Skip to main content

Full text of "Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series"

See other formats


PROCEEDINGS 


OF  THE 


California  Academy  of  Sciences 


FOURTH  SERIES 


Vol.  XIV 


1924 


printed  from  the 
John  W.  Hendrie  Publication  Endowment 


SAN  FRANCISCO 

Published  by  the  Academy 

[  1925-26  } 


COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLICATION 

George  C.  Edwards,  Chairman 
C.  E.  Grunsky  Barton  Warren  Evermann,  Editor 


CONTENTS  OF  VOLUME  XIV 

Title-page    i 

Contents  iii 

1.  Pectens  from  the  Tertiary  of  Lower  California.   By  Leo.  G.  Hert- 

Icin;  published  July  21,  1925 1 

2.  Contribution  to  the  Tertiary  Paleontology  of  Peru.    By  G.  Dallas 

Hanna  and  Merle  C.  Israelsky;  published  July  21,  1925 2'7 

3.  A  Note  on  Two  of  Hyatt's  Liassic  Ammonites.    By  C.  H.  Crick- 

may  ;  published  July  23,  1925 77 

4.  A  New  Species  of  MoUusk  (Dentalium  hannai)  from  Lower  Cali- 

fornia, With  Notes  on  Other  Forms.   By  Fred  Baker ;  published 
July  2i,  1925 83 

5.  Contributions  to  Oriental  Herpetology,  IL    Korea  or  Chosen.    By 

Joseph  R.  Slevin ;  published  July  23,  1925 89 

6.  Contributions    to   Oriental    Herpetology,    HL     Russian   Asia    and 

Manchuria.   By  Joseph  R.  Slevin ;  published  July  23,  1925 101 

7.  New  North  American  Spiders.  By  Ralph  V.  Chamberlin ;  published 

August  14,   1925 105 

8.  Anatomy    of    Lanx,    a    Limpet-Like    Lymnaeid    MoUusk.     By    H. 

Burrington  Baker;  published  August  14,  1925 143 

Expedition  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences 
TO  THE  Gulf  of  California  in  1921 

9.  The  Phalangida.    By  Ralph  V.  Chamberlin ;  published  August  14, 

1925  171 

10.  Scellus  virago   Aldrich    (A   Two-Winged   Fly)    and  Two   Forms 

Closely  Related  To  It.    By  M.  C.  Van  Duzee ;  published  August 
14,  1925  175 

11.  Bees  in  the  Collection  of  California  Academy  of  Sciences.    By  T. 

D.  A.  Cockerell ;  published  August  14,  1925 185 

Expedition  to  Guadalupe  Island,  Mexico,  in  1922 

12.  General   Report.    By  G.    Dallas   Hanna ;    published    September   5, 

1925  217 

13.  The  Birds  and  Mammals.    By  A.  W.  Anthony ;  published  Septem- 

ber 5.  1925 277 

14.  The  Coleoptera.    By  Frank  E.  Blaisdell,  Sr. ;  published  September 

5,  1925  321 

15.  Anthidiine  Bees  in  the  Collection  of  the  California  Academy  of 

Sciences.  By  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell ;  published  September  5,  1925....  345 

16.  Studies  in  the  Tenebrionidae,  No.  2.    (Coleoptera).    By  Frank  E. 

Blaisdell,  Sr.,  published  September  18,  1925 369 

17.  New  Hemiptera  from  Western  North  America.    By  Edward  P. 

Van  Duzee ;  published  September  24,  1925 391 

18.  Paleontology   of    Coyote   Mountain,   Imperial   County,   California. 

By  G.  Dallas  Hanna ;  published  March  23,  1926 427 

19.  Report  of  the  President  of  the  Academy  for  the  Year  1925.    By 

C.  E.  Grunsky ;  published  April  28,  1926 505 

20.  Report  of  the  Director  of  the  Museum  for  the  Year  1925.    By 

Barton  Warren  Evermann ;  published  April  28,  1926 521 

Index  to  Volume  XIV 567 


Jt^ojf 


ERRATA 


p.     58,  line  23,  should  read  Turritella  suturzJis 

p.     70,  line  28,  should  read  Haimesiastrsea  distans 

p.  198,  line     1,  should  read  C.  coloradensis 

p.  200,  line  12,  should  read  H,  viridescens 

p.  204,  line     5,  should  read  nigrifrons 

p.  446,  line     5,  and  other  lines,  should  read  (?)  Conus  molis 

p.  463,  line  28,  should  read  Crassatellites  subgibbotu* 

p.  464,  line  11,  should  read  "Crassatella  gibbosa" 

p.  466,  line  21,  should  read  Lucina  edentuloides 

p.  472,  line  34,  should  read  P.  sancti-ludovid 

p.  474,  line  10,  should  read  sancti-Iudovici 

p.  480,  line  18,  should  read  Metalia  spatagus 

p.  502,  line    4,  should  read  CasMs  aubtuberosa 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  } 

Fourth  Series 
Vol.  XIV,  No.  1,     pp.  1-35,  plates  1-6  July  21,  1925 


PECTENS  FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF 
LOWER  CALIFORNIA 

BY 

LEO  G.  HERTLEIN 
Leland  Stanford  Junior  University 

In  a  study  of  a  collection  of  Tertiary  fossils  from  Lower 
California,  a  considerable  number  of  species  of  Pectens  were 
identified,  several  of  which  appear  to  be  undescribed.  The 
writer  wishes  to  acknowledge  the  kind  help  received  from  Dr. 
J.  P.  Smith  of  the  Leland  Stanford  Junior  University ;  he  also 
wishes  to  thank  Dr.  G.  Dallas  Hanna  and  Mr.  Eric  K.  Jordan 
of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  for  the  loan  of  Acad- 
emy material  and  helpful  criticism  of  the  manuscript.  Permis- 
sion by  Dr.  B.  L.  Clark  to  examine  material  in  the  collection 
of  the  University  of  California  is  gratefully  acknowledged. 
Acknowledgment  is  also  due  especially  to  Mr.  C.  H.  Beal 
and  to  Messrs.  B.  F.  Hake,  C.  R.  Swarts  and  T.  J.  Cullen  of 
the  Marland  Oil  Company  of  California;  and  also  to  Mr.  E. 
Call  Brown  of  Los  Angeles,  California,  for  the  material  col- 
lected by  them.  The  greater  part  of  this  material  is  now  in 
the  paleontological  collections  of  the  Leland  Stanford  Junior 
University;  paratypes  where  available,  and  duplicates,  are  in 
the  collections  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences. 

Previously  described  species  of  Pectens  recognized  in  the 
collection  are  listed  as  follows,  together  with  the  L.S.J.U.  and 
C.A.S.  locality  numbers  from  Lower  California,  and  with  the 

July  21,  1925 


2  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

formation  as  far  as  known.  The  formation-names  and  the 
names  of  the  quadrangles  in  the  most  part  follow  those  adopted 
by  the  Marland  Oil  Company  geologists. 

Pecten  (Pecten)  carrisoensis  Arnold.    Carrizo,  Lower  Pliocene. 

Loc.  45  (L.S.J.U.) 
Pecten  (Pecten)  cataractes  Dall.     Formation  unknown. 

Loc.  52  (L.S.J.U.) 
Pecten  (Pecten)  cf.  bellus  Conrad.     Salada,  Pliocene. 

Loc.  49  (L.S.J.U.) ;  loc.  928  (C.A.S.) 
Pecten  (Pecten)  hemphillii  Dall.     Salada,  Pliocene, 

Loc.  48   (L.S.J.U.) 
Pecten  (Pecten)  keepi  Arnold.    Lower  Pliocene? 

Loc.  44,  45,  50  (L.S.J.U.) 
Pecten  (Pecten)  lecontei  Arnold.    Salada,  Pliocene. 

Loc.  48  (L.S.J.U.)  ;  loc.  928  (C.A.S.) 
Pecten  (Patinopecten)  cf.  coosensis  Shumard,     Salada,  Pliocene. 

Loc.  48  (L.S.J.U.) 
Pecten  (Patinopecten)   dilleri  Dall.     Salada,  Pliocene. 

Loc.  48  (L.S.J.U.) 
Pecten  (Lyropecten)  near  crassicardo  Conrad. 

Loc.  57  (L.S.J.U.) 
Pecten  (Plagioctenium)   circularis  Sowerby. 

Loc.  47,  48,  61  (L.S.J.U.) ;  loc.  928,  930  (C.A.S.) 
Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  cerros<ensis  mendenhalli  Arnold. 

Carrizo,  Lower  Pliocene.    Loc.  45,  51,  62,  69  (L.S.J.U.) 
Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  deserti  Conrad.    Pliocene. 

Loc.  45,  52,  55,  64  (L.S.J.U.) 
Pecten   (Plagioctenium)  invalidus  Hanna.     Pliocene. 

Loc.  52,  64  (L.S.J.U.) 
Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  purpuratus  Lamarck.     Salada,  Pliocene. 

Loc.  48,  116  (L.S.J.U.)  ;  loc.  928,  930  (CA.S.) 

The  localities  (L.S.J.U.)  and  (C.A.S.)  listed  in  the  fore- 
going are  as  follows : 

Locality  44  (L.S.J.U.).  Arroyo  Fortuna,  north  of  San  Jose  del  Cabo, 
Lower  California ;  C.  R.  Swarts  collector. 

Locality  45  (L.S.J.U.).  Santa  Rosalia,  Lower  California;  C.  H.  Beal 
collector. 

Locality  47  (L.S.J.U.).  Turtle  Bay  (San  Bartolome),  Lower  Cali- 
fornia; B.  F.  Hake  collector;  Salada  Pliocene. 

Locality  48  (L.S.J.U.).  Mouth  of  large  arroyo,  northwest  of  Elephant 
Mesa,  Scammon  Lagoon  Quadrangle,  Lower  California;  B.  F.  Hake  col- 
lector; Salada  Pliocene. 


Vol.  XIV]       HERTLEIN—PECTENS  FROM  LOWER  CALIFORNIA  3 

Locality  49  (L.S.J.U.)-  Slopes  of  Salada,  three  miles  southeast  of 
Turtle  Bay,  uppermost  beds,  San  Cristobal  Bay  Quadrangle,  Lower  Cali- 
fornia ;  B.  F.  Hake  collector ;  Salada  Pliocene. 

Locality  50  (L.S.J.U.).  Rancho  Refugio,  north  of  San  Jose  del  Cabo, 
Lower  California;  C.  R.  Swarts  collector. 

Locality  51  (L.S.J.U.).  Arroyo  las  Palmas,  Santa  Rosalia,  Lower 
California. 

Locality  52  (L.S.J.U.).  El  Zacato,  on  coast  north  of  Santiago,  Lower 
California;  C.  R.  Swarts  collector. 

Locality  55  (L.S.J.U.).  Arroyo  Asuncion,  Scammon  Lagoon  Quad- 
rangle, Lower  California;  B.  F.  Hake  collector. 

Locality  57  (L.S.J.U.).  La  Purisima  Cliffs,  San  Ramon  River,  Lower 
California;  E.  Call  Brown  Collector. 

Locality  61  (L.S.J.U.).  Coronados  Island,  Gulf  of  California;  T.  J. 
Cullen  collector. 

Locality  62  (L.S.J.U.).  Float,  five  kilometers  north  of  Santa  Rosalia, 
Lower  California;  C.  H.  Beal  collector. 

Locality  64  (L.S.J.U.).  Arroyo  near  La  Palma,  12  miles  northwest  of 
Santa  Rosalia,  from  pebbly  sandstone  near  Comondu-Salada  contadt. 
Lower  California ;  B.  F.  Hake  collector. 

Locality  69  (L.S.J.U.).  Arroyo  de  las  Virgines,  10  miles  northwest  of 
Santa  Rosalia,  Santa  Rosalia  Quadrangle,  Lower  California;  B.  F.  Hake 
collector. 

Locality  116  (L.S.J.U.).  Cedros  Island,  off  Lower  California;  H. 
Hemphill  and  others,  collectors.    Salada  Pliocene. 

Locality  928  (C.A.S.).  Cedros  Island,  off  Lower  California;  G.  D. 
Hanna  collector ;  Salada  Pliocene. 

Locality  930  (C.A.S.).  Turtle  Bay,  Lower  California;  G.  D.  Hanna 
collector ;  Salada  Pliocene. 

Of  the  species  listed  in  the  foregoing  P.  circularis  and  P. 
cataractes  are  found  living  in  the  Gulf  of  California  at  the 
present  time.  P.  hellus  has  been  listed  from  the  Fernando,  San 
Diego,  and  Santa  Barbara  Pliocene  of  California,  and  P.  hemp- 
hillii  has  been  listed  from  the  Fernando  and  San  Diego  Pliocene 
formations  of  southern  California.  P.  carrizoensis,  P.  deserti 
and  P.  keepi  have  been  reported  from  the  Carrizo  formation. 
P.  lecontei  has  been  reported  from  the  Pliocene  of  Cedros 
Island.  P.  invalidiis  was  described  from  the  San  Diego  Plio- 
cene of  Pacific  Beach  near  San  Diego,  California.  P.  crassi- 
cardo  has  been  reported  as  occurring  throughout  the  Miocene 
of  California,  though  it  is  most  abundant  in  the  Monterey- 
Temblor  and  Santa  Margarita-San  Pablo  formations.  P.  cer- 
rosensis  mendenhalli  was  originally  described  from  the  Plio- 


4  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

cene  of  Lower  California  near  Santa  Rosalia,  which  was 
thought  to  be  equivalent  to  the  Carrizo.  P.  purpuratus  occurs 
in  the  Salada  Pliocene  of  Cedros  Island  and  Turtle  Bay,  also 
in  the  Pliocene  and  Pleistocene  of  Chile,  and  it  is  at  present 
found  living  in  the  waters  of  the  Peruvian  province  of  the 
Pacific  ocean.  P.  cooscnsis  occurs  in  the  Miocene,  Empire 
formation  on  the  coast  of  Oregon  and  in  the  Montesano, 
Miocene  of  Washington.  P.  dilleri  occurs  in  the  Pliocene, 
Wildcat  fomiation  on  Eel  River  in  northern  California  and  in 
the  Fernando  of  the  Santa  Maria  district  near  Santa  Maria, 
California. 

The  numerous  species  of  the  sections  Pecten  s.  str.,  Lyro- 
pecten,  Aequipecten,  and  Plagioctenium,  indicate  that  warm 
water  conditions  prevailed  in  Lower  California  in  the  later 
Tertiary.  The  identity  of  many  of  the  previously  described 
species  with  those  known  from  the  Tertiary  of  California  is  of 
interesting  significance,  as  are  also  the  relations  of  the  new 
species.  The  stratigraphy  of  Lower  California  has  not  been 
worked  out  in  great  detail  as  yet,  nor  has  any  great  advance 
been  made  in  the  way  of  correlation  with  the  Tertiary  forma- 
tions of  the  western  United  States.  Excellent  work  has,  how- 
ever, been  accomplished  by  Dr.  Arnold  Heim  and  others.  A 
recent  paper  by  Heim^  gives  a  good  outline  of  the  Tertiary 
stratigraphy  of  the  southern  half  of  the  Peninsula  of  Lower 
California. 

Several  Tertiary  and  Quaternary  formations  were  recog- 
nized by  Heim.  The  Tepetate  formation,  considered  to  be  of 
probable  Upper  Eocene  age,  is  well  developed  at  the  Rancho 
El  Tepetate,  (Lat.  24°  23',  Long.  111°  8').  A  stratum  of 
about  20  meters  of  white  siliceous  shale  appears  at  the  base  of 
the  formation.  This  is  followed  by  a  considerable  thickness  of 
sandstones  with  smaller  amounts  of  shales.  Numerous  Ortho- 
phragmma  pratti  Mich.,  occur  in  these  beds,  and  Amphistegina 
niasi  Verbeek,  is  also  mentioned.  The  facies  of  the  Tepetate 
formation,  according  to  Heim,  are  chiefly  neritic. 

The  next  younger  formation  recognized  by  Heim  is  the  Puri- 
sima  Nueva  (Lat.  26°  11',  Long.  112°  4').  These  beds  are  said 
to  be  composed  chiefly  of  light  colored  sandstones,  with  some 

'  Geol.  Mag.  Vol.  59,  p.  529-547,   1922. 


Vol.  XIV]       HERTLEIN—PECTENS  FROM  LOWER  CALIFORNIA  5 

layers  of  broken  shells.  The  facies  are  neritic.  At  places  the 
beds  are  considerably  metamorphosed.  Some  of  the  species 
listed  from  this  formation  are:  Mactra  dariensis  Dall,  Pecten 
condylomatus  Dall,  Pecten  oxygonum  optimum  Brown  &  Pils- 
bry,  Racta  gibbosa  Gabb,  Turritella  tristis  Brown,  Balanus  sp. 
The  age  of  this  formation  was  considered  to  be  Upper 
Oligocene. 

Along  the  Arroyo  Cadegomo  and  at  Rancho  San  Ramon 
(Long.  112"  12'),  the  Monterey  formation  is  typically  de- 
veloped. This  formation  is  composed  largely  of  white  silice- 
ous shale  with  smaller  amounts  of  sandstones  and,  according 
to  Heim,  is  quite  similar  to  the  Monterey  formation  of 
California. 

Conformably  overlying  and  intergrading  with  the  Monterey 
formation  is  the  Isidro,  named  from  the  town  of  San  Isidro 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Arroyo  San  Gregorio.  It  consists 
largely  of  sandstones  and  shales  and  is  neritic  in  facies.  Genera 
of  some  of  the  fossils  reported  are:  Area,  Chione,  Mytilus, 
Psammobia,  Tellina(  ?),  Chrysodomus,  Balanus. 

The  Isidro  is  overlain,  at  some  localities  conformably,  else- 
where unconformably,  by  the  usually  flat-lying  Comondu, 
named  for  the  oasis  village  of  that  name.  This  formation  is 
chiefly  composed  of  brownish  sandstones  and  conglomerates, 
which  are  thought  to  be  continental,  of  great  extension,  and 
Upper  Miocene,  or  possibly  Lower  Pliocene,  in  age. 

Above,  and  slightly  unconformable  on  the  Comondu  forma- 
tion, are  the  Cuesta  sandstones,  well  developed  at  La  Cuesta 
de  La  Purisima.  No  fossils  have  been  found  and  the  beds  are 
probably  continental  and  Pliocene  in  age. 

Unconformably  overlying  the  Monterey  at  La  Ventana, 
Heim  found  a  marine  conglomerate,  which  he  suggested  prob- 
ably corresponds  to  the  Fernando  Pliocene  of  California,  but 
to  which  no  formational  name  was  given. 

At  the  cattle  ranch  La  Salada,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Arroyo 
de  La  Salada,  a  marine  Pliocene  fomiation  is  well  exposed,  to 
which  Heim  gave  the  name  Salada.  This  is  composed  largely 
of  sandstones  and  occasional  conglomerates  with  an  upper 
calcareous  stratum.  These  beds  are  thought  to  have  been  de- 
posited in  shallow  water.     The  formation  appears  to  be  quite 


5  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

extensively  developed  along  the  coast  and  at  moderate  dis- 
tances inland,  and  was  recognized  at  several  points.  Genera 
of  some  of  the  fossils  listed  are:  Chione,  Mytilus,  Tellina, 
Calliostoma,  Conus,  Oliva,  Polinices,  Turritella,  Balanus. 

Along  the  Pacific  coast,  the  Pliocene  beds  are  covered  by  the 
Medanos,  or  older  sand  dunes.  Marine  shells  are  found  in 
them  which  are  thought  to  be  of  Pleistocene  age.  Some  of  the 
species  found  were:  Area  tuber culata  Sby.,  Donax  cf.  eayen- 
nensis  Lam.,  Tivela  hryoniana  (radiata  Dall),  oysters,  etc. 

The  writer  has  been  informed  by  Mr.  C.  H.  Beal  that  the 
conclusions  reached  by  him  and  his  associates  concerning  the 
Miocene  stratigraphy  of  Lower  California  do  not  coincide  in 
all  respects  with  those  of  Dr.  Heim.  The  Purisima  Nueva  of 
Heim  was  not  recognized  by  them,  and  no  fauna  comparable 
to  that  listed  by  Arnold  and  Clark  has  been  found  in  their  col- 
lections. In  the  Pliocene,  the  Cuesta  was  not  differentiated 
from  the  Comondu,  and  both  together  were  considered  to  be 
the  continental  equivalent  of  the  Salada. 

In  this  paper,  the  writer,  following  Arnold,  has  used  the 
term  Carrizo  for  certain  beds  in  Lower  California,  notably  in 
the  vicinity  of  Santa  Rosalia.  He  recognizes  that,  as  pointed 
out  by  Vaughan^,  the  name  Carrizo  has  been  used  several  times 
in  North  American  stratigraphy;  furthermore,  examination  of 
faunas  from  Imperial  County,  California,  indicates  a  possi- 
bility that  the  so  called  Carrizo  of  Carrizo  Creek,  Alverson 
Canyon  and  Coyote  Mountain,  may  perhaps  comprise  more 
than  one  horizon. 

Several  of  the  species  listed  in  the  present  paper  are  from  the 
Pliocene  of  Lower  California.  The  Pecten  fauna  indicates 
that  the  Pliocene  of  Cedros  Island  is  in  general  the  equivalent 
of  the  San  Diego  Pliocene  of  Pacific  Beach,  near  San  Diego, 
California.  The  Salada  is  apparently  equivalent  to  the  Plio- 
cene of  Cedros  Island.  There  is,  however,  an  indication  in  the 
fauna,  that  a  horizon  older  than  the  Salada  may  be  present  on 
the  west  coast  of  Lower  California,  as  well  as  on  the  east  coast, 
and  it  is  probable  that  some  of  the  species  referred  to  the 
Salada  may  belong  to  an  older  horizon. 

'Prof.  Paper  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey  No.  98,  1917,  p.  357. 


Vol.  XIV]       HERTLEIN—PECTENS  FROM  LOWER  CALIFORNIA  7 

1.     Pecten  (Pecten)  refugioensis  Hertlein,  new  species 

Plate  1,  figure  2;  plate  5,  figure  9 

Shell  of  medium  size.  Right  valve  practically  smooth,  orna- 
mented, however,  by  fine  concentric  lines  of  growth,  and  close 
to  the  beaks  also  by  fine,  faint,  radiating  ribs  which,  however, 
disappear  at  the  umbo ;  ventral  margin  smooth ;  interior  of  the 
shell  ornamented  by  about  19  dichotomous  ribs;  ears  about 
equal  and  concentrically  sculptured ;  a  slight  groove  showing 
where  the  ears  meet  the  margins  of  the  shell ;  a  slight  byssal 
notch  present  on  the  anterior  ear.  Left  valve  fairly  smooth, 
ornamented  interiorly  much  as  right,  a  depressed  area  which 
is  lower  than  the  margins  extends  from  the  beaks  to  about  one- 
half  the  height  of  the  shell ;  ears  slightly  concave,  ornamented 
by  concentric  lines  of  growth.  Altitude  56  mm. ;  longitude 
57  mm. ;  diameter  of  right  valve  approximately  14  mm. ;  apical 
angle  of  right  valve  approximately  97°. 

Type:  Right  valve.  No.  49  (L.S.J.U.  type  collection),  from 
Loc.  50  (L.S.J.U.),  Rancho  Refugio,  north  of  San  Jose  del 
Cabo,  Lower  California;  Paratypes:  No.  50  (L.S.J.U.  collec- 
tion), and  Nos.  1764,  1765,  1766  (C.A.S.  collection),  C.  R. 
Swarts  collector;  Upper  Miocene  or  Lower  Pliocene. 

This  species  also  occurs  at  Loc.  44  (L.S.J.U.),  from  Arroyo 
Fortuna,  north  of  San  Jose  del  Cabo,  Lower  California;  C.  R. 
Swarts  collector ;  Upper  Miocene  or  Lower  Pliocene. 

Pecten  refugioensis  appears  to  be  a  step  between  the  sections 
Amusium  and  Pecten  s.  str.  It  has,  in  general,  the  shape  of  a 
Pecten  s.  str.  and  the  concentric  sculpture,  ears  and  ribs  are 
suggestive  of  an  Amusium.  It  differs  from  P.  keepi  Arnold 
by  showing  scarcely  any  ribs  on  the  exterior  of  the  shell,  and 
by  its  somewhat  different  shape.  P.  refugioensis  differs  from 
P.  revolutus  Mich.,  from  the  Miocene  of  Italy  in  having  a 
smaller  apical  angle,  a  flatter  shell,  and  differently  shaped 
ears. 


g  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

2.     Pecten  (Pecten)  aletes  Hertlein,  new  species 
Plate  2,  figures  1  and  4 

Shell  of  medium  size.  Right  valve  moderately  convex,  orna- 
mented by  about  11  rather  broad,  flat-topped  radiating  ribs, 
which  anteriorly  and  posteriorly  decrease  in  size,  each  rib  with 
one  to  four  narrow,  slight,  radial  sulcations ;  interspaces  flat- 
bottomed,  narrower  than  the  ribs,  occasionally  bearing  a  tiny 
radiating  riblet,  the  whole  surface  of  valve  sculptured  by  fine, 
close,  concentric  striae;  ears  subequal,  marked  by  growth  lines, 
but  lacking  all  radial  sculpture.  Left  valve  slightly  concave, 
with  a  pronounced  depression  toward  the  beak ;  about  nine  flat- 
topped  radial  ribs,  separated  by  interspaces  about  as  wide  as 
the  ribs,  the  ribs  and  interspaces  both  covered  by  fine,  sharp, 
concentric  sculpture ;  ears  subequal,  and  somewhat  concave, 
ornamented  only  by  fine  incremental  lines.  Altitude  62  mm, ; 
longitude  65  mm.;  diameter  of  right  valve  approximately  13 
mm. ;  apical  angle  of  right  valve  approximately  100°. 

Type:  Right  valve,  No.  44  (L.S.J.U.  type  collection),  from 
Loc.  50  (L.S.J.U.),  Rancho  Refugio,  north  of  San  Jose  del 
Cabo,  Lower  California;  Parafypes:  No.  45  (L.S.J.U.  collec- 
tion), and  No.  1767  (C.A.S.  collection),  C.  R.  Swarts  collector. 
Horizon  not  known ;  probably  Upper  Miocene  or  Lower 
Pliocene. 

Pecten  aletes  differs  from  P.  hcllus  Conrad  in  the  smaller 
number  of  ribs,  which  are  finely  sulcate.  It  differs  from  P. 
laqueatus  Sowerby,  from  Japan,  to  which  it  is  most  closely 
related,  in  the  fewer  ribs;  also  in  that  the  ears  on  the  right 
valve  of  the  present  species  appear  to  be  straighter  and  not 
quite  as  arcuate  as  those  of  P.  laqueatus. 

3.     Pecten  (Pecten)  hartmanni  Hertlein,  new  species 

Plate  1,  figures  4  and  6 

Right  valve  excessively  arched,  ornamented  by  about  16  or 
17  rounded  radiating  ribs  which  become  flattened  toward  the 
ventral  margin  of  the  shell ;  anterior  and  posterior  margins 
highly  arcuate,  smooth  except  for  faint  lines  of  growth ;  ears 
somewhat  convex  and  turned  up  slightly  at  the  ends,  the  an- 


Vol.  XIV]       HERTLEIN—PECTENS  FROM  LOWER  CALIFORNIA  9 

terior  sculptured  by  about  four  poorly  defined  radiating  riblets 
which  are  crossed  by  concentric  incremental  lines,  and  cut  by 
a  slight  byssal  notch;  left  ear  with  a  few  faint  radial  riblets 
and  slight  concentric  striae.  Altitude  75  mm. ;  longitude  65 
mm. ;  diameter  of  right  valve  approximately  30  mm. ;  apical 
angle  of  right  valve  approximately  88°. 

Type:  Right  valve,  No.  48  (L.S.J.U.  type  collection),  from 
Loc.  54  (L.S.J.U.),  Arroyo  Mesquital,  Lower  California,  above 
the  yellow  silts  which  are  well  exposed  in  this  arroyo;  C.  R. 
Swarts  and  T.  J.  Cullen  collectors;  Lower  Pliocene? 

Pec  fen  hartmanni  differs  from  P.  hemphillii  Dall  in  pos- 
sessing a  more  highly  arched  right  valve  and  in  the  shape  of 
the  ears,  which  in  the  present  species  are  somewhat  more 
concave.  It  differs  from  P.  cataractes  Dall  in  having  fewer 
ribs,  and  in  that  the  margins  of  the  shell  descend  abruptly 
rather  than  expanding  laterally,  as  in  the  case  in  Ball's  species, 
and  also  in  P.  vogdesi  Arnold. 

This  species  is  named  in  honor  of  Mr.  A.  Hartmann,  whose 
work  in  Lower  California  has  added  to  the  knowledge  of  tliat 
region. 

4.     Pecten  (Pecten)  heimi  Hertlein,  new  species 

Plate  1,  figure  3 ;  plate  3,  figure  3 

Shell  concavo-convex,  equilateral,  inequivalve.  Right  valve 
highly  arched,  and  ornamented  by  about  20  or  21  rounded, 
radiating  ribs  which  become  flattened  toward  ventral  margin, 
these  separated  by  round-bottomed  interspaces  about  one-half 
as  wide  as  the  ribs ;  ribs  and  interspaces  crossed  by  concentric 
incremental  lines  of  growth ;  ventral  margin  of  shell  rounded ; 
ears  somewhat  convex ;  a  distinct  groove  on  right  ear  close  to 
margin  of  shell,  and  byssal  notch  also  present ;  anterior  margin 
of  right  ear  somewhat  convex;  ear  ornamented  by  about  four 
or  five  radiating  riblets  and  by  concentric  incremental  lines. 
Left  valve  slightly  concave  and  ornamented  by  about  17  or  18 
radiating  ribs  which  are  separated  by  round-bottomed  inter- 
spaces, the  ribs  and  interspaces  crossed  by  fine  concentric  in- 
cremental lines;  a  depressed  area  present  just  below  the  beaks; 
anterior  and  posterior  margins  of  valve  flattened,  higher  than 


JQ  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

the  depressed  inner  area  near  beak,  sloping  abruptly  to  ears; 
ears  concave  and  sculptured  by  fine  incremental  lines  only. 
Altitude  75  mm. ;  longitude  85  mm. ;  diameter  of  right  valve 
approximately  25  mm. ;  apical  angle  of  right  valve  approxi- 
mately 97°. 

Type:  Right  valve,  No.  46  (L.S.J.U.  type  collection),  from 
Loc.  65  (L.S.J.U.),  southern  part  of  Arroyo  San  Gregorio, 
Lower  California;  Paratype:  No.  47  (L.S.J.U.  collection),  E. 
R.  Swarts  and  T.  J.  Cullen  collectors;  Lower  Pliocene? 

Pecten  heimi  differs  from  P.  hemphillii  Dall  in  the  number 
of  ribs,  which  is  greater  in  P.  heimi,  and  in  the  ears  which  are 
smooth,  and  more  convex  in  the  present  species  than  in  P. 
hemphillii.  From  P.  coalingensis  Arnold  and  P.  auburyi 
Arnold  it  is  distinguished  by  its  larger  size  and  the  more 
rounded  shape  of  its  ribs ;  from  P.  vogdesi  Arnold,  by  the  fact 
that  the  shell  in  P.  heimi  does  not  flatten  out  at  the  ventral 
margin  as  does  P.  vogdesi,  and  P.  heimi  has  a  greater  number 
of  ribs  than  Arnold's  species.  P.  heimi  differs  from  P.  hart- 
manni  Hertlein,  in  being  longer  in  proportion  to  the  altitude, 
less  inflated,  and  in  possessing  differently  shaped  ears.  From 
P.  astecus  Bose,  P.  heimi  is  distinguished  by  the  fewer,  more 
rounded,  broader  ribs,  in  the  present  species;  furthermore, 
P.  heimi  is  larger  and  apparently  more  convex. 

This  species  is  named  in  honor  of  Dr.  Arnold  Heim,  whose 
work  has  added  much  to  the  knowledge  of  the  geology  of 
Lower  California. 

5.     Pecten  (Pecten)  beali  Hertlein,  new  species 

Plate  2,  figure  3 ;  plate  5,  figure  8 

Shell  inequivalve,  plano-convex,  equilateral,  the  ventral 
margin  evenly  rounded.  Right  valve  convex,  ornamented 
by  about  23  or  24  prominent,  square,  flat-topped,  strongly 
medially  sulcate  radial  ribs,  with  in  some  cases,  fainter  radial 
grooves  superimposed;  interspaces  flat-bottomed  and  slightly 
narrower  than  the  ribs,  the  whole  surface  sculptured  by  fine, 
regular,  concentric  lines;  posterior  ear  sculptured  by  about 
four  radial  riblets,  and  by  fine  incremental  lines.  Left  valve 
flat  or  slightly  concave,  ornamented  by  about  21  radiating  ribs 


Vol.  XIV]       HERTLEIN—PECTENS  FROM  LOWER  CALIFORNIA  \l 

separated  by  flat-bottomed  interspaces,  each  of  which  bears  a 
single  small  intercalated  riblet,  the  ribs  and  interspaces  crossed 
by  fine  concentric  lines;  a  somewhat  depressed  area  is  found 
just  below  the  beak;  margins  of  shell  somewhat  concave,  bear- 
ing four  or  five  radiating  ribs  and  fine  concentric  imbricating 
lines;  ears  somewhat  concave,  ornamented  by  three  or  four 
radiating  riblets  and  by  fine  concentric  lines  of  growth.  Alti- 
tude 55  mm. ;  longitude  56  mm. ;  diameter  of  right  valve  ap- 
proximately 10  mm. ;  apical  angle  of  right  valve  approximately 
114°. 

Type:  Right  valve,  No.  55  (L.S.J. U.  type  collection),  from 
Loc.  64  (L.S.J.U.),  pebbly  sandstone  near  Comondu-Salada 
contact,  Arroyo  near  La  Peilma,  Lower  California;  Paratype: 
Left  valve  No.  56  (L.S.J.U.  collection),  B.  F.  Hake  collector, 
Salada,  Pliocene. 

Pectcfi  beali  appears  to  be  related  to  P.  carrizoensis  Arnold, 
but  is  larger,  and  the  ribs  are  more  numerous  and  more  deeply 
sulcate.  On  the  left  valve  the  radial  interspaces  are  orna- 
mented by  small  midribs  which  are  lacking  in  Arnold's  species. 
P.  carrizoensis  also  is  longer  in  proportion  to  the  height  than 
P.  beali. 

This  species  is  named  in  honor  of  Mr.  C.  H.  Beal,  whose 
information  concerning  Lower  California  has  been  much  ap- 
preciated by  the  writer. 

6.     Pecten  (Lyropecten)  modulatus  Hertlein,  new  species 

Plate  3,  figure  6 

Shell  moderately  convex,  fairly  heavy,  showing  slight  areas 
of  constricted  growth.  Right  valve  ornamented  by  about  14 
longitudinally  sculptured  radiating  ribs,  which  are  rounded  in 
the  earlier  part  of  the  shell,  but  which,  toward  the  ventral 
margin,  show  a  tendency  to  become  flattened;  interspaces  of 
varying  width  but  all  narrower  than  the  ribs,  all  containing 
a  small  midrib;  anterior  and  posterior  margins  of  shell  orna- 
mented by  fine  longitudinal  riblets;  ears  unequal,  the  anterior 
ear  large,  with  large  byssal  notch  and  sculpture  consisting  of 
about  seven  well  defined  radial  riblets  and  concentric  growth 
lines,  the  left  ear  small  in  comparison  with  the  large  right,  its 


J2  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

posterior  edge  sloping  down  almost  vertically  to  the  margin  of 
shell,  the  surface  of  the  ear  ornamented  by  about  eight  or  more 
radiating  riblets  over  which  are  superimposed  fine  longitudinal 
and  concentric  lines.  Altitude  58  mm. ;  longitude  60  mm. ; 
diameter  of  right  valve  approximately  14  mm. ;  apical  angle, 
right  valve  approximately  92°. 

Type:  Right  valve,  No.  39  (L.S.J.U.  type  collection),  from 
Loc.  43  (L.S.J.U.),  Mesa  west  of  Mesa  de  las  Auras,  Scam- 
mon  Lagoon  Quadrangle,  Lower  California;  B.  F.  Hake  col- 
lector; Salada,  Pliocene. 

Pecten  modnlatiis  bears  some  resemblance  to  P.  vaughani 
Arnold,  but  is  much  larger  and  also  has  sculptured  margins 
and  prominent  midriblets  in  the  interspaces,  while  in  P. 
vaughani  the  interspaces  bear  fine  striae  only. 

7.     Pecten  (Lyropecten)  pretiosus  Hertlein,  new  species 

Plate  2,  figure  6 ;  plate  3,  figure  4 

Shell  small.  Right  valve  moderately  arched,  and  orna- 
mented by  about  17  or  18  rounded,  radiating  ribs,  separated  by 
somewhat  narrower  interspaces;  ribs  and  interspaces  sculp- 
tured by  fine,  radiating  fines  and  crossed  by  fine,  concentric 
lines  of  growth ;  anterior  and  posterior  margins  turning  down 
abruptly,  and  smooth  except  for  incremental  striae;  ventral 
margin  rounded  and  turned  down  abruptly ;  anterior  ear  with 
a  distinct  byssal  notch,  and  a  slight  groove  also  present  be- 
tween ear  and  margin  of  shell ;  about  five  radiating  rib- 
lets  crossed  by  incremental  lines  ornament  the  ear;  posterior 
ear  sculptured  by  about  six  or  seven  radiating  riblets,  crossed 
by  incremental  striae,  the  ear  sloping  downward  and  slightly 
posteriorly  from  the  hinge  line.  Left  valve  ornamented  by 
about  14  or  15  radiating  ribs,  the  whole  surface  with  sculpture 
similar  to  that  of  right  valve ;  ears  sculptured  much  as  on 
right  valve.  Altitude  27  mm. ;  longitude  29  mm. ;  diameter  of 
right  valve  approximately  10  mm. ;  apical  angle  of  right  valve 
approximately  87°. 

Type:  Right  valve.  No.  38  (L.S.J.U.  type  collection),  from 
Loc.  59  (L.S.J.U.),  Turritella  bed  above  San  Gregorio  Lagoon, 
120  miles  north  of  Magdalena  Bay,  Lower  California,  on  the 


Vol.  XIV]       HERTLEIN—PECTENS  FROM  LOWER  CALIFORNIA  I3 

trail  from  Arroyo  Mesquital  to  La  Purisima ;  Paratypes:  No. 
1770  (C.A.S.  collection),  from  Loc.  59  (L.SJ.U.),  and  Nos.  89 
(L.SJ.U.  collection),  and  1771  (C.A.S.  collection),  from  Loc. 
57  (L.S.J.U.),  La  Purisima  Cliffs,  on  San  Ramon  River,  Lower 
California;  E,  Call  Brown  collector;  Isidro  formation,  Lower 
Miocene. 

The  characteristic  shape,  sculpture,  and  shape  of  ears  dis- 
tinguish this  beautiful  little  Pecten  from  other  species. 

8.     Pecten  (Aequipecten)  percarus  Hertlein,  new  species 

Plate  2,  figures  2  and  5 

Shell  moderately  large,  equilateral,  subequivalve,  moderately 
thin,  somewhat  compressed,  the  outline  round.  Right  valve 
ornamented  by  about  22  moderately  strong,  rounded  ribs, 
separated  by  round-bottomed  interspaces  which  are  not  quite 
as  wide  as  the  ribs ;  ribs  and  interspaces  sculptured  by  regular, 
wavy,  incremental  lines,  and,  at  irregular  intervals,  by  stronger 
lines  of  growth ;  hinge  line  about  one-half  as  long  as  the  disk 
and  slightly  indented  at  the  beaks;  ears  unequal,  the  anterior 
with  a  large  byssal  notch  and  sculpture  consisting  of  about 
six  or  seven  radiating  riblets,  the  posterior  ear  ornamented  by 
about  seven  radiating  riblets,  both  ears  sculptured  by  incre- 
mental lines.  Left  valve  more  arched  and  sharper  at  umbo 
than  right,  and  somewhat  one-sided  in  appearance,  the  disk 
ornamented  by  about  25  or  26  rounded,  radiating  ribs,  and 
also  concentrically  sculptured  much  as  on  right  valve;  ears 
ornamented  by  about  six  or  seven  radiating  ribs,  crossed  by 
concentric  incremental  lines;  ears  slightly  concave,  anterior 
with  a  slight  byssal  notch.  Altitude  82  mm. ;  longitude  91 
mm. ;  diameter  approximately  12  mm. ;  apical  angle  of  valves 
approximately  118°. 

Type:  No  42  (L.S.J.U.  type  collection),  from  Loc.  48  (L.S. 
J.U.),  mouth  of  large  arroyo  northwest  of  Elephant  Mesa, 
Scammon  Lagoon  Quadrangle,  Lower  California;  Paratypes: 
No.  43  (L.S.J.U.  collection)  and  Nos.  1768,  1769  (C.A.S.  col- 
lection), B.  F.  Hake  collector,  Salada  PHocene. 

This  species  is  also  found  at  Loc.  76  (L.S.J.U.),  Salada 
on  white  clay  northwest  of  Elephant  Mesa  west  of  Arroyo, 


J4  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Scammon  Lagoon  Quadrangle,  Lower  California ;  B.  F.  Hake 
collector;  Salada,  Pliocene.  Also  Loc.  928  (C.A.S.),  Cedros 
Island;  G.  D.  Hanna  collector;  Upper  Pliocene.  Also  Loc. 
930  (C.A.S.),  from  Turtle  Bay,  Lower  California;  G.  D. 
Hanna  collector;  Salada,  Pliocene. 

Pecten  percarus  is  distinguished  from  other  west  American 
Aequipectens  by  its  large  size,  number  of  ribs,  and  its  clear 
concentric  incremental  lines. 

9.     Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  purpuratus  Lamarck 
Plate  1,  figure  1 ;  plate  4,  figures  2  and  4 

1836.   Pecten  purpuratus  Lamarck,   Hist,   des   Animaux   sans   Vertebres 

(edition  by  Deshayes  and  Edwards),  Vol.  7,  1836,  p.  134. 
1843.    Pecten  purpuratus  Lamarck,  Sowerby,  Thesaurus  Conch.,  Vol.  1, 

1843,  p.  S3,  pi.  15,  fig.  113;  pi.  16,  figs.  123-125. 
1855.    Pecten  purpuratus  Lamarck,  Reeve,  Conchologia  Iconica,  Vol.  8, 

1855,  Pecten,  pi.  5,  fig.  25. 
1910.    Pecten  purpuratus  Lamarck,  Dall,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Vol.  37, 

1910,  p.  149,  pi.  26,  figs.  5,  6. 

Lamarck's  description  is  as  follows: 

"P.  testa  alba,  purpureo  et  nigro  purpurascente  varia ;  radiis  26,  con- 
vexis;  intus  zona  purpureo-nigricante." 

Ball's  description  is  as  follows : 

"Shell  orbicular,  moderately  convex,  subequivalve,  rather  thin,  with 
about  26  flat-topped  ribs,  laterally  fringed,  and  separated  by  channeled 
interspaces ;  colors  white,  rose  color,  and  different  shades  of  purple 
distributed  in  an  irregular  manner ;  the  interior  zoned  with  blackish 
purple." 

Dall  gave  the  recent  distribution  as  being  from  Coquimbo, 
Chile,  northward  to  Ecuador. 

The  three  heavy,  radiating  riblets  on  the  anterior  ear  of  the 
right  valve,  and  the  sharply  serrated  edges  of  the  radial  ribs 
are  characteristic  of  Pecten  purpuratus  Lamarck.  P.  purpura- 
tus is  found  at  the  present  time  in  the  waters  of  the  Peruvian 
province  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  It  occurs  in  the  Pliocene  and 
Pleistocene  of  Chile,  but  has  not  been  reported  previously  from 
the  Tertiary  north  of  Panama.    Specimens  have  been  identified 


Vol.  XIV]       HERTLEIN—PECTENS  FROM  LOWER  CALIFORNIA  J 5 

from  the  Salada  Pliocene  at  Turtle  Bay,  Lower  California, 
and  from  the  Pliocene  of  Cedros  Island.  The  right  valve 
figured  in  this  paper  came  from  Turtle  Bay,  the  left  from 
Cedros  Island. 

Possibly  the  left  valve  described  as  P.  subventricosiis  by 
Dall  from  southern  California  and  referred  to  P.  cerrosensis 
by  Arnold,  is  identical  with  P.  purpiiratus  Lamarck. 

10.     Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  cerrosensis  Gabb 
Plate  6,  figure  1 

1869.   Pecten  cerrosensis  Gabb,  Geol.  Surv.  Calif.,  Pal.,  Vol.  2,  1869,  p.  32, 

pi.  9,  figs.  55,  55a. 
1906.    Not  Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  cerrosensis  Gabb,  Arnold,  Prof.  Paper 

U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  No.  47,  1906,  pp.  123-124,  pi.  44,  fig.  5 ;  pi. 

49,  figs.  1,  la,  lb. 

Gabb's  original  description  is  as  follows : 

"Shell  equivalve,  subcircular,  broader  than  long,  convex ;  beaks  small ; 
sides  sloping  concavely  above,  rounded  below ;  ears  small,  subequal, 
roughened  and  irregular,  sinus  very  small.  Surface  marked  by  eighteen 
or  twenty  flat  ribs,  with  flat  or  slightly  concave  interspaces ;  margins  un- 
dulated, the  ends  of  the  ribs  being  deeply  emarginated,  and  the  inter- 
spaces being  prolonged  into  tongue-like  processes." 

"Locality:  Cerros  Island,  off  the  coast  of  Lower  California:  probably 
Miocene.     Collected  by  Dr.  J.  A.  Veatch." 

The  dimensions  of  the  type  are  approximately:  altitude  210 
mm.;  longitude  220  mm.;  diameter  90  mm.  It  is  No.  1091 
(Univ.  Calif.  Coll.)  and  is  figured  herewith  through  the  kind- 
ness of  Prof.  Bruce  L.  Clark. 

It  appears  to  the  writer  that  several  different  species  have 
been  assigned  to  P.  cerrosensis  Gabb.  Having  examined  the 
type  which  is  in  the  collections  of  the  University  of  California, 
it  appears  that  the  description  and  figures  given  by  Arnold 
can  hardly  belong  to  the  species  described  by  Gabb ;  the  descrip- 
tion and  figures  given  by  Arnold  do  not  coincide  with  the 
type,  original  figure  or  description.  P.  cerrosensis  Gabb  has 
18  to  20  ribs,  a  very  slight  byssal  notch,  and  the  ears,  except 
for  growth  lines,  are  perfectly  smooth,  while  in  the  figures 
shown  by  Arnold  a  deep  byssal  notch  is  present  in  the  anterior 


16  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Sek. 

ear  of  the  right  valve,  there  are  more  than  20  radiating  ribs, 
and  the  ears  are  sculptured  by  radiating  riblets.  As  stated 
elsewhere  in  this  paper,  one  of  Arnold's  figures  may  be  P.  pur- 
puratus  Lamarck,  and  the  others  appear  to  be  P.  suhdolus 
Hertlein. 

The  slight  byssal  notch,  unsculptured  ears,  and  the  number 
of  ribs  are  characteristic  of  P.  cerrosensis. 

11.     Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  cerrosensis  mendenhalli  Arnold 

Plate  1,  figure  5 

1906.  Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  cerrosensis  var?  mendenhalli  Arnold,  Prof. 
Paper  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  No.  47,  1906,  pp.  84-85,  pi.  25,  figs.  2, 
2a,  and  2b. 

Arnold's  original  description  is  as  follows: 

"Shell,  when  adult,  averaging  about  75  millimeters  in  altitude.  Similar 
to  P.  cerrosensis  in  shape,  convexity,  and  ribbing,  but  differing  from  the 
latter  in  being  much  smaller  when  adult,  having  fewer  ribs  (about  19  in 
the  former,  while  the  latter  has  usually  21  or  more),  much  less  prominent 
incremental  lines,  and  a  relatively  longer  hinge  line." 

"Dimensions  (of  a  medium-sised  specimen). — Alt.  43  mm.;  long.  44 
mm. ;  hinge  line  28  mm. ;  diameter  17  mm." 

"The  type  is  from  beds  of  probable  Miocene  age  (the  equivalent  of  the 
Carrizo  Creek  beds)  at  Santa  Rosalia,  Lower  California,  directly  west  of 
and  across  the  Gulf  of  California  from  Guaymas,  Mexico." 

Several  different  species  have  been  referred  to  Pecten  cer- 
rosensis mendenhalli  Arnold  by  various  workers.  A  specimen 
from  near  the  type  locality  is  figured  herewith.  This  form  is 
apparently  more  closely  related  to  the  true  P.  cerrosensis  Gabb 
than  are  the  other  forms  referred  to  the  latter  by  Arnold. 

It  should  be  mentioned  that  Gabb's  original  description  of 
P.  cerrosensis  states  that  the  ribs  are  18  to  20  in  number  and 
not  21  or  more. 

12.     Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  calli  Hertlein,  new  species 

Plate  4,  figures  5,  6  and  7 

Shell  small,  inequivalve.  Right  valve  slightly  arched,  orna- 
mented by  about  16  or  17  rather  high,  narrow,  rounded,  radi- 
ating ribs  separated  by  interspaces  of  about  the  same  width  as 


Vol.  XI\  ]       HERTLEIN—PECTENS  FROM  LOWER  CALIFORNIA  \y 

the  ribs;  anterior  ear  with  a  large  byssal  notch  and  sculpture 
consisting  of  about  five  radiating  riblets  crossed  by  concentric 
lines  of  growth;  posterior  ear  sculptured  by  radiating  riblets 
crossed  by  concentric  lines  of  growth.  Left  valve  slightly 
prolonged  posteriorly,  much  more  highly  arched  than  right, 
and  sloping  rather  abruptly  from  the  umbos,  sculptured  by 
about  19  well  developed,  rather  sharp,  rounded,  radiating  ribs 
separated  by  interspaces  about  as  wide  as  the  ribs,  ribs  and  in- 
terspaces crossed  by  fine  concentric  lines ;  ears  slightly  concave, 
the  anterior  with  a  small  notch  and  ornamentation  consisting 
of  five  or  six  radiating  riblets  crossed  by  concentric  lines  of 
growth;  posterior  ear  slightly  prolonged  at  the  hinge  line, 
sculptured  as  right.  Altitude  24  mm. ;  longitude  24  mm. ; 
diameter  of  left  valve  approximately  7  mm. ;  apical  angle  ap- 
proximately 90°. 

Type:  Left  valve.  No.  68  (L.S.J.U.  type  collection),  from 
Loc.  53  (L.S.J.U.),  first  arroyo  east  of  Santiago,  Lower  Csili- 
fomia,  C.  R.  Swarts  collector;  Miocene?  Paratype:  No.  125 
(L.S.J.U.  collection),  same  locality  as  the  type;  also  No.  126 
(L.S.J.U.  collection),  from  Loc.  63  (L.S.J.U.),  intersection  of 
Arroyo  Fortuna  with  Arroyo  Refugio,  near  San  Jose  del  Cabo, 
Lower  California,  C.  R.  Swarts  collector;  also  No.  127  (L.S. 
J.U.  collection)  from  Loc.  60  (L.S.J.U.  collection),  west  side 
of  Elephant  Mesa,  Scammon  Lagoon  Quadrangle,  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, B.  F.  Hake  collector:  Isidro  formation.  Lower  Mio- 
cene; also  No.  1772  (C.A.S.  collection),  from  Turtle  Bay, 
Lower  California,  E.  C.  Johnson  collector;  Pliocene. 

Pecten  calli  differs  from  P.  andersoni  Arnold,  in  its  nar- 
rower ribs  and  more  highly  arched  left  valve.  From  P.  discus 
Conrad,  and  P.  raymondi  Clark,  the  present  species  is  dis- 
tinguished by  the  differently  shaped  ribs  and  less  circular  out- 
line of  the  valves.  From  P.  deserti  Conrad  and  P.  impostor 
Hanna,  P.  calli  is  distinguished  by  its  high  narrow,  rounded 
ribs  and  only  slightly  arched  right  valve.  From  P.  santa- 
rosanus  Bose,  P.  calli  is  distinguished  by  the  fewer  higher  ribs 
and  by  the  presence  of  a  profound  rounded  notch  in  the  pos- 
terior ear  of  the  left  valve  of  the  present  species,  which  notch 
is  lacking  in  P.  santarosanus. 

July  21,  1925 


|g  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

This  species  is  named  in  honor  of  Mr.  E.  Call  Brown, 
whose  cohection  has  added  to  the  knowledge  of  the  stratig- 
raphy of  Lower  California. 

13.     Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  hakei  Hertlein,  new  species 

Plate  4,  figures  1  and  3 

Shell  moderately  arched,  coarse  and  thick,  slightly  longer 
than  high.  Right  valve  ornamented  by  about  23  or  24  rounded 
to  slightly  flat-topped  ribs,  separated  by  narrower,  round-bot- 
tomed interspaces,  both  the  interspaces  and  ribs  crossed  by 
concentric  incremental  lines,  and,  in  some  cases,  by  rather 
strong  lines  of  growth ;  anterior  ear  with  a  large  byssal  notch, 
and  sculpture  consisting  of  about  five  or  six  radiating  riblets, 
crossed  by  concentric  incremental  lines ;  anterior  and  posterior 
margins  of  valves  smooth  except  for  concentric  incremental 
lines ;  ventral  margin  rounded ;  posterior  ear  ornamented  by 
about  eight  radiating  riblets  and  by  lines  of  growth,  the 
posterior  edge  of  the  ear  forming  nearly  a  right  angle  with  the 
hinge  line.  Left  valve  convex,  higher  at  the  umbo  than  the 
right  valve,  and  ornamented  by  about  24  or  25  squarish,  flat- 
topped,  rounded  ribs,  separated  by  narrower,  round-bottomed 
interspaces,  the  whole  valve  sculptured  by  concentric  lines  of 
growth ;  ears  slightly  concave,  ornamented  by  about  six  or 
seven  radiating  riblets.  Altitude  90  mm.,  longitude  95  mm. ; 
diameter  of  right  valve  approximately  15  mm. ;  apical  angle  of 
right  valve  approximately  114°. 

Type:  Right  valve,  No.  40  (L.S.J.U.  type  collection),  from 
Loc.  47  (L.S.J.U.),  Turtle  Bay,  Lower  California;  Paratypes: 
No.  41  (L.S.J.U.  collection)  and  Nos.  1773,  1774  (C.A.S.  col- 
lection), B.  F.  Hake  collector;  Salada,  Pliocene. 

This  species  is  also  found  at  Loc.  46  (L.S.J.U.),  post- 
Eocene  sandstone,  at  north  edge  of  a  tilted  mesa  about  five 
miles  north  of  Abreojos  Point,  Ballenas  Bay  Quadrangle, 
Lower  California,  B.  F.  Hake  collector ;  Salada,  Pliocene ;  also 
Loc.  42  (L.S.J.U.)  above  San  Juan  Arroyo,  about  five  miles 
southwest  of  Jesus  Maria,  Jesus  Maria  Quadrangle.  Lower 
California,  C.  H.  Beal  collector;  Salada,  Pliocene. 


Vol.  XIV]       HERTLEIN—PECTENS  FROM  LOWER  CALIFORNIA  jg 

Pcctcn  hakci  differs  from  P.  cerrosensis  mendenhalli  Arnold 
in  its  larger  size,  more  numerous  ribs  and  stronger  concentric 
sculpture  and  large  byssal  notch.  It  differs  from  P.  pur- 
puratHS  Lamarck  in  bearing  more  numerous  ribs,  and  in  having 
a  less  rounded  outline ;  also  in  lacking  the  lateral  serrations  on 
the  radial  ribs  which  characterize  P.  purpuratus.  From  P. 
cerrosensis  Gabb,  proper,  it  is  distinguished  by  the  much 
larger  byssal  notch  in  the  anterior  ear  of  the  right  valve,  by  the 
strongly  sculptured  ears,  which,  except  for  growth  lines,  are 
smooth  in  P.  cerrosensis,  and  by  the  number  of  ribs,  23  to  24 
in  the  present  species  rather  than  18  to  20  in  the  species  de- 
scribed by  Gabb. 

This  species  is  named  in  honor  of  Mr.  B.  F.  Hake,  who  col- 
lected considerable  material  which  has  added  to  the  knowledge 
of  the  stratigraphy  of  Lower  California. 

14.     Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  cristobalensis  Hertlein, 

new  species 

Plate  3,  figures  1,  2  and  5 

Shell  large,  fairly  thick,  in  several  specimens  with  strong 
lines  of  restricted  growth;  valves  moderately  arched.  Right 
valve  ornamented  by  about  24  flat-topped,  squarish,  radiating 
ribs,  separated  by  flat-bottomed,  slightly  narrower,  inter- 
spaces, the  whole  surface  crossed  by  well  defined,  wavy,  con- 
centric lines  of  growth ;  anterior  and  posterior  margins  of  valve 
smooth  except  for  concentric  incremental  sculpture;  ventral 
margin  evenly  rounded;  ears  unequal,  the  anterior  ear  with  a 
large  byssal  notch,  and  ornamented  by  about  five  radiating  rib- 
lets  crossed  by  concentric  lines  of  growth ;  the  posterior  ear 
also  bearing  about  five  or  six  radiating  riblets  crossed  by 
growth  lines.  Left  valve  slightly  more  convex  than  right  and 
sculptured  much  as  the  latter,  the  anterior  and  posterior  mar- 
gins with  concentric  lines  of  growth  only ;  ears  ornamented  by 
about  eight  or  nine  radiating  riblets,  the  anterior  ear  with  a 
slight  notch.  Altitude  117  mm. ;  longitude  135  mm. ;  diameter 
right  valve  approximately  17  mm.;  apical  angle  of  right  valve 
approximately  100°- 110°. 

Type:     Right  valve.  No.  36  (L.S.J.U.  type  collection),  from 
Loc.  49  (L.S.J.U.),  slopes  of  Salada  three  miles  southeast  of 


20  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Turtle  Bay,  uppermost  beds,  San  Cristobal  Bay  Quadrangle, 
Lower  California;  Paratypes:  No.  27  (L.SJ.U.  collection)  and 
Nos.  1775,  1776  (C.A.S.  collection),  B.  F.  Hake  collector; 
Salada,  Pliocene. 

The  species  was  also  found  at  Loc.  48  (L.S.J.U.),  at  the 
mouth  of  a  large  arroyo  northwest  of  Elephant  Mesa,  Scam- 
mon  Lagoon  Quadrangle,  Lower  California. 

Pecten  cristohalensis  is  distinguished  from  P.  cerrosensis 
mendenhalli  Arnold,  by  its  squarish,  more  numerous  ribs.  The 
greater  number  of  radial,  squarish  ribs,  separated  by  narrower 
interspaces,  and  the  less  strong  development  of  concentric  in- 
cremental lines,  distinguish  the  present  species  from  P.  cer- 
rosensis Gabb  proper.  P.  cristohalensis  has  a  large  byssal 
notch  in  the  anterior  ear  of  the  right  valve,  and  the  ears  are 
more  strongly  sculptured  by  radiating  riblets  than  in  P.  cer- 
rosensis, in  which  the  byssal  notch  is  very  slight,  and,  except 
for  lines  of  growth,  the  ears  are  smooth.  From  P.  callidus 
Hertlein,  P.  cristohalensis  differs  in  the  more  numerous  ribs, 
different  ears,  and  rounder  outline.  The  distinction  between 
the  present  species  and  P.  purpuratus  Lamarck  is  based 
largely  upon  the  character  of  the  radial  ribs  and  of  the  anterior 
ear  of  the  right  valve.  The  ribs  of  P.  purpuratus  are  wider 
and  lower  than  those  of  P.  cristohalensis;  and  conversely,  the 
interspaces  are  narrower  in  P.  purpuratus ;  furthermore  the 
ribs  of  the  latter  species  expand  much  more  rapidly  toward 
the  ventral  margin  than  do  those  of  P.  cristohalensis.  The 
lateral  serrations  on  the  radial  ribs,  so  strongly  developed  in 
Lamarck's  species,  are  very  slight  in  the  present  form.  The 
presence  of  three  very  strong  ribs  on  anterior  ear  of  right  valve 
of  P.  purpuratus  with  only  a  vestige  of  a  fourth,  rather  than 
five  less  strong  riblets  as  in  P.  cristohalensis,  is  also  an  evident 
and  apparently  constant  difference. 

15.     Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  subdolus  Hertlein,  new  species 

Plate  5,  figures  2,  4  and  7 

1906.  Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  cerrosensis  Gabb,  Arnold,  Prof.  Paper 
U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  No.  47,  1906,  pp.  123-124,  (ex  parte),  pi. 
49,  figs.  1,  la,  lb. 

1869.  Not  Pecten  cerrosensis  Gabb,  Geol.  Surv.  Calif.,  Vol.  2,  1869,  p.  i2, 
pi.  9,  figs.  55,  55a. 


Vol.  XIV]       HERTLEIN—PECTENS  FROM  LOWER  CALIFORNIA  21 

Shell  of  medium  size,  the  valves  moderately  convex.  Right 
valve  ornamented  by  about  21  rounded,  radiating  ribs  which 
become  broader  toward  the  ventral  margin,  the  ribs  separated 
by  round-bottomed,  narrower  interspaces,  the  whole  surface 
ornamented  by  very  fine  radial  striations  and  by  concentric 
lines  of  growth;  anterior  and  posterior  margins  sculptured 
only  by  concentric  incremental  lines ;  ventral  margin  rounded ; 
ears  unequal,  the  anterior  with  a  well  defined  byssal  notch,  and 
sculpture  of  about  six  radiating  riblets  crossed  by  incremental 
lines ;  the  posterior  also  sculptured  by  about  six  or  seven  slight 
radiating  riblets  crossed  by  lines  of  growth,  a  very  slight  notch 
present.  Left  valve  more  arched  than  right  and  somewhat 
one-sided  in  appearance,  ornamented  by  about  21  rounded, 
radiating  ribs  separated  by  round-bottomed  interspaces  about 
as  wide  as  the  ribs,  the  whole  surface  finely  longitudinally 
striate  and  crossed  by  concentric  lines  of  growth ;  ears  slightly 
concave,  the  posterior  sculptured  by  very  slight  radiating  rib- 
lets and  concentric  lines  of  growth,  the  anterior  with  a  rounded 
notch,  the  surface  sculptured  by  a  few  very  slight  radiating 
riblets  and  by  concentric  growth  lines,  the  ornamentation  in- 
distinct on  weathered  specimens.  Altitude  50  mm. ;  longitude 
50  mm. ;  diameter  approximately  17  mm. ;  apical  angle  in  each 
valve  approximately  105°. 

Type:  No.  51  (L.S.J.U.  type  collection),  from  Loc.  115 
(L.S.J.U.),  Pacific  Beach,  San  Diego,  California;  Paratypes: 
No.  52  (L.S.J.U.  collection),  and  No.  1777  (C.A.S.  collection), 
C.  H.  Sternberg  collector;  San  Diego,  Pliocene. 

This  species  also  occurs  at  Loc.  116  (L.S.J.U.),  in  the  Pli- 
ocene of  Cedros  Island,  from  which  locality  a  specimen  attains 
an  approximate  height  of  110  mm. ;  length  110  mm. ;  diameter 
30  mm. 

From  P.  cerrosensis,  P.  suhdolus  differs  in  its  more  numer- 
ous rounded  ribs,  large  byssal  notch,  sculptured  rather  than 
smooth  ears  and  usually  smaller  size.  It  differs  from  P.  cal- 
lidus  in  its  rounded  ribs  which  are  not  as  high  as  those  of  the 
latter,  in  the  presence  of  fine  radial  striae  on  the  disk,  and  in 
the  less  strong  sculpture  of  the  ears  in  the  present  species. 


22  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

16.     Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  callidus  Hertlein,  new  species 

Plate  5,  figures  1,  3,  5  and  6 

Shell  of  medium  size,  the  valves  moderately  arched.  Right 
valve  ornamented  by  about  21  or  22  rather  hig-h,  flat-topped, 
radiating  ribs  separated  by  narrower  interspaces,  tops  of  ribs 
smooth,  but  sides  and  interspaces  sculptured  by  fine,  sharp 
lamellae;  anterior  and  posterior  margins  sculptured  by  con- 
centric lines  of  growth  only;  ventral  margin  rounded;  ears 
unequal,  the  anterior  with  a  large  byssal  notch  and  ornamented 
by  about  five  or  six  radiating  riblets  crossed  by  concentric  lines 
of  growth ;  the  posterior  sculptured  by  several  radiating  riblets. 
Left  valve  more  convex  than  right  and  somewhat  one-sided 
in  appearance,  with  sculpture  quite  similar  to  that  of  right 
valve  except  that  the  interspaces  are  slightly  wider;  anterior 
ear  carrying  a  small,  rounded  notch  and  ornamentation  con- 
sisting of  small,  radiating  riblets  and  concentric  lines  of 
growth;  posterior  ear  sculptured  much  as  the  anterior.  Alti- 
tude 55  mm. ;  longitude  55  mm. ;  diameter  19  mm. ;  apical  angle 
of  valves  approximately  105°. 

Type:  No.  53  (L.S.J.U.  type  collection),  from  Loc.  116 
(L.S.J.U.),  Cedros  Island,  Lower  California;  Paratypes:  No. 
54  (L.S.J.U.  collection),  H.  Hemphill  collector;  Salada,  Plio- 
cene. 

This  species  was  found  also  at  Loc.  48  (L.S.J.U.),  from 
mouth  of  big  Arroyo  northwest  of  Elephant  Mesa,  Scammon 
Lagoon  Quadrangle,  Lower  California ;  B.  F.  Hake  collector ; 
Salada  Pliocene. 

In  the  Fernando  Lower  Pliocene  of  southern  California,  at 
several  localities,  this  species  also  appears  to  be  quite  abundant. 

Pecten  callidus  differs  from  P.  suhdolus  Hertlein  in  having 
higher,  narrower,  smooth  rather  than  striate,  flat-topped  ribs, 
the  interspaces  crossed  by  very  fine  lamellae  which  are  largely 
lacking  in  P.  suhdolus.  It  differs  from  P.  cerrosensis  Gabb,  in 
its  larger  byssal  notch,  radially  sculptured  ears,  more  numer- 
ous ribs,  and  usually  smaller  size.  Possibly  P.  callidus  was 
the  square-ribbed  species  from  the  Fernando  formation  of 
southern  California  which  Arnold  referred  to  P.  cerrosensis. 


Vol.  XIV]       HERTLEIN—PECTENS  FROM  LOWER  CALIFORNIA  23 

A  few  of  the  more  important  references  consulted  in  the 
preparation  of  this  paper  are: 

1903.  ARNOLD,   R.,  The   Paleontology  and   stratigraphy  of   the  marine 

Pliocene  and  Pleistocene  of  San  Pedro,  California.  Mem. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  Vol.  3,  1903. 

1904.  ARNOLD,  R.,  The  faunal  relations  of  the  Carrizo  Creek  beds  of 

California.     < Science,  New  Series,  Vol.  19,  1904,  p.  503. 

1906.  ARNOLD,  R.,  The  Tertiary  and  Quaternary  Pectens  of  California. 
Prof.  Paper  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey  No.  47,  1906. 

1917.  ARNOLD,  R.,  (and  CLARK,  B.  L.),  An  Apalachicola  fauna  from 
Lower  California.  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  America,  Vol.  28,  1917,  p. 
223. 

1906.  BOSE,  E.,  Sobre  algunas  faunas  Terciarias  de  Mexico.  Insti- 
tuto  Geologico  de  Mexic6  Boletin  No.  22,  1906. 

1869.  GABB,  W.  M.,  Geological  Survey  of  California,  Paleontology,  Vol. 
2,  1869. 

1915.  HEIM,  A.,  Sur  La  Geologic  de  la  partie  meridionale  de  la  Basse 

Californie.  <Comptes  Rendus  Ac.  d.  Sc.  Paris,  t.  161,  1915, 
p.  419. 

1916.  HEIM,  A.,  Reisen  im  siidlichen  Teil  der  halbinsel   Niederkalifor- 

nien.     (4  p),  Zeitschrift  der  Ges.  f.  Erkunde,  Berlin,  1916. 

1921.  HEIM,  A.,  Vulkane  in  der  Umgebung  der  Oase  La  Purisima  auf 

der  Halbinsel  Niederkalifornien.  (1  map,  3  pis.,  7  figs.)  Zeit- 
schrift fiir  Vulkanologie,  herausgeg.  v.  Imm.  Friedlander,  Bd.  6, 
1921,  pp.  15-21. 

1922.  HEIM,  A.,  Notes  on  the  Tertiary  of  Southern  Lower  California 

(Mexico).    <Geol.  Mag.  Vol.  59,  1922,  pp.  529-548. 

1924.  JORDAN,  E.  K.,  Quaternary  and  Recent  MoIIuscan  Faunas  of  the 
West  Coast  of  Lower  California.  <Bull.  Southern  Calif. 
Acad.  Sci.,  Vol.  23,  pt.  5,  1924,  pp.  145-157. 

1895.  MERRILL,  G.  P.,  Notes  on  the  Geology  and  Natural  History  of  the 
Peninsula  of  Lower  California.  < Report  of  the  U.  S.  National 
Museum,  1895,  pp.  976-995. 

1919.  SMITH,  J.  P.,  Climatic  Relations  of  the  Tertiary  and  Quaternary 
Faunas  of  the  California  Region.  <Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci., 
4th  Ser.,  Vol.  9,  No.  4,  1919,  pp.  123-173. 

1917.  VAUGHAN,  T.  W.,  The  Reef  Coral  Fauna  of  Carrizo  Creek,  Im^ 

perial  County,  California,  and  its  Significance.  Prof.  Paper 
U.  S.  Geol.  Survey  No.  98,  1917,  pp.  355-376. 


24  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Plate  I 

Fig.  1.  Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  purpuratus  Lamarck;  X^;  plesiotype,  left 
valve,  No.  90  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  116  (L.  S.  J.  U.),  Cedros 
Island,  Salada  Pliocene;  p.  14. 

Fig.  2.  Pecten  {Pecten)  refugioensis  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural  size;  type 
right  valve.  No.  49  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll),  .from  Loc.  50  (L.  S.  J.  U.),  Rancho 
Refugio,  north  of  San  Jose  del  Cabo,  Lower  California.  Upper  Miocene  or 
Lower  Pliocene;  p.  7. 

Fig.  3.  Pecten  {Pecten)  heimi  Hertlein,  new  species;  X^^;  type,  right  valve, 
No.  46  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  65  (L.  S.  J.  U.),  southern  part  of 
San  Gregorio  Arroyo,  Lower  California;  p.  9. 

Fig.  4.  Pecten  {Pecten)  hartmanni  Hertlein,  new  species;  X%;  type,  right 
valve.  No.  48  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  54  (L.  S.  J.  U.),  Arroyo 
Mesquital,  Lower  California.  Above  the  yellow  silts  which  are  well  exposed 
in  this  arroyo.    Lower  Pliocene? ;  p.  8. 

Fig.  5.  Pecten  {Plagioctenium)  cerrosensis  mendenhalli  Arnold;  X^;  plesio- 
type, right  valve.  No.  91  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  62  (L.  S.  J.  U.), 
float  five  kilometers  north  of  Santa  Rosalia,  Lower  California.  Carrizo,  Lower 
Pliocene?  p.  16. 

Fig.  6.  Pecten  {Pecten)  hartmanni  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural  size;  type, 
same  specimen  as  figure  4;  p.  8. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Ser.,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  1 


HERTLEIN]    Plate  1 


25  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES'  [Proc.  4th  Sek. 


Plate  II 

Fig.  1.  Pecten  (Pecten)  aletes  Hertlein,  new  species;  X^^;  paratype,  left 
valve,  No.  45  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  50  (L.  S.  J.  U.),  Rancho 
Refugio,  north  of  San  Jose  del  Cabo,  Lower  California.  Upper  Miocene  or 
Lower  Pliocene;  p.  8. 

Fig.  2.  Pecten  (Aequipecten)  percarus  Hertlein,  new  species;  X^;  type, 
right  valve,  No.  42  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  48  (L.  S.  J.  U.),  mouth 
of  big  Arroyo  northwest  of  Elephant  Mesa,  Scammon  Lagoon  Quadrangle, 
Lower  California.    Salada,  Pliocene;  p.  13. 

Fig.  3.  Pecten  (Pecten)  beali  Hertlein,  new  species;  X%;  type,  right  valve, 
No.  55  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  64  (L.  S.  J.  U.),  pebbly  sandstone 
near  Comondu-vSalada  contact,  Arroyo  near  La  Palma,  Lower  California. 
Probably  Carrizo,  Lower  Pliocene?  p.  10. 

Fig.  4.  Pecten  (Pecten)  aletes  Hertlein,  new  species;  X%;  type,  right  valve. 
No.  44  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  50  (L.  S.  J.  U.),  Rancho  Refugio, 
north  of  San  Jose  del  Cabo,  Lower  California.  Upper  Miocene  or  Lower 
Pliocene?  p.  8. 

Fig.  5.  Pecten  (Aequipecten)  percarus  Hertlein,  new  species;  X%;  type,  left 
valve;  same  specimen  as  Fig.  2;  p.  13. 

Fig.  6.  Pecten  (Lyropecten)  pretiosus  Hertlein,  new  species;  X%;  paratype, 
left  valve,  No.  89  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  57  (L.  S.  J.  U.),  La 
Purisima  cliflfs  on  San  Ramon  River,  Lower  California;  Isidro  formation, 
Lower  Miocene;  p.  12. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Ser..  Vol.  XIV,  No.  1 


IHERTLEIN  1    Plate  2 


r 


N 


23  CALIFORXIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIEXCES  [Proc.  4th  Sf.r. 


Plate  III 

Fig.  1.  Pecten  (Plagiocteuium)  cristobalensis  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural 
size;  paratype,  right  valve,  No.  94  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.)  from  Loc.  49  (L.  S. 
J.  U.),  slopes  of  Salada  three  miles  southeast  of  Turtle  Bay,  uppermost  beds, 
San  Cristobal  Bay  Quadrangle,  Lower  California;  vSalada  Pliocene;  p.  19. 

Fig.  2.  Pecten  (Plagiocteuium)  cristobalensis  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural 
size;  type,  right  valve.  No.  36  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.).  Same  locality  as  Fig.  1 ; 
p.  19." 

Fig.  3.  Pecten  (Pecten)  heimi  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural  size;  paratype, 
left  valve.  No.  47  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  65  (L.  S.  J.  U.),  southern 
part  of  San  Gregorio  Arroyo,  Lower  California.    Lower  Pliocene?  p.  9. 

Fig.  4.  Pecten  (Lyropecten)  pretiosus  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural  size; 
type,  right  valve.  No.  38  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  59  (L.  S.  J.  U.), 
Turritella  bed  above  San  Gregorio  Lagoon,  120  miles  north  of  Magdalena  Bay, 
Lower  California,  on  the  trail  from  Arroyo  Mesquital  to  La  Purisima.  Isidro 
formation.    Lower  Miocene;  p.  12. 

Fig.  5.  Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  cristobalensis  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural 
size;  paratype,  left  valve.  No.  37  (L.  vS.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.).  vSame  locality  as 
Fig.  2;  p.  19. 

Fig.  6.  Pecten  (Lyropecten)  modulatus  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural  size; 
type,  right  valve.  No.  39  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  43  (L.  S.  J.  U.), 
Mesa  west  of  Mesa  de  las  Auras,  Scammon  Lagoon  Quadrangle,  Lower  Cali- 
fornia.   Salada  (?)  Pliocene;  p.  11. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Ser.,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  1 


[HERTLEIN]    Plate  3 


-^Q  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Plate  IV 

Fig.  1.  Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  hakei  Hertlein,  new  species  ;X%;  type,  right 
valve,  No.  40  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  47  (L.  S.  J.  U.),  Turtle  Bay, 
Lower  California.    Salada  Pliocene;  p.  18. 

Fig.  2.  Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  purpuratus  Lamarck;  X^;  plesiotype,  right 
valve.  No.  1778  (C.  A.  S.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  930  (C.  A.  S.),  Turtle  Bay, 
Lower  California.    Salada  Pliocene;  p.  14. 

Fig.  3.  Pecten  {Plagioctenium)  hakei  Hertlein,  new  species;  X%;  paratype, 
left  valve.  No.  41  (L.  vS.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.).    LocaHty  same  as  Fig.  1 ;  p.  18. 

Fig.  4.  Pecten  {Plagioctenium)  purpuratus  Lamarck,  natural  size;  plesio- 
type, right  valve,  No.  1779  (C.  A.  S.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  928  (C.  A.  S.), 
Cedros  Island,  Lower  California.     Salada  Pliocene;  p.  14. 

Fig.  5.  Pecten  {Plagioctenium)  calli  Hertlein,  new  species;  X3;  paratype, 
right  valve.  No.  125  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  60  (L.  S.  J.  U.),  west 
side  of  Elephant  Mesa,  Scammon  Lagoon  Quadrangle,  Lower  California. 
Isidro  formation.  Lower  Miocene;  p.  16. 

Fig.  6.  Pecten  {Plagioctenium)  calli  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural  size; 
type,  left  valve.  No.  68  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  53  (L.  S.  J.  U.),  first 
arroyo  east  of  Santiago,  Lower  California.    Miocene?  p.  16. 

Fig.  7.  Pecten  {Plagioctenium)  calli  Hertlein,  new  species;  X3;  paratype, 
left  valve  of  specimen  Fig.  No.  5.  p.  16. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Ser.,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  1 


[HERTLEINI   Plate  4 


39  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIESCES  [Proc.  4th  Skr. 


Plate  V 

Fig.  1.  Pecten  {Plagioctenhim)  callidus  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural  size; 
type,  right  valve,  No.  53  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  116  (L.  S.  J.  U), 
Cedros  Island.    Salada  Pliocene,    p.  22. 

Fig.  2.  Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  subdolus  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural  size; 
paratype,  right  valve,  No.  52  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  115  (L.  S. 
J.  U.),  Pliocene  of  Pacific  Beach,  near  San  Diego,  California.  San  Diego 
Pliocene,  p.  20. 

Fig.  3.  Pecten  {Plagioctenium)  callidus  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural  size; 
paratype,  right  valve.  No.  54  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  116  (L.  S. 
J.  U.),  Cedros  Island.    vSalada  Pliocene,  p.  22. 

Fig.  4.  Pecten  {Plagioctenium)  subdolus  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural 
size;  type,  right  valve.  No.  51  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  115  (L.  S. 
J.  U.),  Pliocene  of  Pacific  Beach,  near  vSan  Diego,  California.  San  Diego 
Pliocene;  p.  20. 

Fig.  5.  Pecten  {Plagioctenium)  callidus  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural  size; 
type,  left  valve.    vSame  specimen  as  Fig.  1;  p.  22. 

Fig.  6.  Pecten  {Plagioctenium)  callidus  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural  size; 
paratype,  left  valve.  No.  54  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  Same  specimen  as  Fig.  3 ; 
p.  22.' 

Fig.  7.  Pecten  {Plagioctenium)  subdolus  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural  size; 
type,  left  valve.    Same  specimen  as  Fig.  4;  p.  20. 

Fig.  8.  Pecten  (Pecten)  beali  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural  size;  paratype, 
left  valve.  No.  56  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  64  (L.  S.  J.  U.),  pebbly 
sandstone  near  Comondu-Salada  contact,  Arroyo  near  La  Palma,  Lower  Cali- 
fornia.   Probably  Carrizo,  Lower  Pliocene?  p.  10. 

Fig.  9.  Pecten  {Pecten)  refugioensis  Hertlein,  new  species;  natural  size; 
paratype,  left  valve,  No.  50  (L.  S.  J.  U.  Type  Coll.),  from  Loc.  50  (L.  S.  J.  U.), 
Rancho  Refugio,  north  of  San  Jose  del  Cabo,  Lower  California.  Upper 
Miocene  or  Lower  Pliocene,  p.  7. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,   No.  1 


[HERTLEIN]  Plate  5 


34 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Plate  VI 

Fig.  1.  Pecteti  (Plagioctenium)  cerrosensis  Gabb.;  XVo;  type,  right  valve 
(U.  of  Calif,  collection),  from  Pliocene  of  Cedros  Island,  Lower  California. 
Salada,  Pliocene;  p.  15. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  1 


HERTLEINl    Plate  6 


PROCEEDINGS  Z^,^**^'^ 

OF  THE 

CALIFORNIA    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  2,  pp.  37-75.  plates  7  and  8  July  21,  1925 


II 

CONTRIBUTION  TO  THE  TERTIARY  PALEON- 
TOLOGY OF  PERU 

BY 

G.  DALLAS  HANNA 

AND 

MERLE  C  ISRAELSKY 
Department  of  Paleontology 

Introduction 

In  1914  Mr.  G.  C.  Gester  collected  a  considerable  number 
of  Tertiary  fossils  in  Peru  and  soon  after  presented  them  to  the 
California  Academy  of  Sciences.  Dr.  Roy  E.  Dickerson,  then 
Curator  of  the  Department  of  Paleontology,  intended  to  pre- 
pare a  report  upon  the  collection  for  publication,  and  he  identi- 
fied many  of  the  species  contained  therein,  but  before  the  Avork 
was  completed  he  was  called  to  other  duties. 

Later,  through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  John  G.  Burtt  of  the 
Shell  Oil  Company  of  California,  another  collection  made  in 
the  same  region  by  Mr.  Arthur  May  was  donated  to  the 
Academy. 

The  purpose  of  this  paper  is  to  place  on  record  these  inter- 
esting and  valuable  collections.  Through  the  development  of 
the  petroleum  bearing  fonnations  of  northern  South  America 
during  recent  years  much  attention  has  been  attracted  to  the 
region  and  several  extensive  reports  have  been  published  on  the 
geology  and  paleontology.     Large  collections  have  been  made 

July  21,   1925 


33  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

in  Panama  and  Colombia  as  well  as  in  Peru,  and  the  Academy 
has  fared  exceedingly  well  in  the  distribution  of  these.  It  is 
believed  that  the  publication  of  further  technical  reports  on  the 
paleontology  will  aid  geologists  materially  in  the  field  work 
necessary  to  an  accurate  mapping  of  the  areas  of  prospective 
or  proved  productivity. 

In  the  preparation  of  this  report  it  was  found  necessary  to 
prepare  a  checklist  of  species  previously  described  and  listed 
from  the  Tertiary  of  Peru.  This  has  been  so  exceedingly  help- 
ful to  us  that  we  believe  it  desirable  to  publish  it  at  this  time 
in  order  that  all  references  to  previous  systematic  work  may 
be  available  in  one  place  to  future  workers.  It  has  been  made 
as  nearly  complete  as  possible  and  it  is  not  believed  many  refer- 
ences have  been  missed.  In  consulting  the  checklist,  however, 
it  should  be  remembered  that  a  considerable  number  of  species 
have  been  listed  or  described  from  Peru  from  formations  older 
than  the  Tertiary,  from  the  Cretaceous  down  to  and  including 
the  Silurian.    We  have  not  collected  references  to  these. 

We  wish  to  express  the  appreciation  of  the  Academy  to  Mr. 
Gester  and  Mr.  Burtt  for  the  collections  concerned,  and  also  to 
acknowledge  our  indebtedness  to  Dr.  Dickerson  for  the  work 
in  the  identification  of  species  previous  to  our  attempts. 

Previous  Work 

In  1909  George  I.  Adams^  published  "An  Outline  Review 
of  the  Geology  of  Peru"  in  which  he  gave  a  resume  of  previous 
work  which  had  been  done.  His  bibliography  (pp.  428-430) 
professedly  incomplete,  contains  41  titles ;  these  include  all  the 
important  papers  on  the  paleontology  of  the  region  which  had 
appeared  up  to  that  time.  Since  then  two  extensive  accounts 
of  the  fossils  of  the  Eocene  and  Miocene  of  Peru  have  apn 
peared ;  one  by  Spieker^,  the  other  by  Woods,  Vaughan,  and 
Cushman^.  As  often  happens,  these  books  were  printed  the 
same  year  and  since  there  is  a  conflict  of  names  it  became  im- 
portant to  know  which  was  actually  distributed  first  to  the 
public.     In  response  to  inquiries  made  of  the  publishers  it  has 

'Annual  Report,  Smithsonian  Institution  for  1908   (1909)  pp.   385-430,  5  pis. 

*  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  September  8,  1922. 

•  In  Bosworth,  Geology  of  the  Tertiary  and  Quaternary  periods  in  the  northwest 
part  of  Peru;  Macmillan  &  Co.  Ltd.,  London,  October  3,  1922,  pp.  XXII,  1-434,  many 
plates. 


Vol.  XIV]     HANNA  AND  ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY  OF  PERU  39 

been  learned  that  Spieker's  paper  appeared  on  September  8, 
1922*;  the  Macmillan  Company  has  stated  that  the  vohime  by 
Bosworth  and  others  was  published  on  October  3,  1922'*; 
therefore  priority  of  publication  is  accredited  to  Spieker  in  the 
following  checklist  wherever  a  conflict  has  been  found. 

Space  has  not  been  taken  to  give  a  running  list  of  the  species 
in  the  collections,  but  each  one  is  noted  in  its  proper  place  in 
the  checklist. 


List  of  Collecting  Stations  in  Peru 

328.6  "Near  the  top  of  a  small  hill  on  the  south  side  of  Corona  peak." 
G.  C.  Gester,  Coll.  No.  7. 

329.  "Ridge  line  near  Corona  Peak,  north  coast  of  Peru."    G.  C.  Gester, 

Coll.  No.  6. 

330.  "Timbes  Peru : — two  miles  up  river  at  top  of  hill."     G.  C.  Gester, 

Coll.  (Pleistocene.) 

331.  "Sea  cliff;  from  a  sand  near  the  base  of  shale  series,  northeast  of 

Punto  Mero,  Peru."    G.  C.  Gester,  Coll. 

333.  "Cliff  near  base  of  shale  series,  northeast  of   Punto  Mero,  Peru." 

G.  C.  Gester,  Coll.  No.  18. 

334.  "From  sandy  shale  at  Punto  Sal  Chico,  Peru;  dip.  25°-30°  North." 

G.  C.  Gester,  Coll. 

335.  "Punto  Sal  Chico,  Peru."    G.  C.  Gester,  Coll. 

336.  "Near  base  of  organic  shale  series  at  Quebrada,  northeast  of  Moss 

Peak,  Peru."    G.  C.  Gester,  Coll. 

338.  "Qiffs  of  Punto  Giganta,  Peru."    G.  C.  Gester,  Coll. 

339.  "Halfway  up  sea  cliff,  midway  between  Boca  Pan  and  Sechunta,  or 

about  one  mile  northeast  of  Boca  Pan,  Peru."     G.  C.  Gester, 
Coll. 

340.  "Near  top  of  sea  cliff  one-fourth  mile  southwest  of  Eloisa,  nearly 

one  mile  southwest  of  Boca  Pan  camp,  Peru."     G.  C.  Gester, 
Coll.  No.  2. 

341.  "On  a  hill  just  a  little  southwest  of  Giganta  Quebrada,  Boca  Pan, 

Peru."    G.  C.  Gester,  Coll.  No.  3. 

342.  "South   side  and   one   mile   from  entrance  of   Culebra  Ora,   Peru." 

G.  C.  Gester,  Coll. 

*  Letter  dated  January  14,  1925,  from  M.  L.  Raney,  Librarian,  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity to  Dr.  Barton  W.  Evermann,  on  file  at  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences. 

°  Letter  dated  January  13,  1925,  from  Anne  M.  Collins,  Mail  Order  Department, 
the  Macmillan  Company,  to  Dr.  Barton  W.  Evermann,  on  file  at  the  California 
Academy  of  Sciences. 

*  All  numbers  refer  to  the  catalog  of  the  Department  of  Paleontology,  California 
Academy  of  Sciences. 


40  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

343.  "One  to  one-and-a-fourth  miles  north  of  des  embarcadero,  Culebra, 

Ora,  Peru."    G.  C  Gester,  Coll. 

344.  "Near  top  of  cliff,  above  No.  339,  midway  between  Boca  Pan  and 

Sechunta,  Peru."    G.  C.  Gester,  Coll. 

345.  "Negritos,  Peru;  one-fourth  mile  from  camp."     G.  C.  Gester,  Coll. 

346.  "Low  cliff,  near  base,  just  north  of  Piedros  Redondas,  Peru."    G.  C 

Gester,  Coll. 

555.  "Cavacha  de  Conchas,  on  sea  cliff  one  mile  west  of  Payta,  Peru." 

G.  C.  Gester,  Coll.  No.  4. 

556.  "One-fourth  mile  southwest  of  Eloisa,  or  nearly  one  mile  southwest 

of  Boca  Pan  Well  No.  2,  Peru."     G.  C.  Gester,  Coll.  No.  2. 
(Same  locality  as  340,  above.) 

850.  "Quebrada   Mancora,    Peru ;    from   transition   beds   between   Heath 

shales  and  Trigal  sandstone."    Arthur  May,  Coll.  No.  5. 

851.  "Mouth  of  Quebrada  Mancora,  northern  Peru;  from  same  horizon 

as  No.  850."    Arthur  May,  Coll.  No.  6. 

852.  "One  mile  east  of  Boca  de  Quebrada  Mancora,  Peru;  near  base  of 

Heath  shale."    Arthur  May,  Coll.  No.  8. 

853.  "Bluff  at  beach  on  south  side  of  Caleta  Sal,  Peru ;  transition  zone 

between    Heath    shale    and    Trigal    sandstone."     Arthur   May, 
Coll.  No.  10. 

854.  "El  Convento  (near  La  Breita)  Peru;  Carnoas  shale."    Arthur  May, 

Coll.  No.  11. 

855.  "Massive   white   sandstone   at   Cabo   Blanco,    Peru."     Arthur   May, 

Coll.  No.  16. 

856.  "At  beach  one  mile  north  of  Negritos,  Peru;  Parinas  sandstone  of 

Bos  worth."    Arthur  May,  Coll.  No.  17. 

857.  "From  the  lower  beds  of  the  Upper  Zorritos,  Quebrada  Boca  Pan, 

Peru."    Arthur  May,  Coll.  No.  18. 

858.  "Lower  Zorritos  formation  at  the  head  of  Quebrada  Heath,  Peru." 

Arthur  May,  Coll.  No.  19. 

861.  "Turritella  beds  of  the  Negritos  region,  Peru."     Arthur  May,  Coll. 

No.  25. 

862.  "Middle  sandy  Heath  formation  at  Cerro  Marinero,  Peru."    Arthur 

May,  Coll.  No.  26. 


Description  of  Species 

The  two  collections  studied  contain  a  few  species  which 
appear  to  be  undescribed  up  to  this  time  and  a  few  others, 
already  described,  but  for  which  additional  important  charac- 
ters are  shown.    These  are  here  taken  up  in  detail. 


Vou  XIV]     HANNA  AND  ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY  OF  PERU  4I 

1.    Turritella  conquistadorana  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species 

Plate  7,  figure  5 

Shell  acute-conic,  with  an  apical  angle  of  15";  suture  de- 
pressed, with  a  strong  collar-like  rib  just  below;  three  less 
prominent  primary  ribs  below  the  collar  and  with  minor  rib- 
lets  intercalated.  Altitude  23.7  mm.  (apex  missing)  ;  diameter 
5.1  mm. 

Type:  No.  1707,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  from  locality  No. 
850  (C.A.S.  coll.)  "Quebrada  Mancora,  Peru,  Eocene;"  Arthur 
May,  coll. 

The  new  species  resembles  Turritella  humerosa  Conrad^  in 
general  type  of  sculpture  and  apical  angle,  but  has  a  much  more 
pronounced  carina  and  fewer  primary  ribs.  The  ribs  on  Tur- 
ritella merriami  Dickerson^  are  much  finer  than  on  the  new 
species. 

2.    Turritella  cochleiformis  Gabb 

Plate  7,  figures  6  and  7 

Turritella  cochleiformis  Gabb,  Amer.  Journ.  Conch.,  Vol.  5,  1869,  p.  29. 
— Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  Ser.  2,  Vol.  8,  1878,  p.  264, 
pi.  35,  figs,  7,  7a. 

The  figured  specimens,  Nos.  1708  and  1709  (C.A.S.  coll.) 
came  from  locality  No.  555  (C.A.S.  coll.),  "Cavacha  de  las 
Conchas,  one  mile  west  of  Payta,  Peru,  on  sea  cliff."  G.  C. 
Grester,  coll.  It  is  believed  that  these  show  the  characters  of 
the  species  better  than  the  original  drawing. 

3.    Turritella  filicincta  varicosta  Spieker 

Plate  8,  figure  6 

Turritella  filicincta  var.  varicosta  Spieker,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies 
in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  66,  pi.  3,  fig.  3. 

Opportunity  is  taken  to  illustrate  the  aperture  of  this  vari- 
ation and  to  show  the  heavy  callosity  of  the  inner  lip.    The 

'  Maryland  Geol.  Surv.  Eocene,  p.  148,  pi.  27,  figs.  1,  la,  Baltimore,  Johns  Hopkins 
Press.  1901. 

•Dickerson,  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.  Bull.  Dept.  Geol.,  Vol.  7,  No.  12,  1913,  p.  284,  pi. 
13,  figs.  6a,  6b,  6c. 


42  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

specimen  figured,  No.  1710  (C.A.S.  coll.),  is  from  locality  No. 
328  (C.A.S.  coll.),  "near  top  of  a  small  hill  south  of  Corona 
Peak,  Peru."    G.  C.  Gester,  coll. 

4.    Faunus  paytensis  (Woods) 

Plate  8,  figure  8 

"Cerithium"  paytensis  Woods,   in   Bosworth,   Geology   of   Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  87,  pi.  10,  figs.  7-9. 

The  specimen  here  illustrated  has  a  strong  callosity  on  the 
inner  lip  which  shows  the  species  should  probably  be  placed  in 
the  genus  Faunus.  The  specimen  figured.  No.  1711  (C.A.S. 
coll.),  is  from  locality  No.  555  (C.A.S.  coll.),  "Cavacha  de 
las  Conchas,  one  mile  west  of  Payta,  Peru,  on  sea  cliff."  G.  C. 
Gester,  coll. 

5.     Melanatria  (?)  gesteri  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species 

Plate  8,  figures  1-3 

Shell,  robust,  spire  turreted,  composed  of  eight  post-nuclear 
whorls;  sutures  deeply  impressed,  bordered  above  and  below 
by  an  irregular,  rounded,  spiral,  ridge;  body  whorl  with  these 
two  ridges  and  three  smaller  ones  below ;  the  uppermost  of  the 
three  shows  above  the  suture  on  the  penultimate  whorl ;  colum- 
ella twisted,  and  apparently  heavily  calloused  in  full-grown 
specimens;  these  (No.  1712,  C.A.S.  coll.)  have  a  decided  anal 
sulcus  in  the  upper  angle  of  the  aperture;  peristome  thin;  canal 
of  moderate  length  only. 

Measurements  in  millimeters 
Number  Length  Diameter 

1712  64.5±5  27.5 

1713  52±10  27.0 

1714  55±5  26.8 

Cotypes:  Nos.  1712,  1713,  1714,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci., 
from  Loc.  334  (C.A.S.  coll.)  "Punta  Sal  Chico.  Peru; 
Negritos  [Eocene]  formation;"  G.  C.  Gester,  coll. 

The  series  of  specimens  available  for  study  shows  consider- 
able variation,  as  would  be  expected  in  this,  presumably  a 
brackish-water  inhabiting  genus.  The  depth  of  the  impression 
of  the  suture  and  the  coarseness  of  the  spiral  ridges  seem  to  be 


Vol.  XIV]     HANNA  AND  ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY  OF  PERU  43 

most  subject  to  variation  of  all  the  shell  characters  and  the 
three  specimens  chosen  for  cotypes  were  selected  to  illustrate 
these  points.  There  is  no  trace  of  spines  on  the  spire  such  as 
are  found  in  Pseudo glaucoma  lissoni  from  the  same  formation. 

It  is  not  certain  that  these  large  shells  belong-  to  the  genus 
Melanatria  Bowdich,  the  type  of  which  appears  to  have  been  a 
spineless  species;  but  for  want  of  a  genus  where  they  can  be 
placed  with  greater  positiveness  it  seems  that  this  is  as  satisfac- 
tory disposition  of  them  as  can  be  made  at  present. 

The  species  is  named  for  Mr.  G.  C.  Gester,  whose  field  work 
has  greatly  enriched  the  collections  of  the  California  Academy 
of  Sciences. 

6.    Siphonalia  phosoidea  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species 
Plate  7,  figure  10;  plate  8,  figures  5,  7 

Shell  fusiform,  ventricose,  with  apical  angle  of  38°,  gently 
shouldered,  with  short  open  canal;  sculpture  consisting  of 
numerous,  nearly  equally  spaced  spiral  lirse,  those  on  the  base 
being  coarser  than  the  others;  where  crossed  by  growth  lines 
nodules  are  formed;  axial  sculpture  consisting  of  slightly  ob- 
lique ribs  which  become  strongest  at  shoulder  where  they  form 
nodes  (seven  on  body  whorl)  ;  suture  slightly  raised,  undu- 
lating; aperture  elliptical,  produced  anteriorly  into  a  short 
open  siphonal  canal;  columella  somewhat  twisted;  altitude 
45.4  mm.  (spire  and  canal  broken)  ;  diameter  21  mm. 

Type:  No.  1716,  Mus.  Cahf.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  locality  No. 
328  (C.A.S.  coll.)  "near  top  of  small  hill  south  of  Corona  Peak, 
Peru;  Zorritos  formation;"  G.  C.  Gester,  coll. 

Paratype:  No.  1717,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  locality 
336  (C.A.S.  coll.),  from  near  base  of  organic  shale  series, 
"Quebrada  northeast  of  Moss  Peak,  Peru;"  Zorritos  forma- 
tion ;  G.  C.  Gester,  coll. 

We  have  been  unable  to  find  any  closely  related  species  with 
which  to  compare  this  fossil.  It  is  placed  in  the  genus  Si- 
phonalia, using  that  name  in  the  broad  sense  in  which  western 
paleontologists  have  given  it;  if  present  tendencies  in  nomen- 
clature persist,  the  species  inevitably,  will  be  placed  in  another 
group. 


44  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

7.    Clavilithes(?)  atahuallpai  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species 

Plate  7,  figures  8  and  9 

Shell  fusoid,  with  body  whorl  longer  than  turreted  spire; 
ornamented  by  fine  spiral  lines,  which  become  rather  heavy 
on  base  of  body  whorl;  spire  with  apical  angle  of  70°  and 
strongly  noded,  the  body  whorl  slightly  noded  or  not  at  all; 
shoulder  tabulate  for  about  1%  whorls  from  aperture;  aper- 
ture suboval,  inclined,  notched  at  shoulder ;  anterior  canal  open, 
narrow,  curved,  about  same  length  as  body  whorl ;  columella 
vertical,  flexuous ;  inner  lip  slightly  calloused ;  umbilicus  incipi- 
ent; measurements  of  type,  No.  1718:  altitude  41.9  mm. 
(apex  broken)  ;  diameter  24  mm. 

Type:  No.  1718,  paratype  No.  1719,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci., 
from  locality  No.  339,  "near  top  of  a  small  hill  south  of  Corona 
Peak,  Peru ;  Zorritos  formation ;"  G.  C.  Gester,  coll. 

The  species  has  a  surprising  resemblance  to  Macron  philcp- 
delphicus  Harris".  As  the  nuclear  portion  of  the  shell  is  miss- 
ing, the  true  systematic  position  is  not  known.  Furthermore, 
certain  of  the  characters  appear  fasciolaroid  and  the  species 
may  belong  to  an  undescribed  genus. 

The  species  is  named  for  Atahuallpa,  the  last  chief  of  the 
Incas. 

8.     Clavilithes  burtti  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species 

Plate  7,  figure  11 

Shell  broadly  fusiform,  heavy,  early  whorls  strongly  lirate, 
later  ones  weakly  lirate;  growth  lines  distinct;  spire  short; 
whorls  sharply  keeled  at  periphery;  shoulder  flat,  inclined  out- 
ward ;  suture  deeply  impressed ;  aperture  ovate,  opening  into  an 
open,  narrow  anterior  canal;  inner  lip  strongly  calloused; 
columella  nearly  straight,  smooth;  altitude  63.4  mm.,  (spire 
and  canal  broken)  ;  diameter  37.3  mm. 

Type:  No.  1720,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  locality  No. 
850  (C.A.S.  coll.)  from  "Quebrada  Mancora,  Peru;  Eocene;" 
Arthur  May,  coll. 

•Harris,  Bull.  11,  Vol.  3,  Amer.  Paleont.,  pi.  7,  fig.  8. 


Vol.  X1\']     HANNA  AND  ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY  OF  PERU  45 

This  species  may  readily  be  distinguished  from  those  de- 
scribed by  Woods  by  its  much  shorter  spire. 

Named  for  Mr.  John  G.  Burtt  of  the  Shell  Oil  Company,  of 
California,  through  whose  efforts  a  considerable  number  of 
specimens  were  received  for  this  study. 

9.    "Surcula"  mayi  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species 

Plate  7,  figure  12 

Shell  thick,  broadly  fusiform;  apical  angle  70°;  spire  less 
than  half  as  high  as  body  whorl;  whorls  sharply  angulated; 
fine  spiral  striations  over  whole  of  shell ;  strong  nodes  occur 
on  angulation  of  whorls;  15  on  body  whorl;  shoulder  some- 
what concave;  growth  lines  indistinct  on  type;  aperture  ovate; 
inner  lip  heavily  calloused ;  a  low,  rounded,  elongated  tooth  is 
present  on  the  columella  near  the  upper  termination  of  the 
peristome,  thus  resembling  many  members  of  the  family  Bur- 
sidae;  canal  of  moderate  length,  slightly  twisted.  Altitude 
62.9  mm.  (spire  and  canal  broken)  ;  diameter  38  mm. 

Type:  No.  1721,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  from  locality  No.  850 
(C.A.S.  coll.)  from  "Quebradd  Mancora,  Peru;  Eocene;" 
Arthur  May,  coll. 

This  species  can  readily  be  distinguished  from  Surcula 
thompsoni  WooDS^^by  its  greater  apical  angle  and  more  numer- 
ous tubercles  and  from  Surcula  occidentalis  Woods"  by  its 
relatively  lower  spire  and  greater  angulation  of  the  whorls. 

The  species  is  named  for  Mr.  Arthur  May,  who  collected  it 
and  several  of  the  other  forms  described  herein. 

In  accordance  with  present-day  usage  we  have  placed  this 
large  shell  in  the  genus  Surcula,  although  with  a  feeling  that  if 
generic  discrimination  continues  in  the  future  as  it  has  of  late 
years  it  must  inevitably  be  transferred  to  some  other  group; 
typically,  Surcula  is  a  very  different  organism^^. 

"  WcKxis,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  N.W.  Peru,  Macmillan  &  Co.,  London,  1922,  pi. 
17,  figs.    1,   2,   3. 

"  Qp.  Cit.,  pi.   16,  figs.   7,  8,  9,   10. 

'^  See  in  this  connection  Anderson  &  Hanna,  Fauna  of  the  Type  Tejon  Eocene,  Dec. 
Pprs.  11,  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  1925,  p.  82. 


45  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

10.    Natica  coronis  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species 

Plate  8,  figure  4 

Spire  very  high,  composed  of  5^  whorls  which  are  evenly 
rounded  and  symmetrical;  umbilicus  partially  open;  parietal 
wall  covered  with  a  greatly  thickened  callous  deposit;  suture 
not  deeply  impressed.  Altitude  34  mm.  (originally  about 
38  mm.)  ;  diameter  25  mm. 

Type:  No.  1715,  Mus.  Cahf.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  Loc.  328 
(C.A.S.  coll.)  "near  the  top  of  a  small  hill  on  the  south  side  of 
Corona  Peak,  Peru;  Zorritos  formation;"    G.  C.  Gester,  coll. 

The  exceedingly  high  spire  of  this  species  has  made  it  im- 
possible to  identify  it  with  any  of  those  previously  described 
from  the  region.  It  has  a  still  higher  spire  than  Natica  sub- 
clansa  Sowerby^^,  a  very  common  and  well  known  species  from 
the  Miocene  of  Santo  Domingo,  Gatun,  Colombia  and  else- 
where. 


11.    Crassatellites  pizarroi  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species 

Plate  7,  figure  1 

Shell  medium  in  size,  ledaeform,  ornamentation  consisting 
of  concentric  ribbing  and  deep,  well  defined  lunule ;  escutcheon 
present ;  beaks  depressed ;  anterior  end  of  shell  well  rounded, 
posterior  elongated ;  length  36.4  mm. ;  height  22  mm. ;  thick- 
ness 13.2  mm. 

Type:  No.  1722,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  locality  858 
(C.A.S.  coll.)  "head  of  Quebrada  Heath,  Peru;  Zorritos  form- 
ation, Miocene;"  Arthur  May,  coll. 

The  species  is  named  for  Francis  Pizarro,  the  Spanish  con- 
queror of  Peru.  It  resembles  in  a  general  way  C.  berryi 
Spieker  from  the  same  formation,  but  lacks  the  very  conspicu- 
ous concentric  sculpture  and  the  posterior  angulation  of  that 
species. 

"Quart.  Journ.  Geol.   Soc,  Vol.  6.  1849,  p.   SI.     See  Maury,  Bull.  29,  Am.   Paleo., 
1917,  p.   136,  pi.  23,  fig.   14,  for  bibliographic  references  and  notes. 


Vol.  XIV]     HANNA  AND  ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY  OF  PERU  47 

12.    Macrocallista  cavachana  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species 

Plate  7,  figure  3 

Shell  small,  ovate,  very  inequilateral ;  beak  situated  about 
one-fourth  the  distance  from  the  anterior  end,  incurved  and 
prosogyrous;  dorsal  slopes  steep,  basal  margin  broadly  round- 
ed ;  lunule  flat,  not  deeply  circumscribed ;  escutcheon  not  well 
defined;  sculpture  consisting  of  fine,  concentric  striae  only; 
hinge  plate  narrow,  not  well  preserved  in  type;  length  23.5 
mm.;  height  17.3  mm.;  thickness,  (1  valve)  5.7  mm. 

Type:  No.  1723,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  locality  No. 
555  (C.A.S.  coll.)  "Cavacha  de  las  Conchas,  one  mile  west  of 
Payta,  Peru,  on  sea-cliff ;  Eocene ;"  G.  C.  Gester,  coll. 

The  new  species  resembles  in  outline  Macrocallista  helencB 
Spieker^^,  from  the  Zorritos,  but  lacks  the  comparatively  heavy 
ribbing  of  that  species, 

13.    Chione  sechuntana  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species 

Plate  7,  figure  2 

Shell  small,  ovate-cordiform,  sub-trigonal,  gibbose,  radiately 
and  concentrically  ribbed;  beaks  prominent,  inflated,  incurved 
and  directed  forward,  situated  about  a  third  the  distance  from 
the  anterior  end;  anterior  end  short,  convex;  posterior  slope 
nearly  straight  along  hinge  line ;  basal  margin  gently  rounded, 
slightly  notched  posteriorly  due  to  slight  flexuosity;  lunule 
round,  well  defined;  escutcheon  short  and  broad;  length  21.5 
mm. ;  height  19  mm. ;  diameter  15.7  mm. 

Type:  No.  1724,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  locality  No. 
339  (C.A.S.  coll.)  "sea  cliff,  halfway  between  Boca  Pan  and 
Sechunta,  one  mile  northeast  of  Boca  Pan,  Peru;  Zorritos 
formation ;"  G.  C.  Gester,  coll. 

14.    Corbula  woodsi  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species 

Plate  7,  figure  4 

Shell  subtrigonal,  inequivalve,  the  left  being  the  larger;  in- 
equilateral, gibbose,  sharply  angled  behind;  strongly  and  con- 
centrically striated ;  beaks  prominent,  the  right  being  a  little  the 

"  Spieker,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.,  Studies  in  Geology  No.  3,  Baltimore,   1922,  p.   145, 
pi.   9,  figs.  3,  4. 


48  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

higher;  both  twisted  inwardly  and  sHghtly  forward;  lunule 
not  well  defined;  escutcheon  long,  broadly  elliptical;  a  very 
deep  channel,  posterior  to  the  beak  tends  to  form  a  rostrum; 
length  17  mm. ;  height  13  mm. ;  diameter  10.1  mm. 

Type:  No.  1725,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  Loc.  No.  555 
(C.A.S.  coll.)  "Cavacha  de  las  Conchas,  one  mile  west  of 
Payta,  Peru ;  on  sea-cliff ;  Eocene ;"   G.  C.  Gester,  coll. 

Named  for  Dr.  Henry  Woods,  the  eminent  English  paleon- 
tologist, in  recognition  of  his  work  on  the  paleontology  of 
Peru. 

It  is  recognized  that  in  the  deep  posterior  channel  this  shell 
departs  from  the  usual  Corbula-form,  but  we  have  not  been 
able  to  place  it  \\^th  certainty  in  any  other  group. 

Checklist  of  Species  of  Peruvian  Tertiary 
Paleontology 

In  the  following  checklist  names  of  genera  and  species  are 
arranged  alphabetically  as  used  by  the  various  authors.  Cross 
references  to  changes  in  nomenclature  are  supplied.  In  the 
preparation  of  the  list  it  has  been  found  that  several  Peruvian 
species  have  been  given  specific  names  which  were  not  valid 
according  to  the  rules  of  nomenclature  in  current  use  and 
these  have  been  renamed  herein.  No  attempt  has  been  made 
to  correct  the  genus-names  except  in  those  cases  where  the 
species  have  been  considered  in  the  foregoing  part  of  this 
paper,  or  in  the  identification  of  the  two  collections  concerned. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  new  names  proposed : 

Ampullina  woodsi  Turritella  supraconcava 

Qavilithes  atahuallpai  Area  retractata 

Clavilithes  burtti  Cardium  spiekeri 

Columbella  paytana  Chione  sechuntana 

Fusus  talaraensis  Corbula  talarana 

Melanatria  gesteri  Crassatellites  pizarroi 

Natica  coronis  Lucina  talarana 

Siphonalia  phosoidea  Macrocallista  cavachana 

Surcula  mayi  Pecten  incus 

Terebra  nelsoni  Corbula  woodsi 
Turritella  conquistadorana 


Vol.  XIV]     HANNA  AND  ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY  OF  PERU  49 

Gastropoda 

Ampullina  gabbi  Woods.  See  Ampullina  woodsi  Hanna  &  Israelsky, 
new  name. 

Ampullina  ortoni  Gabb,  Amer.  Journ.  Conch.  Vol.  5,  1869,  p.  27;  Payta, 
Peru ;  Tertiary. — Gabb,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  Vol.  8,  ser. 
2,  1878,  p.  264,  pi.  35,  fig.  3;  (Euspira).  [Loc.  555,  C.A.S.  coll.] 

Ampullina  paytensis  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  77,  pi.  7,  figs.  3,  4.     Lobitos  Formation,  Eocene. 

Ampullina  woodsi  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  name.  [Loc.  335,  C.A.S. 
coll.] 

Ampullina  gabbi  Woods,   in   Bosworth,   Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  77,  pi.  7,  fig.  2.    Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 
Not   Natica    (Ampullina)   gabbi   Clark,    Univ.    Calif.    Publ.    Geol. 
Vol.  11,  1917,  p.  166,  pi.  19,  figs.  12,  14,  15;  San  Lorenzo  Oligocene, 
California. 

Aphera  peruana  Nelson.    See  Caticellaria  peruana  (Nelson). 

Argobuccinum  sorritense  Nelson.     See  Nassa  sorritensis  (Nelson). 

Besauconia  pupoidea  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  89,  pi.  11,  figs.  6-8.    Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 

Bulla  sp.  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol,  2,  pt.  1, 
1870,  p.  186,  not.  fig'd.     Zorritos,  Peru. 

Calliostoma  noduliferum  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  187,  pi.  6,  fig.  1.  Zorritos,  Peru. 
Calliostoma  (Eutrochus)  noduliferum  Nelson,  Spieker,  Pal.  Zor- 
ritos Form.,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  92,  pi.  1,  figs.  7,  8.  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene.  [Loc.  556, 
C.A.S.  coll.] 

Cancellaria  bradleyi  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol. 
2,  pt.  1.    1870,  p.  192,  pi.  6,  figs.  8,  9.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Cancellaria  la/rkinii  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol. 

2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  192,  pi.  6,  fig.  7.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Cancellaria  (Aphera)  peruana  (Nelson),  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the 
Zorritos  Formation  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology  No, 

3,  p.  42,  pi.  4,  fig.  13.    Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Aphera  peruana  Nelson,   Trans.   Conn.   Acad.  Arts  and   Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  190,  pi.  6,  fig.  3.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Cancellaria  spatiosa  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol. 
2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  191,    not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Cancellaria  triangularis  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  191,  pi.  6,  fig.  10.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Cerithium  chatwini  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  88,  pi.  11,  figs.  3-5.     Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 


30  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Cerithium  grillanum  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation, 
Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  57,  pi.  2, 
fig.  10.     Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Cerithium  infranodatum  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation, 
Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  56,  pi. 
2,  fig.  9.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Cerithium  Iceviusculum  Gabb,  Amer.  Jour.  Conch.  Vol.  5,  1896,  p.  27,  Payta, 
Peru,  Tertiary. — Gabb,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  Ser.  2,  Vol. 
8,  1878,  p.  264,  pi.  35,  fig.  4. 

Cerithium  negritosense  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  87,  pi.  11,  figs.  1,  2.    Negritos  Formation,  Exjcene. 

"Cerithium"  paytense  Woods.     See  Faunus  paytensis  (Woods). 

Clavella  solida  Nelson.    See  Triumphus  solida  (Spieker). 

"ClcKuilithes"   atahuallpai   Hanna   &   Israelsky,    this   paper,   p.   44,   pi.   7, 

figs.  8,  9,  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 
Clannlithes  burtti  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  this  paper,  p.  44,  pi.  7,  fig.   11. 

Eocene. 
Clavilithes  harrisi  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 

1922,   p.  97,   pi.   13,   figs.  5,  6.     Negritos  and   Lobitos   Formations, 

Eocene. 

Clavilithes  incertus  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  100,  pi.  14,  fig.  3.  Negritos  Formation,  (var.  ?  in  Lobitos), 
Eocene. 

Clavilithes  pacificus  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  99,  pi.  13,  fig.  10;  pi.  14,  figs.  1,  2.  Negritos  and  Lower 
Lobitos  Formations,  Eocene.     [Loc.  850,  C.A.S.  coll.] 

Clavilithes  peruvianus  Woods,   in   Bosworth,   Geology  of   Northwestern 

Peru,  1922,  p.  98,  pi.  13,  figs.  7-9.    Negritos  and  Lobitos  Formations, 

Eocene. 
Columhella  buccata  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch  ftir  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl. 

Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  647,  pi.  19,  fig.  7.    Talara  Formation,  Miocene. 
Columbella  longistoma  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch  fiir  Min.  Geol.  Pal. 

Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  648,  pi.  19,  fig.  9.    Talara  Formation,  Miocene. 

Columbella  paytana  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  name. 

Columbella   tu^rita   Grzybowski,    Neues   Jahrbuch    fiir   Min.    Geol. 

Pal.   Bl.   Bd.  12,   1899,  p.  648,  pi.   19,  fig.   11.     Talara   Formation, 

Miocene. 

Not  Columhella  turrita  Sowerby,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  1832,  p. 

115. 
Columbella    turrita    Grzybowski.      See    Columhella   paytana    Hanna    & 

Israelsky,  new  name. 
Conus   berryi   Spieker,    Paleontology   of    the   Zorritos    Formation,   Johns 

Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  39,  pi.  1,  fig.  4. 

Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 


Vol.  XIV]     HANNA  AND  ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY  OF  PERU  ^\ 

Conus  bocapanensis  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation, 
Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  38,  pi.  1, 
fig.  3,  Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Conus  sp.  ind.,  A.  Nelson,  Trans.    Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  194,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Comts   cacuminatus   Spieker,    Paleontology   of    the   Zorritos    Formation, 
Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  40,  pi.  1, 
fig.  5.     Upper  Zorritos   (  ?)  Formation,  Miocene. 
Conus  sp.  ind.,  B,  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  194,  not  fig'd.  Zorritos,  Peru. 

Conus  molis  var.  bravoi  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation, 
Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  2,  1922,  p.  41,  pi.  1, 
fig.  6.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Conus  sp.  ind.,  C.  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  194,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Conus  multiliratus  var.  gasa  Johnson  &  Pilsbry,  Spieker,  Paleontology 
of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology 
No.  3,  1922,  p.  37.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Conus  (Litlwconus)  sp.  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  108.    Lobitos  Formation,  Eocene. 

ConuSj  sp.  ind.  A,  Nelson.    See  Conus  bocapanensis  Spieker. 

Conus,  sp.  ind.  B,  Nelson.    See  Conus  cacuminatus  Spieker. 

Conus,  sp.  ind.  C,  Nelson.     See  Conus  molis  bravoi  Spieker. 

Crepidula,  sp.  ind.    Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol. 

2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  187,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 
Crucibulum  inerme  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol. 

2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  188,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Cuma  alternata  Nelson.    See  Solenosteira  alternata  (Nelson). 

Cyprcea  angustirima  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation, 
Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  55,  pi.  2, 
figs.  7,  8.     Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Diastoma  americanum  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  92,  pi.  12,  figs.  1,  2.    Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 

Dientomochilus  (Ectinochilus)  cf.  laqueata  (Conrad),  Woods,  in  Bos- 
worth, Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru,  1922,  p.  92,  pi.  12,  fig.  3. 
Lobitos  Formation,  Eocene. 

Dolium  (Malea)  camura  (Guppy),  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  52.    Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Dolium  (Malea)  sp.  indet.,  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Forma- 
tion, Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology  No.  3,  1922,  p.  53. 
Variegated  Zorritos,  Miocene. 

Eovasum  peruvianum  Douville,  Journ.  de  Cbnch.  Vol.  66,  1921,  p.  4,  pi. 
1,  figs.  4a,  4b,  5.    [Eocene],  Peru. 


52  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Faunus  (?)  lagunitensis  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  86,  pi.  10,  figs.  4-6.    Lobitos  Formation,  Eocene. 

Faunus  paytensis  (Woods). 

"Cerithitim"  paytense  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwest 
Peru,  1922,  p.  87,  pi.  10,  figs.  7-9.    Lobitos  Formation,  Eocene. 
Faunus    paytense     (Woods),    Hanna    &    Israelsky,    this    paper, 
p.  42,  pi.  8,  fig.  8.    [Locs.  555,  854,  C.A.S.  coll.] 

Fusus  inflatus  Grzybowski.  See  Fusus  talaraensis  Hanna  &  Israelsky, 
new  name. 

Fusus  paytensis  Gabb,  Amer.  Journ.  Conch.,  Vol.  5,  1869,  p.  25. — Gabb, 
Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  Ser.  2,  Vol.  8,  1878,  p.  264,  pi.  35,  figs. 

1,  la.    Tertiary,  Payta,  Peru. 

Fusus  talaraensis  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  name. 

Fustis  inflatus  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch  fiir  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl. 
Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  648,  pi.  19,  fig.  5.    Talara  Formation,  Miocene. 
Not  Fusus  inflatus  Dunker,  Philippi,  Abbild.  u.  Beschr.  Conch., 
Vol.  2,  1842-1851,  p.  19,  pi.  4,  fig.  3. 
(Several  times  otherwise  preoccupied.) 

Littorina  laqueata  Gabb,  Amer.  Journ.  Conch.,  Vol.  5,  1869,  p.  28.  Tertiary, 
Payta,  Peru. — Gabb,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  Ser.  2,  Vol.  8, 
1878,  p.  264,  pi.  35,  fig.  5. 

Malea,  sp.  ind.  Nelson,  Trans.  Cbnn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  2, 
1870,  pt.  1,  p.  196,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Marginella  incrassata  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol. 

2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  197,  pi.  6,  figs,  5,  6.  Zorritos,  Peru. — Spieker, 
Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ. 
Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  43,  pi.  1,  fig.  9.  Zorritos  Forma- 
tion, Miocene. 

Melanatria  acanthica  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  84,  pi.  9,  figs.  12-14.    Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 

Melanatria  dimorphica  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  83,  pi.  9,  fig.  11.    Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 

Mehnatria  gesteri  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species ;  this  report,  p.  42. 

Melanatria  propinqua  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  85,  pi.  10,  fig.  1.    Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 

Melanatria  venusta  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  85,  pi.  10,  fig.  2.     Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 

Mitra,  sp.  ind.  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  2, 

pt.  1,  1870,  p.  197,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 
Mitra  labiata^^  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch  fur  Min.,  Geol.,  Pal.,  Bl.  Bd. 

12,  1899,  p.  649,  pi.  19,  fig.  10.    Talara  Formation,  Miocene. 

"CossMANN  &  PisSARO,  Iconograph,  1907-1913,  Vol.  2,  pi.  42,  figs.  202-210,  illustrate 
a  species  from  the  Eocene  of  the  Paris  Basin  which  they  call  Mitra  (Mitreola)  labiata 
(Chemnitz).  In  the  limited  time  available  for  search  it  has  not  been  possible  to 
ascertain  whether  Grzybowski's  name  for  the  Peruvian  fossil  conflicts  with  this  one  or 
not. 


Vol.  XIV]     HANNA  AND  ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY  OF  PERU  53 

Morgania  costata  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  83,  pi.  9,  figs.  7-10.    Negritos  Formations,  Eocene. 

Morgania  magna  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  82,  pi.  9,  figs.  5,  6.  Negritos  Formation  (probably  also  Lower 
Lobitos),  Eocene. 

Murex  laqueoratus  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation, 
Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  51,  pi.  2, 
fig.  4.     Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Myurella  tuberosa  Nelson.  See  Terebra  nelsoni  Hanna  &  Israelsky, 
new  name. 

Myurella,  sp.  ind.  A,  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol. 
2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  193,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Myurella,  sp.  ind.  B,  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol. 
2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  193,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Nassa  lagunitensis  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  95,  pi.  12,  fig.  12,  pi.  13,  fig.  1.  Lobitos  Formation,  Eocene. 
[Loc.  850,  CA.S.  coll.] 

Nassa    sorritensis    (Nelson),    Spieker,    Paleontology    of    the    Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  48,  pi.  2,  figs.  1,  2.    Variegated  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 
Argobuccintim  sorritense   Nelson,    Trans.    Conn.   Acad.   Arts   and 
Sciences,  Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  196,  pi.  7,  figs.  1,  2.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Natica  coronis  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species,  this  paper,  p.  46,  pi,  8, 
fig.  4.    Zorritos. 

Natica  elata  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch  fiir  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12, 
1899,  p.  642,  pi.  20,  fig.  8.    Talara  Formation,  Miocene. 

Natica  (Naticina)  sp.  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  77,  pi.  6,  fig.  9;  pi.  7,  fig.  1,  Lobitos  Formation, 
Eocene. 

Oliva,  sp.  ind.,  A,  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  2, 
pt.  1,  1870,  p.  197,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Oliva,  sp.  ind.,  B,  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  2, 
pt.  1,  1870,  p.  197,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Olivancillaria  eocenica  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  105,  pi.  16,  figs.  3,  4.    Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 

Olivancillaria  (Agaronia)  peruviana  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of 
Northwestern  Peru,  1922,  p.  106,  pi.  16,  figs.  5,  6.  Lobitos  Forma- 
tion, Eocene.     [Loc.  328,  CA.S.  coll.] 

Phos  (?)  latirugatus  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation, 
Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  46,  pi.  1,  fig. 
12.    Lower  Zorritos,  Miocene. 

Pirena  peruviana  Douville,  Journ.  de  Conch.  Vol.  66,  1921,  p.  11,  pi. 
2,  fig.  3  [Eocene],  Peru.  [In  the  explanation  of  the  plate,  the  name 
peruviana  is  given  as  a  race  of  P.  vellicata  Bellardi.] 


54  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Pleurotonia,  sp.  ind.  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol. 
2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  194,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Polinices  porcana  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns 
Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  p.  88,  pi.  4,  fig.  9.  Lower 
Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Polinices  subangulata  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  195,  pi.  6,  figs.  4,  12,  13.  Zorritos,  Peru.— 
Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins 
Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  87,  pi.  4,  fig.  8.  Lower 
Zorritos  and  Variegated  Formations,  Miocene. 

Potamides  occidentalis  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  90,  pi.  11,  fig.  19.  Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 
[Loc.  857,  C.A.S.  coll.] 

Potamides  ormei  var.  infraliratus  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  58,  pi.  2,  fig.  11.  Lower  and  Upper  Zorritos  Formations,  Mio- 
cene.    [Locs.  329,  338,  C.A.S.  coll.] 

Pseudoglauconia  lissoni  Douville,  Journ.  Conchyl.  Vol.  66,  1921,  pp.  8,  9, 
fig.  1,  pi.  2,  fig.  1.     [Eocene],  Peru. 

Woods  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru,  1922,  p.  85, 
pi.  10,  fig.  3.  Negritos  Formation,  possibly  Lower  Lobitos,  Eocene. 
[Loc.  857,  C.A.S.  coll.] 

Pseudoliva  mutabilis  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  94,  pi.  12,  figs.  7-11.  Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 
[Loc.  331,  CA.S.  coll.] 

Pseudoliva  parinasensis  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  93,  pi.  12,  figs.  4,  6.  Negritos  and  Lobitos  Formations, 
Eocene.     [Loc.  333,  C.A.S.  coll.] 

Puncturella  phrygia  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch  fiir  Min.  Geol.  Pal. 
Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  642,  pi.  20,  figs.  12,  12a.    Zorritos,  Miocene. 

Purpura  chocolatum  Duclos,  Gabb,  Am.  Journ.  Conch.,  Vol.  5,  1869,  p.  26, 
Payta,  Peru,  Tertiary. 

Pyrula  peruviana  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns 
Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  54,  pi.  2,  figs.  5,  6. 
Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Pyrula  roseta  Grzybowski.    See  Triumphis  solida  (Nelson). 

Sigaretus    excentricus   Guppy,    Grzybowski,    Neues    Jahrbuch    fiir    Min. 

Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  643,  pi.  20,  fig.  9.    Talara  Formation, 

Miocene. 
Siniim  coralanum  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns 

Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  89,  pi.  4,  fig.  10. 

Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene.     [Loc.  331,  C.A.S.  coll.] 
Siphonalia  phosoidea  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species  this  paper,  p.  43, 

pi.  7,  fig.  10,  pi.  8,  figs.  5,  7.     Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 


Vol.  XI\'l     HANNA  AXD  ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY  OF  PERU  55 

Solarium  nelsoni  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  76,  pi.  6,  figs.  6-8.     Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 

Solarium  sexlineare  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol. 
2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  194,  pi.  6,  fig.  11.  Zorritos,  Peru. — Grzybowski, 
Neues  Jahrbuch  fiir  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12.  1899,  p.  642  (name 
spelled  "sexlineatum"  p.  655.),  pi.  20,  fig.  13.  Zorritos  Formation, 
Miocene. — Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  109,  pi.  18,  fig.  1.    Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Solenosteira  altcrnata    (Nelson)    Spieker,    Paleontology  of   the   Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.   Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,   1922, 
p.  45,  pi.  1,  figs.  10,  11.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 
Cuma   alternata   Nelson,   Trans.   Conn.   Acad.   Arts   and   Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  198,  pi.  7,  figs.  3,  4.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Strepsidura  pacifica  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  96,  pi.  13,  figs.  2-4.  Negritos  and  Lower  Lobitos 
Formations,  Eocene. 

Strombina  lanceolata  (Sowerby),  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and 
Sciences,  Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  198.     Zorritos,  Peru. 

Strombus  furcatus  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch  fiir  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl, 
Bd.  12,  1899,  pi.  20,  figs.  14,  14a.    Talara  Formation,  Miocene. 

Strombus,  sp.  ind.  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol. 

2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  192.    Zorritos,  Peru. 
Struthiolaria  guttifera   Grzybowski,    Neues   Jahrb.    fiir   Min.   Geol.    Pal. 

Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  647,  pi.  19,  fig.  8.    Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

"Surcula"  mayi  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species,  this  paper,  p.  45,  pi.  7, 
fig.  12.     Eocene. 

Surcula  occidcntalis  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  106,  pi.  16,  figs.  7-10.    Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 

Surcula  thompsoni  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  107,  pi.  17,  figs.  1,  2.    Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 

Sycum  americanum  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  101,  pi.  14,  fig.  4.    Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 

Telescopium  peruvianum  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  91,  pi.  11,  figs.  13,  14.     Lobitos  Formation,  Eocene. 

Terebra  gausapata  var.  herviderana  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  35,  pi.  1,  fig.  1.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Terebra  nelsoni  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  name. 

Myurella  tuberosa  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 

Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  193,  not  fig'd. 

Terebra  tuberosa  (Nelson),  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 

Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 

p.  36,  pi.  1,  fig.  2.    Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Not   Terebra   tuberosa   Hinds,   Proc.   Zool.   Soc.   London,   1843,   p. 

152. 


5^  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Terebra  tuberosa  (Nelson).  See  Tercbra  nelsoni  Hanna  &  Israelsky, 
new  name. 

Tritonhim  pernodosum  Gabb,  Amer.  Journ.  Conch.,  Vol.  5,  1869,  p.  26, 
Tertiary,  Payta,  Peru. — Gabb,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  Ser.  2, 
Vol.  8,  1878,  p.  264,  pi.  35,  fig.  2. 

Triumphis  solida  (Nelson),  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p. 
49,  pi.  2,  fig.  3.  Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene.  [Loc.  328, 
C.A.S.  coll.] 

Clavella  solida  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol. 
2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  199,  not  figured.     Zorritos,  Peru. 
Pyrula  roseta  Grzybowski,   Neues  Jahrb.  Min.  Geol.   Pal.  Bl.  Bd. 
12,  1899,  p.  648,  pi.  19,  fig.  6.    Zorritos  Formation. 

Turbo  belli  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns 
Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  91,  pi.  4,  fig.  11. 
Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Collopoma  lineatum  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  187,  pi.  6,  fig.  2.     Zorritos,  Peru. 
Not  Turbo  lineatus  Da  Costa,  Brit.  Conch.  1778,  p.  100. 

Turbo  belli  var.  cequifilicatum  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  92,  pi.  4,  fig.  12.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Turritella  sp.  cf.  altilira  Conrad,  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  North- 
western Peru,  1922,  p.  110,  pi.  19,  figs.  2-4.  Zorritos  Formation, 
Miocene. 

Turritella  altilira  Conrad,  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Forma- 
tion, Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  59, 
pi.  2,  fig.  12.  Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene.  [Loc.  856, 
C.A.S.  coll.] 

Turritella  altilirata  Conrad,  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol. 
Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  645,  pi.  20,  fig.  7.  (Spelled  altilirata  after 
Gabb,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1877,  p.  341,  pi.  44,  figs.  9,  9a.) 
Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene.     [See  Turritella  altilira  Conrad.] 

Turritella  alttirana  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation, 
Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  62,  pi.  2, 
fig.  13  (reads  3  in  text).     Horizon  unknown. 

Turritella  plana  Nelson,   Trans.    Conn.   Acad.   Arts   and    Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  188,  not  fig'd.     Zorritos,  Peru. 
Not  Turritella  plana,  McCoy  or  Brinkhorst,  1861. 

Turritella  anceps  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  81,  pi.  8,  figs.  12,  13;  pi.  9,  figs.  1,  2.  Negritos  Formation, 
Eocene.     [Loc.  856,  CA.S.  coll.] 

Turritella  annectens  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwest  Peru, 
1922,  p.  81,  pi.  9,  figs.  3,  4.  Negritos  and  Lobitos  Formations, 
Eocene. 


Vol.  XIV]    HANNA  AND  ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY  OF  PERU  57 

Turritella  bifastigata  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  189,  not  fig'd.  Zorritos,  Peru.— Spieker, 
Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ. 
Studies  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  63,  pi.  3,  fig.  1.  Upper  Zorritos 
Formation,  Miocene.     [Loc.  329,  C.A.S.  coll.] 

Turritella  hosworthi  Woods,  in  Boswqrth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  80,  pi.  8,  figs.  8-10.  Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 
[Loc.  855,  C.A.S.  coll.] 

Turritella  clwrana  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation, 
Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  86,  pi.  4, 
fig.  7.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene.    [Loc.  338,  CA.S.  coll.] 

Turritella  cochleiformis  Gabb,  Amer.  Journ.  Conch.,  Vol.  5,  1869,  p.  29, 
Payta,  Peru,  Tertiary. — Gabb,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  Ser. 
2,  Vol.  8,  1878,  p.  264,  pi.  35,  figs.  7,  7a.    [Loc.  555,  C.A.S.  coll.] 

Turritella  conquistadorana  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species,  this  paper, 
p.  41,  pi.  7,  fig.  5,  Eocene. 

Turritella  dickersoni  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  79,  pi.  8,  figs.  6,  7.  Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 
[Loc.  850,  CA.S.  coll.] 

Turritella  douuillei  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  80,  pi.  8,  fig.  11.    Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 

Turritella  (Haustator)  filicincta  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch  Min.  Geol. 
Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12,  p.  645,  pi.  20,  fig.  2.  Heath  Formation,  Miocene.— 
Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins 
Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  65,  pi.  3,  fig.  2.  Lower 
Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Turritella  filicincta  var.  varicosta  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  66,  pi.  3,  fig.  3.  Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene.  [Locs. 
328,  556,  CA.S.  coll.] 

Turritella  (Haustator)  gabhiana  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrb.  Min.  Geol. 
Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  646,  pi.  20,  fig.  11.  Zorritos  Formation, 
Miocene. 

Turritella  gothica  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd. 
12,  1899,  p.  645,  pi.  20,  fig.  10.  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. — 
Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru,  1922,  p.  110. 
Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene.     [Loc.  329,  C.A.S.  coll.] 

Turritella  inca  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jarhb.  Min  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12,  p. 
644,  pi.  20,  fig.  1.  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. — Spieker,  Paleon- 
tology of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in 
Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  7d.  Upper  Zorritos  or  Variegated  Forma-" 
tion,  Miocene. 

Turritella  inca  var.  trita  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Forma- 
tion, Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  73, 
pi.  3,  fig.  4.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

July  21,  1925 


58  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser, 

Turritella  inconspicua  Grzybowski.     See    Turritella  prenuncia   var.   in- 

conspicua  Grzy. 
Turritella  infracarinata  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl. 

Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  643,  pi.  20,  fig.  5.     Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. — 

Spieker,   Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins 

Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  79,  pi.  3,  figs.  9,  10.   Upper 

Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene.      [Loc.  ZZZ,   C.A.S.  coll.] 
Not   Turritella  infracarinata  Grzybowski,  Woods,   in  Bosworth, 

Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru,  1922,  p.  109,  pi.  18,  figs.  2,  3.     See 

T.  nelsoni  Spieker. 
Turritella  infracarinata  var.  sorritoensis   Spieker,    Paleontology   of   the 

Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No. 

3,  1922,  p.  80,  pi.  3,  fig.  11.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 
Turritella  lissoni  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern   Peru, 

1922,  p.  79,  pi.  8,  figs.  4,  5.    Negritos  Formation,  Eocene. 
Turritella  negritosensis  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of   Northwestern 

Peru,  1922,  p.  78,  pi.  7,  figs.  5-7;  pi.  8,  figs.  1-3.    Negritos  Formation, 

Eocene.     [Locs.  345,  861,  C.A.S.  coll.] 
Turritella  nelsoni  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns 

Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,   1922,  p.  74,  pi.  3,  figs. 

5,  6.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene.     [Locs.  328,  336,  C.A.S. 

coll.] 

Turitella  suturalis  Nelson  (in  part).  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and 

Sciences,  Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  188,  not  figured.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Turritella  infracarinata  Grzybowski,  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology 

of    Northwestern    Peru,    1922,   p.    109,   pi.    18,    figs.   2,   3.     Zorritos 

Formation,  Miocene. 
Turritella  nelsoni  var.  rotundata  Grzybowski,   Spieker,  Paleontology  of 

the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology, 

No.  3,  1922,  p.  77,  pi.  3,  fig.  7.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Turritella  rotundata  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrb.  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  BI. 

Bd.  12,  p.  643,  pi.  20,  fig.  6.     Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Turritella  suturalis  Nelson  (in  part),  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and 

Sciences,  Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  188. 
Turritella  nelsoni  var.  trullissatia  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 

Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 

p.  78,  pi.  3,  fig.  8.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 
Turritella  prenuncia   Spieker,    Paleontology   of   the   Zorritos    Formation, 

Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  p.  81,  pi.  4,  figs. 

1-3.     Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene.     [Loc.  331,  C.A.S.  coll.] 
Turritella  prenuncia  var.  inconspicua  Grzybowski,  Spieker,  Paleontology 

of    the    Zorritos    Formation,    Johns    Hopkins    Univ.    Studies    in 

Geology,    No.   3,    1922,   p.   83,   pi.   4,    fig.   4.     Zorritos    Formation, 

Miocene. 

Turritella    inconspicua    Grzybowski,    Neues    Jahrbuch    Min.    Geol. 

Pal.   Bl.   Bd.    12,   1899,   p.   644,   pi.   20,  fig.  4,   Zorritos    Formation, 

Miocene.  v 


Vol.  XIV]     HANNA  AND  ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY  OF  PERU  59 

Turritella  (Haiustator)  robusta  Grzybowski.  See  Turritella  supraconcava 
Hanna  &  IsRAELSKY,  ncw  name. 

Turritella  robusta  var.  abrupta  Spieker.  See  Turritella  supraconcava  var. 
abrupta  Spieker. 

Turritella  rotundata  Grzybowski.  See  Turritella  nelsoni  var.  rotundata 
Grzybowski. 

Turritella  supraconcava  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  name.  [Loc.  555,  C.A.S. 
coll.] 

Turritella  (Haustator)  robusta  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min. 
Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  646,  pi.  20,  fig.  3.  Zorritos  Formation, 
Miocene. — Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns 
Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  84,  pi.  4,  fig.  5. 
Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene.  Turritella,  sp.  ind.  Nelson, 
Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  190, 
not  fig'd.  Zorritos. — Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  North- 
western Peru,  1922,  p.  110,  pi.  18,  fig.  4,  pi.  19,  fig.  1.  Zorritos 
Formation,  Miocene.     [Loc.  555,  C.A.S.  coll.]. 

Not  Turritella  robusta  Gabb,  Geol.  Surv.  Calif.  Vol.  1,  1864,  p.  135, 
pi.  21,  fig.  94.     Cretaceous,  California. 

Turritella  supraconcava  var.  abrupta  Spieker. 

Turritella  robusta  var.  abrupta  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorri- 
tos Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3, 
1922,  p.  85,  pi.  4,  fig.  6.    Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Turritella  suturalis  Nelson.  See  Turritella  nelsoni  Spieker  and  Turri- 
tella nelsoni  var.  rotundata  Grzybowski. 

Turritella  tricarinata  Brocchi,  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol. 
Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  644.  Ovibo  Formation,  Oligocene.  (This 
name  was  applied  to  a  European  fossil  by  Brocchi.) 

Turritella  sp.  ind.  Nelson.  See  Turritella  supraconcava  Hanna  & 
Israelsky,  new  name. 

Tympanotonus  lagunitensis  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  North- 
western Peru,  1922,  p.  90,  pi.  11,  figs.  10-12.  Lobitos  Formation, 
Eocene. 

Uvanilla,  sp.  ind..  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  2, 
pt.  1,  1870,  p.  187,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Vermetus,  sp.  ind..  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol. 
2,  pt.  1,  1870,  188,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos. 

Volutilithes  plicifera  Gabb,  Amer.  Journ.  Conch.,  Vol.  5,  1869,  p.  28,  Ter- 
tiary, Payta,  Peru. — Gabb,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  Ser.  2, 
Vol.  8,  1878,  p.  264,  pi.  35,  fig.  6  (Volutoderma). 

V olutospina  crassiuscula  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  104,  pi.  15,  figs.  6,  7;  pi.  16,  fig.  1.  Negritos  Formation, 
Eocene. 

Volutospina  meridionalis  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  105,  pi.  16,  fig.  2.  Negritos  and  Lower  Lobitos  Forma- 
tions, Eocene. 


5Q  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser, 

Volutospina  peruviana  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  101,  pi.  14,  figs.  5-7;  pi.  15,  figs.  1-5.  Negritos  and 
Lobitos  Formations,  Eocene.     [Loc.  850,  C.A.S.  coll.] 


Pelecypoda 

Amiantis  incrassata  var.  ovoidalis  Sacco,  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the 
Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No. 
3,  1922,  p.  146,  pi.  9,  fig.  5.    Zorritos  Formation?,  Miocene. 

Anomia  berryi  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns 
Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  127,  pi.  7,  figs. 
6,  7.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Anomia,  sp.  ind..  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  2, 
pt.  1,  1870,  p.  206,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Area  (Scapharca)  charanensis  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  109,  pi.  5,  fig.  15.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Area  (Noetia)  eholana  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation, 
Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  95,  pi.  5, 
figs.  2,  3.    Variegated  (near  base)  Formation,  Miocene. 

Area  (Scapharca)  erescetis  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Forma- 
tion, Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  116, 
pi.  6,  figs.  3,  4.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Area  (Scapharca)  fissicosta  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  102,  pi.  5,  fig.  11.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Area  (Scapharca)  hispaniolana  Maury (?),  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the 
Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No. 
3,  p.  110.     Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Area    (Scapharca)    imporcata    Spieker,    Paleontology    of    the    Zorritos 

Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 

p.  113,  pi.  5,  figs.  19,  20.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Area  larkinii   Nelson,   Grzybowski,    Neues   Jahrbuch,    Min.   Greol. 

Pal.,  Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  633. 
Area  larkinii  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  2,  pt. 

1,  1870,  p.  204,  pi.  7,  figs.  5,  6,  7.     Zorritos,  Peru.     [Locs.  329,  338, 

341,  346,  C.A.S.  coll.] 

Area   (Scapharca)   larkinii  Nelson,   Spieker,   Paleontology  of  the 

Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No. 

3,  1922,  p.  Ill,  pi.  5,  figs.  16-18.     Horizon  not  known. 

Not    Area    larkinii    Nelson,    Grzybowski.      See    Area    imporcata 

Spieker. 
Area    (Noetia)    modcsta   Grzybowski.      See   Area  retraetata   Hanna   & 

Israelsky,  new  name.    Zorritos  Formation. 


Vol.  XIV]     HANNA  AND  ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY  OF  PERU  61 

Area  (Anadara)  nelsoni  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation, 
Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  119,  pi. 
6,  figs.  7,  8.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Area  obesiforniis  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd. 
12,  1899,  p.  633,  pi.  18,  figs.  3,  3a.  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 
Area  (Scapharca)  obesiforniis  Grzybowski,  Spieker,  Paleontology 
of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in 
Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  115,  pi.  6,  figs.  1,  2.  Upper  Zorritos  Forma- 
tion, Miocene. 

Area  (Scapharca)  pantheonensis  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  99,  pi.  5,  figs.  8,  9.    Variegated  Formation,  Miocene. 

Area  raimondii  Gabb,  Amer.  Journ.  Conch.,  Vol.  5,  1869,  p.  31,  Tertiary, 
Payta,  Peru. — Gabb,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  Ser.  2,  Vol.  8, 
1876,  p.  264,  pi.  35,  figs.  10,  10a. 

Area  retractata  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  name.  [Loc.  328,  C.A.S.  coll.] 
Area  (Noetia)  modesta  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol. 
Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  635,  pi.  18,  figs.  4,  4a.  Zorritos  Formation, 
Miocene. 

Not  Area  modesta  Winchell,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1863, 
p.  15. 

Area  reversa  Gray,  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl, 
Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  634,  pi.  17,  figs.  1,  la.     Payta  Formation,  Pliocene. 

Area  septifera  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12, 
1899,  p.  633,  pi.  18,  figs.  2,  2a.  Zorritos  Formation,  Peru. 
Area  (Anadara)  septifera  Grzybowski,  Spieker,  Paleontology  of 
the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geologfy, 
No.  3,  1922,  p.  117,  pi.  6,  figs.  5,  6.  Upper  Zorritos  Formation, 
Miocene. 

Area  (Scapharca)  singewaldi  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  p. 
103,  pi.  5,  figs.  12,  13.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Area  (Scapharca)  singewaldi  var.  doma  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zor- 
ritos Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3, 
1922,  p.  106.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Area  (Anadara)  toroensis  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Forma- 
tion, Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  121, 
pi.  6,  figs.  9,  10;  pi.  7,  fig.  1.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Area  (Anadara)  toroensis  var.  erassa  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zor- 
ritos Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3, 
1922,  p.  124,  pi.  7,  fig.  2.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Area  (Anadara)  toroensis  var.  prolata  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zor- 
ritos Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3, 
1922,  p.  125,  pi.  7,  fig.  3.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 


52  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Area  valdiviana  Philippi,  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal. 
Bl.  Bd.  12,  p.  632,  pi.  18,  figs.  1,  la.    Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Area  (Seapharca)  vanholsti  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Forma- 
tion, Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  106, 
pi.  5,  fig.  14.     Lower  Zorritos  (base)  Formation,  Miocene. 

Area  (Seapharca)  zapotalensis  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  101,  pi.  5,  fig.  10.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Area  (Cunearca)  zorritensis  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Forma- 
tion, Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  96, 
pi.  5,  figs.  4,  5.    Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Seapharca,  sp.  ind.  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  1870,  p.  205,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Not    Scaphairca    zorritoensis    Woods,    in    Bosworth,    Geology    of 
Northwestern  Peru,  1922,  p.  112,  pi.  18,  fig.  5. 

Area  (Cunearca)  sp.  ind.  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Forma- 
tion, Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  98, 
pi.  5,  figs.  6-7.    Variegated  Formation,  Miocene. 

Axincea  paytensis  d'Orbigny,  Gabb.  See  Glycymeris  paytensis  (d'Orb.) 
Gabb. 

Barbatia  sp.  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru,  1922, 
p.  62,  pi.  1,  fig.  4.    Negritos,  Eocene. 

Callista  (Macroeallista)  dickersoni  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of 
Northwestern  Peru,  1922,  p.  71,  pi.  4,  fig.  6.    Negritos,  Eocene. 

Cardium  affinis  Nelson.  See  Cardium  spiekeri  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new 
name. 

Cardium  (Trachycardium)  peruvianum  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zor- 
ritos Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3, 
1922,  p.  135,  pi.  8,  fig.  1.     Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 
Cardium,  sp.  ind..  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  203,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Cardium  pertenue  Gabb,  Amer.  Journ.  Conch.,  Vol.  5,  1869,  p.  30.  Ter- 
tiary, Payta,  Peru.  (Subgenus  Lcevieardium). — Gabb,  Journ.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  Ser.  2,  Vol.  8,  1878,  p.  264,  pi.  35,  figs.  9,  9a. 

Cardium  proeurvatum  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl. 
Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  638,  pi.  17,  figs.  2,  2a.     Talara  Formation,  Miocene. 

Cardium  spiekeri  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  name. 

Cardium  (Trigoniocardia)  affinis  (Nelson),  Spieker,  Paleontology 

of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology, 

No.  3,   1922,  p.   136,   pi.  8,  figs.  2,  3.     Lower  Zorritos   Formation, 

Miocene. 

Hemieardia  affinis  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 

Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  204,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Not  Cardium  affine  von  Munster,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.,  1835,  p. 

438. 


Vol.  XIV]     HANNA  ANb  ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY  OF  PERU  53 

Cardium  subaucanum  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd. 
12,  1899,  p.  637,  not  fig'd.    Heath  Formation,  Miocene. 

Cardium  tcnuimargo  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl. 
Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  638,  pi.  17,  fig.  13.    Heath  Formation,  Miocene. 

Cardium  (Trachycardium)  zorritcnsis  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zor- 
ritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3, 
1922,  p.  134,  pi.  7,  fig.  12.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Chione  (Chione)  angelana  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Forma- 
tion, Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  152, 
pi.  9,  figs.  10,  11.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 
Chione  sp.  ind.,  B,  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  203,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Chione  (Lirophora)  hendersonii  Dall,  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zor-^ 
ritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3, 
1922,  p.  154.  Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene.  [Loc.  859,  C.A.S. 
coll.] 

Chione  (Liroplwra)  latilirata  (Conrad),  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the 
Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No. 
3,  1922,  p.  155.     Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Chione  (Chione)  propinqua  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Forma- 
tion, Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  152, 
pi.  9,  fig.  12.     Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Chione  sechuntana  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  this  paper,  p.  47,  pi.  7,  fig.  2. 
Zorritos. 

Chione  variabilis  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  2, 
pt.  1,  1870,  p.  202,  not  fig'd.  Zorritos,  Peru. — Spieker,  Paleontology 
of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology, 
No.  3,  1922,  p.  150,  pi.  9,  figs.  8,  9.  Upper  Zorritos  Formation, 
Miocene. 

Chione,  sp.  ind^  A,  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol. 

2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  202,  not  fig'd.     Zorritos,  Peru. 
Chione,  sp.  ind.  B,  Nelson.    See  Chione  (Chione)  angelana  Spieker. 
dementia    dariena    (Conrad),    Spieker,    Paleontology    of    the    Zorritos 

Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 

p.  141,  pi.  8,  fig.  5.    Lower  and  Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

[Loc.  338,  C.A.S.  coll.] 

fHarvella,  sp.  ind.  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 

Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  201,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 
dementia  sp.,  cf.  dariena   (Conrad),  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of 

Northwestern  Peru,  1922,  p.  113,  pi.  20,  fig.  4.    Zorritos  Formation, 

Miocene. 

Corbula  (Cuneocorbula)  acutirostra  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  176,  pi.  10,  figs.  18,  19.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 


54  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Corbula  arnoldi  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  74,  pi.  5,  figs.  7,  8.    Negritos,  Eocene. 

Corbula  bradleyi  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  2, 
pt.  1,  1870,  p.  200,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Corbula  (Albidis)  bradleyi  Nelson,  Spieker,  Paleontologfy  of  the 
Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3, 
p.  171,  pi.  10,  figs.  13,  14.    Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Corbula  (Cuneo corbula)  bravoan-a  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  174,  pi.  10,  fig.  17.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Corbula  (Cuneocorbula)  fabiformis  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  172,  pi.  10,  fig.  15.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Corbula  lanceolata  Grzybowski.  See  Corbula  talarana  Hanna  &  Israel- 
sky,  new  name. 

Corbula  parinasensis  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  75,  pi.  6,  figs.  2,  3.    Negritos,  Eocene. 

Corbula  peruviana  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  73,  pi.  5,  figs.  4,  5.    Negritos,  Eocene. 

Corbula  (Aloidis)  prenuncia  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  172,  pi.  10,  fig.  12.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Corbula  (Cuneocorbula)  propinqua  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins,  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  p.  174, 
pi.  10,  fig.  16.    Variegated  Formation,  Miocene. 

Corbula  talarana  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  name. 

Corbula  lanceolata  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal. 
Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  641,  pi.  17,  fig.  4.  Talara  Formation,  Miocene. 
Not  Corbula  lanceolata  Geinitz,  Charac.  Schichten  Saech. — 
boehm.  Kreide  geb.  1843  (1842),  p.  12,  pi.  2,  fig.  3.=Atiatina. 

Corbula  waringi  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  74,  pi.  5,  fig.  6.    Negritos,  Eocene. 

Corbula  woodsi  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  this  paper,  p.  47,  pi.  7,  fig.  4. 
Eocene. 

Corbula,  sp.  ind.  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  2, 
pt.  1,  1870,  p.  200,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Crassatellites  (Scambula)  bcrryi  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  131,  pi.  7,  figs.  9,  10.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Crassatellites  charanensis  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  112,  pi.  19,  fig.  6;  pi.  20,  figs.  1-3.  Zorritos  Forma- 
tion, Miocene. 


Vol.  XIV]     HANNA  AND  ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY  OF  PERU  55 

Crassatcllites  gibbosa  (Sowerby),  Nelson.  See  Crassatellites  (Scambula) 
nelsoni  (Grzybowski). 

Crassatellites  (Scambula)  nelsoni  (Grzybowski),  Spieker,  Paleontology 
of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology, 
No.  3,  1922,  p.  128,  pi.  7,  fig.  8.  Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 
[Loc.  858,  C.A.S.  coll.] 

Crassatella  gibbosa  Sowerby,  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and 
Sciences,  Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  203,  pi.  7,  fig.  9.    Zorritos,  Peru. 
Venus  nelsoni  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd. 
12,  1899,  p.  639,  pi.  19,  figs.  2,  2a.    Heath  Formation,  Miocene, 

Crassatellites  pizarroi  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  this  paper,  p.  46,  pi.  7,  fig.  1. 
Zorritos. 

Cytherea  affinis  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd. 
12,  p.  639,  not  figured.  Heath  Formation,  Miocene.  This  species, 
being  unfigured,  can  probably  not  be  recognized  without  access  to 
the  original  specimens ;  the  name  is  therefore  not  replaced  herein, 
although  it  is  preoccupied  by  Cytherea  affinis  Dujardin,  Mem.  Soc. 
Geol.  France,  Vol.  2,  ser.  2,  1837,  p.  260. 

Cytherea  planivieta  Guppy,  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol. 
Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  639,  pi.  19,  fig.  3.  Heath  Formation, 
Miocene. 

Dactylina  chiloensis  Molina,  Gabb,  Amer.  Journ.  Conch.  Vol.  5,  1869, 
p.  29.    Tertiary,  Payta,  Peru. 

Dosinia  (Dosinidea)  delicatissima  Brown  &  Pilsbry,  Spieker,  Paleon- 
tology of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in 
Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  140,  not  fig'd.  Lower  Zorritos  Formation, 
Miocene. 

Dosinia  grandis  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  2, 
pt.  1,  1870,  p.  201,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos  Peru. 

Dosinia  (Dosinidea)  grandis  Nelson,  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zor- 
ritos Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3, 
1922,  p.  138,  pi.  8,  fig.  4.    Variegated  Formation,  Miocene. 

Dosinia  lenticula  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd. 
12,  1899,  p.  639,  pi.  17,  fig.  11.    Heath  Formation,  Miocene. 

Glycymeris  paytensis  (d'Orbigny). 

Axincea  paytensis  d'Orbigny,   Gabb,   Amer.  Journ.   Conch.   Vol.   5, 
1869,  p.  31.    Payta,  Peru,  Tertiary. 

Pectunculus  paytensis  (d'Orbigny),  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch, 
Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  635.    Payta  Formation,  Pliocene. 

THarvella,  sp.  ind.  Nelson.    See  dementia  dariena  (Conr.). 

Hemicardia  affinis  Nelson.  See  Cardium  spiekeri  Hanna  &  Israelsky, 
new  name. 


^g  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Labiosa  (Rceta)  gabbi  Pilsbry  &  Johnson,  Spieker,  Paleontology  of 
the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology, 
No.  3,  1922,  p.  168,  pi.  10,  fig.  10.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  1922. 

Labiosa  (Rata)  ventricosa  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Forma- 
tion, Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geol.,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  169,  pi. 
10,  fig.  11.    Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Leda  acuminata  Nelson.    See  Leda  peruviana  Dall. 

Leda  acutisinuata  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd. 
12,  1899,  p.  632,  pi.  17,  figs.  12,  12a.     Heath  Formation,  Miocene. 

Leda  ingens  Woods,  in  Bosw^orth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru,  1922, 
p.  61,  pi.  1,  figs.  1-3.    Negritos,  Eocene. 

Leda  peruviana  Dall,  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation, 
Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  93,  pi.  5, 
fig.  1.     Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Leda  acuminata  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  205,  pi.  7,  fig.  8.  Zorritos,  Peru.  [Name  pre- 
occupied.] 

Lucina  paytensis  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  70,  pi.  4,  fig.  5.    Lobitos,  Eocene.     [Loc.  555,  C.A.S.  coll.] 

Lucina  prosoptcra  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd. 
12,  1899,  p.  636,  pi.  17,  fig.  16.    Heath  Formation,  Miocene. 

Lucina  pulchella  Grzybowski.  See  Lucina  talarana  Hanna  &  Israelsky, 
new  name. 

Lucina  talarana  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  name. 

Lucina  pulchella  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl. 
Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  637,  pi.  17,  fig.  15,  Talara  Formation,  Miocene. 
Not  Lucina  pulchella  Agassiz,   Icon.   des.   Coq.  Tert.   1845,  p.  64; 
new  name  for  L.  divaricata  Lamarck,  (not  Linnaeus). 

Lutraria  hortensia  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd. 
12,  1899,  p.  641,  pi.  19,  fig.  4.    Heath  Formation,  Miocene. 

Lutraria  vctula  Philippi,  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal. 
Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  641.    Heath  Formation,  Miocene. 

Macrocallista  helcna  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation, 
Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  145,  pi.  9, 
figs.  3,  4.     Variegated  Formation,  Miocene. 

Macrocallista  cavachana  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  this  paper,  p.  47,  pi.  7, 
fig.  3.  Eocene. 

Macrocallista  dickersoni  Woods.    See  under  Callista. 

Mactra  sorritensis  Nelson.    See  Mulinia  sorritensis  (Nelson). 

Mactra,  sp.  ind.  Nelson.    See  Mulinia  sorritensis  (Nelson). 

Meretrix  bosworthi  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  72,  pi.  5,  fig.  1.    Negritos,  Eocene. 


Vol.  XIV]     HANNA  Ahu  ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY  OF  PERU  57 

Meretrix  negritosensis  Woods,  in  Bos  worth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  72,  pi.  5,  fig.  2;  pi.  6,  fig.  1.  Negritos,  Eosene. 
[Loc.  328,  C.A.S.,  coll.] 

Mulinia    zorritcnsis    (Nelson),    Spieker,    Paleontology    of    the    Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,   1922, 
p.  165,  pi.  10,  figs.  8,  9.    Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 
Mactra  zorritensis  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  201,  not  fig'd. 

Mactra  sp.  ind.  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol. 
2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  201,  not  fig'd. 

Mytilus  euglyphus  Woods,  in  Bos  worth.  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  63,  pi.  1,  figs.  6,  7.    Negritos,  Eocene. 

Mytilus  ungulatus  Linn^us,  Gabb,  Amer.  Journ.  Conch.  Vol.  5,  1869,  p. 

31.  Tertiary,  Payta,  Peru.     (A  living  species  of  the  Chilian  coast.) 

Niicula  araucana  Philippi,  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal. 
Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  631.    Talara  Formation,  Miocene. 

Nucula  minuscula  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd. 
12,  1899,  p.  632,  pi.  17,  fig.  10.    Talara  Formation,  Miocene. 

Ostrea  buski  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru,  1922, 
p.  65,  pi.  2,  figs.  3,  4.    Negritos,  Eocene.     [Loc.  346,  C.A.S.  coll.] 

Ostrea  gallus  Valenciennes,  Gabb,  Amer.  Journ.  Conch.  Vol.  5,  1869,  p. 

32.  Tertiary,  Payta,  Peru. 

Ostrea  inca  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru,  1922, 
p.  64,  pi.  1,  fig.  9;  pi.  2,  figs.  1,  2.    Negritos,  Eocene. 

Ostrea  iridescens  Gray,  Gabb,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  Ser.  2,  Vol. 
8,  1878,  p.  264.    Tertiary,  Payta,  Peru. 

Ostrea  latiareata  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd. 
12,  1899,  p.  630,  pi.  17,  fig.  6.    Heath  Formation,  Miocene. 

Ostrea  lunaris  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12, 
p.  630,  pi.  17,  fig.  5.    Payta  Formation,  Pliocene. 

Ostrea  oculata  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd. 
12,  1899,  p.  629,  pi.  17,  fig.  3.  Payta  Formation,  Pliocene  [Loc.  346, 
C.A.S.] 

Ostrea  sculpta  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12, 
1899,  p.  631,  pi.  17,  figs.  8,  8a.    Heath  Formation,  Miocene. 

Ostrea,,  sp.  ind.  A,  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  2, 
pt.  1,  1870,  p.  205,  not  fig'd.     Zorritos,  Peru. 

Ostrea,  sp.  ind.  B,  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  2, 
pt.  1,  1870,  p.  206,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Ostrea,  sp.  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru,  1922, 
p.  65,  pi.  2,  fig.  5.    Negritos,  Eocene. 

Panopcea,  sp.  ind.  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  2, 
pt.  1,  1870,  p.  200,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 


^g  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Pecten  densicincttis  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd. 
12,  1899,  p.  628,  pi.  17,  fig.  12.    Payta  Formation,  Pliocene. 

Pecten  incus  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  name.  [Locs.  329,  341,  C.A.S. 
coll.] 

Pecten  intercostatus  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal, 
Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  629,  pi.  17,  fig.  9.  Payta  Formation,  Pliocene. 
Not  Pecten  intercostatus  Griffith,  Syn.  Char.  Carb.  Limestone 
Foss,  Ireland,  1844,  p.  95,  pi.  18,  fig.  4. 

Pecten  intercostatus  Grzybowski.  See  Pecten  incus  Hanna  &  Israelsky, 
new  name. 

Pecten  paytensis  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd. 
Vol.  12,  1899,  p.  628,  pi.  17,  fig.  7.    Payta  Formation,  Pliocene. 

Pecten  purpuratus  Lamarck,  Gabb,  Amer.  Journ.  Conch.,  Vol.  5,  1869, 
p.  32.     Tertiary,  Payta,  Peru. 

Pecten  woodringi  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns 
Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  125,  pi.  7,  figs. 
4,  5.    Upper  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Pecten,  sp.  ind.,  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  205,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Pectunculus  paytensis  (d'Orbigny),  Grzybowski.  See  Glycymeris  pay- 
tensis. 

Perna  arbolensis  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 
1922,  p.  65,  pi.  3,  fig.  1.    Negritos  and  Lobitos,  Eocene. 

Phacoides  (Pseudomiltha?)  insleyi  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  132,  pi.  7,  fig.  11.    Lower  Zorritos,  Miocene. 

Pholas,  sp.  ind.  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  2, 
pt.  1,  1870,  p.  200,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Pitaria   (Lamelliconcha)   cora  var.  cequicincta  Spieker,   Paleontology   of 

the  Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology, 

No.  3,  1922,  p.  149,  pi.  9,  figs.  6,  7.  Upper  Zorritos  Formation, 
Miocene. 

Pitaria  (Lamelliconcha)  planivieta  (Guppy),  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the 
Zorritos  Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No. 
3,  1922,  p.  147,  pi.  10,  fig.  6.    Lower  Zorritos,  Variegated,  Miocene, 

Psammobia  darzmni  Phillipi,  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol. 
Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  640,  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene, 

Rceta  gibbosa  Gabb,  Amer,  Journ.  Conch.,  Vol.  5,  1869,  p.  30.  Tertiary, 
Payta,  Peru. — Gabb,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  Ser.  2,  Vol.  8, 
1878,  p.  264,  pi.  35,  figs.  8,  8a. — Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min. 
Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12,  p.  640,  Payta  Formation,  Pliocene. 

Scapharca  (Argina)  sullanensis  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  North- 
western Peru,  1922,  p.  62,  pi.  1,  fig.  5.    Lobitos,  Eocene. 


Vol.  XIV]     HANNA  AND  ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY  OF  PERU  (/) 

Scapharca  zorritosensis  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  p.  112,  pi.  18,  fig.  5.  Zorritos,  Miocene.  [The  spelling  of  the 
specific  name  diflfers  from  Spieker's  Area  sorritensis.  Loc.  346, 
C.A.S.  coll.] 

Scapharca  sp.  ind.  Nelson.    See  Area  sorritensis  Spieker. 

Semele  solida  Gray,  Gabb,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  Ser.  2,  Vol.  8, 
1878,  p.  264.    Tertiary,  Payta,  Peru. 

Solecurtus  (Pharella)  planifolliculus  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zor- 
ritos Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3, 
1922,  p.  163,  pi.  10,  fig.  7.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Solen  micro sulcatus  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd. 
12,  1899,  pi.  640,  pi.  18,  fig.  S.    Ovibio  Formation,  Oligocene. 

Strigilla  prora  Hanley,  Gabb,  Amer.  Journ.  Conch.  Vol.  5,  1869,  p.  30. 
Tertiary,  Payta,  Peru. 

Tagelus  gibbus  (Spengler),  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Forma-* 
tion,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  162. 
Zorritos  (?)  Formation,  Miocene. 

Solecurtus,  sp.  ind.  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  200,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Tellina  (Eurytellina)  ceqiiicinctOi  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
pi.  158,  pi.  10,  fig.  3.    Lower  to  Upper  Zorritos,  Miocene. 

Tellina   (Angulus)  pressa  Dall,   Spieker,   Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922, 
p.  159,  pi.  10,  fig.  4.    Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 
Tellina,  sp.  ind.  B,  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  201,  not  fig'd.     Zorritos,  Peru. 

Tellina  (Angulus?)  singezmldi  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos 
Formation,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922. 
p.  161,  pi.  10,  fig.  5.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Tellina  sapotalensis  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation, 
Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  156,  pi. 
10,  figs.  1,  2.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Tellina,  sp.  ind.  A,  Nelson,  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol. 
2,  pt.  1,  1870,  p.  201,  not  fig'd.    Zorritos,  Peru. 

Tellina,  sp.  ind.  B,  Nelson.    See  Tellina  (Angulus)  pressa  Dall. 

Transenella  herviderana  Spieker,  Paleontology  of  the  Zorritos  Formation, 
Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Studies  in  Geology,  No.  3,  1922,  p.  143,  pi.  9, 
figs.  1,  2.    Lower  Zorritos  Formation,  Miocene. 

Venericardia  clavidens  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal. 
Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  636,  pi.  19,  figs.  1,  la.  Zorritos,  Miocene.  [Locs. 
346,  555,  G.A.S.  coll.] 


yQ  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Venericardia   planicosta    Lamarck,    Woods,    in    Bosworth,    Geology    of 

Northwestern   Peru,   1922,   p.  66,  pi.  3,   figs.  2,   3;  pi.  4,  figs.   1-3. 

Negritos  and  Lobitos,  Eocene. 
Venus    (Chione)    columhensis    Sowerby,    Grzybowski,    Neues    Jahrbuch, 

Min.  Geol.  Pal.  Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  639.    Payta  Formation,  Pliocene. 
Venus  mimsteri  d'Orbigny,  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal. 

Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  638.    Heath  Formation,  Miocene. 

Venus  nelsoni  Grzybowski.  See  Crassatellites  (Scambula)  nelsoni  (Grzy- 
bowski). 

Venus  saginata  Philippi,  Grzybowski,  Neues  Jahrbuch,  Min.  Geol.  Pal. 
Bl.  Bd.  12,  1899,  p.  638,  Payta  Formation,  Pliocene. 


Crustacea 

Callianassa  parinasensis  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 

Peru,  1922,  p.  114,  pi.  17,  fig.  4.    Lobitos,  Eocene. 
Callianassa  americana  Woods,   in   Bosworth,   Geology  of   Northwestern 

Peru,   1922,   p.   115,  pi.   17,   figs.   5,  6.     Negritos,  possibly   Lobitos, 

Eocene. 
Thaumastoplax  eocenica  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 

Peru,  1922,  p.  117,  pi.  17,  fig.  11.    Negritos,  Eocene. 
Xanthopsis  errans  Woods,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru, 

1922,  p.  115,  pi.  17,  figs.  7-10.    Negritos,  Eocene. 


ECHINOIDEA 

Echinocyamus  intermedius  Hawkins,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of   North- 
western Peru,  1922,  p.  120,  text  fig.  25.    Lobitos,  Eocene. 


COELENTERATA 

Dendrophyllia  peruviana  Vaughan,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  North- 
western Peru,  1922,  p.  134,  pi.  23,  fig.  3.    Negritos,  Eocene. 

Haimesistrcea  distans  Vaughan,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  132,  pi.  22,  fig.  5.    Negritos,  Eocene. 

HaimesiastrcEa  humilis  Vaughan,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  131,  pi.  22,  figs.  3,  4.    Negritos.  Eocene. 

Haimesiastrcea  peruviana  Vaughan,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  North- 
western Peru,  1922,  p.  130,  pi.  22,  fig.  2.    Negritos,  Eocene. 

Oculina  peruviana  Vaughan,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  127,  pi.  21,  figs.  2-5.    Negritos,  Eocene. 

Paracythus  peruvianus  Vaughan,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  North- 
western Peru,  1922,  p.  126,  pi.  21,  fig.  1.    Negritos,  Eocene. 


Vol.  XIV]     HANNA  AND  ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY  OF  PERU  '] \ 

Perttviaster   Vaughan,    in    Bosvvorth,    Geology   of    Northwestern    Peru, 
1922,  p.  128.     (Type  P.  peruviana  Vaughan.) 

Penilviaster  peruviana  Vaughan,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  129,  pi.  21,  figs.  6,  7.    Negritos,  Eocene. 

StepJuinocoenia  peruviana  Vaughan,   in   Bosworth,   Geology   of   North- 
western Peru,  1922,  p.  133,  pi.  23,  figs.  1,  2.    Negritos,  Eocene. 


FORAMINIFERA 

Lepidocyclina  antillea  Cushman,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  137,  pi.  24,  fig.  2.    Lobitos,  Eocene. 

Lepidocyclina  antillea  (?),  Cushman,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  North- 
western Peru,  1922,  p.  138. 

Lepidocyclina  (Nephrolepidina)  peruviana  Cushman,  in  Bosworth, 
Geology  of  Northwestern  Peru,  1922,  p.  138,  pi.  24,  fig.  1.  Lobitos, 
Eocene. 

Nummulites,  sp.  (?),  Cushman,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  Northwestern 
Peru,  1922,  p.  139. 

Orthophragmina  peruviana,  Cushman,  in  Bosworth,  Geology  of  North- 
western Peru,  1922,  p.  138,  pi.  24,  fig.  3.    Lobitos,  Eocene. 


72  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Plate  7 

Fig.    1.    Crassatellites  pisarroi  Hanna   &   Israelsky,   new   species,   type 

1722,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  Loc.  858  C.A.S.,  Zorritos, 
Peru. 

Fig.  2.  Chione  sechuntana  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species,  type  1724, 
Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  locality  339  C.A.S.,  Zorritos, 
Peru. 

Fig.   3.   Macrocallista  cavachana  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species,  type 

1723,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  locality  555  C.A.S.,  Eocene, 
Peru. 

Fig.  4.  Corbula  woodsi  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species,  type  1725, 
Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  locality  555  CA.S.,  Eocene, 
Peru. 

Fig.  5.  Turritella  conquistadorana  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species,  type 
1707,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  locality  850  C.A.S.,  Eocene, 
Peru. 

Fig.  6.  Turritella  cochleiformis  Gabb,  plesiotype  1708,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad. 
Sci.,  from  locality  555  C.A.S.,  Eocene,  Peru. 

Fig.   7.   Same,  plesiotype  1709,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci. 

Fig.  8.  "Claifilithes"  atahuallpai  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  paratype  1719, 
Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  locality  339  C.A.S.,  Zorritos, 
Peru. 

Fig.   9.   Same,  type  1718,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci. 

Fig.  10.  Siphonalia  phosoidea  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species,  paratype 
1717,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  from  locality  Z2)6  C.A.S.,  Zorritos, 
Peru. 

Fig.  11.  Clavilithes  burtti  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species,  type  1720, 
Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  locality  850  C.A.S.,  Eocene, 
Peru. 

Fig.  12.  "Surcula"  mayi  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species,  type  1721,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  locality  850  C.A.S.,  Eocene,  Peru. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  2       [  HANNA  and  ISRAELSKY]  Plate  7 


^ 


^ 


/  O 


74  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Plate  8 

Fig.  1.  McJanatria  (?)  gcstcri  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species,  cotype 
1712,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  from  locality  334  C.A.S.,  Eocene, 
Peru. 

Fig.  2.     Same,  cotype  1713,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci. 

Fig.  3.     Same,  cotype  1714  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci. 

Fig.  4.  Natica  coronis  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species,  type  1715, 
Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  from  locality  328  C.A.S.,  Zorritos, 
Peru. 

Fig.  5.  Siphoiialia  pliosoidca  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species,  paratype 
1717,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  from  locality  336  C.A.S.,  Zorritos, 
Peru. 

Fig.  6.  TiirritcUa  filiciucta  Grzy.,  var.  z'oricusfa  Spieker,  plcsiotype 
1710,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  from  locality  328  C.A.S.,  Zorritos, 
Peru.     Figured  to  show  aperture. 

Fig.  7.  Siplwiialia  pliosoidca  Hanna  &  Israelsky,  new  species,  type 
1716,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  from  locality  328  C.A.S.,  Zorri- 
tos, Peru. 

Fig.  8.  Fduiius  paytoisc  (Woons),  plesiotype  1711,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad. 
Sci.  from  locality  555  C.A.S.,  Eocene,  Peru.  Figured  to  show 
callosity  of  inner  lip. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vo'.  XIV,   No.  2 


HANNAand  ISRAELSKY]  Plate  8 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  3,  pp.  77-81,  plate  9  July  23,  1925 


III 

A  NOTE  ON  TWO  OF  HYATT'S 

LIASSIC  AMMONITES  i 

BY 

C  H.  CRICKMAY 

While  working  on  the  Jurassic  faunas  of  western  North 
America  I  have  found  that  there  is  a  vast  assemblage  of 
nomina  nuda — chiefly  names  applied  with  no,  or  with  incom- 
plete, description  by  Alpheus  Hyatt.  To  "rescue"  all  of  these 
would  be  a  stupendous,  a  well  nigh  impossible,  task.  However, 
as  the  types  become  located  it  will  no  doubt  be  possible  to 
recognize  and  redescribe  many  of  the  species.  On  account  of 
the  interest  attached  to  the  Liassic  ammonites  because  of  their 
rarity  a  special  search  was  made  for  the  holotypes  of  two 
species  described  by  Hyatt^  and  supposed  to  be  in  the  collection 
of  the  California  State  Mining  Bureau,  San  Francisco.  These 
are  Arnioceras  woodhulli  and  Vermiceras  crossmani. 

1.     Vermiceras  crossmani  Hyatt 

Plate  9,  figures  1-5 

The  type  specimens  of  this  species  were  eventually  discov- 
ered in  the  museum  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences 
where  the  paleontological  collections  of  the  State  Mining  Bu- 
reau have  been  deposited.    There  are  three  fragments,  one  of 

*  A.  Hyatt:     Jura  and  Trias  at  Taylorville,  California.     Bull.,  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  Vol. 
3,  1892,  page  411. 

July  23,  1925 


yg  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

which  is  obviously  another  species.  Of  the  remainder,  the 
specimen  showing  the  internal  whorls  is  taken  as  the  lectotype. 
The  third  specimen  which  is  a  small  portion  of  the  outer  whorls 
of  a  large  individual  will  be  regarded  as  a  paratype.  Of  the 
lectotype,  the  following  description  can  be  given:  On  the 
youngest  visible  whorls  (diameter=12  mm.)  the  ornament  is 
of  versi-radiate  costae,  about  nine  in  a  quadrant.  The  youngest 
whorls  showing  the  venter  (diam.=25  mm.)  show  a  strong 
keel  bordered  by  two  deep  and  narrow  sulci.  The  costae  soon 
become  slightly  arcuate. 

At  a  diameter  of  85  mm.  geniculse  become  evident  and  the 
costae  run  up  on  to  the  venter  and  form  a  ridge  bordering  the 
sulci.  At  104  mm.,  the  major  diameter  of  the  specimen,  tuber- 
culation  is  almost  attained.  At  this  size  there  are  13  costae  in 
a  quadrant.  The  suture  line  is  not  preserved.  The  following 
additional  details  are  obtained  from  the  paratype  which  is 
from  a  specimen  of  about  260  mm.  diameter.  At  this  size  the 
costae  no  longer  run  into  the  ridges  bordering  the  ventral  sulci, 
and  there  is  a  concave  area  just  below  the  ridges.  This  indi- 
vidualizes the  latter,  giving  the  shell  the  appearance  of  having 
three  equal  keels.    The  costae  are  about  20  in  a  quadrant. 

Measurements 

Diameter    25  mm.  104  mm.  260  mm. 

Width  of  umbilicus  divided  by  diam.      .54  .62 

Thickness  divided  by  diam 33  .21  .14 

Umbilical  suture  to  keel  div.  by  diam.      .26  ,19  .19 

The  result  is  Vermiceras  crossmani  Hyatt,  1892;  family 
Ammonitidae  (=Arietidae). 

Holotype:  No.  1760;  paratype:  No.  1761,  Calif.  Acad,  of  Sci., 
from  Santa  Fe  district,  Esmeralda  County,  Nevada;  early 
Sinemurian  age  (Lower  Jurassic).  S.  H.  Crossman,  Coll. 
Original  No.  4089,  Calif.  St.  Min.  Bureau. 

2.     Arnioceras  woodhulli  Hyatt 

The  type  specimens  of  Arnioceras  woodhulli  could  not  be 
found.  It  is  believed  by  the  authorities  of  the  institutions  con- 
cerned that  they  have  been  lost.  Under  such  circumstances  it 
might  still  be  possible  to  recognize  the  species  from  the  brief 


Vol.  XIV]  CRICKMAY— HYATT'S  LIASSIC  AMMONITES  79 

description  and  the  comparison  with  Arnioceras  humboldti 
which  has  been  figured^  were  the  locality  known.  But  Hyatt 
did  not  give  this  any  more  accurately  than  Inyo  County,  Cali- 
fornia. Hyatt  described  the  species  very  briefly  as  resembling 
A.  humboldti  but  having  the  pilse  more  closely  crowded,  and 
with  slight  constrictions  at  intervals  on  the  adolescent  whorls. 
These  were  said  to  disappear  later,  giving  place  to  slightly 
arcuate  costse. 

In  view  of  the  uncertainty  connected  with  this  species  it 
might  be  thought  best  by  some  to  declare  the  name  invalid. 
This  course  would  probably  be  quite  justified  but  it  seems  a 
pity  to  take  the  step  yet  while  so  little  is  known  of  the  Lias  of 
the  western  states.  It  may  be  that  Arnioceras  woodhulli  is  the 
only  Arnioceras  in  Inyo  County,  in  which  case  its  recognition 
would  be  relatively  certain.  It  may  be  that  there  is  no  other 
species  like  it  in  the  type  area.  Or  perhaps  some  one  of  Hyatt's 
distinctions  will  prove  distinctive  when  the  entire  fauna  is 
known.  For  these  reasons  it  is  thought  best  not  to  decide  this 
matter  until  considerable  collections  have  been  obtained  from- 
the  Liassic  rocks  of  the  type  region. 


'A.    Hyatt:      Genesis   of  the   Ariettdse,   Smithsonian   Contrib.   to   Knowl.,   No.    673, 
1889,  p.   173,  figs.  31-33. 


gQ  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Plate  9 

Fig,  1.  Vermiceras  crossmani  Hyatt.  Holotype  No.  1760  (Mus.  Calif. 
Acad.  Sci.)  from  Santa  Fe  District,  Esmeralda  County, 
Nevada.    Lateral  view,  natural  size. 

Fig.  2.  Vermiceras  crossmani  Hyatt.  Holotype.  Cross  section  of  outer 
whorl. 

Fig.  3.  Vermiceras  crossmani  Hyatt.  Paratype  No.  1761  (Mus.  Calif. 
Acad.  Sci.)  from  Santa  Fe  District,  Esmeralda  County, 
Nevada.    Lateral  view,  natural  size. 

Fig.  4.  Vermiceras  crossmani  Hyatt.  Paratype,  same  specimen  as  Fig. 
3;  ventral  view,  natural  size. 

Fig.  5.  Vermiceras  crossmani  Hyatt.  Paratype,  same  specimen  as  Fig. 
Fig.  3;  apertural  view,  natural  size. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  3 


CRICKMAY]   Plate  9 


PROCEEDINGS 

OV  THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  4,  pp.  83-87,  plate  10  July  23,  1925 


IV 


A  NEW  SPECIES  OF  MOLLUSK  (DENTALIUM 

HANNAI)  FROM  LOWER  CALIFORNIA, 

WITH  NOTES  ON  OTHER  FORMS 


BY 

FRED  BAKER 

In  the  course  of  a  study  of  the  members  of  the  genus  Denta- 
lium  taken  in  the  Gulf  of  California  in  1921  by  the  Expedition 
from  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  certain  specimens, 
found  in  my  own  collection  and  labeled  "Dentalium  semir 
politum",  seem  to  belong  to  a  new  species.  The  shells  were 
taken  many  years  ago  in  a  series  of  dredgings  at  varying 
depths  by  the  late  Miss  J.  M.  Cooke  and  myself  off  the  south 
end  of  South  Coronado  Island,  Lower  California.  The  loca- 
tion proved  to  be  very  rich  in  mollusks  and  we  took  more  than 
a  dozen  species  and  a  genus  (Bernardina)  which  were  later 
described  as  new  by  Doctors  Dall  and  Bartsch,  chiefly  from 
our  material.    The  dredging  was  all  done  in  a  single  afternoon. 

The  species,  on  a  superficial  examination,  is  very  like  D. 
semipolitum,  which  is  rather  common  in  this  region,  and  we 
overlooked  the  distinctive  characters. 

July  23,  1925 


g4  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

1.     Dentalium  hannai  Baker,  new  species 
Plate  10,  figures  4,  5 

Shell  moderately  curved,  of  medium  size,  very  narrow  at 
the  apex  but  increasing-  rather  rapidly  at  first,  less  decidedly 
later;  length  about  12  times  the  diameter,  translucent,  shining, 
blue-white  at  the  anterior  end  and  becoming  slightly  creamy  on 
the  posterior  half;  sculpture  of  the  earlier  third  consisting  of 
28  fine,  sharp,  subequal  ribs  about  a  third  as  wide  as  inter- 
spaces, and  all  continuous,  but  gradually  fading  out  at  about 
a  third  of  length  of  shell ;  growth  striae  wavy  and  irregularly 
marked  throughout;  anal  aperture,  a  slit  on  both  convex  and 
concave  sides,  but  shorter  and  rounded  on  the  latter,  sharply 
pointed  on  the  former;  sides  of  apex  grown  inward,  the  slit 
occupying  about  a  third  of  the  diameter  at  this  point;  these 
inward  projection  of  shell  substance  can  hardly  be  called  "a 
plug"  in  the  sense  that  this  word  is  commonly  used  in  Scapha- 
poda;  aperture  circular,  intersecting  the  axis  at  a  right  angle; 
peristome  thin. 

Length  38.5  mm.;  diameter  of  base  3.2  mm.;  diameter  of 
apex  0.6  mm.;  length  of  slit,  convex  side,  1.5  mm.,  concave 
side  0.6  mm. 

Type:  No.  1757,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  10  to  18 
fathoms  about  one  mile  south  of  South  Coronado  Island, 
Lower  California;  Jeanette  M.  Cooke  and  Fred  Baker,  colls. 

The  arrangement  of  sculpture  resembles  that  of  D.  semi- 
politum  B.  &  S.  and  D.  inversum  Desh.  from  the  same  region, 
and  D.  sectum  Desh.  from  the  Gulf  of  California,  in  having 
longitudinal  sculpture  on  the  posterior  third,  the  rest  of  the 
shell  being  smooth.  The  apical  angle  is  slightly  greater  than 
in  any  of  these  species,  but  the  most  marked  difference  exists 
in  the  anal  slit ;  this  is  wanting  in  semipolitum;  on  the  concave 
side  only  in  inversum;  sectum  differs  radically  in  that  is  has  a 
longer  and  oblique  plug  with  the  transverse  slit  not  extending 
far  on  either  the  convex  or  concave  side. 

Other  smaller  specimens  than  the  type  are  very  constant  in 
most  of  the  characters  though  differing  in  the  proportion  of 
sculptured  to  smooth  parts  on  account  of  age. 


Vol.  XIV]  BAKER— A  NEW  SPECIES  OF  MOLLUSK  §5 

The  species  is  named  for  Dr.  G.  Dallas  Hanna,  Curator  of 
Paleontology,  California  Academy  of  Sciences. 


2.     Dentalium  vallicolens  Raymond 

Plate  10,  figures  1-3 

This  species  was  described  in  1904^  from  specimens  dredged 
in  relatively  deep  water  off  La  Jolla,  California,  and  neighbor- 
ing localities.  It  is  much  larger  than  D.  hannai  and  in  no 
specimens  seen  is  there  a  notch  or  slit  in  the  apical  opening. 
The  species  has  not  been  figured  until  now  and  this  opportunity 
is  taken  to  publish  photographs  of  three  specimens.  Two  of 
these  (figs.  1,2)  are  No.  437  of  the  Scripps  Institution  collec- 
tion from  110  fathoms  off  La  Jolla.  These  were  undoubtedly 
used  by  Prof.  Raymond  in  the  description  of  the  species;  no 
type  material  was  designated.  The  third  specimen  figured 
came  from  120  fathoms  off  San  Diego  and  has  been  presented 
to  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  where  it  is  No.  1758 
(Coll.  Type  material). 


»The  Nautilus,  Vol.   17,  1904,  p.    123. 


85  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Plate  10 

Figs.  1,  2.  Dentaliuni  vallicolens  Raymond.  Plesiotypes,  No.  437  (Scripps 
Institution),  from  110  fathoms,  off  La  Jolla,  California.  En- 
larged slightly  more  than  two  diameters. 

Fig.  3.  Dentalium  vallicolens  Raymond.  Plesiotype,  No.  1758  (Cali- 
fornia Academy  of  Sciences),  from  120  fathoms  off  San 
Diego.     Enlarged  slightly  more  than  two  diameters. 

Fig.  4.  Dentalium  hannai  Baker,  new  species.  Type,  No.  1757  (Cali- 
fornia Academy  of  Sciences),  from  10-18  fathoms  off  South 
Coronado  Island,  Lower  CaHfornia.  Enlarged  slightly  more 
than  two  diameters. 

Fig.  5.  Dentalium  hannai  Baker,  new  species.  Type  specimen;  apex; 
enlarged  six  diameters. 


PROC.CAL.ACAD.SCI.,4thSeries.Vol.XIV,  No.4       [  FRED  BAKER  |  Plate  10 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  5,  pp.  89-100  July  23,  1925 


CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  ORIENTAL  HERPETOLOGY 
II.     KOREA  or  CHOSEN 

BY 

JOSEPH  R.  SLEVIN 
Assistant  Ctorator,  Department  of  Herpetology 

The  herpetological  fauna  of  Korea  or  Chosen  is  represented 
in  the  Academy's  collection  by  24  species.  These  are  two  sala- 
manders, one  discoglossid  toad,  one  toad  of  the  genus  Bufo, 
one  tree-frog,  one  engystomatid,  five  frogs,  three  lizards,  eight 
snakes,  and  two  turtles.  Following  is  an  annotated  list  of  the 
species : 

1.     Hynobius  leechii  Boulenger 

Our  very  large  series  has  been  reported  upon  by  Dr.  Dunn. 

31841  to  32126.  Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province. 

32127  to  32160.  Chiksan,  Kwi-Do  Province. 

32161  to  32167.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province 

32168.  Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province. 

32374.  Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province. 

35958  to  35975.  Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province. 

2.     Onychodactylus  fischeri  (Boulenger) 

We  have  four  adults  (Nos.  32169  to  32172)  and  a  very 
large  series  of  larv«  (Nos.  32173  to  32373;  32984  to  32993; 
and  35977  to  35988)  all  collected  at  Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do 
Province.    Most  of  these  have  been  recorded  by  Dr.  Dunn. 

July  2i,  1925 


gQ  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

3.     Bombina  orientalis  (Boulenger) 

Males  collected  in  May  and  June  have  the  horny  breeding 
pads  on  the  fore  limbs.  In  our  series  of  more  than  100  Korean 
specimens  there  is  a  great  variation  in  the  extent  and  uniting 
of  the  black  ventral  markings.  Males  usually  are  much  more 
warty  above  than  females  and  have  much  larger  v^ebs.  They 
also  show  black  dorsal  markings  much  less  distinctly  than  the 
females.  However,  there  is  a  good  deal  of  individual  variation 
as  regards  all  three  of  these  sexual  differences.  Three  young 
have  very  small  webs.    Our  specimens  are  as  follows : 

17667  to  17669.  Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  October,  1909. 

32413  to  32457.  Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  May  8,  1911. 

32458  to  32478.  Chiksan,  Kwi-Do  Province,  June  16,  1911. 

32479  to  32485.  Sei-Shin,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  5,  1911. 

32486  to  32504.  Hoi-Ryong,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  22,  1911. 

32505  to  32514.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  10,  1911. 

32515  to  32518.  Sagawansa,  June  8,  1911. 

32519.  Musan  Pass,  May  22,  1911. 

35936  to  35938.  Chiksan,  Kwi-Do  Province,  June  16,  1911. 


4.     Bufo  bufo  asiaticus  (Steindachner) 

Thirty  toads  from  Korea  agree  very  well  with  specimens 
from  China.  They  differ  from  the  toads  of  Japan  in  the  ab- 
sence of  the  dark  line  along  the  lower  jaw  and  in  the  less  ex- 
tensive pigmentation  of  the  belly  and  of  the  sides  of  the  body. 

32375  to  32399.  Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  Korea, 
June  7,  191 1.  The  web  is  large  in  all.  The  tympanum  is  small  or 
moderate,  except  in  32386,  in  which  it  is  large.  There  is  no 
black  line  on  the  lower  jaw.  Most  of  the  specimens  are  with- 
out much  ventral  pigmentation;  32380,  32388,  32390,  32393, 
32394  show  a  few  small  dark  spots  on  the  belly;  and  32379 
and  32385  have  many  small  spots.  The  lateral  pigmentation 
varies  considerably  in  amount.  32385,  32396,  32398  each  have 
a  ridge  of  small  tubercles  in  the  position  of  a  tarsal  fold. 

32400  to  32411.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Prov- 
ince, Korea,  June  10,  1911.  The  web  is  large.  The  tympanum 
is  moderate  or  small.  There  is  no  dark  line  on  the  lower  jaw. 
There  is  not  much  lateral  pigmentation.    32401,  32404,  32409 


Vol.  XIV]  SLEVIN— ORIENTAL  HERPETOLOGY  (II)  91 

have  numerous  small  spots  on  the  belly;  32410,  32411  have  a 
few  small  spots ;  the  others  are  unspotted.  32404  has  a  tarsal 
ridge  of  small  tubercles. 

32412.    Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  5,  1911. 

35989.  Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  1,  1911. 
Large  web.  Small  tympanum.  No  jaw  line.  No  belly  spots. 
Considerable  lateral  black. 

36009  to  36011.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Prov- 
ince, June  13,  1911.  Large  web.  Tympanum  moderate  in 
36009,  36010;  large  in  36011.  No  dark  jaw  line.  Little 
lateral  black.  36009  has  numerous  small  belly  spots,  and  a 
tarsal  ridge  of  tubercles. 

5.     Hyla  aboria  japonica  Giinther 

Our  series  from  Japan  and  Korea  show  that  it  is  not  possible 
to  distinguish  a  subspecies  H.  a.  immaculata.  Of  2>7  specimens 
collected  at  Kong-Ju,  Korea,  June  10,  1911,  33  have  some  web 
between  the  third  and  fourth  fingers,  while  four  (Nos.  32957, 
32966,  32971,  32975)  have  no  web  between  these  fingers.  All 
of  the  four  have  loreal  dark  streaks,  and  these  streaks  are 
clearly  shown,  also,  by  all  of  the  33  except  No.  32958,  which 
has  none,  and  Nos.  32950  and  32965,  each  of  which  has  a  mere 
trace.  Loreal  streaks  are  present  in  all  our  other  Korean 
Hylas  except  two  from  Wonsan.  These  are  No.  32929,  in 
which  there  is  a  trace  of  the  stripe,  and  No.  32932,  in  which  the 
stripe  is  entirely  wanting.    Both  have  finger  webs. 

32887  to  22926.  Fusan,  Kjong-San-Do  Province,  May  6,  1911. 

32927  to  32940.  Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  7,  1911. 

32941  to  32977.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  10,  1911. 

32978  to  32983.  Sei-Ko-Shin,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  13,  1911. 

35935.  Chiksan,  Kwi-Do  Province,  June  16,  1911. 

36012  to  36024.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  13,  1911. 

6.     Cacopoides  borealis  Barbour 

A  large  series  of  this  little  known  species  was  secured  at 
Chiksan,  Korea,  June  16,  1911  (Nos.  32520  to  32572  and 
Nos.  35939  to  35944).  It  may  be  supposed  that  the  species 
was  breeding  at  that  time.    Some  of  the  specimens  are  nearly 


Q2  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

black  over  all  of  the  upper  surfaces.  Others  are  quite  light  in 
general  coloration,  with  various  cloudings,  blotches,  spots  or 
dots  of  dark  brown,  slate  or  black.  The  light  ground  color  in 
the  less  pigmented  specimens  may  be  gray  or  pale  brown, 
sometimes  with  a  trace  of  pink. 


7.     Rana  chinensis  Osbeck 

Our  Korean  collections  include  about  109  specimens  of  this 
frog.  They  seem  to  show  no  difference  in  any  way  between 
Japanese  and  Chinese  specimens.  Frequently  there  is  no  dorsal 
line  or  band.  Such  specimens  may  resemble  Rana  plancyi,  but 
may  be  readily  distinguished  by  their  dorsal  dermal  ridges 
which  are  lacking  in  Rana  plancyi. 

32766  to  32790.  Sei-Shin,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  15,  1911. 

32791  to  32824.  Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-'Do  Province,  May  8,  1911. 

32826  to  32839.  Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  May  8,  1911. 

32840.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  10,  1911. 

32844  to  32845.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  10,  1911. 

32849.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  10,  1911. 

32853.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  10,  1911. 

32854  to  32863.  Hoi-Ryong,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  21,  1911. 

32864  to  32870.  Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  7,  1911. 

32873  to  32874.  Sagawansa,  June  8,  1911. 

32875  to  32886.  Sei-Ko-Shin,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  13,  1911. 

35957.  Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  May  8,  1911. 


8.     Rana  plancyi  Lataste 

This  frog  seems  not  to  be  on  record  from  Korea.  Never- 
theless it  must  be  fairly  common  there,  as  we  have  14  specimens 
from  four  localities,  as  follows : 

32825.  Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  May  8,  1911. 

32841  to  32843.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  10,  1911. 

32846  to  32848.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  10,  1911. 

32850  to  32852.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  10,  1911. 

32871  to  32872.  Chiksan,  Kwi-Do  Province,  June  16,  1911. 

36002  to  36003.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-'Do  Province,  June  10,  1911. 


Vol.  XIV]  SLEVIN— ORIENTAL  HERPETOLOGY  (11)  93 

9.     Rana  temporaria  Linnaeus 

Our  Korean  collections  include  numerous  frogs  of  the  tem- 
poraria group.  There  is  much  variation,  particularly  in  the 
position  of  the  vomerine  teeth,  in  specimens  from  the  same 
locality.  To  the  name  Rana  temporaria  have  been  referred 
specimens  which  agree  in  having  the  dorsolateral  ridge  flaring 
out  anteriorly  toward  the  tympanum,  the  snout  short,  the  web 
large  or  very  large,  and  no  definite  light  line  along  the  upper 
jaw.  The  vomerine  teeth  may  be  between  the  choanae  (asinNos. 
32727,  32763),  between  and  behind  (as  in  Nos.  32748,  32750, 
32751,  32762,  32765),  or  behind  the  choanse  (as  in  Nos. 
32749,  32752,  32753,  32764).  The  outer  metatarsal  tubercle 
may  be  absent  (No.  32749),  but  is  present  in  nearly  all. 

32700  to  32726.  Pu-Ryong,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  22,  1911. 

^2127.  Hoi-Ryong,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  21,  1911. 

32748  to  32753.  Musan  Pass,  May  22,  1911. 

32754  to  32761.  Wonsan,  Kang^Won-Do  Province,  June  7,  1911. 

32762  to  32765.  Sei-Shin,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  15,  1911. 

35991  to  35997.  Pu-Ryong,  Ham-Gjong  Do  Province,  May  22,  1911. 


10.     Rana  japonica  (Giinther) 

The  frogs  which  have  been  referred  to  this  species  agree  in 
the  possession  of  dorsolateral  ridges  which  either  are  very  in- 
distinct or  wanting  anteriorly,  or  run  forward  without  bending 
out  much  toward  the  tympanum,  long  snouts,  small  webs,  and 
usually  a  very  distinct  light  line  along  the  upper  jaw.  The 
vomarine  teeth  vary  in  position  as  they  do  in  Rana  temporaria, 
being  sometimes  between  the  choanse  (as  in  Nos.  32738, 
32740,  32745,  32747),  sometimes  between  and  behind  (as  in 
Nos.  32728,  32731,  32733,  32735,  32736,  32737,  32739,  32741, 
32742,  32743,  32746),  and  sometimes  quite  behind  the  choanae 
(as  in  Nos.  32729,  32730,  32732,  32734,  32744).  The  outer 
metatarsal  tubercle  is  usually  absent  (32729,  32730,  32731, 
32733),  but  may  be  present  on  one  side  only  (36006,  36008) 
or  on  both  sides  (32728,  32732,  36028).  Nos.  36029  and 
36030  have  larger  webs  than  the  other  specimens,  and  their 
snouts  seem  a  little  shorter.  The  dorsolateral  ridge  flares  out 
somewhat  in  Nos.  35934,  36007  and  36008. 


94 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 


[Proc.  4th  See. 


32728  to  32733. 
32734  to  32747. 
35934. 
36004  to  36008. 
36028  to  36030. 


Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  10,  1911. 
Sei-Ko-Shin,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  13,  1911. 
Chiksan,  Kwi-Do  Province,  June  16,  1911. 
Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Prov.,  June  12-13,  1911. 
Sei-Ko-Shin,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  13,  1911. 


11.     Rana  rugosa  Schlegel 

This  frog  has  apparently  not  been  previously  recorded  from 
Korea.  It  must,  however,  be  common  there,  for  we  have  more 
than  130  specimens  from  six  localities.  Korean  and  Japanese 
specimens  appear  to  be  identical. 

32573  to  32652.  Fusan  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  May  8,  1911, 

32653  to  32667.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  10,  1911. 

32668  to  32671.  Sagawansa,  June  8,  1911. 

32672  to  32678.  Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  7,  1911. 

32679  to  32686.  Sei-Shin,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  15,  1911. 

32687  to  32698.  Pu-Ryong,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  22,  1911. 

32699.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  10,  1911. 

35955  to  35956.  Fusan,  Kjong-San-Do  Province,  May  8,  1911. 

35998  to  36000.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  12,  1911. 


12.     Takydromus  amurensis  Peters 

This  species  is  well  represented  in  our  collection  by  speci- 
mens from  many  localities  in  Korea.    These  are  listed  below : 


31685  to  31733. 

31777. 

31812. 

31818. 
31819  to  31823. 
31824  to  31828. 
31829  to  31836. 
31837  to  31839. 

31840. 

33013. 

33014. 

35976. 


Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  7,  1911. 

Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong  Province,  June  10,  1911. 

Chiksan,  K\vi-Do  Province,  Jime  16,  1911. 

Chiksan,  Kw^i-Do  Province,  June  16,  1911. 

Musan  Pass,  May  22,  1911. 

Pu-Ryong,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  22,  1911. 

Sei-Shin,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  15,  1911. 

Shoko,  May  23,  1911. 

Hoi-Ryong,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  21,  1911. 

Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  7,  1911. 

Shoko,  May  23,  1911. 

Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  6,  1911. 


13.     Takydromus  wolteri  Fischer 

This  grass  lizard  is  represented  from  only  three  localities  in 
Korea.    All  of  the  specimens  have  one  pore  on  each  side. 


Vol.  XIV] 


SLEVIN— ORIENTAL  HERPETOLOGY  (11) 


95 


31546  to  31684. 
31734  to  31735. 
31807  to  31811. 
31813  to  31817. 
33015. 
35945  to  35954. 


Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  May  8,  1911. 
Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  7,  1911. 
Chiksan,  Kwi-Do  Province,  June  16,  1911. 
Chiksan,  Kwi-Do  Province,  June  16,  1911. 
Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  May  8,  1911. 
Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  May  8,  1911. 


14.     Eremias  argus  Peters 

This  lizard  was  secured  in  good  series  at  two  localities  in 
Korea,  as  listed  below.  These  specimens  seem  not  to  differ 
from  those  we  have  received  from  China. 

31736  to  31776.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  10,  1911. 

31778  to  31806.  Chiksan,  Kwi-Do  Province,  June  16,  1911. 

35933.  Chiksan,  Kwi-Do  Province,  June  22,  1911. 

36025  to  36027.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  14  ,1911. 


15.     Natrix  vibakari  vibakari  Van  Denburgh 

This  subspecies  differs  from  that  of  the  Japanese  islands  in 
having  fewer  urosteges.  These  vary  from  55  to  65,  average  in 
nine  specimens  61,  while  in  A'',  vibakari  vibakari  the  counts 
vary  from  63  to  83,  average  in  34  specimens  71.4.  There  is 
but  little  difference  in  the  counts  of  males  and  females. 

Our  Korean  collections  contain  four  of  these  snakes  taken  at 
Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  May  8,  1911.  The  counts 
of  these  specimens  are  given  below.  No.  31487  is  the  type. 
All  have  19  scale  rows. 


No. 

Sex 

Gastro- 

Uro- 

Supra- 

Infra- 

Pre- 

Post- 

Loreal 

Temporals 

stegea 

steges 

labials 

labials 

oculars 

oculara 

31485 

9 

148 

65o 

7-7 

8-8 

1-1 

2-3 

1-1 

1+1-1+1 

31486 

9 

142 

61c 

6-6 

8-8 

2-2 

3-2 

1-1 

1+1-1+1 

31487 

cf 

153 

64o 

7-7 

8-8 

1-1 

3-2 

1-1 

1+1-1+1 

31488 

9 

146 

56c 

7-7 

8-8 

1-1 

2-2 

1-1 

1+1-1+1 

16.     Natrix  tigrina  tigrina  (Boie) 

Our  Korean  collections  include  27  snakes  of  this  subspecies 
taken  at  the  following  localities : 


96 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser. 


31448  to  31454.    Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  10,  1911. 
31461  to  31469.    Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  May  8,  1911. 
31489  to  31496.    Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  7,  1911. 
31530  to  31531.    Chiksan,  Kwi-Do  Province,  June  16,  1911. 
31544.   Ujo,  May  23,  1911. 

The  counts  of  these  specimens  are  given  below.    All  have  19 
scale  rows.    The  anal  is  divided. 


No. 

Sex 

Gastro- 

Uro- 

Supra- 

Infra- 

Pre- 

Post- 

Temporals 

steges 

stegea 

labials 

labials 

oculars 

oculars 

31448 

9 

171 

52  + 

7-7 

8-9 

2-2 

3-3 

1+1-1+1 

31449 

cf 

164 

71c 

7-7 

8-7 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31450 

& 

163 

71c 

7-7 

8-8 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31451 

9 

163 

57  + 

7-7 

8-8 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31452 

9 

172 

43  + 

7-7 

8-8 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31453 

9 

167 

63c 

7-7 

8-8 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31454 

& 

159 

67c 

7-7 

8-8 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31461 

9 

168 

59c 

7-7 

8-9 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31462 

9 

163 

61c 

7-7 

8-8 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31463 

& 

159 

71c 

7-7 

8-8 

2-2 

4-4 

1+2-1+2 

31464 

cf 

164 

74c 

7-7 

8-8 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31465 

9 

166 

50  + 

7-7 

8-8 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31466 

& 

165 

67c 

7-7 

8-8 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31467 

9 

169 

65c 

7-7 

8-8 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31468 

9 

165 

61c 

7-7 

8-8 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31469 

9 

168 

64c 

7-7 

9-8 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31489 

cf 

163 

70c 

7-7 

8-9 

2-2 

3-3 

2-2 

31490 

& 

157 

71c 

7-7 

9-9 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+1 

31491 

cP 

155 

70c 

7-7 

9-8 

2-2 

2-2 

1+1-1+2 

31492 

& 

153 

70c 

7-7 

9-8 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31493 

& 

158 

69c 

7-7 

9-9 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31494 

& 

155 

68c 

7-7 

9-9 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31495 

d' 

158 

69c 

7-7 

8-8 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31496 

9 

163 

72c 

7-7 

9-9 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31530 

& 

158 

69c 

7-7 

8-8 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31531 

& 

159 

62c 

7-7 

8-9 

2-2 

3-3 

1+2-1+2 

31544 

9 

161 

41  + 

7-7 

8-8 

2-2 

4-3 

1+2-1+2 

17.     Elaphe  rufodorsata  (Cantor) 

Twenty-nine  Korean  specimens  of  this  snake  are  at  hand,  as 
follows : 


17666. 
31457  to  31459. 
31470  to  31476. 
31477  to  31482. 
31498  to  31499. 


Fusan  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  October,  1909. 
Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  June  10,  1911. 
Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  May  8,  1911. 
Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  May  10,  1911. 
Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  7,  1911. 


Vol.  XIV] 


SLEVIN— ORIENTAL  HERPETOLOGY  (II) 


97 


31502  to  31505.  Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  7,  1911. 

31532  to  31533.  Chiksan,  Kwi-Do  Province,  June  16,  1911. 

31535  to  31536.  Pu-Ryong,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  22,  1911. 

31545.  Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  May  8,  1911. 

33012.  Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  May  8,  1911. 

The  counts  of  these  specimens  are  given  below.    All  have  21 
scale  rows. 


No. 

Sex 

Gaatro- 

Uro- 

Anal 

Supra- 

Infra- 

Pre- 

Post- 

Temporals 

steges 

steges 

labiala 

labials 

oculars 

oculara 

17666 

9 

176 

50c 

2 

8-7 

10-10 

1—1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31457 

9 

179 

51c 

2 

7-8 

10-10 

1-1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31458 

cf 

168 

59c 

2 

7-7 

10-10 

1-1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31459 

9 

179 

53c 

2 

7-7 

10-10 

1-1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31470 

d" 

169 

61c 

2 

7-7 

10-10 

1-1 

2-2 

1+2-1+2 

31471 

9 

173 

50c 

2 

7-7 

10-10 

1  —1 

2-2 

2+2-2+3 

31472 

9 

179 

37  + 

2 

8-7 

10-9 

1  —1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31473 

cT 

163 

61c 

2 

7-7 

10-10 

1-1 

2-2 

2+3-2+2 

31474 

9 

178 

51c 

2 

7-7 

10-10 

1  —1 

2-2 

2+3-2+2 

31475 

9 

177 

50c 

2 

8-8 

10-10 

1  -1 

2-2 

2+2-2+8 

31476 

9 

174 

51c 

2 

8-7 

10-10 

1-1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31477 

cf 

170 

61c 

2 

8-8 

10-10 

1  —1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31478 

9 

183 

51c 

2 

7-8 

10-10 

1-1 

2-2 

2+3-2+2 

31479 

9 

173 

51c 

2 

8-7 

10-9 

1  —1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31480 

9 

177 

52c 

2 

7-7 

10-9 

1  —1 

2-2 

2+2-2+2 

31481 

cT 

169 

60c 

2 

7-7 

10-10 

1-1 

2-2 

2+2-2+3 

31482 

<f 

168 

57c 

2 

7-7 

10-10 

1  —1 

2-2 

2+2-2+3 

31498 

cf 

161 

63c 

2 

7-7 

10-10 

1-1 

2-2 

2+2-2+2 

31499 

9 

177 

49c 

2 

7-7 

10-10 

1  —1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31502 

9 

174 

55c 

2 

7-8 

10-10 

1  —1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31503 

cf 

168 

62c 

2 

8-7 

10-10 

1-1 

2-2 

2+2-2+3 

31504 

d' 

167 

61c 

2 

7-7 

10-10 

1  —1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31505 

d* 

168 

62c 

2 

8-8 

10-10 

1-1 

2-2 

2+3-2+2 

31532 

cf 

171 

63c 

2 

7-7 

10-10 

1  —1 

2-2 

1+3-2+3 

31533 

cf 

167 

62c 

2 

7-7 

10-10 

1-1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31535 

cf 

161 

63c 

2 

7-7 

10-9 

1  —1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31536 

& 

163 

59c 

2 

7-7 

10-10 

1-1 

2-2 

2+3-2+2 

31545 

9 

175 

56c 

2 

8-8 

10-10 

1-1 

2-2 

2+2-2+3 

33012 

? 

7-7 

10-10 

1    —  1 

2-2 

2        -2 

18.     Elaphe  schrenckii  Strauch 

Nine  specimens  were  collected  in  Korea,  as  follows : 

31460.    Fusan,  Kjong-Sang-Do  Province,  May  8,  1911. 
31497.   Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  7,  1911. 
31513  to  31519.    Chiksan,  Kwi-Do  Province,  June  16,  1911. 


98 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser. 


The  scale  counts  are  as  follows 


No. 

Sex 

Scale 

Gastro- 

Uro- 

Anal 

Supra- 

Infra- 

Pre- 

Post- 

Temporals 

rows 

steges 

steges 

labials 

labials 

oculars 

oculara 

31460 

9 

23 

222 

69c 

2 

8-8 

10-10 

1-1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31497 

9 

23 

223 

67c 

2 

8-8 

9-9 

1-1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31513 

c? 

23 

216 

72c 

2 

8-8 

10-10 

2-2 

1-1 

2+3-2+3 

31514 

cf 

23 

217 

64  + 

2 

8-7 

11-9 

1-1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31515 

cT 

23 

221 

74c 

2 

8-8 

9-10 

2-2 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31516 

cf 

23 

227 

67c 

2 

8-8 

11-11 

1-1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31517 

& 

23 

216 

72  + 

2 

7-8 

10-9 

1-1 

1-1 

2+3-2+3 

31518 

9 

23 

129 

71c 

2 

8-8 

10-10 

1-1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31519 

9 

23 

128 

66c 

2 

8-8 

10-10 

1-1 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

19.     Elaphe  dione  (Pallas) 

Eight  specimens  of  this   snake  have  been  received   from 
Korea  as  follows : 

31455  to  31456.  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  10,  1911. 

31500.  Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  7,  1911. 

31520  to  31522.  Chiksan,  Kwi-Do  Province,  June  16,  1911. 

31534.  Pu-Ryong,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  22,  1911. 

31541.  Sei-Shin,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  15,  1911. 

The  scale  counts  are  given  below. 


No. 

Sex 

Scale 

Gastro- 

Uro- 

Anal 

Supra- 

Infra- 

Pre- 

Post- 

Temporals 

rows 

steges 

steges 

labials 

labials 

oculara 

oculars 

31455 

cf 

25 

203 

64c 

2 

8-8 

10-11 

2-2 

2-2 

2+3-2+2 

31456 

9 

25 

205 

71e 

2 

8-8 

11-11 

2-3 

2-2 

2+4-2+4 

31600 

9 

27 

199 

62c 

2 

8-8 

11-11 

2-2 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31520 

cf 

25 

199 

73c 

2 

8-8 

11-11 

2-2 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31521 

9 

25 

200 

59c 

2 

8-8 

11- 

2-2 

2-2 

2+4-2+3 

31522 

cf 

25 

193 

71c 

2 

8-8 

10-11 

2-2 

2-2 

2+4-2+3 

32534 

9 

25 

193 

60c 

2 

8-8 

11-11 

1-1 

2-2 

2+4-2+4 

31541 

9 

23 

197 

56  + 

2 

8-8 

10-10 

2-2 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

20.     Coluber  spinalis  (Peters) 

Our  only  Korean  specimen  of  this  snake  (No.  31529)  was 
taken  at  Chiksan,  Kwi-Do  Province,  June  16,  1911.  It  is  a 
female  with  scales  in  17  rows,  gastrosteges  203,  urosteges  86 


Vou  XIV] 


SLEVIN— ORIENTAL  HERPETOLOGY  (II) 


99 


complete,  anal  divided,  supralabials  8-8,  infralabials  9-10,  pre- 
oculars  2-2,  postoculars  2-2,  loreal  1-1,  and  temporals 
2+2—2+2. 

21.     Dinodon  rufozonatum  (Cantor) 

This  species  seems  to  be  rather  rare  in  Korea.  Its  occurence 
there  has  been  known  from  one  or  two  specimens  without  exact 
data.  We  have  received  only  one,  caught  at  Fusan,  Kjong- 
Sang-Do  Province,  May  8,  1911.  It  is  No.  31483,  a  male,  with 
17  scale  rows,  gastrosteges  201,  urosteges  73  complete, 
anal  single,  supralabials  7-7,  infralabials  9-9,  preoculars  2-2, 
postoculars  2-2,  no  loreal,  and  temporals  2+3 — 2+3. 

22.     Agkistrodon  blomhoffii  brevicaudus  Stejneger 

Fourteen  specimens  of  this  subspecies  are  at  hand  from  the 
following  localities: 

31506.  Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  7,  1911. 

31508.  Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  7,  1911. 

31510.  Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  7,  1911. 

31512.  Wonsan,  Kang-Won-Do  Province,  June  7,  1911. 

31523  to  31527.  Chiksan,  Kwi-Do  Province,  June  16,  1911. 

31537  to  31539.  Pu-Ryong,  Ham-Gjong-Do  Province,  May  22,  1911. 

31542.  Shoko,  May  23,  1911. 

31543.  Musan  Pass,  May  22,  1911. 

The  scale  counts  are  as  follows : 


:.     L^  ^ 


ft'    #? 


No. 

Sex 

Scale 

Gastro- 

Uro- 

Anal 

Supra- 

Infra- 

Pre- 

Post- 

Temporals 

rows 

steges 

steges 

labials 

labials 

oculars 

oculars 

31506 

9 

21 

145 

42c 

7-7 

10-10 

2-2 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31508 

9 

21 

143 

33c 

7-7 

10-10 

2-2 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31510 

9 

21 

147 

38c 

7-7 

10-10 

2-2 

2-2 

2+3-2+4 

31512 

d' 

21 

146 

49o 

7-7 

10-10 

2-2 

3-2 

2+2-2+2 

31523 

9 

21 

146 

38c 

7-7 

10-10 

2-2 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31524 

cf 

21 

149 

54c 

7-7 

11-10 

2-2 

2-2 

2+4-2+4 

31525 

& 

21 

147 

48c 

7-7 

10-10 

2-2 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31526 

9 

21 

150 

43c 

7-7 

10-10 

2-2 

3-3 

2+2-2+2 

31527 

9 

21 

145 

45c 

8-7 

11-11 

2-2 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31537 

d' 

21 

147 

27  + 

7-7 

11-11 

2-2 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31538 

& 

21 

145 

47c 

7-7 

10-10 

2-2 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31539 

9 

21 

155 

43c 

7-7 

10-10 

2-2 

2-2 

2+3-2+3 

31542 

9 

21 

156 

41c 

7-7 

11-10 

2-2 

3-3 

2+3-2+3 

31643 

d- 

21 

163 

42c 

7-7 

11-10 

2-2 

3-3 

2+3-2+3 

JOO  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

23.     Geoclemys  reevesii  (Gray) 

One  typical  specimen  of  this  turtle  (No.  31437)  was  col- 
lected at  Kong-Ju,  Tschhung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  10, 
1911. 


24.    Amyda  maackii  (Brandt) 

Sixteen  soft-shelled  turtles  were  collected  at  Kong-Ju,  Tsch- 
hung-Tschhong-Do  Province,  June  10-14,  1911.  These  are 
Nos.  31438  to  31447  and  36055  to  36060.  These  turtles  agree 
in  having  the  interocular  and  especially  the  temporal  dark 
stripes  broader  and  more  conspicuous  than  in  Chinese  speci- 
mens. They  also  have  much  more  of  the  fine  yellow  dotting 
on  all  of  the  dorsal  surfaces.  They  seem  to  differ  from 
Chinese  turtles  only  in  color. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  6,  pp.  101-103  July  23,  1925 


VI 

CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  ORIENTAL  HERPETOLOGY 

III.    RUSSIAN  ASIA  and  MANCHURIA 

BY 

JOSEPH.  R.  SLEVIN 
Assistant  Curator,  Department  of  Herpetology 

The  fauna  from  these  regions  represented  in  the  Academy's 
collection,  although  small,  has  nevertheless  proved  of  value  for 
comparison  with  material  from  adjacent  territory.  It  is  repre- 
sented by  one  salamander,  one  frog,  four  snakes,  and  one 
turtle. 

Russian  Asia 
1.     Hynobius  keyserlingii  (Dybowskii) 

Our  only  specimen  (No.  14578)  was  collected  at  Xanka 
Lake,  Ussuri  Province. 

2.     Rana  temporaria  Linnaeus 

Three  frogs  from  Russian  Asia  seem  to  fall  within  the  limits 
of  individual  variation  in  this  species. 

No.  14575,  collected  at  Xanka  Lake,  Ussuri  Province,  May 
7,  1908,  has  large  webs,  vomerine  teeth  between  and  somewhat 

July  23,  1925 


102 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser. 


behind  the  choanae,  and  large  inner  metatarsal  tubercles.  The 
outer  metatarsal  is  present. 

Two  specimens  are  labeled  "Ussuri  ?"  No.  14576  has  small 
webs,  vomerine  teeth  between  and  behind  the  choanae,  and 
inner  metatarsal  tubercles  small.  No.  14577  has  large  webs, 
teeth  well  behind  the  choanae,  and  inner  metatarsal  tubercles 
small.  This  last  specimen  has  a  dorsal  stripe.  Neither  has 
outer  metatarsal  tubercles. 

The  dorsolateral  ridge  flares  out  anteriorly  toward  the  tym- 
panum in  these  three  frogs. 

3.     Natrix  tigrina  lateralis  (Berthold) 

One  female  snake  of  this  species  (No.  14580)  was  collected 
at  Vladivostoc.  It  has  scales  in  19  rows,  gastrosteges  159, 
urosteges  55c,  anal  divided,  supralabials  7-7,  infralabials  8-8, 
preoculars   2-2,    postoculars   3-3,    loreal    1-1,   and   temporals 

l-j-2— 1+2. 

4.     Elaphe  schrenckii  Strauch 

A  female  (No.  14583),  taken  at  Vladivostoc,  in  1903,  has 
23  scale  rows,  gastrosteges  218,  urosteges  66c,  anal  divided, 
supralabials  8-8,  infralabials  10-10,  preoculars  2-2,  postoculars 
2-2,  loreal  1-1,  and  temporals  2+3 — 2+3. 

5.     Agkistrodon  blomhoffii  intermedius  (Strauch) 

Stejneger  is  followed  in  the  use  of  this  name  for  two  spe- 
cimens from  Vladivostoc,  although  their  scale  counts  are 
similar  to  those  of  Korean  specimens.  They  are  Nos.  14585 
and  14586.    Their  counts  are  as  follows : 


No. 

Sex 

Scale 
rows 

Gastro- 
steges 

Uro- 
steges 

Anal 

Supra- 
labials 

Infra- 
labials 

Pre- 
oculars 

Post- 
oculars 

Temporals 

14685 
14586 

9 

21 

21 

150 

147 

43c 
46c 

1 
1 

7-7 
7-7 

10-9 
10-10 

2-2 
2-2 

2-2 
2-2 

l+3-l-f3 
H-2 -1-1-2 

Vol.  XIV]  SLEVIN— ORIENTAL  HERPETOLOGY  (III)  JQS 

Manchuria 
1.     Natrix  tigrina  lateralis  (Berthold) 

The  counts  of  two  specimens  labeled  "North  East  Man- 
churia" are  as  follows : 


No. 

Sex 

Scale 
rows 

Gastro- 
steges 

Uro- 
steges 

Anal 

Supra- 
labials 

Infra- 
labials 

Pre- 
oculars 

Post- 
oculars 

Temporals 

33016 
33017 

9 

19 
19 

162 
160 

58c 
57c 

2 
2 

7-7 

7-7 

8-9 
9-9 

2-2 

2-2 

4-4 
3-3 

1+2-1+2 
1+2-1+2 

2.    Amy  da  maackii  (Brandt) 

One  large  specimen  (No.  14587)  collected  at  Harbin,  Man- 
churia, in  1907,  agrees  in  coloration  with  our  series  from 
Korea.  Our  Chinese  specimens  seem  to  represent  a  different 
species. 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF   THE 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  7,  pp.  105-142;  text  figs.  1-64      August  14,  1925 


VII 
NEW  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS 

BY 

RALPH  V.  CHAMBERLIN 
Harvard  University 

The  new  spiders  described  in  this  paper  were  noted  in  con- 
nection with  a  study  of  the  spiders  collected  by  the  Expedition 
of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  to  the  Gulf  of  Cali- 
fornia in  1921  upon  which  a  report  has  previously  been 
published.^ 

I  am  indebted  to  Prof.  C.  R.  Crosby  for  the  preparation  of 
descriptions  of  several  species  of  Linyphiidse,  the  name  of  each 
such  species  being  accordingly  followed  by  his  name  in  the 
text. 

LIST  OF  THE  SPECIES 

AviCULARIID^ 

1.     Brachybothrium  shoshoneum  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :  Cephalothorax,  sternum  and  legs  fulvous  or  yellowish.  Ab- 
domen similar  above  but  grey  behind  and  laterally;  the  venter  greyish 
yellow. 

Pars  cephalica  low,  rather  flat  and  widely  slanting  to  fovea  thoracica. 
Fovea  short  and  deep,  the  radiating  lines  rather  coarse.  Anterior  median 
eyes  with  centers  on  or  near  the  median  transverse  line  of  the  ocular 

^  Proceedings  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  Vol.  XII,  No.  28,   1924. 

August  14,   1925 


106 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser. 


area;  close  to  the  posterior  median  eyes,  than  which  they  are  smaller. 
Chelicerse  rather  small,  the  cephalothorax  being  nearly  i.I  times  their 
antero-posterior  length.  On  convex  antero-dorsal  surface  at  mesal  side 
conspicuously  elevated  and  bearing  a  dense  patch  of  stout,  basally  spini- 
form  setae.     Tarsi  slightly  flexuose.     Paired  claws  with  five  or  six  teeth, 


Brachybothriuni  shoshoneum 

Fig.  1.  Right  palpus  of  male,  ectal  view.  2.  Apical  part  of  the 
same,  more  enlarged.  3.  Tarsus  and  metatarsus  of  leg  I  of 
male,  anterior  view. 

the  unpaired  claw  smooth.  Tibia  I  with  a  patch  of  long,  stout  spines  on 
anterior  surface  just  distad  of  middle;  somewhat  produced  at  middle 
beneath,  and  bearing  there  several  longer  and  much  stouter  spines. 
Metatarsus  I  broadly  produced  beneath  proximad  of  the  middle  (fig.  3). 
Palpus  as  shown  in  figs.  1  and  2. 

Length,  11.2  mm.;  Cephalothorax,  5.6  mm.;  Tib.  +  pat.  I,  5  mm.;  Tib. 
-|-  pat.  IV,  5  mm. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,=^  No.  1149,  {$). 

Type  locality:     Troy,  Idaho. 

2.     Eurypelma  duplex  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male:     Body  and  legs  clothed  with  rusty  brown  hair  of  the  usual  type. 
Carapace  as  wide  as  long.    Thoracic  fovea  nearly  three-fourths  the  dis- 
tance from  anterior  end  to  base.     Anterior  row  of  eyes  viewed  from  in 

*  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,   Cambridge,   Massachusetts. 


Vol.  XIV]       CHAMBERLIN—NEIV  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS  107 

fiont  strongly  procurved  ;  medians  about  their  diameter  apart,  less  than  half 
as  far  from  the  equal  laterals.  Posterior  median  eyes  much  smallicr  than 
the  laterals,  elongate ;  much  closer  to  posterior  laterals  than  to  anterior 
medians.  Claws  of  legs  dentate  proximad  of  middle.  Tibia  of  leg  I  with 
the  usual  bilobate  process  at  distal  end,  the  outer  branch  more  curved 
and  about  a  third  longer  than  the  inner  branch.  Inner  (anterior)  surface 
of  coxa  I  with  many  setae,  spine-like  at  base.     Some  similar  spinescent 


Eurypehna  duplex 

Fig.  4.  Inner  side  of  apex  of  bulb  of  male  palpus. 

setae  on  caudal  face  of  coxa  of  palpus.  Tibia  of  palpus  bearing  four 
spines  on  inner  side,  two  submedian  and  two  toward  distal  end.  Spines 
with  double  line  of  serrations  as  shown  in  fig.  4. 

Length,  28  mm. ;  cephalothorax,  12  mm. ;  width,  12  mm.  Tib.  -|-  pat.  I, 
18  mm.;  met.  I,  12  mm.;  Tib.  +  pat.  IV,  18.2  mm.;  met.  IV,  17  mm. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,  $  . 

Type  locality:     Orizaba,  Mexico. 

Closely  allied  to  E.  longipes  Cambridge  and  E.  serrafa 
Simon.  It  differs  from  the  former  in  having  a  strongly  de- 
veloped carina  on  the  inner  surface  of  apex  of  bulb.  It  differs 
from  serrata  in  having  this  carina,  as  well  as  the  lower  edge, 
strongly  serrate,  with  a  smooth,  weaker  carina  between  these 
two,  and  in  having  fewer  spines  on  inner  surface  of  the  tibia 
of  the  palpus.  It  is  smaller  than  either  of  the  two  species 
mentioned. 

3.     Eurypelma  epicureana   Chamberlin,  new   species 

Male :  Cephalothorax,  legs  and  abdomen  below  clothed  with  brown 
hair.  The  dorsum  of  the  abdomen  clothed  with  shorter,  dense,  black  hairs 
and  longer  bright  rusty  red  hairs  which  are  sparser  caudally,  where  they 
leave  a  blackish  spot  more  or  less  exposed. 


JQg  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Carapace  longer  than  wide.  Fovea  .65  of  the  distance  from  anterior 
end  to  posterior  end.  Anterior  row  of  eyes  strongly  procurved,  a  line 
tangent  to  lower  margin  of  median  eyes  being  nearly  tangent  to  upper 
margin  of  lateral  eyes.  Anterior  median  eyes  about  their  diameter  apart ; 
obviously  smaller  than  the  laterals.  Posterior  row  of  eyes  equal  in 
length  to  the  anterior  row.  Posterior  median  eyes  somewhat  obvate, 
nearly  touching  the  larger  lateral  eyes  behind,  farther  removed,  though 
by  less  than  their  radius,  from  the  anterior  medians.  Qaws  of  legs  with 
a  few  weak  teeth  proximad  of  middle.     Tibia  I  with  the  usual  bifurcate 


Eurypelma  epicureana 

Fig.  5.  Anterior  view  of  bulb  of  male  palpus. 

spur,  the  longer  outer  branch  of  which  is  bent  mesad  at  tip.  Metatarsus 
I  curved  toward  base  as  in  lanceolntum.  On  anterior  face  of  coxa  I, 
both  above  and  below  suture,  the  setae  are  in  part  spinescent  at  base. 
Inner  surface  of  tibia  of  palpus  with  six  spines.  Apical  portion  of  bulb 
as  shown  in  fig.  5. 

Length,  40  mm.;  cephalothorax,  20  mm.;  width,  17.2  mm.;  Tib.  +  pat. 
I,  21  mm.;  met.  I,  12.2  mm.;  Tib.  +  pat.  IV.  21  mm.;  met.  IV,  18  mm. 

Holotype:  M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1140,  $  ;  Paratype,  M.  C.  Z., 
No.  1141.  $. 

Type  locality:     Chichen  Itza,  Yucatan. 

Related  to  E.  lauceolatum  Simon.  It  differs  from  that 
species,  aside  from  coloration  and  different  proportions,  also 
decidedly  in  the  form  of  the  stylus  of  bulb,  which  approaches 
more  nearly  to  that  of  vagans  Ausserer. 


Vol.  XIV]       CHAMBERLIN—NEVV  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS  IQ^ 

4.     Eurypelma  stoica  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :     Body  clothed  with  rusty  brown  hair. 

Cephalothorax  longer  than  wide,  with  the  fovcola  about  seven  twelfths 
the  distance  from  anterior  end  to  caudal.  Anterior  median  eyes  clearly 
less  than  their  diameter  apart  and  not  quite  so  far  from  the  laterals. 
Anterior  row  in  front  view  strongly  procurved.  Posterior  median  eyes 
elliptic,  much  smaller  than  the  laterals,  with  which  they  are  subcontiguous ; 
distinctly  recurved  from  anterior  median  eyes.  Tarsal  claws  typically  with 
three  weak  teeth  near  middle.  Anterior  face  of  coxa  I  with  no  hairs  of 
basally  stout  or  spinescent  form.     Tibia  I  with  the  double  spine  at  distal 


Eurypelma  stoica 

Fig.  6.  Anterior  view  of  bulb  of  male  palpus. 

end  of  usual  general  form,  the  outer  branch  longest,  both  branches  curved 
somewhat  toward  each  other,  each  terminating  in  a  stout  spine.  Meta- 
tarsus I  straight  throughout.  Inner  side  of  tibia  of  palpus  bearing  six  or 
seven  spines.  Bulb  short,  the  apical  portion  spatuliform  with  lower 
margin  finely  serrate.     See  fig.  6. 

Length,  23  mm.;  cephalothorax,  11.5  mm.;  width,  9.5  mm.  Tib.  +  pat. 
IV,  14.7  mm.;  met.  IV,  13.8  mm.    Tib  +  pat.  I,  14.8  mm.;  met.  I,  8.2  mm. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1142,   S  . 
Type  locality:     Chichen  Itza,  Yucatan. 

LlNYPHIID^ 

5.     Ceraticelus  creolus  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :  Carapace  and  scuta  of  abdomen  yellowish  brown,  the  legs  and 
soft  parts  of  abdomen  clearer  yellow. 

In  the  form  of  the  cephalothorax  suggesting  C.  emertoni  (Cambridge), 
to  which  it  is  obviously  related.     The  head  protruding  forward  over  the 

August  14,  1925 


110 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser. 


clypeus,  rounded,  not  at  all  subdivided.  The  upper  scutum  of  abdomen 
covers  most  of  the  dorsum ;  ventrally  there  is  the  usual  epigastric  plate 
and  in  addition  one  in  front  of  spinnerets.  The  palpus  has  the  tibial 
apophysis  distally  very  slender,  and  bent  nearly  at  right  angles  to  the 
basal  part  but  not  uncate  as  it  is  in  C  nubiliccps  Chamberlin,  which  is 
also  a  Louisiana  species.  It  appears  to  differ  clearly  from  other  species 
of  the  same  group  in  details  of  the  bulb  which  are  shown  in  figs.  9  and  10. 

Length,  L4  mm. 

Female:  Heavier  than  the  male,  with  the  cephalothorax  normal.  The 
abdomen  retains  the  epigastric  plate  and  the  plate  in  front  of  spinnerets 
less  developed  but  with  no  trace  of  the  dorsal  plate. 

Length,  1.9  mm. 


Ceraticelus  creoliis 

Fig.  9.  Right  palpus  of  male,  ventral  view.     10.  The  same,  dorsal 
view. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,  No.   1106,    S  ;  Allotype,  M.   C.  Z., 
1107,  ?';  Paratypcs,  M.  C.  Z. 

Type  locality:     Benton,  Louisiana;  R.  V.  Chamberlin  coll. 


6.     Ceratinopsis  atolmus  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :  This  is  a  small  form  in  which  the  cephalothorax  is  brown,  with 
the  eye  region  black.    The  legs  yellow.    Abdomen  dusky. 

Head  narrow,  with  the  lateral  eyes  prominent  but  not  on  distinct  tuber- 
cles. The  species  is  characterized  chiefly  by  the  structure  of  the  palpus. 
In  this  it  suggests  C.  anglicanus  but  is  readily  distinguishable  in  details 
both  of  the  tibial  apophysis  and  of  the  bulb  of  the  palpus  as  shown  in 
figs.  11  and  12. 

Length,  1.8  mm. 


Vol.  XIV]       CHAMBERLIN—NEW  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS 


HI 


Ceratinopsis  atolmus 

Fig.  11.  Left  palpus  of  male,  ventral  view.     12.  The  same,  sub- 
dorsal view. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,  1105. 

Type  locality:     Springfield,  Tennessee. 

Genus  Spirembolus  Chamberlin 

In  the  genus  Spirembolus  Chamberlin  the  embolic  division 
of  the  palpal  organ  is  developed  into  a  remarkable  spiral  as 
shown  in  figure  20.  There  is  little  variation  in  the  palpal 
organ  in  the  different  species  and  it  is,  therefore,  not  figured 
for  all. 


Spirembolus  perjucundus 

Fig.  15.  Cephalothorax,  lateral  view. 

Spirembolus  vallicolens 

Fig.  16.  Cephalothorax,  lateral  view. 


112 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Key  to  Species  of  Spirembolus,  Males 

Hi.  Femur  of  palpus  armed  at  tip  on  the  inner  angle  with  a 
small  but  distinct  whitish  process, 
bi.  Clypeus  viewed  from  the  side  nearly  straight,  protrud- 
ing (fig.  16) S.  vallicolcns  Chamberlin 


Spirembolus  spirotiibtis 

Fig.    17.  Tibial    apophysis    of    male   palpus, 
lateral  view. 


18.  Cephalothorax, 


Spirembolus  monticolcns 

Fig.  19.  Male  palpus,  to  show  tibial  apophysis. 

Spirembolus  spirotubns 

Fig.  20.  Palpal  organ,  ventral  view. 


Vol.  XIV]       CHAMBERLIN—NEW  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS 


113 


h,.  Clypeiis  viewed  from  the  side  distinctly  concave  below 

the  anterior  median  eyes  (fig.  13) 

5.  synopticiis,  new  species 

3.2-  Femur  of  palpus  unarmed  at  tip. 

b\  Tibial  apophysis  without  a  tooth  on  the  mesal  side. 

(fig.  19) S.  monticolcns  Chamberlin 

b^.  Tibial  apophysis  with  a  distinct  tooth  on  the  mesal  side, 
(fig.  17). 

Ci.  Head  abruptly  elevated  behind  (fig.  15) 

S.  perjucundus,  new  species 

C2.  Head  more  gradually  elevated  (fig.  18) 

S.  spirotithus  (Banks) 

7.     Spirembolus  synopticus  Crosby,  new  species 

Male :  Cephalothorax  brown,  with  radiating  lines.  Seen  from  the  side 
the  dorsal  line  ascends  evenly  to  the  posterior  eyes  with  scarcely  any  de- 
pression at  the  cervical  groove.  Anterior  median  eyes  projecting  for- 
ward. Clypeus  broad,  nearly  perpendicular,  evenly  and  distinctly  con- 
cave  (fig.  13). 


Spirembolus  synopticus 

Fig.  13.  Lateral  view  of  cephalothorax.    14.  Male  palpus  to  show 
tibial  apophysis. 


Posterior  row  of  eyes  gently  recurved;  the  median  eyes  slightly  nearer 
to  each  other  than  to  the  lateral ;  anterior  row  procurved,  the  median 
much  nearer  to  each  other  than  to  the  lateral.     Sternum  and  labium  nearly 


JJ4  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

black.  Endites  yellow,  mottled  wih  grey;  large  and  very  broad  at  the  tip 
with  a  hardened  ridge  on  the  edge  next  to  claw  of  the  chelicera.  Sternum 
separating  the  hind  coxae  by  less  than  their  length  and  squarely  truncate 
behind. 

Legs  yellow,  palpi  paler ;  tibia,  metatarsi  and  tarsi  of  the  first  legs,  and 
tibia  and  metatarsi  of  second,  armed  on  the  outside  with  a  series  of  short 
forward-curved  hairs.  Abdomen  grey.  Palpus  has  the  femur  nearly  as 
long  as  the  rest  of  the  palpus.  At  the  meso-distal  angle  there  is  short 
white  round-pointed  process.  Tibial  apophysis  very  long,  and  curved, 
with  a  strong  sharp  tooth  on  the  mesal  side  (fig.  14). 

Length,  2  mm. 

Holotype:     Cornell  Univ.,  $  ;  Paratype,  M.  C.  Z.,  $  . 

Type  locality:  Berkeley,  California,  Nov.,  1919.  Three 
males  taken  by  sifting.  (Henry  Dietrich).  Other  locality, 
Stanford,  California,  1920-21.  One  male  from  branches  of 
pine.     (J.  C.  Chamberlin). 

When  Banks  described  Tiso  spirotobus  he  mentioned  an- 
other species  from  Washington  state.  I  found  in  the  Museum 
of  Comparative  Zoology  a  specimen  from  Olympia,  Washing- 
ton, which  is  doubtless  the  one  to  which  he  referred.  It  is  a 
specimen  of  vS".  synopticus. 


8.     Spirembolus  perjucundus  Crosby,  new  species 

Male :  Cephalothorax  brownish  with  darker  radiating  lines ;  viewed 
from  above  evenly  rounded  on  the  sides  and  broadly  rounded  in  front, 
not  constricted  at  the  cervical  groove ;  viewed  from  the  side,  the  dorsal 
outline  is  arched  to  the  cervical  groove,  where  there  is  a  distinct  depres- 
sion. Head  strongly  elevated,  rounded  over  the  top  to  the  anterior  me- 
dian eyes ;  clypeus  very  wide,  nearly  vertical  in  the  upper  part,  protruding 
below  (fig.  15).  Posterior  eyes  in  a  gently  procurved  line,  the  median 
nearer  to  the  lateral  than  to  each  other.  Anterior  eyes  in  a  strongly 
procurved  line,  the  median  much  smaller  than  the  lateral,  subcontiguous, 
and  widely  separated  from  the  lateral.  Anterior  median  eyes  higher  than 
the  posterior  median.  Ocular  area  clothed  with  short  stiff  hairs  directed 
upward  and  backward.  Sternum  dark  grey  over  brown ;  endites  brownish 
yellow,  mottled  with  grey.  Legs  and  palpi  light  brownish  yellow,  the  legs 
abundantly  clothed  with  short  curved  hairs. 

Abdomen  dark  grey  or  black.  Palpus  with  the  femur  nearly  as  long  as 
the  rest  of  the  segments  combined,  the  patella  half  as  long  as  the  femur, 


Vol.  XIV]       CHAMBERLIN—NEW  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS  W^ 

and  the  tibia,  including  the  apophysis,  as  long  as  the  patella.    Femur  not 
armed  on  the  inner  angle  with  a  white  process.     Tibial  apophysis  very 
long  and  slender,  armed  on  the  mesal  side  with  a  distinct  tooth.     Palpal 
organ  similar  to  that  of  the  other  species. 
Length,  1.7  mm. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1250,  $  ;  Paratype,  Cornell  Univ., 

Type  locality:  San  Gregorio  Beach,  San  Mateo  Co.,  Cali- 
fornia, 1920-21.  (J.  C.  Chamberlin).  Other  locality:  Berk- 
eley, California,  Nov.,  1919.     (Dietrich). 


Genus  Tortembolus  Crosby,  new  genus 

Head  of  male  elevated  into  a  large  lobe  which  does  not  bear 
the  eyes,  and  provided  with  postocular  pits.  Palpal  organ 
similar  to  that  of  Spirembohis.  The  embolic  division  of  the 
spiral  type.  There  are  three  full  turns  of  the  spiral  and  the 
basal  part  forms  part  of  the  coil. 

Genotype:     T.  tortitosus  Crosby,  new  species. 

I  would  also  place  in  this  genus  Dismodicus  alpinus  Banks 
and  Lophocarenum  fasciatum  Banks  (of  which  Diplocephalus 
castigaiorius  Crosby  is  a  synonym).  In  Dismodicus  bifrons 
Blackwall,  the  type  of  that  genus,  although  the  head  of  the 
male  is  elevated  in  much  the  same  way  as  in  Tortembolus,  the 
palpal  organ  is  of  a  different  type.  Tortembolus  is  distin- 
guished from  Spirembolus  Chamberlin  by  the  form  of  the  head 
and  the  presence  of  postocular  pits;  the  palpal  organ  is  of  the 
same  type  in  both  genera. 

Key  to  the  Species  of  Tortembolus,  Males 

ai.  Abdomen  distinctly  marked  with  alternating  light  and  dark 

transverse  bands fasciatiis  (Banks) 

aa.  Abdomen  not  distinctly  banded. 

bi.  Tibial  apophysis  short  and  broad alpinus  (Banks) 

ba.  Tibial  apophysis  long  and  slender. 

Ci.  Epigastric  plates  very  finely  striate 

tortuosus,  new  species 

C2.  Epigastric  plates  coarsely  striate 

demouologicus,  new  species 


116 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser, 


9.     Tortembolus  tortuosus  Crosby,  new  species 

Male :  Cephalothorax  greyish  brown  with  the  margin  and  the  radiating 
lines  darker.  Cephalic  lobe  paler  with  a  fine  greyish  longitudinal  line  m 
the  middle.  Viewed  from  the  side,  gradually  ascending  to  the  cervical 
groove ;  head  elevated  into  a  very  large  rounded  lobe  whicli  does  not  bear 
the  eyes.    It  is  slightly  retreating  in  front  so  that  it  partly  overhangs  the 


Fig.  21 


Tortembolus  tortuosus 

Fig.   21.  Cephalothorax,    lateral   view.     22.  Palpal   organ,   ventral 
view.    2Z.  The  same,  lateral  view. 


posterior  median  eyes,  and  is  bounded  on  each  side  by  a  distinct  groove 
in  which  there  is  a  small  round  pit  back  of  and  above  the  posterior  lateral 
eye.  Clypeus  nearly  vertical  and  slightly  convex  (fig.  21).  Posterior 
eyes  when  viewed  directly  from  above  gently  recurved,  the  median  about 
their  diameter  from  the  lateral  and  a  little  farther  from  each  other.  An- 
terior eyes  in  a  straight  line,  the  median  smaller  than  the  lateral,  subcon- 
tiguous,  separated  from  the  lateral  by  radius  of  median. 


Vol.  XI\]       CHAMDERLIN—NEW  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS  Hy 

Sternum  grey  over  brown,  smooth  and  shining.  Endites  yellowish 
marked  with  grey.  Hind  coxse  separated  by  nearly  their  length.  Legs 
brownish  yellow.  Front  tarsi  and  metatarsi  equal.  Abdomen  grey.  The 
epigastric  plates  small,  and  widely  separated  by  soft  integument;  the 
striations  very  fine ;  the  stridulating  tooth  on  hind  coxae  well  developed. 

Femur  of  palpus  compressed  and  somewhat  keeled  below ;  patella  about 
two  thirds  as  long  as  femur;  except  at  base,  as  broad  as  femur;  tibia 
short  but  armed  with  a  very  long,  slender  apophysis  which  ends  in  a 
minute  recurved  hook  opposite  the  angle  on  the  back  of  the  tarsus ;  the 
paracymbium  is  broad  and  flat  and  bent  into  a  rounded  hook;  basal  part 
of  the  embolic  division  a  broad  coiled  band,  after  one  turn  it  becomes  a 
black  coiled  rod ;  there  are  three  complete  turns  to  the  spiral ;  tip  sup- 
ported by  a  membranous  conductor,  lying  near  a  pointed  process  (figs. 
22  and  23). 

Length,  1.1  mm. 

Holotype:  M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1251,  S  ;  Paratypes,  M.  C.  Z., 
Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  and  Cornell  Univ. 

Type  locality:  Stanford,  California,  1920-21.  Three  males. 
Other  locality'  Mayfield,  California,  October  30,  1920.  Sev- 
eral males.     (J.  C.  Chamberlin). 


10.     Tortembolus  demonologicus  Crosby,  new  species 

Male :  Cephalothorax  greyish  brownish  yellow,  with  the  radiating 
line  and  the  margin  darker.  Viewed  from  above,  rounded  on  the  sides 
and  scarcely,  if  at  all,  constricted  back  of  the  eyes.  Cephalic  does  not 
overhanging  the  posterior  median  eyes,  which  are  fully  visible  when 
viewed  from  directly  above,  marked  over  the  top  with  a  double  grey  line. 
Viewed  from  the  side,  ascending  evenly  to  base  of  cephalic  lobe,  which  is 
very  high  and  rounded  over  the  top,  not  retreating  in  front  above  the 
eyes.     Clypeus  convex  (fig.  24). 

Posterior  eyes  in  a  gently  recurved  row,  the  median  a  little  farther  from 
each  other  than  from  the  lateral.  Anterior  eyes  in  a  gently  recurved  row, 
the  median  smaller,  subcontiguous,  separated  from  the  lateral  by  nearly 
the  diameter  of  the  median.  Sternum  grey  over  brown,  darker  towards 
the  margin,  smooth  and  shining.  Endites  brownish  yellow  tinged  with 
grey.  Hind  coxae  separated  by  less  than  their  diameter.  Legs  and  palpi 
pale  yellowish,  palpal  organ  closely  resembling  that  of  T.  tortuosiis,  but 
the  terminal  coil  of  the  embolus  not  so  long,  and  the  basal  part  of  the 
embolic  division  narrow   (figs.  25  and  26). 

Abdomen  grey,  a  light  line  on  each  side  beneath ;  epigastric  plates 
broadly  separated  by  grey  integument ;  striations  coarse,  there  being  only 
five  or  six  transverse  lines. 

Length,  L3  mm. 

August  14,   1925 


118 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Fig.  24 


Tortembolus  demonologicus 

Fig.    24.  Cephalothorax,    lateral    view.     25.  Palpus,    mesal    view. 
26.  The  same,  ectal  view. 


Holotype:     Cornell  Univ.,  $  ;  Paratypes,  M.  C.  Z. 

Type  locality:  Berkeley,  California,  December,  1919, 
(Dietrich).  Other  locality,  Mayfield,  California,  October  30, 
1920.    Two  males.     (J.  C.  Chamberlin). 


11.     Neriene  redacta  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :  Cephalothorax  elongate  and  conspicuously  narrowed  caudad, 
dusky  fulvous,  without  definite  markings;  legs  fulvous,  a  little  dusky; 
abdomen  blackish,  formed  much  as  in  coccinea,  strongly  constricted  at 
middle. 

Chelicera  with  a  stout  tooth  at  proximal  end  toward  mesal  side ;  femur 
of  palpus  on  proximal  half  with  a  patch  of  conspicuous  cusps  on  ventral 
and  mesal  sides ;  palpal  organ  as  shown  in  fig.  27. 

Length,  3  mm. 


Vol.  XIV]       CHAMBERLIN—NEW  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS 


119 


Holotype:    M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1095,  $  . 

Type  locality:     Punta  Gorda,  Florida. 

This  species,  while  resembhng  in  size  and  general  appear- 
ance A'',  coccinea  (Hentz),  differs  rather  widely  in  the  struc- 
ture of  the  palpal  organ,  in  the  presence  of  the  cusps  on  the 


Neriene  redacta 

Fig.  27.  Left  palpus  of  male,  mesal  view. 

femur  of  the  palpus,  etc.  It  is  closer  to  N.  clathrata  ( Sunde- 
wall)  in  the  structure  of  the  palpus,  though  this  is  clearly  dis- 
tinct in  the  form  of  the  tegulum,  etc.  It  is  different  in  the  more 
pronounced  constriction  of  the  abdomen  and  in  its  smaller  size. 


12.     Neriene  dogmatica  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :  Carapace  blackish  brown,  the  color  deeper  along  margin,  but 
with  no  definite  markings.  Proximal  half  of  femur  of  palpi  yellowish, 
distal  half  and  the  more  distal  joints  blackish.  Femora  of  all  legs  yel- 
low at  proximal  end,  elsewhere  dusky,  more  or  less  streaked  with  yellow. 
Tibiae  with  a  dark  annulus  at  distal  end  and  one  near  middle  commonly 
incomplete,  three  annuli,  typically  obscure,  on  anterior  legs.  Metatarsi 
with  dark  annulus  at  distal  end  and  a  much  larger  one  in  middle  region ; 
the  posterior  tarsi  in  particular  may  show  a  submedian  annulus.  Abdomen 
nearly  black  everywhere  excepting  in  a  light  stripe  over  each  antero- 
lateral corner  and  caudad  a  little  beyond  middle,  this  stripe  with  white 
or   silvery   spots   anteriorly.     In   the  palpus   the  patella   wholly   lacks   a 


120 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


process  and  the  tibia  is  simply  extended  distally  on  the  dorsomesal  side 
but  shows  no  true  apophysis.    Details  of  the  bulb  shown  in  fig.  28. 
Length,  4.2  mm. 


Neriene  dogmatica 

Fig.  28.  Right  palpus  of  male,  mesal  view. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1109,  $  . 

Type  locality:  Jasper  Ridge,  San  Mateo  Co.,  California. 
Winter  of  1920-21.  Joseph  C.  Chamberlin.  One  adult  and 
one  immature  male. 

This  species  is  placed  in  Neriene  because  of  its  palpal  char- 
acters rather  than  on  the  basis  of  the  eyes,  the  eyes  of  the 
posterior  row  differing  but  little  in  size.  It  may  be  distin- 
guished from  clathrata,  redacta,  and  the  others,  in  the  form  of 
the  tegulum,  which  lacks  a  distal  process,  and  in  otlier  details 
of  the  palpus. 


13.     Microneta  evadens  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :  This  is  a  small  species  having  both  cephalothorax  and  abdomen 
dusky,  without  markings,  and  the  legs  yellow. 

Cephalothorax  considerably  longer  than  wide ;  eye-region  elevated ; 
clypeus  depressed  below  eyes  and  slanting  slightly   forward   to   base  of 


Vol.  XIV]       CHAMBERUN—NEW  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS  \2\ 

chelicerse,  convex  from  side  to  side.  Chelicerae  straight;  lower  margin 
with  a  series  of  four  small  teeth,  the  upper  margin  with  a  series  of  six 
or  seven. 

The  species  is  clearly  characterized  by  structural  features  of  the  palpus. 
The  tibia  is  elevated  above  segment  to  tarsus  and  bears  on  the  caudal 
surface  of  the  elevation  a  caudally  directed  tooth.    The  cymbium  bears  a 


Microneta  evadcns 

Fig.  29.  Right  palpus  of  male,  dorsoectal  view. 

short  rounded  process  at  its  caudal  end  and  mesodistad  of  this  a  longer, 
apically  somewhat   uncate  process.     The  paracymbium  is   furcate  at   its 
outer  end,  the  lower  prong  being  long,  as  shown  in  fig.  29. 
Length,  1.8  mm. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1103,  $  . 

Type  locality:     Wellesley,  Massachusetts.     One  male  taken 
in  May. 


14.     Bathyphantes  wana  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :  This  species  seems  to  stand  apart,  with  B.  micaria  Emerton, 
from  other  North  American  species  in  the  form  of  the  chelicerae  and 
palpi.  The  chelicerae  are  strongly  narrowed  at  distal  ends,  above  which, 
in  side  view,  they  appear  to  bulge  strongly.  Fig.  32.  Each  chelicera  is 
armed  near  middle  on  anteromesal  surface  with  a  distinct  tooth.  The 
palpus  is  superficially  characterized  by  having  two  processes  or  horns  on 
the  dorsum  of  the  cymbium  toward  its  base  on  the  inner  margin.  See 
fig.  30. 


122 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Carapace,  sternum  and  chelicerae  dusky.  Legs  yellowish.  Abdomen 
dusky,  somewhat  paler  above  but  without  definite  markings,  or  at  most 
with  faint  suggestion  of  cross  marks. 

Length,  2.8  mm. 


Bathyphantes  wana 

Fig.  30.  Right  palpus  of  male,  mesal  view.  31.  Tibia  and  basal 
part  of  tarsus  of  same,  ectal  view.  32.  Right  chelicera,  ectal 
view. 

Holotype:  M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1097,  $  ;  Paratypes,  M.  C.  Z., 
No.  1098. 

Type  locality:  Oyster  Bay,  New  York.  Other  localities. 
Three  Mile  Id.,  Lake  Winnepesaukee,  New  Hampshire,  May 
29,  1906;  Long  Id.,  Maine,  May  17,  1904;  Ithaca,  New  York, 
pasture  near  Lake  Beebe,  July  31,  1909. 


Bathyphantes  micaria 

Fig.  33.  Paracymbium  and  tibia  of  male  palpus,  ectal  view. 


Vol.  XIV]       CHAMBERLIN—NEW  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS  123 

This  species  has  been  heretofore  confused  with  B.  micaria 
Emerton.  In  the  latter  the  upper  part  of  the  chehcera  is  less 
thickened  and  in  lateral  view  notably  less  convex.  A  character 
of  particular  importance  is  that  the  cymbium  of  the  male  pal- 
pus in  micaria  has  only  one  process,  which  is  longer  and  more 
curved  than  either  of  the  two  present  in  ivana  (fig.  33).  The 
distal  end  of  the  tibia  in  the  male  palpus  has  a  process  or  ele- 
vation but  is  narrower  and  shorter. 


15.     Bathyphantes  dentichelis  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :  A  species  placed  tentatively  in  Bathyphantes,  though  not  typical 
in  a  number  of  characters.  It  resembles  certain  species  of  Neriene  (Liny- 
phiella  as  typified  by  coccinea  Hentz)  in  the  elongate  cephalothorax  which 
is  narrowed  conspicuously  behind  the  middle  and  also  in  front  of  it. 
The  abdomen  is  narrowed  at  front  end  and  is  moderately  constricted  at 
the  middle,  so  that  the  animal  as  a  whole  suggest  some  of  the  ant-like 
forms.     Qypeus,  as  viewed  from  above,  convex  from  side  to  side;  de- 


Bathyphantes  dentichelis 

Fig.  34.  Right  palpus  of  male,  ectodorsal  view. 

pressed  below  the  eyes.  Posterior  row  of  eyes  straight  or  slightly  pro- 
curved  ;  the  medians  a  little  larger  than  the  laterals,  nearer  to  each  other 
than  to  the  latter;  lateral  eyes  on  each  side  contiguous,  prominent;  anterior 
median  eyes  small,  close  together,  much  farther  from  the  laterals. 
Chelicerae  of  male  distinguished  by  being  armed  down  the  anterior  face 


124 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser. 


with  a  series  of  fine  conspicuous  teeth,  much  as  in  species  of  Erigone; 
constricted  distally  adjacent  to  base  of  claw;  a  prominent  tooth  on  ven- 
tral margin  of  furrow  near  base  of  claw  and  directed  distad.  Legs  long 
and  slender ;  with  few  or  no  spines ;  metatarsus  I  a  little  shorter  than 
Tibia  I. 

Carapace  dusky.  Legs  flavous.  Abdomen  blackish  with  a  light-colored 
annulus  about  the  median  constriction. 

Palpus,  fig.  34. 

Length,  2  mm. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1096,  $  . 
Type  locality:     New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 


Thomisid^ 

16.     Philodromus  syntheticus   Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :  Carapace  fulvous,  dusky  on  the  sides  and  on  posterior  end  of 
pars  cephalica.  Clypeus  crossed  by  two  vertical  bands  composed  of  dense, 
fine  black  dots ;  chelicerse  also  densely  dotted  on  front  face.    Sternum  and 


Philodromus  syntheticus 

Fig.  35.  Left  palpus  of  male,  ectal  view.     36.  The  same,  ventral 
view. 


Vol.  XIV]       CHAMBERLIN— NEW  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS  125 

coxae  of  legs  beneath,  yellow;  legs  yellowish,  marked  with  black;  the 
patellae,  femora,  tibiae  and  metatarsi  with  numerous  black  dots,  those 
on  tibiae  and  metatarsi  tending  to  condense  in  bands  at  the  ends 
and  also  at  middle  in  case  of  the  metatarsi.  Abdomen  with  the  usual 
spear-shaped  black  mark  at  base  followed  behind  by  two  longitudinal 
black  marks  on  each  side  of  middle,  these  converging  caudad  and  uniting 
in  front  of  spinnerets.  Sides  of  abdomen  finely  dotted  with  black,  the 
venter  immaculate. 

Anterior  row  of  eyes  slightly  recurved ;  eyes  subequal ;  median  eyes  a 
little  more  than  their  diameter  apart,  less  than  their  diameter  from  the 
laterals;  posterior  row  of  eyes  strongly  recurved,  the  eyes  equidistant; 
area  of  median  eyes  narrower  in  front  than  behind.  Palpus,  figs.  35 
and  Z6. 

Length,  5  mm. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,   $  . 

Type  locality:  Patagonia,  Arizona,  May,  1913.  R.  V. 
Chamberlin. 

In  the  greater  length  of  the  second  legs  this  species  is 
among  those  suggesting  Ebo,  but  the  relations  of  the  eyes 
separate  it  from  that  genus. 


Lycosid.e 
17.     Pardosa  heretica  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Female :  Under  alcohol  the  carapace  appears  nearly  black  excepting 
for  the  median  light  stripe  behind  the  eyes  which  is  as  wide  as  the  eye 
area ;  sternum  blackish  brown ;  legs  also  blackish  or  blackish  brown, 
lighter  distally ;  abdomen  blackish  above,  somewhat  lighter  along  the 
middle,  the  venter  lighter  as  usual. 

Anterior  row  of  eyes  much  shorter  than  the  second,  procurved ;  median 
eyes  decidedly  larger  than  the  laterals,  more  than  their  radius  apart  and 
about  an  equal  distance  from  the  laterals.  Upper  margin  of  furrow  of 
chelicera  with  three  teeth,  the  lower  with  but  two,  which  are  large.  Epi-^ 
gynum,  fig.  37. 

Length,  6  mm. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,  9  . 

Type   locality:     Patagonia,    Arizona.      R.    V.    Chamberlin 
coll. 


126 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Pardosa  heretica 

Fig.  37.  Epigynum. 

Readily  distinguished  in  having  only  two  teeth  on  lower 
margin  of  furrow  of  chelicera  but  three  on  the  upper  margin 
as  in  Lycosa,  and  in  the  peculiar  form  of  the  epigynum. 


OXYOPIDuE 

18.     Oxyopes  classicus  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Female:  Carapace  brown  with  the  usual  median  dorsal  lighter  stripe 
and  a  vertical  light  line  on  clypeus  widening  below.  Sternum  yellow  at 
the  middle  and  brown  at  the  sides.  Labium  nearly  black,  the  endites 
brown.     Legs  brown,   the    femora  darkened   and   other  joints   annulate. 


Oxyopes  classicus 

Fig.  38.  Epigynum. 

Venter  of  abdomen  with  a  median  longitudinal  dark  band,  each  side  of 
which  it  is  light  from  numerous  fine  yellow  dots  on  a  duller,  more  greyish 
background. 


Vol.  XIV]       CHAMBERLIN—NEIV  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS  127 

Abdomen  broad  anteriorly,  more  robust  than  in  sal  tic  us,  with  caudal 
end  abruptly  narrowing  to  an  acute  point.  The  species  seems  easily 
distinguishable  from  O.  salticus  Hentz,  aside  from  different  details  of 
coloration,  in  the  form  of  the  epigynum,  the  forwardly  projecting  process 
of  which  is  rounded  at  the  end  and  parallel-sided,  not  acute  (fig.  38). 

Length,  8  mm. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,   9  . 

Type  locality:     Altoona,  Florida.     One  female. 


19.     Oxyopeidon  haytianum  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Female :  In  general  size  and  appearance  this  species  resembles  O. 
cubanum.  It  differs  in  the  form  of  the  clypeus,  which  is  more  nearly 
vertical  and  is  not  so  conspicuously  convex  and  curved  back  at  its  lower 
end.  It  differs  also  in  the  form  of  the  abdomen,  which  is  high  behind, 
with  the  posterior  declivity  descending  almost  vertically  to  the  spinneretes. 

Carapace  light  chestnut,   clothed  with  narrow  white   scales ;   chelicerae 


Oxyopeidon  haytianum 

Fig.  39.  Epigynum. 

similar;  sternum  and  legs  yellowish;  abdomen  ventrally  light  and  without 
markings ;  dorsum  clothed  with  brown  and  white  scales.  Anterior  eyes 
rather  more  widely  separated  than  in  cubanum,  with  the  median  nearer 
to  each  other  than  to  the  laterals  instead  of  equidistant.  Epigynum,  fig. 
39. 

Length,  7  mm. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1189,  $  . 

Type  locality:     Hayti.     One  female.     Crew  coll. 


128  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

20.     Oxyopeidon  communicans  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Female:  This  species  differs  from  haytianum  in  having  the  carapace 
higher  behind  just  in  front  of  the  posterior  declivity  than  in  the  eye- 
region  instead  of  having  the  dorsal  line  descend  gradually  caudad. 

Carapace  brown,  somewhat  dusky  on  the  sides  and  clothed  with  white 
scales.  Sternum  and  coxse  of  legs  beneath  yellow.  Legs  fulvous  or 
light  brown,  vaguely  annulate  with  dark.  Abdomen  slender,  regularly 
narrowing  caudad  from  middle,  the  dorsal  line  evenly  descending,  not  more 


Oxyopeidon  communicans 
Fig.  40.  Epigynum. 

abruptly  bent  at  caudal  end ;  a  black  spear-shaped  mark  at  base  above 
and  some  black  chevron  lines  behind ;  the  sides  also  blackish ;  the  venter 
pale,  marked  with  one  or  more  black  lines.  Eyes  of  anterior  row  equi- 
distant ;  no  transverse  depression  above  the  anterior  row  of  eyes.  Epi- 
gynum, fig.  40. 
Length  5.5  mm. 

Holotype:    M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1190,  9  . 

Type  locality:     Hayti.    One  female.    Crew  coll. 


21.     Oxyopeidon  cubanum  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Hamataliwa  grisea    Banks    (not    of    Keyserling),    in   part,    Second    Rep. 
Cent.  Exp.  Sta.  Cuba,  1909,  p.  167. 

Female :  Integument  of  carapace  fulvous,  dusky  over  sides  and  cly- 
peus ;  sternum  yellowish ;  chelicerse  clothed  with  white  scales.  Legs  ful- 
vous, in  part  somewhat  dusky,  the  metatarsi  obscurely  triannulate  and  in 
life  it  is  possible  that  other  joints  may  have  showed  annuli.  Abdomen 
dark  in   a  mark  at  base  and  over  sides ;  also   in  a  longitudinal   median 


Vol.  XIV 1       CIIAMDERLIX—NEIV  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS 


129 


ventral  band ;  it  is  wholly  denuded  of  hair  at  present  and  the  markings 
as  in  life  cannot  be  determined. 

Anterior  row  of  eyes  strongly  recurved,  eyes  equidistant,  the  laterals 
greatly  exceeding  the  medians,  as  usual.     Posterior  row  of  eyes  strongly 


Oxyopeidon  cuhanuni 

Fig.  41.  Epigynum. 

procurved,  with  the  medians  two-thirds  as  far  from  the  laterals  as  from 
each  other.     Abdomen  conspicuously  pointed  behind  over  posterior  third 
of  its  length,  but  without  distinct  lateral  tubercles.    Epigynum,  fig.  41. 
Length,  6  mm. 

Holotypc:     M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1187,   9. 

Type  locality:     Santiago  de  las  Vegas,  Cuba.     Baker  coll. 
One  female. 


22.     Oxyopeidon  tuberculatum  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Haviataliwa  grisea  Banks    (nee  Keyserling),  in  part.   Second  Rep.  Cent. 
Exp.  Sta.  Cuba,  1909,  p.  167. 

Female :  The  specimen  has  been  too  long  preserved  to  show  color 
markings  at  all  clearly.  At  present  the  entire  carapace  is  a  uniform  dusky 
fulvous  and  is  clothed  with  scales  that  appear  dark.  Sternum  and  legs 
yellowish,  with  femora  of  the  latter  dusky;  annuli  may  have  been  present 
in  fresh  specimens  but  they  do  not  show  at  present.  No  definite  markings 
are  now  apparent  on  abdomen. 

Head  strongly  transversely  furrowed  or  depressed  above  eyes,  the  de- 
pression more  sharply  pronounced  than  in  cubanum  with  which  the  eyes 
nearly   agree   in   their  relations.     The   abdomen   is   pointed   behind   as   in 


130 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


cubanum,  but  is  characterized  by  the  presence  of  a  conspicuous  tubercle 
on  each  side  just  in  front  of  the  narrowing  caudal  region.  Epigynum, 
fig.  43. 

Length,  4.6  mm. 


Oxyopeidon  tuberculatum 

Fig.  42.  Abdomen.    43.  Epigynum,  probably  not  quite  mature. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,  1188,  2. 

Type  locality:     Santiago  de  las  Vegas,  Cuba. 

Salticid^ 

23.     Sitticus  synopticus  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Female :  Under  alcohol  the  carapace  shows  a  distinct  median  longi- 
tudinal light  stripe  extending  from  a  light  area  in  the  ocular  region 
caudad  and  down  the  posterior  declivity;  black  each  side  of  the  median 
stripe ;    sides   light   excepting   a   black   marginal   line ;    sternum   and    legs 


Sitticus  synopticus 

Fig.  44.  Epigynum. 


flavous,  unmarked.  Abdomen  yellow  below ;  dorsum  dark  at  the  sides 
with  a  median  light  stripe  enclosing  a  lanceolate  dark  mark  anteriorly, 
from  which  two  lines  extend  out  on  each  side  to  the  dark  area. 


Vol,  XIV]       CHAMBERLIN—NEW  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS  I3I 

Tibia  I  has  below  two  pairs  of  spines  and  a  single  spine  at  anterior 
end ;  one  spine  on  anterior  face ;  tibia  II  has  three  spines  under  posterior 
border  and  a  single  spine  on  anterior  face.    Epigynum  as  shown  in  fig.  44. 

Length,  5.5  mm. ;  cephalothorax,  3  mm. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,  1057,  9  . 

Type  locality:     Sausalito,  Cal.     R.  V.  Chamberlin  coll. 

Genus  Anicius  Chamberlin,  new  genus 

Resembles  Wala  in  general  appearance  but  differs  in  having 
a  compound,  two-cusped  tooth  on  the  lower  margin  of  the 
furrow  of  the  chelicera.  Cephalothorax  relatively  a  little 
longer  and  more  nearly  parallel-sided.  Quadrangle  of  poster- 
ior eyes  wider  than  long,  as  wide  in  front  as  behind,  shorter 
than  thoracic  division.  Anterior  row  of  eyes  with  line  of 
upper  edges  a  little  recurved,  nearly  straight.  Tibia  I  with 
three  pairs  of  spines  beneath;  tibia  II  with  two  seriate  spines 
beneath  as  in  Icius.  Abdomen  slender,  narrowed  caudad. 
First  legs  much  heavier  and  longer  than  the  others  and  the 
fourth  clearly  exceeding  the  third. 

Genotype:     Anicius  dolius,  new  species. 


24.     Anicius  dolius  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :  In  general  light  in  color.  A  band  of  white  hair  along  each  side 
of  carapace  above  a  darker  border.  Palpi  and  first  legs  blackish,  strongly 
contrasting  with  the  three  last  pairs  of  legs,  which  are  light  yellow,  much 
as  in  Wala.  Abdomen  with  two  longitudinal  bands  of  white  hair  corre- 
sponding to  those  of  carapace ;  the  intervening  dorsal  region  bordered 
with  a  deep-colored  line  on  each  side,  a  dark  median  band  sending  out 
branches  to  these  lines,  herring-bone  like,  and  clothed  with  iridescent 
scales ;  venter  with  three  dark  longitudinal  lines  combined  with  each 
other  at  ends,  a  lighter  stripe  along  each  side. 

First  legs  much  heavier  and  longer  than  the  others.     Palpus,  fig.  45. 

Length,  4  mm.;  cephalothorax,  1.8  mm. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1066,  $  . 

Type  locality :     Guadalajara,  Mexico.    One  male. 


132 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Aniciiis  dolius 

Fig.  45.  Right  palpus  of  male,  ventral  view.     46.  Tibia  and  basal 
part  of  tarsus  of  same,  ectal  view. 


25.     Phidippus  pogonopus  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :  Carapace  with  integument  brown,  rubbed  bare  in  type ;  clypeus 
bearing  long,  greyish-brown  hair;  chelicerae  green  in  front.  First  legs 
heavily  fringed  beneath;  the  fringe  of  femur  long,  black  excepting  proxi- 


Phidippus  pogonopus 

Fig.  47.  Right  palpus  of  male,  ventral  view.     48.  Tibia  and  base 
of  tarsus  of  same,  ectal  view. 


Vol.  XIV]       CHAMBERLIN— NEW  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS  I33 

mally  where  white;  fringe  of  patella  black  on  ectal  half,  white  on  mesal; 
fringe  of  tibia  black  excepting  a  few  white  hairs  at  proximal  end ;  fringe 
of  metatarsus  white  on  proximal  portion,  black  on  distal ;  fringe  of  tarsus 
white;  the  other  legs  are  also  fringed  ventrally,  the  fringe  becoming 
more  sparse  from  second  to  fourth  legs.  Integument  of  abdomen  dor- 
sally  showing  a  light  band  at  base  ending  squarely  at  middle  where  each 
angle  is  extended  laterally ;  an  oblique  light  line  on  each  side  of  this  basal 
mark  and  behind  it  two  transverse  light  lines  on  each  side ;  a  clothing  of 
light  grey  or  white  hair  over  anterior  face  and  back  on  the  sides,  some 
being  also  still  present  on  middorsal  region  though  here  most  are  rubbed 
off  the  type  specimen.  Integument  of  venter  paler  but  clothed  with  fine, 
longer  black  hair.  Palpus,  figs.  47  and  48. 
Length,  9  mm ;  cephalothorax,  4.5  mm. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,  1069,  $  . 

Type  locality:     Green  River,  Utah,  1921.    R.  V.  Chamber- 
lin  Jr.     One  adult  male  and  one  immature  specimen. 


26.     Phidippus  molinor  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Female :  Integument  within  ocular  area  reddish,  elsewhere  on  the 
carapace  of  a  duller  color,  black  about  eyes ;  carapace  clothed  with  light 
grey  hair,  uniform,  without  distinct  bands;  clypeus  densely  clothed  with 
white  hair;  white  hair  also  on  upper  part  of  chelicerse.    Legs  brown,  hair 


Phidippus  molinor 

Fig.  49.  Epigynum. 

grey,  with  the  usual  longer  dark  setae.  Integument  of  dorsum  of  abdomen 
chocolate  colored,  with  an  H-shaped  light  mark  in  anterior  region,  the 
cross-piece  extended  caudad  at  middle ;  a  pair  of  light  spots  behind  the 
H-mark  and  farther  behind  two  oblique  lines  on  each  side  proceeding 
from  the  light  area  of  the  sides ;  sides  crossed  with  broken  oblique  bars 
of  chocolate  color ;  venter  with  a  median  dark  stripe,  the  lateral  parts 


134 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser. 


light;  abdomen  clothed  with  whitish  hair  or  scales  like  those  of  carapace 
and  legs,  this  hair  apparently  denser  on  the  light  areas  of  integument. 

Epigynum,  fig.  49. 

Length,  7.8  mm. 

Holotype:    M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1071,  $  . 

Type  locality:     Mill  Creek  Canyon,  Utah.    One  female.    R. 
V.  Chamberlin. 


27.     Dendryphantes  mylothrus  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :  Integument  of  both  cephalothorax  and  abdomen  dark,  nearly 
black.  On  carapace  a  band  of  white  hair  along  each  side  back  of  the 
posterior  eye  and  extending  to  and  down  the  posterior  declivity ;  a  trans- 


Dendryphantes  mylotlvrus 

Fig.  50.  Left  palpus  of  male,  ectal  view, 
view. 


51.  The  same,  ventral 


verse  band  of  white  hair  behind  posterior  eyes,  with  white  hair  also  back 
of  anterior  eyes.  Legs  blackish  throughout  excepting  tarsi  or  tarsi  and 
metatarsi  which  are  less  dusky.  Abdomen  very  dark,  a  band  of  white 
hair  about  anterior  end  and  caudad  along  the  sides  with  some  also  dor- 
sally  but  with  no  distinct  markings  on  dorsum  shown  by  type. 

The  species  is  characterized  particularly  by  the  form  of  the  embolus 
which,  while  distally  suggesting  that  oi  D.  capitatus,  is  clearly  different 


Vol.  XIV]       CHAMBERLIN~NEW  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS 


135 


in  the  longer  and  decidedly  curved  proximal  portion.     See  further  figs. 
50  and  51. 
Length,  5.5  mm ;  cephalothorax,  3  mm. 

Holotype:    M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1055,  $  . 

Type  locality:  Mill  Creek  Canyon,  Utah.  R.  V.  Cham- 
berlin  coll. 

Females  from  the  same  locality  and  perhaps  belonging  with 
this  male  specifically  are  in  coloration  and  general  structure  ap- 
parently very  close  to  capitattis  and  ceneolus,  the  epigynum 
being  of  the  same  type  as  in  the  latter  species. 


28.     Dendryphantes  mimus  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :  Coloration  much  as  in  sausalitanus ;  carapace  similarly  dark 
and  with  a  broad  band  of  white  hair  on  each  side;  legs  similarly  but 
not  so  strongly  darkened.  Abdomen  with  median  region  darker,  bordered 
with  a  lighter  stripe  on  each  side,  the  sides  and  lateral  portion  of  dorsum 
dark  excepting  for  a  light  band  around  anterior  end  and  extending  back 


Dendryphantes  mimus 

Fig.    52.    Epigynum.      53.    Right    palpus    of    male,    ventral    view. 
54.  The  same,  ectal  view. 


135  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

on  each  side  to  spinnerets;  dorsum  without  markings  or  with  some  paler 
chevron  marks  obscure. 

Chelicerae  small,  vertical.  Spines  under  tibia,  I,  3-3,  with  those  under 
the  posterior  border  much  more  widely  separated  than  the  anterior  ones. 

Palpus  short,  with  the  tarsus  comparatively  large  as  in  sausalitanns 
rather  than  as  in  melanomerus  and  mathetes;  embolus  furcate  as  in  capi- 
tatus  but  the  main  branch  straight  and  truncate  at  the  end  (figs.  53  and 
54). 

Length,  4  mm ;  cephalothorax,  2  mm. 

Female :  What  is  presumably  the  female  of  this  species  differs  in  color 
from  the  male  in  having  the  legs  yellow  and  unmarked  with  dark,  or 
the  posterior  pairs  with  an  obscure  annulus  at  distal  end  of  joints ;  cara- 
pace lighter  above;  white  bands  of  sides  uniting  and  covering  posterior 
declivity;  head  in  eye  region  clothed  with  grey  hair  and  dark  ones  inter- 
mixed ;  clypeus  and  upper  part  of  chelicerae  clothed  with  white  hair.  Ab- 
domen with  a  median  longitudinal  pale  stripe  bordered  on  each  side,  with 
a  more  or  less  interrupted  dark  band  in  which  are  some  deeper  spots,  the 
median  region  enclosing  a  herring-bone  mark  which  extends  nearly  to 
spinnerets ;  a  light  band  across  anterior  end  and  extending  caudad  on  each 
side  to  spinnerets. 

Epigynum,  fig.  52. 

Length,  up  to  6  mm.  when  abdomen  is  extended ;  cephalothorax,  2  mm. 

Holotype:  M.  C.  Z.,  1047,  $  ;  Allotype,  M.  C.  Z.,  1048, 
5  ;  Paratypes,  M.  C.  Z. 

Type  locality:     Pecos,   New  Mexico.     R.   V.   Chamberlin. 

Other  locality:     Del  Norte,  Colorado. 


29.     Dendryphantes  apachecus  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :  Carapace  dark.  The  type  is  too  much  rubbed  to  determine 
character  of  the  original  hair  covering  accurately,  but  it  obviously  had 
normally  white  hairs  on  the  sides  and  posterior  declivity  of  carapace, 
these  being  denser  along  the  lateral  borders.  Chelicerae  black.  Femora 
of  legs  dark,  the  color  of  the  first  ones  deepest,  black  or  nearly  so ;  other 
joints  lighter,  but  the  patellae  and  tibiae,  especially  of  the  anterior  pairs, 
more  or  less  dusky.  Integument  of  dorsum  of  abdomen  black  along  each 
side,  leaving  a  paler  median  stripe  over  entire  length  which  encloses  a 
dark  lanceolate  mark  in  its  anterior  two  thirds ;  a  white  stripe  across 
anterior  end  and  back  along  each  side;  lower  part  of  sides  dark,  the 
midventral  region  paler. 


\'0L.  XIV]       CHAMBERLIN—NEW  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS 


137 


Chelicerae  oblique,  the  claws  rather  long  and  somewhat  sinuous.  Palpi 
slender,  the  tarsus  small.  Bulb  and  apophysis  as  shown  in  figs.  55  and  56. 
Characterized  readily  by  the  form  of  the  embolus. 

Length,  4.2  n:m;  cephalothorax,  2  mm. 


Dendryphantes  apachccus 

Fig.  55.  Right  palpus  of  male,  ectal  view.     56.  The  same,  more 
enlarged,  ventral  view. 

Holotypc:  M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1051,  $  ;  Paratype,  M.  C.  Z.,  No. 
1052. 

Type  locality:  Precise  locality  uncertain,  but  possibly 
Thatcher,  Arizona.  R.  V.  Chamberlin,  1913.  Other  locality, 
Ft.  Collins,  Colorado.    R.  V.  Chamberlin,  1904. 


30.     Dendryphantes  sausalitanus  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :  A  broad  band  of  white  hair  below  eyes  on  each  side  ana  ex- 
tending caudad  to  posterior  declivity,  some  white  hairs  also  above  eyes 
of  first  row  and  mesad  of  others.  Femora  entirely  black,  or,  posterior 
ones  in  particular,  paler  at  proximal  end ;  patellae  black  distally ;  tibiae 
entirely  dark  or,  on  posterior  legs,  with  the  dark  color  tending  to  condense 
into  a  broad  band ;  metatarsus  dark  distally,  the  color  tending  to  diffuse 
in  anterior  legs ;  tarsi  pale ;  tarsus  of  palpus  dark,  with  some  white  scales 
above ;  coxse  of  legs  pale.  Sternum  blackish.  Abdomen  wholly  dark  ex- 
cepting for  the  usual  light  band  across  anterior  end  and  part  way  back 


138 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser. 


on  sides ;  the  dorsum  in  the  two  types  showing  no  markings,  or,  in  one, 
with  vague  traces  of  paired  spots  of  white  hair. 

CheHcerfe  small,  only  a  little  oblique.  Spines  of  antior  tibise  as  usual. 
Palpus,  figs.  57  and  58. 

Length,  4.2  mm. ;  cephalothorax,  2  mm. 


Dendryphantes  sausalitanus 

Fig.  57.  Right  palpus  of  male,  ectal  view.     58.  The  same,  more 
enlarged,  ventral  view. 

Holotype:  M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1045,  $  ;  Paratype,  M.  C.  Z.,  No. 
1046,  $. 

Type  locality:  Sausalito,  California,  1909.  R.  V.  Cham- 
berlin  coll. 

In  general  appearance  suggesting  ceneohis,  but  readily  dis- 
tinguished from  that  and  related  species  in  the  peculiar  notched 
tibial  apophysis  of  the  male  palpus  and  the  form  of  the  embolus. 


31.     Dendryphantes  mathetes  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male:  Carapace  dark;  clothed  along  lateral  borders  with  a  band  of 
white  hair  narrowing  forward  as  in  melanomerus,  the  upper  part  of 
carapace  in  the  type  rubbed  so  that  character  of  its  clothing  cannot  be 
ascertained.  Legs  colored  as  in  melanomerus.  Chelicerae  dark,  the  an- 
terior face  black.     Abdomen  dark  below  and  on  sides ;  a  narrow  light 


\0L.  XIV]       CHAMBERLIN—NEW  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS 


139 


band  around  anterior  end  and  extending  caudad  on  each  side  to  or  be- 
hind middle;  two  Hght  lines  corresponding  to  those  in  melanomerus  but 
these  meeting  at  an  angle  on  the  dorsum  and  preceded  by,  more  or  less 
confluent  with,  a  second  chevron  which  in  turn  is  preceded  by  a  pair  of 
light  marks,  the  middorsal  region  appearing  light  caudad  to  spinnerets. 
Spines  under  tibia  I,  3-3,  the  posterior  three  a  little  more  widely  spaced 
than  the  anterior  ones;  spines  under  tibia  II,  1-3, 


Dendryphantes  mathetes 

Fig.  59.  Right  palpus  of  male,  ectal  view.    60.  The  same,  ventral 
view. 

Chelicerae  of  ordinary  size,  oblique,  the  claws  more  sinuous  and  more 
uniformly  narrowing  distad  than  in  melanomerus. 

Palpus,  figs.  59  and  60.  The  form  of  the  embolus  is  distinctive.  The 
palpus  is  heavier  and  its  tarsus  larger  than  in  melanomerus. 

Length,  3.5  mm. ;  cephalothorax,  2  mm. 

Holotype:  M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1043,  S  ;  Paratype,  M.  C.  Z.,  No. 
1044,  $. 

Type  locality:  Claremont,  California,  1909.  R.  V.  Cham- 
berlin  coll. 


32.     Pellenes  contingens  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Female :  Integument  of  carapace  blackish ;  clothed  with  grey  hair,  and 
with  the  usual  longer  dark  bristles.  Clypeus  white,  with  a  dark  oblique 
stripe  beginning  at  each  anterior  median  eye.  Legs  also  clothed  with  grey. 
Abdomen  clothed  with  grey  hair ;  a  band  of  white  across  anterior  end ;  two 


140  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Pkoc.  4th  Ser. 

white  transverse  or  oblique  marks  on  each  side  of  dorsum,  one  near  and 
one  behind  middle,  a  median  white  spot  between  the  levels  of  these  two 
and  a  smaller  one  behind  it;  venter  clothed  with  lighter,  nearly  white  hair. 


Pellenes  contingens 

Fig.  61.  Epigynum. 

Tibia  I  with  three  pairs  of  spines  beneath.  Tibia  II  with  four  spines 
beneath,  one  at  distal  end  under  anterior  border  and  three  under  posterior 
border,  of  which  the  distal  may  apparently  be  sometimes  absent.  Epi- 
gynum, fig.  61. 

Length,  7  mm. ;   cephalothorax,  3  mm. 

Holotype:  M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1064,  9  ;  Paratype,  M.  C.  Z., 
1065.   9. 

Type  locality:     Guadalajara,  Mexico. 


33.     Pellenes  grammaticus  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Female :  Integument  of  carapace  darkest,  blackish,  on  head,  a  lighter 
band  on  each  side  of  dorsal  part  of  thorax;  clothed  with  greyish  hair;  no 
definite  bands  detectable,  though  the  specimen  is  considerably  rubbed. 
Clypeus  clothed  with  white  hair,  with  no  darker  markings.     Legs   with 


Pellenes  grammaticus 

Fig.  62.  Epigynum. 

integument  strongly  annulate  with  black,  the  blackish  color  more  or  less 
diffused  on  anterior  legs  on  joints  proximad  of  the  metatarsi.  Integu- 
ment of  the  abdomen  dark,  nearly  black  above,  with  a  median  herring-bone 
stripe  over  its  entire  length,  this  stripe  fulvous,  and  also  light  marks  on 
the  sides ;   dorsum  rubbed  nearly  bare,   but  whitish  hair   is  present  over 


Vol.  XIV]       CHAMBERLIN—NEW  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPIDERS  14^ 

anterior  surface  and  back  along  sides ;  venter  clothed  with  light  grey 
or  whitish  hair,  the  integument  beneath  being  mottled  with  dark. 

Tibia  I  with  five  spines  beneath,  two  under  anterior  border  and  three 
under  the  posterior,  the  distal  two  of  these  paired  with  the  corresponding 
anterior  ones.  Tibia  II  with  four  spines,  one  at  distal  end  under  anterior 
border  and  three  under  posterior  border  of  which  the  distal  one  is  re- 
duced.    Epigynum,  fig.  62. 

Length,  6  mm. ;  cephalothorax,  2.8  mm. 

Holotye:     M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1068,  ?. 

Type  locality:     Thatcher,   Arizona,    1913.     R.   V.   Cham- 
be  rhii. 


34.     Pellenes  leuceres  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Female :  Carapace  clothed  with  light  grey  or  whitish  hair  throughout, 
with  no  bands  or  markings.  Clypeus  with  a  dense  clothing  of  white  hair 
excepting  for  an  oblique  dark  band  under  each  anterior  median  eye.    Legs 


i 


^, 


Pellenes  leuceres 

Fig.  63.  Epigynum. 

also  clothed  with  hair  like  that  of  carapace.     Abdomen  clothed  through- 
out with  light  grey  or  whitish  hair  like  that  of  carapace,  the  venter  a 
clearer  white.    Epigynum,  fig.  63. 
Length,  6.5  mm. ;  cephalothorax,  3.2  mm. 

Holotye:     M.  C.  Z.,  No.  1063,  5. 

Type  locality:  Auburn,  Alabama,  July,  1909.  R.  V.  Cham- 
berHn. 

This  species  suggests  sabulosus  Peckham,  but  differs  in  the 
more  uniform  coloring  of  hairs  of  thorax  and  abdomen  which 
lack  the  distinct  bands  and  spots.  It  has  similarly  oblique  lines 
on  the  clypeus,  but  these  are  black  instead  of  chestnut.  The 
epigyna  are  very  similar. 


J42  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

35.     Pellenes  neomexicanus  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Female :  Carapace  clothed  throughout  with  grey  hair,  showing  no  dis- 
tinct markings.  Clypeus  clothed  with  white  hair,  with  no  trace  of  dark 
spots  or  bands.  Legs  yellow,  clothed  with  white  scale-like  hairs.  Ab- 
domen rubbed  bare ;  the  integument  dark,  with  oblique  light  stripes  up 
the  sides ;  venter  yellow. 

Tibia  I  very  short,  bearing  below  four  spines,  one  under  anterior  bor- 
der and  three  in  series  under  posterior  border.  Tibia  II  also  with  four 
spines  beneath  arranged  as  on  tibia  I.    Epigynum,  fig.  64. 

Length,  7  mm. ;  cephalothorax,  2.5  mm. 


Pellenes  neomexicanus 

Fig.  64.  Epigynum. 

Holotype:     M.  C.  Z.,  1067,   9  . 

Type  locality:     Albuquerque,  New  Mexico.     R.  V.  Cham- 
berlin. 

In  form  of  epigynum  suggesting  P.  carolinensls,  but  readily 
distinguished  by  dififerent  color  markings,  spining  of  legs,  etc. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 
Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  8,  pp.  143-169,  plates  11-14  August  14, 1925 


VIII 

ANATOMY  OF  LANX,  A  LIMPET-LIKE  LYMN^ID 

MOLLUSK 

BY 

H.  BURRINGTON  BAKER 
University  of  Pennsylvania 

In  a  recent  paper,  Dr.  Henry  A.  Pilsbry^  pointed  out  that  the 
genus  Lanx  differed  from  the  Ancylidae  in  the  position  of  the 
apex  of  the  shell,  in  the  absence  of  a  distinct  pseudobranch, 
and  in  the  Lymnaeid  form  of  the  jaw  and  dentition.  For 
these  reasons,  he  decided  that  the  Lancidae  should  be  separated 
as  a  family,  with  Lymnaeid  rather  than  Ancylid  affinities. 

About  the  same  time,  Dr.  G.  Dallas  Hanna,  Curator  of 
Paleontology,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  wrote  me  that 
he  had  specimens  of  Lanx  with  the  animal,  originally  preserved 
in  formalin,  and  very  generously  put  them  at  my  disposal. 
One  lot,  from  which  the  dissections  were  made,  consisted  of 
seven  specimens  of  Lanx  alta  (Tryon)  from  Klamath  River 
(on  rocks  in  swift  water),  Klamathton,  California,  collected 
by  G.  A.  Coleman  (Nov.  13,  1924).  Although  considerably 
retracted  and  stiffened  by  the  formalin,  they  made  very  satis- 
factory material  for  dissection.  The  other  set  consisted  of 
smaller  and  somewhat  lower  specimens  (slightly  approaching 
Lanx  suhrotundata)  from  Rogue  River,  6  miles  south  of 
Grants  Pass,  Oregon,  collected  by  G.  D.  Hanna   (Nov.   15, 

1  1925,  Naut.  XXXVIII,   73-75. 

August  14,  1925 


244  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

1924)  ;  it  was  used  in  the  preparation  of  a  second  series  of 
transverse  sections.  The  identifications  were  made  by  Dr. 
Pilsbry,  whose  many  helpful  criticisms  were  of  greatest  assist- 
ance. The  dissections  were  worked  out  and  figured  at  the 
Zoological  Laboratory  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

Especial  acknowledgment  is  due  Dr.  Eleanor  Carothers,  of 
the  same  laboratory,  for  the  preparation  of  two  very  valuable 
series  of  transverse  sections.  As  those  cut  from  a  Rogue  River 
specimen  show  less  maceration  than  the  series  from  typical 
Lanx  alta,  the  former  are  used  for  some  of  the  histological 
figures,  but  only  in  cases  where  the  essential  structure  is  the 
same  in  both  forms.  The  series  are  stained  with  alum-co- 
chineal and  counter-stained  with  orange  G. 

In  order  to  facilitate  comparison  of  the  figures  made  from 
different  animals,  the  measurements  in  millimeters  are  given 
below  for  the  shells  of  the  individuals  studied. 

Length      Width  Height 


Klamath  River; 

;  No.  1 

15.9 

77  (12.3) 

50  (8.1) 

Figs.  2-4,  16 

No.  2 

14.5 

75  (10.9) 

50  (7.2) 

Figs.  5,  6,  14,  15 

No.  3 

13.0 

76     (9.9) 

48  (6.2) 

Figs.  7-13,  17-19,  21 

No.  4 

12.9 

72    (9.3) 

45  (5.8) 

Figs.  23,  24 

No.  5 

12.8 

79  (10.1) 

52  (6.6) 

Fig.  1 

No.  6 

12.2 

79     (9.6) 

54  (6.6) 

No.  7 

11.1 

83     (9.2) 

54  (6.1) 

Rogue  River ; 

No.  8 

9.3 

82     (7.6) 

43  (4.0) 

Figs.  20,  22,  27 

Eleven  specimens,  from  some  of  which  the  animals  were 
taken  for  dissection,  are  in  the  collection  of  type  material  of 
the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  where  they  bear  Nos.  1783- 
1794.  Others  from  the  same  lots  have  been  deposited  in  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 

Like  the  shell,  the  body  is  broadly  conical,  with  the  apex 
distinctly  in  front  of  the  center  and  slightly  to  the  left  (fig. 
2).  The  dorsal  side  of  the  cephalic  end  shows  transverse 
wrinkles  between  and  around  the  bases  of  the  broadly  tri- 
angular tentacles,  just  in  front  of  which  are  the  rather  prom- 
inent eyes.  The  male  sex-opening  is  an  inconspicuous  orifice 
at  the  bottom  of  a  conical  depression,  just  behind  the  posterior 
end  of  the  right  tentacle  (fig.  1).  The  roughly  crescentic 
ventral  surface  of  the  head  is  covered  with  coarse  bosses;  the 


Vol.  XIV]  BAKER— ANATOMY  OF  LANX  I45 

T-shaped  mouth  is  on  a  prominence  a  short  distance  in  front 
of  the  groove  which  borders  the  foot. 

The  foot  is  large  and  has  a  very  thick,  muscular  sole,  well 
adapted  for  attachment  to  rocks  in  swift  water.  Its  sides  are 
somewhat  wrinkled,  due  to  the  retraction,  but  are  otherwise 
quite  smooth  and  lightly  pigmented.  Its  epidermis  is  a  simple 
columnar  epithelium,  while  its  interior  contains  a  rather  loose 
network  of  interlacing  muscle-fibers.  Just  above  the  sole 
(F,  fig.  11),  the  interspaces  are  filled  with  masses  of  mucous 
cells,  but  above  this  denser  zone  is  a  much  broader  one  with 
numerous  sinuses  (S,  fig.  11).  The  female  sex-opening  ap- 
pears as  a  prominent  longitudinal  slit  with  thick  lips,  in  the 
upper  portion  of  the  right  side  of  the  foot,  about  Ys  the  body- 
length  from  the  anterior  end  of  the  animal  (fig.  1). 

When  the  shell  is  removed  (fig.  2),  the  cut  ends  of  the 
columellar  muscle-fibers  appear  as  a  white  band  which  com- 
pletely surrounds  the  visceral  dome,  except  for  a  small  gap 
(sometimes  closed  dorsally)  just  above  the  lung.  Immediately 
behind  this  gap,  a  stout  column  of  muscle  (M,  fig.  3)  is  sep- 
arated from  the  remainder  of  the  ring  ventrally,  but  partially 
fuses  near  the  shell.  All  of  the  muscle-strands  descend  ventrad 
from  the  shell  (or  scar)  as  a  dense  mass  (M,  fig.  11 ),  to  spread 
out  widely  between  the  sinuses  of  the  foot.  This  is  a  very  dif- 
ferent arrano^ement  from  the  three  columns  of  muscle  in  Hebe- 
tancylus  moricandi  (von  Ihering;  1891,  Bull.  Sci.  France- 
Belg.  XXIII,  fig.  iv-8). 

The  visceral  dome  inside  of  this  columellar  ring  is  covered 
by  a  very  thin,  darkly-pigmented,  but  slightly  translucent 
membrane,  which  practically  consists  of  a  single  layer  of  flat- 
tened cells;  this  is  fused  to  the  inside  of  the  ring  a  short  dis- 
tance below  the  attachment  of  the  latter  to  the  shell.  Outside 
of  the  muscle-scar,  the  mantle  forms  a  broad,  continuous,  jet- 
black  band,  covered  with  concentric  wrinkles  (figs.  8-10),  and 
margined  with  white  at  its  free  border.  This  band  is  slightly 
narrower  on  the  left  side  (appears  much  more  so  in  fig.  2,  due 
to  the  steeper  slope  of  the  left  side)  and  is  slightly  notched  at 
the  center  of  its  anterior  end.  The  epidermis  of  this  black  band 
consists  of  simple  columnar  epithelium  which  is  full  of  very 
opaque  pigment.     The  outer,  white  band  develops  higher,  but 

August  14,  1925 


J46  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

non-pigmented  cells  (figs.  8-10)  ;  below  these,  numerous  neu- 
rocytes suggest  that  this  zone  has  a  sensory  function. 

The  thick,  muscular,  free  mantle  juts  out  some  distance  all 
around  the  foot.  Under  its  edge  is  a  thickened  fold  (fig.  1), 
which  forms  the  special  organ  for  aeration;  this  is  heaviest  just 
behind  the  gap  in  the  muscle-ring  and  decreases  in  prominence 
in  both  directions  until  it  is  practically  obsolete  at  the  anterior 
mantle-notch.  The  large  sinuses  in  this  fold  (S,  figs.  8-10) 
are  drained  by  two  mantle  veins  which  join,  opposite  the 
muscle-gap,  to  form  the  principal  pulmonary  vessel  or  vena 
cava.  The  common  opening  of  the  lung  and  hind-gut  is  a  little 
to  the  right  of  the  posterior  end  in  the  very  edge  of  the  mantle 
(A,  figs.  1-3).  The  lower  side  of  the  free  mantle  is  covered  by 
a  simple  columnar  epithelium  similar  to  that  of  the  foot. 
Although  clumps  of  nerve  cells  are  quite  frequent  in  this  vi- 
cinity, I  am  unable  to  distinguish  a  definite  "osphradium"  in 
any  of  my  preparations,  unless  the  plications  of  the  cavity  be- 
hind the  confluence  of  the  lung  and  hind-gut  (A,  fig.  8)  repre- 
sent such  a  structure. 

The  lung  is  clearly  vestigial  and  must  play  practically  no 
role  in  respiration.  It  is  roughly  comma-shaped  (broken  lines, 
fig.  2),  with  the  point  of  the  comma  at  the  confluence  with  the 
hind-gut  and  the  elongate  dot  across  the  front  of  the  visceral 
dome  (Z,  fig.  11),  mainly  behind  the  pericardium.  Its  lining 
consists  of  a  single  layer  of  very  flat  cells  (fig.  7)  and  does 
not  appear  to  be  associated  with  any  special  blood-spaces.  The 
enormous  pericardium  (fig.  6)  lies  between  the  lung  and  the 
anterior  region  of  the  muscle-ring  (H,  fig.  2).  The  renoperi- 
cardial  orifice  (X,  fig.  6)  is  opposite  the  middle  of  the  ventricle 
of  the  heart.  The  elongate  kidney  lies  (K,  fig.  2)  above  the 
lung  parallel  to  the  pericardium.  The  lumen  of  the  main  por- 
tion is  rendered  complexly  sacculate  (fig.  6)  by  cords  and 
trabeculse  (K,  fig.  11)  of  the  same  rather  low,  columnar  cells 
that  form  its  lining;  these  partitions  disappear  as  the  kidney 
passes  gradually  into  the  ureter  (U,  fig.  9),  which  is  also  sur- 
rounded by  similar  epithelium.  These  renal  epithelia  (fig.  7) 
are  characterized  by  the  peculiar  position  of  the  nuclei  near  the 
luminal  ends  of  the  cells  and  by  the  rather  large  vacuoles 
nearer  their  outer  ends ;  the  tissue  appears  to  have  a  marked 


Vol.  XIV]  BAKER— ANATOMY  OF  LANX  147 

affinity  for  the  orange  G  but  practically  none  for  the  red  stain. 
Inside  of  the  mantle,  the  ureter  (U)  is  about  half  as  large  as 
and  lies  laterad  to  the  lung  (Z,  fig.  10),  into  which  it  opens 
(fig.  9)  about  2  mm.  above  the  confluence  of  the  latter  with  the 
hind-gut  (fig.  8). 

From  the  above,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  pallial  complex  of 
Lanx  is  Lymnaeid  in  its  general  plan,  and  has  nothing  in  com- 
mon with  that  of  the  Ancylidae;  even  the  gill-like  fold  is  of 
quite  different  character  from  the  pseudobranch  of  the  latter 
family.  In  comparison  with  Lymncea  stagnalis^  and  Lymncea 
reflexa^,  the  reduction  in  size  of  the  lung  is  not  out  of  pro- 
portion to  that  of  the  entire  visceral  mass.  However, 
the  lack  of  venation  and  the  confluence  with  the  hind-gut 
appear  to  indicate  that  the  lung  of  Lanx  plays  a  relatively  un- 
important part  in  the  aeration  of  the  blood.  In  addition,  the 
entire  visceral  dome  and  the  pallial  cavity  appear  to  be  twisted 
posteriad  and  to  the  right,  as  if  the  spire  had  more  than  un- 
coiled ;  the  position  of  the  shell-apex  slightly  to  the  left  and  in 
front  of  the  center  also  seems  to  indicate  a  slight  degree  of 
hyperstrophy.  As  will  be  described  below,  this  torsion  is  ac- 
companied by  a  peculiar  dislocation  of  the  visceral  and  abdomi- 
nal ganglia  (fig.  16). 

Attention  is  also  called  to  the  fact  that,  in  many  features,  the 
arrangement  of  the  pallial  complex  shows  a  remarkable  paral- 
lelism with  that  of  the  Veronicellidae*,  in  which  group  the 
"lung"  appears  to  have  degenerated  even  more  completely  into 
a  sort  of  secondary  ureter.  Protancylns  pileolus  Sarasin"  also 
has  a  common  opening  for  the  lung  and  hind-gut,  but  this  is 
near  the  middle  of  the  left  side  of  the  body;  this  last  species 
develops  a  left  pseudobranch,  quite  like  that  of  the  Planorbidae 
and  Ancylidae,  in  addition  to  blood-sinuses  in  the  right  mantle**. 

The  thick-walled  ventricle  (fig.  6,  11)  is  very  large,  and 
heart-shaped,  with  the  point  (aorta)  towards  the  left  side  and 
the  emarginate  border  towards  the  right.  The  auricle  is  much 
more  slender  and  has  very  thin  walls.    The  preservation  of  the 


'  Pilsbry;   1900,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philadelphia,  LII,  fig.  xvii-2. 
8F.  C.  Baker;   1911,  Chicago  Acad.   Sci.,  Sp.  Publ.  3,  pi.  I. 
<Sarasin;    1899,  Land-Moll.   Celebes,   figs,  xiv,    124-127    and    Pelseneer, 
ac.   r.   Belg.   LIV,  21-26,   figs,   vi-49,   52-55. 
'1898;    Siissw.-Moll.   Celebes,  86-88,   pi.   xiii. 
•op.  cit.,  figs.  170,  177. 


148  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

specimens  impedes  a  detailed  study  of  the  arterial  system,  but 
the  main  aorta  does  curve  ventrad,  pass  under  the  bursal  sac 
and  bifurcate  to  form  a  cephalic  aorta  which  goes  first  to  the 
gizzard,  and  a  visceral  (intestinal)  aorta  with  large  branches 
to  the  genitalia  and  visceral  mass.  The  pulmonary  vein  (vena 
cava),  which  passes  through  the  muscle  gap,  is  formed  by  the 
confluence  of  the  two  mantle  veins  and  vessels  from  the  sinuses 
of  the  foot.  The  large  "right"  mantle  vein  drains  the  sinuses 
of  the  posterior  and  sinistral  portions  of  the  gill-fold,  while 
the  smaller  "left"  one  comes  from  the  limb  along  the  anterior 
portion  of  the  right  mantle  edge. 

This  circulatory  system  appears  quite  like  that  of  LymiKEa 
emarginata  mighelsi\  but  the  pulmonary  network  is  practically 
lacking  and  the  mantle  veins  are  correspondingly  enlarged. 
The  enormous  relative  size  of  the  heart  in  Lanx  alta  must 
insure  a  rapid  circulation  of  the  blood,  which  would  com- 
pensate in  part  for  the  reduction  in  area  of  the  aerating  mem- 
branes and  the  apparent  dependence  on  dissolved  oxygen. 
However,  it  is  just  possible  that  the  animal  can  breathe  air,  as 
I  found  bubbles  in  the  lung  of  one  preserved  specimen.  The 
pallial  complex  and  mantle  fold  of  the  Rogue  River  form  are 
very  similar  to  those  of  typical  Lanx  alta,  but  the  lung  and 
ureter  occupy  a  relatively  larger  portion  of  the  free  mantle 
while  the  aerating  sinuses  are  correspondingly  smaller. 

As  already  mentioned,  the  closed  mouth  (fig.  1)  of  Lanx  is 
T-shaped  and  opens  on  the  ventral  side.  The  cross-bar  of  the 
T  is  reinforced  dorsally  by  the  principal  jaw,  while  the  lateral 
sides  of  the  longitudinal  slit  are  strengthened  by  the  two,  so- 
called  accessory  jaws.  The  last  (fig.  24)  are  simply  vaguely- 
outlined  thickenings  of  a  general,  "horny"  stratum  that  covers 
the  margins  of  the  mouth  and  is  continuous  with  that  of  the 
true  jaw.  This  median  jaw  (fig.  24)  is  broadly  crescentic 
with  the  cutting  margin  slightly  emarginate,  either  side  of  the 
middle,  so  as  to  form  a  slight  median  projection.  Its  upper 
side  is  finely  striate  at  right  angles  to  the  cutting  margin,  while 
its  inner  side  is  strengthened  by  a  crescentic  thickening  which 
runs  parallel  to  the  imbedded  edge. 

'F.    C.   Baker;    1900,   Bull.   Chicago  Acad.    Sci.    11,  pi.   vi. 


Vol.  XIV]  BAKER— ANATOMY  OF  LANX  I49 

The  radular  formula  of  Lanx  alta  is  about  16-6-1-6-16;  the 
transverse  rows  are  ahiiost  straight  in  the  central  and  lateral 
fields,  but  are  directed  obliquely  anteriad  in  the  marginal 
region.  The  small  central  (fig.  23)  is  asymmetrical  and  bi- 
cuspid, with  a  stout,  aculeate,  major  cusp  and  a  left  minor  one. 
The  large  1st  lateral  has  a  small  base  and  a  large,  squarish, 
very  thin,  bicuspid  reflection;  the  major  cusp  (mesocone)  has 
a  low  entoconal  angulation  and  a  higher  one  on  the  ectoconal 
side.  The  ectocone  itself  is  small,  acuminate,  and  sometimes 
slightly  hooked.  The  other  lateral  teeth  are  slightly  smaller 
and  the  entoconal  wing  becomes  higher  until  the  7th  tooth  is 
distinctly  tricuspid.  The  marginal  teeth  have  very  small  bases 
and  elongate  reflections;  usually  the  9th  develops  another  en- 
toconal notch  which  on  the  10th  separates  a  distinct  cusp.  The 
remainder  of  the  teeth  are  practically  all  4-cusped,  although 
one  or  two  of  the  minute  outermost  ones  commonly  develop 
more  points. 

Through  the  generosity  of  Dr.  Pilsbry,  I  have  been  able  to 
examine  radulse  mounted  by  him  from  Lanx  subrotundata 
(Tryon),  L.  patelloides  (Lea),  and  L.  (Walkcrola)  klamathen- 
sis  Hannibal.  A  radula  of  L.  subrotundata  from  Elkton,  Ore- 
gon (A.N.S.P.  78630)  has  very  similar  inner  teeth  to  those  of 
L.  alta,  but  all  of  the  marginals  could  not  be  counted  in  the 
specimen  examined.  The  radular  formula  of  specimens  of 
L.  patelloides  from  Redding,  California  (A.N.S.P.  72741),  is 
about  12-6-1-6-12.  The  teeth  in  the  three  radulae  examined 
are  all  very  similar  to  those  of  L.  alta  and  have  the  same  asym- 
metrical, bicuspid  centrals;  while  the  occasional  presence  of 
another  minor  cusp  on  the  latter®  would  not  be  extraordinary, 
I  doubt  whether  the  central  is  ever  symmetrical.  The  radular 
formula  of  L.  (Walkerola)  klamathensis  from  Upper  Klamath 
Lake,  California  (A.N.S.P.  113843),  is  about  15-6-1-6-15. 
The  teeth  are  very  similar  to  those  of  L.  alta,  but  the  minor 
cusp  of  the  central  is  slightly  reduced  and  the  bases  of  the 
laterals  are  a  little  larger  in  proportion  to  the  reflection. 
Walker's  figure  (1918,  fig.  53)  clearly  shows  these  characters, 
but  the  smaller  number  of  teeth  (12-5-1-5-12)  suggests  that 
his  radula  is  from  a  younger  or  smaller  animal. 

«  Walker;    1918,  Univ.  Mich.   Mus.   Zool.,  Misc.  Coll.   6,  fig.  51. 

August  14,   1925 


J 50  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

A  radula  of  Lanx  (Fisherola)  lancides  (Hannibal)  from  a 
dried  specimen  (A.N.S.P.  113838),  collected  in  the  Snake 
River  at  Lewiston,  Idaho,  by  H.  Hemphill  (1911)  shows  a 
quite  different  dentition.  The  radular  formula  is  28-8-1-8-28 
and  the  rows  are  sha^jed  somewhat  as  in  L.  alta.  The  minor 
cusp  of  the  asymmetrical,  bicuspid  central  (fig.  25)  is  almost 
obsolete.  The  laterals  have  much  smaller  reflections  and  the 
mesocone  and  ectocone  are  connected  by  a  thin  shelf  which 
commonly  develops  two  weak  and  extremely  variable  cusplets. 
This  shelf  decreases  in  prominence  on  the  outer  laterals,  while 
the  entoconal  wing  becomes  higher,  until  the  9th  tooth  has  only 
one  '.-estigial  cusplet  between  the  ectocone  and  mesocone  but 
shows  a  distinct  entocone.  Beyond  the  9th,  each  marginal 
has  a  rather  short  reflection  which  bears  three  cusps :  a  sub- 
spatulate  mesocone,  a  small,  sharp  entocone,  and  a  larger, 
pointed  ectocone.  One  or  two  of  the  minute  outermost  teeth 
often  develop  additional  cusplets,  but  the  tricuspid  condition 
is  maintained  with  remarkable  uniformity  through  most  of  the 
marginal  series.  The  median  jaw  (fig.  26)  of  this  species  is 
much  thinner  and  more  elongate  than  that  of  L.  alta;  the 
lateral  thickenings  show  signs  of  their  derivation  from  a  plaited 
condition. 

Superficially,  the  buccal  mass  of  Lanx  alta  (fig.  4)  is  a  large, 
ovoid  body,  from  which  the  short,  blunt  radular  pouch  pro- 
jects, slightly  below  the  center  of  the  posterior  end.  Several 
minor  protractor  muscles  are  present,  but  long  retractors  ap- 
pear to  be  lacking.  The  two,  small,  light-colored,  amorphous, 
salivary  glands  (S)  are  above  the  oesophagus  but  extend  an- 
teriad  around  both  sides  of  the  buccal  mass ;  their  ducts  enter 
the  substance  of  the  mass  and  empty  into  the  dorsum  of  the 
pharynx,  either  side  of  the  gullet.  Histologically,  they  consist 
of  small  alveoli  composed  of  vacuolate  cells,  which  are  re- 
markably similar  in  appearance  to  those  of  the  mucous  glands 
of  the  foot. 

The  flattened  ventral  portion  (B.  fig.  22)  of  the  buccal 
cavity  is  roofed  by  the  radular  membrane  (R),  which  curves 
around  the  anterior  end  of  the  radular  cartilage.  The  last  is 
a  large,  bilobed  structure  (C)  with  large  spaces  between  the 
anastamosing  trabeculse  of  harder  substance  (fig.  27).     Ven- 


Vol.  XIV]  BAKER— ANATOMY  OF  LANX  151 

trad  and  anteriad  (R,  fig.  22),  it  presents  a  smooth,  even  curve, 
over  which  the  radula  is  shghtly  convex,  while  dorsad,  it  de- 
velops a  U-shaped  grove  (U),  into  which  the  radula  is  con- 
cavely  folded.  This  groove  is  continuous  with  the  almost  cylin- 
drical radular  pouch,  which  lies  between  the  two,  bluntly- 
rounded,  posterior  horns  of  the  cartilage.  The  pharynx  (P) 
is  not  separable  from  the  buccal  cavity ;  both  are  lined  by  simple 
columnar  epithelium  which  is  somewhat  lower  than  that  of  the 
epidermis.  Under  the  radular  membranes,  this  epithelium  be- 
comes still  lower,  so  that  it  consists  of  a  layer  of  practically 
cuboid  cells. 

The  oesophagus  opens  out  of  the  dorsal  side  of  the  pharyn- 
geal portion  of  the  buccal  cavity  just  opposite  the  anterior  end 
of  the  radular  cartilage ;  at  first,  it  is  enclosed  in  the  walls  of 
the  buccal  mass  above  the  radular  pouch  (G,  fig.  22),  but  ap- 
pears superficially  (G,  fig.  11)  on  the  posterior  end  of  the 
mass.  From  here,  it  extends  to  the  gizzard,  which  lies  a  little 
behind  and  to  the  left  of  the  center  of  the  animal.  No  sharply 
demarcated  crop  is  present,  but  the  posterior  end  of  the  gullet 
is  externally  thrown  up  into  longitudinal  ridges  and  would 
appear  to  be  adapted  for  considerable  distension.  The  rather 
thin  walls  of  the  oesophagus  are  mainly  composed  of  a  layer 
of  very  high,  darkly-staining,  columnar  cells,  which  internally 
form  coarse,  longitudinal  folds  that  increase  in  prominence 
towards  the  gizzard. 

The  entire  stomach  is  obliquely  tilted  dorsad,  with  the 
elongate,  cone-shaped,  thin-walled  pylorus  above  and  twisted 
first  to  the  right  and  then  abruptly  to  the  left.  The  gizzard  is 
bilobed  as  in  Lymnsea®,  has  extremely  thick,  muscular  walls, 
and  contains  rounded  bits  of  sand,  diatom  shells,  pieces  of  tubu- 
lar algae  and  much  unidentifiable  material.  The  upper  end  of 
the  pylorus  receives  two  large  ducts  (L,  figs.  4,  5)  from  the 
anterior  and  posterior  lobes  of  the  liver.  Its  very  tip,  beyond 
these  ducts,  is  slightly  separated  by  a  weak  constriction  and 
bears  ventrally  (posteriad)  a  small,  ovoid  diverticulum.  (In 
another  specimen,  this  is  considerably  longer  than  in  D,  fig.  5), 
This  pouch  is  lined  by  high,  columnar  epithelium,  very  similar 
to  that  of  the  pylorus  and  gizzard. 

»F.  C.  Baker;    1900,  figs,  iv,  C-E. 


J 52  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

From  the  stomach,  the  intestine  (fig.  3)  runs  ahiiost  to  the 
left  side  (where  it  appears  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  visceral 
mass),  then  bends  across  the  anterior  border  of  the  liver  (just 
under  the  edge),  loops  through  the  posterior  portion  of  this 
digestive  gland  to  return  to  the  anterior  border  at  the  right 
side,  where  it  turns  abruptly  downward,  and  passes  posteriad 
along  the  left  side  of  the  lung  to  the  posterior  opening  of  the 
common  cavity  (A,  figs.  8,  9,  10).  Like  all  of  the  digestive 
tract,  the  intestine  is  lined  by  simple  columnar  epithelium ;  this 
is  slightly  lower  in  the  first  limb  than  in  the  fourth,  but  is  low- 
est in  the  fifth  limb  or  hind-gut,  which,  however,  has  clumps 
of  higher  cells  that  form  the  plicse.  Besides  the  slender  colum- 
nar cells  with  dense,  darkly-staining  cytoplasm,  there  occur 
larger,  rounded  goblet-cells  with  large  vacuoles;  in  the  hind- 
gut  (fig.  12),  these  are  mainly  restricted  to  the  higher  folds. 
As  already  mentioned,  the  lung  (Z,  fig.  10)  joins  the  hind-gut 
(A)  a  short  distance  above  the  common  opening;  in  this  re- 
gion, the  cavity  is  enlarged,  very  coarsely  plicate,  and  lined  by 
higher,  columnar  epithelium  somewhat  similar  to  that  of  the 
epidermis. 

The  bilobed  liver  or  pancreas  forms  an  alveolate,  lenticular 
mass  which  almost  covers  the  posterior  M  of  the  visceral  mass. 
The  small  anterior  (L,  fig.  3;  morphologically  right?)  lobe 
lies  above  the  gizzard  and  between  the  first  two  limbs  of  the 
intestine,  while  the  much  larger  posterior  (morphologically 
left?)  portion  lies  between  the  first,  third  and  fourth  limbs,  ex- 
tends slightly  outside  of  the  last  and  invades  the  base  of  the 
free  mantle  (L,  fig.  10)  through  the  muscle-gap;  this  invasion 
is  greater  in  a  Rogue  River  specimen  and  may  be  due  in  part 
to  the  retraction  of  the  animals  studied.  The  large  hepatic 
alveoli  are  mainly  composed  (fig.  13)  of  very  large  columnar 
cells  (liver  cells)  with  large  vacuoles,  around  the  small,  sub- 
basal  nuclei,  and  more  opaque  globules  in  the  cytoplasm  near 
the  lumen  of  the  gland.  These  principal  cells  are  interspersed 
with  clumps  of  lower,  more  rounded  cells  (lime-cells)  with 
much  larger  nuclei  and  denser  cytoplasm.  These  two  types 
stand  out  very  distinctly  in  the  stained  sections  as  the  liver  cells 
are  colored  yellow,  while  the  lime  cells  are  bright  red. 


Vol.  XIV]  BAKER— ANATOMY  OF  LANX  153 

The  genitalia  (fig.  14)  are  bulkier  than  all  of  the  remainder 
of  the  viscera  taken  together.  The  ovotestis  is  larger  (T,  fig. 
3)  than  the  liver,  but  is  mainly  imbedded  beneath  the  latter. 
It  is  also  irregularly  lens-shaped  with  an  emarginate  anterior 
margin,  is  light  yellow  in  color,  and  consists  of  complexly  in- 
tertwined series  of  cords  with  closely-packed  alveoli,  like  ex- 
cessively attenuate  bunches  of  raisins^".  These  all  lead  into  an 
ovoid  sac  a  little  back  of  the  center  of  the  mass.  All  of  the 
individuals  examined,  regardless  of  their  size  (see  above), 
appear  to  be  sexually  mature;  the  spermatozoa  are  much  more 
conspicuous  than  the  ova  (note  dates  of  collection). 

The  anterior  portion  of  the  ovisperm  duct,  just  behind  the 
ovoid  sac,  is  slender  and  naked,  but  the  major  portion  is  cov- 
ered by  a  dense  mass  of  large,  very  thin-walled  alveoli,  which 
are  closely  packed  into  the  right  side  of  posterior  end  of  the 
ovotestis  and  actually  appear  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  vis- 
ceral mass  between  the  third  and  fourth  limbs  of  the  intestine 
(D,  fig.  3).  The  cavities  of  these  sacs  are  crowded  full  of 
spermatozoa  and  must  act  as  seminal  vesicles  or  reservoirs.  In 
the  ovotestis,  the  sperm  are  grouped  with  their  heads  together 
in  disc-shaped  masses,  each  of  which  lies  against  a  large  cell 
somewhat  similar  to  the  Sertoli  cells  of  vertebrates,  but,  in  the 
reservoirs,  they  are  quite  irregularly  massed,  although  they 
still  tend  to  lie  parallel  to  each  other.  The  ovisperm  duct  itself 
bifurcates  on  the  surface  of  the  carrefour;  one  twig  goes  to  the 
seminal  duct  while  the  other  develops  a  small  spherical  body 
(talon?)  and  enters  the  carrefour  itself. 

The  oviduct  may  be  divided  into  four  regions  :  ( 1 )  the  car- 
refour" ;  (2)  the  prebulbar  oviduct;  (3)  the  bulbous  enlarge- 
ment; and  (4)  the  postbulbar  or  vaginal  portion;  in  addition, 
it  develops  two  glandular  diverticula :  ( 1 )  the  albumen  gland  ; 
and  (2)  the  oviducal  diverticulum  or  "nidamental  gland." 
The  carrefour  or  spermoviduct  (uterus  of  authors)  receives 
the  ovisperm  duct  and  that  of  the  albumen  gland ;  it  is  a  nar- 
row, transversely  sacculate  and  complexly  plicate  tube  which 
lies  between  the  head  of  the  false  prostate  and  the  base  of  the 
albumen  gland.  Its  walls  are  almost  entirely  composed  of  a 
simple  epithelium  which  varies  in  height  from  the  very  slender, 

"Cf.   F.   C.   Baker;    1900,   fig.   iii-F. 

"  Lacaze-Duthiers;    1899,   Arch.   Zool.   Exp.    (3)    VII,    110. 


J54  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

columnar  cells  of  the  plicae,  to  the  almost  cuboid  ones  of  the 
intermediate  regions.  The  albumen  gland  is  gray  in  color, 
semicircular  and  considerably  flattened;  it  lies  under  the  ovo- 
testis  towards  the  left  (right  in  a  Rogue  River  specimen)  side 
of  the  floor  of  the  haemocoele.  The  sections  show  it  to  be  di- 
vided into  numerous  alveoli  which  are  lined  by  a  single  layer 
of  rather  low,  columnar  cells  that  stain  a  bright  red  and  are 
superficially  similar  in  appearance  to  those  of  the  oviducal 
bulb  but  contain  much  larger  vacuoles  and  larger  nuclei  (fig. 
21). 

The  oviducal  diverticulum  or  "nidamental"  gland  (second 
accessory  albuminiparous  gland  of  F.  C.  Baker,  1911)  is  an 
ovoid  body  which  opens  at  the  junction  of  the  carrefour  and 
prebulbar  oviduct.  Both  in  gross  and  histological  structure, 
this  body  looks  like  a  small  edition  of  the  oviducal  bulb;  its 
lumen  is  similarly  reduced  by  numerous  laminae,  which  are 
composed  of  two  layers  of  columnar  cells  that  are  stained  a 
brilliant  red  in  the  serial  sections. 

The  prebulbar  portion  of  the  oviduct  is  a  rather  stout  tube, 
with  a  few,  coarse,  internal  plicae.  The  simple  columnar  epi- 
thelium which  composes  the  main  portion  of  its  wall  (fig.  20) 
consists  of  remarkably  large  cells  with  small,  basal  or  central 
nuclei  and  numerous,  clear  vacuoles,  which,  under  low  magni- 
fication, give  this  tissue  the  very  distinctive  appearance  of  deli- 
cate lace-work.  Outside  of  these  gland-cells  is  a  very  thin 
layer  of  squamous  cells  with  scattered  muscle-fibers. 

The  oviducal  bulb  or  uterus  is  a  pear-shaped  enlargement 
which  is  sharply  demarcated  from  the  preceding  tube  but 
tapers  rather  gradually  into  the  postbulbar  portion.  While 
somewhat  flattened,  it  does  not  show  as  prominent  a  longi- 
tudinal groove  as  does  the  "first  accessory  albuminiparous 
gland"^"  in  most  species  of  Lymnaea.  In  Lanx  alta,  this  groove 
is  actually  a  thin  region  of  the  wall  (fig.  14-A)  ;  if  the  bulb  is 
split  lengthwise  along  this  line,  the  closely-packed,  laminate 
plications  of  the  remainder  of  the  wall  can  be  spread  out  like 
the  leaves  of  a  book  and  are  seen  to  be  oblique  to  the  long  axis 
of  the  organ.  These  plicae  consist  of  a  double  layer  of  the 
simple  columnar  epithelium  which  lines  the  bulb ;  the  dense 

"F.   C.   Baker;    1911,  pi.  x-xv. 


Vol.  XIV]  BAKER— ANATOMY  OF  LANX  155 

cytoplasm  of  its  large  cells  are  stained  a  brilliant  red  in  the 
serial  sections.  This  tissue  must  be  very  similar  to  that  which 
composes  the  folds  of  the  "third  division  of  the  oviduct  or 
uterus"^^  in  Lymncea  ovata.  Outside  of  the  epithelium,  the 
walls  develop  a  very  thin  layer  of  fibrous  tissue  and  squamous 
cells. 

The  postbulbar  or  vaginal  portion  of  the  oviduct  is  similar 
in  diameter  to  the  prebulbar  tube,  although  it  is  slightly  en- 
larged just  above  its  confluence  with  the  bursal  stalk.  Its  thick 
walls  are  largely  composed  of  circular  muscle,  although  vary- 
ing amounts  of  longitudinal  fibers  are  usually  gathered  into 
two  groups  on  opposite  sides  of  the  tube.  The  deeply  plicate 
lumen  (fig.  14-B)  is  lined  by  a  comparatively  thin,  rather 
featureless,  simple  columnar  epithelium. 

The  stalk  of  the  bursa  (spermatheca)  is  rather  slender,  al- 
though very  slightly  enlarged  near  its  base,  and  lies  along  the 
dorsal  side  of  the  bulbar  and  postbulbar  portions  of  the  oviduct. 
Its  terminal  sac,  which  is  imbedded  (B,  figs.  3,  11)  near  the 
left  side  of  the  hsemocoele,  is  roughly  heart-shaped  and  very 
large.  In  addition  to  the  thin  outer  layer  of  fibrous  cells,  both 
stalk  and  sac  have  a  lining  of  very  peculiar,  simple  columnar 
epithelium,  which  is  thrown  up  into  weak  plications  (B,  fig. 
11).  The  cells  of  this  tissue  (fig.  18)  are  very  slender;  their 
cytoplasm  is  dense  and  stains  rather  darkly,  but  the  large,  sub- 
central  nuclei  are  markedly  vacuolate,  so  as  to  give  to  a  tangen- 
tial section  somewhat  the  appearance  of  the  cartilage  of  verte- 
brates. The  luminal  ends  of  these  cells  are  produced  into  an- 
astamosing,  ameboid  masses  from  which  separate  roughly 
globular  pieces  of  what  appears  to  be  the  cytoplasm  of  the  cell 
itself.  The  spacious  lumen  of  the  bursal  sac  contains  many  of 
these  corpuscular  structures^*  in  a  mass  of  granular  material ; 
this  leads  me  to  suspect  that  the  bursa  is  actually  a  gland  which 
secretes  some  sort  of  thick,  viscous  material  as  an  aid  in  copula- 
tion. The  vagina  proper,  beyond  the  confluence  of  the  bursal 
stalk  and  the  oviduct,  is  very  short,  almost  obsolete,  but  the 
peculiar  form  and  heavy  walls  of  the  postbulbar  oviduct  give 
it  much  the  appearance  of  the  vagina  of  some  of  the  terrestrial 
pulmonates. 

"J.  Klotz;   1889,  Jena.   Zeitschr.  Nat.  XXJII,  figs,  ii-11,  17. 
"  C£.  Lacaze-Duthiers;   1899,  fig.  iv-9. 


J 55  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

The  very  long  and  tortuous  seminal  duct  can  be  divided  into 
six  rather  distinct  regions:  (1)  the  first  or  false  prostate;  (2) 
the  very  short  duct  between  the  first  and  second  prostates; 
(3)  the  second  or  true  prostate;  and  (4,  5,  6)  the  first  free, 
the  imbedded,  and  the  second  free  portions  of  the  extremely 
long  vas  deferens.  Ventral  to  the  carrefour,  the  first  prostate 
begins  as  a  flattened,  plicate,  fan-shaped,  blind  sac ;  the  portion 
below  the  entrance  of  the  ovisperm  duct  forms  an  elongate, 
flattened,  irreg'ularly-lobed  body  which  is  folded  into  a  com- 
pact mass  near  the  left  side  of  the  body  below  the  oviduct. 
(In  a  Rogue  River  si>ecinien,  it  is  on  the  right  side  and  the 
blind  end  extends  through  the  muscle-gap  into  the  base  of  the 
mantle.)  Its  flattened  lumen  (fig.  14-C)  is  much  more  spaci- 
ous and  its  walls  correspondingly  thinner  than  those  of  the  true 
prostate.  The  columnar  cells  (fig.  19)  which  line  the  cavity 
have  small  nuclei  surrounded  by  large  vacuoles  which  restrict 
the  cytoplasm  to  very  thin  trabeculae ;  often  the  luminal  ends  of 
several  cells  support  a  large  bubble  of  transparent  secretion. 
Unlike  the  vacuolate  cells  of  the  albumen  gland  (fig.  21),  these 
on  the  male  side  are  but  slightly  stained  in  the  serial  sections. 
Like  most  parts  of  the  reproductive  system,  the  outside  of  the 
organ  is  covered  with  a  very  thin  layer  of  pigmented  cells ; 
these  give  the  surface  of  this  glandular  sac  an  areolate  ap- 
pearance. 

The  second  or  true  prostate  is  roughly  tongue-shaped  and 
lies  (P,  fig.  3)  just  anterior  to  the  oviducal  bulb.  It  consists 
of  an  enlargement  of  the  seminal  duct,  lined  by  ciliated,  cuboid 
epithelium,  and  surrounded  by  closely-packed,  radiating,  tubu- 
lar glands  (fig.  14-D).  Each  of  these  secretory  pouches  is 
made  up  of  large  rounded  cells  with  their  long  axes  parallel  to 
that  of  its  very  small  central  lumen,  so  that  a  transverse  sec- 
tion of  a  tubule  shows  five  or  six  at  one  time.  The  nucleus  of 
each  cell  (fig.  17)  is  on  the  side  opposite  the  lumen  of  its  pouch 
and  the  cytoplasm  is  crowded  with  rather  large,  quite  dense 
globules.  The  structure  of  this  prostate  must  be  quite  similar 
to  that  of  Lymncua  ovata,  although  the  published  figures'^  do 
not  show  the  lumina  of  the  tubules  or  the  cell  boundaries. 

"Klotz;   1899,  figs,  ii-12. 


Vol.  XIV]  BAKER— ANATOMY  OF  LA!^X  I57 

Below  the  prostate,  the  first  free  portion  of  the  vas  deferens 
is  rather  stout  and  quite  long;  it  is  coiled  near  the  right  side 
of  the  haemocoele,  mainly  anteriad  to  the  oviduct  and  bursal 
stalk.  The  imbedded  section  is  somewhat  narrower  and 
scarcely  convoluted ;  it  passes  out  through  the  muscle-gap  and 
runs  along  the  outside  of  the  columellar  muscle-ring  (I,  fig, 
11)  from  the  base  of  the  oviduct  to  that  of  the  penis.  The 
second  free  portion  extends  in  a  tortuous  course  through  the 
h?emocoele  (H.  fig.  3)  over  to  the  left  side  of  the  body  and  back 
again  to  enter  at  the  apex  of  the  penis;  although  narrower 
than  the  first  free  portion,  the  greater  part  of  its  length  is 
quite  stout  and  thick-walled.  The  last  few  millimeters,  which 
are  mainly  coiled  around  the  penis  and  under  the  anterior 
pallial  nerve,  are  considerably  narrowed,  so  that  their  con- 
voluted lumen  is  visible  through  the  walls.  The  entire  vas 
deferens  is  lined  by  a  single  layer  of  ciliated,  cuboid  epithelium. 
Outside  of  this  is  a  thick  envelope  of  circular  muscle,  usually 
with  two  groups  of  longitudinal  fibers  on  opposite  sides  but 
rather  close  to  the  epithelial  lining.  I  am  unable  to  detect  any 
gland  cells  outside  of  the  epithelium ;  those  figured  from  the 
vas  deferens  of  Lyinncua  ovata^^  look  very  much  like  cross- 
sections  of  longitudinal  muscle  but  they  are  represented  as 
much  larger  than  the  circular  fibers  in  the  same  figure. 

The  entire  male  copulatory  organ,  termed  here  the  penis, 
is  very  similar  to  that  of  LymncEa^'^ ;  that  is,  it  consists  of  an 
elong-ate-ovoid,  preputial  portion  (penis-sac)  and  a  somewhat 
constricted  hyper  phallus  (penis,  F.  C.  Baker)  with  a  faint  ter- 
minal knob.  The  hyperphallus  (fig.  iii-15)  or  capsule  of  the 
verge  is  not  sharply  demarcated  externally  from  the  remainder 
of  the  penis  and  is  about  ^  the  total  length  of  the  organ.  Its 
walls  are  rather  thin  and  contain  numerous  sinuses  which 
give  them  somewhat  the  appearance  of  erectile  tissue.  The 
hyperphallar  lumen  is  almost  completely  filled  by  the  elongate, 
pointe,  penial  papilla  or  verge  (glans  or  penis  of  authors), 
which  is  probably  the  only  portion  that  penetrates  the  vagina 
of  the  female.  The  vas  deferens,  with  its  convoluted  lumen, 
enters  the  base  of  the  verge ;  the  continuation  of  the  sperm 
canal,  which  extends  to  the  very  tip,  is  quite  narrow  and  cir- 

'SRlotz;   1889,  fig.  ii-14. 

"  F.  C.  Bater;    1911,  pi.  xxv. 


I  eg  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

cularly  plicate.  This  arrangement  appears  quite  similar  to 
that  in  LymncBa  ovata^^.  The  larger  sac  of  the  penis  has  rather 
thick,  solid,  muscular  walls,  which  internally  develop  trans- 
verse plications  and  two  large  pilasters  (fig.  14-E),  that  cer- 
tainly resemble  those  of  Lyuincsa  auricularia^^.  The  penis  is 
lined  by  high,  columnar  epithelium  which  extends  up  into  the 
cavity  of  the  hyperphallus. 

The  main  body  of  the  penis  receives  two  branched  muscles 
on  its  anterior  side  and  three  on  its  posterior.  A  slip  (cut  in 
fig.  14)  from  the  upper  of  the  anterior  two,  is  attached  to  the 
apex  of  the  hyperphallus  so  that,  in  my  retracted  specimens, 
this  structure  is  bent  back  on  the  anterior  side  of  the  larger 
sac  of  the  penis.  The  posterior  muscles  extend  to  the  base 
of  the  thickened  column  of  muscle  behind  the  gap  in  the 
columellar  ring. 

This  origin  of  the  hyperphallar  retractor  from  an  anterior 
muscle  appears  to  be  quite  different  from  the  arrangement  in 
LymncBa^^,  but  it  must  be  remembered  that,  in  Lanx  alta,  all  of 
these  muscle  bands  arise  from  some  part  of  the  columellar 
muscle-ring.  Otherwise,  the  genitalia  are  so  similar  to  those 
of  Lymiicea  that  they  might  almost  pass  for  those  of  a  species 
of  that  genus,  although  the  enormous  size  of  the  ovotestis  and 
the  seminal  reservoirs  would  appear  to  be  rather  distinctive. 

On  account  of  the  stiffness  of  the  organs,  which  prevent 
their  safe  manipulation  without  rupture,  the  study  of  the 
nervous  system  from  my  material  is  especially  difficult.  The 
general  arrangement  appears  quite  similar  to  that  of  Lymncsa 
sfagnalis  and  L.  pcregra-^  and  to  that  of  L.  reHexa^',  but  the 
ganglionic  ring  is  concentrated  along  the  long  axis  of  the  body 
and  stretched  transversely  to  the  right  (fig.  16).  This  dextral 
distortion,  which  especially  affects  the  visceral-abdominal  com- 
plex, has  already  been  correlated  with  the  posterior  position 
of  the  common  pulmonary  and  anal  opening. 

The  cerebral  commissure  is  rather  long.  Each  cerebral 
ganglion  is  roughly  triangular,  with  enlargements  (lobes)  at 
each  corner.     The   nerves  from  the  left  one  are:  acoustic, 

"Klotz;   1889,  figs,  ii-15,  16. 

J»Hugo  Eisig;  1869,  Zeitschr.  Wiss.  Zool.  XIX,  figs,  xxv-8,  9. 

"T.   C.   Baker;    1911,  pi.   x-xv. 

"  Lacaze-Duthiers;    1872,   Arch.   Zool.    Exp.    I,  pi.   xvii. 

"F.  C.  Baker;   1911,  pi.  v. 


Vol.  XIV]  BAKER— ANATOMY  OF  LANX  ^59 

optic  (O,  fig.  16),  tentacular  (T),  superior  frontolabial  (L), 
middle  labials  (C),  nuchal  (N)  and  the  subcerebral  commis- 
sure (X;  satellite  of  anterior  labial  artery).  In  addition,  the 
right  one  gives  off  the  penial  and  hyperphallar  (H)  ;  these 
can  be  separated  almost  to  their  bases  and  appear  to  branch 
off  just  below  a  special,  ridge-like  enlargement  of  the  gang- 
lion. The  cerebrobuccal  connectives  are  rather  long,  but  loop 
transversely  so  that  the  buccal  ganglia  are  quite  close  to  the 
cerebral  (moved  away  in  my  figure).  These  buccal  or  stoma- 
togastric  ganglia  are  relatively  large  and  give  off  at  least  the 
radular  (R),  deep  pharyngeal,  lateral  pharyngeal  and  an- 
terior pharyngeal  branches;  the  last  sends  a  twig  (S)  to  the 
salivary  glands  along  their  ducts. 

The  cerebropleural  connectives  are  very  short  so  that  the 
pleural  ganglia  are  closely  approximated  to  the  cerebral.  The 
left  pleurovisceral  connective  is  relatively  long  but  the  right 
visceral  and  pleural  ganglia  are  in  close  juxtaposition.  Each 
visceral  ganglion  gives  off  an  anterior  (M)  and  a  posterior 
(P)  pallial  nerve;  those  of  the  right  side  are  larger.  The  left 
visceral  is  closely  united  to  the  abdominal  ganglion,  although 
a  distinct,  stout  connective  is  present  between  the  latter  and 
the  right  visceral.  The  abdominal  ganglion  gives  off  the  sub- 
intestinal  (G;  genital),  the  aortic  (A;  anal),  a  root  to  the 
right  anterior  pallial,  and  one  or  two  minute  nerves  to  the 
body  wall. 

The  cerebropedal  and  pleuropedal  connectives  are  short  and 
stout,  but  the  pedal  commissure  is  a  little  longer.  The  pedal 
ganglia  are  large  and  not  greatly  affected  by  the  dextral  dis- 
tortion of  the  abdominal  complex.  Each  gives  off  six  sizable 
branches:  superior  (K)  and  inferior  (I)  cervicals,  superior 
(D,  anterior),  central  (E)  and  inferior  (F,  posterior)  pedals 
and  a  columellar  (U).  The  otocysts  are  near  the  anterior  ends 
of  the  dorsal  surfaces  of  the  pedal  ganglia. 

The  general  shape  and  buried  position  of  the  eyes  is  quite 
similar  to  that  in  Lymncua  stagnalis^^,  but  a  large  sinus  sur- 
rounds the  outer  half  of  each;  it  forms  a  rather  large  cavity 
between  the  thin  corneal  epithelium  and  the  inconspicuous  layer 
of  connective  tissue  which  underlies  the  thickened  epidermis. 

»Simroth;   1876,  Zeitschr.  Wiss.  Zool.  XXVI,  fig.  xv-12. 


i^Q  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

This  sinus  is  so  large  and  the  overlying  epidemiis  and  sub- 
dermis  so  opaque  (in  preserved  specimens)  that  a  small, 
rounded  boss  is  the  only  superficial  indication  of  the  position 
of  each  eye.  The  lens  is  large  and  the  pigmented  layer  very 
thick,  especially  at  its  inner  end,  but  the  outer  fibrillar  processes 
of  the  retinal  cells  are  poorly  developed  except  in  a  little  cup 
directly  behind  the  center  of  the  lens.  The  optic  nerve  is 
quite  widely  separated  from  the  tentacular  one. 

In  the  posterior  portion  of  each  tentacle,  the  transverse  sec- 
tions show  the  presence  of  a  small,  sensory  pocket,  with  a 
groove  which  runs  posteriad  and  ventrad  from  it.  On  the 
ventral  side  of  this  pocket  is  a  mass  of  ganglionic  tissue.  The 
retracted  condition  of  my  specimens  prevent  the  accurate  de- 
scription of  the  shape  of  this  structure,  as  the  deep  folds  of  the 
tentacle  obscure  its  position.  Mucous  glands,  similar  to  those 
in  the  foot,  are  present  in  and  around  the  base  of  the  tentacles. 
My  failure  to  find  a  definitely  localized  osphradium  or  organ 
of  Lacaze-Duthiers  has  already  been  reported. 

These  anatomical  data  all  substantiate  Dr.  Pilsbry's  dem- 
onstration that  Lanx  is  a  derivative  of  the  Lymn^eidse  and  is 
not  closely  related  to  the  Ancylidse.  As  Dr.  Pilsbry  has  often 
pointed  out,  the  terrestrial  pulmonates  appear  to  have  a  con- 
stantly recurrent  tendency  to  produce  slug-like  forms.  A  sim- 
ilar propensity  in  the  Basommatophora  seems  to  lead  towards 
ancyliform  shells  and  bodies.  In  the  Lancidse,  specialization  of 
the  other  organs  has  not  gone  so  far  as  in  the  Ancylid  deriv- 
atives of  the  Planorbidse;  in  fact,  it  is  very  remarkable  that 
Lanx  combines  such  profound  changes  of  external  form  with 
such  trifling  divergencies  in  the  internal  anatomy,  especially 
in  that  of  the  genital  and  digestive  systems. 

On  the  basis  of  much  of  the  anatomy,  Lanx  could  scarcely 
be  separated  from  the  Lymnaeidae,  but  its  peculiar  modification 
of  the  pallial  complex  appears  to  be  sufficient  grounds  for  the 
retention  of  the  Lancidje  as  a  distinct  family,  with  the  follow- 
ing definitive  cliaracters : 

1.  The  limpet-like  shell  and  the  reduction  of  the  visceral 
mass,  especially  at  the  expense  of  the  digestive  glands. 

2,  The  almost  complete  ring  of  columellar  muscle. 


Vol.  XIV]  BAKER— ANATOMY  OF  LANX  Jgl 

3.  The  development  of  the  mantle  edg-e  into  a  special  organ 
for  aeration,  with  the  coincident  enlargement  of  the  heart  and 
mantle  veins. 

4.  The  vestigial  "lung"  and  its  confluence  with  the  hind-gut. 

5.  The  distinctly  posterior  allocation  of  the  common  open- 
ing of  the  lung  and  hind-gut,  which  appears  to  be  correlated 
with  the  distortion  of  the  ganglionic  ring  in  the  same  direction 
and  with  the  hyperstrophic  position  of  the  apex  of  the  shell. 

6.  The  enormous  size  of  the  ovotestis  and  seminal  reser- 
voirs. 

7.  The  asymmetrical,  bicuspid  central  and  the  squarish  re- 
flections of  the  laterals  in  the  radula. 


Description  of  Figures 

All  drawings  are  made  with  the  aid  of  the  camera  lucida. 
The  histological  figures  represent  somewhat  idealized  optical 
sections ;  the  cells  are  oriented  so  that  the  lumen  of  the  gland 
or  organ  is  towards  the  top  of  the  plate. 


1^2  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Plate  11 

Scales  represent  lengths  of  five  millimeters. 

Fig.  1.  Ventral  view  of  retracted  animal  within  outline  of  shell. 
Common  opening  of  the  lung  and  hind-gut  (A)  and  positions 
of  male  and  female  sex  openings  indicated.  Magnification  the 
same  as  in  fig.  2. 
Fig.  2.  Dorsal  view  of  animal  after  removal  of  shell.  Visceral  dome, 
surrounded  by  columellar  muscle-ring,  represented  as  slightly- 
more  transparent  than  is  actually  the  case.  Broken  lines  give 
outlines  of  lung,  ureter  and  end  of  hind-gut. 

A common  opening  of  lung  and  hind-gut. 

H auricle  of  heart   (dotted  outline). 

K kidney  (dotted  outline). 

U opening  of  ureter  into  lung. 

Fig.  3.  Dorsal  view  of  visceral  mass  inside  of  columellar  muscle-ring 
(cut  at  anterior  end),  after  removal  of  roofing  membrane, 
pallial  complex  and  most  of  free  mantle.  Lines  of  demarca- 
tion between  anterior  and  posterior  lobes  of  liver  and  be- 
tween latter  and  ovotestis  are  accentuated.  Broken  lines 
show  course  of  hind-gut  through  free  mantle.  Scale  is  upper 
one  of  the  two. 

A common  opening  of  lung  and  hind-gut. 

B bursal  sac. 

D seminal  reservoirs  of  ovisperm  duct. 

H second  free  portion  of  vas  deferens. 

L anterior  (smaller)  lobe  of  liver. 

M heaviest  column  of  muscle-ring. 

O oviducal  bulb. 

P second  or  true  prostate. 

T ovotestis   (lighter  than  liver). 

Fig.  4.  Anterior  portion  of  digestive  system,  removed  and  straightened 
out.  Buccal  mass,  salivary  glands  (S),  oesophagus,  gizzard 
(bilobed),  pylorus  with  ends  of  two  hepatic  ducts  (L),  and 
beginning  of  intestine.  Magnification  practically  the  same  as 
in  fig.  3. 
Fig.  5.  Left  side  of  junction  between  pylorus  (at  left)  and  intestine  (at 
right).     Magnification  about  that  of  fig.  6. 

D pyloric  diverticulum. 

L cut  end  of  left  hepatic  duct. 

Fig.  6.  Kidney  and  pericardium,  dissected  loose  and  turned  back  sharply 
to  right,  so  as  to  be  viewed  from  ventral  side.  Ureter  still 
remains  in  normal  position,  as  viewed  dorsally.  Scale  is 
placed  under  that  of  fig.  3. 

X position  of  renopericardial  orifice. 

Fig.  7.  Optical  section  across  partition  between  ureter  (above)  and  lung 
(below)  to  show  columnar  epithelium  of  former  and  squam- 
ous lining  of  latter.  This  is  an  enlargement  of  a  small  por- 
tion of  fig.  10.    Magnification  as  in  fig.  12. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  8        [  H.  B.  BAKER  ]  Plate  11 


154  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Plate  12 

Scales  of  figs.  8  to  10  (under  last)  and  11  represent  one  millimeter; 
those  of  figs.  12  and  13  (under  former)  fifty  microns.  Figs.  8  to  11, 
although  diagrammatic,  are  actual  drawings  of  stained  sections  (animal 
retracted).    The  following  letters  are  the  same  in  all  figures: 

A. . .  .hind  gut.  M. . .  .columellar  muscle. 

B. . .  .bursal  sac.  O oviduct. 

F foot  (dense  portion).  P.... second  prostate. 

G oesophagus.  S.... blood  sinuses. 

H. ..  .ventricle  of  heart,  pericardium.  T. . .  .ovotestis. 

I imbedded  portion  of  vas  deferens.  U ....  Ureter. 

K kidney.  V. . . .  free  vas  deferens. 

L liver  (in  muscle  gap).  Z "lung"  cavity. 

Fig.  8.  Transverse  section  through  right  free  mantle  at  confluence  of 
hind-gut  and  "lung." 

Fig.  9.     Same  at  external  ureteric  opening. 

Fig.  10.    Same  at  muscle  gap,  near  junction  of  ureter  and  kidney. 

Fig.  11.  Cross-section  through  entire  animal.  This  section  is  not  exactly 
transverse,  but  passes  more  anteriad  at  the  left  side,  so  that 
it  cuts  ventricle  of  heart  (in  pericardium)  as  well  as  anterior 
region  of  kidney  and  "lung."  Besides  the  structures  labeled, 
three  more  loops  of  free  portions  of  vas  deferens,  as  well  as 
all  four  regions  of  oviduct,  are  included.  Also,  tip  of  radular 
pouch  and  of  left  horn  of  its  cartilage  appear  below  and  to 
left  of  oesophagus  (G).  All  organs  have  shrunk  slightly, 
so  hsemocoele  appears  extraordinarily  spacious. 

Fig.  12.  Optical  section  through  a  fold  of  hind-gut;  intestinal  epithelium 
(above)  with  two  goblet-cells. 

Fig.  13.  Optical  section  of  three  "liver  cells"  and  two  "lime  cells"  of 
hepatic  alveolus. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  8        [  H.  B.  BAKER  ]  Plate  12 


10 


f      -■■.     *o-- ■,:.**..'■  ■■■■■■.    ^-     • 


15 


J^g  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Plate  13 

Scale  of  fig.   14  represents  length  of  five  millimeters;  that  of  fig.   16, 

two  millimeters;  those  of  17  to  20,  fifty  microns. 

Fig.  14.  Genitalia  with  male  and  female  sex  openings  in  usual  relations, 
but  with  organs  straightened  out  and  arranged  so  as  to  be 
seen  at  best  advantage.  Hyperphallar  retractor  cut  so  as  to 
straighten  out  penis.  Transverse  sections  cut  with  razor  and 
viewed  by  surface  illumination.  Scale  of  sections  can  be 
judged  by  comparison  with  main  figure. 

A Transverse  section  through  oviducal  bulb. 

B Through  postbulbar  (vaginal)  portion  of  oviduct. 

C Through  first  or  false  prostate. 

D Through  second  or  true  prostate. 

E Through  larger  sac  of  penis. 

Fig.  15.  Optical,  sagittal  section  of  hyperphallus,  made  from  slightly  flat- 
tened mount  in  Farrant's  medium. 

Fig.  16.  Ganglionic  ring  in  natural  position,  except  for  slight  anteriad 
displacement  of  buccal  ganglia;  viewed  from  dorsal  side. 
Nerves  labeled : 

A aortic  or  anal    (abdomi-  L anterior  frontolabial. 

nal  ganglion).  M anterior  pallial 

C middle  labial   (cerebral  (visceral  gang.). 

ganglion  ) .  N nuchal. 

D superior  pedal  (pedal  O.... optic. 

ganglion).  P posterior  pallial. 

E. ..  .central  pedal.  R....radular   (buccal 
F. ..  .inferior  pedal.  ganglion). 

G subintestinal  or  genital.  S salivary. 

H hyperphallar  and  penial,  T tentacular. 

I inferior  cervical.  U. . .  .columellar. 

K superior  cervical.  X subcerebral  commissure. 

Fig.  17.  Transverse  optical  section  of  a  cell  from  tubule  of  second  pros- 
tate.   Scale  is  upper  one  in  lower  left  corner  of  plate. 

Fig.  18.  Three  cells  from  epithelium  of  bursal  sac.  Magnification  as  in 
fig.  12. 

Fig.  19.  Two  cells  from  epithelial  lining  of  first  prostate.  Magnification 
as  in  fig.  12. 

Fig.  20.  Rogue  River  specimen;  epithelial  lining  and  outer  layer  (below) 
of  prebulbar  region  of  oviduct.  Scale  is  lower  one  of  the 
two. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series.  Vol.  XIV,  No.  8        [  H.  B.  BAKER  ]  Plate  13 


J^g  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Plate  14 

Scale  of  fig.  22  represents  length  of  one  millimeter;  those  of  24  and  26, 
one-half  millimeter ;  those  of  23  and  25,  fifty  microns. 

Fig.  21.  Three  cells  from  epithelium  of  albumen  gland.  Magnification  as 
in  fig.  ii-12. 

Fig.  22.  Rogue  River  specimen ;  cross-section  a  short  distance  behind  an- 
terior end  of  buccal  mass.  The  section  is  not  quite  transverse, 
so  that  the  radular  cartilage  is  cut  farther  anteriad  on  the 
right  side. 

B lower  portion  of  buccal  cavity. 

C radular  cartilage. 

G oesophagus. 

M posterior  end  of  mouth. 

P pharyngeal  cavity. 

R functional,   anterior  portion  of  radula. 

U posterior,  folded  portion  of  radula. 

W muscular  walls  of  buccal  mass. 

Fig.  23.  Central  and  1st  lateral  of  radula  slightly  separated  but  otherwise 
in  usual  relations  to  each  other;  also  7th  and  14th  teeth  (1st 
and  8th  marginals).  The  hair-line  represents  the  shape  of  the 
right  half  of  a  transverse  row  with  positions  of  central,  7th 
and  14th  teeth  and  edge  of  radula  marked. 

Fig.  24.  Median  jaw  with  approximate  outline  of  right  accessory  thicken- 
ing. 

Fig.  25.  Lanx  (Fisherola)  lancides;  radula  from  dried  specimen,  collected 
in  Snake  River  at  Lewiston,  Idaho,  by  H.  Hemphill 
(A.  N.  S.  P.  113838).  Central  and  1st  lateral  in  usual  rela- 
tions; also  9th  and  17th  teeth  (1st  and  9th  marginals).  On 
account  of  the  larger  number  of  teeth  in  this  species,  these 
examples  are  directly  comparable  to  those  figured  for  L.  alta. 
The  hair-line  represents  shape  of  right  half  of  transverse 
row  with  positions  of  central,  7th,  14th,  21st  and  28th  teeth 
and  edge  of  radula  marked. 

Fig.  26.    Lanx  (Fisherola)  lancides;  median  jaw  of  specimen  in  fig.  25. 

Fig.  27.  Rogue  River  specimen;  detail  of  radular  cartilage.  Magnification 
as  in  fig.  12.  Pigment  granules  near  nuclei  are  very 
characteristic. 


PROC.  CAL  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th:Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  8        [  H.  B.  BAKER  ]  Plate  14 


21 


'i 

^s¥"" 

, 

"% 

^■^^f' 

^ 

'•^' 

^^.^• 

\               / 

\ /     ...:• 

S, 

.•'*'     J 

|pf 

7- 

€ 

^7 


25 


26 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF   THE 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  9,  pp.  171-173  August  14,  1925 


EXPEDITION  OF  THE  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY 

OF  SCIENCES  TO  THE  GULF  OF 

CALIFORNIA  IN  1921 

THE     PHALANGIDA 

BY 

RALPH  V.  CHAMBERLIN 
Harvard  University 

Although  I  am  assured  by  Joseph  C.  Chamberlin,  who  had 
special  charge  of  the  collecting  of  the  Arachnida,  that  special 
efforts  were  made  to  find  phalangids  during  the  Expedition 
of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  in  1921,  none  whatever 
was  found  on  the  islands  of  the  Gulf  of  California.  Specimens 
were  secured,  however,  at  three  points  on  the  adjacent  main- 
land, namely,  at  Puerto  Escondido,  Lower  California,  at  No- 
gales,  Arizona,  and  at  Guaymas,  Sonora.  The  specimens  se- 
cured represent  the  two  new  species  described  below. 

Phalangiid^ 

1.     Liobunum  escondidum  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :  Dark  reddish  brown  above ;  a  lighter  band  beginning  anteriorly 
at  the  stink-pore  on  each  side  and  extending  caudad  and  uniting  with  the 
band  of  other  side  across  posterior  portion  of  abdomen,  but  the  light 
areas  usually  obscure  posteriorly.     Eye-tubercle  light  mesally,  dark  along 


■No.  33  of  the  Gulf  Expedition  papers. 

August  14,  1925 


172  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

ridges.  Venter  light  brown.  Coxae  of  legs  without  marks ;  trochanters 
ordinarily  dusky  or  blackish  at  sides.  Legs  reddish  brown,  paler  distally; 
the  patellae  and  the  tibiae  at  distal  ends  blackish ;  the  femora  also  often 
darker  at  proximal  end.  Chelicerae  yellow  throughout.  Palpi  light  brown, 
more  yellowish  distally. 

Abdomen  appearing  blunt  from  above,  the  last  segments  being  bent 
down.  Dorsum  evenly  granular  throughout.  Ventral  surface  of  abdomen 
wholly  smooth. 

Eye-tubercle  smooth  excepting  for  a  few  scattered  spinous  points  on 
the  ridges. 

Legs  long.  Coxae  finely  granular ;  each  with  a  series  of  crowded,  narrow 
tubercles  or  teeth  both  on  anterior  and  on  posterior  margin,  the  seriate 
tubercles  from  simple  to  trifid. 

Femur  of  palpus  about  equal  in  length  to  the  tarsus  and  to  the  tibia  + 
patella;  strongly  armed  with  spinous  points  beneath.  Patella  bearing 
spinous  points  on  all  sides ;  without  an  inner  apophysis.  Tibia  with 
spinous  points  which  are  more  numerous  beneath.  Tarsus  without  spinous 
points. 

Length,  6.25  mm.;  femur  I,  11  mm.;  femur  H,  17  mm.;  femur  III,  11 
mm.;  femur  IV,  15  mm. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1642,  Mas.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  and  paratypes 
in  Mns.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  and  M.C.Z.,  Puerto  Escondido, 
Lower  Calif.,  taken  June  14,  1921,  by  Joseph  C.  Chamberlin. 
In  all,  four  males  were  taken  "along  creek  bed  near  fresh 
water"  at  an  elevation  of  1600  ft. 


2.     Trachyrhinus  sonoranus  Chamberlin,  new  species 

Male :  Body  above  yellowish  along  the  sides,  the  middle  region  brown- 
ish, the  color  deepest  in  spots  adjacent  to  the  yellow  on  each  side;  brown 
mottlings  also  on  the  sides;  eye-tubercle  on  base  of  a  dark  brown  or 
blackish  delta-shaped  outline  the  anteriorly  directed  apex  of  which  is 
open  or  broken.  Ventral  surface  in  general  clear  yellow,  but  the  coxae  of 
the  legs  spotted  with  brown  at  the  sides  and  especially  distally.  Palpus 
yellow  excepting  for  a  dark  spot  at  distal  end  of  femur  and  dark  mark- 
ings on  patella  and  tibia.  Chelicerae  clear  yellow.  Legs  in  general  brown, 
the  patellae  sometimes  nearly  black,  the  legs  lighter,  yellowish  distally,  the 
femora  and  tibiae  often  light  at  distal  ends. 

The  body  is  flat  and  hard.  Two  sharply  defined  transverse  sulci  behind 
the  eye-tubercle  separating  off  the  abdomen.  Surface  of  abdomen  hard, 
densely  covered  with  contiguous  pits  or  cup-like  depressions ;  posterior 
segments  I>cnt  down  ventrad  so  that  the  abdomen  in  dorsal  view  appears 
almost  truncate.  Ventral  surface  more  finely  roughened  than  the  dorsum. 
Coxae  densely  granular  and  tubercular,  the  tubercles  over  distal  portion  in 


Vol,  XIV]  CHAMBERLIN—1\HE  PHALANGIDA  IJl, 

particular  conical,  but  none  of  these  in  definite  marginal  series.  Coxa  II 
much  narrower  than  I  and  III  below  which  it  extends  like  a  wedg-e. 
Coxae  in  order  of  thickness,  II,  I,  III,  IV. 

Eye-tubercle  armed  behind  and  in  front,  as  well  as  above,  with  stout, 
conical  spines  which  form  two  irreg^Jlar  rows,  one  adjacent  to  each  eye, 
thus  leaving  a  median  longitudinal  space  free  from  them. 

Mandibles  small,  of  ordinary  form. 

Palpus  slender ;  the  femur  about  equal  in  length  to  tibia  -[-  patella. 
Trochanter  and  femur  with  numerous  spinous  points  below ;  patella  with 
similar  points  especially  laterally  and  above  and  on  its  inner  side  bearing 
a  short  and  rounded  but  distinct  apophysis ;  tibia  a  little  more  than  twice 
as  long  as  thick,  densely  clothed  on  all  sides  with  spinous  points ;  tarsus 
with  a  few  spinous  points  beneath. 

Legs  long.  Trochanters  strongly  tuberculate.  Other  joints  with  longi- 
tudinal rows  of  teeth  which  are  weaker  and  finer  on  patellae,  and  tibiae. 
Tibia  II  with  six  false  joints. 

Length,  7  mm.;  femur  I,  7  mm.;  femur  II,  13  mm.;  femur  III,  8  mm.; 
femur  IV,  9.5  mm.  Length  of  leg  IV,  39  mm.;  of  leg  III,  29  mm.;  of  leg 
II,  51  mm.;  of  leg  I,  28  mm. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1643,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  Guaymas, 
Sonora,  April  15,  1921,  J.  C.  Chamberlin,  ''taken  under  a  stone 
in  a  patch  of  dry  grass  on  ledge  of  cliff  near  summit  (400 
ft.)".  Paratopes  in  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  and  M.C.Z.,  one 
taken  at  Guaymas  with  holotype  and  six  specimens  taken  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee  at  Nogales,  Arizona,  Apr.  4,  1921. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OK   THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 
Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  10,  pp.  175-183,  text  figs.  1-23    August  14,  1925 


SCELLUS  VIRAGO  ALDRICH  (A  TWO- WINGED  FLY) 
AND  TWO  FORMS  CLOSELY  RELATED  TO  IT 

BY 

M.  C.  VAN  DUZEE 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

In  the  two  tables  of  species  of  the  North  American  Scellus 
published  since  1907  the  first  couplet  reads  about  as  follows: 

Third  joint  of  antenna  very  long  and  pointed virago  Aldrich 

Third  antennal  joint  very  short 2 

Below  two  more  species  are  described  with  antennae  formed 
the  same  as  in  virago,  and  which  would  pass  for  that  species  if 
no  typical  specimen  of  virago  were  at  hand  to  compare  them 
with. 

In  1915  I  took  a  series  of  Scellus  at  Great  Salt  Lake,  Utah, 
which  I  determined  as  virago,  and  had  no  doubt  of  the  de- 
termination until  1923  when  my  brother  sent  me  two  speci- 
mens taken  in  California,  which  I  found  very  distinct  from 
those  taken  in  Utah.  In  January,  1924,  while  at  the  National 
Museum  I  looked  up  the  type  of  virago  and  found  both  my 
forms  quite  distinct  from  that  species.  I  am  redescribing 
virago  to  cover  the  points  in  which  the  three  forms  differ  and 
giving  full  descriptions  of  the  new  forms.  These  three  species 
differ  from  all  our  other  species  in  having  the  third  antennal 
joint  very  long  and  pointed.  They  have  very  long  anal  ap- 
pendages issuing  from  between  the  fourth  and  fifth  abdominal 

Amgust  14,  1925 


176  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

segments ;  these  I  am  calling  the  outer  appendages,  although  I 
doubt  whether  they  are  morphologically  the  same  as  the  outer 
lamellae  of  other  Dolichopodidae.  Below  these  are  two  or  three 
pairs  of  appendages  which  I  am  calling  the  inner  appendages. 
I  am  greatly  indebted  to  Dr.  J.  M.  Aldrich  for  the  loan  of 
one  of  the  type  specimens  of  virago  from  which  to  make  the 
drawings  for  this  paper. 

Table  of  the  males  o£  the  virago  group: 

1.  Middle  tibia  with  long  curled  hair  only  near  the  tip  (fig.  7) 

virago    Aldrich 

Middle  tibia  with  long  curled  hair  on  nearly  their  whole  length 
(figs.  IS  &  23) 2 

2.  Long  anal  appendages  arising  between   fourth  and   fifth  ab- 

dominal segments  nearly  bare,  except  at  tip    (fig.  18) 

varipennis,  new  species 

Long  anal  appendages  with  long  curled   hair  on   apical  two 
thirds  of  one  edge  (fig.  8) crinipes,  new  species 


Scellus  virago  Aldrich 

Aldrich,  Entomological  News,  Vol.  xviii,  p.  133,  1907;  Greene,  No. 
2529,  Procs.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Vol.  65,  Art.  16,  p.  3,  original  description 
copied,  figs.  8,  15,  19  and  28,  1924. 

Male:  Antennae  much  elongated,  the  joints  being  8-3-25  twenty-fifths 
of  a  millimeter  long.  Four  black  bristles  and  several  long  white  hairs 
above  each  anterior  coxa ;  fore  coxae  with  a  few  small  pale  hairs  on  an- 
terior surface  and  several  black  bristles,  extending  upward  from  the  tip ; 
middle  trochanters  with  several  small  black  hairs,  hind  ones  with  black 
bristles ;  fore  femora  with  numerous  bristles  below,  some  of  those  near 
the  base  being  about  as  long  as  the  thickness  of  the  femora;  middle 
femora  slender,  somewhat  arched,  nearly  bare  below,  but  with  a  few 
bristles  on  apical  third  of  anterior  surface,  two  bristles  above  and  one  or 
two  on  ix)sterior  surface,  also  a  row  of  short,  delicate  hairs  on  the  lower 
surface ;  posterior  femora  with  two  rows  of  hairs  below,  which  are  a 
little  longer  than  those  on  the  sides,  the  hind  femora  a  little  more  thick- 
ened than  the  middle  ones,  but  not  as  much  so  as  the  anterior  pair ;  fore 
tibiae  (figs.  5,  6)  with  hairs  below  on  basal  half  and  stout  bristles  on 
apical  half,  these  hairs  not  as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the  tibia  at  base, 
and  the  bristles  scarcely  as  long  as  the  thickness  at  point  of  insertion ; 
on  anterior  surface,  before  apical  fourth  a  moderately  large,  stout,  curved 
spine,  shining  black  when  viewed  from  below,  but  green  and  dull  when 
seen  from  above;  the  large  projection  below  at  tip  shining  black,  with  a 
pair  of  little  bristles  at  tip,  several  stout,  very  short,  erect  spines  near 
the  tip  on  apical  margin  where  there  is  also  a  number  of  long  hairs  or 


Vol.  XIV]  VAN  DUZEE—SCELLUS  VIRAGO  ALDRICH  lyj 

bristles  extending  upward  towards  the  tarsus ;  on  the  inner  margin  a  row 
of  short  hairs,  the  upper  portion  of  the  end  of  the  tibia  rounded  and 
fringed  with  short,  close-set,  yellow  hairs;  middle  tibiae  (fig.  7)  on  the 
lower  surface  of  basal  three-fourths  with  only  straight  or  slighly  bent 
hair,  on  apical  fourth  a  cluster  of  curled  hairs,  twice  as  long  as  diameter 
of  thickened  end  of  tibia;  below  with  two  subapical  bristles;  anterior 
surface  with  seven  long  bristles,  nearly  as  long  as  second  joint  of  middle 
tarsi ;  beyond  these  a  pair  of  bristles  a  little  shorter,  one  nearly  above  the 
other,  and  at  apical  eighth  another  short  bristle ;  on  upper  surface  near 
basal  fourth  one  pair  of  bristles  and  a  single  one  at  middle  on  posterior 
edge ;  posterior  tibiae  without  bristles,  but  with  a  stripe  of  very  short 
yellow  hair  on  upper  posterior  edge  of  apical  fourth,  widest  apically; 
these  tibiae  bent  outward  a  little  at  tip  when  viewed  from  above;  all  tibiae 
with  more  or  less  of  apical  portion  of  a  beautiful  blue ;  rrtiddle  basitarsus 
(fig.  7)  with  several  bristles,  the  two  nearest  base  2/5  of  a  millimeter 
long;  posterior  basitarsus  with  two  bristles  above,  one  near  the  base  and 
one  at  basal  third ;  also  a  smaller  bristle  at  apical  third. 

The  anal  appendage  which  issues  from  between  the  fourth  and  fifth 
segments  (fig.  1)  is  about  2.4  millimeters  long,  the  apical  portion  spoon- 
shaped,  the  narrow  part  whitish,  black  at  base  and  fringed  on  one  edge, 
except  at  base,  with  pale  hairs;  the  apical  portion,  or  spoon  (fig.  2)  has 
these  pale  hairs  continued  to  tip,  this  fringed  edge  narrowly  black  and 
with  a  stripe  of  curled  hair  on  the  inner  edge  of  the  black  border;  apical 
margin  to  lower  angle  of  tip  very  narrowly  black;  lower  angle  with  a 
cluster  of  spreading,  whitish  bristles ;  two  pairs  of  inner  appendages  visi- 
ble, first  pair  (fig.  3)  large,  black  and  fringed  with  small  hairs  above; 
second  pair  (fig.  4)  smaller  and  black,  tipped  with  two  small  stiff  little 
hairs. 


Scellus  crinipes  M.  C.  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Male :  Length,  exclusive  of  anal  appendages,  5  mm. ;  of  wing  7  mm. 
Face  long,  quite  wide,  covered  with  white  pollen  (not  silvery)  reaching 
the  lower  corner  of  eye ;  portion  below  suture  longer  than  wide ;  lower 
edge  rounded ;  palpi  and  proboscis  black,  the  former  with  white  pollen ; 
antennae  elongated,  black;  first  two  joints  taken  together  about  equal  to 
lower  portion  of  face,  third  joint  equal  to  length  of  upper  part  of  face; 
joints  of  antennae  8-3-28  twenty-fifths  of  a  millimeter  long;  arista  nearly 
apical,  8/25  of  a  millimeter  long ;  front  black,  with  brown  pollen  in 
central  portion,  that  above  antennae  and  on  a  narrow  space  along  orbits, 
whitish;  upper  orbital  cilia  formed  of  five  black  bristles  on  each  side; 
one  pair  of  postverticals,  and  quite  an  abundant  beard  of  long  whitish 
hair. 

Dorsum  of  thorax  opaque  with  a  grayish  brown  pollen,  which  leaves 
a  narrow  coppery  line  each  side  of  acrostichal  bristles,  and  a  large  space 
of  same  color  before  scutellum;   a  broad,  poorly  defined,  shining  stripe 

August  14,   1925 


178  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

on  the  sides  of  the  dorsum  v.-heii  viewed  from  behind;  bristles  of  thorax 
inserted  in  dark  brown  dots ;  pleurae  more  black,  with  white  pollen ; 
scutellum  with  one  pair  of  bristles;  propleura  with  three  black  bristles 
and  a  few  pale  hairs  above  fore  coxa ;  abdomen  short,  bronze-colored, 
with  green  and  coppery  reflections,  dulled  with  white  pollen ;  each  visible 
segment  with  three  shining  black  dots  on  lower  part  of  sides ;  hairs  on 
the  abdomen  small,  pale ;  hypopygium  mostly  concealed.  There  are  anal 
appendages  projecting  from  between  fourth  and  fifth  segments  on  sides 
of  dorsum  (fig.  8),  long  and  narrow  with  a  large  spoon-shaped  end,  black 
at  base  but  otherwise  mostly  white;  upper  margin  of  spoon  (fig.  9)  nar- 
rowly blackish,  outer  angles  each  with  a  small  black  spot ;  on  one  edge 
of  narrow  portion  and  extending  onto  the  spoon  is  a  fringe  of  quite 
long  pale  hairs;  at  each  outer  angle  of  the  spoon  is  a  somewhat  fan-shaped 
cluster  of  hairs,  which  appear  brown  in  certain  lights;  three  pair  of  inner 
appendages;  the  first  (fig.  10)  black,  with  a  thorn-like  projection  on  side 
and  fringed  with  small  hairs;  second  (fig.  11)  yellowish  with  a  curved 
thorn  on  side  and  with  end  enlarged;  third  pair  (fig.  12)  yellow,  halter- 
like. 

All  coxse  black  with  white  pollen ;  anterior  surface  of  fore  coxae  with  a 
few  pale  hairs  and  with  a  row  of  five,  rather  small,  black  bristles  on 
outer  edge  of  apical  half;  middle  and  hind  coxse  with  a  few  stiff  black 
hairs  at  tip;  all  femora  and  tibiae  green;  fore  tibiae  on  most  of  apical  two- 
fifths  black  with  some  coppery  reflections ;  all  tarsi  black,  sometimes  more 
or  less  greenish ;  fore  femora  thickened,  with  numerous  spines  below, 
those  near  the  base  nearly  as  long  as  thickness  of  femora  at  point  of  in- 
sertion, those  near  tip  short;  anterior  tibia  (figures  13,  14)  thickened  and 
bent;  on  anterior  surface  a  little  beyond  middle  a  large,  slightly  bent 
thorn ;  about  opposite  this  thorn  on  lower  edge  begins  a  row  of  large, 
black,  stubby  bristles ;  when  viewed  from  tip  along  inner  surface  these 
bristles  bend  inward  and  there  are  several  bristles  around  the  thorn  that 
bend  towards  those  in  lower  row ;  at  tip  is  a  large  lobe  extending  down- 
ward, which  has  a  row  of  small  hairs  on  edge  nearest  femora,  two  small 
bristle-like  hairs  at  tip,  and  delicate  hairs  on  apical  edge,  where  there  are 
also  a  few  stubby  spines  near  tip;  on  upper  portion  of  end  of  tibia  ate 
some  small  yellow  hairs ;  middle  femora  long,  not  thickened,  arched,  with 
a  few  short  bristles,  six  on  upper  and  four  or  five  on  lower  anterior  edge, 
none  as  long  as  diameter  of  femora;  middle  tibiae  (figs.  15,  16)  with  long, 
black,  curled  hair  on  nearly  their  whole  lower  surface,  these  hairs  a  little 
longer  near  tip;  on  upper  posterior  edge  of  middle  half,  is  a  row  of  eight 
bristles  scarcely  as  long  as  diameter  of  tibia  at  their  insertion ;  commenc- 
ing on  upper  anterior  edge  a  little  beyond  the  middle  is  a  row  of  long, 
deep  black  bristles,  this  row  slants  downward  and  becomes  a  dense  cluster 
just  beyond  apical  third;  they  are  as  long  as  the  thickened  end  of  tibia; 
two  moderately  long  bristles  below  and  two  above  near  apical  end  of 
tibia;  posterior  femora  and  tibia  long  and  rather  slender,  the  former  only 
a  little  thicker  than  middle  femora,  and  with  a  few  short  bristles,  the 
latter  without  bristles;  all  tarsi  plain;  first  joint  of  fore  tarsi  with  rather 


Vol.  XIV] 


VAN  DUZEE—SCELLUS  VIRAGO  ALDRICH 


179 


Explanation  of  Figures 
Fig.  1,  virago  Aldrich,  anal  appendage.  Fig.  2,  virago,  tip  of  anal  ap- 
pendage seen  from  the  rear.  Fig.  3,  virago,  first  inner  appendage  of  the 
hypopygium.  Fig.  4,  virago,  second  inner  appendage.  Fig.  5,  virago, 
fore  tibia,  posterior  view.  Fig.  6,  virago,  tip  of  fore  tibia,  anterior  view. 
Fig.  7,  virago,  middle  tibia  and  base  of  tarsi.  Fig.  8,  crinipes,  new  species, 
anal  appendage.  Fig.  9,  crinipes,  tip  of  anal  appendage  seen  from  above. 
Fig.  10,  crinipes,  first  inner  appendage  of  the  hypopygium.  Fig.  11, 
crinipes,  second  inner  appendage.    Fig.  12,  crinipes,  third  inner  appendage. 


jgQ  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIEXCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

long,  dense,  delicate  hairs  below ;  posterior  basitarsus  with  several  small 
bristles  on  upper  surface,  two  being  slightly  longer  than  diameter  of 
joint.  Following  are  lengths  of  tibioe  and  tarsal  joints  in  twenty-fifths  of 
a  millimeter:  fore  tibia,  44;  joints  of  fore  tarsi,  42-29-19-11-8;  middle 
tibia,  84;  joints  of  middle  tarsi,  49-24-14-9-8;  posterior  tibia,  78;  joints 
of  posterior  tarsi,  57-35-19-12-8.  Calypters  whitish  with  a  brown  tip  and 
short  white  cilia.     Halteres  yellow. 

Wings  grayish  on  posterior  half,  tinged  with  brown  from  the  costa  to 
back  of  third  vein,  in  basal  half  of  discal  cell,  extending  back  of  fifth  vein 
and  along  fourth  vein;  a  distinct  brown  spot  on  bend  of  last  section  of 
fourth  vein,  and  a  double  spot  on  the  cross-vein ;  costa  as  far  as  tip  of 
first  vein  yellowish,  other  veins  brown,  except  at  extreme  base ;  tips  of 
third  and  fourth  veins  close  together;  sixth  vein  reaching  about  half-way 
to  wing  margin;  cross  vein  20,  last  section  of  fifth  vein  12  twenty-fifths 
of  a  millimeter  long,  the  latter  at  nearly  right-angles  to  wing  margin ;  the 
former  oblique,  but  not  parallel  with  the  wing  margin. 

Female:  Length  4.5-6  mm.;  of  wing  6-7.2  mm.  Color  of  all  parts  about 
same  as  in  male;  face  a  little  wider;  joints  of  antennae  8-4-18  twenty- 
fifths  of  a  millimeter,  arista  15/25;  fore  femora  with  spines  below  as  in 
male;  anterior  tibia  thickened,  with  a  small  projection  below  at  tip,  which 
has  a  fringe  of  stiff  hairs  on  the  edge  nearest  the  femora;  these  tibiae  with 
several  bristles  on  upper  surface  and  two  rows  below,  two  or  three  of  the 
bristles  in  the  lower  anterior  row  being  as  long  as  thickness  of  tibia; 
middle  femora  and  tibiae  nearly  straight  and  plain  with  a  few  short  scat- 
tering bristles.  Following  is  length  of  tibiae  and  tarsal  joints  in  twenty- 
fifths  of  a  millimeter:  fore  tibia,  47;  joints  of  fore  tarsi,  35-25-17-11-7; 
middle  tibia,  86;  joints  of  middle  tarsi,  48-23-15-9-8;  posterior  tibia,  101; 
joints  of  hind  tarsi,  51-32-20-11-8.     Wings  about  as  in  the  male. 

Described  from  five  males  and  eight  females ;  one  pair  taken 
at  mouth  of  Bear  River,  Utah,  July  2,  1916,  by  Dr.  Alexander 
Wetmore ;  the  others  taken  by  me  in  the  grass  on  the  shore  at 
Saltair,  Great  Salt  Lake,  Utah,  June  8,  1915.  The  type  and 
allotype  are  from  among  the  latter  specimens  and  are  in  the 
author's  collection.  Paratypes  in  the  California  Academy  of 
Sciences  and  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 


Scellus  varipennis  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Male :  Length,  without  the  anal  appendages,  7  mm. ;  with  appendages, 
9.5  mm.;  length  of  wing,  8  mm.  Face  wide;  palpi  and  face  covered  with 
yellowish  gray  pollen ;  front  opaque  with  brown  pollen,  except  a  narrow 
line  of  pale  pollen  along  the  orbits;  antennae  (fig.  17),  black;  length  of 
its  joints  in  twenty-fifths  of  a  millimeter  are  10-4-28,  and  of  arista,  8; 
arista  inserted  close  to  the  tip;  upper  part  of  the  posterior  orbits  with  six 
large  black  bristles;  one  pair  of  postverticals ;  beard  abundant,  long,  white. 


Vol.  XIV]  WAN  DUZEE—SCELLUS  VIRAGO  ALDRICH 

T 


181 


Explanation  of  Figures 

Fig.  13,  crinipes,  fore  tibia,  seen  from  above.  Fig.  14,  crinipcs,  fore  tibia, 
anterior  view.  Fig.  15,  crinipes,  middle  tibia,  upper  anterior  view.  Fig. 
16,  crinipes,  middle  tibia,  posterior  view.  Fig.  17,  varipcnnis,  new  species, 
antenna  of  male.  Fig.  18,  varipcnnis,  anal  appendage.  Fig.  19,  varipcnnis, 
first  inner  appendage  of  the  hypopygium.  Fig.  20,  varipcnnis,  second  inner 
appendage.  Fig.  21,  varipcnnis,  third  inner  appendage.  Fig  22,  vari- 
pcnnis, fore  tibia,  anterior  view.  Fig.  23,  varipcnnis,  middle  tibia  and 
base  of  tarsi. 


2g2  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  '^F  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Dorsum  of  thorax  coppery,  so  thickly  covered  with  grayish  brown  pollen 
as  almost  to  conceal  the  ground  color,  except  on  the  posterior  flattened 
space  before  the  scutellum,  with  a  narrow  dark  line  each  side  of  the  small 
acrostichal  bristles ;  dorsocentrals  small,  except  posterior  two ;  prothorax 
with  three  large  black  bristles  and  several  pale  hairs  above  fore  coxa; 
scutellum  more  green  than  thorax  and  with  one  pair  of  marginal  bristles; 
dorsum  of  abdomen  coppery,  covered  with  white  pollen  on  sides;  each 
segment  with  three  black  dots  on  lower  edge  of  sides ;  abdomen  with  six 
visible  segments  on  dorsal  line ;  the  long  anal  appendages  issue  from  be- 
tween fourth  and  fifth  segments,  on  sides  of  the  dorsum  (fig.  18),  bend 
near  the  base  and  from  that  point  extend  almost  directly  backward,  base 
black,  middle  portion  white  and  most  of  the  spoon-shaped  end  brown ;  be- 
fore base  of  spoon  a  yellowish  horn  and  beyond  this  a  pale  appendage, 
which  seems  to  be  formed  of  flattened  bristles  fused  together  at  their  base; 
a  large,  more  or  less  fan-shaped  tuft  of  pale  bristles  at  tip  of  spoon;  upper 
portion  of  hypopygium  concealed  within  seventh  segment  of  abdomen,  up- 
per part  of  posterior  surface  with  a  number  of  pale  bristles  extending  back- 
ward; three  pair  of  inner  appendages,  the  first  (fig.  19)  black,  wide, 
with  two  points,  each  tipped  with  a  tuft  of  yellow  hairs ;  the  fringe  of 
hairs  on  upper  edge  more  grayish;  second  pair  (fig.  20)  yellow,  quite 
slender  and  bent,  with  a  few  short  hairs  near  middle;  third  pair  (fig. 
21)  black,  elongate,  rounded  at  tip,  fringed  with  pale  hairs,  widely  sep- 
arated, being  placed  on  each  side  near  the  venter  of  fifth  segment. 

Coxae  black  or  slightly  coppery ;  anterior  pair  covered  with  dark  gray 
pollen  on  front  surface,  which  has  a  few  pale  hairs  and  also  a  row  of 
very  short  black  bristles  on  apical  half ;  middle  coxae  with  black  bristle- 
like hairs  at  tip ;  all  trochanters  with  several  small  spines  or  bristles ;  all 
femora  coppery,  dulled  with  gray  pollen,  sometimes  with  green  reflections 
at  base ;  anterior  pair  much  thickened  at  base,  tapering  to  their  tips,  with 
many  stout  bristles  below,  those  at  base  long,  the  ones  near  tip  very  short ; 
fore  tibiae  (fig.  22)  52  twenty-fifths  of  a  millimeter  long,  stout,  with  a 
large  projection  below  at  tip,  metallic  green,  dulled  with  gray  pollen, 
tip  black,  this  color  extending  as  a  stripe  on  posterior  surface  nearly  to 
middle,  with  a  row  of  about  six  short,  stout  bristles  extending  basad  from 
the  end  of  black  stripe,  but  not  reaching  base;  on  lower  anterior  surface 
with  a  row  of  larger  bristles,  which  are  as  long  as  thickness  of  tibia,  and  ex- 
tend along  lower  edge  of  projection  at  tip  of  tibia  to  its  apex,  those  on 
the  projection  shorter  and  spine-like;  above  tip  of  projection  two  of  these 
spines  and  a  fringe  of  yellow  hairs  at  tip  of  tibia.  The  thorn  usually 
found  on  anterior  surface  of  tibia  in  this  genus  is  represented  by  a 
small,  shining  black,  elevation  on  the  surface  near  apical  third,  this  with 
the  appearance  of  a  black  transverse  line  with  two  slight  elevations,  the 
upper  of  which  is  only  slightly  raised  above  the  surface;  middle  femora 
long,  bent,  a  little  thickened  in  the  middle,  without  any  long  bristles,  their 
hair  black,  except  a  row  of  short,  very  delicate  pale  ones  on  lower  pos- 
terior surface;  middle  tibia  (fig.  23)  green,  dulled  with  gray  pollen,  with 
coppery  reflections  on  upper  surface,  except  at  tip;  lower  posterior  sur- 


Vol.  XIV]  VAN  DUZEE—SCELLUS  VIRAGO  ALDRICH  lg3 

face  dark,  shining  green;  tibise  a  little  thickened  and  bent  downward  just 
before  tip ;  below  close  to  tip  a  pair  of  long  curved  thorns  and  a  pair  of 
shorter  bristles  above  near  tip ;  two  long  bristles  on  upper  posterior  sur- 
face of  basal  half;  on  anterior  surface  is  one  long  bristle  near  base  above 
and  a  row  of  three  long  ones  beginning  at  middle;  beyond  these  two 
smaller  ones,  one  below  the  other.  The  whole  lower  surface  of  these 
tibice  is  covered  with  long,  black,  curled  hair;  many  of  these  hairs,  longer 
than  thickness  of  tibia;  they  are  mostly  of  nearly  equal  length  from  base 
to  near  tip,  where  they  end  abruptly,  leaving  tip  of  tibia  bare;  viewed  from 
above  there  is  a  dense  bunch  of  very  black,  long,  curled  hair  near  tip  on 
posterior  surface,  these  connected  with  those  on  lower  surface;  posterior 
femora  distinctly  thickened,  with  three  rather  small  bristles  on  upper 
surface  of  apical  third;  near  lower  edge  of  anterior  surface  of  basal  half 
is  a  row  of  black  bristles,  also  another  row  of  bristles  on  lower  edge  of 
anterior  surface  of  apical  half ;  posterior  tibia  102  twenty-fifths  of  a 
millimeter  long  and  bent  near  apical  third  when  seen  from  above;  lower 
surface  hollowed  out  before  tip,  which  projects  a  little  downward  at  apex; 
lower  surface  of  apical  third  with  a  row  of  small  black  spines  which  end 
before  tip;  on  upper  posterior  surface  a  stripe  of  dense,  very  short,  yellow 
hairs,  which  reach  from  tip  nearly  to  middle;  first  joint  of  anterior  tarsi 
with  a  dense  fringe  of  short  golden  yellow  hairs  on  whole  of  lower  an- 
terior surface,  and  a  fringe  of  longer  black  hairs  on  lower  posterior  sur- 
face, first  joint  of  middle  tarsi  (fig.  23)  with  several  long  bristles  at  base 
below,  fully  as  long  as  curved  thorns  at  tip  of  tibia;  also  several  shorter 
bristles  beyond  these ;  hind  tarsi  with  two  or  three  bristles  above,  which 
are  as  long  as  diameter  of  joint;  length  of  joints  of  tarsi  given  below 
in  twenty-fifths  of  a  millimeter;  joints  of  fore  tarsi,  37-28-20-14-11;  of 
middle  ones,  56-25-18-11-10;  joints  of  hind  tarsi,  58-41-26-15-11.  Calypters 
and  halteres  yellow,  the  former  with  white  cilia. 

Wings  tinged  with  brown,  posterior  margin  and  center  of  cells  more 
gray;  a  conspicuous  whitish  spot  back  of  fifth  vein  near  root  of  wing; 
they  have  a  dark  brown  spot  on  the  bend  of  last  section  of  fourth  vein 
and  a  double  spot  on  the  cross-vein ;  sixth  vein  faint,  not  reaching  wing 
margin;  last  section  of  fifth  vein  12,  of  cross-vein  23,  twenty-fifths  of  a 
millimeter  long.     Described  from  two  males. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1647,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
C.  L.  Fox,  August  2,  1922,  at  Lake  City,  Modoc  Co.,  Califor- 
nia.   Paratype,  male,  same  data. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  11,  pp.  185-215.  August  14,  1925 


XI 

BEES  IN  THE  COLLECTION  OF  CALIFORNIA 
ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

BY 

T.  D.  A.  COCKERELL 

University  of  Colorado  \ 

1.     Colletes  myroni  Cockerell 

Female:  San  Francisco,  California,  April  30,  1911  (J.  A. 
Kusche).  This  is  a  surprising*  record,  as  the  species  was  de- 
scribed from  Colorado.  The  head  and  pleura  have  black  hair, 
while  that  on  the  thorax  above  is  bright  ferruginous. 


2.     Colletes  slevini  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female:  Length  about  11  mm.,  anterior  wing  7  mm.;  black,  the  head 
and  thorax  densely  covered  with  clear  tawny  yellow  hair,  becoming 
whitish  on  cheeks  and  thorax  beneath,  on  dorsum  of  thorax  rather  short 
but  not  moss-like,  and  without  black  hairs  intermixed ;  head  broad,  orbits 
converging  below ;  malar  space  much  broader  than  long ;  mandibles 
black;  clypeus  densely  and  coarsely  striate-punctate,  glistening;  antennae 
entirely  black,  flagellum  short ;  mesothorax  smooth  and  shining  on  disc 
posteriorly;  base  of  metathorax  transversely  channelled,  with  plicae  at 
sides ;  tegulae  very  dark  brown ;  wings  hyaline,  appearing  milky ;  stigma 
small,  dark  brown;  nervures  black,  second  cubital  cell  very  broad,  receiv-l 
ing  recurrent  nervure  in  middle ;  legs  with  pale  hair ;  abdomen  with  the 
first  segment  opaque  except  posteriorly,  the  punctures  fine  and  weak ; 
following  segments  more  shining,  all  with  apical  yellow  hair  bands  i^ale 
and  not  very  dense ;  first  segment  with  much  yellowish  hair  at  base,  and 

August  14,  1925 


jg^  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

long  hairs  overlapping  the  middle  part.     Basal   nervure   falling  consid- 
erably short  of  nervulus. 

Easily  known  from  such  species  as  C.  americana  Cresson  by 
the  dull,  not  polished,  first  abdominal  segment.  In  this  it 
rather  resembles  C.  andreivsi  Ckll.,  but  differs  from  it  by 
being  considerably  smaller  and  less  robust,  with  very  much 
shorter  wings. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1648,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  L.  S.  Slevin,  September  24,  1922,  at  Paraiso  Springs, 
Monterey  County,  California. 

3.     Colletes  daleae  Cockerell 
Three  females.  La  Paz,  June  29  (Ferris). 

4.     Hylaeus  conspicuus  (Metz) 

Males:  Santa  Clara  County,  California,  July  1,  1916  (W. 
M.  Giffard).  Compared  with  cotypes  received  from  Metz. 
Mokelumne  Hill,  California,  September  (Blaisdell), 

5.     Hylaeus  asininus  (Cockerell  &  Casad) 

Males:  Potholes,  Imperial  County,  California,  April  10, 
1923  (Van  Duzee). 

6.     Hylaeus  giffardiellus   Cockerell,  new   species 

Male :  Length  about  6.5  mm. ;  black,  with  the  face  markings  deep 
chrome  yellow  and  the  wings  fuliginous ;  orbits  little  converging  below, 
face  broad,  entirely  deep  yellow  (orange)  below  level  of  antennre ;  supra- 
clypeal  mark  much  longer  than  broad,  not  notched  above ;  lateral  marks 
cut  off  mesad  at  about  middle  of  supraclypeal  mark,  but  extending  as 
bands  up  orbital  margins,  ending  abruptly  but  not  dilated  (style  of  H. 
citrinifrons  Ckll.)  ;  labrum  with  a  yellow  spot  and  mandibles  largely  yel- 
low; scape  a  little  dilated,  with  a  yellow  stripe  in  front;  flagellum  bright 
ferruginous  beneath;  front  and  mesothorax  (except  posteriorly)  dull, 
with  very  dense  fine  punctures ;  scutellum  shining,  the  strong  punctures 
distinctly  separated;  posterior  face  of  metathorax  dull,  with  a  narrow 
shining  median  groove;  prothorax  above  (except  middle)  and  tubercles 
broadly  yellow;  tegulae  with  a  yellow  spot;  anterior  tibise  in  front,  middle 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—BEES  Jg/ 

tibiae  broadly  at  base  and  a  mark  at  apex,  and  !)asal  half  of  hind  tibiae, 
yellow ;  basitarsi  pale  yellow,  more  or  less  dark  at  apex ;  first  recurrent 
nervure  reaching  apical  corner  of  first  cubital  cell ;  abdomen  strongly  and 
distinctly  punctured ;  first  segment  with  a  small  fringe  of  white  hair  at 
sides ;  second  and  third  segments  swollen  in  middle  so  that  their  apices 
appear  depressed;  hind  margin  of  fourth  and  fifth  segments  faintly 
reddish. 

Allied  to  H.  citrinifrons  (Prosopis  citrinifrons  Ckll.),  but 
easily  separated  by  the  color  of  the  antennas,  the  longer  supra- 
clypeal  marks,  and  strongly  punctured  abdomen.  The  face  is 
much  broader  than  in  H.  stevensi  Crawford. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1649,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
W.  M.  Giffard,  May  24,  1917,  in  San  Joaquin  Co.,  California. 
Paratype,  one  male,  same  data. 


7.     Parandrena  concinnula  Cockerell 

Males  from  Whittier,  Calif.,  Feb.  22,  1911,  on  flowers  of 
Rhus  (P.  H.  Timberlake).  This  is  the  first  exact  locality  for 
the  species. 


8.     Diandrena  perchalybea  (Viereck) 

Females:  Carmel,  California,  May  19  (Van  Dyke).  The 
hair  of  the  head  and  thorax  above  is  conspicuously  paler  than 
in  a  specimen  from  Washington  State,  whence  the  species  was 
described,  but  the  difference  cannot  indicate  another  species. 
The  bees,  like  the  birds  and  mammals,  tend  to  melanism  north- 
ward in  the  Pacific  coast  region,  but  good  series  from  many 
localities  will  be  required  before  we  can  fully  elucidate  the 
phenomenon  and  clearly  distinguish  whatever  local  races  may 
exist.  This  work  should  of  course  be  done  by  a  resident  of 
one  of  the  coast  States. 

A  male  from  Mokelumne  Hill,  California  (Blaisdell),  is  re- 
ferred here,  though  the  male  of  D.  perchalybea  has  not  been 
described,  and  the  reference  should  be  confirmed  by  field  ob- 
servations. It  is  exceedingly  like  the  males  of  D.  nothocalaidis 
Ckll.  and  D.  cyanosoma  Ckll,  the  abdomen  being  duller  than 
in  the  former,  but  more  shining  than  in  the  latter.     In  all  three 


Jgg  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

the  face  has  long-  white  hair,  black  along  the  orbits.  In  D. 
cyanosoma  the  area  of  metathorax  is  finely  wrinkled  or  sub- 
reticulate  all  over,  with  short  transverse  rugae  on  each  side  of 
middle  line;  in  D.  nothocalaidis  it  is  quite  different,  with  fewer 
rugae,  and  well  separated  longitudinal  ones  in  the  basal  part. 
In  the)  male  supposed  to  belong  to  D.  perchalybea,  it  is  sculpn 
tured  practically  as  in  D.  nothocalaidis,  but  the  posterior  angle 
of  the  enclosure  is  much  wider.  The  flagellum  is  much  redder 
than  in  D.  nothocalaidis. 

The  metathoracic  sculpture  of  the  male  differs  appreciably 
from  that  of  the  female  D.  perchalybea,  but  the  difference  is 
similar  to  that  in  the  undoubted  sexes  of  D.  nothocalaidis. 

9.     Nomia  melanderi  Cockerell 

Four  males  from  Payette,  Idaho,  June  29,  1922  (Van 
Dyke),  and  one  from  Los  Banos,  California,  May  22,  1918 
(Van  Duzee),  have  black  tegulae,  and  no  green  band  on  first 
abdominal  segment,  and  must  be  referred  to  A^.  melanderi.  The 
abdominal  bands  are  bluish  green,  and  the  antennae  and  struc- 
ture of  abdomen,  etc.,  are  as  in  A^.  acus  Cockerell,  which  is  ap- 
parently to  be  called  A^.  melanderi  acus,  being  merely  a  slightly 
modified  southern  race. 

10.     Nomia  califomica  Cockerell 

Preston,  Idaho,  19  females,  July  17,  1922  (Van  Duzee)  ; 
Logan,  Utah,  4  females.  July  18,  1922  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Pot- 
holes, Imperial  Co.,  California,  1  female,  April  11,  1923  (Van 
Duzee).  The  Californian  specimen  has  narrower  bands  than 
the  others.  The  Utah  and  Idaho  records  represent  a  great  ex- 
tension of  range,  but  I  cannot  find  any  grounds  for  separating 
them  from  A^.  califomica. 

11.     Halictus  pavonotus  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female  (type)  :  Length  8  to  9  mm.;  head,  thorax  and  abdomen  green, 
legs  and  antennae  black;  hair  of  head  and  thorax  abundant,  rather  long, 
erect,  fringed  with  ochreous,  but  practically  white  on  cheeks  and  lower 
part  of  thorax ;  face  broad,  inner  orbits  curved,   but  eyes  not  distinctly 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—BEES  \^g 

cmarginate ;  clypeus  prominent  and  produced,  shining  black,  its  upper  part 
green,  the  surface  longitudinally  grooved;  mandibles  slender,  black,  rufes- 
cent  at  tip;  supraclypeal  area  brassy;  sides  of  face  and  front  shining,  but 
middle  of  front  dull;  mesothorax  peacock  green  (purple  in  specimen  from 
Golden  Gate  Park),  dullish  because  very  densely  and  finely  punctured; 
scutellum  shining,  well  punctured,  depressed  in  middle ;  area  of  metathorax 
broad,  well-defined,  obtusely  pointed  behind,  entirely  covered  with  fine 
rugae,  which  at  sides  form  delicate  ribs ;  sides  of  metathorax  minutely 
roughened  and  dull ;  tegulje  punctured,  piceous  with  hyaline  margins, 
posteriorly  with  a  red  spot;  wings  hyaline,  slightly  brownish,  stigma  dull 
amber,  nervures  dilute  fuscous ;  second  cubital  cell  very  broad,  receiving 
recurrent  nervure  considerably  before  its  end ;  third  cubital  subquadrate, 
narrowed  about  a  third  above;  basal  nervure  falling  short  of  nervulus; 
legs  with  abundant  dull  white  hair,  stained  with  red  on  outer  side  of 
middle  tibiae,  a  pale  reddish  tuft  at  end  of  hind  basitarsi ;  hind  spur  curved, 
simple  (wholly  without  spines)  ;  abdomen  blue-green,  shining,  first  seg- 
ment highly  polished ;  bases  of  second  and  following  segments  broadly 
covered  with  dull  white  tomentum,  the  apical  portions  also  with  appressed 
white  hairs,  evident  only  in  certain  lights,  the  apical  half  of  the  abdomen 
becoming  very  hairy ;  basal  part  of  second  ventral  segment  black  and  very 
finely  cross-striate. 

San  Francisco,  California,  March  30,  1913  (Van  Dyke), 
March  30,  1919  (Van  Duzee),  and  April  20,  1913  (Van 
Dyke).  Also  one  labelled  "Golden  Gate  Park,  San  Francisco, 
April  21,  1912  (J.  C.  Thompson)." 

Male :  Length  hardly  8  mm.,  more  slender ;  head  and  thorax  with  much 
white  hair,  not  tinged  with  ochreous ;  clypeus  green  at  base,  rosy  in 
middle,  black  at  apex,  where  it  is  strongly  bigibbous;  supraclypeal  area 
bluish  green,  shining;  flagellum  long,  moniliform,  dull  red  beneath;  meso- 
thorax and  scutellum  shining,  but  closely  punctured ;  wings  clear ;  tarsi 
dark.    Taken  at  San  Francisco,  October  29,  1911    (Van  Dyke). 

A  completely  isolated  species  in  our  fauna,  having  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  South  American  genus  Pseudagapostemon 
Schrottky,  but  differing  in  the  simple  hind  spur  of  hind  tibia. 
There  is  a  slight  general  reseinblance  to  H.  aqiiilcB  Ckll.,  from 
New  Mexico. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1650,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  March  30,  1913,  at  San  Francisco,  Cali- 
fornia. 


J90  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

12.     Halictus  ovaliceps  Cockerell 

Females :  Meadow  Valley,  Plumas  County,  California,  3500- 
4000  ft.,  June  5  (Van  Dyke)  ;  Nanaimo,  B.  C,  Biological  Sta- 
tion, June  23  (Van  Duzee).  The  British  Columbia  specimen 
has  the  flagellum  almost  entirely  black  and  the  first  abdominal 
seg^ient  dark  except  the  broad  apical  margin. 

13.     Halictus  aspilurus  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female :  Length  7  mm. ;  anterior  wing  about  4.6  mm. ;  head,  thorax 
and  legs  black;  abdomen  shining,  very  bright  ferruginous;  basal  part  of 
first  tergite  infuscated,  black  at  sides,  other  segments  with  dusky  suf4 
fused  spots  at  extreme  sides,  the  apex  red  without  spots ;  hair  of  head 
and  thorax  very  scanty,  white,  long  and  erect  on  mesopleura,'  forming  a 
narrow,  dense  fringe  along  upper  margin  of  prothorax  and  about  tuber- 
cles;  mandibles  with  about  the  apical  half  dark  red;  head  broad,  about 
circular  seen  from  in  front ;  clypeus  shining,  very  sparsely  punctured ; 
front  dull,  excessively  closely  and  minutely  punctured ;  flagellum  ob- 
scurely reddened  beneath  toward  end ;  mesothorax  and  scutellum  shining, 
with  very  minute  punctures,  quite  dense  on  mesothorax;  area  of  metn- 
thorax  semilunar,  microscopically  reticulated ;  posterior  truncation  shin- 
ing; tegulse  rufous  with  dark  base;  wings  hyaline,  faintly  reddish;  stigma 
large,  reddish  sepia ;  nervures  rather  pale  brown ;  first  recurrent  meeting 
second  intercubitus ;  second  cubital  cell  very  broad  below ;  legs  with 
whitish  hair ;  hind  spur  pectinate ;  abdomen  without  hair-bands. 

Resembles  H.  ovaliceps,  but  easily  known  by  the  round  head. 
From  H.  arizonensis  Crawford  it  is  known  by  the  character  of 
the  pubescence  and  the  entirely  red  apical  part  of  abdomen. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1651,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  May  22,  1920,  at  Pleyto,  Monterey  Co., 
California. 

14.     Halictus  farinosus  Smith 

Female:  Santa  Monica,  California  (F.  C.  Clark).  The 
hind  spur  of  the  hind  tibia  is  serrate;  in  the  closely  related 
H.  lerouxii  Lep.  it  is  dentate. 

Female:  Tuolumne  County,  California,  June  16  (W.  M. 
Giffard). 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—BEES  191 

15.  Halictus   (Seladonia)   catalinensis  Cockercll 

Female:  Santa  Cruz  Island,  California,  May  16  (Van 
Duzee).    Described  from  Catalina  Island. 

16.  Halictus  vanduzeei  Sandhouse  &  Cockerell 

Two  females.  La  Paz,  June  29  (Ferris).  These  have  the 
face  narrower  than  the  type,  but  otherwise  agree. 

17.     Agapostemon  digueti  Cockerell 
Numerous  males.  La  Paz,  June  29  (Ferris). 

18.    Agapostemon  texanus  vandykei  Cockerell,  new  subspecies 

Female:  Size  of  A.  texanus,  but  yellowish  green,  with  strong  and 
beautiful  golden  reflections  on  face  and  abdomen ;  hair  of  head  and 
thorax  pale  ochreous ;  wings  dusky  all  over  with  a  reddish  tint.  Less 
conspicuous  features  are  the  broader  face,  more  finely  plicate  area  of 
metathorax  (with  slight  indications  of  a  differentiated  median  space) 
and  more  finely  striate  posterior  truncation.  It  does  not  resemble  A. 
texanus  iowensis  Ckll.,  and  compared  with  that  form,  the  strise  on 
truncation  of  metathorax  are  much  more  nearly  vertical  (less  trans- 
verse). The  area  of  metathorax  is  more  like  that  of  A.  texayius  subtilior 
Ckll.,  but  that  form  is  quite  differently  colored.  From  A.  borealis  Craw- 
ford, which  is  another  segregate  from  A.  texanus,  the  present  form  will 
be  known  by  the  smaller  size  and  golden   (instead  of  bluish)   reflections. 

As  the  three  specimens  are  alike,  we  doubtless  have  a  dis- 
tinct subspecies  or  race. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1652,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  June  25,  1921,  in  Yosemite  Valley,  Cali- 
fornia.   Paratypes,  two  females,  same  place,  July  1,  1921. 

19.     Sphecodes  arvensiformis  Cockerell 

Males:  Lagoon,  Utah,  June  30  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Sobre  Vista, 
Sonoma  County,  California,  May  12  (J.  A.  Kusche).  5. 
arvensiformis  was  described  from  the  female.  These  entirely 
black  males  are  referred  to  it  on  the  basis  of  probabilities,  but 
the  reference  should  be  confirmed  by  biological  observations. 


192  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

They  very  closely  resemble  the  male  of  S.  arvensis  Patton,  but 
are  distinctly  larger,  with  darker  wings,  and  more  robust 
flagellum.  The  Utah  form  differs  from  that  of  California  by 
the  uniformly  dusky  wings,  those  of  the  latter  being  pale,  with 
the  apical  margin  broadly  dusky.  In  the  California  specimen 
the  first  recurrent  nervure  meets  the  second  intercubitus ;  but 
one  Utah  specimen  has  the  second  cubital  cell  rather  broad, 
with  the  recurrent  nervure  near  its  end,  while  the  other  has  the 
cell  narrow,  and  the  recurrent  near  the  middle.  I  extracted  the 
genitalia  from  the  California  specimen  and  the  Utah  one  with 
broad  second  cubital,  and  do  not  see  any  material  difference. 
Females  of  ^.  arvensiformis  have  the  second  cubital  narrow. 
As  matters  stand  at  present,  it  appears  necessary  to  refer  these 
black  males  to  5*.  arvensiformis,  but  future  work  may  prove  the 
existence  of  more  than  one  species  of  this  alliance  in  the  region 
concerned. 

20.     Perdita  pyrifera  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female :  Length  about  5.5  mm. ;  head  and  thorax  green,  the  meso- 
thorax  shining  yellowish  green,  and  very  sparsely  punctured ;  wings 
remarkably  short,  strongly  dusky,  stigma  and  nervures  sepia  brown ; 
abdomen  flattened,  dullish,  entirely  light  yellowish  ferruginous  except  a 
pair  of  suffused  black  spots  on  first  segment,  and  a  black  line  at  each 
extreme  side  of  second ;  the  second  and  third  segments  may  show  suffused 
and  faint  traces  of  transverse  yellowish  bands ;  head  ordinary,  facial 
quadrangle  longer  than  broad ;  no  supraclypeal  or  dog-ear  marks ;  clypeus 
shining  black,  sparsely  punctured,  with  a  very  slender  median  pale  line 
(sometimes  reduced  to  a  dot)  on  upper  part;  labrum  black,  prominent, 
concave  in  middle ;  mandibles  light  yellow,  black  at  end ;  lateral  face 
marks  large,  very  pale  yellow,  pear-shaped,  the  very  acute  upper  end  on 
orbit  at  about  level  of  antennae;  flagellum  pale  yellowish  beneath;  front 
dull ;  cheeks  unarmed ;  tubercles  and  two  marks  on  upper  border  of  pro- 
thorax  light  yellow;  pleura  shining;  tegulse  dark  in  front,  very  pale  be- 
hind ;  second  cubital  cell  very  large,  greatly  narrowed  above ;  anterior 
and  middle  femora  robust ;  legs  black,  or  very  dark  brown ;  anterior  and 
middle  knees,  and  broad  stripe  down  their  tibiae  in  front,  pale  yellow. 

Runs  in  my  table  next  to  the  much  smaller  and  quite  differ- 
ent P.  chamcEsarachcc  Ckll.  Superficially,  it  resembles  P.  rufi- 
cauda  Ckll.,  but  is  easily  separated  by  the  jX)lished  mesothorax, 
and  first  recurrent  nervure  joining  second  cubital  cell  a  short 
distance  from  base,  instead  of  meeting  tlie  intercubitus. 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—BEES  193 

Type:  Female,  No.  1653,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  May  22,  1920,  at  Pleyto,  Monterey  Co., 
California.     Paratypes,  two  females,  same  data. 

21.     Perdita  claypolei  Cockerell 

Female:  Mt.  San  Antonio,  California,  5000  ft.,  at  flowers 
of  Eriogonum  fasciciilatum,  August  22  (Timberlake).  The 
head  and  thorax  are  yellowish  green  instead  of  blue-green  as 
they  are  in  a  cotype  from  Mt.  Lowe. 

22.     Perdita  exclamans  imperialis  Cockerell,  new  subspecies 

Female:  Lateral  face-marks  linear  above,  not  reaching  level  of  ocelli; 
bands  on  abdominal  segments  narrower,  those  on  second  and  third  like 
those  on  fourth  and  fifth.  The  hind  margin  even  except  for  a  broad 
median  notch,  and  the  obhque  extensions  at  extreme  sides  to  edge  of 
abdomen ;  yellow  mark  on  lower  part  of  cheeks  reduced  to  a  small  spot. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1654,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  April  8,  1923,  at  Potholes,  Imperial  Co., 
California,  on  mesquite.  Typical  exclamans  Ckll.  also  visits 
mesquite. 

23.     Perdita  cleomellae  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female  (type):  Length  about  4  mm.;  head  and  thorax  shining  dark 
green,  with  white  or  cream-colored  markings,  the  mesothorax  and  scutel- 
lum  very  highly  polished ;  head  ordinary,  cheeks  unarmed ;  labial  palpi 
with  last  three  joints  together  shorter  than  first;  labrum,  mandibles  (ex- 
cept apically),  clypeus,  quadrate  supraclypeal  mark;  and  lateral  marks 
forming  broad  bands  ending  obliquely  at  level  of  antennae,  white;  cheeks 
dark,  with  white  hair ;  no  dog-ear  marks ;  scape  creamy-white ;  flagellum 
dark,  pallid  beneath,  and  the  tip  pallid  above ;  collar  and  tubercles  cream- 
color  ;  tegulse  hyaline  with  a  white  spot ;  wings  clear  hyaline,  stigma  and 
marginal  cell  margined  with  brown ;  first  four  legs  and  hind  femora 
cream  color,  hind  tibias  and  tarsi  blackish,  the  tibiae  pale  at  base ;  abdomen 
cream-color  with  four  entire  black  bands ;  apical  plate  red ;  venter  en- 
tirely pale. 

Male :  Length  a  little  over  3  mm. ;  face  polished,  entirely  creamy-white 
below  antennae,  the  lateral  marks  extending  some  distance  up  sides  of 
front,  ending  very  obliquely ;  flagellum  light  brown  above,  pale  yellow 
below ;  hind  tibiae  pale  yellow ;  abdomen  with  five  bands,  but  they  are 
more  or  less  brown,  especially  the  last  two. 

August  14,   1925 


J94  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Both  sexes  at  flowers  of  Cleomella  obtusifolia;  Barstow, 
California,  September  12,  1924  (P.  H.  Timberlake).  Numer- 
ous specimens  were  taken  on  the  flowers.  The  female  comes 
close  to  P.  interserta  Ckll.,  from  Los  Angeles  County,  Cali- 
fornia, but  is  easily  separated  by  the  small  size  and  white  mark- 
ings. There  is  also  some  resemblance  to  the  much  larger  P. 
townsendi  Ckll.  The  male  shows  some  resemblance  to  P.  ex- 
damans  atramentata  Ckll,  from  Sonora.  Two  paratypes  have 
been  deposited  in  the  collection  of  the  California  Academy  of 
Sciences. 

24.     Perdita  timberlakei   Cockerell,  new  species 

Female  (type)  :  Length  slightly  over  4  mm. ;  head  and  thorax  shin- 
ing dark  blue-green,  yellowish  green  or  mesothorax ;  head  small,  without 
light  markings,  but  mandibles  ferruginous  beyond  base,  scape  pale  yellow 
in  front,  flagellum  dusky  reddish  beneath;  upper  border  of  prothorax  and 
tubercles  pale  yellow ;  tegulae  hyaline,  with  a  yellow  spot ;  wings  hyaline, 
stigma  and  marginal  cell  dusky-margined ;  legs  black,  with  the  anterior 
tibix  very  broadly  light  lemon-yellow  in  front,  their  tarsi  pale  reddish ; 
middle  tibiae  with  a  yellow  stripe ;  abdomen  black,  with  four  lemon- 
yellow  bands,  only  the  first  reaching  the  lateral  margins ;  first  segment 
yellow  at  base,  and  this  connected  with  a  large  discal  more  or  less  tri- 
lobed  yellow  spot ;  venter  brown. 

Male :  Length  about  3  mm. ;  face  below  antennae,  labrum  and  mandi- 
bles, clear  white,  the  lateral  marks  extending  to  a  point  about  half  way 
up  front ;  scape  robust,  light  yellow  in  front ;  flagellum  light  yellow  be- 
neath ;  yellow  on  upper  border  of  prothorax  reduced  to  a  spot  at  each 
corner;  anterior  and  middle  femora  yellow  beneath;  first  four  tibiae 
yellow,  hind  tibiae  yellow  in  front;  abdomen  dark  brown,  with  yellow 
bands  at  bases  of  second  and  third  segments,  and  vestiges  of  one  on 
fourth. 

At  flowers  of  an  annual  Eriogonum,  Riverside,  California, 
September  24,  1924  (P.  H.  Timberlake).  Runs  in  the  tables 
near  to  P.  subfasciata  Ckll.  and  P.  punctifera  Ckll.,  but  is  quite 
distinct.  It  is  not  at  all  allied  to  P.  ftorissantella  Ckll.,  which 
visits  Eriogonum  in  Colorado.  Two  paratypes  have  been  de- 
posited in  the  collection  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences. 

25.     Perdita  vittata  Cockerell 
Two  females,  La  Paz,  June  29  (Ferris). 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—BEES  195 

26.     Spinoliella  peninsularis  Cockerell 
Very  many  specimens,  both  sexes,  La  Paz,  June  29  (Ferris). 

27.  Spinoliella  edwardsii  (Cresson) 

Male  and  female:  Huntington  Lake,  California,  7000  ft., 
July  10  (Van  Duzee).  The  female  is  of  the  form  lateralis 
(Cresson)  ;  male,  Fallen  Leaf  Lake,  Lake  Tahoe,  July  (L.  S. 
Rosenbaum) , 

28.  Spinoliella  scutellaris  (Fowler) 

Both  sexes;  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  June  25  (Van  Duzee)  ; 
male.  Lagoon,  Utah,  June  30  (Van  Duzee)  ;  females,  Logan, 
Utah,  July  18,  and  Saltair,  July  12  (Van  Duzee).  The  male 
is  easily  known  by  the  abruptly  dark  apical  part  of  the  antennae. 
The  female  was  described  by  Fowler  as  Calliopsis  visaliensis. 
The  type  of  5.  scutellaris  was  taken  by  Woodworth  at  Fresno, 
that  of  visaliensis  by  the  same  collector  at  Visalia,  both  on 
May  9. 

It  is  now  clear  that  6',  scutellaris  peninsularis  Ckll.  is  a  dis- 
tinct species,  Spinoliella  peninsularis.  The  male,  collected  by 
Ferris  at  La  Paz,  June  29,  has  the  flagellum  white  beneath  to 
the  end. 

29.  Spinoliella  anthidius  (Fowler) 

Male :  Bear  Valley,  San  Bernardino  Mts.,  California,  July 
(F.  C.  Clark).  Fowler's  description  is  of  the  male,  not  female 
as  he  has  it.  The  abdominal  bands,  broadly  interrupted  sub- 
laterally,  are  very  distinctive.  This  species  has  previously  been 
known  only  from  Fowler's  type,  collected  by  Woodworth  at 
Tulare. 

30.     Spinoliella  triangulifera  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female:  Length  slightly  over  7  mm.;  black,  with  cream-colored  sub- 
equilateral  triangular  marks  at  lower  corners  of  face,  and  large  cream- 
colored  spots  at  sides  of  first  four  abdominal  segments,  those  on  first  two 
rounded,  on  the  others  transverse,  pointed  mesad ;  hair  of  head  and  thorax 


j^^  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

quite  long  and  abundant,  grey,  more  brownish  dorsally ;  clypeus  shining, 
with  irregular  strong  punctures,  and  a  very  inconspicuous  median  pale 
line,  not  extending  more  than  half  way  down ;  flagellum  obscurely  reddish 
beneath ;  mesothorax  highly  polished,  very  sparsely  punctured ;  tegulse 
black ;  wings  strongly  greyish ;  stigma  and  nervures  dark  brown ;  abdomen 
broad,  shining. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1655,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  July  1,  1921,  at  Yosemite  Valley,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Closely  allied  to  S.  edivardsii  yar,  lateralis  (Cress.),  but 
smaller,  the  wings  not  so  strongly  reddened,  more  greyish,  and 
the  scutellum  not  excavated  or  depressed  in  middle.  It  is  also 
related  to  S.  ohscurella  (Cress.),  but  that  species  is  larger, 
with  flagellum  bright  ferruginous  beneath,  and  continuous 
bands  on  abdomen. 


31.     Spinoliella  equina  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female  (type)  :  Length  nearly  7  mm.;  black,  with  cream-colored  mark- 
ings; hair  of  head  and  thorax  dull  whitish,  dorsally  becoming  brownish; 
eyes  green;  mandibles  whitish  at  base,  then  red,  apically  black;  labrum 
black;  clypeus  light,  with  a  large  black  horse-shoe  shaped  mark  (the  arms 
ending  on  upper  margin),  from  which  there  is  a  small  projection  on  each 
side,  or  rarely  the  middle  of  clypeus  is  entirely  black,  except  a  small  pale 
spot ;  superaclypeal  and  dog-ear  marks  present ;  lateral  face  marks  very 
broad  triangles  with  base  on  orbit,  the  upper  point  acute,  level  with  an- 
tennje;  flagellum  rather  dull  red  beneath,  except  at  base;  mesothorax  shin- 
ing, sparsely  punctured ;  post-scutellum  and  obscure  spot  on  tubercles 
cream-color ;  tegulae  piceous ;  wings  hyaline,  very  faintly  dusky ;  stigma 
slender,  very  pale  reddish,  nervures  brown ;  anterior  and  middle  knees,  and 
anterior  tibiae  in  front,  pale  yellow;  anterior  tarsi  red;  abdomen  with 
cream-colored  bands,  interrupted  on  first  two  segments  (very  broadly  on 
second),  notched  or  slightly  interrupted  on  third,  entire  on  fourth;  all 
these  bands  excavated  sublaterally  behind. 

Male :  Described  by  Swenk  and  Cockerell  as  the  male  of  6".  Iicsperia, 
but  evidently  belonging  to  the  present  species.  5".  hesperia  Swenk  &  Ckll. 
must  be  restricted  to  the  form  described  from  the  female,  which  has  bright 
yellow  markings. 

The  female  resembles  S.  anstralior  Ckll.,  but  that  species 
lacks  the  dog-ear  marks  (at  each  side  of  supraclypeal  mark), 
and  has  the  postscutellum  black.  The  face-marks  of  female 
vS".  equina  resemble  those  of  the  much  larger  S.  sehrata  (Cress). 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—BEES  \^'J 

Type:     Female,  No.  1656,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  August  21,  1919,  at  Stockton,  California. 

The  above  species  of  Spinoliella  may  be  separated  by  the 
following  key : 

Lower  side  of  flagellum  with  end  broadly  black  or  very  dark,  abrupt- 
ly contrasting  with  the  creamy-white  before;  males 

scutellaris   (Fowler) 

Flagellum  not  thus  colored 1 

1.  Clypeus  entirely  pale  or  with  only  a  pair  of  black  dots;  males..         2 
Clypeus  not,  or  not  all,  pale  ;  females 4 

2.  Large  species,  fully  10  mm.  long;  face  light  yellow 

anthidius    ( Fowler) 

Much  smaller  species 3 

3.  Flagellum  dark  or  reddish  beneath edwardsii   (Cresson) 

Flagellum  pale  yellowish  beneath equina  Ckll. 

4.  No  pale  color  at  sides  of  clypeus,  which  has  only  a  median  pale 

stripe     5 

Sides  of  clypeus  with  large  pale  spots  or  all  pale 6 

5.  Larger,    wings    reddish,    scutellum    excavated    or    depressed    in 

middle    edwardsii  lateralis   (Cresson) 

Smaller,  wings  greyish,  scutellum  not  excavated  or  depressed  in 
middle    triangiiUfera  Ckll. 

6.  Lateral  face  marks  short,  or  reduced  to  dots. scutellaris  (Fowler) 
Lateral  face  marks  long,  reaching  to  level  of  antennae  above.... 

equina    Ckll. 


32.     Calliopsis  pugionis  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female :  Length  a  little  over  7.5  mm. ;  black,  with  the  anterior  and 
middle  knees  shining  yellow,  an  interrupted  yellow  band  on  upper  margin 
of  prothorax  (but  tubercles  black),  and  lemon-yellow  markings  on  face, 
as  follows:  triangular  supraclypeal  mark  (highly  polished  and  im- 
punctate),  lateral  corners  of  clypeus  broadly,  and  upper  and  lateral  mar- 
gins narrowly,  with  a  dagger-shaped  median  line  from  the  upper  margin, 
hardly  reaching  half  way  to  apex,  and  very  broad  lateral  face-marks, 
separated  from  clypeus  at  upper  part,  and  ending  acutely  on  orbital 
margin  above  level  of  antennae;  face  very  broad;  eyes  deep  green;  mandi- 
bles red  in  middle ;  flagellum  bright  ferruginous  beneath ;  hair  of  head 
and  thorax  largely  white,  but  dorsally  pale  fulvous,  short  on  thorax  above ; 
mesothorax  closely  punctured;  base  of  metathorax  highly  polished;  tegulae 
dark  brown ;  wings  brownish,  stigma  and  nervures  brown ;  abdomen  shin- 
ing, with  four  white  hair-bands,  that  on  first  segment  broadly  interrupted 
in  middle;  hind  margins  of  segments  rufescent;  ventral  segments  with 
transverse  depressions,  deep  on  second. 


jQg  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Nearest  to  E.  coloradensis  Cresson,  but  easily  separated  by 
the  color  of  the  face-marks. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1657,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  June  3,  1917,  at  Soboba  Springs,  River- 
side Co.,  California. 


33.     Panurginus  atriceps  (Cresson) 

Male:  Carmel,  Monterey  County,  California,  March  25 
(Van  Duzee).  Known  by  the  entirely  black  face  of  the  male, 
and  the  first  recurrent  nervure  meeting  first  intercubitus,  or 
even  falling  basad  of  it.  It  is  related  rather  to  P.  albopilosus 
(Lucas),  of  Spain  and  Algeria,  than  to  the  other  N.  American 
species. 

Females:    Portland,  Oregon,  July  3  (W.  M.  Giffard). 


34.     Hesperapis  pellucidus  Cockerell,  new  species 

Male :  Length  about  7  mm. ;  black,  with  abundant  pure  white  hair ; 
runs  in  my  table  and  Crawford's  to  H.  larrea  Ckll.,  which  it  very  closely 
resembles,  having  the  same  size  and  appearance,  clear  wings,  and  long 
white  hair  covering  clypeus.  It  differs  thus :  flagellum  black,  with  at  most 
a  very  obscure  reddish  tint  beneath ;  mesothorax  more  distinctly  punc- 
tured ;  extreme  base  of  metathoracic  area  dull  and  granular ;  first  recur- 
rent nervure  nearer  base  of  second  cubital  cell,  and  much  nearer  to  base 
than  second  to  apex ;  basal  nervure  not  so  remote  from  nervulus ;  hind 
margins  of  abdominal  segments  with  broad  dense  pure  white  bands  of 
tomentum.    The  insect  has  the  aspect  of  a  small  Colletes. 

Numerous  males  from  San  Francisco,  California,  April  20- 
June  6  (E.  P.  Van  Duzee  and  F.  E.  Blaisdell).  There  is  a 
rather  close  general  resemblance  to  H.  leucura  Ckll.,  from 
Lower  California. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1658,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  June  6,  1920,  at  San  Francisco,  California. 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—BEES  I99 

35.     Halictoides  davidsoni  Cockerell 

Many  males  from  Huntington  Lake,  Fresno  County,  Cali- 
fornia, 7000  ft.,  July  4  to  28  (E.  P.  Van  Duzee  and  F.  C. 
Clark),  and  one  from  Cascada,  Fresno  County,  6000  ft.,  July 
29  (Van  Duzee).  There  are  also  two  females  from  Hunting- 
ton Lake,  July  8  (Van  Duzee).  The  female  runs  in  my  table 
(Entom.  News,  1916,  p.  62)  to  the  same  place  as  H.  mulleri 
Ckll.,  but  is  readily  known  from  that  species  by  the  absence  of 
the  broad  bands  of  dull  white  tomentum  at  bases  of  abdominal 
segments,  though  there  is  a  very  slender  band  at  base  of  fourth 
segment,  only  visible  when  the  segment  is  much  exserted. 
Other  features  are  the  greenish,  highly  polished  and  strongly 
punctured  mesothorax,  the  long,  black  hair  on  clypeus,  and  the 
flagellum  only  very  obscurely  reddish  beneath. 

36.     Halictoides  (Cryptohalictoides)  spiniferus  (Viereck) 

Males  from  Huntington  Lake,  Fresno  County,  California, 
July  9  to  28  (E.  P.  Van  Duzee  and  F.  C.  Clark).  Described 
from  Nevada;  Miss  Stinchfield  (now  Mrs.  Ferris)  informed 
me  that  the  female  had  been  taken  at  Gem  Lake,  Calif. 

37.     Halictoides  virgatus  Cockerell 
Male:    Bradley,  California,  April  27  (Van  Duzee). 

38.     Halictoides  mulleri  Cockerell 

Male :  Pyramid  Park,  El  Dorado  County,  California,  8000 
ft.,  August  8  (Van  Dyke).  In  this  specimen  the  scape  is  un- 
usually stout. 

39.     Halictoides  holocyaneus  Cockerell,  new  species 

Male :  Length  about  9  mm. ;  head,  thorax  and  abdomen  steel  blue,  the 
region  below  the  ocelli  yellowish  green,  and  the  abdomen  greenish;  legs 
also  more  or  less  metallic;  hair  of  head  and  thorax  abundant,  dull  white, 
with  some  dark  hair  at  sides  of  face,  and  long  dense  pure  white  hair  on 
clypeus;  head  broad,  facial  quadrangle  broader  than  long;  mandibles 
ferruginous  at  apex;  lower  part  of  front  excavated  in  middle;  antennae 


200  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

very  long,  dark,  the  flagellar  joints  modose,  and  obscurely  reddish  beneath 
between  the  modes ;  mesothorax  shining,  finely  but  not  densely  punctured ; 
scutellum  highly  polished,  hardly  punctured  in  middle ;  base  of  meta- 
thorax  roughened ;  tegulae  piceous ;  wings  smoky  hyaline,  stigma  and 
nervures  reddish  brown,  the  color  dull ;  first  recurrent  nervure  as  far  from 
base  of  second  cubital  cell  as  second  from  apex ;  legs  with  dull  whitish 
hair,  not  greatly  modified ;  middle  femora  stout ;  hind  femora  very  stout, 
claviform ;  hind  trochanters  spined ;  hind  tibiae  very  robust ;  abdomen 
without  hair  bands,  but  with  thin  white  hair  on  first  three  segments,  and 
black  beyond;  fifth  ventral  segment  with  a  cuneiform  red  area  in  middle. 

Easily  known  by  the  blue  color  and  relatively  unmodified 
legs.  It  is  much  larger  than  A'',  viridcsccns  Crawford,  from 
California. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1659,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  July  8,  1922,  at  Baker,  Oregon.  Paratype, 
one  male,  same  data. 


40.     Halictoides  spilurus  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female :  Length  about  7  mm. ;  head  and  thorax  dark  green ;  clypeus, 
antennae  and  legs  black ;  abdomen  rufof ulvous,  the  first  segment  black 
except  apical  margin,  second  black  at  sides,  and  sufFusedly  blackened  in 
middle,  third  laterally  very  broadly  black,  but  both  second  and  third  have 
broad  depressed  hyaline  margins  beyond  the  black,  fourth  and  fifth  with 
narrower  black  bands  laterally,  the  black  in  all  cases  strongest  along  the 
hind  margins  of  the  elevated  part  of  the  segment,  giving  the  eflfect  of 
broad  oblique  stripes  or  bands ;  head,  thorax  and  legs  with  long  erect 
white  hair,  but  much  black  on  upper  part  of  clypeus  and  scape,  and  on 
thorax  above  the  hair  is  slightl}'  yellowish ;  the  hair  is  very  long  and 
spreading  on  hind  tibiae ;  head  transversely  oval,  facial  quadrangle  much 
broader  than  long ;  mandibles  obscurely  reddish  apically ;  clypeus  trans- 
verse, shining,  strongly  but  not  very  densely  punctured ;  front  and  vertex 
granular ;  mesothorax  shining,  with  close  small  punctures ;  scutellum 
polished,  not  so  distinctly  punctured;  area  of  metathorax  transversely 
broadly  and  deeply  hollowed,  channel-like,  finely  striate ;  tegulse  piceous, 
very  dark;  wings  greyish  hyaline,  stigma  and  nervures  dark  brown;  first 
recurrent  nervure  nearer  to  base  of  second  cubital  cell  than  second  to 
apex ;  legs  ordinary,  spurs  ferruginous ;  first  abdominal  segment  polished, 
with  very  weak  punctures;  rest  of  abdomen  shining,  but  less  brilliant; 
apical  tuft  red;  fourth  ventral  segment  with  a  broad  transverse  depression. 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—BEES  201 

Very  distinct  by  the  color  and  markings  of  the  abdomen. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1660,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  12,  1919,  at  Huntington  Lake, 
Fresno  Co.,  California,  at  7000  ft.  Paratypes,  two  females, 
same  place,  July  22,  1919. 

41.     Pseudomelecta  calif ornica   (Cresson) 
Oracle,  Arizona,  July  24  (J.  O.  Martin). 

42.     Ericrocis  arizonensis  Baker 

Oracle,  Arizona,  July  24,  1924,  at  sunflower  (Van  Duzee). 
Oracle  is  the  type  locality,  the  original  specimens  having  been 
collected  there  by  Osier. 

43.     Triepeolus  verbesinae  (Cockerell) 

Both  sexes:  Oracle,  Arizona,  July  24  (Van  Duzee).  One 
male  is  from  sunflower. 

44.     Triepeolus  pacis  Cockerell,  new  species 

Male:  Length  about  8.3  mm.;  black,  with  the  ornaments  of  head  and 
thorax  above  very  pale  ochreous,  of  pleura,  coxae  and  face  (which  is 
densely  covered  with  hair),  white;  scape  black,  very  obscurely  reddish  at 
apex ;  flagellum  bright  ferruginous  at  extreme  base  (with  a  black  mark 
on  inner  side),  otherwise  black;  eyes  dark  grey;  tegulae  bright  ferrugi- 
nous ;  wings  dusky  hyaline,  nervures  and  stigma  piceous ;  legs  bright 
ferruginous,  hind  tibise  suffused  with  dusky  on  outer  side,  but  there  cov- 
ered with  appressed  white  hair;  hair  on  inner  side  of  hind  basitarsi  light 
orange ;  hind  spurs  black  or  nearly  so ;  apical  plate  of  abdomen  dark 
brown,  long  and  nearly  parallel-sided.  Labrum  dusky  in  middle,  ferrugi- 
nous at  sides ;  mandibles  red  in  middle ;  mesothorax  with  a  pair  of  rather 
short  stripes,  reaching  anterior  margin,  but  not  connected  with  marginal 
band,  which  only  goes  to  anterior  corners;  scutellum  strongly  bigibbous ; 
axillae  prominent ;  upper  part  of  mesopleura  with  a  broad  transverse  band 
of  dense  white  hair,  below  this  the  surface  is  thinly  hairy,  the  very  dense 
punctures  with  shining  margins  visible ;  abdominal  bands  even  and  entire, 
except  that  the  light  hair  at  base  of  first  segment  is  interrupted ;  black 
area  on  first  segment  a  very  broad  band,  ending  very  obliquely  at  sides ; 
lateral  corners  of  black  on  second  segment  rounded,  not  sharply  acute; 
venter  with  much  pure  white  hair,  the  outstanding  fringe  pale  yellowish. 


202  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Related  to  T.  blaisdelli  Ckll.  &  Sandh.,  to  which  it  runs  in 
my  recent  table,  but  easily  separated  by  the  dark  scape  and 
flaggellum,  the  area  of  metathorax  bare  except  at  sides,  the 
larger  and  darker  stigma,  etc.  From  T.  mensce  Ckll.  it  is  easily 
known  by  the  color  of  flagellum,  etc.  The  transverse  band  on 
first  abdominal  segment  is  much  broader  than  in  T.  norco  Ckll. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1661,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
G.  F.  Ferris,  June  29,  1919,  at  La  Paz,  Lower  California. 

45.     Oreopasites  vanduzeei,  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female :  Length  a  little  over  5  mm.,  with  broad  convex  abdomen ;  head 
and  thorax  black,  with  white  hair,  shining  silvery  on  face,  sides  of 
thorax  and  metathorax,  thin  on  thorax  above,  not  hiding  surface ;  ab- 
domen entirely  clear  ferruginous,  with  thin  pure  white  hair-bands  more 
or  less  developed  at  sides  of  segments;  legs  ferruginous,  with  the  an- 
terior femora  darkened  above,  and  the  hind  spurs  dark ;  labrum,  mandi- 
bles and  lower  edge  of  clypeus  dusky  red,  the  labrum  elongated,  broadly 
rounded  at  end ;  antennae  ferruginous  beneath ;  tegulae  dusky  red ;  wings 
hyaline,  faintly  dusky.  I  have  not  ventured  to  extract  the  mouth  parts 
from  the  unique  specimen,  but  they  are  extruded,  and  the  labial  palpi 
measure  about  as  follows  in  microns:  first  joint  575,  second  350,  third 
and  fourth  each  50;  the  maxillary  palpi  clearly  show  five  joints.  I  can- 
not demonstrate  the  basal  tubercle-like  joint  which  should  be  present. 
The  marginal  cell  is  considerably  shorter  than  in  O.  scituli  Ckll.,  and  the 
mesothorax  is  strongly  and  densely  punctured.  The  basal  portions  of 
the  abdominal  tergites  are  finely  and  densely  punctured. 

The  only  species  previously  known,  0.  scituli^  was  found  to 
be  parasitic  on  Spinoliella  in  Colorado.  The  new  species  was 
taken  at  the  same  locality,  on  the  same  day,  as  a  quantity  of 
Spinoliella  equina,  and  with  little  doubt  is  parasitic  in  the  nests 
of  that  bee. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1662,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  August  21,  1919,  at  Stockton,  California. 

46.     Exomalopsis  pulchella  arida  Cockerell 

A  very  long  series,  including  both  sexes,  indicates  that  what 
1  recorded  as  E.  siniilis  is,  as  I  then  suspected,  only  a  variety 
of  pulchella.  Both  pulchella  and  siniilis  were  described  from 
Cuba,  and  presumably  represent  the  variation  of  the  species  in 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—BEES  203 

that  island.  The  form  from  Lower  California  appears  to  be 
a  distinct  race  for  which  the  above  name  is  available.  Most  of 
the  sj?€cimens  in  the  series  now  before  me  distinctly  belong  to 
arida  as  originally  defined,  but  some  have  the  hair  of  hind  tarsi 
pale  ferruginous,  lacking  the  blackish  or  grayish  color.  La 
Paz,  June  29  (Ferris), 

47.     Exomalopsis  (Anthophorula)  chionura  Cockerell, 

new  species 

Female  (type)  :  Similar  to  E.  chlorina  Ckll.  (from  New  Mexico),  but 
eyes  not  or  not  distinctly  green ;  stigma  dark  brown ;  mesothorax  polished, 
without  evident  punctures  (distinctly  punctured  in  chlorina)  ;  white  bands 
on  second  and  third  abdominal  segments  broader  laterally.  It  is  also  very 
close  to  E.  texana  Friese,  differing  by  the  dark  tegulae  (clear  red  in 
texana),  dark  stigma  (pale  amber  in  texana)  and  pure  white  (instead  of 
creamy)  hair  on  abdomen. 

Male :  Similar  in  most  respects,  but  with  narrower  face ;  the  clypcus 
(except  two  spots),  labrum  and  basal  part  of  mandibles  pale  yellow; 
flagellum  long,  dull  ferruginous  beneath.  Compared  with  the  male  of 
E.  coquilletti  (Ashmead),  it  is  readily  separated  by  the  shorter  flagellum, 
and  pure  white  hair  on  abdomen.    The  male  of  E.  chlorina  is  unknown. 

I  hesitated  whether  to  call  this  a  distinct  species,  or  a  race 
of  E.  chlorina,  but  it  seems  best  to  regard  it  as  a  species,  on 
account  of  the  difference  in  the  sculpture  of  the  mesothorax. 
Presumably  the  closely  related  species  of  this  group  have  dif- 
ferent flower-visiting  habits.  E.  chlorina  is  known  to  visit 
Sphacralcea  (Malvaceae). 

Type:  Female,  No.  1663,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  August  19,  1919,  at  Stockton,  California. 
Paratypes,  four  females,  one  male,  same  data. 

48.     Diadasia  nigrifrons  epileuca  Cockerell,  new  variety 

Female :  Length  about  8  mm.,  anterior  wing  7.5 ;  antennae  entirely 
black;  pale  hair  of  thorax  above  and  of  occiput,  clear  white,  not  ochreous ; 
light  hair  of  abdomen  confined  to  first  segment,  the  other  segments  with 
very  little  hair. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1664,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  25,  1918,  at  Sisson,  Siskiyou  Co., 
California. 


204  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

The  forms  assigned  to  D.  nigrifrons  are  not  all  alike,  the 
known  females  being  separable  thus : 

Flagellum  subtestaceous  beneath;  hair  of  thorax  above  and  occiput 
pale  ochreous ;  abdomen  with  pale  hair  only  on  first  segment 

nigifrons   ( Cr . )    proper. 

Antennse   entirely   black 1 

1.  Length  about  8  mm.;  hair  of  thorax  above  and  occiput  white; 

abdomen  with  pale  hair  only  on  first  segment 

var.   epilenca   Ckll. 

Length  10.5  mm. ;  hair  of  thorax  above,  and  occiput  ochreous ; 

abdomen  with  pale  hair  on  first  two  segments 

var.  nerea   (Fowler) 

Whether  these  differences   indicate  well-defined   races,  or 
merely  individual  variation,  is  not  at  present  known. 

49.     Diadasia  australis  (Cresson) 

One  male,  San  Antonio  District,  Lower  California,  July  12 
(Ferris). 

50.     Megachile  pugnata  pomonae  Cockerell 

Female:  Huntington  Lake,  Fresno,  California,  7000  ft., 
July  30  (VanDuzee). 

5L     Megachile  wootoni  calogaster  Cockerell 

Female:  Huntington  Lake,  Fresno  County,  California, 
7000  ft.,  July  16  (Van  Duzee). 

52.     Megachile  fidelis  Cresson 

Female:  Kings  River  Caiion,  Fresno  County,  California, 
July  6  (Van  Dyke). 

53.     Megachile  perihirta  Cockerell 

Ryer  Island,  Solano  County,  California,  June  16  (F.  H. 
Wymore).  Three  females  reared  from  the  nest,  sent  by  Prof. 
E.  O.  Essig.    The  female  of  this  species  was  described  as  M. 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—BEES  205 

grindeliarum  Ckll.  Compared  with  Colorado  specimens,  the 
Californian  bees  differ  a  Httle  in  being  distinctly  less  shining 
(especially  on  the  abdomen)  and  by  having  the  eyes  (in  dry 
condition)  dark  brown. 

54.     Megachile  vandykei  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female:  Length  13  mm.,  width  of  abdomen  5  mm.;  entirely  black, 
with  entirely  black  coarse  pubescence,  very  abundant  on  face  and  thorax 
above,  thin  on  upper  side  of  abdomen,  which  is  of  the  short  broad  type; 
mandibles  broad,  quadridentate ;  clypeus  transverse,  convex,  extremely 
densely  rugosopuncjate,  with  a  polished  shining  spot  at  middle  of  upper 
edge,  and  a  median  band  in  which  the  surface  is  shining  between  the 
punctures,  lower  margin  thickened,  slightly  emarginate  in  middle ;  cheeks 
broad  and  rounded ;  mesothorax  with  disc  polished,  with  scattered  rather 
small  punctures;  scutellum  closely  and  finely  punctured;  area  of  meta- 
thorax  short,  dull,  the  metathorax  beyond  somewhat  shining;  tegulae 
black,  finely  punctured ;  wings  dilute  brownish,  nervures  piceous ;  basal 
nervure  meeting  nervulus ;  hind  basitarsi  broad ;  abdomen  shining,  with 
scattered  very  fine  punctures ;  ventral  scopa  entirely  black. 

Resembles  M.  morio  Smith,  but  smaller.  I  have  seen  the 
type  of  M.  morio  in  the  British  Museum ;  it  is  said  to  be  from 
the  "United  States,"  but  presumably  came  from  Florida.  There 
is  a  series  of  superficially  similar  black  Megachile  species  in 
Peru.    This  is  another  melanic  bee  from  Meadow  Valley ! 

Type:  Female,  No.  1665,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  June  21,  1924,  at  Meadow  Valley,  Plumas 
Co.,  California,  5000-6000  ft. 

Chelostomopsis  Cockerell,  new  genus 

Small  bees  allied  to  Chelostoma,  but  labial  palpi  four  jointed,  with 
two  outstanding  small  joints;  maxillary  palpi  three-jointed;  lower  margin 
of  clypeus  v/ith  a  long  median  process,  obtuse  or  truncate  at  end,  parallel- 
sided ;  basin  of  first  abdominal  segment  rather  small,  with  a  distinct  rim; 
first  recurrent  nervure  joining  second  cubital  cell  some  distance  beyond 
base.     Type  Chelostomopsis  rubifloris  (Chelynia  rubifloris  Cockerell). 

True  Chelostoma  has  only  one  outstanding  small  joint  to 
labial  palpi.  This  is  also  true  of  the  subgenus  Gyrodroma 
Thomson,  type  nigriconiis  Nylander.  I  designate  nigricornis 
as  the  type  of  Gyrodroma.  because  of  the  confusion  concerning 


206  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Thomson's  other  species,  which  he  called  florisomnis,  whereas 
it  was  really  campanularum. 

Formicapis  of  Sladen  has  a  process  on  clypeus,  but  it  is 
broad-conical,  and  the  position  of  the  first  recurrent  nervure  is 
quite  different.  The  marginal  cell  of  Formicapis  is  more  nar- 
rowed apically. 

In  addition  to  the  type  species,  the  new  genus  includes 
Chelostomopsis  australis  (Chclostoma  australis  Cockerell). 
Only  the  female  is  known. 


55.     Chelostomopsis  rubifloris  edwardsii  (Cockerell) 

Female:     Yorkville,  Mendocino  County,  California,  May  1 
(Van  Duzee).    Typical  C.  rubifloris  is  from  Seattle. 


56.     Chelostomopsis  australis  nanus  Cockerell,  new  subspecies 

Female:  Length  6.5-7  mm.  (typical  australis  about  9  mm.);  wings 
distinctly  dusky;  area  of  metathorax  polished  and  shining;  red  on  second 
abdominal  segment  greatly  reduced  or  wanting. 

The  type  of  C.  australis  was  from  near  Los  Angeles;  the 
present  form  seems  to  be  only  a  subspecies.  The  first  recurrent 
nervure  is  much  more  remote  from  the  base  of  second  cubital 
cell  than  the  second  from  apex  of  that  cell.  This  is  not  the 
case  with  Cephalapis  jacintana,  which  might  perhaps  be  con- 
fused with  it  on  account  of  the  red  at  sides  of  base  of  abdomen. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1666,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  F.  C.  Clark,  August,  1913,  in  Bear  Valley,  San  Bernardino 
Co.,  California.    Paratype,  one  female,  same  data. 


57.  Cephalapis  jacintana  (Cockerell) 
Male:    Bryson,  California,  May  18  (E.  P.  Van  Duzee). 

58.  Ashmeadiella  howardi  Cockerell 

Male:    Bryson,  Monterey  County,  California,  May  18  (Van 
Duzee). 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—BEES  2ff7 

59.     Ashmeadiella  crassa  Cockerell 

Female:  Mokelumne  Hill,  California,  September  6  (Blais- 
dell).  This  is  a  larger,  robust  form,  which  may  prove  separ- 
able when  the  male  is  known.  I  have  found  quite  parallel 
supposed  variation  in  A.  meliloti  Ckll.,  but  here  also  I  am  not 
without  misgivings  concerning  the  specific  identity  of  the  large 
and  small  forms. 

60.     Chelynia  rubi  (Cockerell) 

Melanostelis  betheli  Ashmead  is  a  synonym;  Melanostelis 
may  be  regarded  as  a  subgenus.  Both  sexes  from  Fallen  Leaf 
Lake,  California,  June  26-July  26  (Van  Dyke)  ;  Yosemite 
Valley,  California,  male  May  15,  female  June  23  (Van  Dyke)  ; 
female,  Meadow  Valley,  Plumas  County,  3500-4000  ft.,  June  1 
(Van  Dyke).  The  original  type  female,  from  Seattle,  has  the 
light  bands  on  first  two  abdominal  segments  very  narrowly  in- 
terrupted; they  are  not  at  all  interrupted  in  the  Californian 
specimens. 

The  male  is  only  6  to  7  mm.  long,  and  has  pure  white  hair 
on  face,  and  much  white  hair  on  thorax;  hair  of  pleura  clear 
white. 

6L     Chelynia  franciscana  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female :  Length  about  8  mm. ;  head  and  thorax  green,  abdomen  blue- 
green,  almost  a  peacock  blue,  the  hind  margins  of  the  segments  not  purple; 
pubescence  black;  scape  metallic;  flagellum  black,  very  faintly  reddish 
beneath ;  mesothorax  yellowish-green,  shining,  with  coarse  punctures ; 
pleura  blue-green,  densely  punctured;  base  of  metathorax  rugose;  tegulse 
green ;  wings  strongly  dusky ;  legs  blue-green ;  middle  tibiae  bidentate  at 
end;  abdomen  polished,  brilliant,  the  depressed  hind  margins  of  the  seg- 
ments much  more  finely  and  closely  punctured  than  the  part  before ;  apical 
tergite  not  modified. 

Allied  to  C.  pavonina  Ckll.,  but  readily  separated  by  the 
polished  abdomen,  with  the  hind  margins  of  the  segments  not 
purple. 


208  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Type:     Female,  No.  1667,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  June  6,  1920,  at  San  Francisco,  California. 


62.     Chelynia  chlorocyanea  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female :  Length  about  8  mm. ;  with  deep  rich  peacock  blues  and  greens, 
the  head  deep  blue,  becoming  green  between  antennae,  mesothorax  and 
scutellum  blue  suffused  with  green,  pleura  dark  purple-blue,  abdomen  with 
first  segment  steel  blue,  the  others  green  with  hind  margins  of  segments 
purple-blue,  becoming  black  at  edge;  pubescence  black,  dense  on  face; 
scape  dark  blue ;  flagellum  brownish  beneath ;  mesothorax  coarsely  and 
closely  punctured,  the  anterior  middle  prominent  and  shining ;  scutellum 
closely  punctured ;  tegulae  blue,  closely  punctured ;  wings  dusky ;  legs 
purple-blue ;  abdomen  shining,  but  closely  punctured,  so  that  the  whole 
surface  appears  roughened;  in  lateral  view  the  hind  margins  of  the  ventral 
segments  appear  pale ;  last  tergite  not  modified. 

Close  to  C.  pavonina  Ckll.,  and  perhaps  only  a  variety  or 
race,  distinguished  by  the  color  of  the  thorax.  C.  pavonina 
occurs  in  Colorado. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1668,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  F.  E.  Blaisdell,  in  April,  at  Mokelumne  Hill,  California. 


63.     Chelynia  leucctricha  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female  (type)  :  Length  7.5  to  9  mm.;  head,  thorax,  abdomen  and  legs 
brilliant  blue,  suffused  with  greenish  on  clypeus,  middle  of  front,  and 
mesothorax ;  hair  of  head  and  thorax  clear  white,  with  black  hairs 
sparsely  intermixed,  the  white  hair  of  face  conspicuous;  clypeus  dull; 
scape  blue,  flagellum  very  obscurely  brownish  beneath ;  mesothorax  with 
very  large  punctures,  but  shining  between  the  punctures,  which  are  not 
very  dense  on  disc;  scutellum  shining,  with  large  punctures;  tegulse  blue- 
green  ;  wings  dilute  fuliginous ;  abdomen  shining  but  roughened,  the  hind 
margin  of  the  first  segment  brilliant  purple,  of  the  others  decreasingly 
purplish ;  hind  margins  of  ventral  segments  appearing  white  in  lateral 
view. 

Male:     Length  7  mm.;  differing  in  the  usual  sexual  characters. 

Both  sexes.  Bear  Valley,  San  Bernardino  Mts.,  California, 
August  1913  (F.  C.  Clark).  Huntington  Lake,  California 
(type  locality),  female,  July  4,  1919,  7000  ft.  (E.  P.  Van 
Duzee) ;  Fallen  Leaf  Lake,  July  14,  1915  (Van  Dyke). 


V^OL.  XIV]  COCKERELL—BEES  209 

Related  to  C.  pavonina,  but  easily  known  by  the  white  hair 
on  face. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1669,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  4,  1919,  at  Huntington  Lake,  Fresno 
Co.,  California. 


64.     Chelynia  fragariella  Cockerell,  new  species 

Male :  Length  about  6  mm. ;  not  very  robust,  dark  blue,  the  metathorax 
and  region  of  ocelli  greenish ;  abdominal  markings  cream  color,  consisting 
of  bands  across  the  first  three  segments,  and  a  pair  of  short  stripes  on 
fourth ;  band  on  third  segment  narrowly  interrupted,  that  on  second  con- 
stricted, all  three  bands  shallowly  emarginate  sublaterally  behind ;  head 
and  thorax  with  outstanding  white  hair;  scape  slightly  metallic,  flagellum 
dark;  mesothorax  densely  punctured;  area  of  metathorax  shining;  tegulae 
dark  reddish,  narrowly  metallic  in  front ;  wings  brownish  hyaline ;  basal 
nervure  going  basad  of  nervulus ;  small  joints  of  tarsi  somewhat  reddish; 
abdomen  shining. 

Related  to  C.  elegans  (Cresson),  but  much  smaller,  and  dif- 
ferently colored. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1670,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  August  5,  1912,  at  Strawberry  Valley,  El 
Dorado  Co.,  California. 


65.     Chelynia  holocyanea  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female :  Length  slightly  over  6  mm. ;  bright  steel  blue  throughout,  shin- 
ing; first  three  abdominal  segments  with  narrow  widely  interrupted  dull 
white  bands,  the  third  reduced  to  a  pair  of  short  transverse  stripes,  at 
least  as  far  apart  as  the  length  of  either;  hair  of  head  and  thorax  thin, 
mixed  black  and  white;  middle  of  face  greenish;  clypeus  densely  punc- 
tured ;  flagellum  obscure  brown  beneath ;  mesothorax  polished,  with  well 
separated  punctures;  area  of  metathorax  shining;  tegulae  blue,  with  a 
dark  red  spot  behind ;  wings  dilute  fuliginous ;  abdomen  shining ;  apex 
with  black  hair. 

Related  to  C.  subcceriilea  (Cresson),  but  much  smaller,  and 
with  fewer  markings  on  abdomen.  It  is  also  much  more 
brightly  colored. 


21Q  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1671,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  F.  E.  Blaisdell,  July  12,  1919,  at  Huntington  Lake,  Fresno 
Co.,  California,  at  7000  ft. 


66.     Chelynia  nitidula  Cockerell,  new  species 

Male :  Length  about  6.5  mm. ;  rich  deep  blue,  with  cream-colored  bands 
on  first  four  abdominal  segments,  and  a  pair  of  transverse  marks  close 
together  on  fifth ;  the  band  on  first  segment  is  constricted  in  middle,  the 
others  narrowly  interrupted,  and  all  are  very  shallowly  excavated  poster- 
iorly on  each  side;  hair  of  head  and  thorax  white,  mixed  with  black,  en- 
tirely black  on  mesopleura;  flagellum  black;  disc  of  mesothorax  shining, 
with  well  separated  punctures;  area  of  metathorax  shining;  tegulse  very 
dark,  submetallic ;  wings  dilute  fuliginous ;  abdomen  shining.  There  is 
long  black  hair  on  the  scutellum. 

Related  to  C.  subccentlca  (Cress.)  and  C.  pulchra  (Craw- 
ford). From  the  former  it  is  separated  by  the  small  size  and 
large  amount  of  white  hair  on  thorax  above,  as  well  as  the  rich 
blue  color.  It  is  much  smaller  than  C.  pulchra,  which  occurs 
in  the  Rocky  Mountain  Region. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1672,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  May  19,  1920,  at  Bryson,  Monterey  Co., 
California. 


67.     Chelynia  subglauca  Cockerell,  new  species 

Male:  Length  about  6  mm.;  similar  to  C.  nitidula,  but  differing  thus: 
head  and  pleura  very  dark  blue,  thorax  above  very  dark  green,  abdomen 
almost  black,  but  with  a  bluish  tint,  the  second  band  not  interrupted ;  hair 
of  face,  cheeks  and  pleura  black,  but  of  mesothorax  entirely  white;  mar- 
ginal cell  broader  in  proportion  to  its  length. 

Probably  a  melanic  race  of  C.  nitidula,  and  also  very  close 
to  C.  suhccenilca. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1673,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  July  25,  1920,  at  Paradise  Valley,  Mt.  Rainier, 
Washington. 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—BEES  21 1 

The  above  species  of  Chelynia  may  be  separated  thus  : 

Black,  with  white  bands  on  abdomen rubi  Ckll. 

Blue    or    green 1 

1.  Abdomen  without  tegumentary  bands 2 

Abdomen  with  whitish  tegumentary  bands 4 

2.  Hair  of    face  light;    end   of   abdomen   obtuse    (males)    or  acute 

(females) leucotricha    Ckll. 

Hair  of  face  entirely  black ;  females 3 

3.  Abdomen  more  shining;  head  and  thorax  green. franciscana  Ckll. 
Abdomen  less  shining,  more  punctured;  head  purple  blue 

chlorocyanea    Ckll. 

4.  Mesothorax  densely  punctured;  hair  of  pleura  pure  white 

fragariella    Ckll. 

Mesothorax  shining,  not  densely  punctured  on  disc 5 

5.  Hair  of  mesopleura  white;  white  marks  only  on  first  three  ab- 

dominal  segments  ;    female holocyanea   Qcll. 

Hair  of  mesopleura  black  or  dark  grey;  white  marks  or  bands 
on  five  segments  ;  males 6 

6.  Mesothorax  bright  steel  blue nitidula  Ckll. 

Mesothorax  dark  green subglauca   Ckll. 

Subsequent  work  may  show  that  some  of  these  represent 
varieties  or  races  rather  than  species,  but  at  present  no  inter- 
mediates are  known. 


68.     Stelis  laticincta  Cresson 

Cascada,  Fresno  County,  California,  6000  ft.,  July  29,  1 
male,  1  female  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Cazadero,  September  2,  male 
(Van  Duzee);  Stockton,  August  21,  male  (Van  Duzee). 
Cresson  described  the  female;  I  described  the  male  in  1904. 
The  species  is  very  variable  in  the  male,  in  the  width  of  the 
bands  along  anterior  orbits,  the  amount  of  yellow  on  the 
pleura,  and  the  presence  or  absence  of  yellow  on  the  sixth  ab- 
dominal tergite.  It  seems  probable  that  there  are  two  or  three 
separable  races,  but  more  material  is  needed  to  demonstrate 
this. 

Mr.  W.  M.  Giffard  collected  in  Santa  Clara  County,  Cali- 
fornia, July  16,  a  female  S.  laticincta  agreeing  with  Cresson's 
description  in  having  the  clypeus  black  with  a  yellow  spot  on 


212  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

each  side.  A  female  from  Cazadero,  California,  has  the  clypeus 
yellow  with  the  upper  margin  broadly  black. 

69.     Stelis  sexmaculata  Ashmead 

Male:  Blue  Lakes,  Lake  County,  California,  May  16  (Van 
Duzee).  The  specimen  has  eight  spots  on  the  abdomen,  as  is 
frequently  the  case. 

70.  Stelis  carnifex  Cockerell 

Female:  S.  Sonoma  County,  California,  June  26  (Kusche)  ; 
compared  with  the  cotype  from  Nevada,  the  face  is  wider  and 
the  head  more  densely  punctured. 

Male :  Phillips  Station,  Placer  County,  California,  July  24 
(Blaisdell). 

This  species,  as  now  understood,  appears  to  be  very  variable. 
Additional  material  may  show  that  it  should  be  divided. 

71.  Stelis  montana  Cresson 

Both  sexes,  Oregon,  the  male  Warner  Mts.,  Lake  County, 
June  19  (Van  Dyke)  ;  the  female  Wallowa  Mts., Baker  County, 
July  6  (Van  Dyke)  ;  female,  Park  City,  Utah,  July  3  (Van 
Duzee). 

72.     Stelis  callura  Cockerell,  new  species 

Male :  Length  9  mm. ;  very  robust,  dark  rich  purple,  including  legs, 
greenish  in  middle  of  face,  particularly  supraclypeal  area,  flushed  with 
greenish  on  mesothorax  and  scutellum,  middle  of  postscutellum  entirely 
green;  pubescence  entirely  black;  facial  quadrangle  much  longer  than 
broad,  clypeus  excessively  densely  punctured;  scape  green,  flagellum  black; 
mesothorax  densely  punctured,  but  shining  between  the  punctures  on  disc ; 
tegulge  largely  metallic,  strongly  punctured ;  wings  hyaline,  more  or  less 
stained  with  brown  along  the  veins,  which  are  black;  second  recurrent 
going  well  beyond  end  of  second  cubital  cell ;  abdomen  with  very  rich 
purple  (rosy-purple)  suflfusion. 

Related  to  ^.  carnifex  Ckll.,  but  much  larger  than  the  male 
of  that  species,  and  with  paler  wings. 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—BEES  213 

Type:  Male,  No.  1674,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  June  24,  1922,  in  Parley  Canon,  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah. 


73.     Stelis  fremonti  Cockerell,  new  species 

Females:  Length  fully  10  mm.;  similar  to  S.  montana,  but  larger  and 
more  robust;  mesothorax  dull  and  more  densely  punctured;  first  recur- 
rent nervure  joining  second  cubital  cell  at  a  distance  fully  equal  to  half 
length  of  intercubitus ;  face  strongly  suffused  with  purple;  abdomen  rich 
deep  indigo  blue,  very  densely  punctured. 

Perhaps  a  race  of  5.  montana,  but  apparently  distinct. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1675,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  June  18,  1922,  in  Fremont  National  Forest, 
Klamath  Co.,  Oregon,  at  5000  ft. 

The  above  species  of  Stelis  may  be  separated  thus : 

Blue  or  green,  with  no  marks  on  abdomen,  and  with  black  hair  on 

face   1 

Without  metallic   colors 6 

1.  Small,  about  7  mm.  long ;  males 2 

Larger,  9  mm.  or  over 3 

2.  Abdomen  shining,  not  very  densely  punctured;  mesothorax  olive 

green   montana  Cresson 

Abdomen  very  densely  punctured;  mesothorax  h\\ic.carnifex  Ckll. 

3.  Abdomen  shining  green ;  females montana  Cresson 

Abdomen  blue  or  purple,  less  shining 4 

4.  Abdomen  deep  purple ;  wings  nearly  clear callura  Ckll. 

Abdomen  rich  blue ;  wings  dilute  fuliginous 5 

5.  Larger ;  mesothorax  dull  and  more  densely  punctured 

fremonti    Ckll. 

Smaller ;  mesothorax  less  densely  punctured ;  female 

carnifex    Ckll. 

6.  Abdomen  black,   with  greenish-white  lateral  spots 

sexmaculata    Ashm. 

Abdomen  with  entire  deep  yellow  bands laticincta  Cress. 

Ail  except  the  two  last  belong  to  the  subgenus  Pavostelis 
Sladen. 


214  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

74.     Xylocopa  varipuncta  Patton 

Both  sexes;  Soboba  Springs,  Riverside  County,  June  3 
(Van  Duzee). 

75.     Xylocopa  orpifex  Smith 

Mt.  St.  Helena,  Napa  County,  CaHfornia,  June  9  (Van 
Duzee)  ;  S.  Sonoma  County.,  male  April  6,  female  July  10 
(J.  A.  Kusche)  ;  Yosemite  Valley,  June  (Van  Dyke)  ;  Laurel 
Dell,  Lake  County,  August  2  (Van  Duzee). 

76.     Xylocopa  virginica  (Drury) 
Plummers  L,  Md.,  May  25  (Blaisdell). 

77.  Xylocopa  californica  Cresson 

Yosemite  Valley,  June  10  (Van  Dyke)  ;  Carrville,  Trinity 
County,  California,  June  29  (Van  Dyke). 

78.  Xylocopa  arizonensis  Cresson 
Fort  Bliss,  Texas,  May  1  (J.  L  Carlson). 

79.     Bombus  sonorus  Say 

One  from  La  Paz,  June  29  (Ferris).  Also  taken  by  the 
Academy  Expedition  at  La  Paz,  June  28;  Tiburon  Island, 
(Academy  Expedition),  July  4  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Sierra  Laguna, 
5400  feet,  August  15. 

80.     Ceratina  tejonensis  Cresson 

Male :  Yorkville,  Mendocino  County,  California,  May 
1  (Van  Duzee).  The  apex  of  the  abdomen  presents  an  obtuse 
median   projection,   after  the   style  of  the   much   smaller   C. 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—BEES  215 

nanula  Ckll.,  whereas  according  to  H.  S.  Smith's  key  it  should 
be  more  after  the  style  of  C.  dupla  Say.  However,  the  speci- 
men agrees  with  Cresson's  description,  and  I  think  it  is  refer- 
able to  his  species. 

Female:  Shasta  County,  Calif.,  June  26  (J.  A.  Kusche). 
Known  from  C.  paciiica  H.  S.  Smith  by  the  entirely  green 
tubercles  and  absence  of  a  large  impunctate  area  on  pleura. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF    THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 
Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  12,  pp.  217-275,  text  figs.  1-2,  plates  15-19,    September  5.  1925 


XII 

EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND,  MEXICO, 

IN  1922 

GENERAL  REPORT 

BY 

G.  DALLAS  HANNA 
Cifrafor,  Department  of  Paleontology 

Introduction 

At  the  Berkeley  meeting  of  the  Pacific  Division  of  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  in  1921 
there  was  appointed  a  "Committee  on  the  Conservation  of 
Marine  Life  of  the  Pacific,"  Dr.  Barton  Warren  Evermann, 
Chairman.^     The  first  task  which  the  Committee  undertook 


'  The    full   membership   of   the   committee   was   as    follows   when   the   expedition    was 
organized: 


Dr.  Barton  Warren  Evermann,  Chair- 
man, California  Academy  of  Sciences, 
San   Francisco,    Calif. 

Dr.  G.  Dallas  Hanna,  Secretary,  Cali- 
fornia Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Calif. 

W.  E.  Allen,  Scripps  Institution  for 
Biological  Research,   La  Jolla,  Calif. 

A.  W.  Anthony,  Museum,  San  Diego  So- 
ciety of  Natural  History,  San  Diego, 
Calif. 

Professor  Wm.  A.  Bryan,  Museum  of 
History,  Science  and  Art,  Los  Angeles, 
Calif. 

Dr.  Harold  C.  Bryant,  Museum  of  Ver- 
tebrate Zoology,  Berkeley,   Calif. 

Professor  John  N.  Cobb,  College  of  Fish- 
eries, University  of  Washington,  Seat- 
tle, Wash. 

Capt.  W.  C.  Crandall,  Scripps  Institu- 
tion for  Biological  Research,  La  Jolla, 
Calif. 


Dr.  C.  McLean  Eraser,  University  of 
British  Columbia,  Vancouver,  B.  C. 

Dr.  Harold  Heath,  Stanford  University, 
Calif. 

Dr  Wm.  E.  Hitter,  Scripps  Institution 
for  Biological   Research,   La  Jolla,  Calif. 

Norman  B.  Scofield,  California  Fish  and 
Game  Commission,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 

Alvin  Seale,  Steinhart  Aquarium  of  the 
California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San 
Francisco,   Calif. 

Professor  Edwin  C.  Starks,  Stanford 
University,  Calif. 

Dr.  F.  B.  Sumner,  Scripps  Institution 
for  Biological  Research,  La  Jolla,  Calif. 

Dr.  Walter  P.  Taylor,  IJ.  S.  Bureau  of 
Biological  Survey,  care  Scripps  Institu- 
tion for  Biological  Research,  La  Jolla, 
Calif. 

Will  F.  Thompson,  California  Fish  and 
Game  Commission,   San  Pedro,  Calif. 

September  5,    1925 


2jg  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

was  the  making  of  recommendations  to  the  proper  authorities 
for  the  conservation  of  certain  of  the  marine  mammals  of  that 
ocean.  In  the  case  of  a  few  species,  such  as  the  Alaska  fur 
seal,  there  existed  sufficient  authoritative  information  in  gov- 
ernmental reports  to  enable  the  advocation  of  certain  measures 
which,  it  was  believed,  would  aid  materially  in  bringing  them 
back  to  their  former  abundance  and  commercial  importance. 

But  with  other  species  practically  nothing  was  known  of 
their  present  status  or  condition ;  indeed,  the  very  existence  of 
some  of  them  was  in  doubt.  The  Committee  at  once  proceeded 
to  devise  means  whereby  this  deficiency  could  be  filled  in  order 
that  definite  facts  might  be  available  for  it  to  use  in  urging 
measures  of  protection.  This  absence  of  late  information  was 
notably  true  in  respect  to  the  Guadalupe  elephant  seal,  Guada- 
lupe fur  seal  and  southern  sea  otter,  all  of  which  once  existed 
in  great  abundance  along  the  shores  of  California  and  Lower 
California.  The  latest  data  in  respect  to  them  had  been  secured 
many  years  ago  and  was  not  sufficiently  recent,  it  appeared, 
to  warrant  an  active  campaign  for  the  preservation  of  the 
species. 

Therefore,  through  the  activities  of  the  Committee,  an  expe- 
dition was  dispatched  from  San  Diego,  California,  on  July  9, 
1922,  to  the  islands  off  the  west  coast  of  Lower  California 
for  the  primary  purpose  of  securing  information  in  regard  to 
the  three  above-mentioned  species  of  sea  mammals.  The  fol- 
lowing institutions  actively  cooperated  in  the  enterprise : 

National  Government  of  Mexico, 
California  Academy  of   Sciences, 
San  Diego  Society  of  Natural  History, 
Scripps  Institution  for  Biological  Research, 
National  Geographic  Society. 

The  Government  of  Mexico  provided  the  Fisheries  Patrol 
Boat  Tccate  for  the  work  and  met  all  expenses  while  the  party 
was  in  the  field ;  and  that  country  was  represented  by  the  fol- 
lowing official  personnel :  Professor  Carlos  Cuesta-Terron, 
Curator  of  Fishes  and  Reptiles  of  the  National  Museum  of 
Mexico,  in  charge  of  the  expedition ;  Professor  Jose  M.  Gal- 
legos.    Explorer    of   the    National    Museum    of    Mexico;    Sr. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANN A— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  219 

Joaquin  Palacios,  Inspector  of  Lighthouses ;  Sr.  Rudolpho 
Lascano,  Assistant  Inspector  of  Lighthouses ;  Sr.  Enrique 
Gonzales.  Insi)ector  of  Fisheries ;  and  Sr.  Luis  Rubio,  Taxi- 
dermist. 

The  Committee  was  represented  by  the  writer  (Secretary) 
and  Mr.  A.  W.  Anthony.  They  also  represented  the  California 
Academy  of  Sciences  and  the  San  Diego  Society  of  Natural 
History,  respectively,  and  were  placed  in  charge  of  the  scien- 
tific work  of  the  expedition.  Advantage  was  taken  of  this 
exceptional  opportunity  to  secure  scientific  data  in  other 
branches  of  natural  history  in  this  little  know'n  and  seldom 
visited  region.  Mr.  Joseph  R.  Slevin,  Assistant  Curator,  De- 
partment of  Herpetology,  and  Mr.  Frank  Tose,  Chief  Taxi- 
dermist, accompanied  the  expedition  from  the  California  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences.  Mr.  Ernest  Hinkley  went  from  the  San 
Diego  Society  of  Natural  History.  The  Scripps  Institution  for 
Biological  Research,  being  actively  engaged  in  oceanographic 
studies  of  broad  scope,  sent  Mr.  P.  S.  Barnhart  for  the  sys- 
tematic collection  of  water  and  plankton  samples  and  ocean 
temperatures. 

The  motor  ship  Tecate  was  admirably  suited  to  the  work  in 
hand  and  the  success  of  the  expedition  was  in  no  small  measure 
due  to  the  constant  interest  of  Captain  Victor  Angxilo  and  his 
w^ll  trained  crew.  Everything  possible  was  done  to  aid  the 
observers  and  collectors  during  the  five  weeks  in  the  field.  (See 
pi.  15,  fig.  1.) 

The  expedition  returned  to  San  Diego  on  August  16  after 
having  visited  the  following  desert  islands :  Guadalupe,  San 
Martin,  Cedros,  the  three  San  Benitos,  Natividad,  San  Roque, 
Asuncion,  Magdalena,  and  Santa  Margarita.  Landings  were 
also  made  at  Ensenada,  San  Quintin  Bay,  San  Bartolome  Bay 
and  Abreojos  Point  on  the  Peninsula  of  Lower  California. 
Besides  making  observations  and  extensive  collections  of  nat- 
ural history  specimens  at  all  of  these  places,  the  coast  line  was 
studied  at  close  range  for  considerable  distances  from  the  vesel, 
particularly  around  the  long  bight  known  as  San  Cristobal 
Bay  where  elephant  seals  are  known  to  have  once  hauled  out 
on  the  sands  in  aJjundance.   Also  a  large  number  of  samples  of 

September  5,    1925 


220  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

animal  and  plant  life  of  the  open  ocean  (plankton)  and  tem- 
perature records  were  systematically  collected. 

Specimens  were  obtained  in  the  various  groups  in  approxi- 
mately the  following  numbers:  birds  and  mammals,  300;  rep- 
tiles and  amphibians,  1000;  insects,  1100;  land  shells,  2000; 
marine  fossils,  many;  and  miscellaneous  fishes,  invertebrates, 
and  plants.  These  have  all  been  submitted  to  specialists  and 
the  technical  reports  upon  them  will  be  published  in  due  time. 
It  is  already  known  that  numerous  strange  and  rare  forms 
of  animal  life  are  represented  in  the  collections,  many  of  them 
being  entirely  new  to  science.  Readers  interested  in  the  sub- 
jects are  referred  to  these  final  reports  for  complete  and  techni- 
cal information.  In  the  following  pages  an  attempt  has  been 
made  to  give  the  most  interesting  features  of  these  desert  isles 
and  the  general  results  of  our  search  for  the  fur  seals,  elephant 
seals  and  sea  otters. 

Organization 

The  organization  of  the  expedition  w^as  largely  the  result  of 
the  activities  of  Dr.  Barton  Warren  Evermann  and  Mr.  A.  W. 
Anthony,  Directors  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences 
and  the  San  Diego  Society  of  Natural  History,  respectively. 
Through  them  the  cooperation  of  the  National  Government 
of  Mexico  was  obtained  and  the  success  of  the  undertaking 
was  assured.  It  was  understood  informally  that  Sr.  Ing. 
Ignacio  Romero,  Agente  General  de  la  Secretaria  de  Agricul- 
tura  y  Fomento,  Tijuana,  B.  C.,  was  an  enthusiastic  supporter 
of  the  enterprise  from  the  start  and  aided  in  many  ways  in 
arranging  the  details  necessary  for  the  despatch  of  the  Tecate 
and  party. 

The  following  general  memorandum  was  prepared  before 
departure  of  the  expedition  and  was  distributed  for  guidance 
in  the  work  proposed. 

"1.  Designation. — The  expedition  will  be  known  as  the  Expedition  of 
the  Committee  on  Conservation  of  Marine  Life  of  the  Pacific  of  the 
Pacific  Division  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science  functioning  under  authority  of  the  Committee  on  Pacific  Investi- 
gations of  the  Division  of  Foreign  Relations  of  the  National  Research 


Vol.  XIVJ  HANN A— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  221 

Council,  and  conducted  under  the  patronage  of  the  Mexican  Government, 
the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  the  Scripps  Institution  for  Biological 
Research,  the  Sau  Diego  Society  of  Natural  History,  and  the  National 
Geographic  Society. 

2.  Personnel. — The  expedition  will  be  made  on  the  Fisheries  Patrol 
Vessel  Tccatc  which  the  Alexican  government  has  generously  detailed  for 
the  purpose,  and  will  be  under  the  general  direction  and  supervision  of 
Sefior  Carlos  Cuesta-Terron  of  the  National  Museum  of  Mexico,  who 
will  have  associated  with  him  a  number  of  scientific  gentlemen  of  his 
country. 

[American  members  of  the  scientific  staff  were  then  listed.  Seep. 217.] 
The  scientific  investigations  will  be  under  the  immediate  direction  of 
Messrs.  Hanna  and  Anthony. 

3.  Field  of  operations. — Islands  and  their  surrounding  waters  off  the 
west  coast  of  Lower  California,  particularly  the  islands  of  Guadalupe, 
San  Benito,  Cedros,  and  Natividad ;  also  Magdalena  Bay  and  other  points 
on  the  mainland. 

4.  Purpose. — The  primary  purpose  of  the  expedition  is  to  make  investi- 
gations to  determine  as  fully  as  may  be  the  present  abundance  and  condi- 
tion of  the  southern  fur  seal,  southern  sea  otter,  and  elephant  seal  in  the 
localities  visited. 

It  is  known  that  each  of  those  three  important  and  valuable  marine 
mammals  was  at  one  time  quite  common  not  only  about  the  islands  men- 
tioned but  also  about  the  islands  on  the  California  coast  as  far  north 
as  the  Farallons.  Records  believed  trustworthy  show  that  in  the  years 
1808  to  1811,  more  than  203,000  fur  seals  were  taken  on  the  Farallon 
Islands,  besides  many  thousands  on  the  Channel  Islands,  Cedros  and  other 
islands  ofif  the  coast  of  Lower  California.  Records  also  show  that  the 
southern  sea  otter  was  at  one  time  very  abundant  in  the  great  kelp  beds 
about  these  same  islands,  more  than  22,000  having  been  taken  prior  to 
1806.  The  elephant  seal  was  once  abundant  on  Guadalupe  Island  and  on 
other  islands  on  this  coast. 

It  is  generally  believed  that  each  of  these  interesting  animals  is  now 
extinct  or  nearly  so ;  but  certain  recent  discoveries  indicate  that  at  least 
small  remnants  of  each  of  the  three  species  still  exist.  It  is  the  purpose 
of  this  expedition  to  find  out  the  facts  in-so-far  as  is  possible  and  place 
them  before  the  State  Departments  of  the  United  States  and  Mexican 
governments  in  the  hope  that  the  necessary  steps  may  be  taken  by  the  two 
governments  through  an  international  treaty  for  the  adequate  protection 
of  these  valuable  natural  resources. 

5.  Other  scientific  investigations. — The  scientists  of  this  expedition 
will  avail  themselves  of  the  exceptional  opportunities  for  making  a  gen- 
eral survey  of  the  fauna  and  flora  and  geology  of  the  islands  visited. 
They  will  be  equipped  for  making  collections  in  various  branches  of  nat- 


222  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIEXCES  [Proc.  4Tif  Ser. 

ural  history,  particularly  of  birds,  mammals,  insects,  shells,  botany,  and 
fossils.  These  islands  have  been  but  little  explored  and  it  is  believed  that 
many  new  species  will  be  discovered.  Provision  is  made  for  taking  photo- 
graphs, both  still  and  moving,  adequate  for  illustrative  and  educational 
purposes." 

(Signed)     Barton  Warren  Evermaxn 

Director  of  the  Museum  of  the  California 
Academy  of  Sciences,  and  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Conservation  of  Marine  Life  of 
the  Pacific. 

(Signed)     G.  Dallas    Hanna 

Secretary  of  the  Committee  on  Conservation 
of  Marine  Life  of  the  Pacific. 

The  National  Geographic  Society  through  its  President,  Dr. 
Gilbert  H.  Grosvenor,  contributed  the  sum  of  $500.00  to  aid 
in  defraying  the  e.xpenses  of  the  expedition.  This  was  used 
for  photographic  purposes  with  the  understanding  that  prints 
from  all  official  still-camera  pictures  should  be  furnished  to  the 
Society  accompanying  an  article  suitable  for  publication  in  its 
magazine.^ 

Of  360  exposures  made  with  a  4x5  camera,  314  negatives 
were  obtained,  suitable  for  illustrative  purposes.  Prints  of 
these  were  furnished  to  the  National  Geographic  Society;  the 
San  Diego  Society  of  Natural  History;  the  National  Govern- 
ment of  Mexico;  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences;  and 
various  members  of  the  party.  The  negatives  have  been  depos- 
ited in  the  latter  institution.  In  addition  to  the  above,  several 
members  of  the  party  took  photographs,  prints  of  which  were 
furnished  to  the  Academy.  About  800  feet  of  motion  picture 
negative  was  made  of  the  herd  of  elephant  seals  on  Guadalupe 
Island.  This  has  been  deposited  in  the  Academy  and  prints 
were  furnished  to  the  National  Government  of  Mexico  and  the 
San  Diego  Society  of  Natural  History. 

Upon  the  completion  of  technical  reports  of  the  scientific 
collections  obtained  it  was  understood  that  an  equitable  division 
of  specimens  would  be  made  among  the  institutions  represented. 

In  addition  to  the  account  of  the  expedition  published  by  the 
National   Geographic   Society,   announcements   giving   major 

-  See — A  Cruise  among  Desert  Islands,  by  G.  Dallas  Hanna  and  A.  W.  Anthony. 
Nat.  Geog.  Mag.,  Vol.  44,  No.  1,  July,  1923,  pp.  70-99,  33  photographs.  (Various 
portions  of  this  article  were  widely  quoted  as  for  instance:  Illustrated  London  News, 
Sept.  29,  1923,  Vol.  163,  No.  4406,  pp.  564-565,  9  photographs.— Literary  Digest,  Vol. 
79,  No.  8,  Nov.   24,   1923,  pp.   50-52.) 


Vol.  XIV] 


HANXA— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND 


223 


facts  appeared   in  Science  and  other  publications  before  de- 
parture and  after  returning.^ 


Date  Arrived 

July   9     

9  5 . 00  PM 

10     

11  2.00  pm 

12     

13     

14     

15     

16     

17     

18  2.00  pm 

19     

20     

21      

22  10.00  AM 

23     

24  9.30  pm 

25     

26     

27      

27  3.00  pm 

28     

29     

30     

31  1.00  pm 
Aug.    1     

1  11.00  am 

2      

2  7 .  30  AM 

2      

2  6 . 00  PM 

3     

3  9 .  00  AM 

4     

4  9 .  00  AM 

5      

6      

7  6 .  00  AM 


ITINERARY 
Place  Departed 

San  Diego 9.00  am 

Ensenada 

Ensenada 3 .  00  pm 

Guadalupe  Island 

Guadalupe  Island 

Guadalupe  Island 

Guadalupe  Island 

Guadalupe  Island 

Guadalupe  Island 

Guadalupe  Island ....       5 .  30  pm 

San  Quintin  Bay 

San  Quintin  Bay 

San  Quintin  Bay 

San  Quintin  Bay 4 .  00  pm 

Cedros  Island 

Cedros  Island 7 .  00  am 

Magdalena  Bay 

Magdalena  Bay 

Magdalena  Bay 

Magdalena  Bay Noon 

Santa  Margarita  Island      

Santa  Margarita  Island      

Santa  Margarita  Island     

Santa  Margarita  Island       9.00  am 

Abreojos  Point 

Abreojos  Point 6.00  am 

Asuncion  Island 

Asuncion  Island 6.00  AM 

San  Roque  Island 

San  Roque  Island ....      1 1 .  00  AM 

San  Bartolome  Bay 

San  Bartolome  Bay ...       6.30  am 

Natividad  Island 

Natividad  Island 6 .  30  am 

Cedros  Island 

Cedros  Island 

Cedros  Island 

Cedros  Island 


Region  Visited 


Elephant  Beach 

Cypress  Grove  and  South 

side 
Esparsa  Canon 
Pine  Ridge 

Jack's  Bay  and  south  end 
South  end ;  east  side 

Santo  Domingo 


Bernstein's  Abalone  Camp 
Bernstein's  Abalone  Camp 
Village 


Village 

Cactus  Forest 
Rancheria 
V^illage 


North  part 


Bernstein's  Abalone  Camp 
Bernstein's  Abalone  Camp 
Bernstein's  Abalone  Camp 
Grand  Canon 


3  Evermann,  Barton  W.   (Catalina  Islander,  Vol.  9,  No.  28,  pp.  1,  10,  July  26,  1922.) 
Evermann,  Barton  W.   (Sports  Afield,  Vol.  69,  No.   2,  pp.   102-103,  Avigust,   1922.) 


Evermann,  Barton  W.  (Science,  n.  s.  Vol.  56,  No.  1440,  pp.  135-137,  August  4,  1922.) 
Evermann,   Barton  W.   (Pacific  Fisherman,  Vol.  20,  No.  8,  p.    16,  August,   1922.) 
(San  Diego  Union,  Thursday,  August   17,   1922.) 
(Golden  Gate  Pathfinder,  Vol.  3,  No.  34,  p.  2,  August  27,  1922.) 
(Golden  Gate  Pathfinder,  Vol.   3,  No.  38,  p.  2,  Sept.  24,    1922.) 
(Golden  Gate  Pathfinder,  Vol.  3,  No.  40,  p.  2,  October     8,  1922.) 
(Catalina  Islander,  Vol.  9,  No.  i7,  pp.  6-7,  September  27,   1922.) 
(Science,  n.  s.  Vol.  51,  No.  1453,  pp.  503-504,  November  3,  1922.) 
W.     (Proc.    Calif.    Acad.    Sci.,    4th    Ser.,    Vol.    11,    pp.    665-667. 


Hanna,  G.  Dallas. 
Hanna,  G.  Dallas. 
Hanna,  G.  Dallas. 
Hanna,  G.  Dallas. 
Hanna,  G.  Dallas. 
Hanna,  G.  Dallas. 
Evermann,    Barton 


August  22,   1923.) 


224 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Date  Arrived 

Aug.    8  1 .  00  AM 

10  10.00  am 

10     

11  7 .  00  AM 

12     

12  9.30  am 

13     

13  9.00  am 

13     

14  Noon 

14     

14  5.30  pm 

14     

15  9.00  am 

15     

16  9.00  am 


Place 

Cedros  Island 

Cedros  Island 

Cedros  Island 

Cedros  Island 

Cedros  Island 

West  Benito  Island . 
West  Benito  Island . 
East  Benito  Island . . 
East  Benito  Island . . 
San  Quintin  Bay .  .  . 
San  Quintin  Bay .  .  . 
San  Martin  Island . . 
San  Martin  Island . . 

Ensenada , 

Ensenada 

San  Diego 


Departed 


3 

00  pm 

7 

00  am 

8 

30  am 

2 

00  pm 

2 

30  PM 

7 

00  PM 

11 

30  am 

Region  Visited 
North  end 

Bernstein's  Abalone  Camp 
Bernstein's  Abalone  Camp 
Abalone  camp  on  west  side 


Middle  Benito  also 


JifagdaleT 

Santa  Margarit 


3T*T0Tt      MILCS 


Fig.  1.  A  sketch  map  showing  the  region  visited  by  the  expedition  of  1922; 
drawn  by  James  M.  Darley;  from  National  Geographic  Magazine, 
July.  1923. 


Vol.  XI\  ]  HANS  A— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  225 

The  region  covered  in  the  above  itinerary  is  included  in  the 
following-  series  of  sailing-  charts  of  the  Hydrographic  Office 
of  the  U.  S.  Navy;*  it  is  therefore  not  believed  necessary  to 
reproduce  a  general  map  of  the  area  other  than  the  sketch 
shown  above. 

Area  covered  Chart  number 

General,    West    Mexico 1006 

San  Diego  to  San  Quintin  Bay 1149 

San  Quintin  Bay  to  Cedros  Island 1193 

Cedros  Island  to  Abreojos  Point 1310 

Abreojos  Point  to  Cape  San  Lazaro 1493 

Cape  San  Lazaro  to  Cape  San  Lucas 1664 

Cape  San  Lazaro  to  Cape  San  Lucas 621 

Todos    Santos    Bay 1046 

Guadalupe   Island    1681 

Hassler   Cove    1686 

San  Quintin  Bay 1043 

Cedros  Island    1 192 

San    Benito    Islands 1 194 

San   Bartolome   Bay 1204 

San    Ignacio    Lagoon 1492 

San  Roque  and  Asuncion  Islands 1268 

Magdalena   Bay    1636 

The  night  before  the  Expedition  left,  the  members  gathered 
around  a  dinner  table  at  La  Jolla  and  listened  to  an  exposition 
of  its  aims  and  objects  given  by  various  persons  directly  inter- 
ested in  it.  Informal  talks  were  given  by  Dr.  Barton  Warren 
Evermann,  Sr.  Jose  M.  Gallegos,  Dr.  Fred  Baker  and  others. 

Next  morning,  July  9,  at  nine  the  lines  of  the  Tecatc  were 
cast  off  at  San  Diego  and  Ensenada  was  reached  at  five  the 
same  day.  The  Mexican  officials  were  hosts  at  a  dinner  given 
to  the  rest  of  us  that  evening.  At  three  p.  m.  of  the  tenth  the 
last  of  the  stores  had  been  taken  aboard  and  the  ship  was 
headed  toward  Guadalupe  Island,  170  miles  to  the  southwest. 

Off  Point  Banda  there  are  10  rocks,  white  from  the  occu- 
pancy of  them  by  various  birds,  chiefly  brown  pelicans,  Brandt's 
cormorants  and  western  gulls.  Eight  of  these  rocks  were  occu- 
pied by  California  sea  lions,  the  total  number  being  estimated 

*  See,  "Mexico  and  Central  America  Pilot  (West  Coast),"  Hydrographic  Office,  U.  S. 
Navy,  Publication  No.  84,  6th  Edition,  1920,  and  Supplement  to  same  issued  in  1923. 
In  each  of  these  there  is  an  index  map  of  the  area  covered;  on  this  map  all  of  the 
charts  issued  by  the   office  are   indicated. 


226  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

at  250.  Close  watch  was  kept  for  sea  otters  and  fur  seals  in 
the  kelp  beds  as  the  Tecate  passed  close  inshore  here  but,  as 
was  to  be  expected,  none  was  seen.  Formerly  both  species  lived 
at  this  point  in  great  abundance  and  it  is  not  so  many  years 
ago  that  30  sea  otters  were  killed ;  this  was  the  last  time  a 
large  number  was  slaughtered.  Since  then  the  species  has  been 
practically  extinct  and  in  a  region  where  a  century  and  a  half 
before  thousands  were  killed  in  a  single  season. 

Before  darkness  closed  in  about  the  little  motorship,  two  red 
phalaropes  were  seen  feeding  on  the  sea.  They  were  in  full 
fall  plumage  and  it  seems  incredible  that  they  had  been  to  the 
breeding  grounds  in  northern  Alaska  and  had  returned  this 
far  south  already  on  the  fall  migration.  They  must  surely 
have  remained  behind  the  great  flocks  which  annually  follow 
the  American  coast  to  the  Arctic  regions. 

On  the  11th,  at  ten  a.  m.,  Mr.  Slevin,  with  eyes  trained  to 
the  sea,  announced  Guadalupe  Island  in  sight.  Two  hours 
later,  between  banks  of  fog,  the  ruggedness  of  the  black 
scorched  cliffs  of  the  north  end  was  in  plain  sight  and  at  three 
p.  m.  we  landed  at  the  place  called  "Northeast  Anchorage." 

A  settlement  had  formerly  been  at  this  place;  sometimes  it 
consisted  of  soldiers  and  their  families ;  again  the  occupants 
were  those  trying  to  successfully  exploit  the  goats  of  the  island. 
At  this  time  the  place  was  not  inhabited  but  one  of  the  sheds 
almost  filled  with  dried  meat  and  skins  indicated  that  people 
had  occupied  the  place  not  more  than  one  or  two  years  pre- 
viously. The  best  of  the  buildings  was  a  two  story  adobe  house 
used  by  officers  of  the  military  party;  it  was  painted  white. ^ 

On  the  trip  across  from  Ensenada,  Mr.  Barnhart  and  I  alter- 
nated taking  samples  of  water  from  the  surface  of  the  sea. 
These  water  samples  were  collected  by  tying  a  small  bottle  to 
the  bottom  of  a  silk  net.  Three  full  buckets  of  known  capacity 
were  poured  into  the  net,  the  plankton  collecting  in  the  bottle. 
The  minute  animal  and  plant  life  was  killed  and  preserved  with 
formalin,  a  label  was  added  and  the  sample  packed  away  for 
use  of  Dr.  W.  E.  Allen  in  oceanographic  study.  These  samples 
were  taken  every  hour  during  the  cruise,  when  the  vessel  was 
under  way. 

»See  fig.   Nat.  Geog.   Mag.,   Vol.   44,   No.   1,  p.   72,  July,    19J3. 


\0L.  XIV]  HAXXA— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  227 

While  camp  was  being  established  on  shore,  Mr.  Slevin  and 
I  walked  up  the  canon  back  of  the  buildings  about  a  mile.  The 
country  is  excessively  rough  and  shows  evidences  of  volcanism 
on  a  grandiose  and  awe-inspiring  scale  on  every  side.  Huge 
caves  and  caverns  festooned  with  ragged  lava  line  the  chffs 
on  both  sides  of  the  canon.  In  some  places  strata  of  scoria, 
cinders  and  loose  rocks  are  bedded  as  if  they  might  have  fallen 
in  water  from  a  spouting  volcano.  Subsequent  to  deposition 
the  beds  were  violently  disturbed  because  it  is  not  unusual  to 
see  the  dip  of  the  strata  change  90°  in  100  yards.  No  fossils 
of  any  kind  were  found  so  it  cannot  be  certain  that  any  of  the 
material  was  laid  down  in  the  sea. 

The  caiion  showed  evidence  of  considerable  water  at  a  not 
very  distant  date.  Large  water  holes,  lined  with  fresh  sedi- 
ment were  in  the  bed  of  the  stream  but  not  a  spot  now  ap- 
peared to  be  moist.  All  of  the  vegetation  in  that  vicinity  was 
likewise  dry  except  the  poppies  and  one  or  two  other  kinds  of 
plants.  Wild  oats,  waist  high,  grew^  in  profusion  where  there 
was  soil.  Goats  w^ere  excessively  abundant  everywhere  and 
were  well  fed.  Doubtless  there  had  been  sufificient  rain  in 
earlier  months  to  produce  plenty  of  pasturage.  But  the  dried 
bleached  bones  strewn  over  the  ground  in  greatest  profusion 
showed  that  famine  had  spread  over  the  herd  in  other  years 
and  had  taken  enormous  toll.  Probably,  as  in  most  of  Lower 
California  and  the  outlying  islands,  rain  is  scant  and  very 
irregular  on  Guadalupe.  Certainly  the  greatest  part  of  the 
island  is  a  desert  of  the  most  barren  sort. 

No  cats  were  seen  during  the  brief  sojourn  in  the  caiion 
that  evening  and  during  the  rest  of  our  stay  on  the  island  they 
successfully  evaded  us.  Several  skulls  w^ere  collected  at  various 
places.  Mr.  Hinkley  took  one  from  a  well  (salty)  at  the  land- 
ing place.  Another  was  later  found  at  the  extreme  south  end 
of  the  island  shown'ng  that  this  pest  has  completely  overrun  the 
place.  Escaping  as  pets  or  abandoned  by  former  occupants, 
this  animal  has  reverted  to  the  wild  state  and  has  wreaked 
havoc  among  the  birds.  We  saw  evidence  of  this  everywhere 
we  went.  The  Kaeding's  petrels  were  apparently  preyed  upon 
the  most.  The  action  of  the  cats  could  be  plainly  read  from 
the  record  on  the  ground.    The  petrels  live  among  the  loose 


22g  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

rocks  and  in  the  holes  of  the  cliffs,  where  the  cats  apparently 
have  no  difficulty  in  capturing  them  as  thej^  go  and  come. 
Many  were  seen  with  only  the  top  of  the  head  eaten  away. 

In  this  cafion  we  took  five  species  of  land  snails :  two  Pupil- 
lid?e;  two  Micrarionta  and  the  strange  Binneya  iiofabilis  found 
elsewhere  only  on  Santa  Barbara  Island,  off  southern  Cali- 
fornia. Here  on  Guadalupe  it  is  very  abundant  and  appears 
to  be  identical  in  every  way  with  those  of  the  northern  island. 
It  is  about  halfway  between  a  true  snail  and  a  slug.  Many 
of  the  snail  shells  had  been  broken  and  the  soft  parts  extracted 
by  mice. 

The  house  mouse  is  apparently  very  abundant  all  over  the 
island;  specimens  were  collected  which  do  not  differ  from 
individuals  of  other  lands.  The  species  probably  came  acci- 
dentally with  personal  baggage,  has  increased  enormously,  and 
probably  will  completely  exterminate  the  land  shell  fauna. 
Probably  numerous  species  of  insects  have  already  disappeared 
through  this  agency.  The  cats,  of  course,  will  not  eat  the 
mice  as  long  as  they  can  subsist  on  birds. 

Mr.  Slevin  looked  carefully  for  lizards  on  many  parts  of 
the  island  but  failed  to  find  a  single  one.  Prof.  Cuesta-Terron 
stated  that  he  had  a  report  of  a  specimen  having  the  characters 
of  a  Xantusia  but  it  was  not  sufficiently  reliable  to  be  credited 
without  supporting  evidence.  Mr.  Slevin's  failure  to  find  a 
species  of  reptile  of  any  kind  naturally  leads  us  to  believe  none 
lives  there. 

Late  in  the  evening  of  July  1 1  an  osprey  was  shot  at  the 
landing  place ;  this  species  had  not  previously  been  reported 
from  Guadalupe  Island. 

On  the  morning  of  July  12,  with  all  hands  on  board  the  ship 
sailed  around  the  north  end  of  the  island  to  the  elephant  seal 
rookery.  On  the  way  around,  the  beach  was  scanned  at  close 
range  for  Guadalupe  fur  seals  but  none  was  seen.  Only  in  one 
place,  a  cave  three-fourths  of  a  mile  north  of  the  elephant  seal 
rookery,  did  there  appear  to  be  any  suitable  ground  where  the 
fur  seal  might  be  expected.  This  was  occupied  by  a  few  of  the 
elephant  seals. 

The  landing  was  made  early  in  the  forenoon  at  the  north- 
west end  of  a  short  beach  composed  of  black  sand  and  on  which 


\<  L.  XI\']  HANNA— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  229 

the  elephant  seals  were  located.  Immediately  back,  huge,  un- 
scalable, lava  clififs  rose  to  an  elevation  of  2000  feet.  It  was 
with  much  misgiving  that  we  rowed  in  as  quietly  as  possible, 
each  moment  expecting  the  animals  to  catch  our  scent  or  the 
noise  of  the  oars  and  desert  the  place  for  the  rest  of  the  day. 
That  invariably  would  have  been  the  procedure  if  we  had  been 
approaching  any  of  the  northern  rookeries  of  hair  seals  or  sea 
lions  I  had  visited.  But  they  let  the  first  boat  load  of  us  land 
without  troubling  themselves  at  all ;  the  nearest  ones,  however, 
were  some  50  yards  away.*'     (See  pi.  16,  fig.  1.) 

With  motion  picture  equipment  and  Graflex  camera  we 
climbed  a  spur  at  the  west  end  of  the  rookery  and  proceeded 
to  take  a  series  of  pictures  as  rapidly  as  possible.  Each  turn 
of  the  crank  and  each  snap  of  the  camera  I  expected  to  be  my 
last  opportunity,  but  the  lazy  animals  slept  on.  Other  visitors 
coming  ashore  hid  under  a  low  cliff  until  the  photography  from 
the  distance  was  finished.  Some  of  them  were  then  asked  to 
walk  slowly  toward  the  herd.  It  was  expected  that  a  motion 
picture  of  them  all  rushing  into  the  sea  would  prove  an  item 
of  interest.  Every  one  was  equally  surprised  when  the  men 
walked  right  out  among  the  huge  beasts,  slapping  an  occasional 
one  on  the  back  as  a  sign  of  greeting. 

A  count  of  the  herd  was  made  from  this  high  point  before 
the  men  went  among  the  animals  but  it  was  subsequently  dis- 
carded when  it  was  found  that  a  much  more  accurate  census 
could  be  obtained  from  enlargements  of  some  of  the  photo- 
graphs.   We  thus  determined  the  number  present  to  be  264. 

All  of  those  present  were  males  except  one  female.  She  was 
timid  and  left  the  beach  soon  after  we  arrived.  It  was  noted 
that  the  long  pendant  snout  of  the  male  was  represented  in  the 
female  by  a  short  and  scarcely  noticeable  elongation.  I  do  not 
believe  the  female  can  inflate  her  "trunk"  as  does  the  male  and 
thus  produce  a  resonance  chamber  or  sound  box  to  accentuate 
the  ponderous  snore-like  sound  the  latter  frequently  make. 

There  was  one  young  seal  on  the  beach,  perhaps  a  yearling, 
and  its  silvery  coat  of  hair  fairly  glistened  in  the  sun.  It  like- 
wise deserted  us  soon  after  we  made  our  presence  known. 


«  Anthony  (Journal  Mammalogy,  Vol.  5,  No.  3,  Aug.,  1924,  pp.  145-152,  pis.  17-20) 
has  given  an  account  of  the  elephant  seal  herd  in  1922,  1923,  and  contributed  other 
data  of  historical  value. 

September  5.   1925 


230  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

On  the  beach,  down  among  the  animals  we  made  many  close- 
range  studies  and  photographs.  (See  pi.  16,  fig.  2.)  This  was 
shedding  time^  and  we  were  all  much  surprised  to  see  some 
animals  with  large  flakes  of  epidermis  peeling  off  of  their 
bodies,  bringing  the  old  hair  with  it.  Much  of  this  cast-off 
skin  littered  the  beach.  The  underside  of  the  neck  of  the  well 
grown  male  was  very  greatly  creased  and  corrugated,  and  the 
color  was  brilliant  geranium  pink.  Otherwise  the  coloration 
was  a  somber  drab  or  gray,  like  the  unspotted  hair  seals  to 
which  they  are  somewhat  distantly  related.  The  corrugations 
on  the  necks  have  been  called  scars  from  fighting,  but  they 
seem  to  be  too  regular  and  unifonn.  I  think  it  is  purely  a 
sexual  character  of  the  species.  The  only  fighting  scars  I  saw 
were  on  the  backs. 

The  animals  were  all  excessively  fat.  On  those  occasions 
when  we  were  able  to  get  one  to  go  into  the  water,  wrinkles 
or  waves  of  fat  traveled  the  length  of  the  body  as  it  moved 
on  the  sand,  undoubtedly  aiding  in  the  movement  forward  or 
backward.  In  coming  from  the  water  great  deliberation  was 
shown,  advantage  apparently  being  taken  of  the  last  ounce  of 
"push"  in  the  breaking  surf.  Locomotion  was  exceedingly  slow 
and  laborious  on  land;  the  diminutive  front  flippers  are  used 
to  a  certain  extent  to  pull  the  huge  bulk  forward  but  they  and 
the  muscles  which  actuate  them  are  entirely  inadequate.  The 
hind  limbs  project  backward  at  all  times  and  while  they  are 
very  serviceable  in  swimming  they  serve  no  useful  purpose  on 
land. 

One  curious  habit  we  noticed  on  land  was  the  throwing  of 
showers  of  sand  up  over  and  on  the  backs  as  they  lay  stretched 
out.  The  front  flippers,  one  at  a  time  are  used  for  this  and  in 
some  cases  an  animal  looked  like  a  huge  pile  of  volcanic  sand 
with  flippers  projecting  at  one  end  and  nose  at  the  other.  Why 
this  is  done  remained  to  us  inexplicable  when  we  left. 

On  several  occasions  we  succeeded  in  causing  a  full  grown 
bull  to  raise  his  head  and  shoulders  to  their  full  extent;  then 
they  are  considerably  taller  than  a  man.  The  teasing  to  which 
they  were  subjected  caused  only  the  mildest  sort  of  protest. 
This  consisted  only  of  throwing  the  head  back  high  over  the 

'  See  figure  in  Nat.  Geog.  Mag.,  \'ol.  44,   No.   1,  July,   1923,  p.   77. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANN A— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  231 

back  and  opening  wide  the  mouth.  On  no  occasion  was  an 
attempt  made  to  bite  one  of  us  although  ample  opportunity- 
was  afforded  had  the  animals  been  so  disposed.  How  different 
were  they  in  their  docility  from  an  equal  number  of  fur  seal 
bulls,  which  would  have  torn  us  literally  to  shreds  under  simi- 
lar circumstances !  On  two  or  three  occasions  members  of  the 
party  would  place  a  hand  on  the  back  of  an  animal  and  vault 
over,  rather  than  go  around. 

One  of  the  strangest  things  to  me  about  the  elephant  seals 
was  the  manner  in  which  the  snout  (erroneously  called  trunk) 
was  inflated,  balloon-fashion,  and  allowed  to  dangle  in  the 
widely  opened  mouth  when  the  head  was  thrown  far  back  to 
utter  the  indescribably  weird  sound  they  make.^  The  noise 
(it  can  hardly  be  called  a  note),  although  of  very  low  pitch, 
has  peculiar  carrying  properties  and  the  source  is  difficult  to 
locate.  So  far  as  we  could  see  the  snout  (about  12  inches  long) 
was  put  to  no  other  purpose.  It  can  be  of  no  value  in  the 
capture  of  food,  else  the  young  and  females  would  likewise 
be  thus  provided. 

The  Mexican  naturalists  wished  to  obtain  a  specimen  for 
their  National  Museum  and  this  afforded  an  opportunity  to 
investigate  the  food  habits  of  the  species.  But  the  stomach 
was  empty,  except  for  some  sand,  and  the  natural  food  remains 
a  mystery. 

The  breeding  ground  proper  is  at  the  southeast  end  of  the 
beach  and  above  high  tide  mark.  Here  were  the  remains  of  six 
dead  animals,  too  far  decomposed  for  careful  examination. 
From  them  it  was  supposed  that  the  ground  had  not  been 
occupied  probably  later  than  March  and  perhaps  earlier. 

Many  points  in  the  life  history  of  this  strange  beast  remain 
unknown.  For  instance,  where  were  the  females  and  young? 
Certainly  not  around  Guadalupe.  It  has  been  suggested  that 
they  migrate  to  the  coast  of  Chile.  This  may  be  correct,  but 
the  animals  seem  ill  adapted  to  so  long  a  journey.  Our  obser- 
vations indicated  that  they  were  not  so  adept  in  swimming  as 
such  species  as  the  sea  lions.  They  could  hardly  catch  the  in- 
credibly swift  pelagic  fishes  such  as  tuna,  albacore,  yellowtail. 
etc.,  which  abound  about  Guadalupe.   Moreover,  there  appeared 


»  See  figure  in  National  Geog.  Magazine,  Vol.  44,  No.  1,  July,  1923,  p.  76. 


232  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

to  be  no  records  of  the  species  between  Guadalupe  and  Chile. 
Truly  this  is  an  animal  of  mystery. 

All  of  us  were  impressed  with  the  apparent  stupidity  of  the 
elephant  seals.  One  man  with  a  rifle  could  kill  in  a  short  time 
all  of  the  herd  then  present.  Years  ago  they  were  so  butchered 
and  the  fat  was  rendered  into  oil.  This  continued  to  such  an 
extent  that  the  animal  was  supposed  for  a  while  to  be  extinct. 
It  was  very  gratifying  to  us  to  see  that  there  was  at  least  a 
nucleus  left  to  perpetuate  the  species  and  at  least  not  yet  will  it 
follow  the  dodo  and  passenger  pigeon  into  oblivion.  After 
making  due  allowances  for  animals  absent  it  would  seem  that 
the  entire  herd  in  1922  must  have  contained  not  many  fewer 
than  1,000"  of  all  classes. 

Upon  our  return  to  San  Francisco  the  Committee  under 
whose  auspices  the  expedition  was  organized,  took  steps  imme- 
diately to  urge  the  Government  of  Mexico  adequately  to  pro- 
tect this  relic  of  a  bygone  age  of  which  it  happened  to  be  cus- 
todian. Our  associates  from  that  country  took  similar  action 
and  as  a  result  on  October  27,  1922.  President  Obregon  issued 
the  following  proclamation  declaring  Guadalupe  Island  a 
reservation. 

SUBJECT 

Marginally  a  stamp  which  says  : — United  States  of  Mexico. — Presidency 
of  the  Republic. — Resolution  of  the  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Public 
Works : 

CONSIDERING 

That  the  island  of  Guadalupe,  of  Lower  California,  and  its  territorial 
waters  possess  natural  riches  alike  in  forestry  material  and  in  herds,  and 
in  game  and  fish,  numbering  among  its  species  many  of  rare  occurrence, 
which  species  are  in  danger  of  extinction,  owing  to  the  immoderate  ex- 
ploitation of  which  they  have  been  the  object; 

That  the  Federal  Government  must  protect  those  species  which  con- 
stitute an  inexhaustible  fount  of  riches  for  the  Government  and  the  people 
of  Mexico. 

For  that  reason,  I  have  considered  it  well  to  dictate  the  following 

RESOLUTION. 

Article  1. — The  island  of  Guadalupe  of  Lower  California,  as  well  as  the 
territorial  waters  surrounding  it,  remains  reserved  for  the  protection  and 

'Anthony  (Jouni.  Mammalogy,  ^'ol.  5,  No.  3,  Aug.,  1924,  p.  148)  has  stated  that  he 
believed   1250  total  to  be  a  conservative  estimate  of  the  herd  in   1923,  a  year  later. 


VcL.  XIV]  HANNA— EXPEDITION  rO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  233 

development  of  the  natural  riches  which  they  contain,  alike  in  forestry 
material  and  in  herds,  and  in  game  and  fish. 

Article  2. — There  be  named  the  technical  and  administrative  personnel 
necessary   for  the  administration  and  protection  of   the  said   riches. 

Given  in  the  residence  of  the  Federal  Executive  Power,  on  the  19th 
day  of  the  month  of  October  of  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  twenty- 
two.— THE  CONSTITUTIONAL  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED 
STATES  OF  MEXICO.— A.  OBREGON.— SEAL.— Published  and  exe- 
cuted.—THE  UNDER  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE  AND  PUB- 
LIC WORKS  COMMISSIONER  OF  THE  BUREAU.— RAMON  P.  DE 
NEGRI.— Seal. 

It  is  a  copy  which  I  certify  agrees  with  the  original. 

Mexico,  October  27,  1922. 

THE  SECONDARY  CHIEF  CLERK. 
Gmo.  S.   Segutn. — Seal. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  all  loyal  subjects  of  all  civilized  nations 
will  respect  this  decree  and  permit  the  elephant  seals  to  live 
their  lives  and  perpetuate  the  species  for  the  benefit  of  future 
generations  of  mankind. 

After  Mr.  Tose  had  completed  the  making  of  the  sketches 
he  had  in  mind  and  had  collected  some  accessory  material,  such 
as  rocks,  plants,  dried  elephant  seal  epidermis,  etc.,  we  sailed 
back  to  our  shore  camp.  The  articles  mentioned  were  to  be 
used  for  the  preparation  of  a  group  of  the  mounted  animals 
which  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  had  received  sev- 
eral years  previously  and  which  was  to  be  installed  in  the  new 
Steinhart  Aquarium,  then  under  construction. 

At  the  elephant  seal  beach,  Mr.  Anthony  and  others  saw  a 
wandering  tattler  fly  listlessly  from  rock  to  rock  in  the  most 
unconcerned  and  nonchalant  manner.  This  bird  has  always 
been  an  enigma  to  me.  I  have  seen  it  in  summer  on  practically 
every  north  Pacific  island  I  have  visited  from  Guadalupe  to 
the  center  of  Bering  Sea,  and  others  have  reported  it  as  far 
south  as  the  Revillagigedo  group.  Yet  breeding  records  seem 
to  be  entirely  wanting.  It  spends  our  winter  months  in  the 
southern  hemisphere  and  there  is  a  possibility  that  its  breeding 
ground  is  south  of  the  equator. 

On  the  way  back  from  the  elephant  seal  beach  to  our  shore 
camp  two  yellowtail  tuna  were  caught  from  the  deck  and 
proved  to  be  a  desirable  addition  to  our  already  excellent  bill 
of  fare.    The  fishes  were  taken  on  a  bone  "gig"  trolled  far 


234  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIEXCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

behind  the  ship  on  a  piano  wire  "leader"  and  very  strong  line. 
When  a  strike  was  made  this  powerful  swimmer  made  the 
line  fairly  sing  back  and  forth  as  it  was  hauled  in,  hand  over 
hand.  Such  procedure  would  doubtless  break  the  heart  of  a 
light  tackle  enthusiast  but  fishing  for  fun  and  fishing  for  food 
must  always  be  separated. 

That  night  as  we  were  getting  into  our  blankets  at  10 
o'clock  under  a  starlit  sky,  we  were  greeted  by  a  slight  earth- 
quake, lasting  almost  a  minute — merely  a  gentle  reminder  of 
the  immeasurable  forces  which  have  built  this  mountain  peak 
from  12,000  feet  beneath  the  waves  to  4,000  feet  above. 

The  next  day,  July  13,  the  party  separated  in  order  the  better 
to  cover  more  ground  in  our  limited  time.  Messrs.  Slevin. 
Gallegos,  Barnhart  and  Hinkley,  leaving  in  the  early  morning, 
took  the  trail  up  the  canon  back  of  the  buildings.  After  about 
six  hours  of  steady,  weary  climbing,  up  the  excessively  rough 
lava  slopes  they  eventually  reached  the  forest  of  cypress  trees 
near  the  top.  Here  Dr.  Edward  Palmer  had  camped  in  a  ver- 
itable paradise  in  1875.  He  found  strange  birds  in  abundance 
and  a  profusion  of  wild  flowering  plants. 

No  less  than  four  species  of  the  birds  he  found  are  now 
absolutely  extinct  and  except  for  the  museum  specimens  and  his 
notes  they  are  forever  lost  to  humanity.  There  is  some  strange 
and  lonely  sadness  that  comes  over  us  when  we  think  of  the 
last  of  a  species  of  one  of  nature's  creations  having  passed  its 
span  of  existence.  Paleontology  tells  us  that  hundreds  of  thou- 
sands of  species  have  so  passed  on  in  times  gone  by ;  neverthe- 
less, when  v'e  see  one  go  we  feel  the  loss  the  same  as  we  do 
when  a  dear  relative  has  received  a  last  farewell. 

The  species  of  birds  thus  far  exterminated  on  Guadalupe 
are:  Guadalupe  Caracara,  Guadalupe  Flicker,  Guadalupe 
Towhee,  and  Guadalupe  Wren. 

The  caracaras  were  abundant  when  Dr.  Palmer  was  at  the 
island  but  ten  years  later  (1885),  when  Mr.  Walter  E.  Bryant 
collected  on  Guadalupe  for  the  California  Academy  of  Sci- 
ences, he  found  them  being  killed  by  the  soldiers  stationed 
there  "to  protect  the  goats."  It  was  evidently  believed  that  the 
young  kids  were  killed  by  the  caracaras  and,  although  the 
birds  ranged  from  the  sea  shore  to  the  highest  peak,  they  were 


Vol.  XIV]  HANN A— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  235 

soon  all  killed.  The  destruction  was  made  easy  because,  it  is 
said,  the  birds  resorted  to  the  water  holes  on  top  of  the  island 
to  drink. 

The  other  three  lost  species,  the  flicker,  wren  and  towhee, 
have  gone  because  they  were  unable  to  protect  themselves  from 
the  house  cats,  running  wild. 

Our  party  saw  no  sign  of  any  of  these  four  species  although 
special  search  was  made  for  them.  There  was  one  other  resi- 
dent, the  Guadalupe  petrel,  which  we  expected  to  find  but  did 
not.  The  last  report  of  a  naturalist  previous  to  our  visit  ( 1906) 
stated  that  the  birds  were  being  rapidly  killed  by  the  cats. 
Our  visit  was  too  late  in  the  season  for  us  to  say  if  all  are 
gone  or  not. 

In  the  vicinity  of  the  spring  near  the  cypress  grove  the  party 
estimated  the  number  of  goats  at  5,000.  Naturally  the  water 
hole  was  in  a  foul  and  filthy  condition.  The  animals  have  in- 
creased to  a  prodigious  extent  since  they  were  first  "planted."^" 

There  are  two  stories  told  as  to  the  early  introduction  of  this 
pernicious  pest  on  Guadalupe.  One  has  it  that  the  early  whalers 
sailing  from  New  England  "planted"  goats  on  all  of  the  out- 
lying and  uninhabited  islands  in  their  track  in  order  to  provide 
a  supply  of  fresh  meat  for  their  crews  without  the  necessity 
of  visiting  a  port  where  risk  of  desertion  was  always  great. 
This  version  may  be  true,  but  when  Dr.  Palmer  was  on  the 
island  in  1875,  the  animals  were  there  but  had  not  increased 
sufficiently  to  cause  any  damage.  In  1885  Green^^  stated  there 
were  many  thousand. 

The  other  version  came  to  me  after  I  returned  to  San  Fran- 
cisco. It  was  related  to  me  by  one  John  McCormick.  One  of 
the  early  whalers,  Captain  Breen,  obtained  a  concession  from 
the  Mexican  Government  to  raise  goats  on  Guadalupe  and  in- 
troduced the  nucleus  of  a  herd  there  in  1872.  This  concession 
passed  to  Captain  Breen's  son  who  in  turn  willed  a  one-third 
interest  to  Felix  Franquient  and  two-thirds  to  Sammy  Solo- 
mon. EfiForts  to  confirm  this  story  were  unsuccessful.  Mr.  Mc- 
Cormick told  me  he  had  reports  that  there  were  several  million 
goats  on  the  island  and  when  informed  that  our  party  esti- 
mated the  number  at  40,000  to  60,000  his  interest  waned ! 

"  See  fi^re  in  Nat.  Geog.  Mag.,  Vol.  44,  No.  1,  July,  1923,  p.  84,  from  photograph 
by  J.   M.   Gallegos. 

"Bulletin  Calif.  Acad.   Sci.,  Vol.   1,   .■\ug.  29,   1885,  p.   215. 


236 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


However  the  goats  originally  reached  Guadalupe,  they  have 
increased  enormously  and  through  inbreeding  have  developed 
into  a  motley  race  colored  white,  red,  brown,  spotted,  blotched, 
and  black ;  curious  malformations  of  horns  have  also  resulted. 
They  are  at  perfect  ease  on  the  tablelands  of  the  top,  on  the 
perpendicular  cliffs  of  the  seashore  or  the  steep-walled  cavern- 
ous canons.  They  were  not  very  shy  at  the  time  of  our  visit. 
Two  of  them  took  up  a  station  on  the  face  of  a  vertical  cliff 
close  behind  our  camp  and  the  ledge  on  which  they  had  a  foot- 
ing was  so  narrow  they  apparently  could  not  turn  around  to 
get  back  the  way  they  went.  Their  bleating  was  somewhat 
annoying  at  times  but  finally  one  of  them  half  jumped,  half 
slid,  to  a  talus  slope  50  feet  below.  A  safe  landing  was  made 
and  the  goat  trotted  away  as  if  that  was  an  every-day  occur- 
rence. The  cowboy  propensities  of  one  of  our  deck  hands 
finally  became  irresistible  and  he  lassoed  the  other  animal  and 
hauled  it  down.^- 

Several  times  we  saw  goats  go  deliberately  to  the  sea  and 
drink,  and  we  were  satisfied  that  this  was  practically  the  only 
method  the  majority  of  them  have  of  quenching  their  thirst 
during  the  dry  season.  It  is  believed  that  many  of  them  never 
visit  the  sources  of  freshwater  on  the  island. 

The  party,  while  on  the  top  of  the  island,  collected  a  consid- 
erable supply  of  seeds  of  the  Guadalupe  cypress,  a  marvelously 
beautiful  and  graceful  tree,  entirely  distinct  from  all  other 
known  cypresses.  It  is  sometimes  called  "blue  cypress"  because 
of  the  blue-gray  color  of  the  foliage.  For  many  years,  the 
species  was  represented  in  California  only  by  a  few  beautiful 
specimens  on  the  grounds  of  the  state  capitol  at  Sacramento, 
two  smaller  ones  in  Golden  Gate  Park,  San  Francisco,  and 
some  others  in  Balboa  Park,  San  Diego.  None  of  these  had 
ever  produced  seed.  Therefore,  Mr.  John  McLaren,  Superin- 
tendent of  Golden  Gate  Park,  was  very  grateful  for  the  supply 
of  seeds  brought  back  to  him.  A  great  many  of  them  grew  un- 
der the  expert  attention  they  received  and  may  be  exi>ected  to 
furnish  shade  to  the  children  of  the  park  long  after  the  last 
one  on  Guadalupe  has  been  "barked"  and  killed  by  the  goats. 
Those  who  saw  the  grove  there  in  1922  stated  that  no  small 


"  See  figure  in   Nat.  Geog.  Mag.,  Vol.  44,  No.   1,  p.  82,  July,   1923. 


Vol.  XIV]  HAXMA— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  237 

trees  were  found  at  all.  The  goats  evidently  eat  every  seedling 
which  starts.  In  addition  they  had  peeled  the  bark  from  many 
of  the  large  trees  to  a  point  as  high  as  they  could  reach. 

The  presence  about  the  water  hole  on  top  of  the  island  of  a 
horse,  six  mules  and  14  burros  caused  considerable  astonish- 
ment to  the  party  some  of  whom  would  have  liked  immensely 
to  have  received  some  assistance  from  these  sturdy  animals 
before  they  succeeded  in  negotiating  the  steep  descent  of  the 
mountain.  They  reached  camp,  greatly  fatigued,  soon  after 
dark. 

Mr.  Anthony  and  I  rowed  south  from  the  landing,  six  or 
seven  miles  in  order  to  make  a  careful  search  in  the  water  and 
on  land  for  fur  seals  but  the  quest  was  fruitless. 

We  landed  at  the  first  large  caiion  south  of  the  buildings  and 
spent  two  hours  collecting  on  shore.  Signs  of  house  mice 
showed  that  these  animals  were  excessively  abundant.  The 
rock  slides  were  occupied  by  numerous  Kaeding's  petrels. 
These  birds  are  chiefly  nocturnal  in  their  movements  on  land, 
and  each  night  at  our  camp  we  heard  them  chattering  among 
the  rocks  and  canons.  Several  were  attracted  to  the  lights  on 
the  ship  and  were  captured  easily.  They  are  evidently  not  as 
expert  on  the  wing  as  one  would  be  led  to  expect  by  watching 
the  birds  gracefully  skim  the  waves  of  the  open  sea ;  Mr.  Slevin 
found  two  dried  carcasses  impinged  on  the  thorns  of  the 
"cholla"  cactus. 

On  July  14  Messrs.  Anthony,  Slevin,  Terron,  Barnhart, 
Tose  and  I  rowed  southward  to  a  large  caiion  (Esparsa 
Caiion)  which  opens  to  the  sea  about  three  miles  south  of  the 
Northeast  Anchorage.  The  primary  object  was  to  secure  seeds 
of  the  palm  trees,  about  1,000  of  which  grew  above  an  eleva- 
tion of  750  feet  at  this  place.  No  ripe  seeds  were  found  and 
small  trees  which  could  possibly  be  transplanted  were  missing. 
Evidently  not  a  new  tree  has  started  for  a  great  many  years, 
another  blot  against  the  goats.    (See  pi.  19,  fig.  2.) 

We  succeeded  in  collecting  a  few  other  species  of  plants 
which  the  goats  could  not  reach.  Our  method  was  to  scale  a 
cliff  as  far  as  possible  and  then  shoot  a  fragment  of  the  plant 
from  its  place  of  growth.  Practically  nothing  edible  for  the 
goats  could  be  reached  by  us ;  they  are  better  cliff  climbers 


238  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  s'th  Ser. 

than  we.  Several  things  indicated  that  there  might  be  fresh 
water  underground  in  this  canon  or  as  springs  farther  up. 

The  remainder  of  the  party  either  worked  in  camp  or  in  that 
vicinity  during  the  day. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  July  15  Messrs.  Terron,  Anthony, 
Slevin,  the  engineer  of  the  Tccatc  and  I  went  to  the  top  of  the 
pine  ridge,  a  knife-like  promontory  2,500  to  4,000  feet  high, 
on  the  northwest  end  of  the  island.  We  ascended  from  the  first 
canon  north  of  the  Northeast  Anchorage  and  followed  the  crest 
of  the  ridge  southeast  about  three  miles. 

Enormous,  senile,  wide  spreading  pines  were  very  common 
on  the  top;  some  of  them  were  beautiful  specimens  but  many 
were  dead  or  dying  and  a  great  many  more  had  fallen.  When 
we  stopped  on  our  southward  march  the  pines  were  growing 
scarcer  and  the  beautiful  Guadalupe  oak  had  appeared  in  con- 
siderable numbers. 

Both  of  these  trees  are  peculiar  to  Guadalupe  and  it  is  said 
there  is  not  a  living  specimen  of  the  oak  elsewhere  and  very 
few  pines.  We  were  very  anxious  to  secure  acorns  but  system- 
atic search  failed  to  reveal  a  single  one.  We  even  climbed 
numerous  trees  in  hopes  of  finding  one  lodged  in  a  crotch  or 
cavity  but  this  failed.  One  botanist  has  stated  that  the  acorns 
of  this  oak  are  the  largest  in  existence  so  we  were  greatly  dis- 
appointed in  our  failure. 

With  the  pines  we  were  more  successful  and  a  large  supply 
of  cones  was  brought  back.  As  with  the  cypresses  and  palms, 
the  goats  have  for  many  years  effectually  prevented  any  new 
growth  and  if  some  one  does  not  succeed  in  transplanting  the 
oak  this  beautiful  species  in  a  few  more  years  will  be  forever 
lost. 

The  top  of  this  ridge  and  a  considerable  distance  down  on 
the  seaward  side  is  bathed  in  almost  constant  fog.  It  was  only 
between  banks  of  this  that  we  were  able  to  get  a  glimpse,  now 
and  then,  of  the  country  round  about  and  to  take  some  pic- 
tures. The  trees  condense  a  great  deal  of  moisture  from  these 
clouds  and  underneath  many  of  them  the  ground  was  very 
moist. 

Sr.  Cuesta-Terron  suggested  that  if  Guadalupe  could  be 
made  a  government  reservation  it  should  be  possible  to  fence 


Vol.  XIV]  HAXNA— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  239 

certain  favorable  forested  areas  of  all  the  species  of  trees  and 
thus  keep  the  goats  out.  If  this  admirable  idea  can  be  carried 
out  it  no  doubt  will  serve  to  perpetuate  in  their  native  habitat 
the  five  species  which  are  otherwise  doomed  to  certain  extinc- 
tion when  the  present  generation  of  individuals  is  gone.  These 
are  the  oak,  pine,  palm,  cypress,  and  cedar. 

We  found  none  of  the  beautiful  undergrowth  of  shrubs  and 
succulent  plants  of  this  forest  which  was  so  fascinating  to  Dr. 
Palmer  50  years  before.  It  is  believed  that  about  100  native, 
endemic  species  of  plants  may  have  been  entirely  exterminated 
by  the  goats  in  this  time. 

We  were  greatly  disappointed  at  finding  no  flickers,  wrens 
or  towhees.  The  dusky  kinglet  was  also  not  seen  although  it 
had  previously  been  found  in  the  trees  we  visited.  We  did  see 
about  15  individuals  of  the  red-breasted  nuthatch  and  many 
Guadalupe  juncos.  Guadalupe  rock  wrens  and  Guadalupe  house 
finches  were  very  abundant.  Apparently  these  species  had  com- 
pleted the  rearing  of  young  for  the  year  and  no  eggs  were 
found.  Three  red-tailed  haw^ks  were  seen;  this  species  is  com- 
mon on  the  island  and  was  seen  almost  every  day.  A  great 
blue  heron  was  seen  on  shore. 

Messrs.  Tose  and  Hinkley  worked  closer  to  camp  during  the 
day  and  after  the  pine  ridge  party  had  returned  the  shore  camp 
was  broken  and  all  hands  went  on  board  the  Tecate  for  the 
night.  Mr.  Barnhart  had  spent  the  day  studying  the  fishes 
about  the  shores  near  camp.  Our  facilities  did  not  permit  the 
preservation  of  an  extensive  collection  of  this  interesting  group, 
a  fact  which  we  regretted  whenever  we  saw  the  intense  blue 
Azurina  hirundo  over  the  kelp  gardens.  Mr.  Anthony  had 
helped  to  collect  the  type  and  two  other  specimens  of  this*  beau- 
tiful fish  25  years  previously  and  they  still  remain  the  sole 
museum  records  of  the  species.  We  saw  considerable  numbers 
of  them,  but  never  many  at  one  time ;  they  persistently  refused 
to  take  any  bait  we  had  to  offer. 

One  of  the  most  striking  features  of  Guadalupe  was  the  very 
unusual  tameness  of  some  of  the  birds.  Rock  wrens'^  were  at 
almost  every  landing  and  juncos  and  finches  were  abundant 
among  the  trees.  (See  pi.  17,  fig.  2.)  All  three  species  were 
most  confiding  and  fearless  in  their  behavior.    If  we  sat  down 


See  figure  in  Nat.  Geog.  Mag.,  Vol.  44,  No.   1,  July,   1923,  p.  73. 


240  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIEXCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

to  eat  a  lunch  and  remained  motionless  for  a  few  minutes,  one 
or  more  of  them  would  alight  on  our  boots  or  hats.  The 
strange  part  of  it  is  that  the  cats  have  not  as  yet  exterminated 
these  species  as  well  as  some  others. 

This  habit  was  in  great  contrast  to  all  species  on  Cedros 
Island  visited  a  few  days  later.  There  the  birds,  all  species, 
were  so  wild  and  wary  that  it  was  almost  impossible  to  collect 
specimens.  I  know  of  no  explanation  of  these  facts.  Human 
beings  visit  one  island  as  often  as  the  other  and  probably  never 
have  the  small  birds  been  molested  in  either  place  other  than 
by  collectors. 

The  next  morning,  July  16,  at  eight  o'clock,  the  ship  got 
under  way  and  sailed  around  the  north  end  again  to  the  ele- 
phant seal  beach.  The  shore  and  caves  were  examined  closely 
by  rowing  along  just  outside  the  surf  line;  we  had  high  hopes 
of  being  as  fortunate  in  our  location  of  fur  seals  as  we  had  been 
with  elephant  seals  but  there  was  no  sign  of  the  objects  of  our 
search  on  this  end  of  the  island.  At  the  last  cave  before  reach- 
ing the  elephant  seal  beach  there  were  22  elephant  seals  hauled 
on  a  small  sand  bank  and  14  just  outside  in  the  water.  There 
appeared  to  be  more  of  the  animals  on  the  rookery  beach  than 
on  the  day  we  made  the  count  but  we  did  not  stop  to  check  the 
earlier  figures. 

Cruising  on  down  the  west  side  of  the  island  slowly  we 
examined  minutely  every  nook  and  corner  where  it  appeared 
at  all  likely  fur  seals  might  be.  At  one  p.  m.  we  anchored  off 
Jack's  Bay,  halfway  down  the  island  and  went  ashore  to  ex- 
amine the  ancient  fur-seal  rookery  ground.  Here  was  located 
originally  a  rookery  with  as  many  animals  on  it  as  any  of  the 
largest  breeding  grounds  of  the  Pribilof  Islands. 

The  boundaries  of  the  great  rookery  could  be  traced  almost 
exactly  by  the  smooth  and  polished  rocks  which  had  been  worn 
this  way  by  the  trampling  of  thousands  upon  thousands  of  flip- 
pers for  many,  many  years.  At  the  western  end  of  the  rookery 
there  was  the  outline  of  the  hauling  ground  for  the  adolescent 
males,  the  bachelors,  extending  far  back  of  the  beach  line. 
And  back  of  it  there  was  a  canon  with  a  causeway,  fenced  off 
with  built-up  rocks  and  logs  of  the  native  palm  tree.  The  latter 
were  thoroughly  decayed  showing  that  a  great  many  years 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  241 

had  elapsed  since  they  were  put  in  place.  At  the  upper  end  of 
the  causeway  on  a  little  tableland  was  a  corral,  partially  demol- 
ished. 

The  rookery  proper  occupied  a  fringe  on  a  boulder  beach 
about  half  a  mile  long  lying  east  of  the  hauling  ground.  In 
front,  and  awash  during  the  highest  waves,  there  is  a  rough 
and  jagged  lava  reef.  The  tide  pools  of  this  undoubtedly  fur- 
nished admirable  places  for  the  young  pups  to  learn  to  swim. 
At  the  eastern  end  of  the  rookery  was  what  appeared  to  be  the 
killing  ground  and  a  flat  smooth  area  for  pegging  out  the  skins 
to  dry.  In  the  early  days  of  fur-seal  work  this  method  of 
curing  was  employed  instead  of  the  use  of  salt  which  has  been 
used  now  for  about  75  3^ears.  At  the  eastern  end  of  the  rookery 
were  the  rock  walls  of  eight  houses.  No  framework  was  left. 
They  were  probably  covered  with  the  skins  of  the  elephant 
seals. 

We  could  not  walk  over  this  deserted  ground  without  form- 
ing a  picture  of  the  grand  sight  it  must  have  been  when  the 
first  visitors  built  their  rude  huts  and  began  the  relentless 
slaughter  of  the  fur-seal  herd.  Those  who  are  familiar  with 
the  history  of  the  Alaska  fur-seal  herd  know  what  a  waste 
there  has  been.  It  is  recorded  that  the  killing  was  done  by 
Aleutian  islanders  brought  down  by  the  intrepid  Yankee  sailors 
for  the  purpose.  The  Aleutians  were  under  the  domination  of 
Russia  at  that  time  and  the  Americans  were  able  to  arrange  to 
do  the  work  on  shares ;  they  were  navigators,  the  Russians 
were  not.  It  appears  that  parties  of  the  Alaskan  natives  were 
landed  with  water  at  the  rookery  grounds  and  there  left  to 
make  the  season's  catch.  After  the  work  was  done  the  ship 
returned  for  them  and  took  them  away  again.  Evidently  the 
greatest  need  was  for  water  and  a  well  had  been  dug  near  the 
buildings.  It  had  caved  in  badly  and  showed  no  sign  of  moist- 
ure of  any  kind  in  the  bottom. 

It  was  here  at  Jack's  Bay  that  Dr.  Charles  H.  Townsend 
collected  four  fragmentary  skulls  of  fur  seals  in  1888.  They 
were  found  to  represent  a  species  decidedly  distinct  from  the 
Alaska  fur  seal ;  in  fact  they  were  more  closely  related  to  those 
that  live  in  the  Antarctic  regions  than  to  those  of  the  Arctic. 
The  Guadalupe  species  was  named  Arctocephalus  townsendi  by 


242  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Dr.  Merriam,  and  the  four  skulls  in  the  original  collection 
form  the  sole  representation  of  the  species  in  the  world.  Al- 
though many  people  have  searched  for  the  species  since,  it 
appears  to  be  extinct. 

In  going  over  the  rookery  ground  we  had  expectations  of 
finding  bones  but  were  disappointed.  It  appears  that  in  this 
desert  air  bones  disintegrate  very  rapidly  and  fall  to  a  powder. 
Even  some  bones  of  goats  were  almost  completely  destroyed 
and  they  could  not  have  been  there  longer  ago  than  about  1880. 
The  great  fur-seal  rookeries  were  exploited  chiefly  between  the 
years  1800  and  1810. 

Here  at  Jack's  Bay  Messrs.  Slevin  and  Tose  collected  vari- 
ous and  sundry  species  of  insects  and  shells  and  succeeded  in 
getting  one  house  mouse.  This  is  a  dry,  barren  part  of  the 
island  and  the  mice  have  lived  here  for  many  generations, 
without  water  the  greater  part  of  the  time,  yet  they  do  not 
appear  to  differ  from  this  pest  elsewhere. 

I  here  succeeded  in  finding  in  the  rock  pools  a  few  indi- 
viduals of  the  marine  shell  Uvanilla  regina  Stearns,  a  beautiful 
species  originally  found  on  Guadalupe  and  not  certainly  known 
elsewhere. 

That  afternoon  we  sailed  slowly  down  the  remainder  of 
the  west  side  of  the  island  but  finding  nothing  of  importance 
we  anchored  in  the  bight  known  as  "South  Anchorage"  for  the 
night. 

Two  fair-sized  islets  at  the  south  end  of  Guadalupe  known 
as  Inner  and  Outer  islands  were  examined  minutely  for  fur 
seals  but  none  was  found.  On  a  shelf  of  Inner  Island  we  saw 
14  California  sea  lions  sleeping  quietly  in  their  solitude. 

These  islands  are  very  interesting  geologically.  One  is  built 
of  lava,  like  most  of  Guadalupe,  and  is  a  crater,  bowl-shaped 
on  the  inside.  The  sea  has  eaten  into  the  rocks  so  that  a  per- 
pendicular wall  is  left  all  around.  Next  day  from  an  elevation 
on  Guadalupe  we  could  see  water  inside  the  crater,  but  whether 
it  was  fresh  or  salt  could  not  be  determined.  The  other  island 
rises  out  of  the  water,  a  sheer  monolith  with  perpendicular 
walls  going  down  into  deep  water.  This  one  was  composed  of 
a  light  brown  massive  rock  very  decidedly  different  from  the 
stratified  lava  of  which  the  crater  is  built. 


Vol.  XIV] 


HANNA—EXPEDITIOX  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND 


243 


In  the  early  morning  of  July  17  Messrs.  Anthony,  Tose, 
Hinkley,  Barnhart  and  I  went  over  the  reef  ground  near 
South  Anchorage,  this  being  an  excellent  hauling  place  for  fur 
seals  should  any  be  around,  but  not  a  sign  of  an  animal  was 
found. 


Fig.  2.  Sketch  of  South  Rookery,  an  abandoned  fur  seal  breeding  ground  on 
Guadalupe  Island. — 1,  Steep  escarpment  leading  to  high  land  above. 
— 2,  Main  rookery  ground,  excessively  rough  with  blocks  and  boulders 
of  lava;  many  worn  smooth  and  polished  from  trampling  of  the  fur 
seals. — 3,  A  wrecked  dory. — 4,  Squares  represent  walls  of  human 
habitations. — 5,  Trail  leading  to  smooth  tableland  about  50  feet 
above  level  of  rookery. — 6,  Smooth  sandy  area  used  for  pegging  out 
seal  skins  to  dry. — 7,  Round,  flat  topped  piles  of  stones,  presumably 
used  for  platforms  for  piling  skins. 

At  one  time  this  area  was  occupied  by  a  vast  rookery  of 
Guadalupe  fur  seals.  As  at  Jack's  Bay  the  boundaries  were 
plainly  traceable  by  the  flipper-polished  rocks.  The  rookery 
occupied  a  stretch  of  coastline  at  least  three-fourths  of  a  mile 
long,  the  rocks  being  greatly  worn;  evidently  the  ground  was 
occupied  for  a  very  long  period  of  time  and  if  this  feature  be 
a  safe  means  of  estimating  the  age  of  a  rookery,  then  Guada- 


244  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

lupe  was  inhabited  much  before  the  Pribilof  Islands  by  the 
herds  there. 

On  top  of  a  tableland  was  a  smoothed-off  area  used  as  a 
pegging-out  ground,  in  many  cases  the  pegs  were  still  present 
but  grealy  worn  by  the  wind  blown  sand.  Piles  of  boulders, 
carefully  arranged  in  circles  may  have  been  used  as  a  place  to 
put  the  fresh  skins  before  pegging  to  keep  them  clean  and  free 
of  sand ;  no  other  use  could  be  thought  of  to  which  they  might 
have  been  put.    (See  pi.  15,  fig.  2.) 

Near  the  beach  line  there  were  the  remains  of  the  stone 
walls  of  nine  houses,  similar  in  every  way  to  those  previously 
seen  at  Jack's  Bay.    (See  pi.  17,  fig.  1.) 

The  country  at  this  end  of  the  island  is  an  exceedingly  bar- 
ren desert,  where  even  the  goats  find  difficulty  in  maintaining 
an  existence.  The  uplands  were  very  rough  and  rugged  with 
strewn  lava  and  in  one  patch  of  this  a  little  cactus  belonging  to 
the  genus  Mammillaria  was  collected.  Until  then  the  only  other 
form  of  this  group  found  was  the  "cholla." 

Under  some  vegetation  near  the  beach  Mr.  Slevin  and  I  col- 
lected two  species  of  Hemiptera  and  two  beetles  we  had  not 
previously  found  on  the  island. 

In  the  afternoon  we  continued  slowly  with  the  ship  up  the 
eastern  side  of  the  island,  examining  the  shores  very  carefully 
for  fur  seals.  About  two  miles  north  of  the  south  end  of  the 
island  we  found  more  ancient  rookery  ground,  the  occupied 
area  being  only  about  one-half  mile  long,  but  near  by  were  the 
remains  of  19  houses.  Evidently  this  was  the  most  favorably 
located  of  the  rookeries  for  human  habitation  although  we 
could  see  little  reason  for  choice  in  the  matter.  Probably  the 
workmen  here  walked  across  to  the  other  rookeries  for  sealing 
work. 

Of  course  we  were  much  disappointed  at  finding  no  living 
fur  seals.  It  would  seem  that  if  the  last  hunters  had  left  any 
breeding  animals  at  all,  they  would  have  increased  sufficiently 
by  now  to  have  been  seen  under  the  close  scrutiny  we  gave  the 
shores.  The  absence  of  bones  on  the  old  killing  fields  and 
rookeries  also  disappointed  us  because  we  had  hoped  to  be  able 
to  add  at  least  some  pwDrtions  of  skeletons  to  the  collections. 

After  we  had  cruised  northward  along  the  eastern  shore  to 
the  point  where  we  left  off  with  the  rowboat  a  few  days  before, 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  245 

the  ship  was  headed  for  San  Qiiintin  Bay  on  the  peninsula 
of  Lower  California. 

This  we  reached  at  two  p.  m.  of  July  18  and  Messrs.  An- 
thon}-,  Tose,  Slevin,  Barnhart  and  I  went  ashore  to  collect  on 
the  west  side  of  the  bay. 

Miscellaneous  specimens  of  various  kinds  were  taken,  among 
which  were  a  rattlesnake  and  a  lizard,  found  by  Mr.  Slevin. 
These  pleased  him  very  much  because  up  to  this  time  he  had 
not  gotten  anything  for  the  Department  of  Herpetology.  He 
had  been  unable  to  verify  the  vague  reports  of  the  lizard  on 
Guadalupe.^* 

The  remainder  of  our  party  went  ashore  on  the  east  side  of 
the  bay  at  the  village  to  arrange  for  the  use  of  an  automobile 
the  following  day. 

The  next  morning,  July  19,  Messrs.  Angulo,  Cuesta-Terron, 
Anthony,  Slevin  and  I  secured  a  light  automobile  in  the  village 
of  San  Quintin  for  use  during  the  day.  Mr.  Green,  the  post- 
master, owned  the  machine  and  we  drove  northeastward  about 
15  miles,  diagonally  across  a  level  plain,  then  over  gently  roll- 
ing hills  to  the  mouth  of  a  cafion  which  comes  out  of  higher 
mountainous  country  to  the  eastward.  At  the  mouth  of  the 
canon  there  is  a  huge  land-mark  in  the  form  of  a  red  rock 
escarpment  and  near  by  a  well  kept  farm  has  the  name  "Red 
Rock  Ranch."  We  were  treated  to  huge  figs,  four  inches  long, 
delicious  watermelons  and  tomatoes,  all  irrigated  with  water 
from  the  stream  in  the  cafion. 

From  the  ranch  we  drove  up  this  stream  about  three  miles 
to  the  Mission  of  Santo  Domingo,  once  a  populous  and  impor- 
tant station  on  the  line  of  civilized  habitations  from  the  capital 
of  Lower  and  Upper  California,  Loreto,  to  San  Francisco, 
Now  a  few  natives  were  left  and  they  seemed  to  be  fairly 
prosperous,  with  well  kept  farms  and  houses.  Conspicuous 
among  the  buildings  was  a  schoolhouse  which  would  be  a 
credit  to  many  small  communities  in  the  United  States.  The 
"dobe"  walls  of  the  mission  yard  were  mostly  in  ruins  but  one 
of  the  buildings  was  still  well  kept  and  was  used  regularly 
for  church  services, 

"  See  Green,  Bulletin  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  Vol.  1,  1885,  p.  220,  who  reported  having 
seen  "two  or  three  small  lizards."  Mr.  Slevin  thinks  that  if  a  species  of  lizard  did 
once  live  on  the  island  it  is  probable  that  the  cats  have  destroyed  them  all  by  now. 

September  5,   1925 


246  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Collecting  in  this  vicinity  was  not  particularly  encouraging 
so  we  returned  early  to  the  plains  where  a  few  antelope  ground 
squirrels  were  taken  as  they  rested,  bird  fashion,  in  the  tops 
of  the  sage  brush.  Also  just  before  dusk  Captain  Angulo  and 
others  derived  considerable  pleasure  in  securing  some  jack 
rabbits  for  us  for  specimens.  I  had  missed  an  easy  rifle  shot 
at  a  coyote  early  in  the  afternoon  and  it  took  me  some  time  to 
recover. 

The  village  of  San  Quintin  consisted  of  a  few  miscellaneous 
houses,  the  most  conspicuous  of  which  was  the  old  "Company 
House."  Many  years  before,  this  had  been  the  scene  of  con- 
siderable activity  by  a  "colonization"  company  but  it  did  not 
turn  out  well.  Mr.  Anthony  had  been  with  the  company  as  a 
surve3^or  and  had  collected  many  valuable  specimens  of  birds 
in  this  vicinity.  The  place  was  also  interesting  to  those  of  us 
from  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  because  our  Secre- 
tary, Mr.  W.  W.  Sargeant,  had  also  been  on  hand  with  the 
first  contingent  of  "settlers." 

While  we  were  working  on  the  east  side  of  the  bay,  Messrs. 
Gallegos,  Tose,  Hinkley  and  Barnhart  collected  on  the  west 
side  and  secured  many  valuable  specimens. 

On  July  20,  Messrs.  Anthony,  Gallegos,  Slevin,  Barnhart 
and  Tose  worked  on  the  west  side  of  the  bay  adding  many 
more  specimens  to  our  rapidly  growing  collection. 

I  found  it  profitable  to  visit  some  low  cliffs,  not  over  20  feet 
high,  on  the  east  side  of  the  bay  and  just  south  of  the  village. 
Here  I  succeeded  in  getting  a  very  large  collection  of  fossil 
shells  consisting  of  several  thousand  specimens. 

The  geology  in  the  vicinity  of  San  Quintin  is  comparatively 
simple.  In  late  Pleistocene  the  present  bay  was  a  broad  inden- 
tation of  the  sea  and  ocean-living  species  were  very  abundant. 
Subsequent  elevation  raised  the  bottom  on  the  east  side  in  a 
broad  fold.  The  preservation  of  the  fossil  shells  is  excellent, 
many  of  them  retaining  some  of  the  original  coloration.  How 
far  back  toward  the  foothills  this  embayment  extended  cannot 
be  determined  but  probably  it  went  to  the  first  terrace,  the  be- 
ginning of  a  long  series  of  rolling  hills  or  mesa.  This  terrace 
is  said  also  to  contain  fossils  but  none  were  secured.  It  is 
probably  much  older  than  the  outcrops  on  the  bay.   The  moun- 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  247 

tainous  country  to  the  east  of  this  terrace  is  metamorphic,  the 
age  not  having  been  determined. 

On  the  west  side  of  the  bay  there  is  a  chain  of  low  volcanic 
cones  not  over  300  feet  high.  Lava  has  spread  outward  from 
these  as  far  as  the  bay  shore  and  on  top  of  a  broad  shelf  of  this 
there  are  other  Pleistocene  marine  sediments  but  with  a  dif- 
ferent set  of  fossils.  Among  those  collected  were  some  huge 
Schizotherous  clams,  fully  eight  inches  long. 

The  broad  plain  east  of  the  bay  was  once  occupied  by  great 
numbers  of  deer  and  antelope  but  they  have  almost  disappeared 
on  account  of  the  activities  of  "sportsmen"  from  further  north, 
and  hunters  employed  by  mining  companies  to  provide  fresh 
meat  for  their  camps. 

On  July  21  we  completed  our  work  at  San  Ouintin  Bay. 
Messrs.  Anthony,  Slevin,  Tose,  Gallegos,  Hinkley  and  I  all 
worked  at  collecting  on  the  west  side.  A  few  insects  were 
found  but  no  species  was  abundant.  Coyotes,  wood  rats,  and 
rabbits  were  abundant,  as  well  as  several  species  of  desert  field 
mice.  One  of  the  rarities  collected  was  a  very  small  species  of 
shrew.  Birds  were  very  scarce  about  the  bush-covered  hills, 
Bell's  sparrow  being  the  dominant  form.  Mr.  Slevin  succeeding 
in  securing  eight  rattlesnakes  for  the  collection,  a  few  of  them 
being  taken  by  other  members  of  the  party.  There  is  no  ques- 
tion but  experience  in  this  as  in  other  lines  makes  for  efficiency. 
He  seemed  to  know  just  which  brush  thickets  to  explore  and 
with  his  little  .22  caliber  shot  pistol  he  captured  three  other 
species  of  snakes  as  well  as  a  large  number  of  lizards  belonging 
to  five  or  more  species. 

Three  species  of  land  snails  were  very  common  among  the 
brush  thickets  on  the  west  side,  the  most  noticeable  one  being 
the  large  Micrarionta  stearnsiana  here  about  to  the  southern 
extremity  of  its  range. 

We  left  the  bay  at  four  p.  m.  and  slowly  made  our  way  out 
through  the  tortuous  channel  at  the  entrance.  This  is  so  diffi- 
cult to  follow  that  it  would  be  dangerous  for  a  boat  much 
larger  than  the  Tecate  or  for  a  navigator  unfamiliar  with  the 
water. 

During  the  night  Mr.  Barnhart  took  water  and  plankton 
samples  at  regular  intervals  on  the  way  to  Cedros  Island.    I 


248  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

relieved  him  at  five  a.  m.  At  one  place  a  peculiar  temperature 
condition  was  found ;  this  dropped  about  five  degrees  in  a  dis- 
tance of  eight  miles  and  rose  suddenly  on  the  opposite  side. 
This  was  interpreted  to  mean  a  submarine  obstruction  to  the 
free  flow  of  currents  and  a  consequent  "up-welling"  of  the 
colder  waters  from  below. 

At  eight  a.  m.  of  July  22  we  were  in  sight  of  Cedros  Island 
and  the  east  shore  was  followed  southward.  The  sea  was  with- 
out a  ripple  and  as  we  cruised  close  in  shore  we  were  able  to 
note  some  of  the  interesting  features  of  this  remarkable  island. 
Near  the  north  end  we  passed  the  site  of  a  copper  and  gold 
mine,  abandoned  long  ago.  It  was  visited  later  and  notes  were 
made  of  surroundings. 

Nearly  every  slightly  elevated  rocky  pinnacle  or  promontory 
along  the  shore  was  occupied  by  a  pair  of  ospreys  with  their 
nest.  In  some  of  these  young  birds  could  be  seen,  almost  as 
large  as  their  parents. 

About  halfway  between  the  north  end  and  the  Grand  Caiion 
in  the  center  of  the  island,  a  crosswise  fault  extends  northwest. 
On  the  south  side  of  this  break  what  appeared  to  be  Tertiary 
sediments  had  been  elevated  about  200  feet  above  the  sea.  This 
deposit  extends  southward  about  two  miles  and  is  lost  beneath 
the  sea  due  to  another  fault.  This  elevation  is  entirely  distinct 
from  another  which  has  lifted  the  greater  part  of  the  east  side 
of  the  island  out  of  the  water  about  20  feet.  The  old  beach 
line  was  plainly  seen  from  the  ship. 

At  noon  we  landed  near  the  south  end  of  the  island  where 
Bernstein  Brothers  of  San  Quintin  and  San  Diego  have  an 
abalone  packing  plant.  They  have  two  outlying  collecting 
camps  with  two  divers  each  and  enough  of  these  fine  mollusks 
are  obtained  to  keep  14  shore  men  employed. 

The  plant  consisted  of  boiler,  cooking  vats,  and  wire  drying 
frames.  Canning  machinery  and  a  dock  were  in  course  of  in- 
stallation. They  had  a  large  launch  which  made  regular  runs 
to  San  Diego  and  two  smaller  ones  to  attend  the  collecting 
camps. 

The  abalones  were  brought  in  in  the  shell  and  consisted 
chiefly  of  the  species,  Haliottis  corrugata.  The  meats  were 
cooked  three  times  in  boiling  water  at  intervals  of  a  week  or 


Vol.  XIV]  HANN A— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  249 

two.  Between  times  they  were  dried  in  the  sun  on  the  wire 
netting,  the  entire  process  taking  about  six  weeks. 

The  meat  when  dry  is  hard  as  a  piece  of  untanned  leather 
and  is  brown  in  color  but  it  has  a  very  agreeable  flavor.  The 
product  is  shipped  to  China  and  Hawaii,  some  of  the  shells 
going  elsewhere  to  various  markets.  It  was  stated  by  the 
Superintendent,  Mr.  Charles  Bernstein,  that  five  tons  of  fresh 
meat  made  one  ton  dried. 

In  the  afternoon  all  of  the  party  went  ashore  for  collecting. 
Most  of  us  followed  the  pipe  line  inland  about  two  miles  and 
thence  another  mile  to  a  large  spring.  Here  a  permanent  sup- 
ply of  very  good  water  is  had.  At  the  source  a  very  consid- 
erable area  is  grown  up  with  rank  water  vegetation  and  no 
doubt  the  accumulation  of  this  through  years  has  retarded  the 
flow  of  water  somewhat.  If  it  were  cleaned  out  probably  a 
sufficient  supply  could  be  had  for  much  greater  industrial  needs 
or  even  a  limited  amount  of  irrigation. 

Tracks  of  deer  and  goats  were  abundant  about  the  spring 
and  a  few  small  trees  cast  a  most  welcome  shade.  Birds  were 
excessively  scarce  and  so  wild  as  to  be  almost  unobtainable. 
Some  rather  interesting  insects  were  found,  among  others  be- 
ing a  huge  dragonfly  four  inches  long.  Numerous  land  shells 
peculiar  to  Cedros  Island  were  picked  from  certain  desert 
plants.  They  were  hibernating  in  closely-sealed  shells.  In  the 
spring,  large  numbers  of  a  minute  freshwater  gastropod  were 
found,  probably  belonging  to  the  genus  Paludestrina.  Also 
there  and  in  the  stream  leading  to  the  pipe  line  entrance,  Mr. 
Slevin  collected  numerous  specimens  of  a  small  frog. 

Here  we  made  our  first  acquaintance  with  that  strange  mon- 
strosity, the  elephant  tree  of  Cedros.  It  grows  very  close  to  the 
ground,  the  highest  being  not  more  than  about  12  feet  tall.  At 
the  base  many  of  them  were  fully  two  feet  in  diameter  and  the 
thick  club-shaped  limbs  taper  rapidly  to  nothing.  The  trees 
had  shed  their  leaves  but  were  in  full  bloom,  each  one  a  gor- 
geous mass  of  beautiful  pink. 

We  made  a  much  more  extended  stay  on  Cedros  on  our  re- 
turn and  detailed  observations  will  be  left  until  we  come  to 
that.  But  that  evening  Mr.  Anthony  and  I  put  out  many  traps 
hoping  to  catch  a  very  small  pocket  gopher  which  I  saw  during 


250  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

the  afternoon.  Our  attempt  was  futile,  but  we  did  capture  a 
lizard  in  our  trap  which  Mr.  Slevin  stated  had  not  previously 
been  taken  on  Cedros.  Strange  to  say,  he  did  not  get  another 
specimen. 

At  seven  a.  m.  of  July  23  we  sailed  for  Magdalena  Bay,  far 
to  the  southward.  Between  Natividad  Island  and  the  peninsula 
great  numbers  of  cormorants  were  flying  from  east  to  west  in 
long  flocks.  For  half  an  hour  they  passed  at  a  rate  conserva- 
tively estimated  at  100  per  minute. 

Many  petrels  and  shearwaters  were  seen  but  no  albatrosses 
cared  to  follow  us  south  of  Cedros  Island.  During  the  day 
we  sailed  for  hours  through  loose  flocks  of  red  phalaropes. 
They  were  evidently  southward  bound  but  found  time  to  en- 
gage busily  in  catching  minute  animal  life  from  the  surface  of 
the  sea  for  food. 

On  July  24  we  had  four  hours'  delay  out  at  sea  due  to  engine 
trouble,  but  our  engineer  seemed  to  be  able  to  apply  the  proper 
remedy  and  we  continued  later  to  Magdalena  Bay,  arriving 
after  nightfall.  During  our  stop  at  sea  a  collection  of  surface 
dwelling  organisms  was  secured  with  a  dip  net.  Among  the 
interesting  forms  thus  secured  were  several  larval  fishes; 
among  them  we  were  able  to  identify  pipe  fishes,  flying  fishes, 
and  the  bonito  or  skipjack  of  the  mackerel  family.  Some  of 
these  were  barely  out  of  the  egg  and  they  offer  a  possible  clue 
to  the  breeding  area  of  the  tuna  for  which  the  naturalists  of 
the  U.  S.  S.  Albatross  searched  in  vain  for  several  years. 

We  passed  Cape  San  Lazaro  as  the  sun  settled  behind  a 
bank  of  clouds  on  the  western  horizon  leaving  the  brilliantly 
shining  stars  to  light  a  tranquil  sea.  The  atmosphere,  the 
water,  everything  about  us  told  us  in  unmistakable  terms  that 
we  were  approaching  the  tropics. 

As  we  entered  the  bay  we  passed  close  to  Sail  Rock,  a  target 
for  the  U.  S.  Navy  in  other  days,  and  at  nine-thirty  p.  m.  we 
anchored  in  front  of  the  village  of  Magdalena. 

During  the  trip  down  from  Cedros  Island  whales  were 
sighted  only  twice.  The  scarcity  of  these  cetaceans  was  a 
surprise  because  it  was  in  these  waters  that  much  of  the  pelagic 
whale  industry  was  concentrated  during  the  early  part  of  the 
19th  century. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANN A— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  251 

Swordfish  and  tuna  were  common  on  the  way  down  and  we 
caught  a  few  bonito  and  skipjack  on  the  gig.  Some  of  the 
bonito  contained  ripe  eggs  indicating  that  the  spawning  season 
was  at  hand. 

Man-o-war  birds,  Heermann's  gulls,  elegant  terns  and  brown 
pelicans  came  to  meet  us  when  we  were  about  15  miles  out 
from  the  bay.  In  the  late  evening  red  phalaropes  settled  abun- 
dantly on  the  water ;  some  of  them  still  retained  the  red  plum- 
age of  the  breeding  season.  A  black-footed  albatross  sailed 
past  us  in  the  afternoon  and  after  one  look  departed  in  disgust. 
Least,  Soccoro,  black  and  Kaeding's  petrels  were  common  all 
day,  their  lazy  but  tireless  flight  often  being  the  only  sign  of 
life  on  a  glassy  sea. 

In  the  morning  of  July  25  Messrs.  Tose  and  Hinkley  went 
south  from  the  village  along  the  bay  shore  and  by  noon  had 
collected  about  20  birds. 

Mr.  Anthony  and  I  went  north  to  a  mangrove  swamp  where 
four  hours  were  spent  in  the  almost  impenetrable  tangle,  often 
up  to  the  waist  in  mud  and  water.  In  this  we  succeeded  in 
securing  three  specimens  of  the  rare  mangrove  warbler  but 
did  not  get  one  of  the  rails  which  we  could  hear  from  time  to 
time.  It  is  said  that  these  birds  blend  into  their  surroundings 
so  perfectly  that  it  is  only  by  long  experience  that  the  collector 
is  able  to  secure  them  with  regularity. 

Mr.  Slevin  worked  north  of  the  village  and  took  about  70 
lizards  and  two  snakes. 

Magdalena  Bay  is  so  large  that  the  eastern  shore  cannot  be 
seen  from  the  village  on  the  west  side.  North  and  south  there 
is  inland  water  for  about  100  miles,  much  of  it  shoal  but  the 
anchoring  ground  is  large  and  safe.  There  are  a  great  many 
sand  and  mud  flats  and  lagoons  lined  with  mangroves  and 
coarse  grasses.  In  these  lagoons  there  were  formerly  great 
numbers  of  turtles  and  their  bones  and  shells  still  line  the 
beaches.  California  gray  whales  used  to  visit  the  lagoons  but 
the  species  now  appears  virtually  extinct.  Porpoises,  however, 
were  often  seen  in  the  bay  waters. 

The  village  of  Magdalena  consists  of  several  frame  houses 
and  concrete  warehouses.  It  was  established  as  a  concession 
granted  to  a  colonization  company,  not  now  in  existence.    The 


252  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser, 

chief  source  of  revenue  was  the  lichen  called  "Orchilla."  This 
grows  luxuriantly  on  cactus  and  other  desert  plants  of  the 
region  and  was  shipped  to  Germany  for  use  in  dye  manufac- 
ture until  chemists  working  with  coal  tar  derivatives  obtained 
better  colors.  Boats  seldom  call  at  the  village  any  more.  A 
company  of  marines  located  here  had  just  completed  the  erec- 
tion of  a  radio  station. 

Water  has  to  be  brought  by  boat  from  the  east  side  of  the 
bay,  there  being  none  near  where  the  village  is  located.  The 
important  commodity  sells  for  50  cents  per  barrel. 

On  July  26  Mr.  Anthony  and  I  again  visited  the  mangrove 
swamp  and  succeeded  in  securing  seven  more  mangrove  war- 
blers. Also  three  Xantus'  jays  were  taken;  this  is  likewise  a 
rare  species  in  ornithological  collections.  I  was  surprised  to 
find  numerous  living  specimens  of  a  huge  Littorina  adhering 
to  the  semisubmerged  roots  of  the  mangrove. 

We  walked  across  the  sand  dunes  to  the  ocean  beach  to  the 
westward  where  a  considerable  number  of  marine  mollusks 
was  collected.  This  seemed  to  be  a  favorite  place  for  the  cap- 
ture of  turtles  by  the  people  of  Magdalena.  We  counted  65 
shells  of  those  recently  killed.  The  sex  of  at  least  40  could 
be  determined  and  they  were  all  found  to  be  females.  It  is 
said  the  turtles  are  killed  with  harpoons  as  they  approach 
the  sand  beaches  to  lay  their  eggs. 

Mr.  Slevin  continued  to  add  largely  to  the  collection  of 
reptiles,  the  most  important  being  three  specimens  of  a  lizard 
called  "whip-tail."  He  took  four  on  the  previous  day;  only 
one  had  been  known  previously. 

Other  members  of  the  party  were  variously  engaged;  Sr. 
Gallegos  continued  to  add  to  his  collection  of  insects  and 
plants ;  and  Messrs.  Tose  and  Hinkley  worked  with  the  birds 
continuously. 

On  the  morning  of  July  27  Mr.  Anthony  brought  in  all  of 
the  traps  which  had  been  placed  out  at  this  place.  Very  few 
specimens  of  mammals  were  taken  and  they  were  chiefly  rats 
of  the  genus  Neotoma  and  desert  mice  belonging  to  Pero- 
myscus  and  Perognathus. 

I  spent  the  morning  collecting  fossil  shells  from  a  large  de- 
posit which  is  exposed  to  an  elevation  of  20  feet  above  the  bay 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  £53 

immediately  north  of  the  village  a  few  rods.  Here  in  a  soft 
uiiConsolidated  sand  were  great  numbers  of  shells,  many  species 
being  rare  in  collections.  The  age  of  the  deposit  is  Pleistocene 
and  it  represents  an  elevated  beach  line  similar  to  what  has 
already  been  described  at  San  Quintin  and  Cedros  Island. 
Prior  to  this  late  elevation  the  land  on  which  the  village  stands 
was  an  island  and  Magdalena  Bay  had  a  broad  entrance  to 
the  northward.  This  permitted  free  entrance  of  ocean  water 
and  with  it  ocean-dwelling  species  of  animals.  With  the  eleva- 
tion of  the  land  the  north  entrance  was  closed  but  the  lagoon 
extending  far  to  the  northward  inside  the  belt  of  seashore 
sand  dunes  is  a  remnant  of  it.  It  is  said  that  this  lagoon  is 
connected  with  the  sea  to  the  northward  thus  in  fact  leaving 
Magdalena  an  island  at  present  although  it  is  more  like  a  pen- 
insula. The  mountains  back  of  the  village  are  metamorphic 
and  igneous  and  therefore  have  been  above  the  sea  for  a  long 
period  of  time.  During  the  Pleistocene  at  least,  the  range  was 
an  island,  far  removed  from  other  high  land,  and  even  now 
partakes  of  the  characters  of  an  island.  Therefore,  it  would 
be  expected  that  sedentary  animals  such  as  mammals  and  in- 
sects, and  also  the  plants,  would  have  been  modified  by  isola- 
tion and  have  become  separate  species  or  subspecies.  This 
appears  to  be  true  in  many  cases. 

We  left  the  anchorage  at  Magdalena  at  noon  of  July  27  and 
went  to  the  village  located  on  Santa  Margarita  Island  20  miles 
to  the  southward.  To  get  there  we  had  to  pass  through  a 
rather  difficult  channel,  the  southern  half  of  the  bay  being 
much  shallower  than  the  northern. 

Santa  Margarita  Island  occupies  the  same  position  with 
reference  to  Magdalena  Bay  as  the  San  Francisco  Peninsula 
does  to  San  Francisco  Bay.  The  island  has  been  subjected  to 
the  same  elevation  of  Pleistocene  sediments  around  the  shore 
lines  as  has  been  described  for  other  places.  It  is  divided  into 
two  parts  both  the  northern  and  southern  being  mountainous 
and  composed  of  metamorphic  or  igneous  rocks.  The  low  pass 
two  miles  long,  north  and  south,  connecting  the  two  parts,  is 
level  and  on  the  western  side  is  fringed  by  a  belt  of  enormous 
sand  dunes.  Near  the  center  of  the  isthmus  country  there  is  a 
zone  of  sedimentary  rocks  chiefly  thinly  bedded  but  hard  sand- 


254  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Stones.  No  fossils  could  be  found  in  them  but  they  had  the 
appearance  of  being  pre-tertiary  on  account  of  the  alteration 
which  has  taken  place.  The  strata  dip  to  the  westward  about 
80°  and  strike  about  northeast-southwest. 

A  great  deal  of  magnesite  has  been  collected  about  the  lower 
slopes  of  the  mountains  of  both  sections  of  the  island.  Com- 
paratively large  quantities  have  been  shipped  out  and  some 
trucks  and  other  machinery  were  still  on  hand.  It  was  under- 
stood that  under  the  laws  of  Mexico  the  concession  under 
which  the  deposit  had  been  exploited  had  been  automatically 
cancelled  not  long  before  our  arrival.  The  manner  of  forma- 
tion of  the  magnesite  is  an  interesting  problem,  a  solution 
of  which  was  not  evident  from  my  brief  study.  The  mineral 
seemed  to  be  fairly  pure  and  occurred  chiefly  as  loose  chunks 
or  nodules  having  mammillary  structure,  as  though  deposited 
from  mineral  springs. 

Here  at  Santa  Margarita  was  a  well  equipped  plant  for  the 
manufacture  of  oil  and  meal  from  fish.  It  was  idle  at  the 
time  but  in  good  condition.  Apparently  some  difficulties  had 
arisen  in  regard  to  the  collection  of  the  fish  for  working  up. 
It  was  said  that  a  small  species  resembling  an  anchovy  was  the 
chief  raw  material  and  no  difficulty  had  been  encountered  in 
securing  a  sufficient  supply  by  the  use  of  a  200-foot  seine  on 
the  neighboring  beaches.  By  this  method  many  other  species 
were  secured;  particularly  abundant  were  several  species  of 
sharks. 

Near  the  wharf  there  was  a  building  which  had  been  put  up 
for  use  as  a  turtle  cannery.  It  had  a  concrete  floor  and  was 
used  as  a  habitation  at  the  time  of  our  visit.  Much  of  the 
machinery  was  still  in  place.  We  were  infomied  that  the  orig- 
inal concession  had  been  granted  many  years  previously  to  a 
man  named  O.  Sandaval  but  no  attempt  at  operation  had  been 
made  for  15  or  more  years. 

The  ship  was  tied  up  to  the  dock  here  and  most  of  us  went 
ashore.  Mr.  Anthony  and  I  put  out  some  traps  and  collected 
a  few  desirable  birds.  We  also  found  a  snake  (a  black  racer) 
which  Mr.  Slevin  considered  very  desirable.  I  found  many 
excellent  specimens  of  a  species  of  land  shell  (Bulimulus)  re- 
lated to  a  form  which  lives  in  the  Cape  Region  farther  south 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  255 

on  the  peninsula.  Mr.  Hinkley  secured  a  specimen  of  the 
endemic  and  greatly  desired  jack  rabbit.  Mr.  Slevin  secured 
all  previously  recorded  species  of  reptiles  except  a  rattlesnake. 

This  seemed  like  a  very  excellent  collecting  station  and  we 
regretted  that  we  could  not  spend  a  week  or  a  month  in  the 
vicinity.  Across  the  bay  to  the  eastward  the  great  and  intri- 
cate mangrove  swamps  and  islands  invite  the  naturalist  most 
enticingly.  Mr.  Barnhart  found  a  strange  water  temperature 
condition  in  Magdalena  Bay.  Where  we  anchored  at  Magda- 
lena  it  was  64°F.  Farther  out  and  closer  to  the  entrance  it  was 
68°.  Outside  it  was  74°  and  at  Margarita  it  was  71°.  Why 
is  the  water  so  cold  in  the  north  part  of  the  bay?  We  could 
not  suggest  an  answer. 

On  the  morning  of  July  28  we  found  only  four  mammals 
in  the  traps,  two  wood  rats  and  two  mice  (Perognathus).  I 
shot  two  bats  near  the  wharf  in  the  early  morning  light  as  they 
were  flying  along  a  low  cliff  near  the  fertilizer  plant. 

Mr.  Slevin  and  I  walked  south  into  the  mountains  of  the 
south  half  of  the  island,  thence  to  the  "ranch"  on  the  west  side 
of  the  isthmus,  and  back  through  the  mountains  of  the  north 
half.  Numerous  interesting  birds  were  taken  some  of  which 
belong  to  the  fauna  of  the  Cape  Region.  This  appears  to  be  the 
extreme  northern  limit  of  distribution  of  this  remarkable 
fauna.  Woodpeckers  and  cardinals,  peculiar  to  the  region 
south  were  especially  attractive.  The  former  make  their  nest- 
ing holes  in  the  trunks  of  the  giant  cactus.  The  cardinal's 
song  did  not  appear  to  differ  from  that  of  the  familiar  bird 
of  the  middle  west  although  this  one  is  a  different  species. 

Among  the  reptiles  collected  there  were  several  specimens  of 
a  desert  iguana  which  is  an  excessively  rapid  runner.  In  action 
the  tail  is  folded  upward,  the  front  legs  placed  close  beside  the 
body  and  the  hind  legs  only  are  used. 

Messrs.  Anthony,  Tose  and  Hinkley  secured  some  more 
desirable  birds  and  another  jack  rabbit.  Insects  were  very 
scarce  but  we  secured  a  few  species. 

The  climate  at  Magdalena  is  very  uniform  throughout  the 
year.  The  nights  are  cool,  the  days  hot.  A  breeze  usually 
blows  on  the  water  in  the  afternoon  but  inland  that  part  of  the 
day   is  uncomfortably  warm.     Rain   seldom   falls,   sometimes 


256  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

only  at  intervals  of  years.  Far  to  the  eastward  over  the  Gulf 
of  California,  black  clouds  with  flashes  of  lightning  were 
plainly  visible  at  night. 

At  the  so-called  "ranch"  one  family  lived  in  a  shed  with 
brush  roof,  no  walls,  doors  or  stove.  They  had  a  small  patch 
cleared  of  brush  where  watermelons,  tomatoes,  and  date  palms 
were  growing  with  practically  no  attention.  Water  was  avail- 
able at  about  15  feet  depth  and  was  used  for  household  pur- 
poses but  we  found  it  to  be  too  salty  to  satisfy  our  thirsts. 
The  ranch  is  in  a  valley  of  about  10  square  miles  densely 
grown  with  brush,  small  trees  and  giant  cactus.  Undoubtedly 
there  is  fairly  fresh  water  at  a  moderate  depth  over  the  entire 
area.  It  would  seem  that  farming  could  be  more  extensively 
prosecuted  if  there  was  a  market  for  the  product. 

July  29  proved  to  be  an  excellent  day  for  collecting.  Messrs. 
Cuesta-Terron,  Slevin,  Gallegos,  Tose,  Barnhart,  Hinkley, 
Anthony,  Captain  Angulo  and  I  went  across  the  isthmus  to 
the  ranch,  the  Captain  being  the  pilot  of  one  of  the  auto  trucks 
left  behind  by  the  magnesite  company.  He  proved  his  ability 
as  a  navigator  on  land  as  well  as  on  the  sea. 

Considerable  time  was  spent  in  the  giant  cactus  forest 
where  we  found  ripe  fruit  as  large  as  a  medium  sized  orange 
and  with  a  flavor  similar  to  a  raspberry.  They  were  delicious 
eating  and  were  very  effective  in  allaying  the  thirst  the  unini- 
tiated always  experiences  in  a  hot  desert  afternoon. 

Many  birds  were  found  in  this  forest,  the  most  important 
for  us  being  the  Cape  Region  species.  The  woodpeckers  were 
evidently  very  fond  of  the  cactus  fruit  and  many  ospreys  had 
selected  these  strange  trees  for  nesting  sites.  Some  of  the 
bulky  structures  had  become  so  heavy  through  years  of  addi- 
tions that  the  trees  had  collapsed. ^^ 

The  rank  desert  vegetation  of  the  vicinity  of  the  "ranch" 
enabled  us  to  secure  some  attractive  insects,  and  two  species  of 
land  shells  (Bulimulus  and  Micrarionta)  were  common.  Mr. 
Slevin  made  very  important  additions  to  the  reptile  collection, 
one  being  a  rattlesnake  not  previously  known  from  this  island. 

Another  specimen  of  the  jack  rabbit  was  taken,  this  making 

"See  figures  in  Nat.  Gcog.  Mag.,  Vol.  44,  No.   1,  July,  1923,  pp.  90,  91. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  257 

the  third  for  our  party,  and  the  Mexican  naturalists  have  taken 
one. 

On  the  morning  of  July  30  we  ran  the  line  of  traps  at  the 
first  break  of  day  in  hopes  of  getting  to  our  specimens  before 
the  ants,  but  we  were  unsuccessful.  The  voracious  insects  had 
completely  spoiled  several  otherwise  valuable  specimens ;  all  we 
could  do  was  to  preserve  them  in  alcohol.  The  ants  are  noc- 
turnal in  most  of  the  places  in  which  we  have  trapped  this 
season  and  an  animal  is  no  sooner  caught  than  it  is  attacked. 
In  spite  of  this  difficulty  Santa  Margarita  Island  furnished  us 
with  several  specimens  of  very  rare  desert  mice. 

It  was  with  reluctance  that  we  left  this  anchorage  at  nine 
a.  m.  and  started  northward  on  the  journey  back  to  San  Diego. 

At  one  p.  m.  of  July  31  we  anchored  behind  the  point  of 
land  known  as  Abreojos  (eyes  open).  On  the  way  north  we 
followed  the  shore  sufficiently  close  so  that  we  would  have 
discovered  any  herd  of  elephant  seals  or  other  conspicuous 
animals  which  might  have  been  hauled  out.  It  was  in  one  of 
the  long  bights  of  this  shore  line  that  Dr.  C.  H.  Townsend  col- 
lected several  elephant  seals  for  the  National  Museum  about 
1888. 

Messrs.  Anthony,  Gallegos,  Slevin,  Barnhart  and  I  went 
ashore  for  collecting,  the  landing  being  made  at  two  shacks 
used  in  other  seasons  by  spiny  lobster  fishermen.  Many  turtle 
bones,  lobster  carcasses  and  mollusks  were  drifted  upon  the 
beach.  I  could  not  help  but  regret  that  equipment  was  not 
available  to  dredge  the  ocean  bottom  because  it  was  here  that 
Henry  Hemphill  had  made  a  very  extensive  collection  of  shells 
many  years  ago.  Numerous  species  taken  there  by  him  have 
not  been  found  elsewhere. 

The  most  conspicuous  shells  on  the  beach  were  the  pismo 
clam.  It  is  prophesied  that  here  will  be  an  important  fishery  for 
this  mollusk  at  some  future  date. 

A  burro  trail  with  fresh  tracks  led  to  the  northeast  to  an- 
other lobster  camp  toward  San  Ignacio  lagoon. 

Mr.  Anthony  stated  that  the  plain  back  of  this  point  is  one 
of  the  few  remaining  ranges  of  the  pronghorn  antelope.  A 
fairly  fresh  horn  was  picked  up  near  the  camp,  so  the  species 
is  probably  not  yet  exterminated. 


258  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

No  land  snails  could  be  found  in  the  limited  time  devoted 
to  the  search. 

An  examination  was  made  of  the  geological  structure  out- 
cropping on  the  shore  at  the  first  point  northeast  of  the  usual 
a.nchorage.  Here  for  about  1000  feet  there  was  an  exposure 
of  hard  sandstone  and  shale,  dipping  southwest  at  an  angle  of 
about  15°.  Above,  and  unconformably  upon  that  series  is  an 
even  greater  thickness  of  heavy  conglomerate  which  weathers 
slowly  and  forms  rocky  projecting  reefs  upon  which  grow  the 
great  kelp  gardens  of  the  point.  Above  the  conglomerate  late 
Pleistocene  sediments  rest  with  great  angular  unconformity. 
The  shells,  however,  were  not  well  preserved.  Fishes  were  ex- 
ceedingly abundant  about  the  point. 

We  arrived  at  Asuncion  Island  on  August  1  at  eleven  a.  m. 
and  the  anchor  had  scarcely  been  dropped  when  some  one  of 
the  crew  caught  a  "jewfish"  weighing  about  150  pounds.  Later 
one  was  taken  which  weighed  nearly  400  pounds.  Several 
bonito  were  taken  on  the  troll  before  we  arrived. 

Most  of  the  party  went  ashore  soon  after  arrival.  Messrs. 
Anthony,  Cuesta-Terron  and  I  examined  all  shores  carefully 
for  fur  seals  but  found  none.  At  the  same  time  I  estimated 
each  group  of  California  sea  lions  as  we  passed.  The  figures 
of  course  were  hurriedly  arrived  at  but  the  total,  males,  fe- 
males and  young,  was  close  to  4000  animals.'®  To  this,  as  an 
integral  part  of  this  rookery,  should  be  added  about  1000, 
subsequently  found  on  Angulo  Rock  near  by.  All  of  the 
beaches  were  lined  with  the  animals  and  they  kept  up  an  inces- 
sant roar  with  their  barking.  Harems  seemed  to  contain  from 
15  to  18  cows  and  the  young  pups  were  learning  to  swim  in 
the  tide  pools.  Many  of  the  bulls  were  badly  scarred  from 
fighting,  a  condition  which  would  largely  disappear  if  some  of 
the  surplus  males  could  be  eliminated. 

This  species  was  found  to  be  very  abundant  on  most  of  the 
favorable  breeding  grounds  south  of  the  Mexican  Boundary. 
There  are  likewise  large  rookeries  off  the  coast  of  California. 
Certainly  the  species  has  sufficiently  recovered  from  its  early 
persecution  for  the  surplus  males  to  be  taken  for  commercial 
purposes.   The  skins  arc  large,  uniform  in  thickness,  and  make 

>«  See  figures  in  Nat.  Geog.  Mag.,  Vol.  44,  No.  1,  July,  1923,  pp.  85,  86. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  259 

excellent  leather.  The  fat  and  flesh  make  an  oil  and  animal 
meal  of  a  quality  which  is  equal  to,  or  better  than,  the  average 
derived  from  whales. 

The  manner  in  which  the  commercialization  of  such  a  species 
can  be  undertaken  without  exposing  it  to  unlimited  slaughter  is 
a  problem  difficult  indeed  to  solve.  Permits  or  concessions 
might  be  granted  to  private  parties  by  Mexico  and  California, 
limiting  the  catch  to  males  only  and  the  number  to  be  specified 
by  proper  authorities  after  investigation.  While  this  method  of 
operation  looks  practicable  at  first  glance  it  apparently  never 
works  out  to  any  other  conclusion  than  the  commercial  exter- 
mination of  the  species  concerned.  It  has  been  tried  repeatedly 
in  many  different  countries  and  has  always  failed  to  perpetuate 
the  species  in  the  same  abundance  with  which  the  work  was 
started. 

Another  plan  of  operation,  often  suggested  and  tried  is  to 
permit  unrestricted  slaughter  by  all  persons  during  an  open 
season.  This  likewise  almost  always  fails  in  the  perpetuation 
of  a  marine  species  in  its  original  abundance  and  there  are 
few  successes  with  land  animals.  The  reason  is  not  hard  to 
find.  When  such  slaughter  begins  large  catches  are  made  with 
ease  but  as  more  people  engage  in  the  enterprise  and  the  num- 
ber of  individuals  of  the  species  hunted  becomes  smaller,  in- 
creased efforts  must  be  expended  to  get  a  profitable  catch. 
These  efforts  are  of  two  classes ;  ( 1 )  political  activity  such  as 
the  securing  of  longer  open  seasons,  and  fewer  restrictions, 
bribing  of  enforcement  officials,  etc.;  and  (2)  increased  effi- 
ciency of  hunters. 

One  of  the  most  difficult  of  all  classes  of  beneficial  legisla- 
tion to  secure  is  a  measure  to  more  adequately  conserve  or  per- 
petuate a  wild  species  which  is  being  commercially  exploited. 
Practically  never  are  commercial  interests  willing  to  submit  to 
protective  restrictions  until  the  species  with  which  they  are 
concerned  is  approaching  industrial  extinction. 

Therefore,  the  time  to  provide  and  apply  protective  measures 
is  when  the  species  is  still  abundant  and  not  exploited. 

In  the  case  of  the  California  sea  lions  I  think  absolute  prohi- 
bition of  any  slaughter  whatsoever  should  be  maintained  by 
Mexico  in  its  territorial  limits  as  well  as  on  the  high  seas. 


2^0  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

The  same  should  be  done  by  California  and  the  United  States. 
While  this  is  in  force  a  treaty  should  be  made  between  the  two 
countries  whereby  no  killing  would  ever  be  permitted  except 
on  land  and  by  duly  authorized  agents  of  the  respective 
governments. 

In  this  manner  the  Fish  and  Game  Commissions  of  the  two 
countries  could  develop  a  market  for  the  amount  of  surplus 
available  and  for  that  only.  Revenues  of  course  would  pass  to 
the  governments. 

Objection  to  this  method  of  operation  is  possible  because  it 
may  suggest  certain  doctrines  of  socialism,  but  it  has  been 
tried  and  found  successful,  whereas  no  other  method  ever  has 
succeeded  in  conserving  a  species  of  marine  mammal. 

On  Asuncion  Island  Mr.  Slevin  took  30  specimens  of  one 
species  of  lizard;  no  others  appear  to  live  there.  Land  shells 
were  scarce  and  semifossilized ;  no  live  ones  were  found.  In- 
sects also  were  very  rare  but  we  succeeded  in  finding  six 
species. 

The  island  is  a  vast  roosting  place  for  birds,  but  few  species 
breed.  Brandt's  cormorant  is  the  most  abundant  of  the  latter 
and  these  form  black,  close,  compact  "islands"  on  the  level 
stretches  of  white  sand.  Each  mass  contains  a  thousand  or 
more  birds.  This  close  association  seems  to  be  for  the  purpose 
of  protection  from  the  gulls  because,  ordinarily,  these  did  not 
molest  the  shags  at  all.  But  if  we  disturbed  the  "island"  colony 
at  all,  causing  the  parents  to  desert  young  or  eggs,  the  gulls 
flocked  down  in  great  numbers,  breaking  eggs  and  killing 
young  indiscriminately.  After  we  learned  this  we  endeavored 
to  cause  as  little  disturbance  in  the  island  routine  as  possible. 

The  Brandt's  cormorant  builds  its  nest  of  marine  algae  and 
the  structures  are  low  and  filthy.  The  Farallon  cormorant, 
which  is  common  on  the  higher  land,  builds  its  nest  of  sticks 
and  lines  it  with  quill  feathers.  Some  of  the  nests  were  built 
in  the  low  trampled  bushes  of  the  island;  others  were  placed 
in  the  open  and  raised  to  a  height  of  three  feet." 

A  few  pairs  of  brown  pelicans  nest  on  the  island,  but  it  is 
chiefly  a  roosting  place  for  hundreds  of  thousands  of  these 
birds. 

"  See  figures  in  Nat.  Geog.   Mag.,  Vol.  44,  No.  1,  July,   1923,  pp.  92.  93. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  261 

The  western  gull  nests  in  small  numbers  and  there  were 
burrows  of  Cassin's  auklet  or  some  shearwater  everywhere 
where  there  was  soil.    These  holes  were  unoccupied. 

Both  species  of  cormorants  and  the  pelicans  had  fairly  fresh 
eggs,  newly  hatched  young  and  young  ready  to  fly,  so  the 
nesting  season  must  be  greatly  prolonged. 

Frazer's  oystercatchers  and  black  turnstones  were  fairly 
common  and  in  the  late  evening  a  few  Heermann's  gulls 
flew  in. 

The  vicinity  of  Asuncion  Island  is  wonderfully  rich  in  ma- 
rine life.  A  huge  jelly  fish,  vivid  magenta  in  color,  and  with 
streamers  20  feet  long  was  abundant.  South  of  the  island  20 
miles  there  was  a  sudden  lowering  of  the  temperature  of  the 
sea  water  to  61°  F.,  13°  colder  than  outside  Magdalena  Bay. 
The  cold  water  probably  accounts  for  the  abundance  of  sea 
life,  at  least  in  part. 

A  short  distance  northwest  of  Asuncion  Island  there  is  a 
flat-topped  rock  50  feet  high  on  which  we  collected  eight 
species  of  beetles  in  less  than  an  hour.  The  rock  is  very  con- 
spicuous as  the  island  is  approached  from  the  south.  Because 
of  the  different  species  of  insects  from  those  found  on  Asun- 
cion, a  name  for  this  rock  is  needed  and  we  proposed  to  honor 
it  with  the  name  of  our  congenial  captain,  Victor  Angulo. 

Geologically,  Asuncion  Island  is  composed  almost  entirely 
of  Jurassic  Franciscan  Chert,  or  a  chert  which  is  very  similar 
to  this  widespread  and  well  known  fomiation  in  California. 
On  the  north  side  there  appeared  to  be  some  metamorphism. 
The  island,  like  so  many  other  places  in  the  region,  has  been 
subjected  to  a  comparatively  recent  short  submergence  and 
subsequent  elevation  to  about  25  feet. 

Traps  were  put  out  in  the  evening  and  next  morning  they 
contained  14  specimens  of  Peromyscus. 

On  Aug^ist  2  we  left  Asuncion  Island  at  six  a.  m.  and  went 
ashore  on  San  Roque  Island  at  seven-thirty  a.  m.  It  is  similar 
in  almost  every  way  to  Asuncion  but  is  only  about  65  feet  high. 
The  steamer  San  Jose  went  on  the  rocks  here  in  1921  and  there 
was  a  great  deal  of  wreckage  strewn  about.  The  hull  was 
firmly  wedged  between  the  rocks. 

September  5,   1925 


252  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Brandt's  cormorants  were  found  in  enormous  numbers  but 
the  only  nests  of  the  Farallon  species  were  around  the  shores 
on  piles  of  driftwood.  About  1,000  Heermann's  gTills  were 
perched  on  one  rock ;  very  few  young  were  among  them. 

Several  hair  seals  were  seen  in  the  water  in  the  bight  on  the 
south  side  of  the  island  but  all  efforts  to  secure  specimens  failed. 
Field  mice  were  abundant  but  we  took  none  during  our  short 
stay.  No  land  shells  were  found  and  only  three  species  of 
beetles  were  taken. 

We  left  San  Roque  at  eleven  a.  m.  and  anchored  in  the  north 
end  of  San  Bartolome  (Turtle)  Bay  at  six  p.  m.  Messrs. 
Anthony,  Tose,  Slevin  and  I  went  ashore  with  a  lantern  after 
dark.  Traps  were  put  out  and  in  a  bunch  of  sagebrush  we 
found  a  rattlesnake  which  Mr.  Slevin  promptly  shot. 

The  low  sea  cliff  at  the  landing  consisted  of  sandstones  dip- 
ping to  the  westward.  Several  species  of  fossils  were  collected 
which  later  showed  the  age  of  the  rocks  to  be  Pliocene. 

Two  Peromyscus  were  found  in  the  traps  next  morning 
(August  3)  and  we  left  San  Bartolome  Bay  at  six-thirty  a.  m. 
It  was  an  exceedingly  attractive  place  to  work  but  our  mission 
was  insular  and  we  could  not  stay. 

At  nine  a.  m.  we  went  ashore  on  the  south  end  of  Natividad 
Island,  where  the  entire  party  worked  all  day. 

This  is  another  bird  island  par  excellence.  Gulls,  shearwaters 
and  cormorants  nest  on  the  highest  parts.  Many  pelicans  were 
seen  resting  but  none  seemed  to  nest.  The  Brandt's  cormoranis 
form  "islands"  on  the  level  stretches  near  shore,  while  the  Far- 
allon species  goes  to  the  higher  interior  and  builds  nests  as  on 
Asuncion  Island. 

Of  land  birds  we  saw  only  desert  sparrows,  ravens  and  duck 
hawks.  The  latter  nest  on  the  island  in  very  accessible  places; 
a  person  could  walk  directly  to  some  of  the  nests. 

The  island  is  tunneled  with  the  burrows  of  black-vented 
shearwaters.  About  40  of  these  burrows  were  excavated  and 
five  birds  were  thus  secured.  One  was  a  young  of  the  year,  the 
others  adult.  Apparently  the  birds  continued  to  visit  their 
burrows  long  after  the  nesting  work  was  done.  About  eight 
species  of  insects  were  secured.  Dead  land  shells  (Micrarionta) 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  263 

were  everywhere  in  abundance  but  not  a  live  one  could  be 
found.    Mr.  Slevin  took  two  species  of  lizards. 

Geologically  the  island  is  very  old.  Shales  and  sandstones  in- 
clined from  0°  to  75°,  extend  from  the  south  end  northward  at 
least  four  miles.  No  fossils  were  found  and  the  age  was  not 
definitely  determinable  but  the  sediments  are  certainly  older 
than  Tertiary.  The  island  has  been  subjected  to  a  recent  sub- 
mergence down  to  at  least  100  feet.  It  was  then  elevated  before 
any  considerable  quantity  of  sediment  could  accumulate. 

Six  species  of  cactus  were  seen,  the  most  conspicuous  being 
the  long  shafts  of  the  group  commonly  called  giant  cactus. 
Shrubbery  was  very  scarce  but  there  was  abundant  evidence 
to  show  that  when  there  is  rain  a  quick  and  luxuriant  growth 
of  succulent  plants  follows  quickly.  All  were  dead  and  parched 
when  we  were  there. 

On  August  4  the  traps  on  Natividad  Island  were  found  to 
contain  1 1  Peromyscus.  Many  of  the  traps  had  been  sprung  by 
ravens  and  gulls.  Those  most  successful  were  set  about  some 
bushes  which  contained  very  filthy  cormorants'  nests;  there 
were  numerous  mouse-burrows  under  the  nests.  Some  speci- 
mens were  also  taken  in  the  traps  set  in  shearwater  burrows, 
these  seemingly  forming  a  haven  for  mice  and  lizards  as  well 
as  birds. 

We  left  Natividad  Island  soon  after  daylight  and  arrived 
again  at  Bernstein's  abalone  plant  on  Cedros  Island  at  nine 
a.  m.  Everyone  was  glad  to  get  ashore  here  for  various  rea- 
sons, chiefly  because  of  the  abundance  of  freshwater.  The 
party  divided  in  various  directions. 

Mr.  Slevin  and  I  visited  the  spring  from  which  the  water 
supply  is  derived  and  secured  more  detailed  observations  on 
this  little  oasis.  It  is  situated  on  the  crest  of  a  ridge  between 
2,000  and  3,000  feet  high  and  an  area  of  two  or  three  acres 
is  overgrown  with  rank  vegetation.  Cedar  trees  and  elephant 
trees  grow  around  the  margin  and  some  of  the  grass  is  10 
feet  high.  Many  strange  plants  and  insects  were  collected. 
Birds  were  not  common  and  were  excessively  wild.  Where  the 
water  first  flows  out  it  is  delicious  but  as  it  flows  down  the 
canon  to  the  reservoir  intake  of  the  pipe  line  it  passes  through 
a  mineralized  belt  and  takes  up  a  considerable  amount  of  this. 


254  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

If  the  pipe  were  extended  to  the  spring  itself  a  much  larger 
and  better  supply  of  water  would  be  obtained.  (See  pi.  18, 
%.2.) 

Our  complete  line  of  traps  put  out  late  in  the  evening  did  not 
contain  a  single  mammal  on  the  morning  of  August  5.  Signs 
of  Perognathus  were  abundant  but  the  animals  consistently 
avoided  any  bait  we  offered.  We  went  after  them  with  pick 
and  shovel  on  the  5th  and  succeeded  in  capturing  one. 

In  the  afternoon  I  put  some  traps  out  in  a  cafion  about  two 
miles  above  the  camp  where  the  only  sign  of  woodrats  had  been 
found  on  this  end  of  the  island.  In  setting  the  line  I  found  a 
rattlesnake  in  a  hole  under  a  bank  and  Mr.  Slevin  came  to  my 
aid  with  his  trusty  pistol.  It  turned  out  to  be  Crotalus  exsul 
the  type  locality  of  which  is  Cedros  Island. 

A  good  series  of  fossils  from  the  Pliocene  beds  south  of  the 
camp  was  obtained  during  the  day. 

On  August  6  we  found  our  traps  had  caught  one  woodrat 
and  three  Peromyscus.  One  more  of  the  latter  was  taken  dur- 
ing the  day.  Messrs.  Tose  and  Hinkley  visited  the  spring  and 
secured  several  birds.  They  also  took  one  cottontail  rabbit,  a 
few  of  which  had  previously  been  taken  there  by  some  of  us. 

Mr.  Slevin  and  I  went  almost  to  the  top  of  Mt.  Cedros  north- 
west of  the  camp.  Stunted  cedars  are  scattered  over  the  upper 
1 ,000  feet  of  the  mountain  and  cactus  was  common  there.  No 
deer  were  seen  but  we  came  across  a  small  herd  of  goats.  For 
some  reason  these  animals  have  not  increased  as  they  did  on 
Guadalupe.  The  elephant  trees  grow  to  the  very  top  of  the 
island  and  some  of  them,  long  cut  away,  indicated  a  trail.  The 
bark  of  the  tree  is  white  or  buff  and  peels  off  like  a  paper 
birch.  The  outer  layer  is  very  thin ;  this  is  followed  by  a  green 
layer,  also  very  thin;  and  that  in  turn  by  a  pulpy  part  about 
one  inch  thick.  When  the  bark  is  punctured  a  thick,  sticky, 
cream-like  liquid  exudes  in  considerable  quantities  at  the  season 
of  our  visit.    (See  pi.  19,  fig.  1.) 

In  the  early  morning  of  August  7  the  ship  was  moved  to  the 
mouth  of  Grand  Canon,  about  the  middle  of  the  eastern  shore 
and  collections  were  made  throughout  the  day. 

Three  male  deer  were  shot  and  carried  to  the  beach.  The 
animals  are  here  very  common,  tame  and  unafraid.    One  was 


Vol.  XIV]  HANN A— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  265 

taken  with  the  .22  cahber  rifle.    Trails  were  well  beaten  from 
the  shore  to  the  highest  point. 

In  this  valley  there  are  some  fine  groves  of  elephant  trees, 
the  largest  seen  thus  far.  The  cedars  are  found  from  a  little 
above  sea  level  to  the  top  of  the  mountains  but  they  are  small 
and  stunted.  No  trees  comparable  to  those  12  inches  in  diame- 
ter at  Bernstein's  spring,  were  found. 

Messrs.  Slevin,  Anthony,  the  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Tecate 
and  I  went  to  the  top  of  the  Pine  Ridge  on  the  north  side 
of  the  canon.  This  was  photographed  by  Dr.  Townsend'^  from 
the  bottom  of  the  caiion  and  the  pine  trees  standing  soldier-like 
on  the  rim  were  mistaken  for  "cedars."  (See  pi.  18,  fig.  1.) 
He  mentioned  "one  spring"  in  the  canon  but  every  branch 
canon  we  explored  had  one  or  more.  In  some  there  was  water 
in  considerable  amount  but  no  place  was  the  vegetation  as  rank 
as  about  the  one  from  which  Messrs.  Bernstein  get  their  water. 
Above  one  spring  there  were  the  stone  walls  of  an  old  cabin, 
long  ago  abandoned.  Some  assayer's  supplies  near  by  indi- 
cated that  it  may  have  been  a  camp  of  a  prospecting  party. 

On  the  morning  of  August  8  our  traps  contained  only  one 
woodrat,  two  Peromyscus  and  one  Perognathus.  Captain  An- 
gulo,  the  Chief  Engineer  and  I  went  up  the  canon  again  in 
search  of  deer  and  succeeded  in  getting  a  female  for  the  collec- 
tion. This  species  of  deer  is  found  only  on  Cedros  Island  and 
was  reported  extinct  at  one  time.  There  were  no  specimens 
of  it  in  any  western  museum  prior  to  our  visit,  so,  in  view  of 
the  abundance  of  the  species,  we  felt  justified  in  taking  four. 
The  doe  taken  today  was  prepared  for  the  National  Museum 
of  Mexico. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  Cedros  Island  deer  has  been 
reduced  in  numbers,  at  least  once,  to  the  verge  of  extinction 
through  the  activities  of  hunters  and  the  likelihood  of  the 
same  being  rei>eated  whenever  people  in  large  numbers  visit 
that  region,  the  Mexican  naturalists  on  the  expedition,  Messrs. 
Cuesta-Terron  and  Gallegos,  determined  to  make  recommenda- 
tions to  their  government  for  some  means  of  protection  of  the 
species.  Accordingly,  upon  their  return,  the  situation  was  ex- 
plained to  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  and  Public  Works  and 

18  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Vol.  35,  1916,  p.  411,  fig.  9. 


256  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

on  May  28,  1923,  the  killing  of  this  deer  was  prohibited  from 
June  1,  1923,  to  May  31,  1928,  through  the  issuance  of  a 
proclamation  by  the  President  of  Mexico. 

Since  this  action  was  taken  as  a  direct  result  of  investiga- 
tions made  by  this  expedition,  the  text  of  the  proclamation  is 
herewith  quoted  in  full,  the  translation  into  English  from  the 
Spanish  having  been  made  by  Miss  M.  E.  McLellan  of  the 
California  Academy  of  Sciences. 

SUBJECT 

PROCLAMATION  PROHIBITING  THE  KILLING  OF  CEDROS  ISLAND  DEER 

Alvaro  Obregon,  Constitutional  President  of  the  United  States  of 
Mexico,  considering  that,  owing  to  the  excessive  hunting  of  the  deer 
(Odocoilcus  cerroensis  \^cerrosensis']),  the  species  has  greatly  diminished 
on  the  island  of  Cedros,  situated  on  the  western  coast  of  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, of  which  reproduction  is  necessary  in  order  that  it  does  not  become 
extinct,  in  exercising  the  power  which  is  conceded  to  me  in  clause  I  of 
article  89  of  the  Federal  Constitution,  and  with  a  basis  of  the  articles  51 
in  the  clause  III  of  the  law  of  the  first  of  October  of  1894  and  50  of  the 
law  of  the  twenty-first  of  December  of  1909,  I  have  held  well  to  promul- 
gate the  following 

REGULATING  ORDINANCES  WHICH  ESTABLISH  THE  PROHIBITION  OF 
THE  HUNTING  OF  THE  Yi'EER  (ODOCOILEUS  CERROENSIS  [CERROSENSIS]) 
ON  THE  ISLAND  OF   CEDROS. 

Article  1. — It  is  prohibited  for  five  years,  beginning  with  the  first  day 
of  June  next,  to  hunt,  capture,  kill,  or  injure  in  any  way  whatever  the 
deer  (Odocoilcus  cerroensis  Icerroscnsisl)  on  the  island  of  Cedros,  sit- 
uated on  the  western  coast  of  Lower  California. 

Article  2. — The  prohibition  includes  the  distribution  or  sale  of  the  prod- 
ucts originating  in  the  animals  referred  to  in  the  preceding  article. 

Article  3. — It  will  be  considered  as  proof  of  the  infraction  of  the  fore- 
going article,  the  use  of  anything  that  alters  the  products  of  the  deer, 
change  of  name,  or  the  employment  of  any  other  means  of  deceit. 

Article  4. — The  violation  of  the  preceding  ordinances  will  be  punished 
by  a  fine  from  $50.00  to  $500.00,  which  not  being  paid,  will  be  commuted 
to  fifteen  days  imprisonment,  and  which  will  be  imposed  by  the  Bureau  of 
Agriculture  and  Public  Works  or  its  Agent  Generals. 

Article  5. — The  repetition  will  be  punished  by  the  penalty  which,  depend- 
ing upon  circumstances,  should  have  been  imposed  for  the  last  offence 
committed,  with  an  addition  to  the  fine : 

1. — To  one  sixth  part,  if  the  offence  shall  be  less  than  the  former. 

2. — To  a  quarter  part,  if  both  shall  be  of  equal  gravity. 

3. — To  one  third  part,  if  the  last  shall  be  more  serious  than  the  pre- 
ceding. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  267 

4.— If  the  former  fine  shall  have  been  remitted  or  the  repetition  shall 

not  be  the  first,  the  amount  may  be  double  of  that  related  to  tne 

previous  infractions. 

Article  6. — The  act  shall  be  considered  a  repetition  when  the  culprit 

has  been  condemned  on  a  former  occasion  for  an  offense  of  the  same  kind 

within  the  six  months  previous  to  the  last. 

Article  7. — For  the  imposition  of  the  penalty,  there  will  be  considered 
as  accomplices  all  the  persons  who  by  whatsoever  means  participate  in  the 
infractions  of  the  ordinances  contained  in  articles  1  to  3. 

Article  8.— Because  the  Agent  Generals  of  the  Bureau  of  Agriculture 
and  Public  Works,  imposes  the  penalties  which  are  mentioned  in  the  pre- 
ceding articles,  they  will  draw  up  the  related  report  and  transmit  a  copy 
of  it  to  the  said  Bureau. 

Article  9. — The  fines  which  are  imposed  in  accordance  with  the  regula- 
tions contained  in  the  foregoing  articles,  will  be  made  effective  for  the 
management  of  the  Federal  Tax  Office,  exercising,  on  its  part,  the  eco- 
nomic-co-operative power  determined  by  the  Fiscal  Law. 

Article  10. — In  all  cases  of  the  imposition  of  penalties,  the  animals  cap- 
tured or  killed  shall  be  seized,  also  the  weapons,  ammunition,  and  hunting 
equipment  which  are  found  in  the  possession  of  the  offenders. 

Article  11.— If  the  animals  seized  be  alive,  they  shall  be  returned  to  the 
place  in  which  they  were  taken,  and  if  they  be  dead,  they  shall  be  suitably 
disposed  of.  The  weapons,  ammunition,  and  equipment  seized  shall  be 
disposed  of  by  the  said  Federal  Tax  Office,  except  in  the  cases  in  which 
the  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Public  Works  decides  to  use  them. 

Given  in  the  palace  of  the  Executive  Federal  Power  in  Mexico,  on  the 
seventeenth  day  of  the  month  of  May  of  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and 
twenty-three.— THE  CONSTITUTIONAL  PRESIDENT  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES  OF  MEXICO,  A.  OBREGON.— Published  and  exe- 
cuted.—THE  UNDER  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE  AND  PUB- 
LIC WORKS,  COMMISSIONER  OF  THE  BUREAU,  R.  F.  DE 
NEGRI.— Seal. 

After  lunch  the  ship  was  moved  to  the  north  end  of  the 
island  where  an  extensive  mining-  camp  was  once  located. 
Three  old  buildings  and  the  remnants  of  a  wharf  were  still 
standing  near  the  beach  although  they  had  not  been  utilized 
for  about  25  years.  Several  burros  greeted  us  upon  our  arrival. 
They  apparently  still  had  memories  of  their  human  associations. 

Messrs.  Tose  and  Hinkley  worked  up  the  caiion  toward  the 
old  mine  and,  with  the  exercise  of  the  greatest  care  succeded 
in  getting  only  one  bird,  a  Say's  flycatcher.  This  is  a  fair 
commentary  on  the  scarcity  and  wildness  of  the  birds  of  Cedros. 
There  must  be  a  reason  for  this  situation  but,  try  as  we  would, 
we  could  not  learn  what  it  was. 


258  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Fishes  were  excessively  abundant  and  several  large  jewfish 
were  hooked  at  the  anchorage.^®  Sardines  formed  a  zone  for 
half  a  mile  out  to  sea.  Mr.  Anthony  saw  schools  of  yellow- 
tailed  tuna  100  yards  wide  and  half  a  mile  long,  and  inshore 
numerous  small  "halibut"  were  caught  "jumping"  from  the 
water.  Out  in  a  boat  over  the  rocks  and  kelp  gardens  it  was 
bewildering  to  watch  the  constant  struggle  for  existence  among 
the  living  things.  When  a  tuna  or  barracuda  entered  the  shoals 
of  smaller  fishes  pandemonium  reigned  for  several  minutes. 
The  sardines  are  preyed  upon  from  below  by  many  fishes  and 
above  by  the  birds.  Their  existence  must  be  one  adventure 
after  another. 

From  the  observations  thus  far  made  it  appears  that  the 
greater  part  of  Cedros  Island  is  composed  largely  of  Jurassic 
sediments — Franciscan  cherts,  sandstones,  and  in  one  place  in 
Grand  Cafion,  conglomerate.  Much  alteration  and  metamor- 
phism  has  taken  place  and  from  the  excessive  amount  of  frac- 
turing it  appears  to  be  on  or  near  a  fault  zone.  At  the  south- 
western corner  of  the  island  there  has  been  some  volcanism 
and  at  the  north  end  the  land  is  e^reatlv  disturbed  with  intru- 
sions  of  serpentine.  On  the  eastern  side  there  are  Pliocene 
sediments  at  one  and  probably  two  points. 

On  August  9  Messrs.  Anthony,  Slevin  and  I  went  up  a 
cafion  south  of  the  landing  to  the  top  of  Gill  Peak,  thence 
north  down  the  mountain  side  through  a  pine  forest  to  the  old 
mine.  From  the  top  of  the  mountain  we  could  see  the  western 
shore  of  the  island  with  its  extensive  outlying  kelp  beds.  This 
was  the  habitat  of  numerous  sea  otters  about  100  years  ago 
but  if  any  are  left  they  are  very  scarce.  We  saw  none  nor  did 
we  hear  any  reports  of  any.  Except  for  the  work  we  did  later 
on  the  southwest  side  of  the  island  the  western  shore  is  unex- 
plored, biologically. 

Extensive  operations  have  been  undertaken  at  the  old  mine. 
About  20  buildings  and  much  of  the  machinery  remain  on  the 
ground.  The  ore  is  a  white  rock  said  to  have  been  rather  rich 
in  copper  and  gold.  Large  quantities  were  shipped  from  the 
mine  to  San  Diego  for  smelting  but  this  form  of  operation  did 
not  pay.    We  could  not  investigate  the  underground  workings 

i»See  Nat.  Geog.  Mag.,  \'ol.  44,  No.  1,  July,  1923.  p.  83. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  269 

because  of  caving  at  the  entrance.  The  ore  on  the  dump  was 
leached  and  the  stream  bed  below  was  blue  green  in  color. 
In  operation  the  ore  was  hauled  in  carts  down  the  steep  canon 
bottom  to  the  wharf.  A  cobblestone  road  was  built  in  the  creek 
bed  at  great  expense  but  it  has  almost  completely  washed  out. 
Pipe  lines  are  mostly  rusted  out  and  the  entire  plant  is  in  an 
advanced  state  of  decay.  A  visit  to  such  a  place  makes  one  sad 
to  think  of  the  great  amount  of  toil  and  money  used  and  hard- 
ship endured  for  naught.   It  is  a  graveyard  of  human  effort. 

Messrs.  Tose  and  Hinkley  saw  four  more  deer  during  the 
day  but  did  not  take  any  of  them.  On  our  trip  to  Gill  Peak 
we  saw  only  abundant  signs  of  the  animals.  During  this  entire 
trip  of  about  seven  hours'  duration  we  saw  four  land  birds  and 
four  only.    These  were  three  wrens  and  a  shrike. 

Late  in  the  evening  Mr.  Anthony  and  I  visited  the  sea-lion 
rookery  at  the  north  end  and  estimated  the  number  of  animals 
at  approximately  1000.  Harems  had  completely  broken  up 
and  the  herd  was  hauled  on  the  beaches  away  from  the  rookery 
ground.  We  wanted  to  be  sure  no  fur  seals  had  hauled  out 
here  near  the  sea  lions.  On  the  way  back  we  were  greatly  im- 
pressed by  the  inconceivable  numbers  of  fishes  in  these  clear 
waters. 

On  the  morning  of  August  10  Messrs.  Tose  and  Hinkley 
returned  to  the  ship  after  a  cold  night  spent  sleeping  in  the 
hills.  They  wanted  to  be  out  late  in  the  evening  and  at  daylight 
in  the  morning  in  hopes  of  securing  specimens  which  otherwise 
are  unobtainable,  particularly  birds,  but  little  success  attended 
their  commendable  efforts.  They  did  bring  back  another  male 
deer. 

At  seven-thirty  a.  m.  we  left  the  mine  anchorage  and  re- 
turned again  to  Bernstein's  camp.  His  launch,  the  Marian, 
had  been  there  the  day  before  and  left  supplies  for  the  Tecate. 
At  anchor  we  found  the  auxiliary  schooner,  Gipsy  Girl,  from 
San  Pedro,  California,  with  Captain  Farnsworth,  Mr.  Peabody 
and  Dr.  Spencer  on  board. 

We  left  the  anchorage  the  same  day  and  stopped  for  the 
night  at  the  west  end  of  South  Bay,  too  late  to  explore  much. 


270  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Traps  were  put  out,  however,  and  next  morning,  August  11, 
they  contained  six  Peromyscus  and  one  Perognathus.  At  six 
a.  m.  we  sailed  around  the  southwest  corner  of  Cedros  to  the 
abalone  collecting  station  maintained  by  Bernstein  Brothers. 
The  station  is  on  the  southwest  peninsula  in  the  protection  of 
some  off  shore  projections  called  "Red  Rocks." 

Messrs.  Tose,  Hinkley  and  Slevin  went  ashore  collecting  at 
eight  a.  m.  After  tramping  all  day  and  until  five  p.  m.  that 
evening,  the  ornithologists  came  back  with  the  news  that  they 
had  found  a  skull  of  an  elephant  seal  on  the  beach.  This  was 
an  interesting  record  as  it  showed  something  of  the  former 
distribution  of  the  species.  After  nine  hours  of  search  the  same 
men  saw  only  one  land  bird,  a  wren.  Mr.  Slevin  took  57 
lizards  representing  only  two  sj^jecies.  Messrs.  Cuesta-Terron, 
Gonzales,  Angulo,  Anthony  and  I  visited  the  abalone  divers  at 
work  in  the  kelp  and  examined  the  red  rocks  at  close  range. 
The  outer  one  had  50,  the  inner  250  California  sea  lions,  but 
no  fur  seals.  Both  islands  are  low  and  the  surf  breaks  over 
them  in  storms. 

One  of  the  men  at  the  camp  had  killed  a  female  deer  that 
morning  and  he  gave  us  the  skin  and  skull.  He  also  gave  us 
two  other  skins,  a  pair  of  fine  buck  horns  and  a  good  skull  of 
a  porpoise. 

We  ate  lunch  on  shore  at  the  camp  and  at  two  p.  m.  I  went 
down  in  one  of  the  diver's  outfits  in  24  feet  of  water.  It  was 
the  most  marvelous  sight  I  have  ever  seen.  The  sensation  ex- 
perienced of  mioving  about  among  the  fishes,  the  star  fishes, 
the  anemones  and  the  giant  swaying  fronds  of  seaweed  is  inde- 
scribable. Purple  coraline  algae  covers  much  of  the  rocky  bot- 
tom at  this  point  and  against  it  as  a  background  the  golden 
garibaldis  looked  like  gems.  Many  other  fishes  swam  about 
and  inspected  me  from  all  angles.  It  was  rather  disconcerting 
to  have  them  stare  into  the  helmet  at  me.  Abalones  were  very 
common  but  they  carried  so  many  other  things  about,  growing 
commensually  on  their  shells,  that  they  were  difficult  to  see  at 
first.  The  diver  in  operation  prys  them  loose  with  a  bar  and 
puts  them  in  an  iron  basket  to  be  hauled  to  the  surface.  These 
men  stay  down  for  four  hours  at  a  time  but  I  found  it  very 
fatiguing  after  a  few  minutes. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANN A— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  271 

The  country  in  the  vicinity  of  this  camp  is  exceedingly 
barren  and  dry.^"  There  is  very  little  vegetation  of  any  kind. 
One  of  the  men  told  us  there  was  a  third  giant  cactus  tree  on 
the  west  side  of  Cedros  Mountain  in  addition  to  the  two  found 
by  Mr.  Slevin  and  me  on  the  south  side.  This  may  be  of  in- 
terest to  botanists  because  the  species  would  very  likely  be  over- 
looked on  casual  inspection  of  the  island,  yet  it  is  a  definite 
resident.  The  two  individuals  we  examined  were  about  1 5  feet 
high. 

During  our  stay  on  Cedros  Island  we  did  not  see  any  of  the 
do2:s  which  are  said  to  have  g-one  wild  on  the  island.  Cats  are 
said  also  to  be  found  in  the  hills,  and  the  people  at  Bernstein's 
main  camp  had  a  gentle  young  kitten  which  they  said  had  come 
to  them  two  months  previously. 

At  seven  a.  m.  of  August  12  we  left  the  abalone  station 
at  Red  Rocks  after  taking  up  the  traps  and  the  six  wild  mice 
they  contained.  The  ship  was  taken  to  the  harbor  on  West 
Benito  Island,  where  we  went  ashore  at  nine-thirty  a.  m. 
Messrs.  Cuesta-Terron,  Anthony  and  I  spent  the  rest  of  the 
forenoon  surv^eying  the  shores  for  fur  seals  but  we  found  none. 
It  has  been  reported  that  these  animals  may  have  been  on  the 
San  Benito  Islands  since  they  were  exterminated  on  Guadalupe. 
Mr.  Rufus  A.  Coleman,  a  member  of  the  California  Academy 
of  Sciences,  visited  West  Benito  in  1916  with  the  steamer 
Albatross  and  saw  some  animals  which  he  thought  possibly 
may  have  been  fur  seals.  We  found  only  about  150  California 
sea  lions  on  the  rookery  ground. 

On  the  beach  opposite  the  landing  we  found  many  bones  of 
elephant  seals  and  four  fairly  good  skulls  were  saved.  Our 
cook  on  the  Tecatc  stated  that  he  was  on  West  Benito  six 
months  in  1918  in  a  lobster  camp  and  saw  two  elephant  seals 
on  the  same  beach.  About  the  same  time  six  were  found  on  the 
southeast  corner  of  East  Benito,  one  of  which  he  shot.  The 
islands  were  probably  used  only  for  a  hauling  ground  and  the 
presence  of  these  remains  here,  on  Cedros  Island,  and  the  ani- 
mals found  in  1888  at  San  Cristobal  Bay,  may  furnish  a  clue 
as  to  the  migration  of  the  species  from  Guadalupe.  Miss  M.  E. 
McLellan  has  called  attention  to  the  belief  of  some  naturalists^^ 


'"  See  figure  in  Nat.  Geog.  Magazine,  Vol.  44,  No.  1,  July,  1923,  p.  90. 
"  See  Anthony,  Journ.   Mammalogy,  Vol.   5,  No.   3,   1924,  p.   149. 


272  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

that  the  elephant  seal  of  Chile  and  Guadalupe  are  one  and  the 
same  species.  While  statements  of  Harris  and  Rothschild^^ 
cannot  as  yet  be  definitely  disproved  it  is  doubtful  if  the  north- 
ern animal  can  cross  the  equator  twice  each  year  and  still  be 
where  the  records  show  it  to  have  been  on  certain  dates.  The 
two  groups  may  be  the  same  species  but  I  doubt  if  they  are 
part  of  the  same  herd  and  if  they  ever  associate  together. 

The  afternoon  of  August  12  was  spent  in  general  collecting. 
Least,  black  and  Soccoro  petrels  were  taken  from  burrows  and 
in  rock  slides.  (See  pi.  17,  fig.  3.)  Some  fresh  eggs  were  found. 
A  specimen  of  McGregor's  house  finch,  confined  to  the  San 
Benitos,  was  one  of  the  very  desirable  species  of  birds  taken. 
San  Benito  sparrows  were  common. 

Land  shells  ( Micrarionta  pandorcs)  were  living  in  abundance 
in  the  rock  slides  and  a  sufficient  number  was  taken  to  study 
the  excessive  variation  of  the  species. 

House  cats  have  gone  wild  on  this  island  as  on  most  of  the 
others  visited. 

On  West  Benito  there  was  a  camp  for  the  collection  and  dry- 
ing of  abalones ;  it  was  owned  by  a  Japanese  who  had  a  con- 
cession for  the  work.  Large  quantities  of  "meats"  were  on  the 
frames  drying  and  the  methods  employed  were  essentially  the 
same  as  those  already  described.  All  fuel  and  freshwater  has  to 
be  brought  from  San  Diego  as  there  is  none  of  either  on  the 
San  Benitos." 

No  signs  of  mice  or  rats  were  seen  on  West  Benito  Island 
but  lizards  belonging  to  one  species  were  common. 

In  the  early  morning  light  of  August  13  Messrs.  Slevin, 
Anthony  and  I  rowed  to  Middle  Benito  Island  for  two  hours' 
collecting.  No  land  shells  were  found  but  many  desirable  beetles 
were  collected.  San  Benito  sparrows  and  a  duck  hawk  were 
collected.  Least,  Socorro  and  black  petrels  and  western 
gulls  nest  on  the  island.  Cats  are  apparently  very  abundant  if 
we  may  judge  by  the  remains  of  petrels  about  the  burrows.  A 
great  many  elephant  seals  and  sea  lions  have  been  killed  on  the 

^^  Rothschild,  Notes  on  Sea  Elephants  (Novitates  Zoologicse,  Vol.   17,    1910,  pp.  445. 
446). 

^  See  figure  in  Nat.  Geog.  Magazine,  Vol.  44,  No.   1,  July,   1923,  p.  94. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANN A— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  27Z 

island  in  the  past;  their  bones  were  abundant.    Many  bones 
of  whales  also  were  seen. 

No  mice  or  rats  were  found  on  the  island  but  there  were 
small  lizards  belonging-  to  the  genus  Uta. 

After  breakfast  the  ship  was  moved  to  East  Benito  and  4 J/2 
hours  were  spent  in  shore  collecting.  Land  shells  of  the  Micra- 
rionta  group  were  abundant  and  I  found  another  species  be- 
longing to  the  family  Pupillidse  not  previously  known  from  the 
islands.  It  was  found  only  in  one  rock  pile  on  the  east  side 
of  the  island. 

San  Benito  sparrows  were  collected  and  I  took  a  mummi- 
fied hermit  thrush  from  the  thorns  of  a  "cholla."  One  house 
finch  was  seen.  That  species  is  now  practicaly  extinct  and  it  is 
somewhat  doubtful  if  any  other  field  collector  will  ever  see  it 
alive.  If  the  absence  of  the  birds  was  due  to  migration  then 
the  distinctness  of  the  form  might  well  be  questioned.  Pelicans 
nest  on  the  east  side  of  the  island  and  Brandt's  cormorants  on 
the  west. 

About  1,000  California  sea  lions  were  found  on  the  east  side 
in  the  "fiords."  Mr.  Slevin  took  lizards  belonging  to  the  genus 
Uta  on  this  island.  On  East  Benito  Island  I  had  the  interesting 
experience  of  being  stung  on  the  knee  by  a  scorpion,  and  thus 
an  opportunity  was  afforded  to  test  the  "deadliness"  of  this 
arachnid.  The  sensation  was  about  that  of  being  stung  by  a 
honey  bee  but  the  pain  did  not  last  as  long.  A  slight  but  tem- 
porary swelling  resulted  and  the  spot  was  red  for  perhaps  a 
week.  An  hour  after  the  sting  the  wound  would  never  have 
been  noticed  except  for  a  slight  itching  which  was  noticeable 
for  fully  a  month  afterwards. 

There  is  some  evidence  of  house  mice  on  East  Benito ;  many 
small  land  shells  were  broken  open  in  a  manner  similar  to  those 
on  Guadalupe,  the  work  there  having  been  attributed  to  the 
mice.  Cats  were  also  abundant  on  East  Benito  and  they  were 
wreaking  havoc  among  the  petrels. 

The  three  San  Benito  Islands  are  small  and  close  together 
in  an  east- west  line.  The  westernmost  one  is  about  661  feet 
high  and  is  composed  largely  of  Franciscan  chert  of  Jurassic 
age,  beautifully  contorted  and  laminated.   There  has  been  some 


274  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

metamorphism  of  the  sediments  on  the  south  side.^*  The  Mid- 
dle Island,  the  smallest  of  the  three,  is  composed  entirely  of 
chert.  East  Benito  is  high  and  rugged  and  largely  metamor- 
phic.  Schist,  marble  and  quartz  are  abundant  rocks.  Only  the 
tops  of  the  three  conspicuous  hills  disclose  the  Franciscan  chert 
formation.  All  of  the  islands  show  the  Pleistocene  submer- 
gence and  subsequent  uplift.  They  were  not  down  long  because 
the  sediments  deposited  are  very  superficial.  The  eastern  island 
seems  to  have  been  down  the  shortest  time  and  the  fiord  forma- 
tion of  the  shore  line  indicates  that  it  was  not  elevated  to  the 
original  level  again. 

Most  of  the  available  shore  lines  of  the  islands  were  occu- 
pied by  California  sea  Hons.^* 

We  left  East  Benito  Island  at  two  p.  m.  for  San  Quintin 
Bay.  A  brisk  northerly  wind  and  heavy  swell  held  us  back  all 
afternoon  and  the  following  night. 

We  arrived  at  San  Quintin  at  noon  of  August  14  and  hur- 
riedly took  on  fuel.  This  being  completed  at  two-thirty  p.  m. 
we  left  at  once  for  San  Martin  Island,  near  the  entrance  of  the 
bay.  It  was  five-thirty  p.  m.  before  we  were  safely  anchored 
but  all  of  the  party  hurried  ashore  to  collect  as  much  as  possible 
before  darkness  overtook  us. 

The  main  part  of  the  island  is  volcanic,  and  densely  covered 
with  cactus,  brush  and  huge  blocks  of  lava.  Caves  and  blow- 
holes are  everywhere  and  at  the  top  there  is  a  crater. 

Several  species  of  plants  are  found  only  on  this  island,  one 
being  a  magnificent  Dudleya  waist  high. 

The  deep  cavities  and  crevices  are  occupied  by  numerous 
woodrats  with  black  feet.  The  Japanese  in  the  past  have  at- 
tempted to  destroy  these  rodents,  first  by  introducing  cats  then 
by  burning  the  brush  systematically  but  neither  course  proved 
effective.    The  cats  appear  to  live  on  birds  and  beach  debris. 

A  frame  house  in  good  condition  was  formerly  occupied  by 
a  Japanese  abalone  camp  but  was  empty  at  the  time  of  our  visit. 
Net  racks  close  by  were  being  used  by  the  purse  seiners  to  re- 
pair their  fishing  gear.  Three  of  their  boats  anchored  in  the 
little  cove  where  we  were  for  the  night.  They  were  manned  by 
Austrians. 


*♦  See  figures  in  Nat.  Geog.  Mag.,  Vol.  44,  No.  1,  July,  1923,  pp.  86,  87. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANKA— EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND  275 

I  succeeded  in  finding  four  or  five  species  of  land  snails  on 
the  island  and  Mr.  Tose  collected  a  rock  wren,  which  has  been 
described  as  a  distinct  subspecies. 

A  snake  was  seen  among-  the  great  lava  blocks  but  it  could 
not  be  captured,  much  to  the  regret  of  Mr.  Slevin ;  no  species 
had  ever  been  collected  on  San  Martin. 

At  seven  p.  m.  the  boats  were  hoisted  and  we  sailed  for  En- 
senada.  This  we  reached  at  nine  a.  m,  of  August  15.  The  day 
in  port  was  largely  spent  in  packing  collections  and  equipment 
and  making  general  preparations  to  disembark  next  day  at  San 
Diego.  This  we  did  at  nine  a.  m.  when  the  expedition  came 
to  its  logical  end. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  12 


HANNAI  Plate  15 


Fig.  1. 


The  Mexican  Government's  Fisheries  Patrol  Boat,  Tecate,  at  anchor  at  East 
Benito  Island.  The  Tecate  was  motor  driven  and  had  a  cruising  radius  of 
about  1000  miles. 


■^. 


1.  r 


zJOdC^fi^v^. 


^^^. 


Fig.  2.  One  of  the  circular,  flat-topped  piles  of  stones  on  the  smooth  "pegging  out" 
ground  of  the  ancient  fur  seal  killing  ground  of  South  Rookery,  Guadalupe 
Island.  Presumably  these  piles  of  stones  were  used  as  a  place  to  assemble 
the  skins  so  as  to  keep  them  clean,  either  before  or  after  drying,  but  probably 
before. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  12 


[HANNA]   Plate  16 


Fig.  1.    A  general  view  of  the  herd  of  elephant  seals  on  the  beach  at  Guadalupe  Island, 
July  12,  1922. 


')^«*i^ 


Fig.  2.    A  full  grown  male  elephant  seal  in  eharacteristic  resting  attitude  on  the  beach  at 
Guadalupe  Island. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI,,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  12 


HANNAI  Plate  17 


Fig.  1.    Walls  of  one  of  the  houses  occupied  about  a  centur\-  ago  by  the  hunters  who 
succeeded  in  totahy  exterminating  the  fine  Guadalujse  Island  fur  seal. 


Fig.  2.    Guadakii)e  Island  house  finch.       Fig.  3.    Downy  young  of  black  petrel  on  West  Benito  Island. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  12 


HANNAl   Plate  18 


^•^^^ 


Fig.  1.  Grove  of  pine  trees  on  the  crest  of  a  ridge  on  the  north  side  of  Grand  Canon, 
Cedros  Island.  These  have  been  erroneouslv  called  "cedar  trees."  iSee 
Tovvnsend,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Vol.  35,  1916,  fig.  9,  p.  412.) 


Fig.  2.    Vegetation  in  tlu'  little  oasis  surmundinjj  Bernstein's  Spring,  the  largest  sujjply 
of  potable  water  on  any  of  the  islands  off  the  west  coast  of  Lower  California. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  12 


HANNAI  Plate  19 


Fig.  1.    Characteristic  attitude  of  Cedros  Island  elephant  tree;  the  barrenness  of  the 
landscape  otherwise,  is  noteworthy. 


Fig.  2.  A  portion  of  the  grove  of  palm  trees  in  Esparsa  Canon,  Guadalupe  Island.  No 
}'oung  trees  or  seedlings  could  be  found,  and  unless  the  species  is  transplanted 
to  safe  surroundings,  it  must  inevitably  disappear,  due  to  the  depredation  of 
the  goats  on  the  island. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.   13,  pp.  277-320.  September  5,  1925 


XIII 

EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND,  MEXICO, 

IN  1922^ 

THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS 

BY 

A.  W.  ANTHONY 

The  "Tecate"  sailed  from  San  Diego,  July  9,  touching  at 
Ensenada  the  same  day  to  pick  up  several  of  the  Mexican 
members  of  the  party.  From  that  port  it  sailed  direct  to 
Guadalupe  Island  which  was  circumnavigated.  A  week  was 
devoted  to  that  island,  including-  two  trips  to  the  top  and  pine 
belt  at  the  north  end.  From  Guadalupe  the  vessel  returned 
for  fuel  to  San  Quintin,  where  three  days  were  spent  making 
investigations  before  proceeding  to  Magdalena  Bay  and  return, 
touching  at  all  the  coast  islands  en  route  with  the  exception  of 
San  Geronimo,  as  well  as  collecting  to  a  limited  extent  at 
several  mainland  points.  The  expedition  returned  to  San 
Diego,  August  16,  having  sailed  over  1,400  miles. 

Owing  to  the  season,  the  collections  of  birds  were  quite  un- 
satisfactory, all  species  being  in  moulting  condition.  How- 
ever, the  expedition  served  as  a  reconnoissance  to  enable  us  to 
plan  for  further  work  in  the  future. 

As  there  have  been  but  few  papers  treating  of  the  insular 
life  of  Lower  California,  a  brief  sketch  of  the  islands  in  their 
relation  to  the  mainland  may  be  of  interest.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  Guadalupe,  all  the  islands  of  that  part  of  the  coast  have 

^  This  is  paper  No.  2  of  the  Tecate  Expedition.     No.   1,  the  Narrative,  gives  a  com- 
plete itinerary.     See  this  volume,  pp.  217-275. 

September  5,   1925 


273  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

at  some  time  been  a  part  of  the  mainland.  All  but  the  above 
exception  lie  at  no  great  distance  off  shore  and  the  water  be- 
tween is  of  a  depth  indicating  a  somewhat  recent  separation. 
At  all  points  from  San  Quintin  south  to  Magdalena  Bay,  in- 
cluding both  islands  and  mainland,  is  found  abundant  evidence 
of  a  recent  uprising  of  from  20  to  30  feet  above  the  present 
sea  level.  In  his  pai:>er  on  the  geology  of  this  section.  Dr. 
Hanna  will  treat  this  subject  in  full. 

Land  mammals  are  found  on  all  of  the  islands  with  the  ex- 
ception of  Guadalupe  and  the  Benitos.  The  first  mentioned  has 
neither  reptiles  nor  mammals,  except  introduced  mice,  goats 
and  cats,  while  the  Benitos  boast  one  species  of  lizard.  Cedros, 
lying  15  miles  from  nearest  points  of  the  mainland,  is  the 
largest  island,  save  those  bordering  Magdalena  Bay  on  the 
west,  which  are  so  nearly  a  part  of  the  mainland  as  to  bar  them 
from  the  brotherhood  of  islands.  Viscaino,  in  1602,  visited 
Cedros,  and  he,  with  other  explorers  of  this  early  day,  men- 
tions rabbits  as  "black  as  jet  with  fur  softer  than  a  beaver's." 
They  must  have  been  well  bleached  since  that  day,  and  have 
been  ever  since  I  have  known  them.  Some  of  the  early  Spanish 
explorers  also  credit  Cedros  with  a  considerable  population  of 
"bold  Indians."  So  far  as  present  records  go,  there  is  no  evi- 
dence of  this  or  other  coast  islands  south  of  the  Coronados  ever 
having  been  inhabited  by  Indians. 

At  an  early  date  a  coast  whaler  left  goats  on  Guadalupe  and 
Cedros,  with  the  evident  intent  of  securing  a  supply  of  fresh 
meat.  Though  Cedros  seems  to  be  better  suited  than  Gua- 
dalupe for  the  requirements  of  a  reasonable  goat,  they  never 
seem  to  have  become  overly  abundant  on  that  island.  Gua- 
dalupe, however,  has  been  for  many  years  so  overstocked,  des- 
pite the  thousands  that  have  been  killed,  that  the  entire  floral 
life  of  the  island  is  doomed.  Many  species  of  plants,  and  some 
genera  peculiar  to  the  island,  have  been  entirely  exterminated, 
and  not  even  a  pine,  oak  or  palm  can  look  down  upon  a  seedling 
to  replace  the  aged  trees  now  beginning  to  fall.  A  sprout  of  any 
kind  is  nipped  as  soon  as  it  is  above  the  soil.  It  is  estimated 
that  a  goat  census  of  Guadalupe  would  show  from  30,000  to 
50,000  animals.  As  long  ago  as  1887.  when  the  present  writer 
first  became  acquainted  with  the  islands,  15,000  goat  skins  per 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  279 

annum  were  being  exported  without  causing  any  noticeable 
difference  in  the  herds.  Since  that  day,  many  concessionaires 
have  attempted  the  business  and  failed,  owing  to  the  slight  dif- 
ference between  the  cost  of  skins  and  the  selling  price  on  the 
mainland. 

If  the  goats  have  been  busy  in  reducing  the  floral  list  of  the 
island,  the  cats  that  were  introduced  at  some  time  in  the  past 
have  lost  no  time  in  exterminating  the  birds.  At  this  date  all 
of  the  land  species  have  been  reduced  to  no  better  than  ten  per 
cent  of  their  abundance  in  1887,  and  several  have  entirely  dis- 
appeared. For  several  years  past  there  have  been  no  records  of 
the  Guadalupe  Caracara,  flicker,  towhee  or  wren  (Thryomanes 
brevicauda) ,  and  they  no  doubt  are  totally  extinct.  Kinglets 
and  crossbills,  formerly  plentiful  in  the  pines  at  the  north  end 
of  the  island,  were  not  found  by  us,  and  they  quite  likely  belong 
to  the  list  of  those  destroyed  by  cats.  The  end  of  all  the  land 
species  of  the  islands,  with  the  exception  of  such  as  Buteo 
borealis  caliirus,  is  a  matter  of  but  a  few  years.  Within  the 
past  25  years  the  fishermen  of  the  Lower  California  coast, 
chiefly  Japanese,  have  introduced  cats  on  every  island  north  of 
Magdalena  Bay,  and  the  effect  is  noticeable  at  this  early  day. 

Upon  the  San  Benito  Islands,  the  land  birds,  abundant  but  a 
few  years  ago,  have  almost  disappeared.  At  the  time  I  last 
called  at  these  islands  in  1898,  one  might  easily  have  collected 
a  dozen  Carpodacus  mcgregori  in  an  hour.  In  August  of  the 
current  year,  four  of  our  party  for  two  days  made  this  species 
a  special  object,  with  the  result  that  one  was  secured  and 
another  seen.  Petrels  and  other  small  water  birds  have  also 
suffered  heavily  on  Guadalupe,  and  unless  there  may  be  some 
other  as  yet  undiscovered  nesting  ground  of  the  Guadalupe 
Petrel  it  will  soon  be  extinct.  The  only  known  colony  at  the 
north  end  of  Guadalupe  seems  to  be  entirely  destroyed.  A  few 
birds  seem  to  have  been  nesting  in  the  cliffs,  and  if  such 
colonies  are  sufficiently  extensive  the  species  may  endure  for 
several  years. 

The  present  list  of  birds  and  mammals  is  of  species  seen 
and  mostly  collected,  but  one  or  two  are  included  on  evidence 
furnished  by  others ;  the  source  of  such  data  is  mentioned 
in  the  text.     Many  species  not  mentioned  are  known  to  occur 

September  5.   1925 


9gQ  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

within  the  limits  of  the  region  covered,  but  after  an  absence 
of  a  quarter  of  a  century,  I  am  in  doubt  as  to  their  present 
status  and  will  leave  them  for  future  investigation. 

List  of  Species  of  Birds 
1.     Ptychoramphus   aleuticus,     Cassin's  Auklet 

This  species  was  quite  common  at  all  seasons  as  far  south  as 
28  degrees,  at  least.  At  the  time  of  our  visit,  all  had  abandoned 
their  nesting  grounds  and  were  at  sea.  Nowhere  did  we  see 
flocks  of  more  than  five  or  six — more  often  single  birds  or 
pairs.  Two  specimens  in  badly  worn  plumage  were  taken  at 
Guadalupe. 

2.     Brachyramphus  hypoleucus.     Xantus's  Murrelet 

This  species  was  in  badly  worn  plumage  and  several  of  the 
birds  seen  at  sea  seemed  unable  to  leave  the  water.  They 
were  not  uncommon  as  far  south  as  Magdalena,  but  none  was 
found  on  land.  In  digging  for  eggs  of  Oceanodroma  at  San 
Benito  Island,  August  12,  a  downy  0.  monorhis  was  found  in 
a  burrow  with  an  addled  tgg  of  the  Murrelet.  I  have  never 
found  this  species  nesting  in  a  burrow  of  this  nature,  the  many 
eggs  that  I  have  taken  in  the  past  being  either  among  the  rocks 
or  under  overhanging  curtains  of  thick  grass  or  other  vegeta- 
tion. In  either  situation,  subdued  daylight  reached  the  brood- 
ing bird.  I  am  inclined  to  think  this  Murrelet  pairs  for  life,  as 
it  is  quite  the  rule  to  find  either  a  pair  of  birds  or  at  most  two 
pairs  in  company. 

3.     Stercorarius  parasiticus.     Parasitic  Jaeger 

This  species  is  not  uncommon  along  the  coast  covered,  but 
is  not  often  seen  as  early  as  August.  On  July  31  three  or  four 
were  noted  south  of  Abreojos  Point,  Lat.  26°  40'  N.  They 
were  not  seen  again. 

4.     Larus  occidentalis.     Western  Gull 

The  dominant  species  of  the  genus,  and  the  only  one  nesting 
at  present  in  the  region  under  discussion.  About  Guadalupe 
Island  a  few  were  seen.  July  11  to  17.  with  young  not  yet  on 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  281 

the  wing.  There  seemed  to  be  only  a  scattering  few  gulls  about 
this  off-shore  island,  as  not  over  10  to  12  pairs  were  seen  at 
any  one  spot.  On  all  other  islands  they  are  more  or  less  abun- 
dant as  far  as  Magdalena  Bay.  Young,  but  a  short  time  from 
the  tgg,  were  seen  as  late  as  the  first  of  August,  and  these 
belated  broods  may  perhaps  be  due  to  the  rookeries  being 
raided  earlier  in  the  season  by  fishermen,  who  take  the  eggs  as 
long  as  they  can  be  found  in  an  edible  condition. 

5.     Larus  heermanni.     Heermann's  Gull 

On  the  voyage  south,  this  species  was  not  seen  until  we 
reached  San  Quintin  Bay,  July  18,  where  a  dozen  in  juvenile 
plumage  were  noted.  They  were  seen  sparingly  south  to  Mag- 
dalena Bay,  and  on  August  2  at  San  Roque  Island  a  flock  of 
about  1,000  were  met  with,  mostly  immature  birds.  Formerly 
there  was  a  nesting  colony  on  this  island,  but  from  indications 
I  would  say  it  has  been  destroyed  by  the  resident  fishermen. 
From  notes  furnished  me  by  those  who  have  recently  visited 
the  nesting  grounds  of  this  gull  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  I  do 
not  hesitate  to  state  that  unless  protection  is  offered  at  once 
the  species  will  soon  be  extinct.  Large  colonies  are  still  found 
nesting  on  the  islands  to  the  west  of  Guaymas,  but  boats  from 
that  port  haunt  the  nesting  grounds  as  long  as  there  is  any 
chance  of  securing  one  more  tgg,  and  the  tgg  that  hatched 
has  been  the  rare  exception.  A  few  years  ago  this  was  one  of 
our  common  gulls  along  the  coast  of  California,  as  far  north 
as  Santa  Barbara.  At  all  seasons  of  the  year  a  few  at  least 
might  be  depended  upon  to  be  found  along  the  kelp  beds  out- 
side the  harbor  of  San  Diego.  During  the  past  six  years  only 
one  has  been  noted.  A  few  seen  on  the  rocks  at  La  Jolla,  fif- 
teen miles  north  of  San  Diego,  the  past  year  are  all  that  I  have 
any  record  of. 

6.     Xema  sabini.     Sabine's  Gull(?) 

Off  Abreojos  Point,  July  31,  we  met  with  large  flocks 
of  shearwaters  and  elegant  terns  feeding  on  the  very  abundant 
fry.  With  the  thousands  of  the  above  species  were  several 
small  gulls  that  filled  the  requirements  for  this  species  better 
than  any  other.   Owing  to  their  distance  from  the  boat,  positive 


282  CALIFORXIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

identification  was  impossible.  We  again  fell  in  with  25  or  more 
of  the  same  species  off  Todos  Santos  Islands,  August  15,  under 
exactly  similar  conditions. 

7.     Sterna  m.axima.     Roval  Tern 

Formerly  this  species,  like  the  Heermann's  Gull,  was  abun- 
dant all  along  the  coast  of  southern  and  Lower  California. 
They  were  seen  at  San  Quintin  Bay  and  Cedros  Island  during 
our  voyage  in  July  and  August,  but  only  in  very  small  num- 
bers. I  can  only  attribute  their  scarcity  to  the  fact  that  the 
fishermen  have  raided  the  nesting  grounds  to  such  an  extent 
that  the  species  is  becoming  rare  on  this  coast. 

8.     Sterna  elegans.     Elegant  Tern 

The  elegant  tern  was  seen  at  several  stations  from  San 
Quintin  south  to  Magdalena  Bay,  but  like  the  royal,  there 
were  but  few  compared  to  their  former  abundance.  At  Abre- 
ojos  Point,  however,  on  July  31.  we  found  a  large  mixed  flock 
of  sea  birds  feeding  on  sardines.  Ninety-eight  per  cent  of  the 
flock — estimated  to  be  25,000  birds — was  of  this  species,  with 
young  of  the  year  predominating.  I  have  been  told  that 
formerly  there  was  a  large  nesting  colony  of  this  species  on 
San  Roque  or  Asuncion  Island,  but  that  the  constant  persecu- 
tion had  driven  them  away.  As  all  of  the  islands  along  this 
coast  for  500  miles  are  used  as  permanent  fishing  camps  during 
the  entire  nesting  season,  and  as  the  Japanese  and  Austrians 
composing  the  personnel  of  these  stations  depend  on  eggs  for 
their  table,  so  long  as  any  are  to  be  found,  there  would  seem  to 
be  small  chance  for  any  of  the  gulls  and  terns.  If  the  toll  of 
eggs  exacted  by  the  fisherman  was  the  sum  total  paid,  the  dam- 
age might  be  safely  disregarded,  but  as  will  be  instantly  recog- 
nized by  any  who  have  visited  an  island  where  gulls  are  to  be 
found,  and  terns  or  cormorants  are  nesting,  the  real  slaughter 
begins  when  man,  followed  by  a  cloud  of  screaming  gulls. 
drives  the  nesting  birds  from  their  eggs  or  young.  The  gulls, 
pouncing  down  on  the  undefended  nests,  destroy  eggs  or  young 
by  thousands,  and  a  frequent  disturbance  of  this  nature,  even 
though  no  eggs  are  taken  by  the  fishermen,  will  naturally  des- 
troy the  species. 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  283 

9.  Sterna  forsteri,     Forster's  Tern 

A  few  of  this  species  were  seen  with  the  last  mentioned  at 
Abreojos  Point,  also  a  few  at  San  Ouintin  Bay  on  August  14, 
the  vanguard  of  the  fall  migration. 

10.  Sterna  antillarum.     Least  Tern 

At  Abreojos  Point  there  were  half  a  dozen  of  the  least  terns 
fishing  in  the  shallow  water  inside  the  surf  line.  They  did 
not  seem  to  care  for  the  company  of  the  thousands  of  their 
larger  cousins  and  the  deeper  waters. 

11.     Chlidonias  nigra  surinamensis.   Black  Tern 

One  or  two  of  the  black  terns  were  seen  with  the  large  flock 
of  elegant  terns  at  Abreojos,  and  a  day  or  two  later  a  few 
along  the  kelp  beds  100  miles  north.  This  species  is  not  un- 
common during  the  fall  migrations  about  the  kelp  beds  of  the 
entire  coast,  but  does  not  seem  to  linger  long. 

12.     Diomedea  nigripes.     Black-footed  Albatross 

This  species  seems  to  be  far  less  common  along  the  southern 
coast  than  it  was  25  years  ago.  On  our  cruise  to  Magdalena 
Bay  none  was  seen  until  we  neared  Guadalupe  Island,  July  11, 
when  two  were  picked  up  at  daybreak  and  followed  the  ship 
until  we  reached  the  island.  They  were  seen  sparingly  as  far 
south  as  between  25°  and  26°.  Formerly  I  found  the  short- 
tailed  albatross  (D.  alhatriis)  equally  common  and  over  the 
same  range  as  nigripes,  but  none  was  seen  the  past  summer, 
nor  have  I  seen  during  the  past  two  years  an  albatross  of  either 
species  between  Point  Loma  and  the  Coronado  Islands,  where 
they  were  formerly  of  regular  occurrence,  though  I  have  visited 
these  islands  perhaps  20  times  within  the  time  mentioned.  The 
raids  made  by  the  Japanese  on  the  nesting  colonies  between 
Hawaii  and  Japan  no  doubt  account  for  the  present  scarcity  of 
birds  along  our  coast. 


2g4  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  Of  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

13.     Fulmarus  glacialis.     Fulmar 

The  skull  of  a  fulmar  was  picked  up  on  the  beach  at  the 
south  end  of  Cedros  Island.  While  fulmars  are  more  or  less 
common  during  the  winter  months  along  this  coast,  we  were 
too  early  to  meet  with  them, 

14.     Puffinus  creatopus.     Pink-footed  Shearwater 

This  species  was  found  more  or  less  abundant  all  along  the 
coast  and  for  50  miles  or  more  at  sea.  Their  presence  seemed, 
as  with  all  of  the  other  shearwaters,  to  depend  entirely  on  the 
small  fish  on  which  they  feed.  At  several  points  along  the 
shore  flocks  of  many  thousands  of  shearwaters  were  seen. 
Always  such  flocks  were  composed  of  the  several  species  of 
Puffinus  found  on  this  coast,  with  a  sprinkling  of  gulls,  cor- 
morants and  pelicans. 

15.     Puffinus  opisthomelas.     Black-vented  Shearwater 

Generally  distributed  over  the  entire  region  covered  by  the 
expedition  and  by  far  more  abundant  near  Natividad  Island, 
where  the  largest  known  nesting  colonies  are  found.  On 
August  4th,  Dr.  Hanna  and  the  writer  opened  25  or  more 
burrows,  with  the  result  that  four  birds  were  secured,  one 
being  a  juvenile,  showing  but  little  of  the  natal  down,  other- 
wise the  plumage  was  not  to  be  distinguished  from  the  adults. 
From  the  tracks  about  the  burrows  I  think  that  the  birds 
visited  the  nests  each  night,  though  for  what  reason  after  the 
young  had  departed,  would  be  hard  to  say.  On  a  former  visit 
to  Natividad,  in  September,  I  found  fresh  tracks  about  the 
entrances  of  the  burrows,  but  did  not  succeed  in  taking  any 
birds,  though  many  nests  were  opened.  Fresh  eggs  in  abun- 
dance have  been  found  in  the  Natividad  colonies  in  April,  the 
birds  beginning  to  occupy  the  burrows  some  weeks  earlier  but 
at  just  what  date  we  have,  as  yet,  no  records,  but  it  is  evident 
that  at  least  five  months  are  spent  in  the  region  of  the  breeding 
grounds.  On  Natividad,  as  at  Guadalupe  and  the  San  Benitos 
where  this  species  nests  to  some  extent,  the  introduced  cats 
have  killed  many  adult  birds.  As  cats  have  been  recorded  on 
all  of  the  known  nesting  islands  of  the  s[>ecies,  it  would  seem 


Vol.  XIVJ  ANTHOSV—rHE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  285 

to  be  only  a  matter  of  time  until  the  shearwater  will  be  extinct. 
On  two  or  three  occasions  shearwaters,  the  size  of  opistho- 
melas,  were  seen  that  were  ashy  gray  above  and  below  but 
otherwise  similar  to  that  species.  No  specimens  having  been 
secured  it  is  not  safe  to  venture  at  identification. 


16.     Puffinus  griseus.     Sooty  Shearwater 

The  notes  on  P.  crcatopMs  will  apply  to  this  species  as  well. 
They  were  quite  common  wherever  large  flocks  of  shearwaters 
were  met  with,  which  was  whenever  we  encountered  schools 
of  small  fish. 


17.     Puffinus  bulleri.     New  Zealand  Shearwater 

The  positive  identification  of  a  shearwater  at  gunshot  range 
is  somewhat  of  a  venture  and  as  no  specimens  of  this  species 
were  obtained  it  might  seem  dangerous  to  include  the  species 
among  those  noted.  However,  a  large  Puffinus  with  pure  white 
underparts  and  other  characters  assigned  to  bulleri  was  fre- 
quently seen  between  Ensenada  and  Magdalena  Bay,  and  I 
have  little  doubt  as  to  its  being  this  species.  In  April,  1897,  I 
met  with  similar  birds  as  far  south  as  Cape  St.  Lucas.  At  that 
time  they  all  seemed  to  be  flying  north  in  either  quite  small, 
scattered  flocks  or  singly.  None  was  taken,  but  I  then,  as 
now,  would  unhesitatingly  pronounce  them  bulleri.  If  it  is  not 
this  species  it  is  probably  P.  chlororliynchus. 


18.     Halocyptena  microsoma.     Least  Petrel 

This  diminutive  petrel  was  not  noted  until  we  were  nearly 
at  Magdalena  Bay,  when  a  few  were  seen  at  sea  (July  24). 
They  were  inconspicuous  at  all  times,  owing,  perhaps,  to  the 
fact  that  it  was  their  nesting  season  and  only  the  non-breeders 
might  be  expected  at  any  distance  from  the  San  Benito 
Islands,  which  is  their  only  breeding  ground  so  far  recorded. 
On  these  islands  we  found  them  abundant,  August  12,  at  which 
date  we  took  fresh  eggs  and  downy  young,  the  last  a  ball  of 
down,  smoky  black  in  color.     So  far  as  my  experience  goes, 


7g5  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

the  least  petrel  does  not  nest  in  a  burrow  in  the  ground  as  do 
the  different  species  of  Oceanodroma  with  which  I  am  famihar. 
Of  the  many  nests  I  have  seen,  all  were  in  bare  rocky  slides,  or 
similar  localities  in  the  rocks,  where  subdued  light  might  reach 
the  bird. 


19.     Oceanodroma  leucorhoa  kaedingi.     Kaeding's  Petrel 

While  the  Tecate  lay  at  anchor  at  the  north  anchorage  at 
Guadalupe,  July  11-16,  this  species  was  quite  in  evidence,  evi- 
dently nesting  in  the  high  lava  cliffs  that  almost  overhung  the 
beach.  Soon  after  nightfall  their  calls  might  be  heard,  as 
those  birds  that  had  spent  the  day  at  sea  came  in  to  land. 
After  lip.  m.  there  was  comparative  quiet  until  just  liefore 
daybreak,  when  for  a  short  time  the  calling  began  once  more, 
to  cease  entirely  at  dawn.  The  lights  of  the  vessel  attracted  a 
number  of  birds  aboard  and  these  constitute  the  only  speci- 
mens taken,  except  a  juvenile  about  a  week  old  that  was  taken 
from  a  crevice  in  the  lava.  This  specimen,  No.  25561,  Cali- 
fornia Academy  of  Sciences,  is  nearly  uniform  sooty  gray, 
slightly  lighter  below.  A  few  petrels  that  were  considered 
kaedingi  were  seen  at  sea  as  far  south  as  Ballenas  Bay,  but 
they  were  by  no  means  common  even  in  the  region  of  their 
nesting  grounds  on  Guadalupe.  Dead  bodies  of  this  species 
were  found  impaled  on  the  needle-like  spines  of  the  "cholla" 
cactus  which  is  quite  common  on  many  parts  of  Guadalupe, 
the  bird  evidently  having  flown  into  the  death  trap  in  the  dark. 
Cats  also  have  taken  a  large  toll,  as  is  attested  by  the  many 
half-eaten  bodies  in  many  parts  of  the  island. 


20.     Oceanodroma  macrodactyla.  Guadalupe  Petrel 

Guadalupe  Island  is,  so  far.  the  only  recorded  habitat  of  this 
species.  In  my  several  visits  to  this  island  I  have  never  seen 
the  bird  except  as  I  took  them  from  the  nesting  burrows.  They 
nest  far  earlier  than  the  other  species  of  the  genus,  half-grown 
young  being  found  as  early  as  May  25,  while  August  would 
produce  young  of  O.  melania  of  similar  size.  It  is,  of  course, 
highly  probable  that  the  species  leaves  the  island  at  the  end  of 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHOXY—THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  287 

the  nesting  season,  but  its  whereabouts  during  that  part  of  the 
year  when  it  is  not  at  home  at  Guadalupe  still  remains  a  mys- 
tery. In  former  years  there  was  a  considerable  colony  along 
the  ridge  in  the  pine  growth  at  the  north  end  of  the  island. 
The  present  writer  visited  this  spot  May  26,  1892,  and  found 
the  birds  abundant.  In  July  of  the  current  year  the  same  ridge 
was  explored  and  but  little  was  seen  to  indicate  a  recent  occu- 
pation of  the  nesting-  ground.  A  few  burrows  were  seen,  but 
they  seemed  to  be  very  old.  In  1892  dozens  of  dead  birds  were 
seen,  where  cats  had  torn  away  the  breast,  leaving  wings  and 
tail,  enough  to  identify  the  species.  Half  a  dozen  similar  dried 
bodies  were  seen  last  July,  but  so  few  that  we  were  of  the 
opinion  the  colony  was  about  finished. 


21.     Oceanodroma  melania.     Black  Petrel 

This  species  was  seen  more  or  less  commonly  from  the  time 
we  left  San  Diego  until  we  returned,  but  was  rare ;  nor  was  it 
seen  at  all  far  from  shore.  Nests  are  not  uncommon  on  the 
Coronado  Islands,  but  on  the  San  Benito  Islands  are  perhaps 
the  largest  breeding  grounds  of  the  species  so  far  discovered. 
August  12,  we  found  many  nesting  birds  with  eggs  fresh  to 
hatching  as  well  as  half -grown  young.  The  nests  were  usually 
at  the  end  of  a  crooked  burrow,  some  two  and  one-half  feet  to 
four  feet  from  the  entrance,  though  a  few  were  found  in  loose, 
shelly  rock  slides.  This  and  the  other  species  of  the  genus 
found  on  the  coast  might  select  a  similar  location  and  often  do, 
but  this  is  more  often  in  stygian  darkness  at  the  end  of  a  three- 
foot  burrow.  This  species,  in  common  with  the  other  smaller 
birds  of  the  Benitos,  has  suffered  heavily  from  the  introduced 
cats. 


22.     Oceanodroma  monorhis.     Swinhoe's  Fork-tailed  Petrel 

It  is  with  considerable  hesitation  that  I  attempt  a  classifica- 
tion of  this  group.  O.  ''socorroensis"  has  in  the  past  been  the 
accepted  species,  being  more  or  less  common  from  the  Coro- 
nado Islands  to  the  San  Benitos  during  the  nesting  season.  I 
cannot  say  at  this  writing  just  how  many  times  in  the  past  I 


2gg  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

have  taken  from  the  same  nesting  burrow  white-rumped  "so- 
corroensis"  and  equally  typical  "monorhis"  with  no  white  at 
all,  but  if  I  were  to  trust  to  memory,  I  would  say  that  that 
was  as  often  the  case  as  otherwise.  I  have  before  me  birds 
from  the  Coronado  Islands  as  well  as  from  the  Benitos  that 
agree  exactly  with  the  descriptions  and  measurements  of 
monorhis,  and  that  were  from  the  same  colonies  as  white- 
rumped  birds  or  those  with  white  flanks.  Unfortunately  the 
collectors  neglected  to  so  mark  the  specimens  as  to  enable  one 
to  separate  the  "pairs"  where  two  birds  were  found  in  the 
same  burrow.  A  large  series  of  petrels,  from  either  of  the 
above  localities,  shows  that  one  might  by  selection  separate 
several  species  or  races  were  it  not  for  the  troublesome  inter- 
grades.  Birds  with  pure  white  rumps,  those  with  white  flanks 
and  every  form  of  gradation  to  sooty-black  and  typical 
monorhis  can  be  selected.  At  this  writing,  and  in  the  light  of 
the  material  before  me,  it  might  seem  the  safer  course  to  side- 
step the  issue  and  leave  the  decision  to  further  developmnts. 
Letters,  however,  from  W.  E.  Clyde  Todd,  of  the  Carnegie 
Museum  at  Pittsburgh,  and  Mr.  A.  J.  Van  Rossem,  of  Pasa- 
dena, California,  both  of  whom  have  access  to  large  series  of 
the  "socorroensis — monorhis"  group  would  indicate  that  there 
was  but  a  single  species  represented  with  a  wide  variation  in 
the  plumage  of  the  rump.  At  San  Benito  Island  we  found  the 
birds  nesting  August  12,  and  secured  fresh  eggs  as  well  as 
young  a  week  or  more  from  the  ^gg.  We  saw  the  species  at 
sea  as  far  south  as  Magdalena  Bay,  where,  on  July  27,  a  few 
were  seen  inside  the  entrance  of  the  bay  in  company  with 
O.  melania. 

23.     Phalacrocorax  auritus  albociliatus.     Farallon  Cormorant 

Seen  more  or  less  commonly  as  far  as  Magdalena  Bay.  but 
very  largely  replaced  by  the  following  species  south  of  Abre- 
ojos  Point.  During  the  first  half  of  August  this  species,  in 
common  with  the  Brandt's,  was  found  nesting  on  all  of  the 
islands  north  of  27°.  Fresh  eggs,  those  far  advanced  in  in- 
cubation, and  from  that  to  young  on  the  wing,  was  the  status 
of  all  the  rookeries  visited  as  late  as  August  13.  I  think  the 
lack  of  uniformity  may  be  accounted  for  by  the  destruction  of 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHOSY—THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  289 

the  eggs  by  western  gulls.  The  two  species  of  cormorants 
breeding  along  this  coast  are  more  extensively  preyed  u^x^n  by 
the  gulls  than  any  other  species  and  should  the  cormorants  be 
driven  from  the  nests,  eggs  and  young  by  the  hundreds  are 
immediately  destroyed.  As  has  been  noted  earlier  in  this 
paper,  all  of  the  islands  are  used,  during  a  great  part  of  the 
year,  by  fishermen,  who  undoubtedly  cause  a  very  disturbed 
condition,  innocently  or  otherwise.  They  are  the  indirect  cause 
of  the  destruction  of  many  thousands  of  cormorants  as  well  as 
other  sea  birds.  The  Farallon  cormorants  were  always  found 
occupying  the  higher  and  more  precipitous  parts  of  the  islands, 
leaving  to  the  following  species  the  gentle  slopes  and  level 
land. 

24.     Phalacrocorax  penicillatus.     Brandt's  Cormorant 

Much  more  abundant  than  the  preceding  species.  Despite 
the  disturbed  condition  of  the  nesting  grounds,  there  were 
large  rookeries  on  most  of  the  islands  visited.  On  the  more 
level  parts  of  San  Roque  and  Asuncion  were  several  large 
rookeries  that  at  the  time  of  our  visit  were  occupied  by  hun- 
dreds of  young,  ranging  from  those  able  to  fly  to  squabs  but 
just  hatched.  As  one  approached  the  nesting  grounds,  the 
young  crowded  toward  the  side  farthest  removed  from  the  in- 
truder, until  it  seemed  as  if  it  would  be  impossible  to  introduce 
another  bird  into  the  interior  without  the  aid  of  a  w^edge,  so 
tightly  were  they  massed.  As  the  danger  became  more  evident, 
the  compact  raft  moved  faster,  the  older  birds  in  the  lead  pro- 
gressing by  a  series  of  awkward  hops  which  soon  left  the 
younger  members  behind.  As  more  speed  seemed  desirable  the 
wings  were  called  upon,  waved  about  like  flails,  and  so  upset 
the  balance  that  immediately  the  youngster  that  was  merely  in 
a  slow  hurry  at  best  was  thrown  forward  on  his  face  and  quite 
as  often  as  otherwise  stepped  on  his  own  neck  and  was  unable 
to  get  up.  If  crowded,  the  half-grown  young  will  take  to  the 
water  and  escape  by  swimming,  though  many  times  such  birds 
are  unable  to  regain  the  nesting  ground  owing  to  the  low  cliffs 
bordering  the  sea  below  the  rookeries.  The  fate  of  such  birds 
is  somew^hat  doubtful,  as  they  are  as  yet  unable  to  secure  their 
own  food. 

September  5.   192.5 


290  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  Of  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Sf.r. 

25.     Pelecanus  californicus.     California  Brown  Pelican 

An  abundant  species  along  shore  throughout  the  trip,  but 
rare  in  deeper  waters.  A  single  immature  bird  seen  at  Guada- 
lupe is  my  only  off-shore  record.  At  Magdalena  Bay  they  were 
noticeably  more  abundant  than  at  any  point  north.  At  many  of 
the  islands,  notably  San  Roque  and  Asuncion,  we  found  fresh 
eggs  and  newly  hatched  young,  as  well  as  birds  on  the  wing.  As 
only  a  single  brood  is  raised  and  young  are  to  be  found  in  late 
February  or  early  March,  the  late  nesting  can  only  be  explained 
on  the  ground  of  reported  disturbances,  as  noted  under  s^^ecies 
above  mentioned. 

26.     Fregata  aquila.     Man-o'-war-bird 

Very  abundant  south  of  26°.  This  species  formerly  nested 
extensively  in  the  mangrove  swamps  about  Magdalena  Bay,  but 
repeated  raids  on  the  part  of  the  natives  who  use  the  eggs  for 
food  have  reduced  their  numbers.  Owing  to  the  nature  of  the 
mangrove  growth,  it  is  quite  difficult  to  reach  the  nests,  which 
fact  has  been  the  only  restraining  influence  in  preserving  the 
nesting  grounds  in  this  region. 

27.     Oidemia  perspicillata.     Surf  Scoter 

A  few  only  seen  in  San  Quintin  Bay — non-breeding  birds, 
no  doubt,  that  did  not  migrate.  Such  cases  are  common. 
During  the  winter  the  species  is  very  abundant  ail  along  the 
coast. 

28.     Erismatura  jamaicensis.     Ruddy  Duck 

A  single  bird  in  San  Quintin  Bay  is  the  only  record  for  the 
voyage. 

29.     Guara  alba.     White  Ibis 

Seen  only  in  the  mangroves  at  Magdalena  Bay,  where  it  was 
not  very  abundant.  As  the  more  remote  parts  of  the  jungle 
north  of  the  settlement  were  not  visited,  it  may  be  that  the 
species  was  less  rare  than  our  observations  would  indicate. 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  291 

30.     Ardea  herodias  sanctilucae.     Espiritu  Santo  Heron 

Not  uncommon  on  the  islands  near  shore  and  at  most,  if 
not  all,  of  the  mainland  stations.  Two  or  three  were  seen  at 
Guadalupe  Island. 

31.     Hydranassa  tricolor  ruficoUis.     Louisiana  Heron 

Seen  only  in  the  mangroves  about  Magdalena  Bay,  where  it 
was  common.  Formerly  I  have  taken  specimens  as  far  north 
as  San  Quintin,  but  I  think  it  was  never  abundant  there. 

32.     Butorides  virescens  frazari.     Frazar's  Green  Heron 

Found  not  uncommonly  at  Magdalena  Bay,  where  they 
shared  the  mangrove  thickets  with  the  above  species. 

33.     Nyctanassa  violacea.     Yellow-crowned  Night  Heron 

A  single  specimen  shot  on  a  reef  at  San  Benito  Islands  is  the 
only  record. 

34.     Rallus  beldingi.     Belding's  Rail 

None  seen,  but  the  frequent  notes  of  Rallus  heard  in  the 
mangroves  at  Magdalena  Bay  leave  little  doubt  as  to  the 
species  and  its  abundance. 

35.  Phalaropus  fulicarius.     Red  Phalarope 

The  first  of  the  migrating  phalaropes  were  noted  July  11. 
when  two  were  seen  between  Ensenada  and  Guadalupe  Island. 
After  that  date  they  rapidly  increased  in  abundance  until  the 
18th,  when  they  seemed  to  be  in  full  force.  They  were  not 
seen  over  50  miles  off  shore. 

36.  Lobipes  lobatus.     Northern  Phalarope 
Seen  but  once,  August  2,  off  San  Roque  Island. 


292  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

37.     Pisobia  minutilla.     Least  Sandpiper 

38.     Ereunetes  mauri.     Western  Sandpiper 

On  July  26,  a  small  flock  of  "sand  peeps"  was  seen  on  a 
mudbar  in  the  mangroves  of  Magdalena  Bay.  None  was  shot 
and  positive  identification  was  difficult.  The  two  species  usually 
migrate  in  company  and  it  is  quite  probable  that  the  flock  was 
composed  of  both  species.  A  week  later  we  met  with  them 
migrating  and  in  early  August  they  were  seen  at  all  of  our 
anchorages  north  of  Magdalena. 

39.     Limosa  fedoa.     Marbled  Godwit 

A  few  were  seen  at  San  Quintin  on  July  21.  They  occur 
sparingly  all  summer  in  all  of  the  suitable  localities  from  Mag- 
dalena Bay  north,  the  summer  residents  being  non-breeding 
birds  that  have  failed  for  some  reason  to  follow  the  migration 
north. 


40.     Totanus  melanoleucus.     Greater  Yellow-legs 

Two  were  seen  on  a  mudbar  in  the  mangroves  at  Magda- 
lena Bay,  July  26.  The  one  secured  was  in  fair  summer 
plumage. 


41.     Catoptrophorus  semipalmatus  inornatus.   Western  Willet 

First  seen  at  Abreojos  Point,  July  31,  in  a  company  of 
mixed  shore-birds,  evidently  the  first  of  the  migrants.  Quite 
common  at  San  Quintin,  August  14. 


42.     Heteroscelus  incanus.     Wandering  Tattler 

First  seen  at  Guadalupe  Island,  July  11.  While  not  common 
at  this  island,  they  were  frequently  seen  along  its  rocky  shores. 
The  same  may  also  be  said  of  all  the  islands  visited.  Although 
found  at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  those  that  linger  through  the 
summer  are  probably  not  nesting  birds.  I  have  found  downy 
young  seeking  cover  under  the  overhanging  edges  of  glaciers 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  293 

of  the  Seward  Peninsula  in  Alaska,  conditions  hardly  in  keep- 
ing with  those  of  the  sun-scorched  shores  of  the  Lower  Cali- 
fornia islands. 

43.     Actitis  macularia.     Spotted  Sandpiper 

First  seen  at  Magdalena  Bay  in  company  with  greater  yel- 
low-legs, July  26,  after  which  they  were  seen  at  any  suitable 
location  north  to  San  Martin  Island.  This  species  is  rather 
common  along  the  islands  and  coast  of  Lower  California  dur- 
ing the  winter  months,  inhabiting  rocky  broken  beaches  in 
company  with  its  larger  relative,  the  wandering  tattler.  They, 
like  the  last,  are  seldom  seen  in  companies  of  more  than  three 
or  four,  more  often  singly  or  in  pairs. 

44.  Numenius  americanus.     Long-billed  Curlew 

Seen  at  San  Ouintin,  July  18.     Not  uncommon  at  that  point 
where,  like  the  marbled  godwit,  it  is  a  left-over  from  the  spring 
migration. 

45.  Numenius  hudsonicus.     Hudsonian  Curlew 

A  few  found  along  the  ocean  beaches  all  summer,  being  like 
the  above,  non-breeders.  This  species  seems  to  prefer  the  clean 
sands  of  the  open  beach  and  is  not  often  seen  on  the  mud-flats 
of  the  bays,  where  the  long-bills  thrive.  A  small  flock  of 
hudsonicus  was  seen  at  the  entrance  of  San  Quintin  Bay, 
July  14. 

46.     Squatarola  squatarola  cynosurae.     Black-bellied  Plover 

A  few  seen  among  the  migrating  shore-birds  at  Abreojos 
Point,  July  31,  the  first  to  arrive  from  their  summer  home. 

47.     Oxyechus  vociferus.     Killdeer 

One  or  two  noted  near  the  settlement  at  the  mouth  of  Santo 
Domingo  Caiion,  fifteen  miles  north  of  San  Quintin.  The 
species  is  resident  in  such  localities,  where  freshwater  furnishes 
congenial  surroundings. 


294  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCE^  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

48.     Charadrius  semipalmatus.     Semipalmated  Plover 
A  small  flock  seen  at  Magdalena  Bay,  July  27. 

49.     Charadrius  nivosus.     Snowy  Plover 
A  small  flock  seen  on  the  beach  at  Abreojos  Point. 

50.     Arenaria  interpres  morinella.     Ruddy  Turnstone 

A  flock  seen  at  Abreojos  Point.  The  single  bird  that  was 
secured  was  in  almost  full  nesting  plumage. 

51.  Arenaria  melanocephala.     Black  Turnstone 

Rather  common  at  Abreojos  Point,  July  31,  after  which  it 
was  seen  on  all  the  rocky  beaches  north  to  San  Martin  Island. 
Two  were  seen  at  Guadalupe,  July  16. 

52.  Haematopus  frazari.     Frazar's  Oystercatcher 

Seen  on  all  the  rocky  shores  from  the  south  end  of  Mag- 
dalena Bay  north.  Often  seen  in  company  with  bachinaiii  to 
which  it  ofifers  a  striking  contrast. 

53.  Haematopus  bachmani.     Black  Oystercatcher 

Not  seen  south  of  Asuncion  Island,  where  it  was  common. 
From  that  point  north  it  was  common  on  all  suitable  beaches. 

54.     Lophortyx  californica  vallicola.     Valley  Quail 

Common  in  the  section  east  of  San  Quintin  which  is  the 
only  spot  visited  that  was  suited  to  its  requirements. 

55.     Zenaidura  macroura  marginella. 

Western  Mourning  Dove 

Found  breeding  on  Cedros  Island,  July  22,  when  young  just 
from  the  nest  were  seen. 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  295 

56.     Cathartes  aura  septentrionalis.     Turkey  Vulture 

Quite  common  at  any  of  the  larger  islands  except  Guadalupe 
and  as  far  as  Margarita  Island  at  the  southern  end  of  Mag- 
dalena  Bay, 

57.     Parabuteo  unicinctus  harrisi.     Harris's  Hawk 

Seen  but  once,  near  San  Quintin,  where  the  species  is  not 
uncommon  along  the  timbered  cafions  east  of  that  point. 

58.     Buteo   borealis   calurus.     Western   Red-tail 

Several  were  seen  on  Guadalupe  Island  and  one  specimen 
taken. 

59.     Falco  peregrinus  anatum.     Duck  Hawk 

Formerly  quite  common,  nesting  on  all  of  the  islands  north 
of  Magdalena.  Few  were  seen,  however,  on  the  voyage  of  the 
Tecate,  due,  perhaps,  to  the  season  being  that  when  the  birds 
might  be  expected  to  be  scattered  far  from  their  nesting  haunts. 
A  line  specimen  was  taken  on  San  Benito,  August  13. 

60.     Polyborus   cheriway.     Audubon's    Caracara 

Seen  only  at  Margarita  Island,  where  it  was  seemingly  rare. 
There  is  little  doubt  but  the  Guadalupe  Caracara  is  extinct ;  no 
signs  of  it  could  be  found  by  members  of  our  party,  nor  have 
any  who  have  visited  the  island  during  the  past  20  years  re- 
ported living  birds. 

61.     Pandion  haliaetus  carolinensis.     Osprey 

First  seen  at  Guadalupe  Island,  where  a  specimen  was 
secured.  Quite  common  at  Cedros  Island  and  most  of  the 
stations  visited.  On  Margarita  Island  there  are  dozens  of 
nests  built  on  tops,  or  on  projecting  limbs,  of  the  giant  cactus. 


296  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [PRoc  4th  Ser. 

62.     Speotyto  cunicularia  hypogaea.     Burrowing  Owl 

Seen  only  at  San  Quintin.  The  burrowing  owl  was  form- 
erly found  on  the  San  Benitos,  Natividad  and  other  islands  of 
the  coast,  where  it  was  resident.  It  is  possible  that  it  has  been 
exterminated  by  the  cats. 

63.     Geococcyx  califomianus.     Roadrunner 
Seen  only  at  San  Quintin. 

64.     Dryobates  scalaris  lucasanus.     San  Lucas  Woodpecker 

This  species  was  common,  feeding  on  the  ripe  fruit  of  the 
giant  cactus,  on  Margarita  Island.     Not  met  with  elsewhere. 

65.     Centurus  uropygialis  brewsteri.     Brewster's  Woodpecker 

A  rather  abundant  species  in  the  giant  cactus  growth  on  the 
west  side  of  Margarita  Island,  where  it  was  feeding  on  the 
ripe  fruit  of  the  cactus.  All  the  specimens  taken  were  in  badly 
worn  plumage,  but  indicate  a  strongly  marked  race. 

66.  Chordeiles  acutipennis  inferior.     Texas  Nighthawk 

A  few  seen  at  Magdalena  Bay  and  on  Margarita  Island. 
The  single  specimen  taken  (No.  25530  C.A.C. )  agrees  fairly 
well  with  skins  before  me,  from  southern  California,  except 
that  it  is  slightly  smaller. 

67.  Aeronautes  melanoleucus.     White-throated  Swift 

On  the  southeast  side  of  Guadalupe  Island  we  saw  a  number 
of  these  swifts  cruising  about  the  cliffs  overhanging  the  sea. 
It  was  near  this  same  spot  that  I  found,  in  May,  1892,  a  nest 
but  so  far  back  in  a  crevice  in  the  lava  that  without  tools  to 
enlarge  the  opening  it  could  not  be  reached,  though  the  sticks 
composing  the  structure  could  be  plainly  seen.  On  July  19  I 
saw  several  swifts  in  company  with  cliff  swallows  flying  about 
a  cliff  at  the  mouth  of  the  Santo  Domingo  Canon,   15  miles 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  297 

north  of  San  Quintin.  Several  years  ago  I  saw  this  species 
entering-  abandoned  woodpecker  holes  in  the  giant  cactus  near 
San  Fernando,  about  75  miles  south  of  San  Quintin. 

68.  Calypte  anna.     Anna's  Hummingbird 

At  the  north  landing  on  Guadalupe  Island  we  saw  a  hum- 
mer in  female  plumage  that  seemed  to  be  this  species.  It  es- 
caped, however,  leaving  its  identity  in  doubt.  W.  E.  Bryant 
recorded  the  species  from  the  island  many  years  ago. 

69.  Calypte  costae.     Costa's  Hummingbird 

This  species  seemed  to  be  the  only  one  we  met  with  at  Mag- 
dalena  Bay  and  Margarita  Island,  where  several  were  taken  in 
late  July.    Specimens  were  secured  also  at  Cedros  Island. 

70.     Myiarchus  cinerascens  pertinax. 

Lower  California  Flycatcher 

Flycatchers  of  the  ash-throated  group  were  seen  several 
times  on  Margarita  Island,  but  no  specimens  taken.  I  sup- 
posed them  to  belong  to  this  subspecies. 

71.  Sayornis  sayus.     Say's  Flycatcher 

Common  about  San  Quintin.  On  Cedros  Island  it  was  seen 
several  times.  A  young  male  (No.  25531,  C.A.S.,  August 
8,  south  end  Cedros  Island)  is  somewhat  darker  above  than 
specimens  of  similar  age  from  southern  California,  with  slight- 
ly narrower  bill.     The  difference  may  be  individual,  however. 

72.  Sayornis  nigricans.     Black  Phoebe 

Seen  only  in  the  Santo  Domingo  Canon  near  San  Quintin. 

73.     Otocoris  alpestris  actia.     California  Horned  Lark 

The  Otocoris  of  San  Quintin.  I  refer  to  this  form  with 
some  hesitation,  as  no  additional  specimens  are  at  hand,  a  sin- 
gle juvenile  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy  being  the  only 


298  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

bird  taken.  At  Abreojos  Point  a  small  flock  of  horned  larks 
was  seen  and  three  badly  worn  and  juvenile  specimens  secured. 
They  seem  very  small  and  can  hardly  be  reconciled  to  any  of 
the  recognized  races,  they  being,  I  suppose,  enertera  Oberholser. 

74.     Aphelocoma  californica  hypoleuca.     Xantus's  Jay 

A  rather  common  inhabitant  of  the  mangrove  swamps  north 
of  the  anchorage  at  Magdalena  Bay.     Not  seen  elsewhere. 

75.     Corvus  covax  sinuatus.     Raven 

A  common  species  throughout  the  trip.     Seen  at  every  sta- 
tion except  at  Guadalupe. 

76.     Carpodacus  mexicanus  frontalis.     House  Finch 

Common  at  San  Ouintin  and  at  the  nearby  mission  of  Santo 
DominsfO. 


';=>" 


77.     Carpodacus  amplus.     Guadalupe  House  Finch 

Formerly  one  of  the  most  abundant  land  birds  on  the  island 
but  now  reduced  to  about  10%  of  its  abundance  25  years  ago, 
the  destruction  being  due  to  the  thousands  of  cats  that  infest 
all  parts  of  the  island.  The  species  nests  largely  in  the  cactus 
found  over  most  parts  of  the  island,  which  fact  saves  the  nest- 
lings until  able  to  flutter  to  the  ground,  where  they  fall  nn  easy 
prey. 

78.     Carpodacus  mexicanus  dementis, 
San  Clemente  House  Finch 
Common  on  Cedros  Island.    Five  specimens  were  obtained. 

79.     Carpodacus  mcgregori.     McGregor's  House  Finch 

A  quarter  of  a  century  ago  this  was  one  of  the  few  land 
species  that  was  common  on  the  San  Benito  Islands.  Today 
they  are  so  nearly  extinct  that  I  doubt  another  specimen  being 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  299 

taken  for  science.  Like  the  last  mentioned  species,  they  have 
fallen  victims  to  the  cats.  A  single  specimen  was  all  we  had 
to  show  for  four  guns  in  two  days.  A  second  specimen  was 
reported  as  seen. 


80.     Astragalinus  praltria  hesperophilus. 

Green-backed   Goldfinch 

Two  females  taken  at  the  south  end  of  Cedros  Island.  They 
seemed  to  be  nesting  in  small  numbers  on  this  part  of  the 
island.  Those  taken  are  somewhat  smaller  than  typical  speci- 
mens from  southern  California,  but  whether  the  difference  is 
constant  will  remain  for  further  specimens  to  determine. 


81.     Passerculus  beldirigi.     B elding  Sparrow 

Seen  only  at  San  Quintin,  where  it  is  common  in  the  salt 
marsh. 


82.     Passerculus  rostratus  rostratus.     Large-billed   Sparrow 

This  species  winters  on  all  of  the  islands,  I  think,  except 
Guadalupe,  and  had  just  begun  to  make  its  appearance  when 
we  noted  a  few  along  the  beaches  at  the  north  end  of  Cedros, 
August  9.  A  single  specimen  was  taken  on  San  Martin  Island, 
August  14. 


83.     Passerculus  rostratus  guttatus.     San  Lucas  Sparrow 

A  few  noted  in  the  mangrove  swamps  of  Magdalena  Bay, 
and  a  single  specimen  taken  July  26. 


84.     Passerculus  rostratus  sanctorum.     San  Benito  Sparrow 

Found  only  on  the  three  islands  of  the  San  Benito  group, 
where  they  are  still  common  but  greatly  reduced  from  their 
former  abundance.    The  cats  are  again  to  be  given  the  credit. 


300  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

85.     Junco  insularis.     Guadalupe  Junco 

Becoming  rare  on  the  island,  though  it  was  at  one  time  the 
most  abundant  species. 

86.     Amphispiza  bilineata  deserticoia.    Desert  Sparrow 

Common  at  San  Quintin,  Cedros  and  Magdalena  Bay- 
region. 

87.     Amphispiza  belli.    Bell's  Sparrow 
Common  at  San  Quintin  and  San  Martin  Island. 

88.     Pipilo  crissalis  senicula.     Anthony's  Towhee 

Common  in  the  hills  east  of  San  Quintin.  A  full-fledged 
young  was  taken  at  the  Santo  Domingo  Mission.  July  19. 

89.  Cardinalis  cardinalis  igneus.     San  Lucas  Cardinal 

Rather  common  at  "The  Ranch"  six  miles  west  of  the  land- 
ing at  Margarita  Island,  where  the  dense  thickets  offered  con- 
genial surroundings.  Very  shy  and  difficult  to  secure,  one 
specimen  only  being  taken. 

90.  Petrochelidon  lunifrons  lunifrons.     Cliff  Swallow 

Common  and  nesting  under  the  eaves  of  the  houses  at  San 
Quintin,  where  nestlings  were  seen,  July  20.  On  the  same 
date  a  large  flock  was  seen  circulating  about  the  face  of  a  cliff 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Santo  Domingo  Canon.  A  small  flock, 
doubtless  migrating,  was  noted  flying  over  the  mangroves  at 
Magdalena  Bay,  July  26. 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  301 

List  of  Species  of  Mammals 

In  the  following  list  of  mammals  the  nomenclature  of 
Miller's  "List  of  North  American  Land  Mammals  in  the 
United  States  National  Museum"  has  been  followed. 

As  the  series  of  Lower  California  mammals  in  the  collections 
of  the  San  Diego  Museum  of  Natural  History  and  the  Cali- 
fornia Academy  of  Sciences  are  very  incomplete,  I  have  been 
obliged  to  depend  in  many  instances  on  the  collections  in  the 
U.  S.  Bureau  of  Biological  Survey  and  the  American  Museum 
of  Natural  History,  New  York.  My  thanks  are  due  Dr.  E.  W. 
Nelson  and  H.  E.  Anthony  for  comparison  of  several  species 
with  the  types. 

1.     Balaenoptera  physalus.     Pacific  Finback  Whale 

Whales  were  often  seen  along  the  coast  and  about  all  of  the 
islands  with  the  exception  of  Guadalupe.  They  were  nowhere 
common,  and  all  that  were  identified  with  reasonable  certainty 
were  of  this  species.  It  is  quite  probable,  however,  that  some 
seen  were  humpbacks. 

The  larger  cetaceans  are  more  abundant  during  the  winter 
months  in  the  region  covered  by  this  paper,  but  they  were 
formerly  far  more  abundant  than  today.  In  the  past,  when  the 
fall  migration  was  at  its  best  (November)  I  have  seen  more 
whales  in  one  school  than  were  seen  during  the  entire  southern 
voyage.  At  the  time  mentioned,  25  years  ago,  the  California 
Gray  (Rhachianectes  glaucus)  was  the  most  common  species 
and  was  daily  seen  along  shore,  often  inside  the  kelp  beds, 
within  half  a  mile  of  the  beach.  During  the  past  two  years  I 
have  seen  just  two  of  this  species  and  had  reports  of  two 
more,  while  the  Sulphur  Bottom  (Sibbaldiiis  sulfiireus),  form- 
erly quite  common,  has  not  been  seen  at  all.  The  modern 
method  of  whaling  has  sounded  the  death  knell.  Commercial 
whaling  is  about  a  thing  of  the  past  and,  unless  something  is 
done  soon  toward  protecting  them,  several  species  will  soon 
become  commercially,  if  not  actually,  extinct  on  this  coast. 

Nearly  all  of  the  whales  seen  during  the  voyage  of  the 
Tecate  were  close  in-shore,  frequently  at  the  edge  of  extensive 
kelp  beds  and,  as  they  were  usually  seen  in  pairs,  it  is  not  un- 


302  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

likely  that  they  were  mating.  In  late  July  and  early  August, 
there  was  a  very  extensive  run  of  sardines  along  the  entire 
coast  and,  as  these  small  fishes  furnish  many  of  our  BalccnidcB 
with  a  large  part  of  their  feed,  that  may  account  for  the  entire 
absence  of  whales  in  deep  water  and  their  presence  along  the 
shores  where  the  sardines  abounded. 

During  the  winter  of  1920-21,  a  steam  whaler  established 
a  station  in  Magdalena  Bay  and  spent  several  months  at  that 
point.  From  the  bones  still  to  be  seen  on  the  beach,  they  must 
have  killed  several  whales  but,  as  they  never  repeated  the 
venture,  it  is  quite  probable  it  was  not  a  commercial  success. 

2.     Orcinus  ater.     Black  Killer 

Killers  were  formerly  much  more  common  on  the  Lower 
California  coast  than  the  results  of  our  late  voyage  would  in- 
dicate. But  one  small  school  of  s^'ven  or  eight  was  seen  several 
miles  off  San  Quintin,  July  18.  There  is  no  question  but  the 
killers  are  a  bitter  enemy  of  the  entire  BalcEuidcu.  While  I  have 
never  myself  seen  the  species  attack  a  whale,  I  have  often  been 
told  by  reliable  authority  of  combats  that  resulted  in  the  death 
of  the  larger  "fish."  It  may  be  that  the  present  rarity  of 
Orcinus  is  directly  due  to  the  scarcity  of  whales.  The  Orca 
often  reaches  a  size  (twenty  feet  or  more)  equal  to  that  of 
a  small  whale,  but  whalers  never  attempt  its  capture,  as  it  is  of 
little  or  no  value. 


3.     Grampus  griseus.     Grampus 

A  single  specimen,  identified  as  this  species,  was  seen  off 
San  Quintin,  July  18.  South  of  Cedros  Island  there  were 
several  times  when  large  porpoises  were  seen,  but  under  con- 
ditions rendering  identification  impossible.  Tiiey  may  have 
been  this  species. 


4.     Delphinus  delphis.     Common   Dolphin 

On  the  southwest  side  of  Cedros  Island  we  found  a  well 
preserved  skull  of  this  species. 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  303 

5.     Notiosorex  crawfordi  crawfordi.     Gray  Shrew 

A  specimen  taken  in  the  edge  of  a  salt  marsh  on  the  west 
side  of  San  Quintin  Bay  is  not  separable  from  skins  from  the 
region  of  San  Diego  in  the  collection  of  the  San  Diego  Society 
of  Natural  History, 


6.     Pipistrellus  hesperus  hesperus.     Western  Bat 

At  the  anchorage  at  Margarita  Island  we  met  with  a  flight 
of  bats  at  daybreak,  July  28.  They  were  seeking  shelter  in  the 
ledges  along  the  shores.  Two  were  secured  and  are  not  to  be 
distinguished  from  specimens  taken  at  San  Diego  and  the 
Colorado  Desert. 


7.     Canis  peninsulae.     Peninsula  Coyote 

Not  uncommon  at  San  Quintin,  where  one  or  two  were  seen. 
Skulls  were  secured  at  Magdalena  Bay. 

8.     Enhydra  lutris  nereis.     Southern   Sea  Otter 

Formerly  very  abundant  on  the  coast  of  Lower  California, 
as  far  south  at  least  as  Natividad  Island.  The  early  records 
abound  in  stories  of  the  numbers  of  sea  otter  found  along  this 
coast  where,  alas,  they  were  soon  exterminated,  or  at  least  so 
reduced  that  they  became  almost  a  myth. 

In  1807  the  ship  Dromio  from  Boston  is  recorded  as 
trading  for  1700  otter  skins  at  Ensenada,  then  inhabited  by  a 
few  Indians  who  must  have  taken  the  animals  along  the  kelp 
beds  adjacent  to  that  bay.  Capt.  Benjamin  Morrel  in  1825-31 
made  four  voyages  to  this  coast  from  the  Atlantic  and  men- 
tions "immense  numbers  of  whales,  seals,  and  otters  at  San 
Quintin  and  Cenizas  (San  Martin)  Island." 

In  1887  when  I  first  became  acquainted  with  the  region  of 
Todos  Santos  Bay  and  the  former  haunts  of  the  sea  otter,  they 
were  generally  considered  as  extinct.  There  were,  however,  a 
few  of  the  old-time  hunters  that  assured  me  that  in  the  region 
of  certain  kelp  beds  south  of  Ensenada  there  were  a  few  to  be 
found.     This,  I  learned,  was  true,  and  a  small  colony  was 


3Q4-  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

established  that  by  now  might  have  been  of  large  commercial 
importance  had  it  been  protected.  Unfortunately,  it  was 
discovered  by  certain  "beach  combers"  in  1897,  and  to  the 
best  of  my  information  some  50  were  killed.  There  is  a  report 
of  28  being  killed  eight  or  nine  years  later  at  the  same  point, 
but  I  am  unable  to  authenticate  it.  That  a  few  still  exist, 
as  far  south  as  Cedros,  there  can  be  little  doubt,  as  one  was 
killed  by  a  fisherman  in  1919,  at  San  Benito  Island  15  miles 
west  of  Cedros.  They  were  formerly  abundant  along  the  kelp 
beds  found  along  the  weather  side  of  Cedros  and  the  Benitos, 
and  in  time  may  be  re-established  there,  if  unmolested. 


9.     Zalophus  californianus.     California  Sea  Lion 

An  abundant  species  on  most  of  the  islands  visited  except 
Guadalupe,  where  one  rookery  of  a  dozen  was  found  and  a 
few  scattered  individuals  along  the  shores  that  might  have 
made  the  Guadalupe  count  as  much  as  50  animals.  They  were 
about  abandoning  the  breeding  rookeries  in  August  so  that  a 
census  of  the  various  colonies  was  out  of  the  question,  but 
from  what  we  found  I  would  place  the  present  count  of  sea 
lions,  of  the  coast  of  Lower  California,  at  fully  150%  above 
what  might  have  been  found  in  1900.  At  the  last  date  the 
species  was  being  persecuted  for  hides,  the  rookeries  being 
raided  constantly  during  the  season  of  reproduction.  Fre- 
quently hundreds  of  young  were  left  to  starve  beside  the  bodies 
of  the  slain  mothers.  At  Asuncion  Island  in  1898,  I  found 
a  rookery  of  not  over  50.  The  count  at  this  island  in  August, 
1922,  was  over  5,000.  As  San  Roque  Island,  only  six  miles 
north  of  Asuncion,  was  almost  deserted  by  Zalophus,  it  is  quite 
probable  that  Asuncion  was  being  used  as  a  hauling  ground 
for  sea  lions  from  both  islands. 

At  Cedros  Island  there  were  several  large  rookeries,  but  at 
the  time  of  our  visit  the  animals  had  begun  to  scatter  and  it 
was  not  possible  to  secure  a  census.  I  had  confidently  expected 
to  find  at  the  north  end  of  this  island  the  star  sea  lion  rookery 
of  the  coast,  as  that  was  its  condition  in  1898  when  it  was 
populated  by  some  2,000  breeding  animals.  At  the  time  of  our 
visit,  August  9,  there  were  1.500  Zalophus  hauled  on  the  sand 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  305 

beach  at  the  north  bay  and  some  700  on  a  beach  about  two 
miles  south.  On  the  east  side  of  the  island  two  detached  rocks 
formed  ideal  resorts  for  sea  lions,  but  we  found  only  300  at 
this  point.  San  Benito  Islands,  where  Townsend,  in  his  report 
of  the  Albatross  Expedition  in  1911,  mentions  finding  1,700 
Zalophus,  gave  us  not  over  400. 

We  frequently  met  with  sea  lions  many  miles  from  the 
known  hauling  grounds  and  far  from  land,  indicating  a  scat- 
tered condition  quite  different  from  what  would  be  found  in 
April  when  a  large  percentage  w^ould  be  collected  on  the  breed- 
ing rookeries.  On  the  Lower  California  islands  the  pups  are 
born  about  June  10,  and  are  about  six  weeks  or  two  months 
old  before  they  go  into  the  water,  though  a  young  sea  lion  a 
week  old  can  and  will  swim  if  forced  to  do  so.  A  baby  sea 
lion  spends  a  large  part  of  its  early  life  in  sleep,  which  is  sur- 
prisingly difficult  to  disturb.  The  present  writer  has,  on 
several  occasions,  visited  a  rookery  where  the  beach  w^as  strewn 
with  sleeping  pups,  seated  himself  among  them  and  gathered 
one  or  two  into  his  lap,  and  played  with  them  for  several  min- 
utes before  they  were  sufficiently  aroused  to  realize  the  true 
situation.  Their  surprise  was  always  laughable,  as  they  voiced 
a  horrified  baby  imitation  of  daddy's  roar  and  perhaps  made  a 
bluff  at  amputating  a  human  hand  or  tw^o.  A  newly-born  sea 
lion  is  possessed  of  a  full  set  of  needle-like  teeth  and  ample 
strength  to  make  them  serviceable,  but,  of  the  many  that  have 
by  their  actions  promised  to  seriously  mutilate  me,  none  has  yet 
drawn  blood,  and  such  fierce  savage  beasts  have,  after  a  ten- 
minutes'  fondling,  refused  to  be  left  alone  and  frequently 
follow^ed,  bawling,  along  the  sand,  as  if  they  were  losing  their 
best  friend. 

In  this  connection  might  be  mentioned  an  incident  in  which 
a  sea  lion  figured,  which  illustrates  the  confiding  nature  of  the 
animal  when  it  is  not  persecuted.  In  April,  1922,  a  seaplane 
from  the  North  Island  Aviation  Field  made  a  landing  at  sea 
about  30  miles  from  the  Coronado  Islands  and  about  the  same 
distance  from  the  mainland.  Shortly  after  the  plane  came  to 
rest,  the  pilot  heard  a  scratching  on  the  side  of  the  machine  and 
looking  over  saw  a  yearling  sea  lion  investigating  the  strange 
craft.  The  door  to  the  cockpit  was  held  open  and  the  invita- 
tion promptly  accepted,  the  seal  returning  to  San  Diego  by  air- 

September  5,   1923 


306  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

plane.  I  visited  the  station  a  few  days  later  and  found  the 
visitor  to  be  a  yearling  female  and  as  eager  to  be  noticed  as 
any  pet  kitten.  Though  given  the  freedom  of  the  bay,  it 
always  returned  to  its  new  home  on  being  called  and  never  at 
any  time  showed  any  disposition  to  return  to  the  company  of 
its  fellow  lions. 


10.     Arctocephalus  townsendi.     Guadalupe  Fur  Seal 

That  fur  seals  of  some  species  were  at  one  time  abundant 
on  most,  if  not  all,  of  the  islands  of  the  peninsula,  as  well  as 
those  of  Californ'^,  cannot  be  disputed.  There  are  undoubted 
records  of  many  thousands  of  skins  being  taken  from  the 
Farallons  and  the  islands  south  to  Cape  St.  Lucas.  At  this 
time  it  is  largely  a  matter  of  conjecture  as  to  even  the  genus. 
During  the  fur  seal  controversy  between  England  and  the 
United  States  in  1892,  Dr.  Charles  H.  Townsend  and  the 
present  writer  visited  Guadalupe  Island  in  the  hope  of  securing 
specimens  of  the  fur  seal  said  to  have  once  existed  there.  The 
net  result  of  our  trip  was  four  more  or  less  broken  skulls  upon 
which  was  based  a  genus  and  species  new  to  North  America, 
Arctocephalus  townsendi.  In  Dr.  Townsend's  report  he  men- 
tions several  living  specimens  as  being  seen  but  not  taken.  In 
the  light  of  recent  events,  I  have  some  doubts  as  to  the  animals 
seen  were  really  fur  seals ;  they  may  have  been  young  California 
sea  lions.  The  yearling  Zalophus  is  quite  easily  mistaken  under 
conditions  such  as  we  encountered,  and  though  we  may  have 
seen  Arctocephalus  it  is  by  no  means  certain.  However,  in  1893. 
there  were  said  to  have  been  35  fur  seals  killed  on  Guadalupe 
and  15  the  year  following,  the  last  being  the  final  record,  so 
far  as  I  know,  although  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  a  few  were 
taken  from  year  to  year  for  some  time.  One  of  the  chief  ob- 
jects of  the  voyage  of  the  Tecate  in  1922  was  to  secure  all 
evidence  possible  as  to  the  fur  seal  in  the  past  and  to  ascertain 
if  living  animals  were  to  be  found. 

On  July  16  we  examined  the  old  rookery  at  Jacks  Bay  on  the 
weather  (west)  side  of  the  island,  where  the  skulls  of  Arcto- 
cephalus were  found  in  1892.  At  this  point  we  found  a  re- 
markably well  defined  rookery,  marked  by  well  polished  rocks, 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  307 

that  at  one  time  accommodated  fully  30,000  adult  seals.  As  is 
well  known  to  those  familiar  with  the  habits  of  fur  seals,  they 
restrict  themselves  to  certain  limits,  preferably  a  boulder- 
strewn  beach,  where  in  time — hundreds  of  generations  perhaps 
— the  rocks  become  polished  and  the  rookery  limits  defined  as 
sharply  as  if  painted.  A  short  distance  inland  from  the  rookery 
are  eight  stone  huts,  four  of  which  were  seemingly  for  store- 
houses and  four  for  living  quarters.  The  walls  only  are  left, 
and  it  is  evident  that  the  roofs  were  of  canvas  or  hides.  Still 
further  inland  is  an  extensive  area  of  land  cleared  of  stones 
and,  leading  to  it  from  the  rookery,  a  walled  driveway,  the 
walls  being  of  stones  and  palm  logs — the  cleared  space  being 
the  killing  and  skinning  grounds. 

From  the  evidence  obtainable,  this  was  the  work  of  Russians, 
who  came  from  the  north  with  Aleuts  not  less  than  125  years 
ago.  Not  a  bone  or  fragment  is  left  of  the  many  thousands  of 
fur  seals  killed  there  in  the  past.  At  the  south  end  of  Guada- 
lupe is  a  still  larger  rookery,  estimated  to  have  been  populated 
by  30,000  or  more.  Here,  as  at  Jacks  Bay,  are  a  number  of 
stone  walls  marking  the  sites  of  storehouses  and  living  quar- 
ters. On  the  beach  above  the  rookery,  the  cleared  area  is 
marked  by  thousands  of  wooden  pegs  once  in  use  to  hold  the 
skin  stretched  until  dry  enough  to  store  for  shipment.  Many 
of  the  pegs  today  mark  the  outlines  of  what  was  a  seal  skin 
over  100  years  ago,  and  so  kindly  have  the  elements  treated  the 
wood  that  there  is  scarcely  any  decay,  but  here,  as  at  the 
northern  rookery,  no  bones  of  Arctocephalus  were  found.  A 
somewhat  smaller  fur  seal  rookery  was  found  on  the  east  side 
of  the  island,  and  it  was  estimated  that  at  one  time  Guadalupe 
was  populated  by  at  least  100,000  fur  seals,  old  and  young. 

I  have  knowledge  of  two  fur  seals  being  shot  on  the  west 
San  Benito  in  about  the  year  1890. 

While  the  Guadalupe  Fur  Seal  was  resident  to  a  far  greater 
degree  than  its  northern  relative,  there  were  periods  each  year 
for  some  two  or  three  months  when  it  left  the  islands  and  dis- 
appeared. Where  it  went  the  hunters  were  unable  to  tell  me, 
nor  can  I  even  say  at  what  time  of  the  year  it  migrated.  During 
a  large  part  of  the  time  it  was  found  about  the  island.  It  in- 
habited the  many  caves  found  here,  and  there  is  a  chance  that 


308  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

some  such  cave  dwellers  may  have  been  overlooked  at  the  time 
we  were  exploring  the  islands. 

I  find  among  the  early  records  of  the  islands  some  very  inter- 
esting notes  on  the  fur  seal,  as  the  log  of  the  Port  au  Prince, 
a  whaler  that  sailed  from  England,  February  12,  1805,  and 
toucned  at  Cedros  for  a  cargo  of  elephant  seal  oil.  Leaving 
Cedros  on  August  23,  she  proceeded  to  the  Benitos  15  miles 
west,  where  in  19  days,  8,338  fur  seals  were  killed.  The  ship 
Dromio,  out  of  Boston,  arrived  at  "Shelvrocks  Island" 
(Socorro)  in  November,  1808,  and  in  two  weeks  killed  3,000 
fur  seals.  Another  early  navigator  states  that  as  he  found  the 
northern  islands — Santa  Barbara  Islands  and  those  of  Lower 
California — being  sealed  by  the  Russians,  he  proceeded  to 
Socorro  where,  in  a  day's  search  he  saw  some  20  fur  seals 
and  1,500  sea  lions.  The  fur  seal  outlook  not  being  inviting. 
the  ship  did  not  engage  in  that  trade. 

The  fur  seals  of  Guadalupe  must  have  been  commercially  ex- 
terminated by  the  Russians  early  in  the  last  century,  for  noth- 
ing seemed  to  have  been  known  of  them  during  the  American 
occupation  of  California  until  about  1876,  when  they  were  acci- 
dentally discovered  by  a  schooner  from  San  Diego,  and  for  a 
short  time  a  profitable  trade  was  enjoyed  by  a  number  of  small 
craft.  The  curtain  was  rung  down  on  the  last  act  in  1894, 
when  15  were  said  to  be  the  season's  catch.  We  have  authentic 
records  of  5,575  being  killed  at  Guadalupe  and  San  Benito 
between  1876  and  1894.  Whether  there  will  be  others  in  the 
years  to  come  remains  to  be  seen. 


11.     Phoca  richardii  geronimensis. 

San  Geronimo  Harbor  Seal 

This  species  never  was  very  abundant  on  the  coast  of  Lower 
California,  but  a  few  were  seen  on  the  sand  bars  in  San  Ouintin 
Bay.  On  San  Roque  Island,  August  2.  there  were  a  dozen  or 
more  on  the  rocks.  They  seem  to  avoid  the  company  of  other 
species,  and  are  more  at  home  on  the  sand  bars  and  mud  flats 
of  enclosed  waters  than  the  rocky  shores  and  surf  that  seem 
to  suit  the  requirements  of  Zalophus. 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  309 

12.     Macrorhinus  angustirostris.     Elephant  Seal 

The  history  of  this  most  interesting-  species  is  filled  with 
tragedy.  Once  it  was  abundant  from  the  region  of  Santa  Bar- 
bara to  Magdalena  Bay,  some  800  miles  of  coast  line.  It  became 
so  reduced  in  numbers,  due  to  extensive  slaughter  on  the  part  of 
the  early  whalers  who  killed  the  animal  for  the  oil,  that  as  long 
ago  as  1869,  Scammon  regarded  it  as  "nearly,  if  not  quite,  ex- 
tinct." Since  that  day  naturalists  have  several  times  unexpect- 
edly encountered  a  small  family  and,  in  killing  them,  have 
secured  for  science  what  they  honestly  looked  upon  as  the  last 
of  the  species.  Although  the  taking  of  these  last  survivors  was 
regarded  as  regrettable  in  the  extreme,  it  was  considered  justi- 
fied, on  the  grounds  that  the  species  was  doomed  to  die  at  the 
hands  of  whalers  or  sealers,  and  museums  were  in  need  of  the 
specimens. 

The  present  condition  of  the  remnant  of  the  once  abundant 
species  speaks  volumes  for  its  ability  to  rebuild,  if  given  oppor- 
tunity. In  1911,  Charles  H.  Townsend  found  150  on  the  west 
side  of  Guadalupe,  at  the  same  hauling  grounds  where  he  and 
the  present  writer  found  nine  in  1892, — of  which  seven  were 
killed  for  the  National  Museum  at  Washington.  On  the  return 
of  Dr.  Townsend's  expedition,  the  newspa|)ers  of  the  coast 
featured  the  rediscovery  of  this  strange  creature  in  such  man- 
ner that  the  public  was  led  to  think  that  the  capture  of  one 
meant  an  independent  fortune  for  the  captor,  and  as  a  result 
to  be  expected  the  fishermen  of  southern  California  flocked 
to  the  spot  to  reap  the  harvest.  It  would  be  impossible  to  state 
how  many  were  killed,  but  they  were  numerous  and,  needless 
to  state,  the  specimens  thus  killed  were  of  no  value  to  museums. 
The  Mexican  Government,  at  this  stage  of  the  game,  placed  an 
embargo  on  the  killing  of  elephant  seals,  and,  for  a  time  at 
least,  the  few  living  were  given  a  respite. 

In  the  winter  of  1920-21,  an  enterprising  whaler,  hearing 
of  the  occurrence  of  the  species  on  the  coast  of  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, outfitted  for  a  cruise  that  was  intended  to  bring  their 
history  to  an  end.  Fortunately,  however,  it  was  supposed  that 
the  elephant  seals  were  in  the  Gulf  of  California.    Guadalupe 


3IQ  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Island  was  not  visited,  and  the  voyage,  from  a  commercial 
point,  was  a  failure. 

About  the  time  plans  were  being  made  for  the  total  extermi- 
nation of  this  species  by  way  of  the  whaler's  try-pot,  a  com- 
pany operating  a  fertilizer  plant  in  California  applied  to  Dr. 
Hanna,  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  tor  information 
as  to  the  whereabouts  of  the  sea  elephants,  stating  they  wanted 
to  use  what  were  left  for  a  few  days'  run  of  their  plant.  Need- 
less to  state,  the  information  was  not  given,  and  while  some 
cabbage  field  may  have  lost  a  temporary  stimulant,  the  ele- 
phants were  given  another  reprieve.  In  July,  when  the  Guada- 
lupe elephant  bjach  was  visited  by  our  expedition,  we  found 
264  animals  hauled  on  the  sand,  14  of  which  seemed  to  be 
young  of  the  year  and  presumably  there  was  an  equal  number 
of  mothers.  While  the  adult  animals  are  quite  fearless,  even 
almost  impossible  to  disturb  to  the  extent  of  causing  them  to 
leave  the  beach,  the  pups  were  rather  timid  and  before  the  dis- 
parity of  sexes  was  noticed  all  the  pups  had  gone  to  sea,  and 
with  them  the  females,  leaving  only  the  bulls  to  interview  the 
intruding  naturalists.  At  this  date  (July  12)  the  younger  ani- 
mals had  seemingly  finished  the  moult  and  were  in  a  dark 
gray  or  blackish  coat, — ^black  when  first  emerging  from  the 
water.  Most  of  the  larger  bulls  were  in  a  tattered,  ragged 
condition,  indicating  the  extreme  moult,  the  neck  and  anterior 
parts  of  the  body  being  hung  with  streamers  of  cuticle  and 
hair,  oftentimes  several  inches  in  length,  hanging  from  pink  or 
flesh-colored  undersurface,  suggesting  a  bad  case  of  sunburn. 

In  moulting,  not  only  is  the  hair  renewed  but  the  entire 
cuticle  seems  to  be  shed,  the  beach  being  strewn  with  patches 
of  the  old  coat  oftentimes  as  large  as  a  man's  hand.  On  ex- 
amination of  these  detached  patches  of  cuticle  and  pelage,  it  is 
difficult  to  tell  at  a  glance  which  was  the  inner  side,  the  hair 
extending  3  mm.  beyond  the  cuticle  on  its  inner  surface  and 
10  mm.  for  the  exterior  measurement.  The  color  is  somewhat 
lighter  on  the  flesh  side  as  well.  These  animals  with  the  old 
moulting  coats  were  more  or  less  uniform  yellowish-tan,  or 
what  is  generally  recognized  in  the  West  as  "buckskin"  color, 
contrasting  strongly  with  the  darker — almost  black — coats  of 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  2)\\ 

the  younger  males  that  had  completed  the  mouU.  The  pups 
that  we  assumed  to  be  of  the  current  year  were  about  175 
pounds  in  weight,  dark  gray  above,  with  an  obscure  motthng 
of  the  coat  in  certain  hghts,  suggestive  of  the  spots  in  the 
coloring  of  Phoca  richardii,  the  upper  coloring  gradually  fad- 
ing to  a  very  light  gray — almost  white — below. 

A  yearling  size  juvenile  was  estimated  to  be  of  about  500 
pounds  weight  and,  like  the  adults,  uniform  dark  gray.  In  the 
adult  female  the  coloring  is  similar,  the  only  difference  being 
in  the  almost  total  lack  of  the  nasal  development  so  character- 
istic of  the  adult  male.  In  this  respect  they  resemble  quite 
closely  the  undeveloped  males.  A  male  elephant  seal  was  shot 
for  the  Mexican  collections  and,  though  several  shots  were  re- 
quired to  dispatch  the  animal,  those  10  feet  distant  paid  little  or 
no  attention  to  the  disturbance.  The  stomach  contents  of  this 
animal  was  a  small  amount  of  the  volcanic  sand  of  which  the 
beach  is  composed. 

In  1892  I  found  sand  and  pebbles  the  size  of  hens'  eggs  in 
the  stomachs  of  those  taken  for  the  National  Museum,  and  in 
only  one  was  there  any  indication  of  the  food — a  fish,  Sebas- 
todes(  ?),  of  about  one  and  one-half  pounds,  together  with  a 
few  fronds  of  kelp  that  were  doubtless  unintentionally  taken 
along  with  the  fish,  was  taken  from  the  stomach  of  one  young 
male. 

Before  landing,  the  animals  spend  some  time  along  the  surf 
and  it  is  quite  possible  that  digestion  is  complete  before  they 
land.  The  stones  and  sand  are  no  doubt  taken  from  time  to 
time  in  capturing  their  finny  prey,  and  is  not  in  any  manner 
intentional.  Similar  matter  has  been  reported  as  found  in  the 
stomachs  of  sea  lions  and  fur  seals,  and  has  been  mentioned  as 
"ballast"  that  is  taken  by  the  seal  before  going  into  the 
water, — a  story  that  should  be  classed  with  that  of  the  hoop- 
snake. 

An  alarmed  elephant  seal  will  often  "back  up"  at  a  pace  ex- 
ceeding that  usually  shown  in  advancing.  This  is  accomplished 
by  repeated,  sudden  jerking  of  the  hind  flippers  and  posterior 
part  of  the  body,  and  is  suggestive  of  the  progress  of  a  freshly 


312  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

captured  lobster.  At  times  they  will  back  down  the  beach  and 
into  the  surf  in  this  manner  rather  than  turn  and  perhaps  lose 
sight  of  the  object  that  threatens.  Upon  coming  out  of  the 
water,  the  adults  leisurely  crawled  up  to  a  point  well  above  the 
tide,  frequently  pausing  to  rest,  as  if  the  effort  were  con- 
siderable. No  use  is  made  of  the  posterior  limbs,  the  body 
being  laboriously  dragged  along  by  action  of  the  short  but 
very  powerful  front  flippers  and  the  muscles  of  the  abdomen, 
somewhat  as  an  "inch  worm"  progresses.  Finding  a  spot 
suited  to  its  ideals,  the  animal  usually  proceeds  to  pitch  sand 
over  its  back,  using  the  front  flippers  as  shovels  until  the  upper 
parts  are  well  sanded.  The  same  shovels  and  lava  sand  also 
come  in  play  as  means  of  defence,  for  on  several  occasions 
when  an  animal  was  disturbed  by  members  of  our  party  a  dis- 
charge of  sand,  sent  with  almost  the  force  of  bird  shot,  caused 
a  hasty  withdrawal.  It  was  quite  evident  that  the  barrage  was 
intended  as  a  defence,  for  while  the  sand  intended  as  a  cover- 
ing for  the  back  is  always  tossed  six  or  eight  feet  in  the  air, 
to  land  largely  on  the  animal,  when  intended  for  the  face  of  a 
man  it  was  shot  backward  at  a  low  angle,  the  seal  looking  back 
over  the  shoulder  to  note  the  effect  and  turning  with  surpris- 
ing quickness  to  keep  the  intruder  in  range  of  its  artillery. 

The  adult  males  are  somewhat  quarrelsome  and,  to  judge 
by  the  battle-scarred  necks  and  shoulders,  indulge  in  some  com- 
bats that  are  decidedly  sanguinary.  At  the  time  of  our  visit, 
however,  an  armistice  had  been  declared.  Two  bulls  meeting 
often  snapped  at  each  other,  raising  the  heads  to  a  surprising 
height  —  eight  feet  or  more,  —  mouth  open  and  attitude 
threatening  in  the  extreme,  and  such  battles  resulted  in  more 
threats.  When  challenging,  the  bulls  often  curved  the  flexible 
proboscis  over  into  the  wide  open  mouth  until  it  must  have 
been  nearly  at  the  base  of  the  tongue.  At  such  times  they 
gave  voice  to  the  only  sound  I  have  heard,  a  loud  gurgling 
roar,  that  might  be  compared  to  a  much  magnified  snore.  I 
have  heard  this  note  when  half  a  mile  or  more  from  the  ani- 
mal. At  times,  also,  the  trunk  is  elevated  and  recurved  until 
it  points  almost  backward.  At  rest  and  in  its  normal  position, 
it  is  withdrawn  until  it  overhangs  the  mouth  but  little  and  rests 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  At^D  MAMMALS  313 

ill  two  or  three  grotesque  folds,  extending  back  nearly  to  the 
eyes. 

Estimating  the  number  of  female  and  immature  elephant 
seals  on  the  basis  of  the  adult  males  we  found  on  the  beach  in 
July,  the  entire  Guadalupe  herd  should  easily  be  1,000  animals. 
There  were  over  300  adult  males  on  the  main  beach  on  our 
return,  July  16,  and  at  the  entrance  to  a  large  cave  north  of 
the  beach  we  found  36  more,  all  males.  The  cave  being  all  but 
closed  by  the  high  tide,  we  were  unable  to  ascertain  what  might 
be  inside.  The  Mexicans,  however,  on  a  subsequent  visit  to 
the  island  early  in  September,  found  "150  females  and  an  equal 
number  of  pups  about  thirty  inches  in  length  inside  the  cave." 
If  this  information  regarding  the  young  is  correct,  those  which 
we  saw  in  July  and  considered  as  young  of  the  year  were  about 
ten  months  old — as  the  pups  of  the  California  sea  lion,  Zalo- 
phus,  are  fully  30  inches  in  length  at  birth.  There  would  seem 
to  be  something  further  needed  in  way  of  data  before  we  defi- 
nitely state  that  the  animals  seen  were  in  fact  Macrorhinus. 

Several  years  ago  there  were  a  number  of  elephant  seals 
captured  at  Guadalupe  and  taken  to  one  of  the  amusement 
piers  near  Los  Angeles,  where  for  a  time  they  were  on  exhibi- 
tion. A  storm  destroyed  the  pier  and  the  seals  escaped.  On 
two  or  three  occasions  the  species  has  been  reported  from  dif- 
ferent points  along  the  Santa  Barbara  Channel,  and  it  is  quite 
probable  that  it  is  the  escapes  that  were  seen.  There  may 
perhaps  be  a  small  breeding  herd  established  at  some  of  the 
outlying  islands  which,  if  protected,  will  in  time  re-establish 
the  species  in  its  old-time  haunts  among  these  islands. 

For  several  years  past  a  few  elephant  seals  have  been  seen 
about  the  San  Benito  Islands,  but  it  is  certain  that  no  colony 
has  yet  been  established  there.  They  have  been  seen  in  May 
and  October  and  in  sunicient  numbers  to  indicate  that  more 
than  a  mere  few  might  have  wandered  from  the  main  herd. 
They  no  doubt  in  due  time,  if  the  present  protection  is  en- 
forced, will  regain  their  lost  rookeries  on  San  Benito  and 
Cedros.  We  found  a  number  of  badly  weathered  skulls  on 
each  of  the  above  mentioned  islands,  where  the  whalers  of  50 
years  or  more  ago  had  killed  the  animals  for  their  oil. 


314  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

The  Mexican  Government  has  recently  designated  both 
Guadakipe  and  Cedros  islands  as  animal  refuges,  with  a  very 
heavy  penalty  for  any  infraction  of  the  lav^.  If  the  regulations 
are  enforced,  there  is  no  doubt  but  the  present  species,  as  well 
as  others,  the  future  of  which  is  in  danger,  may  enjoy  many 
more  years  of  existence. 

13.     Peromyscus  eremicus  cedrosensis. 

Cedros  Island  White-footed  Mouse 

Specimens  are  in  the  collections  from  each  of  the  five  sta- 
tions made  on  .Cedros  Island.  The  species  seemed  to  be  rare 
in  the  interior,  out  very  common  along  the  beaches. 

14.  Peromyscus  eremicus  polypolius  (?) 

Margarita  White-footed  Mouse 

Several  Peromyscus  were  taken  on  Margarita  Island,  but  all 
were  so  badly  mutilated  by  ants  that  little  could  be  learned  of 
the  external  appearance.  One  specimen  was  seemingly  of  an 
almost  uniform  ashy  or  pearl  gray,  lighter  below, — perhaps 
an  albino. 

15.  Peromyscus  maniculatus  sonoriensis. 

Sonoran  White-footed  Mouse 

It  is  with  some  hesitation  that  I  refer  a  single  Peromyscus 
from  San  Quintin  to  this  race.  The  specimen  is  immature  and 
agrees  in  a  general  way  with  specimens  from  southern  Cali- 
fornia of  similar  age,  but  the  tail  is  much  more  sharply  bicolor 
and  the  lower  parts  more  decidedly  white  than  any  in  the  col- 
lection of  the  San  Diego  Society  of  Natural  History. 

16.     Peromyscus  maniculatus  coolidgei. 
Coolidge  White-footed  Mouse 
At  San  Bartolome  Bay  two  specimens  were  taken. 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  315 

17.     Peromyscus  maniculatus  geronimensis. 

Ashy-gray   White-footed    Mouse 

Very  abundant  on  Natividad  Island,  the  only  station  in  its 
habitat  at  which  we  touched. 

18.     Peromyscus  maniculatus  cineritius. 
San  Roque  White-footed  Mouse 

Very  abundant  on  Asuncion  Island.  San  Roque  Island,  the 
type  locality  of  this  subspecies,  is  but  six  or  seven  miles  from 
Asuncion  and  with  exactly  similar  conditions  and  environment. 
No  traps  were  set  on  San  Roque,  so  I  am  unable  to  make  a  di- 
rect comparison  with  specimens  from  that  island.  Specimens 
were  sent  to  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  and 
compared  with  types  by  my  son,  H.  E.  Anthony,  who  states  : 

"Very  close  to  cineritius  of  San  Roque ;  belly  a  trifle  whiter, 
hind  feet  seeming  to  lack  dusky  ankles  of  San  Roque  series. 
It  is  possible  that  the  Asuncion  animal  is  a  slightly  character- 
ized subspecies  of  maniculatus  distinct  from  cineritius,  but  a 
larger  series  of  specimens  from  Asuncion  as  well  as  from  San 
Roque  is  needed  to  establish  this  point.  No  apparent  skull 
differences." 

19.     Peromyscus  maniculatus  magdalenae. 
Magdalena  White-footed  Mouse 
Common  on  Magdalena  Island. 

20.     Neotoma  intermedia  intermedia. 
Intermediate  Wood  Rat 
Common  about  San  Quintin  Bay. 

21.     Neotoma  intermedia  pretiosa. 

Matancita  Wood  Rat 

Quite  common  on  both  Magdalena  and  Margarita  islands. 


315  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Sm. 

22.     Neotoma  bryanti. 

Cedros   Island  Wood  Rat 

Neotoma  were  found  more  or  less  abundantly  in  all  parts  of 
Cedros  Island,  more  common  in  the  northern  end  and  among 
the  more  broken  parts  of  the  island  and  rather  scarce  at  the 
south  end,  where  the  land  is  lower  and  less  suited  to  their 
requirements. 

23.     Epimys  rattus  alexandrinus. 

Roof  Rat 

A  specimeil  taken  on  the  west  side  of  San  Quintin  Bay  op- 
posite the  settlement.  At  some  time  within  the  past  two  years 
a  large  steamer  was  wrecked  on  San  Roque  Island,  evidently 
introducing  rats  at  that  point,  as  a  dead  Epimys  was  seen  on 
the  beach. 

24.     Mus  musculus  musculus. 

House  Mouse 

Mice  of  this  genus  are  more  or  less  distributed  over  Guada- 
lupe Island  and,  as  they  are  more  abundant  in  the  sections  ad- 
jacent to  the  fur-seal  rookeries,  it  is  not  improbable  that  they 
were  introduced  by  the  Russians  a  century  or  more  ago.  A 
single  immature  mouse  was  shot  at  Jacks  Bay  on  the  west  side 
of  the  island.  If  this  specimen  represents  the  normal  color  of 
the  race  at  present  found  on  Guadalupe,  it  is  a  very  interesting 
illustration  of  evolution.  The  upper  parts  are  a  rich  brown, 
several  shades  darker  than  any  specimen  in  the  collection  of  the 
San  Diego  Museum  of  Natural  History;  below,  somewhat 
lighter.  It  will  be  better,  however,  to  await  further  specimens 
before  separating  the  race. 

25.     Perognathus  helleri. 

Heller's  Pocket  Mouse 

The  type  of  this  species  was  taken  at  San  Quintin,  where 
pocket  mice  are  quite  common.     For  some  reason  they  were 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  317 

very  hard  to  trap  at  the  time  of  our  visit,  and  but  two  were 
secured,  both  from  the  west  side  of  the  bay. 


26.     Perognathus  penicillatus  albulus. 

Magdalena  Island  Pocket  Mouse 

At  Magdalena  Bay  we  found  this  race  not  uncommon,  but 
owing  to  the  ants  destroying  the  specimens    only  two  w^ere 
secured  in  condition  worth  saving. 

27.     Perognathus  anthonyi, 

Anthony's  Pocket  Mouse 

For  the  past  quarter  of  a  century  this  species  has  been  rep- 
resented by  the  single  type  in  the  collection  of  the  Biological 
Survey,  collected  by  the  present  writer  at  South  Bay,  Cedros 
Island.  During  the  summer  of  1922  we  found  the  species 
rather  commonly  distributed  over  the  island,  from  the  sandy 
arroyos  at  the  beach  to  the  rocky  hillsides  nearly  or  quite,  to 
the  tops  of  the  higher  mountains.  For  some  reason,  this 
species  was  very  difficult  to  secure  in  traps  and  only  six  speci- 
mens were  taken.  The  series,  however,  shows  a  very  inter- 
esting condition  of  moult,  which  is  perhaps  best  expressed  in 
Dr.  Nelson's  letter  regarding  the  series : 

"The  specimens  of  Perognathus  from  Cedros  Island  have 
been  compared  with  the  type  taken  by  you  at  South  Bay  many 
years  ago.  One  of  these  from  the  west  side  of  Cedros  Island, 
like  the  others  from  South  Bay,  agrees  closely  with  the  type. 
These  specimens  in  fresh  pelage  are,  however,  nearly  through- 
out more  blackish,  less  brownish,  than  the  tyj>e,  which  is  in  a 
worn  and  somewhat  faded  pelage.  In  one  of  your  examples, 
however,  the  pelage  change  is  evidently  progressive,  beginning 
on  the  anterior  part  of  the  body.  The  brownish  rump  and  hind 
legs  still  in  worn  pelage  very  closely  resemble  the  faded  pelage 
of  the  type,  showing  that  the  apparent  difference  in  general 
color  is  only  seasonal.  These  specimens  of  Perognathus  an- 
thonyi are  of  considerable  interest,  as,  up  to  the  time  of  this 
second  collection,  the  type  had  remained  unique." 


313  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

The  work  of  this  species  so  closely  resembles  the  hills  that 
mark  the  burrows  of  Thomomys  that  for  many  years  I  have 
felt  certain  that  there  was  a  species  of  that  genus  to  be  found 
on  Cedros  Island.  Dr.  Hanna,  though  experienced  in  collect- 
ing pocket  gophers,  was  also  misled  by  the  many  "dumps" 
along  the  gulches  and  it  was  not  until  we  had  dug  into  several 
of  the  burrows  and  unearthed  a  pocket  mouse  that  we  reluc- 
tantly agreed  that  we  had  been  deceived. 


28.     Dipodomys  merriami  parvus. 
San  Bernardino  Kangaroo  Rat 
Not  uncommon  at  San  Quintin.     Three  specimens. 

29.     Dipodomys  platycephalus. 

One  night  was  devoted  to  the  traps  at  Abreojos  Point,  but, 
though  signs  of  Dipodomys  were  noted  in  several  places,  no 
specimens  were  taken.  An  owl  pellet,  which  was  found  near 
the  beach,  contained  the  skull  and  bones  of  the  above  species. 

30.     Ammospermophilus  leucurus  peninsulae. 

Lower  California   Ground  Squirrel 

Common  on  the  plain  east  of  San  Quintin,  where  two  were 
secured,  July  20. 

31.     Lepus  calif ornicus  martirensis. 

San  Pedro  Martir  Jack  Rabbit 

Two  jack  rabbits  taken  at  San  Quintin  in  July  are  somewhat 
puzzling.  If  one  is  to  judge  from  the  coloring  as  given  in 
Nelson's  "Rabbits  of  North  America,"  tliev  would  be  classed 
as  martirensis,  to  which  form  I  have  provisionally  assigned 
them ;  though  the  measurements  agree  more  closely  to  those  of 
hennettii. 


Vol.  XIV]  ANTHONY— THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS  319 

32.     Lepus  californicus  magdalenae. 

Magdalena  Island  Jack  Rabbit 

On  the  west  side  of  Margarita  Island  we  found  this  strongly 
marked  race  rather  common,  but  not  easily  collected  owing  to 
its  keeping  largely  in  the  thick  growth  of  underbrush  found 
along  this  side  of  the  island.  A  half-grown  young  was  shot 
July  29.  ' 

33.  Sylvilagus  bachmani  cinerascens. 

Ash-colored  Cottontail 

A  single  specimen  of  the  brush  rabbit  from  San  Quintin  I 
have  regarded  as  this  race.  There  is  nothing  to  distinguish  it 
from  specimens  taken  at  San  Diego,  either  in  color  or  measure- 
ments, though  the  locality  is  well  within  the  range  of  exiguus 
and  considerably  south  of  recorded  capture  of  cinerascens. 

34.  Sylvilagus  bachmani  cerrosensis. 

Cedros  Island  Cottontail 

Two  specimens  of  this  species  were  secured  from  Cedros 
Island. 

35.     Odocoileus  cerrosensis. 

Cedros  Island  White-tailed  Deer 

We  found  this  deer  fairly  common  on  Cedros  Island,  though 
since  its  discovery  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago  it  has  been  re- 
duced to  the  point  of  extinction  by  mining  operators  that  de- 
pended upon  venison  to  furnish  meat  the  year  round  for  a 
large  force  of  workmen.  The  last  company  working  the  mines 
at  the  north  end  of  Cedros  is  said  to  have  left  several  dogs 
that  have  multipled  until  at  this  date  several  large  packs  are 
roaming  the  island  and  killing  many  does  and  fawns.  In 
August  we  secured  several  specimens  and  saw  others. 


320  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

36.     Antilocapra  americana  peninsularis. 

Lower  California  Antelope 

Formerly  quite  abundant  from  San  Quintin  south  to  Turtle 
Bay,  but  reduced  at  this  writing  to  but  a  remnant  of  its  former 
numbers,  due  chiefly  to  hunters  hired  by  American  corporations 
operating  mines  and  quarries  within  the  range  of  the  species. 
The  only  evidence  we  found  was  a  horn,  from  a  recently  killed 
animal,  at  Abreojos  Point. 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF   THE 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  14,  pp.  321-343.  September  5,  1925 


XIV 
EXPEDITION  TO  GUADALUPE  ISLAND,  MEXICO, 

IN  1922^ 

THE  COLEOPTERA 

BY 

FRANK  E.  BLAISDELL,  Sr. 

This  report  covers  the  Coleoptera  taken  by  the  expedition  of 
the  CaHfornia  Academy  of  Sciences  to  Guadalupe  and  other 
islands  off  the  west  coast  of  Lower  California  in  July  and 
August,  1922.  This  expedition  was  made  possible  through  the 
courtesy  of  the  Mexican  Government,  which  placed  its  fish- 
eries patrol  boat  Tecate  at  the  services  of  the  Academy  and 
the  San  Diego  Society  of  Natural  History  and  collaborated 
with  those  institutions  in  the  work  of  the  expedition.  No 
entomologist  accompanied  the  party,  but  a  very  good  series  of 
insects  was  secured  through  the  efforts  of  Dr.  G.  Dallas  Hanna 
and  Mr.  Joseph  R.  Slevin,  who  devoted  as  much  time  to  this 
work  as  they  could  spare  from  their  other  duties.  The  fact 
that  14  new  species  and  a  good  series  of  other  rare  beetles 
were  taken  fully  justifies  the  effort  made. 

'This  paper  is  No.  3  of  the  Tecate  expedition.     No.   1,  the  Narative,  gives  a  complete 
itinerary.      See  this  volume,   pp.   217-275. 

September  5.    1925 


322  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

List  of  the  Species  Taken 
1.     Cicindela  latisignata  Lee. 

One  female  at  San  Quintin,  July  19,  by  Dr.  Hanna.    The 
legs  and  propleura  rather  more  coppery  than  usual. 

2.     Cicindela  haemorrhagica  Lee. 

A  series  of  nine  specimens  taken  at  San  Quintin,  July  19, 

Magdalena  Bay  July  26,  and  Cedros  Island  August  7,  by  Dr. 

Hanna. 

I 

3.     Cicindela  sigmoidea  Lee. 

Nine  specimens  were  secured  at  San  Quintin,  July  19,  by 
Dr.  Hanna. 


4.     Calosoma  semilaeve  Lee. 

Two  good  specimens  and  one  badly  damaged  specimen  were 
collected  at  San  Quintin,  July  20,  and  on  Guadalupe  Island, 
July  13  and  15,  by  Dr.  Hanna. 


5.     Celia  calif ornica  Dej. 

A  moderate  series  was  taken  on  Guadalupe  Island,  July  13 
and  15,  by  Dr.  Hanna. 


6.     Amara  insignis  Dej. 

A  small  series  obtained  on  Guadalupe  Island,  July  13  and  15, 
by  Dr.  Hanna. 


7.     Calathus  obscurus  Lee. 

Three  specimens  were  taken  on  the  main  land  at  San  Quin- 
tin, Lower  California,  on  July  19,  by  Dr.  Hanna. 


Vol.  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE  COLEOPTERA  323 

8.     Calathus  guadalupensis  Casey 

A  fine  series  of  this  large  species  was  taken  on  Guadalupe 
Island,  July  13  and  15,  by  Dr.  Hanna. 

9.     Platynus  (Leucagonum)  guadalupense  Casey 

In  this  species  the  body  is  more  abbreviated  than  in  maculp- 
collis  Dej.  Three  specimens.  Guadalupe  Island,  July  15,  by 
Dr.  Hanna. 

10.     Pinacodera  semisulcata  Horn 

A  moderately  large  series  of  this  species  was  secured  on 
Asuncion  Island,  August  1,  by  Dr.  Hanna. 

11.     Pinacodera  sulcipennis  Horn 

Three  specimens  were  taken  by  Dr.  Hanna  at  San  Quintin, 
July  19. 

12.     Dicheirus  piceus  Men, 

Guadalupe  Island,  July  14,  N.  E.  Landing.  One  specimen 
secured  by  Dr.  Hanna. 

13.    Anisotarsus  flebilis  Lee. 

A  single  example  of  this  species  was  found  on  Guadalupe 
Island,  July  17,  by  Mr.  Slevin. 

14.     Creophilus  villosus  Grav. 

A  single  example  of  this  common  and  widely  distributed 
species  was  taken  on  Guadalupe  Island,  July  15,  by  Mr.  Slevin. 

15.     Trichochrous  margaritae  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  parallel  to  slightly  oblong-ovate  and  moderately  convex.  Lustre 
dull.     Color   nigro-piceous ;    legs   bright   rufous ;    antennae   more   or   less 


324  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

rufo-piceous  distally,  toward  base  rufous ;  first  joint  usually  rufo-piceous ; 
terminal  two  joints  of  the  maxillary  palpi  blackish  at  apex;  mouth  parts 
more  or  less  pale,  labrum  rufous ;  elytra  at  apex  more  or  less  obscurely 
reddish. 

Pubescence  slightly  squamiform  above,  dense,  short,  recumbent,  with 
no  evidence  of  longer  intermixed  hairs;  color  ashy.  Lateral  pronotal 
and  elytral  fimbriae  moderately  short,  not  very  closely  placed.  Body  be- 
neath with  finer,  longer  and  more  sparsely  placed  hairs. 

Head  relatively  small,  subtriangular,  muzzle  short;  front  scarcely  im- 
pressed, punctures  fine  and  not  crowded.  Eyes  prominent.  Antennae 
moderately  stout  and  extending  length  of  terminal  joint  beyond  pronotal 
base. 

Pronotum  about  a  fourth  to  a  third  wider  than  long;  apex  truncate  in 
moderate  circular  arc ;  apical  angles  obtusely  rounded ;  sides  scarcely 
subangulately  arcuate  just  behind  middle  at  point  of  greatest  width, 
thence  feebly  arcuate  and  converging  to  apex  and  base ;  base  broadly 
arcuate  with  the  angles  broadly  rounded ;  disk  rather  strongly  and  evenly 
convex ;  punctures  fine  and  not  dense. 

Elytra  about  twice  as  long  as  wide,  moderately  and  evenly  convex ; 
sides  parallel,  punctures  fine  and  not  dense.  Abdomen  finely  and  rather 
densely  punctate. 

Male :  Narrower  and  more  parallel.  Fifth  ventral  truncato-sinuate. 
Female:  Rather  more  oblong-ovate,  and  a  little  w^ider;  fifth  ventral 
rather  subangulately  arcuate  at  apex. 

Length   (types)    1.6-2.4  mm.;  width  .8-1  mm. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1676,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1677,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  Dr.  G.  D.  Hanna,  July  29,  1922, 
on  Santa  Margarita  Island.  Paratypes  in  the  collection  of  the 
Academy  and  in  that  of  the  author. 

According  to  Casey's  table  of  species,  margaritcs  falls  near 
innocetts  Casey  and  apicalis  Casey.  Innocens  is  more  elongate 
with  less  dense  and  pale  fulvous  pubescence.  In  apicalis  the 
pronotum  is  transversely  oval  and  the  body  stouter,  with  the 
elytra  more  widely  testaceous  at  apex.  A  series  of  15  speci- 
mens has  been  studied. 

16.     Necrobia  rufipes  De  G. 

One  specimen  of  this  cosmopolitan  species  taken  on  Guada- 
lupe Island,  July  11,  by  Dr.  Hanna. 


Vol.  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE  COLEOPTERA  325 

17.     Nemognatha  insularis  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  elongate.  Color  fulvous  throughout,  except  the  antennae,  tips  of 
femora,  tibiae  and  tarsi,  which  are  deep  black.  Surface  sparsely  clothed 
with  short  and  nearly  erect  black  hairs,  those  of  the  under  parts  longer. 

Head  finely  and  rather  thickly  punctate ;  eyes  oblong-oval,  slightly  sinu- 
ate anteriorly;  maxillae  slender,  moderately  short,  attaining  base  of  me- 
tasternum  when  the  head  is  flexed  against  the  presternum;  antennae  ex- 
tending to  about  middle  of  elytra. 

Pronotum  subquadrate,  slightly  widest  in  anterior  third,  angles  round- 
ed; apex  rather  arcuate,  feebly  sinuate  in  middle  third;  sides  feebly 
arcuate,  slightly  convergent  posteriorly ;  base  arcuate ;  disc  moderately 
and  quite  evenly  convex,  very  finely  and  not  densely  punctate.  Elytra 
finely  and  not  very  closely  punctate.  Spurs  of  the  metatibiae,  equal  and 
slender. 

Male :  Abdomen  with  sparsely  placed  and  rather  long  black  hairs ; 
fourth  and  fifth  segments  with  median  tufts  of  pale  hairs;  sixth  seg- 
ment apparently  impressed  and  deeply  emarginate,  emargination  tri- 
angular and  about  twice  as  deep  as  wide  at  base. 

Length  (types)   7.5-9  mm. ;  width  2-2.4  mm. 

Insularis  approaches  nearest  to  an  unnamed  Sierran  species. 
It  should  follow  scutellaris  Lee.  in  our  lists. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1678,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1679,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  Dr.  G.  D.  Hanna,  August  4, 
1922,  at  Bernstein's  Spring,  on  Cedros  Island.  Paratype,  one 
male  in  collection  of  the  author. 


18.     Buprestis  aurulenta  L. 

One  specimen  taken  on  Guadalupe  Island,  July  15,  by  Dr. 
Hanna. 


19.     Agrilus  blandus  Horn 
One  specimen  taken  on  Cedros  Island  by  Dr.  Hanna. 

20.     Dermestes  vulpinus  Fab. 

A  moderate  series  was  taken  by  Dr.  Hanna  at  the  following 
places :  Asuncion  Island,  August  1 ;  San  Roque  Island,  August 
2;  Abreojos  Point,  July  31. 

September  5,   1935 


326  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

21.     Rhagodera  laticeps  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  elongate,  a  little  more  than  three  times  as  long  as  wide,  slightly 
wider  posteriorly  and  moderately  convex.  Color  nigro-piceous  and  usual- 
ly more  or  less  covered  by  a  grayish  coating. 

Head  nearly  quadrate,  slightly  dilated  anteriorly  and  coarsely  punctate ; 
front  with  or  without  impressions,  when  distinct  noticeable  along  the 
frontal  suture,  on  vertex  and  broadly  and  feebly  within  the  eyes ;  super- 
ciliary ridge  acute  but  not  raised  above  the  eyes  as  in  costata;  sides  of 
front  obliquely  emarginate  at  oblique  suture. 

Pronotum  broader  than  long,  sides  arcuate  anteriorly,  becoming  broadly 
sinuate,  convergent,  straight  or  parallel  to  base,  where  the  angles  are 
subrectangular  and  slightly  prominent  posteriorly;  sides  feebly  denticu- 
late ;  disk  strongly  bicostate,  costae  scarcely  arcuate  and  parallel. 

Elytra  oblong,  slightly  widest  behind ;  humeri  subrectangnjlar ;  sutural, 
marginal  and  the  discal  costae  entire  and  subacutely  elevated;  intervals 
with  two  rows  of  large,  coarse,  but  not  strongly  impressed  punctures. 
Body  clothed  with  short  scale-like  hairs. 

Length  (type)  7.5  mm. ;  width  2.4  mm. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1680,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  Hanna  and  Slevin,  August  13,  1922,  on  San  Benito  Island. 
Paratypes,  12  females  in  the  Academy  collection  and  in  that  of 
the  author. 

R.  laticeps  varies  in  size  just  as  tuberctUatus  does;  it  is  no 
larger  and  is  distinct  from  both  that  species  and  costatus. 
Horn's  description  of  costatus  is  too  meager  and  unsatisfac- 
tory ;  he  states  that  it  is  more  depressed  than  tuherculatus,  with 
all  the  costae  more  prominent  and  with  deeper  interstitial  punc- 
tures. This  is  not  so  with  laticeps,  for  the  costae  and  inter- 
stitial punctures  are  less  strongly  marked,  the  elytra  are  widest 
behind  the  middle ;  the  basal  angles  of  the  pronotum  are  really 
a  little  more  than  rectangular,  but  I  do  not  consider  them 
acute  and  posteriorly  produced  as  Horn  states  of  costatus. 

R.  laticeps  is  much  less  rough  and  less  strongly  sculptured 
than  tuherculatus.  From  Horn's  description  I  drew  the  in- 
ference that  costatus  is  as  strongly  or  more  strongly  sculptured 
than  tuherculatus. 


22.     Melanophthalma  distinguenda  Com, 

Four  specimens,  all  taken  at   N.   E.   Landing  on   Guada- 
lupe Island,  July  11,  by  Hanna  and  Slevin. 


Vol.  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE   COLEOPTERA  2>27 

23.     Scymnus  guadalupensis  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  moderately  broadly  oval,  slightly  narrowed  anteriorly.  Abdominal 
post-coxal  arc  normal,  not  quite  attaining  the  apical  margin  of  first  seg- 
ment, arcuate  throughout,  curving  forward  externally  and  attaining  the 
basal  margin  of  the  segment.  Presternum  rather  wide  and  feebly  con- 
vex between  the  coxae ;  carinae  feeble  and  converging  slightly  anteriorly, 
entire,  intervening  surface  glabrous.  Body  bicolored,  pale  above  and 
somewhat  nubilate.  Pubescence  sparse,  short,  pale  flavate  in  color  and 
irregularly  directed.  Color  beneath  deep  black;  legs  rather  dark  luteo- 
fiavate;  head,  pronotum  and  elytra,  more  or  less  castaneous. 

Head  piceo-castaneous,  front  plane,  finely  and  sparsely  punctate. 

Pronotum  transverse,  sides  discontinuous  with  those  of  the  elytra, 
feebly  arcuate  and  parallel;  base  lobed  at  middle  third,  thence  obliquely 
and  very  feebly  arcuate;  disk  blackish  in  central  and  basal  two-thirds 
and  narrowly  so  along  the  apical  margin  behind  the  head,  punctures 
sparse  and  slightly  coarse. 

Elytra  narrowly  black  on  the  sutural  margins,  and  very  indefinitely 
clouded  on  each  elytron  near  the  base ;  punctures  scarcely  coarse  and 
sparsely  placed,  finer  along  the  suture.  Scutellum  black.  Beneath 
densely  and  rather  coarsely  punctate,  including  the  post-coxal  plate. 

Length  2  mm.;  width  1.5  mm. 

Type:  No.  1681,  Mus,  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  Mr. 
Slevin,  July  17,  1922,  at  the  South  Anchorage,  Guadalupe 
Island. 

Fall,  in  his  "List  of  the  Coleoptera  of  the  Southern  Cali- 
fornia Islands,"  does  not  mention  a  sing-le  species  of  Scymnus 
as  having-  been  taken  on  Guadalupe  Island.  The  single  speci- 
men at  hand  is  well  preserved  and  surely  does  not  agree  with 
anything  mentioned  by  Casey  in  his  "Revision  of  the  American 
Coccinellidae,  nor  apparently  with  any  species  given  in  the 
Biologia. 

S.  guadalupensis  resembles  nehulosiis  at  first  sight.  Its  color 
is  darker,  the  post-coxal  lines  are  complete,  the  prosternum  is 
less  convex  and  the  carinae  feeble  and  more  widely  separated, 
with  the  intervening  surface  glabrous.  In  nebiilosus  the  post- 
coxal  lines  are  incomplete,  the  prosternum  more  convex,  cari- 
nae stronger  and  more  evidently  converging  anteriorly  with  the 
intervening  space  narrower. 


328  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

24.     Coccinella  califomica  Mann. 

Nineteen  specimens.  Guadalupe  Island,  July  11-15,  col- 
lected by  Hanna  and  Slevin. 

25.     Exochomus  fasciatus  Casey 

One  specimen  was  secured  at  each  of  the  following  places: 
San  Quintin,  July  19;  Natividad  Island,  August  3;  Santa 
Margarita  Island,  July  29 ;  all  by  Dr.  Hanna. 

26.     Cistelid,  undetermined  species 


I 


27.     Cryptadius  inflatus  Lee. 

Seven  specimens,  Natividad  Island,  August  3 ;  Asuncion 
Island ;  Angulo  Rock,  August  1 ;  San  Roque  Island,  August 
2 ;  secured  by  Hanna  and  Slevin. 


28.     Stibia  williamsi  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  ovate,  about  twice  as  long  as  wide,  elytra  somewhat  inflated, 
strongly  convex.  Color  dark  nigro-^iceous ;  legs  and  antennae  slightly 
rufo-piceous ;  surface  shining  and  glabrous,  head  and  pronotum  slightly 
duller. 

Head  rather  coarsely  and  confluently  punctate;  deflexed  epistomal  lobe 
triangular,  line  forming  the  upper  margin  of  the  deflexed  portion  not 
strong  and,  as  usual,  continuous  with  the  sides  of  the  front  when  viewed 
from  above ;  mandibular  tooth  subapical.  Antennae  long  and  slender, 
tenth  joint  attaining  pronotal  base. 

Pronotum  transverse  and  moderately  convex ;  apex  truncate  in  moder- 
ate circular  arc ;  apical  angles  rectangular  and  subacute ;  sides  broadly 
arcuate,  slightly  straighter  posteriorly  than  anteriorly,  margin  acute  but 
not  noticeably  beaded;  basal  angles  obtuse  and  distinct;  base  slightly 
sinuate  laterally ;  disk  densely  but  not  very  coarsely,  and  more  or  less 
confluently,  punctate;  punctures  rather  discrete  along  the  lateral  margin. 

Elytra  oval,  about  a  third  longer  than  wide,  somewhat  inflated ;  disk 
with  nine  discal  series  of  moderately  strong  punctures  and  a  short  scutel- 
lar  row  which  is  more  or  less  confused  and  indistinct ;  the  series  becom- 
ing obsolete  on  the  apical  declivity  before  the  apex;  intervals  with  few 
extremely  fine  punctules.  Body  beneath  strongly  and  coarsely  punctate 
on   the   metasternum,   punctures   slightly   finer   on   the  prosternum,    still 


Vol.  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE   COLEOPTERA  $29 

finer  on  the  abdomen  toward  base,  and  distinctly  fine  on  last  three  seg- 
ments.    Legs  moderate  in  length,  finely  and  rather  evenly  punctate. 

Male :  Usually  a  little  smaller  than  the  opposite  sex ;  elytra  less  broadly 
oval,  abdomen  less  convex. 

Length  (types)  8,5-9.5  mm.;  width  4-4.5  mm. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1682,  and  allotype,  male,  No.  1683,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  Hanna  and  Slevin,  August  13, 
1922,  on  Middle  San  Benito  Island.  Paratypes,  same  data  and 
from  East  and  West  San  Benito  Islands,  August  12,  13,  1922. 
106  specimens  studied. 

In  5".  piincticollis  the  elytral  series  of  coarse  punctures  are 
entire  and  attain  the  apex.  In  zvillmmsi  the  series  become  ob- 
solete on  the  apical  declivity  as  in  Triorophus.  In  hannai  the 
form  is  narrower  in  both  sexes  and  not  in  the  least  inflated, 
punctuation  of  head  and  pronotum  coarser  and  more  evidently 
coalescent;  punctuation  of  abdomen  stronger.  6*.  sparsa  is 
more  polished,  the  pronotal  punctures  discrete  and  well  separ- 
ated and  basal  angles  of  pronotum  very  small  and  acute.  6*. 
opaca  is  very  different  in  its  dull  surface  and  convex  elytral 
intervals. 


29.     Stibia  hannai  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  elongate  suboval,  elytra  not  inflated  and  strongly  convex.  Color 
nigro-piceous ;  legs  and  antennae  ruf o-piceous ;  luster  shining,  head  and 
pronotum  slightly  duller,  surface  glabrous. 

Head  coarsely  and  confluently  punctate;  deflexed  epistomal  lobe  ob- 
tusely triangular,  line  forming  upper  limit  of  deflexed  portion  continu- 
ous with  sides  of  front,  not  strong,  but  more  so  than  in  williamsi;  sur- 
face impressed  behind  the  raised  frontal  line.  Antennae  slender,  extend- 
ing to  beyond  the  pronotal  base. 

Pronotum  transverse,  widest  before  the  middle;  apex  truncate;  apical 
angles  acutely  rectangular;  sides  broadly  arcuate,  straighter  behind  and 
converging  to  the  base,  margin  acute;  base  slightly  arcuate  at  middle 
and  feebly  sinuate  laterally;  basal  angles  obtuse  and  distinct;  disk  quite 
coarsely,  densely,  and  more  or  less  confluently  punctate,  slightly  and  nar- 
rowly impressed  along  lateral  edge,  where  the  surface  is  shining  and 
glabrous  with  the  punctures  finer  and  discrete. 

Elytra  oval,  about  twice  as  long  as  wide,  sides  subparallel ;  base  equal 
to  pronotal  base,  humeri  obtuse  and  distinct;  sides  broadly  arcuate  to 
apex,  the  latter  rather  narrowly  rounded;   disk  with  unimpressed  striae 


330  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Sek. 

of  rather  large  and  closely  placed  punctures  which  become  more  or  less 
obsolete  before  attaining  the  apex;  intervals  obsoletely  punctulate. 

Abdomen  rather  coarsely  and  not  closely  punctate  on  first  three  seg- 
ments, punctures  finer  on  fourth  and  fifth  segments.  Sterna  and  side 
pieces  coarsely  and  strongly  punctate.  Legs  moderately  and  somewhat 
finely,  densely  punctured. 

Male :  Usually  smaller  and  rather  less  elongate.  Female :  Larger  and 
rather  more  elongate.    Elytra  similar  in  the  two  sexes. 

Length  (types)  7-8  mm.;  width  2.5-3  mm. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1684,  and  allotype,  male,  No.  1685,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  Hanna  and  Slevin,  August  1, 
1922,  on  Angulo  Rock,  Asuncion  Island.  Paratypes,  same  data 
and  Natividad  Island,  August  3,  1922,  in  collection  of  the 
Academy  and  in  that  of  the  author.    46  specimens  studied. 

S.  hannai  differs  distinctly  from  williamsi  in  its  narrower 
and  more  elongate  form,  and  coarser  punctuation  of  head  and 
pronotum;  elytral  striae  less  abbreviated  on  apical  declivity 
than  in  williamsi.  Other  differential  considerations  are  given 
under  the  latter  species. 


30.     Centrioptera  spiculifera  Lee. 

This  species  occurs  on  Santa  Margarita  Island,  where  a 
single  specimen  was  obtained  by  Hanna  and  Slevin  July  29. 


31.     Centrioptera  pectoralis  Blais. 

One  specimen  taken  at  Grand  Caiion,  Cedros  Island,  August 
7,  by  Hanna  and  Slevin. 


32.     Argoporis  ebenina  Horn 

San   Benito   Island.      Four   specimens   were   collected   on 
August  13,  by  Hanna  and  Slevin. 


33.     Argoporis  impressa  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  elongate  oblong-oval,  subparallel  and  moderately  convex.  Color 
black;  legs  and  antennae  concolorous,  dark  rufous  or  lighter,  antennae 
frequently  somewhat  darker ;  luster  dull  and  feebly  shining. 


Vol.  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE  COLEOPTERA  33 1 

Head  very  finely  and  rather  densely  punctate,  sides  not  broadly  re- 
flexed  ;  surface  depressed  along  frontal  suture,  front  feebly  convex ;  epi- 
stoma  feebly  and  evenly  convex,  apex  slightly  arcuate,  with  a  very  small 
emargination  at  middle,  on  each  side  of  which  is  a  feeble  tumescence. 
Antennae  short,  moderately  robust  and  slightly  incrassate,  joints  seven  to 
10  transverse. 

Pronotum  subquadrate,  a  little  wider  than  long;  apex  feebly  arcuate, 
apical  angles  obtusely  rounded ;  sides  broadly  arcuate,  very  gradually 
convergent  to  base,  the  latter  transverse  and  rather  broadly  beaded  lat- 
erally ;  disk  very  minutely  and  subobsoletely  punctulate,  moderately  con-- 
vex  and  more  or  less  arcuately  declivous  antero-laterally. 

Elytra  oblong-oval,  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than  pronotum;  base 
equal  to  pronotal  base,  humeri  minutely  prominent ;  sides  broadly  arcuate 
and  parallel,  arcuately  convergent  posteriorly  to  the  rather  broadly  round- 
ed apex;  disk  with  feebly  impressed  s1ri?e  of  rather  coarse  punctures,  the 
latter  somewhat  strongly  impressed;  intervals  flat  or  slightly  convex,  ex- 
tremely minutely  punctulate. 

Legs  rather  slender,  finely  punctulate.  Abdomen  finely  punctulate  and 
more  or  less  rugulose. 

Male :  Usually  a  little  larger  than  female.  Middle  of  first  abdominal 
segment  with  a  small  tubercle,  the  latter  slightly  raised  and  rounded, 
surrounding  surface  not  noticeably  more  punctate.  Posterior  femora  with 
a  moderately  slender  acute  tooth,  about  three  times  as  long  as  wide  at 
middle,  edges  very  finely  denticulate,  especially  posteriorly.  Female 
usually  smaller  than  male.  Edges  of  tibial  groove  of  posterior  femora, 
finely  denticulate  in  distal  half. 

Length  (types)  13-12  mm. ;  width  4.2-3.9  mm. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1686,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1687,  Mus. 
CaHf.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  Hanna  and  Slevin,  August  3, 
1922,  on  Natividad  Island.  Paratypes,  same  data  and  from 
Angulo  Rock,  Asuncion  Island,  August  1,  and  San  Roque 
Island,  August  2,  1922.    About  38  specimens  studied. 

The  males  of  the  several  species  present  differential  charac- 
ters as  follows :  A.  inconstans  has  a  truncate  epistomal  apex 
and  rufous  legs,  the  femoral  teeth  are  long;  in  cequalis  the 
femoral  teeth  are  truncate  at  tip  and  the  epistomal  apex  arcu- 
ate; cbcnina  has  black  legs  (sometimes  rufous),  the  epistomal 
apex  truncate  and  the  elytra  more  smoothly  sculptured,  nitida 
has  three  equidistant  teeth  on  hind  femur,  while  in  costipennis 
the  elytra  are  sulcate  and  the  femoral  teeth  are  large,  acute, 
with  finely  denticulate  edges;  alutacea  has  the  teeth  bifid  and 
the  edges  finely  denticulate,  while  bicolor  has  two  small,  acute 
and  exactly  equal  teeth  which  are  widely  separated. 


332  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser, 

34.     Cerenopus  concolor  Lee. 

A  single  specimen  was   found  at  Bernstein's   Spring,  on 
Cedros  Island,  August  4,  by  Dr.  Hanna. 

35,     Eleodes  pygmaea  Blais. 

San  Quintin,  Lower  California,  one  example,  July  19,  Dr. 
Hanna,  collector. 

36.  Eleodes  insularis  Linell 

Two  females  of  this  species  were  found  at  Grand  Cafion, 
Cedros  Island,  August  7,  by  Hanna  and  Slevin. 

37.  Eleodes  militaris  Horn 

Four  specimens,  Grand  Canon,  Cedros  Island,  August  7, 
by  Hanna  and  Slevin. 

38.     Eleodes  adumbrata  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  elongate,  subfusiform  oval  to  ovate,  moderately  convex,  scarcely 
inflated.     Color  deep  black,  luster  dull,  feebly  shining. 

Head  moderate,  slightly  transverse  before  the  post-ocular  line ;  front 
slightly  convex,  finely  and  irregularly  punctate,  punctures  may  be  sparse 
along  median  line;  sides  straight  and  convergent  in  front  of  eyes,  epi- 
stomal  apex  transverse,  scarcely  sinuate,  angles  obtuse,  frontal  suture 
evident  or  obsolete.  Eyes  moderate  in  size,  slightly  more  prominent 
than  side  of  front  at  anterior  canthi.  Antenns  slender,  last  three  joints 
about  as  wide  as  long,  scarcely  wider  than  the  preceding  joints  which 
are  longer  than  wide;  fourth  joint  equal  in  length  to  fifth  and  sixth 
taken  together. 

Pronotum  about  a  third  wider  than  long,  widest  at  middle;  apex  arcua- 
to-truncate  between  the  acute  and  moderately  anteriorly  prominent  apical 
angles ;  sides  quite  evenly  and  broadly  arcuate  from  apex  to  base,  with 
a  very  feeble  tendency  to  become  sinuate  near  the  angles,  marginal  bead 
fine ;  base  broadly  arcuate  and  about  equal  to  apex ;  basal  angles  obtuse 
and  not  in  the  least  prominent ;  disk  rather  strongly  and  evenly  convex 
from  side  to  side ;  rather  strongly  declivous  at  the  apical  angles  where 
the  surface  of  the  angles  is  slightly  impressed;  extremely  finely  to  sub- 
obsoletely  punctate. 


Vol.  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE   COLEOPTERA  333 

Elytra  oval,  obtusely  pointed  behind,  about  a  third  longer  than  wide; 
base  broadly  and  feebly  emarginate,  adapted  to  and  equal  to  the  pronotal 
base ;  humeri  obtuse,  angle  distinct  but  not  in  the  least  prominent ;  sides 
broadly  arcuate  becoming  somewhat  straighter  and  oblique  in  apical  third 
to  apex ;  disk  moderately  convex  on  dorsum,  more  strongly  and  rather 
broadly  rounded  laterally,  finely  punctate ;  punctures  equal ;  strial  series 
more  or  less  distinct ;  interstitial  punctures  sparse  and  irregular ;  intervals 
more  or  less  convex  giving  a  feebly  costate  appearance ;  arcuately  and 
rather  gradually  declivous  posteriorly. 

Abdomen  finely  and  sparsely  punctate,  more  or  less  rugulose;  punctures 
denser  on  fifth  segment,  each  with  a  brownish  seta,  the  latter  dense  on 
and  about  the  apical  margin.  Legs  moderately  long,  relatively  slender, 
closely  and  finely  punctate,  each  puncture  with  a  small  brownish  seta; 
posterior  tibiae  slightly  arcuate ;  anterior  femora  armed  in  both  sexes ; 
inner  edge  of  the  tibial  groove  slightly  explanate  with  tooth  at  about 
apical  fourth,  thence  sinuate  to  apex. 

Male :  Narrower  and  subfusiform-oval.  Abdomen  on  same  plane  as 
sterna,  moderately  convex,  flattened  at  middle  of  first  three  segments, 
more  or  less  impressed  in  median  line;  anterior  tarsal  grooves  open. 
Female  broader  and  more  ovate;  abdomen  more  strongly  and  evenly 
convex. 

Length  (types)  24-22.0  mm.;  width  8.5-9  mm. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1688,  and  allotype,  male,  No.  1689,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  Hanna  and  Slevin,  August  13, 
1922,  on  Middle  San  Benito  Island.  Paratypes,  same  data  and 
from  East  and  West  San  Benito  Islands,  and  on  Asuncion 
Island,  August  1,  1922,  in  collection  of  the  California  Academy 
of  Sciences  and  in  that  of  the  author;  17  specimens  studied. 

E.  adumbrata  belongs  to  the  eschscholtzii  group  of  the  sub- 
genus Eleodes  and  should  follow  inUata  in  our  lists.  It  differs 
from  all  others  of  the  group  by  the  fine,  equal  elytral  punctu- 
ation ;  in  the  typical  form,  the  elytra  are  subcostate. 


39.     Eleodes  discincta  Blaisdell,  new  species 

This  species  is  closely  related  to  adumbrata,  but  differs 
mainly  in  the  flat  elytral  intervals;  strial  punctures  usually 
slightly  larger  than  the  interstitial,  and  never  as  coarse  as  in 
luccB  or  inflata.  Otherwise  it  is  similar  to  adumbrata.  It  also 
belongs  to  the  eschscholtzii  group  and  should  follow  adum- 
brata in  our  lists.     It  also  presents  greater  variation  in  size 


034  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

and  the  males  are  markedly  elongate,  somewhat  resembling  the 
same  sex  in  longicollis  and  gigantea. 

Length  (types)  25  mm. ;  width  9-10  mm.  The  largest  and 
most  elongate  male  from  Asuncion  Island,  measures  32.5  mm. 
in  length  and  9  mm.  in  width ;  largest  and  most  robust  female 
from  Santa  Margarita  Island,  measures  33  mm.  in  length  and 
12  mm.  in  width. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1690,  and  allotype,  male.  No.  1691,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  Dr.  G.  D.  Hanna,  August  3, 
1922,  on  Natividad  Island.  Paratypes,  same  data,  and  on 
Angulo  Rock,  Asuncion  Island,  Cedros  Island  and  on  Santa 
Margarita  Island,  July  29,  1922. 

E.  discincta  occurs  also  on  the  mainland  at  San  Quintin  if 
two  females  in  the  author's  collection  are  correctly  labelled.  I 
believe  these  specimens  were  taken  on  a  former  expedition  sent 
out  by  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  to  the  Galapagos 
Islands  in  1905-6,  and  were  collected  by  Mr.  F.  X.  Williams. 

40.     Eleodes  inepta  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  elongate,  subfusiform  oval,  about  three  times  as  long  as  wide, 
moderately  convex.     Color  deep  black,  very  dull  in  luster  and  alutaceoits. 

Head  rather  small,  short  before  the  post-ocular  line;  front  convex, 
finely,  sparsely  and  irregularly  punctate,  each  puncture  with  a  small  fer- 
ruginous hair;  sides  of  the  front  feebly  arcuate  and  convergent  anteriorly, 
apex  of  the  epistoma  truncate  and  the  angles  obtuse  and  somewhat 
rounded.  Eyes  small.  Antennae  slender,  joints  less  elongate  than  in 
armata  and  less  stout  than  in  militaris,  not  in  the  least  incrassate. 

Pronotum  quadrate,  widest  at  middle;  apex  arcuate  between  the  angles, 
which  are  acute  and  equilaterally  triangular ;  sides  evenly  and  broadly 
arcuate  from  apex  to  base,  the  latter  broadly  and,  feebly  arcuate ;  basal 
angles  obtuse  and  distinct ;  disk  evenly  and  quite  strongly  convex,  laterally 
noticeably  declivous,  very  minutely  and  not  closely  punctulate. 

Elytra  elongate,  base  feebly  emarginate,  equal  to  and  adapted  to  the 
pronotal  base ;  humeri  obtuse,  distinct  and  not  in  the  least  prominent ; 
sides  broadly  and  evenly  arcuate,  obliquely  convergent  to  apex  in  rather 
more  than  apical  third,  apex  quite  narrowly  rounded ;  disk  rather  more 
than  moderately  convex  on  the  dorsum,  a  little  more  strongly  and  broadly 
rounded  laterally,  punctures  fine,  equal  in  size,  rather  widely  spaced  in 
unimpressed  and  feeble  striae,  the  interstitial  punctures  forming  a  single 
more  widely  spaced  series. 

Abdomen  moderately  convex,  slightly  flattened  along  the  middle  third 
but  not  impressed  on  the  first  three  segments  in  the  type;  apical  margin 


Vol.  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE  COLEOPTERA  335 

of  the  fifth  ventral  segment  thickly  set  with  short  ferruginous  setae. 
Legs  relatively  long,  moderately  slender;  all  femora  armed;  hind 
tibiae  arcuate  in  basal  two-thirds,  thence  straight  and  thickened  to  apex. 
Tarsi  rather  long;  plantar  grooves  of  the  front  tarsi  widely  open. 

Length  23  mm. ;  width  7.6  mm. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1692,  Mus.  Cahf.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
Hanna  and  Slevin,  August  1,  1922,  on  Angulo  Rock,  Asuncion 
Island. 

E.  inepta  is  described  from  a  unique.  It  is  sufficiently  dis- 
tinct from  all  other  members  of  the  armata  group.  From  the 
standpoint  of  analogy,  it  is  expected  that  inepta  will  vary  as 
regards  the  size  and  sculpturing  of  individuals.  It  is  to  follow 
armata  in  our  lists. 


41.     Eleodes  morbosa  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  suboblong-ovate  to  ovate,  about  twice  as  long  as  wide,  resembling 
certain  forms  of  omissa  of  the  subgenus  Melaneleodes.  Q)lor  black,  some- 
what piceous,  especially  the  appendages ;  luster  moderately  shining,  head 
and  pronotum  somewhat  alutaceous. 

Head  relatively  moderate  in  size ;  front  slightly  convex,  sparsely  and 
finely  punctate,  frontal  suture  more  or  less  evident,  surface  slightly  im- 
pressed within  the  supra-antennal  convexities  where  the  punctures  are 
somewhat  denser.  Eyes  and  posterior  canthi  a  little  more  prominent  than 
the  sides  of  the  front,  which  are  convergent  anteriorly,  epistomal  apex 
truncate,  or  very  feebly  sinuate.  Antennae  comparatively  slender  and 
moderate  in  length,  terminal  three  joints  slightly  incrassate  and  slightly 
transverse;  joints  four  to  eight  inclusive  a  little  longer  than  wide,  the 
eighth  being  subtriangular. 

Pronotum  about  a  fifth  or  a  fourth  wider  than  long,  widest  slightly 
in  front  of  the  middle ;  apex  slightly  and  broadly  emarginate  between 
the  anterior  angles,  which  are  subacutely  rectangular  and  slightly  promi- 
nent anteriorly ;  sides  broadly  and  rather  strongly  arcuate  from  apex  to 
base,  but  less  so  behind  the  middle,  marginal  bead  fine;  base  broadly  and 
feebly  arcuate;  basal  angles  obtuse,  not  rounded  and  deflexed;  disk 
moderately  strongly  convex,  feebly  and  narrowly  impressed  along  the 
sides  within  the  bead,  evenly  declivous  antero-laterally,  punctures  very 
fine  and  rather  widely  separated,  evenly  distributed. 

Elytra  oval,  base  truncate  and  equal  to  the  pronotal  base,  humeri  obtuse 
but  distinct;  sides  evenly  and  broadly  arcuate,  somewhat  oblique  to  apex 
in  apical  third,  apex  quite  narrowly  rounded;  disk  rather  strongly  convex, 


336  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

slightly  less  so  on  the  dorsum,  rather  arcuately  declivous  posteriorly; 
punctures  moderately  small,  closely  placed  in  unimpressed  striae,  and  more 
widely  spaced  interstitial  series ;  punctures  becoming  more  or  less  con- 
fused laterally  and  on  the  apex  where  they  are  finely  but  distinctly 
muricate. 

Abdomen  rather  finely  and  not  densely  punctate.  Legs  moderate  and 
relatively  short,  rather  densely  sculptured  and  sparsely  clothed  with  fer- 
ruginous setae.  All  of  the  femora  armed ;  tooth  of  the  anterior  femora 
small  and  acute,  of  the  middle  and  posterior  femora  small  and  obtuse; 
all  of  the  tibiae  slightly  arcuate,  especially  in  basal  third. 

Males :  Narrower.  Abdomen  less  convex  and  impressed  along  the 
middle  of  the  first  three  segments.  Plantar  grooves  open  on  all  the  tarsi. 
Elytra  somewhat  more  obliquely  declivous  posteriorly.  Female :  broader, 
abdomen  more  convex. 

Length  (types)  17-18.5  mm.;  width  6.5-8  mm. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1693,  and  allotype,  male.  No.  1694,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  Hanna  and  Slevin,  August  1, 
1922,  on  Angulo  Rock,  Asuncion  Island.  Paratypes,  same  data 
and  on  San  Roque  Island,  August  2,  1922.  157  specimens 
studied. 

E.  morbosa  is  a  very  unique  type  in  the  fauna  of  the 
western  coast,  as  it  has  more  of  the  facies  of  a  Melaneleodes 
than  a  member  of  the  armata  group  of  the  subgenus  Eleodes. 
All  of  the  femora  are  armed.  It  agrees  with  certain  species 
of  the  Mexican  fauna  in  these  respects,  but  its  true  relation  to 
the  armata  group  cannot  be  determined  until  some  of  the  Mexi- 
can species  have  been  carefully  studied,  especially  as  regards 
the  genitalia ;  it  may  have  to  be  placed  in  a  different  section  of 
the  armata  group. 


42.     Megasattus  erosus  Horn 

One   imperfect  specimen  was  taken  on  Cedros   Island  at 
Bernstein's  Spring,  August  4,  by  Hanna  and  Slevin. 


43.     Ccelotaxis  punctulata  Horn 

A  series  of  24  specimens  of  this  species  was  picked  up  at 
N.  E.  Landing,  Guadalupe  Island,  July  11-15,  by  Hanna  and 
Slevin. 


Vol.  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE   COLEOPTERA  337 

44.     Conibius  guadalupensis  Casey 

N.  E.  Landing,  Guadalupe  Island,  July  11-14;  Pine  Ridge, 
July  15,  Hanna  and  Slevin.     13  specimens. 


45.     Tonibius  sulcatus  Lee. 

San  Quintin,  Lower  California,  July   19,  Dr.   Hanna.    2 
examples. 

46.     Tonibiastes  costipennis  Horn 

A  single  specimen  was  secured  on  Santa  Margarita  Island, 
July  29. 

47.     Ccelocnemis  slevini  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  elongate,  rather  strongly  convex.  Color  deep  black,  shining; 
surface  glabrous. 

Head  moderately  large,  widest  between  the  antennae,  thence  convergent 
and  straight  anteriorly  to  the  epistomal  apex,  the  latter  truncate,  angles 
obtuse  and  slightly  rounded ;  front  impunctate,  with  few  vague  impres- 
sions, frontal  and  oblique  sutures  more  or  less  evident.  Eyes  not  in  the 
least  prominent,  just  noticeably  convex.  Antennae  short,  attaining  about 
the  basal  third  of  the  pronotum,  slightly  and  gradually  clavate,  distal 
five  joints  compressed,  eleventh  widest. 

Pronotum  about  a  fourth  or  less  wider  than  long,  widest  near  the 
middle ;  apex  truncate  in  rather  moderate  circular  arc ;  apical  angles  quite 
broadly  rounded  into  the  sides,  which  are  rather  strongly  and  evenly 
arcuate  before  the  middle,  thence  convergent  and  more  or  less  broadly 
and  rather  feebly  sinuate  to  the  base,  marginal  bead  very  fine ;  base  trun- 
cate and  more  or  less  obsoletely  margined ;  basal  angles  obtuse  to  rec- 
tangular and  perfectly  distinct;  disk  moderately  strongly  convex,  im- 
punctate and  sculptureless ;  rather  more  strongly  declivous  antero-laterally, 
more  so  postero-laterally  in  about  basal  fourth,  where  it  appears  slightly 
compressed. 

Elytra  oblong-oval,  usually  widest  behind  the  middle,  strongly  convex, 
moderately  less  so  and  slightly  depressed  on  the  dorsum ;  base  truncate, 
not  wider  than  the  pronotal  base ;  scutellum  small  and  triangular ;  humeri 
very  obtuse  and  rounded ;  sides  broadly  and  quite  evenly  arcuate,  rather 
less  so  anteriorly,  apex  oval ;  disk  rather  obliquely  and  arcuately  declivous 
posteriorly,  with  eight  rows  of  unimpressed  and  fine  punctures,  which  are 
rather  unevenly  spaced  in  the  series ;  a  ninth  or  marginal  row  is  present 
against  the  margin  throughout  the  length ;  series  rather  less  evident  on 
the  apical  declivity ;  intervals  impunctate  in  the  specimens  at  hand. 


338  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIE^CES  [Proc.  4th  See. 

Body  beneath  obsoletely  sculptured ;  abdomen  somewhat  rugiilose.  Legs 
moderately  long ;  middle  and  posterior  femora  rather  slender ;  obsoletely 
sculptured. 

Male:  Narrower;  sides  of  the  pronotum  more  broadly  and  evenly 
arcuate,  not  subangulate  at  middle;  abdomen  less  convex  and  more 
strongly  oblique  to  the  sterna.  Female :  broader  and  more  evidently  widest 
behind  the  elytral  middle ;  pronotal  sides  subangulate,  rather  more  sud- 
denly and  broadly  sinuate  posteriorly ;  abdomen  subhorizontal. 

Length  (types)  22.5-27  mm.;  width  8.5-11  mm. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1695,  and  allotype,  male.  No.  1696,  Mus. 
CaHf.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  Hanna  and  Slevin,  August  7, 
1922,  in  Grand  Canon,  Cedros  Island.  Paratypes,  same  data, 
in  the  collectioil  of  the  Academy  and  in  that  of  the  author. 
Described  from  five  specimens. 

After  much  study  and  deliberation,  by  comparing  the  above 
small  series  with  nearly  a  thousand  specimens  from  all  parts 
of  the  Pacific  Coast,  Nevada  and  Arizona,  I  came  to  the  con- 
clusion that  slevini  is  a  distinct  species.  It  resembles  magna 
more  than  any  other ;  in  the  female,  however,  the  pronotal 
sides  are  subangulate  with  the  disk  slightly  depressed  at  that 
point.    It  is  not  closely  related  to  dilaticollis  or  obesa. 


48.     Cratidus  rotundicollis  Horn 

Five  specimens  of  this  rare  species  were  taken  on  Cedros 
Island,  August  7,  and  on  Asuncion  Island  at  Angulo  Rock, 
August  1,  by  Hanna  and  Slevin. 


49.     Amphidora  tenebrosa  Horn 

A  single  specimen  was  taken  at  San  Quintin,  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, July  19,  by  Dr.  Hanna. 


50.     Helops  guadalupensis  Casey 

This  fine  species  was  secured  on  Guadalupe  Island,  July  15 
and  17  at  the  South  Anchorage,  by  Mr.  Slevin. 


Vol.  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE  COLEOPTERA  339 

51.     Helops  benitensis  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  elongate  oval,  subparallel,  about  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than 
wide.    Color  black;  legs  and  antennae  dark  rufo-piceous ;  luster  shining. 

Head  densely  and  deeply  punctate,  punctures  moderately  coarse  and 
more  or  less  confluent;  sides  convergent  anteriorly,  emarginate  at  the  ob- 
lique suture ;  epistoma  truncate  at  apex,  surface  impressed  on  the  frontal 
suture  and  along  the  sides  to  the  apical  margin  of  the  epistoma.  Eyes 
not  more  prominent  than  the  sides  of  the  front.  Antennae  slender,  third 
joint  about  equal  to  combined  length  of  fourth  and  fifth;  joints  4  to  8 
longer  than  wide,  subequal  in  length;  terminal  four  joints  compressed 
and  gradually  incrassate. 

Pronotum  about  as  wide  as  long,  widest  at  middle;  apex  slightly  arcu- 
ate in  moderate  circular  arc;  sides  broadly  arcuate,  rather  more  strongly 
so  in  middle  third,  marginal  bead  fine;  angles  obtuse;  base  subtruncate; 
disk  not  impressed,  densely  and  evenly  punctate,  punctures  moderately 
coarse  and  coalescing  slightly. 

Elytra  oval,  base  slightly  bi-marginate ;  scutellum  very  short  and  trans- 
verse, entering  very  slightly  between  the  elytra;  humeri  obtuse  and  dis- 
tinct ;  sides  evenly  and  broadly  arcuate,  apex  rather  broadly  rounded ; 
disk  striato-costate,  intervals  convex,  especially  on  the  apical  declivity, 
strial  punctures  rather  coarse,  closely  placed  and  rather  deep,  striae  not 
impressed ;  intervals  very  finely  punctulate ;  no  interstitial  tubercles  on 
sides  or  apex. 

Propleura  rather  coarsely  punctate,  with  more  or  less  coalescence. 
Abdomen  moderately  convex,  finely  and  rather  sparsely  punctate,  each 
puncture  with  a  fine  recumbent  hair.  Legs  slender  and  relatively  short ; 
anterior  tarsi  noticeably  dilated  and  clothed  beneath  with  pale  hair  densely 
placed ;  middle  and  posterior  tarsi  with  similar  hair  but  arranged  along 
the  margins  and  at  apex  of  the  joints. 


Length  10  mm. ;  width  4  mm. 

Type:  No.  1697,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  Hanna 
and  Slevin,  August  13,  1922,  on  Middle  Benito  Island. 

Very  distinct  from  any  species  of  Helops  known  to  me.  At 
first  there  was  some  doubt  as  to  whether  or  not  it  was  a  Helops. 
It  answers  to  the  generic  test.  The  front  is  not  as  widely 
dilated  as  in  other  species  and  not  or  scarcely  more  prominent 
than  the  improminent  eyes,  covering  base  of  mandibles  as 
usual ;  clypeus  short,  coriaceous.  The  striato-subcostate  elytra 
is  rather  unique. 


340  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

52.     Catorama  pusillum  Lee. 

Two  specimens  of  this  small  species  were  taken  on  Santa 
Margarita  Island,  July  29,  by  Dr.  Hanna. 

53.     Megasominus  thersites  Lee. 

One  imperfect  specimen  and  the  elytra  of  another  were 
picked  up  on  Cedros  Island,  on  August  4,  by  Hanna  and 
Slevin. 

54.     Ipochus  insularis  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  elongate  oblong-oval  to  slightly  oblong-ovate,  strongly  convex. 
G)lor  black  to  nigro-piceous  and  more  or  less  shining.  Pubescence  abun- 
dant. Surface  clothed  throughout  with  erect,  soft,  pale,  moderately  long 
hairs  that  are  very  sparsely  scattered ;  and  coarser,  recumbent,  somewhat 
fulvous  hairs ;  these  latter  densely  but  unevenly  distributed,  forming  a 
pattern,  particularly  on  the  front  and  vertex  of  the  head  and  peripheral 
parts  of  the  pronotal  disk,  and  a  rather  broad  parasutural  stripe  on  the 
apical  declivity  of  each  elytron,  besides  irregular  and  anastomosing  patches 
on  the  disk,  leaving  a  central  oblong  glabrous  area  across  the  suture  in 
basal  half.  Antennae  densely  clothed  with  a  very  fine  appressed  pile.  Ab- 
domen with  moderately  long  hairs ;  distal  half  of  femora  clothed  with 
pale  fulvo-cinereous  hairs  with  intermixed  small  black  spots,  tibiae  more 
or  less  densely  invested  with  similar  hairs  and  with  tuft  of  fulvous 
hair  on  outer  surface  in  apical  third. 

Head  moderately  convex,  with  few  scattered  punctures  and  a  fine 
median  impressed  line ;  f  ronto-epistomal  line  transverse  and  rather  promi- 
nent.   Antennae  about  as  long  as  body. 

Prothorax  subglabrous,  cylindrically  convex  and  nearly  as  long  as  wide, 
base  and  apex  truncate,  sides  moderately  arcuate ;  surface  with  very  small, 
closely  placed  punctures,  and  larger  and  sparsely  placed  asperities,  espe- 
cially on  the  sides  and  across  the  apex. 

Elytra  about  twice  as  long  as  wide,  or  slightly  less,  and  oblong-sub- 
cylindrical  in  form,  more  or  less  abruptly  declivous  posteriorly ;  disk  with 
sparsely  placed  asperities.  Body  finely  sculptured  beneath.  Legs  moderate ; 
femora  moderately  and  gradually  clavate,  the  anterior  less  so. 

Male :  Elongate  oblong-oval  and  subcylindrical,  elytra  scarcely  wider 
than  the  prothorax.  Female :  Elongate  oblong-ovate,  usually  slightly 
flattened  on  the  elytral  disk;  elytra  somewhat  widest  behind  middle  and 
slightly  wider  than  prothorax. 

Length  (types)  10.5  mm.;  width  3.5-4.5  mm. 


Vol.  XIV J  BLAISDELL—THE  COLEOPTERA  34 1 

Type:  Male,  No.  1698,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1699,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  Hanna  and  Slevin,  August  13, 
1922,  on  Middle  San  Benito  Island.  Paratypes,  same  data,  in 
collection  of  the  Academy  and  in  that  of  the  author.  Eight 
specimens. 

/.  insularis  is  quite  distinct  from  fasciatus  and  its  races.  The 
most  salient  characters  are  its  large  size  and  distinct  elytral 
asperities.  The  distribution  of  the  elytral  pubescence  is  dis- 
tinctly different  in  pattern  from  that  seen  in  fasciatus,  where 
it  forms  transverse  fasciae. 

55.     Estola  sordida  Lee. 

Bernstein's  Spring,  Cedros  Island,  August  4,  collected  by 
Slevin  and  Hanna. 

56.     Ortholeptura  insignis  Fall 

One  example  of  this  fine  species  was  found  on  Guadalupe 
Island,  July  15,  by  Hanna  and  Slevin. 

Plenaschopsis  Blaisdell,  new  genus 

This  new  genus  differs  from  Trigonoscuta  chiefly  in  having 
the  corbels  of  the  metatibise  obscurely  defined  externally  by 
spines,  surface  of  corbel  convex  in  its  anterior  half  and  covered 
with  short,  thick  and  obtuse  spines  or  scales ;  sinuate  posterior- 
ly, with  the  outer  angle  prolonged  and  obtuse ;  corbels  closed 
off  from  the  articular  cavity  by  a  row  of  spines  which  are  not 
closely  placed ;  articular  cavity  not  scaly  as  in  Trigonoscuta. 
Genotype,  Plenaschopsis  pilosisquajna  Blaisdell,  new  species. 

The  following  characters  are  common  to  both  genera :  Ocu- 
lar lobes  absent,  antennal  scrobes  lateral  and  directed  inferior- 
ly;  third  joint  of  all  the  tarsi  wider  than  second  and  deeply 
lobed ;  anterior  tibiae  dilated  at  tip ;  antennal  scape  long,  passing 
the  eyes. 

General  fomi  and  appearance  that  of  Trigonoscuta.  The 
tribe  Trigonoscutini,  as  defined  by  Pierce,  must  be  revised  so 
as  to  include  the  present  genus.  A  tabular  statement  of  the 
differences  between  the  two  genera  may  be  given  as  follows: 


342 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Metatibial  corbels  closed. 

Corbels  concave;  external  angle  not  produced;  articular  cavities 
strongly  cavernous  and  scaly Trigonoscuta  Motsch. 

Corbels  convex  anteriorly,  feebly  defined  laterally,  sinuate,  with  the 
external  angle  produced;  articular  cavities  not  deeply  cavernous 
and  not  scaly Plenaschopsis,  n.g. 


57.     Plenaschopsis  pilosisquama  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  oval,  less  elongate  than  Trigonoscuta  pilosa  Motsch.,  robust, 
slightly  more  narrowed  anteriorly  than  posteriorly.  Color  black,  legs 
nigro-piceous,  tarsi  slightly  lighter;  surface  densely  covered  with  cinere- 
ous and  plumbeo-'cinereous  scales,  scarcely  variegated  in  the  type  and 
clothed  with  sparsely  placed,  nearly  erect  greyish  hairs;  scales  of  two 
kinds,  one  round  or  oval  as  in  T.  pilosa,  the  other  oval  and  villous  or 
covered  with  minute  filaments  so  as  to  appear  shaggy. 

Head  and  rostrum  as  long  as  the  pronotum.  Rostrum  suboblong,  dis- 
tinctly narrower  than  the  head  and  separated  from  it  by  a  fine  transverse 
subangulate  line;  upper  surface  finely  canaliculate,  tip  truncate;  scrobes 
deep  and  arcuate,  with  the  superior  margin  distinct  to  and  passing  near 
the  lower  margin  of  the  eyes,  the  latter  oval,  slightly  oblique.  Antenna 
moderately  long;  scape  almost  gradually  clavate,  passing  beyond  the  eyes 
posteriorly;  funicle  seven-jointed,  first  three  obconic,  first  and  second 
elongate,  first  nearly  three  times  as  long  as  wide,  second  slightly  more 
than  twice  as  long  as  wide;  third  a  little  longer  than  wide;  four  to  six 
as  long  as  wide  and  subglobular ;  seventh  larger  and  about  as  long  as  the 
sixth  and  twice  as  wide  as  long;  club  oval.  Front  finely  canaliculate  be- 
tween the  eyes. 

Pronotum  a  little  broader  than  long,  narrower  in  front;  sides  strongly 
arcuate,  subapical  impression  very  feeble;  apex  arcuate,  slightly  sinuate 
at  middle ;  disk  strongly  arcuate  from  side  to  side,  and  suddenly  and  very 
briefly  declivous  before  the  base  in  middle  two  fourths,  rather  coarsely 
and  closely  punctate. 

Elytra  broadly  oval,  rather  less  than  a  third  longer  than  wide ;  scutellum 
small  and  triangular;  humeri  broadly  rounded;  sides  broadly  and  rather 
moderately  strongly  arcuate;  disk  strongly  convex,  rather  abruptly  and 
arcuately  declivous  posteriorly,  with  rows  of  rather  fine  punctures,  which 
are  very  slightly  impressed. 

Body  beneath  not  densely  scaly;  third  and  fourth  abdominal  segments 
equal  in  length;  hairs  sparse  and  rather  long;  scales  of  the  under  surface 
nearly  all  shaggy  as  they  are  on  sides  of  pronotal  disk,  and  on  sides,  base 
and  apex  of  the  elytra,  with  a  few  similar  ones  above  the  eyes ;  elsewhere 
the  scales  are  round  or  slightly  oval.  Legs  not  closely  scaly,  hairs  quite 
long  and  flying. 


Length  6.6  mm. ;  width  4  mm. 


Vol,  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE  COLEOPTERA  343 

Type:  Female,  No.  1817,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  Dr.  Hanna,  August  3,  1922,  on  Natividad  Island. 

In  pilosisquama  the  peculiar  shaggy  scales,  less  widely  open 
antennal  scobes  just  before  the  eyes,  antennal  joints  four  to  six 
subglobular,  and  the  different  corbels  of  the  hind  tibiae  will 
amply  distinguish  this  species  from  Trigonoscuia  pilosa,  which 
it  resembles  in  most  all  other  characters.  Described  from  the 
unique  type. 


te 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  15,  pp.  345-367  September  5,  1925 


XV 

ANTHIDIINE  BEES  IN  THE  COLLECTION  OF  THE 
CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

BY 

T.  D.  A.  COCKERELL 

University  of  Colorado 

1.     Anthidium  angelarum  Titus 

Females:  Colton,  May  26-28  (Van  Duzee)  ;  hills  back  of 
Oakland,  May  8  (Van  Dyke)  ;  Santa  Monica  (F.  C.  Clark)  ; 
Stone  Caiion,  Monterey  Co.,  April  21  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Poway, 
San  Diego  Co.,  June  10  (Blaisdell)  ;  all  in  California. 

Males:  Cisco,  July  (Mrs.  H.  E.  Ricksecker)  ;  Meadow  Val- 
ley, 3500-4000  ft.,  June  5  (Van  Dyke)  ;  Poway,  San  Diego 
Co.,  May  31  (Blaisdell) ;  South  Sonoma  Co.,  July  1  (Kusche)  ; 
all  in  California. 

2.     Anthidium  nebrascense  Swenk 

Swenk  described  this  (1914)  from  Nebraska  and  Wyoming. 
The  following  year  he  recorded  it  from  Truckee,  Calif.  The 
Californian  specimens  before  me  show  variation,  but  they 
agree  so  closely  with  the  description  of  A.  nebrascense  that  I 
do  not  know  how  to  separate  them.  They  are  close  to  A.  titusi 
Ckll.,  but  the  end  of  the  abdomen  is  different. 

Males:  Panoche  Canon,  Fresno  Co.,  April  29  (Van  Dyke)  ; 
Colton,  May  26-28  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Poway,  San  Diego  Co., 
May  16   (Blaisdell);  hills  back  of  Oakland,   May   15    (Van 

September  5,   1925 


346  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Dyke)  ;  Santa  Monica  (F.  C.  Clark) ;  Stone  Canon,  Monterey 
Co.,  April  21  (Van  Duzee)  ;  all  in  California. 

The  only  female  which  seems  likely  to  belong  to  these  males 
is  the  one  which  I  have  identified  as  A.  emargitiatum  atripes 
Cresson,  but  the  type  (male)  of  atripes  is  certainly  not  nebras- 
cense.  I  must  leave  the  final  decision  about  the  supposed  atripes 
to  those  who  can  study  the  species  in  the  field.  The  black  scutel- 
lum  of  the  nebrascense  males  certainly  argues  against  their 
association  with  the  supposed  atripes;  but  Swenk  has  what  he 
regards  as  female  nebrascense  from  Wyoming,  and  it  had  two 
linear  marks  on  scutellum. 

3.     Anthidium  hcsperium  Swenk 

Females:  Mokelumne  Hill,  October  (Blaisdell)  ;  San  Diego 
(Blaisdell);  Millbrae,  San  Mateo  Co.,  .Sept.  1  (Blaisdell); 
Cr3^stal  Lakes,  San  Mateo  Co.,  June  25  (Van  Duzee)  ;  all  in 
California.  The  first  abdominal  segment  usually  has  an  inter- 
rupted band  instead  of  four  spots,  but  the  insect  agrees  other- 
wise with  Swenk's  description,  based  on  females  from  Palo 
Alto  and  Pacific  Grove.  The  male  is  unknown.  The  species 
seems  to  belong  to  late  summer  and  early  fall,  the  earliest  date 
being  June  25,  the  other  known  dates  in  July,  September  and 
October. 

4.     Anthidium  atriventre  Cresson 

Females:  Meadow  Valley,  Plumas  Co.,  Calif.,  6000-7000  ft., 
June  17  (Van  Dyke)  ;  Sparta,  Baker  Co.,  Oregon,  July  2  (Van 
Dyke).   Cresson  described  it  from  California  (Hy.  Edwards). 

5.     Anthidium  titusi  Cockerell 

Males:  Kings  River  Canon,  Fresno  Co.,  Calif.,  July  3  (Van 
Dyke)  ;  Huntington  Lake,  Fresno  Co.,  Calif.,  7000  ft.,  July  4 
(Van  Duzee).  These  specimens  have  the  scutellum  entirely 
black.  The  Kings  River  Canon  specimen  has  hair  of  head  and 
thorax  above  pale  fulvous.  The  reference  of  these  California 
insects  to  A.  titusi  must  be  considered  provisional,  or  at  least 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—ANTHIDIINE  BEES  347 

tlK.v  may  be  racially  distinct.   However,  the  form  and  structure 
agree  well. 

6.     Anthidium  blanditum  Cresson 

Female:  South  Fork  Kings  River,  Fresno  Co.,  Calif.,  July  8 
(Van  Dyke).  This  is  smaller  than  Cresson's  type,  and  has  two 
elongate  black  marks  on  clypeus,  no  spot  beneath  tubercles, 
abdominal  bands  on  segments  2  to  4  narrowly  interrupted, 
and  the  femora  rather  differently  marked.  I  assume  that  it 
represents  only  a  variation,  but  more  material  is  desirable.  It 
is  readily  known  from  angelicum  by  the  angulation  at  sides  of 
last  segment.  The  abdominal  bands  are  broad  and  deep  yellow. 

7.     Anthidium  fresnoense  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female :  Length  about  8.5  mm. ;  robust,  black,  head  and  thorax  with 
white  hair,  pure  white  on  thorax  above ;  eyes  bluish  green,  black  at  lower 
end ;  head  entirely  black,  including  mandibles,  except  a  round  yellow  spot 
above  each  eye ;  mesothorax  very  densely  punctured ;  large  mark  on 
tegulse  in  front,  very  small  one  behind,  end  of  the  obtuse  tubercles, 
and  elongate  marks  on  axillae  and  scutellum,  yellow ;  scutellum  depressed 
in  middle  posteriorly ;  legs  black,  the  tibiae  with  yellow  stripes,  not  reach- 
ing the  apex;  hair  on  inner  side  of  hind  basitarsi  black;  wings  dusky, 
second  cubital  cell  long;  abdomen  with  five  lemon-yellow  bands,  and  on 
first  segment  four  marks,  the  outer  ones  large  and  quadrate,  the  inner 
consisting  of  transverse  stripes ;  bands  on  segments  2  to  6  all  narrowly 
interrupted  and  emarginate  at  sides  anteriorly ;  ventral  scopa  dark  gray- 
brown,  white  anteriorly  and  at  sides. 

Differs  from  A.  palliventre  Cress,  by  the  scutellum,  axillae 
and  tibiae  being  conspicuously  marked  with  yellow.  The  lemon- 
yellow  abdominal  bands  at  once  separate  it  from  A.  teituiflorde 
Ckll. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1729,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  12,  1919,  at  Huntington  Lake,  Fresno 
Co.,  California,  at  7000  ft.  elevation. 

8.     Anthidium  xanthognathum  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female:  Length  7-8  mm.;  compact,  black  with  rather  pale,  dull  yellow 
markings;  hair  of  head  and  thorax  dull  white,  varying  to  fulvous  above; 


348  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Se«. 

eyes  pea-green,  black  at  lower  end ;  face  all  black  but  mandibles  yeftow, 
more  or  less  stained  with  red ;  a  pale  yellow  spot  above  each  eye,  meso- 
thorax  shining  between  punctures ;  tegulae  broadly  in  front,  end  of  the 
obtuse  tubercules  and  two  transverse  marks  on  scutellum,  pale  yellow ; 
the  axillje  may  also  be  marked  with  yellow ;  wings  somewhat  dusky ;  small 
joints  of  tarsi  ferruginous;  all  the  tibiae  with  a  yellow  mark  at  base,  or 
front  pair  with  a  stripe  nearly  to  apex ;  hair  on  inner  side  of  hind  basi- 
tarsi  pale  ferruginous ;  abdomen  with  four  marks  on  first  segment,  the 
lateral  ones  large  and  quadrate ;  segments  two  to  six  with  narrowly  inter- 
rupted bands,  on  2  and  3  broadly  emarginate  at  sides  in  front;  on  sixth 
segment  the  band  is  reduced  to  a  pair  of  large  transverse  subpyriform 
spots ;  ventral  scopa  entirely  white. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1730,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
Dr.  F.  E.  Blaisdell,  September  6,  1896,  at  Mokelumne  Hill, 
California.  Variant  form  from  Soboba  Springs,  California, 
June  5,  1917  (Van  Duzee).  The  alternative  statements  in  the 
description  refer  to  the  latter.  Resembles  fresnoense,  but 
smaller,  with  yellow  mandibles. 


9.     Anthidium  fontis  Cockerell,  new  species 

Male  (type):  Length  about  9  mm.;  black  with  yellow  markings,  pale 
on  face,  but  deep  lemon-yellow  on  abdomen ;  head  and  thorax  with  abun- 
dant long  hair,  fulvous  dorsally,  otherwise  whitish ;  eyes  entirely  pea- 
green  ;  antennae  black,  flagellum  very  obscurely  brov/n  beneath ;  mandibles, 
except  apex,  clypeus,  lateral  face  marks  (truncate  above  at  about  level  of 
antennae)  and  dots  above  eyes,  all  yellow;  mesothorax  very  densely  punc- 
tured ;  tegulae  broadly  in  front  and  spot  behind,  tubercles,  two  lines  on 
scutellum,  stripes  from  end  to  end  of  anterior  and  middle  tibiae,  and 
apical  and  basal  spots  on  hind  tibiae,  all  yellow;  basitarsi  pale  yellow,  small 
joints  red;  wings  dusky;  first  abdominal  segment  with  large  lateral  and 
pyriform  median  spots;  segments  2  to  6  with  narrowly  interrupted  bands, 
more  or  less  emarginate  anteriorly  at  sides ;  seventh  segment  entirely 
dark  red,  with  very  broad  short  lobes,  much  broader  than  distance  between 
either  and  the  median  spine ;  last  ventral  segment  with  a  deep  median 
sulcus. 

Female :  Length  about  8-8.5  mm.,  with  bright  lemon-yellow  markmgs ; 
eyes  bluish  green,  black  below ;  greater  part  of  mandibles,  clypeus  except 
two  coalescent  black  triangles  above,  lateral  face  marks,  broadly  truncate 
below  level  of  antennae,  and  large  triangular  spots  above  eyes,  all  yellow; 
the  yellow  on  thorax  and  legs  includes  bent  stripe  along  each  side  of 
mesothorax,  broad  marks  on  axillae  and  scutellum,  marks  on  tegulae  ante- 
riorly and  posteriorly,  tubercles,  stripes  on  apical  part  of  anterior  and 
middle  femora  beneath,  spot  on  hind  femora,  broad  bands  on  outer  side 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—ANTHIDIINE  BEES  349 

ot  all  tibL-E  and  large  marks  on  hind  basitarsi;  first  abdominal  segment 
with  four  spots,  the  inner  one  transverse  but  not  linear ;  segments  2  to  6 
with  broad  bands,  the  first  two  slightly  interrupted,  the  others  notched, 
the  first  deeply,  the  second  shallowly  emarginate  at  sides,  the  last  with  a 
double  emargination  (two  notches)  at  each  side  in  front;  ventral  scopa 
entirely  pale. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1731,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  between  May  31  and  June  3,  1917,  at  Soboba 
Springs,  Riverside  Co.,  California.  Paratypes:  Four  males  and 
one  female,  same  data;  one  female  Bryson,  Monterey  Co., 
Calif.,  May  18,  1920  (Van  Duzee).  Allied  to  A.  angclarum 
Titus,  but  certainly  distinct,  especially  by  the  terminal  seg- 
ment of  the  male  abdomen. 


10.     Anthidium  permaculatum  Cockerell,  new  species 

Female:  Length  10-10.5  mm.;  robust,  black,  with  very  pale  yellow  mark- 
ings ;  hair  of  head  and  thorax  dorsally  fulvous,  otherwise  white ;  clypeus 
broadly  black  in  middle,  with  an  elongate  pale  mark  on  each  side ;  lower 
edge  of  clypeus  bidentate  at  each  side ;  lateral  face  marks  large,  obliquely 
truncate  above;  mandibles  with  a  large  yellow  mark;  a  cuneiform  yellow 
mark  above  each  eye;  yellow  of  thorax  and  legs  consisting  of  large  spot 
on  front  and  small  behind  on  tegulae,  stripes  along  edge  of  mesothorax 
above,  tubercles,  marks  on  axillae  and  scutellum,  stripes  on  under  side  of 
anterior  and  middle  and  spot  on  hind  femora,  outer  face  of  tibiae,  and 
mark  on  hind  basitarsi;  small  joints  of  tarsi  ferruginous;  hair  on  inner 
side  of  hind  basitarsi  reddish  brown;  wings  dusky;  first  abdominal  seg- 
ment with  four  marks,  the  inner  ones  larger  and  subtriangular ;  segments 
2  to  6  with  broad  bands,  on  2  interrupted  in  middle  and  deeply  notched 
at  sides,  the  median  parts  broad  claviform,  on  3  narrowly  interrupted  in 
middle  and  deeply  notched  at  sides  in  front,  on  4  and  5  deeply  notched 
in  middle  and  shallowly  emarginate  at  sides ;  sixth  segment  strongly 
angulate  at  sides  posteriorly,  nearly  all  pale,  the  light  color  doubly 
emarginate  at  each  side  in  front ;  ventral  scopa  pure  white. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1732,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  July  2,  1922,  at  Sparta,  Baker  Co.,  Oregon. 
Paratype:  Baker,  Oregon.  June  3,  1922  (Van  Dyke).  Known 
from  A.  hesperinm  Swenk  by  the  very  pale  abdominal  bands 
and  the  sixth  segment  strongly  dentiform  at  sides.  The  last 
character  and  the  face  marks  separate  it  from  A.  emarginatum 
Say,  which  it  superficially  resembles. 

September  5,   1925 


350  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

11.     Anthidium  divisum  Cockerel!,  new  species 

Female :  Length  about  7.5  mm. ;  compact,  black,  with  cream-colored 
markings;  hair  of  head  and  thorax  reddish  above,  otherwise  white;  eyes 
sea-green,  black  at  lower  end;  base  of  mandibles,  large  patch  at  each 
side  of  clypeus,  not  reaching  upper  end,  lateral  face  marks  adjacent  to 
sides  of  clypeus  and  not  quite  reaching  orbits,  and  spot  above  eyes, 
yellowish  white ;  mesothorax  very  densely  punctured ;  anterior  and  pos- 
terior spots  on  tegulae,  hardly  visible  stripe  above,  well  developed  marks 
on  axillae  and  scutellum,  tubercles,  and  stripes  on  all  the  tibiae,  not 
reaching  apex,  cream-color ;  hair  on  inner  side  of  basitarsi  light  ferru- 
ginous ;  wings  somewhat  dusky ;  abdomen  with  four  spots  on  first  seg- 
ment, the  outline  of  the  discal  ones  straight  behind  and  strongly  convex 
in  front ;  segment  2  to  6  with  narrowly  interrupted  bands,  that  on  5  not 
quite  interrupted,  band  on  2  deeply  notched  anteriorly  at  sides ;  ventral 
scopa  pure  white. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1733,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  June  24,  1922,  in  Parley  Canon,  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah.  Paratype:  Cayton,  Shasta  Co.,  California,  July  13, 
1918  (Van  Duzee).  Variety  with  clypeal  markings  reduced  to 
a  small  round  spot  on  each  side,  lateral  marks  to  small  nearly 
divided  marks  next  to  clypeal  margin  and  stripe  on  anterior 
tibiae  divided  into  two,  from  Pine  View,  Utah,  July  21,  1922 
(Van  Duzee).  Allied  to  permaculatum  but  considerably  smaller 
and  the  lateral  face  marks  not  larger  than  the  clypeal  marks. 


12.     Anthidium  divisum  ornatifrons  Cockerell,  new  variety 

Female :  Clypeal  patches  larger,  approaching  in  middle  line,  and  be- 
tween them,  with  its  base  touching  them,  a  small  yellowish  triangular 
mark,  its  apex  directed  upward. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1734,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  June  15,  1924,  at  Meadow  Valley,  Plumas 
Co.,  California,  at  3500-4000  ft.  The  face  marks  rather 
suggest  A.  sagittipictum  Swenk. 


13.     Anthidium  divisum  nanulum  Cockerell,  new  variety 

Female :  Very  small,  length  about  5.3  mm. ;  markings  distinctly  yel- 
lower than  in  the  other  two  forms ;  clypeus  very  pale  yellowish,  with  a 
pair  of  black  triangles,  contiguous  at  base,  their  apices  pointing  down- 
ward, on  upper  part,  and  also  a  very  small  black  spot  next  to  the  lower 


Vol.  XIVJ  COCKERELL—ANTHIDIINE  BEES  35  [ 

margin  in  middle ;  lateral  marks  filling  space  between  clypeus  and  eye, 
and  broadly  truncate  a  short  distance  above  level  of  top  of  clypeus ;  spots 
above  eyes  pyriform. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1735,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  May  20,  1920,  at  Bryson,  Monterey  Co., 
California.   Perhaps  a  distinct  species. 

The  following  key  will  facilitate  the  separation  of  the  fe- 
males described  above : 

Face  entirely  black   1 

Face  not  all  black 2 

1.  Larger ;  mandibles  black fresnoense  Ckll. 

Smaller  ;  mandibles  yellow xanthognathum  Ckll. 

2.  Middle  of  clypeus  black  from  base  to  apex 3 

Middle  of  clj-peus  not  black  to  apex 5 

3.  x^bdominal  bands  deep  yellow hesperium  Swenk 

Abdominal  bands  pale 4 

4.  Larger;  lateral  face  marks  much  larger  than  clypeal  marks 

permaculatum    Ckll. 

Smaller;  lateral  marks  not  larger  than  clypeal  ma.rks . . divisum  Ckll. 

5.  Abdominal  bands  and  clypeal  marks  cream-color 6 

Abdominal  bands  yellow  or  orange 7 

6.  Larger ;  area  between  clypeus  and  eye  not  all  light 

divisutn   ornatifrons   Ckll. 

Smaller ;  area  between  clypeus  and  eye  all  light 

divismn  nanulum  Ckll. 

7.  Upper  edge  of  clypeal  yellow  W-like f otitis  Ckll. 

Not  so ;  clypeus  with  spots  or  stripes 8 

8.  Larger ;    (for  other  characters  see  description) 

pecosense  fragariellutn   Ckll. 

Smaller   9 

9.  Last  segment  yellow,  strongly  angulate  at  sides blanditum  Cress 

Last  segment  not  angulate  at  sides angelarum  Titus 


14.     Anthidium  mormonum  Cresson,  and  allies 

In  1878  Cresson  described  this  species  from  a  single  male 
obtained  by  Ulke  in  Utah.  In  1879  he  described  A.  blanditum, 
based  on  a  couple  of  females  collected  by  Morrison  in  Nevada. 
In  1904  I  described  A.  pecosense  and  A.  hernardinum,  the  lat- 
ter with  three  varieties.  In  1911  I  remarked,  "The  female  of 
A.  pecosense  so  nearly  agrees  with  the  description  of  A.  blandi- 
tum from  Nevada  as  to  suggest  that  the  two  represent  varia- 


352  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

tions  or  races  of  one  species."  Swenk  in  1914  made  the  com- 
bination A.  blandituni  pecosense  (CklL).  Certainly  we  have 
here  a  group  of  very  closely  allied  forms,  difficult  to  classify 
correctly.  The  relatively  large  A.  hcrnardinnm,  with  rich 
orange  markings,  the  apical  lobes  of  the  male  abdomen  very 
broad,  the  axillae  orange,  and  other  good  characters,  may  be 
set  aside  as  distinct.  A.  ariduni  (A.  beniardinum  aridtim 
Ckll.)  is  certainly  distinct  from  the  others  by  the  pointed  apical 
lobes  of  the  abdomen,  scape  yellow  in  front,  entirely  black 
axillae,  etc. 

Three  males  from  Beaver  Creek,  Kamas,  Utah,  July  4,  1922 
(Van  Duzee),  must  be  referred  to  A.  pecosense,  though  the 
apical  lobes  of  abdomen  are  variable,  in  one  specimen  spreading 
instead  of  parallel.  The  hair  of  thorax  above  is  fulvous ;  the 
axillae  have  small  yellow  spots ;  the  yellow  of  anterior  tibiae 
is  continuous.  These  differ  from  A.  mormonnm  by  the  fulvous 
dorsal  pubescence,  the  large  discal  spots  on  first  abdominal 
segment  and  the  more  spreading  apical  lobes  of  abdomen,  with 
broader  and  shallower  sinus  between  lobes  and  median  spine. 
It  is  thus  unsafe  to  assert  that  mormonnm  and  pecosense  are 
one  species,  though  it  may  be  that  they  will  prove  inseparable, 
or  only  racially  distinct. 

The  males  described  from  California  as  varieties  fragariel- 
lum  and  zvilsoni  of  A.  beniardintini  belong  rather  to  the  mor- 
monum-pecosense-hlanditiim  alliance,  as  shown  by  the  apical 
lobes  of  abdomen  and  the  merely  spotted  axillae.  They  evi- 
dently represent  a  single  species,  but  the  dorsal  hair  of  thorax 
is  white  in  fragariellnm,  yellow-fulvous  in  ivilsoni.  The  zvilsoni 
form  is  represented  by  three  males  from  Meadow  Valley, 
Plumas  County,  California,  4000  ft.,  June  8  and  15  (Van 
Dyke),  except  that  these  have  the  yellow  on  anterior  tibiae 
interrupted,  whereas  in  typical  zvilsoni  it  is  continuous.  The 
fragariellnm  form  is  represented  by  males  from  Meadow  Val- 
ley, 3500-4000  ft..  June  21  (Van  Dyke)  ;  South  Fork  Kings 
River,  Calif.,  July  8  (Van  Dyke),  and  Fallen  Leaf  Lake,  Calif., 
July  (L.  S.  Rosenbaum).  The  last  has  the  yellow  on  anterior 
tibiae  interrupted,  but  it  is  entire  on  the  other  two,  and  also  in 
typical  fragariellnm. 

These  California  males  run  smaller  than  A.  pecosense  and 
have  more  yellow  on  apical  segment  of  abdomen.    In  the  type 


Vol.  XIV)  COCKERliLL—ANTHIDIINE   BEES  353 

of  fragaricllum,  but  not  in  the  others,  the  yellow  on  first  seg- 
ment of  abdomen  consists  of  a  pair  of  large  cuneiform  patches, 
deeply  incised  posteriorly.  This  also  has  large  yellow  patches 
on  anterior  and  middle  femora,  but  the  series  shows  that  these 
vary.  I  conclude  that  the  Californian  insect  is  a  valid  sub- 
species of  A.  pecoscnse.  The  name  fragaricllum  is  to  be  pre- 
ferred over  zvilsoni,  having  priority  where  it  is  first  printed, 
in  the  table  published  May,  1904. 

Coming  now  to  the  females,  we  fortunately  have  a  couple 
from  Meadow  Valley,  3500  to  4000  ft.,  June  8  and  21  (Van 
Dyke),  certainly  belonging  with  the  males  just  recorded.  The 
one  of  earlier  date  has  hair  of  head  and  thorax  above  deep  ful- 
vous ;  in  the  other  it  is  much  paler  but  not  white.  In  both  the 
clypeus  is  entirely  yellow.  This  insect  agrees  with  the  descrip- 
tion of  A.  blanditiim  except  for  the  fact  that  there  is  a  large 
oblong  yellow  patch  on  mesopleura,  and  perhaps  also  in  the 
more  fulvous  dorsal  pubescence.  The  patch  on  pleura  seems 
to  be  of  little  importance  because  a  female  of  the  same  species 
from  Fallen  Leaf  Lake,  California,  June  26  (Van  Dyke),  has 
the  mesopleura  entirely  black.  The  same  is  true  of  one  from 
Guerneville,  Sonoma  Co.,  Calif.,  May  30  (Van  Dyke).  These 
with  black  pleura  have  the  hair  of  head  and  thorax  above 
strongly  fulvous.  The  female  of  A.  pecosensc,  as  identified  by 
me  from  Flagstaff,  Arizona,  differs  from  the  above  Californian 
females  in  being  larger,  in  having  the  mesopleura  black,  and 
yellow  only  bordering  the  tubercles ;  the  dorsal  hair  is  red.  A 
female  from  Strawberry  Valley,  California  (Davidson),  which 
I  ascribed  to  A.  hernardinum,  is  small  and  agrees  in  all  essen- 
tial particulars  with  the  one  from  Fallen  Leaf  Lake.  It  is  better 
referred  to  A.  fragaricllum.  Thus  the  whole  series  discussed 
will  stand  for  the  present  thus : 

A.  bcrnardimim  Ckll. 
A.  aridum  (Ckll.) 
A.  mormonitm  Cresson 
A.  blanditmn  Cresson  (  ??  of  mormonum.) 
A.  pecoscnse  Ckll.  (  ?  var.  of  inormonum-\-blanditiim.) 
A.  pecosensc  fragaricllum  (Ckll.)   {'^^^^blanditum.) 
A.  pecoscnse  fragaricllum  var.  zvilsoni  (Ckll.)    (apparently 
not  a  valid  race). 


354  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Peoc.  4th  Ser. 

The  question  marks  can  only  be  removed  by  further  investi- 
gation. 


15.     Anthidium  tricuspidum  Provancher 

California:  Mokelumne  Hill,  June  (Blaisdell)  ;  Crystal 
Lakes,  San  Mateo  County,  June  25  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Cazadero, 
September  2  (Van  Duzee).  San  Diego,  Calif.  (Blaisdell), 
male.     Oregon:  Crater  Lake,  7000  ft..  July  16  (Van  Dyke). 


16.     Anthidium  bernardinum  Cockerell 

California :  Mill  Creek  Caiion,  San  Bernardino  Co.,  Septem- 
ber 21  (Van  Duzee).  The  males  are  variable;  hair  on  thorax 
above  white  or  fulvous;  scape  practically  all  black  or  with  a 
large  yellow  mark. 


17.     Anthidium  emarginatum  atripes  Cresson 

The  following  females  differ  from  typical  A.  emarginatum 
in  having  the  tibiae  entirely  black.  I  can  refer  them  only  to 
Cresson's  atripes,  based  on  a  male  from  Nevada. 

California:  Huntington  Lake,  Fresno  Co..  7000  ft.,  July  4 
and  27  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Meadow  Valley,  Plumas  Co.,  3500  ft., 
June  21  (Van  Dyke)  ;  Blue  Lakes,  Alpine  Co..  July  and  Aug- 
ust (Blaisdell). 

These  females  are  distinguished  among  those  with  creamy- 
white  markings  by  the  white  ventral  scopa,  face  entirely  black 
and  scutellum  and  axillae  having  prominent  light  markings. 
It  is,  however,  a  source  of  perplexity  that  I  do  not  find  a  cor- 
responding series  of  males.  The  possible  males  have  the  scutel- 
lum and  axillae  entirely  black,  or  at  least  with  very  small  light 
spots,  and  certainly  do  not  represent  any  form  of  A.  emargi- 
natum. These  females  appear  to  agree  with  A.  emarginatum 
except  for  the  black  tibicC.  Only  field  observations  will  deter- 
mine the  actual  facts. 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—ANTHIDIINE  BEES  355 

18.  Anthidium  maculosum  Cresson 

Females  from  Yosemite  Valley,  Calif.,  June  21  (Van  Dyke)  ; 
Sisson,  Calif.,  July  24  (Van  Duzee),  and  Mokelumne  Hill, 
Calif.  (Blaisdell).  Males  from  Anacapa  Island,  May  15  (Van 
Duzee),  Huntington  Lake,  7000  ft.,  July  27  (Van  Duzee), 
Mill  Creek  Canon,  San  Bernardino  Co.,  Sept.  21  (Van  Duzee), 
all  in  California,  and  Hereford,  Arizona,  July  12  (J.  R. 
Slevin).  Cresson  in  1878  described  A.  luaculosum  from  fe- 
males collected  in  Utah  and  California;  in  1916  he  designated 
Utah  as  the  type  locality.  In  1904  I  described  A.  lupincllum 
from  the  male  collected  in  New  Mexico,  and  in  1923  recorded 
this  species  from  the  Gulf  of  California  region.  The  six  Cali- 
fornia and  Arizona  males  before  me  are  considerably  larger 
than  the  type  of  lupincllum,  but  otherwise  identical.  I  have 
now  no  doubt  that  lupinellum  is  the  male  of  maculosum,  and 
the  species  is  to  be  known  by  the  latter  name. 

19.  Anthidium  palliventre  Cresson 

This  was  based  on  a  female  collected  in  California  by  Hy. 
Edwards,  characterized  by  the  entirely  black  face,  scutellum 
and  axillae,  hair  of  the  head  and  thorax  above  yellowish,  ven- 
tral scopa  entirely  pale.  The  same  collector  obtained  A.  cali- 
forniciim,  described  from  males.  After  a  good  deal  of  per- 
plexity I  am  now  compelled  to  conclude  that  they  are  sexes 
of  one  species,  which  takes  the  prior  name  A.  palliventre. 
However,  the  color  of  the  scopa  varies  from  white  to  nearly 
all  black,  only  the  sides  remaining  white.  I  am  convinced  that 
this  is  not  a  specific  character.  Such  variation  has  been  re- 
corded before,  as  in  A.  astragali  Swenk.  The  females  assigned 
to  palliventre  come  from  San  Francisco,  Calif.,  April  (Van 
Dyke)  and  May  (Kusche);  Colma,  Calif.,  August  15 
(Kusche),  and  San  Miguel  Island,  Calif.,  May  20  (Van  Du- 
zee). The  last  mentioned  is  unusually  large  with  corners  of 
sixth  abdominal  segment  prominent.  These  all  differ  from  the 
female  of  A.  temiiHorce  Ckll.  in  having  abdominal  bands  more 
or  less  interrupted  in  middle  and  the  divisions  claviform  mesad. 
The  male  (A.  calif ornicuni  Cress.)  comes  from  Colma,  Calif., 


356 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES'  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Aug.  15  (J.  A.  Kusche),  and  San  Francisco,  May  10,  21  and 
30  (Kusche),  and  April  20  (Van  Dyke).  The  dorsal  hair  of 
head  and  thorax  is  ferruginous,  whereas  in  males  from  Los  An- 
geles (Davidson)  it  is  white,  as  I  recorded  in  1904. 

20.     Anthidium  plumarium  Cockerell,  new  species 

Male:  Aspect  of  A.  calif oniicum,  including  the  red  dorsal  pubescence. 
At  first  I  thought  it  a  mere  variety  or  race,  but  it  is  surely  a  distinct 
species  by  the  following  characters:  Lateral  apical  lobes  of  abdomen 
stout  but  pointed  (broadly  rounded  in  calif  oniicum) ;  mandibles  broader; 
mouth  parts  ferruginous ;  upper  edge  of  clypeus  black  with  two  pointed 
extensions  downward ;  sixth  abdominal  segment  with  only  two  small 
yellow  spots. 

Evidently  derived  from  A.  calif ornicum  (palUventre). 

Type:  Male,  No.  1736,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
Dr.  E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  June  5,  1924,  at  Meadow  Valley,  Plumas 
Co.,  California. 

21.     Anthidium  tenuiflorae  Cockerell 

This  Rocky  Mountain  species  proves  to  extend  into  the  Paci- 
fic coast  region.  The  females  are  very  like  those  of  A.  palUven- 
tre, but  may  be  separated  by  the  abdominal  bands  being  very 
narrowly  interrupted,  the  divisions  not  claviform  but  strap- 
shaped.  The  eyes  are  also  darker.  The  ventral  scopa  is  usually 
mainly  or  almost  wholly  black,  but  it  varies  to  all  light  in 
Huntington  Lake  specimens.  Females  are  from  Huntington 
Lake,  Calif.,  7000  ft.,  July  4  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Steen  Mountains, 
Oregon,  June  25  (Van  Dyke),  and  Longmire,  Rainier  Na- 
tional Park,  Wash.,  July  27  (Van  Dyke).  The  last  mentioned 
has  the  bands  unusually  slender.  Males  are  from  Longmire 
(same  date  as  females)  and  Crater  Lake,  Oregon,  7000  ft., 
July    17    (Van  Dyke). 

22.     Anthidium  banningense  Cockerell 

The  following  references  are  to  males;  the  basitarsi  are 
cream  colored  in  front  and  the  anterior  and  middle  tibiae  have 
a  s[X)t. 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—AXTHIDIINE   BEES  357 

California:  Meadow  Valley,  Plumas  Co.,  3500-4000  ft., 
June  21  (Van  Dyke)  ;  Huntington  Lake,  Fresno  Co.,  July  4 
(Van  Duzee)  :  Blue  Lakes,  Alpine  Co.,  August  (Blaisdell). 
Utah:  Logan,  July  14  (Van  Duzee);  lateral  apical  spines  of 
abdomen  broader;  sixth  and  seventh  segments  entirely  black. 
Apparently  not  a  race,  as  one  of  the  Meadow  Valley  si>ecimens 
is  the  same. 

Readily  known  from  male  A.  emarginatum  by  the  long  nar- 
now  lateral  apical  lobes  of  abdomen  and  the  tegtuiient  of  scutel- 
lum  wholly  black. 

23.     Anthidium  angulatum  Cockerell,  new  species 

Male:  Similar  to  E.  emarghiatnm  Say,  but  rather  less  robust;  abdominal 
bands  conspicuously  paler  (creamy  white),  and  reduced  to  fine  lines  at 
the  broad  emarginations ;  hair  of  thorax  above  white ;  scutellum  entirely 
black  or  with  a  pair  of  minute  pale  marks.  Apical  lobes  of  abdomen 
angulate  as  in  A.  emarginatum.  Differs  from  A.  emarginatum  atripcs 
Cresson  by  the  broad  band  on  fifth  abdominal  segment  and  pair  of  large 
comma-like  marks  on  sixth,  small  pale  marks  on  bases  of  tibiae,  and 
creamy  white  basitarsi.  The  clypeus  may  have  or  lack  two  small  black 
spots.    Perhaps  to  be  regarded  as  a  Californian  race  of  A.  emarginatuvi. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1737,  Mus,  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  7,  1919,  at  Huntington  Lake,  Fresno 
Co.,  California,  at  7000  ft.  Paratype,  one  male,  taken  by  Dr. 
E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  July  11,  1915,  at  Fallen  Leaf  Lake,  California. 

24.     Anthidium  brachyurum  Cockerell,  new  species 

Male :  Length  about  10  mm. ;  black,  the  head  and  thorax  with  white 
hair,  very  fainty  tinged  with  yellowish  dorsally;  flagellum  obscurely  red- 
dish beneath  except  basally ;  light  markings  cream-color,  the  light  parts 
being  entire  clypeus,  lateral  marks,  truncate  at  about  level  of  antennae, 
mandibles  except  apically  (red  just  before  the  black  apex),  small  spots 
above  eyes,  tegulae  in  front  and  small  mark  behind,  small  marks  at  bases 
of  tibiae,  elongate  mark  near  end  of  front  tibiae,  subquadrate  mark  at 
apex  of  mid  tibiae,  the  basitarsi,  large  lateral  and  small  dorsal  marks  on 
first  abdominal  segment,  second  segment  similar  but  with  larger  dorsal 
marks,  segments  3  to  5  with  narrowly  interrupted  bands,  deeply  emar- 
ginate  laterally,  sixth  with  very  large  hook-like  marks ;  seventh  segment 


358  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

entirely  black  with  very  broad  low  lateral  lobes  narrowly  separated  from 
the  central  spine ;  tubercles,  mesothorax,  axillse  and  scutellum  entirely 
black ;  eyes  pea-green ;  mesothorax  extremely  densely  punctured ;  wings 
dusky;  hair  on  inner  side  of  hind  tibiae  white. 

With  the  type  I  associate  two  other  specimens  differing  in 
some  respects : 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  June  27,  1922  (Van  Duzee)  ;  hair  of 
head  and  thorax  above  abundant,  light  fulvous;  apical  lobes 
separated  from  spine  by  a  deeper,  rounded,  emargination, 
but  hardly  half  breadth  of  lobe;  sixth  seginent  with  two 
large  pyriform  marks. 

Redding,  California,  July  7,  1918  (Van  Duzee)  ;  subapical 
marks  on  anterior  tibije  very  minute;  marks  on  sixth  seg- 
ment smaller;  emargination  between  lobes  and  spine  rather 
shallow  and  not  abrupt.  I  think  these  are  all  one  species, 
however.  It  is  known  from  the  related  species  by  the  broad 
low  apical  lobes  of  abdomen.  Its  nearest  relative  appears 
to  he  A.  montivagum  Cresson. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1738,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
Mrs.  H.  E.  Ricksecker,  in  July,  1920,  at  Cisco,  California. 

25.     Anthidium  hamatum.  Cockerell,  new  species 

Male :  Length  about  or  nearly  13  mm. ;  black,  the  head  and  thorax  with 
abundant  white  hair,  grayish  dorsally ;  light  markings  cream-tolor,  con- 
sisting of  entire  clypeus,  lateral  marks  (filling  space  between  clypeus  and 
eyes  and  obliquely  truncate  above,  the  inner  corner  meeting  upper  corner 
of  clypeus),  mandibles  except  apex,  spot  at  end  of  scape,  small  spot 
above  eyes,  tegulse  anteriorly  and  small  spot  behind,  tubercles  (which  are 
obtuse),  two  very  small  lines  on  hind  border  of  scutellum,  marks  at 
bases  of  tibiae,  spot  at  apex  of  middle  tibiae,  basitarsi,  large  lateral  and 
narrow  transverse  dorsal  marks  on  first  abdominal  segment,  bands  on 
segments  2  to  5  (narrowly  interrupted  in  middle  and  very  widely  emar- 
ginate  at  sides)  and  a  pair  of  hook-like  marks  on  sixth  segment;  apical 
segment  and  mesothorax  entirely  black;  eyes  gray;  mesothorax  extremely 
densely  punctured ;  wings  dusky ;  apical  lobes  of  abdomen  wide  apart, 
obtuse,  the  outer  side  strongly  concave,  distance  between  lobes  and  spine 
much  greater  than  width  of  lobes.  The  lobes  resemble  in  form  those  of 
A.  mormonum  Cress,  but  are  much  wider  apart. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1739,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  8,  1922,  on  Mt.  Timpanogos,  Utah. 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—ANTHIDIINE  BEES  359 

26.     Anthidium  spinosum  Cockerell,  new  species 

Male:  Length  about  or  slightly  over  11  mm.;  black,  the  head  and  thorax 
with  abundant  white  hair,  inclined  to  grayish  dorsally ;  light  markings 
cream-color,  consisting  of  clypeus  (except  a  pair  of  black  lines  on  upper 
part),  lateral  marks  (filling  space  between  clypeus  and  eye,  with  upper 
end  rounded),  greater  part  of  mandibles,  spots  above  eyes,  mark  on  tegulse 
in  front,  two  very  small  spots  on  scutellum  (or  none),  basitarsi  (but 
tibiae  all  black),  four  spots  on  first  abdominal  segment  (the  lower  smaller 
but  not  linear),  bands  on  segments  2  to  5  (very  narrowly  or  not  quite 
interrupted  in  middle,  very  broadly  emarginate  at  sides,  the  inner  portion 
thick),  and  a  pair  of  comma-like  marks  on  sixth  segment;  eyes  greenish 
gray;  scutellum  shining  on  disc;  wings  dusky;  hair  on  inner  side  of 
hind  basitarsi  dark  brown ;  tubercles  entirely  black,  produced  and  spini- 
form ;  apical  lobes  of  abdomen  of  the  same  type  as  those  of  A.  hamatum. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1740,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
Dr.E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  July  11,  1915,  at  Fallen  Leaf  Lake,  Cali- 
fornia. Paratype,  one  male,  same  data.  I  had  taken  this  for  a 
form  of  A.  hamatum  until  I  noticed  the  entirely  different  spini- 
form  tubercles.   . 

The  new  species  described  above  and  a  related  form  may  be 
separated  as  follows,  all  being  males  with  the  abdominal  bands 
whitish  or  very  pale : 

Apical  lobes  finger-like;  clypeus  with  two  black  spots 

banningcnse    Ckll. 

Apical  lobes  angular angulatum  (Tkll. 

Apical  lobes  broad  and  rounded 1 

1.  Apical  lobes  twice  as  broad  as  space  between  them  and  median  spine 

: bra<:hyurum   Ckll. 

Apical  lobes  not  thus  broadened 2 

2.  Tubercles  creamy  white,  obtuse  seen  from  above hnmatum  Ckll. 

Tubercles  black,  sharply  pointed  seen  from  ahowt. . .  .spuvosum  Ckll. 


27.     Anthidium  flavicauduni  Cockerell,  new  species 

Male:  Length  about  or  nearly  11  mm.;  black  with  yellow  markings 
(reddened  by  cyanide  in  type);  head  and  thorax  with  white  hair;  eyes 
brown ;  flagellum  obscurely  reddish  beneath ;  mesothorax  extremely 
densely  punctured;  tubercles  not  spiniform;  wings  dusky;  apical  lobes 
of  abdomen  rounded,  wide  apart,  apically  much  narrower  than  the  dis- 
tance between  them  and  spine;  spines  at  sides  of  sixth  segment  short 
and  pale ;  yellow  markings  as  follows :  entire  clypeus,  lateral  marks 
(ending  above  on  orbit  at  level  of  antennae,  but  the  inner  corner  at  top 
of  clypeus,  the  oblique  upper  side  curved)  ;  mandibles   (except  apex  nar- 


350  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  Of  SCIE.NCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

rowly),  subpyriform  spots  above  eyes,  spot  on  front  of  tegulse,  tubercles, 
elongate  marks  on  scutelium,  shorter  ones  on  axillae,  stripes  on  anterior 
and  middle  femora  beneath,  elongate  mark  on  hind  femora  apically,  entire 
outer  face  of  tibiae,  basitarsi  (small  joints  of  tarsi  clear  ferruginous), 
broad  bands  on  abdominal  segments  1  to  6,  on  1  broadly  interrupted  m 
middle  and  deeply  emarginate  or  excavated  posteriorly  at  sides,  on  2  and 
3  rather  narrowly  interrupted  in  middle  and  deeply  but  not  widely  exca- 
vated anteriorly  at  sides,  on  4  very  narrowly  interrupted  in  middle  and 
much  more  shallowly  excavated  anteriorly  at  sides,  on  5  deeply  notched 
in  middle  and  merely  undulate  at  sides,  sixth  yellow  except  black  hind 
margin,  seventh  yellow  with  spine  and  broad  apices  of  lobes  black; 
venter  with  much  white  hair. 

Differs  from  A.  pecosense  wilsoni  (Ckll.)  by  the  entirely 
black  mesothorax  and  much  shorter  spines  at  sides  of  sixth 
segment  (in  wilsoni  they  are  long-  and  dark)  ;  they  are  how- 
ever, closely  allied.  In  wilsoni  the  tegulae  have  the  whole  outer 
margin  yellow. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1741,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  26,  1918,  at  Sisson,  California. 


28.     Anthidium  puncticaudum  Cockerell,  new  species 

Male:  Length  about  11  mm.;  black  with  lemon-yellow  markings;  hair 
of  head  and  thorax  white ;  eyes  pea-green ;  mesothorax  dull  and  granular ; 
scutelium  dull,  with  a  little  shining  area  on  disc  posteriorly;  wings  dusky; 
tubercles  black,  sharply  pointed  but  not  spiniform;  spines  at  sides  of 
sixth  abdominal  segment  long  and  black;  lobes  of  terminal  segment  broad 
and  rounded,  produced,  the  ends  separated  by  more  than  their  width  from 
the  spines;  lemon-yellow  markings  as  follows,  entire  clypeus,  lateral 
marks  (filling  space  between  clypeus  and  eye  and  obliquely  truncate 
above),  mandibles  except  tips,  spot  above  eyes,  mark  on  tegulae  in  front 
and  small  one  behind,  stripes  on  all  the  tibiae  (on  middle  ones  inter- 
rupted), basitarsi  (small  joints  ferruginous),  four  spots  on  first  and  also 
on  second  abdominal  segments,  the  dorsal  spots  on  first  small,  but  on 
second  large  and  similar  to  the  corresponding  parts  on  third,  where,  as 
also  on  fourth,  they  are  connected  by  a  slender  line  with  the  lateral  spots, 
fifth  segment  with  a  narrowly  interrupted  band,  widely  excavated  ante- 
riorly on  each  side,  similar  to  that  on  fourth,  sixth  with  two  large  suboval 
marks,  notched  on  outer  side,  apical  segment  with  two  small  yellow  spots. 

Among  the  species  with  entirely  black  thorax  this  is  known 
by  the  deeply  incised  or  divided  lateral  portions  of  abdominal 
bands,  the  entirely  black  scutelium,  seventh  segment  with  only 


Vol.  XIV)  COCKERELL—AXTHIDIINE  BEES  361 

two  small  yellow  spots,  clypeus  all  yellow  and  apical  lobes  of 
abdomen  elongate  though  broadly  rounded. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1742,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 

E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  May  26-28,  1917,  at  Colton,  California. 

29.     Anthidium  lucidum  Cockerell,  new  species 

Male;  Length  about  10  mm.;  black,  with  lemon-yellow  markings;  hair 
of  head  and  thorax  white.  Resembles  A.  puncticaudttm,  but  smaller  and 
more  slender,  with  apical  lobes  of  abdomen  narrower,  obtusely  pointed, 
abdomen  more  shining,  upper  part  of  clypeus  with  two  large  hook-shaped 
black  marks,  lateral  face  marks  going  very  little  above  level  of  top  of 
clypeus,  tubercles  tipped  with  yellow,  scutellum  with  two  very  small 
yellow  marks,  bands  on  tibiae  reduced  and  broken,  first  abdominal  segment 
with  only  lateral  spots,  and  these  not  very  large,  second  segment  with 
band  like  that  on  third,  sixth  with  two  hook-shaped  marks,  seventh  all 
black.  This  is  closer  to  A.  titttsi  Qcll.,  differing  by  the  entirely  black 
scape,  clypeal  marks  much  deeper  yellow,  face  marks  lemon-yellow,  ab- 
dominal bands,  etc. 

The  California  form  which  I  have  regarded  as  A.  titiisi  has 
the  scape  black  and  the  abdominal  bands  strongly  yellow.  It  is 
between  the  two  and  perhaps  better  associated  wdth  A.  lucidum, 
but  additional  observations  are  desirable.  A.  angiilatum  Ckll. 
is  also  related  but  clearly  distinct. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1743,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 

F.  C.  Clark,  July  20,  1919,  at  Huntington  Lake,  Fresno  Co., 
California,  at  7000  feet. 

Anthidiellum  Cockerell 

Dianthidium  subg.  Anthidiellum  Ckll.,  Bull.  So.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  Ill,  p.  3 

(1904).     Type  strigatum  Panzer. 
Anthidium   subg.    Cerianthidiutn   Friese,    Europ.    Bienen,    Lief.    3,    p.    304 

(1923).    For  strigatum  Panz.  and  inerme  Fr.    Type,  now  designated, 

strigatum  Panzer. 

This  widespread  and  well  characterized  group  may  well 
stand  as  a  genus.  It  includes  such  species  as  the  following, 
described  under  Anthidium  or  Dianthidium:  Anthidiellum  stri- 
gatum (Panzer),  Europe;  A.  strigatum  lutcum  (Friese), 
Greece;  A.   leucorhinum    (Ckll.),    Siberia;  A.   truncatiforme 


352  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  XPRoc.  4th  See. 

(CklL),  Gold  Coast;  A.  tegivaniensc  (Ckll.),  S.  Africa;  A. 
compactum  (Smith),  S.  Africa;  A.  cucullatum  (Friese), 
Africa;  A.  eiseiii  (Ckll.),  Lower  California;  A.  pcrplcxum 
(Smith),  Georgia;  A.  ehrhorni  (Ckll.),  California;  A.  roberf- 
soiii  (Ckll.),  California;  A.  gilense  (Ckll.),  New  Mexico. 

30.     Anthidiellum  robertsoni    (Cockerell) 

Females:  Kings  River  Canon,  Fresno  Co.,  Calif.,  5000  ft, 
May  25,  and  July  2  (Van  Dyke)  ;  Mokelumne  Hill,  Calif. 
(Blaisdell);  Colestin,  Jackson  Co.,  Oregon,  July  30  (Van 
Duzee)  ;  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  July  1  (Van  Duzee). 

Males:  Mokelumne  Hill,  Calif.  (Blaisdell);  Mill  Creek 
Canon,  San  Bernardino  Co.,  Calif.,  Sept.  21  (Van  Duzee). 
This  species  was  discovered  by  Dr.  Davidson  at  Rock  Creek 
and  Los  Angeles,  Calif.;  it'is  surprising  to  find  it  extending 
its  range  to  Oregon  and  Utah  and  well  up  into  the  mountains. 

31.     Anthidiellum  robertsoni  citrinellum  Cockerell,  new  race 

Male :  Face  marks  bright  lemon-yellow ;  a  short  yellow  line  on  thorax 
behind  each  tegula ;  abdominal  bands  deep  chrome  yellow. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1744,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  17,  1919,  at  Huntington  Lake,  Fresno 
Co.,  California,  at  7000  ft. 

32.     Dianthidium  sayi   Cockerell 
Females:  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  July  1,  1922  (Van  Duzee). 

33.     Dianthidium  provancheri  Titus 

Females:  Cascada,  Fresno  Co.,  Calif.,  July  29,  1919,  6000 
ft.  (Van  Duzee). 

34.       Dianthidium  singulare  (Cresson) 

California:  Meadow  Valley,  Plumas  Co.,  3000-4000  ft., 
June  13,  one  male  (Van  Dyke). 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—ANTHlDIINE   BEES  T,()^ 

35.     Dianthidium  singulare  perluteum  T.  &  W.  Cockerell 

California:  South  Fork  Kings  River  Canon,  Fresno  Co., 
5000  ft.,  July  5,  2  females,  2  males  (Van  Dyke).  Described 
in  1904  from  the  female.  The  male  has  the  end  of  the  abdomen 
broadly  trilobed,  the  seventh  segment  yellow  without  markings, 
the  lateral  lobes  rounded,  the  middle  one  obtusely  pointed  and 
ferruginous  at  end. 

2)6.     Dianthidium  singulare  melanognathum  Cockerell, 

new  subspecies 

Female :  Marked  like  typical  D.  singulare  from  Nevada  but  mandibles 
black  with  a  yellow  spot  at  base;  wings  dusky;  black  mark  on  clypeus 
fusiform;  coxal  spines  very  long. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1745,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  7,  1919,  at  Huntington  Lake,  Fresno 
Co.,  California,  at  7000  ft. 

37.     Dianthidium  pudicum  Cresson 

Females:  Longmire,  Rainier  National  Park,  July  27  (Van 
Dyke)  ;  Huntington  Lake,  Fresno  Co.,  Calif.,  7000  ft.,  July  4, 
1919  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Strawberry  Valley,  Eldorado  Co.,  Calif., 
August  14  (Van  Dyke).  The  clypeus  may  be  entirely  black  or 
may  have  a  small  light  spot  at  each  extreme  side. 

Males:  Fallen  Leaf  Lake,  Calif.,  July  17  (Van  Dyke)  ;  Salt 
Lake  City,  Utah,  June  27  (Van  Duzee). 

38.     Dianthidium  consimile  (Ashmead) 

Females:  Ashland,  Oregon,  Aug.  2  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Colestin, 
Oregon,  July  30  (Van  Duzee)  ;  also  the  following  places  in 
California:  Cascada,  6000  ft.,  July  29  (Van  Duzee);  Bear 
Valley,  San  Bernardino  Mts.,  Aug.  (F.  C.  Clark)  ;  Cayton, 
Shasta  Co.,  July  13  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Mokelumne  Hill,  June 
(Blaisdell)  ;  Mill  Creek  Canon,  San  Bernardino  Mts.,  Sept.  21 
(Van  Duzee). 


364  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Males,  all  from  California,  as  follows:  Mokelumne  Hill, 
June  and  Sept.  (Blaisdell)  ;  Cascada,  Fresno  Co.,  July  29 
(Van  Duzee)  ;  Soboba  Springs,  Riverside  Co.,  June  1  (Van 
Duzee)  ;  Mill  Creek  Caiion,  San  Bernardino  Mts.,  Sept.  24 
(Van  Duzee)  ;  South  Fork  Kings  River,  July  8  (Van  Dyke). 
The  Kings  River  one  lacks  the  yellow  spot  on  mesopleura. 

As  in  the  allied  D.  provancheri  the  face  markings  are  cream 
colored  in  the  male,  lemon-yellow  in  the  female.  The  female 
clypeus  has  the  middle  broadly  or  narrowly  black,  there  is  a 
well  developed  triangular  supraclypeal  mark  and  a  bar-like 
yellow  mark  below  the  anterior  ocellus.  In  the  male  the  clypeus 
is  all  light,  the  supraclypeal  mark  is  a  mere  dot,  and  the  mark 
before  the  ocellus  is  absent  or  represented  by  a  very  small  line. 
The  abdominal  bands  are  broadly  and  deeply  emarginate  at 
sides  posteriorly  in  the  male  but  with  much  smaller  emargina- 
tions  or  entire  in  the  females.  It  seems  difficult  to  associate  as 
sexes  insects  so  different,  but  I  believe  they  certainly  belong 
together. 

Ashmead  (1896)  described  what  he  called  the  female,  but 
part  of  the  description  refers  to  the  male,  part  to  the  female. 
In  1904  I  reported  what  I  took  for  D.  consimilc,  but  it  was 
really  D.  provancheri  Titus.  In  1916  (Pomona  Jl.  Ent.  and 
Zool.,  VIII,  p.  63)  I  gave  characters  to  separate  the  males  of 
the  two  species. 


39.     Dianthidium  parvum  (Cresson) 

Females:  Logan,  Utah,  July  18  (Van  Duzee).  The  clypeus 
has  a  cream-colored  spot  on  each  side :  the  scutellum  is  black 
with  a  pair  of  extremely  small  light  marks. 

Males:  Logan.  Utah,  July  18  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Ashland,  Ore- 
gon, Aug.  2  (Van  Duzee)  ;  and  the  following  places  in  Cali- 
fornia:  Cay  ton,  Shasta  Co.,  July  13  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Strawberry 
Valley.  El  Dorado  Co.,  Aug.  4  (Van  Dyke)  ;  Huntington 
Lake,  Fresno  Co.,  7000  ft..  July  26  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Bear  Val- 
ley, San  Bernardino  Mts.,  Aug.  (F.  C.  Clark)  ;  Mill  Creek 
Canon,  San  Bernardino  Mts.,  Sept.  21   (Van  Duzee). 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—ANTHIDIINE   BEES  355 

40.     Dianthidium  parvum  baculifrons  Cockerell,  new  race 

Female :  Face  marks  light  yellow  including  lower  lateral  corners  of 
clypeus,  so  that  the  black  part  of  the  clypeus  rapidly  narrows  apically; 
a  short  yellow  bar  below  middle  ocellus;  entire  margin  of  scutellum 
broadly,  and  axillae,  yellow;  lateral  emargination  of  abdominal  segments 
short,  deep  and  rounded;  scopa  shining  white  (distinctly  yellow  in  D. 
parvum). 

This  is  intermediate  between  D.  parvum  and  D.  provancheri, 
differing  from  the  latter  by  the  paler  face  markings,  with  more 
black  on  clypeus;  hind  tibiae  black  with  a  large  pale  yellow 
patch  at  base  above,  and  sixth  abdominal  segment  entirely 
black.  It  should  perhaps  be  considered  a  form  of  D.  provan- 
cheri, or  a  distinct  species.    Titus  described  only  the  male  of 

D.  provancheri. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1746,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 

E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  June  5,  1917,  at  Soboba  Springs,  Riverside 
Co.,  California. 

Callanthidium  Cockerell,  new  genus 

Outer  recurrent  nervure  going  beyond  end  of  second  cubital 
cell ;  no  pulvillae  on  feet.  On  account  of  these  characters  I 
thought  to  refer  these  bees  to  the  neotropical  genus  Hypan- 
thidiiirn,  in  which  certain  African  and  Indian  species  have  al- 
ready been  placed.  These  large  North  American  forms  are, 
however,  strongly  divergent,  not  only  by  their  size,  but  espe- 
cially in  the  armature  at  the  apex  of  the  abdomen.  The  sixth 
segment  is  deeply  emarginate  in  the  middle  in  the  female  and 
the  apex  of  the  male  abdomen  shows  a  median  spine  and  large 
lateral  lobes.  There  is  some  affinity  with  Dianthidium,  to  which 
genus  I  wrongly  referred  the  type  species  in  1914.  Type,  C. 
illustre  (Anthidium  illustre  Cresson). 

41.     Callanthidium  illustre  (Cresson) 

California:  Yosemite  Valley,  June  21  (Van  Dyke)  ;  Soboba 
Springs,  Riverside  Co.,  June  2  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Poway,  San 
Diego  Co.,  May  24  (Blaisdell)  ;  Meadow  Valley,  Plumas  Co., 


356  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  See. 

3500-4000  ft.,  June  21  (Van  Dyke)  ;  Bear  Valley,  San  Ber- 
nardino Co.,  July  13  (F.  C.  Clark)  ;  Claremont  (C.  H.  Muz- 
zall)  ;  Colton,  May  26  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Cayton,  Shasta  Co.,  July 
13  (Van  Duzee). 

The  next  species  is  closely  allied  but  is  readily  separated  by 
the  black  femora. 

In  1904  I  described  a  supposed  species,  Anthidium  serranum, 
from  Rock  Creek,  California.  It  was  recognized  as  valid  by 
Swenk  in  1914,  but  I  now  consider  it  only  a  variation  of  Cal- 
lanthidium  illustre,  to  be  called  C.  illustre  serranum.  It  is  not 
even  certain  that  it  is  a  valid  race. 

42.     Callanthidium  conspicuum  (Cresson) 

California:  Fallen  Leaf  Lake,  July  17  (Van  Dyke).  Ore- 
gon: Fremont  National  Forest,  Klamath  Co.,  5000  ft.,  June 
18  (Van  Dyke). 

I  have  an  apparently  authentic  female  of  Dianthidium  balli 
Titus,  labelled  "Blydenburgh."  On  comparison  with  C.  con- 
spicuum it  proves  to  be  identical. 

43.     Callanthidium  formosum  (Cresson) 

Oregon:  Crater  Lake,  7000  ft.,  July  17  (Van  Dyke). 

Described  (under  Anthidium)  from  Colorado,  There  are  no 
pulvillae  and  the  species  is  near  to  C.  conspicuum,  but  easily 
separated  by  the  end  of  the  male  abdomen,  the  emargination 
of  which  is  broader  than  Cresson's  figure  shows.  I  had  sug- 
gested that  this  might  be  the  male  of  Dianthidium  cressonii 
D.  T.,  but  that  has  pulvillae,  much  darker  wings,  and  the  first 
recurrent  nervure  ending  far  from  base  of  second  cubital 
cell  (practically  at  basal  corner  in  C.  formosum). 

44.     Callanthidium  formosum  pratense  Cockerell,  new  species 

Male:  Yellow  stripes  on  head  above  nearly  meeting  in  middle  line; 
yellow  marks  on  mesothorax  in  front  larger ;  tegulse  with  very  large  yel- 
low patch ;  scutellum  with  a  pair  of  yellow  stripes ;  first  abdominal  seg-' 
ment  with  the  yellow  marks  produced  in  hook-like  form ;  band  on  third 


Vol.  XIV]  COCKERELL—ANTHIDIINE  BEES  2)67 

segment  narrowly  continuous  in  middle,  and  not  notched  behind ;  seventh 
segment  yellow  right  across,  and  the  median  spine  only  about  half  as 
long  as  the  distance  between  it  and  the  lateral  lobes.  As  in  the  typical 
form,  the  lateral  lobes  are  pointed,  with  the  extreme  apical  face  straight 
or  slightly  concave. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1747,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
Dr.  E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  June  17,  1924,  at  Meadow  Valley,  Plumas 
Co.,  California,  between  6000  and  7000  feet. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  16,  pp.  369-390  September  18,  1925 


XVI 
STUDIES  IN  THE  TENEBRIONID^,  NO.  2 

(COLEOPTERA) 

BY 

FRANK  E.  BLAISDELL,  Sr. 

The  first  number  of  the  present  studies  appeared  in  the  En- 
tomological News  of  January,  1918  (Vol.  XXIX,  p.  7.).  The 
new  species  and  subspecies  of  Eleodes  described  below  have 
accumulated  since  the  publication  of  my  Monographic  Revi- 
sion of  the  Eleodiini  (Bull.  63,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.)  in  1909. 
The  material  studied  since  then  has  cleared  up  the  doubtful 
status  of  several  of  the  phases  given  at  that  time.  Mr.  Leng 
in  a  foot-note  (p.  227)  in  the  Catalogue  of  the  Coleoptera  of 
America  North  of  Mexico,  remarks  that  I  have  more  recently 
elevated  several  such  names  to  higher  rank,  "the  original  pre- 
sumption in  such  cases  having  been  apparently  erroneous," 

In  the  mass  of  heterogeneous  material  upon  which  I  based 
my  monograph,  there  were  numerous  instances  in  which  the 
specimens  were  too  few  for  a  correct  and  definite  understand- 
ing of  the  relationships ;  as  a  result,  many  subspecies  and  races 
were  not  recognized  and  unwittingly  considered  as  forms, — 
not  wholly  from  ignorance  in  many  cases,  but  more  truly  as 
acts  of  conservatism,  I  having  believed  it  to  be  more  logical 
and  truthful  to  raise  than  to  lower  a  grade,  whenever  more 
positive  data  warranted  it. 

September  18,  1925 


^JQ  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

From  the  standpoint  of  taxonomy,  the  solution  of  the  ques- 
tion of  specific  relationship  is  not  going  to  come  from  the 
study  of  dried  museum  specimens,  but  must  be  the  result  of 
careful  ontogenetic  and  ecologic  studies  of  large  series  of 
specimens  collected  in  the  different  geographic  regions. 
Such  research  must  be  pursued  with  untiring  zeal  if  we  are  to 
arrive  ultimately  at  some  conception  of  the  laws  governing  the 
divergence  of  organisms. 

The  raising  of  certain  forms  to  a  definite  grade  does  not 
invalidate  the  conception  of  such  intra-specific  groups,  for  even 
then  the  specific  aggregates  will  be  made  up  of  variants,  as  no 
two  individuals  of  any  species  can  be  exactly  alike  as  regards 
size,  form,  sculpturing  and  color,  no  matter  how  much  re- 
stricted taxonomically.  With  Dr.  E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  I  prefer 
to  use  the  term  "phase"  in  a  generic  sense  to  include  all  vari- 
ants of  a  species,  subspecies  or  variety.  When  a  species  is 
limited  taxonomically  the  intra-specific,  intra-subspecific  or 
intra-varietal  variants  can  be  grouped  according  to  size,  form, 
sculpturing  or  color,  each  group  constituting  a  form.  These 
are  really  ecological  groups.  I  expressed  these  same  ideas  in 
my  monograph. 

In  1909  I  presented  the  conception  of  forms  as  a  means  of 
directing  attention  to  the  variation  within  specific  units  so  as 
to  make  them  objects  of  research.  I  advised  that  forms  should 
not  he  given  a  place  in  a  check-list,  for  on  the  very  face  of  the 
matter  they  are  absolute  synonyms  according  to  the  author 
and  from  the  standpoint  of  taxonomy.  We  must  have  laws 
and  rules  of  guidance,  otherwise  everything  passes  into  con- 
fusion, and  yet  to  enforce  them  rigidly  or  literally  may  retard 
science  rather  than  advance  it.  The  enforcement  of  laws  or 
the  application  of  rules  must  be  tempered  by  good  judgment, 
this  is  absolutely  necessary,  for  no  law  or  rule  is  strictly  ap- 
plicable in  all  cases;  hence  the  need  of  flexibility  in  the  appli- 
cation of  a  rule.  Certain  recent  changes  in  our  nomenclature 
have  been  founded  on  paleographic  facts  much  to  the  con- 
fusion of  other  branches  of  science. 

A  word  or  two  regarding  extremists  versus  the  intermediate 
path.  Conservatism,  when  extreme,  retards  the  progress  of 
science.  Most  of  this  is  due  to  the  exercise  of  the  personal 
equation  rather  than  to  biological  inquiry.    A  species  relegated 


Vol.  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE   TENEDRIONIDJE  2>7\ 

to  synonymy  is  supposed  to  be  defunct  for  all  time  and  yet 
some  synonymical  lists  are  rich  in  research  material.  The 
other  extreme  usually  overrates  biological  facts,  but  the  result 
more  than  balances  the  harm  done  by  the  stimulus  it  gives  to 
discussion  and  research.  Why  not  pursue  the  more  logical  and 
sane  path, — bury  the  personal  equation  and  let  intensive  re- 
search dictate  the  biological  data ;  the  deductions  will  then  be 
both  progressive  and  scientific. 

Forms  may  be  said  to  constitute  ecological  groups,  for  the 
units  of  a  species  exhibit  individual  differences  which  are  very 
evidently  due  to  environment  and  not  to  reactions  in  the  germ 
plasm.  It  may  be  admitted  that  environmental  conditions  will 
affect  the  germ  plasm  in  the  course  of  centuries.  Environ- 
mental conditions  are  constantly  changing  and  therefore  un- 
staple :  They  change  from  day  to  day,  from  month  to  month, 
and  from  year  to  year ;  first  warm  then  cold,  dry  and  then  wet, 
over  a  whole  region  or  any  part  of  a  region,  even  to  small  and 
restricted  areas.  That  is  why  one  season  yields  notable  vari- 
ations and  the  next  something  still  dift'erent. 

A  consideration  of  the  principle  ecological  factors  capable 
of  bringing  about  variations  in  size,  form,  sculpturing  and 
color  in  organisms,  includes  temperature,  humidity,  quantity 
and  quality  of  food,  coupled  with  geographical  position.  Any 
one  taking  cognizance  of  these  facts  should  eliminate  if  possi- 
ble all  individual  variations  (forms)  of  known  or  described 
species,  subspecies  and  varieties  before  describing  any  of  them 
as  new  to  science.  Let  it  be  kept  in  mind  that  the  earth  is 
Nature's  great  experimental  laboratory  and  that  it  is  an  in- 
finite field  for  research. 

The  limitation  of  species,  subspecies  and  varieties  is  quite 
arbitrary  in  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge.  A  species  as 
at  present  defined,  with  its  subspecies  and  varieties  constitutes 
a  specific  complex.  I  believe  that  all  subspecies  and  varieties 
should  be  recognized  aiid  named  as  they  constitute  taxonomic 
subgrades.  The  main  idea  in  doing  this  is  to  make  them  ob- 
jects of  research.  The  definition  of  a  species  is  too  well  known 
for  me  to  repeat  it,  but  I  would  like  to  make  known  what  I 
understand  by  subspecies  and  variety  or  race.  The  usual  ency- 
clopedic definition  leads  the  student  in  a  circle  so  that  he 
usually  knows  just  as  much  after  his  investigation  as  he  did 


372  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

when  he  began.  My  definitions  have  been  formulated  from 
observations  in  the  field. 

I  assume  that  I  am  dealing-  with  a  specific  phase  worthy  of 
subspecific  grade  whenever  a  series  of  specimens  has  been  col- 
lected in  some  particular  geographical  region  apart  from  the 
type  and,  as  a  whole,  presents  some  notable  difference  in  form, 
size,  sculpturing  or  color  from  the  type. 

I  assume  likewise  that  a  variety  (race)  is  to  be  recognized 
when  a  series  of  specimens  presents  some  minor  but  constant 
difference  in  size,  form,  sculpturing  or  color  from  the  type, 
and  usually  inhabits  the  same  geographical  region,  but  in  some 
areas  the  varietal  phase  may  predominate.  A  subspecies  or  va- 
riety interbreeds  with  the  t)^pe  if  inhabiting  the  same  geo- 
graphical region  or  area.  The  regions  of  distribution  of  type, 
subspecies  and  variety  may  overlap  and  this  accounts  in  part 
for  the  confusion  which  exists  regarding  what  constitutes  a 
subspecies  oi  variety.  I  believe  that  ontogenetic  research  must 
decide  the  relationships  in  the  Insecta.  The  student  in  the 
field  must  work  out  the  distributional  and  seasonal  phases. 

Forms  in  the  sense  defined  above  should  be  recognized, 
studied  and  properly  placed  in  collections,  and  discussed  in 
current  papers  and  monographs,  but  not  given  in  a  check-list. 

The  following  new  species,  subspecies,  and  varieties  are 
presented  at  the  present  time : 

1.     Telabis  nevadensis  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  elongate  oblong-oval,  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide, 
moderately  convex.  Color  piceous  brown,  dark  rufous  beneath,  legs  paler; 
luster  dull  to  somewhat  shining. 

Head  a  little  transverse,  sides  moderately  convergent  and  feebly  arcu- 
ate before  the  eyes,  the  latter  somewhat  prominent  and  coarsely  faceted; 
epistoma  slightly  produced,  arcuato-truncate  at  apex,  sides  briefly  oblique 
from  the  shallow  emarginations ;  front  very  slightly  convex,  very  feebly 
and  broadly  impressed  laterally  within  the  sides,  moderately  and  dis- 
cretely punctate,  punctures  somewhat  coarser,  deeper  and  more  or  less 
coalescent  on  the  epistoma ;  vertex  more  or  less  strigose.  Antennae  long 
and  slender. 

Pronotum  nearly  twice  as  wide  as  long;  apex  moderately  emarginate, 
angles  obtuse  and  blunt ;  base  feebly  bisinuate,  marginal  bead  rather  broad 
and  flat  in  middle  third ;  basal  angles  obtuse  and  distinct ;  sides  evenly 
and  moderately  arcuate,  feebly  convergent  anteriorly,  margin  rather  thin 


Vol.  XI\]  BLAISDELL—THE   TENEBRIONID^  373 

and  narrowly  rcflcxed,  slightly  crcnulale ;  disk  moderately  convex,  dis- 
cretely punctate;  punctures  smaller  in  middle  third,  thence  somewhat 
coarser  and  more  oval,  with  their  margins  quite  distinct  and  not  coales- 
cent;  sides  narrowly  impressed  but  rather  more  widely  so  toward  the 
basal  angles.  Proplcura  with  a  few  scattered  hairs;  rather  coarsely,  but 
not  densely  punctate,  punctures  shallow ;  intervals  somewhat  prominent 
longitudinally. 

Elytra  oblong,  about  a  half  longer  than  wide,  sides  parallel  and  feebly 
arcuate,  apex  broadly  rounded,  humeri  obtuse  and  not  in  the  least  promi- 
nent, although  somewhat  exposed;  disk  moderately  convex,  finely  and 
subasperately  punctate,  punctures  somewhat  confused  at  base,  sides  and 
apex,  series  quite  distinct  in  the  central  area. 

Sterna  sparsely  and  not  very  coarsely  punctate;  punctures  shallow; 
mesosternal  epimera  irnpunctate ;  transverse  metasternal  ante-coxal  line 
well  defined  and  almost  entire.  Abdomen  moderately  evenly  convex,  finely 
and  very  sparsely  pimctate  along  the  middle,  rather  more  coarsely  so 
laterally;  under  surface  of  the  body  clothed  with  scattered  hairs. 

Length  (types)  6-6.5  mm.;  width  2.4-2.8  mm. 

Holotypc,  male,  and  allotype,  female,  in  my  collection. 
Paratypcs  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  Warren  Knaus  and  in  that 
of  the  author. 

Type  locality:  Las  Vegas,  Nevada,  collected  July  31,  192L 
A  series  of  five  specimens. 

This  si^ecies  evidently  falls  into  the  series  with  Casey's 
iitcana  and  aiiiica,  both  from  Utah.  In  nevadensis  the  punc- 
tuation of  the  head  and  pronotum  is  discrete,  not  very  dense 
(rather  more  abundant  in  the  female),  shallow  and  scarcely 
asperate,  not  muricate ;  the  vertex  of  the  head  may  be  more  or 
less  longitudinally  strigose.  According  to  Casey,  uteana  is 
piceous  black  in  color  and  arnica  is  pale  testaceous,  and  he 
makes  no  mention  of  the  vertex  of  the  head  being  strigose  in 
either  species. 


2.     Eleodes  quadricollis  lassenica  Blaisdell,  new  subspecies 

Form  and  sculpturing  similar  to  that  of  quadricollis  Esch.,  but  more 
strongly  and  densely  punctate  throughout.    Color  intense  black. 

Pronotum  more  arcuately  and  strongly  declivous  laterally,  and  as  a 
result  more  strongly  convex  from  side  to  side.  Anterior  spurs  of  the 
protibise  more  elongate  in  both  sexes. 

Male :  Narrower  elongate-oval.  Female :  Ovate,  sides  more  arcuate ; 
elytra  just  noticeably  inflated.    Sexes  otherwise  as  in  quadricollis. 


374  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Length  (types)  17-18.5  mm.;  width  7-8.5  mm. 

Holotype,  female,  and  allotype,  male,  in  the  author's  col- 
lection. 

Type  locality:  Martin's  Spring,  Lassen  County,  California. 
Section  14.  Tp.  31  N,  R.  9  E.  Collected  by  Mr.  J.  O.  Martin, 
on  July  10th.  1922.     A  single  pair. 

In  huHieralis  Lee.  the  pronotal  marginal  bead  is  visible 
throughout  the  length  when  viewed  vertically  from  above;  in 
quadricollis  and  related  species  the  lateral  marginal  bead  is 
more  or  less  invisible  from  above.  The  main  diagnostic 
characters  of  lassenica,  are  the  denser,  stronger  sculpturing  and 
less  elongate  form. 


3.     Eleodes  parowana  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  oblong-oval  to  oblong-ovate,  rather  strongly  convex,  a  little  more 
than  twice  as  long  as  wide.    Color  deep  black  and  feebly  shining. 

Head  moderate  in  size,  densely  punctate  before  the  eyes ;  vertex 
sparsely  punctate ;  sides  arcuate  at  the  supra-antennal  convexities,  thence 
straight  and  convergent  to  the  frontal  angles,  the  latter  obtuse ;  epistoma 
broadly  and  evenly  emarginate ;  frontal  sutures  not  evident.  Antennse 
rather  stout  and  moderate  in  length,  tenth  joint  transversely  oval,  the 
three-jointed  club  very  slightly  wider  than  the  preceding  joints. 

Pronotum  quadrate  to  slightly  transverse,  widest  at  apical  third ;  apex 
truncato-emarginate  in  moderate  circular  arc ;  sides  quite  strongly  arcuate 
in  apical  half,  thence  straight,  oblique  and  moderately  convergent  to  base, 
marginal  bead  fine ;  apical  angles  nearly  rectangular ;  base  transverse  and 
the  angles  obtuse  but  not  in  the  least  rounded ;  disk  moderately  strongly 
convex,  declivous  laterally,  finely  and  rather  densely  punctate,  punctures 
slightly  larger  laterally,  those  of  the  central  area  being  a  little  more 
widely  separated. 

Elytra  oval,  base  sinuate  lateral  to  the  scutelluni,  the  latter  triangular ; 
humeri  obtuse  and  rather  distinct;  sides  evenly  arcuate,  apex  moderately 
narrowly  rounded ;  disk  costate,  costje  moderately  convex,  smooth  and 
sparsely  punctulate,  intervals  finely  and  more  abundantly,  irregularly 
punctate;  punctures  on  the  apical  declivity  slightly  muricate.  Legs  mod- 
erate in  length  and  stoutness,  as  well  as  rather  densely  sculptured.  Tarsi 
moderately  stout. 

Male:  More  elongate  oblong-oval,  front  of  head  more  convex.  Pro- 
notum subquadrate,  widest  at  middle  as  viewed  from  above.  Elytral 
hiten'als  alternately  costate.  Abdomen  very  slightly  oblique  to  the  sterna, 
strongly  impressed  at  middle  of  first  two  segments,  inter-coxal  process 
broad.   Anterior  spurs  of  the  protibiae  produced  and  moderate  in  stoutness. 


Vol.  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE   TENEBRIONWJE  375 

Female:  Oblong-ovate,  broader.  Pronotum  wider  than  long,  widest  in 
front  of  the  middle.  Elytra  costate  as  in  the  male  with  the  intervening 
intervals  more  or  less  convex,  sides  with  an  incipient  margin;  apical  de- 
clivity arcuate  and  moderately  abrupt.  Abdomen  rather  strongly  convex. 
Anterior  protibial  spur  produced  and  thickened  as  in  the  female  of 
qiiadricollis. 

Length  (types)  15-16.5  mm.;  width  6-7.8  mm. 

Holotypc,  female,  and  allotype,  male,  in  my  collection.  Para- 
types  in  that  of  Mr.  Warren  Knaus  of  McPherson,  Kansas. 
Collected  on  "the  Mammoth,"  at  top  of  Parowan  Mountains, 
Utah,  on  July  12-22,  1921,  at  an  elevation  of  10,000  feet,  by 
Mr.  Knaus,  while  on  the  Mininger-Hoover  Ex^Dedition. 

Four  specimens  studied.  The  elytral  sculpturing  of  paro- 
wana  is  unique  in  the  qiiadricollis  section  of  the  subgenus 
Melaneleodes.  Extending  backward  from  the  humeri  is  an 
angulation  indicating  the  beginning  demarcation  of  the  in- 
flexed  sides  from  the  dorsum  of  the  elytra,  as  observed  in 
tricostata  and  pediu aides,  although  the  elytra  are  strongly 
convex  and  not  depressed  as  in  the  latter  species.  In  parozvana 
the  anterior  protibial  spurs  are  produced  and  stout  as  in 
qiiadricollis.  In  the  tricostata  group  the  spurs  are  produced 
but  they  are  not  so  stout.  This  new  species  is  a  most  interest- 
ing and  surprising  addition  to  the  subgenus  Melaneleodes. 

4.     Eleodes  parowana  mimica  Blaisdell,  new  variety 

Mimica  resembles  parowana  in  most  characters,  but  differs, 
chiefly  in  the  character  of  the  sculpturing,  as  follows :  Form 
rather  more  robust,  integuments  rather  denser.  Elytral  sculp- 
turing more  strongly  developed  and  like  that  observed  in  the 
oval  form  of  tricostata;  alternate  intervals  strongly  convex, 
surface  scabrous  from  rather  fine  and  quite  densely  placed 
muricate  punctures ;  the  intermediate  intervals  may  become 
feebly  subcostate. 

In  parowana  the  elytral  punctures  are  very  fine  and  quite 
equal  throughout,  scarcely  at  all  or  very  feebly  asperate  at 
times.  In  other  words  in  parozvana  the  punctuation  resembles 
that  observed  in  typical  porcata  Casey,  except  that  the  punc- 
tures are  equal  in  size.  In  mimica  the  punctuation  is  like  that 
of  tricostata  Say.    The  pronotum  and  the  anterior  tibial  spurs 


376  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

are  as  in  the  quadricollis  group.     In  the  tricosfata  group  the 
pronotum  is  distinctly  transverse. 

Length  (types)  17-16  mm. ;  width  6.5-7  mm. 

Holotype,    female,    and    allotype,    male,    in   my   collection. 
Paratypes  in  that  of  Mr.  Tanner. 

Type   locality:     Bryce    Canon,    Utah.      Collected    by    Mr. 
Vasco  M.  Tanner  on  July  27th,  1922. 


5.     Eleodes  fuscipilosa  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  rather  elongate  subfusiform-ovate  to  ovate,  slightly  depressed 
above  and  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide.  Color  black  through- 
out, luster  rather  dull. 

Head  rather  small,  front  very  feebly  convex,  impressions  obsolete, 
densely  and  rather  finely  punctate,  punctures  much  sparser  on  the  vertex ; 
epistoma  subtruncate  at  apex,  sides  quite  straight  and  slightly  convergent 
anteriorly,  angles  distinct  and  rather  narrowly  rounded,  supra-antennal 
convexities  feeble.  Eyes  rather  narrow.  Antennae  moderate  in  length, 
gradually  and  very  slightly  incrassate  in  outer  joints;  joints  four  to  seven 
longer  than  wide  and  obconical,  eighth  triangular,  ninth  and  tenth  slightly 
transverse,  eleventh  obovate  and  rather  obliquely  truncate  at  tip. 

Pronotum  subquadrate,  relatively  small,  widest  at  about  the  middle, 
base  and  apex  subequal ;  apex  quite  truncate  and  the  angles  very  distinct, 
obtuse  and  not  prominent  anteriorly ;  sides  rather  evenly  but  not  strongly 
arcuate,  almost  straight  posteriorly  and  moderately  convergent  to  base, 
marginal  bead  fine ;  base  feebly  and  broadly  arcuate,  the  angles  obtuse ; 
disk  rather  evenly  convex,  most  strongly  so  laterally  and  declivous  as 
usual  in  the  quadricollis  group,  finely  and  almost  evenly  punctate,  punc- 
tures well  separated. 

Elytra  suboval,  base  scarcely  wider  than  the  pronotal  base,  slightly 
emarginate  and  adapted  to  the  pronotal  base;  sides  moderately  arcuate, 
convergently  so  to  apex  in  apical  fourth,  the  apex  rather  narrowly 
rounded ;  disk  more  or  less  depressed,  more  or  less  moderately  and  more 
abruptly  rounded  into  the  deflexed  sides,  rather  abruptly  and  arcuately 
declivous  posteriorly ;  surface  quite  discretely  muricato-granulate,  gran- 
ules small  and  shining  at  summit,  not  well  developed  in  the  central  sutural 
area,  irregularly  placed,  but  with  a  suggestion  of  a  serial  arrangement 
when  viewed  longitudinally  from  behind;  each  granule  with  a  short 
nearly  erect  and  somewhat  stiff  brownish  hair  which  is  scarcely  conspic- 
uous.   Epipleura  rather  narrow  and  but  slightly  wider  toward  base. 

Sterna  finely  and  rather  densely  muricato-punctate.  Abdomen  finely  and 
rather  closely  punctate ;  segments  rather  strongly  convex  antero-pos- 
teriorly.    Legs  moderate  in  length  and  stoutness. 


Vol.  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE   TENEBRIONIDX  y?7 

Male:  Narrower,  subfusiform-ovate.  Pronotum  about  as  wide  as  long; 
antennae  slightly  stouter;  elytral  disk  less  depressed.  Abdomen  slightly 
oblique  to  the  sterna;  first  and  second  segments  flattened  in  middle  third, 
with  a  median  longitudinal  impression.  Tarsi  rather  stout ;  first  protarsal 
joint  not  noticeably  thickened  at  apex  beneath.  Anterior  protibial  spur 
distinctly  lengthened  and  stouter  than  the  posterior. 

Female :  Broader  and  ovate.  Pronotum  slightly  wider  than  long.  An- 
tennae rather  less  stout.  Elytral  disk  noticeably  flattened.  Abdomen  hori- 
zontal and  moderately  strongly  convex.  Tarsi  rather  less  stout.  Anterior 
protibial  spur  very  distinctly  enlarged. 

Length  (types)  14-16  mm.;  width  5-8  mm. 

Holotype,  female,  and  allotype,  male,  in  my  collection,  both 
collected  at  Parowan,  Utah,  at  an  elevation  of  6000  ft.,  on 
July  24-25,  1921,  by  Mr.  Warren  Knaus  while  on  the  Minin- 
ger-Hoover  Expedition. 

FuscipUosa  belongs  to  the  quadricollis  section  of  the  genus 
on  account  of  the  enlarged  anterior  protibial  spurs.  It  differs 
from  all  others  of  the  group  in  the  relatively  small  head  and 
pronotum  and  brownish  pubescence  of  the  elytra.  It  should 
follow  coloradensis  in  the  list  of  species. 


6.     Eleodes  reducta  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  oblong-ovate,  about  two  and  a  third  times  longer  than  wide  and 
moderately  strongly  convex.    Color  deep  black,  luster  somewhat  shining. 

Head  moderate  in  size,  front  very  slightly  convex,  impressions  feebly 
indicated,  most  marked  within  the  supra-antennal  convexities ;  densely 
and  irregularly  punctate,  with  small  impunctate  areas,  punctures  rather 
small,  becoming  still  smaller  and  sparser  on  the  vertex ;  sides  rather  arcu- 
ately  prominent  over  the  antennal  base,  thence  becoming  sinuate,  straight 
and  obliquely  convergent  to  the  narrowly  rounded  epistomal  angles ;  apex 
of  the  epistoma  broadly  and  feebly  emarginate.  Eyes  narrow.  Antennae 
moderate  in  stoutness  and  length,  attaining  the  pronotal  base;  joints  four 
to  eight  slightly  longer  than  wide,  ninth  about  as  long  as  wide  and  sub- 
globular,  tenth  slightly  wider  than  long,  eleventh  short  obovate  and  trun- 
cate at  tip. 

Pronotum  subquadrate,  widest  at  about  the  middle ;  apex  truncate  in 
circular  arc,  apical  angles  obtuse  and  distinct ;  sides  broadly  and  moder- 
ately arcuate,  becoming  straight  or  slightly  sinuate  to  base,  marginal  bead 
very  fine ;  base  broadly  but  not  strongly  arcuate,  sometimes  feebly  sinuate 


378  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

at  middle ;  basal  angles  obtuse ;  disk  evenly  convex,  more  strongly  so  lat- 
erally, marginal  bead  more  or  less  visible  from  above,  punctures  small 
and  distinct,  more  or  less  regularly  placed  and  not  crowded. 

Elytra  oval,  less  than  twice  as  long  as  wide ;  base  feebly  emarginate 
and  adapted  to  the  pronotal  base,  slightly  wider  than  the  latter,  humeri 
obtuse  and  not  prominent ;  sides  broadly  and  moderately  arcuate,  con- 
verging to  apex  in  apical  third,  the  latter  rather  narrowly  rounded ;  disk 
moderately  convex  on  the  dorsum,  more  strongly  so  laterally  but  not 
rounding  broadly  into  the  moderately  inflexed  sides,  punctures  feebly 
muricate,  rather  evenly  distributed,  although  slightly  denser  at  the  sides 
and  apex  where  they  become  more  strongly  muricate,  irregularly  placed, 
with  unimpressed  strise  evident ;  rather  abruotly  and  arcuately  declivous 
posteriorly. 

Sterna  more  or  less  finely  muricato-punctate ;  abdomen  more  sparsely 
punctate.    Legs  of  moderate  length  and  stoutness. 

Male:  Narrower,  pronotum  about  as  wide  as  long.  Abdomen  slightly 
oblique  to  the  sterna,  first  two  segments  flattened  in  the  central  area, 
with  a  slight  median  longitudinal  impression.  Protarsal  plantar  grooves 
open,  first  joint  not  noticeably  thickened  at  apex  beneath. 

Female :  Broader,  pronotum  a  little  wider  than  long.  Abdomen  hori- 
zontal and  rather  strongly  convex.  Protarsal  plantar  grooves  closed  on 
the  first  joint,  the  latter  prominent  at  apex  beneath  and  set  with  small 
black  spinules.   Anterior  protibial  spurs  enlarged  and  thickened. 

Length  (types)  15-17.5  mm.;  width  6-7.5  mm. 

Holotype,  female,  and  allotype,  male,  in  my  collection.  A  fe- 
male paratype  is  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  Vasco  M.  Tanner. 
Dixie  Normal  School,  St.  George,  Utah.  Collected  near  Cove 
Fort  on  the  Beaver  County  line,  Utah,  June  20th,  1922,  by 
Mr.  Tanner. 

Reducta  is  related  to  humeralis,  but  at  first  sight  resembles 
obsoleta  forma  punctata,  and  is  readily  separated  from  it  by  the 
enlarged  anterior  protarsal  spurs  of  the  female.  The  form  is 
less  robust  than  m  humeralis  and  the  sculpturing  is  less  dense 
and  more  muricate;  in  humeralis  the  sculpturing  is  dense, 
more  granular  and  very  minutely  muricate,  the  lateral  pro- 
;iotal  margin  is  distinctly  visible  from  above  as  a  result  of  the 
disk  being  less  arcuately  declivous  at  the  sides.  Coloradensis 
is  more  robust  and  less  elongate.  The  elytra  in  fuscipilosa  are 
clothed  with  short  brownish  hairs,  while  in  concinna  the  ely- 
tral  sculpturing  consists  of  small  discrete  shining  granules. 


Vol.  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE   TENEBRIONIDJE  379 

7.     Eleodes  mazatzalensis  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  elongate-ovate,  somewhat  depressed,  a  little  more  than  twice  as 
long  as  wide.    Color  deep  black  and  shining. 

Head  moderate  in  size,  about  as  long  as  wide,  almost  flat,  feebly  im- 
pressed laterally ;  punctures  moderate  in  size,  not  crowded,  slightly  smaller 
and  somewhat  sparser  on  the  vertex.  Antennae  moderate  in  length,  slightly 
compressed  distally,  scarcely  at  all  incrassate;  third  joint  very  little  longer 
than  the  fourth  and  fifth  taken  together;  fourth  joint  just  the  least  longer 
than  the  fifth;  fifth,  sixth,  seventh  and  eighth  subequal  in  length,  last  two 
very  little  stouter  and  feebly  triangular ;  ninth  and  tenth  oval,  scarcely 
longer  than  wide ;  eleventh  oblong-oval,  a  little  longer  than  wide  and 
rather  broadly  rounded  at  apex. 

Pronotum  about  two-sevenths  wider  than  long,  widest  slightly  in  ad- 
vance of  the  middle ;  sides  rather  broadly  arcuate  in  anterior  three- 
fourths,  thence  moderately  convergent  and  feebly  sinuate  to  base,  mar- 
ginal bead  fine ;  apex  truncate ;  apical  angles  obtuse  and  distinct ;  base 
very  feebly  arcuate  and  about  equal  to  the  apex ;  basal  angles  obtuse, 
almost  distinct ;  disk  moderately  and  evenly  convex  from  side  to  side, 
feebly  so  antero-posteriorly,  quite  strongly  declivous  laterally  behind  the 
middle,  noticeably  so  at  the  apical  angles,  surface  finely  and  sparsely 
punctulate,  slightly  alutaceous. 

Elytra  oval,  feebly  wider  posteriorly,  sides  broadly  arcuate,  apex  mod- 
erately broadly  rounded ;  disk  with  distinct  lines  of  punctures,  the  latter 
moderate  in  coarseness,  rather  closely  but  irregularly  spaced,  intervals 
with  an  irregular  line  of  sparsely  placed  punctules ;  surface  rather  de- 
pressed in  the  central  area,  almost  vertically  declivous  posteriorly.  Humeri 
small  and  acute. 

Sterna  quite  densely  punctured.  Abdomen  finely  punctato-rugulose ; 
horizontal  in  both  sexes.  Legs  moderate  in  length ;  the  posterior  notice- 
ably longer  in  relative  proportion  than  the  anterior. 

Male :  Somewhat  narrower.  Abdomen  feebly  flattened  along  the  middle 
of  the  first  three  segments.  Inner  spur  of  the  anterior  tibiae  a  little  stouter 
than  the  outer;  plantar  grooves  open  on  all  the  tarsi,  except  at  the  tip  of 
the  first  joint  of  the  anterior  tarsi,  where  it  is  closed  by  a  transverse 
row  of  coarse  blackish  spinules. 

Female :  Slightly  broader.  Antennae  relatively  a  little  longer ;  abdomen 
evenly  but  not  strongly  convex. 

Male,  length  14  mm.,  width  6  mm.;  female,  length  18  mm., 
width  7  mm. 

Holotype,  male,  and  allotype,  female,  in  the  collection  of  the 
Entomological  Department  of  the  Agricultnral  College  of  Cor- 
nell University,  Ithaca,  New  York.  Para  type,  female,  in  the 
anthor's  collection.     Types  bear  the  label :    Lot  445,  Sub.  3. 


380  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Type  locality:  Mazatzal  Mountains,  Arizona,  collected 
Sept.  1-3. 

The  anterior  tarsi  are  imperfect  on  both  types,  only  the  first 
and  second  joints  being  present.  The  sexes  are  similar  in 
form,  and  suggestive  of  the  females  of  dissimilis  Blais.  In 
the  latter  the  plantar  grooves  of  the  anterior  tarsi  are  open  in 
both  sexes,  and  the  elytral  punctuation  is  finer.  The  tarsal 
characters  and  tibial  spurs  correlate  mazataalensis  with  the 
carbouaria  section  of  the  subgenus  Melaneleodes.  A  second 
female  in  the  Agricultural  College  collection  is  more  finely 
sculptured. 


8.     Eleodes  coloradensis  Blaisdell,  new  species 

In  my  Monographic  Revision  of  the  Eleodiini  this  species 
was  recorded  as  a  form  of  humeralis  Lee.  (Forma  tubcrcitlo- 
inuricata).  The  collecting  of  recent  years  has  contributed 
much  toward  the  elucidation  of  the  relationship  between  cer- 
tain phases  that  were  of  dubious  status  at  the  time  the  above 
monograph  was  written.  I  made  no  mistake,  however,  in  con- 
sidering the  above  species  as  related  to  humeralis  Lee.  I  gave 
simply  the  relationship  as  I  interpreted  it  from  the  meager 
material  that  was  before  me  at  that  time.  I  will  now  present 
a  modified  description  considering  it  a  species : 

Form  robust  and  less  elongate  than  humeralis  Lee.  Pronotum  more 
arcuately  declivous  laterally,  with  the  margins  more  or  less  invisible  from 
above.  Elytra  more  coarsely  and  strongly  sculptured,  subtuberculately 
muricate  with  the  punctures  much  sparser  than  in  humeralis. 

Length  (types)  16-16  mm.;  width  5.5-7  mm. 

Holotype,  female,  and  allotype,  male,  in  my  collection.  Both 
types  were  collected  in  Colorado,  the  male  by  C.  V.  Riley. 

In  coloradensis  the  elytral  granules  are  larger  and  more  like 
tubercles.  It  is  separated  from  humeralis  by  the  more  robust 
form,  sparser  and  coarser  sculpturing  of  the  elytra,  as  well  as 
the  more  abruptly  declivous  sides  of  the  pronotal  disk.  It  is 
more  robust  than  fuscipilosa,  with  a  relatively  larger  head  and 
pronotum  and  the  absence  of  distinct  hairs  on  the  elytra.  In 
rileyi  Casey  the  elytral  sculpturing  is  sparser  and  not  asperate. 


Vol.  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE   TENEBRIONID/E  3gl 

9.     Eleodes  concinna  Blaisdell,  new  species 

This  species  was  considered  as  humcralis  forma  graiinlato- 
muricata  in  my  Monograph  (Bull.  63,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1909). 
Many  specimens  collected  in  Nevada,  Lassen  and  Plumas 
counties  in  California  have  been  studied  and  compared  during 
the  last  decade.  My  present  conviction  is  that  it  should  have 
full  specific  rank.    Concinna  may  be  defined  as  follows : 

Form  elongate,  oblong-ovate  to  ovate,  less  robust  and  more  sparsely- 
sculptured  than  humeralis  Lee.  Elytra  moderately  convex  on  the  dorsum, 
sides  more  or  less  broadly  rounded ;  disk  less  densely  sculptured  with 
small  muricate  granules  which  are  shining  at  their  summit. 

Length  (types)   15.5-16  mm.;  width  5.8-7  mm. 

Holotype,  male,  and  allotype,  female,  in  my  collection.  The 
male  was  collected  in  Lassen  County,  California,  and  the  ac- 
companying female  was  taken  at  Carson,  Nevada. 

Distribution:  Nevada  (Verdi,  April  —  Blaisdell;  Carson 
City,  July;  Reno, — Wickham;  Utah, — Riley).  California 
(Lassen  County;  Plumas  County,  April  25th, — Essig.) 

The  specimens  from  Lassen  County,  California,  "have  the 
elytra  discretely  granulate;  each  granule  under  low  power  of 
magnification  is  polished  and  shining,  under  high  power  the 
granules  are  minutely  pointed  at  their  summit."  This  form  of 
sculpturing  constitutes  the  typical  phase. 

10.     Eleodes  wenzeli  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Form  oblong-oval  with  elytral  disk  flattened.  Color  deep  black,  luster 
somewhat  alutaceous,  surface  smooth,  almost  glabrous. 

Head  relatively  small,  front  very  slightly  convex,  impressions  obsolete, 
punctures  fine,  discrete,  slightly  coarser  on  the  epistoma ;  sides  feebly 
arcuate  over  the  antennal  fossse,  thence  feebly  sinuate  and  straight,  con- 
verging to  the  narrowly  rounded  epistomal  angles,  apex  of  the  epistoma 
feebly  and  broadly  emarginate.  Antennae  moderate  in  length,  joints  four 
to  seven  slightly  longer  than  wide,  subequal,  seventh  slightly  shorter,  ter- 
minal joint  not  thickened,  as  long  as  wide,  subglobular  and  slightly 
compressed. 

Pronotum  subquadrate,  as  wide  as  the  elytra,  widest  slightly  in  ad- 
vance of  the  middle;  apex  slightly  emarginate  in  feeble  circular  arc; 
apical  angles  subacute  and  slightly  prominent  anteriorly ;  sides  broadly 
and   moderately   arcuate   in   anterior   two-thirds,    thence   less   so,   straight 


0O7  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Puoc.  4th  Ser. 

and  very  moderately  convergent  to  the  basal  angles,  marginal  bead  dis- 
tinct and  moderately  fine ;  base  very  feebly  arcuate ;  basal  angles  obtuse ; 
disk  moderately  and  evenly  convex,  finely  and  not  closely  punctate,  basal 
impressions  obsolete. 

Elytra  oblong,  narrowing  posteriorly,  about  twice  as  long  as  wide ;  base 
feebly  emarginate  and  adapted  to  the  pronotal  base,  humeri  slightly  ex- 
posed, small  and  obtuse ;  sides  broadly  arcuate,  subparallel,  gradually 
converging  to  apex  in  apical  third,  apex  rather  narrowly  rounded ;  disk 
flattened  on  the  dorsum,  moderately  convex,  rather  abruptly  rounding 
into  the  moderately  inflexed  sides,  arcuately  and  rather  obliquely  declivous 
posteriorly,  finely,  not  closely  and  quite  evenly  punctate,  punctures  not 
subasperate,  obsoletely  striate.  Epipleura  very  gradually  widening  toward 
base  and  comparatively  narrow. 

Sterna  and  abdomen  shining,  feebly  and  not  densely  sculptured.  Legs 
moderately  long,  femora  rather  stout ;  tarsi  somewhat  slender. 

Male:  Form  oblong,  parallel;  elytra  flattened  on  the  dorsum.  Abdomen 
oblique,  to  the  sterna  and  impressed  in  the  middle  third  of  the  first  two 
segments. 

Length  19  mm. ;  width  8  mm. 

Holotype,  male,  in  the  author's  collection,  taken  in  the 
Chisos  Mountains  of  Texas,  on  July  24,  by  Mr.  H.  A.  Wenzel, 
after  whom  the  species  is  named. 

Wenaeli  belongs  to  the  pc  din  aides  group  of  the  subgenus 
Melaneleodes.  It  can  readily  be  recognized  by  its  smooth, 
finely  sculptured  integuments  and  alutaceous  luster.  In  spccu- 
HcoUis  the  pronotal  disk  is  polished  and  shining,  the  elytra 
rather  strongly  sculptured.  Neomexicaua  is  duller  in  luster 
and  the  elytra  are  rather  densely  but  not  coarsely  subasper- 
ately  sculptured,  while  pedinoides  is  larger,  more  shining  and 
the  elytra  striate;  asperata  Lee.  has  the  elytra  more  strongly 
and  very  distinctly  muricate  at  the  sides  and  on  the  apex. 


11.     Eleodes  speculicollis  Blaisdell,  new  species 

Similar  in  form  to  neomexicaua  Blais.     Surface  more  shin- 
ing, the  pronotal  disk  polished. 

Pronotum  evenly  and  moderately  convex,  basal  impressions  feeble  or 
obsolete ;  base  broadly  and  not  strongly  emarginate  at  middle ;  disk  with 
several  fortuitous  impressions,  not  present  in  the  males. 

Elytra  moderately  feebly  convex  on  the  dorsum,  laterally  rather  less 
broadly  rounded  than  in  ncomexicana;  surface  obsoletely  striate,  inter- 
vals indicated  as  faint  subglabrous  lines,  punctures  confused,  rather  dense 


Vol.  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE   TENEBRIONW.^  ^^:^ 

and  somewhat  fine,  not  at  all  granulato-muricate,  except  slightly  so  on  the 
apex.    Legs  rather  less  stout.    Otherwise  as  in  ncomexicana  Blais. 

Length  (types)  20-21  mm.;  width  7-9  mm. 

Holotypc,  female,  No.  1812,  and  allotype,  male,  No.  1813, 
Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  C.  D.  Duncan,  July  9, 
1921,  on  Livermore  Peak,  Davis  Mountains,  Texas.  Paratypes, 
two  males,  one  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy  and  one  in 
that  of  the  author,  same  data. 

Spcculicollis  is  readily  separated  from  neomexicana  by  its 
shining  integuments  and  polished  pronotal  disk  and  smoother 
elytral  sculpturing.  Three  males  and  one  female  have  been 
studied.  It  is  the  author's  belief  that  neomexicana  Blais. 
should  be  considered  a  distinct  species  and  not  a  race  of  pedi- 
noides  Lee. 


12.     Eleodes  obscura  glabriuscula  Blaisdell,  new  subspecies 

Similar  to  dispcrsa  Lee.  Color  deep  black,  surface  smooth 
and  shining. 

Elytral  sculpturing  consisting  of  stria;  of  coarser  punctures;  intervals 
with  a  single  series  of  similar  punctures  that  are  more  widely  spaced 
with  the  surface  slightly  rugose  laterally  and  on  the  apex,  where  the 
punctures  become  more  or  less  asperate  and  the  sculpturing  confused ; 
punctures  simple  on  the  dorsum. 

Sterna  and  abdomen  polished. 

Male  narrower  as  in  dispersa. 

Female  broader  and  rather  less  elongate. 

Length  (types)  30-28  mm.;  width  10-11  mm. 

Holotype,  female.  No.  1814,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
by  C.  D.  Duncan,  July  12,  1921,  at  Alpine,  Texas.  Allotype, 
male,  collected  by  C.  D.  Duncan,  July  9,  1921,  on  Livermore 
Peak,  Davis  Mountains,  Texas. 

In  the  form  deleta  Lee.  the  elytral  sulci  are  obsolete,  except 
at  the  sides  behind  the  middle,  where  some  faint  traces  of  them 
are  seen ;  the  punctures  are  submuricate  and  arranged  in  strise, 
distinct  on  the  dorsum,  but  confused  at  the  sides ;  betw^een  the 
rows  are  distinct  punctures  as  in  obscura  Say;  posteriorly 
abruptly  declivous  and  furnished  with  rows  of  tubercles,  alter- 

September  18,   1925 


384  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIES^CES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

nately  large  and  small.  In  arata  Lee.  the  elytral  sulci  are 
deeper  than  in  siilcipennis  Mann,  and  therefore  quite  different 
from  glahriuscula. 

13.     Eleodes  hispilabris  connexa  Lee. 

This  subspecies  was  unknown  to  me  in  nature  when  my 
monograph  was  written.  A  couple  of  years  ago  a  pair  of  spe- 
cimens collected  at  Albuquerque,  New  Mexico,  came  into  my 
possession.  Both  sexes  are  narrower  than  in  hispilabris  Say, 
and  the  integuments  are  denser.  Le  Conte's  description  very 
correctly  defines  the  subspecific  characteristics :  "Elongate, 
black  and  bright,  thorax  moderately  punctulate  with  sides 
rounded,  anterior  angles  acute  and  slightly  prominent;  basal 
angles  obtuse.  Elytra  elongate  oval,  intervals  subconvex  and 
more  or  less  rugose,  subacute  posteriorly."  Type  locality, 
Prairie  Paso,  Texas.     It  is  a  distinct  subspecies. 

14.     Eleodes  hispilabris  nupta  Say 

This  variety  of  hispilabris  Say  was  first  described  from  spe- 
cimens taken  at  Laredo  to  Ringhold  Barracks,  Texas.  It  is 
less  elongate,  more  robust  and  the  elytra  are  more  or  less  in- 
flated, sometimes  markedly  so.  Many  specimens  are  more  or 
less  broadly  rufous  along  the  elytral  suture.  Nnpta  has  been 
heretofore  quite  rare,  not  many  specimens  having  been  col- 
lected in  recent  years. 

I  have  recently  received  the  loan  of  twenty- four  specimens 
from  the  entomological  collection  of  the  University  of  Kansas, 
through  the  kindness  of  Prof.  R.  H.  Beamer ;  also  seven  spe- 
cimens from  Mr.  Warren  Knaus  of  McPherson,  Kansas.  Both 
series  were  collected  on  the  sand  hills  about  Medora,  Kansas. 
Those  from  the  University  collection  were  taken  on  April  13th, 
1925,  with  the  exception  of  one  specimen  which  was  collected 
in  SheiTnan  County,  Kansas,  at  an  elevation  of  3600  feet  by 
Mr.  F.  X.  Williams.  The  latter  specimen  is  quite  identical 
with  one  in  my  own  collection  secured  at  Fort  Supply,  Okla- 
homa. Those  loaned  to  me  by  Mr.  Knaus  were  in  part  also 
collected  in  April,  on  the  25th,  the  others  on  September  17th, 
1916. 


Vol.  XI\]  BLAISDELL—THE  tenebrionid^  385 

A  pair  was  first  submitted  to  me  for  identification  and  I 
thought  that  they  represented  a  new  race  of  hispilabris  Say, 
until  I  saw  the  entire  series.  Niipta  Say  has  a  wider  distribu- 
tion than  was  at  first  beheved.  The  body  form  of  the  Kansas 
series  is  more  hke  that  of  the  females  of  the  carhonarux,  omissa 
and  quadricollis  sections  of  the  subgenus  Melaneleodes  Blais. 
The  small  prothorax,  shorter  and  broader,  and  the  more  or 
less  inflated  elytra  gives  quite  a  different  facies  from  that  of 
the  typical  hispilabris  Say. 

The  specimens  collected  in  September  are  more  decidedly 
red  along  the  suture  than  those  collected  in  April.  This  may 
be  due  to  a  somewhat  immature  condition  or  to  retardation 
and  alteration  in  the  chemical  constitution  of  the  pigment. 
The  darker  individuals  appear  to  have  firmer  integuments. 


15.     Eleodes  dentipes  montana  Blaisdell,  new  variety 

Form  and  color  of  dentipes.  Pronotum  very  finely  but  not  densely 
punctate.  Elytra  with  unimpressed  stria;  of  rather  coarse  and  closely 
placed  punctures,  with  single  interstitial  series  of  slightly  smaller  and 
rather  more  widely  spaced  punctures;  series  not  confused  laterally  or 
apically. 

Length  (types)  24-23  mm.;  width  8.1-9.2  mm. 

Holotype,  female,  and  allotype,  male,  in  my  collection.  Col- 
lected in  the  Santa  Cruz  Mountains,  near  Mt.  Hermon,  Santa 
Cruz  County,  California,  on  July  20,  1922. 

In  dentipes  Esch.  the  pronotal  punctuation  is  a  little  coarser 
and  that  of  the  elytra  finer  and  confused  laterally  and  apically. 
In  confinis  Blais.  the  punctuation  is  still  finer  and  the  sides  of 
the  pronotum  are  straight  posteriorly  and  not  in  the  least  sinu- 
ate before  the  basal  angles.  In  perpunctata  Blais.  the  form  is 
more  elongate,  the  punctuation  variable  and  the  sides  of  the 
pronotal  disk  are  impressed,  dull  and  granulate  within  the 
bead.  Dentipes  and  montana  have  the  pronotal  disk  glabrous 
and  transversely  convex  from  bead  to  bead.  Tidarensis  is 
more  alutaceous,  the  legs  and  antennae  are  slender  and  the 


3g^  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

elytra  are  oval,  the  humeri  being  obsolete.  In  the  race 
marincu  Blais,  the  elytral  punctures  are  diffuse  and  of  equal 
size  throughout  and  the  form  is  rather  more  robust. 

16.     Eleodes  dentipes  tularensis  Blaisdell,  new  subspecies 

Form  elongate,  subfusiform  oval.  Color  black,  luster  rather  dull. 

Head  about  a  third  wider  than  long,  feebly  convex  and  with  very  shal- 
low impressions  within  the  antennal  convexities ;  finely  and  sparsely  sub- 
asperately  punctate,  punctures  rather  dense  laterally  and  on  the  epistoma. 
Antennae  rather  long,  moderately  slender,  last  three  or  four  joints  slightly 
wider. 

Pronotum  about  a  seventh  wider  than  long,  base  quite  equal  to  the  apex, 
the  latter  feebly  emarginate  in  circular  arc,  finely  or  obsoletely  beaded; 
base  feebly  arcuate  and  finely  beaded ;  sides  broadly  and  rather  moder- 
ately arcuate,  briefly  sinuate  before  the  basal  angles  which  are  distinct 
but  feeble;  apical  angles  small,  dentiform  and  more  or  less  everted; 
disk  rather  evenly  and  moderately  convex,  finely  and  sparsely  punctate, 
scarcely  denser  laterally,  not  impressed  along  the  margin  but  narrowly 
opaque  with  granulate  punctures,  marginal  bead  fine,  rather  thin  and  very 
feebly  reflexed.  Propleura  sparsely,  rather  finely,  subasperately  punctate 
with  scattered  rugulse. 

Elytra  fusiform-oval  to  oval.  Base  equal  to  the  pronotal  base,  trun- 
cate to  feebly  bisinuate ;  humeri  very  small  or  absent ;  sides  quite  evenly 
arcuate,  rather  narrowly  rounded  at  apex ;  disk  moderately  arcuate,  more 
strongly  rounded  laterally,  rather  obliquely  declivous  apically ;  evenly  and 
sparsely  punctate,  punctures  equal  in  size,  arranged  serially  in  the  central 
area,  and  closely  placed  in  the  series,  interstitial  punctures  rather  widely 
spaced,  all  becoming  confused  laterally  and  on  the  apex  where  they  are 
minutely  muricate,  with  the  prickles  discernible. 

Parapleura  finely  and  more  thickly  punctate.  Abdomen  sparsely  punc- 
tate, punctures  finely  subasperate.   Legs  rather  long  and  noticeably  slender. 

Male :  Narrower  and  fusiform  oval  in  form.  Abdomen  nearly  on  a 
plane  with  the  sterna,  very  moderately  convex  and  just  noticeably  flat- 
tened along  the  middle. 

Female :  Broader,  elytra  more  oval.  Abdomen  a  little  more  convex. 
Legs  less  slender. 

Male,  length   15.5  mm.,  width  8  mm.;  female,  length   14 
mm.,  width  9  mm. 

Type  locality:    Northfork,  Fresno  County,  California.    Col- 
lected by  Mr.  Henry  Dietrich  on  March  4,  1920. 


\'0L.  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE   TENEBRIONWJE  337 

Holotype,  female,  and  allotype,  male  in  my  collection;  para- 
fvpcs  in  Mr.  Dietrich's  and  my  own  collection.  A  female  para- 
type  has  been  placed  in  the  collection  of  the  California  Academy 
of  Sciences  by  Mr.  Dietrich.  A  series  of  twelve  specimens 
have  been  studied. 

The  salient  characteristics  of  titlarensis  are  the  absence  of 
humeri  and  the  unusually  slender  legs.  The  anterior  femora 
have  a  small  triangular  tooth  at  about  the  outer  fourth.  Con- 
finis  Blais.  is  found  in  the  foothills  on  the  west  slope  of  the 
Sierras  and  coast  range  foothills  as  well,  and  is  a  robust  race 
with  the  pronotal  sides  without  basal  sinuations.  Perpunctafa 
Blais.  is  a  larger  and  more  elongate  race,  legs  long  and  stout, 
sides  of  the  pronotal  disk  noticeably  impressed  along  the  lat- 
eral margins ;  the  latter  character  being  entirely  absent  in 
fularnisis.  Marines  Blais.,  a  stouter  more  compact  race  found 
in  Marin  County,  California,  has  the  elytral  punctuation  dis- 
tinct, the  punctures  diffuse  and  of  equal  strength  throughout. 

17.     Eleodes  parvicollis  alticola  Blaisdell,  new  variety 

In  form  similar  to  trita,  but  less  opaque  and  more  finely 
punctured.  Oblong-ovate,  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as 
wide.  Head  finely  punctate,  the  punctures  slightly  denser  at 
the  periphery. 

Pronotum  about  a  fifth  wider  than  long;  finely  and  not  very  closely 
punctate,  punctures  slightly  larger  and  somewhat  granulate  laterally  in 
the  marginal  area,  where  the  disk  is  very  feebly  impressed ;  apex,  sides, 
base  and  angles  as  in  producta.  Propleura  rather  sparsely  granulato- 
punctate,  more  or  less  rugulose  on  the  coxal  convexities. 

Elytra  less  elongate  than  in  producta  and  planata,  about  a  third  longer 
than  wide;  base  truncate,  wider  than  the  pronotal  base;  sides  moderately 
arcuate,  apex  obtusely  and  somewhat  narrowly  rounded ;  disk  somewhat 
flattened,  but  moderately  convex,  less  so  in  basal  fourth,  obliquely  and 
arcuately  declivous  posteriorly;  surface  not  eroded,  moderately  densely 
punctate,  punctures  slightly  muricato-granulate,  laterally  and  apically. 

Prosternum  rather  densely  punctate,  elsewhere  the  punctures  are  more 
widely  separated  and  not  coarse.  Abdomen  densely  and  not  very  finely 
granulato-punctate  on  the  first  and  second  segments,  less  so  on  the  third, 
fourth  and  fifth  finely  and  sparsely  punctate.  Legs  moderately  stout. 
Sexual  differences  as  in  trita. 


3g8  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Length  (types)  14-14.5  mm.;  width  6.5-7  mm. 
Types,  male  and  female,  in  my  collection. 

Type  locality:  Piute  Mountain,  Kern  County,  California; 
collected  May  29th,  1913.  Many  specimens  have  been  iden- 
tified. 

Alticola  is  more  shining  and  less  coarsely  punctate  than 
trita  Blais.  although  similar  in  form.  Plaiiata  Esch.  is  more 
elongate  and  there  is  greater  difference  in  body  form  between 
the  sexes,  besides  it  inhabits  a  different  geographical  region — 
the  oak  groves  of  the  great  valleys,  while  trita  and  alticola 
are  found  at  higher  altitudes  in  the  mountains.  Constricta  Lee. 
is  more  strongly  and  coarsely  punctate,  with  the  elytra  more 
depressed  on  the  disk  and  the  basal  constriction  of  the  pro- 
notum  is  stronger  and  more  abrupt,  with  the  sides  perfectly 
straight  and  parallel  before  the  basal  angles;  in  alticola  the 
sinuations  are  more  gradually  formed  and  the  sides  not  par- 
allel. 


18.     Eleodes  manni  dilaticollis  Blaisdell,  new  variety 

Form  oblong-oval,  less  than  twice  as  long  as  wide,  more  robust  and  less 
elongate  than  manni  Blais.    Color  deep  black. 

Head  more  transverse  and  the  antennae  rather  shorter  than  in  nwnni. 
Pronotum  distinctly  more  transverse  than  in  the  latter  species  and  more 
strongly  and  a  little  more  coarsely,  closely  punctate.  Elytra  more  broadly 
oval,  humeri  more  or  less  distinct,  disk  more  noticeably  muricately  punc- 
tate laterally  and  about  the  apex.  Otherwise  as  in  manni. 

Length  (types)  13-15.5  mm.;  width  5.6-7.6  mm. 

Holotype,  female,  and  allotype,  male,  and  paratypes  in  my 
collection.  Mr.  M.  C.  Lane  of  Ritzville,  Washington,  also  pos- 
sesses paratypes  and  collected  the  types  at  Sprague,  Washing- 
ton, on  May  15,  and  June  19,  1921;  other  specimens  were 
secured  at  Lake  McElroy,  Paha,  Washington,  on  May  24th. 
In  the  types  the  humeri  are  distinct.  A  considerable  series 
has  been  studied  and  the  differential  characters  have  been 
found  constant. 


Vol.  XIV]  BLAISDELL—THE  TENEBRIOMID^  389 

In  parvicollis  Esch.  and  its  races  the  pronotal  punctures  are 
smaller  and  more  distinctly  separated.  In  manni  var.  variolosa 
Blais,  the  elytra  are  more  coarsely  and  subrugosely  sculp- 
tured, a  character  resembling  that  observed  in  cordata  Esch. ; 
the  pronotum  is  less  transverse  and  subequal  in  the  sexes.  In 
dilaticollis  the  pronotum  is  much  more  transverse  in  the  female. 
In  horni  Blais.  and  its  race  monticola  Blais.  the  sculpturing  is 
finer,  legs  more  slender  and  the  surface  luster  more  opaque. 
As  a  rule  manni  and  its  race  dilaticollis  have  the  pronotal  sides 
less  abruptly  sinuate  at  base  than  is  found  in  parvicollis  and 
its  races.  These  characters  are  maintained  in  larger  series. 
Sierra  Blais.  is  more  alutaceous,  elytra  more  parallel  with  the 
humeri  more  or  less  distinct. 


19.     Eleodes  nigrina  difformis  Blaisdell,  new  subspecies 

Form  and  size  variable,  more  robust  than  typical  nigrtna  Lee,  mimic- 
ing  omissa  Lee. ;  the  males  less  elongate.  Color  black,  luster  more  or  less 
moderately  shining.  Sculpturing  as  in  nigrina.  Comparative  stoutness 
of  appendages  variable. 

Male :  Less  elongate  and  broader,  differing  but  little  from  the  female 
in   form. 

Female:  Broader  on  the  average  than  the  female  of  ttigrina;  pronotum 
quadrate  to  a  fourth  wider  than  long. 

Length  (types)  20-20.5  mm.;  width  8-9  mm.  Variations  in 
size;  largest  female,  length  23  mm.,  width  9.5  mm.;  smallest 
female,  length  15  mm.,  width  6  mm. 

Holotype,  female,  and  allotype,  male,  in  my  collection.  Para- 
types  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  M.  C.  Lane.  Ritzville.  Wash- 
ington, and  in  my  own.  The  types  were  collected  at  Lind, 
Washington,  on  April  10,  1920. 

I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Lane  for  a  generous  series  showing 
the  remarkable  variation  in  body  fonn  and  size.  Most  of  these 
specimens  were  taken  in  the  vicinity  of  Ritzville,  in  September 
and  October,  1921. 

Large  series  of  nigrina  Lee.  show  an  adherence  to  a  uni- 
form body  form,  and  the  individuals  are  more  elongate  and 
duller  in  luster,  while  the  race  perlonga  Blais.  is  more  elongate, 
polished  and  shining.  Schivarzi  Blais.  has  a  differently  formed 


390  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

pronotiim  and  is  on  the  whole  more  robust  as  regards  the 
dorso-ventral  thickness  of  the  body.  Nevadensis  Blais.  is  more 
slender,  very  dull  and  alutaceous  in  surface  luster. 

Neobaphion  Blaisdell,  new  genus 

This  genus  is  proposed  to  receive  Eleodes  planipenms  Lee. 
The  genital  characters  are  embaphionoid  and  the  body  form 
that  of  an  Eleodes.  It  is  therefore  to  be  placed  between  Eleodes 
Esch.  and  Embaphion  Say.  in  our  lists.  Since  the  Monograph 
on  the  Eleodiini  (Bull.  63,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.)  was  written,  at 
least  three  new  species  have  been  studied,  unfortunately  as 
uniques,  but  all  referable  to  the  genus  as  given  above.  For 
further  data  consult  the  above  cited  monograph. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF    THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  17,  pp.  391-425  September  24,  1925 


XVII 

NEW  HEMIPTERA  FROM  WESTERN  NORTH 

AMERICA 

BY 

EDWARD  P.  VAN  DUZEE 
Curator,  Department  of  Entomology 

The  present  paper  contains  the  descriptions  of  41  new  spe- 
cies and  subspecies  of  western  Hemiptera.  In  great  part  these 
represent  species  that  have  accumulated  through  the  field 
work  of  the  curator  of  the  department  of  entomology,  in  Cali- 
fornia and  neighboring  states.  Their  study  has  been  inciden- 
tal to  the  determination  of  the  Hemiptera  in  the  collection  of 
the  Academy,  during  the  past  five  years,  and  are  now  pub- 
lished so  the  names  can  be  used  in  work  now  in  progress  on 
our  interesting  western  insect  fauna. 

1.     Vanduzeeina  calif ornica  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Larger  and  less  hairy  than  balli  with  a  longer  and  more 
parallel  head ;  testaceous  brown,  closely  fuscopunctate,  apex 
of  scutellum  with  an  oblong  pale  spot.    Length  6-7  mm. 

Head  as  wide  between  the  eyes  as  long,  but  slightly  narrowed  apically, 
sides  nearly  rectilinear ;  cheeks  shorter  than  tylus,  their  surface  depressed 
next  the  prominent  median  portion  of  the  tylus,  their  apex  roundedly 
truncate ;  bucculae  high  and  subacutely  angled  as  in  balli.  Sides  of  pro- 
notum  distinctly  sinuate  anteriorly,  the  anterior  angles  prominent ;  in 
balli  nearly  rectilinear  or  very  feebly  arcuated ;  transverse  median  impres- 

September  24,    1925 


392  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

sion  feeble.  Upper  surface  less  convex  transversely  than  in  halli.  Punc- 
tures on  venter  hardly  as  close  as  on  dorsum,  the  median  line  smooth. 
Vestiture  short,  gray.  Rostrum  attaining  apex  of  second  ventral  segment. 
Color  soiled  testaceous  brown,  closely  fuscopunctate,  the  head,  pro- 
notum  and  connexivum  more  or  less  tinged  with  rufous ;  lower  surface 
of  head  and  sides  of  pectus  nearly  black;  apex  of  scutellum  with  an 
oblong  pale  spot,  rounded  anteriorly  and  widened  on  hind  margin,  spar- 
ingly fuscopunctate  and  often  outlined  with  fuscous ;  dorsum  sometimes 
with  a  slender  median  white  line  more  or  less  complete ;  pronotum 
usually  with  a  pale  point  either  side  before  the  black  annular  callosities ; 
expanded  anterior  angles  pale ;  connexivum  annulate  at  base  of  each 
segment.  Antennae  fuscous,  the  incisures  pale.  Legs  fuscous,  the  knees 
and  tarsi  pale. 

Described  from  four  male  and  three  female  specimens  taken 
at  Cisco,  Calif.,  July,  1911,  by  Dr.  Charles  von  Geldern  and 
one  taken  by  Dr.  E.  C.  Van  Dyke  in  Yosemite  Valley  Park, 
June  26,  1921. 

The  larger  size,  short  sparse  vestiture,  sinuated  pronotal 
margins,  more  parallel  head  and  pale  apical  spot  on  scutellum 
will  distinguish  this  species.  As  in  allied  scutellerids  the  male 
is  more  uniform  in  coloration  with  the  pale  markings  more  or 
less  obsolete. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1748,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1749,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  in  July,  1911,  by  Dr.  Chas.  von 
Geldern,  at  Cisco,  Calif. 

2.     Vanduzeeina  borealis  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Differs  from  californica  in  being  larger,  in  having  the 
cheeks  more  convex  with  their  margins  more  acute  and  over- 
hanging, and  the  disk  of  the  pronotum  more  feebly,  trans- 
versely impressed.  The  specimens  at  hand,  two  females, 
show  a  more  distinct  percurrent  pale  median  carina  above  and 
the  apical  pale  spot  on  the  scutellum  is  scarcely  indicated  and 
is  more  triangular  in  form.  Anterior  pronotal  angles  more 
rounded,  the  humeral  angles  bounded  by  deeper  depressions. 
Length  7.5-8  mm. 

Described  from  two  females,  one  taken  by  Mr.  Wheeler  at 
Emerald  Lake,  B.  C,  August  15,  1915.  the  other  from  Golden, 


Vol.  XIV]  VAN  DUZEE—NEW  HEMIPTERA  393 

B.  C.     This  should  perhaps  be  considered  as  a  subspecies  of 
calif ornica  but  it  has  the  aspect  of  a  distinct  species. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1750,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected 
August  15,  1915,  at  Emerald  Lake,  B.  C.  Allotype  in  author's 
collection. 


3.     Margus  repletus  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Size  and  aspect  of  ohscurator  Fabr.,  but  with  legs  and  an- 
tennae more  robust,  surface  more  strongly  dotted  with  fuscous, 
tylus  more  rounded  and  less  prominent  and  the  spines  of  the 
antenniferous  tubercles  more  acute.     Length  8  mm. 

Head  a  little  longer  than  broad  across  the  eyes ;  ocelli  more  distant  than 
in  ohscurator,  obviously  nearer  the  eye  than  to  the  median  line;  tylus 
scarcely  exceeding  the  cheeks,  rounded,  not  compressed  and  prominent  as 
in  ohscurator.  Antennas  stout ;  segment  I  as  long  as  head  to  hind  margin 
of  eye,  one-fourth  as  wide  as  long,  strongly  narrowed  on  basal  third; 
segments  II  and  III  subequal  to  I,  IV  a  little  shorter  and  thicker  than  III ; 
tooth  on  antenniferous  tubercle  terete,  exceeding  the  tubercle  by  width 
of  segment  II.  Pronotum  narrower  than  in  ohscurator,  the  expanded  sides 
recurved,  anterior  angles  broader  and  more  obtuse ;  median  line  sub- 
carinate  behind  the  transverse  depression ;  nervures  of  membrane  stout, 
strongly  anastomosing  as  in  inconspicuns;  whole  upper  surface  strongly 
punctured,  each  puncture  with  a  short  golden  hair.  Rostrum  attaining 
anterior  line  of  intermediate  coxae.  Male  genital  segment  shorter,  vertical, 
broadly  sinuate  at  apex. 

Color  testaceous  gray,  tinged  with  yellowish  on  head  and  connexivum ; 
maculated  and  strongly  punctured  with  fuscous,  including  the  legs  and 
antennse,  the  connexivum  and  tibiae  alternated  with  darker  areas ;  beneath 
pale,  dotted  with  rufous  or  fuscous,  these  punctures  forming  a  row  on 
hind  edge  of  each  ventral  segment ;  vertex  showing  a  pale  median  mark 
at  base  and  two  raised  spots  either  side  of  base  of  tylus ;  tip  of  antennae 
rufescent. 

Described  from  one  male  taken  in  Palm  Cafion,  San  Jacinto 
Mts.,  Calif.,  at  2000  feet  elevation,  June  12,  1909,  by  Mr. 
Fordyce  Grinnell.  In  Stal's  key  this  runs  to  nigropunctatus 
but  differs  in  several  particulars. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1751,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
Fordyce  Grinnell  June  12,  1909,  in  Palm  Canon,  San  Jacinto 
Mts.,  California. 


394  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

4.     Cydamus  abditus  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Allied  to  fcmoralis  and  like  that  species  with  a  long  black- 
tipped  spine  at  each  humeral  angle  and  at  apex  of  scutellum; 
testaceous  yellow,  tergum,  membrane,  and  apical  segment  of 
antennce  castaneous  or  black.     Length  6-7  mm. 

Head  narrowed  behind  the  eyes,  as  long  there  as  half  the  width  of  the 
vertex  between  the  eyes;  cheeks  not  meeting  over  the  tylus.  Segment  I  of 
antennae  attaining  apex  of  head;  II  and  III  subequal;  IV  a  little  shorter 
than  II  and  III  together,  but  little  thinner  than  anterior  femora,  tapering 
to  either  end.  Rostrum  attaining  hind  coxae;  segment  I  much  thickened, 
reaching  posterior  line  of  eyes;  II  twice  longer  than  III  and  IV  together; 
III  one  half  of  IV.  Pronotum  oblong,  a  fourth  longer  than  wide,  together 
with  the  head  closely  punctate ;  a  broad  transverse  impunctate  area  covers 
the  callosities ;  humeral  spines  erect,  acute,  as  long  as  width  across  the 
ocelli.  Scutellum  narrow,  smooth,  with  a  marginal  row  of  punctures; 
apical  spine  erect,  as  long  as  the  humeral.  Elytra  coarsely  punctate, 
reaching  apex  of  third  abdominal  segment;  clavus  with  three  regular  rows 
of  punctures ;  corium  with  two  strong  veins,  the  areoles  edged  with  a 
row  of  coarse  punctures ;  membrane  a  mere  margin  to  the  oblique  apex 
of  the  corium.  Abdomen  smooth  and  polished.  Osteolar  canal  auriculate, 
prominent. 

Color  testaceous-yellow,  paler  beneath ;  membrane,  broad  vitta  on  ter- 
gum, genital  segment  and  humeral  and  scutellar  spines  black ;  eyes  and 
apical  segment  of  antennae  castaneous,  the  latter  paler  at  either  end; 
antennae  and  legs  faintly  punctate  with  dusky ;  tip  of  rostrum  black. 

Described  from  two  male  and  five  female  examples  taken  by 
me  from  under  stones  at  Nogales,  Arizona,  April  3,  1921.  In 
structural  characters  this  species  is  allied  to  femoralis  but  it  is 
very  distinct  otherwise. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1752,  and  allotype,  female.  No.  1753,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  April  3,  1921, 
at  Nogales,  Arizona. 

5.     Lygidea  essigi  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Closely  related  to  ohscura  Renter,  a  little  broader,  darker 
colored,  head  fuller  and  antennae  thicker.    Length  6  mm. 

Male:  Vertex  strongly  convex,  highly  polished,  basal  carina  slender, 
with  a  deep  depression  before  it,  median  line  very  feebly  impressed ; 
clypeus  less  prominent  than  in  obscura,  its  basal  incisure  shallow ;  eyes 


Vol.  XIV]  VAN  DUZEE—NEW  HEMIPTERA  395 

smaller  than  in  obscura.  Antennae  stouter;  segment  I  a  fifth  longer  than 
width  of  vertex ;  II  nearly  three  times  as  long  as  I  and  distinctly  more 
slender;  III  and  IV  together  more  than  half  of  II,  IV  a  third  of  III. 
Rostrum  reaching  on  to  base  of  hind  coxae.  Pronotum  broader  before  than 
in  obscura,  the  rounded  anterior  angles  attaining  outer  third  of  eyes ;  trans- 
versely depressed  behind  the  prominent  polished  callosities;  sides  slightly 
concave,  hind  margin  distinctly  emarginate ;  surface  behind  the  transverse 
impressed  line  closely  deeply  punctate ;  elytra  distinctly  widened  to  near 
apex  of  corium,  parallel  in  obscura.  Sinistral  clasper  much  as  in  obscura, 
stouter,  dorsal  member  longer  and  more  curved,  ventral  member  meeting 
the  dextral  clasper  in  an  almost  straight  line,  not  at  an  angle  as  in  the 
related  species. 

Color  black;  cheeks,  except  at  base,  a  very  obscure  median  line  on 
vertex,  a  broader  one  on  posterior  lobe  of  pronotum,  collum  and  cuneus, 
except  at  apex,  pale  yellowish ;  vestiture  pale,  rather  conspicuous  on 
scutellum  and  elytra;  membrane  deep  smoky  and  a  pale  annulus  at  apex 
of  areole ;  legs  and  beneath  pale  yellow  with  a  broad  black  vitta  either 
side,  covering  most  of  the  genital  segment;  apex  of  femora  and  tips  of 
tibi.e  fuscous,  the  tarsi  mostly  black;  antennae  black;  rostrum  mostly  pale. 
Described   from  the   unique  type. 

It  is  impossible  to  identify  this  with  Lygidea  morio  Rent.,  a 
species  still  unknown  to  me  in  nature. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1754,  Mtis.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
Prof.  E.  O.  Essig,  May  19,  1922,  at  Los  Altos,  Santa  Clara  Co., 
California. 


6.     Camptobrochis  slevini  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Size  and  aspect  of  rnUvcntris  Knight  but  belonging  to  his 
group  II  having  the  scutellum  punctate  and  the  arolia  without 
a  deep  cleft.  Apparently  allied  to  atriventris  Knight  but  dif- 
fering in  many  respects;  deep  black,  cuneus  red,  head  and 
scutellum  opaque,  rugose-punctate.    Length  5  mm. 

Male:  Head  one-half  as  wide  as  base  of  pronotum;  closely  rastrate- 
punctate  and  opaque,  with  sparse  white  hairs.  Segment  I  of  antennae 
much  exceeding  the  head,  II  stout,  two  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  I; 
III  and  IV  wanting  in  type.  Pronotum  with  coarse  shallow  punctures ; 
hind  margin  broadly  emarginate,  the  humeri  scarcely  retreating;  sides 
ecarinate.  Scutellum  flattish,  opaque,  closely  rugose-punctate  including 
the  basal  lobe.  Elytra  closely,  finely  punctate,  the  embolium  confined  to 
basal     third     and    scarcely    reflexed  ;    cuneus    closely    rugose-subpunctate. 


396  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Rostrum  attaining  apex  of  hind  coxse;  mesosternum  and  pleura?  in  part 
opaque.  Sinistral  notch  of  male  genital  segment  rounded,  the  sinistral 
clasper  broad,  flattened  and  rugose,  its  apex  becoming  terete  and  curved 
under  around  apex  of  segment. 

Color  black,  moderately  polished ;  the  head,  collum  and  scutellum 
opaque  or  scarcely  shining;  base  of  vertex,  tip  of  scutellum,  middle  of 
tibiae  and  most  of  tarsi  testaceous;  thickened  inner  margin  of  corium 
beyond  tip  of  clavus  and  the  cuneus  red,  the  latter  with  basal  and  apical 
angles  blackish;  margin  of  acetabulae  and  osteolar  region  vvhitish.  De- 
scribed  from  the  unique  type. 

In  size,  form  and  coloring  this  species  recalls  Pocciloscytus 
venaticns.  It  is  somewhat  aberrant  in  this  genus  but  does  not 
better  fit  into  any  other. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1755,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
Mr.  L.  S.  Slevin,  September  18,  1920,  at  Carmel,  California. 
It  affords  me  pleasure  to  dedicate  this  species  to  its  discoverer. 


7.     Strongylocoris  unifcrmis  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Allied  to  rohiistns  Uhler,  but  with  the  legs  and  antennas 
entirely  black  and  wnth  different  male  genitalia.   Length  4  mm. 

Vertex  convex  and  highly  polished ;  clypeus  a  little  shorter  than  in 
rohustus;  antennae  a  little  shorter  and  more  robust.  Dextral  male  clasper 
forming  a  semicircle  vertically  but  without  lateral  curvature,  within 
widened  in  a  bluntly  rounded  lobe  at  basal  third,  and  at  distal  third 
armed  with  a  very  acute  tooth,  the  long  slender  apical  member  acute, 
becoming  castaneous  at  tip.  Sinistral  clasper  small,  slender,  its  acute  apex 
sharply  incurved  over  the  sedeagus. 

Color  deep  polished  black,  apical  half  of  the  antennae  becoming  fuscous, 
membrane  deep  fuliginous  toward  its  apex  with  a  paler  mark  at  apex  of 
cuneus.  Antennae  and  sides  of  pronotum  and  elytra  with  a  few  brown 
hairs. 

Described  from  two  males  and  eleven  females  taken  on  sage 
brush  at  Heber,  Utah,  July  5,  1922.  The  almost  uniform 
black  color  and  long,  acutely  produced  dextral  male  clasper 
will  distinguish  this  species. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1756,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1757,  taken 
by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  5,  1922,  at  Heber,  Utah. 


Vol.  XIV]  VAN  DUZEE—NEW  HEMIPTERA  397 

8.     Largidea  pudica  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

A  little  larger  than  fnarginata;  polished  luteous-brown, 
slightly  tinged  with  red,  the  cuneus  red ;  vertex,  mark  on  pro- 
notum  and  the  antennae  blackish.    Length  4.5  mm. 

Male :  Head  larger  with  the  eyes  more  prominent  than  in  marginata. 
Antennae  about  as  in  marginata;  segment  I  a  little  longer  than  the  vertex 
when  viewed  from  above ;  II  as  long  as  head  and  pronotum  together ; 
III  and  IV  slender,  together  nearly  one-half  of  II.  Pronotum  a  half 
wider  than  long,  more  convex  above  than  in  marginata,  the  sides  less 
strongly  carinate  and  nearly  rectilinear ;  hind  edge  more  broadly  exca- 
vated ;  surface  less  closely  punctured.  Scutellum  broader  and  more  convex 
with  the  sides  steep,  the  depressed  tip  acute ;  punctures  subobsolete.  Elytral 
punctures  larger,  more  distant  and  becoming  subobsolete.  Rostrum 
scarcely  surpassing  middle  of  mesosternum.  Surface  sparsely  clothed 
with  cinerous  appressed  hairs  which  become  denser  on  callosities  and 
vertex. 

Color  a  lurid  luteous-brown ;  apex  of  tylus  and  cheeks,  a  narrow  median 
cloud  or  two  crescentic  vittae  on  face,  region  of  callosities  and  basal  lobe 
of  scutellum  black;  antennae  reddish  fuscous,  the  base  of  segment  I 
clearer  red ;  hind  edge  of  pronotum  pallid ;  cuneus  red ;  membrane  faintly 
smoky,  the  veins  fuscous ;  legs  and  abdomen  in  part  reddish,  the  tarsi, 
rostrum  and  mesosternum  blackish. 

Described  from  two  males,  one  taken  by  me  at  Colestin, 
Oregon,  the  other  taken  by  Mr.  W.  M.  Giffard  at  Tallac,  Cali- 
fornia, August  22,  1916.  The  polished  surface  and  luteous- 
brown  color  gives  this  species  quite  a  different  aspect  from 
marginata. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1758,  Mus.  Cahf.  Acad.  Sci.,  taken  by  E.  P. 
Van  Duzee,  August  1,  1918,  at  Colestin,  Oregon.  Paratype  in 
collection  of  the  author. 


9.     Orthotylus  plucheae  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Allied  to  hamatus,  smaller  with  different  male  genitalia, 
base  of  tylus  with  a  dark  spot ;  pale  greenish,  tinged  with  yel- 
low, membrane  faintly  smoky,  segment  I  of  antennae  dusky  in 
male.     Length  4.5-5  mm. 

General  characters  essentially  those  of  hamatus,  the  pronotum  more 
convex  and  more  narrowed  before,  with  its  sides  distinctly  concavely 
arcuated.     Sinistral  male  clasper  terete,  reaching  but  about  half  way  to 


398  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

apex  of  genital  segment,  exceeded  by  the  brown  chitinized  spine-like 
ventral  member.  Dextral  clasper  ligulate,  curved  over  and  considerably 
passing  the  middle  of  the  segment,  its  truncate  apex  with  a  minute  sharp 
ventral  tooth,  its  dorsal  edge  notched  at  basal  third  and  armed  there  with 
a  short  parallel  tooth.  In  hamatiis  the  sinistral  clasper  is  much  larger 
and  more  slender  and  pointed,  and  the  dorsal  notch  of  the  dextral  clasper 
is  larger  with  a  longer  tooth.  Rostrum  attaining  hind  edge  of  meso- 
sternum. 

Color  pale  yellowish  green,  minutely  white-pubescent;  antennae  of  male 
dusky  with  the  inner  face  of  segment  I  pale ;  membrane  faintly  but  obvi- 
ously smoky,  with  pale  veins;  tip  of  tarsi  and  of  the  rostrum  black. 

Described  from  6  males  and  3  females  taken  on  Pluchea 
sericea  at  Potholes,  Imperial  Co.,  California,  April  13,  1923. 
This  is  very  close  to  hamatits  but  the  smaller  size  and  much 
less  developed  male  genitalia  would  seem  to  indicate  specific 
distinction. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1759,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  April  13,  1923,  at  Potholes,  California. 


10.     Orthotylus  demensus  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Size  and  aspect  of  languidus  but  with  thicker  antennae, 
shorter  pubescence  and  different  male  genitalia.   Length  5  mm. 

Male :  Head  as  long  as  in  languidtis.  Antennae  thicker ;  segment  I 
scarcely  as  long  as  distance  between  the  eyes;  II  three  times  as  long  as  I 
and  nearly  as  stout;  III  and  IV  wanting  on  material  before  me.  Pronotum 
21/2  times  as  wide  as  long,  sides  rectilinear  or  scarcely  concave  (in  lan- 
guidus fully  half  as  long  as  wide,  with  sides  concave).  .Elytra  parallel. 
Rostrum  not  attaining  intermediate  coxae.  Sinistral  clasper  transversely 
developed,  dorsal  member  attaining  upper  plane  of  segment,  broad,  sub- 
parallel,  rounded  at  apex ;  ventral  member  narrow,  acute,  produced  back- 
ward making  the  apical  line  of  the  clasper  oblique  and  nearly  rectilinear. 
Dextral  clasper  nearly  square,  the  dorsal  basal  angle  rounded,  the  dorsal 
apical  acutely  incurved.  Vestiture  soft  and  white  but  shorter  than  in 
languidus. 

Color  pale  yellowish  green  or  almost  whitish,  the  fuscous  mesonotum 
showing  through  the  pronotum ;  basal  lobe  of  scutellum  tinged  with  ful- 
vous ;  elytra  more  greenish,  the  veins  clear  pea-green,  areoles  sprinkled 
with  green  dots  at  base  of  the  hairs ;  membrane  very  slightly  enf  umed 
and  iridescent;  antennae  and  legs  yellowish,  tips  of  tarsi  black. 


\  OL.  XIV]  VAN  DUZEE—NEW  HEMIPTERA  2D9 

Type:  Male,  No.  1760,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
C.  A.  Hill,  July  8,  1917,  at  Prescott,  Arizona.  Paratypes,  two 
males,  same  data. 


11.     Orthotylus  cupressi  Van  Dtizee,  new  species 

Dusky  green  with  fulvous  scutellum;  surface  clothed  with 
rather  long-  black  hairs;  outer  half  of  membrane  deeply  infus- 
cated,  cut  by  a  white  spot  at  apex  of  areole.    Length  5  mm. 

Male :  Head  broad,  convex  above,  somewhat  obscuring  the  basal  carina ; 
clypeus  but  moderately  prominent.  Rostrum  attaining  apex  of  hind  coxae. 
Pronotum  short,  twice  wider  than  long,  regularly  arcuate  before.  Scutel- 
lum, large,  rather  convex.  Elytra  nearly  parallel,  the  costa  but  feebly 
arcuated.  Sinistral  clasper  developed  transversely  in  an  open  crescent, 
its  dorsal  member  about  twice  longer  than  its  basal  thickness,  acute  at 
apox ;  ventral  member  broadly  obliquely  truncate  at  apex,  its  upper  angle 
forming  a  short  curved  hook,  its  lower  curved  and  very  acute,  nearly 
attaining  the  base  of  the  dextral  clasper ;  the  latter,  also,  subcrescentic, 
its  ventral  member  ligulate  with  its  twisted  truncated  apex  at  median  line 
of  the  segment,  its  dorsal  member  forming  a  short  erect  acute  tooth. 

Color  a  dull,  almost  an  olive,  green,  paler  toward  the  costa,  the  tylus 
and  front  of  pronotum  tinged  with  yellow ;  cuneus  paler  with  a  whitish 
cloud  at  base ;  membrane  infuscated,  its  outer  half,  including  the  areoles, 
darker  with  a  pale  mark  at  apex  of  the  areole;  tergum  black;  beneath 
paler,  the  mesosternum  tinged  with  fulvous-brown ;  legs  and  antennae 
yellowish  green,  clothed  with  short  black  hairs ;  apical  two  segments  of 
antennae  infuscated,  the  tarsi  becoming  black  at  apex. 

Described  from  one  male  and  three  female  examples  taken 
by  me  on  Sargeant's  Cypress  growing  on  "Cypress  Ridge"  at 
Fairfax,  Marin  Co.,  Calif.,  April  30,  1922,  and  May  11,  1919. 
This  species  is  very  distinct  from  any  heretofore  described. 
Its  dark  green  color,  fulvous  scutellum,  heavy  black  vestiture 
and  infuscated  membrane  will  distinguish  it,  while  the  male 
claspers  are  unlike  those  of  any  other  species  known  to  me. 
It  has  slightly  the  aspect  of  an  Ilnocora  but  does  not  pertain  to 
that  genus. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1761,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  April  30,  1922,  at  Fairfax,  California. 


400  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

12.  Orthotylus  contrastus  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Form  and  aspect  somewhat  of  Teratocoris  discolor  Uhler. 
Large,  elongate-ovate;  black;  legs,  median  line  on  pronotum, 
and  elytra  whitish,  the  latter  with  a  large  fuscous  mark  on 
apex  of  corium.     Length  6  mm. 

Female :  Head  short,  polished ;  clypeus  unusually  prominent ;  antennae 
long;  segment  I  as  long  as  head  viewed  from  side;  II  four  times  as  long 
as  I ;  III  not  quite  one  half  of  II ;  IV  missing  in  type.  Pronotum  cam- 
panulate ;  sides  strongly  concave,  the  constriction  farther  back  than  in 
affinis;  callosities  convex,  polished ;  posterior  lobe  and  scutellum  minutely, 
transversely  rastrate-shagreened.    Elytra  widened  to  apex  of  corium. 

Color  dull  black;  head  and  callosities  polished;  apex  of  cheeks  and 
collum  ferruginous;  orbits  of  eyes  above,  median  vitta  on  posterior  lobe 
of  pronotum  and  elytra  obscure  whitish;  base  of  clavus  and  an  irregular 
spot  on  apex  of  corium  black,  the  latter  mark  extended  anteriorly  next 
the  costal  nervure  and  on  discal  areole,  outer  margin  of  clavus  dusky; 
cuneus  with  a  blackish  mark  on  inner  edge  near  apex ;  membrane  smoky ; 
paler  along  middle  and  at  apex  of  cuneus,  the  pale  nervures  margined 
with  darker;  rostrum,  except  apex,  legs  and  disk  of  venter  pale;  extreme 
base  and  apex  of  tibiae  and  the  tarsi  dusky.  Described  from  the  unique 
type. 

This  large  black  and  white  species  is  so  distinct  from  any 
other  described  form  it  seems  safe  to  found  the  species  upon 
a  unique  female. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1762,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  8,  1922,  on  Mt.  Timpanogos,  Utah,  at 
an  elevation  of  nearly  8,000  feet. 

13.  Parthenicus  brunneus  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

A  slender  testaceous-brown  species,  obscurely  irrorate  with 
sanguineous ;  membrane  deeply  infuscated,  with  paler  areoles. 
Length  4  mm. 

Male :  Vertex  rather  flat ;  clypeus  small  but  prominent  and  much  com- 
pressed; segment  I  of  antennae  a  little  longer  than  basal  width  of  vertex; 
II  tive  times  the  length  of  I ;  III  and  IV  together  equal  to  II.  Pronotum 
sca'-cely  twice  wider  than  long.  Elytra  narrow,  parallel,  the  costa 
scarcely  arcuated.  Legs  long  for  the  genus,  the  hind  femora  proportion- 
ately narrower ;  hind  tibia;  nearly  as  long  as  the  corium.  Male  claspers 
small  and  obscure. 


^'0L.  XIV]  VAN  DUZEE—NEW  HEMIPTERA  4QI 

Color  light  testaceous-brown,  sparsely  irrorate  with  irregular  sangui- 
neous blotches,  these  becoming  fuscous  dots  on  the  pronotum ;  head  and 
anterior  area  of  pronotum  yellowish,  obscurely  irrorate  with  red ;  region 
of  callosities  more  or  less  infuscated;  membrane  quite  deeply  infuscated, 
veins  dotted  with  red,  the  areoles  and  adjacent  spots  at  apex  of  cuncus 
paler ;  vestiture  consisting  of  black  scale-like  hairs  and  longer  pale  hairs 
along  costa,  on  sides  of  pronotum  and  on  vertex ;  antennae  paler  toward 
base ;  segment  I  with  a  brown  dot  near  base  beneath ;  pectoral  pieces  and 
coxse  without  irrorations ;  venter  irrorate  with  red ;  femora  irrorate  with 
brown,  the  posterior  more  closely  so ;  tibiae  with  large  brown  dots ;  tarsal 
claws  black. 

Described  from  two  male  and  three  female  examples  taken 
on  Baccharis.  The  large  eyes,  elongate  narrower  form  and 
long  hind  legs  would  ally  this  species  with  Argyrocoris  but  it 
is  certainly  a  Parthenicus.  The  larger  size,  darker  color,  black 
scale-like  vestiture,  dotted  hind  femora  and  red  dotting  on 
elytra  and  veins  of  membrane  will  distinguish  this  species  from 
haccharidis  Knight. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1763,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1764,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  September 
9,  1917,  at  Berkeley,  California.    Paratypes,  same  data. 


14.     Parthenicus  sabulosus  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Related  to  soror  but  allied  to  candidus  by  the  spotted  mem- 
brane ;  soiled  white  irrorate  with  croceous  or  brown ;  mem- 
brane coarsely,  conspicuously  dotted.    Length  3.5  mm. 

Male :  Head  broader  than  in  soror  with  smaller  eyes ;  pronotum  broader 
anteriorly ;  elytral  costa  feebly  arcuated.  Rostrum  reaching  well  on  to  the 
base  of  the  venter.  Claspers  larger  than  in  soror,  the  dextral  forming 
more  than  a  half  circle,  its  apex  elbowed  at  the  median  line  of  the  genital 
segment  with  its  incurved  tip  slender  and  very  acute. 

Color  whitish  tinged  with  yellow  on  the  head ;  pronotum  and  elytra 
sparsely  and  sometimes  obscurely  dotted  with  croceous  or  pale  san- 
guineous, these  dots  becoming  brownish  at  times ;  region  of  callosities 
and  base  of  scutellum  more  or  less  infuscated ;  membrane  white,  coarsely 
and  sparsely  dotted  with  fuscous,  with  two  marginal  clouds  beyond  apex 
of  cuneus;  beneath  sparsely  dotted  with  sanguineous  with  a  lateral  fus- 
cous vitta  on  venter ;  antennae  slightly  darker  at  apex  ;  segment  I  with  a 
faint  subapical  annulus ;  femora  minutely  dotted  with  fuscous  beyond 
the  middle,  the  posterior  more  heavily  so,  forming  a  fuscous  cloud  there 


402  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

which  omits  the  tip ;  vestiture  silvery,  becoming  golden  along  claval 
suture,  on  cuneus  and  about  callosities;  a  tuft  of  black  scales  at  apex  of 
clavus  and  two  more  on  apical  margin  of  cuneus. 

Described  from  two  males  and  11  females  taken  on  Arte- 
mesia.  This  species,  with  aridits  Knight  and  canescens  Van 
D.,  have  coarsely  dotted  white  membranes. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1765,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1766,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  1,  1922, 
at  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.   Paratypes,  same  data. 


15.     Parthenicus  pallidicollis  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Closely  allied  to  picicollis  Van  D.  but  paler  in  color  with  the 
pronotum  mostly  whitish ;  largely  sanguineous  with  the  hind 
femora  and  scutellum  darker  and  the  pronotum  pale.  Length 
4.5  mm. 

Male :  Vertex  broader  and  fuller  with  the  eyes  smaller  than  in  pici- 
collis; segment  II  of  antennae  slightly  longer  than  basal  width  of  prono- 
tum, the  latter  obviously  longer  with  the  sides  less  oblique  than  in  pici- 
collis. Elytral  costa  distinctly  arcuated,  in  picicollis  essentially  straight. 
Claspers  about  as  in  picicollis,  the  subapical  ventral  tooth  of  the  dextral 
less  prominent. 

Color  above  soiled  creamy  white,  the  elytra  more  or  less  washed  or 
blotched  and  irrorate  with  sanguineous,  more  conspicuously  so  on  base 
of  cerium  and  on  the  cuneus,  inner  angle  of  corium  with  a  pale  fuscous 
cloud  more  or  less  distinct ;  clypeus,  cheeks  and  arcs  of  front  more  or 
less  sanguineous ;  antennae  pale,  segment  I  tinged  with  red ;  pronotum 
pale  or  lurid,  more  or  less  irrorate  with  red  about  the  borders,  becoming 
piceous-red  on  sides  inf  eriorly  and  sometimes  across  the  callosities ;  scu- 
tellum dark  piceous-red;  membrane  deeply  infuscated  as  in  picicollis 
but  with  a  distinct  pale  lunule  at  apex  of  cuneus  which  is  only  indicated 
in  its  ally,  veins  red,  usually  with  a  white  mark  at  apex  of  larger  areole; 
beneath  and  hind  femora  piceous-red,  more  or  less  irrorate  with  pale ; 
tibiae  pale  with  rather  large  red  dots ;  antennae  pale,  segment  I  red,  pale 
at  apex.  III  and  IV  slightly  infuscated;  coxae  and  rostrum  infuscated; 
vestiture  of  short  golden  scales  and  longer  pale  hairs  on  head,  sides  of 
pronotum  and  base  of  costa.  Described  from  30  examples  representing 
both  sexes. 

This  species  may  be  distinguished  from  rubromaculosus 
Knight  (1925)  by  the  larger  size,  deep  red  scutellum  sides  of 


Vol.  XIV]  VAN  DU ZEE— NEW  HEMIPTERA  403 

pronotum  and  hind  femora,  and  the  pale  fuscous  color  on  inner 
field  of  corium. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1767,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1768,  Mas. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  23,  1918, 
at  McCloud,  Siskiyou  Co.,  California.   Paratypes,  same  data. 

16.     Parthenicus  discalis  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Near  covillccu  Van  D.,  and  running  to  that  species  in  my 
key  of  1918;  antennas  longer,  lower  surface  and  femora 
sanguineous.    Length  3.75  mm. 

Head  about  as  in  picicollis,  distinctly  more  produced  than  in  covillece, 
its  length  beyond  the  eye  about  equal  to  the  length  of  the  eye ;  antennae 
distinctly  longer  than  in  covillee,  as  long  as  the  elytra  to  tip  of  cuneus; 
segment  II  five  times  the  length  of  I. 

Color  pale  croceous ;  apex  of  head,  segment  I  of  antennae,  its  extreme 
tip  excepted,  deflexed  sides  of  pronotum,  scutellum  and  femora  except 
ai  base,  dark  sanguineous ;  base  of  elytra,  a  cloud  on  inner  angle  of  corium 
touching  apex  of  clavus  and  extended  down  the  commissure  to  base  of 
membrane,  cuneus  and  beneath,  lighter  sanguineous  or  slightly  irrorate 
with  pale;  sternum,  coxae  and  rostrum  pale;  tibise  and  tarsi  pale,  the 
former  with  a  few  sanguineous  dots;  claws  black;  membrace  deep  fus- 
cous with  an  obvious  pale  lunule  at  apex  of  cuneus,  the  veins  san- 
guineous ;  antennae,  except  segment  I,  whitish  scarcely  dotted  with  red ;  IV 

somewhat  infuscated ;  pale  surface  above  showing  no  red  irrorations. 

« 

Described  from  three  females.  These  specimens  are  with- 
out a  hairy  vestiture. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1769,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  October  18,  1917,  on  Mt.  Wilson,  California. 
Paratypes,  same  data. 


17.     Parthenicus  grex  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Allied  to  psall aides  and  junipcri,  larger,  testaceous-yellow, 
the  elytral  pigment  coagulated  in  spots  and  varied  with  small 
sanguineous  blotches;  membrane  slightly  enfumed,  with  a 
darker  spot  beyond  the  cuneus.     Length  4.5  mm. 

Macropterous  male :    Head  broadly  convex  across  vertex,  the  impres- 
sion at  base  of  clypeus  not  as  deep  as  in  the  allied  species;  clypeus  com- 


404  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

pressed  and  subacute  at  tip.  Antennae  long;  segment  I  surpassing  clypeus 
by  a  third  its  length,  linear;  II  three  times  I;  III  and  IV  together  equal 
to  II.  Rostrum  reaching  to  middle  of  venter.  Pronotum  but  slightly 
convex,  trapezoidal,  sides  straight,  anterior  margin  one  half  the  posterior. 
Elytral  costa  gently  arcuated;  surface  clothed  with  short  golden  pubes- 
cence intermixed  with  a  feW  black  hairs  across  apex  of  corium,  on  inner 
margin  of  cuneus  and  at  apex  of  clavus;  costa  and  pronotal  margins 
with  longer  golden  hairs ;  vertex  and  pronotum  anteriorly  with  a  few 
silvery  scale-like  hairs.  Claspers  large ;  sinistral  subterete,  curved  about 
the  margin  of  the  segment,  abruptly  slender,  acuminate  and  incurved 
beyond  the  middle ;  dextral  slender,  curved,  abruptly  oblique  and  acumi- 
nate at  tip;  both  fringed  above  with  long  pale  straight  hairs. 

Color  testaceous-yellow,  more  or  less  tinged  with  croceous,  especially 
on  head  and  hind  femora,  the  color  on  the  elytra  apparently  coagulated ; 
the  elytra  dotted  with  irregular  sanguineous  blotches  and  points  which 
may  be  mostly  absent,  but  are  more  persistent  along  costa ;  membrane 
faintly  enfumed  with  a  darker  cloud  beyond  tip  of  cuneus  and  a  fainter 
one  at  apex ;  veins  yellowish  with  a  few  sanguineous  points ;  antennae 
pale,  subinfuscated  at  apex;  beneath  paler;  tip  of  rostrum  and  tarsal 
claws  black;  hind  tibiae  with  obscure  sanguineous  points,  eyes  red. 

Described  from  three  males  and  four  females.  Three  of  the 
latter  are  brachypterous,  being  broad-oval,  with  membrane 
scarcely  exceeding  apex  of  cuneus. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1770,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  August  21,  1919,  at  Stockton,  California. 
Paratypes,  same  data. 


18.     Cixius  vandykei  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Allied  to  hasalis,  distinguished  by  its  broader  and  more 
setose  elytra,  narrower  vertex  and  different  male  genitalia. 
Length  5-6  mm. 

Head  more  produced  than  in  basalts;  vertex  nearly  as  long  on  its 
median  line  as  wide  at  base,  (in  basalis  scarcely  one  half  as  long  as  wide), 
at  apex  subacutely  angled ;  apical  compartments  narrower,  their  outer 
angles  more  produced  posteriorly;  base  of  vertex  more  deeply  elliptically 
excavated.  Pronotum  narrower  and  more  produced  before,  its  hind  mar- 
gin more  deeply,  acutely  excavated ;  lateral  carinae  of  mesonotum  more 
distant  and  outwardly  arcuate  than  in  basalis.  Elytra  shorter  and  broader, 
with  the  costa  strongly  and  almost  regularly  arcuate;  inner  sector  (radial 
vein)  forked  a  little  farther  from  base  than  in  basalis,  all  veins  heavily 
dotted,  with  longer  black  setae.  Front  more  narrowed  at  base,  with  the  sides 


Vol.  XIV]  VAN  DU ZEE— NEW  HEMIPTERA  405 

straight  nearly  to  apical  angles.  Expanded  apex  of  male  plates  longer 
and  more  rounded ;  anal  teeth  of  pygofer  short,  more  divergent,  not  long 
and  parallel  as  in  ba^alis. 

Color  paler,  testaceous-yellow,  clouded  with  piceous-brown  or  fulvous- 
brown  on  head  and  thorax ;  front  and  clypeus  quite  uniformly  brownish, 
the  carinae  paler,  the  lateral  with  small  pale  spots  at  apex  of  front ; 
elytra  hyaline,  feebly  milky  white,  veins  strongly  dotted  with  fuscous  and 
more  or  less  marked  with  the  same  color  in  the  female,  mostly  in  the 
form  of  a  large  discal  spot,  sometimes  forming  a  longitudinal  cloud  on 
clavus  which  may  cover  more  or  less  of  the  cerium ;  beneath  and  legs 
pale,  the  femora  with  a  faint  brown  subapical  cloud. 

Described  from  two  males  and  four  females  taken  as  fol- 
lows: Lag^mitas  Caiion,  April  23,  1916  (E.  C.  Van  Dyke)  ; 
Lagunitas,  July  4,  1909  (Van,  Dyke)  ;  Muir  Woods,  July  19, 
1914,  and  Ross,  July  7.  1921  (E.  P.  Van  Duzee)  ;  Mt.  Tamal- 
pais,  June  23,  1918  (E.  P.  Van  Duzee),  all  in  Marin  Co., 
Calif.;  Berkeley,  Calif.,  July  30,  1922  (J.  O.  Martin). 

Type:  Male,  No.  1771,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  7,  1921,  at  Ross,  California;  allotype, 
female,  No.  1772,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  C. 
Van  Dyke,  July  4,  1909,  at  Lagunitas,  Calif. 


19.     Cixius  praecox  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Very  near  cultus  Ball  but  with  the  elytral  nervures  infus- 
cated,  the  radial  and  outer  branch  of  ulnar  veins  forked  on  the 
same  line  (in  cultus  the  radial  forks  a  little  basad  of  the  outer 
ulnar)  ;  lateral  pronotal  carinse  bent  abruptly  where  they  touch 
the  hind  margin  (in  cultus  forming  a  more  rounded  angle)  ; 
male  plates  more  arched,  uniting  in  an  almost  circular  arc  (in 
cultus  angularly  connivent)  ;  apical  member  a  little  broader 
and  more  oblique ;  sides  of  ventral  sinus  of  pygofers  more  ob- 
lique, with  the  basal  tooth  larger  than  in  cultus;  front  propor- 
tionately longer  than  in  cultus.    Length  5  mm. 

Color  essentially  as  in  cultus;  elytra  more  whitish  opaque, 
the  cross  nervures  and  apices  of  all  veins  marked  with  fuscous ; 
costa  and  commissure  typically  alternated  with  obscure  fus- 
cous ;  stigma  fuscous,  white  at  base.     Veins  undotted. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1773,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1774,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  G.  F.  Moznette,  March  14,  1915, 


406 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


at  Corvallis,  Oregon.  Paratypes,  one  female,  same  data ;  one 
female,  Shasta  Co.,  Calif.,  July  17,  1921  (J.  A.  Kusche),  and 
one  male  and  two  females  taken  by  Mr.  W.  Downes  at  Ver- 
non, B.  C,  Sept.  27,  1919,  and  Enderby,  B.  C,  Oct.  10,  1920. 


20.     QEcleus  subrefiiexus  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Apparently  allied  to  addendus  Dist.,  aspect  of  fidvidorsum 
but  with  the  elytral  nervures  nearly  impunctate  and  the  costa 
slightly  expanded  at  base.     Length  5  mm. 

Vertex  about  as  in  fulvidorsiim  but  more  narrowed  to  the  base,  but 
little  exceeding  the  eyes;  front  broad  below,  regularly  narrowing  to  the 
base,  more  abruptly  to  the  apex  where  it  is  about  twice  wider  than  at 
base;  carina  prominent,  the  median  nearly  obsolete  at  base.  Pronotum 
short,  angularly  excavated  behind ;  mesonotum  with  five  distinct  carinse. 
Elytra  wider  than  in  the  allied  species  with  a  broader  costal  areole,  the 
margin  at  base  narrowly  explanate  exterior  to  the  costal  vein.  Genital 
segment  of  male  shallowly  notched  with  a  slender,  almost  linear,  median 
tooth,  which  slightly  exceeds  the  sides  of  the  segment;  stiles  much  as  in 
fulvidorsiim  but  quite  strongly  connivent  at  apex. 

Color  creamy  white;  claspers  fuscous  or  nearly  so;  middle  line  of  vertex 
blackish;  mesonotum  fulvous  varied  with  brown;  elytra  obscurely  fusco- 
hyaline;  nervures  white  with  scattering  black  setae,  in  the  male  those 
toward  the  apex  springing  from  brown  points ;  abdomen  more  or  less 
overspread  with  black. 

Described  from  seven  male  and  four  female  examples  taken 
on  Plnchea  sericea  at  Potholes,  Imperial  County,  California, 
April  7-13,  1923.  Allied  to  fiilvidorsum  by  the  characters  of 
the  vertex,  front,  mesonotum  and  male  genitalia;  separable 
by  the  almost  undotted  elytral  nervures  and  the  narrowly  ex- 
panded costa.  CEclcus  siiowi  Ball  is  a  much  larger  and 
broader  species  of  a  more  fulvous  color  and  broader  costal  ex- 
pansion. Of  this  latter  species  I  took  one  pair  in  copula  at 
Potholes,  Calif.,  resting  on  a  poplar  bush.  A  few  sj^ecimens 
of  snhreflexiis  taken  April  8  were  found  on  Atriplex. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1775,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1776,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  April  13,  1923, 
at  Potholes,  Calif. 


Vol.  XIV]  VAM  DU ZEE— NEW  HEMIPTERA  4Q7 

21.     Pissonotus  giffardi  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Very  close  to  dclicatus  but  distinguishable  by  the  distinctly 
longer  legs  and  different  male  genitalia.  Length,  brachypter- 
ous  fonn,  male,  2.5  mm.,  female,  3.5  mm. 

Male:  Vertex  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  feebly  arcuate  before;  lat- 
eral carinae  sharp,  well  elevated;  median  obscure;  apical  fovse  obvious. 
Front  twice  longer  than  broad,  sides  very  feebly  arcuate,  almost  parallel ; 
carinse  prominent,  the  median  obscurely  forked  a  little  above  the  lower 
angle  of  the  eyes.  Carinae  of  clypeus  prominent,  the  median  obsolete 
near  base.  Antennae  long,  surpassing  tip  of  clypeus,  clothed  with  mmute 
black  hairs;  basal  segment  as  long  as  width  of  front;  second  about  one 
third  longer.  Pronotum  nearly  as  long  as  vertex,  truncate  behind ;  carinae 
prominent,  the  lateral  attaining  hind  margin,  the  fovae  deep,  about  a  third 
wider  at  base  than  at  apex.  In  delicatus  the  lateral  carinae  are  more 
oblique  and  do  not  quite  reach  the  hind  margin  of  pronotum.  Mesonotum 
a  little  longer  than  pronotum ;  median  carina  prominent,  lateral  distinct 
but  slender.  Elytra  on  commissure  as  long  as  pro-  and  mesonotum 
together,  attaining  apex  of  second  tergal  segment ;  subcoriaceous,  polished ; 
venation  obscure.  Legs  very  long,  the  hind  tibiae  as  long  as  vertex,  pro- 
and  mesonotum  and  elytra  combined,  or  even  a  little  longer  to  tip  of  the 
shorter  apical  spines ;  first  segment  of  hind  tarsi  as  long  as  width  of  head 
across  the  eyes. 

Aperture  of  male  pygofers  broad  ovate,  the  sides  forming  an  obtuse 
lobe  either  side  ventrally ;  the  anal  hooks  long,  following  the  margin  of 
the  pygofers,  their  black  apex  slender,  curved  outward  and  lying  on  the 
thickened  base  of  the  ventral  opening;  the  ventral  spines  slender,  black, 
lying  near  to  and  parallel  with  the  apex  of  the  anal  hook;  stiles  short  and 
broad,  their  length  equal  to  their  combined  width,  their  broad  rounded 
apices  incurved  and  subcontiguous.  Marginatus  has  the  anal  hooks  equally 
long  but  their  apices  are  thicker,  pale  and  parallel,  the  ventral  spines  are 
represented  by  pale  tubercles  and  the  stiles  are  broad,  flat,  moderately 
divergent  and  truncate  at  apex. 

Color  honey-yellow,  paler  on  pronotum,  across  the  apex  of  the  front 
and  on  the  breast  and  legs ;  elytra  strongly  tinged  with  castaneous ;  their 
apex  white,  usually  marked  at  middle  with  a  blackish  spot  in  the  males ; 
abdomen  pale  rufo-piceous  in  the  male,  the  genital  area  whitish  with  a 
piceous  cloud  covering  the  stiles ;  legs  lineate  with  brown,  the  base  with 
a  spot  exteriorly  and  the  apex  of  the  tarsi  blackish;  the  usual  black  band 
covers  the  base  of  the  fore  coxae  and  clypeus  and  extends  on  to  the  pleural 
pieces. 

Described  from  10  male  and  20  female  examples  taken  on 
tar  weed  near  Grossmont,  17  miles  east  of  San  Diego,  Cali- 
fornia, June  2,   1919,  by  Mr.  W.  M.  Giffard.     It  gives  me 

September  24,   1925 


408  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

pleasure  to  dedicate  this  species  to  Mr.  Giffard  who  has  done 
more  than  anyone  else  to  ekicidate  the  delphacid  fauna  of 
Cahfornia. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1777,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1778,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  W.  M.  Giffard,  June  2,  1919,  at 
Grossmont,  California. 


22.     Cyrtolobus  pictus  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Near  inermis  Emmons,  agreeing  with  that  species  in  the 
form  of  the  dorsal  crest,  in  the  unicolorous  pale  green  female 
and  the  strongly  maculated  male ;  differing  in  the  shorter  pro- 
notum  and  in  the  markings  of  the  male.     Length  4-5  mm. 

Allied  to  van  but  smaller,  dorsal  crest  lower  with  the  anterior  sinus 
scaicely  indicated  in  the  male;  in  the  female  with  the  crest  more  uni- 
formly arcuate  with  an  anterior  sinus ;  apex  of  pronotum  even  shorter 
than  in  vati,  not  attaining  tip  of  fourth  apical  vein;  face  not  as  flat  as  in 
van;  smooth,  polished,  uneven,  obscurely  punctured  toward  apex  of 
cheeks,  incisures  of  clypeus  deep,  its  apex  rounded.  Elytra  hyaline,  in 
male  with  veins  heavy  and  fuscous,  the  apex  with  a  small  smoky  cloud, 
about  half  of  which  lies  on  the  apex  of  the  areoles.  Female  without  such 
cloud,  the  veins  pale,  concolorous ;  surface  sparsely  clothed  with  short 
erect  hairs. 

Color  a  uniform  pale  green  in  female ;  male  a  clear  greenish  yellow  on 
face  pronotum,  legs  and  margins  of  pleural  pieces;  face  with  a  median 
vitta,  a  cloud  either  side  and  the  clypeal  sutures  black ;  pronotum  with  a 
mark  above  each  eye,  the  apex  and  a  broad  triangular  vitta  behind  the 
middle,  black,  including  a  dorsal  yellow  mark;  anterior  to  this  vitta  is  a 
broad  vague  oblique  maculate  area  either  side  meeting  above  the  humeri. 
These  markings  on  the  male  leave  the  anterior  portion  of  the  pronotum, 
a  ravher  wide,  oblique,  median  vitta,  a  dorsal  spot  more  or  less  completely 
connecting  with  this  vitta,  and  a  wide  transverse  subapical  band,  yellow. 
In  van  this  dark  color  is  more  extended  with  the  included  pale  dorsal 
spot  larger.  Edges  of  abdominal  segments  and  genital  pieces  mostly  yellow. 
Femora  black  in  the  male,  with  their  apices  broadly  yellow,  the  tibiae 
minutely  dotted. 

Descriljed  from  8  male  and  12  female  examples  beaten  from 
oaks  growing  along  the  canon  of  the  south  fork  of  the  Provo 
River  at  Vivian  Park,  Utah.  This  species  is  really  nearest  to 
inennis  Say  and  like  that  species  might  almost  as  properly  be 
placed  in  subgenus  y\tymna.     The  male  may  be  distinguished 


Vol.  XIV]  VAM  DUZEE—NEW  HEMIPTERA  409 

by  the  different  and  more  extended  yellow  markings  of  the 
pronotum.  In  acutus,  which  was  taken  in  company  with  this 
species,  the  female  shows  more  maculation  on  the  pronotum 
and  the  pale  markings  of  the  male  are  narrower  and  do  not 
include  the  front  of  the  pronotum.  It  is  also  larger  and  has 
the  pronotum  more  pointed  at  apex.  The  females  of  pictiis 
differs  but  little  from  those  of  inermis  and  the  female  specimen 
from  Ogden,  Utah,  recorded  by  me  in  my  Studies  on  the  Mem- 
bracidce  (Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  ix,  p.  90,  1908)  belongs 
here. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1779,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1780.  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  7,  1922, 
at  Vivian  Park,  Provo  Cafion,  Utah. 


23.     Mesamia  pagana  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Near  nervosa  Osb.  but  with  the  submarginal  black  line  on 
vertex  with  three  interruptions  and  the  costal  area  without 
supernumerary  transverse  veins.     Length  4.25  mm. 

Male:  Head  almost  as  wide  as  prontum;  vertex  flat,  anterior  margin  in 
a  rounded  arc,  one-fourth  longer  at  middle  than  at  eye,  edge  acute  and 
slightly  reflexed.  Pronotum  nearly  twice  as  long  as  vertex.  Elytra  not 
flaring  at  apex ;  about  six  transverse  veinlets  between  inner  sector  and 
claval  suture;  costal  area  without  supernumerary  veins;  clypeus  strongly 
widened  at  apex.  Valve  short,  broadly  arcuated;  plates  long-triangular, 
acute  and  slender  at  apex,  edge  long-ciliate. 

Color  obscure  greenish  yellow  varied  with  darker;  vertex  whitish  on 
anterior  and  posterior  margins ;  anterior  submargin  with  a  heavy  black 
line  interrupted  at  middle  and  on  either  side;  behind  this  is  a  dusky  line 
which  touches  the  other  at  either  end.  Face  dusky  yellow;  front  pale 
brown  with  paler  arcs  and  a  heavier  black  basal  line ;  cheeks  with  a  longi- 
tudinal dusky  line  below  the  eyes;  pronotum  dusky  greenish,  yellowish 
anteriorly;  scutellum  yellow  either  side,  the  impressed  line  black;  elytra 
greenish  yellow,  veins  conspicuous,  fuscous ;  apex  of  claval  areoles  and 
narrow  margin  of  membrane  dusky,  the  claval  suture  with  three  large, 
vague,  pale  spots ;  legs  pale,  posterior  with  tibial  dots  and  apex  of  tibiae 
and  tarsi  black;  abdomen  black,  marked  with  yellow,  these  markings  form- 
ing a  slender  line  on  the  hind  ihargin  of  each  segment ;  a  large  testaceous 
spot  either  side  on  venter,  the  connexivum  mostly  yellow ;  plates  pale 
with  a  spot  at  base  and  sutural  lines  near  apex  fuscous. 


410  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Described  from  the  unique  type.  Apparently  allied  to  ner- 
vosa Osb.  (Fla.  Ent.  VI,  p.  20,  1922)  but  the  want  of  costal 
transverse  veins  and  the  coloration  will  most  quickly  distin- 
guish it. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1781,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  24,  1922,  at  Kings  Station,  Davis  Co., 
Utah. 


24.     Mesamia  diana  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Larger  than  coloradeiisis  with  a  flatter  and  more  angled 
vertex;  elytra  strongly  veined.     Length  4.5  mm. 

Head  scarcely  narrower  than  pronotum ;  vertex  flat,  anterior  edge 
sharp,  somewhat  reflexed,  strongly  angled ;  front  a  little  broader  than  in 
coloradcnsis,  sides  more  arcuated  below;  clypeus  slightly  widened  to  tip. 
Pronotum  a  fourth  longer  than  vertex;  elytra  moderately  flaring;  inner 
sector  connected  with  claval  suture  by  numerous  transverse  veinlets ; 
costal  areole  with  six  to  eight  oblique  veinlets,  heavily  marked  with 
fuscous. 

Male  valve  short,  subacute,  angulate ;  plates  long-triangular,  their  acute 
tips  surpassing  the  pygofers ;  last  ventral  segment  of  female  angularly 
excavated  nearly  to  the  middle,  with  a  square,  feebly  bifid,  median  tooth ; 
pygofers  broad  spindle-shaped,  nearly  equalling  the  oviduct. 

Color  cinereous  tinged  with  yellow  on  vertex,  anterior  margin  of  prono- 
tum and  scutellum,  more  marked  in  male;  subapical  line  on  vertex  inter- 
rupted at  middle  where  there  is  a  triangular  extension  backwards  either 
side  of  the  median  pale  line;  behind  this  a  transverse  dusky  cloud  con- 
necting the  ocelli  and  obscuring  the  disk  of  the  vertex;  median  incised 
line  black  at  base.  Face  pale,  more  or  less  clouded  with  brown,  espe- 
cially on  base  of  front  where  a  few  pale  arcs  are  discernible,  extreme 
base  with  a  concentric  black  line.  Pronotum  irrorate  with  brown  and 
pale;  scutellum  dusky  at  basal  angles,  the  incised  line  dark.  Elytra  milky- 
cinereous,  the  veins  strong,  fuscous,  disk  of  areolesi  mostly  with  fuscous 
cloud.  Legs  and  beneath  whitish,  the  pleurae  marked  with  black ;  tibial 
dots  and  apex  of  tibiae  and  tarsal  joints  black;  venter  pale  yellow,  hind 
margin  of  segments  blackish. 

Described  from  one  female  and  three  males  taken  by  me  in 
San  Diego  County,  California,  as  follows:  Mussey's,  August 
7,  1913  and  April  12,  1914;  Lakeside,  May  7,  1913;  Alpine, 
June  8,  1913.     This  species  has  the  broad  fomi  of  Aligia  in- 


Vol.  XIV]  VAN  DUZEE—NEW  HEMIPTERA  ^l\ 

scripta  but  the  flatter  vertex  with  hooked  siibmarginal  Hne, 
and  the  strongly  veined  unclouded  elytra  will  distinguish  it. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1782,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  August  7,  1913,  at  Mussey's,  San  Diego  Co., 
California.  Allotype  and  paratypes  in  collection  of  the  author. 


25.     Aligia  californica  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Related  to  inscripta  with  a  similarly  angulated  vertex; 
longer  and  more  slender,  quite  uniformly  inscribed  with  fus- 
cous.    Length  5  mm. 

Female :  Head  distinctly  wider  than  pronotum ;  vertex  flat,  quite 
strongly  angled  before,  typically  two-thirds  as  long  as  pronotum  but  vary- 
ing to  one  half  its  length;  front  scarcely  longer  than  wide,  sides  nearly 
rectilinear  below  antennae;  clypeus  slightly  widened  at  apex.  Hind  margin 
of  pronotum  subangularly  emarginate.  Elytra  four  times  as  long  as  wide, 
with  numerous  transverse  false  veins,  especially  in  costal,  subapical  and 
sutural  areoles  of  corium.  Last  ventral  segment  produced  on  its  median 
fourth  with  a  linear  central  notch. 

Color  pale  testaceous,  tinged  with  fulvous  on  vertex  and  scutellum ; 
vertex  with  a  pair  of  small  spots  behind  apex,  another  pair  either  side 
near  base ;  sometimes  a  point  within  the  ocelli  and  a  broken  transverse 
band  just  behind  the  ocelli  brown,  the  broad  incised  line  black;  front 
with  obscure  arcs,  outer  angles  of  lorae  with  black  points ;  pronotum  mot- 
tled with  brown,  anteriorly  pale  with  three  large  spots  either  side ; 
scutellum  with  two  discal  dots,  a  small  lateral  spot  either  side  and  a 
transverse  band  before  the  apex  brown,  the  curved  incised  line  black; 
elytra  whitish,  venation  brown,  becoming  fuscous  on  costa  and  apex; 
commissural  vein  and  tips  of  claval  veins  white,  with  a  fuscous  spot  ante- 
rior to  each  white  vein  and  one  at  apex  indicated ;  disk  of  a  few  of  the 
areoles  with  vermiculate  inscriptions ;  beneath  pale,  slightly  varied  with 
brown ;  anterior  and  intermediate  femora  bilineate ;  tibiae  with  strong 
black  dots ;  pale  spines  of  pygofers  set  in  black  points,  sides  of  oviduct 
black. 

Male :  Proportionately  shorter  than  the  female ;  valve  short,  broadly 
angled ;  plates  acutely  triangular,  but  little  shorter  than  wide  at  base, 
sides  straight. 

Described  from  8  females,  7  of  which  were  beaten  from  cha- 
parral and  juniper  bushes  at  Mill  Creek  Canon,  San  Bernar- 
dino Mountains.  The  other  I  took  at  Pine  Hills,  Cuyamaca 
Mountains,  California,  October  19,  1913.     Three  individuals 


412  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

have  the  vertex  distinctly  shorter  but  I  fail  tO'  detect  any  spe- 
cific differences.  Also  two  males:  Colestin,  Jackson  Co.,  Ore- 
gon, August  1,  1918,  and  Mt.  Tamalpais,  Marin  Co.,  Cali- 
fornia, June  23,  1918. 

Of  Aligia  inscripta,  in  addition  to  the  type,  I  have  seen  ex- 
amples from  San  Diego  Co.,  Pasadena,  Mt.  Wilson,  Stanford 
University,  Mt.  Tamalpais,  Alameda,  Cazadero,  Bryson,  and 
Cayton,  California.  These  have  the  last  ventral  segment  of 
the  female  about  as  in  calif ornica  but  differ  in  their  stouter 
form  and  banded  elytra. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1783,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  September  22,  1923,  in  Mill  Creek  Canon, 
San  Bernardino  Mts.,  Calif.;  allotype,  male.  No.  1784,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  August  1, 
1918,  at  Colestin,  Oregon. 


26.     Aligia  colei  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Related  to  calif oniica  but  more  strongly  colored  with  more 
produced  vertex  and  truncate  female  segment.    Length  5  mm. 

Head  wider  but  scarcely  shorter  than  pronotum,  flat,  produced  in  a 
right  angle  and  subacute  at  tip,  the  margin  rounded ;  elytral  venation 
conspicuous.  Last  ventral  segment  of  female  nearly  truncate,  the  apex 
slightly  produced  and  notched.  Valve  of  male  scarcely  angled;  plates 
somewhat  longer  than  broad  at  base,  becoming  narrow  at  apex ;  sides 
ooncavely  arcuated,  apices  diverging,  brown  with  pale  basal  area,  the 
tips  and  bristles  white.  In  this  species  the  sides  of  the  front  are  a  little 
more  arcuated  and  the  clypeus  is  wider  than  in  californica. 

Color  testaceous  tinged  with  fulvous  on  vertex,  scutellum  and  anterior 
margin  of  pronotum;  markings  of  vertex  as  in  californica  with  the  three 
pairs  of  points  larger,  one  pair  at  apex  and  one  next  each  eye;  pronotum 
with  a  whitish  longitudinal  median  line ;  markings  of  scutellum  as  in 
californica  but  darker;  elytra  whitish  hyaline  with  heavy  fuscous  vena- 
tion ;  a  transverse  dusky  band  at  middle  and  another  before  apex  some- 
times indicated ;  commissure  with  three  white  areas  followed  by  fuscous 
marks  against  the  tips  of  the  nervures ;  apex  of  membrane  more  or  less 
clouded  with  dark;  beneath  pale  varied  with  fuscous;  anterior  femora 
biannulate  with  fuscous  before,  the  intermediate  with  a  subapical  annulus; 
face  with  distinct  arcs,  its  median  line  and  disk  of  cheeks  and  lorae  pale. 


Vol.  XIV]  VAN  DU ZEE— NEW  HEMIPTERA  41 3 

Described  from  one  male  and  four  females  taken  in  Mill 
Creek  Canon,  San  Bernardino  Mts.,  3800  ft.  elevation.  The 
sharper  vertex,  more  truncate  female  segment  and  banded 
femora  will  distinguish  this  species  from  inscripta  and  cali- 
fornica.  The  markings  are  stronger  than  in  californica  and 
usually  the  transverse  bands  are  indicated.  I  take  pleasure  in 
naming  this  species  for  our  dipterist,  Dr.  F.  R.  Cole,  formerly 
of  Redlands,  California,  whose  guest  I  was,  and  near  whose 
summer  cottage  I  took  the  species. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1785,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1786,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  September  22, 
1923,  in  Mill  Creek  Cafion,  California. 

27.     Aligia  modesta  occidentalis  Van  Duzee,  new  subspecies 

Differs  from  the  eastern  form  of  the  species  in  being  more 
slender  in  all  parts,  in  being  more  strongly  colored,  in  having 
the  vertex  very  feebly  angled  and  the  last  ventral  segment  of 
the  female  slightly  produced  and  notched  at  the  middle. 
Eleven  specimens,  all  females,  are  in  the  Academy  collection. 
They  were  taken  in  California  as  follows :  Mt.  Diablo,  July 
14,  1916;  Niles  Canon,  July  15,  1916;  Cloverdale,  August  3, 
1916;  Cayton,  July  17,  1918;  and  Sonoma  Valley,  August 
1916  (W.  M.  Giffard)  all  taken  on  oaks.  Also  taken  by  Mr. 
Giffard  in  Placer  Co.,  Calif.,  August  19,  1916.  What  I  be- 
lieve to  be  the  male  of  this  form  I  took  at  Laurel  Dell,  Lake 
Co.,  Calif.,  August  3,  1916,  and  Mr.  Gift'ard  took  a  second  ex- 
ample in  Placer  Co.,  August  19,  1916. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1787,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  14,  1916,  on  Mt.  Diablo,  California. 

28.     Platymetopius  diabolus  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Near  nasutus,  vertex  shorter,  pronotum  broader,  elytra 
longer,  vertex  strongly  banded ;  face  yellow ;  legs  and  beneath 
mostly  black;  male  valve  pointed.     Length  4-4.5  mm. 

Vertex  one  half  longer  than  wide,  right  angled;  pronotum  considerably 
wider  than  head,  four-fifths  as  long  as  vertex.    Female  segment  rather 


414  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

short,  roundedly  truncate,  slightly  produced  either  side  of  a  small  median 
notch;  py gofer  stout,  two  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  ultimate  segment. 
Valve  of  male  broad-triangular,  as  long  as  wide,  apex  subacutely  angled ; 
plates  as  broad  as  valve,  blunt  at  apex,  surpassing  valve  by  less  than  its 
length ;  pygofers  considerably  exceeding  plates. 

Color  cinereous ;  vertex  black  dotted  with  brown  posteriorly,  crossed  by 
a  broad,  slightly  angled  yellow  band  which  sometimes  is  broken  into  four 
spots ;  apex  irregularly  yellow ;  pronotum  sprinkled  with  black  transverse 
dashes,  especially  anteriorly,  the  sides  almost  clear;  anterior  margin 
smooth,  yellow ;  scutellum  varied  with  black  and  yellow ;  elytra  quite 
regularly  varied  with  fuscous  and  whitish  obscuring  the  ordinary  round 
white  spots ;  veins  fuscous,  mostly  slenderly  edged  with  pale ;  a  band 
across  the  anteapical  areolcs  and  the  apex  more  heavily  marked,  with  a 
whiter  band  including  the  apical  transverse  veins  and  forming  a  large 
round  spot  beyond  apex  of  clavus ;  face  pale  yellow  to  fulvous ;  base  of 
front  pale  and  irrorate,  with  the  angled  vitta  traceable  but  little  either 
side  the  middle;  extreme  tip  of  clypeus  black;  legs  and  pectus  black; 
tibiae  pale,  dotted ;  abdomen  varied  with  brown  and  black,  the  genitalia 
pale,  especially  the  male  valve. 

Described  from  one  male  and  four  females  taken  on  Mt. 
Diablo,  California,  July  14,  1916.  Among  the  species  with 
produced  and  banded  vertex  this  may  be  distinguished  by  the 
pointed  male  valve,  yellow  face  and  black  tip  of  the  clypeus. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1788,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1789,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  14,  1916, 
on  Mt.  Diablo,  California,   Paratypes,  same  data. 

29.     Platymetopius  planus  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Size  and  aspect  of  orcgonensis;  vertex  broader  and  flatter, 
with  the  pronotum  nearly  immaculate ;  genitalic  characters 
very  distinct.     Length  5  mm. 

Vertex  flat,  horizontal,  scarcely  impressed  before  apex ;  its  length  equal 
to  width  between  the  eyes;  sides  subacute,  rectilinear;  apex  subacute; 
pronotal  angles  not  prominent.  Front  unusually  wide  for  the  genus, 
width  between  antennae  one  half  the  length ;  clypeus  moderately  con- 
stricted at  middle.  Elytral  venation  indistinct  on  disk,  transverse  costal 
veinlets  scarcely  oblique.  Genital  pieces  small ;  valve  obtuse-triangular, 
about  as  long  as  apical  width  of  clypeus ;  plates  obtuse,  not  wider  than 
valve,  about  as  long  as  clypeus,  distinctly  exceeding  the  broad  truncate  py- 
gofers.    Female  segment  short,  truncate,  about  one  half  as  long  as  wide, 


Vol.  XIV]  VAN  DUZEE—NEW  HEMIPTERA  41 5 

with  a  conspicuous  notch  and  rather  deep  sinuation  either  side  the  center, 
the  sides  oblique ;   pygofers  short,  hardly  one-half  longer  than  wide. 

Color  light  fulvous  as  in  oregonensis;  vertex  paler  with  edge  and 
median  line  pale ;  elytra  apparently  opaque  over  the  tergum ;  a  round 
white  spot  in  each  of  the  areoles  and  between  the  costal  veinlets,  the 
basal  and  claval  areoles  with  a  few  obscure  spots ;  beneath  pale. 

Described  from  four  males  and  three  females  taken  by  me 
as  follows:  McCloud,  Siskiyou  Co.,  July  23,  1918;  Sisson, 
July  25,  26,  1918:  Cayton, 'july  15,  1918;  Mt.  Tamalpais, 
June  23,  1918,  all  in  California.  The  broad  flat  horizontal 
vertex,  transverse  costal  veinlets  and  peculiar  genital  charac- 
ters will  distinguish  this  very  distinct  species. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1790,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1791,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  15,  1918, 
at  Cayton,  Shasta  Co.,  California. 


30.     Platymetopius  pexatus  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Related  to  trilincatus  but  darker  with  apex  of  vertex  five- 
lineate  with  white;  the  colors  darker,  apical  white  spot  on 
elytra  elongated,  and  different  male  genitalia.     Length  5  mm. 

Head  greatly  produced,  two  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  wide  between 
the  eyes ;  sides  straight  or  slightly  concave  in  female,  the  narrow  tip 
rounded :  face  concave  in  profile ;  front  transversely  strongly  convex  be- 
tween the  eyes,  four  times  as  long  as  wide  between  the  antennae ;  clypeus 
strongly  widened  at  apex.  Last  ventral  segment  of  female  short,  sub- 
angulate  at  apex  where  there  is  a  small  but  distinct  notch ;  pygofers  short, 
hardly  twice  longer  than  ultimate  segment,  bristles  short  and  stout.  Male 
valve  large,  rounded-triangular,  sides  rectilinear  or  nearly  so ;  plates 
small,  much  narrower  than  valve  or  pygofers,  exceeding  the  valve  by 
one-half  its  length  and  reaching  basad  but  little  more  than  half  the 
length  of  the  valve,  sides  sinuate,  apices  narrow,  rounded ;  pygofers  stout, 
blunt,  exceeding  the  plates  by  little  more  than  half  the  length  of  the 
valve. 

Color  fulvous  varied  with  fuscous  and  pale ;  vertex  whitish,  closely 
longitudinally  vermiculate  with  fuscous,  forming  four  fuscous  lines  be- 
fore the  middle  thus  leaving  five  pale  vittse,  three  as  in  trilineatus  and 
one  marginal  either  side;  pronotum  with  seven,  scutellum  with  four 
obscure  pale  vittse;  elytra  deep  fulvous-brown,  especially  on  the  disk, 
opaque ;  veins  distinct ;  round  white  spots  obscure  basally,  three  on  the 
commissural  margin  larger,  those  of  the  outer  apical  and  subapical  areoles 


415  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

elongated,  oblique ;  costa  with  about  five  oblique  white  spots  alternating 
with  the  black  veins ;  wings  inf uscated ;  face  lightly  inf uscated,  obscurely 
irrorate;  basal  line  conspicuous;  apex  with  a  white  dot;  beneath  fulvous-" 
brown  varied  with  fuscous ;  tibiae  paler,  with  black  dots. 

Described  from  three  females  and  a  male  taken  by  Mr. 
W.  M.  Giffard  in  Placer  Co.,  Calif.,  August  20,  1916,  at  3000 
ft. ;  a  female  taken  by  me  at  Descanso,  San  Diego  Co.,  October 
18,  1913,  and  a  female  from  Mill  Creek  Caiion,  San  Bernar- 
dino Mts.,  Calif.,  taken  September  22,  1923.  With  the  latter 
I  took  three  females  I  believe  to  be  trilineatus  Ball  beaten  from 
yerba  santa.  They  differ  from  Ball's  description  only  in  being 
more  fulvous  and  in  having  the  lateral  lines  of  the  vertex  more 
distinct. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1792,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  taken  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  September  22,  1923,  in  Mill  Creek  Canon, 
San  Bernardino  Mts.,  California. 


31.     Deltocephalus  discessus  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Closely  allied  to  siguatifrons;  proportionately  broader  and 
shorter;  vertex  longer  and  flatter;  valve  of  male  shorter  and 
broadly  rounded ;  plates  narrower ;  pygofers  longer,  surpass- 
ing the  plates  by  about  the  median  length  of  the  plates.  Ulti- 
mate ventral  segment  of  female  shorter,  truncate,  its  outer 
angles  a  little  longer  and  roundedly  prominent;  inner  angles 
rounding  to  a  shallow,  narrow,  median  notch,  the  fundus  of 
this  notch  touching  an  obscure  rounded  pale  lobe,  somewhat 
as  in  signatifrons;  pygofers  broader  and  proportionately 
shorter  than  in  the  related  species.  Colors  a  little  darker  than 
in  typical  signatifrons,  with  more  black  on  the  legs  and  venter ; 
markings  of  the  legs  and  vertex  substantially  the  same.  Length 
2.75  mm. 

Described  from  two  females  and  seven  males  taken  by  me 
at  Pine  Valley,  San  Diego  Co.,  California,  at  4000  feet  eleva- 
tion. This  possibly  should  be  considered  as  a  mere  race  of 
signatifrons  but  it  seems  to  me  best  to  give  it  specific  rank  as 
typical  signatifrons  has  been  taken  at  Keen  Camp  in  the  San 
Jacinto  Mts.,  but  a  little  farther  north,  and  at  Blitzen  River, 
Oregon. 


Vol.  XIV]  VAN  DUZEE—NEIV  HEMIPTERA  ^\J 

Type:  Male,  No.  1793,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1794,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  April  24,  1920, 
at  Pine  Valley,  California. 

32.     Deltocephalus  cahuilla  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Near  miscellns  Ball ;  pale  yellow  with  two  to  four  spots  at 
apex  of  vertex  and  a  few  marks  on  elytra  fuscous;  vertex 
produced,  triangular.     Length  3.4  mm. 

Head  wider  than  pronotum ;  vertex  flat,  produced  and  right  angled 
before;  apex  subacute  as  in  misccllns;  sides  of  front  sHghtly  approaching 
at  apex;  clypeus  oblong,  slightly  narrowed  to  the  feebly  rounded  apex; 
cheeks  unusually  wide  beyond  the  lorse ;  pronotum  scarcely  shorter  than 
vertex,  feebly  sinuated  behind ;  anterior  curve  of  pronotum  occupying 
two-thirds  its  length ;  elytra  wide,  equalling  or  a  little  exceeding  the 
abdomen;  costa  well  arcuated.  Ultimate  ventral  segment  of  female  short, 
as  long  as  the  penultimate,  apex  cut  squarely  oflf,  with  a  rounded  notch 
either  side  of  an  equal  and  rounded  median  lobe.  Valve  of  male  large, 
broadly  rounded ;  plates  short,  exceeding  valve  by  two-thirds  its  length, 
their  sides  straight  and  apices  rounded ;  pygof ers  about  equalling  the 
plates. 

Color  yellowish  white,  deepened  on  head,  anterior  margin  of  pronotum 
and  scutellum ;  vertex  with  about  four  marginal  spots,  two  apical  and  two 
nearer  the  ocelli,  fuscous,  the  latter  pair  often  obsolete  or  sometimes 
accompanied  by  a  pale  brownish  cloud  inwardly ;  base  often  with  two 
darker  oblique  dashes  either  side ;  elytra  subopaque,  polished ;  veins  pale, 
sometimes  obscurely  edged  with  brown  toward  apex ;  in  pale  examples 
there  is  usually  a  fuscous  mark  on  disk  of  clavus,  one  on  the  commissure, 
one  against  the  first  cross-vein  on  corium,  and  possibly  one  at  apex  of 
inner  apical  areole ;  apex  often  with  an  incomplete  fuscous  vitta ;  face 
pale  with  brown  marks  toward  apex,  sutures  black ;  legs  pale ;  abdomen 
black,  segmental  margins  and  more  or  less  of  venter  pale ;  pleurae  em- 
browned. 

Described  from  numerous  examples  taken  by  me  at  Keen 
Camp,  San  Jacinto  Mts.,  California,  June  6-12,  1917,  and  a 
series  taken  by  Mr.  W.  M.  GifYard  at  Pine  Valley,  San  Diego 
Co.,  April  24,  1920,  all  swept  from  grass. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1795,  and  allotype,  female.  No.  1796,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  June  10,  1917, 
at  Keen  Camp,  California. 


418  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

33.     Deltocephalus  zephyrius  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Apparently  closely  related  to  nigriventer  but  with  darker 
elytra,  vertex  wanting  the  transverse  band,  clypeus  constricted 
and  ultimate  ventral  segment  of  female  rounded  at  sides. 
Length  2.75-3  mm. 

Head  wider  than  pronotum,  convex  in  both  diameters,  the  anterior  edge 
broadly  rounded  to  front  as  in  Euscelis ;  apex  produced  in  somewhat  less 
than  a  right  angle ;  pronotum  slightly  longer  than  vertex,  its  curve  ante- 
riorly occupying  two-thirds  its  length ;  elytra  longer  than  abdomen,  ner- 
vures  distinct ;  face  typical  of  genus,  the  clypeus  moderately  constricted, 
apex  rounded,  scarcely  equalling  the  cheeks.  Ultimate  ventral  segment  of 
female  rather  long,  bilobed,  the  outer  angles  rounded,  median  line  incised 
almost  to  base  and  overlapping  as  in  nigriventer.  Male  genitalia  about  as 
in  nigriventer ;  valve  short,  feebly  angled ;  plates  large,  transversely  con- 
vex, sides  feebly  sinuate,  becoming  oblique  to  the  rounded  reflexed  apex ; 
bristles  long,  pale. 

Color  cinereous-brown,  tinged  with  yellow  on  head  and  scutellum;  vertex 
with  a  round  black  spot  within  and  behind  each  ocellus ;  apex  sometimes 
with  a  pair  of  faint  spots;  incised  line  scarcely  darker;  anterior  margin 
of  pronotum  paler ;  elytra  subopaque ;  nervures  white,  mostly  edged  with 
fuscous,  the  transverse  veins  more  conspicuously  white ;  face  pale,  the 
sutures,  about  six  arcs  on  front  and  apical  spot  on  clypeus  fuscous ;  sub- 
antennal  cavities  black;  legs  mostly  pale,  the  hind  tibiae  black  in  female, 
edges  and  spines  pale ;  pectus  and  abdomen  black,  sides  of  male  valve 
narrowly  pale. 

Described  from  four  male  and  five  female  examples  taken 
by  me  at  Forks,  Clallam  Co.,  Wash.,  July  4,  1920.  This 
species  has  the  genital  characters  of  nigriventer  almost  exactly 
but  it  is  in  no  way  related  to  compactus,  the  form  of  the  head 
and  color  characters  separating  it  widely  from  that  species. 
Two  brachypterous  specimens  are  paler  and  have  the  elytra  a 
little  shorter  than  the  abdomen.  Deltocephalus  contrarasi  Van 
D.  from  Sonora  is  larger  with  a  shorter  vertex  and  thickened 
elytra  with  very  pale  veins.  It  has,  however,  the  satiie  convex 
rounded  vertex  and  is  certainly  related. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1797,  and  allotype,  female.  No.  1798,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  4,  1920,  at 
Forks,  Washington. 


Vol.  XIV]  VAN  DUZEE—NEW  HEMIPTERA  4^9 

34.  Scaphoideus  nugax  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Allied  to  scalaris;  with  shorter  elytra  but  with  the  same  fomi 
of  head;  fulvous  yellow,  deepened  on  disk  of  elytra.     Length 

4  mm. 

Male :  Head  distinctly  narrower  than  pronotum ;  vertex  subacutely 
pointed,  not  depressed,  edge  rounded,  length  on  median  line  equal  to 
width  between  the  eyes ;  elytra  subhyaline,  veins  distinct,  three  or  four 
supernumerary  veinlets  on  clavus,  claval  veins  not  hooked  on  commissure. 
Valve  broad,  triangular ;  plates  twice  longer  than  valve,  acutely  triangular, 
sides  sinuated,  marginal  bristles  stout. 

Color  clear  fulvous  yellow,  deeper  on  disk  of  elytra  above  the  tergum ; 
base  of  vertex,  anterior  margin  of  pronotum  and  edge  of  scutellum  pos- 
teriorly whitish,  apical  areoles  of  elytra  considerably  enfumed,  the  elytral 
veins  paler,  transverse  veins  and  apex  of  claval  veins  thickened  and  white ; 
beneath  and  legs  pale,  dots  at  base  of  tibial  spines  scarcely  darker. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1799,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  August  5,  1923,  at  Mill  Valley,  Marin  Co., 
California.  Paratype,  one  male,  taken  by  J.  C.  Bradley  at 
Berkeley,  Calif.,  in  August,  1908,  in  collection  of  the  author. 

35.  Scaphoideus  minis  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Forni  and  aspect  of  albonotatus  but  with  the  shorter  and 
rounded  head  of  Euscelis ;  color  cinereous  with  an  immaculate 
yellowish  vertex  and  variegated  elytra  with  three  pale  com- 
missural areas;  Female  segment  very  characteristic.     Length 

5  mm. 

Female :  Head  slightly  wider  than  pronotum ;  roundedly  subangulate 
before;  vertex  convex,  broadly  rounded  to  the  front,  length  next  the 
eye  three  fifths  that  on  median  line;  front  wide  for  this  genus,  its  basal 
width  five  sevenths  its  length,  sides  below  antennae  rounded  to  clypeus, 
the  latter  much  constricted  near  base  with  its  sides  straight  and  apex 
rounded ;  lorse  large,  one  half  as  broad  as  long ;  antennal  seta;  elongated. 
Pronotum  a  third  longer  than  vertex,  humeri  subangulate.  Elytra  with 
two  or  three  supernumerary  veinlets  in  clavus  and  two  in  costal  areole 
beyond  node.  Last  ventral  segment  with  median  third  produced  in  a  long 
parallel  tongue  to  the  middle  of  the  pygofers,  apex  of  this  strap-shaped 
piece  cleft  to  about  its  middle  leaving  a  long  subacute  tooth  lying  either 
side  of  the  oviduct ;  exterior  to  this  central  process  the  margin  forms  a 
rounded  tooth-like  lobe,  separated  from  the  median  process  by  an  acute 
notch,  and  outwardly  slopes  away  to  the  rounded  lateral  angles.    Valve  of 


420  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

male  very  short,  subtriangular ;  plates  about  four  times  the  length  of  the 
valve  but  hardly  half  the  length  of  the  long  pygofers,  obtusely  triangular 
with  the  sides  feebly  sinuate. 

Color  cinereous  ;  vertex  pale  yellowish.  Immaculate ;  pronotum  scarcely 
irrorate  in  the  type;  elytral  nervures  fuscous,  the  disk  of  the  larger  and  of 
the  apical  areoles  largely  fuscous,  including  rounded  whitish  spots ;  front 
fulvous-brown  with  pale  arcs  and  median  line ;  clypeus,  lorae  and  cheeks 
pale  yellowish,  the  latter  with  a  blackish  cloud  exteriorly ;  beneath  pale, 
feet  and  pleural  pieces  more  or  less  clouded  with  fuscous;  tergum  black; 
antennae  with  subapical  annulus  and  most  of  seta  black. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1800,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  April  10,  1923,  on  creosote  bush,  at  Potholes, 
Imperial  Co.,  California.  Allotype,  male.  No.  1801,  Mus.  Calif. 
Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  May  16,  1917,  at 
Coachella,  Riverside  Co.,  Calif.  Paratype,  one  dainaged  female 
taken  with  the  allotype.  In  the  allotype  the  pygofers  are 
shaped  exactly  as  in  the  female  but  without  the  oviduct  and 
with  the  male  plates  and  valve.  It  is  not  unlikely  this  speci- 
men may  be  an  hermaphrodite  in  which  case  the  characters 
of  the  male  genitalia  may  have  become  much  modified  from 
the  form  normal  for  the  species. 


36.     Euscelis  gentilis  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Apparently  allied  to  shastus  Ball ;  form  and  aspect  of  rcla- 
tivus  nearly ;  smaller  with  shorter  pronotum  and  more  pointed 
vertex;  soiled  yellowish-testaceous  with  a  black  dot  behind 
each  ocellus  connected  by  a  brown  band  and  with  two  brown 
dots  on  pronotum  anteriorly.     Length  4.5  mm. 

Head  a  little  wider  than  pronotum,  bluntly  triangular  before;  vertex 
flat  on  the  disk  and  a  little  sloping,  one-half  wider  than  long;  front 
rather  narrow  for  this  genus,  a  little  longer  than  wide  between  the  ocelli, 
sides  straight  above,  converging  a  little  to  apex ;  clypeus  oblong,  parallel, 
rounded  at  apex.  Pronotum  short,  a  little  more  than  twice  wider  than 
long ;  latero-posterior  margins  almost  reaching  the  eyes ;  Elytra  long  as 
in  rclativiis;  clavus  and  apex  with  several  supernumerary  transverse  veins, 
texture  subcoreaceous.  Last  ventral  segment  of  female  short,  trisinuate, 
the  middle  broadly,  slightly,  produced,  the  angles  more  prominently  so; 
pygofers  broad  but  not  subangulate.  Valve  of  male  short,  broad-triangu- 
lar ;  plates  long-triangular,  obtuse,  four  times  longer  than  valve,  sides 
feebly  arcuate. 


Vol.  XI\']  VAN  DUZEE—NEW  HEMIPTERA  421 

Color  soiled  yellowish-testaceous,  a  little  clearer  on  head  and  scutellum ; 
vertex  with  a  round  black  spot  behind  each  ocellus,  a  faint  brown  cloud 
connecting  these  spots  and  some  marks  near  anterior  margin  more  or 
less  apparent ;  pronotum  faintly  varied  with  brownish,  with  two  median 
brown  marks  anteriorly ;  elytral  veins  pale,  more  or  less  distinctly  edged 
with  brown,  more  apparent  apically ;  front  with  fuscous  arcs  and  pale 
median  line;  tergum,  pleurae  and  base  of  venter  marked  with  brown,  more 
extended  in  male;  ocelli  pink;  hind  tibiae  with  faint  brown  points  at 
base  of  spines. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1802,  and  allotype,  male,  No.  1803,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  August  2, 
1916,  at  Hobergs  Resort,  Lake  Co.,  California. 


Z7 .     Euscelis  almus  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Allied  to  frigidus  Ball,  a  little  narrower  with  more  pointed 
head ;  vertex  with  three  round  black  spots  one  of  which  is 
discal ;  elytra  faintly  fuliginous  with  pale  nervures  and  fuscous 
marks  in  apical  areoles.     Length  4  mm. 

Head  a  little  wider  than  pronotum,  vertex  nearly  horizontal  at  base, 
broadly  rounded  to  base  of  front,  polished.  Front  moderately  broad,  one- 
half  longer  than  broad,  nearly  flat;  sides  slightly  narrowed  to  apex; 
clypcus  oblong,  apex  rounded,  sides  feebly  excavated ;  lorae  narrow. 
Pronotum  a  little  longer  than  vertex,  outer  angles  broadly  rounded. 
Elytra  with  one  or  two  supernumerary  cross  veins  near  apex  of  costa. 
Last  ventral  segment  of  female  rather  deeply,  angularly  excavated.  Valve 
of  male  longer  than  ultimate  segment,  roundingly  triangular ;  plates  long, 
obtuse  at  apex,  sides  feebly  arcuated,  contracted  at  base. 

Color  pale  yellowish,  deeper  on  head ;  vertex  with  three  round  black 
spots,  the  median  paler,  placed  forward  of  the  lateral  and  minutely 
notched  before;  lateral  placed  near  the  eyes  and  just  above  the  line  of 
the  ocelli ;  face  with  a  row  of  four  large  black  spots  below  the  margin, 
the  lateral  on  the  temples  above  the  antennae ;  sutures  of  the  face  and 
about  six  arcs  fuscous ;  pronotum  scarcely  darkened  across  the  disk  and 
on  anterior  margin ;  scutellum  usually  with  black  spots  near  basal  angles 
and  two  brown  discal  dots,  apical  field  sometimes  with  two  brown  spots. 
Elytra  pale  smoky  with  conspicuous  pale  nervures;  apical  transverse 
veins  marked  with  brown  and  a  brown  vitta  borders  the  apical  veins ; 
pleural  pieces  and  abdomen  more  or  less  black,  the  last  ventral  segment 
of  female  with  a  black  spot  at  fundus  of  notch;  suture  and  dorsum  of 
male  pygofers  black;  legs  pale,  claws  black. 


422  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Described  from  three  male  and  three  female  specimens. 
The  seven  large  round  black  spots  on  head  (three  on  vertex 
and  four  below  margin)  are  a  conspicuous  character  of  this 
species.  While  recalling  frigidiis  the  characters  of  the  head 
and  elytra  place  this  species  in  subgenus  Conosanus. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1804,  and  allotype,  male.  No.  1805,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  May  23,  1918, 
at  Los  Bancs,  Merced  Co.,  California. 


38.     Euscelis  finitimus  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Color  and  aspect  somewhat  of  the  female  of  Eittetfix 
bartschi  but  with  the  front  and  vertex  of  Euscelis;  polished 
light  fulvous  brown  with  pale  veins  and  irrorations;  vertex 
with  a  black  mark  behind  the  eyes.     Length  5  mm. 

Head  little  wider  than  pronotum,  obtusely  angled ;  vertex  nearly  flat, 
about  two-thirds  wider  than  long;  front  broad,  its  length  and  width  sub- 
equal,  sides  straight  above,  incurved  to  clypeus,  abruptly  raised  above 
level  of  cheeks;  clypeus  oblong,  a  little  narrowed  to  the  rounded  apex; 
pronotum  long,  twice  as  long  as  vertex,  sides  broadly  rounded  behind 
the  eyes ;  elytra  shaped  much  as  in  Eutettix  subcenea  with  arcuate  costa 
and  flaring  tips,  with  four  or  five  supernumerary  veinlets  in  outer  areole 
of  clavus.  Last  ventral  segment  of  female  broadly  excavated,  the  outer 
angles  subacute,  middle  with  a  broad  short  lobate  tooth  which  is  feebly 
angled ;  pygofers  short  and  broad.  Valve  of  male  short,  broad-triangular 
and  convex,  a  little  shorter  than   the  pygofers. 

Color  light  fulvous  brown,  clearer  beneath,  polished ;  vertex  with  an 
angular  black  mark  on  each  side  between  ocellus  and  eye,  but  showing 
a  tendency  to  being  drawn  out  into  a  transverse  band ;  anterior  to  these 
spots  are  two  curved  darker  lines  either  side  the  middle  and  another  in- 
dicated near  the  hind  margin ;  pronotum  irrorate  with  pale,  with  a  large 
pale  area  behind  the  eyes;  elytral  nervures,  except  the  marginal,  pale; 
minute  points  at  base  of  tibial  spines  and  claws  black. 

The  polished  fulvous  surface  gives  this  insect  somewhat  the 
aspect  of  a  Eutettix  but  it  is  a  Euscelis  of  the  Conosanus 
group. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1806,  and  allotype,  male.  No.  1807,  Mus 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  31,  1918, 
at  Colestin,  Oregon. 


Vol.  XIV]  VAN  DUZEE—NEW  HEMIPTERA  423 

39.     Lonatura  pupa  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Closel}^  allied  to  ininuta  Van  Duzee,  a  little  larger  with  a 
longer  vertex  and  different  form  of  last  ventral  segment. 
Length  3  mm.  ^' ., 

Macropterous  female :  Vertex  a  little  longer  than  width  between  the 
eyes,  forming  a  right  angle,  with  the  apex  obtuse ;  surface  convex  as  in 
minuta.  Elytra  a  little  longer  than  abdomen;  nervures  distinct;  second 
cross-nervure  prominent;  front  a  fourth  longer  than  wide,  rather 
abruptly  narrowing  to  clypeus,  the  latter  narrower  at  apex  with  the  sides 
straight.  Ultimate  ventral  segment  one  half  longer  than  preceding, 
arcuately  narrowing  to  a  bluntly  angular  apex;  pygofers  slender,  equalling 
the  oviduct. 

Color  pale  yellowish,  a  little  more  deeply  colored  on  head,  paler  be- 
neath ;  elytra  subhyaline,  nervures  yellowish ;  tergum  and  oviduct  mostly 
black;  eyes  brown;  ocelli  and  tip  of  rostrum  black. 

Lonatura  nana  Van  D.  from  the  Gulf  of  California  region 
is  wider  with  very  different  ultimate  segment. 

Type:  Female,  No.  1808,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  July  12,  1922,  at  Saltair,  Utah.  Paratypes, 
two  females,  same  data. 


40.     Thamnotettix  lenis  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Size  and  aspect  of  helvimis  Van  D. ;  a  small  green  species 
with  yellow  pointed  head,  dark  front  and  short  truncate  male 
plates.    Length,  male,  4.75  mm.,  female,  5.5  mm. 

Head  much  wider  than  pronotum ;  vertex  acutely  triangular,  almost  as 
long  as  width  between  the  eyes;  front  narrow,  almost  one-half  longer 
than  wide,  base  acutely  angled,  profile  slightly  concave ;  sides  straight, 
but  slightly  contracted  at  base  of  clypeus ;  the  latter  parallel  sided,  but 
little  narrowed  at  apex.  Last  ventral  segment  of  female  rather  long,  apical 
margin  broadly  arquate,  with  a  shallow  notch  either  side  the  median  line, 
leaving  a  broad  short  median  tooth  which  is  minutely  emarginate  and 
is  included  in  a  black  cloud  lying  behind  each  sinus ;  pygofers  short  and 
stout,  not  twice  longer  than  wide  and  almost  entirely  clothed  with  long 
stout  bristles.  Valve  of  male  large,  obtusely  triangular;  plates  as  long 
on  median  line  as  the  valve,  cut  off  square  at  tip,  sides  straight ;  pygofers 
narrow,  exceeding  plates  by  the  median  length  of  the  plates,  closely 
clothed  with  stout  white  bristles  as  in  the  female. 

September  24,    1925 


424  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Color  light  green  becoming  yellow  on  vertex,  anterior  margin  of  pro- 
notum  and  on  the  scutellum,  apex  of  elytra  more  hyaline,  scarcely  clouded, 
veins  yellow;  front  brown  with  arcs  and  margin  more  or  less  yellow, 
sutures  dark;  pleurae  and  abdomen  black,  margins,  apex  of  abdomen, 
edge  of  male  valve  and  last  ventral  segment  and  the  pygofers  of  female 
yellow;  male  plates  whitish,  the  pygofers  black;  legs  pale,  the  pale  spines 
set  in  small  brown  dots. 

The  unusually  pointed  head  and  peculiar  genitalia  will  dis- 
tinguish this  small  green  species. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1809,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1810,  Mus. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  May  18,  1920, 
at  Bryson,  Monterey  Co.,  California.  Paratypes,  two  males, 
two  females,  taken  as  follows :  Bradley,  Monterey  Co.,  Cali- 
fornia, April  23,  1917  (E.  P.  Van  Duzee);  Santa  Cruz,  Cali- 
fornia, June  8,  1917  (W.  M.  Giiifard). 


41.     Thamnotettix  verutus  Van  Duzee,  new  species 

Near  vastula  in  size,  form  and  color  but  with  distinct  geni- 
talia;  light  green,  more  yellowish  on  head  and  scutellum; 
apex  of  elytra  smoky ;  male  plates  large,  triangular,  exceeding 
the  pygofers.     Length  5.5  mm. 

Male :  Head  well  produced,  right-angled  before,  apex  subacute ;  vertex 
flat,  broadly  rounding  to  the  front ;  front  strongly  convex  transversely, 
as  long  as  wide,  sides  straight  above,  gently  rounding  to  the  clypeus,  the 
latter  rectangular,  with  straight  sides.  Pronotum  scarcely  shorter  than 
vertex ;  more  deeply  excavated  behind  than  in  vastula.  Valve  broad,  short, 
slightly  angled ;  plates,  taken  together,  rather  longer  than  their  basal 
width  and  distinctly  exceeding  the  pygofers,  triangular,  subacute  at  apex, 
their  sides  very  feebly  concave  from  near  base. 

Color  clear  green,  becoming  yellowish  on  head,  anterior  margin  of 
pronotum  and  scutellum ;  elytra  subopaque,  the  costa  apically  paler ; 
apical  areoles  smoky;  front  paler  with  a  brown  cloud  either  side;  tergum 
(except  narrow  margin),  sternum,  base  of  vertex  and  genital  hooks  black. 
Legs  and  their  spines  whitish. 

Female  with  vertex  shorter  than  in  male.  Last  ventral  segment  narrow, 
constricted  near  base,  sides  beyond  gradually  approaching,  outer  angles 
rounded;  middle  one-half  shallowly  excavated,  base  of  excavation  straight, 
impressed  and  blackened ;  oviduct  black,  considerably  exceeding  the 
pygofers. 


Vol.  XIV]  VAN  DU ZEE— NEW  HEMIPTERA  425 

Described  from  a  good  series  taken,  by  me  as  follows: 
Bryson.  Calif.,  April  24,  1917,  May  18-20,  1920;  Bradley, 
Calif.,  April  23,  1917,  May  22,  1920;  Soboba  Springs,  River- 
side Co.,  Calif.,  May  30,  1917;  San  Jacinto,  Calif.,  May  29, 
1917:  Dixon,  Calif.,  June  3,  1920.  Also  taken  in  Shasta  Co., 
Calif.,  July  17,  1921,  by  J.  A.  Kusche.  Like  all  its  green  allies 
this  species  when  teneral  has  a  pale  bluish  look  from  the  black 
tergum  showing  through  the  imperfectly  pigmented  elytra. 
The  large  triangular,  scarcely  excavated  plates  of  the  male 
will  distinguish  this  species. 

Type:  Male,  No.  1811,  and  allotype,  female,  No.  1812,  Mas. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  collected  by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  May  20,  1920, 
at  Bryson,  Monterey  County,  California. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  18,  pp.  427-503,  text  fig.  1,  plates  20-29    March  23,  1926 


XVIII 

PALEONTOLOGY  OF  COYOTE  MOUNTAIN, 
IMPERIAL  COUNTY,  CALIFORNIA 

BY 

G.  DALLAS  HANNA 
Curator,  Department  of  Paleontology 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

Introduction 428 

Location 429 

Previous  work 430 

Geology  of  the  district 432 

Age  of  the  deposits 433 

Names  of  formations 434 

Oil  possibilities 436 

Indeterminate  species 436 

Collection  stations 437 

Bibliography 440 

Gastropoda  (arranged  alphabetically) 442 

Pelecypoda  (arranged  alphabetically) 460 

Echinodermata 479 

Corals 480 

Fishes 483 

March  33,  1936 


428  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Introduction 

When  I  assumed  the  duties  of  Curator  of  the  Department 
of  Paleontology  in  1919,  I  found  in  the  Department  two  large 
collections  of  fossil  mollusks  from  Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial 
County,  California.  These  had  been  borrowed  for  study  and 
report  by  former  Curator,  Roy  E.  Dickerson,  and  he  had  done 
a  very  considerable  amount  of  work  in  the  identification  of 
the  species.  .  Up  to  the  time  of  his  departure,  he  was  unable 
to  complete  the  work  to  his  satisfaction,  and  in  1920,  he 
turned  the  matter  over  to  me  either  to  finish  or  return  the  col- 
lections to  their  owners.  After  due  consideration,  the  advice 
of  Dr.  J.  P.  Smith  and  Dr.  B.  L.  Clark  was  taken  and  the 
work  of  identification  was  completed  as  nearly  as  possible  and 
the  collections  were  returned. 

Publication  has  been  withheld  until  this  time  because  it  was 
found  that  the  fauna  needed  for  critical  comparison  was  to  be 
had  only  in  the  Gulf  of  California.  Until  the  Academy  sent 
its  expedition  there  in  1921,  no  collection  of  consequence  was 
available  in  any  western  museum  for  consultation.  That  year, 
through  the  untiring  industry  of  Dr.  Fred  Baker,  a  very  large 
number  of  the  known  species  of  that  province  was  brought 
back.  Also  through  his  efforts  the  larger  forms  have  been 
identified  and  it  has  been  possible  to  compare  the  Coyote 
Mountain  fossils  with  them. 

This  procedure  has  prevented  a  very  considerable  number 
of  inaccuracies  which  would  have  been  inevitable  had  the  re- 
port been  published  in  1921.  The  most  fertile  source  of  error 
would  have  been  due  to  making  comparison  of  this  relatively 
poorly  preserved  material  with  living  and  fossil  species  from 
east  American  and  West  Indian  points.  Unquestionably,  the 
Coyote  Mountain  fauna  is  closely  related  to  that  of  the 
Atlantic,  but  so  is  the  fauna  of  the  Gulf  of  California.  In  no 
great  number  of  cases  does  this  similarity  amount  to  exact 
identity  of  species.  Without  a  good  Gulf  of  California  collec- 
tion for  comparison,  grave  errors  would  have  been  un- 
avoidable. 

The  tropical  fauna  of  the  Gulf  of  California  is  so  vastly 
different  from  any  known  from  the  California  coast  that  with 
only  the  latter  and  eastern  collections  available,  the  natural 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  429 

conclusion  students  would  reach  would  be  to  associate  the 
Coyote  Mountain  forms  with  those  of  the  Atlantic  of  similar 
tropical  facies. 

Even  with  the  Gulf  of  California  collection  for  comparison, 
this  report  could  hardly  have  been  completed  without  the 
hearty  cooperation  of  many  paleontologists.  Particularly  must 
appreciation  be  acknowledged  to  Dr.  Fred  Baker;  Dr.  J.  P. 
Smith;  Dr.  B.  L.  Clark;  Dr.  Roy  E.  Dickerson;  Mrs.  Kate 
Stephens;  Mr.  Chas.  H.  Sternberg;  Dr.  W.  H.  Dall;  and  Mr. 
W.  C.  Mansfield. 

Location 

Coyote  Mountain,  sometimes  called  Carrizo  Mountain,  is 
located  in  the  western  part  of  the  Colorado  Desert,  Imperial 
County,  California.  It  is  close  to  the  great  granite  range 
which  extends  from  Mount  San  Jacinto  on  the  north  to  Mount 
San  Pedro  Martir  in  Lower  California. 

The  base  of  the  mountain  is  about  three  miles  north  of 
Coyote  Wells,  a  watering  station  on  the  highway  from  San 
Diego  to  El  Centro  and  Yuma.  The  United  States-Mexican 
boundary  is  about  four  miles  south  of  Coyote  Wells. 

The  crest  of  the  mountain  is  a  ridge  about  five  miles  long 
extending  almost  east  and  west.  The  surrounding  country  is 
excessively  barren  desert  and  most  of  the  usual  erosion- 
features  comm.on  to  such  surroundings  are  found.  Thus  there 
are  broad  gravel  washes,  steep  box  cafions  and  many  perpen- 
dicular escarpments. 

North  of  Coyote  Mountain  about  ten  miles  there  is  another 
and  larger  mountain  mass,  likewise  an  intrusion  through  Ter- 
tiary sediments,  now  known  as  Fish  Creek  Mountain.  Be- 
tween it  and  Coyote  Mountain  is  the  flood  plain  of  Carrizo 
Creek.  This  is  a  very  ancient  waterway ;  in  the  granitic  moun- 
tains which  it  traverses  it  has  cut  a  great  gorge,  celebrated  for 
its  scenic  features. 

Coyote  Mountain  is  now  easily  reached  since  it  is  only  three 
miles  from  a  paved  highway.  Light  automobiles  are  usually 
driven  almost  any  place  on  the  desert  floor  and  by  following 
the  wider  washes  it  is  possible  to  drive  into  several  of  tlie 
main  cafions.    Alverson  Caiion  can  thus  be  reached. 


430  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  (Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Previous  Work 

The  original  discovery  of  the  Coyote  Mountain  upHft  was 
made  by  W.  P.  Blake,  geologist  with  the  Pacific  Railroad  Sur- 
vey. The  party  with  which  he  traveled  camped  on  Carrizo 
Creek  where  this  stream  flows  out  of  its  caiion  and  is  lost  in 
the  sands  of  the  Colorado  Desert.  Here  some  fossils  were 
found  and  collected.^  These  were  subsequently  described  by 
Conrad^  as  Ostrea  heermanni,  Anomia  subcostata  and  Pecten 
deserti,  all  new  species  and  Ostrea  vespertina,  previously  de- 
scribed from  San  Diego. ^  With  only  these  four  species, 
Conrad  thought  the  age  of  the  deposit  from  which  they  came 
was  probably  Miocene. 

I  do  not  find  any  other  publication  based  upon  original  in- 
vestigations until  the  report  of  Charles  R.  Orcutt  was  issued 
in  1890.  (See  bibliography  for  references.)  He  traveled 
extensively  in  the  Colorado  Desert  at  an  early  date,  and,  it 
appears,  made  large  collections  of  fossils  from  the  marine  sedi- 
ments in  the  Coyote  Mountain  district.  He  mentioned  par- 
ticularly corals  and  oysters.  Much  of  his  data  was  reprinted 
in  1901. 

H,  W.  Fairbanks  next  collected  in  the  region  about  1892 
and  some  of  the  corals  he  secured  were  sent  to  Dr.  T.  W. 
Vaughan  who  described  them  in  1900.  There  were  two  species 
and  one  subspecies  of  these. 

Dr.  Stephen  Bowers  made  another  collection  of  corals  in 
1901  and  published  a  short  paper  on  his  observations.  This 
collection  was  likewise  studied  by  Dr.  Vaughan,  who  pub- 
lished some  notes  on  it  in  Science  in  1904. 

This  latter  collection  was  so  interesting  that  Dr.  Vaughan 
arranged  to  have  Dr.  Bowers  and  Mr.  W.  C.  Mendenhall  visit 
the  locality  and  a  veiy  much  more  extensive  collection  was 
made.  A  brief  list  of  some  of  the  MoUusca  contained  in  the 
collection  was  published  in  1906  by  Dr.  Ralph  Arnold.  He 
also  included  a  preliminary  list  of  the  corals  and  described 
two  new  species  of  Pecten  from  the  locality.     As  a  result  of 

•  See  Blake,  Pac.  R.  R.  Repts.,  Vol.  S,  1857,  pp.  120123. 

•  Op.  cit.,  pp.  325-326,  pi.  5.  The  original  clescriptions  (without  illustrations)  ap- 
peared in  an  octavo  appendix  to  the  preliminary  report  of  the  geologist  of  the  survey, 
published  in  1855  as  House  Executive  document  129,  33rd  Cong.  1st  Sess. ;  citations 
are  usually  made  to  the  final  quarto  report  in  Vol.  5. 

•  It  so  happens  that  descriptions  of  the  two  first  mentioned  appeared  in  February, 
1855,  without  illustrations  in  Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Science  of 
Philadelphia,  p.  257. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  431 

Mr.  MendenliaH's  visit,  iie  published  in  1910  the  most  exten- 
sive account  we  have  of  the  geology  of  the  district. 

One  of  the  sea  urchins  collected  in  1904  was  appropriately 
described  the  same  year  by  Charles  E.  Weaver  as  Clypeaster 
bowersi. 

Dr.  John  C.  Merriam  of  the  University  of  California  recog- 
nized the  importance  of  this  locality  from  a  paleontological 
standpoint  and  had  two  large  collections  made  there  about 
1911-1913.  One  of  these  was  by  Messrs.  Kew  and  Buwalda; 
the  other  by  Kew  and  English.  As  a  result  of  these  visits,  the 
most  extensive  collections  thus  far  taken  were  assembled. 

In  1914  Dr.  Kew  published  a  paper  on  the  echinoids  of  the 
region  in  which  several  new  species  were  described.  He  also 
included  a  geologic  sketch  map  and  cross  section  of  Coyote 
Mountain.  He  also  published  a  list  of  the  Mollusca  which 
had  been  identified.  Only  ten  of  the  names  were  given  un- 
qualifiedly and  none  of  these  were  gastropods ;  all  except  four 
had  been  described  from  these  deposits. 

This  paper  was  followed  in  1916  by  one  by  J.  O.  Nomland 
on  Cretaceous  and  Tertiary  corals  of  California  and  Oregon 
in  which  one  species  from  Coyote  Mountain  was  described. 

In  1917  Dr.  T.  Wayland  Vaughan  published  an  extensive 
account  of  the  corals  collected  in  1904  by  Messrs.  Mendenhall 
and  Bowers.  He  made  extensive  comparisons  with  other 
faunas  and  gave  a  fairly  complete  resume  of  all  previous  work 
in  the  region.  (It  should  be  noted  that  the  explanations  be- 
neath the  two  figures  on  Plate  93,  Prof.  Ppr.  98,  No.  5,  U.  S. 
Geol.  Sur.  are  reversed.) 

Dr.  R.  E.  Dickerson  read  a  short  paper  before  a  meeting  of 
the  Geological  Society  of  America  in  1918  (published  only  in 
abstract  form)  in  which  previous  views  on  relationships  of 
the  Coyote  Mountain  deposits  are  given.  This  was  followed 
in  the  manuscript  by  a  list  of  the  Mollusca  he  had  identified 
from  the  collections. 

Many  collections  have  been  made  in  the  region  from  time 
to  time,  the  most  important  of  which  I  have  knowledge  being 
the  following: 

1.  The  Blake  collection  which  Conrad  studied. 

2.  The  Orcutt  collections  of  1888  and  1890,  studied  and 
reported  upon  by  him. 


432  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [PROc.  4th  Ser. 

3.  The  Fairbanks  collection  which  went  to  the  University 
of  California  and  the  corals  of  which  were  studied  by 
Vaughan. 

4.  The  Bowers  collection  of  1901,  the  corals  of  which  were 
sent  to  Vaughan  while  the  mollusks  eventually  came  to  the 
California  Academy  of  Sciences. 

5.  The  Mendenhall  and  Bowers  collection  of  1904  which 
went  to  the  U.  S.  Greological  Survey  and  the  corals  of  which 
were  studied  by  Vaughan. 

6.  The  Kew  and  English  collection  of  1912  which  went  to 
the  University  of  California. 

7.  The  Kew  and  Buwalda  collection  of  1913  which  went  to 
the  University  of  California.  The  echinoids  of  the  last  two 
collections  were  studied  by  Kew. 

8.  The  Stephens  and  Sternberg  collection  of  1920  which 
went  to  the  San  Diego  Society  of  Natural  History. 

9.  The  California  Academy  of  Sciences  collection  of  1921 
made  by  the  writer. 

10.  Stanford  University  collection  made  at  various  times 
and  by  various  collectors. 

11.  A  private  collection  made  at  various  times  by  Sternberg 
and  distributed  to  several  institutions. 

Geology  of  the  District 

During  my  visits  to  Coyote  Mountain,  I  examined  many  of 
the  caiions  minutely,  but  my  purpose  was  chiefly  to  search  for 
fossils.  Therefore,  I  am  not  in  a  position  to  add  much  to  the 
two  excellent  accounts  of  structural  conditions  which  have 
been  published.*  The  most  important  parts  of  these  papers 
were  quoted  by  Vaughan  (U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof.  Ppr.  98,  pt. 
5,  1917,  pp.  355-360).  In  general,  these  observers  agreed 
that  Coyote  Mountain  was  an  island  of  granitic  and  metamor- 
phic  rocks,  of  possibly  Carboniferous  age  at  the  time  of  de- 
position of  the  Tertiary  sediments.  This  deposition  was 
accompanied  in  its  early  stages  by  some  volcanism  of  minor 
character.  One  of  the  most  evident  features  as  the  mountain 
is  approached,  is  the  manner  in  which  all  strata  dip  away  from 

♦Mendenhall,  Journ.  Geol.  Vol.  18,  1910,  pp.  336-355.  Kew,  Univ.  Calif.  Publ. 
Geol.  Vol.  8,   1914,  pp.   39-60. 


Vol.  XIV]  HASNA— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  433 

the  center  in  every  direction.  Erosion  has  cut  away  many  of 
the  soft  clay  layers  and  left  hard  sandstone  or  oyster  reefs  pro- 
jecting as  isolated  hills  in  "bad  land"  areas.  Many  of  the 
reefs  are  composed  almost  entirely  of  organic  calcite,  chiefly 
oysters,  firmly  consolidated  and  in  one  place  at  least  partially 
turned  to  marble.  In  other  places,  there  are  large  areas  com- 
pletely covered  with  oyster  shells,  anomias,  pectens  and  barna- 
cles. These  are  weathered  out  free,  and  except  for  an  etching 
from,  the  wind-blown  desert  sand,  are  in  a  perfect  state  of 
preservation. 

Much  of  the  core  of  the  mountain  is  composed  of  marble 
and  quarrying  operations  on  a  prospective  scale  have  been 
carried  on  at  many  places.  Unquestionably  some  of  it  is  very 
beautiful  rock. 

The  best  fossil-collecting  locality  is  on  the  south  side  of  the 
mountain,  a  little  west  of  the  center  in  a  wash  called  Alverson 
Cafion.  Fossils  occur  there  in  many  kinds  of  sediments,  but 
the  preservation  is  notoriously  bad.  Many  of  them  can  only 
be  had  as  casts,  while  most  of  the  others  are  so  badly  crystal- 
lized that  the  finer  details  of  sculpture  are  obscured.  The 
richest  layers  are  sandstone,  firmly  cemented  with  calcite. 
Extraction  of  fossils  from  this  material  was  found  to  be  ex- 
ceedingly difficult  except  in  a  few  favorably  weathered 
surfaces. 

Age  of  the  Deposits 

Various  age  determinations  have  been  made  of  the  Tertiary 
sediments  on  the  flanks  of  Coyote  Mountain  usually  referred 
to  as  "Carrizo  Creek"  which  cuts  through  a  portion  of  them. 
Conrad,  with  four  species  of  Mollusca,  thought  the  age  was 
Miocene. 

Orcutt  in  1890  supposed  it  to  be  Cretaceous,  basing  the 
decision  upon  the  oysters  and  corals. 

Vaughan  in  1900  with  two  species  and  a  subspecies  of  coral 
gave  the  age  as  "doubtfully  Cretaceous." 

Arnold  in  1906  called  it  Miocene  and  correlated  with  the 
Etchegoin  of  central  California  which  he  also  called  Miocene, 
but  which  has  been  determined  to  be  lower  Pliocene. 


434  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Vaughan  in  1910  gave  the  age  as  lower  Miocene  as  de- 
termined by  Messrs.  Dall  and  Arnold. 

Kew  in  1914  stated  that  "The  echinoderm  fauna  seems  to 
indicate  a  comparatively  late  age,  as  several  of  the  forms  are 
very  closely  related  to  species  living  in  the  Gulf  of  California 
at  the  present  time."  In  1920  he  referred  all  of  them  to  the 
Pliocene. 

In  1916  Nomland  referred  the  coralliferous  beds  to  the 
Pliocene. 

Vaughan  in  1917  stated  that  'The  fauna  of  Carrizo  Creek 
is  related  to  Pliocene  and  Post-Pliocene  faunas  of  Florida  and 
the  West  Indies  and  can  scarcely  be  older  than  lower 
Pliocene." 

Dickerson  followed  in  1918  with  a  Miocene  age  determina- 
tion correlating  the  sediments  with  the  Gatun  formation  of 
Panama. 

It  is  quite  evident  that  considerable  diversity  of  opinion  as 
to  the  age  has  existed.  A  critical  study  of  the  Mollusca  con- 
tained in  the  various  collections  I  have  examined,  leads  me  to 
agree  that  the  age  cannot  be  greater  than  lower  Pliocene  and 
I  am  much  inclined  to  the  belief  that  the  greater  portion  is 
middle  and  upper  Pliocene. 

There  appears  to  be  good  reason  to  suspect  that  more  than 
one  Pliocene  formation  is  represented  on  the  flanks  of  Coyote 
Mountain.  Very  little  reason  exists  for  the  placing  of  the 
coral  reef,  the  lowermost  exposed  fossiliferous  stratum,  with 
the  great  oyster  reefs  of  the  upper  part. 

Names  of  Formations 

For  a  long  time  the  deposits  about  Coyote  Mountain  have 
been  called  "Carrizo  Creek"  beds,  or  "Carrizo"  formation; 
the  latter  was  proposed  definitely  in  1914  by  Kew,"  but 
Vaughan®  has  shown  that  these  names  are  inapplicable  because 
of  prior  use  elsewhere.  This  is  to  be  regretted,  but  it  seems 
that  current  usage  demands  a  different  name.  Since  we  are 
unable  as  yet  to  correlate  definitely  any  of  the  fossil  bearing 
strata  with  any  named  fonnation  elsewhere,  I  would  propose 
that  it  be  known  as  the  "Imperial  Formation"  in  the  future. 

•Univ.  Calif.  Publ.  Geol.  Vol.  8. 

•U.  S.  Gcol.  Surv.  Prof.  Ppr.  98,   1917,  p.  367. 


Vol.  XIV]  HASM A— COYOTE   MOU.VTAIN   I'OS^JL:^  435 

The  tyi>c  locality  should  be  tnken  as  the  coral  reef  exposed  in 
Alverson  Canon  on  the  south  side  of  the  niountaiTi. 

This  coral  reef  has  a  distinctive  fauna.  It  is  succeeded  by 
about  200  feet  of  very  fossiliferous  calcareous  sandstones  for 
which  I  would  propose  the  name  "Latrania  Sands."  It  is  this 
formation  which  contains  the  large  general  assemblage  of 
marine  Mollusca,  a  representation  which  indicates  the  presence 
of  pure  ocean  water. 

Above  the  Latrania  Sands  there  are  enormous  de^x^sits  of 
clay,  the  i>eculiar  properties  of  which  may  make  it  of  com- 
mercial value  at  some  future  time.  In  order  that  these  may 
have  a  name  for  reference  I  would  propose  that  they  be 
called  the  "Coyote  Mountain  Cla3'^s."  They  are  extensivel)'" 
developed  over  wide  areas  but  the  type  locality  has  been  select- 
ed in  the  foothills  bordering  the  southeast  slope  of  Coyote 
Mountain. 

Above  these  clays,  and  interbedded  with  them  near  the  top 
to  some  extent,  are  extensive  deix)sits  of  oyster  shells  for 
which  the  name  ''Yuba  Reefs"  has  been  selected.  The  type 
locality  has  been  chosen  as  a  prominent  hill  made  up  of  the 
material,  thoroughly  cemented  and  partially  metamorphosed, 
located  on  the  east  em\  of  the  Coyote  Mountain  uplift.  A  gap 
between  the  hill  and  the  mountain  affords  a  good  trail  from 
Coyote  Wells  on  the  San  Diego-El  Centro  Highway  to  the 
north  side  of  the  mountain.  The  same  reefs  are  found  on 
Yuha  Buttes,  Superstition  ^Mountain,  Signal  Mountain,  and 
especially  near  where  Carrizo  Creek  flows  out  of  the  mountains 
to  the  westward. 

,The  Yuha  Reefs  are  followed  by  an  enormous  thickness  of 
silt  deposited  in  the  freshwaters  of  the  ancient  Lake  Coahuila, 
an  appropriate  name  for  which  is  the  "Coahuila  Silt."  It  is 
exposed  where  the  San  Diego-El  Centro  Highway  crosses 
New  River  about  a  mile  west  of  El  Centro.  The  total  thick- 
ness of  these  silts  is  not  known  but  they  contain  freshwater 
fossils  to  the  base  of  the  exposure  indicated. 

Thus,  according  to  the  above  nomenclature,  Conrad's  fossil 
mollusks  came  from  the  Yuha  Reefs.  Kew's  echinodenns 
are  from  the  Latrania  Sands;  and  Vaughan's  corals  from  the 
Imi^erial   Formation.      It   is  believed   that   further  work   will 

March  23,  1926 


436  CALIFORNIA   ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  |  Proc.  4th  Ser. 

necessitate  further  subdivision  rather  than  a  consolidation  of 
the  above  formations. 

In  this  connection  it  is  proper  to  add  that  Coyote  Moun- 
tain has  been  called  "Carrizo  Mountain"  in  some  reports.  Also 
Fish  Creek  Mountain,  the  next  one  to  the  north  of  Carrizo 
Creek,  has  been  called  "Black  Mountain,"  "Barrett  Moun- 
tain," and  "Fish  Mountain." 

Oil  Possibilities 

At  various  times  attempts  have  been  made  around  the 
flanks  of  Coyote  Mountain  to  obtain  oil,  but  I  think  in  every 
case,  without  adequate  preliminary  geological  investigation. 
If  this  had  been  made,  I  can  see  no  reason  for  the  drilling  of 
more  than  one  well  in  that  vicinity.  This  statement  is  based 
upon  the  following  facts : 

1.  No  adequate  source  of  petroleum  exists.  While  some 
exposed  strata  are  very  fossiliferous,  all  except  the  oyster  reefs 
are  far  from  being  sufficiently  so  to  be  considered  as  a  source 
of  petroleum  in  commercial  quantities.  The  oyster  reefs  have 
no  adequate  cover.  The  great  deposits  of  shales  and  clay 
shales  are  barren  of  organisms.  The  basal  marbles  cannot  be 
considered  at  all  in  this  connection. 

2.  The  structure  about  Coyote  Mountain  is  monoclinal;  all 
strata  dip  away  from  the  mountain.  There  is  no  known  place 
for  oil  to  accumulate.  There  is  only  one  possible  exception  to 
this  statement  within  a  radius  of  five  miles  of  the  mountain, 
to  my  knowledge.  Yuha  Buttes,  five  miles  to  the  southeast, 
is  evidently  an  anticlinal,  dome-shaped  fold.  But  it  was  tested 
to  a  depth  of  over  1 100  feet  many  years  ago  without  evidence 
of  oil. 

Indeterminate  Species 

The  various  collections  studied  have  contained  a  consider- 
able number  of  species  so  poorly  preserved  that  positive  specific 
identification  cannot  be  made.  While  it  is  true  that  leaving 
them  out  of  the  present  list  will  give  the  impression  that  the 
complete  fauna  is  smaller  than  it  actually  is,  no  useful  purpose 
would  appear  to  be  served  by  including  a  lot  of  generic  names. 


Vol.  XI\  ]  HAWNA—COYOTE  MOUiWTAIN   FOSSILS  437 

The  fauna  of  the  PHocene  beds  of  Coyote  Mountain  is  a 
large  one,  and  if  it  could  be  seen  in  its  entirety,  it  would  ap- 
proximate, probably,  the  present  one  of  the  Gulf  of  California 
in  size ;  but  induration  has  proceeded  to  such  a  degree  that  only 
a  small  ^wrtion  can  be  obtained  unless  some  new  localities  with 
better  preservation  are  discovered.  Mere  names  of  genera, 
derived  from  fragments,  do  not  give  a  satisfactory  picture  of 
a  fauna,  but  they  are  sometimes  included  in  lists  as  padding. 
Space  is  now  too  valuable  to  warrant  such  procedure  unless 
some  other  purpose  can  be  served. 

Therefore,  only  those  species  have  been  included  in  the  fol- 
lowing pages  which  could  be  identified  with  reasonable  assur- 
ance of  their  correctness.  No  doubt  inexperience  has  thus 
caused  the  omission  of  some  species  which  might  have  been 
included  had  the  author  been  more  familiar  with  related 
faunas.  This  loss,  however,  is  believed  to  be  more  than  offset 
by  the  inaccuracies  which  would  have  resulted  from  attempts 
to  place  the  fragments  in  question. 

Collecting  Stations 

The  three  largest  collections  studied  have  been  appropriately 
numbered  in  the  respective  museums,  and  the  following  list  i« 
a  transcript  of  the  various  localities  from  which  each  lot  was 
obtained.  Although  collecting  stations  have  been  duplicated 
by  the  several  collectors,  the  numbers  have  been  kept  separate, 
consistently,  in  the  body  of  the  paper,  the  institution  to  which 
each  pertains  being  appropriately  indicated  by  initial  letters. 

Stations  of  the  University  of  California 

735.  Near  the  center  of  the  Yuha  Buttes,   Imperial  County,  California, 

and  at  the  top  of  the  anticline  there;  south  of  the  main  road 
from  El  Centro  to  San  Diego ;  about  four  miles  north  of  the 
Mexican  boundary ;  W.  S.  W.  Kew  and  W.  E.  English,  colls. 

736.  About  200  yards  south  of  the  axis  of  the  anticline  in  Yuha  Buttes, 

Imperial  County,  California;  W.  S,  W.  Kew  and  W.  E.  English, 
colls. 

737.  South  side  of  Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial  County,  California,  in  a 

wash  heading  northwest  from  the  road  near  the  base  of  the 
formation ;  W.  S.  W.  Kew  and  W.  E.  English,  colls.  (Alverson 
Caiion.) 


438  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

738.  From  two  small  washes  on  the  west  side  of  the  cut  made  by  the 

stream  in  which  No.  737  is  located,  at  the  base  of  Coyote  Moun- 
tain, Imperial  County,  California,  west  of  the  road  from  Coyote 
Wells  to  Carrizo  Spring  via  Coyote  Mountain ;  W.  S.  W.  Kew, 
W.  E.  English  and  J.  P.  Buwalda,  colls.  (This  locality  is  in  a 
branch  of  Alverson  Canon,  Original  Nos.  4  and  55.) 

739.  At  the  head  of  the  south  branch  of  Alverson  Canon,  Coyote  Moun- 

tain, near  the  divide  leading  to  Carrizo  Creek,  Imperial  County, 
California;  W.  S.  W.  Kew  and  W.  E.  English,  colls. 

740.  Alverson    Canon,    Coyote    Mountain,    Imperial    County,    California, 

near  the  contact  of  lavas  [?]  and  sandstones;  VV.  S.  W.  Kew 
and  W.  E.  English,  colls. 

2062.  In  wash   halfway   between   Coyote  Mountain  and    Carrizo   Spring, 

Imperial  County,  California;  Upper  beds  of  formation;  W.  S.  W. 
Kew  and  J.  P.  Buwalda,  colls. ;  April,  1913. 

2063.  In  Garnet  Canon,  north  side  of  Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial  County, 

California;  about  halfway  to  head  of  canon  and  from  basal  beds 
lying  on  the  complex ;  W.  S.  W.  Kew  and  J.  P.  Buwalda,  colls. ; 
May,  1913. 

2064.  At  the  head  of  G.irnet  Canon,  north  side  of  Coyote  Mountain,  Im- 

perial County,  California;  basal  beds;  W.  S.  W.  Kew  and  J.  P. 
Buwalda,  colls. ;  May,  1913. 

2065.  Near  the  head  of  Garnet  Cafion,  Imperial  County,  California;  hard 

shales  containing  g>  psum ;  W.  S.  \V.  Kew  and  J.  P.  Buwalda, 
colls.;  May,  1913. 

Localities  735,  7?>6,  and  2062  are  from  the  "Yiiha  Reefs" ; 
the  remainder  are  from  the  "Latrania  Sands"  as  defined  above. 

Stations  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey 

3919.  East  end  of  Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial  County,  California;  Stephen 
Bowers,  coll.;  1904  (Original  No.  165). 

3921.  "Barrett's  Oil  Well"  about  20  miles  north  of  the  Mexican  lx>undary. 

Imperial  County,  California;  Stephen  Bowers,  coll.  1904  (Ori- 
ginal No.  168).  [This  locality  is  near  Carrizo  Creek  wash  and 
on  a  direct  line  between  Coyote  Mountain  and  Fish  Creek  Moun- 
tain; See  map  of  Mendenhall,  reprinted  by  Vaughan.] 

3922.  At  the  head  of  Garnet  Canon  on  the  north  side  of  Coyote  Mountain, 

Imperial  County,  California;  Stephen  Bowers,  coll.;  1904  (Ori- 
ginal No.  166). 

3923.  Alverson  Canon,  on  the  south  side  of   Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial 

County,  California;  Stephen  Bowers  and  W.  C.  Mendenhall, 
colls.;  1904  (Original  No.  164). 

6836.    Carrizo  Creek,  Colorado  Desert.  California,  January,  1890. 

6847.  Ravine  about  one  mile  south  of  Alverson  Canon,  Coyote  Mountain, 
Imperial  County,  California;  Stephen  Bowers  and  W.  C.  Men- 
denhall, colls.:  January  20,  1904  (Original  No.  163). 


Vol.  XIV]  HAN^fA -COYOTE  MOU\'TAI\'  FOSSILS  439 

[In  addition  to  tiie  above  material,  the  U.  S.  National  Mu 
seum  probably  contains  some  of  the  original  specimens  col- 
lected by  the  members  of  the  Pacific  Railroad  Survey  and 
studied  by  Conrad.  There  is  also  a  collection  of  corals  from 
Fish  Creek  J^Iountain,  which  has  a  direct  bearing  upon  the 
present  collections.  It  is  No.  7616  (Original  No.  167).  (See 
Vaughan,  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  Prof.  Ppr.  98,  1916,  p. 
350.)  Localities  3919,  3921,  6836  and  6847  are  supposed  to 
have  come  from  the  "Yuha  Reefs" ;  localities  3922  and  3923 
contain  material  from  both  the  "Latrania  Sands"  and  "Im- 
perial Formation"  as  defined  above.] 

Stations  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences 

680.  Alverson    Canon,   Coyote   Mountain,    Imperial   County,    California; 

from  coarse  sandy  limestone  above  coral  reef. 

681.  Alverson   Canon,    Coyote   Mountain,    Imperial    County,    California; 

from  the  coral  reef  which  crosses  the  canon  toward  its  source. 

682.  From  the  first  narrow,  box  canon  east  of  Alverson  Canon,  Coyote 

Mountain,  Imperial  County,  California. 

683.  From  the  second  canon  east  of  Alverson  Canon.  Coyote  Mountain, 

Imperial  County,  California. 

684.  North  side  of  Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial  County,  California;  from 

canon  one-half  mile  north  of  road  to  marble  quarry  but  west  of 
red  hills  on  north  side  of  road. 

685.  Northeast  corner  of  Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial  County,  California; 

from  a  bank  100  yards  south  of  road  to  marble  quarry;  in  the 
flat  betv/een  red  hills  on  the  north  and  Coyote  Mountain  on  the 
south. 

686.  One  mile  northwest  of  James  Well,  east  of  Coyote  Mountain,  Im- 

perial County,  California;  from  a  high  projection  of  a  solid  shell 
reef;  the  reef  dips  east  about  30°. 

687.  From  a  clay  shale  layer  which  underlies  the  shell   reef  hill   (No. 

686),  Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial  County,  California. 

688.  From  a  wash  two  miles  west  of  James  Well  and  one  mile  south  of 

base  of  Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial  County,  California. 

689.  Oyster  reef  near  same  place  as  No.  688. 

690.  From  first  knoll  northwest  of  thef  shell  reef  hill  (No.  686),  Coyote 

Mountain,  Imperial  County,  California. 

691.  Uppermost  layers  one  mile  northwest  of  James  Well  and  east  of 

base  of  Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial  County,  California. 

692.  Oyster  bed  one-half  mile  northeast  of  James  Well  and  two  miles 

northeast  of  base  of  Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial  County, 
California. 

693.  Yuha  Buttes,  Imperial  Count>-,  California. 


440  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

701.  A  miscellaneous  collection  of  fossils  received  without  definite  lo- 
cality data,  other  than  Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial  County,  Cali- 
fornia, from  California  State  Mining  Bureau,  collected  by  Dr. 
Stephen  Bowers. 

[All  of  the  above  Academy  collections  except  No.  701  were 
made  by  the  writer  in  January,  1921.  Localities  680,  682-685 
are  from  the  "Latrania  Sands";  locality  681  is  from  the  Im- 
perial Formation;  localities  686-693  are  from  the  "Yuha 
Reefs"  as  defined  above.] 

Bibliography 

The  following  list  of  titles  is  not  intended  to  be  complete 
for  the  whole  of  the  desert  region  of  southeastern  California. 
Only  those  references  are  given  which  pertain  to  the  geology 
of  the  vicinity  of  Co3^ote  Mountain,  and  which  have  been  used 
in  the  preparation  of  this  paper.  A  long  list  which  deals  with 
other  phases  of  the  interesting  region,  particularly  Imperial 
Valley  and  the  Salton  Sea,  has  been  intentionally  omitted  be- 
cause they  have  no  direct  bearing  on  the  paleontology  of  the 
district  here  treated.  One  exception  is  made  in  the  case  of  a 
detailed  account  of  desert  trails  and  watering  places,  a  publica- 
tion of  incalculable  value  to  any  one  who  may  make  explora- 
tions of  any  kind  in  the  region. 

Arnold,  Ralph — The  faunal  relations  of  the  Carrizo  Creek  Beds  of  Cali- 
fornia.   Science,  n.  s.,  Vol.  19,  1904,  p.  503. 

— Paleontology  of   the   Coalinga   District,    Fresno   and 

Kings  counties,  California.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Bull.  396,  1909.  On  p. 
44  the  Carrizo  Creek  formation  is  correlated  with  the  Etchegoin  of 
San  Joaquin  Valley  upon  the  presence  of  Pecten  dcserti  Conrad. 

Blake,  Wm.  P. — Pacific  Railroad  Survey  Reports,  Vol.  5,  1857,  pp.  108, 
120-123.  On  the  pages  cited  is  given  an  account  of  the  occurrence 
of  the  fossils  at  the  mouth  of  Carrizo  Creek. 

Bowers,  Stephen — Reconnaissance  of  the  Colorado  Desert  Mining  District. 
California  State  Mining  Bureau,  separate  publication,   1901,   19  pp. 

Brown,  J.  S. — Routes  to  Desert  Watering  Places  in  the  Salton  Sea  Re- 
gion, California.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey  Water  Supply  Paper  No. 
490-a,  1920.  The  same,  much  enlarged  and  with  a  great  deal  of 
general  information,  by  the  same  author  appeared  as  "The  Salton 
Sea  Region  of  California."  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Water  Supply  Paper 
No.  497,  1923,  pp.  1-292;  maps. 


Vol.  XIV]  H.-1.VN.4— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  44^ 

Conrad,  T.  A. — Pacific  Railroad  Survey  Reports,  Vol.  5  (Geology),  1857, 
App.  2,  pp.  325-326,  pi.  5.  Four  species  of  fossil  Mollusca  are  de- 
scribed from  a  locality  near  where  Carrizo  Creek  flows  out  of  the 
mountains  on  the  west  to  the  valley  floor.  A  footnote  on  the  title 
page  states  that  the  descriptions  were  originally  published  in  1855  in 
the  appendix  to  the  Preliminary  Report  on  Geology  by  Wm.  P. 
Blake.  See  House  Executive  Document,  No.  129,  33rd  Cong.  1st 
Sess.  1855. 

DiCKERSON,  R.  E. — Mollusca  of  the  Carrizo  Creek  Beds  and  their  Carri- 
bean  Afiinities.     (Abstract),  Geol.  Soc.  Am.  Bull.  29,  1918,  p.  148. 

Fairbanks,  H.  W. — Eleventh  Ann.  Rept.  Calif.  State  Mineralogist,  1893, 
pp.  88,  90. 

Kew,  Wm.  S.  W. — Tertiary  Echinoids  of  the  Carrizo  Creek  Region  in  the 
Colorado  Desert.  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.  Bull.  Dept.  Geol.  Vol.  8,  1914, 
pp.  39-60. 

Cretaceous    and    Cenozoic    Echinoidea    of    the    Pacific 

Coast  of  North  America.  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.  Geol.  Vol.  12,  No.  2, 
1920.  The  Coyote  Mountain  echinoderms  are  redescribed  in  this 
paper. 

Mendenhall,  W.  C. — Notes  on  the  Geology  of  Carrizo  Mountain,  San 
Diego  County,  California.  Journal  of  Geology,  Vol.  18,  1910,  pp. 
336-355. 

Merrill,  J.  H. — Geology  and  Mineral  Resources  of  San  Diego  and 
Imperial  counties  (California).  Advance  Report  Calif.  State  Min- 
eralogist, Dec.  1914,  pp.  1-113.  The  same  was  reprinted  in  1916  as 
a  part  of  the  14th  Ann.  Rept.  Calif.  St.  Min.  for  1913-1914  pp.  633- 
743.  Much  information  on  the  geology  of  Imperial  County  is  con- 
tained in  this  report.  On  p.  105  is  reproduced  a  photograph  showing 
borings  of  marine  mollusks  in  marble  on  the  slopes  of  Coyote 
Mountain.  At  the  end  of  the  paper,  20  references  to  places  in  the 
State  Mining  Bureau's  publications  are  cited  which  deal  with  the 
geology  or  mineral  resources  of  Imperial  County ;  most  of  these 
treat  of  mining  operations. 

NoMLAND,  J.  O. — Corals  from  the  Cretaceous  and  Tertiary  of  California 
and  Oregon.  Univ.  of  Calif.  Publ.  Bull.  Dept.  Geol.  Vol.  9,  1916, 
pp.  59-76. 

Orcutt,  Charles  R. — Geology  of  the  Colorado  Desert.  10th  Ann.  Rep. 
Cal.  State  Min.  for  1890,  pp.  899-919.  A  bibliography  and  long  ac- 
count of  the  fossils  are  given. 

— The  Colorado  Desert.     West  Am.   Scientist,  Vol.   12, 

No.  102,  1901. 

Vaughan,  T.  W. — A  Calif ornian  Tertiary  Coral  Reef  and  its  bearing  on 
American  Recent  Coral  Faunas.    Science  N.  S.  Vol.  19,  1904,  p.  503. 

— The  Eocene  and  Lower  Oligocene  Coral  Faunas  of  the 

United  States.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Monog.  No.  39,  1900.  On  pp.  142 
and  151,  pis.  15,  17,  three  Imperial  County  corals  are  described.  • 


442  CALIFORNIA  ACADEi\fy  OF  SCIENCES  {Paoc.  4th  Ser. 

Vaughan,  T.  W. — In  Arnold,  Tertiary  and  Quaternary  Pectena  of  Cali- 
fornia, U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof.  Ppr.  47,  1906.  On  p.  22,  is  given  a 
list  of  Coyote  Mountain  fossil  corals ;  some  new  names  without 
descriptions  appear. 

— The   Reef -coral   Fauna   of    Carrizo   Creek,   Imperial 

County,  California,  and  its  Significance.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof. 
Ppr.  98,  pt.  5,  1917,  pp.  355-386,  pis.  94-102.  This  important  paper 
gives  a  complete  resume  of  the  geology  of  the  district  up  to  the 
date  of  publication. 

Weaver,  C.  E. — New  Echinoids  from  the  Tertiary  of  California.  Univ. 
Calif.  Publ.  Geol.  Vol.  5,  1908,  pp.  271-274. 


Gastropoda 
Architcctonica  quadriceps  Hinds 
Plate  20,  figures  5,  6 


Specimens  examir 

fed 

ocality 

Collection 

Number 

55 

U.C. 

5 

738 

U.C 

3 

681 

C.A.S. 

1 

6847 

U.S.G.S. 

1 

The  best  preserved  one  of  the  above  (Loc.  738,  U.C.)  has 
been  figured.  All  have  been  crystallized  and  this  has  tended  to 
obscure  the  fine  sculpture.  In  size,  shape,  and  sculpture  the 
fossils  agree  very  well  with  the  figure  of  quadriceps  given  by 
Tryon,^  but  the  spiral  cords  are  not  broken  into  beads  as  in  the 
Gulf  of  California  species  commonly  called  granulata  S. 
quadriceps  was  described  from  Panama.® 

2.    Bullaria  striata  Bruguiere 
Plate  20,  figure  9 

Butla  striata  Brug.  Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.  Vol.  15,  1893,  p.  332,  pi.  37,  figs. 

42-46. 
Bullaria  striata  attenu^ta  Dall,  Trans.  Wagner  Free  Inst.  Sci.  Vol.  3,  pt. 

2,  1892,  p.  219,  pi.  13,  dg.  10a. 

'  TtYON,  Man.  Conch.  Vol.  9.  1887.  p.  10.  pi.  4,  6g3.  39,  40. 
•  Hinds,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,   1844,  p.  23. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANWA— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  443 

Bulla  paupcrcnla  Sovverbv,  Quart.  Journ.  Geol.  Soc.  Ix)ndon.  Vol.  6,  1849, 
p.  52— Gabb.  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  Vol.  15,  1873,  p.  246— Guppv, 
Quart.  Journ.  Geol.  Soc.  Lond.,  Vol.  Z2,  1876,  p.  518. 

Bnlhria  paupercula  Sowerbv,  Maury,  Bull.  Am.  Pal.  No.  29,  1917,  p.  182, 
pi.  3,  fig.  8. 


Specitnens  examined 

.ocality 

Collection 

Number 

680 

CA.S. 

1 

682 

CA.S. 

13 

3922 

U.S.G.S. 

2 

3923 

U.S.G.S. 

2 

6847 

U.S.G.S. 

5 

B.  striata  is  a  species  now  found  living  in  the  Mediterranean 
Sea  and  Pilsbry  has  shown  that  the  West  Indian  living  shells, 
usually  called  B.  amygdala  Dilhvin,  cannot  be  separated 
from  it. 

Dall''*  listed  the  species  as  striata  from  the  Bowden,  Jamaica 
deposits,  which  were  then  thought  to  be  Oligocene  in  age. 
Maury,  however,  continued  to  use  the  name  paupercula  for  the 
fossils  from  Santo  Domingo  because  "Sowerby's  species  has 
been  so  much  used  it  seems  best  to  retain  it  for  the  fossil." 

The  figures  of  Pilsbry  are  as  nearly  identical  with  the  Cali- 
fornia fossils  as  it  appears  necessary  for  them  to  be.  Shape 
and  size  are  very  nearly  the  same.  The  fossils  are  somewhat 
eroded  and  crystallized,  but  it  is  possible  to  see  that  there  were 
six  spiral  lines  on  the  base  and  three  near  the  apex  of  those 
best  preserved.  The  apical  umbilicus  is  wide  and  the  angula- 
tion of  the  shell  there  is  marked.  The  specimen  illustrated 
herewith  measures  26.1  mm.  in  altitude  and  14  mm.  in  diam- 
eter. The  loosening  of  the  outer  layer  of  the  shell  has  pro- 
duced a  columellar  channel  which,  being  artificial,  should  be 
ignored  in  comparisons.  There  does  not  appear  to  be  a  Gulf 
of  California  living  "analogue"  of  this  West  Indian  form,  nor 
has  anything  like  it  been  recorded  from  the  Isthmuses  of 
Tuhauntepec  and  Panama  fossil  deposits.  Whether  present- 
day  taxonomists  would  give  the  Jklediterranean  form  so  wide  a 
geographic  and  stratigraphic  range  as  this  cannot  be  answered, 
but,  accepting  the  work  of  the  past,  no  biologic  reason  could 
be  discovered  in  the  fossils  to  warrant  their  separation. 

'Trans.  Wag.  Free  In.st.  Vol.  3,  pt.  6,  1903,  p.   IS83. 


444  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Sek. 

3.    Cancellaria  obesa  Sowerby 
Plate  20,  figures  3,  4 


Specimens  examined 

Locality 

GDlIection 

Number 

701 

C.A.S. 

1 

4 

U.C. 

1 

738 

U.C. 

36 

•  • 

S.D.S.N.H. 

5 

Shape  and  sculpture  in  this  series  are  variable,  but  less  so 
than  among  an  equal  number  of  living  shells  from  Magdalena 
Bay,  Lower  California.  Some  of  the  fossils  are  almost  smooth 
on  the  body  whorls,  a  senile  character  apparently,  while  others 
are  heavily  cancellated.  Between  the  two  fonns,  there  is  every 
stage  of  intergradation.  The  name,  C.  tirceolata  Hinds  ap- 
pears to  have  been  applied  to  the  strongly  marked  forms,  and 
if  this  name  be  admitted,  it  should  certainly  be  applied  to  some 
of  the  above  fossils. 

The  largest  of  the  above  listed  specimens  (S.  D.  S.  N.  H. 
coll. )  is  45  mm.  in  altitude  and  23  mm.  in  diameter,  but  living 
specimens  have  been  seen  which  considerably  exceed  these 
dimensions. 

The  Gatun  species,  C.  dariena  Toula,"  seems  to  be  strongly 
marked  constantly,  and  differs  otherwise  from  the  Coyote 
Mountain  fossils. 

4.    Cassis  subtuberosa  Hanna,  new  species 
Plate  20,  figure  8 ;  plate  29,  figures  2,  3 

Shell  with  a  single  row  of  low,  close-set  tubercles  around 
the  periphery  of  the  last  half  of  the  last  whorl ;  spiral  striation 
absent  but  last  part  of  last  whorl  irregularly  longitudinally 
ribbed ;  spire  moderately  elevated,  conical ;  columellar  face  and 
expanded  outer  lip  roughly  triangular  in  shape ;  1 1  low  lamel- 
lar teeth  on  the  outer  lip;  columellar  face  irregularly  ridged 
in  the  lower  part ;  the  upper  projecting  angle  somewhat  eroded 
due  to  wear  before  the  specimen  was  preserved. 

The  species  is  most  closely  related  to  C.  tuberosa  Linnaeus. 
In  addition  to  the  type  specimen  two  others  are  in  the  series  of 
shells  examined,  but  only  one  is  of  value  in  defining  the  species. 

"Jahr.  K.  K.  Geol.   Reich.,  Vol.  58,   1908,  p.  703,  pi.  25.  fig.   13,  pi.  28,  fig.  2. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  445 

This  is  a  younger  individual  than  the  type  and  three  indistinct 
rows  of  tubercles  are  visible  on  the  body  whorl.  This  suggests 
C.  sulcifcra  Sowerby,'^  but  all  three  rows  in  that  species  con- 
tinue to  develop  to  maturity. 

The  upper  projection  of  the  enamelled  columellar  face  is  ex- 
tended almost  exactly  in  the  same  proportion  in  the  younger 
individual  of  subtitberosa  as  in  C.  tuberosa.  This  specimen 
indicates  that  there  may  be  intergradation  between  the  fossils 
and  living  forms  if  sufficient  material  were  at  hand  for  study. 
In  neither  of  the  fossils  are  the  tubercles  massive  nor  do  the 
earlier  ones  show  in  the  aperture  of  the  shell  as  in  C.  tuberosa. 

Type  and  paratype:  In  the  collection  of  the  University  of 
California  from  Loc.  738,  Alverson  Canon,  Coyote  Mountain, 
Imperial  County,  California.  Another  very  poorly  preserved 
specimen  is  listed  under  locality  701  (C.A.S.).  Casts  of  the 
type  and  paratype  are  Nos.  1799  and  1800  (C.  A.  S.  coll.). 

The  finding  of  this  fossil  Cassis  is  believed  to  be  the  first 
definite  record  of  one  of  the  larger  species  of  the  genus  on  the 
west  coast  of  North  America,  either  living  or  fossil.  So  far  as 
I  am  aware,  none  has  been  found  in  the  Tertiary  deposits  of 
the  West  Indies  or  the  southern  states,  although  three  species 
are  found  living  there  at  the  present  time.  C.  tuberosa  was  not 
found  by  F.  M.  Anderson  in  any  of  the  fossil  deposits  of 
Colombia  or  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  but  recent  specimens 
were  secured  by  him  at  the  former  place.  One  of  these  has 
only  five  tubercles  on  the  periphery  of  the  last  whorl.  Two 
other  specimens  in  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  from 
the  Bahama  Islands  have  eight  and  six  respectively.  In  every 
case  these  assume  the  character  of  blunt  spines  and  are  rather 
distantly  separated. 

5.    Cerithium  incisum  Sowerby 

Lampania  inctsa  Sowerby,  Thes.  Conch.  Vol.  2,  1855,  p.  868,  fig.  152. 
Cerithium  incisum  Sowerby,  Tryon,  Man.  Conch.  Vol.  9,  1887,  p.  142,  pi.  26. 

Four  specimen  from  Loc.  682  (C.A.S.)  agree  with  the  shell 
which  Tryon  has  figured  under  the  above  name.  The  best  one 
is  fairly  well  preserved,  but  the  upper  part  of  the  spire  is 
lacking. 

"  Ouart.  Tourn.  Geol.  vSoc.  Lond..  Vol.  6,  1849,  p.  47,  pi.  .10,  fig.  1.  Maury,  Bull. 
Aon.  Paleo.  No.  29,  1917,  p.  110,  pi.  18,  figs.  1,  2,  3. 


446  CALIFORNIA   ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [P«oc.  4th  Sf.r. 

6.    Conus  fergusoni  Sowerby 
Plate  21,  figures  6,  7 

Conus  fergusoni  Sowerby,  Proc.  Zool.   Soc.   Lond.,   1875,  p.  145,  pi.   15, 

fig.  1. 
(?)Conus  nwUis  Brown  &  Pilsbry,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1911,  p. 

343,  pi.  2i,  fig.  1   (Gatun  formation,  Isthmus  of  Panama). 

A  single  adult  and  17  young  of  a  large  cone  from  Loc.  738, 
have  been  referred  to  this  living  species  of  the  Gulf  of  Cali- 
fornia and  southward.  The  large  one  has  been  somewhat 
crushed  out  of  shape  and  otherwise  is  imperfect,  but  the  cor- 
rectness of  the  identification  is  fairly  certain.  This  specimen 
is  89.7  mm.  in  altitude  and  52  mm.  in  greatest  diameter. 
While  the  identity  of  it  with  the  living  form  is  advisable,  there 
is  considerable  doubt  as  to  the  correct  name  which  should  be 
applied.  C.  fergusoni  was  described  from  a  living  specimen 
from  Panama  and  has  since  been  found  at  numerous  localities 
on  the  west  coast.  The  California  Academy  of  Sciences'  col- 
lections contain  a  good  series.  In  them  there  are  also  several 
fine  specimens  from  the  Gatun  beds  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama. 
They  appear  to  be  identical  with  the  species  from  there 
which  was  named  C.  mollis  by  Brown  and  Pilsbry.  Both 
series  show  some  variation  in  height  of  spire  and  the  sculpture 
between  the  sutures. 

In  the  original  description  of  C.  mollis,  comparison  is  made 
with  Conns  haytensis  Sowerby,^"  a  species  which  was  described 
without  illustration  from  the  Santo  Domingo  Miocene. 
Maury,^^  however,  figured  it  and  remarked  upon  the  closeness 
of  C.  mollis  to  it.  If  they  should  prove  to  be  the  same,  as 
seems  likely,  C.  haytensis  will  replace  both  names,  fergusoni 
and  mollis. 

The  young  examples  from  locality  738  are  all  more  or  less 
imperfect  and  could,  with  equal  propriety,  be  determined  as 
any  one  of  a  dozen  named  species.  Through  crystallization 
they  have  lost  their  finer  sculpture  and  many  of  them  are 
crushetl  and  broken.  The  shape  does  not  deviate  from  that 
of  fergusoni  sufficiently  to  be  noted  herein. 

'-  Quart.  Journ.  Geol.  Soc.  Lond.,  Vol.  6,  1849.  p.  44. 
»»Bull.  Am.  Pal.  No.  29.  1917,  p.  35,  pi.  5,  fig.   1, 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  447 

7.    Conus  planiliratus  Sowerby 

Conns  ploniliratuj  Sowerbv,  Quart.  Joiirn.  Geol.  Soc.  Lond.,  Vol.  6,  1849, 
p.  44— Maurv,  Bull.  Am.  Palco.  No.  29,  1917,  p.  47,  pi.  7,  fig.  10. 

.\t  locality  738  nine  small  specimens  of  Conus  were  col- 
lected. All  are  imperfect,  being  badly  crystallized  and  the 
sculpture  is  in  no  condition  to  warrant  very  definite  identifi- 
cation. They  seem  to  be  closer  to  this  Miocene  species  of  West 
Indian  and  Panama  deposits  than  to  any  other.  In  the  most 
perfect  specimen  there  are  about  20  spiral  grooves,  but  whether 
the  ridges  have  been  cut  transversely,  it  is  impossible  to  ascer- 
tain. The  shape  of  the  spire  is  about  the  same  as  that  of  plani'- 
liratus  of  which  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  has  a 
large  series  from  Panama.  The  largest  specimen  from  Coyote 
Mountain,  however,  is  only  19  mm.  in  altitude  and  10.5  mm. 
in  greatest  diameter. 


8.    Conus  regularis  Sowerby 

Plate  21,  figure  8 

Conus  regularis  Sowerby,  Conch.  111.  1841,  fig.  45 — Dall,  Free.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  Vol.  38,  1910,  p.  221. 


Specimens  examined 

Locality 

Collection 

Number 

682 

C.A.S. 

11 

55 

U.C. 

4 

6847 

U.S.G.S. 

2 

The  above  name  is  applied  to  the  Coyote  Mountain  fossils 
with  the  meaning  attached  to  it  given  by  Dall  in  the  publica- 
tion, cited  above,  and  not  as  defined  by  Tryon.^"*  Most  of  the 
above  specimens  show  traces  of  bold  square  maculations  very 
distinctly.  In  the  fossils,  the  color  of  these  spots  is  brown,  in 
the  living  shells,  red. 


"Man.  Conch..  Vol.  4,  1884,  p.  37,  pi.  11,  figs.  98,  99,  100.  1,  2. 


,.#C.A/'>\ 


448  CALIFORNIA   ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

9.    Crepidula  onyx  Sowerby 

One  specimen  collected  by  Mr.  Frank  Stephens  at  Coyote 
Mountain  is  in  the  collection  of  the  San  Diego  Society  of 
Natural  History'.     It  is  rugose  like  one  figured  by  Tr>^on.^'^ 


10.    Crucibulum  spinosum  Sowerby 

Specimens  examined 

Locality  Collection  Number 

680  C.A.S.  2 

682  C.A.S.  1 

51  U.C  2 

3922  U.S.G.S.  1 

All  of  the  above  specimens  are  somew  hat  imj^erfect,  but  no 
characters  could  be  discovered  by  means  of  which  they  could 
be  distinguished  from  living  specimens  of  this  widespread 
and  highly  variable  species. 


1 1 .    Fasciolaria  princeps  Sowerby 


Number 


Specimens  examined 

Locality 

Q)llection 

56 

U.C. 

738 

U.C. 

688 

CA.S. 

701 

C.A.S. 

3922 

U.S.G.S. 

3923 

U.S.G.S. 

The  best  preserved  of  the  above  specimens  (Loc.  738  U.C.) 
are  referred  to  F.  princeps  without  hesitation.  The  species  is 
found  living  from  Magdalena  Bay,  Lower  California,  to 
Panama,  and  a  considerable  series  has  been  available  for  com- 
parison. It  is  understood  that  the  shells  of  the  species  are 
almost  indistinguishable  from  those  of  F.  papulosa  (F.  gi- 
gantea  Keiner)  of  the  east  coast,  but  considerable  differences 
exist  in  the  operculums.  Under  the  circumstances,  it  seems 
logical  to  refer  the  fossils  to  the  western  form. 

"  Man.  Conch.,  Vol.  8,  p.  128,  pi.  37,  fig.  37. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANN A— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  449 

12.    Ficus  decussata  Wood 
Plate  21,  figure  9 


Specimens  examined 

Ivocality 
55 
682 

Collection 
U.C. 
C.A.S. 

Number 
2 
2 

One  of  the  specimens  from  the  last  lot  mentioned  above  is 
fairly  well  preserved;  it  measures  30  mm.  in  altitude;  22.5 
mm.  in  diameter.  The  other  specimens  are  small  casts  not 
readily  determinable  with  certainty,  but  presumably  the  same. 
Even  the  best  preserved  has  so  crystallized  that  the  minute 
sculpture  cannot  be  discerned  and  apical  characters  have  been 
lost.  Burnett  Smith^*^  in  treating  of  the  morphology  of  the 
genus  gave  apical  characters  for  the  separation  of  most  of  the 
living  species,  but  did  not  indicate  the  constancy  of  sculpture 
in  a  large  series  of  shells  from  one  locality. 

East  American  paleontologists  do  not  seem  to  have  adopted 
the  genus-name  Ficus  Bolten,  in  place  of  Pyriila  Lamarck,  as 
proposed  by  DalP^  in  1909.  Western  students  have  generally 
accepted  the  change  and  their  example  is  followed  herein, 
without,  however,  giving  consideration  to  the  merits  of  the 
case. 

F.  decussata  is  the  name  generally  used  for  the  common, 
species  found  living  in  the  Gulf  of  California.  A  large  series 
collected  in  1921  by  the  Expedition  from  the  Academy  has 
been  available  for  comparison  and  within  the  lot,  variation  in 
sculpture  is  sufificient  to  cover  the  Coyote  Mountain  fossils. 

13.    Littorina  varia  Sowerby 

Two  specimens  from  Loc.  6836  (U.S.G.S.)  have  been  re- 
ferred to  this  exceedingly  variable  species.  They  show  no 
trace  of  spiral  sculpture.  The  best  one  is  figured  and  measures, 
altitude  25.5  mm. ;  diameter  20  mm. 

The  species  belongs  to  a  tropical  group  which  is  exceedingly 
widespread.  The  east  coast  representative  is  L.  scabra  Lin- 
naeus ;  this  can  scarcely  be  separated  from  varia  with  certainty. 

"Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1907,  pp.  208-219.  pi.   17. 
"U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof.  Ppr.  59,  1909,  p.  74. 


450  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  IProc.  4th  Sek. 

14.    Malea  ringens  Swainson 
Plate  21,  figure  10 


Specimens  examined 

Locality 

Collection 

Number 

53 

U.C 

1 

55 

U.C 

22 

56 

U.C 

2 

738 

U.C. 

3 

7Z9 

U.C. 

3 

680 

CA.S. 

3 

681 

C.A.S. 

1 

682 

C.A.S. 

1 

701 

C.A.S. 

4 

3919 

U.S.G.S. 

2 

3922 

U.S.G.S. 

1 

2923 

U.S.G.S. 

3 

6847 

U.S.G.S. 

1 

This  large  series  consists  of  some  well  preserved  si>eciinens 
and  others  which  are  merely  casts.  The  largest  is  only  75  mm. 
in  altitude,  which  is  small  as  compared  with  some  recent  si)eci- 
mens  from  the  Gulf  of  California.  The  number  of  spiral  ribs 
varies  from  13  to  20  and  there  appear  to  be  no  characters  for 
specific  separation  of  the  fossils  from  living  specimens. 

The  name  M.  cainura  was  given  to  a  fossil  from  Santo 
Domingo  in  1866"  and  Gabb^'*  has  stated  that  it  is  the  same  as 
M.  ringens.  As  camura,  Maury'°  has  figured  it  from  Santo 
Domingo,  and  it  has  been  listed  under  that  name  from  Gatun." 
The  two  forms  are  certainly  very  close,  perhaps  identical. 

15.    Mitra  sulcata  Swainson 

Two  imj)erfcct  specimens  from  Loc.  738  (U.C.)  have  been 
referred  to  this  species  in  the  sense  in  which  Tryon--  used  the 
name.  The  preserved  sculpture  is  identical  with  that  of  living 
specimens  from  the  west  coast  of  Central  America  which  are 
available  for  comparison. 

"GupFV,  Quart.  Journ.  Geol.   Soc.  London,  Vol.  22,  1866,  p.  287,  pi.   17,  fig.  9. 

"Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Sec,  Vol.  14,  1873,  p.  223. 

=*BuLL.  29,  Am-  Paleo.,  1917,  p.  112.  pi.   19,  fig.   3. 

"  Brow.n  &  PiLSBRY,  Proc.   Acad.   Nat.   .Sci.  Phila.,    1911,  p.   356. 

"Man.  Conch..  Vol.  4,   1882,  p.   139. 


Vol..  XIVJ  HANSA-COYOTE  MOVNTAiyj   FOSSILS  451 

16.    Mitrularia  equestris  Liniueus 

Five  casts  of  what  appeared  to  be  this  species  were  collected 
on  Coyote  Moiuitain  by  Mr.  Frank  Stephens  for  the  San  Diego 
Society  of  Natural  History. 

17.    Modulus  unidens  Lister 

Three  specimens  from  locality  6847  (U.S.G.S.)  and  seven 
fiom  locality  682  (C.A.S.)  are  almost  certainly  referable  to 
this  variable  species  found  living  in  the  Gulf  of  California  as 
well  as  on  the  east  coast.  All  are  crystallized  so  that  the  finer 
sculpture  cannot  be  seen,  but  they  agree  with  small  specimens 
of  unidens  in  shape.  The  margin  is  rather  sharply  carinate 
and  the  base  has  about  five  spiral  cords.  The  largest  specimen 
is  five  mm.  in  diameter.  The  tooth  on  the  columella  does  not 
differ  from  that  of  living  specimens  from  the  Gulf  of 
California. 

18.    Natica  unifasciata  Lamarck 


Specimens  exami 

ned 

Locality 

Collection 

Number 

738 

U.C. 

7 

682 

CA.S. 

2 

6847 

U.S.G.S. 

3 

These  specimens  appear  to  belong  to  unifasciata  as  repre- 
sented in  collections  available  from  Panama  northward  and 
by  fossils  from  the  Pleistocene  deposits  of  Magdalena  Bay. 
Lower  California.  Nevertheless  the  identification  is  attended 
with  some  uncertaintv  due  to  the  difficulties  of  determining 
s]>ecies  in  the  genus  and  the  comparatively  poor  preservation 
of  the  Coyote  Mountain  fossils. 

19.    Natica  uber  Valenciennes 

Of  this  species  there  are  LS  specimens  from  locality  738 
(U.C),  one  from  locality  6847  (U.S.G.S.)  and  four  from 
locality  682  (C.A.S. ).  It  is  known  from  Pleistocene  deposits 
of  the  west  coast  of  Lower  California,  the  Galapagos  Islands 

March  23,  1926 


452  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Pkoc  4th  Ser. 

and  Payta,  Peru,  and  lives  now  from  the  Gulf  of  California  as 
far  south  as  Callao,  Peru,  according  to  Dall.-' 

20.    Nerita  scabricostata  Lamarck 

A  fragment  of  a  Nerita  10  mm.  across  came  from  locality 
738  (U.  C).  Only  the  upper  surface  of  the  first  two  whorls 
is  preserved.  The  sculpture  of  this  is  the  same  as  of  A''. 
scabncostata,  a  living  species  found  from  the  Gulf  of  California 
to  Panama. 

21.    Neritina  picta  Sowerby 

Eleven  si)ecimens  of  this  sj^ecies  came  from  locality  6847 
(U.S.G.S.)  and  77  from  locality  682  (C.A.S.).  This  large 
number  shows,  as  usual  in  the  species,  considerable  variation 
in  fonn.  In  many  of  them  the  color  is  preserved  and  corre- 
sponds fairly  well  with  that  of  living  A^  picta  from  the  Gulf 
of  California  and  southward. 


22.    Oliva  spicata  Bolten 
Plate  21,  figures  4,  5 


Specimens  examined 

rocality 

G)llection 

Number 

6847 

U.S.G.S. 

5 

738 

U.C. 

70 

682 

C.A.S. 

8 

.. 

S.D.S.N.H. 

9 

This  large  series  contains  no  variations  which  are  not  found 
in  a  series  of  recent  specimens  of  equal  size  from  the  Gulf  of 
California.  The  form  named  angulata  by  Lamarck  does  not 
seem  to  be  entitled  to  even  subspecific  rank  because  it  is  found 
with  typical  spicata  and  there  appears  to  be  perfect  intergrada- 
tion  between  the  two.  This  is  true  of  the  fossils  as  well  as  the 
recent  specimens. 

The  east  coast  analogue  of  this  species  is  O.  reticularis 
Lamarck.  It  likewise  is  subject  to  considerable,  but  less  vari- 
ation  and   in   a  large   series   intergradation   with  spicata   is 

»Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Vol.  37,  1910,  p.  235. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  453 

thorough,  jiarticularly  when  the  fossils  are  considered.  Since 
the  latter  name  has  precedence  the  eastern  shells  will  probably 
eventually  take  a  subspecific  name. 

The  synonymy  of  North  American  living  species  of  Oliva 
has  been  thoroughly  worked  out  by  Johnson,  "  Mazyck"*^  and 
Vanatta.'-' 

The  fossil  forms  exhibit  the  great  range  of  variation  in  size 
for  which  the  recent  species  is  know.  The  largest  specimen 
in  the  collections  measures  78.5  mm.  in  altitude  and  38.3  mm. 
in  diameter.  Another  broken  one  was  45  mm.  in  diameter. 
The  large  specimens  show  a  tendency  to  have  an  angulated 
periphery.  Johnson"  has  listed  27  specific  and  subspecific 
names  which  have  been  applied  to  living  specimens. 

23.    Olivella  gracilis  Broderip  and  Sowerby 

At  Loc.  738,  there  was  obtained  a  single  badly  broken  speci- 
men of  a  slender  Olivella,  having  no  characters  distinct  from 
the  recent  species  of  the  Gulf  of  California. 

24.    Solenosteira  anomala  Reeve 

Plate  20,  figures  1,  2 

Nine  specimens  which  have  been  identified  as  this  species 
came  from  locality  738  (U.C).  They  are  the  same  as  Bose^* 
listed  and  figured  as  Melongena  mengeana  Dall,  from  Paso 
Real  cerca  de  Tuxtepec,  Oaxaca  deposits  which  he  called  Plio- 
cene. The  species  lives  on  the  west  coast  of  Mexico  at  the 
present  time  and  is  found  living  and  in  Pleistocene  beds  at 
Magdalena  Bay  on  the  Pacific  side  of  the  Peninsula  of  Lower 
California.  The  fossils  from  Imperial  County,  Califoniia  are 
identical  with  S.  anomala  as  figiu'ed  by  Tryon^"  and  repre- 
sented by  various  specimens  in  the  collection  of  the  California 
Academy  of  Sciences.  Tryon  called  the  species  a  synonym  of 
Melongena  pallida    (Brod.   &    Sowby.),   but  the   differences 

"Nautilus,  Vol.  24,  1910-11,  pp.  49,  64,  and  121;   Nautilus,  Vol.   28,   1915,  pp.  97 
and  114. 

=»  Nautilus,  Vol.  28,   1915,  p.   139. 

=«  Nautilus,  Vol.  29,  1915,  p.  67. 

=^Naut.,  Vol.  28,   1915,  p.   115. 

=«  Bull.  Inst.  Geol.  Mex.  No.  22,  1906,  p.  40,  pi.  4.  figs.  25,  26. 

=»Man.  Conch.,  Vol.  3,  1881,  p.   109,  pi.  42,  figs.  212.  213. 


454  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

seem  sufficiently  great  to  be  recognized.  It  is  true,  however, 
that  several  allied  species  of  the  group  form  an  intergrading 
series. 

25.    Strombus  galeatus  Swainson 


Specimens  examined 

Tx)cality 

Collection 

Number 

738 

u.c. 

2 

680 

CA.S. 

2 

682 

C.A.S. 

2 

701 

CA.S. 

2 

3923 

U.S.G.S. 

2 

Most  of  these  specimens  have  weathered  out  as  internal 
casts,  but  size  and  shape  are  so  nearly  identical  with  living  ones 
of  this  abundant  Gulf  of  California  species  that  they  are  un- 
hesitatingly classed  as  the  same. 

26.    Strombus  gracilior  Sowerby 

Four  si^ccimens,  some  of  which  are  well  preserved,  have 
come  from  localities  682  and  701.  They  do  not  differ  in  any 
noteworthy  feature  from  recent  and  fossil  shells  in  the  collec- 
tion from  Magdalena  Bay,  Lower  California,  and  a  very  large 
.«eries  collected  in  the  Gulf  in  1921  by  Dr.  Fred  Baker. 

27.    Strombus  obliteratus  llanna,  new  species 

Plate  20,  figure  7 

Shell  similar  to  Strotiibiis  Qraniilatus  Grav  but  shorter  and 
stouter;  a  row  of  prominent  spines  situated  on  the  shoulder  of 
all  the  whorls ;  this  is  succeeded  on  the  body  whorl  by  another 
row,  below ;  although  these  are  smaller  than  the  shoulder  row, 
they  are  much  more  pronounced  than  the  middle  row  of 
nodules  on  the  body  whorl  of  S.  (^rmnilatiis.^'^  The  third  and 
lowermost  row  of  nodules  on  the  latter  is  replaced  in  5.  oblit- 
eratus by  a  spiral  ridge :  between  this  and  the  rows  of  spines, 
there  is  no  indication  of  s])iral  sculpture  which  is  so  pro- 
nounced in  the  recent  species ;  no  granulation  is  present  on  the 

="'Tryon,  Man.   Conch.,  Vol.   7,  1885,  p.    110,  pi.   3,  fig.   2. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSUS  455 

inside  of  the  outer  apertural  margin  in  the  type  or  any  of  the 
other  specimens  which  are  well  enough  preserved  to  show  it. 
Altitude  61  mm. ;  diameter,  45  mm. 

Type:  No.  1809,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  Loc.  682, 
Alvcrson  Canon,  Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial  County,  Cali- 
fornia; G.  D.  Hanna,  coll. 


Specimens  examined 

Locality 

Collection 

Number 

680 

C.A.S. 

1 

682 

CA.S. 

6 

701 

CA.S. 

17 

738, 53, 55.56 

U.C. 

5 

6847 

U.S.G.S. 

3 

.. 

S.D.S.N.H. 

1 

While  having  undoubted  close  relationship  with  S.  granu- 
latus  this  species  does  not  appear  to  intergrade  with  it  in  the 
important  characters  mentioned. 


28.    Terebra  gausapata  Brown  &  Pilsbry 

Plate  22,  figures  4,  5 

One  specimen  was  found  at  Loc.  738  (U.C).  It  is  very 
well  presented  as  shown  by  the  figure  herewith.  Its  identity 
with  the  species  described  by  Brown  &  Pilsbry^^  is  not 
doubted.  Of  that  species  there  are  four  specimens  from  Gatun 
in  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  and  some  of  them  do 
not  differ  appreciably  from  the  one  from  Imperial  County, 
California.  Brown  &  Pilsbry  apparently  had  but  a  single 
specimen  upon  which  to  base  their  original  description  and 
therefore  were  unable  to  make  any  statement  as  to  the  vari- 
ation or  the  relationship  of  the  species.  Attention  is  there- 
fore called  to  the  fact  that  the  spiral  striation  which  they  men- 
tion as  being  present  on  the  sutural  band  can  scarcely  be  dis- 
cerned in  some  specimens  while  in  others  it  is  very  plain.  The 
tiumber  of  ribs  on  each  whorl  varies  from  14  to  18  in  speci- 
mens from  Gatun  and  the  one  from  southern  California  has 
20.  Spiral  threads  below  the  sutural  band  var}'  in  number 
from  three  to  five. 

"Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila..  1911.  p.  340,  pt.  22.  figs.  8.  9. 


456  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Pkoc.  4th  Se*. 

Some  specimens  of  T.  pedroana  Dall  have  convex  spires  like 
T.  gausapata,  but  they  are  rare  and  differ  in  sculpture.  So  far 
as  a  large  series  of  the  former  show,  the  two  species  cannot  be 
connected  by  a  series  of  intergrades.  The  fossils  seem  closer 
to  the  east  coast  Pliocene  and  recent  species,  T.  dislocata  (Say) 
than  to  the  west  coast  forni.  T.  martini  English,  from  the 
Fernando  Pliocene  of  California  is  a  shell  similar  in  size  to 
gausapata  but  the  vertical  ribbing  is  much  more  pronounced  in 
most  specimens  and  the  spiral  lines  are  obsolete  or  nearly  so. 

29.    Terebra  protexta  Conrad 

Terebra  protexta  G)NRad,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  Vol.  3,  1843,  p.  26 — 
Tryon,  Man.  Conch.,  Vol.  7,  1885,  p.  25,  pi.  6,  fig.  98. 

A  single  poorly  preserved  specimen  of  a  Terebra  was  se- 
cured at  Loc.  682  (C.A.S.)  which  has  the  very  fine  ribbing  of 
this  common  species  of  Florida.  There  is  no  species  known 
from  the  west  coast  of  America  at  the  present  time  which  ap- 
pears to  approach  this  condition.  The  specimen  did  not  ex- 
ceed 10  mm.  in  length  when  it  was  perfect. 

30.    Turns  albida(?)  Perry 


Specimens  examined 

ocality 
738 
6847 

Q)llection 

u.c 

U.S.G.S. 

Number 
6 

1 

The  last  measures  34.5  mm.  in  length  and  19  mm.  in  width. 
If  T.  albida  includes  all  of  the  variations  which  DalP^  and 
Maury^^  attribute  to  it  then  certainly  it  mu.st  include  the  speci- 
mens from  Imperial  County,  California.  Of  the  numerous 
variations  the  latter  resembles  most  the  one  figured  by  Maury^' 
as  r.  a.  barret ti  (Guppy)"  from  the  Miocene  of  Jamaica.  The 
range  of  the,  species  is  given  as  from  the  Oligocene  of  Vicks- 
burg,  Mississippi,  through  the  various  Tertiary  horizons  of  the 
West  Indies,  Florida  and  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  to  the 
Recent.     A  large  series  of  fossils  from  Gatun  shows  no  such 

"Trans.  Wag.  Inst..  Vol.  3,  1890,  pt.  1,  p.  28,  pi.  4,  fig.  8a. 

»  Bull.  29,  Am.  Pake,  1917,  p.  214,  pi.  8,  figs.  4-8. 

"  op.  cit.  fig.  5. 

"Quart.  Journ.  Geol.  Soc.  London,  Vol.  22,  1866,  p.  290,  pi.  17.  fig.  6. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA—COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  457 

lange  of  variation  as  Maury  has  figured,  and  they  have  more 
numerous  ribs  and  are  nearer  unifomi  in  size  than  the  speci- 
mens from  California.  If  these  latter  were  not  imperfect,  it 
would  be  possible  to  say  definitely  whether  they  were  the 
same,  but  they  all  lack  canals,  and,  moreover,  the  shell  sub- 
stance is  crystallized  so  that  the  finer  sculpture  is  obliterated. 
No  west  coast  species  is  known  with  which  comparison  can 
be  made. 

31.    Turritella  impcriaJis  Hanna,  new  species 
Plate  21,  figures  1,  2,  3 

Shell  robust,  slender,  apical  angle  from  10°  to  12" ;  suture 
well  impressed;  whorls  deeply  constricted  in  the  middle,  thu.^ 
fomiing  spiral  ridges,  the  upi^er  of  which  is  slightly  the  larger ; 
each  ridge  slopes  gently  to  the  center  and  to  the  suture;  both 
are  indistinctly  noded  in  the  type  specimen;  in  others  nodes 
are  much  more  evident;  between  the  two  ridges  there  are  four 
faint  spiral  threads  in  the  ty[>e;  in  some  specimens  these  are 
scarcely  visible  and  in  others  they  are  stronger,  varying  in 
number  from  two  to  six ;  aperture  circular  with  the  exception 
of  the  deep  constriction  between  the  two  ridges. 

Type:  In  the  Univ.  Calif.  Coll.  from  Loc.  738  (U.  C.) 
Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial  County,  California;  collected  by 
W.  S.  W.  Kew.  A  cast  of  the  type  is  preserved  as  No.  1811, 
Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  collection  of  type  material. 

The  type  specimen  is  55  mm.  long  and  25  mm.  in  diameter. 
The  entire  length  of  this  specimen  was  about  125  mm. 


Specimens  examined 

Locality 

Q)llection 

Number 

738 

U.C. 

62 

6847 

U.S.G.S. 

3 

680 

CA.S. 

1 

681 

C.A.S. 

6 

682 

CA.S. 

4 

683 

CA.S. 

3 

685 

CA.S. 

8 

688 

CA.S. 

1 

701 

CA.S. 

4 

458  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Paoc  4th  Se«, 

This  Species  undoubtedly  belongs  to  a  group  which  attained 
maximum  development  in  the  Miocene  and  Pliocene  of  the 
east  coast  from  Maryland  to  the  West  Indies.  Variation 
among  them  has  been  so  great  that  many  names  have  been 
applied.  DalP*'  has  stated  that  these  .  .  .  "will  probably 
be  diminished  when  sufficient  material  has  been  brought  to- 
gether and  carefully  studied."  On  actual  comparison  of  the 
western  shells  with  Miocene  material  from  the  Chipola  Marls 
of  Florida  some  specimens  of  the  latter  are  found  which  af>- 
proach  very  closely.  These  I  take  to  be  T.  terebriformis  Dall,*^ 
an  unfigured  species.  The  only  observable  difference  which 
appears  to  be  constant  is  the  lack  of  nodes  on  the  spiral  ridges. 
Size,  shape  and  other  sculpture  appear  to  be  identical. 

The  representative  of  the  group  in  the  Gatun  formation  of 
Panama  is  T.  altilira  Conrad,""  the  spiral  ridges  of  which  are 
high,  and  very  decidedly  crenulated.  In  no  instance  is  inter- 
gradation  with  the  California  specimens  approached. 

Another  closely  related  Miocene  species  is  T.  tornata 
Guppy^®  of  Santo  Domingo.  The  ridges  on  that  species  also 
are  beaded  and  it  appears  never  to  reach  such  a  large  size  as 
the  others  which  have  been  mentioned. 

From  the  Pliocene  of  Florida  comes  the  large  species,  T. 
perattcnuata  Heilprin*"  which  belongs  to  the  same  group  but 
appears  to  differ  from  the  southern  California  species  to  a 
greater  extent.  In  it  there  is  a  greater  tendency  to  accessory 
spiral  ribs,  some  of  them  almost  equaling  in  strength  the  two 
major  ones. 

Species  of  undoubted  alliance  are  not  lacking  in  present  seas 
although  none  of  them  appears  to  reach  the  large  size  of  the 
fossils.  Thus  T.  exoleta  Linnaeus  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and 
T.  coopcri  Carpenter  of  the  west  coast  are  similar  in  general 
form  although  both  appear  to  be  constantly  different.  The 
spiral  ridges  are  much  less  heavy  but  they  remain  just  two  in 
number.  The  latter  species  has  been  found  in  Pliocene  de- 
posits of  Lower  California,  as  well  as  living.** 

"Trans.  Wag.  Free  Inst.,  Vol.  3,  pt.  2.  1892,  p.  316. 

"  op.  cit.   p.   311. 

»»  For  a  full  discussion  of  this  species  see  Buown  &  Pilsbry,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  1911,  p.  358. 

»»See  Maury.  Bull.  Am.  Paleo.  No.  29.  1917.  p.  294.  pi.  4g,  fig.   IS. 

"Trans.  Wag.  Free  Inst..  Vol.  1,  1887,  p.  88.  pi.  8.  fig.  13— Dall,  opt.  cit.,  Vol.  3, 
pt.  2,  1892.  p.  316,  pi.  16.  figs.  5,  9. 

"  See  Dall,  Trans.  Wag.  Free  Inst..  Vol.  3,  1892.  pt.  2,  p.  316— -Tryoo.  Man. 
Conch.,  Vol.  8.  1886.  p.  200.  pi.  61,  fig.  61. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  459 

There  is  another  Uving-  species,  a  single  specimen  of  which 
was  dredgfed  near  the  mouth  of  the  Gulf  of  California,  7". 
maruma  Dall*"  which  appears  from  the  figure  to  belong-  to  the 
same  group. 

32.    Vasum  caestum  Broderip 


Specimens  examined 

Locality 

Collection 

Number 

6847 

U.S.G.S. 

1 

680 

CA.S. 

1 

682 

CA.S. 

1 

,  , 

S.D.S.N.H. 

1 

This  species  has  been  recorded  living  from  Mazatlan, 
Mexico,  by  Carpenter*-^  and  from  San  Diego,  California  by 
Dall.**  Several  conchologists,  including  Tryon,*®  have  con- 
sidered it  identical  with  the  east  coast  living  species,  V.  muri- 
catum  (Born)  and  it  is  possible  that  if  there  were  good  series 
including  fossils  from  both  sides,  available  for  study,  no  dif- 
ferences of  a  constant  character  could  be  found.  I  have  had 
no  living  specimens  from  the  west  coast  for  comparison,  but 
the  only  difference  between  the  fossils  and  living  east  coast 
material  seems  to  be  in  the  weaker  spirals  of  the  former.  The 
specimen  from  the  San  Diego  Society  of  Natural  History 
shows  only  a  ridge  for  the  anterior  row  of  spines.  It  is 
badly  broken  but  measures  93  mm.  in  altitude  and  83 
mm.  in  diameter.  The  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  specimen 
has  a  single  row  of  spines.  And  the  young  example  from  lo- 
cality 682  (Calif.  Acad.  Sci.)  has  a  row  of  spines  with  a  ridge 
below.  The  columellar  plaits  number  either  four  or  five. 
With  a  large  series  of  living  and  Pleistocene  shells  from  the 
east  coast  of  Colombia  available  for  comparison,  it  does  not 
seem  that  there  are  specific  differences  Ijetween  them  and  the 
California  fossils,  but  the  problem  must  remain  open  until 
living  specimens  from  the  west  coast  can  be  obtained. 

The  status  of  the  fossil  species,  V.  haitensis  (Sowerby), 


«6 


"Bull.  Mus.   Comp.  Zoo!.,  Vol.  43,   1908,  No.  6,  p.   327.  pi.    11,  fig.   14. 
"  Maz.  Cat.,  p.  456,  1857. 

♦«Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Vol.  37,  1910,  p.  211. 
"Man.  Conch.,   Vol.   4.   1882,  p.   71. 

"Quart.  Journ.  Geol.  Soc.   London,  Vol.   6,   1849,  p.   SO.  Vol.   32,    1876.  p.   S23.  pi. 
29.  fig.  3. 


460  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

and  V.  h,  engonatum  Dall/^  from  the  Florida  and  West  Indian 
Tertiary  deposits,  has  not  been  investigated  in  this  connection. 
Maury*^  considered  the  two  very  close  but  did  not  pass  upon 
the  near  identity  of  the  fossils  with  living  shells. 


33.    Vermicularia  cburnea  Reeve 

This  is  the  only  member  of  the  family  Vermetidae  w^hich  has 
been  found  in  the  Imperial  County  deposits.  Six  specimens 
have  come  from  locality  682  (C.A.S.).  Some  of  them  are 
fairly  well  preserved  and  agree  with  specimens  found  living  at 
San  Diego,  California,  and  in  the  Gulf. 


Pelecypoda 

34.    Anomia  subcostata  Conrad 

Plate  23,  figures  3,  4,  5 

Specimens  examined 

/ocality 

Collection 

Number 

51 

U.C 

19 

55 

U.C. 

2 

3919 

U.S.G.S. 

4 

3922 

U.S.G.S. 

6 

6836 

U.S.G.S. 

3 

684 

C.A.S. 

39 

687 

CA.S. 

9 

690 

C.A.S. 

11 

701 

CA.S. 

7 

Among  this  large  number  there  is  exhibited  great  variation 
in  shape,  sculpture  and  weight.  The  radial  sculpture  ranges 
from  very  decided  ribs  to  none  at  all  and  a  separation  into  two 
species  with  this  character  as  a  basis  would  l^e  valueless. 

The  name  given  above  is  used  because  Conrad's  type  came 
from  Carrizo  Creek,  and  he  described  and  figured  the  shell  so 
that  it  can  be  recognized,  but  it  is  quite  possible  that  these 
fossils  are  not  separable  from  some  of  the  recent  species  which 
have  earlier  names. 

"  Trans.  Wag.  Free    Inst.  Sci.,  Vol.  3.  pt.  1,  1890,  p.  100. 
-Bull.  Am.   Pal.  No.  29,  1917,  p.  84. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  461 

ARCID.E 

Most  collectors  have  obtained  numerous  specimens  of  areas 
in  the  Coyote  Mountain  deposits  and  vicinity,  but  the  preserva- 
tion has  been  so  poor  that  specific  identification  cannot  well  be 
attempted.  Most  of  these  have  been  casts;  in  the  few  cases 
where  the  shell  substance  is  preserved,  it  is  so  badly  crystal- 
lized that  external  sculpture  is  largely  obliterated. 


35.    Atrina  Stephens!  Hanna,  new  species 

Plate  27,  figures  3,  4 

Shell  robust,  inflated,  beaks  acutely  pointed;  both  margins 
concave  toward  beaks ;  growth  ridges  rough  but  not  scaled]  or 
spinose;  radial  ridges  on  posterior  two-thirds  of  shell;  these 
are  wavy  in  cross  section,  but  not  spinose ;  byssal  area  flat,  the 
opening  3.5  mm.  wide;  valves  gape  broadly.  Length  200 
mm. ;  thickness,  60  mm. ;  width,  112  mm. 

Type:  Preserved  in  the  Museum  of  the  San  Diego  Society 
of  Natural  History ;  plastotype,  No.  1816,  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  from 
Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial  County,  California;  Chas.  H. 
Sternberg,  coll. 

This  species  appears  to  be  more  closely  related  to  A.  oldroydi 
than  any  other;  comparison  has  been  made  with  the  type  of 
that  species  in  Stanford  University  and  it  is  found  to  have  a 
convex  swelling  on  the  ventral  margin;  the  radial  ridges  do 
not  extend  on  the  ventral  half  of  the  shell  and  the  byssal  area 
is  not  so  flattened. 

The  type  only  has  been  collected ;  but  numerous  specimens 
of  what  appeared  to  be  the  same  were  seen  by  the  writer  em- 
bedded in  an  overhanging  cliff  on  the  north  side  of  Coyote 
Mountain  where  they  could  not  be  reached. 

This  species  is  named  for  Mr.  Frank  Stephens,  veteran 
naturalist  and  collector  of  San  Diego,  Calif. 


452  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  (Proc.  4th  Sun. 


36. 

Bamea  costata  Linnaeus 
Plate  28,  figures  5,  6 
Specimens  examined 

Locality                                   Collection 
701                                         C.A.S. 
51                                       U.C. 
6847  (324575  U.S.N.M.)       U.S.G.S. 

Number 
2 
S 
1 

The  specimen  figured  is  58.5  nmi.  long  and  20.7  mm.  high. 
The  others  are  but  httle  if  any  larger.  All  are  internal  casts 
and  well  preserved,  but  dorsal  plates  are  lacking.  Regarding 
the  identification  of  the  specimens  with  the  coinmon  east  coast 
sf>ecies,  it  should  be  said  that  they  correspond  exactly  in  shape, 
number  of  ribs  and  form  of  sculpturing  on  the  inside  of  the 
shells.  The  species  is  found  living  on  the  east  coast  from 
Massachusetts  south  to  Brazil  and  fossils  date  back  to  the 
Pliocene  according  to  Dall.*"  The  Miocene  species  of  the  east 
coast  differs  little  from  it.  The  use  of  the  generic  name 
Bamea  Risso,  instead  of  Pholas  Linnseus,  is  in  accordance 
with  the  definition  of  the  genus  as  given  by  Dall. 

In  addition  to  some  peculiar  borings  found  in  the  coral 
heads  in  Alverson  Caiion,  Coyote  Mountain,  the  California 
Academy  of  Sciences'  Collection  (Loc.  701)  contains  four 
specimens  which  are  distinctly  the  work  of  Lithophaga  or 
Pholadidea.  The  holes  have  been  made  in  massive  marble, 
subsequently  filled  with  fine  sediment  and  solidified.  No  rem- 
nants of  the  shells  remain.  They  came  from  the  collection  of 
the  California  State  Mining  Bureau  and  may  represent  some 
such  specimens  as  those  photographed  by  Merrill***  and  pub- 
lished in  1914. 

Cardiid^ 

The  various  collections  contain  numerous  casts  of  at  least 
three  species  of  the  genus  Cardium.  They  resemble,  in  sliape, 
living  species  of  the  Gulf  of  California,  but  without  external 
sculpture  positive  identification  would  not  be  safe, 

«  Trans.  Wap.  Free  Inst.  Sci..  Vol.  3,  pt.  4,  1898.  p.  816. 

•"a  Merrill,  F.  I.  H.  Mineral  Resources  of  San  Diego  and  Imperial  GMinties  [Cali- 
fornia). Calif.  St.  Min.  Bur.  14th  Ann.  Kept.,  for  19131914  (1916],  p.  73S;  advanc* 
copy  Dec.  1914. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA—COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILi,  453 

37.    Chama  frondosa  Broderip 

In  th<i  coral  reef  of  Alverson  Canon,  locality  681  (Calif. 
Acad.  Sci.)  13  si^ecimens  of  this  species  were  secured.  The 
maximum  size  is  about  70  mm.  by  50  mm.  which  is  considered 
small.  Exteriorly  the  shell  substance  has  been  greatly  bored 
by  other  organisms  and  incrusted  with  bryozoa  and  worms. 
The  limestone  matrix  adheres  very  tenaciously  to  both  the  in- 
side and  outside  of  the  shells.  The  species  has  been  recorded  in 
the  Gulf  of  California  as  far  north  as  Guaymas,''"  and  DalP^ 
gives  its  range  as  extending  from  San  Diego,  California,  to 
Peru. 

38.    Codakia  colpoica  Dall 


Specimens  examined 

ocality 

Q)llection 

Number 

3922 

U.S.G.S. 

3 

6847 

U.S.G.S. 

3 

680 

C.A.S. 

2 

682 

C.A.S. 

6 

All  of  the  above  are  more  or  less  imperfect  and  the  valves 
are  firmly  united  so  that  the  hinges  cannot  be  seen.  In  shape 
and  sculpture  they  agree  perfectly  with  specimens  from  the 
Gulf  of  California. 

This  is  the  species  which  was  formerly  called  C.  tigerina  by 
Cai*penter  and  others.  Dall,'"''  however,  pointed  out  the  dif- 
ferences between  the  west  and  east  coast  forms  in  his  "Synop- 
sis of  the  Lucinacea"  and  described  tlie  one  from  the  Gulf  of 
California  as  new. 

39.    Crassitellites  subgibbosus  Hanna,  new  species 

Plate  28,  figures  1,  2,  3,  4 

Shell  similar  to  C.  gibbosus  Sowerby  but  less  swollen,  and 
in  specimens  of  the  same  size,  the  posterior  end  is  longer  and 
less  up-turned.  Surface  roughened  by  growth  ridges  of  un- 
equal strength:  unibones  with  three  heavy  undulations;  hinge 
area  and  teeth  similar  to  gibbosits  as  figured  by  Nelson''"^  except 

»"  Carpenter,  Catalog  Mazatlan   Shells,   1857,  p.  89. 

"Bull.   112.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,   1912.  p.   33. 

"Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Vol.  23,   1901.  p.  821,  pi.  41,  fig.  4.  ^*^  M"'  A  J 

"'•Trans.  Conn.  .Acad.  Arts  and  Sci.,  Vol.  2,  pt.   1,  1870,  p.  203,  pi.  7,  fig.  9.  /-^'v^NVD n> Ai / 


4^  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

that  the  central  cardinal  of  the  right  valve  of  our  species  has  a 
side  brace,  or  spur  projecting  into  the  resilium;  also  in  sub- 
gt-bbosus  there  does  not  appear  to  be  the  crenulation  between 
the  first  and  second  cardinals  of  the  right  valve  which  he 
showed.  Length,  55  nun. ;  height,  41  mm. ;  thickness,  29  mm. 
(Type.) 

Type:  No.  1818,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  from  Loc.  682, 
Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial  County,  California;  G.  D.  Hanna, 
coll.  Paratype:  In  Univ.  Calif.  Coll.  from  Loc.  738  (U.  C). 
Cast  of  same,  No.  1819,  Calif,  Acad.  Sci. 

"Crassitella  gibbosa"  was  described  by  Sowerby^*  from 
Middle  America  and  illustrated  by  Reeve.^^  Its  range  is  given 
by  DalP'  as  extending  from  the  Gulf  of  California  to  Paita, 
Peru.  While  no  specimens  of  the  species  have  been  available 
for  comparison,  no  fossils  from  Imperial  County  have  been 
found  which  agree  with  the  two  figures  to  which  reference  has 
been  made.  Reeve's  figure  shows  a  specimen  with  a  slightly 
up-turned  posterior  extremity  and  the  ventral  margin  has  a 
compound  curve  toward  that  end.  Our  specimens  do  not  ap- 
pear to  have  such  a  curve.  The  ventral  margin  of  gibbosus 
appears  much  more  convex  than  subgibbosus. 

Comparison  need  hardly  be  made  with  the  fossil  species  of 
Panama,  Costa  Rica  and  the  Isthmus  of  Darien,  C.  reevei  Gabb 
and  C.  mediamericanus  Brown  and  Pilsbry,  Both  of  them 
have  regular  ribbing  on  the  surface,  concentric  with  the 
growth  lines. 

The  material  available  has  been  10  specimens  from  locality 
738  (U.C),  two  from  locality  3923  (U.S.G.S.)  and  13  from 
locality  682  (C.A.S.). 


40. 

Divaricella  ebumea  Reeve 
Plate  26,  figures  8,  9 
Specimens  examined 

Locality 

Collection 

Number 

738 

U.C 

10 

682 

CA.S. 

8      . 

6847 

U.S.G.S. 

4 

"  Proc.  Zool.  Soc..  Vol.  2.  1832,  p.  56. 

»  Con.  Icon.  Crassitella,  1843,  pi.   1.  fig  1. 

^  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus..  Vol.  37,  1910,  p.  260. 


Vol.  XIV]  MASS' A— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  4^$ 

Except  for  the  slightly  coarser  sculpture,  these  specimens 
do  not  differ  from  some  from  the  Galapagos  Islands;  others 
found  in  the  Pleistocene  deposits  at  Magdalena  Bay,  Lower 
California,  appear  identical ;  the  same  is  true  of  many  shells 
from  the  Gulf  of  California.  Preservation  of  the  Coyote 
Mountain  fossils  is  not  good  and  the  valves  are  associated  so 
firmly  that  hinges  could  not  be  examined. 


41.    Dosinia  dunkeri  Philippi 


Specimens  examir. 

ted 

Locality 

Collection 

Number 

738 

u.c 

12 

682 

CA.S. 

1 

3919 

U.S.G.S. 

2 

3923 

U.S.G.S. 

1 

The  best  preserved  of  the  above  specimens  is  figured.  It 
measures:  length  68.2  mm.;  height,  71  nmi. ;  thickness  (one 
valve)  18.1  mm.  The  state  of  preservation  is  such  that  they 
cannot  be  satisfactorily  separated  from  dunkeri,  a  species 
found  living  from  Panama  north  to  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of 
California. 


42.    Echinochama  calif omica  Dall 

Echinoch-atiui  californica,  Dall,   Trans.   Wagner  Free  Inst.   Sci.,  Vol.  3, 
pt.  4,  1903,  p.  1404. 


Specimens  exatnined 

ocality 

Gjllection 

Number 

682 

CA.S. 

1 

3923 

U.S.G.S. 

2 

The  above  specimens  from  Coyote  Mountain  are  not  per- 
fectly preserved  but  there  is  little  doubt  that  they  belong  to  the 
species  californica,  from  Lower  California. 

The  east  American  analogues  are  E.  arcinella  Linnaeus,  a 
living  form,  and  E.  antiqimfa  Dall  from  various  fossil  horizons 
dating  back  to  the  Miocene.  All  fonn  a  group  of  closely  re- 
lated species,  the  separation  of  which  has  not  been  very 
satisfactory. 


4^  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  |  Proc.  4th  Shr. 

43.    Glycymeris  gigantea  Reeve 

Of  this  large  species  there  are  five  specimens  from  Loc.  738 
(U.C.)  collected  by  W.  S.  W.  Kew.  No  other  collector  seems 
to  have  met  with  it  in  that  region.  Comparison  has  l>een  made 
with  living  specimens  from  the  Gulf  of  California  as  well  as 
with  Reeve's  description  and  figure  and  no  differences  of  ap- 
parent consequence  could  be  detected. 


44.    Cyathodonta  undulata  Conrad 


Specimens  examined 

Locality 

Collection 

Number 

4 

U.C. 

1 

681 

C.A.S. 

1 

3923 

U.S.G.S. 

1 

These  are  casts  and  are  somewhat  smaller  and  thinner 
than  living  specimens  from  San  Diego,  California,  supposed 
to  be  C.  dubiosa  Dall,^'  an  unfigured  species.  In  describing 
C.  mtdulaia,  Conrad^^^  gave  no  definite  locality,  but  Dr.  Dall 
has  stated  that  it  is  found  at  Lapaz  and  other  places  in  the  Gulf 
of  California. 

45.    Lucina  edentuloides  Verrill 

Lucina  edentuoides  Verrill,  Dall,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Vol.  23,  1901, 
p.  802. 


Specimens  examined 

Locality 

Collection 

Number 

738 

U.C. 

1 

680 

C.A.S. 

1 

681 

C.A.S. 

5 

683 

CA.S. 

4 

701 

C.A.S. 

25 

6847 

U.S.G.S. 

3 

Of  this  species  there  are  numerous  specimens  in  the  various 
collections,  all  of  which,  it  appears,  were  collected  from  a  hill 
slope  on  the  west  side  of  Alver.son  Canon,  Coyote  Mountain. 
At  a  point  where  the  coral  reef  crosses  the  stream  bed  these 
shells  are  weathered  out  and  can  be  had  in  considerable  num- 

"Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Vol.  49,   1916,  p.  445. 

"a  Proc.   Acad.   Nat.   Sci.   Pliila.,   \"ol.   4,   1849.  p.    ISS. 


Vol..  XIVJ  HASNA—COYOm  MOUSTAIN   1-OSSJLS  4(,/ 

bers.  In  every  case  seen  they  were  crystallized  and  the  valves 
were  fastened  together  so  that  the  hinge  structure  could  not 
be  ascertained.  The  shape,  however,  coincides  with  that  of 
living  specimens  found  from  Magdalena  Bay,  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, southward.  The  beaks  of  this  species  are  more  cen- 
trally j>laced  than  in  the  one  of  the  West  Indies. 

46.  Metis  excavata  Sowerby 

Plate  23,  figure  6 

One  specimen  in  an  excellent  state  of  preservation  was  se- 
cured by  Kevv  and  English  at  locality  738  (Univ.  Calif.).  It 
is  47.5  mm.  from  the  beak  to  the  ventral  margin  and  does  not 
differ  in  any  noticeable  character  from  s[)€cimens  found  in  the 
Gulf  of  California  living  at  the  present  time. 

47.  Ostrea  heermanni  Conrad 
Plate  22,  figures  7,  8 ;  plate  23,  figures  1,  2 

Ostrea  heermanni  Conrad,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1855,  p.  267 — 
G)NRAD,  House  Ex.  Doc.  129,  33rd  Cong.  1st  Sess.,  1855,  p.  15 — 
Conrad,  Pac.  R.  R.  Repts.,  Vol.  5,  1857,  p.  325. 

"Very  irregular  in  form,  thick,  ovate  and  often  dilated; 
lower  valve  shallow ;  exterior  very  irregular,  with  large  dis- 
tant angular  radiating  ribs  and  with  pits,  irregular  cavities; 
cartilage  pit  broad  and  oblique ;  upper  valve  flat  or  concave, 
with  a  profoundly  irregular  surface.  Length,  5.75  inches; 
height,  6.5  inches."     (Original  description.) 

Although  this  species  has  not  been  previously  figured,  so  far 
as  I  have  been  able  to  determine,  there  is  no  mistaking  the  fact 
that  Conrad  had  specimens  of  the  only  large  circular  oyster  of 
the  Coyote  Mountain  region.  It  is  excessively  abundant  in 
many  places  and  also  excessively  variable.  Uneroded  speci- 
mens, however,  show  clearly  that  it  is  an  irregularly  ribbed 
si^ecies.  The  two  specimens  figured  herewith  show  the 
characters  well.  Blake  stated  in  a  footnote  to  Conrad's  de- 
scription that  although  Dr.  Heermann  picked  up  the  original 
specimens  from  the  bed  of  Carrizo  Creek,  there  was  no  doubt 
but  that  they  came  from  the  fonnation  near  at  hand.  I  saw 
.some  examples  in  the  cliffs  of  Alverson  Canon  that  were  fully 
a  foot  in  diameter. 

March  23,   1926 


458  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Sf.r. 

48.    Ostrea  iridcscens  Gray 
Plate  26,  figures  4,  5,  6,  7 

There  are  a  few  scattered  beds  of  this  fine  species  about 
Coyote  Mountain  wliere  the  shells  occur  in  cliaracteristic 
abundance  on  the  surface.  At  locaHties  689  and  692  (C.A.S. ) 
there  were  secured  four  and  15  respectively.  These  do  not 
differ  from  recent  specimens  of  the  Gulf  of  California  which 
are  characterized  by  the  arrangement  of  the  shell  substance  in 
comparatively  flat  and  regular  layers.  O.  chileiisis  Philippi, 
the  western  representative  of  O.  virginica  Gmelin  according  to 
Dall,^®  has  the  layers  irregular  and  often  somewhat  crenulated. 
O.  iridcscens  was  first  adequately  described  by  Carpenter  in 
1857.*^ 


49.    Ostrea  vespertina  Conrad 

Plate  26,  figures  1,  2,  3 

Specimens  examined 


Locality 

Q)llection 

Number 

3919 

U.S.G.S. 

2 

3921 

U.S.G.S. 

12 

3922 

U.S.G.S. 

7 

3923 

U.S.G.S. 

4 

6836 

U.S.G.S. 

5 

6847 

U.S.G.S. 

1  (=324,  601  U.S.N.M.) 

324602 

U.S.N.M. 

1 

738 

u.c. 

6  (=55  W.S.W.Kew) 

■  •  ■  • 

u.c. 

8  (=51  W.S.W.Kew) 

u.c. 

1  (     S3  W.S.W.Kew) 

3003 

u.c. 

2 

Unnumbered 

.... 

8 

681 

CA.S. 

5 

682 

C.A.S. 

3 

683 

CA.S. 

15 

684 

CA.S. 

11 

690 

CA.S. 

3 

691 

CA.S. 

5 

694 

CA.S. 

2 

701 

CA.S. 

6 

«»  Nautilus,  Vol.  28,  p.  3,  1914. 
•»Cat.   Mazatlan  Shells.  1857,  p.   157. 


Vol.  XIVI  HANNA— COYOTE  MOUNTAm  FOSSILS  459 

When  the  above  list  was  made  out,  it  was  believed  to  be  best 
to  unite  all  the  plicate  oysters  of  the  Coyote  Mountain  region 
under  one  name.  Sufficient  comparative  material  was  lacking 
for  a  logical  separation  of  species.  Therefore  the  collections 
listed  from  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  and  the  University  of 
California  contain  some  specimens  of  0.  hecriimnni  as  well  as 
O.  vespertina. 

Since  the  list  was  made  and  the  collections  returned,  a  large 
amount  of  comparative  material,  living  and  fossil  from  the 
Gulf  of  California  region  has  been  obtained,  and  it  is  believed 
that  a  separation  into  two  species  can  be  made  with  reasonable 
certainty,  the  large  one  taking-  the  name  O.  hcermanni. 

Ostrca  vespertina  was  first  described  from  San  Diego  (Con- 
rad, Journ,  Phila.  Acad.  Sci.)  in  1853,  but  was  not  figured 
until  Conrad  considered  the  specimens  obtained  by  Blake  from 
the  Colorado  desert  where  Carrizo  Creek  flows  out  of  the 
Laguna  Mountains  upon  the  valley  floor.  Subsequent  collect- 
ing at  San  Diego  by  many  experienced  workers  has  resulted  in 
obtaining  but  one  plicate  oyster  and  that  is  the  one  described 
by  Gabb*"^  from  Cedros  Island  as  O.  veatchii.  That  the  latter 
is  synonymous  with  vespertina  can  scarcely  be  questioned.  The 
identity  was  pointed  out  by  Dall  in  1898*'"  and  concurred  in  by 
Arnold  in  1909.°^  The  former  considered  both  names  as  well 
as  O.  heermanni  Conrad,  the  equivalent  of  O.  haitensis  Sower- 
by,  1850,  an  east  American  species.  The  later  views  of  Dall 
regarding  the  living  species  of  western  oysters  are  set  forth  in 
a  little  paper  published  in  1914."*  Here  we  find  0.  veatchii 
given  the  status  of  a  species. 

Whether  the  Carrizo  Creek  and  Coyote  Mountain  oysters 
called  vespertina  are  the  same  as  San  Diego  specimens  ori- 
ginally given  that  name  cannot  be  stated  with  certainty,  but 
seems  probable.  Around  the  flanks  of  Coyote  Mountain  the 
shells  form  great  reefs,  thoroughly  consolidated  and  cemented, 
in  some  places  already  partially  converted  to  marble.  Such 
metamorphism  is  unusual  for  such  late  deposits  in  western 
North  America. 

«Geol.  Surv.  Calif.  Pal.,  Vol.  2,  1869,  p.  35,  pi.  11,  fig.  61. 
«  Trans.  Wagner  Free  Inst.  Sci.,  Vol.  3,  pt.  4,  1898,  p.  686. 
"  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Bull.  396,  1909,  p.  78. 
"  Nautilus,  Vol.  28,  1914,  p.  3. 


470  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

50.    Panopc  gencrosa  Gould 


Specimens  examined 

-ocality 

G)llcction 

Number 

738 

U.C. 

4 

3923 

U.S.G.S. 

1 

682 

CA.S. 

1 

688 

C.A.S. 

1 

701 

CA.S. 

2 

As  usual  with  this  species,  a  considerable  amount  of  varia- 
tion is  shown  in  the  series.  The  specimen  from  Locality  3923 
(U.S.G.S.)  is  particularly  attenuated  anteriorly,  but  not  more 
so  than  some  living  shells. 


51.    Pecten  carrizoensis  Arnold 

Pecteti  carrizoensis  Arnold,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof.  Pap.  47,  1906,  p.  59, 
pi.  4,  figs.  1,  la,  lb,  2,  3,  3a. 

Specimens  examined 

Locality  Collection  Number 

3922  U.S.G.S.  1 

6847  U.S.G.S.  2  (Numbered  324,  575,  U.S.N.M.) 

738  U.C.  9 

680  CA.S.  6 

682  CA.S.  7 

The  original  specimens  of  this  species  came  from  the  vicinity 
of  Coyote  Mountain  and  the  most  perfect  among  the  above  is 
a  juvenile  31.8  mm.  in  diameter.  P.  steanisii  Dall,  P.  dicgciisis 
Dall  and  this  species  form  a  group  of  flat  sided  pectens  which 
are  much  alike.  P.  stcarnsii  has  the  greatest  number  of  ribs 
and  each  one  is  divided  by  a  longitudinal  sulcus.  P.  carri- 
zoensis has  the  least  number  of  ribs  (about  20)  and  they  are 
more  rounded  (less  square)  than  in  either  of  the  other  species. 


52.    Pecten  dcserti  Conrad 

Plate  25,  figures  1,  2,  3 

This  species  was  originally  described  from  si>ecimens  col- 
lected in  the  region  by  Blake  and,  being  common,  is  very  well 
known.    The  various  collections  studied  have  contained  a  great 


Vol.  XIVJ 


HANNA— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS 


471 


many  specimens  of  it.  The  species  is  most  common  in  the 
hard  "oyster  reefs"  of  the  uppermost  beds  exposed.  Some 
places  tliese  beds  are  consohdated  into  finn  rock;  aguin  they 
have  disintegrated  and  the  desert  floor  then  becomes  carpeted 
with  the  shells  of  Pectcn  descrti,  Ostrea  vcspcrtina  and  Anemia 
sfihcostata.    They  thus  become  scattered  far  and  wide. 


53,    Pecten  keepi  Arnold 


Specimens  examined 

Locality 

Gjllection 

Number 

3922 

U.S.G.S. 

2 

Z9Zi 

U.S.G.S. 

2 

6847 

U.S.G.S. 

4 

324,  562 

U.S.N.M. 

I 

738 

u.c. 

3 

739 

u.c 

2 

680 

CA.S. 

7 

681 

CA.S. 

7 

682 

CA.S. 

2 

683 

CA.S. 

1 

687 

CA.S. 

1 

688 

C.A.S. 

1 

701 

CA.S. 

4 

The  species  was  described  from  these  deposits  and  seems  to 
have  no  close  living  relative  on  the  Pacific  coast,  but  belongs 
with  P.  zic^ag  Linnaeus  of  the  West  Indies  and  P.  mortoni 
Ravenel®*  of  various  east  coast  fossil  deposits. 

It  is  one  of  the  most  common  species  in  the  Coyote  Moun- 
tain region.  Specimens  were  seen  in  the  black  limestone  which 
caps  a  southern  slope  of  the  mountain  east  of  Alverson  Canon 
where  the  matrix  was  so  hard  that  the  shells  could  not  be  ex- 
tracted, and  the  stone  rang  like  tempered  steel  when  struck 
with  a  hammer.  No  specimens  were  seen  higher  up  in  the 
sequence  of  strata  than  that,  but  from  there  downward  to  the 
basal  exposure  (the  coral  reef  in  Alverson  Canon)  the  shells 
were  everywhere  in  evidence. 


Bose,  Inst.  Geol.  Mex.  Bull.  22,  p.  24,  pi.  1.  figs.  3,  6,  9,  pi.  8,  pi.  9,  6ff.  J. 


472  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Sed. 

54.    Pecten  mediacostatus  Hanna,  new  species 

Plate  22,  figure  6;  plate  24,  figure  2 

Shell  small,  altitude  a  little  greater  than  length,  equilateral 
and  equivalve,  not  noticeably  inflated.  Surface  sculptured  with 
23  (in  the  type  specimen)  ribs  which  are  regularly  rounded 
and  are  largest  in  the  center  of  the  valve.  These  ribs  are  strong 
at  the  ventral  margin  of  the  shell  but  are  scarcely  visible 
within  18  mm.  of  the  beak;  interspaces  occupied  by  riblets,  one 
to  each,  about  one-third  the  size  of  the  major  ribs;  in  the  better 
preserved  specimens  there  is  a  fine  even  concentric  sculpture 
of  lirulae  looped  over  the  ribs,  appearing  as  though  cut  with  an 
engraving  tool;  anterior  ear  marked  with  five  (in  cotype) 
radiating  riblets  while  the  posterior  (in  the  type)  is  smooth 
except  for  fine  even  concentric  sculpture.  Measurements  of 
type  specimen,  a  single  right  valve,  altitude  37.2  mm. ;  length 
30  mm.  (slightly  compressed  longitudinally)  ;  thickness 
8.5  mm. 

Type:  No.  1830,  Mus.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  Trom  Loc.  681 
(C.  A.  S.)  Alverson  Cafion  on  the  south  side  of  Coyote  Moun- 
tain, Imperial  County,  California,  in  the  Pliocene  coral  reef 
about  midway  up  the  caiion. 

There  is  only  one  west  coast  species  with  which  the  scul^v 
ture  of  this  can  be  compared,  Pecten  estrellanus  (Conrad)  of 
Miocene  and  lower  Pliocene  strata.  That  species  is  more  in- 
flated, longer  than  high,  and  the  ribs  extend  entirely  to  the 
beak ;  moreover,  the  ribs  are  squarish  and  interspaces  chan- 
neled on  each  side  of  the  smaller  riblet. 

Twenty-seven  specimens  were  obtained  from  the  coral  reef 
of  Alverson  Canon,  Loc.  681,  and  one  from  Loc.  683,  both  of 
the  California  Academy  of  Sciences'  series.  The  reef  is  a  well- 
marked  feature  of  the  topography  as  one  ascends  the  caiion, 
yet  it  does  not  appear  to  have  been  explored  heretofore,  since 
none  of  the  numerous  collections  seen  has  contained  this 
species.  Like  P.  sancto-ludovici  the  specimens  are  more  or  less 
poorly  preserved  and  usually  somewhat  crushed  out  of  shape. 


Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  473 

55.    Pecten  mendenhalli  A  mold 
Plate  25,  figures  4,  5 


Specimetis  examined 

Locality 

Gjllection 

Number 

3922 

U.S.G.S. 

4 

3923 

U.S.G.S. 

13 

324,  549 

U.S.N.M. 

1 

738 

u.c 

10 

2064 

u.c 

7 

681 

CA.S. 

1 

701 

C.A.S. 

2 

Shape  and  sculpture  are  as  Arnold*'*'  has  described.  Each 
ear  is  consistently  heavily  sculptured  with  several  ribs,  but 
these  are  shown  as  smooth  in  P.  cerrosensis  Gabb.®^  The 
species,  circularis,  deserti,  and  mendenhalli  are  undoubtedly 
very  closely  related.  With  a  large  series  of  specimens  from 
different  places,  it  is  possible  all  would  be  found  to  constitute 
an  intergrading  series,  but  at  present  some  of  the  connecting 
links  seem  to  be  absent. 

56.    Pecten  sancti-ludovici  Anderson  and  Martin 
Plate  22,  figures  1,  2,  3 

This  species  was  described*"^  from  material  collected  "along 
the  west  side  of  San  Juan  River  about  one-half  mile  above  the 
mouth  of  Navajoa  Creek,  Northeastern  San  Luis  Obispo 
County,  California,"  by  Bruce  Martin.  Other  specimens  were 
taken  in  the  near  vicinity.  All  came  from  strata  of  the  "Santa 
Margarita"  formation  or  Upper  Miocene.  The  type,  a  para- 
type,  and  six  other  specimens  from  the  type  locality,  are  in  the 
California  Academy  of  Sciences  and  all  are  beautifully 
preserved. 

Until  now  the  species  does  not  appear  to  have  been  found 
elsewhere,  but  in  the  coral  reef  of  Alverson  Canon,  Imperial 
County,  California,  Loc.  681  (CA.S.)  12  specimens  were 
taken.  Two  additional  specimens  were  taken  at  Loc.  683 
(CA.S.)  and  there  is  a  crushed  one  from  Loc.  2064  (U.C). 
All  are  somewhat  broken  and  crushed,  but  they  are  placed 

**\J.  S.GeoI.  Surv.  Prof.  Pap.  47,  1906,  p.  84,  pi.  25,  figs.  2,  2a,  2b. 

"Geol.   Surv.  Calif.  Pal.,  Vol.  2,   1869,  pi.  9,  fig.   55. 

"Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  4th  ser..  Vol.  4,  1914,  p.  55,  pi.  3,  figs.   10a,  10b. 


474  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Psoc.  4th  Sejc 

with  the  Santa  Margarita  fonn  without  hesitation.  Rarely 
are  examples  of  any  species  from  two  localities  so  nearly 
identical. 

The  sculpture  of  the  species  at  once  recalls  hastatus  and  if 
only  the  right  valve  were  known,  it  could  be  easily  taken  for 
that.  The  number  of  ribs  is  about  the  same,  likewise  the  ser- 
rations of  the  riblets ;  but  there  is  no  tendency  in  sanctp- 
ludovici  for  the  ribs  to  be  double  or  in  pairs.  The  main  dis- 
tinguishing feature,  however,  is  the  fact  that  while  the  left 
valve  only  of  hastatus  has  about  nine  ribs,  in  sancto-ludovici 
the  number  is  the  same  as  in  the  right. 

57.    Pecten  subnodosus  Sowerby 
Plate  25,  figure  6 


Specimens  exami 

ned 

Locality 

Q)llection 

Number 

738 

U.C 

6 

680 

CA.S. 

1 

690 

CA.S 

4 

These  specimens  are  not  perfectly  preserved,  but  with  a 
large  series  of  living  and  fossil  shells  from  the  Gulf  of  Cali- 
fornia region  for  comparison,  there  is  believed  to  be  no  ade- 
quate reason  to  doubt  the  identity.  None  of  the  above  speci- 
mens had  so  many  riblets  between  the  main  ribs  as  have  been 
seen  in  some  living  shells,  but  this  is  probably  due  to  the  small 
series;  certainly  some  living  individuals,  unquestionably  sub- 
nodosus, have  as  few  riblets  as  these.  As  in  P.  etch^goini 
farther  north,  the  strength  of  the  nodes  varies  greatly  in  a 
series  of  shells. 

58.    Phacoides  xantusi  Dal  I 
Plate  28,  figure  7 ;  plate  29,  figure  1 

Pka-coides  xantusi  Dajll,  Nautilus,  Vol.  18,  1903,  p.  110. 
Phacoides  childreni  of  authors;  not  of  Gray. 


Specimens  examined 

Locality 

Collection 

Number 

738 

U.C. 

3 

2064 

U.C 

1 

3923 

U.S.G.S. 

3 

681 

CA.S. 

17 

Vol.  XIV]  HANNA— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  \y$ 

The  above  specimens  are  all  more  or  less  crystallized  so  that 
the  finer  sculpture  is  obliterated,  and  the  valves  are  so  firmly 
fastened  tog-ether  that  the  hinge  structure  has  not  been  ex- 
amined. This  and  four  other  species,  one  of  the  Miocene  and 
Pliocene  of  California,®"  one  of  the  east  American  recent 
fauna, ^°  one  east  American  Pliocene  form,'^  and  one  of  the 
Florida  Miocene,^'-  form  a  group  of  closely  related  forms.  The 
Coyote  Mountain  fossils,  however,  seem  to  be  most  closely  re- 
lated to  the  shells  found  living-  in  the  Gulf  of  California  at  the 
present  time.  It  has  already  been  listed  as  P.  childrcni  from 
the  Pliocene  of  Lower  California  at  San  Juan  by  Dall  (Op. 
cit.  1903). 

59.    Pinna  latrania  Hanna,  new  species 

Plate  27,  figure  1 ;  text  figure  1 

Shell  thin,  long  and  slender,  apical  angle  acute  {27") ;  sur- 
face apparently  unmarked  externally  by  ridges,  ribs  or  spines, 
except  for  a  heavy  longitudinal  mid-rib  in  each  valve;  this  is 


Fig.  1.    Outline  of  Pinna  latrania,  n.  sp. 

rounded  convex,  internally  and  apparently  sharply  carinate 
externally  and  divided  longitudinally,  the  two  parts  being 
united  by  cartilage ;  the  length  of  this  rib  is  unobtainable  from 
available  material,  but  in  other  species  it  does  not  extend  en- 
tirely to  the  beak ;  each  valve  is  deeply  sulcate  at  the  mid-rib 

"P.  sanct<scruns  Arnold.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Bull.   396,   1909.  p.  57,  pi.  6,  fiff.  6. 
"  P.  childreni  Gray. 

"P.  smithwoodwardi  Maury,  Bull.  29,  Am.  Paleo.,  1917,  p.  204,  pi.  35,  fig.  6. 
^P.  caloosaensis  Dall  Trans.  Wagner   Free  Inst.   Sci.,   Vol.   3,  pt.  6.   1903,  pi.  28, 
fig.   1. 


476  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

SO  that  in  looking  down  upon  it,  it  is  double-looped.  Length 
of  type  specimen,  135  mm. ;  width  from  hinge  line  down, 
63  mm.;  gape  posteriorly,  51  mm.;  length  of  hinge  line,  116 
mm. ;  length  of  byssal  scar,  85  mm. 

Type:  No.  324,593  (U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.)  from  Log.  3922  (U.  S. 
Geol.  Surv.),  Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial  County,  California. 
A  cast  of  the  type  is  No.  1837  (C.  A.  S.  Coll.). 

The  type  specimen  lacks  both  anterior  and  posterior  ends 
and  is  largely  a  decorticated  cast.  A  paratype  in  the  Museum 
of  the  San  Diego  Society  of  Natural  History  was  collected 
at  the  same  locality  by  Mr.  Frank  Stephens.  This  specimen 
shows  the  shape  of  the  posterior  end  of  the  shell.  A  cast  of 
it  is  preserv-ed  as  No.  1838  of  the  California  Academy  of 
Sciences. 

60.    Pinna  mendenhalli,  Hanna,  new  species 
Plate  27,  figure  2 

Shell  thick  and  heavy;  apical  angle  obtuse  (47°);  outer 
surface  without  sculpture  or  distinct  ribs ;  there  is  a  low  longi- 
tudinal ridge,  however,  on  the  ventral  half  of  each  valve ;  mid- 
rib exceedingly  heavy  (7  mm.  thick  in  a  fragment  preserved 
on  one  specimen)  ;  rounded  on  the  interior  and  apparently 
sharply  carinate  on  the  exterior.  Each  valve  appears  to  be 
divided  through  this  rib  for  at  least  a  portion  of  its  length  be- 
cause in  the  remnants  of  the  shell  preserved  on  the  casts,  there 
are  ligament  scars  as  shown  in  the  figure.  The  gape  extends 
the  full  length  of  the  shell  and  the  byssal  scar  appears  to  do 
the  same;  beak  and  posterior  margins  not  seen.  Greatest 
length  of  type,  167  mm. ;  greatest  breadth,  98  mm. ;  thickness, 
58  mm. ;  full  dimensions  were :  length  about  200  mm.  and 
breadth  100  mm. ;  thickness  of  the  paratype  is  66  mm. 

Type:  No.  324,593  (U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.)  from  locality  3922, 
(U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.).  One  paratype  from  the  same  place  bears 
the  same  number.  Both  specimens  are  imperfect  and  little 
better  than  internal  casts.  A  cast  of  the  type  is  preserved  as 
No.  1839  (C.A.S.  Coll.). 

This  species  is  unlike  any  other  from  west  coast  Tertiary 
and  appears  to  resemble  P.  calooscensis  Dall"  from  the  Florida 

"Ter.  Faun.  Fla.,  Vol.  3.  pt.  4,  1898,  p.  660,  pi.  26,  fig.  4. 


Vol.  XIV)  HANNA— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  477 

Pliocene  in  a  general  way.  The  resemblance,  however,  is  only 
in  structure  and  not  in  form  because  that  species  has  an  apical 
angle  of  only  about  18°.  It  is  closer  to  P.  latrania,  new 
species,  from  the  Imperial  County  deposits  than  any  other 
known  to  the  writer. 

The  species  is  named  for  Mr.  W.  C.  Mendenhall,  who,  with 
Dr.  Stephen  Bowers,  collected  the  type  material  and  who  very 
kindly  gave  nie  much  infonnation  relative  to  the  occurrence 
of  fossils. 

61.    Spondylus  calcifer  Carpenter 

In  the  collections  of  fossils  from  Coyote  Mountain,  there 
are  several  specimens  which  do  not  appear  to  differ  from  this 
living  species  of  the  Gulf  of  California.  Two  are  from  Loc. 
3923  (U.S.G.S.);  one  from  Loc.  53  (2064)  (U.C.) ;  and 
one  from  locality  685  (C.A.S.).  Not  any  of  these,  however, 
has  reached  the  ponderous  size  which  is  attained  by  some  living 
examples  of  the  sp>ecies.  Consequently  they  have  been  com- 
pared with  the  young  of  calcifer.  All  are  more  or  less  imper- 
fect. The  best  is  from  the  first  locality  mentioned  and  it  has 
been  figured.  It  is  seen  to  be  very  irregularly  spinose;  con- 
centric sculpture  is  almost  absent;  the  beak  is  very  high  and 
the  ligamentary  canal  continuous  to  the  apex. 

I  have  seen  12  names  which  have  been  applied  to  west  coast 
Spondylidae,  and  there  may  be  others.  Most  of  these,  how- 
ever, have  been  applied  to  various  and  sundry  modifications  of 
the  forms  known  as  pictorum  and  limhatus,  no  representa- 
tives of  which  appear  in  the  fossil  beds  at  the  head  of  the 
Gulf. 

62.    Spondylus  bostrychites  Guppy 

Plate  24,  figures  3,  4 

Spondylus  bostrychites  Guppy,  Proc.  Sci.  Soc.  Trinidad,  p.  176,  1867— 
Gabb,  Geol.  Santo  Domingo,  1873,  p.  257— Dall,  Tert.  Faun.  Fla., 
Vol.  3,  pt.  4,  1898,  p.  758— Dall,  Bull.  90,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1915,  p. 
124,  pi.  19,  fig.  4— Maury,  Bull.  29,  Am.  Paleo.,  1917,  p.  190,  pi.  32, 
fig.  4. 

This  species,  first  described  as  6".  hifrons  in  1849,^*  was  not 
figured  until  1915,  and  then  very  imperfectly.     No  one  has 

'«  Sowerby,  Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc.  Lond.,  Vol.  6,  1849.  p.  53. 


478  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  IPaoc.  4th  Sfi«. 

shown  the  hinge  area  although  Sowerby  stated  in  his  original 
description;  that  it  is  "easily  distinguishable  by  the  area  of  one 
valve  being  very  narrow  and  that  of  the  other  valve  being- 
rather  broader,  though  still  narrow."  Both  Gabb's  and 
Guppy's  mention  of  the  species  bostrychites  are  in  publications 
which  are  very  inaccessible  and  no  one  has  thus  far  given  a 
description  of  the  species,  since  those  authors  wrote.  Identi- 
fication would  have  probably  been  impossible  had  it  not  been 
for  the  fact  that  our  specimens  were  compared  directly,  with 
Guppy's  type  of  bostrychites  and  other  material  in  the  National 
Museum.  This  was  done  through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  W.  C. 
Mansfield. 

Giippy's  type  was  a  young  individual  similar  to  the  one 
Maury)  has  figured.  Ball's  figure  is  of  an  older  example,  but 
neither  of  them  shows  the  minute  sculpture  which  appears  to 
be  characteristic ;  at  any  rate,  it  is  present  on  the  type  and 
others. 

At  Loc.  738  (U.C.)  and  also  at  Loc.  685  (C.A.S.)  a  speci- 
men was  secured.  The  former  is  the  more  i)erfect  and  has 
been  figured.  The  spines  are  arranged  in  five  radial  rows,  but 
they  have  been  broken  away  so  that  their  length  cannot  be 
compared  with  those  of  bostrychites.  In  the  intervening  spaces, 
there  are  from  five  to  nine  smaller  radial  ridges  which  become 
slightly  spinose  toward  the  outer  margin  of  the  shell.  These 
are  irregular  in  size.  The  surface  is  marked  by  very  small, 
wavy,  concentric  lines  which  are  broken  into  many  papillae, 
particularly  toward  the  center  of  the  shell.  The)  hinge  area  is 
slightly  heavier  than  in  the  specimens  from  Santo  Domingo 
which  were  compared,  but  this  is  a  variable  character  in  the 
genus.  The  ligamentary  groove  extends  to  the  apex.  Apex 
not  elevated  or  spiral.  Valves  of  about  equal  size  and  con- 
vexity. In  the  latter  respect  the  species  differs  from  6".  scotti 
Brown  &  Pilsbry"  and  the  larger  species  which  they  did  not 
figure  and  therefore  cannot  be  recognized. 

The  specimen  figured,  although  somewhat  broken,  measures 
86  mm.  in  a  line  parallel  to  the  hinge,  and  99  mm,  high.  The 
larger  specimen  measures  115  mm.  by  125  mm.  but  it  likewise 
is  imperfect.  If  perfect,  the  latter  dimension  would  be  in- 
creased by  about  10  mm. 

"Proc.  Acad.   Nat.  Sci.  Phi!a..  1912,  p.   514,  pi.  25,  figs.   I,  2. 


Vol.  XIV) 


HANNA— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS 


479 


63.    Tagelus  californianus  Conrad 

A  single  specimen  of  Tagelus  was  obtained  at  Loc.  6847 
(U.S.G.S.).  It  does  not  dififer  from  specimens  of  the  above 
species  which  is  exceedingly  common  in  the  Gulf  of  California. 
It  measures:  length,  55  mm. ;  height  in  center.  22.3  mm. ;  thick- 
ness as  preserved,  13.5  mm. 

ECHINODERMATA 

64.    Clypcaster  bowersi  Weaver 

Specimens  examined 

I^ocality  Collection  Number 

680  C.A.S.  2 

682  C.A.S.  1 

701  C.A.S.  2 

3919  U.S.G.S.  1 

3922  U.S.G.S.  2 

39^1  U.S.G.S.  2 

This  huge  species  was  described  from  deposits  on  Coyote 
Mountain,  and  there  it  is  very  abundant.  The  writer  does  not 
feel  competent  to  pass  judgment  upon  its  validity,  but  with 
probably  better  living  material  from  the  Gulf  of  California 
available  foil  comparison  than  has  heretofore  been  gathered 
together  in  a  western  museum,  it  seems  exceedingly  doubtful 
if  the  fossils  are  reallv  distinct. 


65.    Clypeaster  deserti  Kew 

Specimens  examined 
I.-ocality 
680 
3919 

No  living  species  comparable  to  this  was'  collected  in  the 
Gulf  of  California  in  1921  by  the  Academy  and  it  is  not  known 
if  there  be  one  there. 


Collection 

Number 

CA.S. 

2 

U.S.G.S. 

1 

Locality 

680 

3919 

3922 


66.    Encope  tenuis  Kew 

Specimens  examined 

Collection 
CA.S. 
U.S.G.S. 
U.S.G.S. 


Number 
6 
2 
2 


'C^^ 


/. 


4g0  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Paac.  4th  Ser. 

67.    Hippnoe  calif omica  Kew 

One  well-preserved  specimen  from  Loc.  3922  (U.S.G.S.)  is 
somewhat  crushed,  but  it  is  the  best  preserved  representative 
of  the  species  in  existence  so  far  as  the  writer  knows.  It  cer- 
tainly is  better  than  the  one  which  Kew  used  for  a  type  and 
which  also  came  from  Coyote  Mountain  deposits. 

68.    Metalia  spatagus  ( ?)  Linnaeus 
Plate  24,  figure  1 

Metalia  maculosa  Agassiz,  Mem.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Vol.  3,  1872,  pp.  144, 

598,  pis.  21b,  26,  38. 
Metalia  spatagus   Linn^us,    Clark,   Mem.   Mus.    Comp.   Zool.,   Vol.   46, 

No.  2,  p.  210. 

This  identification  of  the  single  specimen  of  spatangoid 
echinoderm  from  locality  3919  (U.  S.  Geol,  Surv.)  is  attended 
with  some  doubt  because  of  poor  preservation.  The  specimen 
is  small;  length,  32  mm. ;  width,  25  mm. ;  height,  15.6  mm.  It 
is  so  eroded  that  none  of  the  markings  or  plates  remains  but 
resembles  in  shape  some  specimens  of  Metalia  spatangiis  from 
the  Gulf;  of  California.  The  lateral  petals  of  the  fossil  are 
somewhat  decumbent  and  may  be  the  mark  of  a  new  species, 
but  the  writer  is  not  sufficiently  acquainted  with  the  group  to 
venture  a  description  on  such  fragmentary  material.  Kew  has 
recorded  no  species  of  the  group  from  Coyote  Mountain  and 
apparently  this  is  the  first  and  only  specimen  that  has  been 
found  there.  One  would  naturally  expect  such  forms  as 
Meoma  grancUs,  but  thus  far  they  have  not  been  found. 

Corals 

The  coral  fauna  of  the  Coyote  Mountain  district  is  exceed- 
ingly interesting  and  has  been  thoroughly  studied  by  Dr.  T,  W. 
Vaughan.  No  less  than  12  named  fonns  are  found  in  the 
various  reefs.  The  locality  is  remarkable  in  being  the  north- 
ernmost representation  of  the  groups  in  west  American  Ter- 
tiary, Quaternary,  or  Recent  faunas.  At  the  present  time,  reef 
building  corals  are  not  abundant  on  the  west  coast  north  of 


Vol.  XIV]  HANN  A -COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  481 

the  Tres  Marias  Islands,  althoug^h  this  scarcity  may,  in  part, 
be  due  to  imperfect  exploration  about  the  islands  of  the  Gulf 
of  California.  Some  fine  specimens,  stated  to  have  come  from 
there  were  on  display  at  the  interstate  exhibition  held  in 
Mazatlan,  Sonora,  in  1925. 


69.    Dichocoenia  merriami  (Vaughan) 

Favia  merriami  Vaughan,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Monog.  39,  1900,  p.  142,  pL 
15,  figs.  5,  5a-c.— NoMLAND,  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.  Geol.,  Vol.  9,  1916, 
p.  60. 

Dichocania  merriami  Vaughan,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof  Ppr.  98,  1917, 
p.  370,  pi.  94,  figs.  1.  la. 


70.    Dichoccenia  merriami  crassisepta  Vaughan 

Dichocoenia  merriami  crassisepta  Vaughan,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof.  Ppr. 
98,  1917,  p.  371,  pi.  94,  figs.  3,  3a. 


71.    Eusmilia  solida  (Nomland) 

Madripora  solida  Nomland,  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.  Geol.,  Vol.  9,  1916,  p.  60. 
Eusmilia  carrizensis  Vaughan,   U.   S.   Geol.    Surv.   Prof.    Ppr.   No.  98, 
1917,  p.  369,  pi.  95,  figs.  1,  la. 

Dr.  T.  W.  Vaughan  told  me  on  January  18,  1922,  his  species 
should  be  referred  to  the  name  selected  by  Mr.  Nomland. 


72.    Maeandra  bowersi  (Vaughan) 

Diploria  bozversi  Vaughan  [nomen  nudum]  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof.  Ppr. 
47,  1906,  p.  22. 

M(£andra  bowersi  Vaughan,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof.  Ppr.  98,  1917,  p.  374, 
pi.  101,  figs.  1,  la. 


73.    Porites  carrizensis  Vaughan 

Porites  carrizensis  Vaughan,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof.  Ppr.  98,  1917,  p.  375, 
pi.  102,  figs.  5,  5a,  5b,  6,  6a. 


4g2  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

74.    Siderastrea  califomica  Vaughan 

Siderastrea  califomica  Vaughan  [nomen  nudum]  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof. 
Ppr.  47,  1906,  p.  22.— Vaughan,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof.  Ppr.  98, 
1917,  p.  375,  pi.  102,  figs.  2,  2a,  3,  4. 

75.    Siderastrea  mendenhaJli  Vaughan 

Siderastrea  ntendenhalli  Vaughan,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof.  Ppr.  98,  1917, 
p.  374,  pi.  101.  figs.  3,  3a,  4. 

76.    Siderastrea  mendenhalli  minor  Vaughan 

Siderastrea  mendcnhaUi  minor  Vaughan,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof.  Ppr. 
98,  1917,  p.  375,  pi.  102,  fig.  1. 

77.    Solenastrea  fairbanksi  (Vaughan) 

Stephanocania  fairbanksi  Vaughan,  U.   S.  Geol.  Surv.  Monog.  39,  1900, 

p.  151,  pi.  17,  figs.  11,  11a. — Vaughan,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof.  Ppr. 

47,  1906,   p.  22.— NoMLAND,  Univ.   Calif.   Publ.   Geol.,   Vol.  9,    1916, 

p.  60. 
Flesiastrca   calif  arnica    Vaughan    [nomen    nudum],    U.    S.    Geol.    Surv. 

Prof.  Ppr.  47,  1906,  p.  22. 

Solenastrea  fairbanksi  Vaughan,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof.  Ppr.  98,  1917, 
p.  372,  pi.  95,  figs.  3,  3a. 

7'i^.    Solenastrea  fairbanksi  columnaris  (Vaughan) 

Stephanoccenia  fairbanksi  columnaris  Vaughan,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Monog. 

39,  1900,  p.  151,  pi.  17,  figs.  10,  10a.— Vaughan,  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey, 

Prof.  Ppr.  47,  1906,  p.  22.— Nomland  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.  Geol.,  Vol. 

9,  1916,  p.  60. 
Solenastrea   fairbanksi   columnaris    Vaughan,    U.    S.    Geol.    Surv.    Prof. 

Ppr.  98,  1917,  p.  373,  pi.  96,  figs.  1,  la. 

79.    Solenastrea  fairbanksi  minor  Vaughan 

Solenastrea  fairbanksi  minor  Vaughan,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof.  Ppr. 
98,  1917,  p.  373,  pi.  97,  figs.  2,  2a-2c 


Vol.  XI\-]  HANNA— COYOTE  MOUNTAIN  FOSSILS  483 

80.    Solenastrea  fairbanksi  normalis  Vaughan 

Solciiasfrca  fairbankxi  normalis  Vaughan,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Prof.  Ppr. 
98,  1917,  p.  2>7i,  pi.  96,  figs.  2,  2a-2c,  pi.  97,  figs.  1,  la. 


Fishes 

81.    Carcharodon  arnoldi  Jordan 

Plate  23,  figure  7 

A  well-preserved  tooth  of  this  shark  was  found  at  Loc. 
3922  (U.S.G.S.)  (No.  324542  U.S.N.M.).  A  cast  of  it  is 
preserved  as  No.  1842  (C.A.S.  Coll.).  The  identification  was 
made  by  Harold  Hannibal  when  the  paper  by  Dr.  Jordan  and 
him  was  in  preparation." 


"See  Bull.  So.  Calif.  .\cad.  Sci.,  Vol.  22,  pi.  2,  July  1923,  p.  55,  for  the  record  of 
the  species  in  "Carrizo  Creek." 


434  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Plate  20 

Figs.  1,  2.  Solcnosteira  anomala  (Reeve).     Loc.  738  (U.C.  Coll.);  cast 

of  plesiotype,  No.  1808   (C.A.S.  Coll.). 

Figs.  3, 4.  Cancellaria  obcsa  Sowerby.     Loc.  738    (U.C.   Coll.);  casts 

of  plesiotypes,  Nos.  1797  and  1798  (C.A.S.  Coll.). 

Figs.  5,  6.  Architectonica  quadriceps  (Hinds).     Loc.  738  (U.C.  Coll.); 

cast  of  plesiotype,  No.  1795   (C.A.S.  Coll.). 

Fig.  7.  Stromhtis  ohliteratus  Hanna,  n.  sp.  Type  No.  1809  (C.A.S. 

Coll.),  from  Loc.  682. 

Fig.  8.  Cassis  subtuberosa   Hanna,  n.  sp.   Paratype   from   Loc,   7v38 

(U.C.  Coll.);  cast  of  same.  No.  1800  (C.A.S.  Coll.). 

Fig9.  Bullaria  striata  (Bruguiere).     Plesiotype,  No.  1796   (C.A.S. 

Coll.),  from  Loc.  682. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  18 


HANNAJ  Plate  20 


'     ^/ 


486  CALIFORNIA   ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Plate  21 

Figs.  1,2. 3.  TurritcUa  iiiipcrialis  Hanna,  n.  sp.  Type  and  paratypes, 
Loc.  738  (U.C.  Coll.)  :  casts  of  same.  Nos.  1811  and  1812 
(C.A.S.  Coll.). 

Figs.  4, 5.  Olha   spicata    (Bolten).     Loc.    738    (U.C.    Coll.);    casts    of 

plesiotypes,  Nos.  1806  and  1807  (C.A.S.  Coll.). 

Figs.  6,  7.  Conns  fergusoni  Sowerby.     Loc.  738   (U.C.  Coll.);  casts  of 

plesiotypes,  Nos.  1801.   1802   (C.A.S.  Coll.). 

Fig.  8.  Conns    rcgularis    Sowerby.      Plesiotype,    No.    1803    (C.A.S. 

Coll.),  from  Loc.  682. 

Fig.  9.  Ficiis    dccussata    (Wood).      Plesiotype,    No.    1804    (C.A.S. 

Coll.),  from  Loc.  682. 

Fig.  10.  Malca    ringcns    Swainson.      Plesiotype,    No.    1805     (C..\.S. 

Coll.),  from  Loc.  682. 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  18 


HANNAJ   Plate  21 


March  23,  1926 


^gg  CAIJUORXIA   ACADEMY   OF  SCitlSCES  [Proc.  4th  Si£R. 


Plate  22 

Figs.  1,2, 3.       Pcctcn    sancii-ludovici    Anderson    &    Martin.      Figs.  1,    3 

from  plesiotypes,   Nos.   1834,    1835    (C.A.S.   Coll.),  from 

Log.  681.     Fig.  2   from  plesiotype   in   U.   C.   Coll.,  from 
Loc.  55  (738). 

Figs.  4,  5.  Tercbra    gausapata    Brown    &     Pilsbry.      Plesiotype     from 

Loc.  738   (U.C.  Coll.)  ;  cast  of  same,  No.  1810   (C.A.S. 
Coll.). 

Fig.  6.  Pcctcn    iiicciiacosfntits    Hanna,    n.    sp.      Paratype,    No.    1831 

(C.A.S.  Coll.),  from  Loc.  681. 

Figs.  7, 8.  Ostrca    liccninunii    Conrad.      Plesiotype,    No.    1825     (C.A.S. 

Coll.),  from  Loc.  693. 


PROC.  CAL  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  18 


HANNA]  Plate  22 


9^  %i 


i 


% 


490 


CALIFORXIA   ACADEMY  OF  SCIEXCBS  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Plate  23 

Figs.  1,2.  Ostrca    hccnnauni    Conrad.      Plesiotype,    No.    1826    (C.A.S. 

Coll.),  from  Loc.  693. 

Figs.  3, 4,  5.       Aiioniia   sitbcostaia   Conrad.      Plesiotypes,    Nos.    1813,    1814, 
1815   (C.A.S.  Coll.),  from  Loc.  684. 

Fig.  6.  Metis  cxcavata   Sowerby.     Plesiotype   from  Loc.  738    (U.C. 

Coll.)  ;  cast  of  same,  No.  1841   (C.A.S.  Coll.). 

Fig.  7.  Carcharodoii     arnoldi     Jordan.       Plesiotype,     No.     324,542 

(U.S.N.M.  Coll.)  ;  cast  of  same.  No.  1842  (C.A.S.  Coll.). 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  18 


■^k 


[HANNA]  Plate  23 


'^^ 


J^'^ 
<^''i 


^' 


s 


m 


t-^. 


^PL 


r 


^ 


492  CALIfORXIA   ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Pkoc.  4th  Ser. 


Plate  24 

Fig.  1.  Mcialia    spatagus?      (Linnjeus).      Plesiotype,     No.     324.541 

(U.S.N. M.  Coll.)  ;  cast  of  same,  No.  1822  (C.A.S.  Coll.). 

Fig.  2.  Pcctcn  mcdiacostatus  Hanna,  n.  sp.    Type,  No.  1830  (C.A.S. 

Coll.),  from  Loc.  681. 

Figs.  3, 4.  Spu)idylus    bostrych'iics   Guppy.      Plesiotype    from   Loc.   7i% 

(U.C.  Coll.);  cast  of  same,  No.  1840  (C.A.S.  Coll.). 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  18 


HANNA]  Plate  24 


IT    -s^*.' 


494  CALIFORXIA   ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  TPkoc.  4th  Ser. 


Plate  25 

Figs.  1, 2, 3.       Pcctcti    dcscrti    Conrad.      Plesiotype    from    Loc.    738    (U.C. 
Coll.)  ;  cast  of  same,  No.  1844  (C.A.S.  Coll.). 

Figs.  4,  5.  Pcctcn    iiiendciihalli    Arnold.      Plesiotype    from    Loc.    2064 

(U.C.  Coll.)  ;  cast  of  same,  No.  1833   (C.A.S.  Coll.). 

Fig.  6.  Pcctcn    suhiiodosiis    Sowcrby.      Plesiotype    from    Loc.    738 

(U.C.  Coll.)  ;  cast  of  same.  No.  1829  (C.A.S.  Coll.). 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  18 


HANNAl  Plate  25 


.if-tj^. 


496  CALIFORNIA   ACADEMY  OF  SCIEXCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Plate  26 

Figs.  1,2,  3.       Ostrca  2'cspcrtina  Conrad.     Plesiotype,  from  Loc.  738   (U.C. 
Coll.);  cast  of  same,  No.  1827  (C.A.S.  Coll.). 

Figs.  4,  5,  6,  7.  Ostrca  iridcsccns  Gray.     Plesiotypes,  Nos.  1823,   1824,   from 
Loc.  692  (C.A.S.  Coll.). 

Figs.  8, 9.  DivariccUa    cbiinica    (Reeve).      Plesiotype,    from    Loc.    738 

(U.C.  Coll.)  ;  cast  of  same,  No.  1820  (C.A.S.  Coll.). 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  18 


HANNAl  Plate  25 


/ 


{ 


>N. 


<\ 


7^' 


6 


49g  CALIFORNIA   ACADEMY  OF  SCIHNCHS  |  1'roc.  4th  Ser. 


Plate  27 

Fig.  1.  Pinna  latrania  Haniia,  n.  sp.     Type,  No.  324,593  (U.  C.  Nat. 

Mus.  Coll.),  from  Loc.  3922  (U.S.G.S.)  ;  cast  of  same, 
No.  1827  (C.A.S.  Coll.). 

Fig.  2.  P'unia  mcudcuJiaUi  Hanna,  n.  sp.     Type,  No.  324,593   (U.  S. 

Nat.  Mus.  Coll.),  from  Loc.  3922  (U.S.G.S.)  ;  cast  of 
same.  No.  1839  (C.A.S.  Coll.). 

Figs.  3,  4.  Atrina  stephcnsi  Hanna,  n.  sp.     Type  in  San  Diego  Society 

of  Natural  History  from  Coyote  Mountain,  Imperial 
County,  California;  cast  of  same,  No.  1816  (C.A.S. 
Coll.). 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No   18 


[HANNA]  Plate  27 


5f;0  CALIFORNIA   ACADEMY  OF  SCIBNCES  IProc.  4th  Si;r. 


Plate  28 

Figs.  1,  2,  3,  4.  Crassatcllitcs  sitbgibbosiis  Hanna,  n.  sp.  Figs.  1,  2,  from 
paratypes,  from  Loc.  738  (U.C.  Coll.)  ;  casts  of  same, 
No.  1819  (C.A.S.  Coll.)  ;  figs.  3,  4,  from  type,  No.  1818 
(C.A.S.  Coll.),  from  Loc.  682. 

Figs.  S,  6.  Banica  costata   (Linnseus).     Plesiotype,  No.  324,575    (U.   S. 

Nat.   Mus.   Coll.).   from   Loc.   6847    (U.S.G.S.)  ;   cast   of 
same.  No.  1817  (C.A.S.  Coll.). 

Fig.  7.  Phacoidcs  xantusi  Dall.     Plesiotype,    from   Loc.   738    (U.C. 

Coll.)  ;  cast  of  same,  No.  1836  (C.A.S.  Coll.). 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  18 


HANNAl  Plate  28 


502  CALIFORNIA   ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Skr. 


Plate  29 

Fig.  1.  Phacoidcs  xaiitiisi  Dall.     Plesiotype   from   Loc.  738    (U.C. 

Coll.);  cast  of  same,  No.  1836   (C.A.S.  Coll.). 

Figs.  1, 2.  Cassis   siibtiibcrosiis   Hanna,    n.    sp.      Type    from    Loc.    738 

(U.C.  Coll)  ;  cast  of  same,  No.  1799  C.A.S.  Coll.). 


PROC.  CAL.  ACAD.  SCI.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  18 


[HANNA]  Plate  29 


^2,7 


■>j. 


•  <11 


^    -^^Jli 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  Nos.  19  and  20,  pp.  505-566  _    April  28,  1926 


XIX 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  ACADEMY 

FOR  THE  YEAR  1925 


BY 

C.  E.  GRUNSKY 
President  of  the  Academy 

It  is  with  pleasure  and  satisfaction  that  your  President  again 
calls  attention  in  this  Annual  Report  to  progress  made  and  to 
work  done  by  the  Academy,  through  its  staff  of  scientists  and 
their  assistants,  during  the  year  1925. 

There  has  been  but  slight  change  in  membership  which  now 
stands  at  1099.  The  accession  of  new  members  and  losses  are 
shown  in  the  following  analysis : 

Members  on  January  1,  1925 1107 

New  members,  during  1925 77 

Total    1 184 

Deceased  in  1925 16 

Resigned    15 

Dropped  for  non-payment  of  dues 54 

Total    85 

Members  on  January  1,  1925 1099 

April  28,  1926 


506  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  FProc.  4th  Ser. 

The  membership  consists  of : 

Patrons    16 

Honorary  members   23 

Life  members    87 

Fellows    23 

Members    950 

Total    1099 

The  Academy  carries  on  its  list  of  patrons  the  following 
names : 

Living 

Mr.  George  C  Beckley  Mr.  A.  Kingsley  Macomber 

Dr.  Frank  E.  Blaisdell,  Sr.  Mr.  John  W.  Mailliard 

Mr.  William  B.  Bourn  Mr.  Joseph  Mailliard 

Mr.  William  H.  Crocker  Mr.  M.  Hall  McAllister 

Mr.  Peter  F.  Dunne  Mr.  Ogden  Mills 

Dr.  Barton  Warren  Evermann  Mr.  William  C.  Van  Antwerp 

Mr.  Herbert  Fleishhacker  Mr.  Edward  P.  Van  Duzee 

Mr.  Joseph  D.  Grant  Dr.  E.  C.  Van  Dyke 

Deceased 

Mr.  William  Alvord  Mr.  James  Lick 

Mr.  Charles  Crocker  Mr.  Alexander  F.  Morrison 

Mr.  John  W.  Hendrie  Mr.  Amariah  Pierce 

Mr.  Henry  M.  Holbrook  Mr.  Ignatz  Steinhart 

Mrs.  Charlotte  Hosmer  Dr.  John  Van  Denburgh 

The  following  list  of  members  deceased  during  the  year  in- 
cludes a  number  of  those  who  have  been  active  at  one  time  or 
another  in  the  Academy  or  wlio  have  in  other  ways  than  giving 
of  their  time  aided  the  Academy  in  its  scientific  work.  Mr.T.  S. 
Brandegee  and  Miss  Catherine  Hittell  are  notable  in  this  class 
and  will  be  kept  in  grateful  memory  by  all  who  knew  them. 
And  then  there  are  many  whose  prominence  among  their 
fellow-men  and  whose  friendly  good  will  and  active  coopera- 
tion have  been  of  material  assistance  to  the  Academy.  I  need 
mention  only  such  names  as  Mr.  John  A.  Hooper,  Mr.  M.  H. 
de  Young,  Mr.  I.  H.  Morse,  and  others.  It  was  with  particu- 
lar regret  that  news  of  the  passing  of  Prof.  Jose  M.  Gallegos 
in  September,  1925,  was  received  so  soon  after  his  participa- 


Vol.  XIV]  GRUNSKY— PRESIDENT'S  REPORT  FOR  19^5  507 

tion  as  a  scientist  delegated  by  Mexico  in  the  Academy's  Re- 
villagig"edo  expedition. 

Deceased 

Mr.  George  H.  Anderson Member September  12,  1925 

Mr.  T.  S.  Brandegee Life April  8,   1925 

Mr.  John  I.  Carlson Member January  10,  1925 

Mr.  Walter  E.  Dean Life July  13,  1925 

Mr.  M.  H.  de  Young Member February  15,  1925 

Mr.  Kimball  G.  Easton Member March  22,  1925 

Prof.  Jose  M.  Gallegos Member September  24,  1925 

Miss  Catherine  H.  Hittell Member April  18,  1925 

Mr.  John  A.  Hooper Member 1925 

Mr.  Ira  Kahn Member September  11,  1925 

Miss    Gertrude   Twyman Member 1925 

Sr.  Don  Manuel  Villada Honorary 1925 

The  following  whose  deaths  occurred  on  the  dates  named 
are  here  recorded  for  the  first  time : 

Dr.  Gustav  Hambach Member June  20,  1922 

Mr.  John  L.  Koster Member December  1,  1923 

In  the  year  1925  eleven  free  lectures  were  delivered  at  the 
stated  meetings  of  the  Academy,  as  follows  : 

January  7 A  Naturalist's  Visit  to  northern  British  Columbia,  illus- 
trated, by  Mr.  H.  S.  Swarth,  Curator  of  Birds,  Mu- 
seum of  Vertebrate  Zoology,  University  of  California. 

March  4 Salt  Water   Barriers,  illustrated,   by   Dr.   C.   E.   Grunsky, 

President  California  Academy  of  Sciences. 

April  1 Symposium  on  the  proposed  Revillagigedos  Expedition  of 

the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  participated  in  by 
various  members  of  the  Museum  staff. 

May  6 The   Wild   Flowers   of   Western   Canada,   illustrated   with 

colored  slides,  by  Mr.  W.  C.  McCalla,  Edmonton,  Al- 
berta, Canada. 

June  3 San    Francisco    during  the    Seventies,    illustrated,   by   Mr. 

Charles  B.  Turrill,  San  Francisco,  California. 

July  1 An  Account  of  the  Recent  Revillagigedo  Islands  Expedi-" 

tion,  illustrated,  by  Dr.  G.  Dallas  Hanna,  Curator  of 
the  Department  of  Paleo'ntology,  California  Academy 
of  Sciences. 

Augusts Flowers   of   the   northern   Sierra   Nevada,    illustrated,   by 

Miss  Alice  Eastwood,  Curator  of  Botany,  California 
Academy  of  Sciences. 

September  2... Fish  and  Game  Protection,  illustrated,  by  Mr.  E.  R.  Zion, 
San  Francisco,  California. 


508  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Pkoc.  4th  Sek. 

October  7 Ears,  by  Dr.  J.  Sterling  Kingsley,  Berkeley,  California. 

November  4 The  Biology  of  Our  Introduced  Rats,  illustrated,  by  Mr. 

Tracy  I.  Storer,  Assistant  Professor  of  Zoology,  Uni- 
versity of  California. 

December  2 Number,  by  Dr.  Rufus  L.  Green,  Professor  of  Mathema- 
tics, Stanford  University. 

The  Sunday  afternoon  lectures  at  the  Museum  building" 
were  continued  throughout  the  year  except  during  the  vacation 
months  of  summer.  Despite  the  inadequacy  of  the  temporary 
lecture  room,  the  attendance  at  these  lectures  has  been  satis- 
factory.   These  lectures  have  included  the  following : 

January  4 The  California  School  System  and  Teacher  Training,  by 

Dr.  Archibald  B.  Anderson,  President,  San  Francisco 
State  Teachers'  College. 

January  11.... The  Training  of  Teachers  for  the  Public  Schools,  by  Dr. 
W.  W.  Kemp,  Dean  of  the  School  of  Education,  Uni- 
versity of  California. 

January  18 Answering  the  Critics  of  the  Public  Schools,  by  Dr.  Harry 

B.  Wilson,  Superintendent,  Berkeley  Public  Schools. 

January  25 The  Aim  of  High  School  Education  and  how  we  are  at- 
taining it,  by  Mr.  J.  P.  Nourse,  Principal,  Galileo 
High  School,  San  Francisco. 

February  1 Knowing   How   and   Why,   by   Dr.   Ray   Lyman   Wilbur, 

President  of  Stanford  University. 

Februarys California's    Program    of    Education,    by    Hon.    Will    C 

Wood,  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 

February  15... Early  Spring  Flowers  of  the  Bay  region,  illustrated,  by 
Miss  Alice  Eastwood,  Curator  of  Botany,  California 
Academy  of  Sciences. 

March  1 Why  Education  in  America  is   Difficult,  by  Dr.  Ellwood 

P.  Cubberley,  Dean  of  the  School  of  Education,  Stan- 
ford University. 

March  8 The  Financial  Aspects  of  Education  in  California,  by  Mr. 

A.  R.  Heron,  Assistant  Superintendent  Public  Instruc- 
tion, Sacramento. 

March  15 Peoples   of   the    Philippines,   illustrated,   by    Prof.    E.    D. 

Merrill,  Dean  of  the  College  of  Agriculture,  Uni- 
versity of  California. 

March  22 Bird  and  Animal  Friends,  illustrated  with  motion  pictures, 

by  Mr.  William  L.  Finley,  expert  photographer  of 
wild  animal  life  and  noted  naturalist  and  lecturer;  and 
Cruising  the  British  Columbia  Coast,  illustrated  with  mo- 
tion pictures,  by  Mr.  Arthur  Newton  Pack,  Secretary, 
American  Nature  Association  and  Associate  Editor 
of  Nature  Magazine. 


Vol.  XIV]  GRUNSKY—PRESIDEt^T'S  REPORT  FOR  l9^5  509 

March  29 G)rals :  What  they  are,  what  they  eat,  and  how  they  grow, 

illustrated,  by  Dr.  T.  Wayland  Vaug^an,  Director, 
Scripps  Institution  for  Biological  Research,  La  JoUa, 
California. 

April  5 A  Glimpse  of  the  State  University  at  work,  by  Dr.  Monroe 

E.  Deutsch,  Dean  of  the  College  of  Letters  and 
Science,  University  of  California. 

April  12 The  Lure  of  California's  National  Forests,  illustrated,  by 

Mr.  Wallace  Hutchinson,  United  States  Forest  Serv- 
ice, San  Francisco. 

April  19. .... .  .The  Life  of  the  Forest,  by  Dr.  E.  P.  Meinecke,  Consulting 

Pathologist,  United  States  Forest  Service,  San 
Francisco. 

April  26 California's  Forest  Fire  Problem,  illustrated,  by  Mr.  Paul 

G.  Redington,  District  Forester,  United  States  Forest 
Service,  San  Francisco. 

May  3 National  Forest  Highways  and  Byways,  illustrated,  by  Mr, 

Frank  Bonner,  United  States  Forest  Service,  San 
Francisco. 

May  10 Conceptions   of  the  Earth  as  a  Whole:    Measuring  the 

Earth  and  Mapping  its  Surface,  illustrated,  by  Dr. 
George  F.  McEwen,  Oceanographer  and  Curator  of 
the  Oceanographic  Museum,  Scripps  Institution  for 
Biological  Research,  La  Jolla,  California. 

October  4 Travel  and  Big  Game  Hunting  in  East  Africa,  illustrated, 

by  Major  Norman  B.  Livermore,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 

October  11 The    Plants    and    Animals    of    Fanning   and    Washington 

Islands,  Equatorial  Coral  Islands  of  the  Pacific,  illus- 
trated, by  Dr.  W.  B.  Herms,  Professor  of  Parasi- 
tology, University  of  California,  Berkeley,  California. 

October  18 Among  the  Gilbertese  Natives  of  Certain  Equatorial  Coral 

Islands  of  the  Mid-Pacific  Ocean,  illustrated,  by  Dr. 
W.  B.  Herms,  Professor  of  Parasitology,  University 
of  California,  Berkeley,  California. 

October  25 The  Alps  of  the  King-Kern  Divide,   illustrated,  by  Mr, 

John  J.  Mazza,  San  Francisco,  Calif, 

November  1 Some  Interesting  Animals,  a  chalk  talk  for  the  children, 

illustrated,  by  Dr.  J.  Sterling  Kingsley,  Berkeley, 
California. 

Novembers The  Biology  of  Our  Introduced  Rats,  illustrated,  by  Dr. 

Tracy  I.  Storer,  Assistant  Professor  of  Zoology, 
University  of  California. 

November  15... The  Maori,  New  Zealand  Tourist  Resorts  and  the  Pacific 
Islands,  illustrated,  by  Mr.  F.  E.  Tomlinson,  Official 
Publicity  Photographer  of  New  Zealand, 

November  22. .  .The  High  Sierra  from  Yosemite  to  Mount  Whitney,  illus- 
trated, by  Air.  Francis  P.  Farquhar,  San  Francisco, 


510  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

November  29. .  .Timbuctoo  and  the  Land  of  the  Blacks,  illustrated,  by  Dr. 
David  P.  Barrows,  Professor  of  Political  Science, 
University  of  California. 

December  6.... The  People  of  Santo  Domingo,  illustrated,  by  Mr.  M.  E. 
Beall,  Berkeley,  California. 

December  13... The  Largest  and  Oldest  Living  Things  in  the  World,  in 
the  Sequoia  and  General  Grant  National  Parks,  illus- 
trated with  stereopticon  slides,  by  Colonel  John  R. 
White,  Superintendent  Sequoia  and  General  Grant 
National  Parks. 

December  20. .  .The  Apache  Trail,  illustrated  with  stereopticon  slides  and 
motion  pictures,  by  Mr.  Harry  S.  Swarth,  Curator  of 
Birds,  Museum  of  Vertebrate  Zoology,  Berkeley, 
California. 

The  continued  contribution  of  the  Academy  to  the  advance- 
ment of  science  is  evidenced  by  the  following  list  of  publica- 
tions issued  by  the  Academy  in  1925  : 

OCCASIONAL  PAPERS  No.  XI — Fauna  and  Stratigraphic  Relations 
OF  THE  Tejon  Eocene  at  the  Type  Locality  in  Kern  County, 
California,  by  Frank  M.  Anderson  and  G.  Dallas  Hanna. 

Vol.  XI,  1921 — Index,  Title  Page  and  Contents  of  the  Proceedings  of 
THE  California  Academy  of  Sciences  for  1921. 

Vol.  XIII,  No.  27,  pp.  431-440 — Report  of  the  President  of  the  Academy 
for  THE  Year  1924,  by  C.  E.  Grunsky. 

Vol.  XIII,  No.  28,  pp.  441-494 — Report  of  the  Director  of  the  Museum 
for  the  Year  1924,  by  Barton  Warren  Evermann. 

Vol.  XIII — Index,  Title  Page  and  Contents  of  the  Proceedings  of  the 
California  Academy  of  Sciences  for  1923. 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  1,  pp.  1-35 — Pectens  from  the  Tertiary  of  Lower  Cali-i 
fornia,  by  Leo  G.  Hertlein. 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  2,  pp.  37-75 — Contribution  to  the  Tertiary  Paleon- 
tology OF  Peru,  by  G.  Dallas  Hanna  and  Merle  C  Israelsky. 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  3,  pp.  77-81 — A  Note  on  two  of  Hyatt's  Liassic  Am- 
monites, by  C.  H.  Crickmay. 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  4,  pp.  83-87 — A  New  Species  of  Mollusk  (DentaUmn 
hannai)  from  Lower  California,  with  Notes  on  other  Forms,  by 
Fred  Baker. 

Vol.  XIV,   No.  5,  pp.  89-100 — Contributions  to  Oriental  Herpetology 

II.  Korea  or  Chosen,  by  Joseph  R.  Slevin. 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  6,  pp.  101-103 — Contributions  to  Oriental  Herpetology 

III.  Russian  Asia  and  Manchuria,  by  Joseph  R.  Slevin. 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  7,  pp.  105-142 — New  North  American  Spiders,  by  Ralph 

V.  Chamberlin. 
Vol.  XIV,  No.  8,  pp.  143-169 — Anatomy  of  Lanx,  a  Limpet-like  Lym- 

N.CID  Mollusk,  by  H.  Burrington  Baker. 


Vol.  XIV] 


GRU.\SKY— PRESIDENT'S  REPORT  FOR  19^5 


511 


Vol.  XIV,  No.  9,  pp.  171-173 — Expedition  of  the  California  Academy 

OF  Sciences  to  the  Gulf  of  California  in  1921,  the  phalangida, 

by  Ralph  V.  Chamberlin. 
Vol.  XIV,  No.  10,  pp.  175-183 — Scellus  virago  Aldrich   (A  two-winged 

Fly)  and  two  forms  closely  related  to  it,  by  M.  C.  Van  Duzee. 
Vol.  XIV,  No.  11,  pp.  185-215 — Bees  in  the  Collection  of  California 

Academy  of  Sciences,  by  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell. 
Vol.    XIV,    No.    12,    pp.    217-275 — Expedition    to    Guadalupe    Island, 

Mexico,  in  1922,  General  Report,  by  G.  Dallas  Hanna. 
Vol.    XIV,    No.    13,    pp.    277-320 — Expedition    to    Guadalupe    Island, 

Mexico,  in  1922.  the  Birds  and  Mammals,  by  A.  W.  Anthony. 
Vol.    XIV,    No.    14,    pp.    321-343 — Expedition    to    Guadalupe    Island, 

Mexico,  in  1922,  the  Coleoptera,  by  Frank  E.  Blaisdell,  Sr. 
Vol.  XIV,  No.  15,  pp.  345-367 — Anthidiine  Bees  in  the  Collection  of 

the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  by  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell. 
Vol.  XIV,   No.   16,   pp.  369-390 — Studies  in   the  Tenebrionid/E,   No.   2, 

(Coleoptera),  by  Frank  E.  Blaisdell,  Sr. 
Vol.  XIV,  No.  17,  pp.  391-425 — New  Hemiptera  from  Western   North 

America,  by  Edward  P.  Van  Duzee. 


The  present  net  income  of  the  Academy,  apart  from  funds 
received  from  San  Francisco  for  the  operation  and  mainten- 
ance of  the  Steinhart  Aquarium,  is  about  $80,000.  Of  this 
amount  about  $10,000  is  annually  applied  to  a  reduction  of  in- 
debtedness and  the  rest  is  expended  on  scientific  research'  work 
and  the  upkeep  of  the  Academy's  exhibits.  Both  the  Museum 
and  the  Aquarium  are  open  to  the  public  daily  without  charge. 

The  wisdom  of  the  arrangement  with  the  lessee  of  the 
Academy's  Market  Street  property  made  in  1909,  according  to 
which  the  rent  is  readjusted  frequently,  based  on  reappraisals 
of  the  value  of  the  real  estate,  is  amply  demonstrated  by  the 
actual  result.  There  was,  as  the  result  of  such  reappraisal  in 
1924,  an  increase  in  income  due  to  this  cause  alone  of  $8,712. 
The  gross  income  from  this  property  in  the  year  1926  is  esti- 
mated at  $92,097  from  which,  to  determine  net  income  (with- 
out allowance  for  depreciation),  there  should  be  deducted 
$12,925,  the  interest  on  the  unpaid  balance  of  the  loan  secured 
by  this  property  which  now  stands  at  $235,000,  it  having  been 
reduced  $15,000  in  the  past  year. 

The  Academy  has  received  a  number  of  valuable  bequests 
and  donations  during  the  year  which  include  the  bequest  of 
the  late  Henry  M.  Holbrook,  preliminarily  noted  in  last  year's 
report  of  the  President,  of  a  notable  collection  of  moths  and 


512  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Paoc.  4th  Ser. 

butterflies  together  with  $2,000  for  the  installation  of  this  col- 
lection.   A  very  handsome  and  instructive  exhibit  has  resulted. 

Dr.  Frank  E.  Blaisdell  (under  date  of  Aug.  22,  1925)  pre- 
sented to  the  Academy  his  collection  of  over  100,000  speci- 
mens of  Coleoptera.  This  donation  of  great  scientific  value 
has  followed  closely  that  made  by  Dr.  E.  C.  Van  Dyke  in 
December,  1924,  which,  as  noted  in  last  year's  report,  is  also 
estimated  at  over  100,000  specimens. 

Mr.  Edward  P.  Van  Duzee,  Curator  of  Entomology,  under 
date  of  August  4.  1925,  presented  to  the  Academy  his  collec- 
tion of  more  than  30,000  specimens  of  Hemiptera.  This  col- 
lection probably  excels  any  other  collection  of  this  order  in 
this  country. 

In  grateful  recognition  of  these  valuable  donations  Dr. 
Edward  C.  Van  Dyke,  Dr.  Frank  E.  Blaisdell  and  Mr. 
Edward  P.  Van  Duzee  are  now  classed  as  Patrons  of  the 
Academy, 

Another  important  contribution  to  the  material  in  the  De- 
partment of  Entomology  was  made  by  John  E.  Carey  in  Janu- 
ary, 1925.  This  consists  of  500  specimens  of  Lepidoptera  col- 
lected in  Panama. 

Mr.  Ogden  Mills  has  added  $1000  to  sums  previously  con- 
tributed in  order  that  the  setting  of  the  Grizzly  Bear  habitat 
group  might  be  improved.  The  rearrangement  of  this  group 
is  now  in  progress. — the  work  being  done  with  funds  contrib- 
uted by  Mr.  Mills. 

The  most  notable  scientific  activity  of  the  Academy  during 
the  past  year  was  an  expedition  to  the  Revillagigedo  Islands, 
of  which  a  detailed  account  is  presented  in  the  report  of  the 
Director  of  the  Museum.  Thanks  to  the  interest  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Navy,  Curtis  D.  Wilbur,  the  cooperation  and  assist- 
ance of  the  United  States  Navy  Department  was  secured  and 
the  U.  S.  mine  sweeper  Ortolan  was  detailed  to  convey  the 
scientists  to  and  from  the  islands.  Sailing  on  April  15,  1925, 
each  of  the  islands  in  the  group  was  visited  and  the  expedition 
returned  on  June  12,  bringing  much  new  information  and 
valuable  collections  which  will  be  studied  with  publication  of 
results  in  due  course. 

The  Library  continues  to  grow.  Many  new  accessions  of 
valuable  publications  and  occasional  rare  editions  of  scientific 


Vol.  XIV]  GRUNSKY—PRESlDEh'TS  REPORT  FOR  1925  5I3 

books  have  been  made  possible  by  a  somewhat  larger  allot- 
ment of  funds  for  the  purpose  than  usually  available. 

The  Steinhart  Aquarium  has  been  operated  with  scrupulous 
adherence  to  the  requirement  that  expenditure  be  kept  within 
the  amounts  of  funds  allotted  by  the  City  and  County  of  San 
Francisco  for  its  operation.  The  Academy  has  exercised  great 
care  in  keeping  its  requests  for  funds  as  low  as  compatible 
with  efficient  management.  Nevertheless,  the  allotted  funds 
have  been  somewhat  below  the  actual  needs,  with  the  result 
that  there  has  had  to  be  some  curtailing  of  the  program  of 
collecting  specimens.  The  continued  popularity  of  the  Aqua- 
rium evidenced  by  large  attendance  is  gratifying  proof  of  its 
value  as  an  educational  adjunct  to  the  Academy  and  as  a  source 
of  much  pleasure  and  benefit  to  multitudes  of  people. 

The  Academy,  through  a  Committee  under  the  leadership 
of  Mr.  M.  Hall  McAllister,  continues,  among  other  activities, 
its  cooperation  with  other  organizations  in  the  preservation  of 
wild  life.  In  this  matter,  as  in  any  others  related  to  the  natural 
sciences,  the  Academy  is  at  all  times  ready  to  act  as  trustee  and 
would  be  only  too  glad  to  be  placed  in  command  of  facilities 
that  would  permit  large  increase  of  its  activities. 

The  need  for  more  space  for  the  research  work  of  the  cura- 
tors and  their  assistants  and  for  natural  history  exhibits,  and 
the  need  of  an  adequate  auditorium,  grows  more  pressing 
from  day  to  day.  Year  after  year  in  our  annual  reports  at- 
tention has  been  called  to  this  pressing  requirement  to  permit 
the  Academy  to  function  properly.  Aside  from  a  small  annual 
sinking  fund  (about  $10,000)  which  is  being  applied  to  a  re- 
duction of  the  indebtedness  which  was  incurred  when  the 
Academy's  Market  Street  property  was  improved  by  the  erec- 
tion of  a  modern  10-story  office  building,  all  of  the  Academy's 
income  is  expended  in  research  work  and  in  maintaining  and 
adding  to  its  research  collections  and  exhibits.  The  public  is, 
perhaps,  not  as  fully  advised  of  the  contributions  which  the 
Academy  has  made  to  the  advancement  of  science  as  it  should 
be.  The  results  of  studies  along  lines  of  natural  history  do 
not  as  a  rule  lend  themselves  to  spectacular  display.  The 
hardworking  entomolgist,  ornithologist,  botanist,  herpetolo- 
gist,  paleontologist,  ichthyologist,  as  the  case  may  be,  is  con- 
tent to  find  the  results  of  his  studies  made  of  record  in  printed 


514  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

form  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  mankind.  His  is  the  satisfac- 
tion in  the  doing  and  in  the  knowledge  that  in  some  measure  he 
has  broadened  the  foundation  on  which  civiHzation  rests.  The 
great  mass  of  the  people,  however,  do  not  see  what  is  being  so 
laboriously  and  so  well  done  on  most  slender  means. 

As  this  year  marks  the  tenth  anniversary  of  the  completion 
and  opening  of  the  first  unit  of  the  Academy's  museum  build- 
ing in  Golden  Gate  Park,  it  will  be  fitting  to  review  briefly  the 
activities  of  the  Academy  during  this  decade  with  the  hope 
that  the  further  financial  assistance  for  increased  activity  and 
usefulness  may  not  be  too  long  deferred. 

Before  presenting  this  condensed  review,  a  word  may  not 
be  out  of  place  in  appreciation  of  the  generous  endowments 
and  bequests  which  have  made  the  Academy's  activities  possi- 
ble. These  are  small  in  the  aggregate  compared  with  some  of 
the  munificent  endowments  of  similar  institutions  and  colleges 
of  learning  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  and  in  the  Middle  West. 
There  is  to  be  noted,  for  example,  the  recent  Munsey  bequest 
of  some  $20,000,000  to  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art  at 
New  York ;  the  $2,000,000  gift  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Shedd  of  Chicago 
for  an  aquarium;  $1,000,000  endowment  by  Henry  T.  Towne 
of  New  York  for  a  Museum  of  Peaceful  Arts ;  Julius  Rosen- 
wald's  $1,000,000  toward  the  establishment  of  an  Industrial 
Museum ;  and  the  Wilson  Catherwood  bequest  of  $250,000  to 
the  Zoological  Society  of  Philadelphia,  besides  more  than 
$70,000,000  in  recent  years  which  have  been  placed  at  the  dis- 
posal of  universities  or  to  be  used  in  establishing  new  institu- 
tions of  learning. 

The  endowments  and  bequests  have,  like  all  similar  provi- 
sions for  repositories  of  knowledge  and  for  research,  helped 
not  alone  to  make  for  the  progress  of  mankind,  but,  also,  to 
establish  that  balance  so  essential  from  the  economic  stand- 
point between  the  producing  class  and  the  non-producers  or 
consumers,  which  is  every  country's  safeguard  of  continued 
and  dependable  prosperity.  It  is  obvious  that  practically  all 
outgo  for  scientific  research  gets  into  local  circulation.  It 
goes  for  the  necessities  of  life,  for  food,  shelter,  clothing,  edu- 
cation, recreation,  transportation  and  what  not.  It  goes  from 
hand  to  hand  at  least  12  times  in  a  year.  Our  little  budget, 
for  example,  of  $75,000  to  $80,000  will  probably  account  for 


Vol.  XIV]  GRUNSKY—PRESIDENT'S  REPORT  FOR  192$  515 

nearly  $1,000,000  of  business  annually  within  California,  to 
the  advantage  of  both  middleman  and  producer.  From  the 
economic  standpoint,  therefore,  the  liberal  endowment  of  such 
institutions  as  this  Academy  is  amply  justified  and  no  more 
appropriate  outlet  for  large  accumulations  of  wealth  than  in 
the  making  of  such  endowments  and  bequests  to  worthy  in- 
stitutions could  possibly  be  found. 

The  first  large  scale  aid  came  to  the  Academy  from  James 
Lick,  to  whom  it  is  indebted  for  the  Market  Street  lot  between 
Fourth  and  Fifth  Streets  now  worth  over  $800,000,  the  build- 
ing on  which  produces  a  net  annual  return  of  about  $75,000. 

Next  in  the  order  of  magnitude  is  the  Ignatz  Steinhart  be- 
quest of  $250,000  for  the  Aquarium,  to  whose  popularity  a 
phenominally  large  list  of  visitors  bears  ample  and  gratifying 
testimony. 

Then  there  is  a  fund  of  $20,000  contributed  by  Charles 
Crocker  to  aid  in  compensating  those  engaged  in  scientific 
studies;  $5,000  contributed  by  Wm.  Alvord  for  use  by  the 
Department  of  Botany  and  a  $10,000  bequest  by  John  W. 
Hendrie  to  assist  in  publishing  papers  on  scientific  subjects, 
besides  a  large  number  of  donations  for  the  installation  of 
habitat  groups  and  other  exhibits  ranging  in  amount  from  $50 
to  over  $8,000,  but  which  amount  in  the  aggregate  to  more 
than  $40,000. 

Among  the  valuable  collections  which  have  enriched  the 
Academy's  stock  of  material  in  its  various  departments  are  the 
following: 

Collections  donated  or  bequeathed 

Hemphill  Collection  (shells) 

John    W.    and    Joseph    Mailliard    Collection    (ornithological    and 

oological) 
Kleeberger  Collection  (botanical) 

E.  C.  Van  Dyke  Collection   (entomological) 

F.  E.  Blaisdell  Collection   (entomological) 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee  Collection   (entomological) 
\V.  G.  Wright  Collection   (entomological) 

W.  Otto  Emerson  Collection    (ornithological) 

John  Van  Denburgh  Collection   (ornithological  and  oological) 

John  Van  Denburgh  (library) 

L.  S.  Smith  (library) 

Barton  W.  Evermann   (library) 


516  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Seb. 

Collections  purchased  znnth  contributed  funds 

Edward  H.  Taylor  (herpetological) 
Prager  Collection   (botanical) 

And  now  as  to  a  summary  of  what  has  been  accomplished 
in  these  recent  years : 

1 .  The  first  unit  of  the  museum  building  of  the  Academy  in 
Golden  Gate  Park  was  completed  and  dedicated  in  1916. 

2.  The  Steinhart  Aquarium  as  an  adjunct  of  the  Academy's 
building's  in  Golden  Gate  Park  was  completed  and  opened  to 
the  public  in  1923. 

3.  The  available  18  large-size  alcoves  (17  in  the  museum 
building  and  one  in  the  aquarium)  have  been  filled  with  high 
class  exhibits  of  birds  and  mammals  in  natural  environment. 

4.  The  research  collections  of  material  in  the  several  de- 
partments have  made  steady  and  in  some  departments  phe- 
nomenal growth,  so  that,  despite  the  almost  complete  loss  of 
material  in  the  fire  of  1906,  these  collections  are  now  quite 
notable  as  will  appear  from  the  following  brief  summary. 

The  Botanical  Department  of  the  California  Academy  of 
Sciences  was  not  reestablished  until  1912.  From  the  nucleus 
of  types  saved  from  the  great  fire,  the  collection  has  grown  so 
as  to  fill  81  cases,  31  of  which  on  account  of  restricted  space 
have  had  to  be  placed  in  the  hall  of  the  research  wing  of  the 
Museum  Building  adjoining  the  Botanical  Department.  There 
are  now  138,432  specimens  in  the  herbarium,  mounted,  num- 
bered and  stamped.  It  is  the  most  cosmopolitan  collection  on  the 
Pacific  Coast  and  is  unsurpassed  in  its  collection  of  the  exotics 
which  are  cultivated  out  of  doors  in  California  and  which 
represent  plants  from  all  parts  of  the  world.  It  is  considered 
the  Pacific  Coast  authority  on  these  plants  and  is  constantly 
consulted.  The  herbarium  is  also  rich  in  Alaskan  and  Yukon 
plants  and  probably  has  the  best  collection  on  the  Pacific 
Coast.  Our  Californian  collection  is  fairly  complete  though 
still  surpassed  by  collections  in  other  herbariums  of  the  Pacific 
Coast  which  have  had  much  longer  time  in  which  to  accumu- 
late material  and  which  have  had  many  more  collectors. 

Valuable  additions  have  been  made  by  exchange  with  some 
of  the  large  herbariums  of  the  world.    The  Royal  Herbarium 


Vol.  XIV]  GRUNSKY— PRESIDENT'S  REPORT  FOR  i9^5  Sl7 

at  Kew,  England;  the  National  Herbarium  at  Washington; 
the  Gray  Herbarium,  Cambridge,  Mass. ;  the  Arnold  Arbore- 
tum, Jamaica  Plain,  Mass.;  and  the  New  York  Botanical 
Garden  have  all  been  most  generous  in  making  exchanges. 

The  greatest  donation  was  that  of  the  Prager  Herbarium, 
which  was  purchased  in  1921  through  the  generosity  of  Wm. 
H.  Crocker,  Wm.  F.  Herrin,  A.  F.  Morrison,  J.  C.  Augsbury, 
J.  D.  Grant,  Wm.  M.  Fitzhugh  and  Wm.  C.  Van  Antwerp. 
This  was  one  of  the  largest  private  herbariums  in  Germany 
and  added  about  26,000  species  and  over  50,000  specimens  to 
the  Academy's  herbarium.  This  collection  is  especially  rich  in 
Australian,  South  African,  Asia  Minor  and  Arctic  and 
European  species  and  contains  many  paratypes. 

Doctors  Fred  and  Charlotte  Baker  donated  a  valuable  col- 
lection which  they  made  in  Japan  and  China.  Professor  R. 
Kleeberger  donated  his  herbarium,  which  included  his  own 
collections  made  in  Connecticut  and  also  a  set  of  the  Kellogg 
and  Harford  collections  made  in  California  in  the  1860's. 
Mrs.  Abbott  gave  the  Academy  her  deceased  husband's  collec- 
tion known  as  the  Dr.  E.  K.  Abbott  collection.  It  is  rich  in 
specimens  from  Monterey  County,  also  in  a  collection  from 
France  made  many  years  ago  in  the  region  memorable  as  the 
chief  seat  of  the  world  war.  Valuable  collections  from  Chile 
and  from  China  have  been  secured  by  purchase.  The  specimens 
collected  on  the  various  expeditions  elsewhere  noted  have 
added  many  species  to  the  collection  besides  furnishing  valu- 
able material  for  exchange. 

The  Academy's  paleontological  collection  was  entirely  de- 
stroyed in  1906.  It  has  since  then  been  restored  to  greater 
size.  The  specimens  run  into  millions.  Invertebrate  paleon- 
tology of  western  North  America  is  better  represented  in  the 
Academy's  collection  than  anywhere  else.  Much  comparative 
material  is  in  the  collection  obtained  from  many  typical  locali- 
ties elsewhere  in  the  world.  The  collection  of  organic  shales, 
which  have  a  definite  relation  to  the  pretroleum  industry,  is 
by  far  the  largest  in  existence.  In  the  collection  of  type  ma- 
terial the  number  of  catalogued  specimens  of  various  kinds 
now  exceeds  2000.    The  growth  of  the  entire  paleontological  col- 


518  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

lection  is  reported  by  the  Curator  to  have  made  a  phenomenal 
growth  in  the  last  ten  years.  Because  of  inadequate  space  in 
the  main  laboratory  it  has  been  necessary  to  store  tem[X)rarily 
many  hundreds  of  thousands  of  specimens  in  the  almost  inac- 
cessible basement  of  the  Museum  building. 

The  Academy's  ornithological  collection  is  l^est  developed  in 
marine  birds,  shore  birds  and  ducks  and  geese.  The  specimens 
of  birds  in  the  collection  (skins,  skeletons  and  alcoholics)  now 
number  39,425.  The  sets  of  eggs  number  8,991.  The  im- 
portant accessions  are  as  follow : 

Birds 

Galapagos  Exhibition,  1905-6,  8688  skins. 

Dr.  Louis  B.  Bishop,  April  6,  1907,  369  skins  (gift). 

California  Fish  and  Game  Commission,  April  4,  1908,  102  skins  (gift). 

Mr.  Theodore  J.  Hoover,  August  13,  1909,  1121  specimens  (gift). 

Mrs.  Alice  Locke,  Sept.  23,  1911,  263  specimens  (purchase). 

Emerson  Collection  (W.  H.  Crocker),  September  16.  1920,  706  speci- 
mens  (gift). 

Emerson  Collection  (John  W.  Mailliard),  September  16,  1920,  1110 
specimens   (gift). 

Mailliard  Collection    (J.  &  J.  W.  Mailliard),   10,785  specimens,   1919 

(gift). 

Gulf  of  California  Expedition,  1921,  25  specimens  (exploration). 

Lower  California  Expedition,  1922,  126  specimens   (exploration). 

Revillagigedos  Expedition,  1925,  534  specimens   (exploration). 

Mr.  J.  August  Kusche,  June  21,  1921,  152  specimens  from  Australia 
and  the  Solomon  Islands   (purchase). 

Mr.  C.  J.  Wilson,  December  15,  1922,  81  specimens  from  the  Malay- 
Peninsula  (gift). 

Eggs 

Mailliard  Collection  (Gift  of  J.  &  J.  W.  Mailliard).  1919,  3,270  sets. 

Galapagos  Expedition,  1905-06,  818  sets  (exploration). 

Gulf  of  California  Expedition,  1921,  511  set  (exploration). 

Revillagigedos  Expedition,  1925,  59  sets   (exploration). 

Dr.  John  Van  Denburgh  (through  Mr.  Douglas  Van  Denburgh). 
November  6,  1924,  1311  sets  and  16  nests  (gift).  Of  particular 
value  because  of  the  29  sets  of  Golden  Eagle. 

Dr.  Harry  R.  Painlon,  December  8,  1924,  386  sets  (gift). 

The  Academy  possesses  1  egg  of  California  Vulture  (value  $750)  ; 
1  egg  of  Black  Swift  (value  $75)  ;  and  a  fine  series  of  the  eggs 
of  the  Elegant  Tern  and  Aleutian  Sandpiper.  Of  the  last  two  the 
Academy  probably  possesses  the  finest  series  extant. 

Dr.  G.  Dallas  Hanna  (Pril)ilof  collections),  769  sets  (exploration). 


\0L.  XIV]  GRUNSKY—PRESIDENT'S  REPORT  FOR  rg^S  519 

Of  Mammals  there  are  in  the  Academy  5250  si)ecimens 
(skins  and  skulls).  Among  the  principal  accessions  of  these 
are  to  be  noted : 

W.  W.  Price  Collection,  991  skins,  small  mammals  from  Eldorado  and 

Mono  counties ;  and  Douglas  County,  Nevada. 
H.    O.   Jenkins    Collection,   506,    chiefly   Monterey   and    Santa    Clara 

counties. 
Mr.  A.  K.  Macomber,  Gorilla  from  Belgian  Congo,  July  25,  1924. 
Lower  California  Expedition,  1921,  70  specimens. 
Galapagos  Expedition,  1905-06,  120  specimens. 

During  the  past  ten  years  the  Academy's  Department  of 
Entomology  has  grown  from  a  small  unorganized  collection 
until  it  now  ranks  among  the  large  collections  of  the  country, 
containing  approximately  500,000  specimens,  and,  so  far  as 
west  American  material  is  concerned,  probably  takes  first  rank, 
with  a  very  large  proportion  of  its  material  carefully  deter- 
mined and  well  arranged  in  systematic  order  and  therefore 
available  for  comparison  and  study.  The  following  valuable 
collections,  as  already  noted,  have  recently  been  added  to  the 
Academy's  material : 

The  E.  C.  Van  Dyke  Collection  of  over  100,000  specimens.  Coleoptera. 

The  F.  E.  Blaisdell  Collection  of  over  100,000  specimens.  Coleoptera. 

The  E.  P.  Van  Duzee  Collection  of  over  30,000  specimens.  Hemiptera. 
John  E.  Carey  Collection  of  over  900  Lepidoptera. 

The  Academy's  collection  of  reptiles  and  amphibians  has 
been  re-built  since  1906.  It  now  numbers  over  59,000  speci- 
mens and  is  one  of  the  largest  in  America.  The  collection  of 
Galapagos  tortoises  is  the  largest  and  most  complete  in  exist- 
ence. The  collection  from  the  Pacific  Coast  is  unsurpassed  by 
any  other  museum.  The  oriental  collections  are  large  and 
valuable. 

The  Academy's  library,  too,  is  notable.  This  now  consists 
of  an  extensive  and  valuable  collection  of  books,  periodicals 
and  pamphlets  on  all  branches  of  natural  history  and  related 
subjects. 

For  a  fuller  understanding  of  the  work  which  has  been  ac- 
complished by  the  Academy,  reference  should  be  had  to  its 


520  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

publications,  of  which  the  enumeration  elsewhere  in  this  re- 
port of  the  publications  in  1925  gives  a  fair  idea.  This  report 
would  become  too  extended  to  attempt  a  review  of  the  pub- 
lished material,  even  though  restricted  to  the  last  ten  years 
only. 

It  is  a  pleasure  to  be  able  thus  to  present  in  condensed  form 
the  results  of  the  Academy's  activities  and  it  is  only  necessary 
to  refer  to  this  summary  to  show  how  enthusiastic  and  able 
has  been  the  work  of  the  Academy's  curators  and  their  assist- 
ants. For  them  and  for  the  Academy  itself  let  me  hope  for 
further  continuous  and  generous  encouragement  and  support 
by  the  public  whom  the  Academy  is  endeavoring  to  serve.  To 
all  who  have  in  any  way  contributed  to  the  Academy's  activi- 
ties and  successes,  it  makes  grateful  acknowledgment. 


Vol.  XIV]  EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  1925  521 

XX 

REPORT  OF  THE   DIRECTOR  FOR  THE   YEAR   1925 

BY 

BARTON  WARREN  EVERMANN 
Director  of  the  Museum  and  of  the  Aquarium 

The  annual  report  of  the  Director  for  the  year  1924  was 
presented  to  the  Academy  at  the  annual  meeting,  February 
18,  1925. 

The  scientific  and  educational  activities  of  the  Museum  were 
maintained  during  the  year  1925  in  a  satisfactory  manner. 
The  members  of  the  scientific  staff  have  been  active  not  only  in 
adding  to  the  collections  in  their  respective  departments  but 
also  in  arranging  and  classifying  the  collections  and  in  re- 
search work. 

Personnel 

The  personnel  of  the  Museum  staff  has  not  greatly  changed. 
Mr.  Frank  Yale,  who  had  been  in  the  service  of  the  Academy 
many  years,  died  March  12,  1925.  Miss  Margaret  Dold,  Li- 
brary Assistant,  resigned  May  28  to  accept  a  position  in  the 
Mechanics  Institute  Library;  Frank  Ashworth,  assistant  jani- 
tor, left  January  8,  1925,  and  was  succeeded  by  Ralph  Borden 
January  12,  who  remained  until  February  22,  when  he  was 
replaced  by  M.  D.  Phillips,  who  remained  only  a  short  time 
when  William  E.  Nicherson  served  a  few  days,  when  he  was 
followed  by  C.  A.  Bellas  June  1  to  August  31,  Milward  Lavin 
July  13  to  September  4,  and  Hugh  R.  Jones  September  12. 

On  July  1,  the  Department  of  Fishes  was  established  with 
H.  Walton  Clark  as  Assistant  Curator. 

The  employes  of  the  Museum  on  January  1,  1926,  were  as 
follows :  Dr.  Barton  Warren  Evermann,  Director  and  Execu- 
tive Curator  of  the  Museum,  Editor  of  the  Academy  publica- 
tions and  Director  of  the  Steinhart  Aquarium ;  W.  W.  Sar- 
geant,  Secretary  to  the  Board  of  Trustees;  Miss  Susie  M. 
Peers,  Secretary  to  the  Director ;  Joseph  W.  Hobson,  Record- 
ing Secretary;  Mrs.  Constance  W.  Campbell,  office  assistant, 

April  28,   1926 


522  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Sb». 

part  time;  Raymond  L.  Smith,  office  assistant;  Miss  Mabel 
E.  Phillips,  check-room  attendant;  Miss  Alice  Eastwood, 
Curator,  and  Mrs.  Kate  E.  Phelps  and  Miss  Clara  Tose,  as- 
sistants, Department  of  Botany ;  Edward  P.  Van  Duzee,  Cura- 
tor; Dr.  F.  R.  Cole,  Curator  in  Dipterology;  Hartford  H. 
Keifer,  Assistant  Curator,  and  J.  O.  Martin,  temporary  as- 
sistant. Department  of  Entomology;  H.  Walton  Clark,  As- 
sistant Curator,  Department  of  Fishes ;  Joseph  R.  Slevin,  As- 
sistant Curator,  Department  of  Herpetology ;  Dr.  G.  Dallas 
Hanna,  Curator;  Eric  Knight  Jordan,  Assistant  Curator,  and 
Leo  G.  Hertlein,  temporary  assistant,  Department  of  Paleon- 
tology; Joseph  Mailliard,  Curator,  and  Miss  Mary  E.  Mc- 
Lellan,  Assistant  Curator,  Department  of  Ornithology  and 
Mammalogy;  Dr.  Walter  K.  Fisher,  Curator,  Department  of 
Invertebrate  Zoology;  Frank  Tose.  Chief  Taxidermist,  and 
James  F.  Campbell.  Russell  Hendricks,  Chandler  Smith.  Cecil 
Tose,  Ralph  Keating.  Douglas  Kelly,  and  Mrs.  A.  M.  Hill, 
student  assistants,  Department  of  Exhibits ;  Edward  P.  Van 
Duzee,  Assistant  Librarian ;  C.  A.  Bellas.  Library  Assistant ; 
William  C.  Lewis,  janitor;  Hugh  Jones,  assistant  janitor; 
Mrs.  Johanna  E.  Wilkens,  charwoman;  Patrick  O'Brien,  day 
watch;  Archie  McCarte,  night  watch. 

Accessions  to  the  Museum  and  Library 

The  accessions  to  the  museum  and  library  have  been,  as  in 
former  years,  many  and  valuable.  An  itemized  list  is  given  in 
the  appendix  to  this  report  (pp.  549-559).  A  few  of  the  more 
notable  are  mentioned  in  the  President's  report  (p.  516). 

Cooperation  with  Public  and  Private  Schools,  with 
Other  Institutions,  and  with  Individuals 

Cooi^eration  of  the  Academy  with  the  schools,  other  institu- 
tions, and  individuals  continues  close  and  mutually  helpful.  An 
arrangement  was  made  with  Mrs.  Anna  V.  Dorris.  in 
charge  of  visual  instruction  in  the  public  schools  of  Berkeley, 
whereby  the  following  portable  habitat  groups  were  prepared 
for  use  in  the  Berkeley  public  schools:  Western  Robin. 
Western  Meadowlark,  San  Francisco  Towhee,  California 
Shrike,  California  Woodpecker,  Gila  Woodpecker,  Barn  Owl, 


Vol.  XIV] 


EyERMANN— DIRECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  1925 


523 


Marsh  Birds,  Spring  Pocket  Mouse,  Cliickaree,  Golden- 
mantled  Ground  Squirrel,  California  Ground  Squirrel,  and 
Weasel.  These  have  been  in  constant  use  during  the  year.  It 
is  hoped  that  other  groups  may  be  prepared  this  year. 

Visitors  to  the  Museum  in  1925 

The  total  number  of  visitors  to  the  Museum  in  the  calendar 
year  1925  was  553,423,  the  greatest  in  the  history  of  the 
Museum  with  the  exception  of  1924,  when  it  was  646,033. 

The  number  of  visitors  by  months  and  years  since  the  open- 
ing, September  22,  1916,  is  shown  in  the  following  table : 

Month     1916  1917  1918  1919  1920  1921  1922  1923  1924  1925 

January  23170  25260  17241  27013  25755  19038  15270  32364  34989 

February  22058  23698  17586  23450  25679  18534  20529  44439  29295 

March 31606  26810  27397  25419  28279  27922  26341  39935  39168 

April  32175  23274  25994  32208  24939  36057  21911  41332  40257 

May  26154  26391  28369  37107  25517  27237  37597  48152  38137 

June  32123  29843  32248  36207  29406  27131  39511  58281  51775 

July  37193  31420  48028  52492  43186  36263  64530  91329  69921 

August  24619  31137  43730  53470  39422  34787  50849  105130  77847 

September  .  16448  27866  29847  34007  42013  31458  28408  69870  82814  637i7 

October  ..  36933  20629  14743  30463  33500  24861  19459  66894  43074  40418 

November  .  27718  21810  8531  25246  19347  18593  19080  48766  37611  35634 

December  .  15002  21693  19588  21188  21340  15062  13339  36707  21572  32245 

Total...  96101  321096  290542  351497  403566  332157  307255  498775  646033  553423 

Total  number  of  visitors  since  opening,   September  16,  1916,  has  been 
3,800,445. 

The  public  and  private  schools  of  the  state  continue  to  avail 
themselves  of  the  educational  uses  of  the  Museum  and  the  re- 
search collections. 

The  number  of  schools  visiting  the  museum  is  so  great  that 
we  cannot  print  the  list,  much  to  our  regret.  The  following 
summary  must  suffice : 


Schools  of  San  Francisco : 

Total  Number  Visiting  Pupils 5643 

Total   Number   Visiting  Teachers 169 

Total    Number   Visiting    Classes 184 

Schools  Outside  of  San  Francisco : 

Total   Number  of   Pupils 1373 

Total  Number  of  Teachers 48 

Total  Number  of  Classes 55 


5643 


1373 


7016 


524  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Piioc.  4th  Ser. 

Museum  Activities  and  Growth 

The  past  year  has  witnessed  commendable  activity  in  each 
of  the  several  departments  of  the  Museum.  The  various  cura- 
tors and  their  assistants  have  shown  great  zeal  and  industry 
and  have  made  excellent  progress  in  the  orderly  arrangement 
and  care  of  the  collections  in  their  charge.  The  field  work  was 
unusually  extensive  and  productive,  as  set  forth  in  detail  in 
the  respective  departmental  reports;  mention  need  be  made 
here  of  only  a  few  of  the  more  notable  activities. 

The  U.  S.  S.  Ortolan  Expedition  of  the  California  Academy 
of  Sciences  to  the  Revillagigedo  Islands  was  one  of  the  most 
important  ever  sent  out  by  the  Academy.  Our  scientific  stafif 
for  several  years  had  been  casting  longing  eyes  toward  that 
interesting  group  lying  300  to  600  miles  off  the  Pacific  coast 
of  Mexico.  As  no  very  careful  study  had  ever  been  made  of 
the  fauna  and  flora  of  those  islands,  it  was  believed  that  an 
expedition  to  them  would  yield  results  of  considerable  scien- 
tific importance  and  interest  and  add  greatly  to  the  natural 
history  collections  of  the  Museum. 

Upon  making  our  wishes  known  to  the  U.  S.  Navy  De- 
partment, Secretary  Curtis  D.  Wilbur  very  generously  detailed 
the  U.  S.  S.  minesweeper  Ortolan  for  the  use  of  the  Academy 
in  making  the  survey. 

The  Ortolan  outfitted  at  Mare  Island  Navy  Yard,  from 
which  place  she  sailed  on  April  15,  with  M,  M.  Nelson,  Lieu- 
tenant, U.  S.  Navy,  in  command. 

The  Academy  was  represented  by  the  following:  Dr.  G. 
Dallas  Hanna,  curator  of  paleontology,  in  charge;  Mr.  Joseph 
R.  Slevin,  assistant  curator  of  herpetology,  assistant  chief; 
Frank  Tose,  chief  taxidermist;  Hartford  H.  Keifer,  assistant 
curator  of  entomology ;  Eric  Knight  Jordan,  assistant  curator 
of  paleontology ;  H.  L.  Mason,  botanist ;  John  T.  Wright,  col- 
lector in  ornithology  and  mammalogy;  Raymond  Duheni,  offi- 
cial photographer. 

Upon  arriving  at  San  Diego,  where  the  Ortolan  stopped  to 
take  on  certain  supplies,  the  scientific  staff  was  joined  by  Pro- 
fessor Francisco  Contreras,  Director  Museo  Nacional  de 
Mexico;  Dr.  Octavio  Solis,  Director  of  the  Botanical  Garden 


Vol.  XIVJ  EVERMANN— DIRECTOR  S  REPORT  FOR  I9^s  525 

of  Chapultepec,  Mexico,  and  Professor  Jose  Maria  Gallegos, 
who  accompanied  the  expedition  as  representatives  of  the 
Mexican  government  and  as  guests  of  the  California  Academy 
of  Sciences. 

Mention  should  be  made  of  cooperation  with  the  Scripps 
Institution  for  Biological  Research  whereby  the  Academy  un- 
dertook to  secure  for  the  Institution  samples  of  water  and 
plankton  at  intervals  along  the  route  of  travel. 

A  detailed  general  report  of  the  expedition  will  be  published 
soon.^  The  extensive  collections  obtained  have  been  assigned 
for  study  and  report  to  specialists  in  the  various  groups ;  their 
reports  will  be  published  in  the  Academy's  Proceedings.  Let 
it  suffice  to  say  at  this  time  that  the  Expedition  visited  each 
of  the  islands  of  the  Revillagigedo  group  (Clarion,  Socorro, 
Roca  Partida  and  San  Benedicto),  also  Guadalupe  Island  to 
inspect  the  elephant  seal  rookery  there,  several  islands  of  the 
Tres  Marias  archipelago,  and  a  number  of  islands  and  stations 
in  Lower  California  were  visited  en  route  northward  and 
valuable  collections  made  at  each.  This  expedition,  which  re- 
turned to  San  Francisco  June  10,  is  regarded  as  the  most  im- 
portant and  most  successful  the  Academy  has  ever  sent  out. 

Curator  Mailliard  of  the  Department  of  Ornithology  and 
Mammalogy  carried  on  field  investigations  in  Siskiyou  County, 
northern  California,  in  May  and  June,  in  Placer  County  in 
June,  July  and  December,  and  in  Modoc  County  in  September 
and  October  which  resulted  in  important  additions  to  our 
knowledge  of  the  birds  and  mammals  of  those  regions. 

In  September  and  October  Assistant  Curator  Miss  McLellan 
carried  on  investigations  in  the  states  of  Sinaloa  and  Mayarit, 
Mexico,  during  which  she  obtained  an  excellent  series  of  the 
birds  of  tliat  region  which  will  prove  of  much  value  in  the 
study  of  the  collections  obtained  at  the  Tres  Marias  Islands 
by  the  Ortolan  expedition. 

The  growth  of  the  Department  of  Entomology  has  been  un- 
precedented. The  additions  to  the  Department's  collections 
total  more  than  182,000  specimens.  These  include  the  Blais- 
dell  collection  of  100,000  Coleoptera  and  the  Van  Duzee  col- 
lection of  30,000  Hemiptera. 

*This  report  has  now  been  published.  See  Vol.  XV,  No.  1,  pp.  1-113,  of  these 
Proceedings. 


526  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

The  additions  to  the  collections  in  the  Department  of  Herpe- 
tology  numbers  3,253  specimens  of  reptiles  and  amphibians. 

The  Herbarium  under  Miss  Eastwood's  able  and  energetic 
management  has  grown  by  leaps  and  bounds  and  now  numbers 
more  than  138,0CX)  sheets  of  mounted  specimens. 

The  growth  of  the  Department  of  Paleontology  has  been  no 
less  notable.  The  additions  to  the  collections  have  been  many 
and  important,  perhaps  the  largest  being  a  very  large  and 
valuable  series  of  minerals,  fossils,  and  shells  from  the  Philip- 
pines, Java,  and  Sumatra  donated  by  Dr.  Roy  E.  Dickerson, 
for  several  years  the  efficient  and  energetic  curator  of  the 
Department. 

The  Department  of  Exhibits  has  been  active  in  the  prepara- 
tion and  installation  of  new  habitat  groups,  chiefly  of  the  small 
panel  type,  of  which  the  following  were  completed  within  the 
year:  California  Woodpecker,  Lazuli  Bunting,  Point  Reyes 
Mountain  Beaver,  and  Warner  Mountain  Cony.  These  are 
all  excellently  done  and  are  very  attractive  exhibits. 

The  Library  has  received  a  good  number  of  accessions  by 
gift,  exchange  and  purchase,  the  total  being  about  967  volumes 
and  about  100  pamphlets. 

For  a  number  of  years  no  binding  was  done,  but  this  yeai 
1163  volumes  were  bound  at  a  cost  of  $1,614.75. 

Use  of  the  Academy  Library  and  Coi-lections 
BY  Investigators  and  Students 

Use  of  the  Academy  library  and  the  educational  and  research 
collections  in  the  respective  departments  increases  each  year. 
While  many  of  our  members  make  use  of  the  library,  it  is  be- 
lieved that  many  others  would  do  so  if  they  realized  how  well 
the  library  is  now  supplied  with  current  scientific  periodicals, 
outing  magazines,  standard  works  of  reference,  and  recen: 
authoritative  publications  in  the  various  departments  of  physi- 
cal and  biological  science.  It  is  hoped  that  our  members  may 
get  in  the  habit  of  visiting  the  library  when  they  desire  in- 
formation in  any  department  of  science  which  can  be  found  in 
our  publications.  Members  and  their  friends  are  cordially  in- 
vited to  visit  the  various  department  laboratories  and  collec- 
tions when  they  wish  to  see  any  species  of  animal  or  plant  of 


Vol.  XIV] 


EWERMANN—DI RECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  19^5 


527 


which  we  have  specimens.  In  some  of  our  tlepartments  the 
collections  are  quite  extensive  and  the  visitor  will  probably  find 
specimens  of  the  particular  species  he  wishes  to  see. 

Troop  20  of  the  Boy  Scouts  under  Scout  Master  Harold  E. 
Hanson,  continues  to  meet  weekly  in  the  Academy's  Audi- 
torium. The  Academy  is  glad  to  be  able  to  extend  this  cour- 
tesy to  the  Boy  Scouts.  Various  other  organizations  have 
from  time  to  time  held  special  meetings  in  our  Auditorium. 


Conservation  of  Wild  Life 

The  Committee  on  the  conservation  of  wild  life  has  been 
active  during  the  year.  The  annual  meeting  of  the  Committee 
was  held  February  10,  1926,  at  which  reports  of  the  various 
volunteer  observers  were  read.  The  census  of  big  game  ani- 
mals in  each  region  where  the  Academy  has  an  observer,  is 
as  follows : 

Mountain  Sheep 

Inyo  Mountains  east  of  Big  Pine,  Edwin  H.  Ober,  observer. .  .42 
Riverside  and  San  Bernardino  counties,  E.  L.  Hedderly,  observer. 72 
Mt.  San  Antonio,  Los  Angeles  G)unty,  A.  T.  Shay,  observer. .  .18 

132 

Antelope 

Mt.  Dome,  Siskiyou  County  and  adjacent  territory,  John  O. 

Miller,  observer   175 

Lassen  County,  W.  G.  Durbin,  observer 26 

Fresno  County ;  no  report 

Kern  County,  Los  Angeles  Refuge,  E.  L.  Hedderly,  observer. .  .11 

212 

Valley  Elk 

Kern  County,  Miller  and  Lux  herd,  L.  E.  Nance,  observer 800 

Yosemite  Paddock,  W.  B.  Lewis,  observer 13 

Colusa  and  Yolo  counties,  C.  Swanson,  observer 15 

San  Luis  Obispo  County,  C.  C  Rossi,  observer 11 

Monterey  County,  C.  S.  Olmsted,  observer 30 

Laguna    Mountains,    San    Diego    County,    Dr.    Harry    M. 

Wegeforth,   observer   35 

904 


i;^    I  L    I    S    Ti   A 


528  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  IPaoc.  4th  3b«. 

National  Park  Reports 

Yelloivstone  National  Park,  Horace  M.  Albright,  Supt. 

Elk:  Park,  North  herd 17,242 

Jackson  Hole  19,442 

36,685 

Buffalo :    Lamar   River 753 

Cold   Creek    125 

878 

Antelope 417 

Mountain  Sheep : 

Actual  count   195 

Estimated    600 

795 
Moose : 

Actual  count   170 

Estimated   525 

695 

Mule  Deer  1,800 

Whitetail   Deer    12 

Black  Bear   200 

Grizzly  Bear  75 

Grand  Canyon  National  Park,  J .  Ross  Eakin,  Supt. 

Mountain  Sheep,  estimated  500 

Antelope,  actual  count 9 

Deer,  estimated   2,720 

This  does  not  include  the  Kaibab  herd  of  deer  which  con- 
tains about   5,000 

Zion  National  Park,  Richard  T.  Evans,  Supt. 

Mountain  Sheep,  estimated  100 

Mule  Deer 500 

McKinlcy  National  Park,  Henry  P.  Karstens,  Supt. 

Caribou,  estimated   30,000 

Mountain  Sheep   10,000 

Grizzly  Bear,  quite  plentiful. 
Moose,  not  common  in  Park. 


\0L.  XIV]  EVERM ANN— DIRECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  192$  $29 

Glacier  National  Park,  Charles  J.  Kraebel,  Supt. 

Moose,  count   69 

Elk,  count  567 

Deer,    Blacktail,    count 764 

Deer,  Whitetail,  count   1,311 

Mountain  Sheep,  count  724 

Mountain  Goat,  count  943 

Bear,  Grizzly,  count    51 

Bear,  Black  and  Brown,  count  76 

Crater  Lake  National  Park,  Charles  Goff  Thomson,  Supt. 

Bear  9 

Deer,  Blacktail  60 

Rocky  Mountain  National  Park,  Colorado,  Roger  W.  Toll,  Supt. 

Deer,   Blacktail,   estimated    3,000 

Mountain  Sheep,  estimated  400 

Elk,  estimated    200 

Bear,  Black  and  Brown 35 

Rainier  National  Park,  Oiven  A.  Tomlinson,  Supt. 

Deer,   Blacktail,   count   350 

Mountain  Gk)at,   count    250 

Bear,  Black,  count   200 

Elk,  count   15 

M.  Hall  McAllister,  Chairman. 


Stein  HART  Aquarium 

The  activities  of  the  Aquarium  for  1925  are  fully  covered  in 
the  report  of  the  Superintendent.  Let  it  suffice  to  say  here 
that  the  Aquarium  continues  to  grow  in  attractiveness  and 
popular  interest.  The  number  of  visitors  for  the  year  exceeded 
one  million,  including  382  school  classes  in  charge  of  350 
teachers  and  containing  9,866  pupils. 

The  interest  which  the  public  takes  in  the  Aquarium  is 
shown  not  only  by  the  large  number  of  visitors  but  in  many 
other  ways;  for  example,  various  f>ersons  have  given  to  the 
Aquarium  within  the  year  a  total  of  728  fishes,  turtles,  snakes 
and  other  live  animals.  On  the  other  hand  the  Aquarium  has 
given  to  schools  and  individuals  during  the  year  a  total  of 
1,858  small  aquarium  fishes  and  other  objects. 


530  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser, 

The  Academy  in  this  way  encourages  the  use  of  small  bal- 
anced aquariums  in  homes  and  schools. 

Aquarium  Personnel 

A  number  of  changes  in  the  personnel  of  the  Aquarium  have 
taken  place  within  the  year,  due  chiefly  to  resignations  on 
account  of  the  inadequate  salaries  paid.  The  employes  with 
scarcely  an  exception  have  been  and  are  efficient  and  indus- 
trious, performing  their  respective  duties  with  enthusiasm  and 
pride,  but  better  salaries  must  be  paid  if  we  are  to  retain  the 
most  efficient. 

The  present  personnel  is  as  follows : 

Dr.  Barton  Warren  F^vermann,  Director,  part  time ;  W.  W.  Sargeant, 
Secretary,  part  time ;  Susie  M.  Peers,  Secretary  to  the  Director,  part  time ; 
Mrs.  Constance  W.  Campbell,  office  assistant,  part  time;  Alvin  Seale, 
Superintendent ;  Wallace  Adams,  Assistant  Superintendent ;  Herbert 
Brandt,  collector;  Clynt  S.  Martin,  chief  engineer;  Warren  R.  Hayes, 
assistant  engineer ;  P.  E.  Shepherd,  assistant  engineer ;  S.  J.  Shenefield, 
carpenter  and  general  utility  man;  Charles  Brandt,  chief  attendant;  C.  E. 
Guidry,  assistant  attendant ;  Robert  J.  Lanier,  electrician  and  assistant 
attendant;  Patrick  O'Neill,  janitor;  Frank  J.  Maxwell,  assistant  janitor; 
Dora  Arnold,  doorkeeper;  James  Kavanaugh,  police  officer. 

Acknowledgments 

As  in  the  past,  many  courtesies  and  favors  of  one  kind  or 
another  have  been  shown  the  Academy  by  various  organiza- 
tions and  individuals.  Space  does  not  pennit  individual 
acknowledgments  of  all,  but  the  Academy  is  grateful  to  all 
who  have  helped  it  in  any  way  and  who  have  shown  interest  in 
its  work.  First,  to  those  who  have  contributed  to  the  educa- 
tional program  of  the  Academy  by  giving  one  or  more  lectures 
in  our  Sunday  afternoon  and  Wednesday  evening  lecture 
courses,  the  grateful  thanks  of  the  Academy  are  due;  also  to 
those  who  have  donated  specimens  to  the  departments  or  books 
to  the  library.  Special  mention  should  be  made  of  the  deep 
interest  which  the  Southern  Pacific  Company,  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  Railway  System,  and  the  Los  Angeles 
Steamship  Company  have  shown  in  the  scientific  and  educa- 
tional work  of  the  Academy,     Each  of  these  companies  has 


Vol.  XIV]  EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  19^5  53] 

rendered  material  assistance  to  members  of  the  staff  in  con- 
nection with  their  field  studies  of  the  fauna,  flora,  paleontology 
and  geology  of  the  state,  and  in  making  collections  of  live 
fishes  for  the  Steinhart  Aquarium.  With  their  generous  co- 
operation the  Academy  is  able  to  carry  on  its  research  and 
educational  work  much  more  comprehensively  and  thoroughly 
than  would  otherwise  be  possible. 

Publications  by  the  Museum  Staff 

The  following  bibliography  lists  the  papers  published  by  the 
Museum  and  Aquarium  staffs  in  the  year  1925.  In  the  case 
of  Dr.  Hanna  it  includes  his  1924  titles  inadvertently  omitted 
from  the  annual  report  for  that  year. 

Qark,  H.  Walton. 

1.  Lynvuea  aurkulata  (Linn.)  in  California.  <Nautilu?,  Vol. 
XXXVIII,  No.  4,  pp.  125-126,  April,  1925  (With  G.  Dallas 
Hanna). 

Eastwood,  Alice 

1.  The  Madrono.    <California  Out  of  Doors  (Tamalpais  Conserva- 

tion Club  organ),  January,  1925. 

2.  Sequoia  versus  Eucalyptus.     < California  Out  of  Doors,  April, 

1925. 

3.  The   Rose   Family  on   Mount   Tamalpais.      < California   Out   of 

Doors,  July,  1925. 

4.  The    Aftergrowth   of    a    Mountain    Fire.      <California    Out    of 

Doors,  January,  1926. 

5.  Review  of  R.  S.  Ellsworth's  The  Giant  Sequoia.     <Bull.  Sierra 

Qub,  Vol.  XII,  No.  2,  pp.  204-205,  1925. 

6.  Annual  Report,  Department  of  Botany  for  1924.     <Proc.  Calif. 

Acad.  Sci.,  4th  Ser.,  Vol.  XIII,  No.  28,  pp.  467-468,  May  29, 
1925. 

Evermann,  Barton  Warren 

1.  Save  the  Elephant  Seals.     <Catalina  Islander,  January  21,  1925. 

2.  Pollution  of  the  Sea.     <Mid-Pacific  Magazine,  Vol.  XXIX,  No. 

3,  March,  1925,  pp.  563-565. 

3.  Report  of  the  Director  of  the  Museum  (of  the  California  Acad- 

emy of  Sciences)  for  the  year  1924.     <Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci., 
4th  Ser.,  Vol.  XIII,  No.  28,  pp.  411-487,  May  29,  1925. 

4.  Are  Elephant  Seals  destructive  to  the  fisheries?    <California  Fish 

and  Game,  Vol.  XI,  No.  2,  April,  1925,  pp.  78-79. 


532  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Peoc.  4th  Seb. 

5.  The  Steller  Sea  Lion  Rookery  on  Ano  Nuevo  Island,  California, 

in  1924.  (Joint  author  with  G.  Dallas  Hanna).  < Journal  of 
Mammalogy,  Vol.  VI,  No.  2,  May,  1925,  pp.  96-99,  pis.  8-10. 

6.  John  Van  Denburgh.  1872-1924.     <  Science,  N.  S.,  Vol.  LXI,  No. 

1585,  May  15,  1925,  pp.  508-510. 

7.  Museum  of  the  California  Academy  of   Sciences.     < Municipal 

Record,  San  Francisco,  Vol.  XVIII,  No.  33,  p.  268,  August  13, 
1925. 

8.  Steinhart  Aquarium    (of  the  California  Academy  of   Sciences). 

<Municipal  Record,  San  Francisco,  Vol.  XVIII,  No.  33,  p. 
276,  1  plate,  August  13,  1925. 

9.  Earthquake  Studies.     <The  Commonwealth,  Vol.  I,  No.  17,  pp. 

205-206,  September  1,  1925. 

10.  Natural  Fisheries  Resources  of  the  Sea  (chiefly  of  the  Pacific) 

whose  Conservation  will  require  International  Cooperation. 
<Fur  Industry  Year  Book  1925,  pp.  62-66. 

11.  The  Marine  Mammals  of  the  Pacific.     <The  Columbia  Port  Di- 

gest, November,  1925,  pp.  5-6. 

12.  A  Check  List  of  the  Fishes  of  Hawaii  (Junior  author  with  David 

Starr  Jordan).  < Journal  of  the  Pacific  Research  Institution, 
Vol.  I,  No.  1,  January  (December  31,  1925),  1926,  pp.  2-15. 

13.  The  Steinhart  Aquarium.     <The  Amateur  Aquarist,  Vol.  I,  No. 

10,  winter  1925-26,  pp.  113,  120  and  121, 

Hanna,  G.  Dallas 

1.  Succitiea  avara  Say,  from  the  Pleistocene  Tar  Pits  of  California. 

<  Nautilus,  Vol.  XXXVII,  No.  3,  p.  106,  January-,  1924. 

2.  Review  of,  "The  Mollusca  of  the  Southwestern  States,  XI."     By 

Henry  A.  Pilsbry  &  James  H.  Ferriss.  <Proc.  Acad.  Nat. 
Sci.  Phila.,  Vol.  LXXV,  pp.  47-103,  1923.  <Nautilus,  Vol. 
XXXVII,  No.  3,  p.  107,  January,  1924. 

3.  Sperm  Whales  at  St.  George  Island,  Bering  Sea.     <Journal  of 

Mammalogy,  Vol.  V,  No.  1,  p,  64,  February  9,  1924, 

4.  Temperature  Records  of  Alaska  Fur  Seals.     <Journal  of  Physi-" 

ology,  Vol.  LXVIII,  No.  1,  pp.  52-53,  March,  1924. 

5.  Rectifications   of   Nomenclature.     <Proc.   Calif.   Acad.   Sci.,   4th 

Ser.,  Vol.  XIII,  No.  10,  pp.  151-186,  March  18,  1924. 

6.  Freshwater  Mollusks  of  Eagle  Lake,  California.     <Proc.  Calif. 

Acad.  Sci.,  4th  Sen,  Vol.  XIII,  No.  7,  pp.  131-136,  1  pi.,  March 
18,  1924. 

7.  Description  of  a  New  Genus  and  Species  of  Freshwater  Gastro- 

pod Mollusk  (Scales  petrolia)  from  the  Etchegoin  Pliocene  of 
California.  By  G.  D.  Hanna  &  E.  G.  Gaylord.  <Proc.  Calif. 
Acad.  Sci.,  4th  Ser.,  Vol.  XIII,  No.  9,  pp.  147-149,  1  fig.,  March 
18,  1924. 

8.  Smaller    Foraminifera    for    Stratigraphy.      <Bull.    Am.    Assn. 

Petrol.  Geok)gists,  Vol.  VIII,  No.  2,  pp.  246-250,  March-April, 
1924. 


Vol.  XIV]  EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  19^5  533 

9.  A  New  Species  of  Whale  from  the  Type  Locality  of  the  Mon- 
terey Group.  By  G.  Dallas  Hanna  &  Mary  E.  McLellan. 
<Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  4th  Ser.,  Vol.  XIII,  No.  14,  pp.  237- 
241,  pis.  5-9,  June  14,  1924. 

10.  Insects    in    the    California    Tar    Traps.      < Science    (n.s.),    Vol. 

LIX,  No.  1538,  p.  553,  June  20,  1924. 

11.  Resignation  of  A.  H.  Proctor.     (Unsigned.)     <U.  S.  Dept.  Com- 

merce, Fisheries  Service  Bulletin,  No.  Ill,  August  1,  1924. 

11a.  Annual  Report,  Department  of  Invertebrate  Paleontology  for 
1923.  <Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  4th  Ser.,  Vol.  XII,  No.  33,  pp. 
1264-1265,  October  10,  1924. 

12.  Review  of   "Indications   of   a   Gigantic   Amphibian   in   the   Coal 

Measures  of  Kansas."  By  H.  T.  Martin.  <Univ.  Kans.  Sci. 
Bull.,  Vol.  XIII,  No.  12,  pp.  103-114,  3  pis.,  July,  1922.  <Pan- 
American  Geologist,  Vol.  XLII,  No.  5,  p.  235,  October,  1924. 

13.  Foraminifera  from  the  Eocene  of  Cowlitz  River,  Western  Wash- 

ington. By  G.  Dallas  Hanna  &  Marcus  A.  Hanna.  <Univ. 
Wash.  Publ.  Geol.,  Vol.  I,  No.  4,  pp.  57-64,  pi.  XIII,  October, 
1924. 

14.  A  Little  about  Diatoms.     By  G.  Dallas  Hcuma  with  photographs 

by  W.  M.  Grant.  <The  Record  (Associated  Oil  Company 
Publication),  San  Francisco,  Vol.  V,  No.  9,  pp.  6-8,  10  photo- 
graphs, September,  1924. 

15.  The  same,  reprinted.     <CaHfornia  Engineer  (University  of  Cali- 

fornia), Vol.  Ill,  No.  4,  pp.  107-108,  8  photographs,  December, 
1924. 

16.  Miocene     Marine     Vertebrates     in     Kern     County,     California. 

<Science  (n.s.).  Vol.  LXI,  No.  1568,  pp.  71-72,  January  16,  1925. 

17.  The  Study  of  Subsurface  Formations  in  California  Oilfield  De- 

velopment. By  G.  Dallas  Hanna  &  H.  L.  Driver.  <10th  Ann. 
Rept.  Calif.  St.  Min.  Bur.,  Oil  &  Gas  Supervisor,  Vol.  X,  No.  3 
(Monthly  Chapt.  Sept.  1924),  pp.  5-26,  10  figs,  in  text  (Issued 
March  10,  1925). 

18.  Fauna  and   Stratigraphic  Relations  of  the  Tejon  Eocene  at  the 

Type  Locality  in  Kern  County,  California.  By  Frank  M. 
Anderson  &  G.  Dallas  Hanna.  <Occ.  Pprs.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci., 
Vol.  XI,  pp.  1-249.  16  pis.,  March  18,  1925. 

19.  Discussion  of  "Diatom  Theory  of  Origin  of  Petroleum  in  CTali- 

fornia."  By  Jun-ichi  Takahashi,  Sendai,  Japan.  Read  May 
3,  1924,  at  Stanford  Univ.  Calif,  before  meeting  of  Cordilleran 
Section  of  Geological  Society  of  America.  <Bull.  Geol.  Soc. 
Am.,  Vol.  XXXVI,  No.  1,  p.  207,  March,  1925. 

20.  The  Academy  of  Sciences  expedition  to  the  Revillagigedo  Islands. 

<Science  (n.s.),  Vol.  LXI,  No.  1579,  pp.  359-360,  April  3,  1925. 
Published  in  Oakland  Tribune,  S.  F.  Examiner,  Qironicle, 
Bulletin  and  Call. 


534  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

21.  Naturalists    to    Explore    Strange    Islands    off    Mexico.      <San 

Francisco  Examiner,  Svinday,  April  12,  1925,  p.  K  7,  four  photo- 
graphs. 

22.  Lymnaa  auricularia   (Linn.)  in  California.     By  G.  Dallas  Hanna 

&  H.  Walton  Clark.  <Nautilus  Vol.  XXXVIII,  No.  4,  pp. 
125-126,  April,  1925. 

23.  Some  Land  Shells  from  the  Aleutian  Islands,  Alaska.    < Nautilus 

Vol.  XXXVIII,  No.  4,  pp.  122-125,  April,  1925. 

24.  Correlation  of   the   Organic   Shales   of   the   San  Joaquin   Valley, 

California.  By  E.  G.  Gaylord  &  G.  D.  Hanna.  <Bull.  Am. 
Assn.  Petrol.  Geol.,  Vol.  IX,  No.  2,  pp.  228-234,  pis.  4-5,  March- 
April,  1925. 

25.  (Annual  Report,  Department  of  Paleontology  for  1924.)     <Proc. 

Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  Vol.  XIII,  No.  28,  pp.  476-478,  May  29,  1925. 

26.  The  Steller  Sea  Lion  Rookery  on  Ano  Nuevo  Island,  California, 

in  1924.  By  Barton  Warren  Evermann  &  G.  Dallas  Hanna. 
<Journ.  Mammalogj'.  Vol.  VI,  No.  2.  pp.  96-99,  pis.  8-10,  Alay, 
1925. 

27.  Scientists  return  with  Rarities  from  Islands  off  Mexico.     <The 

San   Francisco   Examiner,    Sunday,  June  28,    1925. 

28.  Contribution  to  the  Paleontology  of  Peru.     By  G.  Dallas  Hanna 

&  Merle  C.  Israelsky.  <Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  4th  Ser.,  Vol. 
XIV,  No.  2,  pp.  37-75,  pis.  7,  8,  July  21,  1925. 

29.  Zalophancylus,  a  Fish  Vertebra,  not  a  Mollusk.     < Nautilus,  Vol. 

XXXIX,  No.  1,  p.  18,  July,  1925. 

30.  Photograph    of    Fur    Seal    Census    Taker    on    Pribilof    Islands. 

<  Popular  Mechanics  Magazine,  Vol.  XLIV,  No.  1,  p.  87,  July, 
1925. 

31.  The  Extraction  of  Fossils  from  Refractory  Rocks.     <Journal  of 

Geol.,  Vol.  XXXIII,  No.  5,  pp.  555-557,  July-August,  1925. 

32.  The  Age  and  Correlation  of  the  Kreyenhagen  Shale  in  California. 

<Bull.  Amer.  Assn.  Petrol  Geolog.,  Vol.  IX,  No.  6,  pp.  990- 
999,  September,  1925.  Read  before  September,  1924,  Meeting 
of  Pacific  Section  of  Amer.  Assn.  Pet.  Geol.  at  Los  Angeles. 

33.  Additional  records  for  Lytnncea  auricularia.    By  G.  Dallas  Hanna 

&  H.  Walton  Clark.  < Nautilus,  Vol.  XXXIX,  No.  2,  p.  71, 
October,  1925. 

34.  Was  there  a  Pacific  Continent?     <Science  (n.s.).  Vol.  LXII,  No. 

1613,  pp.  491-492,  November  27,  1925. 

Hertlein,  Leo  G. 

1.  Pectens  from  the  Tertiary  of  Lower  California.     <Proc.  Calif. 

Acad.  Sci..  4th  Ser.,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  1,  pp.  1-35,  July  21,  1925. 

2.  New   Species  of    Marine   Fossil    Mollusca   from   Western   North 

America.  < Bulletin  Southern  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  Vol.  24,  Pt.  2, 
pp.  39-46,  1925. 


Vol.  XIV]  El'ERMAN\'— DIRECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  ryis  535 

3.  A  Summary  of  the  Nomenclature  and  Stratigraphy  of  the  Marine 
Tertiary  of  Oregon  and  Washington  (with  Colin  H.  Crickmay). 
<Proc.  Amer.  Phil.  See,  Vol.  LXIV,  No.  2,  pp.  224-282.  1925. 

Jordan,  Eric  Knight 

1.  Notes  on  the  Fishes  of  Hawaii  with  descriptions  of  six  new 
species.  <Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus..  Vol.  LXVI,  1925,  Art.  33, 
pp.  1-43,  pis.  1-2. 

Mailliard,  Joseph 

1.  Census   of  Birds'   Nests   in   the   Music   Concourse,   Golden   Gate 

Park,   San  Francisco,  California,   for  1924.     <The  Gull,   Vol. 
VII,  No.  2,  February,  1925. 

2.  Some  New  Rodent  Records  for  Northeastern  California.    <Jour- 

nal  of  Mammalog>',  Vol.  VI,  No.  1,  pp.  57-58,  February  9,  1925. 

3.  Notes  upon  the  Numerical  Status  of  Rodent  Populations  in  Parts 

of  California.     <Journal  of  Mammalogy,  Vol.  VI,  No.  2,  pp. 
102-105,  May  12,  1925. 

4.  Annual  Report  of  the  Department  of  Exhibits  for  1924.     <Proc. 

Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  4th  Ser.,  Vol.  XIII,  Nos.  27-28,  pp.  472-473, 
May  29,  1925. 

5.  Annual   Report,    Department  of    Mammalogy   for   1924.      <Proc. 

Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  4th  Sen,  Vol.  XIII,  Nos.  27-28,  p.  475,  May 
29,  1925. 

6.  Annual   Report,   Department  of   Ornithology   for   1924.     <Proc. 

Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  4th  Ser.,  Vol.  XIII,  Nos.  27-28,  pp.  475-476, 
May  29,  1925. 

Slevin,  Joseph  R. 

1.  Contributions    to    Oriental    Herpetology,    II.      Korea   or    Qiosen. 

<Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  4th  Ser.,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  5,  pp.  89-100, 
July  23,  1925. 

2.  Contributions   to    Oriental   Herpetology,    III.     Russian   Asia   and 

Manchuria.     <Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  4th  Ser.,  Vol.  XIV,  No. 
6,  pp.  101-103,  July  23,  1925. 

3.  Annual   Report,   Department   of   Herpetology'   for  the  year   1924. 

<Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  Vol.  XIII,  No.  28,  p.  473,  May  29, 
1925. 

Van  Duzee,  Edward  P. 

1.  Notes  on  a  Few  Hemiptera  from  the  San  Bernardino  Mountains, 

California.      < Bulletin    Brooklyn    Entomological   Society,   Vol. 
XX,  pp.  89-90,  April,  1925. 

2.  -A.    Third    Record    for    Emphoropsis    depressa    Fowler     [Note]. 

<  Pan-Pacific  Entomologist,  Vol.  I,  p.  155,  May,  1925. 

3.  Annual   Report,   Department   of   Entomology  for   1924.     <Proc. 

Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  Ser.  4,  Vol.  XIII,  pp.  469-472,  May,  1925. 


536  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

4.  Report  on  the  Library  for  1924.     <Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  Vol. 

XIII,  p.  474,  May,  1925. 

5.  [Note  on]  Luceria  tranquilla  Grote.     <Pan-Pacific  Entomologist, 

Vol.  I,  p.  185,  May,  1925. 

6.  A  new  Mirid  from  Arizona.  <Pan-Pacific  Entomologist,  Vol.  II, 

p.  35,  August,  1925. 

7.  [Note  on]    The  Van   Duzee   Gjllection   of   Hemiptera.      <Pan-' 

Pacific  Entomologist,  Vol.  II,  p.  15,  August,  1925. 

8.  New  Hemiptera  from  Western  North  America.     <Proc.  Calif. 

Acad.  Sci.,  Ser.  4,  Vol.  XIV,  pp.  391-425,  September,  1925. 


Department  Reports 
Department  of  Botany 

A  total  of  138,432  sheets  of  mounted  herbarium  specimens  are  now 
numbered  and  stamped.  Of  the  299  families  of  plants,  according  to  the 
latest  system  of  classification,  all  but  15  are  represented  in  the  herbarium. 
Ten  of  these  consist  of  a  single  genus  and  have  been  removed  from  larger 
and  well  known  families ;  the  remaining  five  belong  in  the  tropics  and 
have  few  genera. 

Several  important  collections  by  exchange  and  purchase  which  have 
added  many  rare  species  and  genera  to  the  herbarium  have  been  acquired ; 
428  in  exchange,  chiefly  North  American  from  the  National  Herbarium, 
Washington,  D.  C. ;  622  of  the  J.  F.  Duthie  collection  from  the  Himalaya 
Mountains,  and  285  of  the  A.  Stolz  collection  from  Lake  Nyassa,  Africa, 
by  exchange  from  the  Royal  Herbarium,  Kew,  England ;  375  Chilian 
plants  purchased  from  the  collector.  Dr.  E.  Werderman,  an  authority  on 
Chilian  plants;  185  Chinese  plants,  a  continuation  of  the  McClure  Hainan 
Island  collection,  purchased  from  Canton  Christian  College,  China;  and 
627  from  Hood  River  region,  Oregon,  purchased  from  the  collector, 
L.  F.  Henderson  of  the  University  of  Oregon. 

The  curator  made  several  short  trips  to  various  parts  of  northern 
California  in  the  spring  and  collected  as  follows :  64  species  on  a  one- 
day  trip  over  Mount  Hamilton  from  San  Jose  to  Livermore;  11  species 
from  an  early  trip  to  lone,  Amador  County;  148  species  from  a  short 
trip  to  Madera  and  Raymond,  Madera  County;  149  species  from  Potter 
Valley,  Mendocino  County ;  and  214  from  the  foot  of  Mount  Sanhedrin, 
Lake  County.  On  a  trip  to  Portland,  Oregon,  to  attend  the  meeting  of 
the  Pacific  Division  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science,  collections  were  made  in  Oregon,  Washington  and  Idaho.  At 
Portland,  11  species  were  collected,  25  on  the  Columbia  Highway,  48  at 
Wind  River  Forestry  Station,  291  at  Pullman  and  vicinity,  and  63  at 
mouth  of  the  Salmon  River. 

Besides  a  number  of  contributors  whose  names  will  appear  in  the  gen- 
eral list  and  whose  contributions  consisted  of  one  or  two  specimens  sent 
usually   for  identification,   the   following  made   valuable   contributions   to 


Vol.  XIV]  EVERMANN—DIRECTOF'S  REPORT  FOR  i9^5  537 

the  herbarium:  W.  J.  Classen,  Cold  Bay,  Alaska,  27;  George  Haley, 
from  Unalaska,  Unimak  and  St.  Paul  Island,  Alaska,  135;  William  Vo- 
triede,  83,  Eldorado  County ;  Mrs.  G.  Earle  Kelley,  29,  from  Round  Valley, 
Mendocino  County;  A.  F.  Graff,  17,  Cazadero,  Sonoma  County;  W.  P. 
Steinbeck,  15,  Calaveras  County;  Mrs.  Joseph  Clemens,  23,  from  Texas; 
Cecil  Hart,  23  desert  plants,  Southern  California;  Mrs.  E.  C.  Sutliffe, 
20,  Marin  County;  Mrs.  J.  C.  Augsbury,  17,  Yosemite  region;  Mary  E. 
Webb,  26,  Santa  Barbara;  Mrs.  E.  C.  Wright,  71,  Mono  Lake  region; 
Mrs.  Ilsien  Nathalie  Gaylord,  26  mosses  from  the  eastern  United  States; 
F,  V.  Coville,  17  specimens  of  Ribes  from  California;  Eric  Walther,  115 
specimens  of  cultivated  plants. 

The  collections  from  the  islands  off  the  coast  of  Mexico  made  on  the 
California  Academy  expedition  in  the  spring  have  not  yet  been  named  or 
listed,  but  will  undoubtedly  add  many  new  species  to  the  collection  as 
well  as  duplicates  for  exchange. 

In  continuation  of  exchange,  duplicates  from  our  herbarium  have  been 
sent  to  the  following  institutions:  Arnold  Arboretum,  Jamaica  Plain, 
Mass.,  210;  Gray  Herbarium,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  47  Lower  California; 
Royal  Herbarium,  Kew,  England,  133  Galapagos  duplicates  and  155  mis- 
cellaneous specimens;  247  miscellaneous  specimens  to  Pomona  College, 
Claremont,  California. 

Besides  the  regular  herbarium  work  which  takes  a  great  deal  of  time 
in  a  rapidly  growing  herbarium,  much  time  has  been  given  to  the  identi- 
fication of  exotics,  as  the  Academy  is  now  regarded  as  the  California 
authority,  our  collection  of  the  exotics  cultivated  in  California  being  the 
most  complete. 

Popular  addresses  have  been  given  on  botanical  subjects,  conservation 
of  the  wild  flowers,  and  the  history  and  botanical  features  of  Golden  Gate 
Park,  to  schools,  Parent-Teachers  Associations,  floral  societies,  federation 
of  women's  clubs  and  individual  clubs,  Alpine,  Sierra,  and  Tamalpais 
Conservation  Club,  and  Girl  Scouts.  Two  lectures  have  been  given  for 
the  Academy  and  one  at  the  Portland  meeting. 

The  Botanical  Club  holds  weekly  meetings  or  excursions  and  has  now 
about  75  members.  A  class  of  Park  gardeners  meets  in  the  herbarium 
two  evenings  a  month.  This  is  to  enable  the  ambitious  men  to  learn  the 
names  and  relationships  of  the  species  in  the  park.  The  exhibition  of 
cultivated  and  native  flowers  in  bloom  out  of  doors  is  one  of  the  popular 
features  of  the  museum  and  is  consulted  by  many  people  throughout  the 
year.  Hundreds  of  species  are  exhibited  during  the  year,  each  labelled 
with  scientific  and  common  name  and  native  home.  Mrs.  Johanna  Wilkens 
keeps  it  clean  and  in  order,  and,  without  her  careful  attention,  it  would 
not  be  possible  to  have  it  always  looking  nice.  My  assistant,  Mrs.  George 
H.  Phelps,  does  all  the  mounting  of  the  rapidly  increasing  collection,  be- 
sides many  other  duties  such  as  putting  the  additions  into  their  proper 
places  in  the  herbarium,  looking  after  the  specimens  being  dried,  writing 
labels  of  duplicates,   besides  other  duties   that  do   not  require  botanical 

knowledge. 

Alice  Eastwood,  Curator. 

April  28,   1926 


538  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Department  of  Entomology 

Nineteen  twenty-five  was  another  year  of  active  advance  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  Entomolog>'.  Two  large  collections  were  added  to  the  Academy 
resources;  specimens  received  from  other  sources  number  more  than  the 
average;  the  mounting  and  labelling  of  accumulated  material  made  avail- 
able for  study  much  which  before  had  potential  value  only,  and  the  addi- 
tion of  new  cases  permitted  the  rearranging  of  the  collections  to  be  ad- 
vanced rapidly. 

Additions  to  the  department  collection  during  1925,  received  through 
the  ordinary  activities  of  the  department,  numbered  27,301  specimens.  In 
addition,  two  large  collections  were  formally  presented  to  the  Academy 
which  merit  special  mention.  On  August  22,  Dr.  F.  E.  Blaisdell  presented 
to  the  Academy  his  entire  collection  of  Coleoptera,  numbering  at  least 
100,000  specimens.  These  were  given  under  the  same  conditions  as  was 
the  Van  Dyke  collection  presented  last  year,  conditions  that  allow  the 
donor  the  free  use  and  control  of  the  material  during  his  life  time,  assures 
its  permanent  preservation,  and,  with  the  Van  Dyke  collection,  places  in 
the  possession  of  the  Academy  a  remarkably  complete  series  of  the  beetles 
of  North  America,  which,  in  the  case  of  the  western  species,  are  repre- 
sented by  exceptionally  large  and  valuable  series  showing  geographical 
and  ecological  variation.  The  other  collection  mentioned  is  the  curator's 
private  collection  of  Hemiptera  numbering  perhaps  30,000  specimens.  This 
collection,  accumulated  through  more  than  30  years  of  systematic  work 
on  that  order  of  insects,  represents  a  very  large  proportion  of  the  species 
known  from  America  north  of  Mexico  up  to  10  years  ago,  and,  added  to 
the  extensive  collection  of  western  Hemiptera  already  in  the  Academy 
collection,  forms  a  representation  in  that  order  of  insects  perhaps  unsur- 
passed so  far  as  our  North  American  fauna  is  concerned. 

Of  the  ordinary  accessions  of  the  year  the  largest  item  is  the  material 
taken  by  the  curator's  assistant,  Mr.  H.  H.  Keifer,  on  the  Academy's  ex- 
pedition to  the  Revillagigedo  Islands,  numbering  10,753  specimens.  The 
work  of  determining  this  material  has  only  just  begun,  but  undoubtedly 
many  new  and  rare  species  will  be  found  in  it.  Other  notable  additions 
during  the  year  were :  from  Mr.  A.  J.  Bassenger,  2210  specimens  includ- 
ing a  large  and  interesting  series  of  Diptera  from  Alaska;  from  Mr. 
C.  L.  Fox,  3,114  specimens  consisting  of  Diptera  and  Coleoptera  from 
eastern  Washington  and  western  Idaho  and  a  valuable  series  of  Hymenop- 
tera  from  Arizona;  from  Dr.  E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  1954  insects  of  orders  other 
than  Q)leoptera  from  Oregon  and  eastern  Washington  and  other  locali- 
ties;  from  Mr.  J.  C.  Huguenin,  1870  miscellaneous  insects;  from  Mr. 
Walter  M.  Giffard,  320  leaf-cutting  bees  from  about  Lake  Tahoe,  Cali- 
fornia; from  Mr.  E.  A.  Dodge,  a  collection  of  478  tiger  beetles  made 
many  years  ago  by  his  brother,  Mr.  G.  M.  Dodge,  and  including  many 
rare  species,  also  from  Mr.  Dodge  a  collection  of  211  moths  from  Exeter, 


Vol.  XIV]  EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  ms  539 

California,  secured  by  his  son,  the  late  Ralph  M.  Dodge;  from  John  E. 
Carey,  905  Lepidoptera  from  Panama  including  many  rare  and  beautiful 
forms.  Other  valuable  donations  to  the  department  collection  were  made 
by  Mr.  Louis  Slevin,  Mr.  E.  R.  Leach,  Mr.  J.  O.  Martin,  Mr.  Geo.  Haley, 
Dr.  J.  A.  Comstock,  Mr.  David  M.  McKell,  Mr.  B.  H.  Murray,  Mr.  Eric 
Walther,  Mr.  Joseph  Mailliard,  Mrs.  H.  J.  Smith,  Mr.  Frank  Mason,  Mr. 
J.  G.  Grundell,  and  others.  In  addition  to  these  donations  3800  insects 
were  secured  by  the  curator  and  his  assistant  in  field  work  in  the  Bay 
region. 

On  January  first,  Mr.  Hartford  H.  Keifer  was  added  to  the  department 
staff  as  full-time  assistant,  and,  through  his  continued  and  faithful  efforts, 
much  has  been  done  toward  mounting  and  labelling  accumulated  material. 
Mr.  J.  O.  Martin  completed  the  installation  of  the  Holbrook  collection  of 
butterflies,  which  now  is  well  displayed  on  specially  constructed  multiplex 
frames  in  the  bird  hall.  Following  the  completion  of  the  Holbrook  col- 
lection, he  has  been  working  part  time  on  the  incorporation  of  the  Van 
Dyke  collection  into  that  of  the  Academy  in  the  new  unit  boxes  recently 
adopted  in  this  department.  Over  26,000  specimens  from  the  Van  Dyke 
collection  have  been  so  arranged  and  the  work  is  being  pushed  as  rapidly 
as  possible.  The  balance  of  the  material  taken  on  the  Arizona  expedition 
of  1924  has  been  mounted  and,  with  the  Holbrook  collection,  brings  the 
total  additions  to  this  department  for  1924  up  to  30,700  specimens. 

The  Academy  is  under  renewed  obligations  to  Messrs.  Barnes  and 
Benjamin  for  the  determination  of  moths  in  its  collection.  Through  this 
assistance  most  of  the  moths,  exclusive  of  the  micros,  are  now  determined 
and  the  arranging  of  the  collection  will  be  pushed  as  rapidly  as  boxes  be- 
come available.  Prof.  P.  A.  Qaassen  of  Cornell  University  has  deter- 
mined the  stone-flies  in  the  collection  and  these  are  now  available  for 
study.  Dr.  E.  C.  Van  Dyke  has  devoted  much  time  and  effort  during  the 
year  to  checking  over  the  Academy  collection  of  beetles  as  fast  as  they 
are  arranged  in  the  unit  boxes.  So  far,  the  families  Cerambycidae, 
Buprestidse,  Scarabiidse,  Cicindelidse  and  the  Cychriini  have  been  gone 
over  by  him  and  are  now  available  for  the  use  of  students  of  these  inter- 
esting insects. 

The  Pan-Pacific  Entomologist,  initiated  in  1924,  has  reached  the  middle 
of  the  second  volume.  This  effort  to  give  the  West  a  place  in  the  en-i 
tomological  literature  of  the  country  is  meeting  with  much  encourage- 
ment. While  it  is  not  yet  self-sustaining,  that  goal  does  not  seem  as 
distant  as  it  did,  and  with  moderate  assistance  for  a  few  years  it  should 
attain  independence  and  show  growth  both  in  size  and  quality. 

The  growth  of  the  Department  of  Entomology  during  recent  years  has 
been  most  encouraging  and,  with  continued  support,  the  Academy  of 
Sciences  will  have  a  collection  of  insects  that  will  rank  among  the  largest 
and  most  valuable  in  the  country. 

Edward  P.  Van  Duzee,  Curator. 


540  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Department  of  Exhibits 

So  much  of  the  time  of  the  personnel  of  this  department  has  been  di- 
verted to  other  matters  that  there  is  less  to  report  as  accomplished  in  the 
field  of  exhibits  than  has  been  the  case  in  previous  years;  but,  in  spite 
of  interruptions,  Mr.  Frank  Tose,  chief  taxidermist  and  group  artist  of 
the  Museum,  has  arranged  and  installed  four  more  panel  groups  in  the 
Bird  and  Mammal  halls,  all  of  which  have  attracted  much  favorable 
comment.  The  four  groups  are :  California  Woodpecker,  Lazuli  Bunting, 
Point  Reyes  Mountain  Beaver,  and  Warner  Mountain  Cony.  The  Cali- 
fornia Woodpecker  Group  is  especially  interesting  in  that  it  shows  the 
combination  of  a  nesting  hole  and  a  tree  that  is  thickly  inset  with  acorns, 
well  exemplifying  the  characteristic  storage  habit  of  this  bird.  The  Moun- 
tain Beaver  and  the  Cony  groups  exhibit  two  species  of  small  mammals 
so  rarely  seen  by  the  public  that  the  majority  of  people  do  not  even 
know  of  their  existence. 

The  rearranging  of  the  Grizzly  Bear  Group,  which  was  commenced  late 
in  the  fall  of  1924,  extended  well  into  January,  1925.  In  the  early  spring 
a  number  of  birds  were  collected  and  mounted  in  preparation  for  that 
time  when  the  proposed  seasonal  groups  of  the  birds  of  Golden  Gate  Park 
become  realities.  In  between  times  some  fine  work  was  done  on  wax 
reproductions  of  beautiful  Colorado  Desert  cacti,  to  be  installed  in  the 
present  desert  group  to  make  it  even  more  attractive. 

A  matter  that  occupied  several  weeks  of  departmental  time  was  the 
construction  and  the  placing  in  position  for  future  use  of  cases  for  panel 
groups  in  all  available  spaces  in  order  to  save  the  time  and  labor  involved 
by  the  old  method  of  setting  in  position  cases  for  each  group  as  needed. 
The  backs  of  these  newly  installed  cases  and  the  backs  of  all  those  al- 
ready arranged  with  groups  have  have  been  so  treated  as  to  make  them 
harmonize  with  the  backgrounds  and  accessories  of  the  large  habitat 
groups  into  which  they  project.  The  camouflaging  of  these  projecting 
backs  has  greatly  improved  the  appearance  of  the  large  groups  and  added 
to  their  charm. 

Mr.  Tose  was  detailed,  with  Mr.  J.  T.  Wright  as  assistant,  to  represent 
the  departments  of  Ornithology  and  Mammalogy  on  the  expedition  that 
started  about  the  middle  of  April  to  the  Revillagigedo  and  Tres  Marias 
islands  and  returned  toward  the  end  of  June.  The  preparation  of  equip- 
ment before  starting  and  the  finishing  up  of  the  temporarily  prepared  and 
cold  storage  specimens  obtained  on  this  expedition,  with  the  voyage  itself, 
occupied  these  members  of  the  department  from  the  first  of  April  until 
well  into  July. 

Later  in  the  year,  practically  a  month  was  occupied  by  Mr.  Tose  in 
making  from  a  cast  a  life-sized  model  of  a  great  Leatherback  Turtle  for 
the  Department  of  Herpetology. 


Vol.  XIV]  EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  1925  541 

While  the  demand  for  portable  school  groups  does  not  seem  to  have 
lessened,  there  has  been  no  time  available,  with  the  present  force,  for  the 
construction  of  new  ones,  and  the  only  work  carried  on  in  this  line  has 
been  the  reconstruction  of  some  that  had  been  damaged  by  accidents.  The 
portable  school  groups  now  in  use  consist  of  one  each  of  the  following: 
Sandpipers  and  marsh  birds,  California  Woodpecker,  Gila  Woodpecker, 
Barn  Owl,  Western  Meadowlark,  California  Shrike,  San  Francisco 
Towhee,  Western  Robin,  Sierra  Golden-mantled  Ground  Squirrel,  Cali- 
fornia Ground  Squirrel,  Sierra  Chickaree,  Redwood  Weasel,  and  Spiny 
Pocket  Mouse. 

Student  assistants  in  this  department  have  been  as  follows :  James  F. 
Campbell,  for  the  greater  part  of  the  year;  Miss  A.  M,  Hill,  short  course 
in  accessory  work;  J.  T.  Wright,  first  half  of  year;  Russel  Hendricks  and 
Cecil  Tose,  part  time;  and  several  school  boys  at  various  periods. 

Joseph  Mailliard,  Curator. 


Department  of  Fishes 

This  Department  was  established  August  29,  1925,  at  which  time  Mr. 
H.  Walton  Qark  was  made  assistant  curator.  Mr.  Clark  had  been  a 
scientific  assistant  in  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Fisheries  for  many 
years,  during  wliich  he  was  chiefly  engaged  in  biological  investigations 
relating  to  fishes  and  the  fisheries  and  in  studies  of  the  geographic  dis-^ 
tribution  of  fishes.  When  the  Steinhart  Aquarium  was  established  in 
1923  Mr.  Clark  was  made  chief  collector,  which  position  he  held  until 
transferred  to  his  present  position. 

The  establishment  of  a  department  of  fishes  seemed  necessary  in  order 
that  proper  attention  might  be  given  to  systematic  and  life-history  studies 
of  the  fishes  of  California  and  elsewhere  in  connection  with  the  Aquarium 
and  the  Museum.  Considerable  collections  of  fishes  have  already  been 
acquired,  the  principal  regions  represented  being  California,  the  Hawaiian 
Islands,  China,  and  the  Revillagigedo  and  Tres  Marias  islands  oflf  the 
Pacific  coast  of  Mexico.  These  will  all  be  studied,  carefully  identified 
and  put  in  order  as  rapidly  as  possible. 

It  is  the  intention  to  install  in  the  Aquarium  laboratories  a  carefully 
identified  reference  series  of  specimens  in  alcohol  of  all  the  species  of 
fishes  of  California,  both  fresh  and  salt  water,  and,  as  time  and  oppor- 
tunity permit,  similar  series  of  the  species  found  in  the  other  Pacific  coast 
states.  Teachers,  anglers  and  others  often  come  to  the  Aquarium  or  the 
Museum  and  make  inquiry  about  some  fish  they  have  seen  but  which  they 
do  not  find  in  the  Aquarium.  It  is  hoped  that  when  our  reference  series 
has  been  established,  we  shall  be  able  to  show  to  such  inquirers  a  speci- 
men of  any  species  of  fish  about  which  they  ask. 

During  the  year  Mr.  Clark  has  devoted  most  of  his  time  assisting  Dr. 
Jordan  and  the  Curator  with  the  preparation  of  a  revised  check-list  of 


542  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

the  fishes  of  North  and  Middle  America,  upon  which  they  have  been  en- 
gaged for  several  years.  He  and  the  Curator  also  have  in  preparation  a 
distributional  check-list  of  the  freshwater  fishes  of  California  which  they 
hope  to  complete  in  the  near  future.  They  arc  also  engaged  in  preparing 
a  report  on  the  fishes  of  the  Ortolan  expedition  of  1925  to  the  Revillagi- 
gedo,  Tres  Marias,  and  other  islands  off  the  Pacific  Coast  of  Mexico. 

Barton  Warren  Evermann,  Curator. 


Department  of  Herpetology 

At  the  beginning  of  the  year  1925  the  Academy's  collection  of  reptiles 
and  amphibians  numbered  56,033  specimens.  There  have  been  added  dur- 
ing the  year  3,253  specimens,  so  that  the  collection  has  grown  to  59,286 
specimens. 

Gifts  of  specimens  during  the  year  have  been  received  as  follows : 
From  Steinhart  Aquarium,  3  specimens ;  J.  Labarthe,  1 ;  Prof.  W.  B. 
Herms,  Z7 ;  Fred.  Howarth,  11;  Dr.  E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  15;  H.  W.  Qark,  1; 
E.  W.  Williman,  3 ;  Melbourne  Ward,  5 ;  L.  M.  Klauber,  145 ;  and  Miss 
M.  E.  McLellan,  8. 

Specimens  have  been  secured  from  5  counties  of  California  as  follows : 
Imperial,  4;  Plumas,  6;  San  Diego,  136;  San  Francisco,  1;  and  San 
Mateo,  3. 

Specimens  from  other  localities  are:  Nevada,  1;  New  York,  11;  Ore- 
gon, 1;  Virginia,  3;  Washington,  11;  Eastern  Asia,  14;  Africa,  14;  Aus- 
tralia, 5 ;  Fanning  Island,  2>7 ;  Alexico,  2997 ;  Ecuador,  1 ;  Peru,  6 ;  and 
Costa  Rica,  2. 

Work  has  been  begun,  and  considerable  progress  made,  on  an  account 
of  the  amphibians  of  the  western  portion  of  our  continent,  to  complete  the 
review  of  the  herpetology  begun  by  the  late  Dr.  Van  Denburgh. 

Mr.  Frank  Tose,  of  the  Department  of  Exhibits,  has  completed  the 
casting  of  the  large  leather-back  turtle  presented  to  the  Academy  by  the 
San  Francisco  International  Fish  Company. 

The  classification,  labeling,  cataloging,  and  arrangement  of  the  collection 
was  continued  during  the  year. 

Field  work  was  carried  on  in  Mexico.  The  expedition  to  the  Revillagi- 
gedo  Islands  resulted  in  a  collection  of  1,550  specimens,  and  the  continua- 
tion of  the  field  work  in  the  states  of  Oaxaca,  Vera  Cruz,  Tehauntepec, 
and  the  Federal  District  of  Mexico  in  1,438  specimens. 

The  thanks  of  the  department  are  due  Profs.  Herrera,  Solis,  and 
Contreras,  of  Mexico  City,  and  Mr.  Paul  Ruthling,  of  Cosolapa,  for  the 
many  courtesies  extended. 

Joseph  R.  Slevin,  Assistant  Curator. 


Vol.  XIV]  EVERM ANN— DIRECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  ii>i3  543 

Library 

During  the  year  1925  the  library  of  the  Academy  maintained  a  steady 
and  satisfactory  growth  in  all  departments  of  its  work.  The  accessions 
numbered  967  complete  volumes,  of  which  336  were  added  by  purchase, 
239  by  gift,  and  492  by  the  completion  of  volumes  through  material  re- 
ceived in  exchange.  In  addition  to  these  the  usual  number  of  serial 
publications  were  received  by  exchange.  Most  of  these  exchanges  were 
publications  of  scientific  societies  and  will  be  included  in  completed 
volumes  later.  A  number  of  valuable  donations  to  the  library  were  re- 
ceived during  the  year,  but  none  of  exceptional  extent,  although  among 
them  were  a  few  that  made  most  welcome  additions  to  the  library  re- 
sources of  the  Academy. 

Miss  Margaret  Dold  severed  her  connection  with  the  library  on  May 
25,  and  for  some  time  the  library  was  without  an  attendant.  On  Septem- 
ber first  Mr.  C  A.  Bellas  entered  upon  the  duties  of  assistant  in  the 
library  and,  by  faithful  work,  has  gotten  the  the  accumulated  material 
assorted  and  properly  shelved.  He  has  also  entered  on  the  accessions 
register  all  complete  volumes  received  and  has  classified  and  catalogued 
certain  books  requiring  such  attention.  He  has  also  done  much  toward 
bringing  up  to  date  certain  of  the  foreign  exchanges  that  had  gotten  be- 
hind during  the  war  conditions. 

Another  item  of  much  interest  in  the  library  work  was  the  binding  of 
1183  volumes.  For  a  number  of  years  no  binding  had  been  done,  so 
there  was  a  large  accumulation  of  unbound  material.  Such  unbound 
volumes  are  awkward  to  handle  and  are  subject  to  rapid  deterioration  in 
use,  so  the  binding  of  so  many  volumes  was  an  improvement  in  the  li- 
brary service  that  has  been  very  much  appreciated  by  the  library  staff. 
A  minor  convenience  to  all  users  of  the  library  was  the  construction  of  a 
small  case  near  a  window  for  shelving  the  Zoological  Record,  so  those 
most  indispensable  helps  can  now  be  referred  to  without  the  inconveni- 
ence of  stack  use. 

On  the  whole,  the  library  has  made  a  most  satisfactory  growth  in  its 
resources  and  in  its  use  both  by  the  staff  and  by  outside  members,  and 
the  outlook  for  the  coming  year  is  most  encouraging. 

Edward  P.  Van  Duzee,  Assistant  Librarian. 


Department  of  Mammalogy 

As  has  been  customary  for  the  past  few  years,  work  in  this  department 
has  been  carried  on  in  connection  with  that  of  the  Department  of  Orni- 
thology, and  there  has  been  but  little  attempted  that  was  particularly  dis-' 
tinctive. 

Limited  collections  of  the  smaller  mammals  have  been  made  by  the 
Curator  and  his  assistants  in  Modoc,  Siskiyou,  and  Placer  counties,  Cali- 
fornia, and  in  the  extreme  southern  part  of  Josephine  County,  Oregon ; 


544  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

by  Mr.  Frank  Tose,  of  the  Department  of  Exhibits,  and  his  assistant,  Mr. 
J.  T.  Wright,  at  various  points  visited  by  the  Revillagigedo  and  Tres 
Marias  Expedition ;  and  by  Miss  M.  E.  McLellan,  Assistant  Curator  of  the 
Department  of  Ornithology,  in  the  provinces  of  Sinaloa  and  Nayarit, 
Mexico. 

Through  the  courtesy  of  the  CaHfornia  Sea  Products  Company,  Dr. 
E.  T.  Engle,  who  had  placed  his  services  for  a  limited  period  at  the  dis- 
posal of  the  Academy,  obtained  at  the  Trinidad  Whaling  Station,  Hum- 
boldt County,  California,  some  valuable  osteological  specimens  of  Cetacea 
and  some  interesting  data,  for  this  department. 

The  principal  features  of  the  indoor  work  of  the  department  in  the 
past  year  have  been  the  construction  of  a  new  hide  room  and  the  installa- 
tion in  it  of  the  collection  of  hides  of  marine  mammals ;  the  transfer  of 
the  skins  of  the  smaller  mammals  from  the  large  hide  room  to  the  stand- 
ard metal  cases  in  the  mammal  room,  wherein  several  new  cases  have 
been  placed;  the  tanning  of  what  hides  were  still  awaiting  treatment  and 
the  rearrangement  of  the  osteological  collection. 

Accessions  to  this  department  have  been  as  follows :  By  exploration: 
127  specimens.  By  gift:  C.  W.  Bowman,  3;  California  State  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry,  1 ;  Mrs.  F.  Ellsworth,  1 ;  Russel  Hendricks,  1 ;  E.  R. 
Leach,  1 ;  A.  K.  Macomber,  1 ;  John  McLaren,  3 ;  W.  M.  Phillips,  1 ;  Stein- 
hart  Aquarium,  1;  Mrs.  Peter  Swartz,  1;  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  2;  J.  T. 
Wright,  4.    By  purchase:    2  speciments. 

Joseph  Mailliard,  Curator. 

Department  of  Ornithology 

Early  in  the  year  the  Mailliard  oological  and  ornithological  collections 
(with  the  exception  of  a  small  portion  temporarily  reserved,  consisting  of 
a  minimum  representation  of  all  species  of  birds  and  eggs  included  in 
it)  were  transferred  from  the  residence  of  Mr.  John  W.  Mailliard  to  the 
Museum  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  and  installed  there,  for 
the  time  being  as  separate  imits. 

This  addition  to  the  collections,  together  with  the  John  Van  Denburgh 
collection  of  eggs  (received  in  1924,  through  Mr.  Douglas  Van  Denburgh), 
which  has  been  properly  boxed  and  made  ready  for  incorporation  in  the 
collections,  and  the  increase  in  the  number  of  specimens  through  field 
work,  necessitating  the  installation  of  eleven  new  cases,  has  resulted  in 
the  filling  of  all  the  space  available  in  the  three  rooms  allotted  to  the  de- 
partment. Within  a  short  time,  provision  will  have  to  be  made  whereby 
the  department  may  have  additional  room  to  house  the  rapidly  growing 
collections. 

The  addition  of  the  new  cases  made  necessary  a  rearrangement  of  the 
whole  collection.  This  work  has  been  carried  on  by  Assistant  Curator 
M.  E.  McLellan,  as  time  could  be  spared  from  other  duties,  but  it  is  not 
yet  completed. 


Vol.  XIV]  E]ERMANN— DIRECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  1925  545 

In  the  absence  of  a  regular  librarian,  Miss  McLellan,  being  familiar 
with  the  work,  devoted  time  for  the  space  of  three  months  to  library 
affairs  needing  immediate  attention,  which,  in  consequence,  curtailed  the 
amount  of  work  that  could  be  accomplished  in  this  department. 

Expeditions  and  field  work  occupied  a  considerable  portion  of  the  year. 
In  cooperation  with  the  other  departments  of  the  Museum,  this  depart- 
ment participated  in  the  Academy's  expedition  to  the  Revillagigedo  and 
Tres  Marias  islands  off  the  Mexican  coast,  as  mentioned  in  the  annual 
report  of  the  President  of  the  Academy.  On  this  occasion  the  depart- 
ments of  Ornithology  and  Mammalogy  were  represented  by  Mr.  Frank 
Tose,  chief  taxidermist  of  the  Museum,  and  Mr.  J.  T.  Wright,  student 
and  part-time  assistant  in  the  Department  of  Exhibits.  A  good  collection 
of  birds  was  made  and  some  especially  interesting  material  was  obtained 
on  this  expedition. 

In  Siskiyou  County,  California,  the  valley  of  the  Klamath  River,  from 
the  vicinity  of  Hornbrook  to  Happy  Camp  and  Indian  Creek,  some  50 
miles  west  of  Hornbrook,  together  with  parts  of  Josephine  County,  Ore-" 
gon,  adjacent  to  the  California  line,  was  the  scene  of  field  activities  from 
May  9  to  June  13,  the  field  party  consisting  of  the  curator,  James  F. 
Campbell,  student  assistant,  and  Raleigh  Borell,  general  assistant.  Field 
work  was  also  carried  on  by  the  Curator  and  Raleigh  Borell  in  Placer 
County,  California,  from  June  28  to  July  10. 

With  John  Denver  as  general  assistant,  the  Curator  carried  on  field 
work  at  Eagleville,  Modoc  County,  California,  from  September  8  to  Octo- 
ber 15,  for  the  purpose  of  comparing  the  bird  life  found  there  in  a  normal 
autumn  season  like  that  of  1925  with  that  found  in  the  previous  year, 
which  was  the  third  and  worst  year  of  a  prolonged  drouth.  One  of  the 
principal  features  of  the  work  in  1925  at  Eagleville  was  the  trapping  and 
banding  of  nearly  400  Gambel's  Sparrows  on  their  southward  migration. 
This  was  done  in  the  hope  that  some  of  the  birds  might  fall  into  the  hands 
of  other  bird  banders  or  of  people  along  the  line  of  flight  who  might  be 
sufficiently  interested  to  send  the  band,  if  taken  from  a  dead  bird,  or  to 
report  the  band  number,  if  found  on  a  captured  bird,  to  the  U.  S.  Bio- 
logical Survey,  Washington,  D.  C,  and  thus  add  to  our  rather  limited 
knowledge  of  the  migratory  movements  of  birds. 

The  last  two  weeks  of  December  were  occupied  by  the  Curator,  with 
Raleigh  Borell  as  assistant,  in  investigating  the  winter  bird  life  in  parts 
of  Placer  County,  California,  and  in  doing  some  further  work  in  bird 
banding. 

On  September  5,  Miss  McLellan  started  upon  a  trip  to  the  states  of 
Sinaloa  and  Nayarit,  Mexico,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  specimens  of 
birds  from  the  mainland  for  comparison  with  those  obtained  on  the  Tres 
Marias  by  the  departmental  representatives  in  the  spring.  Work  was  be- 
gun about  the  middle  of  September  and  carried  on  for  a  period  of  six 
weeks  at  Labrados  (near  Mazatlan),  San  Bias,  and  Maria  Madre  Island. 


546  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

The  results  of  this  trip  were  very  satisfactory,  not  only  because  of  the 
number  of  specimens  secured,  but  also  on  account  of  the  comparatively 
large  number  of  species  represented  among  them,  and  the  obtaining  on 
Maria  Madre  of  representatives  of  several  species  not  previously  recorded 
from  the  Tres  Marias. 

During  the  year  the  library  of  this  department  has  obtained  certain 
valuable  works,  notably,  Gray's  Genera  of  Birds,  Stray  Feathers,  Latham's 
General  Synopsis  of  Birds,  and  Rowley's  Ornithological  Miscellany,  and 
provision  has  been  made  for  still  further  additions. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  year  the  purchase  of  a  suitable  automobile  for 
the  joint  use  of  the  departments  of  Ornithology  and  Paleontology  was 
decided  upon,  as  these  departments  can  so  coordinate  their  field  work  as 
not  to  interfere  seriously  with  each  other  in  regard  to  the  date  and  period 
of  use. 

Accessions  to  the  department  have  been  as  follows :  Bird  skins — By 
exploration:  1373  specimens.  By  gift:  E.  W.  Gifford,  1;  E.  C.  Johnson, 
1 ;  G.  L.  Merguire,  1;  Nick  Mouzin  (for  Charles  White),  1 ;  J.  W.  Stein- 
beck, 3;  J.  T.  Wright,  94.    By  purchase:   6  specimens. 

Birds'  nests  and  eggs  have  been  received  as  follows :  By  exploration : 
59  sets  (78  eggs).  By  gift:  E.  W.  Gifford,  1  egg;  Mrs.  Lloyd  H.  Robbins, 
1  nest. 

Joseph  Mailliard,  Curator. 

Department  of  Paleontology 

During  1925  several  considerable  and  noteworthy  collections  came  to  the 
Department  of  Paleontology.  Dr.  Roy  E.  Dickerson,  formerly  Curator, 
presented  a  large  collection  of  invertebrate  fossils  from  the  Philippine 
Islands,  Java  and  Japan. 

After  several  months  of  exploration  in  the  bone  beds  of  Shark-Tooth 
Hill,  Kern  County,  California,  under  the  direction  of  Charles  Morrice, 
work  there  was  suspended  early  in  the  year.  The  material  collected  was 
transmitted  to  Dr.  Remington  Kellogg,  U.  S.  Biological  Survey,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  for  study  and  report,  and,  although  a  great  many  valuable 
additions  to  vertebrate  paleontology  have  been  made  at  that  locality,  it 
seems  probable  that  a  better  site  for  a  quarry  may  be  found  in  the  vicinity. 
In  the  excavations  thus  far  explored  the  bones  of  the  animals  are  scat- 
tered and  broken  although  they  are  present  in  almost  unbelievable 
abundance. 

In  April,  the  Curator  and  Assistant  Curator  left  San  Francisco  on  the 
U.  S.  S.  Ortolan,  as  members  of  the  Revillagigedo  Islands  Expedition. 
Almost  two  months  were  spent  in  the  field.  Collections  were  made  of 
fishes,  marine  invertebrates,  fossils,  rocks,  and  living  marine  and  land 
mollusks.  Formal  reports  will  be  prepared  on  these  various  groups  and 
they  will  give  a  better  indication  of  the  character  of  the  collections  than 
a  preliminary  announcement.     However,   it  should  be  explained   at  this 


Vol.  XIV]  EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  1925  547 

point  that  the  giving  of  figures  to  represent  numbers  of  specimens  in  this 
department  is  impracticable.  For  instance,  a  single  cubic  inch  of  some  of 
the  samples  of  organic  shales  collected  can  be  shown  to  contain  more  than 
a  hundred  million  individual  skeletons  of  organisms. 

One  other  accession  worthy  of  note  is  the  large  collection  of  samples 
of  sedimentary  rocks  and  shales  obtained  in  drilling  oil  wells  by  the 
Pacific  and  Associated  Oil  Companies.  It  is  impossible  to  estimate  the 
scientific  value  of  this  collection  and  it  is  the  only  one  of  its  kind  of  any 
consequence  in  existence  in  any  museum.  It  would  cost  many  millions  of 
dollars  in  drilling  expense  to  duplicate  the  collection.  On  account  of  lack 
of  storage  space  in  the  laboratory  and  the  large  size  of  this  collection,  it 
has  been  necessary  to  house  it  in  the  basement  of  the  Museum  building, 
but  there  it  has  been  systematically  arranged  so  that  any  part  is  readily 
accessible. 

The  bulk  of  the  detailed  work  of  the  Department  during  this  year  has 
fallen  upon  Mr.  Eric  Knight  Jordan,  Assistant  Curator,  and  Mr.  Leo  G. 
Hertlein,  Temporary  Assistant.  Their  duties  have  been  faithfully  and 
efficiently  performed,  and  this  is  reflected  in  the  fact  that  the  collections 
of  the  Department  have  probably  never  before  been  so  well  kept  or  so 
orderly  arranged. 

Various  institutions  and  individuals  have  made  use  of  the  collections  of 
the  Department  and  at  the  end  of  the  year  the  outstanding  loans  were  as 
follows:  Dr.  Paul  Bartsch,  U.  S.  National  Museum,  Washington,  D.  C. ; 
Miss  Mary  J.  Rathbun,  U.  S.  National  Museum,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Dr. 
V/.  P.  Woodring  (Feb.  12,  1926),  U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  Washington, 
D.  C;  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Dall,  U.  S.  National  Museum,  Washington,  D.  C; 
Dr.  Fred  Baker,  Point  Loma,  California. 

G.  Dallas  Hanna,  Curator. 


Steinhart  Aquarium 

It  is  a  pleasure  to  report  the  Aquarium  in  good  condition  and  the  most 
popular  public  institution  in  San  Francisco.  The  attendance  for  the  year 
was  1,043,591.  Our  attendance  on  Sundays  and  holidays  is  still  too  large 
for  seeing  the  fishes  to  the  best  advantage  and  is  a  constantly  repeated 
argument  for  additional  room  that  a  new  wing  would  provide. 

The  total  number  of  live  specimens  in  the  Aquarium  tanks  on  Dec. 
31,  1925,  was  7,120,  an  increase  of  912  during  the  year.  These  are  di- 
vided among  the  branches  of  the  animal  kingdom  as  follows : 

Mammals     8  specimens   4  species 

Birds  1  specimen  1  species 

Reptiles    75  specimens   22  species 

Batrachians     13  specimens  7  species 

Fishes     6596  specimens   201  species 

Invertebrates    427  specimens   6  species 


Total 7120  specimens  240  species 


548  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

The  above  is  exclusive  of  the  Hatchery  in  which  8,000  eggs  of  Trout 
and  Salmon  were  hatched  during  the  year. 

It  would  seem  a  far  cry  from  the  slimy  Hagfish  in  tank  No.  9  to  the 
study  of  Pyorrhea.  However,  one  of  the  activities  of  the  Aquarium 
during  the  past  year  was  to  supply  quantities  of  mucous  from  these  fish 
to  Dr.  R.  N.  Loomis  of  the  University  of  California  Dental  College  in 
order  that  the  effects  of  mucous  on  dentin  might  be  carefully  studied  and 
its  relation  to  disease,  if  any,  established. 

One  would  not  really  suspect  the  Aquarium  to  have  any  connection 
whatever  with  the  18th  amendment,  yet  a  special  investigator,  Dr.  McCay 
of  the  California  State  Fish  and  Game  Commission,  spent  a  month  in 
our  Laboratory  investigating  the  pollution  of  the  San  Francisco  Bay 
water  by  a  large  distillery  and  the  effect  of  the  same  on  our  commercial 
fishes. 

Dr.  Shaw,  of  Shanghai,  China,  and  Dr.  Deogracis  Villadolid,  from  the 
Philippine  Islands,  have  spent  considerable  time  on  the  study  of  our 
collections. 

The  State  Board  of  Health  of  Sacramento  keeps  one  of  our  large 
tanks  well  stocked  with  mosquito  fish  (Gambusia  affinis),  and  has  re- 
quested us  to  distribute  these  fishes  free  of  charge  to  anyone  desiring 
small  fish  for  stocking  ponds,  garden  pools  and  aquariums.  Several  hun- 
dred of  these  have  been  so  distributed  and  will  no  doubt  assist  in  the 
abatement  of  the  mosquito  pest  in  this  state.  On  Nov.  2,  1925,  a  shipment 
of  these  fish  was  sent  to  Tahiti,  Society  Islands,  to  help  to  eliminate 
the  mosquitos. 

The  gifts  of  live  animals  to  the  Aquarium  during  the  year  number  726. 
Eight  of  these  were  alligators. 

Our  loss  of  specimens  during  the  year  has  not  been  excessive.  We 
have  had  no  bad  epidemics ;  as  a  matter  of  fact,  we  have  been  assured 
on  very  good  authority,  our  loss  has  been  considerably  less  than  at  other 
large  aquariums. 

We  have  been  fortunate  in  securing  the  services  of  Mr.  Robert  J.  Lanier, 
formerly  of  the  New  York  Aquarium,  whose  long  experience  in  that 
aquarium  wil  be  of  benefit  to  us. 

Mr,  H.  Walton  Clark  was  transferred  from  the  Aquarium  staff  on  Sept. 
14  to  the  position  of  Assistant  Curator  of  fishes  in  the  California  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences. 

On  March  20,  our  collector,  W.  J.  Martin,  resigned  and  his  place  was 
taken  by  Mr.  Herbert  Brandt. 

With  the  exceptions  noted  above  and  a  few  minor  changes,  the  staff  of 
the  Aquarium  remains  the  same. 

It  is  the  desire  of  the  Superintendent  that  the  Aquarium  may  continue 
to  improve  during  the  coming  year.  As  a  means  to  that  end  we  respect- 
fully suggest  that  a  small  greenhouse  for  growing  of  tropical  plants  and 
fishes  be  constructed  on  the  roof  of  the  Aquarium,  and  the  matter  of 
securing  more  warm  water  tanks  seriously  be  considered.  Also  that  ar- 
rangements be  made  to  secure  a  large  number  of  the  beautifully  colored 
fishes  found  along  the  shores  of  Mexico  and  Central  America. 


Vol.  XIV]  EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  1925  549 

During  the  year,  728  gifts  of  living  animals,  chiefly  fishes  and  reptiles, 
were  made  to  the  Aquarium.  To  the  many  donors  our  grateful  appreci- 
ation is  hereby  expressed. 

During  the  same  period  the  Academy,  on  behalf  of  the  Aquarium,  sup- 
plied a  total  of  1858  specimens  of  live  fishes  and  other  small  aquatic  ani- 
mals to  schools  and  individuals  for  use  in  small  balanced  aquariums  in 
schools  and  homes.  In  this  way  and  through  definite  instruction  we  are 
doing  much  to  encourage  the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  these 
really  educative  adjuncts  to  schools  and  homes. 

The  number  of  schools  visiting  the  Aquarium  continues  to  grow,  as 
shown  by  the  following  summary  : 

SCHOOLS  \TSITING  THE  AQUARIUM 

Schools  of  San  Francisco 

Total  Number  Visiting  Pupils 8090  8090 

Total  Number  Visiting  Teachers 285 

Total  Number  Visiting  Classes 299 


Schools  Outside  of  San  Francisco 

Total  Number  of  Pupils 1776  1776 

Total  Number  of  Teachers 65 

Total  Number  of  Classes 83 


9866 
Alvin  Seale,  Superintendent. 


Accessions  to  Museum  and  Library  for  1925 

Alaska  Packers  Association,  San  Francisco :  10  specimens  of  Cardium 
corbis  from  Alaska.    Gift. 

Aldous,  Harry,  228  West  First  North  Street,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah :  19 
sets  of  bird  eggs  (80  eggs).     Exchange. 

Anderson,  Mrs.  W.  F.,  Indio,  Calif.:  3  botanical  specimens  from  Indio, 
Calif.    Gift. 

Andrews,  C.  L.,  Point  Barrows,  Alaska :  2  mammal  skins  and  6  bird 
skins  from  Alaska.     Purchase. 

Associated  Oil  Co.,  79  New  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco :  4  speci- 
mens of  cretaceous  mollusks  from  Oregon  and  British  Columbia,  50 
samples  of  fossiliferous  cretaceous  shales  from  Moreno  Gulch,  Fresno 
Co.,  Calif.,  a  slab  of  freshwater  Ostracod  Shale  from  Brazil,  and  15 
specimens  of  Pliocene  fossils  from  near  Casmalia,  California.    Gift. 

Augsbury,  Mrs.  J.  C,  1300  Balboa  Street,  San  Francisco,  Calif.:  17 
botanical  specimens  from  Yosemite,  Calif.    Gift. 


550  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Bailey,  H.  H.,  Miami,  Florida:  1  pair  Florida  Screech  Owl,  2  i>airs  Flori- 
da Bob  White,  2  pairs  Cardinal,  4  pairs  Bahama  Redwing,  2  male 
Least  Tern,  1  female  Dusky  Seaside  Sparrow,  2  male  Loggerhead 
Shrike,  and  1  male  Southern  Meadowlark.    Exchange. 

Baker,  Dr.  Fred,  Point  Loma,  Calif. :  36  species  of  mollusks  new  to 
Academy  collection.     Exchange. 

Baker,  Dr.  Fred,  Point  Loma,  Calif. :  9  lots  of  freshwater  mollusks. 
Gift. 

Baldwin,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  R.,  San  Luis  Obispo,  Calif. :  2  specimens  of 
plants  from  San  Luis  Obispo,  Calif.    Gift. 

Bassenger,  A.  J.,  Citrus  Experiment  Station,  Riverside,  Calif.:  2210  in- 
sects, largely  from  Alaska  and  including  a  fine  series  of  Alaskan 
Diptera.    Gift. 

Blaisdell,  Dr.  F.  E.,  1520  Lake  Street,  San  Francisco,  Calif.:  50  insects, 
mostly  Cicadas,  from  Yreka,  Calif.    Gift. 

Blaisdell,  Dr.  Frank  E.,  Sr.,  1520  Lake  Street,  San  Francisco,  Calif.: 
The  Blaisdell  Collection  of  Coleoptera,  of  about  100,000  specimens. 
Gift. 

Bottom,  Charles,  1316  W  Street,  Sacramento,  Calif. :  44  mounted  birds 
from  California.     Gift. 

Bowman,  C.  W.,  2032  Judah  Street,  San  Francisco :  1  boar's  tusk  from 
the  Philippines,  2  boars'  tusks  from  Lake  County,  Calif.    Gift. 

British  Museum,  London,  England:  14  specimens  of  reptiles  and  am- 
phibians from  Eastern  Asia.    Exchange. 

Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  San  Francisco,  Calif.:  1  Antilope  cerzn- 
capra,  in  flesh,  from  Australia.     Gift. 

Canton  Christian  College,  Canton,  China :  125  specimens  of  the  McClure 
collection  of  Hainan  plants.     Purchase. 

Carey,  John  E.,  Manila,  P.  L :  905  specimens  of  Lepidoptera  from 
Panama.     Gift. 

Charles,  Juanita  E.,  Cazadero,  Calif. :  1  botanical  specimen  from  Caza- 
dero,  Calif.     Gift. 

Christensen,  Mrs.  C.  P.,  1260  9th  Avenue,  San  Francisco :  1  lot  of  mis- 
cellaneous minerals.    Gift. 

Qassen,  W.  J..  Menlo  Park,  Calif.:  27  botanical  specimens  from  Alaska. 
Gift. 

Oark,  Mrs.  Curran  (Cora  Taylor  Clark),  1502  Willard  Street,  San 
Francisco :  1  oil  painting  of  John  Taylor,  former  Trustee  of  the 
California  Academy  of  Sciences.    Gift. 

Qark,  H.  Walton,  San  Francisco,  Calif.:  1  lizard  from  San  Francisco, 
Calif.,  and  1  botanical  specimen  from  California.     Gift. 

Clemens,  Mrs.  Joseph,  638  Isaac  Peral,  Manila,  P.  I.:  23  specimens  of 
plants  from  Texas.    Gift. 


Vol.  XIV]  EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  19^5  551 

Coale.  H.  K.,  528  S.  Linden  Avenue,  Highland  Park.  111. :  1  female 
White-v.-ing  Junco,  1  male  Fish  Crow,  1  pair  Florida  Redwing,  1 
female  Vera  Cruz  Redwing,  1  pair  Southern  Downy  Woodpecker,  1 
pair  Southern  Meadow  Lark,  1  pair  American  Goldfinch,  1  female 
Rock  Sparrow,  1  female  Dakota  Song  Sparrow,  1  male  Warbling 
Vireo,  1  male  White-eyed  Vireo,  1  male  Swainson's  Warbler,  1 
female  Texas  Wren,  1  male  Prairie  Marsh  Wren,  1  pair  House  Wren, 
1  pair  Willow  Thrush.     Exchange. 

Comstock,  Dr.  John  A.,  Southwest  Museum,  Los  Angeles,  Calif.:  66 
Butterflies,  new  to  the  Academy  Collection.     Gift. 

Contreras,  Prof.  Francisco,  Museo  Nacional  de  Historia  Natural,  Mexico, 
D.  F. :    20  miscellaneous  pamphlets.    Gift. 

Coville,  Dr.  F.  V.,  National  Herbarium,  Washington,  D.  C. :  17  speci- 
mens of  Ribes  from  California.     Gift. 

Dickerson,  Dr.  Roy  E.,  Standard  Oil  Co.,  San  Francisco :  A  large  col- 
lection of  fossils  from  the  Philippine  Islands.     Gift. 

Dodge,  E.  A.,  546  Bay  Street,  Santa  Cruz,  Calif. :  201  miscellaneous  in- 
sects, largely  moths,  taken  by  Ralph  Dodge  at  Exeter,  Calif.  Gift. 
478  tiger-beetles  forming  the  G.  M.  Dodge  Collection  of  Cicindelidse. 
Gift. 

Doods,  Clifford,  R.  D.  No.  2,  Ojai  Road,  Santa  Paula,  Calif. :  169  insects 
from  various  localities.     Gift. 

Ducruet,  Theo.  I.,  2964  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco:  3  mussel  shells  from 
Visitacion  Valley,  San  Francisco  Bay.    Gift. 

Durbrow,  Mrs.  Pierson,  62  5th  Avenue,  San  Francisco,  Calif. ;  1  botanical 
specimen  from  California.     Gift. 

Eastwood,  Miss  Alice,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco : 
30  specimens  of  land  mollusks  from  Bakers  Point,  Idaho.     Gift. 

Eastwood,  Miss  Alice,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco : 
223  California  plants. ;  834  botanical  specimens  as  follows :  33  from 
Alarin  County,  Calif. ;  214  from  Lake  County,  Calif. ;  149  Mendocino 
County,  Calif.;  11  from  Portland,  Oregon;  25  from  Columbia  High- 
way, Oregon ;  48  from  Wind  River  Forest  Station,  Washington ;  242 
from  Pullman,  Washington ;  49  Moscow  and  Lewiston,  Idaho ;  63 
from  mouth  of  Salmon  River ;  6  botanical  specimens  from  Marin 
County,  Calif.     Exploration. 

Ellsworth,  Mrs.  F.,  917  Sierra  Street,  Turlock,  Calif.:  1  Mycteris  cinerea, 
in  flesh,  from  Stanislaus  Co.,  Calif.     Gift. 

Elms,  Mrs.  Ida  B.,  853  W  58th  Place,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. :  1  specimen 
of  plant  from  Los  Angeles,  Calif.    Gift. 

Evermann,  Dr.  Barton  W.,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Fran- 
cisco: The  Catalina  Islander,  Vol.  XI,  Nos.  2-14,  16-33,  35-47,  49-52. 
Vol.  XII,  Nos.  1-7,  9-14,  16-24,  26-30.    Gift. 


552  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Fox,  Chas.  L.,  1621  Vallejo  Street,  San  Francisco,  Calif.:  1122  insects, 
mostly  Diptera  and  Coleoptera,  taken  in  Washington  and  Idaho. 
Gift.    1982  Hymenoptera  collected  by  Mr.  Poling  in  Arizona.    Gift. 

Friersen,  L.  S.  Jr.,  Gayle,  Lx)uisiana:     1  snake  from  Louisiana.    Exchange. 
Frye,  Dr.  T.  C,  State  University,  Seattle,  Washington:     2  specimens  of 
mosses  from  Friday  Harbor,  Washington.     Gift. 

Gaylord,  Mrs.  Llsien  Nathalie,  Hotel  Grayiyn,  20  Charlesgate,  W.  Boston, 
Mass.:  46  specimens  of  mosses  from  the  Atlantic  Q)ast  and  the 
eastern  states.     Gift. 

Giff ard,  Wm.  M.,  Honolulu,  T.  H. :  320  bees  of  the  family  Megachilidae 
(mostly  Osmias)    from  Tahoe  region,  Calif.     Gift. 

Gifltord,  E.  W.,  Museum  of  Anthropology,  Affiliated  Colleges,  San  Fran- 
cisco: 1  Gallicolutiiba  riibescens,  in  flesh,  Aviary  specimen,  native  of 
^^larquisas  Islands. 

GrafiF,  A.  J.,  Cazadero,  Calif. :  17  specimens  of  plants  from  Cazadero, 
Calif.     Gift. 

Gram,  E.,  Cisco,  Placer  County,  Calif. :  1  Oreortyx  picta  plumifera,  in 
flesh,  from  Placer  County,  Calif.    Gift. 

Griffin,  Alice.,  El  Verano,  Calif.:  6  botanical  specimens  from  Sonoma 
County,  Calif.    Gift. 

Grundell,  J.  G.,  Oakdale,  Calif. :    77  insects  taken  at  Cuero,  Texas. 

Grunsky,  C.  E.,  Mechanics'  Institute  Bldg.,  San  Francisco :  2  pamphlets 
(Collection  Ant.  W.  M.  Mensing,  Amsterdam:  Old  Scientific  Instru- 
ments 1479-1800,  text  and  plates.     Gift. 

Hack,  Prof.  Ingo,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  344  14th  Street, 
San  Francisco :  1  Gila  Monster  collected  near  Casa  Grande,  Arizona, 
by  G.  S.  Woods  of  Casa  Grande,  Arizona.    Gift. 

Hale,  Albert,  Tacoma,  Washington :  1  fossil  shell  from  Vader,  Wash- 
ington.    Gift. 

Haley,  George,  2311  Bancroft  Way,  Berkeley,  Calif.:  56  specimens  (bo- 
tanical) and  10  insects  from  St.  Paul  Island.     Gift. 

Hanna,  G.  Dallas,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco:  1  lot 
of  fossil  fishes  from  near  Arroyo  Grande,  Calif.,  and  47  miscellaneous 
pamphlets.     Gift. 

Hanna,  Marcus  A.,  Gulf  Production  Co.,  Houston,  Texas:  20  lots  of 
foraminifera  and  small  mollusca  from  Texas,  Alabama  and  Louisi- 
ana.   Gift. 

Hardman,  Gertrude  R.,  Tomales,  Calif.:  4  specimens  of  plants  from 
Sonoma  County,  Calif.     Gift. 

Hart,  Cecil.,  Route  2,  Box  432,  Los  Angeles,  Calif.:  23  botanical  speci- 
mens from  Southern  California.    Gift. 

Henderson,  L.  F.,  Hood  River,  Oregon :  627  plants  from  the  Hood  River 
Valley,  Oregon.     Purchase. 


Vol.  XIV]  EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  1925  553 

Hendricks,  Russel,  1166  Guerrero  Street,  San  Francisco:  1  Scapanus  lati- 
manus  latimanus,  from  Golden  Gate  Park,  San  Francisco.     Gift. 

Henry  Sotheren  &  Co.,  London,  England:  1  book  (van  Heurck,  The 
Microscope).     Purchase. 

Henns,  Prof.  W.  B.,  University  of  California,  Berkeley,  Calif. :  i7 
lizards  from  Fanning  Island.     Gift. 

Holmes  Book  Company,  The,  San  Francisco,  Calif. :  4  books :  Barrows — 
Voyages  of  Discovery,  etc. ;  Payer — New  Lands  within  the  Arctic 
Circle;  Atkinson — Oriental  and  Western  Siberia;  Davis — Narrative 
of  the  North  Pole  Expedition,  "Polaris".     Purchase. 

Houghton,  Mifflin  Company,  San  Francisco,  Calif.:  Complete  works  of 
John  Muir  (10  volumes).     Purchase. 

Howarth,  Fred  J.,  Raton.  New  Mexico :  5  snakes  and  6  lizards  from 
New  Mexico.      Gift. 

Hudson,  Dr.  J.  W.,  Ukiah,  Calif. :  6  botanical  specimens  from  Ukiah, 
Calif.    Gift. 

Huguenin,  J.  C,  1810  15th  Street,  San  Francisco,  Calif. :  1870  insects, 
largely  from  California.     Gift. 

Hunt,  C.  L.,  212  4th  Street,  Marysvile,  Calif.:  1  "Mill  Pick"  from  the  old 
Buckeye  Mill  at  Marysville,  Calif.    Gift. 

Johnson,  E.  C,  Bureau  of  Fisheries,  L.  C.  Smith  Bldg.,  Seattle,  Wash- 
ington :     1  Riparia  riparia,  in  alcohol,  from  the  Pribilof  Islands.    Gift. 

Keifer,  H.  H.,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco,  Calif. : 
10,753  insects  from  Revillagigedo  Islands,  and  1290  insects,  mostly 
micro-lepidoptera,  taken  about  San  Francisco.     Exploration. 

Kelly,  Mrs.  G.  Earl,  1311  Grand  Street,  Alameda,  Calif.:  28  specimens  of 
Oregon  plants.     Gift. 

Klauber,  L.  M.,  San  Diego,  Calif. :  25  herpetological  specimens  from 
San  Diego,  and  29  snakes,  99  lizards,  10  frogs,  4  salamanders  from 
San  Diego  and  Imperial  counties,  2  snakes  from  Washington,  1 
lizard  from  Oregon.     Gift. 

Koelz,  Prof.  Walter,  University  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. :  1 
pair  Mandt's  Guillemot,  1  pair  Iceland  Gull,  1  pair  Florida  Cor- 
morant, 1  pair  Northern  Eider,  1  pair  Greater  Snow  Goose,  1  pair 
Florida  Clapper  Rail,  1  pair  Florida  Screech  Owl,  1  Black-headed 
Jay,  1  Labrador  Jay,  1  pair  Florida  Grackle,  1  pair  Greater  Ridpoll. 
1  Migrant  Shrike,  1  male  Fish  Crow.     Exchange. 

Koeltz,  Walter,  Dept.  of  Zoology,  University  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor, 
Michigan  :     8  specimens  of  birds.     Exchange. 

Kusche,  J.  August:    22  insects  from  California.     Gift. 

Labarthe,  Jules,  Berkeley,  Calif.:   1   lizard  from  Nevada.     Gift. 

Larson,  A.  C,  Alhambra,  Calif.:  42  beetles  from  California.     Gift. 

April  28,   1926 


554  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Lastreto,  C.  B.,  260  California  Street,  San  Francisco :  The  Periscope, 
V.  I,  No.  9;  The  China  Journal  (of  Arts  and  Sciences),  V.  II,  No.  3; 
Mid-Pacific  Magazine,  V.  29,  No.  3;  Proc.  of  the  Pan-Pacific  Food 
Conservation  Congress ;  Bull,  of  the  Pan-Pacific  Union.  N.  Ser.  No. 
63,  64;  Haldeman-Julius  Monthly,  Sept.,  Oct.  1925;  The  Auk,  V,  39, 
No.  4;  40,  No.  2-4;  42,  No.  1-4;  The  Condor,  V.  24,  No.  3-4;  25,  No. 
5;  24,  No.  3-4;  27,  No.  1-6;  Calif.  Acad.  Sciences  Proc.  4th  Ser.  T. 
pp.  &  Ind.  to  Vol.  XI,  Vol.  XII,  Nos.  6,  23,  24,  29,  32-33;  Vol.  XIII, 
Nos.  3,  5,  27-28;  Vol.  XIV,  Nos.  1-11,  14-17;  19  copies  of  "The  Scien- 
tific Monthly"~ll  copies  of  1924,  8  copies  of  1925.     Gift. 

Leach,  E.  R.,  217  Hillside  Ave.,  Piedmont,  Calif.:  84  insects  from  Cali- 
fornia, and  1  Nycteris  borealis  teliotis  from  Alameda  Co.,  Calif.    Gift. 

Mackay,  Mrs.,  166  Saturn  Street,  San  Francisco :  2  turtle  shells  from 
the  Galapagos  Islands,  and  1  box  of  miscellaneous  shells  and  corals 
from  various  parts  of  the  world.     Gift. 

Macomber,  A.  K.,  Burlingame,  Calif.:  1  set  of  antlers  of  Cervus  schom- 
hurgki.    Gift. 

Mailliard,  Joseph,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco :  104 
bird  skins,  38  mammal  skins  and  skulls,  and  1  head  of  Redhead  Duck 
from  Modoc  County,  Calif.     Exploration. 

Mailliard,  Joseph,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco :  10 
mammal  skins  and  skulls  from  Placer  County,  Calif. ;  136  bird  skins 
from  Placer  County,  Calif.;  9  mammal  and  30  bird  skins  from 
Siskijou  County,  Calif. ;  29  mammal  skins  and  skulls  from  Josephine 
Co.,  Oregon ;  9  mammal  skins  from  Josephine  Co.,  Oregon ;  69  bird 
skins  from  Josephine  Co.,  Oregon.     Exploration. 

Mailliard,  Joseph,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco:  111 
l)ird  skins ;  5  mammal  skins  and  skulls ;  3  mammal  skins ;  from  Siski- 
you County,  Calif.    Gift. 

Mailliard,  Joseph,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco:  Two 
lots  of  freshwater  mollusks     Gift. 

Mailliard,  Joseph,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco :  16 
land  and  freshwater  shells  from  Siskiyou  Co.,  Calif.;  set  of  14  photo- 
graphs showing  cutting  and  preparing  the  Big  Tree  (Sequoia  gi- 
gantea),  "General  Noble",  for  shipment  to  the  World's  Fair,  Chicago, 
in  1893.  The  tree  grew  in  Fresno  Co.,  Calif.  A  collection  of  fossil 
shells  from  the  Cretaceous  near  Hornbrook,  Calif.,  and  80  Moths 
taken  in  Modoc  Co.,  Calif.    Gift. 

Martin,  J.  O.,  2826  Kelsey  Street,  Berkeley,  Calif. :  95  insects,  mostly 
from  Del  Norte  Co.,  Calif.,  and  2  land  shells  from  Areata,  Humboldt 
Co.,  Calif.    Gift. 

Mason,  Frank,  5533  Pulaski  Avenue,  Germantown,  Philadelphia,  Pa. :  78 
Hemiptera,  mostly  from  Africa  and  India.    Gift. 


Vol.  XIV]  EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  I9^S  $$$ 

Mayer,  Mrs.  L.,  849  Fulton  Street,  San  Francisco :  A  miscellaneous  col- 
lection of  minerals,  shells,  etc.;  Alaska  garnets;  black  mica,  Black 
Hills,  D.  T. ;  Tennessee  marble,  Madison,  Indiana,  Marble  Works, 
March  14,  1883;  Indian  spear  head,  Eagle  Hollow,  Oliva  River, 
Madison,  Indiana,  March  14,  1883 ;  Toy  monument  made  of  U.  S. 
greenbacks  redeemed  and  macerated,  at  the  U.  S.  Treasury,  estimated 
at  $5,000,  manufactured  715  14th  Street,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C ; 
1  pair  toy  Eskimo  boots,  Eskimo  Village  Mid- Winter  Fair,  Labrador 
natives,  April  21,  1894,  35  unlabeled  minerals,  Indian  spear  heads,  etc.; 
300  shells,  pebbles  and  miscellaneous  objects  of  various  sorts.    Gift. 

McAllister,  M.  Hall,  San  Francisco :  Proceedings  of  Calif.  Acad.  Sci., 
4th  Series,  Vol.  XIV,  Nos.  7,  8,  9,  U,  13,  14,  15. 

McDonald  Miss  Julia,  1221  Lombard  Street,  San  Francisco,  Calif. :  19 
specimens  of  California  plants.    Gift. 

McKell,  David,  Foxcroft  Bldg.,  San  Francisco,  Calif. :  141  insects,  mostly 
butterflies,  from  Panama.     Gift. 

McLaren,  John,  Golden  Gate  Park,  San  Francisco :  1  adult  Black  Bear 
(male)  (skin);  1  raccoon  (male);  1  kangaroo,  in  flesh;  1  Bison 
bison  subsp.,  in  flesh,  from  Golden  Gate  Park.    Gift. 

McLellan,  Miss  M.  E.,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco : 
115  bird  skins  from  Sinaloa  and  Nayarit,  Mexico;  1  mammal  skin 
and  skull  from  Sinaloa,  Mexico;  3  mammal  skulls  from  Nayarit, 
Mexico;  79  bird  skins  from  Sinaloa,  Mexico;  100  bird  skins  from 
Sinaloa,  Nayarit  and  Maria  Madre  Island,  Mexico;  4  snakes,  3  liz- 
ards, 1  toad  from  Sinaloa,  Mexico;  3  mammal  skins  from  Sinaloa 
and  Nayarit,  Mexico;  29  bird  skins  from  Nayarit,  Mexico.  Ex- 
ploration. 

Merguire,  G.  L..  940  Oak  Street,  San  Francisco :  1  Golden  Eagle 
(mounted)  taken  one  mile  back  of  Stanford  University,  Calif.,  in 
1902  by  Loring  Merguire  and  John  Meares.    Gift. 

Michael,  Mrs.  Enid.  Yosemite,  Calif. :  1  botanical  specimen  from  Cali- 
fornia.   Gift. 

Mitchell,  Mrs.  H.,  1205  Hyde  Street,  San  Francisco,  Calif.:  2  specimens 
of  California  plants.     Gift. 

Mouzin,  Nick  (for  Charles  White),  Conservatory,  Golden  Gate  Park, 
San  Francisco :  1  Lophodytes  cucullattis,  in  flesh,  from  Marin  County. 
Gift. 

Murray,  R.  H.,  San  Mateo,  Calif. :  63  insects  from  Beresford,  San 
Mateo  Co.,  Calif.    Gift. 

Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  Cambridge,  Mass. :  5  lizards  from 
Peru,  10  frogs  and  4  lizards  from  Africa,  1  lizard  from  Ecuador,  2 
frogs  from  Costa  Rica.     Exchange. 

Myszka,  C.  S.,  Ukiah,  Calif. :  4  specimens  of  plants  from  Ukiah,  Calif. 
Gift. 


^±i\\\%^^^^ 


556  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Nast,  Dr.  Ernest,  4112  24th  Street,  San  Francisco,  Calif.:  291  insects, 
largely  moths,  taken  in  the  Sierra. 

National  Herbarium,  The,  Washington,  D.  C. :  428  miscellaneous  botani- 
cal specimens.     Exchange. 

Orcutt,  C.  R.,  San  Diego,  Calif. :  3  specimens  of  Epiphragmaphora  or- 
cutti  Dall,  from  original  lot.    Gift. 

Osterhout,  Dr.  W.  J.  V.,  The  Rockefeller  Institute  for  Medical  Research, 
N.  Y.:  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  Proc.  Ill  Series,  Vol.  I,  No.  6,  18  copies; 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  Proc.  Ill  Series,  Vol.  II,  No.  8,  127  copies;  Calif. 
Acad.  Sci.  Proc.  Ill  Series,  Vol.  II,  No.  11,  31  copies;  Calif.  Acad. 
Sci.  Proc.  Repr.  Ill  Series,  Vol.  II,  No.  11,  36  copies;  Univ.  of  Calif. 
Contributions  from  Botany  Lab.  No.  4,  36  copies  (reprint  from  the 
Proceedings  of  the  C.  A.  S.  Ill  Ser.  Bot.,  Vol.  I.) 

Pacific  Oil  Co.,  and  Associated  Oil  Co.,  79  New  Montgomery  Street,  San 
Francisco :  Drill  cores  from  273  wells  containing  a  very  large  col- 
lection of  fossils  micro-organisms.     Gift, 

Paul  Elder  &  Company,  San  Francisco,  California :  Breasted — History 
of  Egypt.     Purchase. 

Phillips,  Warren,  Game  Warden,  Golden  Gate  Park,  San  Francisco,  Calif. : 
1  Canis  ochropus  ochropus,  in  flesh,  and  1  raccoon  (male)  from 
Golden  Gate  Park.    Gift. 

Peers,  Miss  Susie  M.,  52  Hillway  Avenue,  San  Francisco :  Current  issues 
of  "Science",  for  1925.     Gift. 

Piazza,  Enrico,  1312  Adams  Street,  Brownsville,  Texas :  579  moths, 
mostly  from  Texas.     Purchase. 

Piper,  C.  v.,  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  Washington,  D.  C. :  3  botanical 
specimens  from  Oregon.     Gift. 

Pomeroy,  C.  S.,  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  Riverside,  Calif. :  1  specimen 
of  plant  from  Riverside,  Calif.     Gift. 

Purdy,  Carl,  Ukiah,  Calif.:  4  botanical  specimens  from  Ukiah,  Calif. 
Gift. 

Ramp,  Henry,  Kenwood,  Calif. :  2  specimens  of  plants  from  Kenwood, 
CaHf.    Gift. 

Reagan,  Dr.  A.  B.,  Cornfields  via  Canada,  Arizona :  36  land  shells,  col- 
lected at  mouth  of  Gorge,  1  mile  below  Snowflake,  Arizona.    Gift. 

Reimers,  Milton  A.,  Montebello,  Calif.:  1  botanical  specimen  from  Los 
Angeles,  Calif.     Gift. 

Revillagigedos  Expedition,  California  Academy  of  Sciences:  320  bird 
skins  from  the  Revillagigedos,  Tres  Marias,  Isabel,  Guadalupe,  etc. ; 
1  bottle  of  birds  in  alcohol;  8  bottles  of  bird  crops  in  alcohol;  10 
mammal  skins  and  skulls  from  Tres  Marias,  etc. ;  1  bottle  bones ; 
1  bottle  mammals  in  alcohol;  214  bird  skins  from  Alijos  Rock,  Gua- 
dalupe, Clarion  and  Socorro  Islands.    Exploration. 


Vol.  XIV]  EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  1925  SS7 

Richards,  Mrs.  Virginia,  S.  S.  Sierra,  San  Francisco :  1  pamphlet,  Aus- 
tralian Museum  Magazine.     Gift. 

Richards,  Mrs.  J.  E.,  2355  Polk  Street,  San  Francisco,  Calif. :  3  botanical 
specimens  from  Salinas,  Calif.    Gift. 

Rixford,  G.  P.,  1813  Pierce  Street,  San  Francisco,  Calif.:  6  botanical 
specimens  from  Santa  Barbara,  Calif.    Gift. 

Roberts,  V.,  Flannigan,  Nevada :     1  piece  of  Iceland  Spar  from  Washoe 

Co.,  Nevada.     Gift. 
Robertson,  G.  D.,  Associated  Oil  Company,  Los  Angeles,  California:     20 

fossil  shells  from  the  Carboniferous  of  Colorado.    Gift. 

Robbins,  Mrs.  Lloyd  M.,  2203  Sacramento  Street,  San  Francisco,  Calif.: 

1  nest  from  Paraguay.    Gift. 
Rose,  Dr.  J.  N.,  National  Herbarium,  Washington,  D.  C. :     24  botanical 

specimens  and  2  photographs  of  Dudleya.     Exchange. 

Royal  Herbarium,  Kew,  Surrey,  England:  112  Stolz  African  plants 
from  near  Lake  Nyassa,  622  botanical  specimens  from  the  Himalaya 
Mts.  Duthies  Indian  Plants,  175  Stolz  African  plants  from  near  Lake 
Nyassa,  24  West  Indian  plants.     Exchange. 

Ruiz,  Marian  N.,  Comitan,  Chiapas,  Mexico :  Ruiz — Nueva  Teoria  Cos- 
mica.     Gift. 

St.  Helens  Petroleum  Co.,  California :  Fossil  moUusks  from  oil  well 
core,  Sunset-Midway  Field,  Calif.    Gift. 

Shenefield,  S.  J.,  Steinhart  Aquarium,  San  Francisco:  1  Scapanus  lati- 
manus  latimanus,  in  flesh,  from  Golden  Gate  Park.    Gift. 

Slevin,  J.  R.,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco :  1350 
specimens  of  reptiles  and  amphibians  from  States  of  Oaxaca,  Vera 
Cruz,  and  Federal  District  of  Mexico.    Exploration. 

Slevin,  J.  R.,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco:  1  lot  of 
land  snails  from  Mexico;  6  specimens  of  land  snails  from  Federal 
District  of  Mexico ;  and  1  land  snail  from  Oaxaca,  Mexico.     Gift. 

Slevin,  Louis  S.,  Carmel,  Calif.:  557  insects,  mostly  moths,  taken  about 
Carmel,  Calif.    Gift. 

Showalter,  A.  N.,  Palo  Alto,  Calif. :  8  specimens  of  Hepatics  from  north- 
ern California.     Gift. 

Smith,  H.  J. :     1  large  harlequin  beetle  from  Panama.     Gift. 

Smith,  Raymond  L.,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco, 
Calif. :     1  botanical  specimen  from  California.     Gift. 

Soares,  A.  J.,  Hayward,  Calif.:  1  botanical  specimen  from  California. 
Gift. 

Stacey,  J.  W. :  1  book  (Methods  of  Descriptive  Systematic  Botany). 
Purchase. 

Standley,  Paul  C,  U.  S.  National  Museum.  Washington :  1  pamphlet 
(Estudios  Entomologicos).    Gift. 


558  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 

Stechert,  G.  E. :  8  volumes,  Verlandlungen,  Zool.-Bot.  Verins,  Wien 
(Vols.  3,  4,  6,  10,  11,  Z2,  42,  43).    Purchase. 

Steinbeck,  J.  W.,  611  Bristol  Avenue,  Stockton,  Calif.:  1  Polyplectron 
chinquis,  in  flesh  (domestic),  1  Gallicoluviba  ruhescens,  in  flesh,  aviary 
specimen  from  Marquesas  Islands ;  1  Goura  victoria,  in  flesh  (domes- 
tic).   Gift. 

Steinhart  Aquarium,  Golden  Gate  Park,  San  Francisco,  Calif.:  1  Phoca 
richardi  geronimensis,  juvenile,  in  flesh,  San  Francisco ;  1  turtle  from 
India;  3  salamanders  from  Virginia.    Gift. 

Sutliffe,  Mrs.  E.  C,  700  Lake  Street,  San  Francisco,  Calif. :  20  botanical 
specimens  from  Salmon  Lake,  Calif,     Gift. 

Swartz,  Mrs.  Peter,  3220  Alission  Street,  San  Francisco :  1  mounted 
specimen  of  squirrel  from  Guatemala.    Gift 

U.  S.  Customs,  through  Mr.  F.  Morales :    1  Quetzel.    Gift. 

U.  S.  Government  Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C. :  U.  S.  Official 
Postal  Guide,  July,  1925.     Purchase. 

U.  S.  Naval  Receiving  Station  Personnel,  Pier  14,  Embarcadero,  San 
Francisco:  5  specimens  of  Heloderma  horridum  (Mexican  Beaded 
Lizard).    Gift. 

Van  Duzee,  Edward  P.,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco, 
Calif.:  The  Van  Duzee  Collection  of  Hemiptera,  containing  about 
30,000  specimens.    Gift. 

Van  Duzee,  E.  P.,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco :  1732 
insects  from  western  Oregon,  and  776  insects,  mostly  from  Mill 
Valley,  Calif.    Exploration. 

Van  Duzee,  E.  P.,  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco:  2 
Neotoma  fuscipes  fuscipes,  in  flesh,  from  Marin  County,  California. 
Gift. 

Van  Dyke,  Dr.  E.  C,  University  of  California,  Berkeley,  Calif. :  1494  in- 
sects from  Oregon  and  eastern  Washington,  and  657  miscellaneous 
insects,  largely  from  California.    Gift. 

Van  Dyke,  Dr.  Edwin  C,  University  of  California,  Berkeley,  Calif. :  The 
Van  Dyke  Collection  of  Coleoptera,  about  100,000  specimens.    Gift 

Van  Dyke,  Dr.  E.  C,  Berkeley,  Calif.:  8  toads  and  1  salamander  from 
Washington ;  2  frogs,  1  snake  and  3  lizards  from  California.    Gift. 

Vortriede,  William,  Sacramento,  Calif.:  80  botanical  specimens  from 
Eldorado  County,  Calif.     Gift. 

Walther,  Eric,  Golden  Gate  Park,  San  Francisco,  Calif.:  115  specimens 
of  exotic  plants  and  66  insects  from  Golden  Gate  Park,  San  Fran- 
cisco.    Gift. 

Ward,  Melbourne,  Sydney,  Australia:    5  lizards  from  Australia.    Gift. 

Webb,  Mary  E.,  26  Micheltorena  Street,  Santa  Barbara,  Calif. :  2  bo- 
tanical specimens  from  Ventura,  Calif.     Gift. 


Vol.  XIV]  ErERMANN—DIRECTOR'S  REPORT  FOR  1925  c^^i) 

VVerdermann,  Dr.  E.,  Santiago,  Chile:  300  specimens  of  Chilian  plants, 
mostly  new.    Purchase. 

Werdermann,  Dr.  E.,  Casilla  3457,  Santiago,  Qiile :  376  botanical  speci- 
mens from  Chile.    Purchase. 

White,  Mary  E.,  Waldo,  Oregon :  20  botanical  specimens  from  Waldo, 
Oregon.    Gift. 

Williman,  E.,  Pescadero,  Calif. :  2  snakes  and  1  lizard  from  Pescadero, 
Calif.    Gift. 

Woods,  Frank  M.,  Argonaut  Hotel,  San  Francisco,  Calif. :  3  books : 
Schwatka's  Hunting  and  Fishing  Adventures  in  the  Arctic  Regions, 
White's  Rediscovered  Country,  and  Wright's  Grizzly  Bear;  also  171 
miscellaneous  insects  from  about  San  Francisco,  Calif.    Gift. 

Wright,  Mrs.  Dora  E.,  San  Francisco,  Calif. :  4  pieces  of  highly  fossili- 
ferous  limestone  from  Taishau,  Chile  Province,  China.    Gift. 

Wright,  Mrs.  E.  C,  Mono  Lake,  Calif. :  71  plants  from  the  Mono  Lake 
region,  California.     Gift. 

Wright,  John  T.,  Eureka  Garage,  Eureka,  Calif. :  1  fossil  coral  from 
Taishan,  China ;  53  bird  skins  from  Humboldt  County,  California ; 
11  bird  skins  from  Trinity  Co.,  California;  30  bird  skins  from  Hum- 
boldt County,  California;  1  Sus,  mounted  head;  1  Sus,  skull;  1  Hy- 
dropotes  inermis,  mounted  head ;  1  Felis  chinensis,  from  China.    Gift. 

Zanelli,  Cecilia,  Plantation.  Calif.:  1  botanical  specimen  from  California. 
Gift. 


5^  •        CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  fpROC.  4rii  Sen. 


FINANCIAL  STATEMENTS 


REPORT  OF  THE  TREASURER 

For  the  fiscal  year  ending  December  31,  1925 

January  1,  1925,  Balance  with  Crocker  National  Bank $  3,374.61 

Receipts: 

Dues     $  4,327.75 

Charles     Crocker     Scientific    Fund    Endow- 
ment Income   1,693.05 

James  Lick  Endowment  Income 68,137.11 

General  Income    17,918.61 

John  W.  Hendrie  Endowment  Income 960.00 

U.  S.  Treasury  Certificates 6,000.00 

Bills  Receivable   11,000.00 

Bills  Receivable,  Ignatz  Steinhart  Trust....  10,000.00 

Ignatz  Steinhart  Trust  Interest 535.00 

Interest    835.54 

Ogden  Mills  Donation 1,000.00 

Publication    647.01 

W.  G.  Wright  Fund  56.00 

Wild  Life  Protection  Fund 600.00 

Post  Card  Sales 1,534.84 

Tools  and  Equipment 50.00 

Park  Birds  Hand  Book  Fund 20.00 

Sundry  Accounts  510.90 

$125,825.81 

$129,200.42 


Vol.  XIV]  McALLlSTER— TREASURER'S  REPORT  FOR  19^5  561 


REPORT  OF  THE  TREASURER— Continued 

Expenditures: 

Interest    $13,277.43 

Contingent  Fund   546.51 

Salary  Expense  General 18,655.82 

Museum  Department  Appropriations 11,570.88 

Museum  Department  Salaries 14,212.69 

Publication   3,557.62 

Holbrook  Installation  1,796.19 

Grizzly   Bear  Group 318.39 

Library    3,940.55 

Steinhart  Aquarium  Equipment 3,188.40 

Bills  Receivable,  Ignatz  Steinhart  Trust 10,000.00 

Bills  Payable  15,000.00 

Bills  Receivable   16,000.00 

U.  S.  Treasury  Certificates 2,000.00 

Revillagigedos  Expedition 2,435.27 

Sundry  Creditors  11,449.34 

Expense  2,615.88 

Wild  Life  Protection  Fund 302.40 

Insurance    1,663.16 

Earthquake   Sinking  Fund 400.00 


$132,930.53 


December  31,  1925,  Balance  due  the  Crocker  National  Bank...  $    3,730.11 

M.  Hall  McAllister,  Treasurer. 


Examined  and  found  correct, 

McLaren,  Goode  &  Co.,  Certified  Public  Accountants. 
San  Francisco,  Calif.,  February  17,  1926. 


5^  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4tb  Se*. 


INCOME  AND  OPERATING  EXPENSES 

For  the  fiscal  year,  January  1,  1925,  to  December  31,  1925 

Jncome: 

Charles    Crocker    Scientific    Fund    Endowment 

Income  $  1,693.05 

James  Lick  Endowment  Income     68,137.11 

General   Income   17,918.61 

Dues  4,427.75 

Interest   from  Temporary  Investments 835.54 

Profit  on  Post  Card  Sales 620.20 

Total  Income  $93,632.26 

Expenditures: 

General  Expense    $  2,945.63 

Salaries    32,149.33 

Interest    13,277.43 

Insurance    1,697.16 

Total  Expenditures  $50,069.55 

Net  Income  Transferred  to  Surplus  Accoimt.  $43,562.71 


Vol.  X1V3     ■     Mcy4LLISTER~TREASURER'S  REPORT  FOR  ms  563 


SUMMARY  OF  SURPLUS  ACCOUNT 

December  31,  1925 

Balance  January  1.  1925 $434,370.21 

Additions: 

Net  Income  for  Year  ended  December  31,  1925.  $43,562.71 

Sale  of  Microscope 50.00 

Henry  M.  Holbrook  Bequest  of  Dec.  4,  1924...  2,000.00 
Income     from     J.     W.     Hendrie     Endowment 

Account  4,335.00 

W.  G.  Wright  Fund 97.92 

Total  Additions  to  Surplus $  50,045.63 

$484,415.84 

DeduciioYis: 

Depreciation : 

Office  Furniture   $     292.60 

Commercial  Building   10,336.37 

Museum   Building   3,840.52 

Tools  and  Equipment   867.54 

$  15,337.03 

Surplus,  December  31,  1925 $469,078.81 


5^  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Proc.  4th  Ser. 


IGNATZ  STEINHART  TRUST 

December  31,  1925 


AfHount  of  Fund: 

Bequest  from  the  Ignatz  Steinhart  Estate $250,000.00 

Interest  from  temporary  investments 56,012.70 


$306,012.70 


Disposition  of  Fund: 

Steinhart  Aquarium  Construction $263,390.29 

Steinhart  Aquarium  Equipment 26,901.73 

Temporary  Investments : 

Bills  Receivable   10,000.00 

Revolving  Fund   5,000.00 

Uninvested  cash  on  hand 720.68 

$306,012.70 


Vol.  XI\']  McALLISTER— TREASURER'S  REPORT  FOR   1925  565 


BALANCE  SHEET 

December  31,  1925 

Assets 
Property: 

Real  Estate,  831-833  Market  Street $600,000.00 

Commercial  Building,  833  Market  Street 516,818.66 

Real  Estate,  Jessie  Street 8,083.65 

$1,124,902.31 

Museum,  Golden  Gate  Park : 

Construction    $192,025.92 

General   Collections    158,482.01 

Library  and  Equipment    95,103.11 

Tools  and  Equipment   ?>6,779.7i 

Office   Furniture    4,179.96 

$   486,570.73 

Investment   Securities    14,200.00 

Ignatz  Steinhart  Trust : 

Bills  Receivable  $  10,000.00 

Steinhart   Aquarium    Construction 263,390.29 

Steinhart  Aquarium  Equipment  26,901.73 

Steinhart  Aquarium  Revolving  Fund 5,000.00 

Uninvested  cash  on  hand 720.68 

$   306,012.70 

Current  Assets : 

Bills   Receivable    $  13,000.00 

Foreign  Exchange    36.84 

Post  Cards  in  Stock 2,495.99 

Cash  on  hand  124.78 

Sundry   Accounts    143.10 

$     15.800.71 

Total    $1,947,486.45 


5^  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES  [Paoc.  4th  Se«. 

BALANCE  SHEET— Continued 

Liabilities 
Endowments: 

James   Lick   Endowment $804,902.31 

Charles  Crocker  Scientific  Fund  Endowment.     20,000.00 
John  W.  Hendrie   Endowment 13,600.00 

$   838,502.31 

Ignatz  Steinhart  Trust : 

Ignatz    Steinhart   Trust $250,000.00 

Ignatz  Steinhart  Trust  Interest 56,012.70 

$   306,012.70 

Alvord  Bequest  Botanical   5,000.00 

W.  G.  Wright  Fund  81.28 

Ogden  Mills   Donation ,...  1,000.00 

Park  Birds  Hand  Book  Fund 20.00 

Wild  Life  Protection  Fund 432.56 

Reserve  for  Depreciation    86,508.74 

Bills   Payable   235,000.00 

Sundry  Creditors    1,399.26 

Amount  due  Ignatz   Steinhart  Trust $  720.68 

Crocker  National  Bank  (overdraft) 3730.11 

$       4,450.79 

Surplus  469,078.81 

Total   $1,947,486.45 

W.  W.  Sargeant, 
Secretary, 

Board  of  Trustees. 


We  have  examined  the  foregoing  Balance  Sheet,  together  with  the 
books  and  accounts  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  and,  in  our 
opinion,  it  is  properly  drawn  up  so  as  to  exhibit  a  true  and  correct  view 
of  the  Academy's  affairs,  as  shown  by  the  books. 

McLaren,  Goode  &  Co., 
Certified  Public  Accountants. 
San  Francisco,  Calif. 
February  17,  1926. 


INDEX  TO  VOLUME  XIV,  FOURTH  SERIES 

New  names  in  heavy-faced  type 


abditue,  Cydanius,  394 
aboria   immaculata,   Hyla,  91 

japonica,  Hyla,  91 
abrupta,   Turritella   robusta,   59 

Turritella   supraconcava,   59 
acanthica,  Melanatria,  52 
Accessions   to  Museum  and   Library  ior 

1925,  549 
actia,  Otocoris  alpestris,  297,  298 
Actitis  niacularia,  293 
acuminata,  Leda,  60 
acus,   Nomia,   188 

Nomia   melanderi,    188 
acutipennis  inferior,  Chordeiles,  296 
acutirostra,  Corbula  (Cuneocorbula),  63 
acutisinuata,   Leda,  66 
acutus,  Cyrtolobus,   409 
addendus,   CEcleus,  406 
adumbrata,    Eleodes,    332,    333 
a-neolus,   Dendryphantes,   135,    138 
aerjualis,  Argoporis,   331 
jequicincta,  Pitaria  (Lamelliconcha) 
cora,  68 

Tellina   (Eurytellina),  69 
sequifilicatum.  Turbo  belli,  56 
Aequipecten,  4 
(Aequipecten)    percarus,    Pecten,    13,    14, 

26  (pi.  2) 
Aeronautes  melanoleucus,  296 
affine,  Cardium,  62 
afifinis,  Cardium,  62 

Cardium  (Trigoniocardia),  62 
Cytherea,  65 
Hemicardia,  62,  65 
Orthotylus,  400 
Agapostemon  borealis,   191 
digueti,   191 
texanus,  191 
texanus  iowensis,   191 
texanus   subtilior,    191 
texanus  vandykei,  191 
(Agaronia)   peruviana,   Olivancillaria,   53 
Agkistrodon  blonihoffii  brevicaudus,   99 

blomhoffii   intermedius,   102 
Agrilus  blandus,  325 
alba,  Guara,  290 
Albatross,   Black-footed,  283 
albatrus,  Diomedea,  283 
albida  barretti,  Terebra,  456 
albida  (?),  Turris,  456 
(Albidis)   bradleyi,   Corbula,   64 
albociliatus,   Phalacrocorax  auritus,  288 
albonotatus,  Scaphoideus,  419 
albopilosus,  Panurginus,  198 
albulus,  Perognathus  penicillatus,  317 
aletes,  Pecten   (Pecten),  8.  26  (pi.   2) 


aleuticus,    Ptychoramphus,   280 
alexandrinus,   Epiniys  rattus,  316 
Aligia  californica,  411,  412,   413 
colei,  412 

inscripta,  410,  411,  412,  413 
modesta   occidentalis,  413 
almus,  Euscelis,  421 
(Aloidis)  prenuncia,  Corbula,  64 
alpestris  actia,  Otocoris,  297,  298 
alpinus,  Dismodicus,  115 
Tortembolus,  115 
alta,  Lanx,  143,  144,  148,  149,   150,   154,  158 
alternata,  Cuma,  51,  55 

Solenosteira,  51,  55 
alticola,  Eleodes  parvicoUis,  387,  388 
altilira,  Terebra,  458 
Turritella,  56 
Turritella  sp.  cf.,  56 
altilirata,   Turritella,   56 
alturana,  Turritella,  56 
alutacea,  Argoporis,  331 
Amara  insignis,  ZZ2 
americana,   Callianassa,   70 
Colletes,  186 

peninsularis,   Antilocapra,  320 
americanum,   Diastoma,  51 

Sycuni,  55 
americanus,  Numenius,  293 
Amiantis   incrassata  ovoidalis,  60 
amica,  Telabis,  373 
Ammonitidae,  78 
Ammospermophilus   leucurus   peninsulse, 

318 
Amphidora  tenebrosa,  338 
Amphispiza  belli,  300 

bilineata   deserticola,   300 
Amphistegina  niasi,  4 
amplus,   Carpodacus,  298 
Ampullina  gabbi,  49 
(Ampullina)  gabbi,  Natica,  49 
Ampullina  ortoni,   49 
paytensis,  49 
woodsi,  48,  49 
amurensis,  Takydromus,  94 
Amusium,  7 

Amyda  maackii,    100,    103 
amygdala,  Bullaria,  443 

(Anadara)  nelsoni.  Area,  61 
septifera,   Area,  61 
toroensis.  Area,  61 
toroensis  crassa.  Area,  61 
toroensis  prolata.  Area,  61 
Anatina,  64 

Anatomy  of  Lanx,  a  Limpet-like  Lym- 
naeid  Mollusk,  by  H.  Burrington 
Baker,   143 

anatum,  Falco  peregrinus,  295 


November  5,  1926. 


568 


CALIPORHIA   ACADEMT    OF    SCIEHCES 


[Proc.  4th  Seb.. 


anceps,  Turritella,  56 
Ancylidae,  143,  147,  160 
andersoni,  Pecten,  17 
andrewsi,  Colletes,  186 
angelana,  Chione  (Chione),  63 
angelarum,  Anthidtum,  345,  349,  351 
angelicum,  Anthidiuni,  347 
anglicanus,  Ceratinopsis,  110 
angulata,  Oliva,  452 
angulatum,  357,  359,  361 
(Angulus)  pressa,  Tellina,  69 
(Angulus  ?)    singewaldi,  Tellina,  69 
angustirima,  Cypraea,  51 
asgustirostris,  Macrorhinus,  309 
Anicius,  131 

dolius,  131,  132  (fig.) 
Anisotarsus   flebilis,  323 
anna,  Calypte,  297 
Anna's  Hummingbird,  297 
annectens,  Turritella,  56 
anomala,  Solenosteira,  453,  484  (pi.  20) 
Anomia  berryi,  60 

sp.   ind.,  60 

subcostata,  430,  460,  471,  490 
(pl.  23) 
Antelope,  Lower  California,  320 
Anthidiellum,  361 

compactum,  362 

cucullatum,   362 

ehrhomi,  362 

eiseni,  362 

gilense,  362 

leucorhinum,  361 

perplexum,  362 

robertsoni,  362 

robertsoni  citrinellum,  362 

strigatum,  361 

strigatum    luteum,    361 

tegwaniense,  362 

truncatiforme,   361 
Anthidiine  Bees  in  the  Collection  of  the 
California   Academy   of  Sciences,  by 
T.  D.  A.  Cockerell,  345 
Anthidium,  361 

angelarum,  345,  349,  351 

angelicum,  347 

angulatum,  357,  359,  361 

aridum,  352,  353 

astragali,  355 

atriventre,  346 

banningense,  356,  359 

bemardinum,  351,  352,  353,  354 

bernardinum  aridum,  352 

bernardinum   fragariellum,   352, 
353 

bemardinum  wilsoni,  3S2,  353 

blanditum,  347,  351,  353 

blanditum   pecosense,  352 

brachyurum,   359 

califomicum,  355,  356 

divisum,  350,  351 


Anthidium,  divisum  nanuliim,  350,  351 
divisum  omatifroa*,  350,  351 

emarginatum,  349,  354,  357 

emarginatum  atripes,  346,  354 

flavicaudum,  359 

fontis,  348,  351 

fresnoense,  347,  348,  351 

hamatum,  358,  359 

hesperium,  346,  349,  351 

illustre,  365 

lucidum.  361 

lupinellum,  355 

maculosum,  355 

montivagum,  358 

mormonum,  351,  352,  353,  358 

nebrascense,  345,  346 

palHventre,  347,  355,  356 

pecosense,  351,  352,  353 

pecosense  fragariellum,  351,  353 

pecosense  fragariellum  wilsoni, 
353 

pecosense   wilsoni,   360 

permaculatum,  349,  350,  351 

plumarium,  356 

puncticaudum,  360,  361 

sagittipictum,  350 

serranum,  366 

spinosum,  359 

tenuiflorae.  347,  355,  356 

titusi,  345,  346,  361 

tricuspidum,  354 

xanthoirnathum,  347,  351 
anthidius,  Spinoliella,   195,  197 
Anthony,  A.   W.,  Expedition  to  Guada- 
lupe   Island,    Mexico,    in    1922;    The 
Birds  and  Mammals,  277 
Anthony's   Pocket  Mouse,  317 

Towhee,  300 
anthonyi,  Perognathus,  317 
(Anthophorula)    chioaura,    Elxomalopsis, 

203 
antillarum.  Sterna,  283 
antillea,  Lepidocyclina,  71 
Antilocapra   americana  peninsularis,  320 
antiquata,  Echinochama,  465 
apachecus,  Dendryphantei,  136,  137  (fig.) 
Aphelocoma  californica  hypoleuca,  298 
Aphera  peruana,  49 
(Aphera)  peruana,  Cancellaria,  49 
apicalis,  TrichochroUB,  324 
aquila,  Fregata,  290 
aquilae,  Halictus,  189 
Arachnida,  171 
arata,  Eleodes,  384 
araucana,  Nucula,  67 
arbolensis,  Pema,  68 
Area,  5 

(Anadara)  nelsoni,  61 
septifera,  61 
toroensis,  61 
toroensis  crassa,  61 


Vol.  XIV] 


r\DEX 


569 


Area  (Anadara)  toroetisis  prolata,  61 
(Cunearca)   sp.  ind.,  62 

zorrttensts,  62 
larkinii,  60 
modesta,  61 
(Noetia)  cholana,  60 

modesta,  60 
obesiformis,  61 
raimondii,  61 
retractata,  60,  61 
reversa,  61 

(Scapharca)  charanensis.  60 
crescens,  60 
hispaniolana,  60 
fissicosta,  60 
imporcata,  60 
larkinii,  60 
obesiformis,  61 
pantheonensis,    61 
singewaldi,  61 
singewaldi  doma,  61 
vanholsti,   62 
zapotalensis,  62 
septifera,  61 
tuberculata,  6 
valdiviana,  62 
zorritensis,  69 
Architectonica  granulata,  442 

quadriceps,  442,  484   (pi.   20) 
Arcidae,  461 

arcinella,  Echinochama,  465 
Arctocephalus  townsendi,  241,  306 
Ardea  herodias   sanctilucae,  291 
Area  retractata,  48 
Arenaria  interpres  morinella,  294 

melanocephala,  294 
(Argina)   suUanensis,   Scapharca,   68 
Argobuccinum  zorritense,  49,  S3 
Argoporis  aequalis,  331 
alutacea,  331 
bicolor,  331 
costipennis,  331 
ebenina,  330,  331 
impressa,  330 
inconstans,  331 
nitida,  331 
argus,  Eremias,  95 
Argyrocoris,  401 

arida,  Exomalopsis  pulchella,  202,  203 
aridum,  Anthidium,  352,  353 

Anthidium  bemardinum,   352 
aridus,   Parthenicus,  402 
(Arietidae),  78 
arizonensis,  Ericrocis,  201 
Halictus,  190 
Xylocopa,  214 
armata,  Eleodes,  334,  335,  336 
Amioceras  Humboldt  i,  79 

woodhulli,  77,  78,  79 
amoldi,  Carcharodon,  483,  490  (pi.  23) 
Corbula,  64 


arvensiformis,  Sphecodes,  191,  192 
arvensis,  Sphecodes,   192 
Ash-colored  Cottontail,  319 
Ashmeadiella  crassa,  207 
howardi,  206 
mcliloti,  207 
Ashy-gray  White-footed  Mouse,  315 
asiaticus,  Bufo  bufo,  90 
asininus,  Hylseus,  186 
asperata,  Eleodes,  382 
aspilurus,  Halictus,  190 
astragali,  Anthidium,  355 
Astragalinus   praltria  hesperophilus,  299 
atahuallpai,    Clavilithes,    44,    48,    50,    72 

(pl.  7) 
ater,  Orcinus,  302 

atolmus,  Ceratinopsts,  110,  111   (fig.) 
atramentata,   Perdita  exclamans,  194 
atriceps,    Panurginus,   198 
Atrina  oldroydi,   461 

stephensi,  461,  498  (pi.  27) 
atripes,  Anthidium  emarginatum,  346,  354 
atriventre,  Anthidium,  346 
atriventris,  Camptobrochis,  395 
attenuata,  Bullaria  striata,  442 
Atymna,  408 
auburyi,  Pecten,  10 
Audubon's  Caracara,  295 
Auklet,  Cassin's,  280 
aura  septentrionalis,  Cathartes,  295 
auricularia,  Lymnsea,   158 
auritus  albociliatus,   Phalacrocorax,  288 
aurulenta,   Buprestris,  325 
australior,  Spinoliella,  196 
australis,  Chelostoma,  206 

Chelostomopsis,   206 

Diadasia,  204 

nanus,  Chelostomopsis,  206 
Aviculariidae,  105 
Axinaea  paytensis,  62,  65 
aztecus,  Pecten,  10 
Azurina  hirundo,  239 


B 


baccharidis,  Parthenicus,  401 

Baccharis,  401 

bachmani  cerrosensis,  Sylvilagus,  319 
cinerascens,   Sylvilagus,   319 
exiguus,   Sylvilagus,  319 
Hsematopus,  294 

baculifrons,    Dianthidium    parvum,   36S 

Baker,  Fred,  A  New  Species  of  Mollusk 
(Dcntalium  hannai)  from  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, with  Notes  on  Other  Forms, 
83 

Baker,  H.  Burrington,  Anatomy  of 
Lanx,  a  Limpet -like  Lymnaeid  Mol- 
lusk, 143 

Balaenidae,  302 

Balaenoptera  physalus,  301 


570 


CALIFORXIA   ACADEMY    OF    SCIEHCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Balanus,  5,  6 

sp.,  5 
balli,  Dianthidium,  366 

Vanduzeeina,  391,  392 
banningense,  Anthidium,  356,  359 
Barbatia  sp.   ind.,  62 
Barnea,  462 

costata,  462,  500  (pi.  28) 
barretti,  Terebra  albida,  456 
bartschi,  Eutettix,  422 
basalis,  Cixius,  404,  405 
Basommatophora,  160 
Bat,  Western,  303 
Bathyphantes  dentichelis,  123  (fig.) 

micaria,   121,  122  (fig.),  123 

wana,  121,  122   (fig.),  123 
beali,  Pecten  (Pecten),  10,  11,  26  (pi.  2), 

32  (pi.  5) 
Bees    in    the    Collection    of    California 
Academy   of   Sciences,   by   T.   D.    A. 
Cockerel],   185 
Belding's  Rail,  291 
Belding  Sparrow,  299 
beldingi,   Passerculus,  299 

Rallus,  291 
Bell's  Sparrow,  300 
belli  aquifilicatum.  Turbo,  56 

Amphispiza,  300 

Turbo,  56 
bellus,  Pecten  (Pecten),  2,  3,  8 
benitensis,  Helops,  339 
bennettii,  Lepus  californicus,  318 
Bernardina,  83 

bemardinum,    Anthidium,   351,    352,    353, 
354 

aridum,  Anthidium,  352 

fragariellum,  Anthidium,  352,  353 

wilsoni,  Anthidium,  352,  353 
berryi,   Anomia,  60 

Conus,  50 

Crassatellites    (Scambula),   46,   64 
bctheli,  Melanostelis,  207 
Bezauconia  pupoidea,  49 
Bibliography,   Coyote   Mountain   Fossils, 
440 

Pectens  of  Lower  California,  23 
bicolor,   Argoporis,   331 
bifastigata,   Turritella,   57 
bifrons,  Dismodicus,  115 

Spondylus,   477 
bilineata  deserticola,  Amphispiza,  300 
Binneya  notabilis,  228 
Black  Killer,  302 

Oystercatcher,   294 

Petrel,  287 

Phoebe,  297 

Tern,  283 

Turnstone,  294 
Black-bellied  Plover,  293 
Black-footed  Albatross,  283 
Black-vented  Shearwater,  284 


Blaisdell,   Frank   E.,   Sr.,   Expedition   to 
Guadalupe   Island,    Mexico,    in    1922; 
The  Coleoptera,  321 
Blaisdell,  Frank  E.,  Sr.,  Studies  in  the 
Tenebrionidae,    No.    2,    (Coleoptera), 
369 
blaisdelli,  Triepeolus,  202 
blanditum,  Anthidium,   347,  351,   353 

pecosense,  Anthidium,  352 
blandus,  Agrilus,  325 
blomhoffii   brevicaudus,   Agkistrodon,  99 

intermedius,   Agkistrodon,   102 
bocapanensis,   Conus,   51 
Bombina  orientalis,  90 
Bombus  sonorus,  214 
borealis,  Agapostemon,  191 

Cacopoides,  91 

calurus,  Buteo,  279,  295 

Vanduzeeina,   392,  393 
bostrychites,    Spondylus,     477,     478,    492 

(pl.  24) 
bosworthi,  Meretrix,  66 

Turritella,  57 
bowersi,  Clypeaster,  431,  479 

Diploria,  481 

Maeandra,  481 
Brachybothrium     shoshoneum,     105,     106 

(fig.) 
Brachyramphus    hypoleucus,   280 
brachyurum,   Anthidium,   359 
bradleyi,  Cancellaria,  49 

Corbula,  64 

Corbula   (Albidis),  64 
Brandt's  Cormorant,  288,  289 
bravoana,    Corbula    (Cuneocorbula),   64 
bravoi,   Conus  molis,  51 
brevicauda,  Thryomanes,  279 
brevicaudus,    Agkistrodon   blomhofifii,    99 
Brewster's  Woodpecker,  296 
brewsteri,   Centurus  uropygialis,  296 
Brown  Pelican,  California,  290 
brunneus,  Parthenicus,  400 
bryanti,  Neotoma,  316 
bryoniana  (radiata),  Tivela,  6 
buccata,  Columbella,  50 
bufo  asiaticus,  Bufo,  90 
Bufo  bufo  asiaticus,  90 
Bulla  paupercula,  443 

sp.,  49 

striata,  442 
Bullaria  amygdala,   443 

paupercula,  443 

striata,  442,  443,   484    (pl.  20) 

striata   attenuata,   442 
bulleri,  Puffinus,  285 
Buprestis  aurulenta,  325 
Burrowing  Owl,  296 
Bursidae,  45 

burtti,  Clavilithes,  44,  48,  .50,  72  (pl.  7) 
buski,  Ostrea,  67 
Buteo  borealis  calurus,  279,  295 


Vol.  XIV] 


INDEX 


?7l 


Butorides  virescens  frazari,  291 


Cacopoides  borealis,  91 
cacuniinatus,  Conus,  51 
caestuin,  Vasum,  459 
cahuilla,  Deltocephalus,  417 
Calathus  guadalupensis,  323 

obscurus,  322 
calcifer,  Spondylus,  477 
California  Brown  Pelican,  290 

Gray   Whale,   301 

Horned  Lark,  297 

Sea  Lion,  304 
californianus,  Geococcyx,  296 

Tagelus,  479 

Zalophus,  304 
californica,  Aligia,  411,  412,  413 

Celia,  322 

Coccinella,  328 

Echinochama,  465 

Hippnoe,  480 

hypoleuca,   Aphelocoma,   298 

Nomia,   188 

Plesiastrea,  482 

Pseudomelecta,  201 

Siderastrea,  482 

vallicola,  Lophortyx,  294 

Vanduzeeina,  391,  392,  393 

Xylocopa,  214 
californicum,   Anthidium,  355,  356 
californicus  bennettii,  Lepus,  318 

magdalenae,  Lepus,  319 

martirensis,   Lepus,  318 

Pelecaius,  290 
Callanthidium,  365 

conspicuuni,  366 

formosum,  366 

forinosum  pratense,  3S6 

illustre,  365,  366 

illustre   serranum,   366 
calli,   Pecten  (Plagioctenium),   16,  17,  30 

(pl.  4) 
Callianassa  americana,  70 

parinasensis,  70 
callidus,  Pecten  (Plagioctenium),  20,  21, 

22.  32  (pl.  5) 
Calliopsis  coloradensis,  198 

pugionis,  197 

visaliensis,   195 
Calliostoma,  6 

(Eutrochus)   noduliferum,  49 
Callista   (Macrocallista)   dickersoni,  62 
callura,  Stelis,  212,  213 
calogaster,  Megachile  wootoni,  204 
caloosaensis.  Pinna,  476 
Calosoma  semilaeve,  322 
calurus,  Buteo  borealis,  279,  295 
Calypte  anna,  297 

costae,  297 
campanularum,  Gyrodroma,  206 


Camptobrochis  atriventris,   39S 
rufiventris,  395 
slevini,  395 

camura,  Dolium  (Malea),  51 

Malea,  450 
Cancellaria  (Aphera)  peruana,  49 

bradleyi,  49 

dariena,  444 

larkinii,  49 

obesa,  444,  484  (pi.  20) 

spatiosa,  49 

triangularis,  49 

urceolata,  444 
candidus,   Parthenicus,  401 
canescens,   Parthenicus,  402 
Canis  peninsulae,  303 
capitatus,  Dendryphantes,  134,  135,  136 
Caracara,  Audubon's,  295 

Guadalupe,  295 
carbonaria,  Eleodes,  380,  385 
Carcharodon  arnoldi,  483,  490  (pl.  23) 
Cardiidas,  462 
Cardinal,  San  Lucas,  300 
Cardinalis  cardinalis  igneus,  300 
cardinalis   igneus,   Cardinalis,  300 
Cardium,  462 

affine,  62 

affinis,   62 

pertenue,  62 

procurvatum,  62 

sp.  ind.,  62 

spiekeri,  48,  62,  65 

subaucanum,  63 

tenuimargo,  63 

(Trachycardium)  peruvianum,  62 
zorritensis,  63 

(Trigoniocardia)  affinis,  62 
carnifex,  Stelis,  212,  213 
carolinensis,  Pandion  haliaetus,  295 

Pellenes,  142 
Carpodacus  amplus,  298 

mcgregori,  279,  298 

mexicanus  dementis,  298 
frontalis,  298 
carrizensis,  Eusmilia,  481 

Porites,  481 
carrizoensis,    Pecten    (Pecten),   2,   3,    It, 

470 
Cassin's  Auklet,  280 

Cassis  subtuberosa,  444,  445,  484  (pl.  20), 
502  (pl.  29) 

sulcifera,  445 

tuberosa,  444,  445 
castigatorius,   Diplocephalus,   115 
catalinensis,   Halictus   (Seladonia),   191 
cataractes,  Pecten   (Pecten),  2,  3,  9 
Cathartes   aura   septentrionalis,  295 
Catoptrophorus  semipalmatus  inornatus, 

292 
Catorama  pusillum,  340 


572 


CALIFORHIA   ACADEMY    OP    SCIEHCES 


[Proc.  4th  See. 


cavachana,    Macrocallista,   47,   48,   66,   72 

(pi.  7) 
cayennensis,   Donax  cf.,  6 
Cedros  Island  Cottontail,  319 

White-footed  Mouse,  314 

White-tailed  Deer,  319 

Wood  Rat,  316 
cedrosensis,  Peromyscus  eremicus,  314 
Celia  califomica,  322 
Centrioptera  pectoralis,  330 

spiculifera,   330 
Centurus  uropygialis  brewsteri,  296 
Cephalapis  jacintana,  206 
Ceraticelus  creolus,  109,  110  (fig.) 

emertoni,  109 

nubiliceps,  110 
Ceratina  dupla,  215 

nanula,  214,  215 

pacifica,  215 

tejonensis,   214 
Ceratinopsis  anglicanus,   110 

atolmus,  110,  111   (fig.) 
Cerenopus  concolor,  332 
Cerianthidium  inerme,  361 
Cerithium  chatwini,  49 

grillanum,   50 

incisum,  445 

infranodatum,   50 

laviusculum,  50 

negritosesnse,  SO 

paytense,  50,  52 

paytensis,   42 
cerroensis   [cerrosensis],   Odocoileus,  266 
cerrosensis   mendenhalli,    Pecten    (Plagi- 
octenium),  2,  3,  16,  19,  20,  24,  (pi.  1) 

Odocoileus,   319 

Odocoileus  [cerroensis],  266 

Pecten    (Plagioctenium)     15,    16, 
19,  20,  21,  22,  34   (pi.  6),  473 

Sylvilagus  bachmani,  319 
Chama   frondosa,   463 
chamjesarachae,  Perdita,  192 
Qiamberlin,     Ralph    V.,    Expedition    to 
the   Gulf   of   California    in    1921,    The 
Phalangida,   171 
Chamberlin,      Ralph     V.,     New     North 

American  Spiders,   105 
Charadrius  nivosus,  294 

semipalmatus,   294 
charana,  Turritella,   57 
charanensis.  Area   (Scapharca),  60 

Crassatellites,  64 
chatwini,  Cerithium,  49 
Cbelostoma,  205 

australis,  206 
Cbeloetomopsis,  205 

australis,   206 
nanus,  206 

rubifloris,   205,   206 

rubifloris  edwardsii,  206 


Chelynia  chlorocyanea,  208,  211 

elegans,  209 

fragariella,  209,  211 

frcuaciscana,  207,  211 

holocyanea,  209,  211 

leucotricha,  208,  211 

nitidula,  210,  211 

pavonina,  207,  208,  209 

pulchra,   210 

rubi,  207,  211 

rubifloris,  205 

subcarulea,  209,  210 

subglauca,  210,  211 
cheriway,   Polyborus,  295 
childreni,   Phacoides,  474,  475 
chilensis,   Ostrea,  468 
chiloensis,  Dactylina,  65 
chinensis,  Rana,  92 
Chione,  5,  6 

(Chione)   angelana,   Chione,  63 
Chione  (Chione)  angelana,  63 

propinqua,  63 
(Chione)   columbensis,  Venus,  70 
Chione  (Lirophora)  hendersonii,  63 

latilirata,  63 
(Chione)  propinqua,  Chione,  63 
Chione  sechuntana,  47,  48,  63,  72  (pi.  7) 

sp.   ind.,  63 

variabilis,  63 
chionura,    Exomalopsis   (Anthophorula), 

203 
Chlidonias   nigra    surinaniensis,   283 
clilorina,   Exomalopsis,  203 
chlorocyanea,  (Thelynia,  208,  211 
chlororhynchus,    Pufiinus,   285 
chocolatum.   Purpura,  54 
cholana.   Area  (Noetia),  60 
Chordeiles  acutipennis  inferior,  296 
Chrysodomus,  5 
Cicindela  hsemorrhagica,  322 

latisignata,  322 

sigmoidea,  322 
cinerascens  pertinax,  Myiarchus,  297 

Sylvilagus  bachmani,  319 
cineritius,   Peromyscus   maniculatus,  31S 
circularis,    Pecten    (Plagioctenium),   2, 

3,  473 
Cistelid.  sp.  ind.,  328 

citrinellum,  Anthidiellum   robertsoni,  362 
citrinifrons,  Hylaeus,   186,   187 

Prosopis,   187 
Cixius  basalis,  404,  405 
cultus,   405 
prsccox,  405 

vandykei,  404 
classicus,  Oxyopes,   126  (fig.) 
clathrata,  Neriene,  119,  120 
Clavella  solida,  50,  56 
clavidens,  Venericardia,  69 
Oavilithes  ( ?)  atahuallpai,  44,  48,  50,  72 
(pl.  7) 


Vol.  XIV] 


I\D£X 


573 


Clavilithes  burtti,  44,  48,  50,  72  (pi.  7) 

harrisi,  SO 

incertus,  50 

paciiicus,  50 

peruvianus,  50 
claypolei,  Perdita,  193 
dementia  dariena,  63,  65 

sp.,  cf.  dariena,  63 
dementis,  Carpodacus  mexicanus,  298 
Cleomella  obtusifolia,  I'M 
cleomellae,   Perdita,   193 
Cliff  Swallow,  300 
Clypeaster  bowersi,  431,  -479 

deserti,  479 
coalingensis,   Pecten,   10 
Coccinella  californica,  328 
coccinea,  Neriene,  118,  119,  123 
cochleiformis,  Turritella,  41,  57,  72  (pi.  7) 
Cockerel!,  T.  D.  A.,  Anthidiine  Bees  in 
the     Collection     of     the     California 
Academy  of  Sciences,  345 
Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.,  Bees  in  the  Collec- 
tion  of  California   Academy   of   Sci- 
ences, 185 
Codakia  colpoica,  463 

tigerina,  463 
Coelenterata,  70 
Coelocnemis  dilaticollis,  338 

magna,   338 

obesa,  338 

slevini,  337 
Ccelotaxis  punctulata,  336 
colei,  Aligia,  412 
Colletes  americana,  186 

andrewsi,  186 

dalese,  186 

myroni,   185 

slevini,  185 
Collopoma  lineatum,  56 
coloradensis,   Calliop.sis,   198 

Eleodes,  377,  378,  380 

Mesamia,  410 
colpoica,  Codakia,  463 
Coluber  spinalis,  98 
Columbella  buccata,  50 

longistoma,  SO 

paytana,  48,  50 

turrita,  50 
columbensis,  Venus  (Chtone),  70 
columnaris,   Solenastrea   fairbanksi,   482 
Common  Dolphin,  302 
communicans,  Oxyopeidon,  128  (fig.) 
compactum,  Anthidiellum,  362 
compactus,  Deltocephalus,  418 
concinna.  Eleodes,  378,  381 
concinnula,  Parandrena,  187 
concolor,  Cercnopus,  332 
condylomatus,   Pecten,  5 
confinis,  Eleodes  dentipes,  385,  387 
Conibius  guadalupensis,  337 
connexa,  Eleodes  hi.spilabris,  384 


Conosanus,  422 

conquistadorana,    Turritella,    41,    43,    57, 

72  (pi.  7) 
consimile,  Dianthidium,  363,  364 
conspicuuni,  Callanthidium,  366 
conspicuus,   Hylxus,   186 
constricta,  Eleodes  parvicollis,  388 
contingens,    Pellens,   139,   140   (fig.) 
contrarasi,   Deltocephalus,  418 
contrastus,  Orthotylus,  400 
Contribution  to  the  Tertiary   Paleontol- 
ogy  of    Peru,    by    G.    Dallas    Hanna 
and  Merle  C.  Israelsky,  37 
Contributions    to    Oriental    Herpetology, 

II.  Korea  or  Chosen,  by  Joseph  R. 
Slevin,  89 

Contributions    to   Oriental    Herpetology, 

III.  Russian   Asia   and    Manchuria, 
by  Joseph  R.   Slevin,  101 

Conus,  6 

berryi,  50 

bocapanensis,  51 

cacuminatus,  51 

fergusoni,  446,  486  (pi.   21) 

haytensis,  446 

(Lithoconus)   sp.,  51 

molis,  446 

molis  bravoi,  51 

multiliratus  var.   gaza,   51 

planiliratus,  447 

regularis,  447,  486  (pi.  21) 

sp.  ind.,  51 
cooperi,  Terebra,  458 
coosensis,  Pecten  (Patinopecten),  2,  4 
coquilletti,   Exomalopsis,  203 
cora   aequicincta,   Pitaria  (Lamelli- 

concha),  68 
coralanum,  Sinum,  54 
Corals,  480 
Corbula   (Albidis)  bradleyi,  64 

(Aloidis)    prenuncia,    64 

arnoldi,  64 

(Cuneocorbula)  acutirostra.  63 
bravoana,  64 
fabiformis,  64 
propinqua,  64 

lanceolata,  64 

parinasensis,  64 

peruviana,  64 

sp.  ind.,  64 

talarana,  48,  64 

waringi,  64 

woodsi,  47,  48,  64,  72  (pi.   7) 
cordata,  Eleodes,  389 
Cormorant,  Brandt's,  288,  289 

Farallon,  288 
coronis,  Natica,  46,  48,  53,  74  (pi.  8) 
corrugata,   Haliotus,  248 
Corvus  covax  sinuatus,  298 
Costa's  Hummingbird,  297 
costae,  Calypte,  297 


574 


CAUFORHIA   ACADBMT    OP    SCIENCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser. 


costata,  Barnea,  462,  500  (pi.  28) 

Morgania,  53 
costatus,  Rhagodera,  326 
costipennis,  Argoporis,  331 

Tonibiastes,  337 
Cottontail,  Ash-colored,  319 

Cedros  Island,  319 
covax  sinuatus,  Corvus,  298 
covilleas,   Parthenicus,  403 
Coyote,   Peninsula,   303 
crassa.  Area  (Anadara)  toroensis,  61 

Ashmeadiella,  207 
Crassatella  gibbosa,  65,  464 
Crassatellites  charanensis,  64 

gibbosa,  65 

gibbosus,  463,  464 

mediamericanus,  464 

pizarroi,  46,  48,  65,  72  (pi.  7) 

reevei,  464 

(Scambula)  berryi,  46,  64 

(Scambula)  nelsoni,  65,  70 

subgibbosus,   463,   464,    500  (pi.  28) 
crassicardo,    Pecten    (Lyropecten),   2,   3 
crassisepta,  Dichoccenia  merriami,  481 
crassiuscula,  Volutospina,   59 
Cratidus  rotundicollis,  338 
crawfordi  crawfordi,  Notiosorex,  303 

Notiosorex  crawfordi,  303 
creatopus,  Puffinus,  284,  285 
creolus,  Ceraticelus,   109,  110  (fig.) 
Creophilus  villosus,  323 
Crepidula  onyx,  448 

sp.  ind.,  51 
crescens.  Area  (Scapharca),  60 
cressonii,  Dianthidium,  366 
Crickmay,    C.    H.,    A    Note   on   Two   of 

Hyatt's  Ammonites,  77 
crinipes,  Scellus,  176,  177,  179  (fig.),  181 

(fig.) 
crissalis  senicula,   Pipilo,  300 
cristobalensis,     Pecten    (Plagioctenium), 

19,  20,  28  (pi.  3) 
crossmani,  Vermiceras,  77,  78,  80  (pi.  9) 
Crotalus  exsul,  264 
Crucibulum   inerme,  51 

spinosum,   448 
Crustacea,  70 
Cryptadius  inflatus,  328 
(Cryptohalictoides)    spiniferus,    Halicto- 

ides,  199 
cubanum,  Oxyopeidon,  127,  128,  129  (fig.), 

130 
cucullatum,    Anthidiellum,    362 
cultus,  Cixius,  405 
Cuma  alternata,  51,  55 
(Cunearca)   sp.   ind..  Area,  62 

zorritensis.  Area,  62 
(Cuneocorbula)    acutirostra,   Corbula,   63 

bravoana,  Corbula,  64 

fabiformis,   Corbula,  64 

propinqua,   Corbula,   64 


cunicularia  hypogaea,  Speotyto,  296 
cupressi,   Orthotylus,   399 
Curlew,   Hudsontan,  293 

Long-billed,  293 
cyanosoma,   Diandrena,   187,  188 
Cyathodonta  dubiosa,  466 

undulata,  466 
Cydamus  abditus,  394 

femoralis,  394 
cynosurse,  Squatarola  squatarola,  293 
Cyprsea  ang^ustirima,  51 
Cyrtolobus  acutus,  409 

inermis,  408,  409 

pictus,  408,  409 

vau,  408 
Cytherea  affinis,  65 

planivieta,  65 


Dactylina  chiloensis,  65 
daleae,  CoUetes,  186 
dariena,  Cancellaria,  444 

Clementia,  63,  65 

Clementia  sp.  of.,  63 
dariensis,  Mactra,  5 
darwini,   Psammobia,  68 
davidsoni,  Halictoides,  199 
decussata,  Ficus,  449,  486  (pi.  21) 
Deer,  Cedros  Island  White-tailed,  319 
deleta,   Eleodes,  383 
delicatissima,   Dosinia   (Dosinidea),  65 
delicatus,  Pissonotus,  407 
Delphinus  delphis,  302 
delphis,  Delphinus,  302 
Deltocephalus  cahuilla,  417 

compactus,  418 

contrarasi,   418 

discessus,  416 

miscellus,   417 

nigriventer,  418 

signatifrons,    416 

zephyrius,  418 
demensus,  Orthotylus,  398 
demonologicus,    Tortembolus,     115,     117, 

118  (fig.) 
Dendrophyllia   peruviana,   70 
Dendryphantes  seneolus,   135,  138 

apachecus,  136,   137   (fig.) 

capitatus,   134,  135,  136 

mathetes.  136,  138,  139  (fig.) 

nielanomerus,   136,  138,  139 

mimus,  135  (fig.) 

mylothrus,  134   (fig.) 

sausalitanus,     135,     136,     137,     138 
(fig.) 
densicinctus,   Pecten,  68 
Dentalium,  83 

hannai,  84.  85,  86  (pi.  10) 

inversum,   84 

sectuni,  84 


Vol.  XIV] 


IKDEX 


575 


Dentalium   semipolitum,  R3,  84 

vallicolens,  85,  86   (pi.   10) 
dentichelis,   Bathyphantes,   123   (fig.) 
dentipes  confinis,   Eleodes,  385,  387 
Eleodes,  385 

marinje,  Eleodes,  386,  387 
Riontana,  Eleodes,  385 
perpunctata,  Eleodes,  385,  387 
tularensis,    Eleodes,   385,  386,   387 
Dermestes  vulpinus,  325 
Desert  Sparrow,  300 
desert i,  Clypeaster,  479 

Pecten  (Plagioctenium),  2,  3,  17, 
430,  470,  471,  473,  494,  (pi.  25) 
deserticola,  Amphispiza  bilineata,  300 
diabolus,    Platyinetopius,   413 
Diadasia  australis,  204 
nigrifrons,    204 
nigrifrons  epileuca,  203,  204 
nigrifrons  nerea,  204 
diana,  Mesamia,  410 
Diandrena  cyanosoma,  187,  188 
nothocalaidis,  187,  188 
perchalybea,  187,  188 
Dianthidium,  361,  365 
balH,  366 

consimile,  363,  364 
cressonii,  366 
parvum,   364,  365 
parvum  baculifrons,  365 
provancheri,  362,  364,  365 
pudicum,  363 
sayi,  362 

singulare,  362,  363 
singulare  melanognathum,  363 
singulare  perluteum,   363 
Diastema  americanum,  51 
Dicheirus  piceus,  323 
Dichoccenia  merriami,  481 

merriami  crassisepta,  481 
dickersoni,   Callista    (Macrocallista),   62 
Macrocallista,  66 
Turritella,  57 
diegensis,  Pecten,  470 
Dientomochilus  (Ectinochilus)  cf.  laque- 

ata,  51 
difformis,   Eleodes   nigrina,   389 
digueti,  Agapostemon,  191 
dilaticollis,  Coelocnemis,  338 

Eleodes   manni,  388,  389 
dilleri,    Pecten    (Patinopecten),  2,    4 
dimorphica,   Melanatria,  52 
Dinodon  rufozonatum,  99 
Diomedea   albatrus,  283 

nigripes,  283 
dione,   Elaphe,   98 
Diplocephalus  castigatorius,   115 
Diploria  bowersi,  481 
Dipodomys  merriami  parvus,  318 

platycephalus,  318 
discalis,   Parthenicus,   403 


discesEus,   Deltocephalus,  416 
discincta,  Eleodes,  333,  334 
discolor,  Teratocoris,  400 
discus,    Pecten,   17 
dislocata,  Terebra,  456 
Dismodicus  alpinus,  115 

bifrons,   115 
dispersa,   Eleodes,   383 
dissimilis,  Eleodes,  380 
distans,  Haimesiastraea,  70 
distinguenda,  Melanophthalma,  326 
divaricata,   Lucina,  66 
Divaricella  eburnea,  464,  496  (pi.  26) 
divisum,  Anthidium,  350,  351 

nanulum,   Anthidium,   350,  351 

ornatifrons,    Anthidium,    350,    351 
dogmatica,   Neriene,   119,   120  (fig.) 
Dolichopodidse,   176 
Dolium   (Malea)  camura,  51 

sp.  ind.,  51 
dolius,  Anicius,    131,   132    (fig.) 
Dolphin,  Common,  302 
doma.    Area    (Scapharca)    singewaldi,   61 
Donax  cf.  cayennensis,  6 
Dosinia   (Dosinidea)   delicatissima,   65 
grandis,  65 

lenticula,  65 

dunkeri,   465 
(Dosinidea)    delicatissima,   Dosinia,  65 

grandis,   Dosinia,   65 
douvillei,  Turritella,   57 
Dove,  Western  Mourning,  294 
Dryobates  scalaris  lucasanus,  296 
dubiosa,  Cyathodonta,  466 
Duck  Hawk,  295  i 

Duck,  Ruddy,  290 
dunkeri,  Dosinia,  465 
dupla,  Ceratina,  215 
duplex,  Eurypelma,  106,  107  (fig.) 


ebenina,   Argoporis,   330,  331 

Ebo,  125 

eburnea,  Divaricella,   464,  496  (pi.  26) 

Vermicularia,   460 
Echinochama  antiquata,  465 

arcinella,  465 

californica,  465 
Echinocyamus  intermedius,  70 
Echinodermata,  479 
Echinoidea,   70 

(Ectinochilus)    cf.    laqueata,    Dientomo- 
chilus, 51 
edentuloides,  Lucina,  466 
edwardsii,    Chelostomopsis    rubifloris,  206 

lateralis,   Spinoliella,   195,   196,   197 

Spinoliella,  195,  197 
ehrhorni,  Anthidiellum,   362 
eiseni,  Anthidiellum,   362 
Elaphe  dione,  98 


576 


CALIFORNIA    ACADEMY    OP    SCIEHCES 


[Proc.  4th  Sea. 


Slaphe  rufodorsata,  % 

schrenckii,  97,   102 
elata,  Natica,  53 
elegans,  Chelynia,  209 

Sterna,  282 
Elegant  Tern,  282 
Eleodes,  369 

adumbrata,  332,  333 
arata,  384 

armata,  334,  335,  336 
asperata,  382 
carbonaria,  380,  385 
coloradensis,  377,  378,  380 
concinna,  378,  381 
cordata,   389 
deleta,  383 
dentipes,  385 

confinis,  385,  387 

marinae,   386,   387 

montana,  385 

perpunctata,   385,  387 

tularensis,  385,  386,  387 
discincta,  333,  334 
dispersa,  383 
dissimilis,  380 
eschscholtzii,  333 
fuscipilosa,  376,  377,  378,  330 
gigantea,    334 
hispilabris,  384,   385 

connexa,  384 

nupta,   384,   385 
horni,  389 

monticola,  389 
humeralis,  374,  378,  380,  381 

forma    granulatomuricata,    3K1 

jorma  tuberculomuricata,  380 
inepta,  334,  335 
inflata,  333 
insularis,    332 
longicoUis,   334 
lucae,  333 
manni,  388,  389 

dilaticollis.  388,  389 

variolosa,  389 
mazatzalensis,  379,  380 
militaris,  332,  334 
morbosa,  335,  336 
neomexicana,  382,  383 
nigrina,  389 

difformis,  389 

nevadensis,  390 

perlonga,   389 

schwarzi,   389 
obscura,  383 

glabriuscula,  383,  3S4 
obsoleta    forma    punctata,    378 
omissa,  335,  385,  389 
parowana,  374,  375 

mitnica,  375 
parvicollis,  389 

alticola,  387,  388 


Eleodes,  parvicollis  constricta,  388 
planata,  387,  388 
producta,  387 
trita,  387,  388 

pedinoides,  375,  382,  383 

planipennis,  390 

porcata,  375 

pygmaea,  332 

quadricoUis,    373,    374,     375,    376, 
377,  385 
lassenica,  373,  374,  375 

reducta,  377,  378 

rileyi,  380 

sierra,  389 

speculicollis,  382,  383 

sulcipennis,   384 

tricostata,  375,  376 

wenzeli,  381 
Elephant  Seal,  309 
emarginata  mighelsi,  Lymnaea,  148 
emarginaturn,   Anthidium,   349,   354,   357 

atripes,  Anthidium,  346,  354 
Embaphion,  390 
emertoni,  Ceraticelus,  109 
Encope  tenuis,  479 
engonatum,  Vasutn  haitensis,  460 
Enhydra  lutris  nereis,  303 
eocenica,  Olivancillaria,  53 

Thaumastoplax,  70 
Eovasum  peruvianum,  51 
epicureana,   Eurypeltna,    107,    108    (fig.) 
epileuca,  Diadasia  nigrifrons,  203,  204 
Epimys  rattus  alexandrinus,  316 
equestris,  Mitrularia,  451 
equina,  Spinoliella,   196,   197,  202 
Eremias   argus,  95 
eremicus    cedrosensis,    Peromyscus,    314 

polypolius  (?),   Peromyscus,  314 
Ereunetes  mauri,  292 
Ericrocis  arlzonensis,  201 
Erigone,   124 

Eriogonum   fasciculatum,   193 
Erismatura  jamaicensis,  290 
erosus,  Megasattus,  336 
errans,  Xanthopsis,  70 
eschscholtzii,  Eleodes,  333 
escondidum,   Liobunum,   171 
Espiritu  Santo  Heron,  291 
essigi,  Lygidea,  394 
Estola   sordida,   341 
estrellanus,  Pecten,  472 
etchegoini,  Pecten,  474 
euglyphus,   Mytilus,  67 
Eurypelma  duplex,  106,  107  (fig.) 

epicureana,  107,   108  (fig.) 

lanceolatum,  108 

longipes,   107 

serrata,  107 

stoica,  109  (fig.) 

vagans,   108 
(Eurytellina)  aequicincta,  Tellina,  69 


Vol.  XIV] 


DiDBX 


577 


Euscelis,  422 

almus,   421 
finitimus,  422 

frigidus,   421,  422 
gentilis,  420 

relativus,  420 
shastus,  420 
Eusmilia   carrizensis,   481 

solida,  481 
Euspira,  49 
Eutettix,  422 

bartschi,  422 
subjenea,  422 
(Eutrochus)  noduliferum,  Calliostoma,  49 
evadens,  Microneta,  120,  121   (fig.) 
Evennann,    Barton    Warren,    Report    of 

the  Director  for  the  Year  192S,  521 
excavata,  Metis,  467,  490  (pi.  23) 
excentricus,  Sigaretus,  54 
exclamans  atramentata,  Perdita,  194 
imperialis,   Perdita,   193 
Perdita,   193 
exigfuus,    Sylvilagus   bachmani,   319 
Exochomus  fasciatus,  328 
exoleta,  Terebra,  458 

Exomalopsis     (Anthophorula)     chionura, 
203 

chlorina,  203 
coquilletti,  203 
pulchelia.  202 

arida,  202,  203 
similis,  202 
texana,  203 
Expedition  to  Guadalupe  Island,  Mexico, 
in    1922;   The    Birds    and    Mammalf!, 
by  A.   W.   Anthony,   277 
Expedition  to  Guadalupe  Island,  Mexico, 
in  1922;  The  Coleoptera,  by  Frank  E. 
Blaisdell,  Sr.,  321 
Expedition  to  Guadalupe  Island,  Mexico, 
in  1922;  General  Report,  by  G.   Dal- 
las Hanna,  217 
Expedition  to  the  Gulf  of  California   in 
1921.    The  Phalangida,  by  Ralph  V. 
Chamberlin,  171 
exsul,  Crotalus,  264 


fabiformis,    Corbula    (Cuneocorbula),   64 
fairbanksi   columnaris,    Solenastrea,   482 

minor,   Solenastrea,   482 

norinalis,  Solenastria,  483 

Solenastrea,  482 

Stephanocaenia,  482 
Falco  peregrinus  anatum,  295 
Farallon  Cormorant,  288 
farinosus,  Halictus,  190 
fasciatum,  Lophocarenum,  115 
fasciatus,  Exochomus,  328 

Ipochus,  341 


fasciatus,  Tortembolus,  115 
fasciculatum,   Eriogonum,   193 
Fasciolaria  gigantea,  448 

papillosa,  448 

princeps,  448 
Faunus  (?)  lagunitensis,  52 

paytense,  52,  74  (pi.   8) 

paytensis,  42,  50,  52 
Favia  merriami,  481 
fedoa,  Limosa,  292 
femoralis,  Cydamus,  394 
fergusoni,  Conus,  446,  486  (pi.  21) 
Ficus,  449 

decussata,  449,  486  (pi.  21) 
fidelis,  Megachile,  204 
filicincta,    Turritella    (Haustator),   57 

varicosta,    Turritella,    41,    57,    74 

(pl.  8) 
Financial  Statements,  560 
Finback  Whale,   Pacific,  301 
Finch,  Guadalupe  House,  298 

House,  298 

McGregor's  House,  298 

San  Clemente  House,  298 
finitimus,  Euscelis,  422 
fischeri,  Onychodactylus,  89 
(fisherola)  lancides,   Lanx,  150,   168 

(pl.   14) 
fissicosta,   Area   (Scapharca),  60 
flavicaudum,  Anthidium,  359 
flebilis,  Anisotarsus,  323 
florisomnis,  Gyrodroma,  206 
florissantella,   Perdita,  194 
Flycatcher,  Lower  California,  297 

Say's,  297 
fontis,  Anthidium,  348,  351 
Foraminifera,  71 

Fork-tailed  Petrel,  Swinhoe's,  287 
Formicapis,  206 
formosum,    Callanthidium,    366 

pratense,  Callanthidium,  366 
Forster's  Tern,  283 
forsteri,  Sterna,  283 
fragariella,  Chelynia,  209,  211 
fragariellum,     Anthidium     bemardinum, 
352,  353 

Anthidium  pecosense,  351,  353 

wilsoni,  Anthidium  pecosense,  355 
franciscaota,  Chelynia,  207,  211 
Frazar's  Green  Heron,  291 

Oystercatcher,   294 
frazari,  Butorides  virescens,  291 

Hsematopus,  294 
Fregata  aquila,  290 
fremonti,  Stelis,  213 
fresnoense,  Anthidium,  347,  348,  351 
frigidus,   Euscelis,   421,  422 
frondosa,  Chama,  463 
frontalis,  Carpodacus  mexicanus,  298 
fulicarius,  Phalaropus,  291 
Fulmar,  284 


578 


CALIFORNIA   ACADEMY    OF   SCIENCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Fulmarus  glacialis,  284 
fulvidorsum,  CEcleus,  406 
furcatus,  Strombus,  55 
Fur  Seal,   Guadalupe,  306 
fuscipilosa,  Eleodes,  376,  377,  378,  380 
Fusus  inflatus,  52 

paytensis,   52 

talaraensis,  48,  52 


Gabb,  450 

gabbi,  Ampullina,  49 

Labiosa  (Raeta),  66 

Natica   (Ampullina),  49 
gabbiana,  Turritella  (Haustator),  57 
galeatus,  Strombus,  454 
gallus,  Ostrea,  67 
Gastropoda,  49,  442 
gausapata  herviderana,  Terebra,  55 

Terebra,  455,  456,  488  (pi.  22) 
gaza,  Conus  multiliratus  var.,  51 
generosa,  Panope,  470 
gentilis,  Euscelis,  420 
Geoclemys  reevesii,  100 
Geococcyx  californianus,  296 
geronimensis,    Peromyscus   maniculatus, 
315 

Phoca  richardii,  308 
gesteri,  Melanatria,  42,  48,  52,  74  (pi.  8) 
gibbosa,  Crassatella,  65,  464 

Crassatellites,  65 

Rata,  5,  68 
gibbosus,  Crassatellites,  463,  464 
gibbus,  Tagelus,  69 
giffardi,  Pissonotus,  407 
giffardiellus,  Hylxus,  186 
gigantea,  Eleodes,  334 

Fasciolaria,  448 

Glycymeris,  466 
gilense,  Anthidiellum,  362 
glabriuscula,  Eleodes  obscura,  383,  384 
glacialis,   Fulmarus,  284 
glaucus,  Rhachianectes,  301 
Glycymeris  gigantea,  466 

paytensis,  62,  65,  68 
Godwit,   Marbled,  292 
Goldfinch,   Green-backed,  299 
gothica,   Turritella,   57 
gracilior,  Strombus,  454 
gracilis,   Olivella,   453 
grammaticus,  Pellenes,  140  (fig.) 
Grampus,  302 

griseus,  302 
grandis,   Dosinia   (Dosinidea),  65 

Meoma,  480 
granulata,  Architectonica,  442 
granulatomuricata,     Eleodes     humeralis 

forma,  381 
granulatus,  Strombus,  454,  455 
Gray  Shrew,  303 
Greater  Yellow-legs,  292 


Green  Heron,  Frazar's,  291 
Green-backed  Goldfinch,  299 
grex,  Parthenicus,  403 
grillanum,  Cerithium,  50 
grindeliarum,   Megachile,  204,  205 
grisea,  Hamataliwa,  128,  129 
griseus.  Grampus,  302 

Puffinus,  285 
Ground  Squirrel,  Lower  California,  318 
Grunsky,  C.  E.,  Report  of  the  President 
of  the  Academy    for   the   Year   1925, 
505 
Guadalupe  Caracara,  295 

Fur  Seal,  306 

House  Finch,  298 

Junco,  300 

Petrel,  286 
guadalupense,    Platynus    (Leucagonum), 

323 
guadalupensis,  Calathus,  323 

Conibius,   337 

Helops,  338 

Scymnus,   327 
Guara  alba,  290 
Gull,  Heermann's,  281,  282 

Sabine's,  281 

Western.  280 
guttatus,  Passerculus  rostratus,  299 
guttifera,  Struthiolaria,  55 
Gyrodroma,  205 

campanularum,  206 

florisomnis,  206 

nigricornis,  205 

H 

Ha?matopus  bachmani,  294 

frazari,  294 
hsemorrhagica,  Cicindela,  322 
Haimesiastraea  distans,  70 

humilis,  70 

peruviana,  70 
haitensis  engonatum,  Vasum,  460 

Ostrea,   469 

Vasum,  459 
hakei,  Pecten  (Plagioctenium),  18,  19,  30 

(pl.  4) 
haliaetus  carolinensis,  Pandion,  295 
Halictoides      (Cryptohalictoides)      spini- 
ferus,  199 

davidsoni,   199 

holocyaneus,  199 

mulleri,   199 

spilurus,  200 

virgatus,   199 

viridescens,   2(X) 
Halictus  aquilae,  189 

arizonensis,   190 

aspilurus,   190 

farinosus,    190 

lerouxii,  190 

ovaliceps,  190 


Vol.  XIV] 


IHDEX 


579 


Halictus  pavonotus,  188 

(Seladonia)   catalinetisis,   191 
vanduzeei,    191 

Haliotus  corrugata,  248 

Halocypteua  microsoma,  285 

Hamataliwa  grisea,  128,   129 

hatnatum,  Anthidium,   358,  359 

hamatus,   Orthotylus,  397,  398 

Hanna,  G.  Dallas,  Expedition  to  Guada- 
lupe Island,  Mexico,  in  1922;  General 
Report,  217 

Hanna,  G.  Dallas,  Paleontology  of  Coy- 
ote Mountain,  Imperial  County,  Cali- 
fornia, 427 

Hanna,  G.  Dallas,  and  Merle  C.  Israel- 
sky,  Contribution  to  the  Tertiary 
Paleontology  of   Peru,  37 

hannai,   Dentaliuin,  84,  85,  86   (pi.   10) 
Stibia,  329,  330 

Harbor  Seal,  San  Geroxiimo,  308 

Harris's  Hawk,  295 

harrisi,  Clavilithes,   SO 

Parabuteo  untcinctus,  295 

hartmanni,    Pecten    (Pecten),    8,    10,    24 

(pl.   1) 
PHarvella  sp.  ind.,  63,  65 
hastatus,  Pecten,  474 
(Haustator)  filicincta,  Turritella,  57 

gabbiana,  Turritella,  57 

robusta,  Turritella,  59 
Hawk,  Duck,  295 

Harris's,  295 
haytensis,  Conus,  446 
haytianum,  Oxyopeidon,   127   (fig.),   128 
Hebetancylus  moricandi,   145 
Heermann's  Gull,  281,  282 
heermanni,   Larus,  281 

Ostrea,   430,   467,  469,   488  (pl.  22), 
490  (pl.  23) 
heimi,  Pecten  (Pecten),  9,  10,  24  (pl.  1), 

28,  (pl.  3) 
helense,  Macrocallista,  47,  66 
Heller's   Pocket   Mouse,   316 
helleri,  Perognathus,  316 
Helops  benitensis,  339 

guadalupensis,  338 
helvinus,  Thamnotettix,  423 
Hemicardia   affinis,  62,  65 
hemphillii,  Pecten  (Pecten),  2,  3,  9,  10 
hendersonii,  Chione  (Lirophora),  63 
heretica,   Pardosa,   125,   126   (fig.) 
herodias  sanctilucae,  Ardea,  291 
Heron,  Espiritu  Santo,  291 

Frazar's   Green,   291 

Louisiana,  291 

Yellow- crowned  Night,  291 
Hertlein,  Leo  G.,  Pectens  from  the  ler- 

tiary  of  Lower  California,  1 
herviderana,  Terebra  gausapata,  55 

Transenella,  69 
Hesperapis  larreae,  198 


Hesperapis   leucura,   198 
pellucidus,  198 

hesperia,  Spinolieila,  196 
hesperiuni,  Anthidium,  346,  349,  351 
hesperophilus,    Astragalinus    prattria,  299 
liesperus  hesperus,   Pipistrellus,  303 

Pipistrellus  hesperus,  303 
Heteroscelus   incanus,  292 
Hippnoe  Californica,  480 
hirundo,  Azurina,  239 
hispaniolana,  Area  (Scapharca),  60 
hispilabris   connexa,    Eleodes,  384 

Eleodes,   384,  385 

nupta,   Eleodes,   384,  385 
holocyanea,  Chelynia,  209,  211 
holocyaneus,   Halictoides,   199 
Horned  Lark,  California,  297 
horni,   E'eodes,  389 

monticola,   Eleodes,  389 
hortensia,   Lutraria,  66 
House  Finch,  298 

Guadalupe,  298 
McGregor's,  298 
San  Clemente,  298 
House  Mouse,  316 
howardi,    Ashmeadiella,   206 
Hudsonian  Curlew,  293 
hudsonicus,  Numenius,  293 
humboldti,   Arnioceras,  79 
humeralis,  Eleodes,  374,  378,  380,  381 

forma  granulatomuricata,  Eleodes, 
381 

forma  tuberculomuricata,  Bteodes, 
380 
humerosa,  Turritella,  41 
humilis,   Haimesiastraea,  70 
Hummingbird,  Anna's,  297 

Costa's,  297 
Hydranassa  tricolor  ruficoUis,  291 
Hyla  aboria  immaculata,  91 

japonica,  91 
Hylaeus  asininus,  186 

citrinifrons,   186,   187 

conspicuus,    186 

giffardiellus,   186 

stevensi,   187 
Hynobius  keyserlingii,  101 

leechii,  89 
Hypanthidium,  365 
hypogsea,  Speotyto  cunicularia,  296 
hypoleuca,   Aphelocoma  californica,   29S 
hypoleucus,   Brachyramphus,  280 

I 

Ibis,  White,  290 

Icius,  131 

igneus,  Cardinalis  cardinalis,  300 

illustre,  Anthidium,  365 

Callanthidium,  365,  366 
serranum,  Callanthidium,  366 

Ilnocora,  399 


580 


CALIFORHIA   ACADEMY    OF   SCIENCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser. 


immaculata,  Hyla  aboria,  91 
imperialis,  Perdita  exclamans,  193 
Turritella,  4S7,  486  (pi.  21) 
imporcata.  Area  (Scapharca),  60 
impostor,   Pecten,  17 
impressa,  Argoporis,  330 
inca,  Ostrea,  67 

trita,  Turritella,  57 
Turritella,  57 
incanus,  Heteroscelus,  292 
incertus,  Clavilithes,   50 
incisa,   Lampania,   445 
incisum,  Cerithium,  445 
inconspicua,  Turritella,  58 

Turritella  prenuncia,  58 
inconspicuus,   Margus,  393 
inconstans,  Argoporis,  331 
incrassata,   Marginella,   52 

ovoidalis,  Amiantis,  60 
incus,  Pecten,  48,  68 
inepta,  Eleodes,  334,  335 
inerme,   Cerianthidium,  361 

Crucibulum,  51 
inermis,  Cyrtolobus,  408,  409 
inferior,  Chordeiles  acutipennis,  296 
inflata,   Eleodes,  333 
inflatus,  Cryptadius,  328 

Fusus,   52 
infracarinata,  Turritella,  58 

zorritoensis,   Turritella,    58 
infraliratus,     Potamides     ormei,     54 
infranodatum,    Cerithium,    50 
ingens,    Leda,    66 
innocens,     Trichochrous,     324 
inornatus,  Catoptrophorus  semipalmatus, 

292 
inscripta,  Aligia,  410,  411,  412,  413 
insignis,  Amara,  322 

Ortholeptura,  341 
insleyi,   Phacoides   (Pseudomiltha  ?),   68 
insularis,  Eleodes,  332 

Ipochus,  340,  341 
Junco,  300 
Nemognatha,  325 
intercostatus,   Pecten,  68 
intermedia  intermedia,  Neotoma,  315 
Neotoma  intermedia,  315 
pretiosa,  Neotoma,  315 
Intermediate  Wood   Rat,  315 
intermedius,  Agkistrodon  blomhoffii,   102 

Echinocyamus,  70 
interpres  morinella,  Arenaria,  294 
interserta,  Perdita,  194 
invalidus,    Pecten   (Plagiocteniuni),   2,   3 
inversum,  Dentalium,  194 
iowensis,  Agapostemon  texanus,  191 
Ipochus  fasciatus,  341 

insularis,  340,  341 
iridescens,  Ostrea,  67,  468,  496  (pi.  26) 


Israelsky,  Merle  C,  with  G.  Dallas 
Hanna,  Contribution  to  the  Tertiary 
Paleontology  of  Peru,  37 


jacintana,  Cephalapis,  206 

Jack   Rabbit,   Magdalena  Island,   319 

San  Pedro  Martir,  318 
Jaeger,  Parasitic,  280 
jamaicensis,   Erismatura,   290 
japonica,   Hyla   aboria,   91 

Rana,  93 
Jay,  Xantus's,  298 
Junco,  Guadalupe,  300 

insularis,  300 
juniperi,  Parthenicus,  403 


Kaeding's  Petrel,  286 

kaedingi,  Oceanodroma  leucorhoa,  286 

Kangaroo  Rat,  San  Bernardino,  318 

keepi,  Pecten  (Pecten),  2,  3,  7,  241 

keyserlingii,   Hynobius,   101 

Killdeer,  293 

Killer,    Black,  302 

klamathensis,  Lanx  (Walkerola),  149 


labiata,   Mitra,   52 
Labiosa  (R«ta)  gabbi,  66 
ventricosta,  66 
Lsevicardium,  62 
Ijeviusculum,   Cerithium,   .SO 
lagunitensis,  Faunus  (?),  52 
Nassa,  53 
Tympanotonus,    59 
(Lamelliconcha)  cora  sequicincta, 
Pitaria,  68 

planivieta,   Pitaria,   68 
Lampania   incisa,   445 
lanceolata,  Corbula,  64 

Strombina,   55 
lanceolatum,    Eurypelma,   108 
Lancidae,  143,  160 
lancides,    Lanx    (Fisherola),    ISO,    168 

(pl.  14) 
languidas,  Orthotylus,  398 
Lanx,   143 

alta,    143,    144,    148,    149,    150,    154, 
158 

(Fisherola)    lancides,   150,   168 

(pl.   14) 
patelloides,  149 
subrotundata,   143,   149 
(Walkerola)  klamathensis,  149 
laqueata,   Dientomochilus   (Ectinochilus) 
cf.,  51 

Littorina,  52 
laqueatus,   Pecten,  8 
laqueoratus,   Murex,   53 
Large-billed  Sparrow,  299 


Vol.  XIV] 


JNDEX 


581 


Largidea  marginata,   397 

pudica,  397 
Lark,  California  Horned,  297 
larkinii.  Area  (Scapharca),  W 

Cancellaria,  49 
larreae,  Hesperapis,   198 
Larus  heermanni,  281 

occidentalis,  280 
lassenica,   IJIeodes   quadricollis,  373,   374, 

375 
lateralis,  Natrix  tigrina,  102,  103 

Spinoliella  edwardsii,  195,  1%,  197 
latiareata,  Ostrea,  67 
laticeps,   Rhagodera,  326 
laticincta,  Stelis,  211,  213 
latilirata,  CItione  (Lirophora),  63 
latisignata,  Cicindela,  322 
latrania,   Pinna,  475,  477,  498   (pi.  27) 
latirugatus,   Phos   (  ?),  53 
Least  Petrel,  2S5 

Sandpiper,  292 

Tern,  283 
lecontei,  Pecten  (Pecten),  2,  3 
Leda  acuminata,  66 

acutisinuata,  66 

ingen.s,  66 

peruviana,   66 
leechii,  Hynobius,  89 
lenis,  Thamnotettix,  423 
lenticula,   Dosinia,   65 
Lepidocyclina  antiilea,  71 

(Nephrolepidina)   peruviana,    71 
Lepus   californicus  bennettii,   318 
magdalenae,  319 
:nartirensis,  318 
lerouxii,  Halictus,  190 
(Leucagonum)    guadalupense,    Platynus, 

323 
leuceres,   Pellenes,   141    (fig.) 
leucorhinum,  Anthidiellum,  361 
leucorhoa  kaedingi,  Oceanodroma,  286 
leucotricha,  Chelynta,  208,  211 
leucura,  Hesperapis,   198 
leucurus  peninsulse,  Ammospermophilus, 

318 
limbatus,  Spondylus,  477 
Limosa  fedoa,  292 
lineatum,  Collopoma,  56 
lineatus.  Turbo,  56 
Linyphiidse,  105,   109 
Liobunum  escondidum,  171 
Lion,   California   Sea,  3(M 
(Lirophora)  hendersonii,  Chione,  63 

latilirata,  Chione,  63 
lissoni,  Pseudoglauconia,  43,  54 

Turritella,    58 
(Lithoconus),  Conus,  51 
Lithophaga,   462 
Littorina  laqueata,  52 

scabra,  449 

varia,  449 


lobatus,  Lobipes,  291 
Lobipes  lobatus,  291 
Lonatura  niinuta,  423 

nana,  423 

pupa,  423 
I-ong-billed  Curlew,  293 
longicollis,  Eleodes,  334 
longipes,  Eurypelma,   107 
longistoma,  Columbella,  50 
Lophocarenum  fasciatum,   115 
Lophortyx  californica  vallicola,   294 
Louisiana  Heron,  291 
Lower  California  Antelope,  320 
Flycatcher,  297 
Ground  Squirrel,  318 
lucae,  Eleodes,  333 
lucasanus,  Dryobates  scalaris,  296 
lucidum,  Anthidium,  361 
Lucina  divaricata,  66 

edentuloides,  466 

paytensis,  66 

prosoptera,   66 

pulchella,  66 

talarana,  48,  66 
lunaris,  Ostrea,  67 
lunifrons  lunifrons,  Petrochelidon,  300 

Petrochelidon    lunifrons,    300 
lupinellum,  Anthidium,  355 
luteum,  Anthidiellum  strigatum,  361 
Lutraria  hortensia,  66 

vetula,  66 
lutris  nereis,   Enhydra,  303 
Lycosa,  126 
Lycosidae,  125 
Lygidea  essigi,  394 

morio,  395 

obscura,  394,  395 
Lymnsea,  151,  154,  157,  158 

auricularia,  158 

emarginata  mighelsi,   148 

ovata,  155,   156,   157,   158 

peregra,  158 

reflexa,  147,  158 

stagnalis,  147,  158,  159 
Lymnafidae,  143,  147,  160 
Lyropecten,  4 
(Lyropecten)  crassicardo,  Pecten,  2.  3 

modulatus,   Pecten,  11,   12,   28 
28  (pi.  3) 

pretiosus,   Pecten,   12.  26   (pi.   2), 
28  (pi.  3) 

M 

maackii,  Amyda,  100,  103 

Macrocallista   cavachana,   47,    48,    66,    72 

(pi.  7) 
(Macrocallista)    dickersoni,    Callista,   62, 

66 
Macrocallista  helenae,  47,  66 
macrodactyla,  Oceanodroma,  286 
Macron  philadelphicus,  44 


582 


CALIFORNIA    ACADEMY    OP    SCIENCES 


[Paoc.  4th  Ser. 


Macrorhinus  angustirostris,  309 
macroura  marginella,  Zenaidura,  294 
Mactra  dariensis,  S 

sp.   ind.,  66,  67 
zorritensis,  66,  67 
niacularia,   Actitis,  293 
inaculicollis,   Platynus,  323 
maculosa,  Metalia,  480 
maculosum,  Anthidium,  355 
Madripora  solida,  481 
Maandra  bowersi,  481 
Magdalena  Island  Jack  Rabbit,  319 

Pocket  Mouse,  317 
Magdalena  White-footed  Mouse,  315 
magdalens,   Lepus  californicus,  319 
Peromyscus  maniculatus,  315 
magna,  Coelocnemis,  338 

Morgania,   53 
Malea  camura,  450 
(Malea)  camura,  Dolium,  51 
Malea  ringens,  450,  486  (pi.  21) 

sp.  ind.,  52 
(Malea)  sp.  ind.,  Dolium,  51 
maniculatus  cineritius,   Peromyscus,   315 
geronimensis,    Peromyscus,    315 
magdalenae,   Peromyscus,   315 
Peromyscus,   315 
sonoriensis,  Peromyscus,  314 
manni  dilaticollis,  Eleodes,  388,  389 
Eleodes,  388,  389 
variolosa,  Eleodes,  389 
Man-o'-war-bird,  290 
Marbled  Godwit,  292 
Margarita   White-footed   Mouse,  314 
margaritae,  Trichochrous,  323 
marginata,  Largidea,  397 
marginatus,   Pissonotus,  407 
Marginella    incrassata,  52 

Zenaidura   macroura,   294 
Margus  inconspicuus,  393 
nigropunctatus,   393 
obscurator,  393 
repletus,  393 
mariana,  Terebra,  459 
marinse,  Eleodes  dentipes,  386,  387 
martini,  Terebra,  456 
martirensis,  Lepus  californicus,  318 
Mantancita  Wood  Rat,  315 
mathetes,  Dendryphantes,  136,  138,  139 

(fig.) 
mauri,  Ereunetes,  292 
maxima.  Sterna,  282 
mayi,   "Surcula,"   45,  48,   55,   72   (pi.   7) 
mazatzalensis,   Eleodes,  379,  380 
Mazyck,  453 
McAllister,  M.  Hall,  Treasurer's  Report 

for  1925,  560 
McGregor's  House  Finch,  298 
tncgregori,  Carpodacus,  279,  298 
mediacostatus.   Pecten,   472,  488   (pi.  22), 

492  (pi.  24) 


tnediamericanus,   Crassatellites,   464 
Megachile  fidelis,  204 

grindeliarum,  204,  205 
morio,  205 
perihirta,  204 
pugnata  ponionae,   204 
vandykei,  205 
wootoni  calogaster,  204 
Megasattus  erosus,  336 
Megasominus  thersites,  340 
Melanatria,  43 

acanthica,  52 
diniorphica,  52 
gesteri,  42,  48,   52,  74   (pi.   8) 
propinqua,  52 
venusta,  52 
melanderi  acus,  Nomia,  188 

Nomta,  188 
Melaneleodes,  375,  380,  382,  385 
melania,  Oceaiiodroma,  286,  287,  288 
melanocephala,  Arenaria,  294 
melanognathum,   Dianthidium  singiilare, 

363 
melanoleucus,   Aeronatites,   296 

Totanus,  292 
melanomerus,    Dendryphantes,    136,    138, 

139 
Melanophthalma  distinguenda,  326 
Melanostelis  betheli,  207 
meliloti,  Ashmeadiella,  207 
Melongena  mengeana,  453 

pallida,  453 
mendenhalli  minor,  Siderastrea,  482 
Pecten,  473,  494  (pi.  25) 
Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  cerrosen- 

sis,  2,  3.  16,   19,  20,  24  (pi.  1) 
Pinna,  476,  498  (pi.  27) 
Siderastrea,  482 
mengeana,  Melongena,  453 
mensse,  Triepeolus,  202 
Meoma  grandis,  480 
Meretrix  bosworthi,  66 
negritosensis,  67 
meridionalis,  Volutospina,  59 
merriami  crassisepta,  Dichocoenia,  481 
Dichocoenia,  481 
Favia,  481 

parvus,  Dipodomys,  318 
Turritella,  41 
Mesamia  coloradensis,  410 
diana,  410 
nervosa,  409,   410 
pagaina,  409 
Metalia  maculosa,  480 

spatagus.  480,  492  (pi.  24) 
Metis  excavata,  467,  490  (pi.  23) 
mexicanus  dementis,  Cari>odacus,  298 

frontalis,  Carpodacus,  298 
micaria,   Bathyphantes,  121,   122  (fig.), 
123 


Vol.  XIV] 


im>EX 


583 


Micrarionta  pandors,  272 

steanisiana,  247 
Microneta  evadens,  120,   121    (fig.) 
microsoma,  Halocypteiia,  285 
microsulcatus,  Solen,  69 
mighelsi,   Lymnaea  etnarginata,   148 
militaris,  Eleodes,  332,  334 
mimica,  Eleodes  parowana,  375 
mimus,   Dendryphantes,   135   (fig.) 
minor,  Siderastrea  mendenhalli,  482 

Solenastrea  fairbanksi,  482 
minuscula,  Nucula,  67 
minuta,  Lonatura,  423 
minutilla,   Pisobia,  292 
tnirus,   Scaphoideus,   419 
miscellus,  Deltocephalus,  417 
Mitra  labiata,  52 

sp.  ind.,  52 

sulcata,  450 
Mitrularia  equestris,  451 
modesta.  Area   (Noetia),  60 

occidentalis,  Aiigia,  413 
modulatus,    Pecten    (Lyropecten),    11,   12, 

28  (pi.  3) 
Modulus  unidens,  451 
moiinor,  Phidippus,  133  (fig.) 
molis,  Conus,  446 

bravoi,  Conus,  51 
monorhis,  Oceanodroma,  280,  287,  288 
montana,  Eleodes  dentipes,  385 

Stelis,  212,  213 
monticola,  Eleodes  horni,  389 
monticolens,  Spirembolus,  112  (fig-),   113 
montivagum,  Anthidium,  358 
modesta.  Area,  61 
morbosa,  Eleodes,  335,  336 
Morgania   eostata,   53 

magna,  53 
morieandi,  Hebetancylus,  145 
morinella,  Arenaria  interpres,  294 
mormonum,  Anthidium,  351,  352,  353,  358 
morio,  Lygidea,  395 

Megachile,   205 
mortoni,  Peeten,  471 
Mourning  Dove,  Western,  294 
Mouse,   Anthony's   Pocket,  317 

Ashy-gray  White-footed,  315 

Cedros  Island  White-footed,  314 

Heller's  Pocket,  316 

House,  316 

Magdalena  Island  Pocket,  317 

Magdalena  White-footed,  315 

Margarita  White-footed,  314 

San  Roque  White-footed,  315 

Sonoran   White-footed,    314 
Mulinia  zorritensis,  66,  67 
mulleri,  Halietoides,  199 
multiliratus  gaza,  Conus,  51 
munsteri,  Venus,  70 
Murex  laqueoratus,  53 
murieatum,   Vasum,  459 


Murreiet,  Xantus's,  280 
Mus  musculus  museulus,  316 
musculus,  Mus  museulus,  316 

musculus,   Mus,  316 
mutabilis,    Pseudoliva,   54 
Myiarchus  cineraseens   pertinax,   297 
mylothnis,  Dendryphantes,  134  (fig.) 
myroni,  Colletes,   185 
Mytilus,  5,  6 

euglyphus,  67 

ungulatus,  67 
Myurella  sp.   ind.,  53 

tuberosa,  S3,  SS 

N 

nana,  Lonatura,  423 
nanula,  Ceratina,  214,  215 
nanulum,  Anthidium  divisum,   350,  351 
nanus,  Chelostomopsis  australis,  206 
Nassa  lagunitensis,  53 

zorritensis,  49,  S3 
nasutus,   Platymetopius,  413 
Natiea  (Ampullina)  gabbi,  49 

coronis,  46,  48,  S3,  74  (pi.  8) 

elata,  S3 

(Natieina)  sp.,  53 

subclausa,  46 

uber,  451 

unifasciata,  451 
(Natieina)  sp.,  Natiea,  53 
Natrix  tigrina  lateralis,  102,  103 

tigrina   tigrina,   95 

vibakari  vibakari,   95 
nebrascense,  Anthidium,  345,  346 
nebulosus,  Scymnus,  327 
Necrobia  rufipes,  324 
negritosense,  Cerithium,  SO 
negritosensis,   Meretrix,  67 

Turritella,  58 
nelsoni.  Area  (Anadara),  61 

Crassateilites   (Seambula),   65,   70 

rotundata,  Turritella,   58,  59 

Solarium,  55 

Terebra,  48,  S3,  55,  56 

trullissatia,   Turritella,   58 

Turritella,  58,  59 

Venus,  65,  70 
Nemognatha  insularis,  325 
Nemognathus   scutellaris,   325 
Neobaphion,  390 
neome.xicana,  Eleodes,  382,  383 
neomexicanus,    Pellenes,    142,   (fig.) 
Neotoma  bryanti,  316 

intermedia  intermedia,  315 
pretiosa,   315 
(Nephrolepidina)     peruviana,     Lepidocy- 

elina,  71 
nerea,  Diadasia  nigrifrons,  204 
nereis,  Enhydra  lutris,  303 


584 


CALIFORNIA    ACADEMY    OF   SCIEKCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser. 


Neriene  clathrata,  119,  120 

coccinea,   118,   119,   123 
dogmatica,  119,   120   (fig.) 
redacts,  118,  119  (fig.),  120 
Nerita  scabricostata,  452 
Neritina  picta,  452 
nervosa,   Mesamia,  409,  410 
nevadensis,  Eleodes  nigrina,  390 

Telabis,  372,  373 
New    Hemiptera    from    Western    North 
America,  by   Edward  P.   Van  Duzee, 
391 
New  North  American  Spiders,  by  Ralph 

V.  Chamberlin,  105 
New   (A)   Species  of  Mollusk   (Dentalium 
hannai)   from   Lower  California,   with 
Notes    on    Other    Forms,    by    Fred 
Baker,  83 
New  Zealand  Shearwater,  285 
niasi,  Amphistegina,  4 
Night   Heron,  Yellow-crowned,  291 
Nighthawk,    Texas,    2% 
nigra    surinamensis,    Chlidonias,   283 
nigricans,  Sayornis,  297 
nigricornis,  Gyrodroma,  205 
nigrifrons,  Diadasia,  204 

epileuca,  Diadasia,   203,  204 
nerea,   Diadasia,   204 
nigrina   difformis,  Eleodes,  389 
Eleodes,  389 

nevadensis,  Eleodes,  390 
perlonga,  Eleodes,  389 
schwarzi,    Eleodes,   389 
nigripes,  Diomedea,  283 
nigriventer,  Deltocephalus,  418 
nigropunctatus,  Margus,  393 
nitida,   Argoporis,   331 
nitidula,  Chelynia,  210,  211 
nivosus,   Charadrius,   294 
noduliferum,  Calliostoma  (Eutroclius),  49 
(Noetia)  cholana.  Area,  60 

modesta.  Area,  60 
Nomia  acus,  188 

californica,  188 
melanderi,   188 
melanderi   acus,   188 
norse,  Triepeolus,  202 
normalis,  Solenastrea  fairbanksi,  483 
Northern  Phalarope,  291 
notabilis,  Binneya,  228 
Note    (A)    on    Two   of   Hyatt's    Liassic 
Ammonites,   by   C.    H.    Crickmay,   77 
ncthocalaidis,   Diandrena,   187,   188 
Notiosorex  crawfordi  crawfordi,  303 
nubiliceps,   Ceraticelus,    110 
Nucula  araucana,  67 
minuscula,  67 
nugax,  Scaphoideus,  419 
Numenius   americanus,  293 

hudsonicus,  293 
Nummulites,  sp.  (?),  71 


nupta,  Eleodes  hispilabris,  384,  385 
Nyctanassa  violacea,  291 


obesa,  Cancellaria,  444,  484  (pi.  20) 

Coelocnemis,   338 
obesiformis.   Area   (Scapharca),   61 
obliteratus,  Strombus,  454,  484  (pi.  20) 
obscura,  Eleodes,  383 

glabriuscula,  Eleodes,  383,  384 
Lygidea,  394,  395 
obscurator,  Margus,  393 
obscurella,  Spinoliella,  1% 
obscurus,  Calathus,  322 
obsoleta  forma  punctata,  Eleodes,  378 
obtusifolia,  Cleomella,  194 
occidentalis,  Aligia  modesta,  413 
Larus,  280 
Potamides,  54 
Surcula,  45,  55 
Oceanodroma  leucorhoa  kaedingi,  286 
macrodactyla,  286 
melania,  286,  287,  288 
monorhis,  280,   287,  288 
"socorroensis,"  287,  288 
oculata,  Ostrea,  67 
Oculina  peniviana,  70 
Odocoileus    cerroensis    [cerrosensis],   266 

cerrosensis,  319 
CEcleus  addendus,  406 
fulvidorsum,  406 
snowi,  406 
subreflexiis,  406 
Oidemia  perspicillata,  290 
oldroydi,   Atrina,  461 
Oliva,  6,  453 

angulata,  452 
reticularis,  452 
sp.   ind.,  53 

spicata,   452,  486   (pi.   21) 
Olivancillaria   (Agaronia)   peruviana,  S3 

eocenica,  53 
Olivella  gracilis,  453 
omissa,  Eleodes,  335,  385,  389 
Onychodactylus   fischeri,   89 
onyx,   Creiiidula,  448 
opaca,  Stibia,  329 
opisthomelas,  Pufifinus,  284,  285 
optimum,  Pecten  oxygonum,  5 
Orcinus   ater,   302 

oregonensis,  Platymetoptus,  414,  415 
Oreopasites  scituli,  202 

vanduzeei,  202 
orientalis,   Bombina,  90 
ormei   infraliratus,   Potamides,  54 
omatifrons,  Anthidium  divisum,  350,  351 
orpifex,  Xylocopa,  214 
Ortholeptura  insignis,   341 
Orthophragmina  peruviana,  71 
pratti,  4 


Vol.  XIV] 


IHDEX 


585 


Orthotylus  affinis,  400 
cont'.-astus,  400 
cupressi,  399 
demensus,  39S 

hamatus,  397,  398 

langtiidas,  398 

plucheae,  397 
ortoni,  AmpuIIina,  49 
Osprey,  295 
Ostrea  buski,  67 

chilensis,  468 

gallus,  67 

haitensis,  469 
hcermanni,  430,  467,  469,  488  (pi.  22),  490 
(p).  23) 

inca,  67 

iridescens,  67,  468,  496  (pi.  26) 

latiareata,  67 

lunaris,   67 

oculata,  67 

sculpta,  67 

sp.   ind.,  67 

veatchii,  469 

vespertina,  430,  468,  469,  471,  496 
(pl.  26) 

virginica,   468 
Otocoris  alpestris  actia,  297,  298 
Otter,  Southern  Sea,  303 
ovaliceps,  Halictus,  190 
ovata,  Lymnjea,  155,  156,  157,  158 
ovoidalis,  Aniiantis  incrassata,  60 
Owl,   Burrowing,  296 
Oxyechus  vocifenis,  293 
oxygonum    optimum,    Pecten,    5 
Oxyopeidon  communicans,  128  (fig.) 

cubanum,   127,   128,   129   (fig.),   130 

haytianum,  127,  (fig.),  128 

tuberculatum,   129,   130   (fig.) 
Oxyopes  classicus,  126  (fig.) 

salticus,   127 
Oxyopidae,  126 
Oystercatcher,  Black,  294 

Frazar's,   294 


Pacific  Finback  Whale,  301 

pacifica,  Ceratina,  215 
Strepsidura,  55 

pacificus,  Clavilithes,  SO 

pacis,  Triepeolus,  201 

pagana,   Mesamia,   409 

Paleontology  of  Coyote  Mountain,  Im- 
perial County,  California,  by  G. 
Dallas  Hanna,  427 

pallida,   Melongena,  453 

pallidicollis,   Parthenicus,  402 

palliventre,  Anthidium,  347,  355,   356 

Pandion  haliaetus  carolinensis,  295 

pandorae,  Micrarionta,  272 

Panopsea,   sp.  ind.,  67 

Pinope  generosa,  470 


pantheonensis,  Area  (Scapharca),  61 
Panurginus  albopilosus,  198 

atriceps,  198 
papillosa,  Fasciolaria,  448 
Parabuteo  unicinctus  harrisi,  295 
Paracythus   peruvianus,  70 
Parandrena  concinnula,  187 
Parasitic  Jaeger,  280 
parasiticus,  Stercorarius,  280 
Pardosa  heretica,  12S,  126  (fig.) 
parinasensis,  Callianassa,  70 

Corbula,  64 

Pseudoliva,  54 
parowana,   Eleodes,   374,  375 

mimica,  Eleodes,  375 
Parthenicus  aridus,  402 

baccharidis,   401 

brunncus,  400 

candidus,  401 

canescens,  402 

covilleae,  403 

discalis,  403 

grex,  403 

juniperi,  403 

pallidicollis,  402 

picicoUis,  402,  403 

psalloides,  403 

rubromaculosus,  402 

sabulosus,  401 

soror,  401 
parvicollis  alticola,   Eleodes,  387,  388 

constricta,   Eleodes,  388 

Eleodes,    389 

planata,   Eleodes,  387,  388 

producta,   Eleodes,  387 

trita,  Eleodes,  387,  388 
parvum    baculifrons,    Dianthidium,    365 

Dianthidium,   364,  365 
parvus,  Dipodoniys  nierriami,  318 
Passerculus  beldingi,  299 

rostratus  guttatus,  299 
rostratus,  299 
sanctorum,   299 
patelloides,  Lanx,  149 
(Patinopecten)   coosensis.   Pecten,  2,  4 

dilleri,  Pecten,  2,  4 
paupercula.  Bulla,  443 

BuUaria,   443 
pavonina,  Chelynia,  207,  208,  209 
pavonotus,  Halictus,  188 
Pavostelis,  213 
paytana,  Columbella,  48,  SO 
paytense,  "Cerithium,"  SO,  52 

Faunus,  52,  74   (pl.   8) 
paytensis,  AmpuIIina,  49 

Axinaea,  62,  65 

"Cerithium,"  42 

Faunus,  42,  50,  52 

Fusus,  52 

Glycymeris,  62,  65.  68 

Lucina,  66 


586 


CALIFORNIA   ACADEMY    OF   SCIEHCBS 


[Proc.  4th  See.. 


paytensis,  Pecten,  68 

Pectunculus,  65,  68 
pecosense,  Anthidiuni,  351,  352,  353 

Anthidium   blanditum,   352 

fragariellum,  Anthidium,  351,  353 

fragariellum    wilsoni,   Anthidium, 
353 

wilsoni,  Anthidium,  360 
Pecten,  430 

Aequipecten,  4 

(Aequipecten)  percarus,  13,  14,  26 
(pi.  2) 
(Pecten)  aletes,  Pecten,  8,  26  (pi.  2) 
Pecten  Amusium,   7 

andersoni,  17 

auburyi,   10 

aztecus,  10 
(Pecten)  beali,  Pecten,  10,   11,  26  (pi.  2), 

32,   (pi.  5) 
(pecten)  bellus,  Pecten,  2,  3,  8 
Pecten  callidus,  20,  21 

carrizoensis,  2,  3,  11,  470 
(Pecten)  cataractes,  Pecten,  2,  3,  9 
Pecten  cerrosensis,  IS,  20,  473 

circularis,   473 

coalingensis,  10 

condylomatus,  5 

densicinctus,  68 

deserti,  430,  470,  471,  473,  494 
(pl.  25) 

diegensis,  470 

discus,  17 

estrellanus,   472 

etchegoini,  474 
(Pecten)   hartmanni,    Pecten,   8,   10,  24 

(pl.  1) 
Pecten  hastatus,  474 
(Pecten)  heimi,  Pecten,  9,  10,  24  (pl.  1), 
28  (pl.  3) 

hemphillii,  Pecten,  2,  3,  9,  10 
Pecten  impostor,  17 

incus,   48,   68 

intercostatus,   68 

keepi,  2,  3,  7,  471 

laqueatus,  8 
(Pecten)  lecontei,  Pecten,  2,  3 
Pecten  Lyropecten,  4 

(Lyropecten)  crassicardo,  2,  3 
modulatus,  11,  12,  28  (pl.  3) 
pretiosus,   12,   26   (pl.   2),   28 
(pl.  3) 

mediacostatus,    472,   488    (pl.    22), 
492  (pl.  24) 

mendenhalli,  473,  494  (pl.  25) 

mortoni,  471 

oxygonum  optimum,  5 

(Patinopecten)   coosensis,  2,  4 
dilleri,  2,  4 

paytensis,  68 

(Pecten)  aletes,  8,  26  (pl.  2) 


Pecten  (Pecten)  beali,  10,  11,  26,  (pl.  2), 
32  (pl.  S) 
bellus,  2,  3,  8 
carrizoensis,  2,  3,  11 
cataractes,  2,  3,  9 
hartmanni,  8,   10,   24   (pl.   1) 
heimi.  9,  10,  24  (pl.  1),  28 

(pl.  3) 
hemphillii,  2,  3,  9,  10 
keepi,  2,  3,  7 
lecontei,  2,  3 

refugioensis,  7,   24   (pl.    1),   32 
(pl.  5) 
Plagioctenium,  4 
(Plagioctenium)    calli,    16.    17,    30 
(pl.  4) 
callidus,  20,   21,  22,  32  (pi.   5) 
cerrosensis,   IS,  16,  19,  20,  21, 

22,  34  (pl.  6) 
cerrosensis  mendenhalli,  2,  3, 

16,  19,  20,  24  (pl.  1) 
circularis,    2,   3 

cristobalensis,  19,  20,  28  (pl.  3) 
deserti,  2,  3,  17 
hakei,  18,  19,  30  (pl.   4) 
invalidus,  2,  3 

purpuratus,    2,    4,    14,    IS,    16, 
19,  20,  24  (pl.  1),  30  (pl.  4), 
68 
subdolus,    16,    20,    21,    22,    32 
(pl.  5) 
raymondi,  17 
(Pecten)   rehigioensis,   Pecten,  7,  24 

(pl.   1),  32  (pl.  5) 
Pecten  revolutus,   7 
s.  str.,  4,  7 
sancti-ludovici,   472,   473,   474,   488 

(pl.  22) 
santarosanus,  17 
sp.    ind.,   68 
Stearns  ii,  470 

subnodosus,   474,  494   (pl.   25) 
subventricosus,   15 
vaughani,   12 
vogdesi,    9,    10 
Pecten  woodringi,  68 

ziczag,   471 
Pectens  from  the  Tertiary  of  Lower 

California,   by   Leo   G.   Hertleiii,    1 
pectoralis,  Centrioptera,  330 
Pectunculus  paytensis,  65,  68 
pedinoides,   Eleodes,   375,   382,   38J 
pedroana,  Terebra,  456 
Pelecanus   californicus,   290 
Pelecypoda,  60,  460 
I'elican,  California  Brown,  290 
Pellenes  caroiinensis,  142 

contingens,  139,  140  (fiff) 
grammaticus,   140   (fig.) 
leucerea,  141   (fig.) 


Vol.  XIV] 


I>ID£X 


587 


Pellenes  neomexicanus,  142  (fig.) 

sabulosus,  141 
pellucidus,   Hesperapis,   198 
penicillatus    albulus,    Perognathus,    317 

Phalacrocorax,  289 
Peninsula  Coyote,  303 
peninsulae,  Ammospermophilus  leucurus, 
318 

Canis,   303 
peninsularis,  Antilocapra  americana,  320 

Spinoliella,  195 

Spinoliella  scutellaris,  195 
perattenuata,  Terebra,  458 
percarus,    Pecten    (Aequipecten),    13,   14, 

26   (pi.   2) 
perchalybea,    Diandrena,    187,    188 
Pcrdita  chamaesarachx,  192 

claypolei,   193 

cleomellse,   193 

exclamans,  193 

exclamans  atramentata,  194 

exclamans  imperialis,  193 

florissantella,   194 

interserta,   194 

punctifera,  194 

pyrifera,  192 

ruficauda,  192 

subfasciata,   194 

timberlakei,  194 

townsendi,   194 

vittata,  194 
peregra,  Lymnaea,  158 
peregrinus   anatum,    Falco,   295 
perihirta,  Megachile,  204 
perjucundus,  Spirembolus,  111  (fig-),  112, 

113,  114 
perlonga,  Eleodes  nigrina,  389 
perluteum,    Dianthidium    singulare,    363 
permaculatum,  Anthidium,  349,  350,  351 
Pema   arbolensis,   68 
pernodosum,  Tritonium,  56 
Perognathus  anthonyi,  317 

helleri,  316 

penicillatus  albulus,  317 
Peromyscus   eremicus   cedrosensis,   314 

eremicus  polypolius  (?),  314 

maniculatus,   315 

nianiculatus   cineritius,   315 

maniculatus  geronimensis,  315 
magdalenae,  315 
sonoriensis,  314 
perplexum,    Anthidiellum,   362 
perpunctata,    Eleodes    dentipes,    385,    387 
perspicillata,  Oidemia,  290 
pertenue,  Cardium,  62 
pertinax,   Myiarchus  cinerascens,  297 
peruana,  Aphera,  49 

Cancellaria  (Aphera),  49 
peruviana,   Corbula,   64 

Dendrophyllia,  70 

Haimesiastrsea,  70 


peruviana,  Leda,  66 

Lepidocyclina    (Nephrolepidina), 
71 

Oculina,  70 

Olivancillaria    (Agaronia),   53 

Orthophragmiiia,  71 

Pirena,  53 

Peruviaster,   71 

Pyrula,  54 

Stephanoccenia,  71 

Volutospina,  60 
peruvianum,   Cardium    (Trachycardium), 
62 

Eovasum,  51 

Telescopium,  55 
peruvianus,  Clavilithes,  50 

Paracythus,  70 
Peruviaster,  71 

peruviana,  71 
Petrel,    Black,   287 

Guadalupe,  286 

Kaeding's,  286 

Least,  285 

Swinhoe's    Fork-tailed,   287 
Petrochelidon   lunifrons   lunifrons,   300 
pexatus,    Platymetopius,    415 
Phacoides  childreni,  474,  475 

(Pseudomiltha  ?)    insleyi,    68 

xantusi,    474,    500    (pi.    28),    502 
(pl.  29) 
Phalacrocorax   auritus   albociliatus,   288 

penicillatus,  289 
Phalangiidae,    171 
Phalarope,  Northern,  291 

Red,  291 
Phalaropus  fulicarius,  291 
(Pharella)   planifoUiculus,   Solecurtus,  69 
Phidippus   molinor,   133   (fig.) 

pogonopus,  132  (fig.) 
philadelphicus,    Macron,   44 
Philodromus   syntheticus,   124    (fig.) 
Phoca   richardii.    311 

geronimensis,   308 
Phoebe,  Black,  297 
Pholadidea,  462 
Pholas  sp.   ind.,  68 
Pholus,   462 

Phos  (?)  latirugatus,  53 
phosoidea,  Siphonalia,  43,  48,  54,  72 

(pl.  7),  74   (pi.   8) 
phrygia,   Puncturelta,  54 
physalus,    Balsenoptera,   301 
piceus,   Dicheirus,   323 
picicollis,    Parthenicus,    402,    403 
picta,  Neritina,  452 
pictorum,    Spondylus,   477 
pictus,    Cyrtolobus,    408,    409 
pileolus,   Protancylus,   147 
pilosa,  Trigonoscuta,  342,  343 
pilosisquama,  Plenaschopsis,  341,  342,  343 
Pinacodera  semisulcata,  323 


588 


CALIFORKIA   ACADEMY    OF    SCIEHCES 


[Paoc.  4th  Sb». 


Pinacodera  sulcipennis,  323 
Pink-footed  Shearwater,  284 
Pinna  caloosaensis,  476 

latrania,  475,  477,   498  (pi.   27) 
mendenhalli,  476,  498  (pi.  27) 
Pipilo    crissalis    senicula,    300 
Pipistrellus    Hesperus    hesperus,    303 
Pirena  peruviana,  S3 

vellicata,  S3 
Pisobia  minutilla,  292 
Pissonotus  delicatus,  407 
giffardi,  407 
marginatus,    407 
Pitaria  (Lamelliconcha)  cora  aequicincta, 
68 

planivieta,  68 
pizarroi,   Crassatellites,  46,  48,  65,  72 

(pl.  7) 
Plagioctenium,   4 

(Plagioctenium)  calli,   Pecten,  16,   17,  30 
(pl.   4) 

callidus,    Pecten,   20,   21,   22,  32 

(pl.   5) 
cerrosensis    mendenhalli,    Pecten, 

2,  3,   16,   19,  20,   24   (pl.   1) 
cerrosensis,  Pecten,  IS,  16,  19,  20, 

21,  22,  34  (pl.  6) 
circularis,  Pecten,  2,  3 
cristobalensis,   Pecten,   19,  20,   28, 

(pl.  3) 
deserti,  Pecten,  2,  3,  17 
hakei,   Pecten,  18,  19,  30  (pl.  4) 
invalidus,   Pecten,  2,   3 
purpuratus,    Pecten,   2,    4,    14,    15, 
16,  19,  20,  24   (pl.   1),  30 
(pl.   4),  68 
subdolus,    Pecten,    16,   20,   21,   22, 
32  (pl.  S) 
plana,   Turritella,    56 
planata,    Eleodes  parvicollis,   387,   388 
plancyi,   Rana,  92 
planicosta,  Venericardia,  70 
planiliratus,    Conus,    447 
planipennis,    Eleodes,    390 
planivieta,   Cytherea,   65 

Pitaria    (Lamelliconcha),    68 
planifoUiculus,   Solecurtus   (Pharella),  69 
Planorbid?e,    147,    160 
planus,   Platymetopius,   414 
platycephalus,  Dipodomys,  318 
Platymetopius  diabolus,  413 
nasutus,    413 
oregonensis,    414,    415 
pexatus,  415 
planus,  414 
trilineatus,  415 
Platynus     (Leucagonum)     guadalupen.se, 
323 

maculicollis,   323 
Plenaschopsis,  341,  342 

pilosisquama,  341,  342,  343 


Plesiastrea    californica,    482 
Pleurotoma,   sp.   ind.,  S4 
plicifera,  Volutilithes,  59 
Plover,  Black -bellied,  293 
Semipalmated,  294 
Snowy,  294 
Pluchea   sericea,  406 
pluches,  Orthotylus,  397 
plumarium,  Anthidium,  356 
Pocket  Mouse,  Anthony's,  317 
Heller's,  316 
Magdalena  Island,  317 
Poeciloscytus   venaticus,   396 
pogonopus,   Phidippus,   132   (fig.) 
Polinices,  6 

porcana,   54 
subangulata,    54 
Polyborus  cheriway,  295 
polypolius  (?),  Peromyscus  eremicus,  31* 
pomonse,   Megachile  pugnata,  204 
porcana,    Polinices,    54 
porcata,   Eleodes,  375 
Porites  carrizensis,   481 
Potamides  occidentalis,  54 

ormei  infraliratus,  54 
praecox,  Cixius,  405 

praltria  hesperophilus,   Astragalinus,  299 
pratense,   Callanthidium   formosum,    3S« 
pratti,  Orthophragmina,  4 
prenuncia,   Corbula   (Aloidis),  64 
inconspicua,  Turritella,  58 
Turritella,  58 
pressa,  Tellina  (Angulus),  69 
pretiosa,  Neotoma  intermedia,  315 
pretiosus,    Pecten    (Lyropecten),    12,    26 

(pl.  2),  28  (pl.   3) 
princeps,   Fasciolaria,  448 
procurvatum,  Cardium,  62 
producta,  Eleodes  parvicollis,  387 
prolata.   Area   (Anadara)  toroensis,  61 
propinqua,  Chione  (Chione),  63 

Corbula   (Cuneocorbula),  64 
Melanatria,  52 
prora,  Strigilla,  69 
Prosopis  citrinifrons,   187 
prosoptera,  Lucina,  66 
Protancylus  pileolus,  147 
protexta,  Terebra,  456 
provancheri,   Dianthidium,   362,    364.   365 
psalloides,   Parthenicus,  403 
Psammobia,  5 

darwini,  68 
Pseudagapostemon,   189 
Pseudoglauconia  lissoni,  43,  54 
Pseudoliva  nnitabilis,  54 

parinasensis,  54 
Pseudomelecta  californica,  201 
(Pseudomiltha  ?)    insleyi,    Phacoides,   68 
Ptychoramphus  aleuticus,  280 


Vol.  XIV] 


1}\DEX 


589 


Publications  by   Museum  Staff   (1925), 

531 
pudica,  Largidea,  397 
pudicum,  Dianthidium,  363 
Puffinus  buUeri,  285 

chlororhynchus,    285 

creatopus,  284,  285 

griseus,  285 

opisthoraelas,  284,  285 
pugionis,  Calliopsis,   197 
pugnata  pomonas,  Megachile,  204 
pulchella   arida,    Exomalopsis,   202,   203 

Exomalopsis,  202 

Lucina,  66 
pulchra,  Chelynia,  210 
punctata,   Eleodes  obsoleta  jorma,  378 
ptincticaudum,  Anthidiuni,  360,  361 
puncticoUis,   Stibia,  329 
punctifer^,   Perdita,   194 
punctulata,  Coelotaxis,  336 
Puncturella  phrygia,  54 
pupa,  Lonatura,  423 
pupoidea,  Bezauconia,  49 
Purpura  chocolatum,  54 
purpuratus,    Pecten    (Plagioctenium),    2, 
4,    14,    15.    16,    19,    20,    24    (pi.    1),    30 
(pi.  4),  68 
pusillum,  Catorama,  340 
pygmaea,  Eleodes,  332 
pyrifera,   Perdita,  192 
Pyrula,  449 

peruviana,  54 

roseta,  54,  56 

Q 

quadriceps,  Architectontca,442,484(pl.  20) 

Solarium,  442 
quadricoUis,    Eleodes,    373,   374,   375,   376, 
377,  385 

lassenica,  Eleodes,  373,  374,  375 
Quail,  Valley,  294 


Rabbit,  Magdalena  Island  Jack,  319 

San  Pedro  Martir  Jack,  318 
(radiata),  Tivela  bryoniana,  6 
(Rata)  gabbi,  Labiosa,  66 
Rata  gibbosa,  5,  68 
(Rjeta)  ventricosta,  Labiosa,  66 
Rail,  Belding's,  291 
raimondii.  Area,  61 
Rallus  beldingi,  291 
Rana  chinensis,  92 

japonica,  93 

plancyi,  92 

rugosa,  94 

temporaria,  93,  101 
Rat,   Cedros  Island  Wood,  316 

Intermediate  Wood,  315 

Matancita  Wood,  315 

Roof,  316 

San   Bernardino  Kangaroo,  318 


rattus  alcxandrinus,  Epimys,  316 

Raven,  298 

raymondi,   Pecten,  17 

redacta,  Neriene,  118,  119  (fig.),  120 

Red  Phalarope,  291 

Red-tail,   Western,   295 

reducta,  Eleodes,  377,  378 

reevei,  Crassatellites,  464 

reevesii,  Geoclemys,  100 

refllexa,  Lymnaea,   147,  1S8 

refugioensis,   Pecten  (Pecten),  7,  24 

(pi.  1),  32  (pi.  5) 
regina,  Uvanilla,  242 
regularis,  Conus,  447,  486  (pi.  21) 
relativus,  Euscelis,  420 
repletus,  Margus,  393 
Report    of    the    Director    for    the    Year 
1925,   by   Barton   Warren   Evermann, 
521 
Report  of  the  President  of  the  Academy 
for  the  Year  1925,  by  C.  E.  Grunsky, 
505 
Report    of    the   Treasurer   for    the   Year 

1925,  590 
Reports,   Department,  536 

Botany,  536 

Entomology,  538 

Exhibits,  540 

Fishes,   541 

Herpetology,   542 

Library,  543 

Mamnialog>',   543 

Ornithology,  544 

Paleontology,  546 

Steinhart  Aquarium,  547 
reticularis,  Oliva,  452 
retractata,  Area,  48,  60,  61 
reversa.  Area,  61 
revolutus,  Pecten.  7 
Rhachianectes  glaucus,  301 
Rhagodera  costatus,  326 

laticeps,  326 

tuberculatus.  326 
richardii  geronimensis,   Phoca,  308 

Phoca,  3)1 
rileyi,  Eleodes,  380 
ringens,  Malea,  450,  486  (pi.   21) 
Roadrunner,  296 
robertsoni,  Anthidiellum,  362 

citrinellum,   Anthidiellum,    362 
robusta  abrupta,  Turritella,  59 

Turritella  (Haustator),   59 
robustus,  Strongylocoris,  396 
Roof  Rat,  316 
roseta,  Pyrula,  54,  56 
rostratus  guttatus,  Passerculus,  299 

Passerculus  rostratus,  299 

rostratus,    Passerculus,   299 

sanctorum,   Passerculus,  299 
rotundata,  Turritella,  58,  59 

Turritella  neUoni,  58,  59 


590 


CALIFORNIA    ACADEMY    OF    SCIEHCES 


[Proc.  ■4th  Ser. 


rotundJcollis,  Cratidus,  338 

Royal  Tern,  282 

rubi,  Chelynia,  207,  211 

rubifloris,  Chelostomopsis,  205,  206 

Chelynia,  205 

edwardsii,    Chelostomopsis,    206 
rubroniactilosus,   Parthenicus,   402 
Ruddy  Duck,  290 

Turnstone,  294 
ruficauda,  Perdita,  192 
ruficollis,  Hydranassa  tricolor,  291 
rufipes,  Necrobia,  324 
rufiventris,  Camptobrochis,  395 
rufodorsata,  Elaphe,  96 
nifozonatum,  Dinodon,  99 
rugosa,  Rana,  94 


Sabine's  Gull  (?),  281 
sabini,  Xema,  281 
sabulosus,   Parthenicus,   <01 

Pellenes,  141 
saginata,  Venus,  70 
sagittipictum,    Anthidium,   350 
Salticida-,  130 
salticus,  Oxyopes,  127 
San  Benito  Sparrow,  299 
San  Bernardino  Kangaroo  Rat,  318 
San  Clemente  House  Finch,  298 
San  Geronimo  Harbor  Seal,  308 
San  Lucas  Cardinal,  300 
Sparrow,  299 
Woodpecker,  296 
San   Pedro  Martir  Jack  Rabbit,  318 
San  Roque  White-footed  Mouse,  315 
sancti-ludovici,  Pecten,  472,  473,  474,  488 

(pl.  22) 
sanctilucse,  Ardea  herodias,  291 
sanctorum,   Passerculus  rostratus,  299 
Sandpiper,  Least,  292 
Spotted,  293 
Western,  292 
santarosanus,   Pecten,  17 
sausalitanus,     Dendryphantes,     135,     136, 

137,  138  (fig.) 
Say's  Flycatcher,  297 
sayi,   Dianthidium,   362 
Sayornis  nigricans,  297 

sayus,  297 
sayus,  Sayornis,  297 
scabva,  Littorina,   449 
scabricostata,  Nerita,  452 
scalaris  lucasanus,  Dryobates,  296 

Scaphoideus,   419 
(Scambula)  berryi,  Crassatellites,  64 
nelsoni,  Crassatellites,  65,  70 
Scapharca    (Argina)    sullanensis,   68 
(Scapharca)  charanensis,  Area,  60 
crescens.  Area,  60 
fissicosta.   Area,  60 
hispaniolana.  Area,  60 


(Scapharca)  imporcata.  Area,  60 
larkinii,  Area,  60 
obesiformis.  Area,  61 
pantheonensis.  Area,  61 
singewaldi,  Area,  61 
singewaldi  doma.  Area,  61 
Scapharca  sp.   ind.,  62,  69 
(Scapharca)  vanholsti.  Area,  62 

zapotalensis.  Area,  62 
Scapharca  zorritoensis,  62 

zorritosensis,  69 
Scaphoideus  albonotatus,  419 
minis,  419 
nugax,  419 
scalaris,   419 
Scellus  crinipes,   176,   177,   179  (fig.),   181 
(fig.) 

varipennis,   176,   180,   181   (fig.) 
virago,   175,   176,  179  (fig.) 
Scellus    virago    Aldrich     (A     Two-winged 
Fly)  and  Two  Forms  Closely  Related 
To  It,  by  M.  C.  Van  Duzee,  175 
schrenckii,  Elaphe,  97,  102 
schwarzi,   Eleodes  nigrina,  389 
scituli,  Oreopasites,  202 
Scoter,  Surf,  290 
scotti,  Spondylus,  478 
sculpta,  Ostrea,  67 
scutellaris,   Nemognathus,  325 

peninsularis,  Spinoliella,  195 
Spinoliella,  195,  197 
Scymnosus  nebulosus,  327 
Scymnus  guadalupensis,  327 
Sea  Lion,  California,  304 

Otter,  Southern,  303 
Seal,  Elephant,  309 

Guadalupe  Fur,  306 
San  Geronimo  Harbor,  308 
Sebastodes  (?),  311 

sechuntana,  Chione,  47,  48,  63,  72   (pl.  7) 
sectum,  Dentalium,  84 
(Seladonia)    catalinensis,   Halictus,   191 
Semele  solida,  69 
seniilseve,  Calosoma,  322 
Semipalmated  Plover,  294 
semipalmatus,  Charadrius,  294 

inornatus,    Catoptrophorus,    292 
semipolitum,   Dentalium,  83,  84 
semisulcata,    Pinacodera,   323 
senicula,   Pipilo  crissalis,  300 
septentrionalis,   Cathartes   aura,  295 
septifera.  Area   (Anadara),  61 
sericea,  Pluchea,  406 
serrainim,   Anthidium,  366 

Callanthidium  illustre,  366 
serrata,   Eurypelma,   107 
sexlineare,   Solarium,   55 
sexmaculata,  Stelis,  212,  213 
shastus,  Euscelis,  420 


Vol.  XIV] 


IXDEX 


591 


Shearwater,  Black-vented,  284 

New  Zealand,  285 

Pink-footed,  284 

Sooty,  285 
shoshoneum,     Brachybothriuni,     105,     106 

(fig.) 
Shrew,  Gray,  303 
Sibbaldius  sulfureus,  301 
Siderastrea  californica,  482 

mendenhalli,  482 

mendenhalli  minor,  482 
sierra,  Eleodes,  389 
Sigaretus  excentricus,  54 
sigfinoidea,  Cicindela,  322 
signatifrons,   Deltocephalus,  416 
similis,  Exomalopsis,  202 
singewaldi.   Area   (Scapharca),  61 

doma,  Area  (Seapharea),  61 
singulare,   Dianthidium,  362,  363 

melanognatbum,    Dianthidium, 
363 

perluteum,  Dianthidium,  363 
sinuatus,  Corvus  covax,  298 
Sinum  coralanum,  54 
Siphonalia,  43 

phosoidea,  43,   48,    54,    72    (pi.    7), 
74   (pi.   8) 
Sittieus   synopticus,   130   (fig.) 
Slevin,  Joseph  R.,  Contributions  to  Ori- 
ental    Herpetology,     II.     Korea     or 
Chosen,  89 
Slevin,  Joseph  R.,  Contributions  to  Ori- 
ental Herpetology,  III.  Russian  Asia 
and  Manchuria,   101 
slevini,   Camptobrochis,   395 

Ccelocnemis,  337 

Colletes,  185 
snowi,  CEcleus,  406 
Snowy  Plover,  294 

"socorroensis,"   Oceanodroma,   287,   288 
Solarium  nelsoni,  55 

quadriceps,  442 

sexlineare,  55 
Solecurtus   (Pharella)   planifolliculus,  69 

sp.  ind.,  69 
Solen  mierosulcatus,  69 
Solenastrea  fairbanksi,  482 

fairbanksi   columnaris,  482 

fairbanksi  minor,  482 

fairbanksi  normalis,  483 
Solenosteira  alternata,  51,  55 

anomala,  453,   484   (pi.   20) 
solida,  Clavella,  50,  56 

Eusmilia,   481 

Madripora,  481 

Triumphis,  50,  54,  56 
Sonoran  White-footed  Mouse,  314 
sonorainus,  Trachyrhinus,  172 
sonoriensis,    Peromyseus   maniculatus, 

314 
sonorus,  Bombus,  214 


Sooty  Shearwater,  285 
sox-dida,  Estola,  341 
soror,   Parthcnieus,  401 
Southern  Sea  Otter,  30J 
Sparrow,   Belding,  299 

Bell's,  300 

Desert,  300 

Large-billed,  299 

San  Benito,  299 

San  Lucas,  299 
sparsa,  Stibia,  329 
spatagus,  Metalia,  480,  492  (pi.  24) 
spatiosa,  Cancellaria,  49 
speculicollis,  Eleodes,  382,  383 
Speotyto  cunicularia  hypogaea,  296 
Sphaeraleea  (Malvaceae),  203 
Sphecodes  arvensiformis,  191,  192 

arvensis,  192 
spicata,  Oliva,  452,  486  (pi.  21) 
spiculifera,  Centrioptera,  330 
spiekeri,  Cardium,  48,  62,  65 
spilurus,  Halictoides,  200 
spinalis.  Coluber,  98 
spiniferus,    Halictoides    (Cryptohalicto- 

ides),  199 
Spinoliella,  202 

anthidius,  195,  197 

australior,  196 

edwardsii,   195,   197 

edwardsit  lateralis,   195,   196,   197 

equina,  196,  197,  202 

hesperia,  196 

obscurella,   196 

peninsularis,  195 

scutellaris,   195,   197 

scutellaris  peninsularis,  195 

triangulifera,   195,   197 

zebrata,  196 
spinosum,  Anthidium,  359 

Crueibulum,  448 
Spirembolus,  111,  115 

monticolens,  112  (fig.),  113 

perjucundus,    HI    (fig).    1'2,    113, 
114 

spirotubus,   112  (fig.),  113 

synopticus,  113  (fig.),   114 

vallicolens,  11'    (fig),   112 
spirotobus,  Tiso,  114 
spirotubus,  Spirembolus.  112  (fig.),  113 
Spondylidse,  477 
Spondylus  bifrons.  477 

bostrychites,  477,  478,  4Q2  (r>I.  24) 

calcifer,  477 

limbatus,  477 

pictoruni,  477 

scotti,  478 
Spotted  Sandpiper,  393 
squatarola  cynosurae,  Squatarola,  293 
Squatarola  squatarola  eynosurae,  293 
Squirrel,   Lower  California  Ground,  318 
stagnalis,  Lyinnaea,   147,  158,   159 


592 


CAUFOKHIA   ACADEMY    OF    SCIEHCES 


[Proc.  4th  Ser. 


stearnsiana,  Micrarionta,  247 
steamsii,  Pecten,  470 
Stelis  callura,  212,  213 

carnifex,  212,  213 

(remonti,   213 

laticincta,  211,  213 

montana,  212,  213 

sexmaculata,  212,  213 
Stephanocaenia    fairbanksi,    482 

peruviana,   71 
Stephens!,  Atrina,  461,  498   (pi.   27) 
Stercorarius   parasiticus,   280 
Sterna  antillarum,  283 

elegans,  282 

forsteri,  283 

maxima,  282 
stevensi,  Hylseus,  187 
Stibia  hannai,  329,  330 

opaca,  329 

puncticollis,  329 

sparsa,  329 

williamsi,  328,  329,  330 
stoica,   Eurypelma,   109   (fig.) 
Strepsidura  pacifica,  55 
striata  attenuata,   Bullaria,   442 

Bulla,  442 

Bullaria,  442,  443,  484   (pi.  20) 
strigatum,  Anthidiellum,   361 

luteum,  Anthidiellum,  361 
Strigilla  prora,  69 
Strombina  lanceolata,  55 
Strombus  furcatus,  55 

galeatus,  454 

gracilior,  454 

granulatus,  454,  455 

obliteratus,  454,  484    (pi.   20) 

sp.   ind.,  55 
Strongylocoris  robu.stus,  396 

uniformis,  396 
Struthiolaria   guttifera,   55 
Studies    in    the    Tenebrionidae,    No.    2, 
<CoIeoptera),  by   Frank  E.   Blaisdell, 
Sr.,  369 
subsenea,  Eutettix,  422 
subangulata,   Polinices,  54 
subaucanum,  Cardium,  63 
subcaerulea,  Chelynia,  209,  210 
subclausa,  Natica,  46 
subcostata,    Anomia,    430,    460,    471,    490 

(pl.  23) 
subdoius,  Pecten  (Plagioctenium),  16,  20, 

21,  22,  32  (pi.  5) 
subfasciata,   Perdita,   194 
subgibbosus,  Crassatellites,  463,  464,  500 

(pl.  28) 
subglauca,  Chelynia,  210,  211 
subnodosus,  Pecten,  474,  494  (pl.  25) 
subreflexus,  CEcleus,  406 
subrotundata,  Lanx,  143,   149 
subtilior,  Agapostemon  texanus,  191 


subtuberosa.  Cassis,  444,  445,  484  (pl.  20), 

502   (pl.  29) 
subventricosus,  Pecten,  15 
sulcata,  Mitra,  450 
sulcatus,  Tonibius,  337 
sulcifera,  Cassis,  445 
sulcipennis,  Eleodes,  384 

Pinacodera,  323 
sulfureus,  Sibbaldius,  301 
suUanensis,   Scapharca   (Argina),  68 
Sulphur  Bottom  Whale,  301 
supraconcava  abrupta,  Turritella,  59 

Turritella,  48,  59 
Surcula,  45 

mayi,  45,  48,  55,  72  (pl.  7) 

occidentalis,  45,  55 

thompsoni,  45,  55 
Surf  Scoter,  290 

surinamensis,   Chlidonias  nigra,  283 
suturalis,  Turritella,  58,  59 
Swallow,  Cliff,  300 
Swift,  White-throated,  296 
Swinhoe's  Fork-tailed  Petrel,  287 
Sycum  americanum,  55 
Sylvilagus  bachmani  cerrosensis,  319 

bachmani  cinerascens,  319 

bachmani  exiguus,   319 
syntheticus,  Philodromus,  124   (fig.) 
synopticus,   Sitticus,   130   (fig.) 

Spirembolus,  113  (fig.).  114 


Tagelus  californianus,  479 

gibbus,  69 
Takydromus  amurensis,  94 

wolteri,   94 
talarana,  Corbula,  48,  64 

Lucina,  48,  66 
talaraensis,  Fusus,  48,  52 
Tattler,  Wandering,  292 
tegwaniense,  Anthidiellum,  362 
tejonensis,  Ceratina,  214 
Telabis  amica,  373 

nevadensis,  372,  373 

uteana,  373 
Telescopium  peruvianum,  55 

Tellina,  5,  6 

(Angulus)  pressa,  69 
(Angulus?)    singewaldi,  69 
(Eurytellina)    aequicincta,   69 
sp.  ind.,  69 
zapotalensis,  69 

temporaria,  Rana,  93,  101 
Tenebrionidae,  369 
tenebrosa,  Amphidora,  338 
tenuiflorae,  Anthidium,  347,  355,  356 
tenuimargo,  Cardium,  63 
tenuis,  Encope,  479 
Teratocoris  discolor,  400 


Vol.  XIV] 


INDEX 


593 


Terebra,  456 

albida  barret  ti,  456 

altilira,  458 

cooperi,  458 

dislocata,  456 

exoleta,  458 

gausapata,  455,  456,  488  (pi.  22) 

gausapata  herviderana,  55 

inariana,  459 

martini,  456 

nelsoni,  48,  53,  55,  56 

pedroana,  456 

perattenuata,  458 

protexta,  456 

tomata,  458 

terebriformis,  458 

tuberosa,  55,  56 
terebriformis,  Terebra,  458 
Tern,   Black,  283 

Elegant,  28.2 

Forster's,  283 

Least,  283 

Royal,  282 
texana,  Exomalopsis,  203 
texanus,  Agapostemon,  191 

iowensis,   Agapostemon,    191 

subtilior,  Agapostemon,  191 

vandykei,  Agapostemon,  191 
Texas   Nighthawk,   296 
Thamnotettix  helvinus,  423 

lenis,  423 

vastula,  424 

venitus,  424 
Thaumastoplax  eocenica,  70 
thersites,  Megasominus,  340 
Thomisidae,  124 
Thomomys,  318 
tbompsoni,  Surcula,  45,  55 
Thryomanes  brevicauda,  279 
tigerina,  Codakia,  463 
tigrina  lateralis,  Natrix,  102,  103 

Natrix  tigrina,  95 

tigrina,   Natrix,  95 
Ikimberlakei,   Perdita,  194 
Tiso  spirotobus,   114 
titusi,  Anthidium,  345,  346,  361 
Tivela  bryoniana  (radiata),  6 
Tonibiastes  costipennis,  337 
Tonibius  sulcatus,  337 
tornata,  Terebra,  458 
toroensis,  Area  (Anadara),  61 

crassa,   Area    (Anadara),   61 
prolata.  Area  (Anadara),  61 
Tortemboius,  115 
alpinus,  115 

demonologicus,  115,  117,  118  (fig.) 

fasciatus,    115 

tortuosus,   115,   116   (fig.) 
tortuosus,  Tortemboius,   115,   116   (fig.) 
Tetanus  melanoleucus,  292 
Towhee,  Anthony's,  300 


townsendi,  Arctocephalus,  241,  306 

Perdita,   194 
(Trachycardium)   peruvianum,  Cardium, 
62 

zorritensis,  Cardium,  63 
Trachyrhinus   sonoranus,   172 
Transenella  herviderana,  69 
triangularis,   Cancellaria,  49 
triangulifera,  Spinoliella,  195,  197 
tricarinata,  Turritella,   59 
Trichochrous  apicalis,  324 

innocens,  324 

margaritae,  323 
tricolor  ruficollis,   Hydranassa,  291 
tricostata,   Eleodes,  375,  376 
tricuspidum,   Anthidium,   354 
Triepeolus  blaisdelli,  202 

mensa,  202 

norae,  202 

pacis,  201 

verbesinse,  201 
(Trigoniocardia)   affinis,   Cardium,  62 
Trigonoscuta,  341,  342 

pilosa,  342,  343 
trilineatus,  Platymetopius,  415 
tristis,  Turritella,   5 
trita,  Eleodes  parvicollis,  387,  388 

Turritella   inca,   57 
Tritonium  pernodosum,  56 
Triumphis  solida,  SO,  54,  56 
trullissatia,  Turritella  nelsoni,   58 
truncatiforme,   Anthidiellum,   361 
tuberculata,  Area,  6 

tuberculatum,  Oxyopeidon,  129,  130  (fig.) 
tuberculatus,  Rhagodera,  326 
tuberculomuricata,   Eleodes  humeralis 

forma,  380 
tuberosa.   Cassis,  444,   445 

Myurella,  S3,  55 

Terebra,  55,  56 
tularensis,  Eleodes  dentipes,  385,  386,  387 
Turbo  belli,  56 

belli  sequifilicatum,  56 

lineatus,  56 
Turkey  Vulture,   295 
Turnstone,   Black,  294 

Ruddy,  294 
Turris  albida   (?),  456 
turrita,  Columbella,  50 
Turritella,  6 

altilira,  56 

altilirata,  56 

anceps,  56 

annectens,  56 

alturana,  56 

bifastigata,  57 

bosworthi,  57 

charana,  57 

cochleiformis,  41,  57,  72  (pi.  7) 

conquistadorana,   41,    48,    57,    72 
(pi.  7) 


594 


CALIFORNIA   ACADEMY    OF    SCIEHCES 


[Proc.  4th  Sbr. 


Turritella,  dickersoni,  57 

douvillei,  57 

filicincta  varicosta,  41,  57,  74 
(pl.  8) 

gothica,  57 

(Haustator)    filicincta,   57 
gabbiana,  57 
robusta,   59 

humerosa,  41 

imperialis,  457,  486  (pl.  21) 

inca,  57 

inca  trita,  57 

inconspicua,  58 

infracarinata,  58 

infracarinata    zorritoensis,    58 

lissoni,  58 

merriami,   41 

nelsoni,  58,  59 

nelsoni  rotundata,  58,  59 

nelsoni   trullissatia,   58 

nigritosensis,  58 

plana,  56 

prenuncia,  58 

prenuncia   inconspicua,  58 

robusta,  59 

robusta   abrupta,  59 

rotundata,  58,  59 

sp.  ind.,  59 

supraconcava,  48,  59 

supraconcava   abrupta,   59 

suturalis,  58,  59 

tricarinata,  59 

tristis,   5 
Tympanotonus   lagunitensis,   59 

U 

uber,  Natica,  451 
undulata,  Cyathodonta,  466 
ungulatus,  Mytilus,  67 
unicinctus  harrisi,   Parabuteo,  295 
unidens,  Modulus,  451 
unifasciata,  Natica,  451 
uniformis,  Strongylocoris,  396 
urceolata,  Cancellaria,  444 
uropygialis  brewsteri,  Centurus,  296 
uteana,  Telabis,  373 
Uvanilla  regina,  242 
sp.  ind.,  59 

V 

vagans,   Eurypelma,  108 

valdiviana,  Area,  62 

Valley  Quail,  294 

vallicola,  Lophortyx  californica,  294 

vallicolens,  Dentaliuin,  85,  86  (pl.  10) 
Spirenibolus,  111  (fig.),  112 

Vanatta,  453 

Van  Duzee,  Edward  P.,  New  Hemiptera 
from   Western  North   America,   391 

Van  Duzee,  M.  C,  Scellus  virago  Aid- 
rich  (A  Two-winged  Fly)  and  Two 
Forms  Closely  Related  To  It,  175 


vanduzeei,  Halictus,  191 

Oreopasites,  202 
Vanduzeeina  balli,  391,  392 

borealis.  392,  393 

californica,  391,  392,  393 
vandykei,  Agapostemon  texanus,  191 

Cixius,  404 

Megachile,  205 
vanholsti.  Area  (Scapharca),  62 
varia,  Littorina,  449 
variabilis,  Chione,  63 
varicosta,    Turritella    filicincta,    41,    57, 

74,  (pl.  8) 
variolosa,   Eleodes   manni,  389 
varipennis,  Scellus,   176,   180,   181   (fig.) 
varipuncta,  Xylocopa,  214 
vastula,  Thamnotettix,  424 
Vasum  csestum,  459 

haitensis,   459 

haitensis  engonatum,  460 

muricatum,  459 
vau,  Cyrtolobus,  408 
vaughani,  Pecten,  12 
veatchii,  Ostrea,  469 
vellicata,  Pirena,  53 
venaticus,   Pceciloscytus,  396 
Venericardia  clavidens,  69 

planicosta,  70 
ventricosta,  Labiosa  (Raeta),  66 
Venus  (Chione)  columbensis,  70 

munsteri,  70 

nelsoni,  65,  70 

saginata.  70 
venusta,  Melanatria,  52 
verbesinse,  Triepeolus,  201 
Vermetidse,  460 
Vermetus,  sp.  ind.,  59 
Vermiceras  crossmani,   77,   78,   80   (pi.  9) 
Vermicularia  eburnea,  460 
Veronicellidse,  147 
verutus,   Thamnotettix,   424 
vespertina,  Ostrea,  430,  468,  469,  471,  496 

(pl.  26) 
vetula,  Lutraria,  66 
vibakari,  Natrix  vibakari,  95 

vibakari,    Natrix,   95 
villosus,   Creophilus,  323 
violacea,  Nyctanassa,  291 
virago,  Scellus,  175,  176,  179  (fig.) 
virescens  frazari,  Butorides,  291 
virgatus,  Halictoides,  199 
virginica,  Ostrea,  468 

Xylocopa,   214 
viridescens,  Halictoides,  200 
visaliensis,  Calliopsis,  19S 
vittata,  Perdita,  194 
vociferus,  Oxyechus,  293 
vogdesi,  Pecten,  9,  10 
Volutilithes  plicifera,  59 
Volutoderma,  59 


Vol.  XIV] 


IHDEX 


595 


Volutospina  crassiuscula,  59 

nieridionalis,  59 

peruviana,  60 
vulpinus,   Dermestes,  325 
Vulture,  Turkey,  295 

W 

Wala,  131 

(Walkerola)  klamathensis,  Lanx,  149 

wana,    Bathyphantes,   121,   122   (fig.),    123 

Wandering  Tattler,  292 

waringi,   Corbula,   M 

wenzeli,  Eleodes,  381 

Western  Bat,  303 

Gull,  280 

Mourning  Dove,  294 

Red-tail,  295 

Sandpiper,  292 

Willet,  292 
Whale,  California  Gray,  301 

Pacific  Finback,  301 

Sulphur  Bottom,  301 
White  Ibis,  290 
White-footed  Mouse,  Ashy-gray,  315 

Cedros  Island,  314 

Magdalena,  315 

Margarita,  314 

San  Roque,  315 

Sonoran,  314 
Vv'hite-tailed  Deer,  Cedros  Island,  319 
White-throated  Swift,  2% 
Willet,   Western,  292 
wiliiamsi,  Stibia,  328,  329,  330 
■wilsoni,   Anthidium   bernardinum,    352, 
353 

Anthidium  pecosense,  360 

Anthidium    pecosense   fragari- 
ellum,  353 
wolteri,  Takydromus,  94 
Wood  Rat,  Cedros  Island,  316 

Intermediate,  315 

Matancita,  315 
woodhulli,  Arnioceras,  77,  78,  79 


Woodpecker,   Brewster's,  296 

San  Lucas,  296 
woodringi,  Pecten,  68 
woodsi,  AmpuUina,  48,  49 

Corbula,  47,  48,  64 
wootoni  calogaster,   Megachile,  204 


xanthognathum,  Anthidium,  347,  351 

Xanthopsis  errans,  70 
Xantus's  Jay,  298 

Murrelet,  280 
xantusi,  Phacoides,  474,  500  (pi.  28),  502 

(pl.  29) 
Xema  sabini,  281 
Xylocopa  arizonensis,  214 

californica,  214 

orpifex,  214 

varipuncta,  214 

virginica,  214 


Yellow-crowned  Night  Heron,  291 
Yellow-legs,  Greater,  292 


Zalophus  californianus,  304 
zapotalensis,  Area  (Scapharca),  62 

Tellina,  69 
zebrata,  Spinoliella,  196 
Zenaidura  macroura  marginella,  294 
zephyrius,  Deltocephalus,  418 
ziczag,  Pecten,  471 
zorritense,  Argobuccinum,  49,  53 
zorritensis.  Area   (Cunearca),  62,  69 

Cardium    (Trachycardium),   63 

Mactra,  66,  67 

Mulinia,  66,  67 

Nassa,  49,  53 
zorritoensis,   Scapharca,   62 

Turritella   infracarinata   var.,   58 
zorritosensis,   Scapharca,  69 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF    THE 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  1,  pp.  1-35,  plates  1-6  July  21, 1925 


Pectens  from  the  Tertiary  of 
Lower  California 


BY 

Leo  G.  Hertlein 
Lel&nd  Stanford  Junior  University 


SAN  FRANCISCO 

Published  by  the  Academy 

1925 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  2,  pp.  37-75,  plates  7  and  8  July  21,  1925 


II 


Contribution  to  the  Tertiary  Paleontology 

of  Peru 


BY 

G.  DALLAS  HANNA 

AND 

MERLE  C.  ISRAELSKY 
Department  of  Paleontology 


SAN  FRANCISCO 

Published  by  the  Academy 

1925 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  8,  pp.  143-169,  plates  11-14         August  14,  1925 


VIII 


Anatomy  of  Lanx,  a  LimpeMike  Lymnaeid 

Mollusk 


BY 

H.    BURRINGTON   BaKER 

University  of  Pennsylvania 


PRINTED  FROM  THE 
JOHN  W.   HENDRIE  PUBLICATION  ENDOWMENT 


SAN  FRANCISCO 

Published  by  the  Academy 

1925 


V. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  12,  pp.  217-275,  text  figs.  1-2,  plates  15-19,  September  5, 1925 


XII 


Expedition  to  Guadalupe  Island,  Mexico, 

in  1922 


GENERAL  REPORT 


BY 

G.  Dallas  Hanna 

Curator,  Department  of  Paleontology 


PRINTED  FROM  THE 
JOHN  W.  HENORIE  PUBLICATION  ENDOWMENT 


SAN  FRANCISCO 

Published  by  the  Academy 

1925 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 

Fourth  Series 

Vol.  XIV,  No.  18,  pp.  427-503,  text  fig.  1,  plates  20-29       March  23, 1926 


XVIII 


Paleontology  of  Coyote  Mountain, 
Imperial  County,  California 


BY 

G.  Dallas  Hanna 

Curator,  Department  of  Paleontology 


PRINTED  FROM  THE 
JOHN  W.  HENDRIE  PUBLICATION  ENDOWMENT 


v-;r!\n>t7 


SAN  FRANCISCO  /\:\ 

1926  ! 


\^ 


"If^Y^-' 


PROCEEDINGS 

OP  THE 

CALIFORNIA    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCES 


Fourth  Series 


Vol.  XIV,  Nos.  19  and  20,  pp.  505-566 


April  28,  1926 


XIX 


Report  of  the  President  of  the  Academy 
for  the  Year  1925 


BY 


C.  E.  Grunsky 

President  of  the  Academy 


XX 


Report  of  the  Director  of  the  Museum 
for  the  Year  1925 


BY 


Barton  Warren  Evermann 

Director  of  the  Museum 


PRINTED  FROM  THE 
JOHN  W.  HENORIE  PUBLICATION  ENDOWMENT 


SAN  FRANaSCO 

PUBUSHED  BY  THE  ACADEMY 

1926 


Mm.  WHOl    I.IIIKAUY 


H    ITHA    D 


mii 


.if.-' 


K;ii 


V,l' 


Uh 


.■^:t 


t'l; 


>i:^: 


ill 


■[■[y^ 


.   Lj, 


^^H 

^■^'n^i^Hu! 

m^^^H 

■  ♦; 

:•■; 

'('. 

'it; 

■  * 

'■V 

t;i:iiliil 

;.H';';m-  ;ti 


J  ■■  ^ 


»  !■ 


.r:  ;^.-:.''^''f- 

i.J.L! 

'*■;'■  '*■'  '•'■-., 

-  't';'! 

:'■'■'  :"■  J  h^i'J 

'■'''''■'.-  i  ■'    \  ■  ! 

t    ■■    •  , 

■  }''[■:':[•. 

' 

■ '  ''/-^y  '^ 

'.  ■      ,    _  > 

■HI 

*■,';• 

H 

':;'';    1 

,  vbB^H 

M      i' 

5i:'v< 


iu^