■ - '. ■ . . V. ■ '•
TI1K
ogTc^
yno»« *„ <r.
PROCEEDINGS
CV* Ay <
!lu . L I 8 R A R Y C
OF THE
LINNEAN SOCIETY
OF
NEW SOUTH WALES.
VOL. I.
[With Seventeen Plates.]
SYDNEY
PRINTED &: PUBLISHED POIR, THIS SOCIETY
^Y GlBBS, ^HALLARD, & po,, 108 j^ITT jBlREET,
AND SOLD BY THE SOCIETY
1877.
o$7*
(d
*
CONTENTS OF VOL. I.
PART I.
List of Members
Rules
Description of fourteen new species of Shells from Australia and the
Solomon Islands. By John Brazier, C.M.Z. S
Description of a new Ptilotis from the Endeavour. By E. Pierson
Ramsay, F.L.S., Curator Australian Museum
Notes on the Entozoa of a Sun Fish. By W. Macleay, F.L.S
Notes on a new species of Dendrophis from Cleveland Bay. By
, Willliam Macleay, F.L.S
Descriptions of eight species of Australian and Tasmanian Land
and Fresh Water Shells. By John Brazier, C.M.Z. S
On the Stone Implements of Australia and the South Sea Islands.
By James C. Cox, M.D., F.L. S. , &c
Description of a new Trichoglossus. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S.
A new genus and species of Rat Kangaroo. By E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S.
Notes on the Zoology of the Chevert Expedition. By William
Macleay, F.L.S
Characters of a new genus and species of Passerine Bird from the
Fiji Islands. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S
Descriptions of new species of Merula and Rhypidura from the Fiji
Islands. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S
Ornithology of the Chevert, Part I. By George Masters
A new Pachycephala from Fiji. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S
A new Pachycephala from New Britain. By E. P. Ramsay, F L.S.
Description of a new Lamprolia. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S
The Avi-fauna of the Fijian Group. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S.
Description of a new Bat. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S
Annual Address. By the President
Page
iii
vii
9
12
15
17
21
30
33
36
41
43
44
65
66
68
69
81
83
27763
IV. CONTENTS.
PART II.
Page.
Description of two species of Helix from Queensland. By John
Brazier, C.M.Z.S 97
Description of thirty-five new species of Land Shells collected during
the Chevert Expedition. By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S 98
Notes on a Collection of Geological Specimens from Torres Straits
and New Guinea. By C. S. Wilkinson, Government Geologist 113
List of Land Shells of the Chevert Expedition. By John Brazier,
C.M.Z.S 117
Description of a new Ptilinopus from New Hebrides. By E. Pierson
Eamsay, F.L.S 133
Description of a new Plover from North Australia. By E. Pierson
Eamsay, F.L.S 135
Description of a species of Pupina from Barrow Island. By John
Brazier, C.M.Z.S 136
The Araneides of the Chevert Expedition. By H. H. B. Bradley, Esq. 137
The Pleurotomidae of the Chevert Expedition. By John Brazier,
C.M.Z.S 151
On a new species of Kangaroo from New Guinea. By E. Pierson
Eamsay, F.L.S 162
Notes on some New Guinea Coleoptera. By William Macleay, F.L.S. 164
PAET III.
List of Marine Shells, with Descriptions of the new species collected
during the Chevert Expedition. By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S 169
List of Australian Game Birds and other species which should be
protected by the "Game Preservation Act." By E. Pierson
Eamsay, F.L.S., Curator of the Museum, Sydney 182
Eemarks on a supposed new species of Pocphila. By E. Pierson
Eamsay, F.L.S 197
List of Shells collected during the Chevert Expedition. By John
Brazier, C.M.Z.S 199
CONTENTS.
PAKT IV.
Page.
Remarks on the large number of Game Birds which have of late been
offered for sale in Sydney. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S.,
Curator of the Australian Museum 215
On some new forms of Arachuidae. By H. H. B. Bradley, Esq. (with
plate) 220
List of Shells collected during the Chevert Expedition. By John
Brazier, CM. Z.S 224
On a new genus of Arachnids. By H. H. B. Bradley, Esq. 240
Observations on the genus Risella. By Rev. J. E. Tenison- Woods,
F.L.S., F.G.S., &c.,&c 242
List of Shells collected during the Chevert Expedition, with Descrip-
tions of the new species. By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S 249
The Ichthyology of the Chevert Expedition. By Haynes Gibbes
Alleyne, M.D., and William Macleay, F.L.S. (with plates) 261
Note on Pocphila Gouldia?. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S. .... 281
Continuation of the Mollusca of Chevert the Expedition. By John
Brazier, C.M.Z.S. .. .. .. .. .. 283
Notes on the Entomology of New Ireland. By William Macleay, F.L.S. 301
Notes on Lsevicardium Beechii. By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S. . . 300
Description of a new species of Halmaturus, from New Ireland. By
E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., Curator of the Australian Museum 307
Description of a new species of Perameles, from New Ireland. By
E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., &c. .. .. .. .. 310
Continuation of the Mollusca of the Chevert Expedition. By John
Brazier, C.M.Z.S. .. .. .. .. .. 311
The Ichthyology of the Chevert Expedition (2). By Haynes Gibbes
Alleyne, M.D., and William Macleay, F.L.S. (with eight plates.) 321
Description of a new species of Petroyale, from the Palm Islands.
By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., &c. .. .. .. 359
VI. CONSENTS.
Page.
Notes on the Nidincation of Geobasileus reguloides and chrysorrhous.
By George Masters, Curator of the Macleayan Museum. . . 361
Continuation of the Mollusca of the Chevert Expedition. 13y John
Brazier, CM. Z.S. .. .. .. .. .. 362
Notes of a collection of Birds, from New Britain, New Ireland, and
the Duke of York Islands, with some remarks on the Zoology of
the Group. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S.. . .. .. 369
Note on Perameles Cockerellii. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., &c. 378
Notes of a collection of Birds from the Norman River, Gulf of Car-
pentaria. By M. Le Comte de Castelnau, Consul General of
France, and E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L S. , &c. . . .. .. 379
Notes on a collection of Birds from Fort Moresby, with descriptions
of new species. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L. S. .. .. 386
Annual Address by the President . . . . . . . . 396
INDEX TO VOL. I.
Abretia tenera . .
Achirus pavoninus
Acus Chloratus . .
Jukesi
maculatus . .
tenera
Actitiuais bartramius
Actites empusa . .
bypoleucos
Actodronias Australis
JEdicnemus grallarius
..Egialites bicinctus
hiaticula
inoruatus
Mastersi
monarcha
nigrifrons
ruficapillus
A la Mottah
Alcyone albiventris
pusilla . .
Alectrion rutilans
suturalis
Alvania Beani
Zetlaudica
Arnadina Gouldiae
Arnbassis Papuensis
Arnblynura Pealei
Amnicola Petterdiana
Sinisoniana
Amoria raaculata
Amphiprion percula
Amphiperas angulosa
brevis
Ovum
punctata
striatula
Aniycla abyssicola
inscripta
marias
merita . .
pudica . .
189
18
188,
PAGE.
253
347
253
253
253
253
184
394
01
60
384
188
394
188
135
188
188
384
332
48
48, 380
180
180
368
369
198
266
73
19
19
206
342
300
301
300
300
300
232
230
232
231
231
Anacbis clathrata
PAKE.
229
Digglesi
. ,
228
Gowllandi
, ,
229
lentiginosa
. .
228
regulus
. .
228
Auas na?vosa . . 195,
216
219
punctata . . 195,
216,
219
superoiliosa 77, 195,
216,
219
Auserauas melanoleuca 194,
217
219
220.
Anous leucocepbalus
* •
77
leucocapillus
64
, 80
rnelanops
• .
64
stolidus
. .
63
Antennarius urophthalinus
. ,
335
Apaturina Erminia
. ,
304
Aplouis cassinii . .
7S
, 79
cenerascens
. .
77
tabuensis
. .
79
Apooryptes lineatus
. .
332
Apollon auceps
175
gyrina ..
175
pusilla . .
. .
175
Apogou A ru biennis
. .
267
Balinensis
, ,
267
endeka-tcertia . .
. .
267
f asciatus
. ,
267
guttulatus
267
novein-fasciatus
. .
267
Apogouicbtbys Darnleyensis
. .
268
maruioratus
. ,
268
Architectonica purpurata
. .
286
Arcularia callosa
. ,
179
nana ...
. .
179
Thersites
. .
180
Ardea jugularis
, .
80
Javanica . .
. ,
78
Nova>Hollandia3 . .
61,
191
Ardea cinerea
. ,
191
Pacifica
191
,386
sacra
, ,
80
Sumatrana
• •
191
vni.
INDEX.
Ardetta pulsilla
l'AUK.
. . 192
Bembicium pictum
'AGE.
243
Argiope lunata
.. 143
Beruicla jubata . .
217
picta
.. 141
Birostra volva
301
protensa
.. 144
Bithinia byalina . .
9
regalis
.. 141
Biziura lobata
196,
216
219
variabilis
.. 141
Bodianus maculatus
265
Arms nasutus
. . 348
Botaurus Australia
192
,219
thalassinus
.. 348
poiciloptilus .
. .
219
Arses Kaupi
.. 51
Bothriocephalus microc
ephalus
12
telescopthalmus . .
.. 391
Bruchigavia Gouldi
. ,
62
Artamus albiventris
.. 380
Buceros flavicollis
, .
393
leucopygialis . .
18, 380, 392
ruficollis
. .
37
mentalis
.. 71
Buccinum albescens
, .
179
vitiensis
.. 71
amygdala
. .
200
Astyris lata
.. 232
arcularia
178
Astur approximaus
.. 45
Chinense
. .
234
cruentus
.. 79
coronatum
. .
177
etorques
.. 378
crenulatum .
180
Mulleri
.. 387
dolium
, .
235
rufitorques
69, 79
gemmulatum .
. .
178
Athene streuua
.. 38S
(irrmeri
. .
181
Atherina lacunosa
.. 340
maculatum .
. .
253
piuguis
.. 340
marginulatum
179
Aulica pulchra
.. 205
pictum
180
rutila
. . 206
senticosum .
176
Sophia
. . 205
suturale
Thersites
*•
180
179
Bade raottah
.. 348
vibex . .
181
234
Bagrus biliueatus
.. 348
Bulimus Beddomei
. .
127
carchariorhynchus
.. 348
Macfarlandi
4
ueturna
.. 348
Macleayi
108
, 126
rhodouotus
.. 348
Pacificus
. .
127
thallassinus
.. 348
Tuckeri..
. .
127
Balistes aculeatus
.. 355
Walli . .
, ,
127
biaculeatus
. . 354
Bulla rapa
. .
201
Batocera Wallacei
39, 40, 303
terebellum
. ,
294
Bathilda ruficauda
54
Bursa anceps
175
Batrachus Diemeusis
.. 335
bitubercularis
. .
175
dubius
. . 335
gyrina
175
Dussuinieri . .
.. 335
pulchella . .
176
indicus
. . 279
pusilla
. .
175
Baza cristata
.. 388
rana
. .
175
stenozoa
.. 387
Butoroides flavicollis
. ,
192
subcrista
. . 388
Javanica
62,
192,
395
Belideus ariel
.. 395
macrorhynchf
k
129
Belone annulata
.. 349
brachyrhyucus
.. 349
Cabestana labiosurn
173
cylindrica
. . 349
Cacatua galerita . .
.'57,
383,
394
medica
. . 349
gymnops
383
melanurus
. . 349
sanguinea
.' 50,
383,
384
melauotus . .
. . 348
Cadus casis
235
Bembicium melanostoniurrj
. . 245
Calliomorus chacca
268
nanum
. . 243
indicus
268
IM)K.\.
IX.
Callionyinus indicns
PAGE.
. 278
Carpophaga spilorrhoa .
PAGE.
. . 394
Callithea oblescus
. 214
Vitiensis
76
Caloruis Cantori . .
. 393
Casarca tadoruoides
195, 219
cantoroides
. 393
Cassidea comuta . .
. . 234
nietallica
. 54
vibex . .
. . 234
Calyptorhyncusnmcrorhynchus
58, 383
Cassis cornuta
.. 234
Campephaga huineralis . . 3
80, 392
cornutus . .
.. 234
Jardiuii . . 3
83, 392
labiata
.. 234
Kara
. 48
pila
. . 234
maculosa . .
. 72
Thomsoni . .
8
Cancellaria Australis
. 311
vibex
. . 234
bicolor
. 311
Casmaria Thomsoni
8
lamellosa . .
. 311
vibex . .
. . 234
macrospira . .
. 311
Casuarinus Australis
.. 186
obliquata
. 311
Catinus planulatus
. . 239
Cancilla circulata
. 208
Centropus macrourus .
.. 57
duplilirata
. 208
melanurus
383, 394
filaris
. 208
Ceratodus Fosteri
2
hebes
. 209
Cereopsis Novre-Hollandi,
b . . 194
interlirata
. 209
Cerithidea Charbonnieri
. . 320
pura
. 209
Kieneri
.. 321
Canerium dentatus
. 293
Layardi
. . 321
elegans
. 293
Cerithium abbreviatum.
. . 316
luhuanus
. 293
balteatum
.. 314
Caprimulgus macrus
. 46
bicanaliferum
.. 317
Carangoides citula
. 323
Charbonnieri
.. 320
Caranx armatus . .
. 323
columna
.. 314
bellaDgeri
. 324
eximium
.. 315
bucculentus
. 326
fasciatum
. . 318
Cheverti
. 324
fuscatum
.. 316
ciliaris
. 323
fusiforme
. . 315
cirrhosus
. 323
gracile
. . 316
citula
. 323
granosum
.. 315
defensor
. 323
Kinnerii
.. 321
edentulus
. 327
Layardi
.. 321
fallax
. 324
leminscatum. .
.. 314
Fosteri
. 324
line at um
.. 319
georgianus
. 327
nodulosa
.. 313
hippos
. 323
nodulosum .
.. 313
laticaudis
. 325
Novaa-Holland]
33 ..314
lepturus
. 326
minimum
.. 317
Lessoni
. 324
mitrffiformis . .
315, 316
Papuensis
. 325
moniliferum .
.. 314
petaurista
. 327
morus
. . 315
p'atessa ..
. 327
pulchrum
.. 318
Euppellii
. 327
recurvum
.. 319
sexfasciatus
. 324
rhodostoma .. .
.. 316
Cardium Beechei
. 306
rostratum
.. 316
Carpophaga latrans
. 76
rubus
.. 316
microcera . .
. 72
salebrosum . .
.. 315
Mulleri
. 394
sulcatum
.. 319
pacifica
.• 79
telescopium . .
. . 320
pinon
. 394
turritum
. . 316
X.
INDEX.
Ceritbium unicarinatum
variegatum . .
vertagus
violaceum
Cethosia obscura
Cbaerops cephalotes
cyanodon
notatus
Cbalcites basalis
roiuutillus
Cbalcopsitta cloropterus
rubifrons . .
scintilla . .
Cbalcopbaps chrysoclora
longirostris
Cbaropa nupera
Cbaradrius falvus
belvetica
lougipes
orieutalis
Cbeilolabrus maguilabris
Cbenopis atratus
Cbelycomis ciuctus
circffi
consul
Desbayesi . .
magus
spectrum . .
stratus
Cbibia bracteata
Cbicoreus adustus
axicornis
corrugatus . .
cervicornis . .
ramosus
Cbirocentrus dorab
bypselosoma
Cblamydodera cerviniventris
nucbalis
Cblamydocben jubata . .
Cbcetodon f alcatus
longimanus . .
punctatus
vorticosus . .
Cborinemus lysan
toloo
Cbrysame fraga
rotundilirata. .
tabanula
Cbrysama Febciffl
Gouldii
luteovirens . .
victor
58,
PAGE.
320
314
318
319
301
344
344
344
383
383
393
393
393
183
183
18
76
. . 1ST
76, 218
.. 60
.. 345
. . 194
. . 290
. . 290
. . 290
. . 289
. . 290
. . 289
. . 290
50
. . 170
.. 171
.. 171
.. 171
.. 170
.. 351
.. 351
. . 393
. . 382
194, 216
.. 277
.. 277
. . 277
.. 277
. . 328
. . 328
.. 210
. . 209
.. 209
.. 74
.. 74
.. 74
:, 75
Cbrysama viridis
PACK.
.. 75
Cicindella ancboralis
. . 166
arancipes
. . 165
longipes
.. 166
Maino
.. 165
psammodromus
.. 166
Kamesia
.. 166
tenuipes
.. 166
Cinclus interpres
.. 189
Cinnyris frennata
.. 390
Circus assimilis
.. 77
Gouldii
.. 79
Cisticola isura
.. 380
lineocapilla
.. 53
Citula armata
. . 323
ciliaria
. . 323
plumbea
. . 323
Cladorbyncbus pectoralis 188
217, 219
Clathurella amabilis
.. 154
arctata
.. 155
argillacea . .
.. 156
Barnardi . .
. . 157
crassilabrum
. . 156
dasdala
.. 155
Damleyensis
.. 154
debilis
.. 155
donata
.. 155
Fusoides
.. 155
languida
.. 154
Macleayi
.. 157
pyramidula
.. 156
quisqualis . .
.. 157
Eamsayi
.. 157
rava
.. 156
spurca
.. 156
tincta
.. 155
tricolor
.. 158
Cleis posticalis
.. 305
Climacteris melanotus . .
. .' 382
Clupea delicatula
.. 350
dentex
.. 351
dorab
.. 351
gibbosa
.. 350
macassariensis . .
.. 350
tembang
.. 350
Clupeoides macassariensis
.. 351
Clava rubus
.. 316
Clavatula amabilis
.. 154
argillacea
.. 156
debilis
.. 155
donata
.. 155
nitens
.. 154
quisqualis
.. 157
INDEX.
XI.
•
Clavatula rava
PAGE.
. . 156
Conus cinctus
PAGE.
. 290
Sinensis
. 152
circe
. 290
spurca..
156
ccelebs
. 291
Colocalia spadiopygia . .
70
consul
. 290
Collocalia Vanicorensis . .
. 79
Deshayesi
. 289
Columbella abyssicola . .
232
emaciatus
. 288
clatnrata
229
figulinus
. 288
contaminata
228
flavidus
. 288
dercnestoides
231
glans
. 292
Digglesi
228
magus
. 290
Essingtonensis
229
marrnoreus
. 287
fulgurans
226
musicus
. 287
Gowllandi . .
229
nanus
. 287
inscripta
230
neglectus . .
. 288
intertexta . .
227
nussatellata
. 291
intexta
227
Peasei
. 288
lata
332
pra?cellens
. 289
lentiginosa . .
228
spectrum
. 289
lineolata
231
striatus
. 290
Maria;
230
suturatus
. 287
mendicaria . .
233
Sophia
7
merita
231
tenuistriatus
. 291
nivosa
227
terebellum
. 291
pudica
231
terebra
. 291
pumila
228
textile
. 291
punctata
226
Coralliophila squamulosus
. 201
regulus
228
Corasia Wisemani
3
scripta
226, 227
Coronaxis musicus
. 287
versicolor
226, 227
nanus
. 287
Collurieincla brunnea . .
380, 391
Corvus australis
. 54
parvula
.. 50
orrii
. 392
superciliosa
.. 50
Costellaria amanda
. 213
Conokelix conicus
. . 214
arenosa
. 212
Conoelix marmoratus . .
.. 214
armillata
. 213
Conger altipirmis
.. 351
delicata
. 214
cinercus
.. 351
longispira
. 214
marginatus
. . 351
lubens
. 213
noordzicki
.. 351
Michaui
. 213
Conophila rufigularis . .
.. 55
Coturnix pectoralis
. 185
Conulus Barnardensis . .
102, 120
Cottus Madagascariensis
. 279
Darnleyensis . .
.. 102
spatula
. 278
Elleryi ..
.. 120
Cracticus Quoyi
. 48
Grenvillei
104, 121
Crocodilus Johnstoni
12
Maino
101, 120
Cronia amygdala
. 200
Nepeanensis
102, 121
Craspedophora magnifica
. 57
pampini
.. 121
Crassispira alabaster
. 154
Porti
104, 121
Crayracion manillensis . .
. 357
Keedei
101, 120
Cuculus castaneiventris . .
. 74
Starkei
103, 121
infuscatus
. 74
turriculata
.. 119
insperatus
. 394
Conus aculeifornis
. . 289
pallidus
. 383
amaria
.. 291
simus
. 74
capitaneus
•
289
Cupido Cleotas . .
. 305
Xll.
INDEX.
pac;e.
•
I- AGE.
discus chrysorrhous
.. 395
Cythara Marginelloides . .
, .
161
Cyanalcyon Macleayi
.. 47
pellucida
. .
160
Cyclophorus Beddomei . .
113, 129
ponderosa
. ,
159
Whitei . .
113, 129
pessulata
. ,
159
Cyclopsitta suavissinius . .
387, 393
vittata
. .
161
Cylinder omaria
. . 291
textile
. . 291
Daeelo cervina
47
, 182
Cylindra crenulata
. . 214
gaudichaudi
. .
389
Cylindrus tigriuus
. . 202
gigas
. .
182
Cymatrum lotorium
. . 173
intermedins
, .
389
Cynibiura Diadema
. , 201
Leachi . . 182,
379
,389
Georgina
. . 203
macrorhynchus . .
. .
390
umbilicatuui . .
. . 203
Dactylus coeruleus
. .
202
Cygnus atratus . . 19-1
216, 219
porphyriticus . .
202
Cynthia Arsinoe . .
.. 304
tigriuus
. .
202
Cyprasa annulus . .
. . 296
viridescens
. ,
201
Arabica
. . 296
Dauais Erippus
. ,
305
asillus
44, 295
Daphnella marmorata . .
. .
159
Caurica
.. 298
ornata
158
cylindrica
. . 223
pluricarinata
. .
159
errones
7, 297
tubula
. ,
158
erosa
. . 297
Datnia caudovittata
. .
270
fimbriata
. . 295
Deddi-jella
. .
348
globosa
.. 299
Demiegretta Grayi
, .
61
grando
. . 298
jugularis . . -
. .
61
interstincta
.. 299
Dendrocygna Eytoni
195
386
isabella
. . 295
guttulata . .
395
limacena
44, 299
vagans 77, 195,
217
, 386
lynx
.. 296
Dendrophis calligastra . .
. .
15
miliaris
44, 297
gracilis
. .
15
olivacea
. . 297
punctulata . .
, .
15
oryza
.. 298
Dentex furcosus
. .
271
ovum
. . 297
Dermatocera vitrea
. .
129
pellucidula
.. 299
Diacope immaculata
. .
266
producta
. . 299
Sebffi
. .
265
quadrimaculata . .
. . 295
Siamensis
. .
265
Hop bias
7, 297
Waigiensis
. .
266
subflava
. . 297
Diadema Alimena
. .
304
staphylaea
4, 300
Misippus
304
sulcata
.. 299
Diagramma crassilabre . .
, .
271
tigris
.. 296
Dibolomycter longicauda
. •
356
vitellus
.. 296
Dicasum hirundinaceum
56
vitrea
.. 298
Dicrurus carbonarius
. .
392
Walkeri
44, 297
Diomedea melanophrys . .
. .
64
Cypselus terras reginsa . .
.. 46
Diplommatina Gowlandii
130
Cythara abyssicola
.. 160
Discus Lomonti
101
119
angulata
. . 160
Distoma contortum
. .
13
balteata
.. 170
Distorsio decipiens
• .
176
bicolor
. . 161
Ditropis Beddomei
113,
129
capillacea
.. 159
Whitei ..
• .
129
cylindrica
. . 159
Dolium Aust. seu, Chinense
. .
234
Goodalli
.. 160
Chinense
. ,
234
maculata
.. 160
nmbriatum . .
,
235
INDEX,
X1U.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Dolium variegatuni
. . 234
Epeira mangareva
.. 144
Domicella cardinalis
67, 393
maritima
. . 145
fuscatus
.. 393
Mastersi
.. 146
solitarius
.. 74
producta
.. 144
Donacola castaneothorax
.. 54
pthisica . .
. . 146
nigriceps
. . 392
strangnlata
.. 146
Dorcasia aridorum
. . 123
trigona
.. 144
Blackalli
1
Epbippus punctatus longimanus 277
Duukiensis
. . 122
Epidromus Angasi
.. 174
Drepane longiinana
.. 277
Bednalli
6
punctata
.. 277
Epidromus Brazieri
..6,174
Drillia alabaster
.. 154
Coxii..
..6,174
Mastersi
. . •
. . 153
Epizoa
.. 12
nitens
. • .
.. 154
Epthianura aurifrons . .
.. 381
putilla
• •
.. 152
crocea
. . 380
radula
. • •
.. 153
Erato angyrostoma
.. 226
Sinensis
• • •
. . 152
gallinacea
. . 226
Spaldingi
• .
.. 153
Erismatura Australis
196, 220
Tayloriana
.. 152
Erythra quadristrigata . .
. . 194
varicosa . .
. . 152
Erythranchaena kuuieralis
.. 59
Promaius irroratus
.. 186
Erythrogonys cinctus
.. 188
Novae Hollandiffi
.. 186
Esacus niagnirostris
59,. 187
Drusilla catops . .
.. 304
Esox chirocentrus
. . 351
Dryniodes superciliaris . .
.. 52
espadon
.. 349
Dysporus sula?
.. 80
marginatus
.. 349
Estrilda Bichenovii
.. 382
Ebasa prajcincta
.. 147
ruficauda
.. 382
Echidna variegata
. . 352
Endromias Australis
.. 187
Echineis albicauda
. . 322
veredus
.. 187
Australis
.. 322
Eulabeornis castaneiventris
.. 193
fusca
.. 322
Eulima acicula
.. 284
naucrates
.. 321
acuta
.. 284
remora
.. 321
amabilis
.. 285
vittata
.. 322
bilineata
.. 285
Eclectus polychlorus
. . 393
brevis
.. 284
Eione nana
.. 180
cuspidata
.. 283
Eleotris elongata. .
.. 334
grandis
.. 283
lineata
.. 334
lactea
.. 284
Endynamys Tatiensis . .
.. 79
Martini
.. 283
Engina lauta
. . 233
modicilla
.. 284
lineata
. . 233
nitens
. . 285
Eutomophila albogularis
. . 383
polygyra
. . 284
rufigularis
. . 383
tortuosa
.. 285
Entozoa
12
vitrea
. . 283
Eopsaltiia brunnea
. . 391
Enmecostylus Macfarlaudi
4
leucura
52, 380
Eupleura pulchella
.. 176
Eos fuscatus
.. 387
Eupodotus Australis
186, 219
torrida
.. 387
Eurostopodus guttatus . .
.. 46
Epeira biapicata . .
.. 144
Eurystomus crassiotris . .
. . 389
caudaba
.. 147
pacificus . .
37, 389
cylindroides
.. 145
Exocoelus nigripinnis . .
.. 350
fuscipes
.. 149
Macleayi
.
.. 145
Falcinellus igneus
. . 190
XIV.
INDEX
193, 218,
Fierasfer Homei
Fregetta rnelanogaster . .
Fulica Australis 193, 218,
Fulmarus cserulens
Macgillivrayi . .
Galaxias aridorum
Galeola tigrina
Gallinago Australis
Gallinula ruficrissa
tenebrosa
Gallinula Campbelli
canarium
columba
ruficrissa
variabilis
vittatus
Gambetta pulveruleutus
Gasteracantba crucigera
flavomaculata
minax
sacerdotalis
suminata
variegata . .
Gasterosteus volitans . .
Gastrophysus alboplunibeus
rnicropbtbalinu
Gastrotokeus biaculeatus
Genyoroge sebae
unicolor
Geobasileus chrysorrhous
reguloides . .
Geopelia cuneata
humeralis 184,
longirostris
placida. .
tranquilla
Geophaps scripta
Smitbii
Geotrochus Brazierae . .
Brenchleyi . .
Fergusoni . .
Macgillivrayi
yulensis
Siculus
Strabo
zeno
Geopsittacus occidentalis
Geronticus spinicollis . .
Gerreomorpha rostrata . .
Gerres abbreviatus
bispiuosus
carinatus
PAGE.
. . 347
.. 64
219, 386
.. 78
.. 78
61,
184,
384,
184, 384,
107,
105,
106,
106,
107,
190.
123
202
190
193
219
292
292
292
395
292
293
384
138
138
138
138
138
138
278
358
358
354
265
266
361
361
384
394
394
394
184
183
183
126
3
4
125
125
126
126
126
196
385
274
272
273
273
PAGE.
Gerres Cbeverti 272
longicaudis . . . . 272
Gerrosoma Papense . . . . 223
Gerygone albogularis . . . . 362
personata . . . . 51
simplex . . . . 52
Gibberula pisurn . . . . 225
Glareola grallaria . . . . 188
orientalis . . . . 188
Glossopsitta amabilis . . . . 30
Australis . . . . 32
Glottis glottoides . . 61, 219, 384
Glyciphila subfasciata . . . . 55
Glypbidodon Bankieri . . . . 343
Gobiodon ceramensis . . . . 333
verticalis . . . . 333
Gobius criniger . . . . . . 330
Darnleyeusis . . . . 331
uigripinuis . . . . 332
ornatus . . . . . . 331
Goura D'Albertisi . . 387, 394
coronata . . . . . • 387
Gracula Dumonti . . . . 392
Gramrnistes servus . . . . 270
Grauculus bypoleucus . . 48, 380
melanops . . 48, 380
Grus Australasianus 190, 219, 385
Guara terebra . . . . • . 323
Guthuruium encausticum . . 174
gracile . . . . 173
sacrostoma . . 173
Gygis Candida . . . ■ • • 78
Gyrunocorus senex . . . • 392
Gymnotborax Agassizi . . 352
cancellatus . . 352
ecbidna . . • • 352
isingleenoides . . 353
melanospilos . . 353
nebulosus . . 352
pseudotbyrsoidea 353
Hadra Bayensis . . • • 2
bipartita .. .. •• 124
Cookensis ; . . 17, 125
Fosteriana . . • • 125
Hamrf 97
Palmensis . . 105, 124
rufofasciata . . • • 17
semicastanea . . • • 124
Tbomsoni . . • • 97
Haematopus fuliginosus 60, 187, 385
longirostris 60, 187
niger . . • • 384
INDEX,
XV.
Haematopus opthalinicus
Halcyon Macleayi
pyrrhophygia . .
sanctus
Haliaetus leucogaster 196, 3
sphenurus
Haliastur leucostomus . .
Halmaturus Brownii
crassipes . .
Harpalus Papuensis
Hastula marmorata
spectabilis
Hebra Gruneri
vibex
Helicarion Brazieri
Helicina Coxeni
fumigata
Gouldiana
Macleayi
Maino
reticulata
Sophiae
Yorkensis
Helix aculeata
annulus
aridorum
avidoruin
Baruardensis
Bayensis
Beddomei
bipartita
Blackalli
Brazierae
Brenchleyi :
brevipila
capillacea
Cassandra..
Cookensis
Coxeni
crotali
cyclostomata
D'Albertisi
Darnleyensis
Delessertiana
Dunkiensis
Elleryi
Endeavourensis . .
Forsteriana
Franklandiensis . .
( iayndabensis
Grenvillei
Hanni
lietaera
PAGR.
PAGE.
. . 385
Helix Hobsoni . .
. ,
99, 122
.. 390
irnpexa
, .
.. 118
.. 380
Incei
, #
. . 3, 97
380, 390
•Tame si
99, 122
379, 387
Jannellii . .
. . 125
. . 387
Kreffti
.. 118
.. 45
Langleyana
. ,
.. 18
. . 307
Lombei
.. 107
162, 395
Lomonti . .
101, 119
.. 168
Macgillivrayi
. .
.. 125
.. 254
Maino
101, 120
.. 254
Merziana . .
.. 101
.. 181
Milligani . .
, ,
.. 18
.. 181
Nepeanensis
. .
102, 120
. . 129
nupera
, .
.. 18
111, 131
pachystyloides
.. 126
.. 131
Palmensis . .
. . 105
. . 131
perspectiva
, .
.. 104
112, 131
Porti
104, 121
112, 131
Reedyi
101, 120
.. 132
rufofasciata
t
.. 17
4
Russellii . .
# ,
103, 120
. . 131
rustica
.. 117
.. 104
Sappho
100, 119
100, 119
scabra
. . 363
. . 123
semibadia . .
.. 124
. . 123
semicastanea
..
124, 126
102, 120
Siculus
.. 106
2
Spaldingii . .
# m
103, 121
98, 121
Starkei
103, 121
. . 124
Strabo
.. 106
1
Strangei . .
, m
. . 122
.. 107
strangulata
, #
.. 123
3
Swainsonii
.. 101
2
Tomsoni . .
.. 97
.. 99
Tuckeri
.. 123
.. 17
turriculata .
, ,
.. 119
17, 125
villaris
.. 118
2
Yorkensis . .
.. 118
.. 118
Yulei
.. 97
.. 124
Yulensis . .
.. 105
104, 123
Zeno
.. 107
. . 102
Hemiramphus brevirostris
. . 349
.. 123
commersonii
.. 349
. . 122
far
. t
. . 350
.. 120
lntkei
. ,
.. 349
. . 123
rnarginatus
.. 349
.. 125
Quo.yi
. .
. . 350
99, 122
Heptadactylus larnbis
. . 294
2
radix-bryonia
. . 294
104, 121
Heptadecanthus longicaudis
. . 343
.. 97
Hermes nussatellata
. .
. . 291
. . 125
tenuistriatua
. ,
. . 291
XVI.
INDEX.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Hermes terebellum
, ,
291
Lebia Papuensis
t ,
167
Herodias alba
. .
191
Leiopoa ocellata
# fc
184
asha
191
, 386
Leiostraca bivittata
, #
285
egrettoides
. .
191
Lepidurus viridis
. ,
32
garzetta .
191
, 386
Leptoconus aculeiformis
. ,
289
immaculata
395
prsecellens . .
, .
289
rnelanopus
191
Leptopoma vitreum
. ,
129
picata
152
, 386
Leptotarsis Eytoni
195
,217
sacra
. .
192
Lernea ...
, B
13
Hiaticula inornata
, .
136
Lethrinus Banhamensis
. m
276
Hieracidea orientalis
. ,
379
chrysostomus
m m
276
Hieracoglaux conniveus. .
45
,379
laticaudis
t ,
276
Hima derrnestina
, .
181
nematacanthus
. ,
275
mirostoma..
. .
181
Papuensis
, .
276
unifasciata
. .
181
Leucazonia picta. .
. .
203
Hirnantopus leucocephalus
188,
217,
Leucomelaana Norfolciensis
58
182
384
Leucosarcia picata
. .
183
Hindsia suturalis
177
Leucospiza Novas Hollandiae
, .
45
Hippocampus Novae-Hollandia?
354
Limosa melanuroides . .
. .
189
Hiruudo freteusis
. .
388
uropygialis . . 60
,76
189
frontalis
. .
389
Lithoconus emaciatus . .
288
Tahitica .
. .
77
flavidus
. .
288
Holocantkus pilosus
. ,
356
Peasei
. .
288
Holocentrus servus
. .
270
suturatus . .
, .
287
sexstriatus. .
. .
277
Littorina Australis
, .
243
Homalogrystes Guntheri
. .
269
intermedia
. ,
262
Hydrochelidon leucopareia
, .
386
malaccana
. .
363
panayensis
melanacme
363
Hylochelidon nigricans 37,
379,
389
nebulosa
363
Hypotasnidia Phillippensis
77
218
picta
362
Hypsiprymnodon moschatus
33
scabra
363
undulata
. .
363
Ibis falcinellus
. .
385
Lobivanellus lobatus
187
,217
ingens
. .
190
miles
384
strictipennis
190
personatus
187
Ichtbyocampus maeulatus
353
Lopholaimus antarticus . .
58
,183
Imbricaria conica
. .
214
plagosus . .
. .
362
Ino corrvtgatus
. .
319
Lophopbaps ferruginea . .
183
Ispidula cceruleus
• •
202
leucogaster
>6
erythrostoma . .
202
plumiera . .
Lorius aruensis
Junonia vellida
*•
304
chlorocercus
Heteroclitus
Lalage nigrogulari*
. .
77
Lunatia Reynoldiana . .
orientalis
11
Strangei
terat
, ,
72
variabilis
2.
Lampas bituberculatus . .
. .
175
Laniprococcvx minutillus
. .
57
Machaerirhyncbus flaviventer
51
Lamprolia Klinesmithii . .
..68, 77
Macropygia Phasaniella . .
184
Victoria
..68,77
Malacorhynchus membranaceous
Larus Jamesonii
. .
196
105, 216,
219,
386
Lates nobilis
. .
263
Malurus arnabilis
52,
380
Lrevicardium Beechii
306
cruentatus
53,
380
INDEX.
XV11.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Malurus hypoleucus
52, 380
Mesoprion Waigiensis .
. 266
Lamberti
.. 53
Messaras Lampetia
. 304
Mamma deiodosa
.. 239
Meta decorata
. 148
Flemingiana . .
.. 239
granulata . .
. 148
pyriformis
.. 239
striatipes . .
. 148
Mangelia abyssicola
.. 160
Micrceca assimilis
51
angulata
.. 160
fascinans
. 380
balteata
.. 160
flavigaster
51
bicolor
.. 161
Microglossum aterrimuu
i
58, 394
capillacea
.. 159
Milvus affinis
. 387
contracta
.. 161
Mimeta affinis
. 54
cylindrica
.. 159
navocincta
. 54
gracilenta
.. 161
Miscellus Javanus
. 168
Goodalli
.. 160
morioformis .
. 168
bexagonalis
. . 162
imicolor
. 168
maculata
. . 160
Mitra adusta
. 207
ruarginelloides
... 161
Antonelli . .
. 212
pellucida
.. 160
arenosa
. 212
pessulata
.. 159
armillata . .
. 213
ponderosa
. . 159
aurantia
. 212
undaticosta
.. 161
aurantiacea
. 212
vittata
.. 161
circulata
. 208
Manucodia Gouldi
5)
conica
. 214
Mai garitif era Margaritifera
.. 174
corrugata . .
. 210
Marginella Candida
. . 225
costellario . .
. 210
fusiformis
. . 225
crenifera . .
. 208
guttula
.. 224
crenulata . .
. 214
lavigata
.. 225
curvilirata . .
. 211
pisum
.. 225
cylindracea
. 207
Mastacembelus choram. .
. . 349
delicata
. 214
crocodilus
. . 349
dichroa
. 210
Megaloprepia assimilis . .
58, 18-2
duplilirata . .
. 208
magnifica . .
.. 182
episcopalis
. 207
Megapodius assimilis
.. 59
filosa
. 208
Cuvieri
.. 394
formosa
. 212
Duperryi . .
.. 394
fraga
. 210
tumulus . . 5£
1, 184, 394
f ragra
. 210
Melanitis amabilis
. . 304
gi'anatina . .
. 208
Melanodryas picata
.. 380
hastata
. 212
Melidora Goldiei. .
.. 389
hebes
. 209
macrorhyncha
.. 390
interlirata . .
. 209
Melithreptus albogulaiis 5
3. 383,391
Jukesii
. 211
Melo diadem a
.. 204
longispina. .
. 214
GeorginsB
. . 203
lubens
. 213
mucronatus
.. 203
lugubris
. 207
umbilicatus. .
. . 204
Michaui . .
. 213
Menura Alberti
.. 182
Micbaudi . .
. 213
superba
.. 182
oblescus
. 214
Victorias
. . 182
perigra
. 210
Merops oruatus . . 37, 4
f, 379, 389
Peroni
. 212
Merula ruficeps
..43,73
plicaria
. 211
Mesocalius osculans
.. 57
plicata
. 210
Mesoprion SebaB
.. 265
pura
. 209
XV111.
INDEX.
Mitra rigida
rotundilirata
saturata
tabanula . .
toeniata
vulpecula . .
Mitrella contaminata
Essingtonensis
iritexta . .
Monarcha albiventris
carinata
trivirgata
Monocanthus Cheverti
Monodactylus Lamarcki
Mugil axillaris . .
delicatus . .
Mullus fasciatus . .
Mursena Agassizi
bullata . .
cancellata
firabriata
isingleeni
isingleenoides
melanospila
nebulosa
nubila . .
ophis
pseudothyroidea
totacinerea
undulata
Valenciennii
Murex adustus . .
axicornis . .
breviculus
brevispina
cervicoruis
coucatenatus
confusa . .
corrugatus
exiguus . .
eximius . .
gyrinus . .
hippocastanum
inflatus . .
labiosus . .
mancinella
molluccanus
mundus . .
nodulosus
pellucidus
pileare
ramosus . .
rana
PACK.
213
209
207
209
211
211
228
227
227
51
391
51
355
292
341
341
267
352
352
353
353
353
353
353
352
352
352
332
351
352
352
170
171
171
169
171
200
172
171
172
170
175
200
170
173
199
319
172
313
171
173
170
175
PAGE.
Murex rectirostris
.. 170
scalaris
.. 172
serratus
.. 316
sulcatus
.. 319
tenuispina
.. 169
tetragonus
.. 171
trigonularis
.. 171
tuberosus
.. 312
vertagus
.. 318
Muricidia mundus
. . 172
scalaris
.. 172
Muscylva LessoDi
.. 72
Myiagra azureocapilla . .
.. 77
latirostris
51, 380
plumbea
51, 380
rufiventris
.. 71
Myiolestes Henleyi
.. 77
rnacrorhyncha
.. 77
vitiensis
.. 72
Myrafra Horsiieldii
.. 382
Myristicivora spilorbea . . 3ri
\ 58, 182
Myurella cancellata
.. 255
ccelata
.. 255
columellaris
.. 255
undulata
.. 255
violascens
. . 255
Myzoniela erythrocephala
55
jugularis
.. 70
nigriventris . .
.. 77
obscura
.. 56
pectoralis
55
Napaeus pacificus
.. 127
Nasiterna pusio
67, 353
Naseus annulatus
.. 340
unicornis
.. 339
Nassa albescens
.. 179
arcularia
.. 178
callosa
.. 179
clathrata
.. 178
coronata
.. 177
crenulata
.. 180
delicata
.. 178
densigranata
. . 179
dermestina
.. 181
dispar
.. 178
gemmulata
.. 178
geinmulatum
.. 178
grapbiptera
.. 178
Gruneri
.. 181
lachrymosa
.. 178
luctuosa
.. 181
lurida
.. 178
INDEX.
XIX.
Nassa rnarginulata
PAGE.
.. 179
PAGE.
Numenius minor. . . . 61, 190, 385
mirostoma
.. 181
uropygialis 61, 190, 385, 394
nana
.. 180
Nyctalemon Acbillaria . .
. 305
picta
.. 180
Nycticorax Caledonicus . . (
31, 192
ravida
.. 179
Nyroca Australis 195, 216, 219, 386
rutilans
.. 180
semiplicata
.. 180
Obeliscus aclis
. 257
suturalis
.. 180
pulcbellus
. 257
Thersites
.. 179
terebelloides . .
. 256
unifasciata
.. 181
tessellatus
. 257
vibex
.. 181
Oceanites oceanica
. 64
Nassaria suturalis
.. 177
Ocinebra confusa
. 172
Natica albumen
.. 238
tetragonus
. 171
areolata
.. 236
Ocbtbodromus bicinctus
. 60
Chinensis..
. . 236
inornatus
. 60
Colliei
.. 236
Ocbtbepbila D'Albertisi . . 1(
)4, 123
deiodosa
.. 239
Odostomia affinis
. 259
Flemingiana
.. 239
clara
. 259
globosa
. . 235
compta
. 260
belvacea
.. 235
parvula
. 260
lineata
. . 235
polita
. 260
Maheense
.. 235
Odontonectes erytbrogaster
. 269
Marocbiensis
.. 236
OEdicnemus grallarius . .
59
maura
.. 238
Oligorus Macquariensis . .
. 269
melanostoma
.. 238
Olistus Malabaricus
. 323
melanostomoides
.. 238
Ruppelii
. 323
Piteveriana
.. 238
Oliva caldania
. 203
pyriformis v . .
.. 239
casrulea
. 202
Raynaudiana
.. 237
episcopalis
. 202
Raynoldiana
.. 237
erytbrostoma
. 202
Strangei
.. 237
porpbyritica
. 202
variabilis
.. 237
sanguinolenta
. 201
Nebularia adusta
.. 207
tessellata
. 202
suturata
. . 207
tigrina
. 202
Nectarinia Australis
56, 390
viridescens .
. 201
Nepbila fuscipes
.. 149
Olivella Caldania .
. 203
imperatrix
.. 149
Olivina Caldania. .
. 203
nigritarsis
.. 149
Onycboprion fuliginosa . .
. 63
procera
.. 150
Opeas Tuckeri
. 127
venosa
.. 149
Opistbognatbus maculatus
. 280
Nerita marochana
.. 236
Oriolus striatus
. 391
melanostoma
.. 238
Ornitboptera Cassandra. .
12
Nettapus albipennis
194, 217
Priamus . .
. 304
pulcbellus
194, 386
Urvilliana . .
. 304
Netuma nasuta
.. 348
Ortbogoriscus Mola
13
Neverita albumen
.. 238
Ortygometra quadristrigata
. 80
Peteveriana
.. 238
tabuensis . .
. 76
Niotbia albescens
.. 179
Ostracion bituberculatus
. 356
densigranata
... 179
cubicus
. 355
gemmulata
.. 178
cyanurus
. 356
rnarginulata
.. 179
immaculatus . .
. 356
ravida
.. 179
maculatus
. 356
Numenius cyanopus
190, 385
tetragonus
. 356
XX.
INDEX.
Ostracion tuberculatus . .
T.4GE.
. . 356
Ovula costellata
. . 300
ovif ormis
.. 300
volva
. . 301
Ovulum angulosum
.. 300
breve ...
.. 301
gallinaceum
.. 226
ovum
.. 300
punctatum
.. 300
striatulum
.. 300
volva
. . 301
Oxybeles Brandesii
.. 347
Homei . .
.. 347
Oxypbaps lopbotes
.. 184
Pachycepbala citreogaster
.. 66
falcata
.. 380
glaucura . .
.. 49
Grceffei . .
72, 77
gutturalis
.. 49
Kandavensis
65
macrorbyncba
.. 77
melanura . .
48, 380
optata
.. 72
robusta . .
.. 49
rufiveutris
. . 380
simplex . .
.. 391
torquata . .
.. 77
vitiensis . .
.. 72
Pacbymetopon grande . .
..'J275
squamosum
. . 275
Pcecilopbis variegata
. . 352
Pandion leucocepbalus . .
. . 379
Papilio Agamemnon
.. 304
Ambrax
. . 304
Ormenus
. . 304
Polydorus
. . 304
Sarpedon
.. 304
Ulysses
12, 304
Pagrus unicolor
. . 307
Paradisea raggiana
387, 393
Pardacbirus pavoninus . .
.. 347
Pardalotus rubricatus . .
.. 380
Patula Spaldingi. .
103, 121
Pedionomus torquatus . .
.. 185
Pelicanus conspicillatus
196, 386
Peltella Australia
.. 129
Pentapus Paradiseus
.. 272
Perameles Cockerellii . .
310, 378
Novas Guinea?
.. 395
Periopbtbalmus Australis
.. 334
Koeireuteri
.. 334
Peristernia Australiensis
. . 203
PAGE.
Petrogale assimilis . . . . 360
penicillata . . . . 361
Petroica pusilla . . . . . . 71
Petropbassa albipennis . . . . 184
Pezoporus formosus . . . . 196
Pbaston fcthereus . . . . 80
rubicaudus . . . . 80
Pbaps chalcoptera . . . . 183
elegans . . . . . . 183
histrionica . . . . 183
Phasinella nebulosa . . . . 263
Pberopsopbus Australis. . .. 166
Papuensis . . 166
verticalis.. .. 166
Pbilemon citreogularis . . . . 383
Novae Guineae . . 391
Pblegaenus starei . . 77, 78
Pblseodromius piceus . . . . 167
plagiatus . . 167
Pbos roseatus . . . . . . 176
rufocinetus . . .. .. 179
scalaroides . . . . . . 176
senticosus . . . . . • 176
spinicostatus . . . . 176
Pbysogaster oblongus . . . . 357
Piezorbyncbus nitidus . . 50, 391
Pirenella Layardi . . . • 321
Pitta simillima . . . . . • 54
strepitans .. .. ... 54
Planaria . . . • • • 35
Planaxis decollatus . . . . 364
sulcata . . . . 364
sulcatus . . • • 364
zonata . . . . . . 364
Planorbis meridionalis . . . . 20
Platalea flavipes 190
melanorbyncba . . 385
regia .. •• •• 190
Platax teira . . . . • • 330
Platycepbalus endracbtensis . . 279
insidiator . . 278
isacantbus . . 279
Platycercus bisginus . . . . 77
personatus . . . . 73
splendens . . . . 73
tabuensis . . . . 77
laviuniensis . . 77
Plectana variegata . . . . 138
Plectropoma areolatum . . . . 265
maculatum . . 265
punctatum . . 265
Pleuronectes pavoninus . . 347
Pleurotoma alabaster . . . . 154
INDEX.
XXI.
Pleurotoma amabilis
PAGE.
. 154
Porphyrio rnelanopterus
PAOE.
.. 395
arctata
. 165
melanotus . . 192,
218, 386
argillacea . .
. 156
vitiensis
.. 77
armillata
. 151
Porzana fluminea
. . 193
brevicaudata
. 152
palustris
.. 193
contracta . .
. 161
quadristrigata . .
.. 194
crassilabrum
. 156
tabuensis
.. 194
Daphnelloides
. 159
Vitiensis
.. 76
debilis
. 155
Potamides telescopium . .
.. 320
dcedala
. 155
Precis zelima
.. 304
donata
. 155
Pristipoma nigrum
. . 271
Fusoides
. 155
Promecocephalus argentatus
. . 357
gemmata . .
. 151
Prunurn lavigata
. . 225
gracilenta . .
. 161
Pseudolates cavifrons
.. 262
hexagonalis . .
. 162
Pseudoscarus flavolineatus
.. 346
jubata
. 152
nudirostris
.. 346
languida
. 154
rivulatus . .
.. 345
nitens
. 154
Ptenaedus rufescens
.. 382
omata
. 158
Pterapon trivittatus
.. 270
pluricariuata
. 159
Ptermotus pellucidus
.. 171
punctata
. 151
Pterocera bryonia
.. 294
putillus
. 152
lambis..
. . 294
pyramidula . .
. 156
truncata
. . 294
quisqualis . .
. 157
Pteroceras lambis
.. 294
radula
. 153
truncatum . .
. . 294
rava
. 156
Pterodroma macroptera . .
.. 64
reflexa
. 152
Pterois volitaus
.. 278
sinensis
. 152
Ptilinopus coronulatus . .
.. 394
spurca
. 156
Corriei
.. 133
subula
. 158
Ewingii
.. 182
Tayloriana . .
. 152
Mariae
.. 74
tincta
. 155
Perousei
.. 74
undaticosta . .
. 161
porphyraceus
.. 77
varicosa
. 152
superbus
.. 182
violacea
. 151
Swainsonii . .
58, 182
Plotus Novae Hollandiaa . . 3
86, 395
Ptilopus Lozonus
.. 394
Podargus Gouldi
. 45
Ptilotis carunculata
.. 70
Papuensis
46, 388
chrysops
.. 10
phalasnoides . .
.45,46
filigera
.. 55
Podiceps gularis
. 386
Lewinii
10
Poepbila atropygialis
. 382
Macleayana
.. 10
cincta . .
. 382
notata
.. 55
Gouldias . . 1
97, 291
procerior
.. 77
mirabilis . .197, 1
99,291
provocator
.. 70
personata
. 382
versicolor
10, 55
Poniacentrus littoralis . .
. 342
Ptilorhis Victorise
37,57
obscurus ;
. 343
Ptistes coccinopterus
.. 384
Pomatostomus isidori
. 391
Ptychosteema Alexandras
.. 35
superciliosus
. 382
Puffinus nugax
.. 80
temporalis
. 382
Pupa Macleayi . .
.. 110
Porphyria porphyriticus . .
. 202
Pacifica
. . 127
viridescens . .
. 201
Eossiteri
18
Porphyrio bellus
. 193
Pupina Angasi
5
xxn.
INDEX.
Pupina bilinquis
PAGE.
.. 130
Rbytida Hobsoni . .
99
PAGE.
122
Crossei
110, 130
Jarnesi . .
99
122
grandis
6
Langleyana
■ ■ ■
18
Macleayi
5
Rbizoconus capitaneus .
. . .
289
nitida
.. 136
Sopbise
• ■ •
7
Thomsoni
111, 130
Ricinula alveolata
• • •
233
ventrosa
.. 137
coucatenata
.
200
Pupinella Crossei
111, 1°0
lauta
• ■ ■
233
Purpura alveolata
.. 233
margiualba
• • •
201
amygdala
.. 200
mendicaria
• > •
233
anaxares
.. 201
niuricata
• ■ >
200
ecbinata
. . 200
ocbrostoma
.
200
hippocaBtaueum
.. 200
Risella aurata
. 243 to 248
lineata
.. 233
Bruni
244
mancinella
.. 199
irnbricata
.
244
squamulosus . .
.. 201
livida
• • •
244
Pustularia limaciua
.. 299
lutea
. 243 to 248
stapbylaea
.. 300
nielanostorna
. 243 to 248
Pyramidella aurisoati . .
.. 256
nana
243
248
cinctella
. . 261
plana
243
248
gracilis
. . 257
vittata
• > •
244
plicata
.. 256
Rissoina cardinalis
• • •
367
subulata
.. 256
cblatbrata
.
364
terebelloides
.. 257
Cumingi
. B m
365
Pyrazus sulcatus. .
.. 319
efficata . .
• • ■
366
Pyrula papyracea
. . 201
exasperata
. .
365
rapa
.. 201
gigantea
inconspicua
365
368
Quoyi decollata
.. 364
inermis
• •
367
Montrouzieri .
365
Rallina tricolor
. . 196
nodicincta
.
364
Rallus bracbipus . .
193, 218
pulcbella
• ■ •
367
Pbillippensis
. . 193
scalariana
365
Ranella albivaricosa
.. 175
teres
• • •
367
anceps
.. 175
Ruma Maura
• ■ •
238
pulcbella
.. 176
melanostoma
• * ■
238
pusilla
.. 175
inelanostomoides
, ,
238
pyramidalis
.. 175
Eapa papyracea
.. 201
Salarias auridens
. • .
338
tenuis
.. 201
biseriatus
• • •
336
Recurvirostra rubricollis
189, 217
cristiceps
• • •
338
Rbinopalpa Sabiua
.. 304
fasciatus
• • •
336
Rbipidura albiscapa
.. 44
rilamentosus .
• • ■
337
albogularis . .
.. 77
geminatus
• •
336
dryas
.. 380
irroratus
. • •
337
gularis
.. 391
lineolatus
. ■ •
336
isura
50, 391
Salmo tumbil
• ■ ■
348
personata
43, 72
Salticus bicurvatus
■ ■ ■
222
rufi irons
50, 380
Macleayanus .
■ .
220
Rbynchfea Australis
.. 190
plataleoides
.
222
Rbyncbaracbne dromeda]
-ia . . 241
Sarciopborus pectoralis.
187
,217
Rbytida Beddomei
98, 121
Sauloprocta melalenca .
. .
392
Franklandiensis
.. 122
motacilloid*
38
392
INDEX.
XX111.
Sauloprocta tricolor
PAGE.
. 392
Serranus Howlandi
PAGE.
.. 265
Saurida grandisquarnis . .
. 348
megachir
. . 263
turnbil
. 348
pardalis
. . 263
Saurus badimottah
. 348
Sigaretus eximius
.. 240
Scabricola crenifera
. 208
planulatus
.. 239
granatina
. 208
Sillago ciliata
.. 279
Sealaria aculeata
. 251
gracilis
.. 279
aurita
. 250
maculata
. . 279
casta
. 250
Simpulum gemmatum . .
. . 173
delicatula
. 250
pileare
.. 173
denticulata
. 251
Sistrum anaxares
.. 201
fimbriata
. 252
concatenatus . .
.. 200
hyaliua
. 251
marginalbum . .
.. 201
irregularis
. 249
muricatus
.. 200
muricata
. 251
ochrostoma
.. 200
obliqua
. 251
tuberculatum . .
.. 201
Phillippinarum
. 249
Sittella striata
.. 382
replicata
. 249
SmicoT-nis flavescens
.. 380
rubrolineata
. 250
Solarium ccelatum
.. 286
subnudata
. 250
dorsuosum
.. 286
tenui-costata . .
. 250
fenestratum . .
.. 287
turricula
. 250
purpuretum . .
.. 286
varicosa
. 252
stramineum . .
.. 286
vestalis
. 252
Solemathus Blochii
.. 354
vulpina
. 252
Spatula rhynchotis 195
, 216, 219
Scapanes solidarius
. 303
Sphecotheres flaviventris 54
, 382, 391
Scapha pulchra
. . 205
Sphencecus galactotes . .
.. 380
rutila
. 206
Sphyrama Fosteri
.. 280
Sophia
. 205
Spratella fimbriata
.. 350
Scaphella maculata
. 206
tembang
.. 350
Scatophagus multifasciatus
.. 277
Spratelloides delicatulus
.. 350
Sciasna arinata
. . 323
Sterna bergii
80
jarbua
.. 270
cristata
80
Scolopax Australis
. 219
frontalis
.. 80
Scolopsis margaritifer . .
. 271
panaya
80
Scomber hippos
. 323
longipennis
80
Scorpis vinosa
. 277
melanauchen
62,78
Scorpoena Byncensis
. 278
melanoryncha . .
.. 62
mahe
. . 278
nigrifrons
.. 62
volitans
.. 278
Novffi-Hollandias
.. 78
Scythrops Novce-Hollandiae 2
83, 394
Sternula inconspicua
.. 63
Seisura nana
. . 384
placens
63, 386
Sernicassis pila
. . 234
Stethojulis strigiventer . .
.. 345
Serricornis brunneopyghis
53
Stictopelia cuneata
.. 59
lasvigaster . .
53
Stigmatops ocularis
.. 55
Serranus alatus
.. 264
subocularis . .
.. 383
Australis
. . 264
Strephonia eyiscopalis . .
. . 202
carinatus
. . 265
erythrostoma
.. 202
crapao
. . 264
tricolor
. . 202
foveatus
.. 263
Strepsilas interpres
.. 80
fusco guttatus
. . 264
Strigatella dichroa
.. 210
Gilberti
. . 263
Strix delicatula . . 79
, 379, 388
hexagonatus . .
.. 263
lulu
.. 77
XXIV.
INDEX.
Strornbus bryonia
PAGE.
294
Telasco luctuosa
PAGE.
. 180
Carnpbelli
292
picta
. 180
canarium
292
Telescopium fuscum
. 320
columba
292
telescopium
. 320
dentatus
293
Terebellum punctatum . .
. 294
elegans
293
eubulatum . .
. 294
Lamarckii
292
Terebra areolata
. 255
lambis J
294
caslata
. 255
luhuauus
293
cancellata
. 255
mangioruin . .
320
capula
. 255
plicatus
293
cblorata..
. 253
radix bryonia. .
294
columellaris
. 255
truncatus
294
Jukesi
. 253
variabilis
292
Knorrii
. 253
vittatus
293
lasvis
. 254
Strongylocera spinicostatus
177
maculata
. 253
Stylifer acicula
284
marmorata
. 254
astericola
285
oculata
. 254
Sula Australia
80
spectabilis
. 254
cyanops
64
straminea
. 254
fiber.. .. . . 64
,80
386
tenera
. 253
serrator
80
undulata
. 255
Surcula brevicaudata
152
violascens
. 255
gemmata
151
Terebralia sulcatum
. 319
jubata
152
telescopum . .
. 320
reflexa . .
152
Terekia cinerea
.
Sus Papuensis
36
Tetragnatba bituberculata
. 150
Sycotypus ficoides
235
cylindrica . .
. 150
Sygnatboides Blockii
354
decorata . .
. 148
Sygnatbus biaculeatus . .
354
ferox
. 150
tetragonus . .
354
granulata . .
. 148
Sylocbelidon Caspia
62
386
Tetrarynchus reptans . .
. 12
Syma flavirostris
47
390
Tetraroge Darnleyensis
. 278
tortoro
. .
390
Tetrodon alboplumbeus
. 357
Synagris furcosus
. .
271
argenteus
. 357
tcEniopteius
. .
272
argylopleura . .
. 357
Synoious Australis
185
219
bicolor
.. 357
cervinus 186,
384
394
Hartlaudi
.. 358
Diemenensis . .
185
immaculatus . .
.. 357
sinensis
186
Manillensis . .
. . 356
sordidus
186
oblongus
.. 357
Sornola cinctella
260
patoca . .
.. 357
pulcbra
261
pcecilonotus . .
scelaratiis
.. 357
. . 357
Tacbypetes aquila
64,78
virgatus
. . 356
minor
64
386
Teutbis albopunctata . .
. . 338
Tadorna radjab . . 194,
217
386
doliata
.. 339
Talegallus Lathami
184
notosticta
. . 339
Tanysiptera galatea
390
vermiculata
. . 339
Tapbozous affinis
82
Thalasseus Bengalensis . .
62, 386
Hargravei
81
cristatus
. 62
Tatare viridis
77
Tbalassia annulus
. 100
Teotareus Malaccana
363
Krefftii
. 118
INDEX,
KXV
Thalassia rustica
PAGE.
117
Trichotropis conica
PAGE.
.. 313
Sappho
, ,
110
costellata . .
.. 313
villaris
, .
118
flavidula . .
.. 313
Yorkensis
. ,
118
gracilenta . .
.. 313
Thalessa echinata
200
inermis
. . 313
hippocastaneum
, ,
200
insignis
. 313
manciuella
.
199
quadricarinata
. . 313
Thalia Macleayi
.
140
Rugievi
. . 313
Tharodontis ophis
,
352
tricarinata. .
.. 312
Therapon caudovittatus
.
270
unicarinata
. . 313
servus
.
270
Tricondyla aptera
. 303
theraps
.
270
Trigonostoina tricolor . .
.. 311
Timoriensis . .
270
lamellosa . .
. . 311
Therates labiatus
.
303
obliquata
. . 311
Threskiomis strictipennis ]
90
385
Tringa acuminata . . ]
89, 384
Thrysoidea cancellata . .
a
352
Australia
.. 189
Todiramphus sanctus . .
47
canutus
.. 189
sordidus . .
.
47
subarquata
.. 189
vitiensis . .
70
tenuirostris . . 60, ]
89, 384
Torinia ccelata
.
286
Tringoides hypoleucus . .
.. 189
dorsuosa
.
286
Triphorus corrugatus . .
.. 319
fenestrata
,
287
violaceus
. 319
straminea
286
Triton decipiens
.. 174
Totanus brevipes . . 1
89
384
encausticus
. 174
glottis
.
384
gemmatus
. . 173
incanus
.
76
gracilis
. . 173
stagnatilis
.
189
labiosus
. . 173
Tornatellina eucharis . . 1
10
128
lotorium
. . 173
Grenvillei . . 1
(i!)
128
pileare
• 173
Mastersi . . 1
08
127
sacrostoma
. • 173
Petterdi . . 1
OH
128
Tritonium
. . 173
terrestris 109, 1
in
128
Trivia globosa
. 299
Trachia cyclostornata . .
.
124
grando
• 298
Delessertiana . .
123
oryza
• 298
Endeavourensis
123
pellucida . . :
• 299
Tuckeri
,
123
producta
• 299
Trachynotus Baillonii . .
.
330
scabriuscula
. 298
ovatus
,
329
sulcata
• 299
Triacanthus angustifrons
,
354
vitrea
. 298
biaculeatus
.
354
Trochatella Sophia
4
Blochii
.
354
Trochus cicatricosus
. 243
macrurus . .
.
354
melanostomus . . 2
43, 245
oxycephalus
.
354
nanus
. 243
Tribonyx Mortieri
.
193
telescopium
. 320
ventralis . . 1
93,
386
Tropidorhynchus buceroides
. 55
Trichoglossus amabilis . .
.30, 74
Truncatella ferruginea . .
• 132
Masssena
.
393
teres
. 132
multicolor
,
58
Yorkensis . .
. 132
Trichotropis bicarinata
„
313
Turbinella Australiensis
. 203
borealis . .
.
313
picta
. 203
cancellata . .
.
313
Turbonella aplini
. 258
cedo-nulli . .
,
313
confusa
. 258
clathrata . ,
•
313
Darnleyensis
. 257
XXVI.
INDEX.
PAGF.
PAGE.
Turbouella exirnia
.. 257
Vitriua Brazieri
.. 129
Tumix castanotus
.. 185
Voluta auti ciugulata . .
.. 115
melauogaster
.. 184
aui is cati
.. 256
nielanotus
.. 185
aulica
.. 206
pyrrhothorax
59, 185
aurantia
. . 212
scintellans
.. 185
crenulata
.. 214
varius
185, 218
diadema
.. 204
velox
.. 185
episcopalis
.. 207
Turricola Antonelli
.. 212
filosa
.. 208
aurantia
.. 212
flavicans
.. 204
casta
.. 212
lugubris
.. 204
corrugata
.. 210
macroptera
.. 115
costellaris
.. 210
maculata
.. 206
curvilarata
.. 211
mendicaria
. . 233
formosa
.. 212
modesta
.. 204
pastata
.. 212
plicaria
.. 210
Jukesi
.. 211
pulchra
. . 205
tasniata
.. 211
rutila
. . 205
vulpecola
.. 211
signifer
.. 204
Tympanostomy Layardi
. . 321
Sophia
.. 204
Typhis Cleryi
9
volvacea
.. 204
Volutella flavicans
. . 204
Upeneus inalabaricus . .
.. 274
Sophia
. . 205
volvacea
.. 204
Vanessa Amelia
.. 304
Volvaria fusiforruis
.. 225
Vanga argenteus
.. 392
mentalis
. . 392
Xanthomelon Jannellei . .
.. 126
nigrogularis
.. 380
Xema Jarnesonii
.. 196
Quoyi
. . 392
Xenorhynchus Australis
191, 386
Vola vola
.. 301
Vertagus fasciatus
.. 318
Zeuxis crenulata. .
.. 180
lineatus
.. 319
semiplicata
.. 180
pulcher
.. 318
Zosterops ccerulescens . .
.. 70
recurvus
.. 319
explorata
71, 77
vulgaris
.. 318
flavogularis . .
.. 56
Vertigo Macdonnelli
. . 128
flaviceps
71, 77
Maclea\ i . .
110, 128
Gulliveri
.. 383
Kossiteri
18
Kandavensis . .
,.. 71
Straugei
.. 19
lutens..
.. 57
Vitia ruficapilla
42
Eamsayi
.. 56
Vitriua Australis . .
... 129
Zylopsyche Stayceyi
.. 199
GrBES, Shallard, & Co., Printers, 108 Pitt-street, Sydney.
THE
••>
LINNEAN SOCIETY
OP
NEW SOUTH WALES
F. C'ltn'sixoiiamk & Oo . Steam Machine Prtnteus, 186 Pitt Stkeet.
1876.
pimratt Storirig of jpfo §5tmth W£uh%.
OFFICERS,
}.1rcsibcnt :
Wm. Macleay, Esq., F.L.S.
iJicf-^lrceitirnt :
The Hon. Sib Wm. Macarthur, M.L.C.
tCouuril :
H. G. Alleyne, Esq., M.D.
J. C Cox, Esq., M.I)., F.L.S,
Professor Liyersidue
E. P. Ramsay, Esq , CM.Z.S.
Alfred Roberts, Esq.
W. J. Stephen's, Esq., M.A.
rSccrctaru :
Commander T. Stackhouse, R.N.
"3TlT,tsitm- :
H. H. Burton Bradley, Esq.
LIST OF MEMBERS.
Abbott, Hon. Rob. Palmer, Esq., Neutral Bay.
Alleyne, H. G , Esq., M.D., 8 Upper Fort-street-
Allport, Morton, Esq., F.L.S., Stone Buildings, Hobart Town.
Alkin, Rev. J B , M.A., Campbelltown.
Badham, Bev. Professor Charles, D.D , Sydney University; Brisbane
House, St Leonard's.
Bkadley, H. H. Burton, Esq., 64 Margaret-street.
Brown, Thomas Esq , M.L.A., Esk, Hartley.
Belisario, J., Esq., Lyons' Terrace, 191 Liverpool -street.
Blaxland, Hon. John, Esq., M.L.C, The Hermitage, Ryde.
Busby, Hon. Wm , Esq., M.L.C, Cassilis.
Brazier, John, Esq., CM.Z.S., 11 Windmill-street.
Bedford, W. J. G., Esq , Victoria Barracks, Faddington.
Carroll, Walter J., Esq., Bnrdekin Terrace, College-street
Coombes, Edward, Esq., Glanmire, Bathurst.
Cox, James C, Esq., M.D., F.L S , Hunter- street.
Cox, Hon. Ed. King, Esq., M.L.C, Mulgoa, Penrith.
Cokham, J. B. Esq., St. Leonard's, North Shore.
Clark, John K , Esq., Melville, Liverpool Plains.
IV.
Ciiisholm, Hon. James, Esq.. M.L.C., Kippielaw, Goulburn.
Ohisholm, Edward/M.D.. Camden
Dalley, Wm. B., Esq., Double Bay.
Davis, G. C-, Esq., 97 Elizabeth-street; 117 Maeleay-street.
Dixon, Douglass, Esq., Australian Club.
Dumaresq, Wm. A., Esq., St. Alban's, Scone.
De Lauket, A. Gr., Esq , Wynella, Goulburn.
Docker, Hon. Jos., Esq., M.L.C., 132 Itoslyn Terrace, Darlinghurst Road
Duncan, W. A , Esq., Colebrooke, Double Bay.
Deas-Thomson, Hon. Sir. Ed , C.B., K.C.M.G., M.L.C., Barham.
De Salis, Hon. L. F., M.L.C., Queanbevan.
Dodds, Alex , Esq.
Drake. W. H., Esq., New Englan d.
Elureh, W. H., Esq., Margaret-place, Sydney.
Fairfax, Hon. John, Esq., M.L.C.. "Herald Office ;" Ginnagullah.
Fairfax, Jas. R., Esq , " Herald Office ;" Ginnagullah.
Fairfax, E. R. Esq., " Herald Office ;" 117 Macquarie-strcet.
Farnell, Hon. Jas. Suuire, Esq , M.L.A., Ryde.
Fitzpatrick, Michael, Esq., M.L.A.. Reform Club: Looke's Wharf.
Forster. William, Esq., ML. A., Union Club ; Fitzroy-strect, Marrickville.
Fyffe, B., Esq., M.R.CS.L.
Fraser, C. A., Esq., New England.
Fraser, A. R., Esq , New England .
Francis. Thomas, CE.
Galloway. J. J., Esq., Australian Club.
Garran, Andrew. Esq., LL.D., "Herald Office;" Herford-strect, Glebe.
Gibson, J. J. R , Esq., Reedy Creek, Inverell.
Gilliat, H. A., Esq , Australian Club.
Gordon, Hon. S. D.. Esq.. M.L.C.. 64 Pitt-st. ; Glen Yarra, South Head Koad
Gillman. T. H., Esq , M.D., Fig Tree Cottage, Hyde Park.
Garrick, Alfred C, Esq., Stewart, Garrick and Co.
Haruraves, W. H., Esq . Napoleon Cottage, Waverley Road.
Hay, Hon. John, Esq., M L.C., Rose Bay Lodge, Rose Bay, Woollahra.
Hill, Edward Smith, Esq., Woollahra House. Rose Bay.
Holt, Hon. Thos , M.L.C., The Warren, Cook's River.
H.vlkett, Laurence J., Esq., Infirmary.
Helsham, Douolas, Esq., Cook's River.
II awkes, C. H . Esq . Sydney.
Icely, T. R., Esq., Coombing Park, Carcoar.
Jenkins, R. L., Esq., Nepean Towers, Douglass Park
Jennings, P. A., Esq., Warbeecan, Deniliquin.
Jones, P. Sydney, Esq., M.D., 10 College-street.
Joseph, Thos, M. Esq., Gladesville.
Kateu, Henky H., Esq., Ellalong, Ashfield.
King, Robert, Esq., 10 O'Connell-street.
King, Philip G., Esq., Goonoo Gooiioo.
Kennedy, High, Esq.. University.
Lai/ke, Louis T., Esq., M.D., 131 Castlereagh-strect.
Liyeksidge, Professor Arch., University,
Lett, Charles, Towns and Co., Charlotte Place.
Lloyd, Chas. W., Tarriaro. Gulligal. Namoi River.
Lark, F., Esq,, Australian Club.
Macarthur, Hon. Sir Wjl, M.L.C., Camden Park.
Mackenzie, W. F., Esq., M.D., 281 Elizabeth-streel.
MacLaurin, H. N., Esq., M.D., Macquarie-strect.
Macleay, Wm., Esq., E.L.S., Elizabeth Bay.
Manning, F. Norton, Esq., M.D., Gladesville.
Markey, J. B.. Esq., Australian Club.
Masters, George, Esq., 83 Riley-street.
Mitchell, Day. S., Esq., 6 (m) Cumberland street.
Milford, F., Esq., M.D., Dynevor Terrace, 16 College-street.
Mort, Henry, Esq., Mount Adelaide, Darling Point.
Mein, J. Veitch, Esq., H.M.C.S. "Vernon."
MacKay, Patrick, Esq., Hunter's Hill.
Manning, Edye, Esq., Hunter's Hill and Phoenix Wharf.
Markey, James, Esq., No. 1 Regent-street.
McIntosh, J. N., Esq., Bathurst.
Merewether, E. C, Esq., Newcastle.
Maclean, Harold, Esq., Calingra, Woollahra.
Makinson, H, Esq., Gladesville.
Mouehead, R. A. A , Esq., 1 O'Connell-street.
McKay, Chas., Esq., M.D., lo Church Hill.
Morgan, Cosby W., Esq , M.D., Melua House, Cleveland-street Rod fern.
MobiaRTY, E. ()., Esq., C.E., North Shore.
VI.
Norton, James, Esq , Ecclesbourne, Double Bay ; 59 Elizabeth-street.
Onslow, Captain, Arthur A. W., Esq., R.N., Camden Park.
Osbobnb, James. Esq , Wollongong.
OgilviE, Hon. Ed. D., W.L.C., Esq , Yulgilbar, Grafton.
Osbobnb, George, Esq., Foxlow, via Bungandore
Phelps, J. J., Esq., Melbourne Club.
Palmer, William Hall, Esq., M.D , Hunter's Hill.
Prendergast, R , Esq., Sydney.
Ramsay, E. P.. Esq., C.M.Z.S., Museum.
Robeets, A., Esq., 45 Phillip- street.
Robertsox, Hon. Jno., Esq., M.L.A., Clovelly, Watson's Bay ; Reform Club.
Robertson, Thos , Esq., Oakville, Randwick.
Rowling, Charles, Esq , Mudgee.
Read, R. B., Esq., Randwick.
Stephens, W. J., Esq., M.A., New School, Darlinghurst.
Stackhouse, Com. T., R.N., Australian Club.
Sandeman, Alfred, Esq., Seven Oaks, Upper William-street North, Darling-
hurst ; 132 Pitt-street.
Strong. W. E., Esq , M.D., Surgeon Superintendent, Government Asylum,
Liverpool.
Salamons, J. E., Esq., 123 Elizabeth-street.
Tooth, Robert, Esq., Yengarie, Maryborough, Queensland.
Tucker, G. A., Esq., M.D., Cook's River.
Tarrant, Dr., Kiama.
Voss, Houlton Harris, Esq., Union Club ; 180 Macquarie-street.
Ward, W D., Esq.. M.A., St Leonard's.
Wilkinson, C. S., Esq , Armidale.
Walker, R. G, Esq., Public Library.
Wilson, Wm , Esq.. Monaltrie, Richmond River.
White, Hon. Jas., Esq , Martindale, Denman ; Cranbourne, Doable Ba}'.
Wolfen, William, Esq., 23 Bridge-street.
Waterhouse, F. G., Esq., South Australia.
Wright, H. G. A , M.P..C.S.E., Wynyard-square,
Young, W. J., Esq., Australian Club.
RULES.
I. The Linnean Society of New South Wales, is instituted
for the cultivation and study of the Science of Natural
History, in all its branches.
II. The Society shall consist of Ordinary, Corresponding, and
Honorary Members. Gentlemen not resident in New
South Wales, who shall have contributed valuable infor-
mation or specimens to the Society, shall be eligible for
appointment as Corresponding Members, at the discretion
of the Council. Honorary Membership shall be conferred
only on distinguished Naturalists not resident in New
South Wales.
III. The Officers of the Society shall consist of a President,
Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer.
IV". The affairs of the Society shall be conducted by a Council,
consisting of six Members (in addition to the office-
bearers), to be elected each year, at the Annual . General
Meeting;.
V. The President, Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer,
shall be elected in like manner, at the Annual General
Meeting.
VI. It shall be the duty of the Secretary to keep, a list of all
Members, and a record of all correspondences, transactions,
and proceedings of the Society.
VII. The Treasurer's duty shall be to receive all payments
made to the Society, and disburse all sums payable by the
Society out of the funds in his hands. He shall furnish
the Society annually, with an account of all such receipts
Vlll.
and disbursements. He shall demand all arrears of annual
subscription, after such shall have been due three
months. No payments shall be made by the Treasurer,
except for rent and taxes, without the sanction of the
Council.
VIII. Candidates for admission to this Society shall be pro-
posed and seconded at an Ordinary Meeting, and shall
be balloted for at the next Ordinary Meeting. Two-thirds
of the Members balloting shall elect.
IX. The Annual Subscription shall be £1 Is. payable on the
1st January of each year. And all joining after the close
of the present year (1874), shall pay an entrance fee of
t'l Is. in addition to their annual subscription.
X. No Member whose subscription shall be three months in
arrear shall participate in the advantages ottered by the
Society.
XI. At Ordinary Meetings of the Society any Member present
shall have the privilege of introducing one visitor, who,
with the permission of the Chairman, shall be allowed to
take part in the discussion.
XII. The Ordinary Meetings shall be held each month, at such
time and place as the Council shall appoint.
The order of business shall be as follows : —
1 Names of Visitors present shall be read aloud by the
( Ihairman.
2 The minutes of the last meeting shall be read, pro-
posed for confirmation to the Meeting, and signed by
the Chairman.
:J> Candidates for admission shall be proposed, and
those proposed at the preceding Meeting shall be
balloted for.
4 Papers and written communications shall be read and
discussion thereon invited, which may lie limited by
the Chairman.
IX.
.") The Meeting shall conclude with the examination of
such specimens, drawingSj Arc. as may then l>e
exhibited. And no business connected with the
management or finance of the Society shall be in-
troduced at any such Meeting.
XIII. Authors of papers must notify their intention of reading
such, together with the subject thereof, to the Secretary,
seven days before the next Ordinary Meeting ; and the
Secretary shall issue notice of the papers to be read at
each Meeting, in the order in which he shall have received
notice of the same.
XIV. Upon the requisition of any six Members presented to the
President and Council, through the Secretary, a Special
General Meeting shall be convened, — and any proposition
to be submitted to such Meeting shall be stated at length
in the notice to Members, and of any such Meeting, not
less than seven days notice shall be given.
XV. The Annual General Meeting shall be held in January,
the place and time of meeting to be fixed by the Council.
The objects of the Meeting shall be to choose the
Council and Officers for the ensuing year, and hear the
Annual Report on the general concerns of the Society.
THE PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
L1NNEAN SOCIETY
OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
FIRST MONTHLY MEETING OF THE SOCIETY,
Monday, 25th JANUARY, 1875.
William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.
NEW MEMBERS PROPOSED.
Mr. Masters pi-oposed, and Mr. Ramsay seconded the nomina-
tion of F. Gr. Waterhouse, Esq., South Australia, as a member of
the Society. Mr. Ramsay proposed, and Mr. Bradley seconded
the nomination of Douglas Helsham, Esq., Cook's River.
PAPERS READ.
Mr. Brazier, C.M.Z.S., read the following paper, describing
fourteen new species of Terrestrial, Fluviatile, and Marine Shells
from Australia and the Solomon Islands : —
*1. — Helix (Dorcasia) Blackalli.
Shell deeply, rather largely and openly umbilicated, globosely
depressed, very thin, translucent, light brown, irregularly striated
with raised waived strise, irregularly studded with numerous close
set obtuse short bristles ; whorls, 5, roundly convex, the last large,
* The species marked with an asterick I have placed in the Cabinet of the Linnean
Society.
1 TOE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LIXNEAX SOCIETY
in front largely inflated, base roundly convex, smoother than upper
surface, aperture broadly oval, peristome thin, slightly reflexed,
right margin descending, columellar margin expanded and partly
covering the large umbilicus.
Diam. maj. 8^, min. 7, alt. f>\ lin.
Hab. Mount Dryander, Port Denison, Queensland (Brazier).
This species resembles Helix bvevipila, Pfr. and Helix Goxenii
Cox in being covered with fine hair epidermis.
* •>
-Helix (Thalassia) Gayndahensis.
Shell minutely umbilicated, depressed, thin, glassy, yellowish
horn, obliquely, rugosely striated, whorls, 5, flattened, sharply
carinated above the centre and flat ; whorls becoming more con-
vex, flattened at the suture, keel above the suture and continuous
to the apex which is slightly raised ; base quite smooth, aperture
oblicpie, lunately rounded, peristome simple, margins distant, the
light slightly descending, columellar margin thickened with white
callus partly over the umbilicus.
Diam. maj. 3|, min. 3, alt. 2 lin.
Hab. Gayndah, Queensland, found on trees under bark.
This sjwjcies was obtained some few years ago by Mr. G. Masters,
when in the above locality collecting the devonian mud fish
Geratodus Fostcri.
*3. — Helix (Hadra) Bayensis.
Shell with the umbilicus covered, depressly-globose, finely
obliquely striated, marked with numerous spiral yellow and redish
chestnut bands and lines ; spire conoid apex obtuse, whorls OJ,,
convex, last roundly convex, deflected in front, aperture oblique,
peristome thickened, reflected, white, interior purplish, margins
approximating, the right descending, columellar margin thickened
and broadly expanded over the umbilicus.
Diam. maj. ID.1,, min. 16, alt. 12 lin.
Hab. Wide Bay, Queensland. (Masters.)
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 3
This species differs from Helix Incei, Pfr. by being a much finer
and larger shell, with the umbilicus covered with broad callus?
base much broader and darker in colour, and by being only found
in the thick Queensland scrubs, whereas Helix Incei is found in
every part of Queensland in the open forest country. Dr. Cox
figured my new species in his Monograph of Australian Land
Shells, plate 18, figure 1, as variety of Helix Incei, Pf.
4. — Helix (Geotrochus) Brenchleyi.
Shell narrowly perforate, conical, rather thin, very finely
oblicpiely striated, bright straw yellow, with bright reddish chestnut
band on the periphery running spirally above the suture ; below
the suture broad white opaque band; spire conoid, apex rather
obtuse ; whorls 6, moderately convex, base convex, aperture
diagonal, triangularly ovate, peristome white, thickened and re-
flected ; margins distant, columellar margin broad and expanded
over the perforation.
Dia. maj. 10, min. 8, alt. 12 lin.
Hab. Maru Sound or Curagoa Harbour, Guadalcanor Island,
Solomon's Archipelago, (Coll. Brazier.)
Of this fine species I obtained only one specimen when at the
above Island in H.M.S. Curagoa in 1865, and it has been in my
collection ever since in manuscript. I take great pleasure in
making the description known. I have named it after the late
Mr. Julius L. Brenchley, M.A, F.R.G.S. and Author of the
" Cruise of the Curagoa through the South Sea Islands," who was
a great lover of Natural History.
5.— Helix (Corasia) Wisemani.
Shell imperforated, globosely depressed, thin, obliquely finely
striated, shining diaphanous, yellowish white ; obtuse at the apex ;
whorls 3J, rather flat, rapidly increasing, the last very large,
rounded at the periphery, marked with faint opaque white line
running into the suture, aperture oblique, ovately rounded, peris,
tome reflected, whitish brown, margins joined with thin callus, the
4 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LTNNEAN SOCIETY
right curved down, cohimellar margin rounded and broadly ex-
panded, the upper part of the peristome from the centre takes a
peculiar bend inwards.
Diam. maj. 14, min. 11, alt. 7 lin.
Hab. Solomon Archipelago.
This species resembles very much some of the Philippine Island
forms. The specimen I have taken the description from is the
onlv one that I have seen, and is in the collection of Mr. Charles
Coxen, of Brisbane, Queensland ; it was collected by Captain
Ferguson, a well-known trader to the Solomons ; he also having
obtained the splendid Geotrochus Fergusoni, H. Adams. Only
two specimens of it have been found ; Mr. Coxon has the one, the
other is in the British Museum
* 6. BULIMUS (EUMECOSTYLUS) MaCFARLANBI.
Shell rimate, minutely umbilicated, elongately ovate, thickish
longitudinally finely striated, with malleated appearance, covered
with dark yellow brown epidermis ; whorls 6, moderately convex
the last about half the length of the whole shell, suture crenulated,
aperture large, elongately oval, white within, peristome thickened
and reflected, from the centre it becomes much thinner at the
upper part where it joins at the suture ; columella white, regularly
arched with broad prominent pillars running spirally into the
interior ; thick deposit of callus on the body whorls and extending
up to the upper part of the peristome ; in the centre of the body
whorl short obtuse callus tooth, in some specimens not prominent.
Length 36, breadth 14, length of aperture 19 lines.
Hab. Solomon's Archipelago. (Captain Macfarland )
* 7. — Helicina (Trochatella) Sophia.
Shell moderately conoid, trochiform, acutely carinated at the
periphery ; obliquely rugosely striated, marked with fine spiral
grooves, light straw yellow, apex obtuse, not shining, whorls 5,
nearly flat, carinated above the suture, base convex, smoother than
above, aperture oblique, triangularly ovate, peristome yellowish
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 5
white, margins distant, right thin at its juncture with the suture
columellar margin thickened with a thin plate of callus extending
upwards across the body whorl.
Diam. maj. 3|, min. 3, alt. 2 lines.
Hab. Treasury Island, Solomon's Archipelago. (Coll. Brazier.)
This species I collected at the above island inland, in the
crevices of large coral blocks.
L&'
* 8 — Pupina Macleayi.
Shell rimately umbilicate, slightly acuminately oblong, solid,
longitudinally finely closely striated, pale yellowish to reddish
brown, spire tapering, obtuse at the apex, whorls 6^, roundly
convex, suture distinct, aperture vertical, circular, peristome pale
white, |- line below there forms another fine hair-like peristome,
the upper is thickened, widely expanded in front, upper part of
lip divided from body whorl by a deep groove, right margin with
long and wide auricle, the slit extending upwards and joined to
the suture of the body whorl ; umbilicus small, keel round it
columellar with long wide auricle.
Length 5, breadth 2^ lines.
Hab. Endeavour River, Queensland.
This interesting species is the second of the genius that I have
described with two lips from Australia ; the upper lip is broad,
and below it is the second, something like an hair line.
I name it after William Macleay, Esq., F.L.S., and President
of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, having seen speci-
mens of it in his collection for the first time some six months
back.
* 9. — Pupina Angasi.
Shell rimate, minutely perforated, pupa shape, solid, showing
malleated appearance all over ; reddish brown to dirty white, spire
moderately turgid, apex conoid, whorls 6, 5 convex, the body
whorl having a distorted appearance, the last descending, aperture
vertical, sub-circular, peristome reddish brown to white, thickened
6 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
and reflected, small narrow canal at the upper part of the peris-
tome on the inner side ; columellar margin with wide slit, not
extending through the margin but running spirally inside of the
aperture ; acute keel round the perforation.
Length 13f, breadth 6^ lines, large specimens.
Length 10 J, breadth 5\ lines, small specimens.
Hab. New Guinea. (Captain Hovell.)
This species was first taken for pupina grandis, Forbes, my
having two and Dr. Cox two specimens of the original pupina
grandis, collected first by the late Mr. John Macgillivray, Natu-
ralist of H. M. S. Rattlesnake, at the Louisade Islands ; this
species is quite distinct, the most distinguishing character is at
the columellar only having a slit and not the ear-shaped auricle
of grandis ; of some hundreds that I have seen, not one approaches
to grandis. I have named it after George French Angas, F.L.S.,
C.M.Z.S., to whom I am under great obligation in comparing
Australian and other shells for me in the British Museum.
* 10. — Epidkomus Bednalli.
Shell elongately turreted, thickish, with six rather indistinct
rounded elongated varices, spire straight, apex acute, whorls 8,
convex, sculptured with regular close set longitudinal ribs and
transversely striated ; ribs noduled at the suture, white, some-
times brown, aperture ovately oblong, smooth within, collumella
arcuate, smooth, straight, outer lip thickened, white.
Length 11, breadth 3| lines.
Hab. Guichen Bay, South Australia. (W. Bednall.)
This species approaches near to Epidromus Brazieri, Angas, and
Epidomus Qoxi, Brazier, two species found in New South Wales.
Named after its discoverer, Mr. William Bednall, an enthusiastic
and intelligent conchologist, late of Adelaide, now of Port Darwin
of new south wales. 7
* 11. — Cyprcea Sophia.
Shell ovate, attenuated anteriorly, base rounded, extremities
slightly produced, sides thickened, 13 large obtuse thick rounded
teeth on the outer lip, the inner or columella with 15, the upper
ones being nearly absolete , the lower thick and rounded, grooved
down the centre, bright orange yellow between the insterstices ;
base rounded, fulvous yellow, dorsal surface freckled with minute
bluish green, obscurely marked with two bands, margins forming
thick fulvous yellow callus extending nearly half way up to the
dorsal surface ; interior of aperture bright violet.
Length, 12, breath 8, alt. 6| lines.
Hab. Makeira Harbour, San Christoval Island, Solomon
Archipelago. (Brazier.)
This beautiful Cyprcea I obtained alive at San Christo valsome
years ago ; but recently some have found their way to Sydney
from the more western of the Solomons, but they are of a much
lighter colour ; at first glance one would take it to be a variety of
Cyprcea errones. Since it differs from it both in the colour of the
dorsal surface, and the interstices of the teeth being of a bright
orange colour, I have named this and the next species after
my wife.
12. — Conus (Rhizoconus) Sophia.
Shell turbinated, thick, dirty white, whorls 7, concave, spire
short, apex acute, transversely granulated with ten conspicuous
rows of grains running in the form of lines, average of one line
apart and run spirally round, each grain half line apart, grains
counted from edge of lip round the shell into the aperture on the
columella, grains commence one line below the angle and number
34, the second row at one and half 28, third row at three and half
41, the fourth row at four and half 40, the fifth at six lines 40,
the sixth at eight lines 38, seventh at ten lines, 37, eight at eleven
and half lines 32, ninth at thirteen and half 34, tenth row at four-
teen and half lines 33, below this rough raised lines are distinctly
seen of a, yellowish brown ; the grains appear to be raised upon
8 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LIXNEAX SOCIETY
small ridges, interstices quite smooth, columellar rather straight,
outer lip acute, inside crenulated or fluted at edge where the grains
meet : close at upper part near angle, wide at lower extremity,
interior of aperture white.
Length 19, breadth 10J, alt. 9 lines.
Hab. Hammond's or Bannietta Island, Solomon Archipelago,
found on a reef. (Coll. Brazier.)
This is one of many islands marked down upon all charts as
New Georgia, and very little known to naturalists ; this beautiful
shell, so far as I know, remains unique in my cabinet.
13. — Cassis (Casmaria) Thomsoni.
Shell umbilicated, thin, inflated, obliquely striated, light chestnut
brown, spire drawn out, acute, sature obliquely angled and tabled,
spiral raised line between the angle and the suture, ornamented
with spots and dots of darker colour, rugosely spirally striated
above last whorl, whorls 7, first two smooth, last very large,
transversely closely lined, angled and studded with rather close
set pointed nodules or tubercules running spirally to the apex ;
below the angle smooth channel, then another raised ridge of equi-
distant obtuse elongated nodules, aperture somewhat pear shaped ;
interior of aperture light brown, peristome thickened, reflected,
white, with four dark equi-distant roan square spots showing on
the edge, the upper part with five obtuse callus teeth, little below
two faint ones show, centre obsolete, lower part, which is flat,
indications of more faint obtuse ones show ; columella arched,
rather straight, rugosely wrinkled, upper part with six white
oblong callus teeth entering spirally inwards ; thick deposit of
white callus over the umbilicus, and extends in a thin plate across
the body whorl to the right margin or junction of the peristome.
Length 19, breadth 14, alt. llf lines.
Hab. off Sydney Heads, 5 miles due east, brought up from a
sandy bottom, 45 fathom. (Coll. Brazier.)
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 9
This tine shell fell to my share the day that Captain Nares, his
Officers, and Professor 0. Wyville Thomson, Director of the
Civilian Scientific Staff of H.M.S. Challenger Exploring Expedi-
tion, entertained a party of Australian Naturalists to a cruise
outside Sydney Heads, to see the deep sea sounding and dredging
carried out. And it is with pleasure that I name it after Professor
C. W. Thomson. Other new species came up in the same haul,
such as Leda, Mitra, Terebra, and Marginella; the rare Typhis
Cleryi — Petit was also found for the first time on the New South
Wales coast. It is recorded by Mr. G. F. Angas from the coast
of New Zealand
* 14. BlTHINIA HYALINA.
Shell turbinated, thin, glossy, shining, whitish under a brown
epidermis, whorls 5, roundly convex, the last large equalling half
the length of the whole shell, aperture somewhat lunate, peristome
thickish, margins continuous
Length 4, breadth 2| lines.
Hab. Eastern Creek, New South Wales.
This is the only species of Bithinia that I know of from
Australia as being described. It is found in various parts of New
South Wales, about Parramatta and Chatsworth ; it is generally
found in a corroded state, the apex wholly destroyed in some
specimens and covered with a thick hard coating of mud; when
washed in clean water and rubbed with a brush it is readily
removed
"Mr. Ramsay read a paper, entitled: —
Description of a New Species of Ptilotis, from the Endeavour
River, with some Remarks on the Natural History of the
East Coast Range, near Rockingham Bay."
10 the proceedings of the linnean society
Ptilotls Macleayana.
The crown and back of the head dark brown tinged with olive
all the feathers being margined with black more largely on the
sides of the occiput and over the ear-coverts, forming there a black
patch, feathers on nape of the neck and shoulders olive brown,
almost black at the tips, where they are centred with a con-
spicuous triangular whitish spot, lesser wing-coverts blackish
brown, having a triangular mark of whitish brown or buff at the
tip, greater wing-coverts and all the wing feathers blackish brown
above margined with pale buff, the primaries and secondaries have
a yellowish olive tinge on the outer webs, feathers of the inter-
scapular region blackish brown, with a triangular mark of pale
buff or whitish brown down the centre of each feather, but
frequently on the outer web only, those feathers nearest the
thoulders having a yellowish tinge, rump and upper tail coverts
olive bi'own. A. narrow bare space below the eye yellowish ;
sides of the face and a line round the eye, buff , the ear coverts
and patch of pointed feathers behind them bright wax yellow '
ckm light brown or grey, tinged with olive ; from the base of the
lower mandible extending underneath the eye to the ear-coverts is
a narrow band of olive brown ; chest light olive yellow, the fea-
thers pointed and conspicuously tipped with bright wax yellow ;
breast light brown, each feather margined and tipped conspicu-
ously with yellow ; 'near their centre on either web an irregular
triangular shaped spot of blackish brown, being less distinct
on the feathers nearest the flanks and abdomen ; flanks light
brown, tinged slightly with olive brown ; abdomen and under
tail-coverts buffy white ; under surface of the tail-feathers dark
brown, edged with buff on their inner webs ; inner webs of wing-
feathers on the under surface broadly margined with the same
tint ; under wing coverts light buff ; under surface of shoulders
margined with yellow. Bill black, feet and legs blackish lead
colour, iris dark reddish brown, gape yellow.
Total length, 6| inches ; bill from forehead 1 inch, from angle
of the mouth to tip lj6 inch ; wings from flexure 3| inches ; tarsi
^ inch ; tail 3 inches.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 11
The sexes are alike in plumage.
Hab. north- east coast of Australia.
This fine species of Ptilotis, which I propose naming in honour
of our distinguished President, is closely allied to Ptilotis versicolor
of Gould (Birds of Aust., vol. iv., pi. 34), differing somewhat in the
general markings, but chiefly in the absence of the white patch
behind the ear-coverts and the black and yellow markings on the
sides of the head ; the bird is about the same in size, and curiously
enough has every appearance of being a young bird, so much so
that, although I have been acquainted with this bird for some
time, I deferred describing it until several more specimens were
obtained. In some notes sent to the Zoological Society of London
in 1868 (proc. Zool. Soc, 1868, p. 386, sp. 25, P. Versicolor?),
I erroneously entered it as the young of Ptilotis versicolor (of
Gould). I have since, however, through the kindness of Mr.
Macleay, been enabled to examine several fine specimens obtained
by his collector, Edward Spalding, near Cooktown, and have no
doubt whatever of its being a fully adult bird of a distinct species.
The original specimen referred to in my list of birds from
Rockingham Bay, published in the Proceedings of the Zoological
Society of London in 1868 (Proc. Zool. Soc, 1868, p 386, No.
25) was obtained by Spalding near Cardwell, and was the only one
seen during his stay in that locality. During my last Natural
History excursion to those parts, I was fortunate enough to obtain
three others on the Herbert River, some 30 miles south of Card-
well. It is a quiet retiring species, in habits resembling Ptilotis
Lewinii, and frequents the scrubs and bushes fringing the River
Herbert. Its note is a feeble cry, resembling that of Ptilotis
chrysops. The young assume the plumage of the adult at an early
stage. This species, as far as it is yet known, has a very limited
range, being confined to the brushes and scrubs of the east coast,
from the River Herbert to Cooktown, on the Endeavour River. I
found this district one of the richest fields for the pursuit of
Natural History in Australia, and one which has almost been
untouched, I found there nearly 300 species of Birds, including 10
species new to Science ; several new Mammals — including a musk
rat, and numerous hats.
12 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LIiNNEAN SOCIETY
A large tiger-cat has also been seen on more than one occasion,
which may possibly turn out to be a new species of the genus
Felis, none of which have hitherto been discovered in Australia.
The scrubs teem with insect life ; large green and golden spotted
Butterflies (Ornithoptera cassandra), with the grand blue Papilio
ulysses, are among the commonest, On one occasion I obtained
over 200 specimens of these beautiful insects before 9 a.m. Two,
if not three, species of aligators and crocodiles inhabit the rivers,
which makes it particularly interesting to the traveller in crossing;
one specimen, however, Orocodilus Johnstoni, named after its dis-
coverer Inspector Robert Johnstone, who forwarded the first and
still unique specimen to the Australian Museum, is comparatively
harmless, and only found in the head waters of the rivers and
creeks and mountain streams ; it never inhabits the lagoons, nor
has it been observed in the main streams or near the coast.
Mr. Macleay exhibited a series of specimens of Entozoa and
Epizoa taken from a Sunfish captured by Mr. Brazier at Port
Stephens on the 28th of November, 1874.
Mr. Macleay read the following explanatory notes : —
The small bottle marked No. 1 contains specimens of Bothrio-
cephalus microcephalus (Rudolphi). This worm was found m
amazing quantity throughout the intestines. I have now in my
museum a one-gallon jar of spirits almost full of a nearly solid
interwoven mass of these cestodes ; indeed, so tangled and knotted
are they, that it took Mr. Masters and myself much time and
trouble to separate a few specimens for exhibition. A few small
ones we got out perfect, but in no instance were we able to get
the larger strobilse in a perfect state. We succeeded, however,
in unravelling one nearly perfect which measured over five feet in
length, and as there are about sixty proglottides to the inch, the
whole strobila must have consisted of nearly 4,000 individuals or
segments. The average width of a proglottis is about a quarter of
an inch.
No. 2 bottle contains specimens of Tetrarhynchus reptans
(Rudolphi). This is also a cestode worm, but differs from the
tape worms generally in its habit of making a tube or sheath, in
OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
13
which it is completely enveloped while it tunnels its way through
the muscles and viscera of its host. A very interesting and in-
structive history of this worm is given by Dr. Cobbold in the
September number of the Intellectual Observer for the year 1862.
The specimens now exhibited were adhering in tangled masses to
the integuments of the liver, while the substance of the liver
itself had been almost entirely destroyed by being tunnelled through
and through in all directions by hundred of these Helminths.
No. 3 is the Distoma Contortum (Rudolphi). This trematode
was found in considerable number in the substance of the gills.
No. 4 is probably a Gy&ticercus, and is no doubt the scolex form
of the taenia of some species of shark. One specimen only was
found adhering to the long intestine.
No. 5 is an epizoon, found abundantly on the skin of the fish,
and is most probably identical with the Lernea mentioned by
Captain Grey in his " Travels in Australia," as having been taken
in quantity off the head of a Sunfish caught by him in Western
Australia ; it causes irritating sores about the nose of the fish.
No. 6 is also a parasitic Crustacean, but the genus I have not
been able to make out. It was found in limited numbers upon
the gills of the fish.
These are all the parasites that Mr. Brazier was able to detect,
but they are by no means all the ills that the unfortunate Ortha-
goriscus Mala is heir to, for there are five other Entozoa mentioned
by Rudolphi, as peculiar to this animal. I may add that no
instance is known of the capture of a large Sunfish in which the
viscera and muscles were not completely riddled by various
species of Helminths, and from this circumstance no doubt the
belief has arisen that it is only when in a dying state that the
adult animal leaves its natural home in the depths of the sea, and
approaches the shallow waters, where it at once becomes the prey
of man.
A valuable microscope was presented to the Society by the
President.
14 the proceedings of the linnean society
Monday, 23rd February, 1875.
William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.
NEW MEMBERS PROPOSED.
Dr. Fyffe was proposed by Captain Stackhouse, seconded by Dr.
Alleyne.
Dr. Tucker was proposed by Captain Stackhouse, and seconded
by Dr. Belisario.
Dr. Wright was proposed by Captain Stackhouse, and seconded
by Mr. Kater.
MEMBERS ELECTED.
F. G. Waterhouse and Douglas Helsham, Esqrs.
Mr. Brazier read an amusing account of a dredging excursion
along the coast of New South Wales.
Mr. Kater exhibited some microscopic preparations of Diatoms,
&c., from soundings taken by H.M.S. Challenger.
Monday, 29th MARCH, 1875.
William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.
NEW MEMBERS PROPOSED.
Edwin Chisholm, Esq., Surgeon, proposed by Captain Stack-
house, and seconded by Mr. Icely.
C. A. Fraser, Esq., proposed by Captain Stackhouse, and
seconded by Mr. Phelps.
MEMBERS ELECTED.
Benjamin Fyffe, Esq., Surgeon
G. A. Tucker, Esq., and H. G. A. Wright, Esq., Surgeon.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 15
The following papers were read ;
NOTES ON A NEW SPECIES OF DENDROPHIS FROM
CLEVELAND BAY.
By William Macleay, F.L.S.
Diu-iiig the last twelve months I have had sent to me, by Mr,
Edward Spalding, from the Endeavour River and Cleveland Bay,
several species of snakes, which I have not been able to identify
with any of those hitherto described. I have, however, abstained
from attempting a description of them, or even affixing cabinet
names to them, until I became possessed of a sufficient number of
sjtecimens to enable me to trace the various changes in marking
and coloration which snakes generally undergo at various stages of
their existence.
In the case of the tree snake, of which I now exhibit a speci-
men, all necessary requirements in that respect have been fulfilled,
for I have about eight examples representing the animal at various
periods of its growth.
Two Australian species of the genus Dendrophis are known and
have been described by Dr. Gunther, of the British Museum.
D. punctulata, the well-known green tree snake of Sydney and the
coast districts of New South Wales ; and D. calligastra, from
Cape York, specimens of which I have also had from the Endea-
vour River.
The species now before you is from Townsville, Queensland, and
as it is the most elongate and slender of the genus I have seen, I
propose to give it the name of
Dendrophis gracilis.
The entire length of a full-grown specimen is about 4 feet, of
which the tail is quite 14 inches and very taper. The abdominal
plates number 212, and the subcandals over 130 in a double row.
The head is one inch long, flat, and moderately narrowed behind.
The superciliary shields abut prominently over the eyes, and the
loreals are more nearly square and less elongate than in the other
16 THE PROCEEDINUS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
two species. Dr. Gunther, I observe (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
Series 3, vol. 20, p. 53), describes D. calligastra as having no
loreal ; but what I take to be the loreal shield in that species is of
remarkable length.
The scales of the back are in thirteen rows, all elongate except-
ing the central and external ones. The abdominal plates are
strongly bicarinated, making the central half of each quite flat ;
this double ridge or keel is stronger than in the other two species
and extends to the very tip of the tail.
The entire upper surface is of an olive black, the under surface
is yellowish white, clouded more or less with black according to
the age of the individual, the young specimens being much darker
than the adult. In the specimen before you, which, though full
grown, is probably not an old one, the first thirty or forty abdomi-
nal plates are without any black marking whatever, the next 100
plates or so are only slightly marked on each side near the ventral
ridges, but every plate getting distinctly darker as you descend.
The remainder are nearly black with their posterior edges, and a
broad vitta outside of each ventral ridge white. The subcaudal
plates have each a black patch at its point of contact with its
opposite plate, presenting the appearance of a continuous black
line of lozenge-shaped markings along the entire length of the
tail. The upper labial shields are white, with the exception of
the eighth and the upper portion of some of the others. The
lower portion of the rostral shield is also white.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 17
DESCRIPTIONS OF EIGHT SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN
AND TASMANIAN LAND AND FRESH WATER
SHELLS.*
By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
1. — Helix (Hadra) rufofasciata.
Shell moderately umbilicated, globosely depressed, thin, minutely
rugosely granulated ; pale brown, marked with dark chestnut,
spiral bands, whorls 5, slightly convex, regularly increasing, the
last large and inflated in front, roundly convex, below the peri-
phery the chestnut band becomes broader and runs spirally into
the aperture ; base white with chestnut brown round the umbilicus,
aperture roundly lunate, slightly angular, peristome thin, acute,
margins rather distant, the columella margin dilated pai-tly over
the umbilicus, interior of aperture white or pink, the brown bands
are seen through the shell.
Diam. maj. 12|, min 9f, alt. 7 lines.
Hab. Tardea, 360 miles north of Adelaide, South Australia.
This fine shell approaches near to Helix Cassandra, Pfr. ; it
differs very much from that species in having dark chestnut bands
above and below with a large broad white band on the base, and
chestnut brown round the umbilicus. I am indebted for it to Mr.
Waterhouse, the Curator of the South Australian Museum.
2. — Helix (Hadra) Cookensis.
Shell umbilicated, turbinately globose, thin, finely obliquely
striated (under the lens), rugosely granulated spirally banded and
lineated with deep chestnut lines and bands, spire conoid, whorls
5|, moderately convex, the last large and roundly convex, base
convex, umbilicus deep and narrow, aperture oblique, ovately
lunate, purplish within, peristome slightly reflected ; margins
approximating, the right partly descending, columellar margin
straight and broadly expanded partly over the umbilicus ; with
thin coating of callus across the body whorl to the upper part of
the peristome.
* In cabinet of Linnean Society, New South Wales.
18 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Diam maj. 16, min. 13, alt. 19 lines.
Hab. Cook Town, Endeavour River, north-east coast of Aus-
tralia. (Mr. Charles Coxen.)
3. — Helix (Rhytida) Langleyana.
Shell largely umbilicated, discoid, thin, very finely and obliquely
sculptured, not shining, pale horn brown, spire depressed, suture
channelled, whorls 3J, the three upper ones with the sculpture
much rougher, the last large and roundly convex, aperture oblique,
Innately ovate, peristone simple, acute, margins distant, columella!1
margin slightly reflected at the edge of the umbilicus.
Diam maj. ih, min 3|, alt. 2 lines.
Hab. Macquarie Harbour west coast of Tasmania.
Of this species I have only seen one specimen ; it was collected
at the above locality some three years ago by Mr. W. Petterd ; it
comes near to Helix Milhgani and other species of the same genus.
* 4. — Helix (Charopa) Nupera.
Shell umbilicated, rather flatly discoid, thin, finely and regu-
larly and obliquely striated ; interstices very smooth, white, spire
flat, whorls 4, moderately convex, the last roundly convex, suture
channelled, base convex, umbilicus perspective, aperture nearly
vertical, semilunar, peristome simple, thin, and regular.
Diam. maj. 1|, min. 1, alt. ^.
Hab. King George's Sound, south-west coast of Australia, col-
lected by Mr. G. Masters.
* 5. — Pupa (Vertigo) Rossiteri.
Shell dextral, rather oblong, thin, shining nearly smooth, white,
hyaline, spire turretted, apex obtuse, whorls 51, roundly convex,
the last about quarter the length of the whole shell, aperture
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 19
squarely oval, armed with live teeth, one on the centre of the
body whorl thickened and of a lamellated form ; second on the
columella on the upper side rather sharp ; third small and thin at
the lower part of the columella ; fourth on the basal margin of the
interior of the aperture thick and elongated ; fifth on the inner
upper side of the outer Hp rather obsolete ; peristome slightly ex-
panded, thin. Length 1J ; breadth | lines.
Hab., Picton, Rope's Creek, Lake Macquarie, and Wingham,
upper Manning River, New South Wales, (Brazier).
This species is often taken for a variety of Vertigo Sirangei, Pf.,
the time typical species of Yet tigo Strangei are sinistral, more elon-
gated, and the aperture oval, studded with seven teeth. Dr. Cox
in his "Monograph of Australian Land Shells, 1868," figures my
species as a variety of V. Strangei, in plate 14, fig. 18, 18 A ; both
species are found in company.
* G. — Amnicola Petterdiana.
Shell conical, thin, yellowish brown under a dark epidermis,
whorls 6, convex, suture impressed, apex acute, peristome thickish,
aperture vertical, somewhat ovate, margins continuous, thickened,
and detached from the body whorl.
Length \h, breadth | lines.
Hab. Scottsdale, Ringarooma, and Emu Bay, Tasmania ; Messrs.
Petterd and Legrand.
* 7. — Amnicola Simsoniana.
Shell turbinately conical, thin, horny, green under a brownish
epidermis, whorls 6, roundly convex, spire acuminated, apex
roundly obtuse, aperture vertical, sub ovate, margins continuous,
peristome thin, slightly expanded, channel between the columella
margin and the body whorl.
Length H, breadth f lines.
Hab. Brighton, near Hobart Town, Tasmania, (Mr. Simson.)
20 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
* 8.- — PLANORBIS MERIDIONALIS.
Shell discoid, light horny brown, faintly marked with oblique
lines of growth, sharply carinated at the periphery, whorls 3, the
last large, more than half the size of the whole shell ; large in
front, moderately convex, spire depressed, base convex, depressed
in the centre of the whorls, aperture oblicpie, hatchet shaped,
peristome thin, acute, margins approximating the right joined to
the left by a thin deposit of calius.
Diam. maj. 1|, min. \\, alt. | line.
Hab. Ouse River, Tasmania, Mr. Masters.
Circular Head, ,, Petterd.
A member exhibited a beautiful specimen of dendritic stone
from Rooty Hill, which was left for exhibition with the Society.
Two volumes of Bentham's " Florn Australiensis" presented to
the Society by the Government, were ordered to be suitably
acknowledged.
Mr. Brazier exhibited a specimen of native food from the
Marshall Islands, composed of pandanus and farina of some plant
resembling the Taro. He also exhibited a fungus from the
Loyalty Islands, much relished by the missionaries (an Agaricus
growing on the roots of trees). Also the fungus from the same
place, which is largely imported into China.
I
OF NEW SOUTH WALES, 21
MONDAY, 26th APRIL, 1875.
William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.
NEW MEMBER PROPOSED.
A. R. Fraser, Esq., New England.
MEMBERS ELECTED.
Edwin Chisholm, Esq., Surgeon ; C. A. Fraser, Esq., New
England.
Dr. Cox read the following paper on the Stone Implements
of Australia and the South Sea Islands : —
The Aboriginals of this vast Continent and adjacent Isles show
no exception to the almost universal custom of making use of
stone as a means of searching for their food, and also for making
the necessary weapons of offence and defence. The few specimens
of these rude implements, which I have laid before you this
evening, are chiefly those which have been used by the natives of
Australia, some are from New Caledonia, a few from New Zealand,
others from the Fiji Group, the Loyalty Islands, several from the
Solomon Isles, and a few from New Guinea. It is now very
difficult to obtain specimens peculiar to New South Wales,
although it is no great time since these implements were to be got
in abundance. I can myself remember seeing them in the hands
of the greater number of the natives of the tribes which once
inhabited in large numbers the Valley of Mulgoa near Penrith ;
but so thoroughly has all trace of them now disappeared that I
have searched that district in vain for specimens peculiar to the
tribes, and if the total disappearance of them has taken place
within the short space of less than thirty-five years, I think, unless
some record of these rude relics of the inhabitants of this land be
made, future generations may doubt their having existed at all.
In Victoria they have totally disappeared from use, and but
comparatively few specimens are left on record. I have never yet
been able to procure a specimen from Tasmania, although I have
offered liberal rewards for them. In Western Australia stone
22 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
hatchets, knives and spears (such as I show you) are still found in
the hands of the dark tribes, and also in Queensland.
The hatchets found in "Western Australia appear to point to one
of the lowest types of creation, their stone implements being so
primitive that, unless the stones were found in gum and fixed to
handles, I scarcely think it would be credited that they had ever
been used for the important duties they had to serve. Some are
said still to be found in the hands of the natives of the northern
part of South Australia, and also in the back rivers of Queensland,
especially to the north-west, where fine specimens can be procured
with handles fixed to them with a gum resin, just as they were
originally found throughout the Continent.
Most of the specimens from New South "Wales which I show
you have been ploughed up in various districts such as Dapto,
Baulham Hills, Monaro, Ashfield, and Kurrajong, while others
have been dug out of the beds of oyster shell, found so abundant
near the mouths of our principal rivers, under shelving rocks,
evidently the scene of many a cooking fire. I presume the hatchets
got mixed with these masses of shells by their making use of them
to open the large mud oyster, which, judging from the abundance
of the shells, were then to be found in quantities, or it might have
been, that it was around the fire that they manufactured their
implements, melting and moulding the wax which was to secure
the handle to the stone. Others of the tomahawks I have received
from the Wollombi, having been dug from the bottom of the large
caves in that district, on the arched roofs of which are still
to be found impressions of the " Red Hand " and other
fisures. Other hatchets have been found in the crevices of rocks
about the locality where they were sharpened and the edge ground.
Of these localities I shall speak presently. Generally one or more
of these hatchets were to be found in the graves of the natives,
but unfortunately almost all of the old mounds have disappeared,
and it requires a keen eye to discover them. It seems to have been
one of the native customs of the New South Wales blacks to bury
the goods and belongings of the men of the tribes with the bodies,
and it is in this way that I account for their being ploughed up
from time to time.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 23
The generality of these hatchets had handles fixed to them by
doubling a piece of tough wood round them, the two were then
bound together tightly with kangaroo sinews, and the whole
plastered with the gum of the grass tree. Usually the handle is
fixed so that only one end of the stone could be used ; but specimens
which I have only recently received from the Macdonald River, a
tributary of the Hawkesbury, lead me to assume that in some
instances the handles was fixed in the centre of the stone so that
both edges were used. That stone hatchets have been made and
used in this manner by neighbouring tribes is shown by the
beautiful specimen, the property of Mr. Markey, kindly lent
me by him to show this evening. The edges of those peculiar to
Australia are almost invariably worn quite straight, transversely,
across the stone, and curved from side to side, and with this single
exception shown with only one edge sharpened. But this rule
cannot be considered absolute, for I show you a stone dug from the
Wollombi Caves by Mr. Brooks, Police Magistrate, of a shape
totally different to any hitherto recorded as having been found in
Australia. It approaches, in fact, more to the hatchets of the Fiji
Group than to any other that I know of. It has a broad upper
surface flat and well polished ; below it is also flat and well
polished, the two surfaces tapering towards each other and making
a good cutting edge but bevelled off from above downwards with
great precision and the angles of the different edges carefully worn
off. It also presents at the opposite end a portion evidently worn
down for the purpose of attaching a handle to it; and from analogy
I believed it to have been fastened into a crooked handle, similar
to those of the Fiji Group ; and I canuot believe that it has not
been introduced. The hatchets from the Solomon Isles are always
conical in form and the cutting surface is not straight, but formed
with a decided curve and are highly polished.
The Fiji weapons are generally long and tapering to each end,
one end coming to a sharp cuttting surface, and the other morticed
in an elbow shaped handle.
In New Caledonia some of the finest specimens of these hatchets
are to be found. In form they are generally circular, made of
green stone, flat with a cutting surface all round, and the handle
24 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LTNNEAN SOCIETY
is fastened by having two holes drilled through the stone, and
tying the stone and handle together with fibre. Many of the
handles are beautifully worked in various devices. Others appear
to have been fastened to long sword-like pieces of wood by being
morticed to it at one end. Stone hatchets have been found in New
Zealand mounted in the same manner, and formed most formidable
weapons when used in the same way as Javelins were used. The
" Meri " of New Zealand, I am led to believe, was carried in the
hand, having one or more holes drilled through it with the object
of attaching it to the wrist of the wearer by a strong cord. These
" Meris " appear to have been passed from tribe to tribe. Generally
they were made of the finest green stone highly polished, and must
have taken almost a generation to make, but others have been made
of a hard pebble stone, and were of the same shape and similarly
used.
New Guinea seems to possess two distinct forms of this weapon.
One of my specimens is in the form of an adze of large size, let
into an angled handle, and is used only, I am told, for cutting
canoes. The other is a small rather square stone angled at either
side of the cutting margin which is always curved. The convexity
of the curve being set away from the handle.
The implements found in Australia proper vary considerably in
the stone used, as well as in the workmanship. Usually they have
been made of the flat elongated pebbles, found in the beds of many
of our Australian water courses ; but from facts which have come
under my notice, it appeal's to me that the tribes resorted to certain
localities in their various districts for the purpose of collecting and
grinding these stones. I know of two places where the rocks in
the neighbourhood have been worn on every side by grinding
the hatchets, so deep indeed are these marks that they must
have been the result of many years work. But in addition to
grinding them in these places the natives evidently carried about
with them stones for rubbing up and sharpening the edges.
Specimens of these stones I now show you.
It is very remarkable, also, that all the specimens I have
shown from the coast tribes are exceedingly rude and only
polished at the cutting edge, while those from the interior are
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 25
more perfect in form and highly polished, as seen in the speci-
mens from the Namoi River district, while some of those of the
Northern tribes of Queensland appear rather to have been formed
by splitting pieces off them. In Western Australia the implements
found are of the very rudest description. They do not appear to
possess sufficient river pebbles from which to form their weapons,
their tomahawks being merely small sharp pieces of granite stuck
into each end of a lump of grass tree gum in the centre of which a
handle is firmly attached, and thus forms a double tomahawk. Their
knives are of two kinds, one made of a piece of sharp crystal with
one end protected with fur and gum. The other specimens of
knives are formed by simply sticking a number of small sharp
pieces of granite in a row to a stick with gum.
1 must next draw your attention to the stone weapons made in
■ the form of arrows used either as spears or arrows, the only
specimens of which are to be found on the north coast of Australia,
west of Cape York. The spears are a long and formidable wooden
implement pointed with a black igneous glassy crystalline stone.
The arrows are tipped by the same sharp stony formation and are
found in the hands of the same tribes. I have still another very
remarkable weapon to show, appropriately called a " gubba gubba "
or headache stone. For this rude and curious weapon I am
indebted to my friend Mr. Beddome, lately Government Resident
at Cape York. In the old world some remarkable round stones
have been at various times found with large holes in the centre ;
and it has been a matter of much conjecture what these stones
actually were, some suggesting that they were weights for fishing
tackle, others, that they had had strings attached to them and were
used for throwing at a distance. The specimens which I show
you set the theory at rest, as far as Australia is concerned, for
they are mounted in such a way that they may be used as a most
formidable weapon of offence. The stones of which these weapons
are composed, are circular in form, six inches in diameter, having
a large hole in the centre through which a strong wooden handle is
passed, and the two are firmly bound together with gum and fibre.
The stones themselves are, as I have said, quite round and
beautifully bevelled off to a very sharp edge.
26 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
These implements, of which I have three, I believe to have come
originally from New Guinea and so far, I think, are the only
specimens on record.
The other, and somewhat similar weapon, is said to have come
from the Solomon Islands ; it differs from the others by not
having any sharp edge on it. In fact, it may be described as
a long wooden handle with a heavy stone ring attached to the end.
The following list of specimens were exhibited : —
Two specimens with original handles attached, fixed on with the
gum of the grass tree. One from the Clarence Iliver district,
about 6|x3| inches long, oval, sharpened at one end only, the
edge being quite straight, central from above doionwards for
about one half of the stone. The other from the Bowen River,
a tributary of the Bowen, Queensland, 5 x 2| inches, of exactly
the same shape and form. Two very large elongately square
shaped specimens measuring 8 inches long, by 51- inches broad,
flattened, of a very coarse stone, the cutting edge very slightly
curved, only occupying one end of the stone, from Stony Creek,
near Picton, New South Wales. Two long narrow very slightly
flattened specimens, about an equal thickness throughout, the cut-
ting edge, central, confined only to one end of the stone, the
opposite end, the head of the hatchet, gradually tapering off.
Presented to me by D. Ash worth, of Manaro The other was
ploughed up at West Dapto, Wollongong. About thirty other
specimens varying in length from 6 to 2J inches, and in breadth
from 4h to 2 inches; many others are proportionately much broader
than long ; most of them are smooth as if made from water worn
pebbles, others are evidently roughly chipped to bring them to a
proper form for use.
One from Western Australia, about 6x3 inches, consists of
an irregular oval mass of grass tree gum, to which a wooden
handle is firmly fixed in the centre below, the cutting edges are
formed by sharp edged chips of granite firmly imbedded in the
gum. Two knives from the same district made by fastening thin
sharp chips of quartz in a line along the lower edge of a wooden
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 27
handle with a similar gum, making a cutting edge of about 5£
inches in length, the wooden handle being about 1 6 inches. One
knife from West Australia, made from a sharp chip of rock crystal
which is imbedded into an oblong mass of gum covered at the end
with opossum skin to prevent it from adhering to the hand.
One from the Wollombi, as described, 5| x 11 inches, in all
probability introduced from abroad.
Two specimens from New Caledonia, the larger one oval, pointed
at one end, broader and rounded at the other, much flattened, with
a rather sharp cutting edge all round, measuring 7x4 inches ;
the smaller one is similar in form, but is oval, measuring 3i inches
wide by 4 inches in length, made from pale green cracked pieces
of turpentine.
Two fine hatchets from Canala, New Caledonia, these are
flattened discs of transparent greenstone with a very sharp cutting
edge all round, ranging from 7J to 6 inches in diameter. These
two specimens have wooden handles attached about 18 inches long
bound round with a soft cordage made from the fur of the flying
fox and dyed dark crimson, the end ornamented by shells ; there
are two holes drilled through the stone about 1 J inches from the
edge, and the handle is fastened to the stone by strong cordage
passed through the holes.
Two from New Zealand ; one consists of a flattened oval piece
of greenstone with a cutting edge all round, obtusely pointed at
either end, rounded at the tips, measuring 11 inches long and 5
inches wide. The other a very perfect spatulate shaped meri,
about 13 inches long, 3£ inches broad at blade, having a handle
with a hole drilled through.
Two from Sir George Grey's Island, New Zealand, a pale gray
ragstone, flattish, elongated, somewhat rectangular at the cutting
edge which is bevelled to one face, the sides are also squared, the
attached end is slightly narrower and left in the rough.
Three large broad axes from New Guinea, the stone blade of
which measures about 15 inches long by 6 inches at the cutting
edge, and tapering to the end attached to the handle to about
28 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEA1? SOCIETY
3 inches, when it is rounded off ; it is a flat smooth elongated stone
widest at the cutting edge, which is central and rounded, and con •
tinuous with the sides of the stone, which are sharply bevelled off.
These blades are set in an elbow shaped handle bent at rather an
acute angle, one of the limbs being shortened and spilt to receive
the blade, which is secured by being firmly bound round with thin
cane, the point of the elbow is produced to a long point about
10 inches and ornamently carved. The blade in these fine
specimens is always set obliquely from the long arm of the handle.
Three small adzes, the heads of which measuring 3£ x 2 inches,
of roughish flattened stone, the cutting surface is confined to
one end, the inner face concave the outer convex, making the
cutting edge arched. These stones taper towards the attached
end which is left in the rough ; they are fastened to a short
kind of elbow shaped handle by a strongly platted bracelet of
cane.
Three from the Fiji Isles also attached to elbowed handles, but
made from thicker pieces of wood, the stone being fastened by a
twine of platted cocoanut fibre. The stone portion of these varies
in length from 6 to 9 inches, and from 1^ to 2 inches in breadth,
they are long, narrow, slightly fastened stones of nearly an equal
width throughout, the cutting edge is confined to the unattached
end which is slightly narrowed round laterally.
Six specimens from the Solomon Group of Isles, four of which
are from Florida Isles; these last vary in length from 5 1 to 3
inches, they are elongated triangles, the base of the triangle being
formed by the cutting edge, which is curved and rounded from
side to side, and formed on the outer surface of the stone, being
very much bevelled off from within ; the whole surface is smooth
and polished, flattened laterally, with blunt rounded edges. Those
from the other Solomon Isles differ only in being narrower and
longer, measuring in length about seven inches.
Two from the Loyalty Isles, very similar in form and general
appearance to the last, but contracted above the cutting edge,
and about an inch longer and broader at the cutting edge, which
is also slightly more central.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 29
Some twenty other specimens were exhibited from various isles
in the South Seas, the exact localities of which have not yet been
determined.
One specimen from Ambrym Isle, New Hebrides Group, similar
in shape to those from Florida Isles, but shorter and broader at
the cutting edge, made from the shell of the tridochna.
One remarkable specimen was also exhibited by Mr. Markey,
it was a stone about a foot in length, almost round, with a cutting
edge at either end, and to the centre was fastened a handle of
strong true cane ; its locality is said to be New Zealand, but from
the nature of the cane handle appears to be doubtful.
Three fine specimens of what are known as gubba gubbas —
these consist of circular discs of stone about 7 inches in diameter
and about 2| inches from side to side, through which a round
hole is bored, and into this hole a wooden handle about three feet
long is fixed ; the circumference of the stone is ground to a sharp
edge all round.
Two fine spears about ten feet long, to the end of which has
attached a piece of sharp pointed flint of about ten inches long.
MONDAY, 31st MAY, 1875.
"W. J. Stephens, Esq., M.A., in the Chair.
NEW MEMBERS PROPOSED.
The Honorable Leopold Fane de Salis, M.L.C. ; E. O. Moriarty,
Esq., Engineer of Rivers, &c. ; Captain Eldred ; The Rev. J. V.
Atkin, M.A. ; H. Prendergast, Esq. ; and Dr. Tarrant, Kiama.
MEMBERS ELECTED.
A. R. Fraser, Esq., New England.
30 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
MONDAY, 28th JUNE, 1875.
J. C. Cox, Esq., M.D., in the Chair.
MEMBERS ELECTED.
The Honorable Leopold Fane cle Salis ; E. 0. Moriarty, Esq. ;
Captain Eldrecl ; The Eev. J. V. Atkin, M.A. ; R. Prendergast,
Esq. ; and Dr. Tarrant, Kiama.
MONDAY, 26th JULY, 1875,
The Honorable L. F. de Salis in the Chair.
NEW MEMBERS PROPOSED.
Thomas Francis, Esq., C.E. ; C. H. Hawkes, Esq.
Mr. E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S,, read the following paper descriptive
of a new species of TricTioglossus.
Trichoglossus. ( GlossopsittaJ amabilis.
Adult Male. — Forehead (all above a stoaight line from the eye
to the nostril) and the whole of the upper surface bright green,
darker on the wings and tail, brightest on the rump and upper
tail coverts, but having a slight olive-green tinge on the upper
wing coverts, interscapular region and back ; the first primary
quill, the tips and all but a narrow green margin to the outer webs
of the remaining quills, blackish brown ; the inner webs of the
secondaries and concealed portions of the wing coverts blackish
brown ; primaries and secondaries below, and the outer series of
the under wing-coverts, dark brown, the first two secondaries
having a faint spot of yellow near the base of their inner webs,
being visible only on the under surface ; the remainder of the
under wing-coverts and margins of the shoulders bright green, of
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 31
the same tint as the under surface of the body ; lores (all below a
straight well-defined line from the eye to the nostril), cheeks, and
throat blight vivid crimson, bounded below by a crescent-shaped
band across the chest of bright yellow, which reaches to the sides
of the lower neck ; legs bright vivid crimson, with a few feathers
of bright yellow, and of violet at the thighs ; under tail-coverts
green, tinted with yellow near the base ; round the vent a small
patch of crimson feathers, and a few tinged with violet ; ear-
coverts, sides of the neck, lower part of the chest, and the
remainder of the under surface bright green ; two or three yellow
feathers on the sides of the chest under the wings in some speci-
mens, and a few of crimson and of yellow scattered over the
abdomen ; the central portion of most of the feathers on the
abdomen tinged with yellow ; tail above dark green, below blackish
brown ; the terminal third portion of all the feathers yellow ; on
the inner webs, near the base of the three external quills, on either
side is a large oblong blotch of bright crimson, margined below
with pale yellow. Bill and cere, orange red ; tip of upper and
lower mandibles dark horn colour ; orbits orange yellow ; tarsus
and feet flesh red. Total length G'7 inches; wing 3-6 ; tarsus,
046 ; tail 3-25 ; bill 0-5 ; culmen 0-35.
Adult Female. — Similar in size and markings to the male, but
less highly coloured ; the tail not so extensively tipped with
yellow, and only an indication of the yellow band across the chest ; ♦
the four exterior tail feathei's on either side are blotched with
crimson, as in the male, the crimson being more distinctly mar-
gined near the base and sides with yellow, but, as in the male,
confined to the inner webs of the feathers. The abdomen and less
are less ornamented with crimson and yellow, no yellow spot a.t
the base of the secondaries as described in the male. Total length
6-5 ; tail 3-05 ; wing 3-6.
Habitat, Ovalau, Fiji Group, S. S. Islands.
Remarks. — This very beautiful species was found at Ovalau by
Mr. Charles Pearce, who was fortunate enough to procure both
sexes from a large tree bearing bunches of yellow blooms, from
which they extracted a honey-like fluid ; they had not previously
made their appearance, and only remained while the tree was in
d2 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
flower. The flock consisted of about thirty individuals, the
stomach contained nothing but the fluid extracted from the
blossoms, and a little pollen from the stamens of the flowers.
This species differs very little from those of the genus Tricho-
glossus and its sub-genus Glossopsitta, except perhaps in the
proportionably greater length of the tail, and the relative length
of the tibia and tarsus, as will be seen by the accompanying
measurements : —
Average sized specimen of O. Australis : Total length, 5 -8
inches; wing 3-S ; tail 2-3; tibia 1-05; tarsus, 0-4. T. (G.)
amabilis : Total length 6-7 inches ; wing 5-0 ; tail 3*25 ; tibia
115 ; tarsus 046.
MONDAY, 30th AUGUST, 1S75.
The Honorable L. F. de Salis in the Chair.
NEW MEMBER PROPOSED.
W. H. Drake, Esq.
MEMBERS ELECTED.
Thomas Francis, Esq., C.E. ; C. H. Hawkes, Esq.
MONDAY, 27th SEPTEMBER, 1875.
"W. J. Stephens, Esq., M.A. in the Chair.
MEMBER ELECTED.
W. H. Drake, Esq.
Mr. Ramsay read some notes on an Entomostracous Crustacean,
(Lepidurus viridis) which had been sent for identification, and also
exhibited and gave the following description of a new genus and
species of marsupial.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 33
Description of a new genus and Species of Eat Kangaroo, allied
to the genus Hypsiprymnus, proposed to be called Hypsi-
prymnodon moschatus, byE. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., CM. Z.S.,
Curator of the Australian Museum, Sydney.
I had provisionally placed this animal, on account of its dental
formula and the formation of its premolai-s, in the genus Hypsi-
prymnus, from which, however, it must be separated, as will be
seen from the following remarks ; and on account of these peculiari-
ties and differences, I have formed for its reception the new genus
I now propose to call Hypsiprymnodon, which may be thus charac-
terised : —
Hy
PSIPRYMNODON.
Gen.
Nov.
Incisors
3-
1-
-3
-1
Canines
1-
0-
-1
-0
Premolars
1-
1-
-1
-1
Molars
4-
4-
-4
-4
Skull very similar to that, of Hypsiprymnus, but more elongated
anteriorly, the distance between the premolars and canines, and
between the canines and third incisor, comparatively greater than
in either Hypsiprymnus or Betongia ; angular process of mandible
broad and rounded, the ascending of ramus short, rather wide, not
much longer than the condyloid, which is also comparatively
short ; the posterior palatine openings confluent, narrow, acute
anteriorly, the anterior margins meeting the exterior-lateral at an
acute angle, curved outwards and reaching to opposite the posterior
margin of the premolars ; anterior palatine openings linear, some-
what oval, twisted, acute posteriorly, (the posterior and basal
portions of the skull have been cut away).
The teeth are identical with those of Betongia and Hypsiprymnus,
with these differences ; the premolar narrower and placed more
obliquely in the jaws — the canines small and feeble ; incisors long,
narrow, rounded externally. The fore feet of five toes, regular,
hand-like, last two joints of the toes scaly, the nails small and
34 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
weak ; the second and fourth toes nearly equal, the third only a
little longer than the second, the fifth a little longer than the first,
which is the shortest ; wrists and first joints of the toes covered
with short stiff hairs. The hind feet long, slender, of five toes,
the first (thumb) placed far behind, well developed, nearly as long
as the fifth or outer toe, second and third conjoined, as in all the
kangaroos, in length equal to the outer ; the fourth longest, about
one-third longer than the outer toe ; all except the first (thumb)
covered with hair, and having short weak nails ; ears large,
rounded, bare within, clothed with short hair at the base, on the
outside margins nearly bare ; tail about half the length of the body,
about an inch of the base clothed with hair, the remainder naked,
scaly, intermixed with a few short minute hairs.
Hypsiprymnodon moschatus. Sp. jVo».
All the upper surface of the body clothed with close and rather
stiff fur, of a rich golden colour, mixed with black, the base of the
hairs being of a dull dark wood-brown, the remainder yellow and
black barred ; head, face, and lower parts of the legs, dark
brownish grey — the hairs brown at base, barred with black and
white, and being much shorter than on the back — feet and hands
dark chocolate-brown, tail blackish brown, with a lead-coloured
tinge — along the centre of the throat and chest to the abdomen, a
few patches of white. The sexes are alike in colouration, and
emit a strong odour of musk. The young of a more golden hue,
and less white on the under parts ; irides dark hazel — nostrils
blackish — tips naked. Total length of adults 12 inches, tail 6
inches ; fore feet 09 inch, hind feet from ankle T8 inch. Habitat :
The dense brushes and scrubs in the Rockingham Bay district. I
first met with this highly interesting and anomalous marsupial,
while on a visit to the Herbert Kiver in January, 1874, where it
inhabits the dense and damp portions of the scrubs which fringe
the rivers and clothe the sides of the coast range in that district.
The animal is by no means rare, yet from its retiring habits and
dense nature of the parts frequented by it, is at all times difficult
to obtain. Its habits are chiefly diurnal, and its actions when not
disturbed by no means ungraceful ; it progresses in much the same
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 35
manner as the kangaroo rats {HypsiprymnusJ, to which it is closely
allied, bnt procures its food by turning over the debris in the
scrubs in search of insects, worms, and tuberous roots, frequently
eating the palm berries (Ptychospeema alexandce) which it holds in
its fore paws after the manner of the phalangers sitting up on its
haunches, or sometimes digging like the bandicoots (Perameles).
Seldom more than one or two are found together, unless accom-
panied by the young. In March, 1874, I obtained from Mr. K.
Broadbent, a female with two young in the pouch, very small, and
resembling young bandicoots. During the same month a half-
grown young one was shot in company with the adult male and
female. They evidently breed during the rainy season, which lasts
from February to May. In the young the white marking of the
under surface is not so extensive, but the fur of the upper surface
is of a more golden hue than in the adults. Both sexes have a
strong although not disagreeable odour of musk, which appears to
be stronger in the female. Their range of habitant extends over
the whole of the scrubs of the Rockingham Bay district, and
doubtless as far north as the Daintree River. Mr. Spalding did
not obtain any during a recent visit to the Endeavour River.*
Specimens of an annulose animal resembling Planaria were
exhibited. They were sent by Mr. Icely of Coombing, and were
found in his garden.
DONATION.
Four volumes of the "Flora Australiensis " were received aa
a donation from the Colonial Secretary, making, with the two
previously presented, the entire number as yet published.
* I found this species well-known to many of the settlers in the district ; but I am
chiefly indebted to Mr. Broadbent's energies for the specimens in my collection.
36 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
MONDAY, 25th OCTOBEE, 1875.
William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.
NEW MEMBERS PROPOSED.
Hugh Kennedy, Esq., University ; A. Dodds, Esq. ; Francis
Lark, Esq., Sydney.
The President read the following paper, entitled Notes on
the Zoological Collections made in Torres Straits and
New Guinea during the Cruise of the "Chevert."
It is now five months since I took my departure from Sydney
for a few months' cruise among the Islands of New Guinea and
Torres Straits. I was accompanied, as you are aware, by Mr.
Masters and Mr. Brazier, both members of our society, and I had,
besides, with me, two very competent taxidermists and collectors — -
Messrs. Spalding and Pettard. The results of the expedition I
hope to be able to exhibit to you in a few weeks, upon the arrival
of the " Chevert," now on her way from Cape York. In the
meantime I have jotted down, from memory, a few notes and
observations, which, I trust, will not be altogether uninteresting
to you.
The mammals of New Guinea are, almost without exception,
marsupial ; the exceptions are, the New Guinea pig — Sus Papu-
ensis, which seems very abundant, and is frequently domesticated ;
a small breed of clog, kept in a domestic state by the natives — ■
probably a variety of the dingo of Australia ; a few muridce, and
several species of large frugiverous bats. Of course, the deer,
monkeys, and tigers of Captain Lawson exist only in imagination,
and, I think, the same may be said of the buffaloes of the Rev.
Mr. Macfarlane, the Congregational Missionary at Cape York. We
were not fortunate in procuring many of the mammals ; but,
kangaroos of various sizes and genera appeared to be abundant ;
and we saw specimens of Cuscus, Belideus, and other Phalangers.
We saw, also, a species of Parameles, but no Dasyurus, or other
carnivorous marsupial.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 37
The collection made of birds during the trip amounts to about
1000 specimens. The avifauna of New Guinea resembles, in a
great degree, that of Australia, the same genera, and often the same
species, being common to both countries ; but there is, besides, in
New Guinea, a distinctive type of birds, which more resembles the
fauna of the Dutch Archipelago. Among the most common of
the Australian forms in New Guinea is the Bee-eater — Merops
ornatus. It is, with us, only a summer visitor. It seems to com
mence its annual migration southwards as early as August.
Throughout the early part of September, I observed, or heard,
scattered flocks of from twelve to twenty of them passing the ship
at all hours of the day and night, and making direct for the main
land near Cape York. They flew low, and with anything but a
steady flight. I imagine their migration is a very slow and painful
affair, for it is generally the month of November before they reach
their breeding grounds on the Murrumbidgee.
Another summer visitor to the northern parts of Australia from
New Guinea is the Torres Straits pigeon — Myristicivora spilorrhea.
We found that it commenced its migration southwards in the
month of July ; at that time the low islands of Torres Straits were
covered with them, their favourite fruit — the date plum — being
then ripe and abundant. It is not, however, till Febniary, I am
told, that these birds reach their southern limit, about Port
Denison. The well known dollar bird Eurystomus pacificus, is
another of our summer birds which seems to winter in New
Guinea. The meilipliagidce and flycatchers of New Guinea were
mostly of common Australian genera, while the raptores and
grallatores were, in many instances, of the same species. Of the
truly Papuan Fauna, the most beautiful things we got were king-
fishers, pigeons — several species of great beauty, Scansores of
brilliant colours, and specimens of Buceros rujicoilis. A most
welcome addition to my Australian collection was made by Mr.
Masters, at the North Barnard Isles. He procured three speci-
mens of the beautiful Piilorhis Victoria, a bird which has never
yet been found anywhere else. I have also been able to add very
largely to my collection of Australian sea birds, more particularly
among the Slernidce.
38 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
The reptilia I found to be numerously represented in New
Guinea, and there are few, if any, of the Islands in the Straits,
however small, in which there were not some lizards. At Katow,
I got, by the assistance of the natives, a number of species of
snakes, lizards, and tree frogs ; the snakes all, I think, of unde-
scribed species, and, with one exception, venomous. All the
rivers swarmed with alligators, but they were not easily killed-
T got two, however, while at Katow, the largest only nine feet
long ; the species I have not yet made out. At Hall Sound I got
a huge Liasis, and at Darnley Island a species of Morelia. Some
of the lizards are of great beaut}', and all quite new to me.
My collection of fish numbers about 800, the largest portion of
them, however, from the northern coast of Australia. I found it
difficult to get the fish of New Guinea ; it was impossible to haul
the seine on the rough coral beaches ; the hook was tried, but
ineffectually, and the natives of Hall Sound, though always
catching fish, would never part with anything edible. I managed,
however, to get some very remarkable looking things. I should
say that sharks and rays are by far the most numerous tribes
of fishes in Torres Straits and the adjacent reefs. I got many
species of each. Near the muddy coast of New Guinea, the
Siluridae seem well represented. Everywhere, of course, among
the reefs Labridce of the most beautiful colours were abundant.
Of Percoid fishes, those of the division Pristopomatidce were the
most numerous, though the Squamipennes were also rather abun-
dant. I got one very curious acronurous fish, evidently of the
genus Naseus, but with the frontal horn of very great size. At
Darnley Island the ship was attended for several days by a
number of large sucking fish Echineis Remora, who adhered to
the ship's side, but let go their bold the instant anything edible
was thrown overboard. The only fish I met with, having a claim
to recognition as an article of food, is a species of large-scaled
mullet — Mugil, which abounds about Cape York, and is really
delicious.
Of marine mollusca, a very large collection has been made, so
large that I cannot give a guess even at the number and value of
the specimens. There are among them many rare and new
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 39
«
species ; these, as well as many jars full of echinodermata,
annelida, polyzoa, &c, in endless variety, were collected on the
reefs at low water, or dredged for at various depths, along the
north-east coast of Australia, and in Torres Straits, whenever
opportunity offered. But nowhere was the yield so good as at
Darnley Island. During a few days dredging there we got more
line shells and annelids than at all the other places taken together.
The collection of land shells also, chiefly from New Guinea, com-
prises many new species of Helix, &c. I cannot, I regret to say,
give you at present more detailed information in regard to these
testacean mollusks. When Mr. Brazier arrives he will be able to
furnish the fullest information on the subject to all those curious
in such matters.
The collection of " Articulata" I look upon as extremely valu-
able. The insects were chiefly collected at Cape York, Darnley
Island, and New Guinea, and in all these places there was a
general resemblance to the Polynesian fauna, and an extraor-
dinary absence of the usual Australian forms. The diurnal
lepidoptera were numerous, and in great variety. Omithoptera
pronomus was common at Cape York, and 0. Poseidon at Darnley
Island and Hall Sound. The coleoptera were, upon the whole,
rare, and difficult to get, though we managed to scrape together
several thousand specimens. Longicornia and Curculionidoz were
the most abundant. Of Lamellicornia, Phytophaga, Buprestidce,
&c,, there were few, and the almost entire absence of the carni-
vorous ground beetles was most remarkable. There are, however,
many new species among the insects of all orders, and some of
great size and beauty. Mr. Spalding cut out of one tree at Hall
Sound a dozen specimens of Batocera Wallacei — an insect of great
rarity. The collection of Arachnida was also srood.
Crustacea were got in great numbers and variety on the reefs,
in dead coral and in the dredge.
Altogether I have succeeded in getting together a vast and
valuable collection — a collection which, considering the short
time at my disposal, seems wonderful, and which affords undoubted
proof of the industry and zeal of my staff of collectors. For, it
must be remembered that, though the full time of my intended
40 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
absence from Sydney lias expired, the actual time available for the
purposes of the voyage was much less than I calculated on. The
" Chevert," though a good, dry, and comfortable ship, was unable
to sail against the wind, and it was so constantly against us during
a great part of the expedition, that I do not think we had more
than sixty days for collecting during the five months' cruise. The
laborious task of arranging, naming, and describing this very large
collection still remains to be done. I am desirous that the com-
plete zoology of the expedition should be published in this
country, and indeed, would be glad if all papers on this subject,
particularly those descriptive of new species could make their
appearance in the transactions of this society. It may, how-
ever, be a long time before some of the classes of marine animals
can be entered on. For the present, Mr. Masters, I hope, will
undertake the mammals and birds of the Expedition. Mr.
Brazier, I have no doubt, will take the testacean mollusks in
charge. I may, probably, if I have time, take in hand the
reptiles, fishes, and insects ; but, I confess, that I cannot at
present think of any one who is likely to do justice to the
Crustacea, echinodermata, annelida, polyzoa, polypifera, and other
still lower forms of animal life.
I have confined this paper to a brief notice of the zoological part
of my collection alone, but I have not neglected ethnology and
geology. As regards the botany of the Expedition, I am in hopes
that Sir W. Macarthur may communicate something to the Society
on that subject.
Mr. Masters exhibited a number of fine specimens of the
gigantic Batocera Wallacei, taken in the vicinity of Hall Sound,
New Guinea.
DONATION.
A very fine and perfect skull of a species of Xiphius was
presented to the Society by Dr. Charles M'Kay.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 41
MONDAY, 29th NOVEMBER. 1875.
William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.
MEMBERS ELECTED.
Hugh Kennedy, Esq., University; A. Dodds, Esq; Francis
Lark, Esq., Sydney.
Mr. E. P. Ramsay read the following papers : —
Characters of a new genus and species of Passerine bird, from the
Fiji Islands, proposed to be called Vitia.
This is an interesting passerine fonn, which appears to be allied
to Synallaxis on the one hand, and Troglodytes on the other. I
have not yet determined to which family of the Passeres it most
properly belongs, but for the present I place it among the Trog-
lodytes (Troglodytidoz, Sclater.) I can find no genus in any of the
woi'ks at my disposal, Grey's Genera of Birds included, into which
I can place it with any degree of certainty, and although much
averse to forming new genera, I do not see how I can possibly
avoid it, unless by leaving it for some one else to do. I therefore
propose to form, for the reception of the present species, the genus
Vitia which may be thus characterised.
Bill as long, or about the same length as the head, straight,
compai-atively strong, as wide as high at the base, compressed
laterally past the nostrils, culmen very slightly curved to the tip,
which is entire
Nostrils, lateral, basal, placed in a longitudinal groove ; the
opening oblong, partially covered with membrane ; distance
between the anterior margin of nostril and tip of the bill nearly
equal to the distance between the nostrils and angle of the mouth.
Wings, short, 1st quill about one-half the length of 2nd ; 2nd
one-fourth shorter than 3rd, which is about equal to the 9th ; the
4th, 5th, and 6th about equal and longest ; the 7th and 8th very
little less ; the remainder gradually decreasing to the innermost
secondary.
42 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Tail, of ten feathers, long, graduated, somewhat rounded — the
lateral feathers only slightly (one-fifth) shorter than the central.
Tarsus, long, about one-third shorter than the tibia, slender,
scales obsolete ; hind toe, long, strong ; the claw equal to the
length of the toe ; lateral toes uneven, the inner shorter than the
outer, with, its claw about equal to the length of the middle wiihoit
its claw ; outer toe joined to centre toe from about the middle of
first joint.
In the formation of the wings and legs this genus resembles that
of Malurus and Sericornis.
VlTIA RUFICAPILLA, Nov. Sp.
Adult Male. — The whole of the head rufous, paler rufous on the
sides of the face ; the throat, chest and centre of the abdomen ashy
white ; the sides of the neck and of the body, light ashy brown,
becoming browner at the flanks and under tail-coverts ; tail under-
neath brown crossed by numerous indistinct narrow wavy bars of
darker tint, seen only in certain lights, above dark brown, with a
slight tinge of reddish brown or inner margins of the quills ; wings
below brown, the quills margined with whitish along the inner
webs towards the base ; under wing-coverts white, wings above dark
brown, slightly tinged with reddish brown on the outer margins
of the quills and upper wing-coverts ; lower hind neck, back and
remainder of the upper surface brown, with a slight reddish brown
tinge on the wings and upper tail-coverts. Bill dark horn-brown,
lower mandible whitish, legs and feet light brown, iris brown ;
total length, 4-8 inches ; wing, 2-4 ; tail, 2*5 ; tarsus, 0-97 ; bill
from forehead, 0*7 ; from angle of the mouth, 072 ; from nostril,
•4 ; height at nostril, 0-2 ; width, 0-2.
Adult Female. — In size and plumage same as the male.
This species was found at Kandavau, in the Fiji group. It was
discovered in pairs traversing the more open parts on the sides of
the ranges, flitting from bush to bush, and emitting a weak mono-
syllabic note. When separated they use a rather loud call note.
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 43
Description of a new species of Blackbird (Merula) : —
Merula ruficeps, nov. sp.
Adult Male. — The whole of the head, neck, and chest ochraceous
buff or pale rufous ; the remainder of the body, upper and under
tail-coverts, and of the wings and tail above, black ; under surface
of wings and tail blackish brown ; legs brown, lower half to the
knees buff ; bill, tarsi, and feet gamboge yellow ; iris, pale brown ;
total length 6 J inches ; wing, 4-1 ; tail, 2-7 ; bill from forehead,
0*9 ; from angle of the mouth, 1*1 ; tarsus, 1*2.
The female is similar in plumage, one specimen not quite adult
has the legs of a uniform brown colour, and is slightly larger than
the male ; total length 1\ inches ; wing 4'1 ; tail 2*9 ; tarsi 1'2 ;
bill from forehead 0-9 ; from angle of mouth l'l.
Description of a new species of Flycatcher (Rhypidura) : —
Rhypidura personata, nov.
sp.
All the upper surface brown, of a duller and darker tint on the
head and neck ; upper tail-coverts and tail blackish brown, the
outermost feathers on either side of the tail margined with white,
narrowly at the tip, and becoming only a very narrow line of white
margining the inner webs, the shafts of these feathers below white,
the next two on either side having only a very small white mark
at the apex ; wings above brown, the inner secondaries margined
on the outer webs with dull light buff, under wing-coverts brown
margined with silvery white, head and neck dark brown ; a line of
white extends from the forehead over the eye to the upper part of
the ear-coverts ; lores, ear-coverts, and a narrow line round the
eye blackish brown ; from the posterior angle of the eye over the
ear-coverts a short line of white ; throat and sides of the neck
below white ; from the centre of the throat, extending and
widening out on the chest, is a broad somewhat triangular patch of
black ; the lower part of the chest, the breast, and remainder of the
under surface of the body and under tail-coverts white ; the sides
and flanks tinged with olive-brown, more extensively in some than
44 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
in others ; bill black ; lower mandible whitish ; legs and feet dark
lead blue ; iris light brown; total length, 6*2 inches; wing, 3*2 ;
tail, 3*75 ; tarsus, 04 ; bill from gape, 0*55 ; from forehead, 0*4 ;
from nostril, 03.
The sexes are alike in plumage, but the female appears to have
a greater extent of olive-brown on the flanks and sides.
In actions and habits they closely resemble the R. albiscapa of
New South Wales, being seldom seen in the " opens," usually
confining themselves to the dense brushes and thickly wooded parts.
The above described new species were discovered by Mr. Charles
Pearce in the Fiji Islands ; and now form part of the magnificent
collection at Elizabeth Bay. I am indebted to Mr. William
Macleay, F.L.S., for the privilege of describing these new and
interesting forms.
Mr. Brazier exhibited six rare species of Cyproea ( Walkeri,
staphyloma, limacina, miliaris, quadrimaculata, and asellus) from
Darnley Island, and a new Helix from Hall Sound, New Guinea.
MONDAY, 27th DECEMBER, 1875.
*
William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.
Mr. Masters communicated the following Paper : —
ZOOLOGY OF THE " CHE VEBT."— ORNITHOLOGY.
Part I.
I have been requested by Mr. Macleay to undertake the
identification and description of the Birds collected during the
voyage of the " Chevert" on the north-east coast of New Holland,
and the southern shores of New Guinea, during the months of
June, July, August, and September of this year.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 45
I believe that I shall be consulting the convenience of Orni-
thologists, by making separate lists of the Australian and New
Guinea Birds. Accordingly, this part will be limited to the
Bii-ds of Australia, including amongst them all those which were
collected on the islands of, and in Torres Straits.
1. Haliastur leucosternus, Gould.
One male, Brook Island. Seen occasionally in Torres Straits,
also at New Guinea.
2. — Leucospiza nov^e hollandi;e, Gmelin.
One female, Cape York. A very fine specimen, and the only
one seen.
3. — Astur approximans, Vigors and Horsfield.
One male, and two females, Cape York.
The male differs from the females, by having all the under
surface finely and transversely barred, and by the collar showing
much more distinct.
4. — Hieracoglaux connivens, Latham.
One male, Cape York.
5. — PODARGUS PHAL^ENOIDES, Gould.
One female, Cape York. A very fine and beautifully marked
specimen.
6. — PODARGUS GOULDI. i\T. Sp.
General plumage of a pale marbled grey, plume at base of bill
large and erect, the central feathers rounded and tipped with
white, a narrow line extending from the base of the bill to the
upper part of the eye, and another beneath the eye white ;
feathers of the occiput, back of the neck, and partially of the back
with the centre black, and tip white ; entire under surface of a
lighter colour than the upper, and marked with long narrow
stripes of brownish black ; these marks being larger and more
distinct on the chest ; primaries above dark brown, with numerous
bands of white ; beneath of a lighter colour, the bands becoming
46 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
obsolete towards the extremity ; coverts of the same character as
the feathers of the back, but with larger blotches of white, forming
two indistinct bands along the wing ; under coverts white ; tail of
average length, marked throughout with narrow black fasciae ;
these bands becoming oblique in the two central feathers, and
alternate ; the shafts of the central feathers brown above, and
white below, of the others black above and brown below ; bill
brown, with the base of the upper mandible at the gape yellow ;
legs and feet robust, and of a dark leaden hue.
Total length, 14 inches and 7 tenths ; wing, 8-75 ; tail, 6*9 ;
tarsi. 11 ; middle toe, without the claw, 1-45 ; bill from forehead,
1-7 ; bill from angle of the mouth, 2*6 ; width across angle of the
mouth, 2-2.
One male, Gulf of Carpentaria, obtained from Mr. Broadbent.
This fine and distinct species might at first sight be taken for a
light coloured variety of P. phal&noides ; but the legs and feet are
much more robust than in that species. I give the measurements
of the middle toe (without the claw) of both, to show the great
difference that exists. P. Qouldi, 1-45; P. jphalcenoides, 1-05.
I name this species after John Gould, Esq., F.B.S., the well-
known author of our best works on Ornithology.
7 — Podargus papuensis, Quoy and Oaimard.
Two males and three females, Cape York.
No two specimens of the five obtained are alike ; they vary in
colour from a light grey to a sandy buff.
8. — Eurostopodus GUTTATUS, Vigors and Horsfield.
One female, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from Mr. Broadbent.
9. — Caprimulgus macrurus, Horsfield.
One male, Brook Island.
10. — Cypselus terr^e regin^e, Ramsay.
Two males and one female, Fitzroy Island.
Seen in considerable numbers ; towards evening they all left for
the main land, keeping at a great height.
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 47
11. — Hylochelidon nigricans, Vigors.
Two males. Cape York.
This common Sydney swallow appears to be rare towards the
north, as it was only seen upon two or three occasions.
12. — Merops ornatus, Latham.
Two females, Cape York. Common everywhere.
13. — Dacelo cervina, Oould.
One female, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from Mr. Broadbent.
Examples of this bird were seen at Cape Grenville and Cape
York. Its excessive shyness prevented any possibility of getting
within shooting distance.
14. — Todiramphus SANCTUS, Vigors and Eorsfield.
One male and two females, Palm Island ; one male and one
female, Cape Grenville ; one male and one female, Cape
York ; one female, Dungeness Island ; one female, Bet
Island; one male, Darnley Island.
Very widely distributed, and seen everywhere, New Guinea
included.
15. — Todiramphus sordidus, Gould.
One male, Cape York ; two males, Dungeness Island; four
males and four females, Long Island.
Common on Dungeness and Long Islands, where it frequents
the dense mangroves.
16. — CYANALCYON Macleayi, Jardine and Selby.
One female, Fitzroy Island ; one male and one female, Cape
York.
Cape York appears to be its most northern limit, as it was not
observed upon any of the islands in Torres Straits.
17. — Syma flavhiostris, Gould.
One male and one female, Cape York.
48 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
18. — Alcyone pusilla, Temminck.
Two males and three females, Long Island, Torres Straits,
Found in the same situations as Todiramphus sordidus, not
uncommon, but very shy, and difficult to get.
19.— ARTAMUS ALBIVENTRIS, Gould.
One male and one felmale, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained
from Mr. Broadbent.
20. — Artamus leucopygialis, Gould.
Two males and two females, Cape Grenville : one female, Cape
York. Common at both places.
21. — Cracticus Quoyi, Lesson.
One male and two females, Cape York.
Frequents the dense thickets, and is extremely shy and wary ;
it was also seen on the Barnard Isles.
22. — Graucalus melanops, Latham.
One male, Palm Island ; one young female, Sue Island ; and
and one young female, Cape York.
Seen occasionally at the different Islands through the Straits,
but rare, and wary.
23. — Graucalus hypoleucus, Gould.
One male and one female, Palm Island ; one male, Cape York ;
one young female, Cape Grenville.
24. — Campephaga Karu, Lesson.
One male and one female, Palm Island ; one male and three
females, Cape York.
25. — Pachycephala melanura, Gould.
Six males and three females, Cape Grenville ; two males,
Darnley Island ; one female, Long Island ; one female, Bet
Island.
This species frequents the dense brushes and mangroves, and
was observed upon all the wooded Islands visited in Torres Straits.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 49
The female appears to be unknown to Mr. Gould, a description is
therefore given. The female has the head and neck slaty grey ;
back, upper tail coverts, and the basal half of the tail, dark olive
green ; apical half black, tipped with brown, circle surrounding the
eye, light brown ; throat dull white, freckled with grey ; "chest
dark brown ; the remainder of the under surface, and under tail
coverts, deep yellow lightly washed with buff ; basal half of the
bill dark brown, becoming almost black towards the tip ; legs and
feet bluish lead colour ; irides brown. Total length, 6- inches ;
wing, 3-35 ; tail, 2'7 ; tarsi, 0-9 ; bill from forehead, 0-65 ; bill
from gape, 0.8.
In his Handbook, Mr. Gould says : — -" Whenever this sex is
collected it will be found to bear a very general resemblance to the
females of P. gutturalis, and P. glaucura."
I thought a description woidd be acceptable, as it is so totally
different from either.
This species appears to have a pretty wide range ; we first
fell in with it at Cape Grenville, afterwards at Cape York, and
throughout all the wooded Islands in Torres Straits.
'a
26. — Pachycephela robusta. N. Sp.
All the upper surface slaty grey, gradually passing into olive
green, the green becoming more distinct on the rump and upper
tail coverts ; throat lightish grey, almost white, each feather with
a transverse line of a darker colour ; chest brown, slightly tinted
with yellow ; abdomen, flanks, and under tail coverts, pale yellow,
lightly washed with buff ; primaries blackish brown, margined on
their outer webs with light grey ; secondaries of the same colour,
mai-gined with rufous ; tail above olive green, beneath of a lighter
hue, and showing indistinct wavy transverse fasciae ; bill dark
brown ; legs and feet blackish brown. Total length, 6-8 inches ;
wing, 3-4 ; tail, 2-8 ; tarsi, 0*9 ; bill from forehead, 0-75.
This bird bears a very general resemblance to the female of
P. melanura, but it is altogether a nmch larger and more robust
species, and the bill is also very much larger.
One female, shot at Cape York in a dense mangrove swamp,
and the only one seen.
50 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE L1NNEAN SOCIETY
27. — Colluricincla superciliosa (male). JV. Sp.
All the upper surface slaty grey ; lores, a broad line extending
from the nostrils and over the eye, throat, centre of the abdomen,
and under tail coverts, white ; feathers of the throat with a dark
line down their centres ; under tail coverts slightly washed with
brown ; breast grey ; flanks rather lighter, and tinged with rufous ;
wings brown, margined with grey ; tail grey ; shafts of the feathers
brown above, white beneath ; bill black ; legs and feet bluish
black ; irides very dark hazel. Total length, 9*9 inches, wing, 5 ;
tail, 4-2; tarsi, 1*2; bill from forehead, 1-1 ; bill from gape, l'l.
One specimen only, of this very distinct species, was shot at
Cape Grenville by Dr. James.
28. — Colluricincla parvula, Gould.
Six males and one female, Cape York ; one female, Cape
Grenville ; one male and two females, Palm Island.
29.— Chibia bracteata, Gould.
Two males, Palm Island ; one male, Brook Island.
Common at both places, and throughout all the wooded Islands
in Torres Straits.
30. — Manucodia Gouldi, G. R. Gray.
Two males, one female, and three young, Cape York.
A very noisy bird, and pretty plentiful in the brushes about
Somerset.
31. — Rhipidura rufifrons, Latham.
One male and two females, Cape York.
Frequents the brushes, and is far from being common.
32. — Rhipidura isura, Gould.
One young female, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from Mr.
Broadbent.
33. — Piezorhynchus nitldus, Gould.
Four males and four females, Cape York ; one female, Dun-
geness Island ; one female, Long Island.
Inhabits the dense mangroves and thickets.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 51
34 — Arses Kaupi, Gould.
One male, Cape York. The only one seen.
35. — Myiagra plumbea, Vigors and Horsjield.
One male, Percy Island No. 2 ; one female, Albany Island •
two males and one female, Darnley Island ; three males,
one young male, and one female, Cape York.
36. M AGRA LATIROSTRIS, Oould.
One female, Cape Grenville ; one male, Long Island ; two males
and two females, Cape York.
Inhabits the dense mangroves, is rare, and difficult to obtain.
37. — Mach^erirhynchus flaviventer, Gould.
One male and one female, Cape York.
38. MlCR(ECA assimilis, Gould.
One male, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from Mr. Broadbent.
39. — Micrceca flavigaster, Gould.
One male and one female, Dungeness Island ; one female, Long
Island.
Rare, and inhabits thickets.
40. — Monarcha trivtrgata, Temminch.
One male, Palm Island.
41. — Monarcha albiventris, Gould.
Three males, three females, and five young in different stages of
plumage, Cape York ; two males, one female, and one
young, Darnley Island ; two males, one female, and one
young, Sue Island ; one male, Cape Grenville.
Common at Cape York, and all through the Islands in Torres
Straits.
42.— Gerygone person ata, Gould.
Three males, one young male, and three females, Cape York.
The female differs from the male by having all the under surface
yellow, and in wanting the black markings about the head.
52 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LTNNEAN SOCIETY
43. — Gerygone simplex, N. Sj>.
All the upper surface, and ear coverts, light brown ; lores, and
a spot behind the eye, blackish brown ; a line from the nostrils
over the eye, a spot beneath the eye, throat, centre of abdomen,
and under tail covei-ts white ; sides of the chest light grey ;
remainder of the under surface of a very light buffy white ;
primaries and secondaries dark or blackish brown, margined with
light grey ; tail above, for two-thirds of its distance from the base,
black, the two central feathers dark brown ; the outer feathers
with a pai't of the external, and a large patch not quite reaching
the extreme tip of the internal webs, white ; the remainder of the
tail feathers with a patch of white on their inner webs, this patch
gradually diminishing in size towards the two central ones ;
beneath the tail the black becomes much paler, and is crossed by
four or five transverse wavy fascia? ; bill, and feet, black. Total
length, 3-9 ; wing, 2-1 ; tail, 1-6 ; tarsi, 065 ; bill from forehead,
0'5 ; from gape, 0-55.
One male and one female, Gulf of Carpentaria. From Mr.
Broadbent.
This species can be readily distinguished from G. magnirostris
(its nearest ally) by the white line from the nostrils over the eye,
by the large white patches in the tail, and by the under mandible
being jet black, and not pearl-white at the base.
The sexes are alike in plumage.
44 — Drymodes superciliaris, Gould.
One male, Cape York.
45. — EOPSALTRIA LEUCURA, Gould.
Two males, Cape Grenville ; two males and one female, Cape
York.
Frequents the dense mangrove swamps, very rare, and difficult
to obtain.
46. — Malurus amabilis, Gould.
Malurus Tiypoleucos, Gould.
Three males and three females, Cape York.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 53
Mr. Gould described the female of amabilis as a distinct species,
under the name of hypoleucos. I had ample opportunities of
observing them at Cape York, and pronounce them as identical
without the slightest hesitation.
47. — Malurus cruentatus, Oould.
One male, Cape York ; one male and one female, Gulf of Car-
pentaria. From Mr. Broadbent.
48. — Malurus Lamberti, Vigors and Horsfield.
One male and one female, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from
Mr. Broadbent.
This may, perhaps, prove to be a distinct species, as it differs
slightly in hue from Sydney specimens ; for the present I look upon
it as a local variety.
49. — Cisticola lineocapilla, Gould.
One male, Gulf of Carpentaria. From Mr. Broadbent.
50. — Sericornis brunneopygius, At. Sp.
All the upper surface very dark brown, becoming rufous on the
rump, and upper tail covex-ts, tail, lores, and ear coverts, dark
brown ; a line commencing at the nostrils, and passing over the
eye, and a line beneath the eye white ; centre of the forehead and
a narrow line passing over the white, black ; throat dull white,
slightly striated with blackish brown ; sides of the chest light
brown ; the under surface, and under tail coverts bufly white ;
wings and tail dark brown, inclining to rufous ; spurious wing
coverts black, largely tipped with white ; bill brown above,
lighter beneath ; legs and feet flesh colour. Total length of
male, 4'4 ; wing, 2-45 ; tail, 1.75 ; tarsi. 0-75 ; bill from forehead,
0.6 ; from gape, 0-G5.
The female is rather smaller than the male, and the black and
white markings of the head are less distinct,
This species can be readily distinguished from S. la-viy aster, by
the uniform colour of the tail.
54 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Four males and three females, Cape York.
Common in the brushes about Cape York, where it has evidently
been overlooked by previous collectors.
51. — BATHILDA RUFICAUDA, Gould
Two males, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from Mr. Broadbent,
52. — DONACOLA CASTANEOTHORAX, Gould.
One young, Cape York.
Very common about the settlement at Somerset. ISTo finches
were seen upon any of the islands in Torres Straits.
53. — Pitta strepitans, Temminch
One female, Palm Island.
This is the most northern locality, I believe, that this species
has been obtained.
54. — Pitta simillima, Gould
One male and one female, Bet Island.
55. MlMETA AFFINIS, Gould.
One male and five females, Cape York ; one female, Cape
Grenville ; one female, Sue Island.
56. — MlMETA FLAVOCINCTA, Vigors and Eorsjield.
Two males and one female, Cape Grenville ; seven males and
nine females, Cape York. The young are much brighter in
colour than the adults. Yery common in the brushes about
Cape York.
57. — Sphecotheres flaviventris, Gould.
One female, Palm Island ; ten males, two young males, and
four females, Cape York.
58. — CORVUS AUSTRALIS, Gmelin.
One male, Percy Island, No. 2.
59. — Calornis metallica, Gould.
Five males and two females, Cape York.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 55
60. — Glyciphila SUBFASCIATA, Ramsay.
Five males and four females, Capft York.
61. — Stigmatops ocularis, Gould.
One male, Cape Grenville.
62.— Ptilotis versicolor, Gould.
Four males and four females, Cape Grenville ; one female,
Barrow Island ; one male and one female, Long Island ;
three males and one female, Dungeness Island.
63. — Ptilotis filigera, Gould.
Six males and six females, Cape York.
64. — Ptilotis notata, Gould.
Three males and five females, Cape York ; two males and one
female, Cape Grenville ; one male and two females,
Darnley Island.
Common at Cape York, all the wooded island in Torres Straits,
and New Guinea.
65. — CONOPHILA RUFIGULARIS, Gould.
One female, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from Mr. Broad-
bent.
66. — Tropidorhynchus BUCEROIDES, Swainson.
One male and one female, Palm Islands ; one female, Cape
Grenville ; four males, and one female, Cape York.
67. — Myzomela erythrocephala, Gould.
Six males and two females, Cape York ; six males and one
female, Long Island ; one young male, Warrior Island.
During the month of June this pretty species was very numerous
about Cape York, where it frequented the high mangroves ; it
also appeared to be very common throughout the islands in Torres
Straits.
68. — -Myzomela pectoralis, Gould.
One male, Cape York.
56 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
69. — Myzomela. obscura, Gould.
Three males and two females, Cape York.
70. — Melithreptus albogularis, Gould.
Two males and one female, Cape York.
71. — Dicteum hirundinaceum, Latham.
Three males, Cape York.
72. — Nectarinia australis, Gould.
One male, Palm Island ; four males and one female, Cape
Grenville ; one female, Albany Island ; one male and one
female, Cape York ; three males and one female, Sue
Island ; one male, Warrior Island.
73. — Zosterops ramsayi, (male) iV. Sp.
Crown of the head, neck, throat, wings, rump, and under tail
coverts, greenish yellow ; lores, and a line beneath the eye black ;
back and chest, bluish grey ; abdomen light grey, passing into very
light butt' on the flanks ; eyes surrounded by a very large zone of
white feathers ; primaries and secondaries, browuish black, mar-
gined on their outer webs with yellow ; beneath, on their inner
webs, with white ; tail, brown, margined with yellow ; legs and
feet, bluish grey ; upper mandible, brownish black ; under mandible,
horn colour ; irides, brown. Total length, 4-4; wing, 2-4; tail,
1*75 ; tarsi, 0*65 ; bill from forehead, 0*5 ; from gape, 0-6.
Two specimens of this very tine and distinct species were shot
by Spalding and myself, on Palm Island ; although they appeared
to be tolerably numerous, we found it very difficult to obtain
specimens, as they frequented the highest trees in the dense
scrubs. The very large zone of white feathers surrounding the
eye, will always serve to distinguish this from all other Australian
species.
I name this species after Edward P. Ramsay, Esq., F.L.S.,
Curator of the Sydney Museum.
74. — Zosterops flavogularis (male), iV*; Sp.
All the upper surface dull greenish yellow ; lores, and a line
beneath the eye black ; eyes surrounded by a narrow zone of
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 57
white feathers ; forehead, throat, and under tail coverts, bright
yellow ; chest, very light grey ; abdomen of a lighter colour, and
with a streak of pale yellow down the centre ; flanks, light buff,
darker in the male ; primaries brown, margined for two thirds of
their length with yellow, and becoming whitish towards the tips ;
legs and feet, bluish e;rey ; upper mandible, black ; lower black at
the tip ; lighter at the base ; irides, dark brown. Total length,
4 "65 ; wing, 2-3 ; tail, 1*9 ; tarsi, 0-7 ; bid from forehead, 0.5 ;
from gape, 0-57
One male and one female, Cape Grenville ; five males and three
females, Sue Island ; one female, Bet Island ; one female,
Warrior Island ; one male, Darnley Island ; common at
Cape Grenville, and throughout all the wooded islands in
Torres Straits.
This species can be readily distinguished from Z. luieus, by its
pale under surface.
75. — Ptilorhis Victorle, Gould.
One adult male, one young male, and one female, Barnard
Isles.
76. — Craspedophora MAGNIFTCA, Vigors.
One adult male, one young male, and three females, not fully
adult, Cape York.
77. — Mesocalius osculans, Gould.
One female, Gulf of Carpentaria. From Mr. Broadbent.
78. — Lamprococcyx minutillus, Gould.
One female, Cocoanut Island.
79. — Centropus macrourus, Gould.
One male and one female, Palm Island ; one male, Albany
Island ; two females, Gulf of Oarpentai'ia. Obtained from
Mr. Broadbent.
80. — Cacatua galerita, Latham.
One male, Fitzroy Island.
58 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
81. — Cacatua sanguinea, Gould.
Two males, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from Mr. Broadbent.
82. — Calyptorhynciius macrorhynchus, Gould.
One male and one female, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from
Mr. Broadbent.
83. — MlCROGLOSSUM ATERR1MUM, Gmelin.
One male, Cape York.
84. — Trichoglossus multicolor, Gmelin.
One female, Balm Island ; four males and four females, Cape
York.
85. — Btilinopus Swainsonii, Gould.
One male, Cape Grenville ; three males and three females, Cape
York ; one female, and one young, Sue Island ; one male,
Darnley Island.
Common throughout all the wooded Islands in Torres Straits.
86. — Megaloprepia assimilis, Gould.
One male and two females, Cape York.
87. — Leucomel^ena norfolciensis, Latham.
One female, Balm Island.
88. — Myristicivora spillorrhoa, G. R. Gray.
Two males and two females, Bet Island.
89. — Lopholaimus antarcticus, Shaw.
One male and one female, Cape York.
Scores of this Bigeon were shot at Cape York. They are less
in size and weight than those obtained in N". S. Wales, and the
plumage is not nearly so bright. I consider them as a very
distinct local variety.
90. — Chalcophaps longirostris, Gould.
One male, Cape York.
This I look upon as a very doubtful species.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 59
91. — Erythrauchana humeualis, Temminck.
Two females, Palm Island ; one young, Cape Grenville ; two
females, Sue Island.
Very widely distributed, and seen at nearly every place visited,
New Guinea included.
92. — Stictopelia cuneata, Latham.
One young, Gulf of Carpentaria.
Obtained from Mr. Broadbent.
93.— Megapodius tumulus, Gould.
One male and one female, Brook Island.
94. — Megapodius assimilis, (female) JS/. Sp.
Head and crest very dark brown ; the latter tipped with grey ;
neck and all the under surface slaty grey ; back, wings, tail, flanks,
and under tail coverts, dark chocolate brown ; bill reddish brown,
becoming lighter on the sides and tip ; legs, dull red ; feet of the
same colour, gradually becoming black towards the claw; claw very
long and slender. Total length, 13-5 ; wing, 9-2 ; tail, 3-8 ; tarsi,
2-1 ; middle toe without the claw, T6 ; bill from forehead, 1-0 ;
from gape, 1-15.
One adult and one young female, Dungeness Island ; one female,
Bet Island.
This bird is very nearly allied to M tumulus, but is altogether
of a very much smaller size, the legs and feet are also very weak
in comparison to that species.
It is found on many of the low lying islands in Torres Straits,
and is not uncommon.
95. — TURNIX PYRRHOTHORAX, Gould
One female, Cape York ; one male, Sue Island ; one male and
one female, Darnley Island.
96. — Q^DICNEMUS GRALLARIUS, Latham.
One female, Percy Island, No. 2.
97. — ESACUS MAGNTROSTRIS, Gioffroy .
One female, Cape Grenville ; one male, Long Island.
60 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
98. — HjEmatopus longirostris, Vieillot
Two females, Cape Grenville ; two males and two females,
Cocoanut Island.
Common everywhere. On Cocoanut Island out of a flock of
twenty I succeeded in killing four at one sliot.
99 — HiEMATOPUS FULIGINOSUS, Gould.
One male, Palm Island.
100. — Charadrius orientalis, Schlegel.
One male, Cocoanut Island ; one female, Cape Grenville ; two
females, Bet Island.
On Cocoanut Island this species was very numerous, tlie one
obtained from there being a very fine old male, in full summer
plumage.
101. — Ochthodromus inornatus, Gould.
One male, Cape York ; two females, Sue Island.
102. — OCHTHODROMUS BICINCTUS, Jardine and Selby.
One female, Cape Grenville ; three females, Cape York ; one
male and five females, Sue Island.
All of the above in winter plumage.
103. — LlMOSA UROPYGIALIS, Oould.
One male and one female, Cape York ; one male, Bet Island.
104. — ACTODROMAS AUSTRALIS, Cuvier.
One male and four females, Cape York ; two females, Sue Island ;
one male and one female, Darnley Island.
The male from Darnley Island is in fidl summer plumage, all
the others are without the slightest trace of the rufous markings.
105. — Trixga tenuirostris, Hovsjield.
Seven females, Sue Island ; one female, Cocoanut Island.
The specimens obtained vary considerably in their markings,
some being much darker and more spotted than others. Very
common on all the low lying islands in Torres Straits.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. Gl
106. — Actitis HYPOLEUCOS, Linneus.
One male and one female, Cape York.
Frequents the salt-water creeks, and far from common.
107. — Glottis glottoides, Vigors,
One female, Cape Grenville.
108. — Gambetta pulverulentus, Midler.
One female, Cape Grenville ; one female, Bet Island ; four
males and two females, Sue Island ; four females, Cocoanut
Island.
Seen in large flocks on all the reefs and islands, from Cape
York to New Guinea.
109. — NUMENIUS UROPYGIALTS, Gould.
One female, Cape Grenville ; one male, Cape York ; one female
Sue Island ; three females, Bet Island ; one male, Long
Island ; one female, Darnlev Island.
110. — ISTumenius minor; Mutter.
One male, Cape York.
111. — -Ardea NOV^E HOLLANDS, Latham.
One female, Evan's Bay, Cape York.
112. — Demiegretta jugularis, Forster.
One female, Fitzroy Island.
113. — Demiegretta greyi, Gould,
Two males and one female, Low Island, Trinity Bay.
This and the preceding, are undoubtedly the same species, and
always associate together. Sometimes two of the white may be
seen together ; at other times two of the blue ; but, as a rule, it is
one of each colour. One specimen obtained (a fine old male) of
the white variety, is blotched all over with blue. I also saw one
half blue and white. The colour is not a sexual difference, as
adults of both sexes and colours are easily obtained.
114. — Nycticorax caledonicus, Latham.
Young male, Darnley Island.
62 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAV SOCIETY
115. — BuTOROIDES JAVANICA, Horsfield.
Two females, Cape York ; one male and one female, Cape Gren-
ville ; one male and one female, Dungeness Island.
116. — Bruchigavia GOULDI, Bonaparte.
One female, Palm Island ; two males, Cape Grenville ; one
male and two females, Sue Island ; one young, Torres
Straits.
First seen at Palm Island ; common about Cape York, and all
through Torres Straits, to Darnley Island.
117. — Sylochelidon caspia, Pallas.
One male and one female, Barrow Island.
1 1 8. — Thalasseus cristatus, Stephens.
Two males, Palm Island ; one male, Barrow Island ; one young
male, Fitzroy Island ; one young, Cape Grenville ; one
young and one female. Turtle Reef.
1 1 9. — Thalasseus bengalensis, Lesson.
One male and three females, Sue Island ; two young males.
Dungeness Island ; one female, Bramble Cay.
Common upon every reef and island throughout Torres Straits.
120 — Sterna melanauchen, Temminck,
Six males and one female, Mud Bay, Cape York.
121. — Sterna melanorhyncha, Gould.
One female, Warrior Reef.
122. — Sterna nigrifons (female). N. Sp.
Head and neck above, and the outer web of the external primary,
jet black ; remainder of the upper surface, wings, and tail, light
silvery grey ; throat and all the under surface white, with a
beautiful roseate tint ; three first primaries with a line of dull
black on their inner webs next the shaft ; bill, black ; legs and
fest, red ; nails, black. Total length, without bill, to central tail
feathers, 9 inches ; to outer tail feathers, 12-2 ; wing, 8*7 ; tail to
OF NEW SOUTH WALES 63
centre feathers, 2-6 ; to outer, 6*1 ; tarsi,. 0"8 ; bill, from forehead
1*6 ; from anterior margin of nostril, 1*2 \ from gape 2.
This beautiful tern is very nearly allied to Sterna paradisea, but
differs in having the bill entirely black, instead of yellow at the
base and gape, and in having the external web of the first
primary black.
Seen in great numbers about "Warrior Reef, in company with
larger terns and noddies.*
123. — Sternula placens, Gould.
One male, Sue Island.
124. — Sternula inoonspicua, N. Sp.
Forehead and line over the eye white ; a narrow line of black
extends from lores over the eyelids ; central portion of the crown
white, mottled with black, becoming black on the nape and hind
neck ; all the upper surface light grey, with a darker patch running
back from the shoulders ; primaries blackish brown on the outer
and inner webs next the shaft ; secondaries grey margined with
white ; tail white, slightly washed with grey ; bill of a brownish
black, lighter at the sides and gape ; legs and feet dark brown ;
iricles black. Total length (without bill) to central tail feathers,
6-o ; to outer tail feathers, 7*7 ; wing, 7' ; tail to centre feathers,
1-9 ; to outer, 3*15 ; tarsi, 0-6 ; bill from forehead, 1*25 ; from
anterior margin of nostril 09 ; from gape, 1/6.
One male and four females, Mud Bay, Cape York. In company
with Sterna melanauchen and I'halasseus cristatus.
125. — Onychoprion FULIGINOSA, Oinelin.
Six males and four females, Bramble Cay.
126. — Anous stolidus, Latham.
One male and one female, Cape Grenville ; one male and two
females, Bramble Cay ; three males and four females.
Caught on board off Bramble Cay.
* A specimen of this species is in the possession of Mr. Waller, and was shot by him in
More ton Bay.
64 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
127. — ANGUS MELANOPS, Gould.
Three males, and three young, Bramble Cay.
On Bramble Cay this species was in countless thousands. To
give some idea of their numbers, I may state, that from one
discharge of the gun I killed forty-six, and' there appeared to be
quite as many wounded.
128. — Anous leucocapillus, Gould.
One male and one female, Nepean Island.
129. — Diomedea melanophrys, Temminck.
One male and one female, East Coast.
130. — Pterodroma macroptera, Smith.
One young male, East Coast.
131. — Fregetta melanogaster, Gould.
One male and three females, East Coast.
132. — OCEANITES OCEAN1CA, Kuhl.
Seven males and three females. Shot at sea, in the latitude of
Port Bowen.
133. — Tachypetes aquiea, Linneus.
Four males and three females, Torres Straits.
134. — Tachypetes minor, Gmelin.
One male, Torres Straits.
135. — SULA CYANOPS, Sundevall.
One male, Bramble Cay.
136 — SULA TIBER, Linneus.
One male, thi-ee females, and two young, Bramble Cay.
Seen from the latitude of Moreton Bay to New Guinea.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 65
Mr. E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S., &c, read the following papers : —
Description of a new species of Pachycephala from Fiji, in the
collection of Wm. Macleay, Esq., F.L.S.
Pachycephala kandavensis. — Sp. Nov.
Adult, male — The whole of the head, earcoverts, and a narrow
cresentic band, widest on the sides, and extending across the chest
from the lower earcoverts, jet black ; a narrow collar round the back,
widest on the sides of the neck, and a patch joining it to the chest,
bright yellow ; the throat, inside the black pectoral band, pure white ;
the breast and remainder of the under surface, bright gamboge
yellow, of a slightly deeper and duller tint on the abdomen and
under tail-coverts ; under surface of the wings dark brown, the
margins of the inner webs of the quills towards the base, buffy-
white ; the under wing-coverts white tinged with-yellow ; inter-
scapular region, back, and remainder of the upper surface yel-
lowish olive ; wings blackish-brown, the coverts and scapulars
broadly, and the quills narrowly margined with yellowish olive ;
tail dark brown above, paler below, the centre two feathers and
outer webs of the remainder tinged with olive yellow ; bill black ;
legs greyish brown ; iris reddish brown. Total length (exclusive
of bill), 5 '5 inches ; wing, 3-5 ; tarsus, 1 inch ; tail, 2-6 ; bill from
forehead, 0*7 ; from nostril, 0*4 ; from gape, 0-8.
The male of this species may be recognised by the narrow line of
black across the lower part of the chest, and by its being of a
nearly even width throughout ; or, if anything, wider on the sides
than in the centre of the chest, and by the large extent of white
on the throat.
Female (Not quite adult*) — Above, olive brown, slightly tinged
with olive yellow ; wings and tail blackish brown ; the upper wing-
coverts and inner second-aries broadly margined and tipped with
rich cinnamon or rufous-brown, the remainder of the quills
narrowly margined on the outer webs with the same colour ; a
few feathers of the upper tail-coverts, cinnamon brown ; the head,
dark brown, washed with cinnamon ; sides of the head, an
* Shot from the nest, which contained one egg.
66 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
ill-defined line over the eye ; the ear-coverts and sides of the neck,
the throat, and all the under-surface, cinnamon brown, a little
paler on the throat ; under-surface of the wings, brown, the
inner webs of the feathers towards the base, whitish ; under
wing-coverts whitish ; margins of the wings below, tinged with
cinnamon ; tail below dark brown, ; the tips of the feathers
tinged with cinnamon ; bill dark brown paler at the base of
the lower mandible ; legs and feet, light brown ; iris, reddish
brown. Total length, 5 -5 inches; wing, 3*2; tail, 2*6; tarsus,
1 inch ; bill, from forehead, 0-65 ; from nostril, 04 ; from gape, 0-8.
This species was found at " Kandavu," frequenting the thickets
on the sides of the ranges ; it was observed breeding during the
months of September and October, making a small round open
nest of grasses and rootlets, lined with finer material of the same
nature.
The only egg procured was taken from a nest, which contained
but one, and placed within four feet of the ground in a low
bough. The egg is white, blotched largely at the thicker end with
jet black, and large irregular shaped blotches of slate colour, which
appear beneath the shell ; a few dots of black are scattered over
the thin end ; length, 1 inch ; in breadth, 0-73.
Description of a supposed new species of Pachy cephala , from New
Britain, proposed to be called—
Pachycephala oitreogaster.- — Sp. Nov.
Adult female. — All the upper parts of the head, wings, and tail,
rich brown — inclining to rufous brown on the ear-coverts, sides of
the face and neck ; and on the shafts and outer webs of the quills*
tips of the upper wing coverts, and scapulars ; inner webs of the
quills blackish-brown ; all the under-surface whitish ; the feathers
on the throat and upper part of the chest margined with bro wn
giving to these parts a burred appearance ; sides of the breast and
the flanks tinged with brown, the abdomen inclining to citron-
colour, and deepening into citron-yellow about the vent and under
under-tail coverts ; under surface of the wings and tail light
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 67
brown ; under wing coverts whitish, outer series tinged with brown ;
bill, black ; legs and feet, brown. Total length, 6 inches ; wing,
3-35 ; tail, 2-8 ; tarsus bill from forehead, 0-7 ; from the gape, 0-9 ;
from nostril, 0-4 ; width and height at nostril, 0-2.
Hab. — New Britain and adjacent islands.
This description has been taken from a spirit specimen, one of
a collection of birds, obtained by Captain Ferguson in 1870, at
New Britain and the adjacent Islands.
I exhibit also from the same collection of birds above mentioned,
which has now been in spirits over five years, two or three very
interesting specimens of parrots, including the beautiful Lorius
chlorocercvs, Domicella cardinalis and the miniature Nasitema
pusio, the smallest species of parrot known, its total length being
about 3 1 inches.
This curious little bird has character which appear to link it,
from the form of its feet and bill, with some of the largest of the
group of parrots — the Cockatoos (Cacaluittce) ; on examination, its
sternum however does not show any affinity to that group, but
rather places it, from the absence of the furcula, among the Pezo-
poj-ince. On the whole, its characters are so anomalous that it is
difficult to decide what family, among the Psittacidre, it should be
most properly placed ; and only by a close comparison and exami-
nation of its entire skeleton, can this be decided. I am inclined
to think it will eventually be placed in a separate family. The
peculiar formation of the tail feathers, the bare shafts of which
being produced into spines at the tips, I believe, is not found
in any other known genus of parrots. When we know some-
thing of the habits of this species it will probably be fouud to be
strictly arboreal, and confined to the dense scrubs, where it could
find abundance of food without extensive flight, for which its
wings are not adapted ; the contents of the crop appeared to be
portions of fruit ; the gizzard contained minute grains of sand and
a few seeds, from which one might suppose it to be of terrestrial
habits ; the absence of the os furculum would also warrant this
opinion. S0CA, ,
' N OOS A/- (
|ui LI3RARY '
.j
^P^kS
68 TTIB PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Description of a new species of the genus Lamprolia, Finnch ;
from Fiji.
Lamprolia klinesmithi, Sp. Nov.
Adult Male — The whole of the upper and under surface of the
body and of the wings, and the under tail-coverts, velvety shining-
black, glossed with a rich metallic steel-blue lustre, except on the
lower part of the abdomen, and under surface of the tail and
wings, and on the upper surface of the primaries and inner portion
of the secondaries. The marginal half of the outer webs of the
secondaries, fringe-like and open, and glossed with steel blue ; the
two centre tail feathers and the outer webs of the remainder,
except the outermost on either side, similarly fringed ; the tip of
the feathers on the lower part of the rump, and the whole of the
upper tail-coverts glistening silky-white, the centre two tail
feathers slightly shorter than the next on either side, silky-white,
with a small bracket-shaped mark of glossy-black margining the tip,
the next on either side more largely tipped with black, which extends
above half-way down the margin only of the inner web, the remainder
of the feathers similarly marked, the black increasing and
extending along the outer margins of both webs, the white
decreasing, until on the outermost feather on either side it is
reduced to a small triangular white spot near the base, the
remaining portion of the feather being black, with a purple gloss
on the outer web ; bill, legs and feet black ; iris, dark brown.
Total length, 3-75 inches ; wing, 2*7 ; tail, 1*8 ; tarsus, 0.73 ; bill
from the forehead, 0*5 ; from gape, 065 ; from nostril, 0-4.
Habitat., Vanua Levu, Fiji. — Confined to the mountains, in
scrubs.
Ornithologists will, I am sure, congratulate Mr. Klinesmith, of
Levuka, on the discovery of this very beautiful and interesting
bird ; the second of this remarkable genus which his exertions
have made known to science — the first, and type of the genus,
which was described by Dr. O. Finsch, from specimens forwarded
by Mr. Klinesmith, in 1873, was named L. Victoria?,* and is, on
* P. Z. Soc, Lon., 1873, Pt. in, p. 735.
> OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 69
the whole, a larger bird than the species at present under considera-
tion ; both species are remarkable for the richness and the peculiar
Paradiseine form of their plumage ; they resemble each other closely,
but may at once be distinguished by the greater size of L. Victoria',
and the greater extent of white on the rectrices of L. Klinesmithi,
in which latter species the white extends over the whole of the
centre two tail-feathers, except a narrow margin at the extreme
tip. Lamprolia Victoria (Finsch) is found on Taviuni, the present
species on Vanua Levu, an adjacent and one of the largest islands
of the Fiji group. Respecting its habitat, Mr. Klinesmith
remarks : " They live in the interior part of the country, and only
in certain spots in the high but damp ranges ; in dry and rocky
parts they are not seen at all." " They are very scarce, and
extremely hard to find" ; their " stomachs contained insects."
I have named this new bird after its discoverer, to whom we
are indebted for the knowledge of at least two of the most
beautiful and remarkable birds yet discovered in Fiji, and I doubt
not that his researches will bring to light many more new and
beautiful acquisitions.
Mr. Ramsay exhibited specimens of most of the birds described
in these papers ; also some beautifully prepared skins of birds
from the collection obtained in New Britain, before mentioned.
Mr. E. Pierson Ramsay on the avifanna of Fiji —
Remarks on a Collection of Birds lately received from Fiji, and
now forming part of the Macleayan Collection, at Elizabeth
Bay ; with a list of all the Species at present known to inhabit
the Fiji Islands — by E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S., Sec., &c.
1. — Astur rufitorques, Peale, U.S. Expl. Expd. pi. 2/ 2.
This appears to be the commonest species, and is found through-
out the group.
70 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
2. — Colocalia spodiopygia, Peale, U.S. Expl. Expd. pi. 49 fig . 5.
Cypselus terrse-reginpe, Ramsay, P Z. S , 1874 pt. IV.
This species has a very extended range, being found dispersed
over the whole of the South Sea Islands, and as far north as the
north-east coast of Queensland where I obtained specimens in 1874.
The Queensland birds have the bill a little larger and stronger, but
do not appear to differ much in any other respects. The eggs are
three or four in number snow white, in length 0*7 inch by 0-5 in
width. The birds breed during October and November.
3. — Todiramphus vittensis, Peale.
One of the most common species in Fiji, probably only a variety
of T. (Halcyon) sacra.
4. — Myzomela jugularis, Peale.
The specimens from Kandavu, of this pretty species, I find to
be more highly coloured than those from other localities, the
crimson on the head moreover, is of a greater extent.
5. — Ptilotis provocator, E. L. Layard, P Z.S , 1875,_prf. I. p. 28.
Common at Kandavu.
6. — Ptilotis caruncutata, Forst ; Finsch and Hard. Cent.
Polynes. t. 5 fig. 28.
This specimen is a young bird obtained at the Island of Fortuua.
7. — ZOSTEROPS CiERULESCENS, Lath.
Goidd Birds of Austr. IV. pi. 31.
I have examined the Fiji specimens carefully, and compared it
with a large series from various parts of Australia, it differs only in
having a slightly larger and stronger bill, with the culmen a little
more arched and in the tail being longer. In plumage the
specimen from Kandavu and the N. S. "Wales birds are nearly exactly
alike, but the yellow on the throat extends a little further down
than in the generality of the IS. S. Wales' specimens, and the
olive yellow on the back of the neck is of greater extent and ends
further down than opposite the yellow of the throat. I do not
consider these differences sufficient for the foundation of a separate
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 71
species, but this variety, if not identical with Z. flaviceps, may be
distinguished under the name of kandavensis.
Var. kandavensis. — Adult : Plumage same as in Z. ccerulescens,
but the yellow from throat extending slightly on to the chest, the
tail is much longer, bill horn-brown ; legs light brown. Total
length, 4-2 inches; tail, 2; wing 2-35; tarsus 0-7; bill, from
forehead 0-5 ; from gape 0*55 ; from nostril 0-3.
Mr. E. L. Layard, F.Z.S., H. B. M. Consul at Levuka, mentions
in the Proceedings of the Zooloogical Society (P. Z. S., 1875, pt.
I p. 29), another species of Zoslerops found at Kandavu, but
which he had not had an opportunity of describing ; he proposed
for it the name of Z. explorator, and states it may be distinguished
from Z. flaviceps of Peale, " by being yellow from the chin to the
abdomen, and without the ash colour collar." I regret to say I
have not seen a specimen of Z. flaviceps nor can I find any
description of it in any of the Works at my disposal.
8. — Yitia RUFICAPILLA, Ramsay, P. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., 1875,
For description and remarks. See ante page 42,
9. — Petroica pusilla, Peale.
The Kandavu variety of this species has the white cap on the
head of a greater extent, and the crimson of a brighter tint. The
features are on the whole more distinct than in the usual forms of P.
pusilla.
10. — Artamits MENTALIS, Jard.
Artamus vitiensis is merely a variety of this species. The birds
are not rare, and are usually found in the more open parts of the
forest.
11. — Myiagra rufiventris, Elliott
Two specimens of this well mai-ked species are all that were
obtained, it does not appear to be a common bird.
72 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
12. Muscylva lessoni, G. R. Gray.
This is a very common species throughout the Fiji group. Its
habits and actions resemble those of our brown flycatcher, Micrceca
fascinans.
(13. — Ehipidtjra personata, Ramsay, P. Linn. Soc. N.S. W.)
For description and remarks. See ante page 43.
14. — Campephaga maculosa, Peak.
Two specimens only obtained, one stated to be a male but
probably a female, it is not quite adult, the locality marked on the
label attached, is " Batiki", Fiji. The second specimen is evidently
an adult male, Las the throat, chest, and breast pure white, with
only slight remains of cross-bars on the feathers on sides of the
chest and neck ; in size it is slightly smaller. This species is pro-
bably identical with Lalage terat (Cass) and L. orientalis (Hartlb).
15. — Myiolesles vttiensis, Hartl. Ibis, 1866, p. 173.
This species ajipears to be common everywhere in the dense
serubs.
1 6. — Pachycephala vitiensis, G. R. Gray.
I can find no description of Pachycephala vitiensis at present,
and am not quite sure that I have assigned the correct name to
these specimens.
17. — Pachycephala kandavensis, Ramsay, P. Linn. Soc of
N.S W., 1875. See ante page 65.
I believe this to be quite distinct from any hitherto described
species, although closely allied to P. gutturalis and P. vitiensis.
18. — Pachycephala gr^effet.
There are two females in the collection which agree very well
with P. optata of Hartlaub, a synomyn of this species.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 73
19. — Merula ruficeps, Ramsay, P. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. See ante
page 43.
This fine species was obtained at Kandavu to which district I
believe it is confined — its habits and actions and nidification are
similar to other species of Merula.
20. — Aplonis cassinii, Peak, U.S. Expl. Pxjid. pi. 7. 1.
This is very common in Fiji and seems dispersed all over the
group.
21. — Amblynura pealei, Eartlaub.
Probably a local variety of A. CYANOVTRENS, Peak, of which
Lobiospiza notabilis of Hartlaub and Finsch, is the young.
There are three specimens in the collection, including a young
bird which has the blue and yellow carunculje at the base of the
lower mandible and round the gape well developed.
22.- — Platycercus splendens, Parti, and Finsch.
Only one specimen of this fine species appears to have been
obtained, although the birds are by no means rare, and found
. throughout the group.
This species may be easily distinguished from P. hysginus by
having a bright blue collar round the back of the neck, in some very
old specimens this collar becomes at least two inches in width. I
have lately examined a bird of this species, in which a streak of white
was conspicuous along, and on either side of the shaft of the quills
of the wings and tail feathers ; the crimson of the head and under
surface is much brighter in tint than in either P. hysginus or P.
tabuensis.
23. — Platycercus personatus, O. R. Gray.
This, one of the most common species in Fiji, appears to be
somewhat nocturnal in its habits. I have noticed specimens in
confinement particularly drowsy during the day time, but when
liberated at night, wander about the house, talking and chattering
incessantly. In Fiji, they prove very destructive to the crops.
74 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
24. — DOMICELLA SOLITARIUS, Latham.
This is perhaps one of the most beautiful birds of the South Sea
Islands, and appears to be very plentiful in the Fiji group, several
specimens of both sexes in the collection.
25. — Triciioglossus amabilis, Ramsay, P. Linn. Soc, JS/.S. W.
See ante page 36.
A beautiful little species obtained for the first time I believe,
at Fiji, by Charles Pearce, 17th June last, 1875, and described at
one ofour previous meetings (July 26th), after which, the descrip-
tion was published in the Herald's report of the meeting on the
2Sth of the month ; having lately heard that the same species has
been since described, I take the present opportunity of giving the
exact date of my description of it.
26. — Cuculus (Cacomantis) SIMUS, Peale.
C. infuscatus (Juv.), Hartl, Ibis. 1866, p. 172.
The collection contains both the young and adult of this species,
from which it appears to me that G infuscatus of Hartl. is merely
the young ; after loosing the fuscous hue of the under surface, the
young birds become barred with bracket-shape and broad wavy
lines of dull white, which are tinged with rufous on the throat, •
chest, and sides of the neck ; there are also remains of pale rufous
margins to the feathers on the interscapular region ; on the rum})
and upper tail-coverts faint margins of dull white are visible. In
the adult the tail becomes strongly barred, and the under surface
of the body of a rufous tint. G. simus (Peale), is represented in
Australia by G. castaneiventris of Gould, which is about the same
in size.
27. — Ptilinopus marine, Homb. and Jacq. Voy. Pole, Sud. t. 29, 2.
P. perousei ; of Hartlaub.
This species does not appear to be rare and is known as the
nutmeg dove by the letters in Fiji, the native name is Saukula.
28. — Chrys^ena luteovirens, Homb. and Jacq. Voy. Pole, Sud. t.
12-1, 2.
Gouldii, Birch ; flava, G. R. Gray.
Felicias, Homb. and Jacq. (female).
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 75
29.— CHRT&ffiNA VICTOR, Gould, P.Z.S., 1871, p. G42.
There seems to be considerable confusion in the minds of some,
respecting the females of this and the foregoing species, and indeed
also with respect to the males.
Mr. E. L. Layard, H.B.M. Consul at Fiji remarks in the P. Z.
Soc, 1875, pt. I. p. 30, as follows :— " Professor Von Suhm, of the
Challenger and I, after going carefully into the subject, have come
to the conclusion that the ' Orange Dove' of Savinni (Taviuni), and
Lanthala ( Ghryscena victor, Gould), is a phase of plumage of the
' Green Dove' (<?. luteovirens) ." ! ! All I can say is, that there is
not the slightest probability of such being the case, as anyone
looking a little deeper " into the subject" than the colouration of
the plumage, would at once perceive ; the peculiar form and texture
of the feathers of G luteovirens, and the long plume like upper tail-
coverts and extensive tail of G. Victor, could hardly be produced
by the same species at the same period of the year, the only way
I can account for Mr. Layard's strange remark is by presuming
that he mistook the male of G. viridis for G. luteovirens, both of
these birds having plumage of a similar texture.
30.— CHRYSiENA viridis, E. L. Layard, P Z S., pt. II., 1875,
p. 151.
This fine and very distict specimen was discovered during the
cruise of the " Challenger" among the Fiji group, and subsequently
obtained by Mr. E. L. Layard, at Kaudavn, who describes the
male in the proceedings of the Zoological above quoted (1875, II.
p. 151). The female is not unlike the same sex of G. victor and
of G luteovirens, but is at once distinguished by its short tail,
and may thus be described.
Adult female. — The whole of the upper and under surface deep
dark green, paler on the sides of the face and throat, with a
yellowish tinge on the latter ; the abdomen and flanks dull pale
green with greyish margins to the feathers ; central portion of the
abdomen and region round the vent, dull whitish grey ; legs brown
tinged with green ; under tail-coverts and a narrow line round the
inner rectrices, pale yellow ; under surface of the tail, dark brown ;
upper surface, deep bright green on the outer margins and tips,
76 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
dull blackish towards the base of the inner webs, two centre
feathers green, becoming blackish brown at the base ; upper tail
coverts, bright green ; quills above, blackish brown, primaries
margined narrowly with golden yellow, secondaries broadly with
green on the outer webs ; wing coverts above, green ; the basal
portion, blackish brown ; under surface of the quills, blackish
brown ; the outer webs narrowly, the inner rather broadly mai'gined
with yellow ; under wing coverts, brown washed with at tips and
margined, with yellow ; the margins of the shoulders tinged with
green ; bill olive green ; legs and feet bluish, tinged with red.
Total length, 6| inches ; wing, 4-4 ; tail, 2-2 ; tarsus, 0*85 ; bare
portion, 0-3 ; bill from forehead, 065 ; from the anterior margin of
nostril to tip, 03 ; from gape, 0*8.
The collection contains. a fine series of the young and adults of
both sexes, all obtained at Kandavu, to which place this species
seems confined.
31. — Carpophaga latrans, Peale, U.S. Expl. Expd.pl. 26.
32. — Carpophaga (Janthcenas) vitiensis, Quoy and Qaim, Voy.
Astrol. t. 28.
The young of this species resembles the adult generally, but is
not so brightly coloured or so distinctly marked. Adult, cere and
base of the bill, crimson ; tip, horn colour ; legs, crimson — iris
brown.
33. — Charadrius longipes, Temn.
C. fulvus, p. ; Hartl. and Finsch.
34. — Limosa uROPYGiALis, Oould, B. Aust. YI., pt. 29.
This species appears to be plentiful.
35. — Totanus incanus, Gmel.
A very common species.
36. — Ortygometra tabuensis, Gmel.
Porzana vitiensis, Hartl.
Only one specimen obtained ; this species seems to have an
immense range of habitat being found all over Australia, Tasmania,
New Zealand, and the Tropical Islands of the South Seas. Bill,
black ; legs and feet, yellow — iris red.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 77
37. — Anous lencocephalus, Gould, B. Aust. VII. pt. 33.
One specimen only obtained.
The remaining species catalogued from Fiji recorded in Grey's
Hand-book of Birds, Arc, &c, are —
1. Circus govddii, Bp.
2. Strix lulu, Peale.
3. Hirnndo tahitica, Gml.
4. Myzomela nigriventris, Peale.
5. Ptilotis procerior, Hartl. and Finscli.
6. Zosterops flaviceps, Peale.
7. Zosterops explorator, E. L. Layard, P.Z.S , 1875, pt. I. p. 29.
8. Lamprolia victoria?, Hartl. and Finsch, P.Z.S. , 1873, p. 733.
9. Lamprolia klinesmitliii, Ramsay, P. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.
1875, page 68.
10. Tatare 1 viridis, ELL., P.Z.S., 1875, II. p. 150.
11. Myiagra azureocapilla E.L.L , Ms.s.
12. Rhipidura albogularis, ELL., P.Z.S, 1875, pt. I. p. 29.
13. Lalage nigrogularis, E.LL., P.Z.S., 1875, pt. II. p. 149.
14. Myiolestes lienlei, Hartl. and Finsch.
15. Myiolestes macrorliyncha, Hartl. <C- Finsch., P.Z.S., 1859,^?.
157.
16. Pachycephala graffei, Hartl. Lbis., 1866, p. 172.
17. Pachycephala torqnata, E.L L., P.Z.S., 1875, pt. II. p. 150.
18. Pachycephala macrorliyncha, EL.L., P.Z.S., 1875, pt.
II. p. 150.
19. Aplonis cenerascens, //. and F, PZ.S., 1871, p. 29.
20. Platycercns hisginus, Forst.
21. Platycercus tabnensis, Gml.
22. Platycercus tavinniensis, E.L.L. , M.S.S.
23. Ptilinopus porhyraceous, Forst.
24. Phlegamas starrii, G. R. Gray, P.Z.S , 1856, pi 115.
25. Hypotenedia philippensis, L.
26. Porphyrio vitiensis, Peale.
27. Dendrocygna vagans, Eyton.
28. Anas superciliosa, Gml.
78 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE L1NNEAN SOCIETY
29. Ardea (Butoroides) Javanica. ; E L.L., P.Z.8., 1865, p. 29.
30. Fulmarus cserulens, Omel., I.S.A.Z., pt. 44.
31. Fulmarus macgillivrayi, G. R. Gr.
32. Sterna melanauchen, Gould, B. Austr. VII. pt. 26.
33. Sterna novae-tollandiae, Cuv., Gould, B. Austr., Yll.pt. 2 4.
34. Sterna melanauchen, Tern. Gould, B. Austr. VII. pt. 28.
35. Gygis Candida, E. L. L., P.Z.S., 1875, pt. I. p. 29.
36. Anous stolidus, Linn.
37. Tachypetes aqnila. ; E.L.L., P.Z.S., 1875, pt. I. p. 29.
As far as we have records, then, the Avifauna of Fiji consist of
about 74 described species, of which, I have no doubt, several will
eventually prove to be mere local varieties of S. S. Island forms,
the great scarcity of the Accipitres or birds of prey is noticeable,
but this fact is not very remarkable when we remember the
paucity of bird-life in general, and the few mammals which inhabit
these islands; but it is somewhat surprising to find so few sea birds
recorded ; from the immense numbers of fish both specifically and
individually which frequent these islands, one would naturally
expect to find more than eight species frequenting the shores.
I cannot pass over this collection without drawing attention to
the beautiful and varied forms of fruit eating doves which inhabit
the islands, particularly the beautiful and remarkable plumaged
Chryssama?, a peculiar and well marked genus allied to (but very
distinct from) Ptilinopus ; Ch. luteovirens has been long
known to science, but only of late years has it been otherwise
than extremely rare in collections — Ch. victor first described by
Mr. Gould, is perhaps, one of the most beautiful birds of its tribe,
while lately, during the cruise of H.M.S. " Challenger", a third
species Ch. viridis has been discovered, and lately described by Mr.
E. L. Layard, M.B.M. Consul at Fiji; from information I have
lately received I feel convinced that a fourth species will yet be
found belonging to this remarkable genus.
The peculiar PllLEGiBNAs stairii, G. R. Gray ; seems to take the
place of our ground or scrub pigeon Clialcophaps chrysochlcra, but
appears to be very rare. Another feature in the Fiji Avifauna,
well worthy of notice, is the lately discovered Passerine form,
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 79
Lamprolia, which seems to vie with our Rifle-birds (Ptiloris) in
brilliancy of plumage. Of this Ave know two species, closely allied
but quite distinct ; both remarkable for the silky snow-white
plumage of the upper tail coverts and central portion of the tail
feathers, and the black, glossy, steel-blue-tinged plumage of the
remaining parts. The larger of these birds, Lamprolia victoria?,
I have not seen. The smaller, which I have named after its
discoverer Mr. Klinesmith — L. klinesmithii — -I have already
exhibited this evening.
Since the above was written Mr. E. L. Layard's list of Fiji
Island Birds has come to hand (P.Z.S., pt. III., 1875, p. 423),
which enables me to add the following species with some remarks
upon them : —
Astur cruentus ; Gould.
This will doubtless prove to be A. rifitorques of Peal, and not
the true A., cruentus of Gould.
Circus assimilis, Jard. and Selb.
Most probably C. gouldii, Bp.
Strix delicatula, Gould.
Evidently S. lulu, of Peale, a smaller allied species.
Endynamys tatiensis (JSparrm).
Highly doubtful, and not seen by Mr. E. S. Layard.
Chalcites, sp. inc.
Given on the authority of Mr. Thurston.
Caprimulgus, sp. inc.
Given on authority of natives only.
Collocalta VANICORENSIS, Q. and Gaim.
Given on authority of Hartlaub and Finsch.
Aplonis tabuensis, Gml.
Most likely A. cassinii, (Ptale.)
Carpophaga pacifica, Gml.
This is 0. microcera, (Bp.) Ic. P. t. 36 : or probably C. pacifica,
p. ; Hartlaub and Finsch ; Mr. E. L. Layard does not say whether
80 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
he has seen anything more of it than the eggs, which lie describes.
If it is the true C. pacifica. ( Gmel.) Fiji is certainly a new locality
for the species which is reported to be from Tonga.
Ortygometra quadristrigata, Ilorsf.
Not seen by Mr. Layard, but evidently given on the authority
of Haiti, and Finsch.
Strepsilas intrepres, Linn.
One obtained by Mr. Layard at " Navua " on Viti Levu.
Arder SACRA, Gml.
" Common all over th country among the mangroves." E. L. L.
Syn. Ardea (Demiegretta) gugularis (Forst), and A greyi Gould.
Sterna bergii, Licht.
Syn. S. cristata, (Stejjh.)
Sterna longipennis, Nordm.
Syn. S. frontalis (G. R. Gr.), probably S. melanorhyncha,
Gould.
Sterna panaya, Gmel
Syn. Hydrochelidon panayensis ; Anous leucocapillus, Goidd
PlJFFINUS NUGAX, Sol.
Mr. E. L. Layard does not say whether he saw this species or
not, or merely gave it on the authority of Haiti, and Finsch.
Phaeton ^thereus, Linn.
From the context it is evident Mr. E. L. Layard meant I*.
rubricauda, (Bodd.) of which P. aiihereus (Bl.) is a synonym ; Mr.
E. L. Layard does not appear to be quite sure about the identity
of this species.
Dysporus sula, Linn.
This is I presume Sula fiber of Linn ; but more probably Sula
serrator Bks., S. australis, Gould B. Austr. VII. pi. 76.
Notwsthstanding the slight differences in the nomenclature
which has evidently arisen from the want of books for reference,
Mr. E. L. Layard's paper contains much new matter, and some
valuable information on the habits of the avifauna of the group.
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 81
Description of a supposed new species of Bat, from Stairwell, near
Bulli, N.S.W., by E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., etc.
Tathozous Hargravei. sp. nov.
Incisors ... ... 1 — 1 Canines ... ... 1 — 1
2—2 1—1
Premolars ... 2—2 Molars 3—3
2—2 3—3
Total length 4#G inches ; head 2-3 x G-5 ; ears 0-8 x 0-5 ;
tail 0*9, free portion 0'15 ; arm 1*7 ', forearm 3 inches ;
thumb, 0-3.
First finger, 2-9.
Second ditto ; first phal., 3*2 ; second phal., 1*4 ; third, 1*35.
Third ditto ; first phal., 2*4 ; second, 0*8 ; third, 0*3.
Fourth ditto ; fii*st phal., 2 inch ; second, 0*7 ; third, 0-45.
Tibia, 1-05 inch.
Tarsus, 1-05."
Carpals and phalanges (foot), 0'6 inch ; distance, from tip of
tail to outer margin of the membrane, 0-5 inch (dried skin) ; ears
large, somewhat triangular, pointed at tips, rounded behind,
length, 0-6 ; breadth, 0*5 inches, tragus, 0-25 x 0*15, rather long;
three sided, the anterior margin almost straight, curved forwards,
upper margin irregular, almost at right angles with it, slightly
rounded ; posterior margin curved, having a deep indentation near
the base.
The upper incisors very minute simple, the lower small, trilobate.
Canines very strong rather blunt, curved, conical with a small
sharp lobe at the base of the inner (not posterior) side, a narrow
groove on either side of it and a small round compressed tubercle
at its base. Lower canines : strong, stout, curved, not quite so long
as the upper, with a fold or collar at the base forming a small
lobe posteriorly, lower canines and incisors closing in front of the
upper. Premolars : lower jaw, the first small, curved, sharp ;
second, longer, acute, broad at the base with small inner basal lobe ;
Premolars, lamer jaw, first acute, second longest, both having a
82 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
small inner posterior basal lobe, and a well defined collar. 3folars,
above, first and second equal, having three pointed sharp ridges
externally, formed by two triangular groves in the crown of the
tooth, and two sharp similar ridges internally ; each with a strong
triangular sharp inner basal lobe ; third molar, a compressed
sharp ridge with a small tubercle on either side at the base.
Molars below ; first and second nearly equal, showing two
exterior triangular concical tubercles, the anterior one the larger,
and three inner smaller tubercles ; third smaller, with two outer
similar ridges and two inner tubercles.
There is no sign of a gular pouch.*
A few long hairs directed forwards on the side of the
face, a fringe of short hairs on the lips, nostrils on margin of
upper lip, terminal, simple ; the fur on the throat and chest long
and silky, a few black hairs at the base of the ears inside. The
■wins membrane extends from the ankles. The whole of the
membrane, skin and fur of the upper surface jet black, silky ; the
whole of the under surface silky white. Sex, a male.
Hab. holes and caverns in rocks, near Bulli, sea coast, East
coast of N. 8. Wales.
This fine species was first found some twelve months ago, by my
friend Ralph Hargrave Esq., at Stan well, near Bulli. It is larger
than the majority of our bats, and may easily be distinguished by
the snow-white colour of the fur on the under side ; and the mem-
brane and whole of the fur on the upper side being black. It seems to
be allied to Taphozous affinis, of Dobsonf, from Labuan, but
differs in having no pouch, and in the shortness of its tail, also in
the colouring of the different parts. The tail is remarkably short
about half an inch within the outer margin of the caudal membrane,
which is three-sided {not pointed), the two lateral margins con-
nected with the ankles are thickened.
* The skin is much mutilated, but I hare examined it carefully in water,
t Ani. and Mag. Xat. Hist., 4th Series, Vol. 16., No. 93, p. 232.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 83
MONDAY, 31st JANUARY, 1876.
William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.
The business of the Annual Meeting was first proceeded with.
The Honorary Treasurer, Mr. H. H. Burton Bradley, pre-
sented his report, showing (with balance carried forward from last
year of £91 10s. 2d.) gross collections amounting to £187 0s. 2d. .
and disbursements for rent, printing, &c, of £86 4s. 4d. ; and
leaving a balance forward of £100 15s. 10d., reducible by cheques
outstanding to £87 0s. lOd. He also presented a statement show-
ing subscriptions outstanding on 1st January, 1876, of £191 6s.,
and mentioned that all accounts had been paid to 31st December
1875.
The election of officers for the ensuing year was proceeded with,
and the following were chosen : — President, Mr. "William Macleay,
F.L.S. ; Vice-President, the Hon. Sir W. Macarthur, M.L.C. ;
Hon. Secretary, Commander Stackhouse, R.N. ; Hon Treasurer,
Mr. H. H. Burton Bradley. Council : Mr. H. C. Alleyne, M.D. ;
Professor Liversidge; Mr. James C. Cox, M.D.; Mr. E. P.Ramsay,
F.L.S. ; Mr. Alfred Roberts ; Mr. W. J. Stephens, M.A.
A vote of thanks was passed to the office-bearers of the past
year.
THE CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS.
The Chairman read the following address : —
The Linnean Society of New South Wales has now completed
the first year of its existence, and in accordance with a rule
observed by almost all societies of a simdar kind, I take the
opportunity of the annual meeting to give you an address upon
the progress of the Society and of Natural History generally
during the past year, but chiefly in what i^elates to Australia and
Australian surroundings.
84 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
The object of the society has been succinctly stated in the
published rules to be " the cultivation and study of the Science of
Natural History in all its branches." But comparatively few
people are aware what a vast field of inquiry and study is included
under the term Natural History, as understood in its true meaning,
and as taught by the illustrious man whose name we have adopted
for this society.
The great divisions of Nature — Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy,
and Meteorology include within them the sciences of Anthropology,
Ethnology, Animal and Vegetable Physiology, Histology, Geography,
Geology, Palaeontology, and to some extent even those of Chemistry
and Medicine.
The extent and interest, therefore, of the many subjects com-
prehended within the scope of the society gave the hope that in a
country such as this, comprising in its population a more than
average number of men of good and liberal education, it would not
have been difficult to inaugurate and carry on successfully a society
formed solely for the cultivation of natural history.
Attempts had been previously made in Sydney to establish
Societies of Natural History, but on a narrowor limit than the
present. I was for some years here connected with a society
which was limited to the science of Entomology. While it lasted
that Society was most successful. Two volumes of transactions
were published, and the demand for these works in Europe suf-
ficiently demonstrates the value placed on them by the scientific
world. But the sole charge of keeping up the Society ultimately
fell upon such a very few individuals that it was at length given
up. And such I fear will always be the fate of scientific societies
as soon as the novelty of initiation wears off, unless its objects
comprise a sufficient scope of subjects to hold together a number
of working members. It is in the belief that an ample variety
of subjects are embraced under the term Natural History, to effect
this purpose, that the present Society has been formed. It is at
present, as I have said, the only exclusively natural history Society
in New South Wales, and I believe in Australia, though there are
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 85
others of a most useful character in which some excellent scientific
papers have been read — I allude particularly to the Royal Society
of Sydney. This is a well-established society, possessing ample
funds, and having a long list of subscribing members. It has,
moreover, among its office-bearers and members the most scientific
men in the community, and a number of valuable papers have been
read at its meetings. But mingled with those scientific papers
have been others not of a scientific character, and possessing cer-
tainly no interest except of the most local kind. The publications
of its proceedings also have not been conducted with the celerity
and regularity to be expected from a society not deficient in point
of means, and it is that irregularity and uncertainty in publication
which makes it as a society useless as a record of zoological,
botanical, or geological discovery.
Our Society has as yet had no reason to complain of want of public
support. The list of members is large, the funds, as will be seen
by the report of the hon. treasurer, have not been deficient, and
the proceedings of the monthly meetings, with the papers read,
have been printed as soon as the matter in hand was sufficient for
an octavo sheet. And the only regret I have to express is, that
the numbers of those contributing papers are not greater, and that
Zoology seems to turn the scale upon Botany and Geology.
Everything, however, must have a beginning, and I cannot say
that the difficulties experienced in the formation of the Linnean
Society of New South Wales — difficulties which have been chiefly
felt and encountered by our excellent honorary secretary, Captain
Stackhouse, R.N. — are greater than those usually encountered
under similar circumstances.
The papers read at the monthly meeting of the society since its
inauguration, are as follows : —
By Mr. Brazier : Descriptions of fourteen species of terrestrial
fluviatile and marine shells from Australia and the Solomon Islands.
Description of eight species of Australian and Tasmanian land
and freshwater shells.
By Mr. Ramsay : Description of a new species of Ptilotis from
the Endeavour River, with some remarks on the natural history
of the East Coast Range near Rockingham Bay.
86 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Description of a new Triclwylossus from Fiji.
Description of a new rat kangaroo, Ilypsiyvymnoden moscliatus.
Descriptions of a new genus and Species of birds, Viiia vuji-
capilla ; also of the following new species : Merula ruficeps,
Rhipidura pevsonata, Pachyeephala Randavensis and Lamprotia
Klinesmitlrii, all from Fiji.
Description of Pachycepala citreogaster, from New Britain.
Remarks on a collection of birds lately received from Fiji, and
now forming part of the Macleayan museum, with a list of all the
species known to inhabit the Fijian group.
Description of a new species of bat, Tapliyzous Ha>gravii.
By Dr. Cox : On the arms and weapons of the aborigines of
Australasia and Polynesia.
My own contributions have been. A short account of the
Entozoa taken from a sun fish, captured at Port Stephens.
Notes on a new species of Dendrophis, from Cleveland Bay.
General observations on the zoological results of the Chevert
expedition to New Guinea.
By Mi-. Masters : Part 1 of the ornithology of the voyage of the
Chevert. This paper treats of the Australian birds only, it con-
tains descriptions of ten new species, and gives much information
about many previously little known. The birds of New Guinea
will form the subject of Mr. Masters's next paper.
In addition to the reading of these papers there have been some
very interesting exhibits at the meetings, and several handsome
donations have been made to the Museum of the society.
The papers read during the same period at the meetings of the
Boyal Society of New South Wales on scientific subjects have
been —
Descriptions of eleven new species of terrestial and marine
shells from the north-east coast of Australia. By John Brazier,
C.M.Z.S.
Iron and coal deposits at Wallerawang. By Professor Liversidge.
Nickel mineral from New Caledonia. By Professor Liversidge.
Results of observations of the late Transit of Venus. By H. C.
Russell, M.A., Government Astronomer.
Results of observations at Eden of the late Transit of Venus.
By the Rev. William Scott, M.A., Warden of St. Paul's College.
OF NEAV SOUTH WALES. 87
The President of the Society, the Rev. W. B. Clarke, M.A., read
on the occasion of the annual meeting on the 12th May a very
lengthy address on a variety of subjects of the greatest interest to
the naturalist. The matter chiefly dwelt upon, however, was the
scientific results of the Challenger expedition, and a most elaborate
and interesting account of the wonderful deep-sea discoveries of
Professor Wyville Thomson and his able assistants takes up the
largest portion of this very able address. The reverend gentleman
has since supplemented his address by reading at a meeting of the
society only a month ago a further account of the Challenger dis-
coveries, bringing in fact our knowledge of their proceedings down
to the present day.
A very useful little volume has been published during the year,
at the Government Printing Office, by the direction of the Hon.
John Lucas, Minister for Mines. It is entitled " Mines and
Mineral Statistics of New South Wales," and contains : — Notes on
the geological collection of the Department of Mines. By Charles
Wilkinson, Esq., Government geologist. — Remarks on the sedi-
mentary formations of New South Wales. By the Rev. W. B.
Clarke, M.A., F.G.S., F.R.G.S., &c. — Notes on the iron and coal
deposits of Wallerawang, and , on the diamond fields. By Professor
Liversidge, F.C.S., F.G.S., &c. ; and reports from the Wardens of
the various gold mining districts of the colony.
Another work of a very useful character has just issued, or is
about to issue from the Government Printing Press. It is the
first part of a work on the birds of Australia, by E. P. Ramsay,
F.L.S., &c, Curator of the Australian Museum. The part now
published comprehends the whole of the raptorial birds, and if the
work is completed in the same careful and correct way as the first
part, it will prove of the greatest value to the ornithologist.
I have not been able to hear of any Botanical publication in New
South Wales during the year.*
In the colony of Victoria there are several societies of a more or
less scientific character.
* This is a mistake. I find that (luring the year a very beautiful illustrated work on
the Orchids of Australia has been printed at the Government Printing Office by Mr. Fitz-
gerald of the Lands Department.
88 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE L1NNEAN SOCIETY
Of these the Royal Society of Victoria takes the first place.
The papers read at its meetings during the last year on subjects
connected with Natural History were : —
On some upper Paleozoic Polyzoa from Queensland. By Mr. R.
Etheridge.
■ On the Importance of a more close and systematic observation
of the Oceanic and Atmospheric Phenomena of our Coasts. By
Mr. T. Rawlinson.
An account of some of the results of the Challenger Expedition.
By Mr. G. Foord.
On the phenomena of approach and recession exhibited by
bodies under the influence of radial energy. By Mr. A. M.
Smith.
On the meteor of April 15. By Mr. J. Berry.
The Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria have, I
am told, published during the year a volume of their Transactions,
but I have been unable to procure, or even see, a copy of it, and I
am entirely without information as to the character of the publi-
cation.
The Microscopical Society of Melbourne has, I am informed,
held many meetings during the year, but has not published any-
thing.
The Mining Department of the Victorian Government has just
published a geological map of the whole of Australia, accompanied
by a progress report of the geological survey of Victoria. By Mr-
R. B. Smyth. A description of some fossil fruits from the gold
drift sections of Victoria. By Baron Von Mueller. — Two decades
of the paleontology of Victoria. By Professor M'Coy.— Several
essays by the analyst, Mr. Cosmo Newberry, Mr. Howitt, and
others taking part in the geological survey.
Baron Von Mueller has also just published a small pamphlet on
some Papuan plants, collected during my late expedition to New
Guinea, in the Chevert. The same distinguished botanist has, I
believe, published several parts of his " Fragmenta Phyoi graphic?
Australia:;' during the past year, as well as a long and really
useful article in some publication connected with the International
Exhibition at Philadelphia, on the subject of the vegetative capa-
bilities of Victoria.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 89
It will thus be seen that our neighbours of Victoria are far from
being behind-hand in the pursuit of natural history.
I have not been able to ascertain that anything has been pub-
lished in Queensland having reference to natural history during
1875. Bat a museum has been founded at Brisbane, and consi-
derable progress has been made towards a geological survey of the
colony.
In South Australia, Mr. Waterhouse, the director of the public .
Museum at Adelaide, has published a catalogue of the mammals
and birds of that colony and of the Northern territory ; and Dr.
Schomburgh, the director of the public gardens, has published an
interesting paper on the flora of the colony, giving a complete list
of all the plants known both in South Australia proper and the
Northern territory. Both these papers have made their appear-
ance in a volume published by order of the Government for the
Intel-national Exhibition at Philadelphia, under the name of the
" Handbook of South Australia."
Tasmania still remains the subject of the very interesting
experiment made some years ago of introducing salmon ova into
its rivers. Many reports have each year been circulated about the
reappearance of these fish, and I believe that there is good ground
to believe now that such is really the case ; but definite proof
seems still to be wanting of the perfect success of the experiment.
I find it impossible to get information as to what has been done
in scientific matters in New Zealand during the past year ; but
we know that it possesses four museums, each presided over by
men of scientific eminence, and that the colony numbers among its
population many gentlemen of considerable scientific attainments.
I have only seen one publication — a small volume on the geology
of Otago, by P. W. Hutton, Provincial Geologist. From News-
papers also I derive the information that considerable discoveries
have been made of moa and other bones, giving evidence of the
very late disappearance of these gigantic birds. .
In other parts of the world, amidst a mass of works published
<3ii natural history, a good deal has been written which refers to
Australian subjects.
90 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
The " Proceedings Gf the Zoological Society of London for 1875"
(including Part 4 of 1874, but published in 1875) contain the
following : — -
Letter concerning the existence of a new parrot on the east coast
of Australia. By John Goold, F.R.S., &c.
Descriptions of five new birds from Queensland, and of the egg
of Ghlamyclodera metadata. By E. P. Ramsay, C.M.Z.S.
Description of a new species of kangaroo. By Albert Gunther,
V.P.Z.S., &c.
Ornithological notes from Fiji, with descriptions of supposed new
species of birds. By E. L. Layard, F.Z.S., etc., H.B.M. Consul
for Fiji and Tonga.
Descriptions of ten new species of shells from the collection of
Mr. Charles Coxen, of Brisbane. By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S., &c.
On the kangaroo called Halmaturus luctuosus, by DAlbertis,
and its affinities. By A. H. Garrod, B.A., F.Z.S., Fellow of St.
John's College, Cambridge, Protector of the Society.
Notes on the original specimen of PtilonorJiyncus Rawnsleyi. By
E. P. Bamsay, C.M.Z.S., &c.
Further remarks on the Cassowaries living in the Society's
Gardens, and other species of the genus Gasuarius. By P. L.
Sclater, M.A., Ph. D., F.R.S., Secretary to the Society.
Descriptions of some rare eggs of Australian birds. By E. P.
Ramsay, C.M.Z.S.
Descriptions of some supposed new species of birds from the
Fiji Islands. By E. L. Layard, F.Z.S., H.B.M.C, administering
the Government.
Descriptions of three new species of Australian birds. By John
Gould, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., &c.
Descriptions of three new species of shells from Australia. By
George French Angus, C.M.Z.S., F.L.S., &c.
Notes on Fijian birds. By E. L. Layard, F.Z.S., &c.
The twenty-first of his series of memoirs on the extinct birds of
the genus Dinornis. By Professor Owen, C.B., F.R.S., &c.
The proceedings of the Linnsean Society of London for 1875 do
not contain (as far, at all events, as their publications have reached
this country) any paper specially relating to Australia, either in
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 91
their zoological or botanical divisions. This, however, is unusual,
as during the last few years many articles, chiefly on the ento-
mology of Australia, have appeared in its journal from the pen of
Francis P. Pascoe, F.L.S., and E. Saunders, F.L.S.
The publications affecting Australia in the Transactions of the
Entomological Society of London are : —
Contributions towards a knowledge of the Rhopalocera of Aus-
tralia. By Arthur Butler, F.L.S. and F.Z.S., Arc.
Descriptions of new Coleoptera from Australia. By Charles O.
Waterhouse.
The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (the very best
periodical I know) have the following articles more or less affect-
ing Australia.
Description of two new species of Crustacea, from New Zealand.
By Captain F. M. Hutton, C.M.Z.S., &c.
Notes on Coleoptera, with description of new genera and species,
part 3. By Francis P. Pascoe, F.L.S., &c.
Descriptions of five new species of fishes, obtained in the New
Zealand seas, by H.M.S. Challenger's expedition, in July. 1874.
By James Hector, M.D., C.M.Z S., &c.
Notes on certain genera of Agarislidw, with descriptions of new
species. By Arthur Gardiner Butler, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c.
On Pelagonomertes Rollestoni. By H. N. Mosely, naturalist on
board H.M.S. Challenger.
On a third new Tertiary species of Trigonia. By Frederick
M'Coy, Professor of Natural Science in the University of Mel-
bourne.
Dr. A. B. Meyer, on the identity of Ceratodus Forsteri and
Miolepis. From the proceedings of the Royal Society.
Notes on an apparently new parrot, from Card well, N.E. Aus-
tralia. By Frederick M'Coy, Professor of Natural Science in the
University of Melbourne.
Additions to the Australian Curculionida;, Part 8. By Francis
P. Pascoe, F.L.S., &c.
On a Tertiary Pleurotomaria. By Frederick M'Coy, Professor
of Natural Science in the University of Melbourne.
92 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Descriptions of new genera and species of New Zealand Cole-
optera. By Francis P. Pascoe, F.L.S., <fcc.
Further contributions to the Ornithology of Australia. By
John Gould, F.R.S., &c.
Descriptions of new species of New Zealand Fish. By F. M.
Hutton, Curator of the Otago Museum.
On some New and Undescribed Species of Crustacea, from the
Samoan Islands. By Edward J. Miers, Zoological Department,
British Museum.
Descriptions of a new species of Trichoglossus, from Fiji. By
E. L. Layard, F.Z.S., Consul for Fiji and Tonga.
I am aware that the list I have now given of the papers read
and books written during the year, bearing chiefly on the natural
history of Australia is a most imperfect one, even as regards the
publications in the colonies themselves, as well as in the mother
country.
But to give a full and correct list is quite beyond my power-
To do so would necessitate the examination of a series of foreign
scientific periodicals, too numerous to mention. Suffice it to say
that the student who wishes to keep himself informed as to all the
literary productions on the natural history of Australia must
gather his information from a multiplicity of sources, and in a
variety of languages. That this is so, I can myself testify, but is
it either right or necessary that it should be so 1
As we know, the study of natural history is, as a rule, more
general in France and Germany than it has ever been in England,
and it is to the great naturalists of these countries the scientific
world is indebted for the most prized and valuable works. I
admit, therefore, that any one aspiring to what may be called the
higher branches of natural science must be a good linguist. He
must be acquainted with Greek, Latin, French, and German, and
would find the benefit of knowing also the Dutch, Italian, Russian,
and Norwegian languages. But there may be, and indeed are
here, many ardent students of nature, who are not polyglottists,
and who, even if they were, have not the means of accumulating
the mass of literature necessary to enable them to investigate a
single group of a strictly Australian family.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 93
This difficulty may, I think, be much reduced, if not ultimately
entirely obviated, by means of our society.
With this view I would suggest that upon any revision or re-
classification of a group of plants or animals undertaken by a
member of the society, such revision or reclassification should be
accompanied by reproduced descriptions of each genus and species,
with proper references to the original authors.
Of course these pirated descriptions should be avoided where the
original work is at all attainable.
My position as President of this Society gives me no right to
thrust my advice upon you, but I am desirous of giving assistance,
in so far as my judgment approves, in contributing to the useful-
ness of the society, and I claim to know to some extent how that
can be best accomplished.
I am convinced that we cannot do better in the present state of
Natural History in Australia than confine our attention to observ-
ing, cataloguing, and describing. The synthetical work may well,
I think, be left for the present to the legion of writers who aspire
to what is foolishly called " high science."
The reason why I recommend descriptive catalogues is because
they are not only what are most required (our knowledge of the
Fauna of Australia being still very limited), but because any
generalization of, or deductions from, what we do know cannot be
of much value with our present imperfect knowledge.
Something has already been done in this direction in this country.
Mr. Kreft, the late Curator of the Australian Museum, published
some yeai-s ago an excellent work on the then known snakes of
Australia. The late Dr. Grey, of the British Museum, published
also, some years ago, " The Lizards of Australia ;" and Mr. Masters
has compiled catalogues of our Coleoptera and Diurnal Lepidopfera.
There is no better exercise for the student than the describing of
new species, and there certainly is no better way of making himself
useful to the workers in other spheres of Natural History who have
not the same opportunities of observation and comparison. Classi-
fication and nomenclature which involves the description of new
.species are to science what grammar and words are to a language.
Without them it becomes impossible to benefit by the observations
94 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEA.N SOCIETY
of others, or to communicate to others one's own. The analytical
experience also, which is involved in the act of description, and the
carefu1 study it necessitates of structure and anatomy, render it a
good as we1! as useful way of laying the solid foundation of know-
ledge, on which a superstructure of " high science " may be reared.
The progress of natural science generally throughout the year
1875, if estimated by the number of publications and the mass of
printed matter laid before the public, would be perhaps above the
average.
And undoubtedly some men of the highest renown as physi-
ologists have daring that period contributed much towards our
acquaintance with both animal and vegetable structure. But
unfortunately it seems to have become the fashion, even among our
best men, English and foreign, to aim at originality by ueing
obscure, to confound physics and metaphysics, and to substitute
transcendentalism for a p1ain statement of facts. And I am afraid
that this sort of writing is encouraged by a reading, but not very
discerning pubi;c who are prone to accept sensationalism as a mark
of genius, and ^ong words as proofs of knowledge.
Foremost amongst the books of the year must be reckoned
Darwin's " Insectivorous Plants." In this admirable work we
have, as indeed in all his productions, an example of patient and
laborious investigation, coupled with sjmthetical genius of most
remai'kabie power.
Next to Darwin may be ranked Hackel. No modern physio-
logist has been a more ardent or voluminous supporter of the
evolution theory of- creation for some years than Hackel. His
latest work, p- Wished in 1874, though not reaching this country
till 1375. entitled " Die Gustrsea — Theorie, die phylogenetische
Classification uud die Hemelogie der Keimblatter," is an attempt
to found a theory of classification, or even creation, upon an
embryonal form, which he names gastraa.
Another German, Dr. Alexander Gotte, Professor of the Uni-
versity of Strasburg, has another embryonic theory, and endeavours
to show that every species originates through the laws regulating
the first divisions of the yolk.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES, 95
And still another German, Dr. *Anton Dohni, now of Naples,
asserts with some force that development is not always progressive
in the sense meant by Lamarck, but that it is quite as ready to be
retrogressive.
Professor Huxley also lias during the year propounded a new
classification of the animal kingdom, founded chiefly, as I under-
stand it, upon visceral development, on the ground that a Phylo-
genetic classification, though the best, cannot for a Jong time be
investigated in such a thorough manner as to form a sound basis
of taxonomy.
These are, [ think, the chief of what may be called the specula-
tive works on natural science lately published ; but there are
many others of a perhaps more useful but less pretentious character,
which I would willingly notice if time and space would warrant it.
It is evident, I think, from the general tenor of scientific litera-
ture for some years past, that the evolution theory, long so
unpopular, and which under Lamarck's teaching gained so few
proselytes, has, under the superior fascinations of Darwin's admir-
able work, " The Origin of Species," become the fashionable faith.
But what may be generally believed is not necessarily true or
worthy of belief.
The mass of the reading world are generally prepared to accept
without much question, the views adopted by those whom they
have been accustomed to look up to as authorities.
The really scientific men who have become converts to the
doctrine, and they are now very numerous, differ in reality a
great deal more than they agree. While all accept the principle
of evolution, they almost al I differ as to the process. The conse-
quence is, that we have theory after theory propounded, all
founded no doubt, upon useful and laborious investigations, but
which are use1 ess in themselves, except as giving a motive for more
extended observations.
I believe myself, that the Scottish verdict of " not proven"
would be the best way of meeting all these barren theories.
We know certain things. We know from the evidence of the
rocks that species both of plants and animals have existed on the
earth, which are now extinct. We know that species which now
96 THE PROCEEDINGS OF»THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
exist did not exist at a previous period. And Ave know that no
apparent variation can be traced in any existing species since the
period assigned for man's first appearance on the globe. And it
must be admitted that the testimony of the rocks, so far From
giving ground for a theory of a continuous modification of form,
seems rather to afford proof that there have been many successions
of distinct creations at long intervening periods.
Our knowledge of creation or of the order of creation
extends no further than this, notwithstanding the anxious efforts
of the most accomplished men of the present and past generations.
It seems really as if we had, at this point, reached the utmost
range of the human intellect.
But if the mystery of creation is ever to be unveiled by man —
if the plan of the universe, or, in other words, the mind of the
Almighty is ever to be ascertained by human means, it will be by
a thoughtful study of the works of the Creator, and by a genuine
searching after truth, unbiassed by all previously-conceived
theories.
The business of the ordinary monthly meeting was then
proceeded with.
William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.
MEMBERS PROPOSED.
Mr. Harrie Wood, Under-Secretary for Mines ; Mr. Guilfoyle,
Director Botanic Gardens, Melbourne ; the Hon. F. Lord, M.L.C.,
St. Leonards ; Mr. Alfred Brown, of Queensland.
Mr. Brazier read the following Paper : —
v3*
CHideZ',
i Gdsteracantha crucigera. 2 Tholia Macleayi. 3 Argiope variabilis.
3« Argiope, underside. 4 A. lunata. 4a A. lunata, underside. 5
Epeira MacUayi. 6 E Mastersii. 6a E Mastersii, underside. 7 and
7« E. caudata. 8 A/eta streatipes.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
97
Description of two new species of Australian Land Shells. —
By J. Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
1. — Helix (Hydra) Tomsoni.
Shell umbilicated, depressly globose, solid, surface covered with
lengthened granulations ; distinctly banded with spiral chestnut
lines and bands ; a broad one at the suture, whorls 5, rather
con\rex, the last roundly convex, base convex, marked same as
upper surface ; having a dark bi'oad band round the umbilicus,
aperture roundly lunate, bluish white within, peristome thickened
and l'eflected, margins approximating, the right descending,
columellar margin largely reflected over the umbilicus.
Diam. Maj. 14, min. 12, alt. 11 lin.
Hob. Mount Elliott, Queensland. — Coll., Mr. C. Coxen.
2. — Helix (Hydra) Hanni.
Shell umbilicated. depressly globose, finely obliquely striated,
fulvous, ornamented with two broad chestnut zones, one at the
suture and one a little above the periphery; spire depressed,
obtuse, whorls 5, convex, the last roundly convex, base convex,
and ornamented with numerous chestnut lines, one broad with
darker between, and a broad one encircling the umbilicus, aperture
oblique, lunately lxmnded, peristome blackish reflected, margin
approximating, right descending, collumellar margin reflected and
expanded over the umbilicus.
Diam. Maj. 15|, min. 12, alt. 9| lin.
Hab. Bowen, Port Denison, Queensland. — Coll., Mr. C. Coxen.
I have only seen one specimen of this species, and it differs from
Helix Incei and Yulei by being more depressed and broader, and
in its lesser markings.
t-
98 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
MONDAY, 28th FEBRUARY, 1876.
William Ma.cleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.
NEW MEMBERS PROPOSED.
Eyre Goulburn Ellis and E. Reading, Esqs.
MEMBERS ELECTED.
Mr. Harrie Woods, Mr. Guilfoyle, Hon. F. Lord, Mr. Alfred
Brown.
The following papers were read : —
Descriptions of Thirty -five new species of Land Shells from New
Guinea, Australia, and Islands in Torres Straits, collected
during the Chevert Expedition — by John Brazier, C.MZ.S.
The collection of shells made during the voyage of the " Chevert "
is very large, and comprises many species hitherto unknown. The
arrangement and descriptions of them, which, by Mr. Macleay's
desire, I have undertaken, is not, therefore, a thing that can be
done in a day, or in one paper ; I have accordingly limited
myself in this, the first of a series of papers, to the descriptions
of the new species of land shells in the collection.
1. — Helix (Rhytida) Beddomei.
Shell largely and openly umbilicated, rather depressly globose,
very thin, obliquely closely rugosely striated on upper surface,
pale yellowish brown, shining, irregularly streaked with dark
yellow ; apex obtuse, whorls 4|, moderately convex, the last very
large, slightly flattened and inflated in front ; suture distinct,
rounded at the periphery ; base convex, nearly smooth, umbilicus
perspective, margin smooth, aperture oblique, lunately ovate,
peristome simple, pinkish within, margins approximating, the
right descending in front, collumellar margin broad and reflected.
Diam. Maj. 14, min. 11J, alt. 7 lin.
Hob. Albany Island and Cape York, North Australia.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 99
This species is somewhat allied to Helix Franklandensis Forbes
— it differs by being much thinner, more turbinated, coarser in
sculpture, smaller umbilicus, pale yellowish, with darker radiating
streaks. It was first found by Mr. C E. Beddome, on Albany
Island, some distance below the surface, amongst great quantities
of volcanic scoria, and when at Cape York last July, 1875, I also
found it in the same localities
2. — Helix (Rhytida) Jamesi.
Shell umbilicated, flatly orbicularly depressed, very closely
and finely striated, glossy, bright horn yellow, streaked with brown
rays ; whorls 4, slightly convex, quickly increasing, last very
large and flattened in front ; not descending, striae showing more
plainly at the suture, spire depressed, apex obtuse, roundly convex
at the periphery, base rounded, nearly smooth, rayed as above,
umbilicus wide and moderately deep, aperture diagonal, lunately
oval, peristome thin, simple, margins distant, right straight, the
outer arched, columellar slightly reflected.
Diam. Maj. 10|, min. 8|, alt. 4 lin.
Hob. Palm Island, North-east Australia.
This species approaches to Helix capillacea Fer. It differs by
being flatly depressed, nearly smooth, showing very faint silky
lines, at the suture they become more like fine ribs ; colour dif
ferent, apd rayed with brownish-yellow ; umbilicus much wider,
and in all respects a much thinner shell. Five specimens found
under stones in the thick jungle.
3. — Helix (Rhytida) Hobsoni.
Shell umbilicated, rather flatly orbicularly depressed ; thin,
glossy, dark-yellowish horn, nearly smooth, faintly striated, with
numerous irregular dark radiating rays; whorls 3 to 3|, slightly
convex, last large, depressed above, descending a little in front,
spire slightly elevated, apex obtuse, suture impressed, periphery
roundly convex, base convex, smooth, umbilicus large, perspective,
regularly rounded at the margin, aperture somewhat oblique,
lunately oval, interior pink, peristome simple, thin, margins
approximating, columellar margin thinly expanded.
100 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Diam. Maj. 4^, min. 3^, alt. 2, liu.
Hab. Palm Island, North-east Coast of Australia.
This species varies in colour from bright chestnut to yellowish-
brown, and has dark irregular radiating rays. Ten specimens
found.
4. — Helix (Thalassia) annulus.
Shell minutely perforated, depressed, thin, transparent, smooth,
shining olivaceous or yellowish horny, spire moderately conical,
apex obtuse, whorls 5, slightly convex, pei'iphery I'ounded, above
banded with one dark-brown band running into the suture and
spirally to the apex ; base convex, smooth, umbilicus minute,
shallow, aperture nearly diagonal, lunate, peristome simple, acute,
margins distant, the right thin, the columellar margin whitish,
thickened, slightly reflected.
Diam. Maj. 6^, min. 5J, alt. 3, lin.
Hab. Banks of Katow River, New Guinea.
This thin transparent species . was found at the village of
Marrahata, mouth of Katow River, near the seashore, in moist
places under cocoanut trees, living in clusters inside of old cocoa
husks. Three dead and one living specimen were found at Dunge-
ness Island, Torres' Straits, about 40 miles south from Katow.
They may have been carried on drift timber and palm roots which
are to be seen floating in the Straits after the North-west
Monsoons.
5. — Helix (Thalassia) Sappho.
Shell perforated, orbicularly depressed, thin, sub-pellucid, nearly
smooth, glossy, horny, whorls 44, slightly convex, the last large
and rounded at the periphery, suture flattened, spire obtuse, base
convex, having strise running into the umbilicus, aperture diagonal,
ovately lunate, peristome thin, margins distant, the upper and
outer very thin, columellar margin thickened into a white callus,
grooved in the middle, reflected partly over the umbilicus like a
spout.
Diam. Maj. 3£, min. 2f, alt. 1| lin.
Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 101
A simple horny shell, slightly shining, with a callus like tooth
divided, and turned back like a spout.
6. — Helix (Discus) Lomonti.
Shell umbilicated, very much depressed, lenticular, thin, pellu-
cid, light brown, rather obliquely striated, whorls 5|, flattened,
the last sharply keeled, suture with narrow margin, base slightly
convex, umbilicus large, wide open, aperture diagonal, compressly
ovate, peristome thin, acute, margins distant, columella thick-
ened.
Diam. Maj. 6, min. 5|, alt. 1| lin.
Ilab. Yule Island, New Guinea, found under decayed timber.
A thin, flat, depressed, pellucid, light brown species comes in
the section with Helix Merziana and Swainsoni, Pp.
7. — Helix (Conulus) Maino.
Shell minutely perforated, globosely conical, thin, shining, hya-
line, pale horny (under the lens), marked with fine oblique silky
strias, and minute spiral lines, whorls 5J, gradually increasing,
roundly convex, the last large and inflated, faintly keeled at the
periphery, base convexly rounded, with the striae more coarse than
above, aperture nearly vertical, ovate, peristome simple, thin,
acute, margins distant, columellar margin reflected covering one-
fourth of the minute umbilicus.
Diam. Maj. 2, min. 1|, alt. 2 lin.
Hah. Yule Island, New Guinea, found on trees.
The sculpture of this pretty little species comes out beautifully
when placed under the microscope, the striae being as fine as silk.
Seventeen specimens only found on trees in the thick jungle.
8. — Helix (Conulus) Reedei.
Shell minutely perforated, globosely conical, thin, shining, light
brown (under the lens), marked with fine oblique silky striae, and
minute spiral lines, whorls 5, roundly convex, the last large, cre-
nulated at the suture, sj)ire conoid, apex obtuse, obsoletely keeled
at the periphery, base convex, pale yellowish horn, marked with
spiral striae, aperture diagonal, roundly lunate, peristome simple,
102 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
thin, acute, margins distant, columellar margin slightly dilated,
covering half the umbilicus.
Diam. Maj. 2\, min. 1|, alt. 2 lin.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on the leaves of
trees on the most elevated peak of the Island.
The upper half of this species is of a light brown, the lower half
pale yellowish horn, having the peculiar minute spiral decussating
lines giving a fenestrated appearance to the shell.
9. — Helix (Conulus) Darnleyensis.
Shell imperforated, globosely conical, thin, hyaline, pale horny,
faintly marked with silky strise, rather oblique, whorls 4, roundly
convex, the upper one spirally sculptured with fine lines, the last
large and inflated, suture deeply impressed, spire conoid, apex
obtuse, periphery rounded, base convex, mai'ked with spiral lines,
aperture oblique, somewhat ovate, peristome simple, thin, margins
distant, columellar rather straight with a thin reflected plate on the
imperfo ration.
Diam. Maj. '2 J, min. 2, alt. 2 lin.
Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on trees.
10. — Helix (Conulus) Barnardensis.
Shell minutely umbilicated, turtunately globose, thin, white,
transparent, regularly minutely finely striated, whorls 4, convex,
spire conoid, apex obtuse, slightly keeled at the periphery ; base
convexly rounded, smoother than above, aperture vertical, some-
what squarely ovate, margins distant, the columellar margin dilated
and reflected covering one-fourth of the umbilicus.
Diam. Maj. 1, min. f, alt. 1, lin.
Hob. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-east Coast of Australia.
11. — Helix (Conulus) Nepeanensis.
Shell minutely umbilicated, tui-binately depressed, thin, yellowish
brown, coarsely obliquely striated, whorls 5, convex, the last large,
suture distinct, spire conoid, apex obtuse, small minute callus-like
keel at the periphery ; base rounded, marked with fine striae,
aperture diagonal, roundly lunar, peristome thin, simple, margins
distant, columellar margin rather thickened and slightly reflected.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 103
Diam. Maj. If, min. 1^, alt. 1 lin.
Hah. Nepean Island, also Cocacanut Island, Torres Straits,
under leaves on the ground. .
This species is allied to Helix Russelli, Brazier, but may be
distinguished by its coarser sculpture. About forty specimens
found at the localities given above.
12. — Helix (Conulus) Starkei.
Shell minutely umbilicated, turbinately depressed, thin, reddish-
brown, obliquely marked with rib-like stria?, interstices show-
ing faint indications of smaller lines, whorls 5, roundly
convex, suture deep, spire somewhat conoid, apex obtuse, periphery
minutely keeled, base convex, marked with striae finer than above
and crossed with minute spiral silky lines ; umbilicus deep, rounded
at the margin, aperture oblique, roundly lunate, peristome thin,
simple, margins distant, columellar nearly straight and reflected.
Diam. Maj. If, min. 1|, alt. 1^ lin.
Hah. Yule Island, New Guinea.
One specimen found under decayed leaves on the ground. The
sculpture of it is very remarkable, above quite rough rib-like, and
from the centre nearly smooth, crossed with fine spiral lines run-
ning into the umbilicus.
13. — Helix (Patula) Spaldingi.
Shell rather broadly and perspectively umbilicated, depressly
orbicular, thin, translucent, not shining, rather white, irregularly
obliquely rugosely striated, interstices smooth, spire moderately
flattened, apex obtuse, suture deep, whorls 3£, scarcely convex, last
rather large and inflated, angled above, rounded at the periphery,
base roundly convex, umbilicus half the width of the shell, some-
what deep and rounded at its margins, aperture nearly vertical,
sub-circular, peristome thin, acute, margins approximating, the
right straight, columellar margin slightly reflected.
Diam. Maj. 2^, min. If, alt. 1^, least alt. f, lin.
Hah. Cape York and Albany Island, North Australia ; also
Bet, Sue, Cocoa Nut, and Warrior Islands — Torres Straits, under
leaves and decayed wood.
104 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
This species approaches near to Helix perspvctiva, Say, found
in North America. Cape York and Albany Island specimens
run large, from the other islands much smaller.
14. — Helix (Conulus *?) Porti.
Shell imperforated, turbinately globose, thin, shining, trans-
parent, horny yellow, regularly mai'ked with very fine oblique
striae, transversely striated, giving the shell the appearance of
being granulated ; whorls, 3-|, roundly convex, spire conoid, apex
roundly obtuse, suture distinct, roundly convex at the periphery,
base convex, with spinal striae, aperture diagonal, lunately
rounded, peristome thin, acute, margins distant, columellar margin
rather thickened into a minute callus plate.
Diam. Maj. |, min. J, alt. £.
Hob. Albany Island, North Australia.
Only one specimen found amongst a vast quantity of volcanic-
scoria.
15. — Helix (Conulus ?) Grenvillei.
Shell as seen under the lens, imperforated, turbinately
depressed, thin, transparent, reddish, spirally striated, whorls 3|,
convexly rounded, studded with three rows of spiral stunted
hairy bristles, not seen on the upper whorls, rather obliquely
rugosely striated at the suture, spire moderately conoid, obtuse at
the apex, periphery rounded, base convex, marked with fine striae,
aperture nearly vertical, ovately rounded, peristome thin, simple,
acute, margins distant, the right very thin.
Diam., Maj., | min. ^ alt. \ lin.
Hah. Home Islands, off Cape Grenville, North East
Australia.
Characterised by bristly hair on the centre of the last whorl,
and resembles, in miniature, the Helix aculeata, Muller, from
Europe. One specimen only found under leaves.
16. — Helix (Ochthephila) D'Albertisi.
Shell umbilicated, pyramidally conical, thin, light reddish
brown, hyaline, spire raised, apex white, acute, whorls 8£, slightly
convex, the upper half closely, obliquely, rugosely lined, the lower
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 105
spirally granulated, suture channeled, crenulated,* below small
minute holes, having raised like callus at their edge, periphery
with small keel, divided and crenulated, base convex, more rugose
than upper surface, umbilicus rounded, small, and deep, minute
holes round the edge, aperture oblique, nearly circular, peristome
thin, margins continuous, with thin deposit of callus on the body
whorl ; columellar margin slightly reflected over the umbilicus.
Diam. Maj. 3f, min. 3|, alt. 4 lin.
Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.
17. — Helix (Hadra) Palmensis.
Shell umbilicated, globosely turbinated, finely striated, the
whole surface marked with minute zig-zag and lengthened grains,
giving the shell a granulated appearance, reddish yellow, with
numerous spiral chestnut lines and bands, very dark at the
mouth, whorls 6, slightly convex, the last convex above, deflected
in front, suture crenulated and encircled with a dark blackish
band ; spire conical, apex obtuse, base rounded, marked as above,
having coarser lines entering the umbilicus, with a dark broad
band round it, aperture somewhat diagonal, ovately lunate, within
shining livid hue, peristome blue-black, thick, and broadly
expanded and reflected, margins approximating, the right
descending at the upper part, and connected by a thin callus ;
columellar margin very much thickened and expanded half over
the umbilicus.
Variety. Yellowish, with one band one line wide on the peri-
phery, running spirally to the apex, with another broad one at
the suture, nearly obsolete on the second whorl, peristome lightish
brown, very dark behind, dark reddish brown round the
umbilicus.
Diam. Maj. 23, min. 18, alt. 17 lines.
Hab. Palm Island, North-east Australia ; found under stones
and rocks in the thick jungle.
18. — Helix (Geotrochus) Yulensis.
Shell imperforated, conic, trochus shaped, rather thin, obliquely
finely striated and obsoletely granulated ; whitish, ornamented
106 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
with small long narrow light reddish streaks and spots, more
numerous towards the upper part, spire conoid, rather acute,
whorls 4 to 4^, slightly convex, the last more convex, marked
round the peripheiy, which is acute with a broad white opaque
band, base convex, with obsolete white bands, interior and colu-
mellar pink, peristome jet black, aperture oblique, triangularly
ovate, margins approaching, right bisinuated and contracted in
front, thickened and reflected.
Diam. Maj. 10J, min. 8|, alfc. 6.
Hah. Yule Island, New Guinea.
This interesting species differs from anything known to me from
New Guinea, it is so variable in colour. Some specimens have
the light reddish streaks obliquely placed, and destitute of the
opaque white lines running spirally iuwards on the body whorl and
the fine rose tint round the columellar and interior of the aperture ;
peristome at the periphery twisted and bisinuated inwards.
19. — Helix (Geotrochus) Strabo.
Shell imperforated, conic, somewhat trochus shaped, thin, finely
striated, and obsoletely spirally marked with lengthened granula-
tions ; bright straw yellow, spire conoid, apex acute, whorls 4;
slightly convex, the 3 upper nearly smooth, suture channelled,
periphery sharply keeled, rounded in front, base convex and
marked with faint white opaque lines ; aperture oblique, triangu-
larly ovate, peristome expanded and reflected, rose pink, margins
distant, the right bisinuated inwards at the front, columellar margin
regular and reflected.
Diam. Maj. 11, min. 8^, alt. 6 J lin.
Hab. Katow River, New Guinea ; found on trees.
This is another curious form, having the centre or outer margin
of the peristome bright rose colour and formed like a spout, and
between the margins and on the base a faint blotch of rose pint.
Only three specimens found on the banks of the above river.
20. — Helix (Geotrochus) Siculus.
Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressly globose, rather solid, finely
striated, pale brown, ornamented with three chestnut bands, two
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 107
narrow and one broad contiguous to that at the suture ; spire
conoid, apex dark brown, obtuse, whorls 5, slightly convex,
rounded at the periphery, convex at the base, ornamented with
eight narrow spiral chestnut lines ; aperture diagonal, roundly
lunate, peristome rose pink, slightly expanded and reflected, colu-
mellar dilated and reflected, concealing one-fourth of the umbi-
licus.
Variety. With chestnut band on the periphery, and running
spirally round the suture to the apex.
Diam. Maj. 10, min. 8, alt. 6| lines.
Hab. Banks of Katow River, New Guinea.
Two specimens only found of this species on trees.
21. — Helix (Geotrochus) Braziers.
Shell with covered umbilicus, depressly conical, rugosely
obliquely and spirally striated, yellowish-brown, marbled with
blackish-brown flames, whorls 4 to 4J, convex, the last large, de-
scending in front, apex conoid, obtuse, upper whorl nearly smooth,
brown, periphery moderately rounded, base convex, marked as
above, aperture oblique, lunately ovate, peristome white, thickened
and reflected, interior of aperture bright brown, margins approxi-
mating, the right descending, columellar margin thickened, dark-
brownish and expanded over the umbilicus.
Diam. Maj. 13, min. 10|, alt. 8 J lin.
Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea, found on trees.
This species resembles in its markings Helix Lombei, Pfr. from
Solomon Islands.
22. — Helix (Geotrochus) Zeno.
Shell imperforated, globosely turbinated, obliquely and trans-
versely minutely rugosely grained, thin, flesh colom*, encircled with
eleven dark-brown bands having white between ; in front all run
into one, spire short, apex obtuse, rose pink, whorls 4J, convex,
the last large, deflected in front, constricted behind the aperture,
which is oblique and somewhat square, peristome purple black,
margins approximating, and joined by a thin callus, the right de-
10S THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
scending, collurnellar margin with sub-erect elongated tooth like
callosity of a rose pink much dilated and reflected.
Diam. Maj. 17, min. 13|, alt. 1^ lin.
Hah. Hall Sound, New Guinea.
Two dead specimens found in the thick forest on high ridges.
23. — Bulimus Macleayi.
Shell minutely perforated, ovately conical, very thin, shining,
transparent, finely striated and obsoletely transversely lined, horny
or tawny throughout, whorls 5J, convex, the last large and inflated
little more than half the whole length, spire rather long, apex acute,
base rounded, aperture somewhat oblique, elongately oval, peris-
stome simple, regular, thin, nearly straight, margins regularly
arched, collurnellar margin with thin plate expanded and reflected
over the umbilicus.
Length 7|, breadth 4, height 3|, length of aperture 4-k, width
2f lines.
Hah. Yule Island, New Guinea.
This species is found on trees in the wet season, and in the dry
in the crevices of coral forming the east side of the island.
24. ToRNATELLINA MaSTERSI.
Shell imperforate, somewhat ovate, very thin, transparent, slightly
shining, horny green, faintly and transversely striated, whorls 5,
convex, that last large and inflated, equalling half the length,
suture impressed, spire conoid, apex obtuse, base rounded, aperture
vertical, ovate, peristome thin, simple, long, narrow, minute4ike
callus tooth on the centre of the body whorl ; whitish, margins
regularly arched, the columellar margin white, thickened with
callus, twisted, divided in the middle and entering spirally in-
wards, leaving a deep groove ; above reflected at its outer edge.
Length 1^, breadth |- line.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
This species is of a very dull colour, more so than any of the
other species described in this paper. Eighteen specimens found
on trees at 600 feet elevation, the highest part of the island.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 109
25. TORNATELLINA GrRENVILLEI.
Shell imperforated, oblong, ovate, thin, glossy, transparent, light
horn colour, obliquely striated, decussated with minute silky lines ;
whorls 5, roundly convex, suture distinctly impressed, spire conoid,
apex obtuse, base convex, aperture somewhat diagonal, elongately
oval, peristome thin, simple, straight, margins regularly arched,
the columellar margin thickened with callus, twisted, reflected and
running spirally inwards, joining the thin white lunate-shaped
tooth placed in the body whorl.
Length 1A, breadth f line.
Hob. Home Islands, North East Australia ; Albany Island,
Cape York.
26. ToRNATELLINA PETTERDI.
Shell imperforate, oblong turretod, very thin, transparent,
shining, smooth, light yellowish horny, whorls 5, convex, last
equalling half the length, spire moderately elongated, obtuse at the
apex, aperture nearly vertical, ovate, small thin tooth placed in
the centre of the body whorl ; columellar thickened, twisted, the
edge entering spirally inwards leaving a deep groove above, peris-
tome thin, simple.
Length 1^, breath 1 line.
Ilab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on trees.
27. — TORNATELLINA TERRESTRIS.
Shell imperforated, overtly conical, thin, translucent, rather
smooth, obsoletely striated and spirally lined with silky striae ;
pale "horny, whorls 3|, roundly convex, the last large and globosely
inflated, suture impressed, spire short, obtuse at the apex, aper-
ture very slightly oblique, roundly ovate, small nearly obsolete
thin long tooth on the centre of the body whorl ; peristome thin,
acute, margins regular, the columellar rather thickened, straight,
with a thin long broad plate, sub-twisted and bent in the centre
entering spirally inwards, as seen from the inside, tine decussating
lines all through.
Length 1J, breadth 1 line.
Hob. Yule Island, New Guinea ; found on the ground under
leaves.
110 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
28. TORNATELLINA EuCHARIS.
Shell imperforated, somewhat ovately conical, thin, transparent,
glossy, very finely striated and decussated with finer striae ; pale
straw colour, whorls 3J, convex, the last large and inflated, three-
fourth the whole length, spine very short, apex roundly obtuse,
thickened long callus tooth on the centre of body whorl entering
spirally ; base rounded, aperture nearly vertical, ovate, peristome
membranous, margins regular, the outer arched, columellar twisted,
rather thickened, entering spirally inwards, leaving about it a
small groove.
Length 1^, breadth 1 line.
Hab. Barnard Islands No. 3, North-East Australia.
This graceful species is closely allied to Tornatellina terrestris
Braz., two specimens found on bushes at the above Islands.
29. — Pupa (Vertigo) Macleayi.
Shell sinistral, perforated, ovately oblong, very thin, shining,
white, hyaline, finely striated, crossed with spiral striae, whorls 5,
convexly rounded, two centre large and ventricose, two upper
small, the last very small, somewhat conqjressed ; aperture small,
squai'ely oval, longer than broad, having 7 teeth, 3 on the centre
of the body whorl, the centre one elongated curved and rounded,
small one to the right and left, one long and broad on the inside of
the columella, three more situated inside the base, centre one deep
down opposite the one on the body whorl ; margins continuous,
the right slightly angled at the suture, joining the minute tooth
above, peristome thin and reflected, broadly expanded over the
perforation.
Length 1, breadth ^ line.
Hab. Bet, Sue, Nepean, Dungeness, and Warrior Islands,
Torres Straits.
30. — Pupina Crossei.
Shell oblong, ovate, solid, polished, shining, pellucid, smooth,
glossy, white or reddish horny, whorls 5, moderately convex, the
last in front small, penultimate little more than equal to those
above, aperture circular, vertical, produced rather obliquely out
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. Ill
wards ; peristome and auricles white, thickened, slightly expanded,
the upper oblique, with narrow cut to the suture, covered by a
large curved somewhat triangular callus plate, extending to the
centre of the whorl, deflected at the edge, the lower canal cutting
the coluniellar horizontally, having a small impressed plate above.
Length 3-J, breadth 2, height If, aperture 1 line.
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia.
The auricle at the upper part of the lip is the chief character
in this species ; it is cut to the suture, and the auricle extends up
to the centre of the penultimate whorl. It and Pupina Thom-
soni Forbes, need never be confounded with any other Australian
species. Four specimens found under decayed leaves, in wet
ground.
31. PUPINELLA CROSSEI.
Shell perforated, ovately oblong, rather thick, smooth, whitish
to pale reddish horny, very finely striated, whorls 6 to 6|, con-
vexly rounded, suture deep, spire tapering, obtuse at the apex,
aperture nearly vertical, circular, peristome continuous, with
callus deposit on the upper front, outer lip very much thickened,
reflected white, coluniellar slightly produced in the centre, having
a small narrow fissure nearly horizontal and entering spirally ;
umbilicus small, bordered below by a well marked obtuse keel
continuous with the spiral canal.
Length 6, breadth 2^, height 2£, aperture 1^ lines.
Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.
This species is characteristic of the genus, having a narrow
spiral canal at the base of the coluniellar, and the umbilicus
bordered with an obtuse keel, which forms the outside of the
narrow canal at the base of the columellar ; it reminds one of
the genus Cataulus, with its keel. Named after Mr. H. Crosse, of
Paiis, Director of the French Journal de Conchyliologie.
32. — Helicina Coxeni.
Shell trochiform, rather solid, reddish, marbled with opaque
white, spirally rugosely striated, whorls 4J, flattened, the last
large, somewhat angular in front, spire conoid, apex rather acute,
112 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
periphery carinated, more distinctly in front on body whorl ; base
convex, with finer lines, interior reddish brown, aperture diagonal,
triangular, peristome white, thickened, shortly expanded, angular
above, roundly produced in front, rounded below, joining the
columellar, which is rather straight, having a callus deposit.
Diam. Maj. 5h, min. 4J, alt. 4 lin.
Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea, found under leaves on the
ground.
33. — Helicina Macleayi.
Shell depressly globose, rather solid, somewhat rugosely striated,
having obsolete spiral ribs, intersected by minute decussating lines,
bright yellowish reddish or reddish brown, whorls 4|, slightly
convex, the last obscurely angled, suture deep, spire short, apex
papillose smooth, periphery slightly carinated, base with finer
strise, aperture diagonal, triangularly ovate, peristome white,
thickened and reflected, the columellar margin thickened with a
granulated deposit on the body whorl nearly extending up to the
right margin of the peristome ; operculum light brown, concave,
minutely granulated, inner edge very much thickened, outer thin.
Diam. Maj. 2, min. If, alt. 1J to \\ lin.
Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-East Australia, found
near the beach under dead leaves and broken coral.
34. — Helicina Maino.
Shell conoid, thin, shining, glossy, transparent, flesh colour,
having fine zig-zag white opaque lines with bright reddish streaks
spirally striated ; whorls 4|, flattened, the last equalling more
than half the whole length, suture moderately impressed, spire
conoid, apex pointed and granulated, periphery rounded, base
convex, more opaque than above, with thin granulated callus
between the margins, aperture oblique, somewhat triangular,
peristome granulated, slightly thickened and reflected, white,
roundly produced in front, triangular at the columellar which
is thickened, interior light reddish ; operculum yellowish brown,
concave in centre, surface granulated.
Diam. Maj. 3, min. 2£, alt. 2| lin.
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, only one specimen found.
of new south wales. 11?,
35. — Cyclophortjs (Ditropis) Beddomei.
Shell sub-orbicular, depressed, thin, whitish brown, striae rather
rugose, whorls 3|, the last large and flattened in front, having
two distinct spiral keels, one above the periphery and contiguous
to the suture, the other below, leaving a passage between them ;
the upper whorls smooth and convex, spire short, apex obtuse,
base angular, umbilicus wide and deep, encircled with a keel, and
having one well down, aperture oblique, somewhat circular,
peristome thickened, brown, margins appi*oxi mating and joined by
a thin callus plate, the right or upper considerably thickened, the
basal margin produced outwardly, columellar hollowed out and
slightly reflected at the umbilicus.
Diam. Maj. §, min. |, alt. -J- lin.
Hob. Cape York, North Australia.
This species differs from Gydophorus Whitei, Brazier, by being
more depressed, the keels only being contiguous to the suture
of the last whorl, and in the upper whorls being smooth, and the
peristome thicker ; it is in all respects a smaller shell.
Notes on a collection of geological specimens collected by William
M acle ay, Esq., F.L.S., President of the New South Wales
Linnean Society, Sydney, from the coasts of New Guinea,
Cape York, and neighbouring islands — by C. S. Wilkinson,
Government Geologist.
I have lately examined a small collection of geological specimens,
brought from the coast of New Guinea, by the President of this
Society, Mr. William Macleay, and which were collected by him
when on his recent tour of exploration in the Chevert.
These specimens consist of —
1. Quartz porphyry (Palaeozoic), from Cape York, found
underlying beds of Tertiary ferruginous sandstone.
2. Vesicular basalt and brecciated volcanic tufa (Upper
Tertiary), from Darnley Island.
114 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
3. Small concretions of limonite, with polished looking
surfaces, dredged up off the coast of New Guinea.
4. Specimens of chalcedony and flint, from Hall's Sound.
5. Oolite limestone (Tertiary), very friable, from Bramble Bay.
6. Yellow calcareous (Tertiary), clay, from Katau Biver.
7. Yellow and bine calcareous clays (Tertiary), from Yule
Island and Hall's Sound.
It is with reference more particularly to the fossiliferous el ays
that I would offer a few remarks.
These clays, as indicated by the fossils contained in them, belong
to the Lower Miocene Tertiary period.
So far as I am aware, this is the first notice of such fossils
having been discovered in New Guinea ; and this discovery of Mr.
Macleay's is the more interesting inasmuch as tbe Miocene marine
beds, which occupy a considerable area in Victoria and South
Australia, have nowhere been found on the eastern coast of Aus-
tralia, north of the Victorian border — Cape Howe. Referring to
this fact the Rev. W. B. Clarke says that, " throughout the whole
of Eastern Australia, including New South Wales and Queensland,
no Tertiary marine deposits have been discovered."
The comparison of this Miocene fauna from a locality so near
the Equator, with that from higher latitudes, will be important
work for a palaeontologist.
Professor M'Coy has already gone far to prove from the com-
parison of certain Miocene fossils, that the fauna of the Older
Tertiary period in Australia was not so restricted in its geo-
graphical range as it now is, but was then closely related generic. illy,
and even specifically, to many parts of Europe and America. Ami
I think that, perhaps, even the few fossils now before us may afford
some additional evidence in confirmation of the views of that
eminent Palaeontologist.
The Miocene clay beds of New Guinea, judging from the
specimens collected by Mr. Macleay, are exactly similar in litho-
logical character to the Lower Miocene beds near Geelong, and on
the Cape Otway coast in Victoria.
The fossils from Hall's Sound are unfortunately not in a good
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 115
state of preservation, being mostly imperfect casts ; but amongst
them appear to be the following genera : —
Valuta ma '.ropterU, a small specimen; Voluta anti-cinyidata, Qstrea,
Cythertza, Crassatella ? Pecten, Turritella, Natica, Iritoril Dolium!
Astarte, Corbula, Lceda, Venus, Cyi^rcea, 2 Echinoderms.
Most of the above I have found in the Viclorian beds, and two
of them have been figured and described by Professor McCoy in
his Decade No. 1 of the Palaeontology of Victoria.
The small specimen of calcareous clay from the Katau River on
the west side of the Gulf of Papua contains only a few broken
fragments of shells ; but it appears to be of the same formation as
the clay beds of Hall's Sound or Yule Island.
The oolitic limestone of Bramble Bay I believe to be also of the
upper beds of this Miocene formation.
Mr. Macleay, in his letter to the Sydney Morning Herald of
October 11, 1875, describes the formation of Yule Island as a sedi-
mentary rock, nearly horizontal on the sea face, but with a great
dip inwards. The rock itself is calcareous, and composed of corals,
shells, echini, &c. — in fact a concrete of fossils resembling the coral
rag of Oxford. Mr. D'Albertis also gives a similar description of
the formation of Yule Island, and mentions the occurrence of
basaltic trap in the valleys, and that the higher portions of the
hills, which attain a height of 700 or 800 feet above sea level, are
composed of coralline limestone. It is worthy of remark that in
Victoria the Miocene strata occur in a similar manner — yellow
and blue calcareous clays full of fossil shells, overlaid by thick
beds of coralline limestone consisting of an aggregate of commi-
nuted fragments of corals, shells, and echinoderms.
The discovery of these Miocene beds on the southern coast of
New Guinea is one of considerable importance. Their occurrence,
I believe, suggests the former land-connection of New Guinea with
the Australian continent, and this belief is further borne out by
the fact of the shallowness of the intervening sea, I am not aware
that any Miocene rocks have yet been identified as such on the
northern coast of the Cape York Peninsula ; but it is not impro-
bable that the ferruginous sandstone described by Mr. Macleay as
11G THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
overlying the porphyrinic granite at Cape York, and perhaps other
Tertiary deposits which may occur in that locality, may be corre-
lated with the Miocene beds on the opposite coast of New
Guinea.
Wallace, referring to this subject in his very interesting and
valuable work, The Malay Archipelago, says: — " It is interesting
to observe among the islands themselves how a shallow sea always
intimates a recent land connection." ..." We find that all
the islands from Celebes and Lombock eastward exhibit almost as
close a resemblance to Australia and New Guinea as the Western
Islands do to Asia." And again — " Australia, with its dry winds,
its open plains, its stony deserts, and its temperate climate, pro-
duces birds and quadrupeds which are closely related to those
inhabiting the hot damp luxuriant forests which everywhere
clothe the plains and mountains of New Guinea."
Baron von Mueller's rem arks on some of the Papuan plants col-
lected by Mr. Macleay are also evidence in favour of the former
land connection of New Guinea with Australia, so that our geolo-
gical evidence is supported by that of zoology and botany.
From geological data it is believed that this continent has not
been submerged to any great extent since the Lower Pliocene
period ; and we know that it has risen a little since the Upper
Pliocene epoch, at least in Victoria, for the lava flows of that age,
now forming the Werribee Plains, were submarine flows. And Mr.
Daintree, formerly Government Geologist of Queensland, shows,
in his pamphlet on the Geology of Queensland, that little upheaval
of this portion of Australia has taken place since the volcanic out-
bursts of a late Tertiary epoch. Now, it is in the Upper
Pliocene or Pleistocene deposits that are found the remains
of the gigantic marsupials — Diprotoclon, Macropus titan,
Nototherium, and others ; and, as their allied representatives,
now occupy both Australia and New Guinea, it is not improbable
that those gigantic animals, whose bones are found in Northern
Queensland, also roamed in both those countries. And, further,
as the luxuriant vegetation and climatic conditions which we
suppose to be favourable fiv the support of those immense
OF ' N EW SO UTH WAL ES. 117
marsupials, still exist in New Guinea, is it rash to conjecture that
some of these large creatures may not be living there at the
present time 1 Further researches may prove this.
I will conclude with the following very apposite extract from
Wallace's Malay Archipelago : —
" From this outline of the subject, it will be evident how
important an adjunct natural history is to geology ; not only in
interpreting the fragments of extinct animals found in the earth's
crust, but in determining past changes in the surface which have
no geological record. It is certainly a wonderful and unexpected
fact, that an accurate knowledge of the distribution of birds and
insects should enable us to map out lands and continents which
disappeared beneath the ocean long before the earliest traditions
of the human race. Wherever the geologist can explore the
earth's surface, lie can read much of its past history, and can
determine, approximately, its latest movements above and below sea
level ; but, wherever oceans and seas now extend, he can do
nothing but speculate on the very limited data afforded by the
depth of the waters. Here the naturalist steps in, and enables
him to fill up this great gap in the past history of the eai'tb."
MONDAY, 27th MAECH, 1876.
Captain Stackhouse, in the Chair.
MEMBERS ELECTED.
Eyre Goulburn Ellis, and E. Reading, Esqrs.
The following paper was read : —
List of Land Shells collected during the Che vert Expedition by
John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
1. — Helix (Thalassia) rustica.
. Helix rustica, Pfr. in Zeitscher, f. Malak, 1852, p. 112.
„ „ Pfr. Mon. Helic Viven, 1853, vol. 3, p. 63.
118 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Helix impexa, Reeve Conch Icon, 1852, sp. 795.
,, Crotali, Cox, Catalogue of Australian Land Shells, 1864,
p. 18.
,, rustica, Cox, Monog. Aust. Land Shells, 1868, p. 2, pi.
9, fig. 3.
Hab. Barrow and Palm Islands, North-east Coast of Australia.
2. — Helix (Thalassia) Yorkensis.
Helix Yorkensis, Pfr. Proc Zool, Soc, 1854, p. 145.
Pfr. Mon. Helic Viven, 1859, p. 29.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch Icon, 1854, sp. 1372.
,, ,, Cox, Monog. Aust. Land Shells, 1868, p. 31,
pi. 9, fig. 8.
Hab. Cape York, North Australia; also Palm Island, North-
east Coast.
3. — Helix (Thalassia) villaris.
Helix villaris, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1854, p. 146.
„ Pfr. Mon. Helic Viven, 1859, p. 47.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch Icon.. 1854, sp. 1375.
,, ,, Cox, Mcnog. Aust. Land Shells, 1868, p. 2, pi.
10, fig. 8.
Hab. Cape York and Albany Island, North Australia.
4. — Helix (Thalassia) Kreffti.
Helix Kreffti, Cox, Catalogue of Australian Land Shells, 1864'
p. 21.
„ Pfr. Mon. Helic Viven, 1868, p. 243.
Helix villaris, Cox, Non-Pfr. Monog. Aust. Land Shells, 1868,
p. 2.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
This species is larger than Helix villaris Pfr. The original
specimens of Helix Kreffti in Dr. Cox's collection, though said to
come from Cape York, are I believe, really from Darnley Island.
of new south wales. 119
5. — Helix (Thalassia) annulus.
Helix (Thalassia') annulus, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.,
page 100.
Hab. Katow River, New Guinea ; also Dungeness Island,
Ton-es Straits.
6. — Helix (Thalassia) Sappho.
Helix {Thalassia) Sappho, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.,
page 100.
Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.
7. — Helix (Thalassia) sp. 1
Hah. Cape York and Albany Island, North Australia.
8. — Helix (Thalassia) sp. 1
Hab. Mount Earnest Island, Torres Straits.
This species comes near Helix Kreffti, Cox. The specimens ob-
tained were collected by Mr. Beddome at the above locality and
given to me when at Cape York to be placed in the collection.
9. — Helix (Thalassia) sp. 1
Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-east Coast of Australia.
This species is allied to Helix rustica Pfr., but much flatter with
a broad margin at the suture.
10. — Helix (Thalassia) sp. 1
Six specimens of this species was found, but all dead and desti-
tute of colour.
11. — Helix (Discus) Lomonti.
Helix (Discus) Lomonti Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.
page 101.
Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.
12. — Helix (Conulus) turriculata.
Helix turriculata, Cox. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1867, p. 724.
120 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LTNNFAN SOCIETY
Helix turriculata (Conulus), Cox, Monog. Aust. Land Shells,
1868, p. 8, pi. 8, fig. 11.
Hab. Barnard Islands No. 3, North-east Coast of Australia.
13. — Helix (Conulus) Elleryi.
Helix (Conidus) Elleryi Brazier. Transactions Royal Soc.
N.S.W. 1874, p. 29.
,, „ „ „ Tine. Zool. Soc., 1874, p.
G68, pi. 83, figs. 3 and 4.
Hah. Barnard Islands No. 3, North-east Coast of Australia.
14. — Helix (Conulus) Russelli.
Helix (Conulus) Russelli Brazier. Transactions Royal Soc.
N.S. W. 1874, p. 29.
„ „ „ „ Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p.
668, pi. 83, figs. 13 and 14.
Hab. Barnard Islands No. 3, Home Islands, North-east Aus-
tralia ; Cape York, North Australia; Bet and Dai-nley Islands,
Torres Straits.
15. — Helix (Conulus) Maino.
Helix (Conulus) Maino Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.,
page 101.
Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.
16. — Helix (Conulus) Reedei.
Helix (Conulus) Reedei Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. ,
page 101.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
17. — Helix (Conulus Barnardensis.)
Helix (Comdus) Barnardensis Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S.W., page 102.
Hab. Barnard Islands No. 3, North-East Australia.
op new south wales. 121
18. — Helix (Conulus) Nepeanensis.
Helix (Conulus) Nepeanensis, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Sue. N.S.W.,
page 102.
Sab. Nepean and Cocoanut Islands, Torres Straits.
19. — Helix (Conulus) Starkei.
Selix (Conulus) Starlcei, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.,
page 103.
Sab. Yule Island, New Guinea.
20. — Helix (Conulus) pampini.
Selix (Conulus) pampini Cox. Monog. Aust. Land Shells 1868,
p. Ill, pi. 19, fig. 9.
Sab. Pahu, Fitzrov, and Barnard Islands, North-East Aus-
tralia ; Albany Island and Cape York, North Australia.
21. — Helix (Conulus ?) Pokti.
Selix. (Conulus'l) Porti, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Sou. N.S. \V. ,
page 104.
Sab. Albany Island, North Australia.
22. — Helix (Conulus 1) Gkenvillei.
Selix (Conulus 1) Grenvillei, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W.,
page 104.
Sab. Home Islands, North-East Australia.
23. — Helix (Patula) Spaldingi.
Selix (Patula) Spaldingi, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.,
page 103.
Sab. Cape York and Albany Island, North Australia ; Bet,
Sue, Cocoanut, and Warrior Islands, Torres Straits.
24. — Helix (Rhytida) Beddomei.
Selix (Rhytida) Beddomei, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.,
page 98.
Hab. Cape York and Albany Island, North Australia,
122 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
24a. — Helix (Rhytida) Franklandiensis.
Helix Franldandiensis, Forbes. Voyage H.M.S. Rattlesnake,
App. p. 379, pi. 2, tig. 2.
Pfr. in Mon. Helic, Viv. 1853, vol. 3, p. 103.
„ „ „ „ „ 1868, vol. 5, p. 166.
,, ,, (Patula) Cox Monog. Austr. Land Shells,
p. 27, pi. 3, tig. 7.
Ilab. Fitzroy Island, North-East Coast of Australia.
25. — Helix (Rhytida) Jamesi.
Helix (Rhytida) Jamesi, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., page
99.
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia.
26. — Helix (Rhytida) Hobsoni.
Helix (Rhytida) Hobsoni, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.,
page 99.
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia.
27. — Helix (Rhytida) sp. 1
Hab. Palm Island, North East Australia.
This species may prove to be only a vaiiety of Helic Strange i;
two specimens found.
28. — Helix (Rhytida) sp. 1
Hab. Brooke Island, North-East Australia.
Of this species only one was found ; too young to identify.
29. — Helix (Dorcasia) Dunkiensis.
Helix Dunkiensis, Foibes. Voy. Rattlesnake, App. p. 378,
pi. 2, tig. 7.
Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 756.
Pfr. Mon. Helic. Viven., 1853, vol. 3, p. 224.
(Galaxias) Cox, Monog. Austr. Land Shells,
1868, p. 43, pi. 8, tig. 9.
Ilab. Brooke Island, North-East Australia.
11
11
5)
11
11
11
of new south walks. 123
30. — Helix (Dorcasia) aridorum.
Helix avidorum, Cox, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 924.
„ (Gcdaxias) aridorum, Cox, Monog. Austr. Land-Shells,
1868, p. 44, pi. 11, fig. 16, 16a.
Hah. Fitzroy Island, North-East Australia.
31. — Helix (Ochthephila) D'Albertisi.
Helix (Ochthephila) D'Albertisi, Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc.,N.S. \V.,
page 104.
Hob. Yule Island, New Guinea.
32. — Helix (Trachia) Endeavourensis.
Helix (Trachia') Endeavourensis, Brazier Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871.
page 640.
Helix Endeavourensis (Trachia) Pfr. in Mon. Helic. Viv. 1875,
vol. 7, p. 427.
Hah. Mount Adolphus Island, near Cape York, North
Australia.
The specimens in the collection were received from Mr. Bed-
dome, when the Chevert was at. Cape York.
33. — Helix (Trachia) Delessertiana.
Helix Delessertiana, Le Guillou Revue Zool. 1842, p. 138.
Pfr. in Mon. Helic. Viv. 1853, vol. 3,
p. 157.
„ „ (Vallonia) Cox, in Monog. Austr. Land-
Shells, 1868, p. 61, pi. 5, figs. 8a, 8b.
Hah. Cape York and Albany Island, North Australia ; Bet
Sue, Cocoa Nut, Dungeness, and Darnley Islands, Torres Straits.
34. — -Helix (Trachia) Tuckeri.
Helix Tuckeri, Pfr. Mon. Helic Viv. 1848, vol. 1, p. 364.
1853, vol. 3, p. 236.
1875, vol. 7, p. 428.
Pfr. Reeve, Conch. Icon, sp., 633.
„ Strangulata, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pol. Sud. Moll,
fig. 1, 4.
!' »> ))
1) 5) )5
)5
124 THE PROCEEDIXGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, eight specimens
found. Albany Island, North Australia, twenty-eight found in
the crevices of stones. Sue and Cocoa Nut Islands, Torres
Straits, two found at each island.
35. — Helix (Trachia) cyclostomata.
Helix cyclostomata, Le Guill. Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 141.
Pfr. in Mon. Helic Viv. 1848, vol. 1, p. 378.
1853, vol. 3, p. 241.
1875, vol. 7, p. 441.
,, „ (Vallonia) Cox, Monog, Austr. Land Shells,
1868, p. 61, pi. 10, fig. 12.
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia, three specimens
found ; Cape York, fifty found ; Albauy Island, six hundred
found ; Cape Grenville, North-East Coast, eight found ; Bet, Sue,
and Warrior Islands, Torres Straits, thirty-three found.
36. — Helix (Hadra) bipartita
Helix bipartita, (Helicella) Fer. hist. t. 75 A. f. 1.
Pfr. in Mon. Helic. Viv. 1848, vol. 1, p. 319.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 350.
„ „ (Camaena) Cox, Monog. Austr. Land-Shells,
p. 54, pi. 5, fig. 7.
Helix Semibaclia Albers.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, Cape York, and
Albany Island, North Australia.
37. Helix (Hadra) semicastanea.
Helix semicastanea, Pfr. Mon. Helic Viv. 1853, vol. 3, p. 222.
,, ,, Reeve Conch. Icon. sp. 1348.
„ „ Albers Heliceen, eel. 2, p. 165.
Hab. Darnley, Sue, Bet, Warrior, Dungeness, Long, Nepean,
and Cocoa Nut Islands, Torres Straits.
38. — Helix (Hadra) Palmensis.
Helix ( Hadra) Palmensis, Braz. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.,
page 105.
Hab. Palm Island, North East Australia.
of new south wales. 125
39. — Helix (Hadra) Cookensis.
Helix (Hadra) CooJcensis, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, 1875,
P. 17.
Hah. Brooke Island, North East Australia.
40. — Helix (Hadra) sp. 1
Hah. Brooke Island, North East Australia.
Allied somewhat to Helix Palmensis, Braz. Only one specimen
found, and in a dead state.
41. — Helix (Hadra) Forsteriana.
Helix Forsteriana, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851, p. 254.
Pfr. Mon. Helic Viv. 1853, vol. 3, p. 153.
„ „ „ 1868, vol. 5, p. 377.
„ Cox, Monog. Aust. Land Shells, pi. 4,
55 55
fig. 8.
)5 55
,, „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 439.
„ Hetaera, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1860, p. 135.
„ „ Mon. Helic Viv., 1875, vol. 7, p. 377.
Hab. Barrow Island, North East Australia.
42. — Helix (Geotrochus) Macgillivrayi.
Helix Macgillivrayi, Forbes' Voyage H.M.S. Rattlesnake, App.,
p. 377, pi. 3, fig. 1.
„ „ Pfr. in Mon. Helic Viv., 1853. vol. 3,
p. 168.
,, „ „ Beeve, Conch. Icon., 357.
„ „ (Thersites) Cox, Monog. Austr. Land
Shells, p. 62, pi. 2, fig. 12.
Hab. Fitzroy Island, North. East Australia.
43. — Helix (Geotrochus) Yulensis.
Helix (Geotrochus) Yulensis, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.,
page 105.
Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.
120 the proceedings of the linneax society
44. — Helix (Geotrochus) Strabo.
Helix Geotrochus Strabo, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.,
page 106.
Hab. Katow River, New Guinea.
45. — Helix (Geotrochus) Siculus.
Helix (Geotrochus) Siculus, Braziei*. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.,
page 105.
Hub. Katow Piver, New Guinea.
46. — Helix (Geotrochus) Brazier.e.
Helix (Geotrochus') Brazierce, Urazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.,
page 107.
Hah. Yule Island, New Guinea.
47. — Helix (Geotrochus) Zeno.
Helix (Geotrochus) Zeno, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.
page 107.
Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea.
48. — Helix (Xanthomelon) Jannellei.
Helix J annelid, Le Guillou. Reeve, Zool., 1842, p. 137.
Pfr. in Mon. Helic Viv., 1848, vol. 1, p. 322.
„ „ „ „ „ „ 1868, vol. 5, p. 321.
„ 1875, vol. 7, p. 369.
„ „ (Galaxias) Cox, Monog. Aust. Land Shells, 1868,
p. 41, pi. 5, fig 4.
Helix pachi/styloides, Cox. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1867, p. 725.
Helix semicastanea, Cox, Monog. Aust. Land Shells, p. 56.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North East Australia ; Cape York, North
Australia.
49. — Bulimus Macleayi.
Bulimus Macleayi, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., page
108.
Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.
of new south wales. 127
50. — Bulimus Beddomei.
Bulimus Beddomei, Brazier. M.S.S.
Hab. Mount Ernest Island, Torres Straits.
This species conies so near to Bulimus Macleayi, Braz., that I will
keep the description back for the present, until we get more
specimens.
51. — Bulimus (Napaeus) pacipicus.
Pupa pacifica, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 31.
„ „ „ Mon. Helic. Viv. 1848, vol. 2, p. 309.
» „ ,, „ „ „ 1853, vol. 3, p. 532.
Bulimus pacificus „ „ ,, 1859, vol. 4, p. 414.
„ „ (Nap^us) Cox. Monqg. Aust. Land Shells, p. 68,
pi. 13, fig. 3.
Hab. Barrow, Fitzroy, and Home Islands, North-East Austra-
lia ; Cape Grenville, North-East Coast ; Cape York and Albany
Island, North Australia ; Sue, Warrior, Bet, Long, Dungeness,
and Cocoanut Islands, Torres Straits.
52. — Bulimus (Apeas) Tuckeri.
Bulimus Tuckeri, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 30.
„ Mon. Helic Yiv. 1848, vol. 2, p. 158.
» >, „ „ „ ,, 1868, vol. 6, p. 99.
„ Walli. Cox, Catalogue Aust. Land Shells, 1864, p. 24.
„ Pfr. in Mon. Helic. Yiv. 1868, vol. 6, p. 99.
„ Tuckeri. Cox in Monog. Aust. Land Shells, 1869, p. 69,
pi. 13, fig. 9.
,, „ Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 481.
Stenogyra Tuckeri (Opeas) Albers in Heliceen ed. 2, p. 265.
Hab. Barnard, Fitzroy, and Home Islands, North-East Austra-
lia ; Cape York and Albany Islands, North Australia ; Sue,
Warrior, Bet, Long, Dungeness, and Cocoanut Islands, Torres
Straits.
53. — ToilNATELLINA MASTERSI.
Tornatellina Masters*, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., page
108.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
128 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE L1NNEAN SOCIETY
54. TORNATELLINA GrENVILLEI.
Tornatellina Grenvillei, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., page
109.
Hab. Home Islands, North East- Australia ; Albany Island,
North Australia.
55.- -Tornatellina Petterdi.
Tornatellina Petterdi, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., page
109.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
56. — Tornatellina terrestris.
Tornatellina terrestris, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., page
109.
Hob. Yule Island, New Guinea.
57. — Tornatellina eucharls.
Tornatellina eucharis, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.,pagc
110.
Hab. Barnard Island, No. 3, North-East Australia.
58. — Pupa (Vertigo) Macdonnelli.
Pupa ( Vertigo') Macdonnelli, Brazier. Transactions Royal Sue.
N.S.W. 1874, p. 30.
„ „ „ „ Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p.
669, pi. 83, figs. 22 and 23.
Hab. Barnard Islands No. 3, North-East Australia ; Cape York,
North Australia.
59. — Pupa (Vertigo) Macleayi.
Pupa (Vertigo) Macleayi, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. , N.S.W.,
page 110.
Hab. Bet, Sue, Nepean, Dungeness, and Warrior Islands,
Torres Straits.
60. — Pupa (Vertigo) sp. 1
Hab. Cape York, North Australia.
One specimen only of this species was found, with imperfect lip.
of new south wales. 129
61. — Vitrina (Helicapjon) Brazieri.
Helicarion Brazieri, Cox. Prop. Zool. Soc, 1873, p. 151.
Hab. Fitzroy Island, North-East Australia.
62. — Vitrina sp?
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia.
63. —Vitrina sp 1
Bab. Palm Island, North-East^Australia.
These two species appear to me to differ very much from the
other known Australian species.
64. — Vitrina (Peltella) sp 1
Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-East Australia ; found on
trees. This species may he Vitrina Australis, Peeve, but I
cannot be sure of it, as the whorl on the base next the animal is
not preserved.
65. — Cyclophorus (Ditropis) Whiter
Cyclophorus (Ditropis) Whitei, Brazier. Transactions Royal Soc.
N.S.W., 1874, p. 30.
„ „ ,, „ Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874,
p. 669, pi. 83, figs. 5—7.
Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-East Australia.
66. — Cyclophorus (Ditropis) Beddomei.
Cyclophorus (Ditropis) Beddomei, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S.W., page 113.
Hab. Cape York, North Australia.
67. — Dermatocera vitrea.
Leptopoma vitrewm, Lesson. Voy. de la Coq., p. 346, pi. 13, fig. 6.
„ „ Pfr. in Mon. Pneum. Viven, 1852, vol. 1,
p. 101.
Dermatocera vitrea, H. and A. Adams. Gen. rec. Moll. II.,
p. 282.
„ „ Pfr. in Mon. Pneum. Viven, vol. 2, p. 77.
„ „ Cox in Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p. 98,
pi. 16, fig. 2.
Hab. Fitzroy Island, North-East Australia.
130 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
68. — PUPINELLA CROSSEI.
Pupinetta Crossei, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., page
111.
Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.
69. — Pupina Crossei.
Pupina Crossei, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., page 110.
Hab. Palm Island, North- East Australia.
70. — Pupina bilinguis.
Pupina bilinguis, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850, page 97.
„ „ „ Mon. Pneum. Viven, 1851, vol. 1, p. 142.
„ „ „ „ „ 1865, Supp, p. 94.
„ „ ,, Sowb. Thes. Conch., vol. 3, pi. 265, figs.
8, 9, 10.
„ „ „ Cox. Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p.
100, pi. 16, fig. Ga, 65.
Hab. Cape York and Albany Island, North Australia.
71. — Pupina Thompsoni.
Pupina Tltompsoni, Forbes, Voyage H.M.S. Rattlesnake; App.
p. 381, pi. 3, fig. 2.
„ „ Pfr. in Mon. Pneum. Viven, 1851, vol. 1,
p. 142.
» „ „ „ „ 1865, Supp.
p. 96.
„ „ Sowb. Thes. Conch, vol. 3, pi. 265, fig. 18.
„ „ Cox, Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p. 102,
pi. 16, figs. 12, 1 2a, 126
Hab. Fitzroy Island, North-East Australia.
72. DlPLOMMATINA GoWLLANDI.
Diplommatina Gowllandi, Brazier. Transactions Royal Soc,
N.S.W., 1874, p. 31.
„ „ „ Proc. Zool. Soc, 1874, p.
670, pi. 83, figs. 19—21.
Hab. Fitzroy Island, North-East Australia.
of new south wales. 131
73. — Helicina Coxeni.
Helicina Coxeni, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., page 111.
Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.
74. — Helicina Macleayi.
Helicina Macleayi, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., page
112.
Hub. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-East Australia.
75. — Helicina Maino.
Helicina Maino, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., page 112.
Hah. Katow, New Guinea.
76. — Helicina Yorkensis.
Helicina Yorkensis, Pfi. Proc. Zool. Soc." 1862, p. 277.
„ ,, ,, Mon. Pneum. Viven, 1865, sup. 2,
p. 228.
„ „ Sowb. Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 290, pi. 275,
figs. 342-343.
„ „ Cox, Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p. 108, pi.
17, fig. 16.
Hab. Barrow Island, North-East Australia.
*j
5? >>
77. — Helicina fumigata.
Helicina Goulcliana, Forbes. Voyage H. M.S. Rattlesnake, App.
p. 382, pi. 3, fig. 3 (non-Pfr.)
Pfr. in Mon. Pneum. Viven., 1852, p. 236.
» » „ „ Supp. 1858,
p. 207.
» „ „ „ „ „ Supp. 1865,
p. 236.
,, „ Cox in Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p. 108,
pi. 17, fig. 15.
„ fumigata Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 3, p. 290, pi. 275,
fig. 345.
Hab. Home Islands, North-East Australia.
132 the proceedings of the linxean society
78. — Helicixa reticulata.
Helicina reticulata, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18G2, p. 277.
,, ,, „ Mon. Pneum. Viv. Supp. 18G5, p.
235.
Sowb. Thes. Conch., vol 3, p. 287, pi. 272,
figs. 231-232.
„ „ Cox in Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p. 100,
Pl. 17, fig. 14.
Hab. Cape York and Albany Island, North-East Australia.
79. — Helicixa sp 1
Ilab. Palm Island, North-East Australia ; two specimens
found.
80. — Helicina sp 1
Ilab. Brook Island, North-East Australia ; one dead specimen
found.
81. — Truxcatella Yorkexsis.
Truncatella Yorkensis, Cox Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p. 93.,
pl. 15, fig. 11-lla.
Hab. Cape York, North Australia ; Warrior Island, Torres
Straits.
82. — Truxcatella ferrugixea.
Truncatella ferruginea, Cox Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p. 94.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia ; Cape York, North
Australia.
83. — Truxcatella teres.
Truncatella teres, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 336.
„ Monog. Auricul. Viv. 1856, p. 188.
Pneum. Viv. Supp. 1858, p. 7.
„ „ 1865, p. 7.
Cox, Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p. 92, pl. 15,
fig 9.
Hah. Barrow Island and Cape Crenville, North Australia.
55 55 55 55
5! 55 55 55
55 55
0.
of new south wales. 133
84. — Truncatella sp ?
Hah. Warrior Island, Torres Straits.
85. — Truncatella sp 1
Hah. Barrow Island, North-East Coast of Australia,
86. — Truncatella ■ — - sp 1
Hah. Katow, New Guinea.
MONDAY, APRIL 24th, 187(5.
William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.
NEW MEMBER PROPOSED.
Mr. William Macdonnell.
The following papers were read : —
Description of a supposed new species of Fruit Pigeon, from
Malacola, one of the New Hebrides Islands, S. S. j proposed
to be called Ptllhiopus Gorriei — byE. Pierson Kamsay,E.L.S.,
Curator of the Australian Museum, Sydney.
Ptilinopus Corriei, sj). nov.
Male. — The whole of head, chin, and throat, olive green,*
becoming bright green on the neck and occiput ; the whole
of the remainder of the upper and under surface bright deep
green ; the wing quills deep golden green, mesially, shaded
with black ; the inner webs of the primaries black towards the
middle and basal portion of the feather. The three inner second-
aries and their corresponding coverts of the larger series only
having an oblique oblong blotch of bright golden yellow at their
tip, which on the secondaries is confined to the outer web only
the smaller wing-coverts at the bend of the wing adjacent to the
* These parts may have originally beeu bright green, like the rest of the
body.
134 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
scapulars having a roundish, crescentic, or cordate spot of white (?) *
near the tips of the feather — some show a green shaft line and a mar-
gin of green round the tip ot the feather; under wing-coverts, green;
the outer series, ashy ; under surface of the wings, ashy brown ;
under surface of the tail, ashy brown, becoming lighter towards the
base, and crossed conspicuously near the tip with a band of light
ashy grey, upper surface, green, the grey band not so conspicuous ;
the inner portion of the legs, and lower part of the abdomen, yel-
lowish (much faded) ; under tail-coverts, yellow, blotched with
oblong marks of green on inner webs ; the thighs, outer feathered
portion of the legs, and the flanks bright green, like the rest of the
body ; tail of 14 feathers — square, even ; of the wings the third,
fourth, and fifth feathers are nearly equal and longest ; bill, legs,
and feet, bluish lead colour ; tarsi not feathered to the toes, lower
portion scaled in front ; total length 9-5 inches; wing 6*3; tail
34 ; bill from forehead, OS ; from gape 1 inch; tarsi 9"5.
This description has been taken from a mounted spirit-specimen,
the sides of the neck and interscapular region somewhat discoloured.
The head is at present of a uniform olive green, and may be dis-
coloured, but, from the uniformity of the tint and its blending
with the green on the occiput and. neck, I am inclined to believe
that olive green, or perhaps, greyish olive green, was its original
colour. The broad bright deep yellow blotches on the tips of some
of the inner secondaries and the corresponding similar markings on
three of the larger series of the wing-coverts just above them, show
very conspicuously on the bright deep golden-green of the quills.
In form, this species is much like that of a Treron ; it is a
robust, compact, and strong made bird ; the texture of the feathers,
resembling that of Chryscena viridis (E.S.L.) ; the feet approach,
especially in the strong and long hind toe, those of a Carpophaga.
The only specimen we possess was obtained by Dr. A. Coi'rie,
during the cruise of H. M. S. " Pearl," about August, 1875, at the
Island of Malacola, one of the New Hebrides group, and presented
to the Museum in October last. I have named this fine species in
honour of its discoverer, a gentleman much devoted to the cause of
science.
* These spots are much discoloured, and may have been light yellow.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 135
Description of a new species of Plover, from North Australia — by
E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., Curator of the Australian
Museum, Sydney.
^EGIALITIS MASTERSI, Sj). 110V.
Adult Male. — All the upper surface of the wings, back, and
rump, brown ; the margins of the feathers, paler ; the primaries
and primary coverts, blackish brown, almost black on the outer
webs and tips of the primary quills, the whole of the shaft of the
first primary, except at the tip, and of the remainder the central
portion of the apical third of the shafts, white ; secondaries dark
brown, narrowly margined with white at the tips and along the
outer web for a short distance, and a narrow line of white along
the shaft on the outer web ; the inner five of the primaries having
an irregular elougated patch of white on the outer web, about the
central portion of the feathers; the outer series of all the wing-
coverts margined with white at the tips ; the side feathers on the
rump white, or broadly tipped with white ; the upper tail-coverts
brown, more or less tipped and widely margined with white to a
greater extent on the outer series ; axillaries and under surface of
the wing white ; the marginal feathers of the shoulders below,
in some, brown, margined with white ; the outer series of the under
wing-coverts, ashy grey, margined and tipped with white ; some
of the side feathers adjacent to the fianks brown, margined with
white, or, in some white mesially shaded with brown ; centre of
the lower portion of the breast, abdomen, flanks, thighs, and
under tail-coverts white ; throat and sides of the neck, from below
the ear-coverts to the chest, snow-white, bounded by a narrow line
of black feathers ; lores, forehead, sides of the face, and ear-
coverts black, a roundish white spot on either side on the fore-
head, just over the lores ; a small linear mark of white, under the
lower eyelid ; eyelids black ; the remainder of the head chestnut,
mixed with brown on the crown ; sides of the occiput, nape, and
the whole of the hind neck and upper part of the interscapular
region extending across the chest and breast, deep chestnut ; sides
of the chest extending nearly to the flanks, lighter chestnut ;
136 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
feathers on the central portion of the breast below, narrowly
margined with dull white ; tail brown, the two outer feathers,
broadly margined with white, or altogether white, mesially shaded
with brown towaixls the tip ; total length from tip of bill, 7'6
inches ; bill from forehead, 0*7 ; from gape 0"8 ; from the anterior
or margin of nostril 043 ; wing 5-15 ; tail 2-2 ; tarsus 1*15.
Hab. — North-East of Australia, from Rockingham Bay to Cape
York.
Remarks. — This line species, which I have named after Mr.
George Masters, to whose exertions the fine collection of Aus-
tralian birds and mammals in our Museum is mainly due, is most
nearly allied to Hiaticida inornata of Gould.
Description of a New Pupina collected during the Chevert Expedi-
tion, by John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
Pupina nitida.
Shell ovate, thin, polished, shining, transparent, smooth, pale
reddish horny, spire ovately conical, apex somewhat acute, whorls
5h, moderately convex, penultimate whorl largely inflated, last as
seen in front equal with the one above, suture slightly impressed?
having a reddish line running spirally to the apex ; aperture ver-
tical, circular, continuous on the body whorl, peristome and auricles
white or pale brown, thickened, upper channel rather narrow,
cut well down in the aperture, and on the outer side vertical
to the suture, and covered by a triangular plate, lower channel
obliquely cutting the columellar deep down on the inside of the
aperture, and covered by small thickened plate.
Length 4\, breadth 21 lines at penultimate whorl, and 1£
line at third whorl from aperture. Aperture 1^- line broad.
Hah. Barrow Island, North-East Australia.
/ OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 137
This species is closely allied to Pup'ma ventrosa, Dohrn ; it is,
however, larger and more inflated, the peristome is continuous
forming a raised ridge on the body whorl, and the auricles are more
thickened.
MONDAY, 29th MAY, 1876.
William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.
The following Donations were announced . —
Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales for
1874, by the Society; Part I. of Catalogue of Birds Australian
Museum, by the Curator ; Vols. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the Proceedings of
the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, by the
Society; six published papers on the " Structure of Teeth," thir-
teen on the " Microscopical Structure of Fossil Teeth," and a list
of Palaeozoic Fishes, by the author, W. J. Barkas, M.R.C.S.E.
NEW MEMBER PROPOSED.
Mr. W. J. Barkas, Surgeon, Bombala.
MEMBER ELECTED.
Mr. William Macdonnell.
The following papers were read : —
THE ARANEIDES OF THE "CHEVERT" EXPEDITION,
By H. H. B. Bradley, Esq.
(See plates.)
Part I.
Class Condylopoda, Labrellie.
Sub-Class Arachnida.
Order Araneidea.
I. Orbitelari^e.
1. Epeirides.
A. Epeirines.
138 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Gasteracantha, Sund.
G. variegata, Walch.
Plectana variegata Walck His. Nat. des Ins. Apt. vol. 2,
p. 160.
G. variegata L. Koch Arach. Aust., p. 2, pi. 1, fig. 1.
Five females from Palm Island, Cleveland Bay; one female from
Katow, New Guinea ; the specimens described by Walcknaer
are from Port Dorey, New Guinea.
G. minax, Thor.
G. minax. Thor. nya exostisca Epeirider in oefvers of kongl.
bet akad Forhandl xv., 1857, p. 301.
G. minax. Thor. kongl. Suenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa
Zool. Arach. 1, p. 21, 1865.
G. minax L. Koch Arach. Aust., p. 10.
G. flavomaculata Keyserling Beitr. zur kenntn. den orbitelse
in dem verhandl der k. k. Zool. Bot. Geselschaft in
Wien xv., p. 801, t. xix., f. 819.
Two females from Percy Island. The specimens described by Dr.
Koch are from Sydney, where this species is tolerably common.
G. suminata, L. Koch.
G. suminata L. Koch Arach. Aust., p. 11, p. 1, f. 7.
Two females much damaged, from Hall Sound. The specimens
described by L. Koch are from Viti Levu.
G. sacerdotalis, L. Koch.
G. sacerdotalis, L. Koch Arach. Aust. 198, f. 1.
Six females (one immature) from Percy Island ; one female from
Cape York. The specimens described by Dr. Koch are from
Bowen.
G. crucigera, N.S.
Cephalothorax as long as broad, glabrous, blueish-black above
mandibles, same colour ; fangs, reddish-brown ; maxellse and
labium, reddish-brown, lighter towards the tips ; sternum, reddish-
brown, Avith a single white (yellowish) spot corresponding to each
leg, also a similar spot at the posterior part ; legs, yellowish-brown,
gradually darker towards the claws.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 139
Abdomen glabrous, twice as broad as long, triangular, the apex
being in front furnished with six spikes, of which two — very-
strong — form the angles at the base of the triangle ; these are
orange colour tipped with black : two other spikes — black — are
placed nearly one-third of the distance from the former to the
apex of the triangle ; the remaining two, also black, are placed in
the base of the triangle, and are each about twice as far from the
first- mentioned pair as they are from one another. The remain-
ing upper surface of the abdomen is greyish yellow with two
broad reddish-black stripes extending along the sides from near
the apex of the triangle to the base of the first mentioned spikes ;
there are four small round punctured spots on each of these
stripes, the centre of each spot being raised ; below these stripes
are corresponding yellow stripes. There are two short dark
stripes in prolongation of the large spikes, on each of which
are two punctured spots similar to those above-mentioned ; down
the centre there is a fine dark line with a cross line about one-third
of its length from the anterior part forming a cross ; between the
anterior parts of the latitudinal stripes are two spots similar to
those described above, at the ends of the arms of the cross are two
more, and between these and the cross stripes are two more ; below
these stripes are four very minute spots placed transversely, the un-
derside is reddish-brown covered with small yellow spots. Length
and breadth of cephalothorax, 1 line; length of abdomen, 2^ lines ;
breadth, exclusive of spikes, 5 lines ; these (the lateral posterior
spikes) are 1 line in length, the front pair about half that length.
This species is from Hall Sound, New Guinea, where it seems
very numerous, there being 31 specimens (females, three imma-
ture). There is but little variation, except that the black stripe
along the sides of the abdomen varies in width.
Tholia, L. Koch.
This very interesting genus was founded by Dr. L. Koch on
specimens in the Museum Goddeffroy, and the Museum in Vienna,
and placed by him among the Orbitelari?e. I have myself caught
specimens of two different new species of this genus, and in neither
case did I find any web. My own experience is that neither Tholia,
140 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Cystarachne, nor Celcenia (Thlaosoma) build any web ; the two
latter genera I had opportunities of watching during weeks, when I
have almost day after day found them occupying a position on the
lower side of a leaf (magnolia or loquat) where, if they had
any web, I must have seen it. These genera may all be obtained
by beating branches of trees over an umbrella or cloth. I have
found Tholia in Sydney and at Mount Victoria, 3000 feet above
the sea.
Tholia Macleayi. N.iS.
Cephalothorax, dark reddish-brown above a deep furrow sepa-
rating the caput ; abdomen projecting over the cephalothorax as
far as the second pair of legs where there is a slight transverse
band of greyish hairs ; mandibles, reddish-brown, fangs being
slightly darker ; maxilhe yellowish red tipped with fawn ;
labium red : sternum, reddish-brown ; palpi same colour mode-
rately furnished with short hairs.
Legs, 1st, 2nd, and 4th pairs have the coxal and exinquinal
red; femoral red, tipped with dark reddish brown, genural dark
reddish-brown ; tibial, light reddish-brown with dark transverse
bands in the centre and at the tip ; metatarsi light reddish-brown ;
tarsi darker ; the 3rd pair is the same colour without the dark
bandings.
Abdomen of a generally triangular form, the base being in front,
tuberculated or furrowed above, and of a reddish brown colour,
the prominent marking being two dark spots, each about equidis.
tant from the side to the centre of the abdomen ; between these is
a lighter coloured space, having in its centre a longitudinal line of
four small tubercles, on either side of which (at the front of the
abdomen) is a round depression with a minute tubercle in its
centre ; next come two eliptical depressions ; then at the side are
three round depressions ; placed between these and the dark spots
before mentioned are two small round depressions ; about midway
from the lower of the three lateral depressions to the point of the
triangle is a moderate- sized tubercle ; at the termination of the
central line of tubercles, are five transverse furrows of a darker
colour, having ridges more or less tuberculated between them
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 141
Below, the part immediately around the vulva is of a yellowish
red, vulva being dark reddish brown ; spiracular plates are also
marked by two curved dark lines ; below these the colour is
dark brown, almost black ; the sides curve over a little, and under
this curve is a line more or less broken into spots of "silvery
white.
Length of cephalothorax, 2 lines; breadth, 1| lines; length of
abdomen, 3 lines — but it projecting one line over the cephalotho-
rax, leaves total length 4 lines ; breadth of abdomen, 4 lines.
This species is from Palm Island, Cleveland Bay. there being
but one specimen — a female.
Argiope, Sav. and Aud.
A. regalis, L, Koch.
A. regalis, L. Koi;h, Arach. Aust., p. 36, pi. iii., fig. 4.
Two females, one immature (?) from Cape York ; one female, from
Katow, New Guinea ; one female from Percy Island ; one
female (immature) from Barnard Island, varies in having the
bandings of the legs very distinct, the light marking being a
light yellow, the dark bands being a dark reddish brown ; in
an immature female from Cocoanut Island, the leg marks are
very indistinct, and the first band on the abdomen is broken
into three distinct spots ; the second band is very indistinct,
with four spots of a lighter colour.
The type specimens are from Port Mackay.
A . picta, L. Koch. t
A. picta, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 36, pi. iii., fig. 3.
One .female from Hall Sound, New Guinea ; one female from
Katow. Dr. Koch describes specimens from Port Mackay.
A variabilis, Ar.S.
This insect, in its shape and colour closely resembles A. regalis.
The cephalothorax, however, is longer than broad — 3 J lines long,
3 broad ; the different parts of the mouth and the sternum are, in
shape and colour, as in A. reyalis.
142 THK PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Legs reddish, with dark brown bands embracing the coxal, exin-
quinal, the lower and upper parts of the femoral, the whole of the
genual, the lower and upper parts of the tibial and of the metatar-
sus, and the whole of the tarsus ; the legs are tolerably well fur-
nished with hairs and spines throughout.
Abdomen 5 lines long, 4 broad ; above of a dark reddish brown,
with three broad bands of yellowish white ; the first, from the
front, leaves a narrow space of dark reddish brown in front; between
the three bands are two spaces, each as broad as the light bands,
the last band being at the broadest part of the abdomen, and ter-
minating between two lateral tubercles of moderate size ; below
this band the dark colour is broken by two almost imperceptible
bands of a lighter shade of brown, immediately above each of
which are five minute equidistant white spots, extending across the
abdomen ; immediately below each of the two upper, and iipon the
lower bands, are two pits, the centre pair being much largest and
deepest ; on the under side are two yellowish white bands, extend-
ing from the epigyne beyond the spinnerets ; these are slightly
broadest at the upper part, and narrowest about the centre, where
they are crossed by a long white spot ; epigyne nearly black, the
part above it being yellowish white; below the epigyne, and
within the lines, the colour is dark brown, yellowish in the centre,
where are six long-shaped transverse white spots, arranged in
pairs ; immediately above the spinnerets is a longitudinal strip of
yellow.
Spinnerets yellowish brown ; outside the lines the colour is dark
brown, marked with white or yellowish spots.
This species comes very close to A. regalis, but the lateral tuber-
cles, and the markings on the underside of the abdomen, lead me
to consider it a separate species, and not a variety. Two speci-
mens— from Darnley Island and Sue Island, Torres Straits ; a
specimen from Cocoanut Island shows the second transverse
band on the upper side of the abdomen broken into four distinct
spots ; the third band is darker in parts, seeming at first sight,
also, almost like four spots ; the underside is the same, but the
longitudinal lines are slightly broader. A specimen from Darnley
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 143
Island, I believe, also belongs to this species ; the ground colour of
the abdomen is much lighter, and the second and third lines, broken
into spots, are rather indistinct ; other specimens, from War-
rio\ and Sue Island, gradually merge the three transverse bands,
until in some specimens (from Cocoanut, Darnley, and Sue Islands,
and from Hall Sound) the three bands become one white patch,
covering the whole of the upper side of the abdomen as far as the
second pair of lateral tubercles ; the markings on the underside
vary but slightly, and only in respect of the lines and spots being
more or less distinct, the general form being traceable in all. I
have felt great difficulty in dealing with this species, but the spe-
cimens run so much one into the other as to convince me of their
being but varieties. All the specimens are females.
A lunata N.S.
Cephalothorax about as long as broad, and otherwise closely
resembling A. regalis. The parts of the mouth are also similai^
but the palpi are light yellowish colour, with darker bands at the
upper part of cubital and radial ; the sternum is bright golden
yellow. Below the sternum is a small spot of the same colour.
Legs of a reddish-brown colour, the first and second pairs with
bands of silvery hairs, two on the femoral, and one on the
tibial; in the third and fourth pairs these only appear in the
tibial.
Abdomen above of an uniform dark-brown, with one trans-
verse half-moon shaped white band at the front part, the points
being towards the front ; on the underside, dark reddish-brown,
with two white bands broken into spots, extending from the
epigyne,past the spinnerets, which are a lighter colour ; in the centre
of the space are three oblong white spots, placed longitudinally,
and six oblong white spots, placed transversely in pairs, between the
outer and centre lines ; towards the sides the colour gradually
changes to a light greyish brown, with minute spots of a dai'ker
colour.
Two specimens, from Sue and Cocoanut Islands, Torres
Straits, show but little variation — that from Sue Island being
slightly darker.
144 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
A. protensa, L. Koch.
A protensa Koch Arach. Aust., p. 211, pi. xviii., fig. 8.
One female, from Cape Grenville, much damaged, seems to belong-
to this species ; the type specimen is from Bovven.
Epeira, Watch
1st Group.
E. trigona, L. Koch.
E. trigona Koch Arach. Aust., p. 50, pi. iv. fig. 1.
One female from Hall Sound, New Guinea. The specimens
described by L. Koch are from Port Mackay, Queensland.
E. biapicata, L. Koch.
E. biapicata L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 54, pi. iv. fig. 4.
Two females, from Katow, and four females from Darnley
Island. The specimens described by L. Koch are mentioned
merely as from New Holland.
E. producta, L. Koch.
E. producta, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 55, pi. iv., figs. 5, 6,
and 7.
Two very young female specimens from Hall Sound, and a
specimen from Percy Island (female), immature, and so
damaged as to be almost undistinguishable ;.seem to belong to
this very variable species. The specimens described by Dr.
Koch are from Brisbane, Rockhampton, Sydney, and New
Holland ; the latter would, perhaps, be the best habitat to
give, as this species is, to my knowledge, found from Sydney to
Cape York.
4th Group.
E. mangareva, L. Koch.
E. mangareva, L. Koch, Arach. Aust. p. 85, pi. vii., fig.
4 and 5.
Five females, one immature, from Hall Sound ; six females, from
Percy Island ; one male from Hall Sound ; a male, immature,
and a female, from Katow. The specimens described by Dr.
Koch are from Port Mackay, Bowen, Tonga, Fiji, Upolu,
Rorotonga, and New Holland.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. \4H
E. maritima, Keys.
E. maritima, E. Keyserling, Bertrage zur kenntn. der
Orbitela; in dem Verlianl, der k-k, zool-bot. Geselschaft
zu Wien Jahrg, 1865, p. 813, T. xviii., figs. 22 and 23.
E. maritima, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 91.
E. cylindroides (?) Walck Hist. Nat. des Ins. Apt., vol. II.
p. 136.
Three females from Hall Sound ; two females from Cocoanut
Island • two females from Warrior Island ; and one female, each,
from Katow, Sue Island, and Bet Island. L. Koch refers to
specimens from Pelew, Fiji, and Bowen. The colour varies a
little in shade in the different specimens, and the bandings on
the legs are very distinct in some young specimens. There is also
a young specimen (female) from Sue Island, which approaches
closely to this species ; the pattern on the upper and lower sides
of the abdomen is different : the legs are much slighter, and,
altogether, the insect seems to belong to a different species, but
it is much too immature to be described with safety.
E. Macleayi, N. S.
Cephalothorax much longer than broad, the caput being high ;
the four centre eyes are veiy close together ; the laterals at the
sides of the caput ai'e also close to one another; colour of cepha-
lothorax dull yellowish red, the caput being a light reddish yellow ;
legs palpi sternum and mandibles same colour, fangs red.
Legs moderately long — first pair, 3 lines long ; abdomen oval,
fawn colour, covered closely with minute silvery hairs, with 8
pits, in 2 longitudinal lines ; between these lines is a longitudinal
line of faint white ; the abdomen slightly overlaps the cepha-
lothorax.
Length of cephalothorax, 1| lines; of abdomen, 2 lines: total
length, 3 lines ; one female, from Hall Sound. There is, also,
apparently, another specimen, from Percy Island, but so damaged
as to be indistinguishable.
1 40 tttf. proceedings of the linnban society
5th Group.
E. Mastersii, N. S.
Cephalothorax longer than broad ; the general form of cepha-
lothorax, mandibles, maxilla?, and sternum, closely resemble E.
Graeffii, to which this species is closely allied ; colour, light reddish
yellow, with a dark band on each side of the caput ; mandibles,
reddish ■ fangs, reddish-brown ; legs moderately long, same
colour as cephalothorax, maxilla? same coloiu*.
Abdomen, slightly overlapping the cephalothorax, oval, slightly
wider at the posterior part ; above of a light yellowish grey, with
two longitudinal lines of brown spots of a half-moon shape,
posterior brown ; the underside is of the same yellowish grey
colour; the part between the epigne and the spinnerets being
a brown shield-shaped spot ; on each side are three long brown
accentuate spots.
Length of cephalothorax, 1^ to 2 lines ; of abdomen, 2 to 2£
lines ; total, 3 to 4 lines.
A female from Percy Island ; five females and two males (one
immature) from Cocoanut Island ; two females and a male from
Sue Island ; two females from Cape Grenville.
The male is coloured and marked as the female ; the only differ-
ence is, that it is smaller and propoi-tionately slighter. The speci-
mens vary but very little
6th Group.
E. pthisica, L. Koch.(1)
E pthisica, L. Koch, Ai'ach. Aust., p. 103, pi. viii., fig. 5.
An immature female from Hall Sound seems to belong to this
species, which was first described by Dr. Koch from specimens
from Port Mackay, Queensland.
10th Group.
E. strangulata, L. Koch,
E. strangulata, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 118, pi. ix., fig. f>.
Ten females from Hall Sound, and one from Darnley Island, vary-
ing very much in colour and pattern of marking. I have with
OF NEW SOT'TTI WALES. 147
great hesitation referred to this species, though it is possible that
examination of a larger number of specimens may show two species,
particularly with regard to a damaged specimen from Hall
Sound, the cephalothorax of which is light yellow, marked with
a brown longitudinal central band, and two brown lines marking
the caput. But, with only one damaged specimen of this type,
I have not felt justified in forming a new species. The general
form of the cephalothorax and parts, and the marking of the
legs, being the same as the other specimens. The type specimens
are from Viti Leva and Upolu.
11th Group.
E. caudata, N.S.
Cephalothorax cordate, as long as broad ; caput high, narrow,
and tolerably distinct, covered with short hairs ; color of cephalo-
thorax grey ; legs and palpi moderately short, yellowish grey,
banded with brown ; mandibles reddish brown ; maxillae yellowish
grey ; sternum oval, reddish brown.
Abdomen rounded in front and gradually broader, nearly as far
as the spinnerets (half its length), after which it suddenly contracts
into a tail ; colour above greyish ; the underside, as far as the
spinnerets, is a dark brown, with a white spot above and another
below the epigyne, and two white spots or lines enclosing a cordate ;
spot of brown extending nearly from the epigne to the spinnerets
these last white spots are narrowest in the centre ; the remainder
of the underside grey.
Length of cephalothorax, lh lines; of abdomen, 4 lines.
One female from Hall Sound. This is quite a new form of the
tailed Epeiras, and should perhaps form the type of a new group,
the cephalothorax and caput being very different from those of the
other species forming this group. ,
Ebaea (L. Aoch.)
E. prcecincta L. Koch.
E. prrecincta L. Koch., Arach. Aust., p. 130, pi. x., fig. 2.
One female (? mature) from Palm Island. The species described
by Dr. Koch are from Samoa.
14N THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Meta (0. Koch.)
M. gramdata Walck.
Tetragnatha gi-anulata Walck Hist. Nat. des Ins. apt iii., p.
222. Tetragnatha grannlata, L. Koch Beschrieb neuer
arach. unci niyr. in den verhandl. der k. k. zool bot
Geselschaft zu Wien Jahrq, 1867, p. 185. Meta grann-
lata Koch, arach. aust., p. 136, pi. 10, fig. 5.
One female from Percy Island ; three females from Hall Sound.
These specimens show a gradual disappearance of the
dark markings on the upper side of the abdomen. One
female from Bet Island seems to belong to this species,
but it is too crushed for certain recognition.
M. decorata. Blackiv.
Tetragnatha decorata Blackvv. aim and mag. Nat. Hist., July,
1864.
Tetragnatha decoi'ata Camb. Linnean Soc.'s Journal Zool.,
vol. x., p. 389, pi. xiii., figs. 61 to 68.
Meta decorata L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 141, pi. xi., fig. 5.
Two females from Hall Sound. The specimens previously described
are from Bombay, Ceylon, Bowen, and Port Mackay.
M. striatipes, JV.S.
Cephalothorax longer than broad, yellowish grey above ; caput
marked by a furrow ; about the same height as cephalothorax ;
mandibles, maxilla?, and labium brownish red ; sternum yellowish
grey ; legs yellowish grey, with a black band at the genual and
lower end of the tibial, brownish grey towards the tarsi ; the
third pair want the dark bands.
Abdomen long, narrow, high in front, where it is widest, and
extending but a short distance beyond the spinnarets ; silvery grey
above, with a light brownish-grey longitudinal mark extending
half way down the centre ; sides same colour, with two longitu-
dinal marks of silver grey ; under side light grey.
Length of abdomen, 4 lines ; of cephalothorax, 1 line.
OF .NEW SOUTH WALES. 149
Nephila, Lencli.
N. venom, L. Koch.
N. venosa L. Koch Beschriel), Neur Arach. and Myr. in
den verhandl der k. k. Zool. Bot., Geselschaft zu Wien,
1867, p. 183.
N. venosa, L. Koch. Arach. Aust., p. 148, pi. xii.,fig. 1.
Females from Cape York, Hall Sound, Cocoanut Island, New
Guinea ; the type species are from Rockhampton, Brisbane, Port
Mackay, and Ovalau.
N. nigritarsis, L. Koch.
N. nigritarsis L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 152, pi. xii., fig. 4
Females from Warrior Island, Hall Sound, New Guinea, Long
Island, Cape Grenville ; the type specimens are from Rock-
hampton and Port Mackay.
N. fuscipes, C. Koch.
N fuscipes, C. Koch, die Arach. Bd. vi., p. 136, T. ccxii.,
fig. 528.
Epeira fuscipes, Walck, Hist. Nat. des his., Apts., T. ii., p. 97,
N 89.
Nephila fuscipes, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 156, pi. xiii.,
fig. 1.
Females from Darnley Island, Cape Grenville, Cape York, and
Hall Sound. Dr. Koch mentions this species as found at
Pelew Island, Port Mackay, Rockhampton, Bowen, and Port
Denison.
N. imperatrix, L. Koch.
N. imperatrix, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 159, pi. xiii., fig. 3.
Females from Cape York and Percy Island ; the type specimens
are from Port Mackay, Rockhampton, and Bowen. I have my-
self found this species near Sydney.
150 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
iV. procera, L. Koch.
N. procera, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 162, p. xiv., fig. 1.
Females from Palm Island, Katow, and Hall Sound, the latter are
the largest insect, but I cannot distinguish them from this
species ; the type specimens are from Port Mackay and Bowen.
Tetragnatha, Latr.
T. ferox, L. Koch.
T. ferox, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 173, pi. xiv., f. 415.
Two females from Katow ; the types are from Bowen, Port Deni-
son, Port Mackay, and Rockhampton.
T. cylindrica, Walclc. (?)
T. cylindrica, Walck. His. Nat. des Ins Apt., T. ii., p. 210.
T. cylindrica, E. Keyserling Beitrage zur Kenntniss der
Orbitila? in dem verhandl der k. k. Zool. bot.,
Geselsch zu Wien, Jahrg., 1865, p. 842, T. xx., f. 18
and 19.
T. cylindrica, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 18, p. xv., fig. 3.
One female from Hall Sound. Dr. Koch describes specimens as
from Sydney.
T. bituberculata, L. Koch.
T. bituberculata, L. Koch, Beschrieb, nuer Arach. und Myr
in den verhandl der k. k., Zool. bot., Geselsch zu Wien,
Jahgr., 1867, p. 184.
T. bituberculata, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 183, pi. xv.,
fig. 5.
Two females (one immature) from Katow ; the specimens described
by L. Koch are from Rockhampton, Bowen, Brisbane, Port
Denison, and Port Mackay.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 151
A list of the PJeurotoinidaj collected during the Chevert Expedi-
tion, with the description of the new species — by John
Brazier, C.M.Z.S.L.
Family Pleurotomid.e.
Sub-Family Pleurotomin^e.
1. — Pleurotoma violacea.
Pleurotoma violacea, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 38.
„ „ Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 22, sp. 186.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North East Coast of Australia, 20
fathoms ; Princess Charlotte Bay, North East Australia, 1 4
fathoms ; Cape York, North East Coast, 1 1 fathoms ; Darnley
Island, Torres Straits, 2U fathoms; Katow, New Guinea, 4 fathoms.
Also found as far south as Jervis Bay and Port Jackson, in New
South Wales (Brazier).
2. — Pleurotoma armillata.
Pleurotoma armillata, Reeve. Proc. Zool Soc, 1845, p. 111.
,, „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 21, sp. 176.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms ; sandy mud
bottom.
3. — Pleurotoma punctata.
Pleurotoma punctata, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. Ill
„ ,, ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 21, sp. 181.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 to 30 fathoms.
4. — Pleurotoma (Surcula) gemmata.
Pleurotoma gemmata, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 37.
,, ,, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 40, sp. 83.
Ilab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 1 1 fathoms ; bottom
mud.
152 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE L1XNEAN SOCIETY
5. — Pleurotoma (Surcula) REFLEXA.
Plcurotoma reflexa, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 11-1.
,, ,, „ Conch. Icon., pi. 28, sp. 252.
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 4 to 7 fathoms; sandy mud bottom.
6. — Pleurotoma (Surcula) jubata.
Pleuortoma jubata, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 37.
„ „ Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 7, sp. 52.
Hah. Darnley Islands, Torres Straits, 20 to 30 fathoms.
7. — Pleurotoma (Surcula) brevicaudata.
Pleurotoma brevicaudata, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 18G.
,, ,, „ Conch. Icon., pi. 15, sp. 126.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 12 fathoms.
8. — Drillia Sinensis.
Clavatula Sinensis, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 38.
Pleurotoma Sinoisis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 11, sp. 153.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North East Australia, 1 3 fathoms ;
coarse sandy bottom.
9. — Drillia Tayloriana.
Pleurotoma Tayloriana, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 40, sp. 366.
Sab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms; coarse white
sand.
Two specimens of this rare species were brought up from the
above depth.
10. — Drillia putilla.
Pleurotoma putillus, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 113.
,, ,, „ Conch. Icon., pi. 25, sp. 219.
Hab. Cape York, North Australia ; 1 1 fathoms.
11. — Drillia varicosa.
Pleurotoma varicosa, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 187.
,, „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 16, sp. 1416.
OF NEW .SOUTH WALES. 153
Hab. York Island, 16 fathoms; Darnley Island, Torres Straits,
20 fathoms, sandy mud bottom; Palm Island, North East Australia,
1 1 fathoms, bottom mud.
The specimens from the Torres Straits Islands run small. One
specimen from Palm Island very large.
12. — Drillia radula.
Plewrotoma radula, Hinds. Proc. Zool Soc, 1843, p. 38.
„ ,, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 25, sp. 223.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North East Australia, 20 fathoms ; Darn-
ley Island, Torres Straits, 20 to 30 fathoms ; KatoAv, New Guinea,
4 to 7 fathoms. Also, Port Stephens, and Port Jackson (Brazier),
Straits of Malacca (Hinds).
13. — Drillia Mastersi, n. sp.
Shell ovate, solid, reddish brown, depressly flattened at the
upper part, whorls 8|, transversely sculptured, centre of upper
whorls tuberculated, spotted with white, the last longitudinally
rather obliquely ribbed ; at the angle they become more like prickly
nodules, below somewhat white ; suture minutely spirally striated,
lip simple, brownish in centre, having an obsolete white sinus
below ; upper sinus white, deep, and wide, with thick deposit of
callus on body whorl, and extending down in a thin plate to the
collumellar ; canal very short and wide.
Length 5£, breadth 2 lines.
Hab. Warrior Eeef (west side), near New Guinea ; 8 fathoms,
sandy mud bottom. Two specimens found (Brazier).
14. — Drillia Spaldingi, n. sp.
Shell acuminately turreted, white, whorls 10, somewhat flat-
tened, nodosely angulated at the upper part, suture smooth,
centre with obtuse nodules, longitudinally ribbed and cancellated
with regular raised stria? ; larger and plainer on the last whorl,
blotched with brown, canal short, outer lip thin, depressed behind,
somewhat like a channel, sinus rather deep and broad, lower small
154 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE L1NNEAN SOCIETY
Length 7, breadth 3 lines.
Hab. Bet Island, ToiTes Straits, 1 1 fathoms, off a coral bottom •
Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathom, coral and white sandy
bottom.
15. — Drillia (Crassispira) alabaster Var.
Pleurotoma alabaster, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1813, p. 181.
„ ,, ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 8, sp. 65.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms ; found on a
bottom of white sand and broken shells.
16. — Drillia (Clavatula) nitens.
Clavatula niters, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 41.
Pleurotoma nitens, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 22, sp. 189.
Hab. Palm Island, North East Australia, 11 fathoms, mud
bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, bottom sand
and mud ; New Guinea, Straits of Macassar, and Malacca (Hinds).
17.— Clathurella Darnleyi, n. sp.
Shell pyramidal, slender, acuminated, six-sided, horny brown,
longitudinally ribbed, crossed with raised striye, somewhat rugose,
interstices smooth, whorls 7-8, flattened, suture opaque, sculpture
much plainer on the last whorl ; inner lip with thin deposit of
callus, outer thin, edged with black, sinus wide, cut deep down,
canal short.
Length 4 lines, breadth 1| line.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, bottom sand
and mud.
18. — Clathurella languida.
Pleurotoma languida, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 115.
„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 29, sp. 257.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; 20 fathoms.
19. — Clathurella amabilis.
Clavatula amabilis, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 40.
Pleurotoma amabilis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 34, sp. 308.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 155
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits; 20 fathoms, sand and mud.
Straits of Malacca, 17 fathoms, mud (Hinds).
The original or typical species described by Mr. Hinds, mentions
the suture being ornamented with white spots. The specimens
dredged by me are ornamented with light brown spots.
20. — Clathurella debilis.
Clavatula debilis, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 39.
Pleurotoma debilis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 22, sp. 187.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sand bottom.
21. — Clathurella arctata.
Pleurotoma arctata, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. jj.845, \). 118.
„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pl.^2, sp. 294.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, mud bottom.
22. — Clathurella donata.
Clavatula donata, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 43.
Pleurotoma donata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 26, sp. 228.
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 4 fathoms, mud bottom (Brazier).
North Coast of New Guinea, 23 fathoms, mud (Mr. Hinds).
23. — Clathurella tincta.
Pleurotoma tincta, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 5.
„ „ ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 38, sp. 347.
Hab. Katow, South Coast of New Guinea, 4 fathoms, mud
bottom (Brazier).
24. — Clathurella djedala.
Pleurotoma dcedala, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 6.
jj ,, „ Conch. Icon., pi. 38, sp. 335.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, bottom sand.
25. — Clathurella Fusoides.
Pleurotoma Fusoides, Reeve. Proc Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 6.
,, „ „ Conch. Icon,, pi. 38, sp. 349.
156 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LIXNEAN SOCIETY
Hob. Katow, South Coast of New Guinea, 4 fathoms, mud
bottom (Brazier) ; Island of Mindanao, Philippines ; found in
sandy mud, at the depth of 25 fathoms (Cuming).
26. — Clathurella argillacea.
Clavatida argillacea, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 40.
Pleurotoma argillacea, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 25, sp 217.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; 30 fathoms ; sandy mud
bottom (Brazier-) ; Straits of Malacca ; 17 fathoms, mud (Hinds).
27. — Clathurella pyramidula.
Pleurotoma pyramidula, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 115.
„ * „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 29, sp. 260.
Hah. Katow, South Coast of New Guinea ; 4 fathoms ; mud
bottom.
28. — Clathurella crassilabrum.
Pleurotoma crassilabrum, Reeve. Proc Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 185.
,, „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 14, sp. 118a.
Hah. Daniley Island, Torres' Straits ; 20 fathoms ; sandy
mud bottom.
29. — Clathurella rava.
Clavatula rava, Hinds. Proc Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 39.
Pleurotoma rava, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 28, sp. 250.
Hah. Katow, South Coast of New Guinea ; 4 fathoms, mud.
30. — Clathurella spurca.
Clavatula spurca, Hinds. Proc Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 29.
Pleurotoma spurca, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 34, sp. 12.
Hob. Princess Charlotte Bay, North East Australia, 13
fathoms ; Cape Grenville, North East Australia, 20 fathoms, mud ;
Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy, mud ; Katow,
Soiith Coast of New Guinea, 4 to 7 fathoms (Brazier) ; North
Coast of New Guinea, Straits of Malacca, 5 to 18 fathoms,
mud bottom (Hinds).
of new south wales. 1")7
31. — Clathurella quisqualis.
Clavatula quisqualis, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 44.
PUurotoma quisqualis, Reeve. Conch. Icon, p], 2G, sp. 230.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sandy bottom.
32. — Clathurella Ramsayi, n. sp.
Shell oblong ovate, somewhat acuminated, longitudinally closely
ribbed, corded wifh fine transverse ridges, interstices deep, white,
whorls 6, flat, encircled at the suture with black, showing plainer
on the back of last whorl, apex acute, brown, lip thickened, sinus
narrow, canal little recurved.
Length 2| lines, breadth 1 line.
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 4 fathoms ; found in the crevice of
a piece of coral brought up in the dredge. Only one specimen
found.
33. — Clathurella Barnardi, n. sp.
Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, longitudinally stoutly ribbed
every alternate black and white, latticed with fine ti'ansverse
ridges, interstices shallow, whorls 8, slightly rounded, suture deep,
smooth, spire acuminated, apex acute, brown, granulated, lip
thickened, white, black behind, sinus wide, above thickened,
shallow, canal slightly recurved.
Length 2h lines, breadth 1 line.
Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North East Austeilia ; four
specimens found under a large stone.
34. — Clathurella Macleayi, n. sp.
Shell ovate, elongated white or pink, smooth, shining, some-
what longitudinally obliquely ribbed, ribs rounded, interstices
smooth, whorls 8, flattened, strongly striated on the last in front,
rather opaque below the suture, lip thickened, brown spot on the
lower part, sinus deep and rounded, thickened on the body whorl,
canal narrow, short, straight.
Length 3 lines, breadth Inline.
158 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Hah. Princess Charlotte Bay, North East Australia, 13
fathoms, coarse sand and mud bottom, specimens white. Cape
Grenville, North East Australia, 20 fathoms, white sand and mud
bottom, specimens pink or flesh colour. Cape York, North Coast
of Australia, 11 fathoms, coarse sand and broken shells, specimens
white. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 to 30 fathoms, coarse
sand and mud, specimens pink ; few white specimens found. Bet
Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms, coral bottom in company with
young Meleagrina margaritifera, Linn. Three specimens obtained,
white. Katow, South Coast of New Guinea, 4 fathoms, bottom
mud ; specimens white, few obtained.
35, — Clathurella tricolor, n. sp.
Shell ovate, spire acuminated, transversely elevately striated,
longitudinally ribbed, interstices minutely granulated, blue-black,
ornamented with a white band round the centre of the last whorl,
continuous to the suture, whorls 7, slightly convex, centre with
yellow grains, above and below dirty blue, sinus narrow, shallow,
canal very short, outer lip strongly crenulated, columellar slightly
interior of aperture blackish with white band showing.
Length 4 lines, breadth 1| line.
Hah. Palm Island, North East Coast of Australia (Brazier).
Three specimens found on the reef under a block of coral.
36. — Daphnella subula.
Plevrotoma subula, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 113.
„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 24, sp. 211.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; 8 fathoms, mud.
37. — Daphnella ornata.
Daphnella ornata, Hinds. Moll. Voyage Sulphur, p. 25, pi. 7,
fig. 221.
Pleurotoma ornata, Peeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 24, sp. 209.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; 20 fathoms, sandy mud.
of new south wales. 150
38.— Daphnella pluricarinata.
Pleurotoma pluricarinta, Reeve. Proc Zool. Soc, 184.">, p. 115.
„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 22, sp. 228.
Hab. Darnley Island, Ton-es Straits, 20 fathoms ; ten specimens
found.
39. — Daphnella marmorata.
Daphnella marmorata, Hinds. Moll. Voyage Sulphur, p. 25, pi.
7, fig. 19.
Pleurotoma Daphnelloides, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 24, sp. 206.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, coarse sandy
mud ; only one specimen found.
40. — Cythara ponderosa.
Mangelia ponderosa, Eeeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 6, sp. 44.
Bab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 fathoms, coarse sand.
41. — Cythara capillacea.
Mangelia capillacea, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 2, sp. 10.
Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 60.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, found in sandy
mud.
42. — Cythara pessulata.
Mangelia pessulata, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 63.
„ ,, „ Conch. Icon., pi. 6, sp. 38.
Hab. Bet Island, Torres Straits ; found on the beaches, thrown
up after a gale.
43. — Cythara cylindrica.
Mangelia cylindrica, Reeve. Pi-oc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 60.
,, „ ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 2, sp. 9.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 to 20 fathoms, mud
bottom.
160 the proceedings of the linnean society
44. — Cythara abyssicola.
Mangelia abyssicola, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 184G, p. 62.
,, ,, ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 5, sp. 30«, 306.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 to 20 fathoms.
45. — Cythara maculata.
Mangelia maculata, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 61.
„ „ ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 4, sp. 22a, '22b.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, coarse sandy
bottom ; only one specimen found.
46. — Cythara angulata.
Mangelia angulata, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 64.
„ „ ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 8, sp. 62.
Hab. Cape York, North Australia, 5 fathoms, sandy bottom.
47. — Cythara balteata.
Mangelia balteata, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 64.
,, „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 7, sp. 57.
Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North East Australia ; one speci-
men found under a stone ;
Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, coarse sand and
broken shells ; one specimen obtained, large.
48., — Cythara Goodalli.
Mangelia Goodalli, Gray, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 7, sp. 58.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 to 20 fathoms, white
sandy bottom.
49. — Cythara pellucida.
Mangelia ■pellucida, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 64.
„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 8, sp. 61.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms ; bottom fine
sand.
of new south wales. 101
50. — Cythara vittata.
Mangelia vittata, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 45.
,, ,, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 7, sp. 53.
Bab. Warrior Island, Torres Straits.
51. — Cythara Marginelloides.
Mangelia Marginelloides, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. GO.
,, ,, ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 1, sp.
6a, 6b.
Hub. Hall Sound, New Guinea ; found on fine sandy mud flats
at low water.
52. — Cythara bicolor.
Mangelia bicolor, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1849, p. 62.
., ,. ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 5, sp. 31.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. One specimen, slightly
sea worn, obtained at 20 fathoms.
53. — Mangelia contracta.
Pleurotoma contracta, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 185.
„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 14, sp. )16.
Hab. Cape York, North Australia, 1 1 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, bottom fine
white sand ; Katow, South Coast of New Guinea, 4 to 7 fathoms;
mud bottom.
54. — Mangelia gracilenta.
Pleurotoma gracilenta, Reeve. Pro. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 184.
„ ,, ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 14, sp. 114.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms ; found with
Mangelia contracta.
55. — Mangelia unbaticosta.
Pleurotoma undaticosta, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 117
,, ,, „ Conch. Icon., pi. 31, sp. 284.
1G2 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Hab. Cape York, North Australia, 11/athoms; mud bottom ;
Katow, South Coast of New Guinea, 5 fathoms.
5G. — Mangelia hexagon alis.
Pleurotoma hexagonalis. Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 118.
„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 32, sp. 293.
Hab. Bet and Darnley Islands, Torr es Straits, 1 2 to 20 fathoms ;
Katow, South Coast of New Guinea, 4 fathoms.
Species of Pleurotomidse were also dredged at the undermen.
tioned localities, the greater part of them being dead and rather
sea-worn, also broken in the lip and otherwise destroyed.
From Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 45 species.
Bet ,, ,, ,, 5 ,,
bue ,, ,, ,, i ,,
York 1
Cape Grenville, North East Australia, 5 species
Princess Charlotte Bay, North East~Australia, 3 species
Cape York, North Australia, 15 species
Katow, South Coast of New Guinea, 4G species
And out of that number, 75 species, there are only single speci-
mens ; it would be too hazardous to describe from single specimens.
Description of a new species of Kangaroo, from New Guinea, by
E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., &c, Curator of the Australian
Museum, Sydney.
Halmaturus crassipes. nov. sp.
3—3 1—1 4—4
In. p.m. m.
1 — 1 1—1 4—4
Young Female. — Fur stiff, harsh, and short ; general colour,
yellowish sandy-brown, deeper on the upper surface where, on the
back is it pencilled with black hairs most conspicuously on the
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 163
dorsal ridge, the hairs being chieily black at the base and tip, yellow
on the central portion ; the under surface whitish-grey ; the back
of the neck and rump of a yellowish tinge ; ears, margined out-
wardly and tipped with black, inside whitish ; eyelids, lashes, and
eyebrows, black ; last joints of the fingers and the nails, black ;
head and neck pencilled with black, the base and tips of the hairs
black ; an ill-defined line of a blackish tinge extends from the eye
to the nostrils, below which is an indistinct whitish band from
below the eye to the upper lip. Hairs on the sides, yellowish with
black and grey tips. The yellowish-brown of the rump extends
conspicuously along the upper part of the tail for about one-third
of its length, after which it fades into an ashy-grey ; on the sides
and under the surface, a line extending along the apical third of
the tail below and tips, blackish ; some specimens have a whitish
mark across the thighs.
Adult Male. — -Similar to the female above described, but having
the facial features and the markings of the body not so well de"
fined ; across the thighs near the joint a short band of white
base of the tail brown; scrotum white posteriorly, blackish in
front. The throat and under surface, greyish white ; hands, feet,
and tips of the ears blackish ; tail long, comparatively thick and
strong, the under surface bare and worn for about three-fourths of
its length from the tip, sparingly clothed with harsh wiry hairs ;
hind legs of moderate length, but the tarsus short and strong ;
toes, strong and short ; nails, very short, thick, strong, and blunt ;
forearms long, strong, and robust ; the hands broad ; the fingers
short and strong ; nails, short, thick, and blunt ; ears short and
rounded.
This is one of, if not the largest, species of Halmaturus known,
and on the whole is a remarkably strong-made animal. The strong
fore legs and short hind feet, and its strong tail are evidently well
adapted for traversing stony regions; the under surface of the
tail is bare to within a short distance of the rump, and the remain-
der of this organ but scantily clothed with wiry hair.
Total length from tip of nose to tip of tail, 5 feet 8 inches
(skin,)
164 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Head, 7 inches (skull, 6*1, cleaned).
Tail, 2 feet G inches.
Tarsus (broken), about 14 inches.
Hind foot, 9 inches; longest toe, 3 inches ; its nail, 1-1 x 05
x 0-58.
Ears, 1-9 x 2-9 in length.
From snout to centre of eye, 3*6 inches.
From snout to ear, 6 inches.
Forearm, 8i inches; hand in width, 1*8, 3*3 in length to
tips of nail.
Third finger longest, its nail 0-9 x 0*4.
This fine species appears to he tolerably plentiful about Port
Moresby, New Guinea, and is one of the novelties discovered by
Messrs. Broadbent and Petterd, by whom some young specimens ol
it were first brought to Sydney.
For the adult male above described, the Museum is indebted to
the generosity of Mr. Gouldie, botanist, at present on a collecting
tour in the Southern portion of New Guinea, and from whom we
have lately received some valuable donations.
The Coleoptera of the Chevert Expedition — by William
Macleay, F.L.S.
It was my wish and intention to have given you, on the present
occasion, a complete description of the Coleoptera collected during
the cruise of the Chevert. I have been unable, I regret to say,
from various causes, to carry out my intention as a whole, but I
now lay before you, as an instalment, a few notes on those of the
Geodephagous Coleoptera of New Guinea, which were taken
during the voyage.
It may be recollected that, soon after my return from New
Guinea, I read in this room a short Paper on the Zoological
results of the Chevert's Expedition, and I then stated that the
very great scarcity of the carnivorous ground beetles in that
country was very remarkable. That it is so, may be inferred
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 165
from the fact that the six species which I now describe were the
only representatives of the families Cicindelidce and Carahidce,
taken at Katow and Hall Sound, notwithstanding a diligent
search by experienced collectors.
ClCINDELA MAINO,
Viridi-cuprea subnitida subtua albo-pilosa, capite ad oculos
bipunctato, thorace subquadrato antice angustato postice
profunde transversim impresso lateribus hand rotundatis,
elytris oblique truncatis opacis viridi-nigris albo-mar-
ginatis — margine triramoso — apice sutura postice guttis
(pie quatuor (3 e basi juxta medium 1 infra scutellum)
albidis, pedibus tenuibus longissimis.
Long. 6 lin., lat., If lin.
Hah. Katow, New Guinea.
This species has an affinity to Cicindela araneipes, Schaum, but is
much larger and very differently marked. The labium is short,
broad, truncate, armed with numerous setae, and of a yellowish
colour. The mandibles are yellow, with the teeth and apex black.
The palpi are also yellow, with the tenninal joint black, and are
densely clothed with white hair. The antennae are long and
slender, the first four joints having a bright metallic hue. The
head is of a dullish coppery hue, very densely and finely punctate,
flat above, and vertical in front, with a sharp puncture on each
side, close to the eyes. These last are large and prominent
laterally. The thorax is coppery on the sides, almost black in
the middle, finely shagreened, much narrower at the apex than at
the base, not rounded on the sides, and truncated in front and
behind, with the median line lightly marked, a deep transverse
impression at the base, and the posterior angles acute. The
scutellum is triangular and smooth. The elytra are a little
broader than the thorax, long, parallel-sided, and obliquely
truncate, especially in the female. The colour is a dark
opaque green, margined with pale vellow. From the lateral
yellow border there are three branches, one short and very oblique
below the humeial angle; another aboat the middle, longer, and
166 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
not so oblique ; the third near the apex, and almost vertical. The
posterior two-thirds of the suture is narrowly edged with yellow,
and there are, besides, on each elytron, four spots of the same
colour — one long and narrow, near the scutellum, the other three
in a line extending from the base to the middle of the elytron.
The under surface of the body has a more metallic lustre than the
upper, and is clothed densely with white pile. The legs are
extremely fragile, and of immense length, the posterior thighs
being as long as the entire length of the insect, and the tibiae
and tarsi not much shorter.
A number of specimens of this very fine Clcindela were captured
on the sea beach at the mouth of the Katow River, near the village
of Mohatta, in July last. The name I have given to the species —
" Maino " — is that of the chief of the village.
This insect, with Cicindela tenuipes Dej. Psammodromus Chevr.
and araneipes Schaum, constitutes a very distinct group, charac-
terized chiefly by the extreme length and slenderness of the legs,
and the form of the thorax, which may be described as that of a
truncated cone. Cicindela longipws Fabr. and anchorcdis Chevr.
may be looked upon as intermediate between this and the C.
Ypsilon group. I may here mention that one of the Ypsilon group
— Cicindela Bafflesia Chaud. {Montraveli Blancli) — was taken in
considerable number near Cape York, on sandy beaches.
Pheropsophus Papuensis.
Niger opacus, capite rufo-testaceo inter oculos nigro, thorace
elongato subcordiformi antice sparsim punctato, elytris
acute costatis macula transversa rufa, antennis palpis
pedibusque rufo-testaceis.
Long., 7 lin. ; lat. elyt., 3 lin.
Hob. Katow, New Guinea.
Only one specimen of this insect was found. Besides the differ-
ence in colour and marking, the elongate thorax separates it at
once from our common Australian species, P. verticalis. It seems
to approach nearer to P. Australia, but Count Castlenan makes no
mention of the elongate thorax in his description of that species.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 167
Phlozodromius PLAGIATUS.
Testaceo-rufus nitidus, elytris obsolete striatis fascia magna
nigra.
Long., 4 lin. ; lat., 1J lin.
Hab. Yule Island, Hall Sound, New Guinea.
One specimen only was found, and that under bark. The whole
insect is of a nitid testaceous red colour, excepting a broad black
fascia occupying the middle of the elytra. The eyes are white, the
feet short and robust, and the elyti-a very indistinctly striate. This
genus, of which only one species was previously known — P. piceus
rnihi — will be found described in the Transactions of the Entomo-
logical Society of New South Wales, vol 2, p. 85.
Lebia Papuensis.
Rufo-testacea subnitida, thorace brevi late marginato angulis
posticis rectis subrecurvis anticis late rotundatis mar.
gine seta prope angulos anticos et in angulis posticis
instructo, elytris rufo-brunneis latis sinuato-truncatis
fortiter striatis interstitiis convexis fascia obscura nigra
subapicali.
Long., 3 lin.
Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea.
Of this species, also, only one was caught, and also under bark.
The colour is testaceous red, becoming brown on the elytra, which
have an indistinct black fascia near the apex. The head is flat
between the eyes, and has in front of them, between the insertion
of the antenna?, two short longitudinal impressions. The eyes are
black, round, and prominent. The thorax is of the width of the
head and eyes, short, transverse, very much rounded at the ante-
rior angles, broadly margined on the sides, square, acute, and
recurved at the posterior angles, and finely acuducted on the dor-
sal surface, with the median line well marked, and with a lonp-
seta at each posterior angle and on the anterior third of the margin.
The elytra are broad and flat ; they get broader from the humeral
angle, terminate in a sinuated truncation, and are strongly striated,
with the interstices broad and convex — the third with an impres-
sion near the apex — and the lateral stria marked with large dis-
tinct punctures.
1G8 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
MlSOELUS MORIOFORMIS.
Niger niticlus antennis palpisque piceis opacis, capite piano
antice emarginato, thorace subcordiformi postice trun-
cato lateribus setigeris setis 1 in angulo postico 2 ante
medium locatis, elytris subopacis parallelis novemstriatis
interstitiis planis setis marginalibus longissimis — 1
apieali, 2 distantibus prope angulis apicalibus, 3 subhu-
mera]ibus. pedibus nigro-piceis.
Long., 44 lin. ; lat. Lj- lin.
Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea.
This insect lias very much of the form and appearance of a
Morio, and, like the species of that genus, was found under the
bark of a decayed tree. I have never seen anything like it in
Australia, and, as the only two species hitherto known come
from Java, I presume it may be looked upon as a Netherlands-
Indian form. I have never seen Miscelus unicolor, Putz, nor can
I find a description of it, but it is most unlikely that it can be
identical with the present species. The typical species, M.
Javanus, is in my possession, and it is very different in many
respects. Only one specimen was captured.
Harpalus Papuensis.
Niger nitidus subconvexus, capite subplano laevi antice
leviter irapresso, thorace laevi subquadrato antice leviter
emarginato (angulis sub-product is) postice truncato
(angulis rotundatis) medio postice leviter striato basi
utrinque impress©, elytris striatis interstitiis subplanis
(interstitia secunda ad basin breviter striata tertia
prope apicem interne punctata) marginibus lateralibus et
apicalibus rugose punctatis, antennis pal pis tarsisque
rufopiceis, tibiis anticis extus prope apicem minute tri-
dentatis.
Long., 5 lin; lat., If lin.
Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea.
A few of this species was found under stones.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
MONDAY, 20th June, 187(5.
William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.
The following donations were announced : —
The Mollusca of New Zealand.
The Echinodermata of New Zealand.
The Fishes of New Zealand, by the Author, F. W.
Hutton, Esq., Otago.
member elected.
W. F. Barkas, Esq., M.R.C.S.E.
The following papers were read : —
List of Marine Shells, with Descriptions of the new species col-
lected during the Chevert Expedition — by John Brazier,
C.M.Z.S.
Class Gasteropoda.
Sub-order Proboscidifera.
Family Muricid^e.
1. — Murex tenuspina.
Murex tenuspina, Lam., Anhn. Sans. Vert, tome 7, p. 158.
„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 21., species 85.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 to 30 fathoms, sandy-
bottom, brought up on the swabs or tangles.
2.— Murex brevispina.
Murex brevispina, Lam., Anim. Sans. Vert, tome 7, p. 159.
„ ,, Peeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 19, species 77.
Hab. Princess Charlotte Bay, North East Australia, 14 fathom,
sandy mud bottom ; Cape Grenville, North East Australia, 20 to
30 fathom, sandy bottom, in places very stony, /brought up in the
dredge, with Spongiadce and Echinodermata ; /Cape York, North
Australia, 6 to 11 fathoms, mud bottom, specimens dead. Reeve
gives as the habitat of this fine species the Coast of Arabia, a verv
170 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
great error; I have received specimens from Nicol Bay, North-
West Coast of Australia, thrown on shore after gales.
3. — MUREX EXIMIUS, N. SP.
Shell thin, club-shaped, whorls 7, roundly convex, suture deeply
excavated, three varicose, having two somewhat blunt-pointed
sj ines, one line in length on each varice ; varices rounded, rather
oblique, excavated behind, between longitudinally nodulously fine-
ribbed ; transversely striated, interstices with much finer stria?,
cream colour, blotched below the suture with pale chestnut, before
and behind the varices of the same colour, aperture nearly round,
inner lip smooth, outer denticulated at the edge, interior of aper-
ture tinged with violet, canal elongated, straight.
Length 22, breadth 8|, alt. 7 lines.
Bab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, brought up on
the tangles, bottom sand.
This beautiful species differs from Murex rectirostris, Sowerby,
in having five longitudinal somewhat nodose ribs, with transverse
elevated lines, having three varices with two spines on each, the
first at the back of the lip little above the centre, the second at the
second vai-ice on the back, the third at the varice on the pillar or
columella side, the other three spines placed on the second whorl,
the other five whorls are destitute of spines. The shell has a three-
sided appeai'ance.
4. — Murex (Chicoreus) ramosus.
Murex ramosus, Linn, Gmel., p. 3528, No. 13.
„ inflatus, Lam., Anim. Sans. Vert., tome 7, p. 160.
,, ramosus, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 1, species 3.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reefs.
This is the large common and well-known species found in
gardens with rock work, also used to ornament fireplaces.
5. — Murex (Chicoreus) adustus.
Murex adustus, Lam., Anim. Sans. Vert., tome 7, p. 162.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 8, sp. 29.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reef under
coral.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 171
6. — MUREX (CHICOBEUS) CORRUGATUS.
Murex corrugatus, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1840,
p. 142.
„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 13, species 52.
Ilab. Palm Island, North-East Coast of Australia.
Two specimens brought up on the tangles from 8 fathoms, muddy
bottom.
7. — Murex (Chicoreus) axicornis.
Murex axicornis, Lam., Anim. Sans. Vert., tome 7, p. 163.
„ „ Peeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 15, fig. 37.
flab. Palm Island, North East Coast of Australia.
One specimen brought up on the tangles from 8 fathoms, muddy
bottom.
8. — Murex (Chicoreus) cervicornis.
Murex cervicornis, Lara., Anim. Sans. Vert., tome 7, p. 163.
,, ,, Peeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 16, species 66.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20-30 fathoms.
This species is very I'arely to be found in collections, but at the
depth of 20 and 30 fathoms it is very common at Darnley Island.
I have received dead and beach-worn specimens from Nicol Pay,
North-West Coast of Australia, thrown up after gales. The spe-
cimen figured by Reeve in Conchologia Iconica 1845, gives no
locality. Lamarck, in his " Animaux Sans Vertebres, 1822,
says, "Habite les mers de la Nouvelle-Hollande. Espece tres rare et
fo\*t recherchee."
9. — Murex (Ptermotus) pellucidus.
Murex 'pellucidus, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 14, sp. 54.
,, trigonularis, Sowerby, not of Lamarck.
Ilab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
This fine and rare species was got at the depth of 30 fathoms,
white sandy mud bottom, brought up in the tangles.
10. — Murex (Ocinebra) tetragonus.
Murex tetragonus, Proderip, Proc. Zool. Society, 1832, p. 174.
,, breviculus, Reeve, not Sowerby.
172 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Hab. B;>t Island, Torres Straits, 1 1 fathoms.
Reeve in Concologia Iconica, pi. 26, species 118, figures Murex
breviculus of Sowerlry, and puts Murex tetragonus, Broderip down
as a synonym. The specimen dredged answers to Broderip's
description of Murex tetragonus ; and does not answer either to
Reeves' description or figure ; the shell figured by Reeve is a true
figure of Murex breviculus, Sowerby, a much larger and finer shell.
11. — Murex (Ocinebra) confusa, n. sp.
Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, rather rough, spire short,
sharp-pointed, whorls 5-^, five varicose, on the whorl ending in the
form of a canal ; varices laminated, interstices between the varices
crossed with four laminated ribs ; on the last whorl below some-
what smooth, forming hollow pits, suture minutely laminated, the
varices on the upper whorls small, more like rounded nodules,
laminated and excavated behind, white stained with brown
between the varices, aperture roundly ovate, interior of aperture
glossy white, edge of peristome denticulated, canal rather short,
attenuated, and recurvated.
Length 13 J, breadth 7h, height 6| lines.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
Only one specimen of this beautiful shell was brought up on the
tangles from the depth of 30 fathoms, white sand and coral bottom.
12.— Murex (Muricidea) mundus.
Murex exiguus, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p.]
,, mundus, Reeve, Conch. Icon., 1845, pi. 32. species 16G.
Bab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, coral bottom.
This species is not described in Proc. Zool. Society, as Mr.
Reeve quotes in Conch. Icon.
13. — Murex (Muricidea) scalaris.
Murex scalaris, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1853,
p. 71.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy bottom.
of new south wales.
Family Tritonud^e,
14. — Tritonium (Simpulum) pileare.
Murex pileare, Linn. Gmel., p. 3534, No. 31.
Triton pileare, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 182.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
15. — Tritonium (Simpulum) gemmatum.
Triton gemmatus, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844, p. 117.
,. ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 15, species 60 c.
Hab. Barrow Island, North East Australia; Darnley Island,
Torres Straits, under stones at low water.
16. — Tritonium (Cabestana) labiosum.
Murex labiosus, Wood, Supp. Index. Testae, p. 15, pi. 5, tig. 18.
Tritonium rutilum, Menke, Moll. Nov. Holl., p. 25, No. 120.
,, labiosum, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871,
p. 87.
Triton labiosus, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 14. f. 52 a, b, c.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Two specimens found
under stones. Also found at Shark Island, Port Jackson (Brazier).
16a. — Tritonium (Cymatium) lotorium.
Triton lotorium, Linn. duel. p. 3533, No. 30.
,, ,, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 182.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 6, species 19, b.
Hab. Brooke Island, North East Coast of Australia.
17. — Tritonium (Gutturnium) sacrostoma.
Triton sacrostoma, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1844, p. 113.
„ ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 7, species 21.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
18. — Tritonium (Gutturnium) gracile.
Triton gracilis, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844, p. 117.
,, ,, „ Conch. Icon., pi. 1 5, species 58 a, b.
Hab. Princess Charlotte Bay, North East Australia, 14 fathoms;
Darnlev Island, Torres Straits, 20 to 30 fathoms.
174 the proceedings of the linnean society
19. — Tritonium (Guttunrium) encausticum.
Triton eucausticus, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844,
p. 115.
„ ,, ,, Conch. Icon, pi 12, species 43.
Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms.
19a. — Tritonium (Epidromus) Angasi. n. sp.
Shell fusiform, turrited, thin, with 8 distinct rounded varices ;
spire slightly twisted in the centre, apex obtuse, whorls 7, slightly
convex, sculptured with longitudinal fine ribs, transversely lined,
interstices with veiy minute stria?, suture rather dee}), crenulated
at the edge, whitish, besprinkled with chestnut brown spots, blotch
of the same colour somewhat square in front of the varices ; the
back of the last whorl showing more of the irregular nearly obso
lete brown spots ; columella or inner lip straight, thickened with
a white expanded plate of callous, smooth, outer lip thin at its
edge, thickened behind, minutely denticulated within, aperture
oblong ovate, white within, canal very short, recurved.
Length 10, breadth 3, height 21 lines, length of aperture 3 lines.
Hzb. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, rough sand
and coral bottom. Sue Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms, found
with mother-o'-pearl Margaritifera margaritifera, Linn.
I have named it with great pleasure in honour of Mr. George
French Ang.is, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., London, whose indefatigable
exertions have made us acquainted with many new and rare species
of shells from Australia and Western Polynesia.
It differs from Epidromus Coxi, Brazier, from .New South Wales,
by having coarser sculpture, varices larger, more distorted at the
third and fourth whorl from the aperture, by one slightly bulging
to the right, and the other to the left, the outer lip thin at the
edge, very much thickened behind, and more strongly crenulated
at the suture.
20. — DlSTORSIO DECIPIENS.
Triton decipiens, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844, p. 121.
,, „ „ Conch. Icon. pi. 20 species 102.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sandy bottom.
of new south wales. 175
21. — Bursa rana.
Murex rana, Linn ; Martini, Conch. Vol. 4, pi. 133, fig. 1270-71.
Eanella albivaricosa, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844,
p. 136.
Bursa rana, H. and A. Adams, Genra ol Recent Mollusca, 1853.
Vol. 3., pi. 11, fig. 3 3a. Ranella albivaricosa, Reeve, Conch. Icon,
pi. 1, species 2.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 to 30 fathoms, sandy
mud, Cape Grenville, North-East Coast of Australia, 20 fathoms.
22. — Bursa (Lampas) bitubercularis.
Ranella bitubercularis, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome, 7, p. 153.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 7, species 40.
Bab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15 fathoms, bottom coral
stones and broken shells.
23. — Bursa (Apollon) gyrina.
Murex gyrinus, Linn. Gmel., p. 3531.
Ranella ranina, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 154.
,, gyrinus, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 8, species 49.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found under stones on the
reefs.
24.- — Bursa (Apollon) pusilla.
Ranella piisilla, Broderip, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1832, p. 194.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 8, species 44.
Hob. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20-30 fathoms ;
Princess Charlotte Bay, North-East Australia, 15 fathoms; Cape
York, North Australia, 5-11 fathoms; Darnley Island, Torres
Straits, 12-20-30 fathoms ; all sandy mud bottom.
25. — Bursa (Apollon) anceps.
Ranella anceps, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 154.
„ pyramidalis, Broderip, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1832,
p. 194.
„ anceps, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 8, species 48.
Bab. West side of Warrior Reef, Torres Straits.
176 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
One living specimen was found in a cluster of Madrepores ;
dead specimens also dredged off Katow, New Guinea, 5 fathoms ;
from 5 to 8 lines long.
26. — Bursa (Eupleura) pulchella.
Pattella pulchella, Forbes, Moll. Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake,
vol. 2, p. 328, pi. 3, tig. 6 a, b.
Hub. Palm Island, North-East Australia, 8 fathoms, mud bottom ;
Cape York, North Australia, 5 to 1 1 fathoms, sandy mud bottom ;
Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20 fathoms, sandy bottom ;
Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20-30 fathoms white sandy mud
bottom ; West side of Warrior Reef, near Katow, New Guinea, 8
fathoms, bottom hard blue mud.
Family Buccinid,e.
Sub-family Nassin^e.
27. — Phos senticosus.
Buccinum senticosmn, Linn. sp. List., pi. 967, fig. 22.
Phos senticosus, Sowerby, in Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 89, pi. 221,
figs. 9-11.
Hah. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20 fathoms, sandy
bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20-30 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom.
28. — Phos roseatls.
Phos roseatus, Hinds, Zool. Voy. Sulphur Moll. p. 38, pi. 10,
fig. 7-9.
„ „ Sowerby in Thes. Conch, vol. 3, p. 90, pi. 221,
fig. 1-2.
Bab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, white sandy
mud bottom. Four fine specimens obtained.
29. — Phos scalaroides.
Phos scalaroides, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1850,
p. 154.
„ „ Sowerby in Thes. Conch., vol. 3 p., 90 pi. 221,
fig. 13.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 177
Hab. Cape G-renville, North-East Australia, 30 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom, four specimens found ; Cape York, North Australia,
1 1 fathoms, sand and broken shells, two specimens found ; Darnley
Island, Torres Straits, 20-30 fathoms, sandy mud bottom, five speci-
mens found ; Bet and Sue Islands, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms coral
and sand bottom, two specimens found.
30. — Phos rufo-cinctus.
Phos rufo-cinctus, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1850,
p. 154.
„ ,, Sowerby in Thes. Conch, vol. 3, p. 91, pi. 221.
fig. 14.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom, one specimen found.
31. — Phos (Strongylocera) spinicostatus.
Phos spinicostatus, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1850,
p. 154.
,, ,. Sowerby in Thes, Conch., vol. 3, p. 93, pi.
222, fig. 44, 45.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sandy bottom ;
four specimens found.
32. — Nassaria suturalis.
Hindsia suturalis, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1853,
p. 183.
Nassaria suturalis, Sowerby in Thes, Conch, vol. 3, p. 86, pi.
220, fig. 15, 16.
Hab. Cape York, North Australia, 1 1 fathoms, mud bottom •
Warrior Reef, west side 8 fathoms, hard mud bottom ; Katow,
New Guinea, 5 fathoms, soft mud, specimens all dead.
33. — Nassa coronata.
Buccinum coronatum, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 276.
Nassa coronata, Peeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 3, species 20 a, b, c.
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia ; Cape Grenville,
North-East Australia ; Bet Island, Torres Straits, found at low
water crawling on the sand beaches.
178 the proceedings of the linnean society
34. — Nassa arcularia.
Buccinum arcularia, Linn. Gmelin, p. 3480.
,, ,, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 276.
Nassa arcularia, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 4, species 25.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found crawling on the reefs
at low water.
35. — Nassa lvjrida.
Nassa luricla, Gould, Proc. Boston Soc, 1850, p. 153.
,, dispar, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 96.
„ clispar, Peeve, Conch. Icon., 1853, pi. 7, species 45.
„ graphitera, Beck, Voy. au Pol. Sud. p. 80, pi. 21, fig.
2S, 29.
Hab. Home Islands, oil' Cape Grenville, North-East Australia,
found crawling on sandy mud flats at low water ; Hall Sound,
New Guinea, found on sand flats at low water.
36. — Nassa delicata.
Nassa delicata, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 99.
„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 27, species 180.
Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-East Australia. One
splendid specimen found under a block of coral.
37. — Nassa lachrymosa.
Nassa lachrymosa, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 8, species 52.
Hab. Mud Bay, Cape York, North Australia, Found at low
water crawling on the sand beaches.
38.— Nassa (Niothia) gemmulata.
Buccinum gemmulahwn, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 271.
Nassa gemmulatum, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 5, species 29.
,, clathrata, Lam., EDcyclop, pi. 394, f, 5 a, b.
,, gemmulata, Deshayes.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom ; Princess Charlotte Bay, North-East Australia, 14
fathoms, sandy bottom; Cape York, North Australia, 5-11 fathoms,
sandy mud bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20-30 fathoms,
white sand and broken coral bottom.
of new south wales. 179
39. —Nassa (Niothia) marginulata.
Buccinum marginulatum, Lam., Auim. Sans Vert., tome 7,
p. 278.
Nassa marginulata, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 7. sp. 43.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20-30 fathoms, sand and
coral bottom.
40. — Nassa (Niothia) albescens.
Buccinum albescens, Dunker, Abbild, und Besch, 1849, p. 68,
pi. 2, fig. 15.
Nassa albescens, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 15, species 100.
jj ;, bicolor, Homb. and Jacq., Voy. au Pol. Sud,
p. 84, pi. 21, fig. 41, 42.
Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 5 fathoms, sand bottom.
41. — Nassa (Niothia) densigranata.
Nassa densigranata, Reeve, Conch. Icon., 1854, pi. 27, species
181.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sand and coral
bottom.
42. — Nassa (Niothia) ravida.
Nassa ravida, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 97.
„ ravida, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 11, species 68.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sand and coral
bottom.
43. — Nassa (Arcularia) Thersites.
Buccinum Thersites, Brng., Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7,
p. 277.
Nassa Thersites, Lam. Encyclop., pi. 394, fig. 8 a, b.
Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea. Found on the sandy mud flats
at low water.
44. — Nassa (Arcuiaria) callosa.
Nassa callosa, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 98.
„ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 28, species 185.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 5, 10, 15, 20 fathoms,
sandy mud bottom.
iso the proceedings of the linnean society
45. — Nassa (Arcularia) nana.
Nassa (Eione) nana, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851,
p. 102.
Nassa nana, Reeve, Conch, Icon. pi. 25, species 164.
Hab. Cape York, North Australia, 5 fathoms, muddy bottom.
46. — Nassa (Alectrion) suturalis
jmccinum saturate, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 269.
Nassa suturalis, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 1, species 4.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 fathoms, coral and sand
bottom. One specimen found.
47.- — Nassa (Alectrion) rutilans.
Nassa rutilans, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 22, species 147.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sand and mud
bottom.
48. — Nassa (Zeuxis) crenulata.
Buccinum crenulatum, Brug., Encyclopedic Methodique, pi. 394,
f. 6.
Buccinum crenulatum, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 267.
Nassa crenulata, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 1, sp. 2.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20 fathoms, sandy
mud; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20-30 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom.
49. — Nassa (Zeuxis) semiplicata.
Nassa semiplicata, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851,
p. 107.
Hab. Mud Bay, Cape York, North Australia. One specimen
found crawling on the sandy beach.
50. Nassa (Telasco) picta.
Buccinum pictum, Dunker, Phil. Abild., t. 2, f. 6.
Nassa picta, Dunker, Zeitschrift, fur Malac. 1846, p. 172.
,, „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 2, species 9 a, b.
Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-East Australia. One
specimen found under a block of coral.
of new south wales. 181
51. — Nassa (Telasco) luctuosa.
Nassa luctuosa, A. Adams, Pi'oc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851, p, 105.
., ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 16, species 109.
Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea. Found on the sands at low
water.
52. — Nassa (Hebra) vibex.
Buccimim vibex, Say, American Conchology, pi. 57.
Nassa vibex, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 101.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 12, species 75.
Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea. Found on the sand beaches at
low water.
53. — Nassa (Hebra; Gruneri.
Buccinum, Gruneri, Dunker, Zeitschrift, fur Malac. 1846, p. 171
Nassa Gruneri, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 12, species 81.
Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea. Found on the sand beaches at
low water with Nassa vibex.
54.— Nassa (Hima) unifasciata, var.
• Nassa unifasciata, Pease, American Journal Conchology 1
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia, 8 fathoms, muddy
bottom ; Home Islands, off Cape Grenville, North-East Australia,
15 fathoms, sandy mud bottom • Cape York, North Australia,
5-11 fathoms, sandy mud bottom; Bet and Darnley Islands,
Torres Straits, 11, 20, 30 fathoms, hard sandy mud bottom;
Katow, New Guinea, 5 fathoms, mud bottom.
55. — Nassa (Hima) dermestina.
Nassa dermestina, Gould, American Expl. Exped., 1852.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Two specimens found
under stones at low water ; seven dead dredged at 30 fathoms,
sandy mud bottom.
56. — Nassa (Hima) mirostoma.
Nassa mirostoma, Pease, American Journal, Conch., 1867, vol.
3, p. 22.
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia.
Two specimens found under stones at low water. I obtained
this same species at the Samoan Islands in 1865.
182
THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
List of Australian Game Birds and other species which should be
protected by the " Game Preservation Act," — by E. Pierson
Ramsay, F.L.S., Curator of the Museum, Sydney.
Local or Vulgar and
Scientific Name.
Months
of
Breeding.
Distribution
of
Species.
Tt
.
a
nl
CO
£
m
CO
a
o
-4J
CO
a
a
ce
a
CO
a
CO
!Z5
^
a>
\>
DQ
£
Laughing Jackass or Giant
r -^ i
CO
Kingfisher (Dacelo gigas)
to 53
-X"
*
*
*
Leache's Giant Kingfisher
a rO
<]j O
CD
(Dacelo leachii) Vic/, and
1
/loraf.
S0
*
*
and (Dacelo cervina) var.
"3 T3
i-s a r
"""?
The Lyre-bird or Menura
c3
(Menura superba)
a as
-"-
Port Phillip Lyre-bird (M.
Victoria) var. ...
-'i*
#
#
Prince Albert's Lyre-bird (M.
££
Alberti)...
I & J
*"
*
fruit-eating pigeons and
DOVES
Swains on's Fruit - Pigeon,
a
Dove (Ptilinopus SWA1N-
Q
sonii Gould)
+3
*
j«
*\
Ewing's Fruit-Pigeon, Dove
Q
(P. ewingii Gould)
g
*
Superb Fruit-Pigeon, Dove
53 c
(P. Superbus) ...
CD n>
ft a
•«?
*
#
Magnificent Fruit - Pigeon
(Megaloprepia magnifica)
"5 ^
w
#
The North Australian, var. of
a CM
CD O
same (M. magnifica var.
c
ASSIMILIS.)
(25
*
White-headed Fruit-Pigeon
CD
(Leucomel.ena norfolci-
o
ENSIS)
-:;-
*
#
Torres Straits Fruit -Pigeon
o
(Myristicivora spilorrhoa)
$ov. to Jan.
#
*
OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
183
List op Australian Game Birds, &c,
(Continued).
Distribution of
M onths
Species.
•ri
.
Local or Vulgar and
Scientific Name.
of
Breeding.
£
CD
a
a
It
CO
e8
"a
CO
a
<<
08
-J)
o
o
<
a
CO
+3
rf
fc
>
CQ
£
THE CROWNED, OR " TOP-KNOT "
PIGEON.
October and
Flock Pigeon, &c. (Lopho-
November to
LAIMUS ANTARCTICUS)
January.
"
#
*
GROUND PIGEONS AND DOVES.
Green-backed Ground Dove
^ -:
(Chalcophaps chryso-
a; fl
M 1-3
clora) ... .*!?
*
*
*
Northern var. of same species
J > o
(Cha. longirostris Gould)
^
#
*?
The Wonga-wonga Pigeon
+3 C
(Leucosarcia, picata) ...
I O J
*?
*?
BRONZE-WINGED PIGEONS, ETC.
Bronze-winged Pigeon, the
Aug., Sept.,
Common Bronze wing, &c,
Oct., to end of
(Phaps chalcoptera) ...
Dec.
*
#
*
""*
*"*
*
*
Elegant Brbnzewing, Scrub
. Bronzewing, &c. (Ph.
July, August
elegans) ...
to December
3»
*
*
"""
*
-?r
The Harlequin Bronzewing
November to
(Phaps histrionica)
Jan. and Feb.
S/L
#
*
Jfc
The Partridge Bronzewing
November to
(Geophaps scripta)
end of Jan.
S
#?
->:-
75"
Smith's Bronzewing (Geo-
phaps Smithii) ...
Aug. to Nov.
Probably
t&
*
Plumed Bronzewing (Lopho-
during July,
PHAPS PLUMIEERA)
Aug. & Sept.
*
*
*
aF
Rust-colored Plumed Bronze-
July, August
wing (Loph. ferruginea)
September.
*
184
THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
List op Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.)
Local or Vulgar and
Scientific Name.
Months
of
Breeding.
Distribution of
Species.
T3
CO
cS
CO
a
CD
CO
.2
o
CO
Pi
Eg
'3
1
.
3
a5
&
53
©■
f>
OQ
H
The Crested Bronzewing
(OXYPHAPS LOPHOTES) ...
White-quilled Bronzewing
Rock Bronzewing, var.
(Petrophassa albipennis)
ground doves.
Barred-shouldered Dove (Geo-
pelia humeralis Gould)
The Peaceful Dove (Geope-
LIA TRANQUILLA GoulcT) ...
The Placid Dove (Geopelia
placida) ...
The Little Turtle Dove (Geo-
pelia cuneata) ...
Large-tailed Scrub Pigeon
(Macropggia phasianella)
MOUND RAISING BIRDS.
The Wattled Talegalla or
Brush Turkey (Talegal-
LUS LATHAMl)
Tlie Mallee Hen (Leipoa),
(Leipoa occellata")
Australian Megapode (Meoa-
podius tumulus)
turnices, quail, &c, and
allied genera.
The Black-breasted Turnix
(TURNIX MELANOGASTER
Gould)
Nov., Dec,
and Jan.
Probably
from Aug. to
Dec.
July, Aug.,
Sept. and Oct
r
o
]
r o
fecQ
>>
L ^ J
Oct., Nov., to
end of Dec.
*
Sept. to Jan.
Oct. to Feb.
Oct., Nov., to
end of Feb.
I
Sept. to Feb.
*
*
*
*
J#
*
*
*
*
4^
#
*
■%.
*£
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Ji
j¥
*
*
*
*
OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
185
List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.}
*
Distribution of
Local or Vulgar and
Months
of
Breeding.
Species.
a
03
e3
-J-3
en
Scientific Name.
CO
<
co
a
CD
d
eg
•rH
o
co
pi
<
a
a
CO
3
-4-3
CO
CD
fc
5
O"
t>
xji
H
£
The Varied Tnrnix Painted
Quail (Turnix varius) ..
The Speckled Turnix (Tur-
nix SCINTILLANS, Gould)...
The Black-backed Turnix
(Turnix melanotus)
The Chestnut-backed Tur-
nix (Turnix castanotus,
Gould)
The Swift-flying Hernipode
(Turnix (Hemipodius) ve-
lox, Gould)
The Red-chested Hernipode
(Turnix (Jlemipodius)
PYRRHOTIIORAX) ...
The Collared Plain Wanderer
(Pedionomus torquatus)
perdices, true quails, and
allied species.
The Pectoral Quail, Stubble
Quail, &c. (Coturnix pec-
TORALIS, Gould) ...
The Swamp Quail, Brown
Quail, Garden Quail, &c.
(Synoicus Australis) ...
The Tasmanian Swamp Quail
(Synoicus diemenensis.
Gould) ;
Sept. to end
of Jan.
Probably
during Oct. to
end of Jan.
Probably
from Oct. to
end of Jan.
Oct. to end of
Feb.
Sept., Oct., to
Dec.
Sept., Oct., to
end of Dec.
Sept. to Feb.
Sept. to end
of Jan.
Oct. to Feb.
Oct to Feb
*
*-
*
* *
186
THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINtfEAN SOCIETY
List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.*)
Distribution of
Local or Vulgar and
Scientific Name.
Months
of
Breeding.
Species.
CO
-+3
00
<
■"3
a
S
3toria.
Aust.
'3
a
00
<
CO
iz;
fc
& > {CD
£
Probably
Sombre Swamp Quail (Synoi-
from Oct. to
CUS SORDIDUS, Gould)
Feb.
Probably
*
The Northern Swamp Quail
from Oct. to
(Synoicus cervinus)
Eeb.
*
*
The Least Swamp Quail,
King Quail, Chinese Quail,
&c. (Synoicus (Excalfato-
Oct. to end of
ria) sinensis, Gould)
Feb.
*
#
%r
*
*
GRALLATORES.
The Emu (Dromaius nov^e-
June, July,
Hollandi^e)
to Sept.
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Speckled or Spotted
Emu (Dromaius irrora-
tus, Bartl.)
July to Sept.
*
The Australian Cassowary
(Casuarius Australis,
July, Aug.,
Wall)
and Sept.
*
*
The Australian Bustard or
Plain Turkey (Eupodotis
Aug. to end
(Otis) Australis)
of Nov.
#
#
*
*
*
plovers and allied genera.
The Australian Stone Plover,
Land Curlew, &c. (CEdi-
Sept. to end
CNEMUS GRALLAR1US)
of Dec.
*
*
*
*
*
OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
187
List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.')
Distribution of
Local or Vulgar and
Months
Species.
,
1
c3
-4-3
CO
Scientific Name.
of
£
s
A
cj
' <~\
3
Breeding.
CO
CO
-4-3
CO
i— i
c3
<
m
<
o
o
3
a
CO
-4-5
to
fc
iS
a»
t>
GO
c3
£
The Thick-knee, Large-billed
Probably
Shore Plover, &c. (Esacus
during Sept.
j
MAGNIROSTRIS)
to Nov.
*
*
The White-breasted Oyster-
1
catcher (HffiMATOPUS
Sept. to end
LONGIROSTRIS, Vicill.)
of Dec.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Sooty Oyster-Catcher
(H^MATOPUS FULIGINOSUS.
Sept. to end
Gould)
of Dec.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Spur- winged Plover
Sep! . t > end
(LOBIVANELLUS LOBATUS) . . .
of Jan.
*
*
*
*
*
The Masked Spur-wing Plover
" Wattled Plover," &c.
Aug., Sept.,
(LOBIVANELLUS PERSONATUs)
and Oct.
*
The Black-breasted Plover
Sept. to end
(Sarciophorus pectoralis)
of Jan.
Not known
*
*
*
*
The Grey Plover (Charadrius
to breed in
(Squatarola) helvetica) . . .
Australia.
Notyetfound
*
*
*
*
*•
*
*
The Golden Plover (Carad-
breeding in
RIUS LONGIPES) ...
Australia.
Probably
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Austi-alian Dotterel
during Sept.;
(EUDROMIAS AUSTRALIS) . . .
not known.
Not known
*
*
*
The Asiatic (?) Dotterel
to breed in
(EUDROMIAS VEREDUS)
Australia.
Not found
*
The Ring-Dotterel (^Egialitis |
breeding in
hiaticula) ... ... 1
Australia. *
188
THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.)
Distribution of
Local or Vulgar and
Scientific Name.
Months
of
Breeding.
Species.
£
+3
CO
0
a
CO
a
.5
-hi
CO
*
03
CO
<
CQ
<
CP
OJ
O
O
<
a
CO
CB
ft
ft
&
£
16
h
£
The Hooded Dotterel (Mgia-
Oct. to end
litis monarcha)
of Dec.
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Black-breasted Dotterel
Oct. to end
(^Egialitis nigrifrons)...
of Dec.
*
*
*
*
*
The Red-capped Dotterel
(yEGIALITIS RUFICAPILLUS)
Oct. to Jan.
Not known ;
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Allied Dotterel (Mgi-
probably Oct.
ALITIS INORNATUS)
to Jan.
Not known
3fp
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Double-banded Dotterel
probably Oct.
(^Egialitis bicinctus) ...
to Jan.
*
*
*
*
*
The " Banded Bed-knee,"
Bed-kneed Dotterel (Ery-
Sept. Oct. to
THROGONYS CINCTUS,\G ouhl)
end of Dec.
Not known
*
*
*
*
Bartram's Sandpiper (Acti-
to breed in
turus bartramius)
Australia.
Not known
*
The Australian Pratincole
to breed in
(G-lareola grail aria, Temm.)
Australia.
Not known
*
*
*
The Oriental Pratincole
to breed in
(Glareola Oiientalis)
Australia.
*
The White-headed Stilt
(HlMANTOPUS LEUCOCEPHA-
September to
lus, Gould)
December.
*
*
*
*
*
;fc
The Banded Stilt (Clador-
HYNCHUS PECTORALIS, Gould)
Probably from
Sept. to Dec. ; not
yet found breeding
*?
*
*
*
OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
1S9
List of Australian Game Birds,
(Continued.)
&c.
Distribution of
Local or Vulgar and
Months
of
Breeding.
Species.
fe
a
03
CO
Scientific Name.
CQ
CO
pi
1a
0
CD
CD
d
.r-t
(1
O
'3
03
a
<
03
CD
!*i
»
m
c3
*
The Red-necked Avocet (Ke-
CURVIROSTRA RUBRICOLLIS,
Probably from
Temm.)
Sept. to Dec. ; not
yet found bleeding
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Black-tailed Godwit
~5a
+3 ^ ^
(Lirnosa rnelanuroides, Gould)
COM
*
The Barred-rumped Godwit
O ** CD
(Lirnosa uropygialis)
CD i— i
*
*
*
*
*
^
*
The Marsh Tringa (Tringa
aocnminata, Horsf.)
8 gf •
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Knot (Tringa canutus, L.)
id +3 ^- r— 1
CO CD t*
*
The Great Sandpiper (Tringa
h3 O
d °
tenuirostris, Horsf.)
c .5 .. 2 r
*
*?
*
The Little Sandpiper (Tringa
15 ^ ^ n
ft 0> _ .
(A ctodromus) Australis, Cuv. )
C CD ,ii fc*
*
*
*
*
^
*
*
The Curlew Sandpiper (Tringa
(Scliceniclus) subarquata,
Gilld.)
8 ? E'a
5 g1 = a
*
*
*
%
*
*
*
The Terek Sandpiper (Tere-
TO — ~ D
<D <D 2
kia cinerea)
&.5.S.S J
*
The Common Sandpiper,
f S.S a J5 1
Tringoides hypoleucus L.
(Actitis empusa, Goidd) ...
j- o a> a
S 9 <s
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Green Shank (Glottis
TO ^- H
glottoides, Gould)
L, O ^ CD
*
*
*.
*
*
*
*
The Marsh Sandpiper (To-
1 S o ^.«m
tanus stagnatilis, Temm)...
.v ^1 —
*
The Grey-rumped Sandpiper
g B ..§
(Totanus brevipes, Cuv.)..
S^ 5 a
*
The Turnstone (Cinclus
c s t--a
.— — -^ -^>
(Strepsilas) interpres)
o ® § to
. k5<.S J
* *
1
*
*
*
*
190
THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
{Continued.)
Distribution of
Local or Vulgar and
Months
of
Breeding.
Species.
c3
cS
CO
Scientific Name.
CO.
<
CD
CD
.3
0
0
CO
'3
a
0
<l
03
*
&
• i-t
aj
c3
£
f .9 2 ~ "5. "1
The Australian Snipe (Gal-
a fe ■" 5P !
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
LINAGO AUSTRALIS)
Does
N.S.
breed
Feb.
The Painted Snipe (Rhynchcea
Australis)
9<
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Australian Curlew, Long-
to a
billed Whinibrel, &c. (Nu-
i~ .a
MENIUS CYANOPUS)
— So
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Austi-alian Whimbrel
(NUMENIUS UROPYGIALIS,
o5 *
_ 3? d
Gould)
o "►a
^
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Little Whimbrel (Nu-
MENIUS MINOR, ScM.)
_ub'S
I fc fc -a J
*
*
*
*
*
The Straw-necked Ibis (Ge-
•o is 2 a 1
S?5 3
RONTICUS SPINICOLLIS) ...
- — h^
*
*
*
*
The White Ibis (Ibis) Thres-
•3 £ J a
kiornis, strictipennis) ...
a> ° id
n <D CD X
*
*
*
*
The Glossy Ibis (Ibis, (Fal-
j; 0) **
m — d
cinellus) igneus) ...
■< 2 •- - <u
*
*
*
*
*
The "Royal Spoonbill (Plata-
o >s a t>
« ^ a o
lea regia) Gould ...
O ^1 (D CO
*
*
*
*
The Yellow-legged Spoonbill
H >> a
(Plataleaflavipes, Gould)
o 607; 0
*
*
*
*
gruid^e, true cranes.
The Australian Crane, Native
Companion, &c. (Grus Aus-
Oct. to end
TRALASIANUS, Gould)
of Jan.
*
*
*
*
*
OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
191
List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.)
Local or Vulgar and
Scientific Name.
Months
of
Breeding.
Distribution of
Species.
a
CO
O3
cyconid^e, storks, etc.
The Jabiru, Gigantic Crane,
&c. (Xenorhynchus Aus-
TRALIS
ARDEID^E, herons, etc.
The Common Heron (Ardea
cinerea, Linn.) ...
The Great-billed Heron
(Ardea sumatrana, Baffles)
The Pacific Heron (Ardea
pacifica, Lath.')...
The White-fronted Heron,
Blue Crane, <kc. (Ardea
Novje-Hollandle)
The Australian Egret, Large
White Crane (Herodias
alba, Linn.)
The Plumed Egret, Smaller
White Crane, &c. (Hero-
dias EGRETTOIDES)
The Spotless Egret (Hero-
dias MELANOPUS)
The Little Egret (Herodias
garzetta)
The Sombre Egret (Herodias
asha)
Sept., Oct. to
Jan.
Sept., Oct. to
end of Feb.
Sept., Oct., to
end of Feb.
Sept. to Dec.
r tc-tj - ->
C 3 o
•g n
o • -
■ Oh!
t. o O
££
•gs- .
1 s =
2 So
j= ,.
g*f
o t
a a r
.2 M-=
+3 C
cS — 'S
c T3 o>
H O Q
h o h
O t- £1
"S-O
2 *>
>° o-2
S 1 2 a
2-~4
No
the
they
and
* *
*
*
*
*
*
*
!'.)!'
THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
{Continued.)
Distribution of
Months
Species.
n3
Local or Vulgar and
of
Breeding.
a
CS
CO
Scientific Name.
4^'
CO
CO
a
CD
CD
■i
o
o
CO
Pi
<
'3
a
2
CO
fc
fc
G>
>
m
£
f a«»^r 1
The Pied Egret (Herodias
.2 53 S 3 5;
picata) ...
h<S o £ ■»
"*
The Blue Reef-Heron, White
"
ole info
'. respec
time
they i
ringOc
1 Jan.
Reef Heron, Grey's Reef
Heron, &c. (Herodias
cS S SO . . S 3
sacra)
No re
on rec
breed
specie
breed
Dec,
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Nankeen Night Heron
(Nycticorax Caledonicus)
•
Oct. to Jan.
*
*
*
*
*
*
bitterns and allied genera.
Breeding months
The Australian Bittern (Bo-
TAURUS AUSTRALIS) Gould
not known ; prob-
ably from Oct. to
Dec.
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Yellow-necked Mangrove
Bittern (Butoroides fla-
VICOLLIS) ...
Oct. to Jan.
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Thick-billed Mangrove
Bittern (Butoroides mac-
rorhyncha)
Sept. to Jan.
*
*
*
The Little Mangrove Bittern
(Butoroides javanica)...
Oct. to Jan.
Breeding months
*
*
Minute Bittern, Reed Bittern,
not known ; prob-
&c. (Ardetta pusilla) . . .
ably from Oct. to
Dec.
*
*
*
rails, water hens, and
ALLIES.
The Black-backed Porphyrio,
Red-bill, &c. (Porphyrio
Aug. to end
MELANOTUS)
of Nov.
*
*
*
*
*
OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
193
List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.)
Distribution of
Local or Vulgar and
Months
of
Breeding.
Species.
,
a
c3
e3
CO
Scientific Name.
CO
CO
<
CO
PI
CD
<B
8
o
-4^
CO
0
'3
a
02
<
-4-3
(0
&
fe
&
t>
OQ
o3
£
The Azure-breasted Porphy-
rio, West Australian Red-
Au^. to end
bill (POKPHYRIO BELLUS). . .
of Nov.
*
mortier's TRIBONYX.
Native Hen, Swamp Hen, &c.
(Tribonyx Mortieri, Du
Oct., Nov.,
Bus.)
and Dec.
*
The Black-tailed Tribonyx,
Moor Hen, Swamp Hen,
Oct., Nov.,
&c. (Tribonyx ventralis)
and Dec.
*
*
*
*
*
The Sombre Gallinule, Water
Hen, &c. (Gallinula tene-
Sept., Oct.,
brosa)
and Dec.
The Rufous-vented Gallinule
(Gallinula ruficrissa)...
*
Tbe Australian Coot, White-
billed Water Hen, &c.
Sept., Oct.,
*
(FULICA AUSTRALIS)
and Dec.
The Pectoral Rail, Land
Rail (Rallus, (Hypotceni-
Sej)t., Oct.,
dia) Philippensis)
Nov. & Dec.
#■
*
*
*
*
*?
*
Lewin's Rail, Water Rail,
(Rallus brachipus,*SWmW)
Oct to Dec.
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Chestnut - bellied Rail,
No record-
EULABEORNIS CASTANEIVEN-
probably Oct.
tris, Gould)
to Dec.
*
*?
The Spotted Water Crake,
(PORZANA FLUMINEA)
Sept. to Dec.
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Little Water Crake,
(PORZANA PALUSTRIS)
Sept. to Dec.
*
*
*
*
*
*
194
THE PROCEEDJNGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.')
Local or Vulgar and
Scientific Name.
Months
of
Breeding.
Distribution of
Species.
CO
The Tabuan Water Crake,
Spotless "Water Rail, &c,
(PORZANA TABUENSIS) ...
The White-eye-browed Water
(Crake, (Porzana, (Erythrd)
quadristrigata) ...
natatores; anatid.e, ducks,
GEESE, ifec, AND THEIR ALLIES.
The Black Swan, (Cygnus,
(Chenopis) atratus)
Cereopsis Goose, Cape Ban-en
Goose, &c. (Cereopsis
NOV7E-HOLLANDI.E)
The Maned Goose, Wood
Duck, &c, (Chlamydochen
jubata) ...
The semi - palmated Goose,
Black and white Goose,
Pied Goose, &c, (Anser-
ANAS MELANOLEUCA)
The Green - backed Pigmy
Goose, Little Goose, &c,
(Nettapus pulchellus,
Gould)
The White-quilled Pygmy
Goose, (Nettapus albipen-
nis, Gould)
The Radjah Shieldrake,
White-headed Wood Duck,
&c. (Tadorna radjah, Eyton)
Sept. to Dec.
Oct. to Dec.
Oct. to end
of Jan.
July to Oct.
Sept., Oct.,
to end of Dec.
Oct. to end
of Jan.
Dec. k Jan.
Oct., Nov. to
end of Dec.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*?
*
OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
195
List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.)
Distribution of
Local or Vulgar and
Months
of
Species.
a
ca
cS
CO
Scientific Name.
Breeding.
CO
<
a
CD
CD
C3
3
co
'3
cS
a
<
CO
CO
fc
5
©"
>
GO
c3
£
The Chestnut-colored Shiel-
drake, New-Holland Shiel-
drake, Great White-winged
Duck, Mountain Duck, &c.
(Casarca tadornoides,
Oct. Nov. and
Eyton)
Dec.
*
*?
*
*
*
*
The Australian Wild Duck,
Black Duck, Grey Duck,
&c, (Anas superciliosa,
July, Aug. to
Gmel.)
end of Dec.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Australian Teal (Anas punc-
Sept. to end
tata, Cuv.)
of Dec.
*"
*?
*
*
*
*
*
The Freckled Duck (Anas
No records ; prob-
n^evosa) ...
ably during Oct.
to end of Dec.
*
The Australian Shoveller,
Blue-winged Shoveller, &c.
Oct. to end
(Spatula RHYNCHOTis,Za^A.)
of Jan.
*
*
Pink-eyed Duck, Zebra Duck,
Little Shoveller, Whistling
Duck, (Malacorhynchus
Oct. to end
MEMBRANACEUS) ...
of Jan.
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Whistling Wood Duck
Nov. and Dec.
(Dendrocygna vagans) . . .
to March.
No records of time
*
*
*
*
*
*
Eyton's Wood Duck (Lepto-
tarsis {Dendrocygna) eytoni)
of breeding ; prob-
ably from Nov. to
March.
*
*
*
White-eyed Duck, White-
No record of
winged Duck, Brown Duck
the time of
&c. (Nyroca Australis)
breeding.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
196
THE rllOCEEDlNGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
List op Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.')
Distribution of
Local or Vulgar and
Scientific Name.
Months
of
Breeding.
Species.
<
a
OS
m
a
03
"s
o
a
03
a
5
izTO2
-i-i
ui
£
Blue-billed Duck (Erisma-
Sept. to end
TURA AUSTRALIS, Eytori)...
November.
*
*
*
The Musk Duck (Biziura
Sept. to end
lobata)
of Jan.
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Latin names of those
birds not considered as " Game "
in Australia are in ordinary type ; those of the "Game Birds"
in small capitals.
Addenda, including certain
Birds worthy of protection on
account of their beauty
and rarity, and which, without
protection, would soon become extinct.
The White-bellied Plumed
Bronzewirjg (Lophophaps
LENCOG ASTER, GouhV)
No records
*
*
The Red-necked Rail, Red
Scrub Rail, &c. (Rallina
tricolor)...
Sept. to Dec.
*
*
The Grass Parrot (Pezopo-
RUS FORMOSUS) ...
Oct. to Jan.
*
*
*
The Night Parrot (Geopsit-
TACUS OCCIDENTALIS)
No records
*
*
*
The Common Shore Gull
Oct., Nov.,
(Larus (Xema) Jamesonii)
and Dec.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Great White-bellied Sea
Eagle (Haliaf.tus leucogas-
Sept. to end
ter)
of Jan.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Pelican (Pelicanus con-
Nov. to end
spicillatus, Temm.)
of Feb.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 197
Mr. E. P. Ramsay, the Curator of the Australian Museum,
exhibited a skin of a supposed new species of Poephila, a very
beautiful species of finch from the table-lands some 60 miles inland
from Rockingham Bay, North-East Australia, and made the fol-
lowing remarks : —
"This bird, although closely allied to Poephila gouldice {Gould),
might be considered a distinct species, on account of the differences
in the tint of coloring which pervades the pectoral band, the color
of the under tail-coverts, and the lengthened form of the centre
two tail feathers. If Poephila gouldice and P. mirabilis (Homb.
and Jacq.) be really distinct species as stated by Mr. Gould,
then the present bird must be looked upon as a third, closely allied,
and intermediate species ; but if otherwise, then this will probably
prove to be identical with P. gouldice, and that species to be the
female of P. mirabilis, as originally stated by Messrs. Hombron
and Jacquinot (Bomb, and J acq. Toy. au Pole Sud.) The length-
ened tail feathers, and narrow line of blue feathers which surrounds
the black face and throat of the present specimen, and its bluish
upper tail-coverts, lead me to this conclusion. Without a careful
examination of a good series of specimens, of both sexes, in various
stages of plumage from the young to the adult, the matter must
remain an open question, as the present bird shows characters
already recorded, noticeable in both Poephila gouldice and P. mira-
bilis. If, however, Mr. Gould be correct in separating them, then,
as I re marked before, we have a third species intermediate between
them, and which may be described as follows : — Plumage same as in
Poephila gouldice (Gould), but having the black of the throat and
face extending conspicuously beyond and round the eye, and over
the whole of the earcoverts, bounded by a narrow line of blue appar-
ently all round* ; across the chest a band of buff-tinted feathers
margined with rosy lilac or light lilac-purple, which almost obscures
the buffy tinge ; under tail-coverts white ; upper tail-coverts
greenish blue, the outer series blue : tail black, the centre two
* Skin mutilated behind the ear-coverts ; the blue line plainly visible on the
crown of the head, behind the eye, and on the throat.
198 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
feathers elongated, tapering, pointed, extending 0-6 in. beyond the
l'emainder ; bill bluish white at base, tip, and the lower mandible
red ; legs yellow. Total length to tip of lateral tail feathers,
4 in. ; wing 2-6 in. ; tarsus, 06 ; bill, 045; tail, 1-3, to tip of
centre feathers, 1 -9. All the upper surface is green ; and the
wing-quills brown as in P. gouldice.
Rah. North-east Australia.
"I shall not propose any new name at present for this bird, as
I am by no means sure that it and P. gouldice may not hereafter
prove to be females of P. mirabilis.
" I append short descriptions of Poephila gouldice and P. mira-
bilis for the benefit of our friends in the country, especially those
who may be living in the districts frequented by these lovely birds,
that they may be enabled to distinguish them afc once; and would
direct their attention to the above remarks, hoping that some
liberal-minded person, willing to aid science, may be induced to
procure and forward specimens to the Museum, f and thereby
greatly assist in clearing up any doubts which may exist respecting
the validity of the species, and add to our Museum one more
species new to the already large collection of Australian birds
exhibited there.
" I am indebted .to Mr. W. G. Armit, of Queensland, for this
specimen : —
Poephila gouldice, Gould.
Amadina gouldice, (Gould ), Bds. Aust., fol. vol. 3, pi. 88 ; id.
Handbook Bds. Aust., vol. 1, p. 420.
Poephila 'mirabilis, (female), Homb. el Jacq. Toy. au Pole Sud.
" All the upper surface of the body green ; quills of the wings
brown ; tail black ; head, and front and sides of the throat black,
bounded by a narrow line of verditer-green ; across the breast a
broad band of lilac-purple, all the under surface shining wax-
yellow ; bill, red flesh color at the base.
f Instructions for preserving specimens of Natural History may be obtained
from Mr. E. P. Ramsay, the Curator at the Australian Museum.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 199
" Total length, 3f in. ; bill, f in. ; wing, 2£ in. ; tail, 2J ; tarsi,
fin. Gould, Handbook Bds. Aust. 1, p. 421.
Poephila mirabilis, Homb. et Jacq.
" Crown of the head and cheeks of a beautiful carmine, bounded
posteriorly with a narrow line of black ; throat black, to this suc-
ceeds a band of pale blue narrow on the throat, and broad on the
back of the neck ; back and wings green, passing into yellow on
the nape of the neck ; breast crossed by a broad band of lilac, sepa-
rated from the yellow of the abdomen by a narrow line of orange ;
rump and upper tail coverts pale blue ; quills brown ; tail black ;
bill fleshy white, becoming redder at the tip ; feet, flesh-color."
Mr. Gould figures this species with tail feathers at least 2J? in.
in length ; but gives no measurements in the text. Length, about
6 inches.
MONDAY, 31st JULY, 1876.
William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.
The following Donations were announced : —
The Shells of Tasmania, by the Author — the Rev. J. E.
Tenison Woods, F.L.S., F.G.S.
Hints for the Preservation of Specimens of Natural History —
by E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., Curator Australian Museum.
The Secretary announced that the Rev. J. E. Tenison Woods,
F.L.S., F.G.S., had been elected by the Council a Corresponding
Member of the Society.
Mr. Ramsay exhibited a male and female specimen of the very
rare and beautiful Zylopsyche Staceyi, Scott, from the neighbour-
hood of Newcastle.
The following papers were read : —
Shells collected during the Ch evert Expedition, by John Brazier,
fc.M.Z.S.
Class Gasteropoda.
Sub-Family Purpurin^e.
1. — Purpura (Thalessa) mancinella.
Murex mancinella, Linn. Gmel., p. 3538, No. 47.
Purpura mancinella, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 239.
200 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Purpura mancinella, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 1, species 2.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Found on the reefs under
blocks of coral at low water.
2. — Purpura (Thalessa) echinata.
Purpura echinata, De Blainville, Nouv. Ann. da Mns.,pl. 11, f. 2.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 7, species 33.
Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reefs under
coral. Also found at Port Darwin (Mr. Bednallj.
3. — Purpura (Thalessa) hippocastanum.
Murex Jiippocastanum, Linn. Gmel., p. 3559, No. 48.
Purpura liippocastanum, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 238.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 8, species 34a.
Sab. Barnard Islands No. 3, North-East Australia ; Darnley
Island, Torres Straits. Specimens very small.
4. — Purpura (Cronia) amygdala.
Purpura amygdala, Kiener, Icon. coq. 9, pi. 10, f. 26.
Buccinum amygdala, Reeve, Conch, Icon., pi. 8, species GO.
Hab. Home Islands, off Cape Grenville, North-East Australia;
also Moreton Bay, Port Denison, Port Jackson and Port Darwin
(Brazier).
5. — SlSTRUM OCHROSTOMA.
Ricinula ochrostoma, De Blainville, Nouv. Ann. du Mus. p. 205.
„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 4, species 31.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Found in coral at low
watei*.
6. — Sistrum concatenatus.
Murex concatenates, Lister, t. 954, f. 5.
„ y, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 176.
Ricinula concatenata, Reeve, Conch. Icon,, pi. 3, species 18a. 18b.
Hab. Warrior Reef and D largeness Island, Torres Straits.
Found at low water under broken coral.
7. — Sistrum muricatus.
Ricinula muricata, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi 5, species 39.
Hab. Home Islands off Cape Grenville, North-East Australia.
Found on the reef at low water.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 201
8. SlSTRUM Anaxares.
Purpura Anaxares, Duclos, Kiener, Icon. Coq., Viv. p. 26, pi.
7, f. 17.
., ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 12, species 61.
Hah. Home Islands, off Cape Grenville, North-East Australia;
Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Found under stones and coral on
the reefs at low water. Also found by ine at Port Makera, San
Christoval, Solomon Islands.
9. SlSTRUM MARGINALBUM.
Ricinula marginalba, De Blainville, Nouv. Ann. du Mus.
Hah. Barrow Island, North-East Australia, found under stones.
Reeve and other authors appear to connect this species with
Sistrum tuberculatum, De Blanville, from which, however, it is
quite distinct. It is a common Polynesian shell.
10.— CORALLIOPHILA SQUAMULOSUS.
Purpura squamidosus, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 12, species 68.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. One splendid specimen
found in a block of coral at low water.
Sub-Family Rap an isle.
11. — Rapa papyracea.
Bulla rapa, Linn. Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1184.
Pyrula papyracea, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 144.
Rapa tenuis, Martini, Conch., 3t. 68 f. 747, 749.
Pyrula rapa, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 7, species 21.
Rapa tenuis, H. and A. Adams, Recent Moll., vol. 3, pi. 14, fig. 8.
,, papyracea, Chenu., Manuel de Conch, p. 173, fig. 857.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. One very large specimen
was obtained at the depth of 15 fathoms, on a rough bottom of coral
and stones.
This genus was separated from Pyrula by Klein in 1753.
Fam. Dactylid^e.
12. — Dactylus (Porphyria) viridescens.
Oliva viridiscens, Martini.
„ sangu'molenta, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 426.
55 >>
202 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Oliva Duclos, Olives, pi. 20, fig. 15, 16.
Sticphonia tricolor, Gray, Proc. Zool., London, 1858, p. 42.
Oliva viridiscens, Marrat in Sowerby's Thes. Conch., vol. 4,
p. 1G, Oliva, pi 12, fig. 171.
Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea. Found on the reef under
stones at low water.
13. — Dactylus (Porphyria) porphyriticus.
Oliva porphyritica, Martini.
„ erythrostoma, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 419.
Duclos, Olives, pi. 13, fig. 4, 5.
Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 5, fig. 7.
Strephona erythrostoma, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1853,
p. 42.
Oliva ( Ispjidula) erythrostoma, Cbenu., Manuel de Conch., p. 177,
fig. 877.
Oliva porphyritica, Marrat in Sowerby's Thes. Concb., "vol. 4,
p. 12, Oliva, pi. 7, fig. 105, 106.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on sandy flats at
half-tide.
14. — Dactylus (Ispidula) cozrulens.
Oliva ccerulea, Bolten.
,, episcop>alis, Lam., Anim- Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 422.
„ „ Duclos, Olives, pi. 10, f. 11, 12.
Strephonia episcopalis, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1858,
p. 42.
Oliva ccerulea, Marrat, in Sowerby's Thes. Conch., vol. 4, p. 8.,
Oliva, pi. 4, fig. 49, 50.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Found on sand beaches
at half-tide.
15. — Dactylus (Cylindrus) tigrinus.
Oliva tigrina, Meuschen.
„ tesellata, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 430.
Duclos, Olives, pi. 27, fig. 1, 4.
Reeve, Concb., Icon., pi. 20, fig. 53.
kdcola tigrina, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1858, p. 49.
» >>
Gc
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 203
Oliva tigrina, Marrat in Sowerby's Thes. Conch., vol. 4, p. 19,
Oliva, pi. 15, fig. 222, 223, 224.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Found on the sands at
the edge of low water ; also at 5 fathoms sandy mud bottom.
16. — Olivella Caldania.
Oliva Caldania, Duclos, Olives, pi. 6, fig. 3, 4.
Olivina Caldania, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1858, p. 52.
Oliva Caldania, Marrat in Sowerby's Thes. Conch., vol 4, p. 11,
Oliva, pi. 6, fig. 97.
Hub. Mud Bay, Cape York, North Australia, 5,11 fathoms ;
sandy mud bottom ; Bet Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms, sandy
bottom.
Fam. Fasciolarud^e.
17. — Peristernia Australiensis.
Turbinella Australiensis, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 11, species 50.
Sab. Palm Island, North-East Australia. Found on the reefs
under coral.
18. — Leucozonia picta.
Turbinelta, jricta, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 4, species 19.
Hab. Katow, New Guinea. Found on sand beaches near the
mouth of the river ; one living specimen obtained.
Fam. Volutibve.
19. — Cymbium Geopgin^e.
Melo Georgince, Gray in Griffith's Cuvier's Animal Kingdom,
1833, pi. 34.
Melo mucronatus, Broderip in Sowerby, Species Conchyliorum,
1855, part 2, page 8.
Melo mucronatus, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 415, pi. 83,
fig. 23, 28.
» „ ,, „ vol. 3, p. 37G, Thes.
pi. 262, fig. 34.
Cymbium Georginaz, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 54.
„ „ Reeve, Conch., Icon., pi. 11 sp. 6a., pi. 12.,
sp. 6b.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found in pools on the reefs
at low water.
204 the proceedings of the linnean society
20. — Cymbium umbilicatum.
Melo umbilicatus, Broderip in Sowerby, Species Conchyliorum,
1855, part 2, p. 8.
Melo umbilicatus, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 416, pi. 83,
fig. 29, 30.
Hob. Low Island, Trinity Bay, North-East Australia ; Darnley
Island, Torres Straits.
21. — Cymbium Diadema.
Voluta diadema, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 239.
Melo Diadema, Broderip in Sowerby, Species Concliyliorum,
part 2, p. 5.
Melo Diadema, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 414, pi. 82,
fig. 1G, 17.
Cymbium Diadema, Gray, Proc, Zool. Society, London, 1855,
p. 54.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
This common species is found upon all reefs and sandbanks in
the Straits ; and is used by the Trepang and Pearl shell collectors
for holding water.
22. — Volutella flavicans.
Voluta flavicans, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3464.
,, volvacea, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 346.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 195, pi. 46,
fig. 3, pi. 51, fig. 60.
,, lugubris, Swainson, Exotic Conchology, 1841, p. 20, pi. 40.
„ ,, Catlow and Reeve, Conchologists, Nomenclator,
p. 307, sp. 61.
,, flavicans, Reeve, Conch, Icon., pi. 19, species 45b.
„ modesta, Wood, Suppl. Index, Test. 1828, p. 11, pi. 3,
fig. 24.
,, signifer, Broderip, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1847, p. 232.
Volutella valvacea, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1866, p. 63.
Voluta flavicans, Crosse, French Journal de Conch., 1871, vol.
J 9, p. 296.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 205
Bab. Katow, New Guinea. One fine specimen was found
crawling on a sandy mud beach at the edge of low water (Crazier);
Port Essington, North Australia (Mr. G. F. Angas).
23. — Aulica Sophia.
Voluta Sophia, Gray, Arm. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1847.
„ „ „ in Voyage H.M.S. Fly, vol. 2, p. 355,
pi. 1, hg. 12.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 10, species 21.
Volutella „ Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1855, p. 63.
Voluta ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 270, Voluta
pi. 12, Thes. pi. 261, fig. 132.
Voluta sophia (Scapha) Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1864.
„ ,, Crosse, French Journal de Conch., 1871, vol. 19,
p. 279.
Hah. Warrior Island, Torres Straits, found on a white sand
beach at the edge of low water (Brazier) ; Darnley Island, Torres
Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy mud bottom (Brazier) ; Endeavour
Straits, North Australia, Mr. Jukes ; Port Essington, by the late
Mr. John Murphy, when in company with the Leichhardt expedi-
tion, specimen in collection of Dr. Cox.
24. — Aulica pulchra.
Voluta pulchra, Sowerby, Tank. Cat. App. p. 28, pi. 4, fig. 2.
Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 199, pi. 51,
fig. 61.
„ ,, . Catlow and Reeve, Conchologist, Nomenclator,
p. 306, sp. 48.
,, „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 21, species 54a 54b.
Wood, Suppl. Index, Test. p. 10, pi. 3, fig. 6.
Scapha pulchra, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1855, p. 56.
Voluta „ Chenu Manuel de Conch., p. 190, fig. 969.
(Scapha) Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1864.
Crosse, French Journal de Conch., 1871, vol.
19, p. 278.
Sab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom (Brazier) ; Heron Island, North-East Coast of Australia,
206 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
the late Mr. John Maegillivray ; Lady Elliott's Island, North-
East Australia (Brazier).
25. — AULICA RUTILA.
Voluta rutila, Broderip, Zool. Journal, 1825, vol. 2, p. 30, pi. 3.
Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 1, p. 200, pi. 46, fig. 5, 6.
,, ,, Catlow and Reeve, Conchologists, Nonienclator.
p. 306, sp. 52.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 4, fig. 8.
Scapha rutila, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1855, p. 5C).
Voluta rutila, Chenu Manuel de Conch., p. 187, fig. 952.
„ ,, (Scapha) Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1864, p.
„ ,, Crosse, French Journal de Conch, 1871, vol. 19,
p. 279.
,, ,, aulica, Kiener.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found at low water on the
reefs, crawling in small pools (Brazier).
26. SCAPHELLA MACULATA.
Voluta maculata, Swainson, Exotic, Conch., p. 23, pi. 38.
Sca.phella maculata ,, Malacology, p. 101, fig. 7b.
Voluta „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 196. pi. 53,
fig. 85, 86.
,, ,, Catlow and Reeve, Conchologists, Nomenclator,
p. 307, sp. 31.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 13, fig. '30.
Amoria mactdata, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc , London, 1855, p. 64.
Voluta „ (Amoria) Angas, Zool. Soc, London, 1864.
,, ,, Crosse, French Journal de Conch., 1871, vol.
19, p. 292.
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia. Found on sand flats
inside the reefs at low water. The shells are generally occupied
by a species of Pagurus, or Hermit Crab.
Scaphella maculata was found by me in 1871 at Port Curtis,
Port Denison, and Fitzroy Island, North-East Australia. (Brazier).
of new south wales. 207
Fam. Mitrid.e.
27. MlTRA EPISCOPALIS.
Voluta episcoj)alis, Linn. Gmel. p. 3459, No. 94.
Mitra ejjlscojmlis, Lam., Anitn. Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 299.
„ „ Chenu. Manuel de Conch, p. 193, fig. 99G.
„ „ Sowerby, Tlies. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 1,
%. 3.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Found inside the reefs
on the sands at half-tide ; also under coral blocks on the reefs.
28. — Mitra cylandracea.
Mitra cylandracea, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London. 1844, p. 175.
,, ,, „ Conch. Icon., pi. 13, species 97.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 4, Mitra pi. 12,
fig. 188.
Hob. Warrior Eeef, Torres Straits, 8 fathoms, hard mud bottom.
One specimen found.
29. — Mitra lugubris.
Mitra lugubris, Swainson, Zool. Ulust.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 4, Mitra pi. 12,
fig. 201.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 fathoms, sandy bottom.
30. — Nebularia adusta.
Mitra adusta, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. "03.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 2, fig. 2G.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reef under
coral.
31. — Nebularia suturata.
Mitra saturata, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1845, p. 54.
„ „ „ Conch. Icon. pi. 34, species 282.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 1G,
fig. 585.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10, 20, 30 fathoms.
208 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
32. SCABRICOLA CRENIFERA.
Mitra crenifera, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 306.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 4, Mitra pi. 3,
fig. 29, 30.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. One specimen found at
30 fathoms, sandy mud bottom.
33. — SCARICOLA GRANATINA.
Mitra granatina, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 306.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 4, Mitra pi. 3, fig.
33, 34, 35.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. One specimen found with
Scabricola crenifera.
34. — Cancilla duplilirata.
Mitia duplilirata, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1845, p. 46.
„ „ ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 29, species, 229.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 25,
fig. 555.
Flab. Princess Charlotte Bay, North-East Australia, 14 fathoms,
sandy bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, white
sand bottom.
35. — Cancilla filaris.
Volutafitosa, Born. Mus., t. 9, f. 9, 10.
Mitra filosa, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 311.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra, pi. 7, fig.
82, 83.
Sab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reefs.
36. — Cancilla circulata.
Mitra circulata, Kiener, Icon. Coq., pi. 5, fig. 13.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 7, fig.
86, 87.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 fathoms;
bottom, sand in places, also sandy mud.
of new south wales. 209
37. — Cancilla hebes.
Mitra hebes, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1845, p. 55.
„ ,, ,, Conch. Icon. pi. 35, species 292.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 14, fig. 230.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom.
38. — Cancilla interlirata.
Mitra interlirata, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844, p. 173.
„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 10, species 70.
„ „ Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 19, fig. 369.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 12, 20 fathoms, mud
bottom ; Bet Island, Torres Straits, 1 1 fathoms, bottom, coarse
sand with broken stones and coral j Darnley Island, Torres Straits,
5, 10, 15, 20, 30 fathoms, bottom mud and sandy mud.
39. — Cancilla pura.
Mitra pura, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 13G.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra, pi. 25, fig. 566.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20 fathoms, sandy-
mud bottom, one specimen found ; Cape York, North Australia,
5 fathoms, bottom sand, three specimens found ; Warrior Reef,
west side Torres Straits, 8 fathoms, bottom hard mud, three speci-
mens found ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15, 20, 30 fathoms,
bottom sand with mud, eighteen found — all fine specimens; Katow,
New Guinea, 4 fathoms, mud specimens dead.
40. — Chrysame rotundilirata.
Mitra rotundilirata, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844,
p. 183.
„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 23, species 178.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., Mitra, pi. 16,
fig. 278.
Hab. Dai-nley Island, Torres Straits, 10, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom.
41. — Chrysame tabanula.
Mitra tabanula, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome 7. p. 323.
,, „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 39, species 332.
210 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Mitra tabanula, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 16,
fig. 280, 281.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reefs under
coral.
42. — Chrysame fraga.
Mitra fragra, Quoy and Gaimard.
„ perigra, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844, p. 184.
,, ,, ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 24, species 18G.
„ fraga, Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 4, Mitra pi. 16, fig. 284.
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia, found under coral on
the reefs at low water- — true specimen of the Mitra fraga, Quoy.;
Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found under coral and stones at
low water — Variety, Mitra peregra, Peeve.
43. — Strigatella Dichroa.
Mitra dichroa, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 140.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra, pi. 22,
fig. 463.
Hab. Dungeness Island, Torres Straits. One specimen found
on the reef under coral.
44. — Turricula costellarjs.
Mitra costellaris, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 308.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitoa, pi. 2,
fig. 25.
Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea. One dead specimen found on
the beach.
45. — Turricula corrugata.
Mitra corrugata, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 308.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. fig.
41, 42.
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia, found on the reef
under coral, four specimens obtained ; Cape York, North Australia,
one specimen found on the beach.
46. — Turricula plicata.
Mitra plicata, Klein.
Voluta plicaria, Linn. Gmel., p. 3452, No. 55.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 211
Mitra plicaria, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 307.
„ Chenu Manuel de Conch., p. 195, fig. 1013.
Mitra plicata, Sowerby, Tlies. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 2, tig. 26,
Hab. Low Island, Trinity Bay, North-East Australia. One
specimen found on the reef.
47. TURRICULA T^ENIATA.
Mitra tceniata, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7. p. 307.
„ Chenu Manuel de Conch, p. 196, fig. 1028.
„ ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 4, fig.
51, 52.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 5, 10 fathoms, white sandy
mud bottom. Two fine living specimens and two dead obtained.
48. — TURRICULA JUKESI.
Mitra Jukesii, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 139.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 9., r'g.
115, 116.
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia. One specimen found
on the reef under coral. Specimens in my own collection are from
Port Darwin, North-West Australia (by Mr. Bednall).
49. TURRICULA VULPECULA.
Volluta vulpecula, Linn. Gmel. p. 3451, No. 54.
Mitra „ Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 309.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 2,
fig. 13.
Hab. Daraley Island, Torres Straits. One living specimen was
found under coral on the reef.
50. — TURRICULA CURVILIRATA.
Mitra curvilirata, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 9,
fig. 128, 129.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, white sandy
bottom. Two specimens found.
212 the proceedings of the linnean society
51.— -Turricula Antonelli.
Mitra Antonelli, Dorhn, Proc.,Zool. Soc, London, 1860, p. 367.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 26,
fig. 586.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 fathoms, sandy bottom.
52. — Turricula Formosa.
Mitra formosa, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 138.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra, pi. 14,
fig. 235.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, white sandy
bottom. One specimen found.
53. — Turricula aurantia.
Voluta aurantia, Gmelin.
Mitra aurantiaca, Lam., Anim., Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 316.
„ Peronii, „ „ „ „ „ p. 322.
„ aurantia, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 15,
fig. 251.
Ilab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. One specimen found
under stones.
54. — Turricula hastata.
Mitra hastata, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 27, fig.
620, pi. 28, fig. 632.
Turricula casta, A. Adams, not Solander.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom.
The name casta having been previously occupied by Solander,
Mr. Sowerby changed the name as above.
55. COSTELLARIA ARENOSA.
Mitra arenosa, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome, 7, p. 321.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 20, fig.
423, 426.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Two specimens found
under stones.
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 213
56. COSTELLARIA AMANDA.
Mitra amanda, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1845, p. 59.
„ ,, ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 38, fig. 318.
Sowerby, Thes. Conch., Mitra pi. 26, fig. 592.
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia, 8 fathoms, mud
bottom; Princess Charlotte Bay, North-East Australia, 13 fathoms,
sandy mud bottom ; Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20, 30
fathoms, fine white sandy mud bottom ; Evans Bay, Cape York,
6 fathoms, coarse sand bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits,
5, 10, 20, 30 fathoms bottom mud, fine sand, and sandy mud. I
have dredged the same species in Noumea Harbour, New Cale-
donia, at various depths from a mud bottom.
57. — COSTELLARIA MlCHAUI.
Mitra Michaui, Cross and Fischer, French Journal de Conch.,
1864, vol. 12, p. 337.
,, rigida, Reeve, Conch. Icon. p. 22, species 169.
„ MicJiaudi, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 10,
fig. 157.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. One fine specimen found
on the reef under a block of coral.
58. COSTELLARIA ARMILLATA.
Mitra armillata, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1845. p. 58.
„ „ ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 37, species 315.
., „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch , vol. 4, pi. 22, fig. 496.
Hab. Mud Bay, Cape York, North Australia. One specimen
found on the beach.
59. COSTELLARIA LUBENS.
Mitra lubens, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1845, p. 61.
„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 39, species 331.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 24, fig. 542.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15 fathoms rough saxylff?
bottom. /^V^lM
214 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
60. COSTELLARIA LONGISPIRA.
Mltra longispira, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 20,
fig. 403, page 36.
tiab. Palm Island, North-East Australia, 8 fathoms mud bottom.
One tine living specimen found.
61. COSTELLARIA DEL1CATA.
Mitra delicata, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851,
p. 137.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15 fathoms, s mdy mud
bottom.
62. — Callithea. oblescus.
Mitra oblescus, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844, p. 175.
„ Conch. Icon., pi. 15, species 107.
Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 9, fig.
126, 127.
Hob. Cape York, North Australia, 11 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms mud
bottom.
63. — Cylindra crenulata.
Voluta crenulata, Chemn. Conch. lOt 150, fig. 1413, 1414.
Mitra „ Lun., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, page 315.
„ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 18,
fig. 345.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres '-traits. One specimen found
under coral on the reef.
64. — Imbricaria conica.
Imbricaria conica, Schumacher, 236, p. 21, fig. 5.
Mitra conica, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 27, species 216.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Couch., vol. 4, Mitra, pi. 18, tig.
364, 365.
Conohelix conicus, Chenu Manuel de Conch., p. 197, fig. 1033.
Conoelix marmorata, Swainson.
Bab. Low Island, Trinity Bay, North-East Australia. Found
in small pools of water on the sand fiats.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 215
The genus Imbricaria was first described by Schumacher in 1817,
since then Swainson has caused great confusion by the use of the
following generic names : —
Conoelix, Swainson, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1833, p. 197.
Concehelix, Swainson Malocology, 1840, p. 127, 128, 129, 133.
Conceive „ „ „ p. 318, 321.
Conohelix, Callow and Reeve, Conchologists, Nomenclator, 1845,
p. 296.
,, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1847, p. 142.
Conohcelix, Sower by, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra p. 14.
Remarks on the large number of Game Birds which have of late
been offered for sale in Sydney — by E. Pierson Ramsay,
F.L.S., Curator of the Australian Museum, Sydney.
During the last month or so the amount of game exhibited in
the Sydney markets, and at the stalls of the various dealers and
poultrymen throughout the city, is somewhat remarkable, especi-
ally when we are so accustomed to hear the oft-repeated, hackneyed
expression that there is " little or no game to be found in Aus-
tralia." People were beginning to believe this, as they did the
absurd statements that our Australian flowers had no scent, and
our birds no song. It is gratifying to find that such large quanti-
ties of game can be found when there is a sufficient demand for it.
I find that most of the game has been obtained from Melbourne
side, having been shot on the extensive lakes and lagoons in the
neighbourhood of Ballarat, &c, and from whence they are for-
warded per rail to Melbourne. Lake Burrumbeet and some
lagoons in that vicinity are at present swarming with wild fowl ;
but, nearer home, we find Lake George and Lake Bathurst
equally well stocked, the lakes and extensive swamps and lagoons
in the Ulawarra district also, particularly about Shoalhaven,
are supplying Sydney with large quantities, while a few come
from the Hunter and Paterson districts. The game birds usually
216 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
offered for sale consist of chiefly the Black Duck, Teal, the
Brown or " White-eyed " Duck, and Blue-winged Shovel-bills ;
but latterly several other kinds have been obtained, including
species not frequently met with. The following is a list of the
species which I have observed lately.
1. Black Duck, Anas superciliosa.
2. Maned Goose, Chlamydoclien jubata.
3. Teal, Anas punctata.
4. Blue-winged Shoveller, Spatula rliynchotis.
5. Pink-eared Shoveller, Malacorliynchus membranaceus.
6. " White-eye," White-winged, or Brown Duck, Nyroca
australis.
7. The Black Swan, Cygnus atratus.
These species are found tolerably plentiful throughout the
whole of New South Wales, and the supply for the Sydney market
is generally obtained from Illawarra. As an article of di t, they
rank as enumerated. The Maned Goose is seldom found on the
lakes, but prefers the grassy slopes in the vicinity of Creeks and
rivers. They are usually known tmder the name of the Wood
Duck, from their habit of settling on the trees, the thicker
boughs of which afford them a secure footing. They lay from
eight to ten eggs, of a pale cream colour, in the hollow boughs of
trees. The Black Swans are found often in immense numbers, but
as an article of food are not in much demand.
Among the scarcer kinds which occasionally find their way into
poulterers' hands are —
No. 8. The Grey or Freckled Duck, Anas ncevosa, not a very
palatable bird.
No. 9. The Mountain Duck or Shieldrake, about equal in
flavour to the last, but one of the finest and most beau-
tiful of the family, as well as the largest of our Australian
Ducks.
No. 10. The Musk Duck, Biziura lobata, is sometimes offered
for sale, but, being about as good to eat as a Black Shag
or Cormorant, is not eagerly sought after by epicures.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 217
Why this bird has such a rank flavour I can hardly tell, its
food consists of fresh- water molluscs, Physa, Lymnea, small Unios,.
and Cyclas, with the soft fleshy stems of water- weeds and flags,
which they pull up with their powerful bills, and bite the ends off
near the roots. The eggs of the Musk Duck are two in number,
about three inches in length, of a pal ! greenish ground colour, and
rough to the touch. The nest is made of water-weeds, and placed
amongst the flags and sedges in the lagoons and lakes, often at a
considerable distance from the land.
All the other species before mentioned, from No. 1 to 6 inclu-
sive, are considered very palatable.
In the northern parts of the colony a large quantity of game birds
abound, but there, every one who cares for it, seems to be his own
caterer, and few are ever seen offered for sale in the townships.
In the Rockhampton district I noticed large flocks of the Pigmy
Goose, Nettapus albipennis ; the Whistling Duck, Dendrocygna
vagans ; and Eyeton's Wood Duck, Leptotarsus eyetoni ; also, the
beautiful white-headed Shieldrake, Tadorna rajah, o .e of the most
beautiful species known. I found all these sj ecies and Bernicla
juba'a plentiful also, on the lagoons near the mouth of the Bur-
nett river. The Pigmy Goose, and the large semi-pal mated goose,
Anseranas melanoleiica, are also found tolerably plentiful in the
Clarence and Richmond River Districts. The latter is occasion-
ally offered for sale in the city, but is not very palatable. On the
other hand, the Pigmy Goose is considered quite equal to the Teal
and Black Duck, which are looked upon among the best for the
table.
In addition to the various species of the Anatidae which are
exposed for sale as articles of food, and looked upon as game
birds in Australia, are several species of Plover —
The Spur Wing, Lohivanellas lobatvs.
The Black-breasted Plover, Sarciophovus pectoral'is.
The Stilted Plover or Australian Stilt, Hlmantopus Icuco-
cepludus.
The Avocet, Recurvirostra rubricollisj and
The Banded Stilt, Chladorhynclms pectoralls.
218 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
The last mentioned is a very rare bird in New South Wales,
and I only know, at present, of one instance, brought under my
notice by our President, W. Macleay, Esq., of its having been
offered for sale in Sydney. In Melbourne, however, it is
sometimes met with in the markets. The White-headed Stilt
Plovers are more often seen here, and sometimes the Avocets,
both of which have been obtained from the Illawarra districts.
I believe the Banded Stilts aforementioned had been sent
up from Melbourne. None of these, excepting the Spur-wing
and Black-breasted Plover, are at all palatable, and it seems
a pity that such fine birds should be slain, but I suppose
purchasers are found for them, otherwise they would not be sent
for sale. There is no accounting for tastes !
The Golden Plover, Chamdrius longipes, occasionally visits New
South Wales in the winter time in large flocks ; they are
frequently so very fat and oily that it is with great difficulty
decent looking skins can be made of them, even by expert
taxidermists ; at this time of the year they are only fit for the
table, and numbers of them find their way there every year. We
next come to the Land Rails and Water Hens : the Land Rail,
Rallus or Hypotceidia philippensis, is by far the most delicate
flavoured ; they arrive here in considerable numbers during August
and September, remaining to breed among the long grass and
bushes in swampy places, all over the country, and are not unfre-
quently found nesting in the wheat fields and lucerne paddocks.
This species is found all over the continent of Australia, and also
in the Fiji and South Sea Islands. The Long-billed Rail, or
Lewin's Rail, Rallus bracltypus, Swain, is by no means rare in
some of the swamps about Sydney, but is seldom found in the
market ; like the preceding, it is a very delicate-flavoured bird.
The Red Bill, or Porphyrio {P. melanotus), and the Water Hen,
Gallinula tenehrosa, are more often seen, and lately, numbers of
Coot (Fulica Australis), have been forwarded from Melbourne.
Quail are seldom seen offered for sale, but occasionally they
may be obtained. The species found about Sydney are Turnix
varius, the Forest Quail, and the Swamp Quail, Synoicus
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 219
australis — the former has been rather more plentiful this year
than usual, and seems to prefer the open forest country, or the
rocky slopes and ridges near the coast.
Snipe (Scolopax australis) are sometimes obtainable, but,
although the rare painted snipe is sometimes found near Sydney,
but more often on the swampy flats about Lake George, I have
not met with an instance of its finding its way to the Sydney
markets, but I have seen specimens, said to have been obtained
in the Melbourne markets.
In addition to the species already enumerated, I may mention
the following, which are occasionally found with the poulterers :
The Australian Crane, or Native Companion, Grus australasianus ;
the Plain Turkey, or Bustard, Ewpodotis australis ; the Bittern,
Botav.rus poieiloptilus, and Green-shanks, Glottis glottoides. I
heard of a bittern being sold yesterday as a " Bustard," or
" Turkey," for the sum of 8s.
The following is a list of the game birds which have been offered
for sale in Sydney during the last month, with the prices : —
Black Duck, Anas sv/p&rciliosa, 4s. to 8s. per pair.
Teal, Anas punctata , 3s. 6d. to 6s. per pair.
Freckled duck, Anas nervosa, 4s. to 8s. per pair.
Shovel-bills, Spatula rhynchotis, 4s. to 6s. per pair.
Brown duck, Nyroca cmstralis, 4s. to 6s. per pair.
Pink-eared Shovel-bill, Malacorhynchus membranaceus, 4s. to 5s.
per pair.
Black Swan, Cygrms at rat us, Us. to 8s. each.
Mountain Duck, Gasa/rca tetdornoides, 6s. to 8s. per pair.
Musk Duck, Biziura lobataj 4s. per pair.
Semipalmated Goose, Auseraaas melanoleiica, 8s. each.
Red-bill, Porphyrio melcmotus, 3s. per pair.
Galinules, Galinida tenebrosa, 3s. per pair.
Coot, Fulica australis, 3s. per pair.
Native Companion, Grus australasianus, 8s. each.
Bittern, Botaurus australis, sold as a "turkey" or bustard 8s.
per pair.
Stilted Plover, Himantopus lencocc.p1w.lns, 3s. per pair.
Banded Stilt, Chladorhynchus pectoralis, 3s. per pair.
220 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Erismatura australis — some of these rare birds, at pi'esent the
rarest of all our Australian ducks, have lately been obtained
for the sum of 5s. per pair.
Since writing the above, the following species have occurred
from N. S. Wales : — Dendrocygna vagans, and Anseranus melano-
lenoa.
Mr. Macleay also informs me that one of his taxidermists
obtained a fine pair of Blue-billed Ducks, Erismatura australis,
which had been sent from the Melbourne district among other
game birds, and purchased of a poulterer in Sydney.
Erismatura australis was formerly supposed to be confined to
the Lakes and Swamps of West Australia, but several pairs have
been lately obtained in the Melbourne markets.
On some new forms of Arachnulse, by H. H. B. Bradley, Esq.
Salticus Macleayanus, n.s.— Plate II.
Adult. — -Total length, 3 lines ; to extremity of falces, 4§ lines.
Cephalothorax elongate ; capul divided from the thorax by a
strong constriction, leaving the former nearly square ; thorax not
as high as caput, oval, highest in front, arched and marked by
furrows corresponding to the legs ; colour black, with minute
white shining hairs, particularly in the centre of the cephalothorax,
thus giving the appearance of a longitudinal white band.
Eyes in three rows ; centre anterior eyes very large ; latei'al
anterior eyes and eyes of third line about equal in size (half as
large as central anterior eyes), and placed at the four corners of
the square ; eyes of the middle row, excessively minute, are as
near to the posterior as to the anterior lateral eyes.
Legs rather long, slender, with a few minute white hairs ; rela-
tive length 4, 1, 2, 3, with but little difference between the 4th
and 1st and the 2nd and 3rd pairs respectively ; color — first pair
dark reddish brown, except the genual and coxal, which are yel-
low ; second pair light yellow, the coxal and exinquinal and the
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 221
underside of the femoral, genual, and tibial, is dark reddish
brown ; third pair dark reddish brown, except the tarsi, which are
light yellow; fourth pair dark reddish brown, except exinguinal and
extreme tip of tarsi, which are light yellow ; in all legs the
respective lengths of the femoral, tibial, and metatarsal-cum-tarsal
are nearly equal.
Palpi about as long as falces ; radial joint twice as long as
cubital, enlarging gradually towards the extremity, and having a
sharp double-curved corneous projection on its outer extremity ;
digital twice as long as radial, oval ; palpal organs small, consist-
ing of a simple lobe, with a small white spiral spine coiled one
and a half times round the lobe ; extremity hairy.
Maxillce, slightly enlarged at the extremities, which are diver-
gent and closely covered on the inner side with hairs which curve
inwards.
Lah'm m. oblong, rounded at the apex.
Falces very prominent, long, strong, and massive ; not quite as
long as cephalothorax ; inner face flat, outer face slightly rounded ;
extremities straight, and not rounded on either side ; above nearly
flat for two-thirds of their length, when they slope gradually
towards the extremities ; on the outer side, at about one third of
their length from their insertion, is a strong tooth, directed
upwards and sidewards ; there is also a strong tooth on the inner
extremity ; viewed from below, the falces seem to have a longitu-
dinal furrow ; at the extremity and on the lower edge of this fur-
row are five strong teeth, about which are some long fine hairs ;
color silvery for two-thirds of the length, and then dark brown,
with a few minute hairs.
Fangs as long as falces, straight, almost the entire length, with
a slight curve or hook at the extremity ; slightly thickest at the
insertion, and tapering very gradually to the extremity, and with-
out any seration ; colour dark brown for three-fourths their length,
then light reddish yellow.
Abdomen joined to cephalothorax by a very short cylindrical
pedicle ; oval, slightly widening at about one-third of its length :
222 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
color dark brown, covered with minute grey hairs ; the abdomen
comes up to the cephalothorax in such a way that the pedicle is
not seen.
A single specimen of this species from Endeavour River, Queens-
land, in the Macleay Museum, was collected as an ant, and the
mistake was not discovered until the insect came into the hands of
its present possessor. This species is peculiarly interesting, as
coming close to the Ceylon species — S. bicurvatus and S. plata-
leoides — described by the Rev. O. P. Cambridge in the Annals
and Magazine of Natural History for January, 1860, and it is
another instance of close similarity in the araneides from Ceylon
and Northern Australia. In the plate the insect is represented
at four times its actual size.
Gerrosoma Nov. Genus, a
Cephalothorax entirely hidden by the projection of the front
part of the abdomen ; cephalic part pointed, elevated, and termi-
nating in a tubercle which carries six eyes.
Eyes eight, unequal, round ; six, looking forward, placed in two
rows on the tubercle, two in the upper, and four in the lower row ;
the four centre eyes forming a trapezium, widest at the upper
part ; anterior intermediate eyes largest ; laterals very near to
these and smallest ; the other two eyes, placed in the angles of the
cephalothorax, directed laterally.
Maxilla! broad, long, and diverging, rounded at the extremi-
ties.
Labium much broader than long, convex, and rounded at the
anterior margin.
Legs of two first pairs long, of two hinder pairs short, strong ;
1st and 2nd equal 1 and 3.
Sternum oval.
Falces moderately long, strong, and narrower towards the extre-
mities.
a Vtppov — the oblong shield of the Persians; Sa»/.m — body.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 223
Abdomen much longer than broad, and projecting in such a way
as completely to hide the caput.
Gerrosojia papense, n.s.
Maxilla labium, sternum, and cephalothorax light reddish
yellow ; cephalothorax 004 m. long, .003 in. broad, moderately
high and arched ; the caput marked by a very distinct furrow ;
there is also a longitudinal furrow running from the back of
the caput; rising out of the front part is a tubercle .001 m-
high, bearing six eyes ; these are placed in two lines ; the lower,
consisting of four eyes, is curved downwards ; two centre eyes
largest; the eyes of the upper line are half the size of the
anterior intermediate eyes, and are placed twice their own diameter
apart, and nearly as far above the anterior intermediate eyes ;
anterior latei-als smallest, and nearly touching the anterior inter-
mediates ; the tubercle is narrowest at the base (where it is fur-
nished with short hairs), and about as broad as high ; the other
two eyes are placed in the angles of the cephalothorax, and are
directed laterally ; all eyes round.
Maxillce about twice as long as broad, rounded at the apex,
diverge, and are well furnished on the inner edge with short curved
hairs.
Labium broader than long.
Falces long and strong, tapering slightly, and furnished with
a short strong tooth on the inner side ; light yellowish red at the
insertion, reddish black at the extremity.
Fangs short and strong, reddish black.
Sternum heart shaped, a little longer than broad.
Palpi reddish, broad, strong, and well furnished with hairs.
Legs reddish brown, with darker spots, and moderately furnished
with grey hairs; 1 and 2 pairs ecpial 017 m., 4th pair 614 m., 3rd
pair 01 m.
Abdomen .012 m. long, and in the broadest part (two-thirds of
its length) 0055 m. broad ; pi-ojecting past the cephalothorax in
such a way as completely to conceal it when looked at from above ;
224 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
of a dark reddish brown with grey markings ; furnished in front
with four short pointed tubercles ; marked ' at the posterior part
with transverse furrows ; on the underside of the same colour, and
with a strong triangular pointed ovipositor at the epigyue.
One female specimen from Hall Sound, New Guinea, among the
insects collected in the Ch evert expedition. I know nothing of its
habits, and propose to place the genus provisionally among the
Ruditelariaj.
MONDAY, 28th AUGUST, 1876.
William Macleay, President, in the Chair.
The following donations were announced : —
Descriptions of new species of Shells from Queensland, with colored
Plates— 2 pamphlets originally published in the Zool. Soc.
Proceedings of December, lb? 4, and January, 1875 — by the
author, John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
The following papers were read : —
Shells collected during the Chevert Expedition. By John
Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
Family Marginellid.e.
1. — Marginella guttula.
Marginella guttula, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 20, sp. 101.
Hub. Cape G-renville, North-East Coast of Australia, 20
fathoms ; Cape York, North Australia, 5, 11 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
bottom.
This species is allied to Marginella attenuata, Reeve, found in
Port Jackson (Brazier).
2. — Marginella sp. 1
Hob. York Island, Torres Straits, 12 fathoms, mud bottom.
One specimen obtained dead somewhat allied to Marginella guttula,
Reeve.
of new south wales. 225
3. — Marginella sp. 1
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom. One specimen found, very much sea-worn.
4. — Marginella sp. 1
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom. Two sea-worn specimens found.
5. — Marginella sp. 1
Hob. Katow, New Guinea, 5 fathoms, mud bottom. Three
specimens found, very much sea-worn.
6. — Marginella (Prunum) lavigata, n. sp.
Shell ovate, white ; spire short, somewhat rounded at the angle;
whorls, 4, smooth, flattened, white, glossy, rather thick ; columella
5, plaited, the upper one short rounded nearly obsolete, the three
centre strongly thickened, the lower slightly twisted ; outer lip
straight, having 17 teeth on the edge, thickly margined behind.
Length 3, breadth If lines.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10, 20, 30 fathoms, white
sandy mud bottom; Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, mud bottom.
A pure white shell, allied in form to Marginella Candida,
Sowerby, much more angular and conical, with 'the outer lip more
strongly denticulated than that species.
7. — Marginella (Gibberula) pisum.
Marginella pisum, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 27, sp. 156.
Ilab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, white
sandy bottom. Out of forty specimens obtained only one living,
the remainder all sea-worn.
8. — VOLVARIA FUSIFORMIS.
Marginella fasiformis, Hinds, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1844,
p. 75.
„ ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 382,
pi. 75, fig. 76, 77.
226 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Hab. ■ Cape York, North Australia, 5, 1 1 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom ; Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, mud bottom, specimens
dead ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
bottom.
9. — Erato gallinacea.
Ovulum galUnaceum, Hinds, Moll. Voyage, Sulphur.
Erato gallinacea, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 83, Thes. pi.
219, fig. 33, 34.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
bottom.
1 0. — Erato angyostom a.
Erato angyostoma, Sowerby, Conch. Illust. f. 51.
,, ,, ,, Thes. Conch, vol. 3, p. 83, Thes.
pi. 219, fig. 19, 20, 23, 24.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
bottom, found with E. gallinacea (Hinds) ; Katow, New Guinea,
7 fathoms, sandy mud bottom.
Sub-Family Columbellin.e.
11. columbella fulgurans.
Colombella fidgnrans, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 296.
„ punctata „ „ „ „ „ p. 297.
Columbella fulgurans, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 125, pi.
38, fig. 94, 95, 96:
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 11, sp. 50 a,b.
Hab. Barnard Islands No. 3, North-East Coast of Australia ;
Barrow Island, North-East Australia; Cape Grenville, North-
East Australia, found under stones.
The figure given by Sowerby in Thesaurus Conchyliorum at
pi. 38, fig. 94, is Lamarck's C. punctata. Lamarck in his
" Historie Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres," 1822, uses the
term Colombella, all recent writers the term Columbella.
12. — Columbella scripta.
Columbella scripta, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert. 1822, tome 7, p. 295.
„ versicolor, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1832,
p. 119.
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 227
Columbella versicolor, Sowerby, They. Conch., vol. 1, p. 117, pi.
Thes. 35, figs. 41-46.
Hab. Warrior Reef. Torres Straits, found in coral at low
water.
Mr. Sowerby ignores Lamarck's specific name of scrijpta, and
redescribes it under another name of versicolor. Specimens from
New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, and Port Jackson, agree with
the description of the markings given by Sowerby, but not in the
coin mellar having two prominent teeth within. Some hundreds
of specimens examined by me have on the edge of the columella 7
teeth, and well below 2 rnoi-e.
13. — Columbella nivosa.
Columbella nivosa, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 26, sp. 166
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia, found on the reefs
under coral at low water.
I think Reeve must be wrong in giving Guatemala as the
locality for this species. It is allied to Columbella scripta, (Lam.)
14. — Columbella (Mitrella) essingtonensis.
Columbella Essingtonensis, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 27, sp. 174, a,b.
Hab. Cape York, North Australia, found crawling on the
sand fiats at low water. Specimens vary from blackish brown to
dirty white, having two chestnut lines on the last whorl ; others
have one broad band.
15. — Columbella (Mitrella) intexta.
Columbella intexta, Gaskoin, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 7.
,, intertexta, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 17, sp. 88.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, white sand
bottom.
16. — Columbella (Mitrella) sp. 1
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms sand bottom.
One specimen of this species was found dead and sea-worn.
17. — Columbella (Mitrella) sp. 1
Hab. Cape York, North Austialia, 11 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom. One sea-worn specimen obtained.
228 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
18. — COLUMBELLA (MlTRELLA) SP. 1
Hah. Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, mud bottom. Two
dead and sea-worn specimens found.
19. COLUMBELLA (MlTRELLA) CONTAMINATA.
Columbella contaminata, Gaskoin, Proc. Zool. Soc., London,
1851, p. 7.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 19, sp. 102.
Hah. Princess Charlotte Bay, North-East Australia, 14 fathoms,
sandy bottom ; Cape York, North Australia, 5, 11 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom ; Darnlcy Island, Torres Straits, 10. 15, 20 fathoms,
sandy bottom ; Katow, New Guinea, 4, 7 fathoms, mud bottom ;
also found in Noumea harbour, New Caledonia, 4, 7 fathoms,
bottom of weeds and mud.
20. — Columbella (Anachis) lentiginosa.
Columbella lentiginosa, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, pi. 10,
f -71 90
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 37, sp. 240.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10, 15, 20, 30 fathoms,
sandy mud bottom. Something like 200 specimens obtained.
21.— Columbella (Anachis) regulus.
Columbella pumila, Souverbie, French Journal de Conch., 1862,
Vol. 11, p. 281, pi. 12, fig. 14, not Columbella pumila, (Dunker).
Columbella regulus, Souverbie, French Journal de Conch., 1863,
vol. 12, p. 41.
Rah. Palm Island ; Barnard Islands No. 3 ; Home Islands off
Cape Grenville, North-East Australia. Also Fitzroy Island, found
under stones and coral.
The specific name pumila was changed by Souverbie, it having
been used by Dunker in Malak Blatter, 1859. The species is
found at New Caledonia. Specimens I obtained near Noumea.
22. — Columbella (Anachis) digglesi.
Columbella (Anachis) Digglesi, Brazier, Trans. Royal Soc.
N. S. W., 1874, p. 32.
*
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 229
CohimbeUa (Anachis) Digglesi, Pioc. Zool. Soc, London, 1874,
p. 671, pi. 83, figs. 11, 12.
Bab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms white
sandy bottom ; Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom.
The type specimen was dredged by me in 18 fathoms off Fitzroy
Island, North-East Australia.
23. COLUMBELLA (ANACHIS) GOWLLANDI.
Columbella (Anachis) Gowliandi, Brazier, Trans. Royal Soc.,
N.S.W., 1874, p. 33.
„ „ ,, „ Proc. Zool. Soc,
London, 1874, p. G71, pi. 83, figs. 15, 16.
Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-East Australia. Five
specimens found in company with Colvmbella reguhis (Souv.).
The type specimen in the British Museum was collected in 1871
by me at No. 6, or Eclipse Island, off Cape Sidmouth, North-East
Australia; and in 1872 I found four specimeds at Makera Harbor,
San Christoval, Solomon Islands.
24. — Columbella (Anachis) sp. 1
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, sandy mud bottom. One
dead and sea worn specimen, one line long.
25. — Columbella (Anachis) sp. 1
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, sandy mud bottom. Two
dead and seaworn specimens found.
26. — Columbella (Anachis) sp. 1
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, sandy mud bottom.
Three seaworn specimens found.
27. — Columbella (Anachis) clathrata, n. sp.
Shell ovately fusiform, yellowish white, polished, longitudinally
roundly ribbed, ribs smooth, interstices clathrate; suture canalicu-
Lated, noduled above and below, whorls 6, convex, the last lower
half transversely grooved on the back giving the surface a noduled
230 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINKEAN SOCIETY
appearance; aperture white, nearly oblong ovate, columella
straight, with thin lip, having three white nodules, peristome
thin at edge, thickened internally, having eight tubercules, the
second upper one prominent, somewhat Urate, sinuate at the upper
part, canal short, nai'row.
Length 3|, breadth 2 lines.
Hah. Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, sandy mud bottom.
Twelve specimens of this beautiful species were obtained in good
condition, some specimens are more strongly clathrate than others.
28. — COLUMBELLA (AMYCLA) MARI.E, N. SP.
8hell acicular, club-shaped, smooth, yellowish brown minutely
marked with oblong white opaque spots, whorls 9, flattened, centre
of last encircled with a chain of brown and white alternate spots
contiguous to the suture ; below the suture transparent, spire
lengthened, apex acute, aperture long, narrow, peristome thin,
thickened behind, edged with brown, interior of aperture white,
denticulated, sinuated at the upper part, columella varicose, canal
short, recurved.
Length 5, breadth 2 lines.
Hob. Hall Sound, New Guinea. Only one fine living specimen
was found under a stone on the reef, the chain of brown and white
encircling the centre of the last whorl and contiguous to the suture,
are the chief characters that distinguish it from any other species
known to me.
29. — COLUMBELLA (AMYCLA) INSCRIPTA, N. SP.
Shell somewhat oblong ovate, smooth, whitish, ornamented
with l-eddish brown network, darker and broader towards the
centre, whorls 7, slightly convex, suture impressed, marked below
with white ovate blotches, then small narrow ones. having a trans-
verse chestnut line between every alternate one ; spire lengthened,
apex acute, aperture long, wide, interior of aperture ivory white,
columella thickened, varicose on the outside, having three pro.
minent little tubercules inside, peristome arcuated, upper part
sinuated, denticulated within, canal, short, narrow.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 231
Length 4, breadth 2 lines.
Bab. Percy Island, No. 2, North- Enst Australia, 18 fathoms,
found on a piece of A streopora, two living specimens obtained ;
Cape York, North Australia, 11 fathoms, sandy mud bottom, two
specimens found dead ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, one spe-
cimen found under a block of coral on the reef; Katow, New
Guinea, 7 fathoms, sandy mud bottom, twenty found ; Warrior
Reef, west side, one specimen found in crevice of Madrepora on
the reef at low water.
This species is allied in its markings to Columbella lineolata,
Pease, from Port Jackson and Port Elliot, South Australia, con-
fused by Mr. Angas in Proc. Zool. Soc, 1867, with Columbella
dermestoides of Kiener. Dermestoides is a West Indian shell.
30. — Columbella (Amycla) merita, n. sp.
Shell thin, acicular, much contracted at the base, yellowish
white, whorls 8, 9, flattened, minutely tabled at the suture, orna-
mented with roundish opaque white spots, below the suture and
between the spots two narrow transverse reddish yellow lines one
above the other ; the lower having longitudinal lines of the same
colour running down, divided with a white band on the centre of
hist whorl, spire very much lengthened, aperture pear-shaped,
peristome thin, sinus at upper part, columella varicose, canal short,
narrow.
Length 3^ lines, breadth 1^ line.
Sab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, white sandy
bottom. Eight specimens of this fine species were found, the lips
not being full}.' formed.
31. — Columbella (Amycla) pudica, n. sp.
Shell club-shaped, thinnish, variously mottled with brown, some-
times having minute white spots, or having white and brown
flames above and below the suture; whorls 8, angularly spiral,
convex, suture slight!) tabled, transparent, spire long, apex white,
acute, columella curved and varicose at the lower part, peristome
232 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
thin at edge, very much thickened within, having from 2 to 3
small obtuse teeth, sinuated above, aperture oblong, ovate, canal
short, slightly recurved.
Length 3 lines, breadth 1 line.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, white
sandy bottom.
Of fifty specimens found, there are not two alike in markings ;
some are all white, some brown with snow spots, others brown
with white flames.
32. — COLUMBELLA (AmYCLA) ABYSSICOLA, N. SP.
Shell oblong, pyramidal, smooth, whitish, whorls 8, slightly
angled, flatly convex, tabled at the suture, opaque white, spirally
encircled in the centre with yellowish brown broad-arrow shaped
markings ; points showing to the right, marked as four arrows
placed one behind the other, opaque between, every alternate
space arrow shaped, last whorl below having the markings more
numerous and close set ; spire short, apex ivory white, columella
having seven conspicuous ridges with small expanded lip extending
across the body whorl in a thin callus plate ; joined to the upper
part near the suture, peristome thickened in the middle, strongly
denticulated within, aperture oblong ovate, white, canal narrow,
short.
Length If, breadth | line.
Hah. Percy Island No 2, North-East Australia, 18 fathoms,
found on a piece of Astreopora brought up in the dredge from a
coral and sand bottom, one specimen found ; Darnley Island,
Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, white sand bottom, thirteen speci-
mens found ; Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, sandy mud bottom,
one specimen found.
33. COLUMBELLA (ASTYRIS) L.ETA, N. SP.
Shell ovate, smooth, acuminated at both ends, fulvous, whorls
6, spirally angled, slightly convex, transparent white at the angle,
marbled above and below with dark fulvous lines, sometimes
fiexuously waved, spire short, apex white, rounded, columella
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 233
smooth, curved, grooved in the middle, inner part forming a sharp
lip below upper part, with thin dejjosit of callus, varicose below
on the outside, peristome white, thin at edge, gibbous in the
middle, aperture narrow, little more than half the whole length,
canal narrow, slightly recurved.
Length 2 lines, breadth f line.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom, fourteen specimens found.
34. — Engina alveolata.
Purpura alveolafa, Kiener.
JRieinula alveolata, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 4, sp. 23.
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia ; Loug and Darnley
Islands, Torres Straits ; Pango Pango Harbour, Tutuila, Navi-
gator's Islands (Brazier), found on the reefs under broken coral.
This species was returned named by Mr. G. F. Angas in 18G7
as Engina lauta, Peeve ; both species are quite distinct as regards
colour and markings.
35. — Engina lauta.
liicinula lauta, Peeve. Conch., Icon., pi. 4, sp. 24.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; Strongs or Oualan Caro-
line Islands (Brazier).
Larger and more rounded with a reddish band on the centre of
the whorls than the preceding species.
36. — Engina lineata.
Ricinula lineata, Reeve, Conch., pi. 6, sp. 51.
Hab. Barnard Islands No. 3 ; Fitzroy Island, North-East Aus-
tralia, found under coral. Seven specimens found.
37. — Pusiostoma mendicaria.
Voluta mendicaria, Linn. Gmel. p. 3448. No. 38.
Columbella mendicaria, Lam. Auiui. Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 29G.
JRieinula mendicaria, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 2, sp. 8.
234 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Columbella mendicaria (Pusiostoma) Chenu, Manuel de Conch .
p. 202, fig. 1106.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, common under coral.
Family Cassidid^e.
38. — Cassis cornuta.
Cassis cornutus, Linn. Gmel. p. 3472, No. 11.
„ cornuta Lam. Anim. Sans Yert. tome 7, p. 219.
„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 1, sp. 2.
„ » labiata, Chemn. Conch. 11 to 184, f. 1790-1791.
Cassidea cornuta, Brug. Diet. No. 17.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
This species, the giant of the genus, is cpxite common throughout
Torres Straits.
39. — Semicassis pila, var.
Cassis pila, Reeve, Conch., pi. 9, sp. 21.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, white sand
bottom. Only one fine living specimen was found.
40. — Casmaria vibex.
Buccinum vibex, Linn., Gmel. p. 3479, No. 36.
Cassis vibex, Lam. Anim., Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 228.
Cassidea vibex, Brug., Diet. No. 1.
Cassis ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 7, sp. 15c. 15b.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 5 fathom, sandy mud
bottom.
Family Doliidje.
41. — Dolium Chinense.
Dolium Australie seu Chinense, Chem., Conch. Cab. 11, f. 1804,
1805.
Buccinum Chinense, Dillw. Desc. Cat. 2, p. 585.
,, ,, Wood, Index. Testae, pi. 22, f. 7.
Dolium variegatum, Phillippi (not Lam.) Neuer, Conch. 3,
p. 36, Dol. pi. 3, f. 1, 2.
Dolium Chinense, Desh. ed. Lam. 10, p. 146.
„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 6, sp. 10a.
1) )>
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 235
Hab. Low Island, Trinity Bay, and Home Islands, off Cape
Grenville, North-East Australia, found on the reef in small pools
of water.
42. — DOLIUM FIMBRIATUM.
Buccenum dolium, Linn. Mus. Ulric.
Mawe, Conch.pl. 24, f. 1.
Burrow, Elements Conch., pi. 16, f. 1.
Caches casis, Bolten, teste Mb'rch.
Dolium fimbriatum, Sowerby, Genera Shells, No. 29.
„ „ Beeve, Conch. Syst., pi. 264, f. 2, Elements,
Conch, vol. 1, pi. 5, f. 24, Conch. Icon. pi. 3, sp. 3b. not 3a.
Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea. Two specimens found on the
reef under stones.
Fam. Sycotypid^e.
43. — Sycotypus ficoides.
Pyrula ficoides, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome, 7, p. 142.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom.
The synonyms of the genus Sycotypus, Browne, are Ficus,
Bolton, not Linn., Pyrula (part) Lamarck Ficula, Swainson, and
Otus, Bisso.
. Eamily NATICIDvE.
44. — Natica lineata.
Natica lineata, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 6, p. 201.
,, ,, Beeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 7, sp. 24.
Hab. Cape York, North Australia. Found on sand flats at
low water, Katow, New Guinea.
45. — Natica Maheense.
Natica Maheense, Becluz., M.S., Mus. Cuming, British Museum.
,, ,, Beeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 14, sp. 58, a,b,c.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy bottom.
A few specimens of this fine species were found.
46. — Natica globosa.
Nerita globosa, Chem., Conch., vol. 5, p. 188, f. 1896, 1897.
Natica helvacea, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome 6, p. 200.
236 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINISTEAN' SOCIETY
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 25 fathoms, sandy bottom.
One specimen found.
47. — Natica Marochiensis.
Nerita marochana, Cliem., Conch., vol. 5, p. 188, f. 1905, 1908.
Natica marochiensis, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome G, p. 203.
Nerita ,, Gnielin., p. 3673, No. 15.
Natica marochiensis, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 13, sp. 52.
Hob. Home Islands, off Cape Grenville, North-East Australia,
Hall Sound, New Guinea, also Port Jackson, Solomon, Caroline,
and Marshall Islands. Found on Sand flats at low water (Brazier).
48. — Natica Chinensis.
Natica chinensis, Lam. Anim., Sans Vert., tome 6, p. 204.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 19, sp. 82, a,b.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms. Thirteen
specimens found.
49. — Natica Colliei.
Natica Colliei, Recluz., Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843, p. 207.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch., Icon., pi. 24, sp. 12a, 12 b.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 25, 30 fathoms, sandy
bottom ; Warrior Reef, west side, 8 fathoms, sandy mud bottom ;
Bet Island, Torres Straits, found on reefs.
50. — Natica areolata.
Natica areolata, Recluz., Proc, Zool. Soc, London, 1843, p. 206.
Hah. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20 fathoms, sand
and broken shell bottom ; Cape York, North Australia, 1 1 fathoms,
sand bottom;. Bet Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms, bottom of
broken shells and coral ; found also at the Sow and Pigs bank,
Port Jackson, 4 fathoms, sandy bottom, found under stones at
Vaucluse Point, washed on shore after south-east gale at Capes
Banks and Solander, Botany Bay (Brazier.)
51. — Natica sp. 1
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, sandy mud bottom.
One specimen found in an immature state.
op new south wales. 237
52. — Natica, sp. 1
Hab. Cape York, North Australia, 5 fathoms, sandy bottom.
One immature specimen found.
53. — Natica, sp. ?
Hab. Cape York, North Australia, 5 fathoms, sandy bottom.
One sea-worn specimen found.
54.— Natica, sp. 1
Sab. Cape York, North Australia, 11 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom. Specimens all sea- worn.
55. — Lunatia Raynoldiana.
Natica Raynoldiana, Recluz., Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843,
p. 212.
,, Raynaudiana, Peeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 13, sp. 5G a,b.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North-east Australia, 15 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom : Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms,
sandy bottom ; also found at Ponope, Caroline Islands, Noumea,
New Caledonia (Brazier).
56. — Lunatia variabilis.
Natica variabilis, Recluz., M.S., Mus. Cuming in British
Museum.
„ „ Reeve, Conch., Icon., pi. 23, sp. 104 a,b.
Hab. Princess Chaidotte Bay, North-East Australia, 14 fathoms,
rough sand and coral bottom ; Cape York, North Australia, 5, 11
fathoms, sandy mud; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10, 15, 30
fathoms, white sand bottom ; also. Noumea Harbour, New Cale-
donia, 5 fathoms, bottom of mud and weeds (Brazier).
57. — Lunatia Steangei.
Natica Strang'ei, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 18, sp. 81 a,b.
Hab. Cape York, Mud Bay, North Australia ; one living
specimen was found on the sand Hat at Mud Bay ; found also at
Moreton Bay and Port Denison, Queensland ; sand-spit, Middle
Harbour, Port Jackson (Brazier).
238 the proceedings of the linnean society
58. — Neverita albumen.
Nerita albumen, Linn. Gmelin., p. 3671, No. 5.
Natica ,, Lam., Aniin., Sans Vert., tome, 6, p. 196.
., ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 8, sp. 31 a,l>.
Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sand bottom.
One tine living specimen was found at the above depth.
59. — Neverita Peteveriana.
Neverita I'eteve iana, Recluz., M.S., Mus. Cuming in British
Museum.
Natica Pitiveriana, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 5, sp. 17 a,b.
JIab. Katow, New Guinea, found on the sands at low water.
60. — Ruma Maura.
Natica maura, Brug., Encyclop. Methodique, pi. 453, fig. 4 a,b.
,, ,. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 7, sp. f. 25 a,b.
JIab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reefs under
coral. Six very fine specimens found.
61. — Ruma melanostoma.
Natica melanostoma, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 6, p. 198.
Nerita ,, Gmelin., p. 3674, No. 19.
Natica „ Reeve, Conch., Icon., pi. 8, sp. 30, a,b.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
62. — Ruma eilosa.
Natica filosa, Sowerby, M.S , Mus. Cuming in British Museum.
„ ,. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 17, sp. 72, a,b.
Hah. Low Island, Trinity Bay, North-East A ustralia, found on
sand patches inside the reefs ; Cape Grenville, North-East Aus-
tralia, 15 fathoms, sandy mud bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres
Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy bottom ; also Port Stephens and
Port Jackson, New South Wales (Brazier).
63. — Ruma melanostomoides.
Natica melanostomoides, Quoy., Voy. de l'Astrolabe.
„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 22, sp. 101.
OF NEW SOUTH WALKS. 239
Sab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 30 fathoms, white
sand bottom. Only two specimens of this rave species were found.
64. — Mamma steaminea.
Natica straminea, Recluz., Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1843, p. 211.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 9, sp. 32, a,b.
Ilab. Home Islands, off Cape Grenville, North-East Australia.
Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the sands inside the reefs.
This species M. Recluz makes a variety of Natica aurantia,
Lam., as Var. B. Lutea seu straminea. It differs from the true
aurantia in being of a beautiful sulphur colour.
65. — Mamma pyruJtormis. -f
Natica pyriformis, Recluz, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843, p.
211.
,, „ Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 5, sp. 16.
Bab. Home Islands, off Cape Grenville, North-East Australia ;
Darnley and Warrior Islands, Torres Straits, on the sands at low
water.
66. — Mamma Flemingiana.
Natica Flemingiana, Recluz, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843,
p. 209.
„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 18, sp. 80, a,b.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on sand fiats.
67. — Mamma deiodosa.
Natica deidosa, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 9. sp. 35 a,b.
Sab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
68. — Catinus planulatus.
Sigaretus planulatus, Recluz, Sowei'by, in Reeve, Cohch. Icon.,
Sigaretus, pi. 2, sp. 7, a, b.
Hob. Hall Sound, New Guinea, found on the sands; Bet
Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms.
240 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
69. SlGARETUS EXIM1US.
Sigaretus eximius, Sowerby, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 5, sp.
22, a, b.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, fine white
sand ; Evans Bay, Cape York, 7 fathoms, sandy mud.
Family LamellariidjE.
70. — Lamellaria, sp. 1
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sand bottom.
The upper half of a specimen of this genus was obtained dead
and sea-worn.
On a new genus of Arachnidse, by H. H. B. Bradley, Esq.
Rhyncharachne. Nov. Genus. — Plate II.
Cephalothorax to a considerable extent hidden by the projection
of the abdomen ; cephalic part, marked by a deep furrow, pointed,
not elevated, and terminating in a tubercle which carries six eyes ;
this tubercle projects, and is lower than the hinder part of the
cephalothorax.
Eyes eight, up equal, round ; six placed in two rows on the
tubercle, two in the upper and four in the lower row ; four inter-
mediate ej^es, directed forwards, forming a trapezium, narrowest at
the upper part ; eyes of the upper row larger than the other eyes
o these rows ; laterals of the lower row smallest of a 1, as far from
the intermediates of that row as are the eyes of the upper row, and
placed on the side of the tubercle directed laterally ; the other two
eyes, placed in the angles of the cephalothorax, are largest of all,
and are also directed laterally.
Maxillae hatchet-shaped, short, inclined on the labium, straight
on the outer edge, and rounded at the extremities.
Labium a little broader than long, convex, and rounded at the
anterior margin.
Legs of two first pairs long and directed forwards ; of two hinder
pairs short and directed backwards — 1, 2, 4, 3.
Palpi moderately long.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 241
Sternum oval.
Falces moderately long and strong ; fangs short, strongly curved.
Abdomen longer than broad, projecting over about half the
cephalothorax, broadest at the anterior part, pointed at the
posterior.
R. dromodaria.
Total length, .007 m.
Cephalothorax broad at the posterior part, where it is very high
and arched ; caput oval, narrower, and separated by a deep furrow ;
cephalothorax .0035 m. long, .002 broad in the broadest part ;
moderately high and arched, divided by a deep distinct furrow ;
caput very slightly higher than the rest of the cephalothorax ; pro-
jecting from the front part is a blunt tubercle, about .001 m. long,
bearing six eyes, as shown in the plate ; this tubercle is about as
broad as long, and is narrowest at the base ; color of cephalothorax,
maxillae, palpi, labium, sternum, light brownish yellow; falces same
color, darker towards the points ; fangs dark reddish brown.
Legs and palpi light yellowish brown ; the lower \ art of the
femoral d rker, and provided with short tubercles on the inner
side ; tibial spotted with same colour, moderately furnished with
hair, and more so at the extremities ; legs — first pair terminated
by a triple claw, the upper claw strongest dentated ; length of
first pair .0105, of second .0095, of fourth .009, of third .007 in.
Abdomen .006 m. long and .004 m. broad in the broadest part;
triangular, the base being in front, where it projects as far as the in-
sertion of the third pair of legs ; of a yellowish grey, with dark mark-
ing in the centre part, where it is very much depressed, presenting
the •" bruised-in " appearance of coelenia ; on the front part are two
pointed tubercles ; at the anterior angles are double pointed tuber-
cles, and on the sides are three small pointed tubercles ; under-
neath of a similar colour, with a brownish grey triangular spot in
the centre.
One female specimen (] mature) from Hall Sound, New Guinea,
among the Chevert collection in the Macleay museum. I know
nothing of the habits of this insect, and propose also to place it
amongst the Ruditelarise.
242 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
SEPTEMBEE 25th, 1870.
William Macleay, Esq., President in the Chair.
The Secretary announced the receipt of a donation from the
Rev. Dr. Woolls, M.A., of Part 3 of Dr. Von. Mueller's Educa-
tional Collection of Australian Plants.
The following Papeis were read : —
Observations on the Genus Risella, by Rev. J. E. Tenison-
Woods, F.L.S.,F.G.S.,C.M.R.S., Sydney, Tasmania, and of
Linn. Soc, N.S.W.
Risella is a genus separated from the genus Trochus principally
on account of the complete absence of any nacreous character, and
according to M. Quoy the sexes being in different animals. In
1839, Dr. Gray, in the Zoology of Beechey's Voyage, p. 141, pro-
posed to unite such shells with the genus Littorina, but in the
following year, in his Synopsis of the British Museum, created a
separate genus for their reception, which he named Risella, but
gave no definition. Philippi, in the Zeitsch. f. Malac. for 1846,
gave a definition of the genus and called it Bembicium. Finding,
however, that he had been anticipated in the name, but not in the
description, he with great modesty withdrew his generic title in
favor of that of Gray in his Handbuch f. Conch, n. Malak, 1853,
p. 176. In 1864, M. H. Crosse gave in the Jour, de Conch., p.
225, a monograph of the whole genus, in which he l'eviewed the
synonomy in an exhaustive manner. He also drew attention to
certain peculiarities of real generic value which had escaped pre-
vious observers, notably the funiculate thickening of the basal part
of the throat. The genus may therefore be characterised as
follows : —
G. Risella, Gray, 1840.
Testa univalvis, spiralis, conica, imperforata, haud margaritacea ;
anfr. 6-7, planis, ultimo angulato, scepe acute carinato. Apertura
depressa, obliqua, rhombea ; fauce in, parte basali incrassata ;
columella simplex, obliqua, scindens ; operculum oblongum, comeum,
paucispiratum, nucl. marginato.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 243
This definition differs in important particulars from that of
Philippi, Crosse, or Adams, but principally in the thickening uf
the throat and the oblong paucisprial operculum. No authors
have hitherto described the operculum in detail.
M. Quoy in his very elaborate notice of Trochus melanostomus
and T. nanus, now recognised »»s Risella melanostoma and I', nana,
gives f 11 details of the anatomy. He states {Voy. de V Astrolabe,
Zool. vol. 3, p. 271-278) that the sexes are distinct. After having
dissected a very large number of specimens in Tasmania, I am
convinced that the animals are truly hermaphi*oclite, and are pro-
vided in every species with male and female organs. Nevertheless,
the sexes seem to be distinct, because some take the office of the
male and some the female. In such cases the shells differ, and
have been hitherto regarded as distinct species, whereas they are
only male and female shells, as I shall presently show.
Mons. Crosse enumerates no less than nine species of the genus,
all of which are indigenous to Australian seas. The following is
his list : —
Risella melanostoma, Chemnitz (V) Gmelin, Crosse, and Angas.
Hub. Port Phillip, var. S. Australia. Angas.
Risella aurata, Quoy, Deshayes (in Lamarck) Philippi, Risella
lutea, H. an 1 A. Adams.
JrJab. D'Entrecasteaux Channel, Tasmania, Quoy; St. Viucent's
Gulf, S. A., Crosse.
Risella nana, Lamarck, Quoy, Delessert ; Littorina australis,
Gray, Bembicium nanum Philippi, pictum, idem R, nana, H. and
A. Adams, Chnu. manuel.
Hob. Storm Bay, Tasmania, Quoy ; " sur quelques points du
grand continent Australien." Crosse.
Risella plana, Quoy, Phillippi, Adams.
Hob. "Western Port, Quoy ; St. Vincent's Gulf, Crosse ; Port
Jackson, Angas.
Risella lutea, Quoy, Kiener, Philippi : Trochus cicatricosus,
Jonas.
Hab. Brackish waters, Western Australia ; Port Jackson,
Angas.
244 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Risella Bruni, Crosse, Jour, de Conchy., 18G4, p. 239.
Hab. Spencer's Gulf, South Australia.
Risella livlda, Philippi, Adams.
Bah.— 1
Risella vittata, Philippi, Adams.
Hab. Adelaide (?).
Risella imbricata, Cray, Philippi, Adams.
Ha b.—l
From this list I think we may at once erase the three last.
From the definition given by the authors of the specific names, we
may be quite sure that we are dealing with mere varieties, or
young individuals of the three first species named. Having paid
attention to this genus for some years, and having examined some
hundreds, nay, I may say thousands of specimens from all the
Australian colonies as well as Tasmania, T may safely say that
there are no such species as R. imbricata, viatata, and livida, but
that individual specimens of A*, nana may easily be found to cor-
respond with all of them.
It is with some considerable hesitation that I say that I think
Mons. Crosse's species, It. liruni, should also be reduced to a mere
local variety of R. nana. I should say it is no more than a pale
and rather more tumid species inhabiting Spencer's Gulf.
This leaves us five species which must again be reduced, because
R. aurata is only the male animal of R. nana. This may appear
startling, but it is a fact which I have established after long-con-
tinued observation. In the first place, the two animals may be
seen breeding together any day upon the rocks of D'Entrecasteaux
Channel at low tide. If, moreover, the two species are kept in a
small aquarium, they will breed readily, and R. nana will be the
mother of the fry.
My observations here, however, revealed a still more surprising
fact. Having ascertained beyond a doubt that both male and
female shells (as for convenience we may call them, though some
other term is required to express the sexual relations) are herma-
phrodite, if R. nana (female) and R. aurata (male) are kept
apart in separate glass jars, they are seen to couple together, that
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 2-15
is. R. nana with its own kind, and R. avrata with its own kind,
as indeed they may sometimes be seen to do upon the rocks ; but
they do not become fertile. I say this, however, with hesitation,
as my observations were only continued for a few weeks, and in
that time the experiment could not be regarded as conclusive. It
would not surprise me to find that either or both can become
fertile, because there are many places on the coast where no species
can be found, except the variety now known as R. aurata. On
the beach by the side of Government House, Hobart Town, no
grown specimen of R. nana is seen, yet young individuals are just
as plentiful theie as elsewhere. From my observations, I hold it
is quite certain that the normal arrangement is for R. aurata to
fertilise R. nana, which latter brings forth the fry.
How then are we to regard the names R. nana and R. aurata
— as synonyms, or what ] The names of species they are not ;
neither are they the names of varieties. Their date is the same,
having both been bestowed by Messrs. Quoy and Gairnard in 1834
loc. cit., p. 273, 276, pi. 62.) I should prefer keeping R. aurata
as less liable to lead into error for nana ; a dwarf is not applicable,
the species being by no means the smallest of the genus, and being,
moreover, very variable in size. The following is the diagnosis of
Messrs. Q. and G. with the synonomy of Crosse.
Trochus auratus, Q. and G. I. c. Kiener, species pi. 34, /. 2 ;
T. melanostomus, Deshayes, 1843, in Lamarck, ed. '2, vol. 9, p. 157
(rec GmelinJ ; Bembicium melanostomum, Philippi 1846, in Zeits.
fur Malak., p. 130/ Risella lutea, R. and A. Adam*, 1858, Genera
vol. 1, p. 318, pi. 33, fig. 5, rec (Q. and G.J ; Crosse, Jour, de
Conchyl., vol. 12 f 1864), p. 233.
Testa imperforata, conica, rugosa, subplicata, lutea, Aammidis
longitudinalibus fuscis ornata ; basi plana, striata.
Messrs. Quoy and G. found the species on the rock in D'Entre-
casteaux Channel, whence all my specimens came. Mr. G. F.
Angas emotes it also as from St. Vincent's Gulf, S. Australia, but
the species vary there to some extent, as I shall presently notice.
The following is my own diagnosis from a comparison of many
hundred species :— -
246 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Shell depressedly conical, suborbicular, imperforate, rugoso-
plicate, subplicate, or nearly smooth, pale yellow, whitish or brown,
clouded, striped with pale green, sometimes mottled white, aud
livid on the upper whorls ; very distinctly spirally grooved, and
crossed with much inclined diagonal lines of growth ; whorls 6-7
generally undulately plicate at the suture, which is either
impressed or overlapping ; base very flat, acutely angled at the
periphery, which is undulating or round, according as the whorls
are plicate or not, spirally Urate with 5-7 spirally raised lines which
are diagonally crossed with strongly mai'ked lines of growth and
very finely, almost squamosely undulately striate ; periphery mar-
gined at the base ; that is to say, there is always a clear marginal
space between the lira? and the edge ; aperture subquadrate, much
produced above ; throat conspicuously enamelled ; outer lip thin,
margined within with a yellow line, and then generally a rich deep
brown ; base of throat wholly white, or with a broad white band ;
columella conspicuously orange, and spirally grooved posteriorly
(visible under the lens) ; the upper part of the throat sometimes
brown, sometimes white, but always enamelled. Dimensions of
the largest specimen : diameter of base 17, alt. 14, of the smallest
ll-7i millimetres.
It is worthy of remark that in this variety there is little or no
thickening of the base, which is denticulate at the edge, but not
lirate within ; and finally, that the deep brown color is a thick
vitreous translucent substance easily separated from the shelly
outer covering, and when the basal part of the throat is broken
away, it is seen to extend like a broad margin of brunswick black
round the upper interior.
The operculum is a pale, translucent yellow, oblong, few whorled,
and an almost marginal nucleus.
The odontophore (lingual ribbon) is a very fine, glassy, narrow,
flattened *mbe, about 20 millimetres long, and lying in a coil just
below the red fleshy buccal mass. Inside this tube the teeth are
affixed to a somewhat thickened transparent membrane. The
teeth are very numerous in sets or chevrons of seven ; that is
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 247
to say, three in a diagonal line on each side from a central tooth.
They are perfectly vitreous, colorless, and transparent. The central
tooth is long-curved and sharp-pointed, with two very small lateral
cusps. The first two laterals are also apparently provided with
cusps. The outer teeth have a broad summit, which is tridentate.
Thus it differs from the dental formula given after Wilton in
Woodward's Mollnsca (Tate's edit. 1871, p. 252), and from that of
Gray (Guide to Mollusca in Brit. Mus., 1857, p. 90). The tube
of the odontophore is so very thin that the upper membrane is
easily destroyed in drying.
Eisella nana. B. t. arbicvlari, stibronica, ad periphceriam,
acute angulata, cinereo-virente ; Uriels longitudimalibus fuscis radi-
antibus; anfr. planiuscuhs ; hi fima facie plana, concentrice sulcata,
violarescente ; umbilico nulla. Lamarck 1822, an'm. s. verteb.,
gen. Trochus n. 67. Alt. 12, diam. max. 16 mil.
This species or variety, which, as I have said, takes the office of
female to R. aurata, differs in being a larger and more solid shell
with flattened smooth whorls which are seldom rugose, and seldom
with the regular plaits of the male variety. It is sometimes much
corroded and rough, and is either high and obtusely conical with
an obtusely angled periphery, or depressed and very acutely angled.
One constant feature it possesses, unless where much corroded,
and that is the transverse sloping brown or black lines on a grey
or brown ground. It has the same Urate flattened base, with the
smooth margin, which is common to all the species known to me.
The mouth has a highly polished enamel, variously striped or
clouded, yellow and brown, but much paler generally, and with
less brown than the preceding variety. It is a larger shell in
every way, more solid, and with a thickened base. The odonto-
phore is similar to the last described in the number and arrange-
ment of the teeth, but they are less crowded and longer. ' It is
longer and broader, and like the preceding, a tube.
Though the above differences are plainly marked in the extremes
of both varieties, yet it must be admitted that gradations from one
form to the other may be found. The spiral lirse with plaits in
248 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
R. aurata, and the smooth whorls with diagonal lines of color in
R. nana are the most constant distinction.
R. melanostoma is marked with R. aurata by Gray floe. cit.J as
variety of one species. This I believe. At any rate, the former
is unknown to me. It is the oldest name, but from the imperfect
diagnosis of Chemnitz it is impossible to identify the shell meant
as a Jtisella.
R. plana, Quoy, is a very depressed solid angular Urate and
plicate species with a yellowish white mouth. It is longer than
the preceding, and its specific characters seem very constant. The
animal I have not seen. The shell is found all round the Aus-
tralian coast from Port Stephens to S. Vincent's Gulf.
R. lutea, Quoy, I believe to be only a corroded and brackish
water or male variety of the preceding ; but I know little of
the living habits of the species. In Dr. Cox's extensive collec-
tion, I noticed the shells named R. lutea which appeared to me a
common form of R. nana or aurata, but adult or perhaps
more correctly in old age. It is corroded, and the mai'ginal
space on the base is not visible. It is common in Tasmania,
and breeds readily with R. nana. Mr. Angas says (Zool.
Proc. 1867, p. 209), this species, the most conical of the
genus, is common on the rocks outside Port Jackson, and along
the coast to Kiama and Jervis Bay. Mr. Crosse (loc. cit, p. 238)
says, on the authority of MM. Q. and G., that it is found through-
out King George's Sound, but principally in the little salt ci'eeks.
The only good figures, says M. Grosse, are those of Kiener, in his
monograph of the genus Trochus — but there is no description as
the work is not completed.
Thus we should have only two species of Risella, with male or
female varieties of both.
It is possible that these two species may even yet be reduced to
one ; but I respectfully beg the attention of naturalists to the fact
that the sexual differences are marked by differences in the shells.
This may open up a most important, fact for the whole of our con-
chologic d nomenclature. I also call attention to the remarkable
OF NEW SOUTH WALKS. 249
manner of breeding of hermaphrodite mollusca. As yet, we know
little or nothing of the physiology of reproduction under these
peculiar conditions, and I submit that most important physiological
and zoological facts are contained therein, bearing on the whole
question of evolution. The subject may he said to be at our doors,
and may he studied with the greatest ease by anyone who gives it
a careful attention. I have written this paper in the hope of
drawing other observers into this most inviting and interesting
field.
Shells collected during the Chevert Expedition, with Descriptions
of the New Species, by J. Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
Family Scalaridje.
1.— scalaria rkplicata.
Scalaria replicata, Sow. Jun., Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844,
p. 11.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 84, pi. 32,
f. 23, 24.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 fathoms, sandy mud.
2. — Scalaria Phillippinarum.
Scalaria Phillipjainarum, Sowerby, Jun. Proc. Zool. Soc, London,
1844, p. 12.
Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 85, pi. 32,
f 21 22
Hah. Darnlsy Island, Torres Straits, 10 fathoms, sandy mud.
This species is also found in Port Jackson.
3. — Scalaria irregularis.
Scalaria irregularis, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844,
p. 13.
,, ,, ,, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 90, pi. 33,
f. 40, 60.
Hah. Bet Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms, coral and sand.
Specimens also found on the beaches inside the reefs after ^ahs.
2-'10 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
4. — SCALARIA TENUI-COSTATA.
Scalaria tenui-costata, Sowb. Jan., in Sowei'by Thes. Conch., vol.
1, p. 87. }>1. 34, f. 76, not in Proa Zool. Soa, London, 1844.
Hab. Bet Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms, coral and sand.
5. — Scalaria rubro-lineata. .
Scalaria rubro-lineata, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 91, pi.
34, f. 83.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sandy mud.
6. — Scalaria subnudata.
Scalaria delicatula, H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soa, London, 1869,
p. 274.
,, subnudata, Sowerby, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 14, sp. 11.
Ilab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sanely mud.
Scalaria delicatula pre-ocenpied by Crosse, 1864.
7.- — Scalaria turricula.
Scalaria turricula, Sowerby, Jan., Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1,
p. 92, pi. 34, f. 88.
Hab. Princess Charlotte Bay, North-East Australia, 13 fathoms,
sand ; Bet Isjand, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms, coral and sand.
8. — Scalaria casta.
Scalaria casta, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soa, London.
,, ,, Sowerby, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 11, sp. 86.
Hab. Darnhy Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sandy mud.
9. — Scalaria aurita.
Scalaria aurita, Sowerby, Jun., Proc. Zool. Soa, London, 1844,
p. 26.
,, ,, ,, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 92, pi. 33,
f. 62.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sandy mud.
One specimen found.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 251
10. — SCALARIA ACULEATA.
Scalaria aculeata, Sowerby, Jun., Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844, p. 12.
,, „ „ Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 86, pi. 32,
f. 36.
Hah. Darhley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sand ; Warrior
Reef, west side, 8 fathoms, hard mud ; Katow, New Guinea, 7
fathoms, sandy mud.
11. — Scalaria muricata.
Scalaria muricata, Kiener, Iconog., Coq., pi. 4, f. 11.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 86, pi. 32,
f. 31.
Hub. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 15 fathoms, sandy
mud; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms; Katow,
New Guinea, 7 fathoms.
Specimens not in very good condition.
12. — Scalaria obliqua.
Scalaria obliqua, Sowerby, Jun., Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1,
p. 89., pi. 33, f 69.
Hah. Bet Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms, coral and sand.
13. — Scalaria denticulata.
Scalaria denticulata, Sowerby, Thes., -Conch., vol. 1, p. 87, pi. 32,
f. 25, 26.
Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15, 20 fathoms, sandy mud.
Fourteen fine specimens of this species were found.
14. — Scalaria hyalina.
Scalaria hyalina, Sowei'by, Jun., Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844,
p. 11.
„ „ „ Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 85, pi. 32,
f. 21, 22.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy mud ;
also Port Stephens and Port Jackson, Now South Wales, 5, 10
fathoms, white sand bottom (Brazier).
2")2 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
15. SCALARIA SP. ?
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms. One speci-
men obtained very much sea-worn
16. SCALARIA SP. 1
Sab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia. Two specimens
found dead, having all the varices worn off.
17. SCALARIA VESTALIS.
Scalaria vestalis, Hinds, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843, p. 125.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 93, pi. 34,
f. 97.
Hub. Cape York, North Australia, 11 fathoms, sand and mud.
One specimen was found of this beautiful species.
18. — Scalaria concinna.
Scalaria concinna, Sowerby, Jim., Pi'oc. Zool. Soc, London,
1844, p. 28.
„ „ ,, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 97, pi. 33,
f. G3.
Hub. Katow, New Guinea, 8 fathoms, sandy mud. Only one
specimen was found of this pretty species.
19. — Scalaria sp. 1
Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 25 fathoms, sand.
Specimen having the whole of the apertui'e, and two or three of
the upper whorls broken ; what remains of it resembles Scalaria
vulpina (Hinds).
20. — Scalaria, sp. 1
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy mud.
Small shell, very finely cancellated ; somewhat seaworn. One
specimen obtained, with the apertuie broken.
21. — Scalaria varicosa.
Scalaria varicosa, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 6, p. 227.
„ fimbriata, Lam. Encyclop., pi. 451, f. 4 a,b.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 253
Scalaria varicosa, Sow. Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 103, pi. 35,
f. 126, 128.
Sab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, white sand.
One tine living specimen was found.
Family Terebrid^e.
Sub-Family Terebrin^e.
22. — acus maculatus.
Buccinum maculatum, Linn. Gruel., p. 3499, No. 130.
Terebra maculata, Lam. Anirn. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 283.
,, ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 150, pi. 42,
f. 33.
„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 1, sp. 4.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Stiaits, found on the sands at low
water.
23. ACUS CHLORATUS.
Terebra cJilorata, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 288.
„ Knorrii, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, Loudon, 1834, p. 59.
,, chlorata, Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 1, p. 158, pi. 42,
f. 29.
,, „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 3, sp. 11.
Sab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the sands.
24. — Acus Jukesi.
Terebra Jukesi, Deshayes, French Journal de Couch., vol. 6,
1857, p. 95, pi. 5, f. 9.
Sab. Evans Bay, Cape York, North Australia, 6 fathoms, sand.
25. — Acus (Abretia) tenera.
Terebra tenera, Hinds, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843, p. 158.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 184, pi. 45,
f. 111.
Sab. Evans Bay, Cape York, North-East Australia. 6 fathoms,
sand.
254 the proceedings of the linnean society
26. — Hastula maemorata.
Terebra marmorata, Deshayes, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 19, fig.
91 a, b.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20 fathoms, sandy
mud; Sue Island, 11 fathoms, sand; Darnley Island, Torres
Straits, 20, 30 fathoms.
27. Hastula spectablis.
Terebra spectablis, Hinds, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843, p. 150.
,, ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 157, pi. 44,
f. 88.
,, „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 19, sp. 93 a, b.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15 fathoms, white sand.
28. — Terebra straminea.
Terebra straminea, Gray, Proc, Zool. Soc, 1834, p. 62.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 169, pi. 42,
fig. 22, 23.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch., Icon., pi. 12, sp. 47a, 47b.
Hab. Princess Charlotte Bay, North-East Australia, 14 fathoms,
rough sand bottom, one specimen found ; Cape Grenville, North-
East Australia, 20 fathoms, sandy mud bottom, one specimen
found. This is the variety figured by Reeve, 47b. Terebra acuta
and circinata (Deshayes) are quite distinct both in colour,
sculpture, and markings. Reeve is wrong in making them and
straminea one species.
29. — Tererra oculata.
Terebra oculata, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 286.
,, kevis, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1834 p. 61.
,, oculata, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 156, pi. 42,
f. 31.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 5, sp. IS.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the sands. One
fine living specimen was obtained 9 inches long.
of new. south wales. 255
30. — Terebra copula.
Terebra copula, Hinds, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 151.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 157, pi. 44,
f. 76.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon , pi. 19, sp. 92, a,b.
Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea, on the sands at low water.
31. — Terebra (Myurella) undulata.
Terebra undulata, Gra}^, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1834, p. 60.
„ ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 172, pi. 43,
f. 55.
„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 18, fig. 84.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, on the sands at the edge
of low water.
32. — Terebra (Myurella) cxelata.
Terebra ccelata, Adams and Reeve, Moll. Voyage, Sainarang,
p. 30, pi 10, f. 22.
„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 15, sp. 64.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom.
33. — Terebra (Myurella) cancellata.
Terebra cancellata, Quoy and Gaimard, Voyage de l'Astrolabe,
p. 471, pi. 36, f. 27, 28.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 178, pi. 44,
fig. 80.
Sab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20 fathoms, sandy
mud.
34. — Terebra (Myurella) columellaris.
Terebra columellaris, Hinds, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843,
p. 151.
„ areolata, Adams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang,
p. 30, pi. 10, fig. 23.
„ columellaris, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., Vol. 1, p. 172, pi.
44, f. 77.
,, „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 22, sp. 113.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15 fathoms, white sand
bottom.
256 the proceedings of the l1nnean society
35. — Terebra (Mvurella) violascens.
Terebra violascens, Hinds, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1843, p. 154.
,, ,, Sow. Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 177, pi. 45,
tig. 98.
„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 24, sp. 125.
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, sandy mud and fine coral, 8 fathoms.
One specimen was obtained of this tine shell.
Family Pyramidellidjs.
36. — Pyramidella auris-cati.
Valuta auris-cati, Chem. Conch, fig. 1711, 1712.
Pyramidella plicata, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 6. p. 223.
„ auris-cati, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 812,
pi. 172, f. 1, 2.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Specimen found on the
reef.
37. — Pyramidella subulata.
Pyramidella subulata, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1853, p. 177,
pi. 20, fig. 6.
„ ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 815,
pi. 172, fig. 13.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North -East Australia, 15 fathoms, sand ;
Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy mud. Four
specimens were found.
38. — Pyramidella gracilis.
Pyramidella gracilis, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1853,
p. 178.
„ ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 815, pi.
172, fig. 14, 15.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sand. One
specimen found.
39. — Obeliscus terebelloides.
Obeliscus terebelloides, A. Adams, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2,
p. 808, pi. 171, f. 18.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 257
Pyramidella tcrebelloides, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 1, sp. 8.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
mud.
40. — Obelisuus tessellatus.
Obeliscus tessellatus, A. Adams, Sowerby, Tlies. Conch., vol. 2,
p. 808, pi. 171, f. 10.
Pyrqntidella tessellata, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 1, sp. 4 a, b.
Hab. Darnley Island. Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy mud.
41. — Obeliscus pulchellus.
Obeliscus pulchellus, A. Adams, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2,
p, 808, pi. 171, fig, 20.
Pyramidella pulchella, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 4, sp. 24.
Hab. Cape York, North Australia, 6, 12 fathoms, sand bottom.
42. — Obeliscus aclis.
Obeliscus aclis, A. Adams, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 811,
pi. 171, tig. 30.
Pyramidella aclis, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 4, sp. 25 a, b.
Hab. — Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy mud.
43. -Turbonilla Darnleyensis, n. sp.
Shell elongated, turreted, white, transparent, longitudinally
ribbed, ribs smooth, interstices between the ribs minutely latticed
with raised stria? ; whorls 16, flattened, suture impressed, last
whorl below the periphery smooth and shining, slightly convex,
aperture round, columella thickened, slightly curved, peristome
thick.
Length 3^ lines, breadth f line.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom. Seven specimens were found of this species, only one
perfect in the lot.
44. — Turbonilla eximia, n. sp.
Shell subulate, turreted, very thin, white, whorls 9, roundly
convex, longitudinally prominently sharply ribbed, interstices
smooth, suture deep, the last whorl in front crossed with trans-
258 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
verse lines, below smooth, aperture small, somewhat squarely ovate,
columella straight, peristome thin, little produced in the centre.
Length 2 lines, breadth |- line.
Hab. Percy Island No. 2, North-East Australia, 18 fathoms,
bottom of broken coral, rough sand, and stones.
45. — TURBONILLA, SP.1?
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 8 fathoms, mud bottom. Specimens
very much seaworn and broken in the aperture.
46. TURBONILLA, SP. 1
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 8 fathoms, mud bottom. One
specimen was found, too much sea- worn for identification.
47. TURBONILLA, SP. 1
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sandy mud.
One sea-worn specimen found.
48. TURBONILLA APLINI, N. SP.
Shell acutely elongated, thick, shining, white, spirally encircled
with a pale yellowish broad band above the suture; longitudinally
rather broadly ribbed, ribs 17 on the last whorl, interstices smooth,
somewhat tabled at the suture, whorls 14-15 flattened, the last in
front below the periphery smooth, columella minutely twisted,
expanded below, aperture oblong ovate, outer lip nearly straight,
thin, acute.
Length 3| lines, breadth f line.
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 8 fathoms, coral and mud bottom.
Three specimens were obtained, but not in good condition.
49. — TURBONILLA CONFUSA, N. SP.
Shell elongated, somewhat cylindrical, thin, white, spirally
encircled above the suture with a faint yellowish band (only seen
with the lens), longitudinally ribbed, ribs 20 on the last whorl,
narrow, rounded, interstices transversely latticed, whorls 9-11 flat-
tened, the last in front spirally striated, convex, columella straight,
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 259
aperture ovate, peristome thin above, thickened in the middle,
expanded and reflected below.
Length, 3 lines, breadth f line.
Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sandy mud.
50. — Odosto.mia, sp. I
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sand. Two
specimens found sea-worn and broken in the aperture.
51. — Ol>OSTO.MIA, sp. 1
Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sand. One
specimen found dead and sea-worn.
52. — Odostomu, sp. \
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms sand. One
specimen found dead and worn.
53. — ODOSTOMIA CLARA, N. SP.
Shell ovately conical, thickened, transparent, shining, white,
whorls 7, slightly convex, suture deep, last whorl somewhat angled,
aperture ovate, produced anteriorly, columella plait, transverse
and small, peristome thin, simple, interior of aperture studded with
8 narrow distinct raised lines running spirally inwards.
Length, 3 lines, breadth 1^ line.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, rough
sand.
54. — Odostomia affinjs, n. sp. 1
Shell acuminately ovate, solid, smooth, white, whorls 7, fiat,
angulate at the sutures, faint keel above, spire lengthened, aper-
ture oblong ovate, slightly produced anteriorly, columella with
small narrow acute spiral plait ; peristome thin, acute, interior of
aperture furnished with 10 faint raised lines of striae.
Length 2-| lines, breadth 1 line.
Hab. Cape York, North Australia, 11 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, rough
sand.
260 the proceedings of the linnean society
55. — Odostomia compta, n. sp.
Shell eloQgate, very thin, smooth, transparent, white, whorls 8,
slightly convex, last minutely keeled in the centre, angulate at the
sutures, channelled, spire very much lengthened, aperture some-
what oblong, ovate, produced anteriorly, columella with strong thick
transverse spiral plait, peristome thin, acute, interior of aperture
near the edge granulated, furnished well down with 9 narrow,
minute raised lines of stria?, interstices broad, minutely granulated.
Length ~l\, breadth 1 line.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
bottom.
50. — Odostomia polita, n. sp.
Shell elongate, thick, smooth, white, shining, whorls 6£, slightly
convex, the last obsoletely keeled in the centre and contiguous to
the suture ; convex below, suture channelled, spire more than half
the whnle length, aperture roundly ovate, columella with strong-
oblique spiral plait ; excavated behind, peristome thin above,
thickened below, interior of aperture furnished from the edge of
lip with 7 narrow sharp-edged lines of stria?, half-way down the
stria? in the interstices are finer and transparent.
Length 2 lines, breadth f lines.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
bottom.
57. — Odostomia parvula, n. sp.
Shell acuminately ovate, rather thin, smooth, whitish, whorls
6, rather flat, the last small below the periphery, convex, sutures
channelled, spire long, aperture oblong ovate, produced anteriorly,
columella fold transverse, rather thick in the centre, thin at the
edge, peristome thin, acute, interior of the aperture furnished with
7 narrow lines of striae, interstices rough.
Length If, breadth f line.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
58. — Syrnola cinctella.
Syrnola cinctella, A. Ad. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1860, vol. 6,
3 series, p. 33.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. -<">1
Pyramidella cinctella, Sowerby, Reeve, Conch., pi. 6, sp. 45.
Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy mud.
59. — Syrnola pulchra, n. sp.
Shell acutely elongated, rather thin, smooth, whitish, whorls 11,
flat, the last convex, suture deep, spirally encircled with a light
yellowish brown narrow band just above the suture, last whorl
with obsolete band of the same colour entering spirally into the
interior ; aperture ovate, peristome thin, columella plait rather
prominent and twisted outwardly, interior of aperture furnished
halfway down with 4 white prominent lines of striae, the upper
one thickest.
Length 3 lines, breadth J line.
Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy mud ;
Cape York, North Australia, 1 1 fathoms, white sand.
Specimens from Cape York have only one band.
The Ichthyology of the Chevert Expedition, by Haynes Gibbes
Alleyne, M.D., and William Macleay, F.L.S.
During the voyage of the Chevert to New Guinea, no oppor-
tunity was lost by those on board of securing specimens of the
fishes of the seas passed through. The result has been a collection
of a most varied and interesting character, exceeding in point of
number the collections made in those seas on any previous occasion.
It is our intention in this and succeeding Papers to give a list
of these Fishes, with notes on their habits, localities, etc. The
new species will be described and illustrated, and where previous
descriptions have been imperfect, re-descriptions will be given of
those previously named.
The labour attached to the task we have assigned ourselves is
greater than will be generally believed, involving, as it does, the
repeated examination of over a thousand fishes of all sizes, packed,
some in bottles and some in large tanks, and with not a few very
l'Gl' the proceedings of the linnean society
much injured and rendered difficult of recognition by the knocking
about which they got on board ship when in insufficiently filled
tanks.
The collection lias been made exclusively on the Australian
coast in the inner passage from Percy Island to Cape York, in New
Guinea at Katow and Hall Sound, and in Torres Straits from
Warrior Island on the West to Darnley Island on the East.
We adopt the divisions and arrangt ;nent given by Gunther in
his celebrated Catalogue of the Fishes of the British Museum.
Order 1. — Acanthopterygii.
Family Percid^e.
New Genus — Pseudolates.
Seven branchiostegals. No pseudobranchise. Very fine villiform
teeth on the jaws, vomer, palatine bones, and tongue. Two dorsals,
the first with seven spines. The anal fin with three spines. Oper-
culum with one spine. Piseoperculum with strong spines at the
angle and lower limb. Proeorbital finely serrated. Scales large.
1.— Pseudolates cavifrons.
plate III.
D. 7-Jp A. §.
Body rather compressed. Height four and a third times in the
total length. Head, nearly three and a half in the same. Teeth,
minute, uniform, feeling like fine sandpaper. Profile of head con-
cave. Upper maxillary large, extending beyond the vertical from
the posterior portion of the eye. Lower jaw longer than the upper.
Distance between the eyes about ecpial to the diameter of the orbit.
Prseoperculum finely serrated on the posterior edge, with a strong
spine at the angle, and three smaller spines on the lower limb. A flat
acute spine on the upper part of the operculum. Coracoid with
seven denticulations, the upper one indistinct. Pectoral fins small,
ventrals with a very strong spine. The third spine of first dorsal
very strong, and more than half the height of the body. Soft dorsal
scaly at the base. Anal with the third spine much the longest, and
the soft poi-tion received into a scaly sheath. Caudal fin rounded,
colour shining, brown on the back, pale beneath. Scales on the
body very large and finely serrated.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 20.°)
One specimen of this fish was caught somewhere in Torres
Straits or the coast of New Guinea, the exact locality is not known.
It is two feet long, and nearly six inches deep. Its affinity to
Lates is very marked ; in fact, but for the rough tongue and large
scales, we would have taken it for Lutes nobilis of Cuv. and
Val. 2, p. 96, pi. 13.
2. — Serranus Gilberti.
Rich. Ann. Nat. Hist., 1842, p. 19.
Serranus megachir, Rich. Ich. Chin. p. 230.
„ partialis, Blecker, Perc, p. 37.
It is by no means easy to identify the species of this genus.
They are numerous, they much resemble one another, and they
have never, as we think, been very accurately described. The
present species, more remarkable for the size of its pectoral fins
than anything else, seems to have been found pretty generally from
the latitude of Trinity Bay to Cape Yoidc.
3. — Serranus hexagonatus.
Serranus hexagonatus, Cuv. and Val. 2, p. 330, and 6, p. 516 ;
Guer. Icon. Poiss., pi. 4, f. 1 ■ Rich. Voy. Sulph., p 82, pi. 38,
f. 1, &c, &c.
This species has a multiplicity of synonyms which we have cur-
tailed very much as being unnecessary for refei'ence. Gunther in
his Catalogue makes out the species foveatus (Cuv. and Val.), Merra
(Cuv. and Val.\ and stellans (Rich.), to be synonymous with
this, but doubts have been expressed as to the correctness of
merging all these names in one.
We find that the references to Cuvier and Valenciennes Fishes,
given by Gunther in his Catalogue, are quite different as to pages
from the edition in our possession. We have, however, adhered to
the references given by Gunther, as not improbably he may have
taken them from an edition more generally in use than ours.
One specimen was taken at the Palm Islands.
264 the proceedings of the linnean society
4. — Serranus crapao.
Cuv. and Val. 3, p. 494; Rich. Ann. Nat. Hist., 1842, p. 25.
This species was found in great abundance about the reefs of
Long Island in Torres Straits.
5. — Serranus Australis.
Casteln, Researches on Aust. Fishes, p. 7.
One specimen was taken at Darnley Island.
6. — Serranus fuscoguttatus.
Riipp. Atl. Fisch., p. 108, t. 27, f. 2, Peters, Wiegm. Archiv.
.1855, p. 235.
The only specimen in the collection of this fine species is from
Cape Grenville.
7.- -Serranus alatus.
Plate IV., fig. 2.
HI' A3
Head, more than a third of the total length. Diameter of the
eye, one-fifth of the length of the head, and about equal to the
space between the eyes, A small deep hollow between the eyes.
Upper maxillary extending far beyond the vertical from the pos-
terior part of the orbit. Prseoperculum finely denticulated on the
posterior limb, with a slight emargination above the angle. Oper-
culum with the middle spine flat and acute, the upper invisible,
and the lower small and acute. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral very
large, and extending to the vertical from the third anal spine. The
head, back, and sides are closely covered with large brown, hexa-
gonal spots, separated only by white lines, the spots becoming less
crowded and distinct upon the under surface. On the dorsal fin
the spots are large and divided by two longitudinal yellowish
bands. The caudal fin is yellow, spotted with brown. The pectoral
and anal fins are of a dark brown, with small spots of yellow. rJ he
head beneath and thorax are whitish, with broad brown bands.
One specimen, 12 inches long, of this handsome Serranus was
captured at Hall Sound, New Guinea.
of new south wales. 2g5
8. — Serranus carinatus.
Plate IV. Fig. 3.
Oblong. Height of body less than one-fourth of the total length.
Head, one-third of the same. Eye, four and a half times in the
length of the head, and larger than the space between the eyes.
Teeth fine. Intermaxillary very thin. Upper maxillary scarcely
reaching to the vertical from the middle of the eye. Prseoper-
culum irregularly denticulated, with a slight emargination above
the angle. Operculum with the spines acute. A prominent curved
ridge on the suboperculum near the angle of the prseopei*culum.
Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fins reaching to the extremity of the
ventrals. Coloration in spirits pale, with large rounded or hexagonal
brown spots, which are continued of about the same size on the
dorsal fin, and of a less size on the caudal. The other fins are also
spotted, but more indistinctly.
Two of this fish, eight inches long, were caught at Cape Grenville.
It seems to resemble a good deal Serranus ffoivlandi, Gunth.,
Journ. Mus. Godeff. 3, p. 8, t. 9, f. B There are other Serrani in
the collection which we have been unable satisfactorily to deter-
mine, either from the specimens being injured or immature.
9. — Plectropoma maculatum.
Cuv. and Val. 2, p. 393, ; Bleek. Jav., p. 39, &c.
Bodianus maculatus, Bloch, t. 288, Lacep. 4, pp. 280-293.
Plectropoma punctatum, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Freyc, Zool.
Poiss., p. 318, t. 45, f. 1.
,, areolatum, Riipp. Atl., pp. 110-143.
The only specimen was caught at Fair Cape.
10. — GENYOROGE SEBiE.
Diacope Sebce, Cuv. and Val. 2, p. 310.
„ Siamensis, Cuv. and Val. 6, p. 524.
Mesoprion Sebce, Bleek. Perc. p. 45.
266 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Several large specimens of this fish were caught at the Percy
Islands. The violet cross bands are scarcely traceable in the spirit
specimens, and the general color is a faded yellow, but the fish
when fresh caught is of a brilliant golden red.
11. — Genyoroge unicolor.
Plate IV. Fig. 1.
r> ii A 3
U- TTT-Tf' ^- -g--¥-
Length of head equal to the height of the body, and nearly one-
fourth of the total length. Diameter of orbit one fourth of the
length of the head. Prseoperculum finely serrated, with the notch
small. Subopercular ridge bluntly acuminated. Soft dorsal and
anal tins, not elevated behind, and somewhat rounded. Caudals
forked. Colour, uniform pale red.
Two specimens were taken at the Percy Islands of about twelve
inches in length. The shape of the soft dorsal and anal fins con-
stitutes a very marked difference between this and the preceding
species.
12. — Mesoprion Waigiensis.
Diacope Waigiensis, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Freyc, Zool., p. 307.
„ immaculata, Cuv. and Val. 2, p. 430.
One specimen from Cape Grenville.
13. — Ambassis Papuensis.
Plate V. Fig. 4.
D. 7|, A. §, P. 13.
The height of the body is one-third of the length without the
caudal fin. Diameter of orbit nearly half the length of the head.
Second dorsal spine almost as long as the head. Third spine of anal
fin longest. Operculum unarmed. Infraorbital and double edge of
praeoperculum strongly denticulated, the teeth pointing backwards.
Lateral line interrupted where it entrrs the median line. Colour,
reddish yellow, with a silvery band on the median line and minute
black dots along the black. A little black on the spinous dorsal and
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 207
caudal fins. The latter is moderately forked. The procumbent spine
in front of the dorsal fin is not visible.
This species was seen in dense shoals close to the southern shore
of Hall Sound. Specimens were obtained by firing a charge of
small shot into the thick of them. The wounded immediately came
to the surface, and a few of the least injured were selected as
specimens.
14. — Apogon fasciatus {White).
Mullus fasciatus, White, N. S. Wales, p. 268, f. 1.
Apogon novem fasciatus, Cuv. and Yal. 2, p. 154, Bleek, Timor,
1 p. 163 ; Peters, Wiegm. Arch., 1855, p. 234.
,, fasciatus, Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Freyc, 2 vol., p. 344.
„ Balinensis, Bleek. Perc, p. 28, &c.
„ Arubiensis, Hombr. and Jacquin, Voy. au Pole Sud.,
Poiss., p. 31, pi. 1, f. 1.
Apogon eudelca-tcenia, Bleek, Banka, p. 449.
The specimens in the collection of this widely distributed species
are from Cape Grenville and Daraley Island. They differ con-
siderably, and it is not improbable that the Darnley Island fish
may prove to be distinct.
15. — Apogon guttulatus.
Plate V. Fig. 1.
D. 7£, A. f.
Height three and a half times in the total length. The third
dorsal spine is the longest. t Body silvery and speckled all over
with minute black dots, with three longitudinal dark bands on
each side — one from the top of the head to the termination of the
soft dorsal fin ; another, the largest, from the muzzle through the
eye to the tail, the third from the suboperculum to the tail,
marking the limits of a very silvery belly. The fins are whitish
and very minutely speckled.
This fish was very numerous at Darnley Island, in holes in the
rocks at low water. The average length is scarcely over an inch.
268 the proceedings of the linnean society
16. Apogonichthys Darnleyensis.
Plate V. Fig. 3.
D. 71, A. f, L. lat. 28.
Height two and a half times in the length of the body without
the tail. Diameter of orbit, a little less than half the length of the
head. Edge of orbit and double edge of proeoperculum punctured,
and showing under the lens minute serrations. The third and
fourth spines of the dorsal fin are of nearly equal length, and are
longer than the others. The fifth and sixth rays of the soft dorsal,
and the fourth, fifth, and sixth ot the anal fins are longest, Scales
large and ciliated. Tail truncate. Coloration, yellowish brown,
with darker cloudings. There is a black streak from the eye to the
angle of the prseoperculuai, and a black spot at the upper posterior
corner of the orbit. There is a dark mark on the operculum, but
without a white edge. All the fins are blackish, with the excep-
tion of the pectorals, which are of a pale hue.
One specimen from Darnley Island.
1 7. — Apogonichthys marmoratus.
Plate V. Fig. 2.
D. 71, A. f. .
Height of the body one-third of the total length. Muzzle rather
prolonged. Cleft of mouth little oblique. Lateral line continued only
to the commencement of the soft dorsal fin. Tail truncate. Colora-
tion reddish yellow, transversely marbled with brown. There is a
broad yellow patch on the prseopex-culum, and a large blue white-
edged spot on the operculum. All the fins except the pectoral are
marked with several small wavy fascia? formed of minute spots.
Two specimens, Cape Grenville.
New Genus — Homalogrystes.
Body oblong. Mouth large. Lower jaw longer than the upper.
A bvoad band of acute, recurved, somewhat conical teeth in both
jaws. A band of similar teeth on the vomer and palatine bomes.
Two canines close together on each side of the upper jaw, in front.
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 269
Large conical teeth on the branchial arches and pharynx. Tongue
smooth. Six branchiostegals. Operculum armed. Prceoperculum
bluntly serrated and emarginate on the posterior edge. Eye
moderate. Scales small. One dorsal fin with eleven spines. Caudal
fin rounded.
18. HOMALOGRYSTES GuNTHERI.
Plate VI. Fig. 3.
D.'ji A. f, P. 17,C. 18.
Height three and a half times in the total length. Head three
times in the same. Upper maxillary extending to the vertical from
the middle of the eye. A space half an inch wide at the symphysis
of both jaws almost without teeth. Operculum of a dense bony
consistence, with two flat spines and a large convexity fitting the
emargination of the prajoperculum. Dorsal spines strong, and
tolerably uniform in size. Colour, dark on the back and light on
the belly, with scattered spots all over, like those of Oligorus
Macquariensis.
This huge fish, measuring thirty-six inches in length, twenty-six
in girth, and eight in width of mouth, was caught by the hook in
six or seven fathoms of water, about twelve miles south of the
New Guinea coast at Katow. The sea at that distance from the
shore was of a muddy appearance, and palms and other trees were
floating about in abundance, indicating the presence of a large
quantity of fresh water.
There can be little doubt there is a great affinity in this fish to
Grystes. In general aspect it resembles Oligorus, but its dentition
and the number of its branchiostegals separate it from that genus.
We have named the species after the distinguished author of the
" Catalogue of the Fishes of the British Museum."
19. — Odontonectes erythrogastes (Renard 1, 32, 174).
Ccesio erythrogaster, Cuv. and Val. 6, p. 442, pi. 166 ; Bleek
Conch. Batav. Gensch. 23, Macniel, p. 9.
Two specimens of this handsome fish were taken at JFitzroy
Island.
270 the proceedings of the linnean society
Family Pristipomatido:.
20. — Therapon theraps.
Cuv. and Val. 3, p. 129, pi. 53 ; Bleek. Perc. p. 50 ; Rich. Ann.
and mag. Nat. Hist., 1842, vol. 9, p. 126; Rtipp, Neue, Wirb.
Fische, p. 95.
Found abundantly from Palm Islands to Flinders' Island.
21. — Therapon servus.
Sciama jarbua, Forsk. descr. Anim,. p. 50 ; Shaw, Zool. 4, p. 541.
Holocentrus servus, Block, t. 238, f. 1.
„ jarbua, Lacep., pp. 348-355.
Grammistes servus, Bl. Schn., p. 185.
Therapon Timoriensis, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Freyc, Poiss.,
p. 341.
Therapon servus, Cuv. and Val. 3, p. 125, and 7, p. 479;
Bleeker Perc, p. 50 ; Rich. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1842,
vol. 9, p. 126 ; Riipp. N. Wirb. Fische, p. 95.
Pterapon trivittatus, Gray, Incl. Zool, pi. —
Specimens were got at Cape York, and in Hall Sound, New
Guinea.
22. — Therapon caudovittatus.
Datnia caudovittata, Rich. Voy. Ei'eb. and Terr., Fishes, p. 24,
pi. 18, f. 3-5.
Found abundantly about Long Island in Torres Straits.
23. — Pristipoma hasta.
Lutjanus hasta, Bloch, t. 246, f. 1, Lacep. 4, p. 229.
Labrus commersonii, Lacep. 3, pp. 431-447, pi. 23, f. 1.
Lutjanus microstoma, Lacep. 3, pi. 34, f. 2.
Pristipoma TcaTcaan, Cuv. and Val. 2, p. 244, &c.
„ hasta, Cuv. and Val. 5, p. 247, &c.
,, commersonii, Cuv. and Val. 5, p. 252, &c.
„ chrysobalioa, Cuv. and Val. 5, p. 248.
One specimen of this beautiful fish was taken in Hall Sound,
New Guinea.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 271
24. DlAGRAMMA CRASSILABRE.
Plate V. Fig. 5.
D. 14, A. f, P. 17, L. kt., about 60.
Height two and a half times in the total length. Length of
head three and one-third times in the same. Profile convex. Eye
large, and of a deep yellow. Space between the eyes more than
the diameter of the orbit. Mouth small. Lips very fleshy. Posterior
limb of praeoperculum straight and deeply serrated. Operculum
with two rather blunt points. Scales small, ctenoid. Dorsal fin
deeply notched, the spinous portion partially received into a
groove on the back, the spines strong — the fourth longest, the
thirteenth and fourteenth short and equal. The middle rays of the
soft dorsal longest, giving a rounded appearance to the fin pos-
teriorly. Anal fin similarly shaped, but small, the second spine
long and very strong. Both soft dorsal and anal fins seal}7 at the
base. Pectorals small, not reaching to the extremity of the ventrals.
caudal fin truncate. Colour entirely of a dark silvery grey, getting
lighter on the belly, with the fins, front of the head before the
eyes, and all parts not clothed with scales, of a blackish hue.
This fish seems to be very distinct from anything hitherto
described, unless it may be the Pristipoma nigrum of Cuv. and
Val. 5, p. 258, which is so imperfectly described as to be
unrecognizable.
Two specimens, twelve inches and twenty inches long respec-
tively, were taken at Hall Sound, New Guinea.
25. — SCOLOPSIS MARGARITIFER.
Cuv. and Val. 5, p. 337 ; Bleek., Verh. Batav. Genootsch. 23,
Scisen., p. 30.
One specimen, about ten inches long, was taken at Cape Grenville.
26. — Synagris furcosus.
Dentex furcosus, Cuv. and Yal. 6, p. 244.
This species was found everywhere along the coast from the
Palm Islands to Cape Grenville.
272 the proceedings of the linnean society
27. — Synagris t.eniopterus.
Dentex kenlopterus, Guv. and Val. 6, p. 246; Bleek. Verli. Batav.
Gen. 23, p. 11.
Two specimens were caught off Cape Sidmouth.
28. — Pentapus paradiseus.
G-unth. Catal. 1, p. 383.
This beautiful fish was only seen at one place off Cape Sidmouth,
but there it seemed to be abundant, and to take the hook readily.
Several specimens were captured.
29. — Gerres abbreviatus.
Bleek. Jav. 1, p. 163, and Verb. Bat. Gen. 23, p. 11.
Two specimens, Cape Grenville.
30. — Gerres Cheverti.
Plate VII. Fig. 1.
D. -ft, A. f , L. lat. 40.
Height of body two-thirds of total length. Head, one- fourth of
the same. Diameter of orbit, one-third of the length of the head.
Body very compressed, forming an angle at its greatest elevation
at the commencement of the dorsal fin, and sloping from thence
steeply to the muzzle. The second dorsal spine is equal to half the
height of the body. The second and third anal spines are about
equal in length, the second being stoutest. Colour bright silvery,
ventral and anal fins deep yellow, dorsal pale and tipped with
black.
The only specimen in the collection of this very handsome species
is marked as coming from Cape Grenville.
The length is four inches.
31. — Gerres longicaudus.
Plate VII. Fig. 2.
D. Ia7, A. » , L. lat. 50.
Height of body three times in the total length. Length of head
four times in the same. The second dorsal spine is half the height
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 273
of the body. Summit of back rounded. Scales rather small. Scaly
sheath of the tins small. The second and third anal spines equal.
Colour moderately silvery. Fins pale — the caudal long, forked, and
tipped with black ; the dorsal blackish on the upper half.
Numerous about Cape Grenville. The average length of the
specimens caught was about five inches.
32. — GERRES CARINATUS.
Plate VII. Fig. 4.
D. -£j, A. £-, L. lat. about 35.
Height of body nearly four times in the total length. Head as
long as the height of the body. The second dorsal spine slight, and
more than half the height of the body. There is a straight median
line below the lateral line, which is carinated near the operculum,
and depressed towards the tail. The head is much foveated, and
has a ridge on the summit extending from the intermaxillary
groove to the commencement of the dorsal fin. The prfeoperculum
has a double edge, the inner one slightly serrated. Colour, bright
silvery, with numerous black spots irregularly disposed over the
back and sides. Fins pale, the dorsal lightly tipped with black ;
the tail is long and forked, with a brownish mark at the base.
This very peculiar and well marked species comes from Darnley
Island.
Two specimens were got, each about three inches long.
33. — Gerres bispinosus.
Plale VII. Fig. 3.
D. -j^-, A. f, L. lat. about 37.
Height of body three and a third times in the total length. The
third dorsal spine slightly longer than the second and half the height
of the body. A line below the lateral line from the upper part of
the operculum to the tail, keeled on its anterior half and depressed
on its posterior. Colour silvery, slightly reddish above the lateral
line. Fins, pale yellow — the dorsal slightly tipped with black,
the caudal widely forked, and reddish yellow at its base.
Two specimens from Hall Sound, New Guinea.
274 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
The absence of the third anal spine is peculiar. The fish is alsc
more elongate than is usual in the genus.
The specimens are three inches long.
NEW GENUS G-ERREOMORPHA,
Characters of Get- res, but with ten dorsal spines.
34. — Gerreomorpha rostrata,
Plate VIII. Fig. 3.
D. -y, A. f, L. lat. about 45.
Height of body one-third of the total length, of which the caudal
flu forms one-fourth. Head one-fourth the total length. Diameter
of orbit one-fourth the length of the head. First dorsal spine very
short, the second strong— -its length two and a half times in height
of the body. Scaly sheath of the fins large, middle rays of pectoral
fins elongate, reaching as far as the commencement of the anal.
Snout appearing prominent, owing to the head being much hollowed
out above and below. Colour brilliant silvery. Tips of dorsal and
caudal fins black.
Only one specimen of this splendid fish was taken, and unfor-
tunately the exact locality of its capture was not noted, but it was
somewhere in Torres Straits. It is a very distinct and well marked
species. We have been compelled to establish a new genus for it,
for the single reason that the dorsal fin has ten spines, while one
of the generic characters assigned to Gerres is that the dorsal fin
has only nine spines.
The specimen is fourteen inches in length.
Family Mullid^e.
35. — Upeneus malabaricus.
Cuv. and Val. 3, p. 467.
Two specimens from Cape Grenville, from eleven to twelve
inches long.
We make the dorsal formula to be 7|> not ^ as given by Cuvier
and Valenciennes.
of new south wales. 275
Family Sparilve.
36. — Pachymetopon squamosum.
Plate IX. Fig. 1.
Form oval. Height of body at the extremity of the ventral
fin two and a half times in the total length. Head, nearly five
times in the same. Mouth small. Intermaxillary large, rounded
above, and without scales. Upper maxillary reaching to the vertical
from the posterior nostril, which is elongate. A convex transverse
protuberance extends between the eyes, and in front of that the
head is without scales. The eyes are rather large, of a yellow colour,
and very distant. The prseoperculum is entirely covered with
scales, and is very slightly serrated on the angle, which is broadly
rounded. Scales on lateral line, 58. Scales on body moderate.
Pectoral, caudal, anal, and soft dorsal fins completely covered with
minute scales The pectorals are short, not reaching to the middle
of the ventrals. The caudal is broadly bilobed. The oft dorsal and
anal fins are elevated, and vertical behind. Dorsal spines 11, short,
received into a dorsal groove. Anal spines, 3, the third as much
longer than the second as the second is longer than the first. Colour
greenish olive, paler towards the belly, each scale with a light
pearly centre, giving an appearance of many longitudinal lines.
Pacliymetopon grande, the fish for which this genus was formed,
is described by Gunther Cat. Brit. Mus. Fishes, vol. 1, p. 24, with
great care, though from an old specimen and without a habitat.
The present species from Hall Sound, New Guinea, is evidently
very distinct. The fins are more completely covered with scales,
so is the prfeoperculum ; the soft dorsal and anal fins are differently
shaped; the pectoral fin is short, instead of elongate, and the
coloration and form of the fish is different .
The specimen, which was speared by the natives, is about four-
teen inches long, over five inches in height at the highest part —
the vent, and is of considerable thickness.
37. — Lethrinus nematacanthus.
Bleek. Japan, p. 403, and Verh. Batav. Genootsch. 26, p. 91,
tab. 6.
276 THE PROCEEDJNGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Numerous along the coast at Cape Grenville and the Pipon
Islands.
38. — Lethrinus chrysostomus.
Rich. Voy. Ereb. and Terr., Iclithyol. p. 118, pi. GO, f. 6-7.
Found abundantly from the Percy Islands to Cape York.
39. — Lethrinus laticaudis.
Plate VIII. Fig 2.
Height of body two and a half times in the total length. Head
four times in the same. Diameter of orbit much less than the
distance between the eyes. Muzzle distant from the eye much more
than two diameters of the orbit. Teeth rather small. Scales on the
lateral line 47. Pectoral fin elongate. Caudal emarginate, wide-
spread. Colour greenish olive, paler beneath, with an almost obso-
lete dark mark beneath the lateral line near the pectoral tin, and
several very indistinct brown bands from the back to the belly,
becoming more conspicuous towards the tail. The ventral, anal
and dorsal fins brownish ; the soft dorsal spotted.
One specimen was caught at the Percy Islands.
It is of an unusually deep compressed form, being four inches
two lines in height to a total length of ten inches four lines.
40. — Lethrinus Papuensis.
Plate VIII. Fig. 1.
Height of body three and one-thrrd times in the total length,
head four times in the same. Diameter of orbit nearly one-third
of the length of the head, and rather less than the space between
the eyes. Snout rather narrow. Molar teeth distinct. Scales on
lateral line, 48. Spines of dorsal fin feeble. Caudal fin emarginate.
Colour dark olive on the back, becoming yellowish towards the
belly, with a large obscure black spot below the lateral line, about
the middle of the body.
One specimen of this very distinct species was got at Hall
Sound, New Guinea. It seems to have most resemblance to
Lethrinus Banhamemis, Guntli. Jour. Mus. Godeff., Heft. 7, pi. 47.
op new south wales. 277
Family Squamipinnes.
41. holocanthus sexstriatus.
Cuv. and Val. 7, p. 194; Bleek. Verb. Batav. Genootsch. 23,
p. 25.
CJmtodon vorticosus, Gronov. Syst. p. 74.
Several large specimens were taken near Cape GrenvilJe.
42. — SCATOPHAGUS MULTIFASCIATUS.
Rich. Voy. Ereb. and Terr., Fishes, p. 57, pi. 35, f. 46.
Common at Cape York and Hall Sound.
43. — Drepane punctata.
Chcetodon punctatus, L. Gin,, p. 1243, &c.
„ longimanus, Bl. Schn., p. 231.
„ fcdcatus, Lacep. 4, pp. 452-470, &c.
Ephippus punctatus longimanus, Cuv. Reg. Anims.
Direpane punctata, Cuv. and val. 7, p. 132, pi. 179, ifec.
,, longimana, Cuv. and Val. 7, p. 133, <fec.
Harpochirus punctatus and longimanus, Cant. Catal. pp. 1G2-1G3.
Cape York, very abundant.
44. — Scorpis VINOSA.
Plate IX. Fig. 2.
Height two and a half times in the total length. Snout small,
rounded, convex, without scales, and with numei-ous punctures.
Head naked on the forehead up to the eyes, and punctured. Space
between the eyes wide and convex. Outer teeth in a single row,
compressed and pointed. Upper maxillary scaly, extending nearly
to a line with the middle of the eye. Prseoperculum minutely ser-
rated. Operculum emarginate below the angle. Scales small,
those on the fins very small. Dorsal fin with ten spines, anal with
three of nearly equal length ; Soft dorsal and anal fins equal,
rounded and nearly vertical behind, and so covered with scales
as to make the number o the rays invisible. Caudal fin bilobed.
Colour of an uniform opaque claret hue.
One specimen, 4 inches long, was taken at Darnley Island.
278 the proceedings op the lixnean society
Family Trtglim:.
45. — Scorpcena Bynoensis.
Rich. Voy. Ereb. and Terr., Fishes, p. 22, pi. 14, f. 3-4.
Two specimens, Darnley Island.
46. — Pterois volitans.
Seba, 3.28.1 ; Renard, Poiss., 1.6.41-143.215, &c.
Gasterosteus volitans, L. 1, p. 491.
Scorpcena volitans, L. Gra. 1 p. 119 ; Block., t. 184, &c.
Scorpcena make, Lace p. 3, p. 278.
Pterois volitans, Cuv. and Val. 4, p. 352, pi. 88 ; Bleek. Verb.
Batav. Genoostch, 22, p. 8 ; Riipp, N. W. Fische, p. 107.
One specimen, Hall Sound.
47. — Tetraroge Darnleyensls.
Plate VI. Fig. 1.
D. -La A. f.
Body compressed, oblong, without scales. Head large. Cleft of
mouth oblique. Upper maxillary reaching to the vertical from the
posterior third of the eye. Space between the eyes narrow and
deeply grooved with two fine, partially converging ridges. Prseor-
bital armed, with one of the spines, long, acute, and directed back-
wards. Prseoperculum armed with several strong spines, the upper
one long and acute ; both operculum and prseoperculum strongly
keeled- Dorsal fin commencing above the eye. Pectorals large,
spreading and reaching beyond the origin of the anal fin. Colour
in spirits, yellowish, mixed and mottled with black.
One specimen from Darnley Island found in coral.
48. — Platycephalus insidiator.
Cottvs insidiator, Forsk., p. 25 ; L. Cm. 1, p. 1213 ; Shaw,
Zool., Arc.
Callionymus indicus, L. Gm. 1., p. 1153.
Cottus spatalce, Bl. taf. 424.
Platycephalus insidiator, Bl. Schn., p. 59 ; Cuv. and Val. 4, p. 227;
Riipp, N. W. Fische, p. 102; Bleek. Verb. Batav. Gen. 22, p. 6 ;
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 279
Faun. Japon. Poiss., p. 39, pi. 15, f. 1 ; Cant. Catal. p, 37 ; Bl.
Sclm., p. 59, P. spatula.
Batraclms indicus, Bl. Schn., p. 43.
CaUiomorus indicus, Lacep. 2, p. 343.
Coitus Madagascariensis, Lacep. 3, p. 48. t. 11. f. 1-2; Shaw
Zool. 4, p. 261, pi. 37 ; Russell, pi. 46.
CaUiomorus chacca, Buch. Ham. pp. 133-373.
Platycephalus endrachtensis, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Freyc, Zool.,
p. 353 ; Cuv. and Val. 4, p. 240.
Platycephalus chacca, Gray, Zool. Ind. 2, pi. f. 2.
Taken at Capes G-renville and York.
49. — Platycephalus isacanthus.
Cuv. and Val. 4, p. 246 ; Cuv. Regn. Anim. 111. Poiss. pi. 22,
f. 3 ; Less. Voy. Coq., p. 214.
Single specimens were taken at the Palm Islands and Cape
Grenville.
Family Trachlnid.e.
50. SlLLAGO CILIATA.
Cuv. and Val. 3, p. 415 ; Cuv. Regn. Anim. pi. 13, f. 2.
Abundant at Cape York. Found also at the Percy Islands.
51. — SlLLAGO MACULATA.
Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Freyc. Zool. p. 261, pi. 53, f. 2.; Cuv.
and Val. 3, p. 411 ; Bleek. Perc, p. 62, &c. &c.
One specimen was taken at No. 4 Island, Howick Group.
52. — SlLLAGO GRACILIS.
Plate VI. Fig. 2.
D. 11^., A. YV-
Height of body six and a half times in the total length. Head
about four times in the same. Colour brilliant yellowish red, with
a lateral silvery band, and three rows of distant black spots — one
on the silvery band, one between that and the back, and one on
the summit of the back. Fins pale, unspotted. Caudal truncate.
Two specimens were taken either at Darnley Island or Hall
Sound, most probably the latter.
They are both about the same length, three inches.
280 the proceedings of the linnean society
53. — Opisthognathus maculatus.
Plate IX. Fig. 3.
D. 25, A. 16.
Height of body nearly six times in. the total length. Head three
and one-third times in the same. Space between the eyes less than
one-fourth of the diameter of the orbit. The upper maxillary
reaches neai*ly to the angle of the prseoperculuni. The lateral line
takes its rise above the operculum, and extends near and parallel
to the dorsal fin to within an inch of the tail. Colour brownish
red above, paler beneath, and marked all over with scattered black
or deep brown spots — those on the head and pectoral fins small,
those on the body and dorsal fin of various sizes. Anal fin with
three spots and a black margin ; caudal fin rounded. The ventral
fins are ill-developed, and somewhat blenniform.
One specimen, seven inches long, of this curious fish was got at
Palm Island.
Family Sphyr^enidje.
54. — Sphyr.ena Forsteri.
Cuv. and Val. 3, p. 353, and 7, p. 509 ; Bleek. Jav. 2, p. 424,
and Sphyr. p. 13.
One specimen, thirteen inches long, fiom Hall Sound, New
Guinea.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Plate III.
Pseudolales cavifrons, |- nat. size.
Plate IV.
1. Genyoroge unicohr, \ nat. size.
2. Serranus alatus, 1 nat. size.
3. Serranus carinatus, | nat. size.
OF NEW SOUTH WALKS. 281
Plate V.
1. Apogon guttulatus, nat. size.
2. Apugonicthj/s mannoratus, nat. size.
3. ,, Darnleyensis, nat size.
4. Ambassis Papuensis, nat size.
•"). Diagramma crassilabre, \ nat. size.
Plate VI.
1. Tetraroge Darnleyensis, nat. size.
2. Sillagu gracilis, nat. size.
3. Homalogrystes Guntheri, I nat. size.
Plate VII.
1. Geires Cheverti, nat. size.
2. ,, longicaudis, A nat. size,.
3. ,, bispinosus, nat. size.
4. ,, carinatus, nat. size.
Plate VIII.
1. Lethrinus Pajmensis, }, nat. size.
2. ,, laticaudis, \- nat. size..
3. Gerreomorplta rostrata '4 ia nat. size.
Plate /X.
1. Pachymetopon squamosum, ((bout \ nat. size.
2. Scoipis vinosa, nearly nut. size.
3. Opistltugnatltus maculatus, over .', nat. size.
Note on Poephila Gouklite, by E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S.,
Curator of the Australian Museum.
Since my last remarks on this species I have received a letter
from my friend, Mr. Armitt, of Queensland, who informs me that
the male of the bird I exhibited at our last meeting had a red head
and a long pointed tail. Mr. Armitt also informed me that they
282 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF N. S. W.
had built a nest near his camp, so he had frequent opportunities of
watching the birds, and they were the only pair of the kind he had
up to that time met with.
I am fully convinced that the female of Foephila mirabilis has
been described by Mr. Gould as P. Gouldice. The fact of the birds
with black heads and more highly colored breasts being found
breeding with similar but less brightly tinted females does not
prove that they are a distinct species, but is easily accounted for
if we remember that many birds are found breeding before they
attain the fully adult plumage; and I have no doubt further inves-
tigation into this matter will prove that the young males retain
the plumage of the adult female for a considerable period before
obtaining the red heads which characterise the fully adult males.
It is much to be regretted that the name bestowed on this beautiful
finch by Mr. Gould, in honour of his talented and departed wife,
must sink into a synonym. The name of I'o'epliila mirabilis, that
previously employed, and originally given to these birds hy Messrs.
Hombron and Jacquinot must be resumed, and Poephila Gouldice
must in future be recognised us the female of P. mirabilis of
Hombron and Jacquinot.
Plate %.
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THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LTNNEAN SOCIETY OF N.S.W. 283
MONDAY, 30th OCTOBER, 1876.
William Macleay, Esq , F.L.S., President, in the Chair.
Mr. Brazier exhibited a number of eggs of a Porphyrio, from the
Loyalty Islands, which he had had in confinement for some years.
The bird had been in the habit of laying these eggs at short
intervals for some time. They were remarkable for their variety
of marking.
The following papers were read : —
Continuation of the Mollusca of the Chevert Expedition, with
new species — by John Brazter, C.M.Z.S., Cor. Mem. Roy.
Soc. Tas.
Family Eulimid^e.
i — eulima grandis.
Eulima granclis, A. Adams, Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 2,
p. 797, pi. 169, fig. 24.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, white sand
bottom. Cape Grenville, North East Australia, 20 fathoms,
sandy mud.
2.- Eulima Martini.
Eulima Martini, A. Ad., Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2,
p. 795, pi. 169, fig. 5.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms.
3. — Eulima cuspidata.
Eulima cuspidata, A. Ad., Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2,
p. 797, pi. 169, fig. 33.
Hob. Barnard Islands, No. 3., North East Australia; found
under coral.
4. — Eulima vitrea.
Eulima vitrea, A. Ad., Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 799,
pi. 169, fig. 35.
Hab. Palm Island, North East Australia, 10 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sandy
bottom.
/$
284 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
5. EULIMA ACUTA.
Ewlim-i acuta, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1834, p. 8.
Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 797, pi. 169,
tig. 29, 30.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North Eist Australia, 15 fathoms,
sandy mud bottom. Warrior Reef, West side Torres Straits,
8 fathoms, mud. Darnley Island, 30 fathoms, white sand.
6. EULIMA MODICELLA.
Eulima modicella, A. Ad., Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2,
p. 798, pi. 169, fig. 27, 28.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 to 30 fathoms.
7 — Eulima sp. 1
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 10 fathoms, mud bottom. This
species comes near to E. modicella. Specimens dead and sea
worn.
8. — Eulima brevis.
Eulima brevis, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1834, p. 7.
Thes. Conch., vol. 2, pi. 169, fig. 32.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom.
9. — Eulima lactea.
Eulima lactea, A. Adams, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2,
p. 799, pi. 169, fig. 2.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
10. — Eulima polygyra.
Eulima polygyra, A. Adams, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2,
p. 799, pi. 169, fig. 36.
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, sandy mud bottom, 8 fathoms.
11. — Eulima acicula.
Stylifer acicula, Gould, Exped. Shells.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, found on
the back of a species of Asterias.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 285
12. EULIMA TORTUOSA.
Enlima tortuosa, Adams and fleeve, Zool. Voy. Saraarang
Moll., p. 53, pi. 11, fig. 26.
Sab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sand
bottom.
13. EULIMA NITENS. N. SP.
Shell acuminated, pyramidal, slightly distorted at the upper
part, whorls 12-14, nearly flat, suture with a rather broad margin,
varix on the right side, opaque white, last whorl large and some-
what ventricose, roundly convex, aperture ovate, the inner or
columella margin thickened, outer thin, simple. Length, 3|
lines ; breadth, 1 -| line.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sand
bottom.
14. EULIMA AMABILIS. N. SP.
Shell subulately pyramidal, opaque white, polished, solid, sc me-
what straight, whorls 10, convex, slight varix on the first and
second whorl right side, suture distinct, spire straight, aperture
oblong ovate, columella thickened, produced below, outer lip very
much thickened in the centre, thin at the edge. Length, ih
lines; breadth, If line.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sand
bottom.
15. — Leiostraca bivittata.
Eulima bilineata, Adams and Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang,
Moll, p. 52, pi. 11, fig. 24.
Leiostraca bivittata, H. and A. Adams, Genera of Recent
Mollusca, vol. 1, p. 238.
Leiostraca bivittata, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 804,
pi. 170, fig. 18, 19.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sand.
Specimen dead, 1\ lines long.
Family Styliferid^e.
16. — Stilifer Astericola 1
Stilifer Astericola, Broderip, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1832,
p. 60.
286 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Sti-aits, 20 fathoms. Specimens
in a bad state of preservation.
Family Architectonicid^:.
17. — Architectonica purpurata.
Solatium purpura turn, Hindu, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1844,
p. 25.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 232,
pi. I , fig. 7, 8.
,, „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 1, sp. 5.
Hab. Katow, New Guinea ; found on sandy mud flats at low
water.
18. — Torinia STRAMINEA.
Trochus stramineus, Chemnitz, 5 t., 172, fig. 1699.
Solarium straviinenm, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., Tome 7, p. 4.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 242,
pi. 5, fig. 95.
„ „ (Torinia) Chenu., Manuel de Conch.,
p. 232, fig. 1353.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sand bottom.
19. — Torinia porsuosua.
Solarium dorsuomm, Hinds, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844, p. 23.
Sow., Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 228, pi. 5,
fig. 73, 74.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 25 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom.
20. — Torinia oelata.
Solarium ccelatum, Hinds, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1844,
p. 25.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 240,
pi. 5, fig. 75, 76.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North East Australia, 20 fathoms, mud.
Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sand bottom.
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 287
21. TORINIA FENESTRATA.
Solarium fenestratum, Hinds, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1844,
p. 25.
>, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 241,
pi. 5, fig. 79, 80.
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 8 fathoms, sandy mud bottom.
Sub-Order Toxifera.
Family Conid^e.
22. — Conus marmoreus.
Conus marmoreus, Linnseus. Gmel., p. 3374, No. 1.
,, ,, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert, tome 7, p, 442.
,, ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch . Vol. 3, p. 2, Conus,
pi. 1, fig. 5.
Hab. Palm Island. North-east Australia ; Darnley Island,
Torres Straits, found on the reefs.
23. — Coronaxis nanus.
Conus nanus, Broderip, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1833, p. 53.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., 1843, pi. 27, sp. 150.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 11, Conus, pi. 6,
fig. 114, 115,116.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on the reefs under
coral.
24. — Coronaxis musicus.
Conus musicus, Brug. Diet., No. 25.
„ ,, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 456.
„ „ Peeve, Conch. Icon., 1843, pi. 20, sp. 113.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 1 1, pi. 6, fig. 148.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on the reefs under
coral.
25. — Lithoconus suturatus.
Conus suturatus, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843, p. 178.
,, „ ,, Conch. Icon. 1844, pi. 45, sp. 250,
Suppl. pi. 3, fig. 250 b.
288 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Gonus saturatus, Sowerby, Ties. Conch., vol. 3, p. 25, Conus,
pi. 12, fig. 256.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North- East Australia, 20 fathoms, sandy
mud.
26. LlTHOCONUS FLAVIDUS.
Conus flavidus, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 468.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 38, sp. 207.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 23, Conus,
pi. 8, fig. 168.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reefs under
coral ; Hall Sound, New Guinea, one sea-worn specimen found.
The specimen figured by Reeve comes from the Central Pacific.
The one figured by Sowerby comes from the Philippine Islands.
The specimens found in Torres Straits are of a fine yellowish brown,
transversely faintly striated with fine dark brown thread-like lines
very much like Conus figulinus ; interior of the aperture dark
violet above and below centre, with a white narrow band.
27
-LlTHOCONUS EMACIATUS.
Conus emaciatus, Reeve, Conch. Icon. 1849, supp., pi. 5, sp. 248.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 23, Conus,
pi. 10, fig. 214, pi. 12, fig. 258.
Rob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reefs under
stones.
28. LlTHOCONUS Peasei.
Conus neglectus, Pease, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1860, p. 398.
?J „ American Journal of Conchology, 1869,
vol. 5, p. 87.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reefs under
coral. This species differs from Conus flavidus, Lam., by being flat
spired ; aperture narrow, contracted in the centre like C. emaciatus
(Reeve) ; edge of the lip bright orange, interior with large deep
purple spots; epidermis thicker and rougher than specimens of
C. flavidus. Mr. A. Adams described in the Proc. Zool. Soc,
London, 1853, another species under the same name; I have
therefore changed the specific name as above.
of new south wales. 289
29. — Leptoconus pr.ecellens.
Conus prcecellens, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. 8oc, 1853, p. 119.
,, ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 12, Conus,
pi. 16, fig. 371.
Sab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 25 fathoms, sandy bottom.
30. — Leptoconus aculeiformis.
Connus aculciformis, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 44, sp. 240.
,, ,, ,, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1843,
p. 176.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 12, Conus,
pi. 16, fig. 370.
Sab. Cape Grenville, North Australia, 15 fathoms, mud bottom ;
Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 25-30 fathoms, sandy mud.
31. — Rhizoconus capitaneus.
Conus capita ue us, Linnaaus Syst. Nat., p. 3376, No. 6.
,, ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 27, Conus,
pi. 8, fig. 175.
Sab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reefs ; Hall
Sound, New Guinea.
32. — Chelyoonus Deshayesi.
Conus Deshayesi, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843, p. 168.
,, ,, ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 5, sp. 28, a,b.
„ ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 40, Conus,
pi. 22, fig. 546.
Sab. Palm Island, North-East Australia ; found on mud flats
inside the reefs.
33. — Chelyconus spectrum.
Conus spectrum, Linn. Gmel. p. 3395.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi, 15, sp. 80 a. •
,, ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, pi. Conus, fig. 458.
Ilab. Palm Island, North-East Australia ; found on sand fiats.
\
290 the proceedings of the linnean society
34. — Chelyconus striatus.
Conus striatus, Linn. Gm'el., p. 3393, No. 58.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pL 32, sp. 179 a,b.
„ ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 39, Conns,
pi. 23, fig. 557.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reefs.
35. — Chelyconus cinctus.
Conus cinctus, Swainson, Zool. III. 2nd. ser. pi. 110.
,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 23, fig. 53, b.
„ Sowerby, Thes. Conoh., vol. 3, p. 36, Conus, pi. 10,
fig. 231.
Hab. Brooke Island, North-East Australia ; one specimen on
beach.
36. — Chelyconus magus.
Conus magus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, p. 1171, No. 317.
,, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 509.
„ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 38, Conus, pi.,
fig. 510, 511, 512.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on the reefs under
coral.
37. — Chelyconus consul.
Conus consul, Boivini Journal de Conch. 1864, vol. 12, 3rd series,
p. 33, pi. 1, fig. 5, 6.
Conus magus, Reeve, not Linn. Conch. Icon., pi. 35, sp. 190 e.
„ consul, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 330, Conus, pi. 21,
fig. 509.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, on the reefs under coral.
38. — Chelyconus circle.
Conus circa, Chemn. Conch. 11, t. 183, f. 1778, 1779.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 39, Conus, pi. 21,
fig. 513.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
291
39. — Cylinder textile.
Conus textile, Linn. Gmel., p. 3393, No. 59.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 3, p. 41, Conus, pi. 23,
fig. 567.
Hab. Low Islands, Trinity Bay, North-East Australia ; Darnley
Island, Torres Straits.
40. — Cylinder omaria.
Conus omaria, Brug., Diet., No. 137.
,, „ Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 518.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 32, sp. 177c.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 44, Conus,
pi. 24, fig. 594, 595.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, on the reefs under coral.
41. — Hermes terebellum.
Conus terebellum, Martini, Conch., vol. 2, pi. 52, fig. 577.
„ terebra, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 508.
terebellum, Gmel., p. 3390, No. 44.
„ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 7, sp. 38.
ccelebs. Hinds, Ann. and Mag. Nat. History, 1843, p.
,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 13, fig. 64.
terebellum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 46, Conus,
pi. 23, fig. 559.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; on the reefs, under
coral.
42. — Hermes nussatellata.
Conus nussatellata, Linn. Gmel., p. 3390, No. 43.
Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 515.
Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 11, sp. 56.
Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 45,
Conus, pi. 23, fig. 553.
„ terebra, Chemn. Conch., 10, t. 143, fig. 1329.
Hab. Brooke Island, North-East Australia.
43. — Hermes tenuistriatus.
Conus tenuistriatus, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 46, sp.
396, pi. 22, fig. 532.
>>
T>
>>
;>
)>
Jf
292 THE PROCEEDINGS OK THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-East Australia, under
coral. The strise of this species are much finer than in Conns
glans, Brug., and scarcely granulated, spire smooth.
Sub-Order Rostrifera.
Family StrombidjE.
Sub-Family Strombin.e.
44. — Strombus (Monodactylus) Lamarcki.
Strombus Lamarcki, Gray. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1,
p. 35, pi. 9, fig. 98, 99, 88, 93.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on sandy mud
flats at half-tide.
45. — Gallinula canarium.
Strombus canarium, Linn. Gmel., p. 3517, No. 24.
,, ,, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 206.
,, ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 33, pi. 8,
fig. 69, 70.
Hab. Katow and Hall Sound, New Guinea.
46. — Gallinula variablis.
Strombus variablis, Swainson. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1,
p. 27, pi. 6, fig. 13, 14.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
47. — Gallinula columba.
Strombus columba, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 208.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 27, pi. 6,
fig. 2, 3, 6, 7.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 25 fathoms ; white sandy
mud bottom.
48. — Gallinula Campbelli.
Strombus Campbelli, Gray, Griffiths, Cuvier, Anim. Kingdom
Moll,, pi. 25.
,, Campbelli, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 26,
pi. 6, fig. 22, 23.
fi „ Chenu. Manuel de Conch., p. 257, fig.
1600.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
293
Hab. Cape Grenville, North- East Australia, 15 fathoms ; soft
mud bottom. Long Island, Torres Straits.
49. — Gallinula yittatus.
Strombus vittatus, Linn. Gmel., p. 3517, No. 25.
Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 207.
Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 26, pi. 6,
5)
fig. 29, 30.
1601.
Chenu. Manuel de Conch., p. 257, fig. 1597,
Q
Rab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 25 fathoms, with
allinula Carnpbelli.
50. — Canerium luhuanus.
Strombus luhuanus, Linn. Gmel., p. 3513, No. 16.
,, „ Lam. Anim. Sans "Vert., tome 7, p. 206.
„ ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 29,
pi. 7, fig. 54.
Bab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, on mud fiats inside the
reefs.
51. — Canarium dentatus.
Strombus dentatus, Linn. Gmel., p. 3519, No. 31.
,, plicatus, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 210.
fig. 56.
Hab. Palm Island and Home Islands off Cape Grenville, North-
East Australia ; found on the reefs. Darnley Island, Torres
Straits; found on mud flats inside the reefs, and at 15, 20, 30
fathoms, sandy mud bottom.
52. — Canarium elegans.
Strombus elegans, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 3, pi. 6,
fig. 43, 48.
>> „ Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 17, sp. 41, a. b.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15, 20, 30 fathoms,
sandy mud bottom.
Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 30, pi. 7,
294 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
53. PTEROCERA BRYONIA.
Strombus radix-bryonia, Cliem. Conch., Cab. 10, p. 227, pi. 159,
fig. 1512-15.
,, bryonia, Gmel. in Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. 13, p. 3520.
Pterocera truncata, Lam. Anitu. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 195.
Strombus trimcatus, Dillwyn, Cat. 2, p. 659.
Pteroceras iruncatum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 41,
pi. 11, fig. 13.
Heptadactylus radix-bryonia, Adams, Genera. Rec. Moll., vol.
1, p. 261.
Pterocera bryonia, Reeve, Couch. Icon., sp. 1.
Ilab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on the reefs. This
is the largest species of the genus ; specimens found are over a
foot in length.
54. — Pterocera lambis.
Strombus lambis, Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 1208.
Pterocera lambis, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 196.
Pteroceras lambis, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 41, fig.
5, 6, 7.
eptadactylus lambis, Adams, Genera. Rec. Moll., vol. 1, p. 261.
Harpago lambis, Adams, Genera. Rec. Moll., vol. 3, Atlas,
pi. 27, fig. 2.
Pterocera lambis, Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 8.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on the reefs.
55. — Terebellum subulatum.
Terebellum subulatum, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 410.
Bulla terebellum, Burrow, Elem. Conch., 1825, pi. 14, fig. 8.
Terebellum subulatum, Sowerby, Sp. Conch., vol. 1, part 2,
pi. 1, fig. 1 to 7.
Terebellum punctatum, Chem. Conch., 10, t. 146, fig. 1362, 1363.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20 fathoms,
sandy mud bottom. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 5, 10, 20, 30
fathoms, sand and sandy mud bottom, all varieties found.
of new south wales. 295
Family Cypr^idjr.
56. CyPR.EA ISABELLA.
Cyprcea Isabella, Linn. Gmel., p. 3409, No. 49.
„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 12, sp. 51.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, p. 6, pi. 4,
fig. 16, 17, 18.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on the reefs.
57. — Cyprcea fimbriata.
Cyprcea frimbriata, Gmelin Syst. Nat.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, p. 29, pi.
32, fig. 389.
Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on the l'eefs, under
coral.
58. — CYPRyEA quadrimaoulata.
Cyprcea quaclrimaculata, Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. 1, p. 377.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, p. 8,
pi. 27, fig. 277.
Hob. Home Islands, North-East Australia ; found on the reefs,
under coral. Albany Island, Cape York, North Australia,
under stones at low water, received from Mr. C. E. Beddome.
Sue Island, Torres Straits, in crevices of coral, under water.
Darnley Island, two specimens found in crevices of coral three
feet under water at ebb. One specimen dredged at 13 fathoms,
sandy mud bottom.
59. — Cyprjea cylindrica.
Cyprcea cylindrica, Born, Mus., p. 184, pi. 8, fig. 10.
,, ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, p. 9, pi. 27,
fig. 268.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on the reefs.
60. — Cyprcea asellus.
Cyprcea asellus, Linn. Gmel. p. 3411, No. b&.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 18, sp. 98.
,, ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Cyprse, pi. 24,
fig. 206, 207.
Rob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on the reefs.
29G THE PROCEEDINGS! OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Gl. — Cyprcea Arabica.
Gyprcea Arabica, Linn. Gmel., p. 3398, No. 3.
,, „ Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 1, sp. 2.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 4, p. 15, pi. 10,
fig. 59, 61.
Hah. Home and Low Islands, North-East Australia ; Darnley
Island, Torres Straits.
62. — Cyprcea annulus.
Gyprcea annulus, Linn. Gmel. p. 3415, No. 82.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 15, sp. 71.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, p. 18, pi. 26,
fig. 252, 253.
Hob. Cape York, North Australia ; Darnley Island, Torres
Straits.
63. — Cyprcea TIGRIS.
Gyprcea tigris, Linn. Gmel. p. 3408, No. 44.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 4, sp. 12 b, e.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, p. 20, pi. 21, fig.
172, 173, 174.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on the reefs.
64. — Cyprcea vitellus.
Cyprcea vitellus, Linn. Gmel., p. 3407, No. 42.
„ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 5, sp. 14.
,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, p. 13, pi. 6,
fig. 31, 32, 33.
Sab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on the reefs.
65. — Cypr.ea lynx.
Cyprcea lynx, Linn. Gmel., p. 3409, No. 48.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 9, sp. 33.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, p. 21, pi. 15, fig.
86*, 87*.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Stiaits, found on the reefs ; Cape
Grenville, North-East Australia.
of new south wales. 297
66. — Cypr.ea miliaris.
Cyprcea miliaris, Gin el., p. 3420, No. 106.
„ „ Reeve, Conch, Icon., pi. 10, sp. 36.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, p. 36, pi. 17,
fig. 109.
Nab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sand
bottom.
67. — Cypr.ea Walkeri.
Cyprcea Walkeri, Gray, Sowerby, Conch. Illust. Cat. Cypieeadae,
No. 70, fig. 22*.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 12, sp. 50 a,b.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, p. 25, pi. 18,
fig. 123, 124, 125.
Hob. Palm Island, North-East Australia, sandy mud, 11
fathoms ; Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 8 fathoms, white
sand ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, white sand.
68. — Cypr.*:a errones.
Cyprcea errones, Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 723.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 13, sp. 56.
,, ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 21, pi. 20,
fig. 156, 158.
Cyprcea ovum, Gmel., subflcwa, Gmel., olivacea, Lam.
Sab. Darnley Island, Ton-es Straits, on the reefs under coral.
62. — Cyprcea Sophle.
Cyprcea Sophia, Brazier, Proa, Linn. Soc, N. S. W., 1875,
vol. 1, part 1, p. 7.
Hob. Hall Sound, New Guinea. One dead specimen found on
the beach.
70. — Cypr.ea erosa.
Cyprcea erosa, Linn. Gmel., p. 3415, No. 84.
„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 11, sp. 43.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 37, pi. 18, fig.
Ill, 112, 113, 114, 115.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, on the reefs.
■
298 the proceedings of the linnean society
71. — Cypr.ea caurica.
Cyprcea caurica, Linn. Gmel., p. 3415, No. 83.
„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 11, sp. 46.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, p. 8, pi. 23,
fig. 188, 189, 191.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, on the reefs.
72. — Trivia scabriuscula.
Cyprcea scabriuscula, (Trivia), Gray, Sowerby, Conch., Illus.
fig. 38.
„ „ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch , vol. 4,
p. 46, pi. 35, 472, 473, pi. 37, fig. 525.
Hab. Home Islands, off" Cape Grenville, North-East Australia,
on the reefs under coi*al ; Albany Island, Cape Yoi'k, North Aus-
tralia, under stones.
73. — Trivia oryza.
Cyprcea oryza, Lara. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 403.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 24, sp. 140.
„ „ (Trivia), Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, pi. 35,
fig. 474, 475, 476.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20 fathoms, sand
bottom.
74. — Trivia grando.
Cyprcea grando, Gaskoin, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1848, p. 96.
„ {Trivia), Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, pi. 35,
»
fig. 470, 471.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 25 fathoms, sandy mud.
75. — Trivia vitrea.
Cyprcea vitrea, Gaskoin, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1848, p. 95.
„ ,, (Trivia), Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, pi. 35,
fig. 456, 457.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 25 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom.
of new south wales. 299
76. — Trivia sulcata.
Cyprcea sulcata, Gaskoin, Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1848, p. 95.
,, ,, (Trivia), Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, pi. 35,
fig. 454, 455.
Hab. Bet Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms, coral and sand
bottom.
77. — Trivia pellucidula.
Cyprcea pellucidula, Gaskoin, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1846,
p. 23.
„ ,, (Trivia), Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4,
pi. 36, fig. 497-98-99.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Sti'aits, 25 fathoms, sandy mud.
78. — Trivia producta.
Cyprcea producta, Gaskoin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1835, p. 200.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 24, sp. 137 a,b.
„ ,, (Trivia), Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, pi. 36,
fig. 495, 496.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, hard white
sand bottom.
79. — Trivia globosa.
Cyprcea globosa (Trivia), Gray, Sowerby, Conch., 111. fig. 34.
„ ,, Peeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 26, sp. 152.
„ „ (Trivia), Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, pi. 35,
fig. 446, 447.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom.
80. PUSTULARIA LIMACINA.
( )iprcea limacina, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 400.
interstincta, Wood, Index, Test. Suppl., p. 9, pi. 3, fig. 9.
limacina, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 16, fig. 82a.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, pi. 25, fig.
223, 224.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found in coral at low
water.
300 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
81. — PUSTULARIA STAPHYL^A.
Cypraa staphylcea, Linn. Gmel. 3419, No. 97.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 16, fig. 82b.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, pi. 25, fig.
228, 229.
Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found in coral at low
water ; light coloured variety at 20 fathoms, sandy mud bottom ;
also off Shark Point, Port Jackson, 7 fathoms, mud bottom.
Family Amphiperasid^e.
82. — Amphiperas Ovum.
Bulla ovum, Linn. Gmel. p. 3422, No. 1.
Ovula oviformis, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 6, p. 3GG.
Ovulum ovum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 4G7, pi. 99,
fig- 1, 2.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; deep water near the edge
of the Reefs.
83. — Amphiperas angulosa.
Ovula angulosa, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 367.
„ costellata, Lam. Ann. du Mus., vol. 16, p. 110, No. 2.
Ovulum angulosum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 467, pi. 99,
fig. 4, 5.
Nab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found in deep water at
the edge of the reefs.
84. — Amphiperas striatula.
Ovulum striatulum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 472, pi. 101,
fig. 85.
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 8 fathoms, sandy mud bottom.
85. — Amphiperas punctata.
Ovulum punctatum, Duclos., Mag. Zool., 1828.
Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 471, pi. 101 ,
fig. 91.
Hah. Bet Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms, white sand bottom ;
Port Stephens, New South Wales (Brazier.)
of new south wales. 801
86. — Amphiperas brevis.
Ovulum breve, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 469, pi. 101,
fig. 70, 71.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 25, 30 fathoms, sanely
bottom ; Port Stephens, New South Wales (Brazier.)
87. VOLVA VOLVA.
Bulla volva, Linn. Gmel., p. 3422, No. 2.
Ovula volva, Lam. Anim., Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 370.
Ovulum. volva, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 482, pi. 99,
fig. 6, 7, 8.
fiirostra volva, Chenu, Manuel de Conch., part 1, p. 273, fig. 1794.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom ; Port Stephens, New South Wales, living specimens
washed on shore after gales (Brazier).
Notes on the Entomology of New Ireland. By William
Macleay, F.L.S.
The annually increasing intercourse between Australia and the
Papuan and Polynesian regions has enabled us of late years to
make ourselves well acquainted with their zoological and botanical
productions. Englishmen have now succeeded in establishing
themselves as missionaries or traders in one or more of the islands
of almost every group from New Guinea on the West to the
Society Islands on the East. Our present predominating influence
in these seas should not, however, make us forget how much has
been done in the cause of science by other countries and in other
times. Until thirty years ago it was chiefly to France that the
world was indebted for what was then known of the geography
and natural history of the countries of the Pacific Ocean,
302 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
From the re-establishment of Constitutional Monarchy in
1816 to its fall in 1848, France was distinguished amongst
nations for the many scientific expeditions sent out by the
Government, and the magnificent publications in which the re-
sults of these voyages and travels were recorded.
Among those voyages which have been most productive of
results, as far as the Australasian region is concerned, may be
cited that of the corvette tJranie, under the command of M. L. de
Freycinet, in the years 1817, 1818, 1819, and 1820; that of the
corvette Coquille, commanded by M. Duperry in 1822, 1823,
1824, and 1825 ; that of the Astrolabe, commanded by M.
Dumont D'Urville, in 1826, 1827, 1828, and 1829 ; and that of
the corvettes L' Astrolabe and La Zelee, under the command of
M. J. Dumont D'Urville, and M. Jacquinot, in the years 1837,
1838, 1839, and 1840.
The zoological collections made during these voyages were
veiy considerable, and the results were worked out by the French
naturalists of the day, and published with large Atlases of Plates,
at the cost of the Government. I refer now to these voyages
because I have lately become possessed of a collection of insects
from an island which was visited by one of the abovenamed ships
— the Coquille — in 1823, and which may be said not to have
been visited since, as far as any observation of its natural history
was concerned, until the latter part of last year and the first few
months of the present. Mr. Cockerell, an ardent and expe-
rienced collector of natural objects, was permitted last year to
accompany a Wesleyan mission to New Ireland, and he has now
returned to Sydney, after several months residence on that island,
with a valuable collection of animal's of all orders. The mammals,
birds, reptiles, and fish of Mr. Cockerell's collection have been
secured for the Australian Museum by Mr. Ramsay, who, I doubt
not, will give us some account of them. The insects were pur-
chased by me, and the following notes are intended to give a
general idea of the Entomological Fauna of the island.
As might be expected from its geographical position, the
insects of New Ireland belong almost entirely to families and
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 303
forms to be found either in Papua or Polynesia, but with I think
a somewhat stronger affinity to the Fauna of the Polynesian sub-
region.
The Coleoptera seem, as in all of these islands, to be few in
point of species, though frequently of great size and beauty. The
Cicendelidse are represented by three species : a Cicindela, species
doubtful, Therates labiatus, and Tricondyla aptera. There is
only one species of the family of Oarabidae, so numerous in other
parts of the globe. It resembles a Lesticus. A species of Pas-
sandra, four species of Passalus, and two of the Lucanidye,
seem to resemble those of the Solomon Islands, but I have not yet
examined them closely. The Lamellicornes consist of six species.
Of these four belong to the Dynastidae, and are of large size — one
very similar to the Australian Scapanes solidarius. The other two
species are a SUpkodes, ;tnd a large Melolontha. There are two
handsome species of Buprestidse, both of the Chrysodema group.
The Elateridaj are represented by two species of Alaus. The
(Jleridse by a CyUdris and an Omadius. There are two species of
the Bostrychidce — small wood-borers of the genus Ajiate.
The Heteromera number only six species. A large Nycto-
bates, an Asida, three species of Amarygmus, and a peculiar form
of Cistela.
There are in all fourteen species of the Curcidionkhc, three of
the Rhinoscapha or Bupholus group, two of Pachyrhynchus, one
Orlhorhinus, one Lixus, one near Traues, three Cryptorhynchidce,
one Zygops, one Rhyncophorus, and one iSipalus. There are six
species of the Brenthidce, all apparently common forms, and one
of the Anthribidoe, a distinctly Polynesian form. As in all these
countries, however, the Longicornia take the first place as regards
size, beauty, and number. Among them there is a Batocera, to
which even the huge B. Wallacei, of New Guinea, must yield the
palm. One specimen is more than three inches and a half long,
and its antenna? are fully three times that length. In all there
are four species of Batocera, thirteen species of other Lamiida', for
the most part large and showy insects, one Parandra, two
Prionidce, one of large size, and a few small Cerambycidcc, of
304 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
genera with which I am unacquainted. Three or four species of
very ordinary looking Phytophaga complete the Coleoptera.
The collection of Lepidoptera is limited almost entirely to
the diurnal species, but these are remarkable even in comparison
with the butterflies of New Guinea for their beauty and variety.
There are many fine specimens of a green Omithoptera of
great size. The females measure nine inches from tip to tip of
the wings, and have a paler and more diaphanous colouration than
the females of 0. Priamus. There are also several fine specimens
of Omithoptera Urrilliana Guer, a blue species brought from
Port Praslin by the Coquille, fifty-five years ago. A very good
figure of this insect is given in the Atlas of Plates, published with
the " Natural History of the Voyage of the Coquille."
Besides these there are eight species of Papilio, P. Polydorus,
or a variety of it, P. Ormenus, a species somewhat resembling P.
Ambrax, a variety of 7'. Ulysses, probably the Penelope of Wal-
lace ; P. Sarpedon ; two species of the P. Agamemnon group, one
of them, I believe, to be P. Wallacei, the other is probably new ;
and a very fine species resembling P. codrus.
The Pieridaj are poor, and very ordinary looking. One
species of Tacliyris, two of Terias, and one Gallidryas, complete
the list of them. Among the Nymphalida; are Cethosia obscura,
Guerin — one of the Coquille insects of 1823, and figured in the
Atlas to that voyage, Junonia Vellida, Precis Zelima, Rhino-
palpa Sabina, Cram., (figured and described in the voyage of the
Coquille, under the name of Vanessa Amelia), Messaras Lampetia,
Cynthia Arsinai. a species of Neptis, Apaturina Erminia, Cram.,
a species of Adolias, one of Gyrestis, Diadema Misippus, Diadema
Alimena, and a magnificent cream-coloured butterfly, which I
imagine must be also a species of Diadema.
The Morphines are represented by numerous specimens of
Drusilla Gatops. Of the Satyrince there are six species, Melanitis
amabilis, Boid ; three species of Mycalesis, all unknown to me ;
and two species of Ypthima, or an allied genus.
The Danaidce, as is usual in these latitudes, are well repre-
sented. There are six species of Euplcea, two of Banais, and one
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 305
of Hamadayas, all differing more or less from species known to
me, but all having very much the general aspect of the Polynesian
Fauna. One circumstance connected with this group is worth
noticing. There are no specimens in the collection of Danais
Erippus, Cram., an American species which a few years ago
succeeded in crossing the Pacific Ocean, and establishsng itself in
Australia. The absence of this insect from the New Ireland
collection helps to indicate the route by which it passed the ocean.
Two years before the first appearance of the butterfly on the east
coast of Australia, I received numerous specimens from the New
Hebrides and islands to the south of that latitude, so that there
is reason to assume that the general course of the migration which
seems to have occupied several years, was, as regards the western
portion of the Pacific, far south of the equator.
The Lycaenidse number thirteen species, all, I believe, of the
genus Cupido; among them the Cwpido Cleo as, Guer., figured
and described in the voyage of the Coquille. There are seven
species of the Hesperida?, all of well known genera.
In all there are sixty-three species of butterflies.
Among the day-flying moths there are some gems.
There are two species of Nyctalemon, one probably the A.
Achillaria of New Georgia, the other quite new to me; one
new and beautiful species of Agarista ; Cleis podicalis, Guer., and
another species of the same genus. Of Hypsa and Nyctemera
there are several handsome species, as also of Eumelia, Micronia,
Erebus, and Trigonotus.
The Hemiptera are neither numerous nor remarkable. A
Scutellaria, a few species of Seduvius, and a few other common
forms constitute the whole collection of this order.
The Orthoptera seem to be of great size, and tolerably
numerous. A large Eurycantha is the most formidable looking ;
the others are mostly insects of universal occurrence.
The Homoptera consist only of two speciesof Cicada and a
small tree-hopper.
The Hymenoptera of a Poftipilus a Bembex, an Odynerus, and
two Ichneumonida, one of them of a novel and very curious form.
506 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
The Neuroptera are represented by two species of Libellula.
Of Diptera there are only a few species, but the paucity of
number is compensated for by the extraoi-dinary appearance of
one species. The head is transverse, quite twice as broad as the
body, and pointed at each end, having much the shape of the
" eeliman" of the Australian aboriginal. The eyes occupy the
pointed ends of this wonderfully-shaped head. This insect in no
way resembles, and must not be confounded with the well
known geuus Diopsis, which has its eyes on a long peduncle.
It belongs to the genus Zygoilirka, of Wiedemann, a genus
of which very little seems to be known except that the curiously
shaped head is an ornament of the males only, the head of the
female being rounded.
This brief summary of the Entomological productions of New
Ireland will give the naturalist a general idea of the character
of its fauna. Mr. Cockerell made the collection which I
have now summarised in the period of a few months, and from a
very small portion of the island. What may we not expect from
a thorough and complete search of that and the adjacent island
of New Britain'? New Ireland extends for nearly 150 miles from
north to south ; and New Britain, 350 miles from east to west,
and both of these islands, with the small exceptions of the collec-
tions made at Port Praslin by the Cocpiille in 1823, and Mr.
Cockerell in 1875-187G, present an untouched and certainly a
very promising and rich field for the naturalist and collector.
Notes on Laevicardium Beechei — by John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.,
Cor. Mem. Boy. Soc, Tas.
L^evicardium Beechei.
Cardium Beechei, Adams and Reeve. Zool. Moll. Voyage of
H.M.S. Saniarang, 1850, p. 78, pi. 22, fig. 12.
Hah. Sooloo Sea, between the island of Borneo and Mindanoa,
10 fathoms ; also, Yellow Sea at one of the islands of the Corean
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 307
Archipelago (Adams and Reeve). Percy Island, North-east Coast
of Australia (Mr. F. Strange). Cape Grenville, north-east
Australia, 25 fathoms, sandy mud bottom, one valve found
(Brazier). Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 30 fathoms, sandy
bottom, one valve found (Brazier). Bulari Passage, New Cale-
donia, fine living specimen found in the stomach of a Schnapper,
Pagrus unicolor— by Monsieur Fabre, the pilot stationed there.
This interesting Cardium is, without exception, the most
striking and distinct from any hitherto known that can well be
imagined. In colour it is of a fine rose tint, with the following
singular and peculiar soft velvety appearance, the effect of its
being minutely decussated with concentric and radiating stria?,
and covered with an exquisitely thin, shining, horny epidermis, dis-
posed in fine concentric cords, abruptly terminating at the
posterior area. The posterior portion, accordingly destitute of
epidermis, is very thickly rayed with ribs of short compressed
spines, as if the delicately-clad surface of the shell had been thus
far ploughed up as it were into furrows ; a little of the epidermis
is removed by the action of being in the stomach of the
Schnapper. The specimen I show to-night was sent to me for my
inspection and nomenclature by my kinsman, Mr. P. C. Rossiter,
who has the finest collection of New Caledonian shells.
There were two fine living specimens'in the Australian Museum
some years ago, dredged by the late Mr. F. Strange, at Percy
Island ; one specimen was purloined by a gentleman who at
one time held an appointment in that institution.
Description of a New Species of Halmatitrus, from New Ireland —
by E. Pierson Ramsay, Curator of the Australian Museum,
Sydney.
Halmaturus Brownii. New Species.
The whule of the upper surface, the chin and a stripe on either
side from the angle of the mouth to the cheek, the outer portion
308 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
of the legs and arms, upper part of the tail at the base, of a rich,
deep, dark, glossy bi-own. A whitish line extends from the snout
along the margin of the upper lip, and widening out on the cheek,
reaches to underneath the eye. The throat and whole of the
under surface whitish, sligh tly tinged on the sides, and round the
Hanks and vent with yellowish, hair on the inside and margin of
pouch, rufous yellow. The fur is fine, long, and silky, more so
in the young animals than in the adult ; that at the base of the
ears long, on the occiput just behind the ears is a curled patch of
hair radiating and exposing the skin in the centre. The hairs
directed forward to between the ears meet those on the head
directed backwards, and form just in front of the ears, two ridges
meeting at an angle on the base of the forehead, and there forming
a small pointed tuft ; the hair at the base and on the margin of
the ears in front and on the inside is of a light yellowish tint, or
whitish. Ears long, somewhat pointed ; fore liruWs slender ; hind
limbs stouter, with the toes and nails strong, the latter triangular,
conical and blunt. Tail cylindrical or but slightly tapering, basal
third clothed with hair, dark brown above, whitish below, the re-
maining two- thirds sparingly clothed with hairs ; the scales
numerous and conspicuous, muffle naked ; eyelash black ; under
surface of tail clothed with stiff hairs, the sides almost naked, scaly.
Total length from tip of nose to tip of tail, 3 feet.
Head, 4 inches.
Tail, 14 inches.
Forefoot, 1-3 ; longest toe, 0-8 ; its nail, (J-45.
Hind foot, 4-3 ; longest toe, l-5 ; its nail, 09.
Outer toe, 0-9 ; its nail, 0*7.
Inner conjoined toes, 0-65 ; nails, 0'35.
From tip of snout to centre of orbit, 2-1.
From tip of snout to ear, 3*4.
Total length of skull, 3- 75, greatest width about centre of zygo-
matic arch, 19.
Height at base, 1 inch ; width, 13.
Distance of space between third incisor and first premolar, 0-6.
Dental series (the last molar just cutting) 1*3.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
309
Width of palate across point of posterior palatial openings, 375 ;
anterior openings large, oblong, 0'3 x 0-1 ; distance between the
anterior and posterior openings, 1 -05.
It will be seen from the following dental formula that the pre-
molars have not yet been shed, and on examination I find the
permanent premolar pushing through to be nearly 0'3 inch;
distance between insertion of upper incisor and that of permanent
premolar, 0-75.
3—3. 2—2. 4—4.
Incisors-
Preuiol.
Mol.-
1—1 2—2 4—4
The distance between the insertion of the lower incisor and
that of the first premolar in the lower jaw is 0-4, to the end of
permanent premolar still embedded in the jaw, 07; premolar,
0-2,3.
Present range of teeth in lower jaw , 1*3 with permanent pre-
molars about 1-15 inch.
This very distinct and beautiful species, which I have named
after its discoverer, was obtained in New Ireland by the Rev.
George Brown, of the Wesleyan Mission Society, a gentleman
to whom science is greatly indebted for many valuable disco-
veries in the natural history of those islands lying eastward of
New Guinea.
The specimen here described was purchased, with other mammals,
of Mr. James Cockerell, who accompanied the Rev. Mr. Brown as
taxidermist, and to whose energy a large portion of the grand
collection made during the voyage is due.
The largest specimen (a male) obtained by Mr. Brown, who
has kindly permitted me to examine his collection, measured as
follows : —
Length from nose to root of tail, 247; tail, 16 inches; hind
leg and foot, 18 inches; foot, 5 inches ; nail, 1 inch; fore arm, 4
inches ; hand, 14 inches ; nail of longest toe, 0-6 inch.
Head, 4i inch ; to ear from snout, 4 inches ; from snout Jo,
centre of orbit, 2-6 inches. y^\-\
310 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Description of a New Species of Perameles, from New Ireland
— by E. Pierson Ramsay, Curator of the Australian
Museum, Sydney.
Perameles Cockerellii. Nov. Sp.
Head conical, pointed ; snout long, tapering ; eye small ; ears
small, rounded, almost as broad as long ; limbs short and thick
made ; hind feet broad ; nails of fore feet strong, arched, rounded ;
the outer and inner toes rudimentary, and without nails ; the
fur harsh ; spiny on the back, composed of flat, grooved
spines, black hairs intermixed with fine hair of a rusty
brown colour ; on the sides the spiny hairs are blackish, tipped
with rusty not so stiff, and mixed with rusty and grey hairs
of a finer texture ; the rusty colour more conspicuous on the
thighs and hind legs ; under surface light ashy grey or white ;
hair on the inner side of the limbs without spines ; feet clothed
with flatfish, light ashy brown or grey hairs ; the basal portion of
which is brown ; head blackish-brown, with a few fine grey hairs ;
snout bare ; sides of the face, throat, and chest light ashy brown ;
ears with a few reddish hairs on inner surface, blackish on the
outer ; tail blackish above, whitish beneath, apparently naked,
but clothed very sparingly with fine hairs.
From snout to root of tail, 10 inches ; tail, 25 inches; head,
2'7 ; fore feet, 1 inch ; nail of longest toe, 0-4.
Hind feet, 1*9 ; longest toe, 0*7; its nail, 0*4.
From snout to eye, l-7; from snout to base of ear, 2 '6 ; ear,
0-7 x 0-6.
Hob. New Ireland.
A larger specimen measured : Total length from snout to root
of tail, 12 inches ; tail, 3-2 ; hind foot, 2-3 ; fore foot, 1-3 ; from
snout to base of eai, 3 inches ; to orbit, 2'2.
This species I have named after Mr. James Cockerell, who
accompanied the Rev. George Brown during his recent missionary
voyage to the islands north-east of New Guinea, and from whom
the Museum obtained the present specimen, only ^two of which
species were obtained during the trip.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 311
MONDAY, 25th NOVEMBEK, 1876.
William Macleay, Esq., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.
The Secretary announced the receipt of the " Proceedings of the
Societe Entomologique de Belgique for September, 1876."
Mr. Brazier exhibited a new and handsome species of Murex
from Port Darwin. He announced his intention of describing it
at a future meeting of the Society.
The following Papers were read : —
Shells collected during the Chevert Expedition. By J. Brazier,
C.M.Z.S., Cor. Mem. Roy. Soc, Tas.
Family Cancellariil\e.
1. — Cancellaria macrospira.
Cancellaiia macrospira, Adams and Reeve, Moll. Voyage, Sama-
rang, p. 41, pi. 10, fig. 2.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, sandy mud bottom, 30
fathoms. Also, Coast of Borneo and China Sea (Belcher.)
2. — Cancellaria Australis.
Cancellaria Australis, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 442,
pi. 95, fig. 72-73.
Bab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, sandy mud bottom, 30
fathoms.
3. — Cancellaria (Trigonostoma) bicolor.
Cancellaria b icolor, Hinds, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843, p. 48.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 456, pi. 94,
fig. 49-50 ; pi. 95, fig. 69.
' Sab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 25 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom, specimens white ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30
fathoms, sandy mud, specimen svhite, spirally banded with narrow
brown bands.
312 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
4. — Cancellaria (Trigonostoma) LAMELLOSA.
Cancellaria lamellosa, Hinds, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843,
p. 49.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Concli., vol. 3, p. 453,
pi. 94, fig. 47 ; pi. 96, fig. 100.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15 fathoms, sand bottom.
5. — Cancellaria (Trigonostoma) obliquata.
Cancellaria obliquata, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 115.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 453, pi. 96,
fig. 83.
Hah. Palm Island, North-East Coast of Australia, 8 fathoms,
mud bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy
bottom.
Family Trichotropid^e.
6. — Trichotropis tricarinata, n. sp.
Shell somewhat conical, whity-brown, deeply umbilicated ;
strongly three-keeled at the periphery, the keel at the angle run-
ning into the suture, keels showing faint minute spicules (only
seen with the lens) ; whorls 4|, somewhat tabled, the last large
and angled above in front, spire rather more than half the whole
length, apex smooth, white ; umbilicus wide, bordered with a broad
keel, which forms the outside of a very narrow canal at the base ;
columella narrow, thin, straight ; aperture squarely ovate ; peristome
continuous, divided by a small passage between the body whorl,
slightly expanded at the base.
Length, 2| ; breadth, 2\ ; least, If line.
„ H; „ if; „ l£lme.
Hab. Bet Island, Torres Straits, 1 1 fathoms, white sandy mud
bottom ; off Katow, New Guinea, 7 miles ; bottom sand and mud,
8 fathoms. This species differs from any of the known Tricho-
tropis by its large and open umbilicus somewhat like T. unicarinata,
(Sowb.), the lip being continuous and divided from the body whorl
by a small narrow passage. Only one speciman found at Bet
Island, Torres Straits, it being 2f lines long, 2\ lines in breadth,
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 313
least If lines. Two specimens obtained off Katow, New Guinea,
much smaller, both dead and somewhat seaworn.
7. — Trichotropis gracilenta, n. sp.
Shell turrited, thin, transparent, umbilicated, smooth; whorls 5|-,
flatly spirally angled, three-keeled, one on the angle, one in the
centre, and one above the suture, studded with close set, obtuse,
nearly obsolete spines ; spire acuminated ; apex white, shiny,
smooth, rounded, umbilicus narrow, with a small keel bordering
the edge; aperture nearly rounded; columella slightly tortuous,
acuminated at the lower part.
Length, 2f ; breadth, 1J ; least, 1 line.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, white sandy
mud bottom. One specimen found (Brazier).
There are thirteen species of Trichotropis at present known,
namely T. Cedo-nulli, A. Ad.; bicarinata, Brod. and Sower by ; uni-
carinata, Brocl. and Sowerby ; quadricarinata, A. Adams — all from
Japan ; Borealis, Brod. and Sowerby, Behring's Straits, Greenland
and North Britain ; msignis, Middendorf, Behring's Straits ; can-
ceUata, flavidula, biennis, Hinds, Sitka, North West Coast of
America ; Ruzcri, Phillippi, Spitzbergen ; conica, Muller, Green-
land ; costellata, Couthouy, North America ; clathrata, A. Adams,
New Zealand, on the authority of Mr. A. Adams. The present
two new species from Australia bring the number up to fifteen.
Family Cerithiid,e.
Sub-family Cerithiin^e.
8. — Cerithium nodulosum.
Cerithium nodulosum, Brng. Diet. No. 8.
„ ,, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 67.
,, nodulasa, Cathow, Conchologists' Nomenclator, p. 227.
,, nodulosum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 854,
pi. 178, tig. 42.
Murex tuberosus, Dillwyn. Murex nodulosus, Wood.
Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on sandy mud Hats
inside the reefs.
314 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
9. — Cerithium COLUMNA.
Cerithium columna, Sowerby, Thes. Concli., vol. 2, p. 855, pi.
178, fig. 56.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found with Cerithium
nodulosum .
10. — Cerithium Nov^e Hollands.
Cerithium Novce-Hollandice, A. Adams in Sowerby's Thes. Conch.,
vol. 2, p. 864, pi. 178, fig. 54.
Hab. Cape York, Mud Bay, North Australia ; found at low
water in the crevices of large coral blocks.
11. — Cerithium balteatum.
Cerithium balteatum, Philippi, Abbild., t. 1., fig. 10.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 862, pi.
181, fig. 116-117.
Hob. Cape York, Mud Bay, North Australia ; Darnley Island,
Torres Straits — found under coral.
12. — Cerithium leminscatum.
Cerithium leminscatum, Quoy., Voy. de l'Astr., v. 3, pi. 54, fig.
16, 18.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 873,
pi. 183, fig. 187.
Hab. Dungeness and Darnley Islands, Torres Straits ; found on
the reefs under coral.
13. — Cerithium moniliferum.
Cerithium moniliferum, Kiener, Icon. Coq., viv., p. 49, pi. 16,
fig. 3.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 870,
pi. 182, fig. 165.
Hab. Dungeness Island, Torres Straits ; found on the reefs.
14. — Cerithium variegatum.
Cerithium variegatum, Quoy, Voy. de l'Astr., vol. 3, p. 139, pi.
55, fig. 17.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 870,
pi. 182, fig. 166, 167.
OF NEW SOUTH WALKS. 315
Hab. Home Islands, off Cape Grenville, North-East Australia ;
BaiTow Island, North-East Australia ; Darnley Island, Torres
Straits — found on the reefs.
15. — Cerithium fusiforme.
Cerithium fusiforme, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 162, pi.
180, fig. 106-107.
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia, 8 fathoms, mud
bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 25 to 30 fathoms.
16. — Cerithium eximium.
Cerithium eximium, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 863, pi.
183, fig. 192,
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
bottom.
17. — Cerithium granosum.
Cerithium granosum, Kiener, Icon. Coq., viv., pi. 4, fig. 3.
„ ,, Sowerby Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 163, pi
111, fig. 123-124.
Hab. Cape York, Albany Passage, Noi'th Australia, 1 1 fathom
wbite sandy mud bottom.
18. — Cerithium morus.
Cerithium morus, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 75.
Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 870, pi. 182,
fig. 160.
Hab. Hall Sound, New Cuinea ; found on the reef under
stones.
19. — Cerithium salebrosum.
Cerithium salebrosum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 862,
pi. 181, fig. 114, 115.
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia, 8 fatboms, mud
bottom.
20. — Cerithium mitr^forme.
Cerithium mitrceforme, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 873,
pi. 183, fig. 190.
31 G THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Hob. Mud Bay, Cape York, North Australia ; found on sandy
mud flats at low water.
21. — Cerithium rubus.
Clava rubus, Martyn, Universal Conch., pi. 28.
Cerithium rubus, Deshayes, Anim. Sans Vert., vol. 9, p. 310.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 873, pi.
183, fig. 188, 189.
Murex serratus, "Wood, Index. Test., pi. 28, fig. 158.
Hob. Mud Bay, Cape York, North Australia ; found with
Cerithium mitrce forme, Sowerby.
22. — Cerithium rostratum.
Cerithium rostratum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 861, pi.
180, fig. 104.
„ gracile, Pease, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1860, p. 432.
Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, white sand
bottom.
23. — Cerithium turritum.
Cerithium turritum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 860, pi.
180, fig. 101.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits; 5, 10, 20, 30 fathoms,
sand and sandy mud bottom. The most common species found.
24. — Cerithium abbreviatum. n. sp.
Shell turrited, white, slightly ventricose in the centre; whoi-ls 7 ;
longitudinally ribbed interstices with transverse lines showing on
the edge of the ribs like small nodules; suture somewhat deep; spire
lengthed ; apex acute, rose tinted, aperture rounded, contracted at
the columella and expanded backwards, brown spot within ; canal
short, slightly curved.
Length 3 ; breadth 1|- lints.
Hab. Katow, New Guinea ; 8 fathoms, sandy mud bottom.
This species is much shorter and narrower than Cerithium rhodos-
toma, A. Adams, from Port Jackson, and C. fucatum, Pease, from
Sandwich Islands. Two specimens were found at 7 miles off
Katow.
of new south wales. 317
25. — Cerithium bicanaliferum. n. sp.
Shell thin, elevated, white or brown, spirally encircled in the
centre with darker brown; whoi'ls 14, flat with transverse
lengthened nodules, the centre raised in the form of longitudinal
ribs and crossed with a fine spiral line, sometimes two ; suture
excavated, rather wide and deep, having a spiral line, body whorl
with a rounded varice on the left side of the aperture ; strongly
transversely striated below the periphery ; spire produced; apex
acute; aperture pear shaped; columella slightly twisted; flesh
tinged inside, below white ; canal short, narrow, slightly turned to
the left ; outer lip thin at the lower part, spotted with brown on
the edge, the upper part thickened behind like a varice, with a
moderately wide and deep canal or sinus, and joined to the upper
part of the body whorl.
Length 5 ; breadth from each side 1| lines ; above last whorl
1| lines.
Length from upper to lower canal 1| lines; breadth of aperture
| lines.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, white sand
bottom. Eight specimens of this interesting new species were
found; it partakes very much of the character of the Pleurotomidae
by having the sinus at the upper part of the peristome.
26. — Cerithium minimum, n. sp.
Shell pyramidal, pale brown ; whorls 10, flat; suture excavated,
longitudinally ribbed, transversely lined in the interstices ; spire
produced ; apex acute, pink ; last whorl strongly spirally keeled
with 7 keels; interstices minutely striated ; large white rounded
varice on the left side; columella bright brown, slightly twisted at
the lower part; canal wide, short; aperture oblong ovate; peristome
thin, expanded at the lower part, thickened behind in the centre,
with a varice contracted above, having a small sinus.
Length 2| ; breadth -| lin.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom. Ten specimens were found ; some of a pale brown, others
318 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
of a brownish yellow. Bet Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms,
sandy bottom ; one specimen found having the ribs more rounded
and not flat.
27. — Cerithium ? sp.
Hab. Cape York, North Australia, 6 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom. Three specimens were found dead and sea worn.
28. — Cerithium. ? sp.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North Australia, 15 fathoms, mud.
One specimen found, dead and sea worn.
29. — Vertagus vulgaris.
Murex vertagus, Linn. Gmel., p. 3560, No. 133.
Cerithium vertagus, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 73.
Brug. Enc. Meth., pi. 443, fig. 2.
Vertagus vulgaris, Schumacher.
Hab. Palm Island, North-east Australia ; found on the reefs.
Darnley Island, Torres Straits.
30. — Vertagus fasciatus.
Cerithium fasciatum, Brug. Enc. Meth., p. 474, No. 3.
?) „ Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 73.
n „ (Vertagus) Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2,
p. 849, pi. 176, fig. 6 to 10.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on sandy mud
flats inside the reefs, at low water.
31. — Vertagus pulcher.
Vertagus pulcher, A. Adams, in Sowerby Thes. Conch.
Cerithium pulchrum (Vertagus), Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2,
p. 852, pi. 177, fig. 25.
Hab. Low Island, Trinity Bay, Northeast Australia. One
specimen found on the reefs. Nickol Bay, North-west Coast of
Australia (Brazier).
of new south wales. 319
32. — Vertagus lineatus.
Cerithium lineatum, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 72.
„ ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 849, pi.
176, fig. 4-5.
Vertagus lineatus, Chenu. Manuel de Conch., par. 1, p. 283,
fig. 1903.
Hab. Sue Island, Torres Straits ; found on the reefs.
33. — Vertagus recurvus.
Cerithium recurvum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 854,
pi. 176, fig. 16, 17, 18.
Hub. Albany Passage, Cape York, North Australia, 11
fathoms, sandy bottom.
34. — Triphoris violaceus.
Cerithium violaceum, Quoy, Voy. de l'Astrolabe.
Hab. Palm, Barnard No. 3, Fitzroy, and Home Islands,
North-east Coast of Australia ; found under blocks of coral on
the reefs. Makera Harboui*, San Christoval, Solomon Islands.
Noumea, New Caledonia (Brazier).
35. — Triphoris (ino) corrugatus.
Triphoris (ino) corrugatus, Hinds, Ann. Mag. Nat. History,
1843, vol. 11, p. 18.
Ino corrugatus, Chenu. Manuel de Conch, par. 1, p. 284, fig.
1915-1916. '
Hab. Bet Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms, sand and coral
bottom. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15, 20, 30 fathoms,
sand and sandy mud bottom.
36. — Pyrazus sulcatus.
Mtirex sulcatus, Born. Mus., p. 320.
Cerithium sulcatum, Brug. Encyclop,, pi. 442, fig. 2.
,, ,, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 66.
Murex Molluccanus, Gmel., p. 5363, No. 151.
Terebralia sulcatum, Swainsou, Malacology, 1810, p. 315.
320 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Cerithium sulcatum (Pyrazus), Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2,
p. 883, pi. 185, fig. 262.
Pyrazus sulcatus, Reeve, Conch. Icon., vol. 15, Pyrazus, pi. sp.
la.-lb.
„ „ Chenu. Manuel de Conch, par. 1, p. 285,
fig. 1923.
Strombus mangiorum, Schroeter, Phys. Conch., p. 383.
Hah. Dungeness Island, Torres Straits ; found on the roots of
the mangrove (Rhizophora.~)
The specimens figured la. and lb. in Reeve's Conch. Icon, are
the true Australian variety, and found in vast numbers on the
above island.
37. — Telescopium fuscum.
Trochus telescopium, Linn. Ginel., p. 3585, No. 112.
Telescopium fuscum, Chem. Couch., p. 160, fig. 1507, 1509.
Cerithium telescopium, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 67.
Terebralia telescopium, Swainson, Malacology, 1840, p. 315.
Cerithium „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 890,
pi. 185, tig. 269. .
Telescopium Telescopium, Chenu. Manuel de Conch., par. 1, p.
286, fig. 1930.
Potamides (Terebralia) telescopium, Woodward, Manual of Mol-
lusca, 3rd edit., 1875, p. 243, pi. 8, fig. 21.
Hob. Katow River, New Guinea, on mud flats overgrown
with Rhizophora.
38. — Cerithidea Charbonnieri.
Cerithium Charbonnieri, Petit. Journal de Conch, 1851, p. 264,
pi. 7, fig. 7.
Cerithidea Charbonnieri, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lon.,
1854, p. 84.
Cerithium unicarinatum, Metcalfe.
„ Charbonnieri, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 886,
pi. 186, fig. 279.
Hab. Hall Sound, Yule Islaud, New Guinea. One specimen
found.
of new south wales. 321
39. — Ceritiiidea Kieneri.
Cerithium Ke'nnerii, Homb. et Jacq. Voy. au Pole Sud. Moll.,
text, p. 96. Atlas, pi. 23, fig. 4-5.
Cerithium Kieneri, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 886, pi.
186, fig. 272.
Ceritiiidea Kieneri, Reeve, Conch. Icon., Cerithidea, pi. 1, sp. 6.
Hob. Cape York, North Australia. Found some six feet from
the ground, attached by a glutinous matter on the trunks of large
Rhizophora. Katow, New Guinea. One specimen found on the
beach, dead.
40. PlRENELLA LAYARDI.
Cerithidea (Pirenella*) Layardi, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc,
Lon., 1854, p. 86.
Cerithium Layardi (Pirenella), Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 2,
p. 882, pi. 185, fig. 257.
Tympanotomus Layardi, Reeve, Conch. Icon., vol. 15, Tympano-
tomy, pi. 1, sp. 2a.
Hob. Mud Bay, Cape York ; found on sandy mud flats at low
water.
The Ichthyology of the Chevert Expedition, by Haynes Gibbes
Alleyne, M.D., and William Macleay, F.L.S.
II.
Family Scombrice.
55. echeneis naucrates.
Echeneis Semora, Aldrovandi, 3, ch. 22, p. 355. Jonston, Thau-
matogr. 1, lib. 1 , cap. 2, art 4, tab. 4, fig. 3, tab. 39, fig. 8. Marcgr.
Iter. Bras., p. 180. Gottorff, Kuntskammer, tab. 25, fig. 2. Wil-
loughby, p. 119, tab. g. 8, fig. 2. Ray, Syn., p. 71. Ruych. Theatr.
Univ. p. 7. tab. 4, fig. 3 ; tab. 39, fig. 8. Seba 3, p. 103, tab. 33,
fig. 2. Dutertre, Hist. Gen. des Antilles, 2, p. 299, fig. opp.
p. 222. Brown, Hist. Jamaica, p. 443.
322 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Echineis naucrates, L. Syst., 1, p. 446, Hasselg., Iter. Palest.,
]). 324. Schcepff, Schrift., Gesselsch, Naturf. Freunde, Berlin
8, 3, p. 145. Bl. 2, p. 131, tab. 171. Bl. Sclm., p. 239. Lacep.
3, pp. 146-162, pi. 9, fig. 2. Shaw Zool. 4, p. 209, pi. 31. Cuv.
Regne. Anim. Storer Rep. Fish. Massach p. 153. Mich. Trans.
Lit. and Phil. Soc. New York 1, p. 377. Richards Faun. Bor.
Araer. 3, p. 266, and Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 11, 1843, p. 498.
Cant. Catal., p. 199. Faun. Japan. Pois., p. 270, p. 120, fig. 1.
Richards Ichthyolog. Chin., p. 203. Cuich. Explor. Alger. Poiss.,
]). 111. Webb and Berthall, lies Canar. Poiss., p. 87. Gunth.
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., May, 1860, p. 395.
Echineis, sp. Gronov., Zoophyl, p. 75, No. 252, and Mus.
Ichthyol. 1, p. 13, No. 34. Klein Miss. Pise, 4, p. 41, No. 2.
Pegador, Parra, p. 94, pi. 36, fig. 2.
Ala Mottah, Russell, 1, p. 39, pi. 49.
Echineis albicanda, Mich. Am. Mon., Mag 2., p. 244.
,, ,, lunata, Bancr. Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. 1,
p. 134, and Zool. Jour. S, p. 411, pi. 18.
„ Australis, Griff. Anim. Kingd., pi. — , p. 504 ; Bennett,
Whal. Voy. 2, p. 273.
„ vittata, Lowe Proc. Zool. Soc, 1839, p. 89 ; 1850,
p. 252, and Trans. Zool. Soc, p. 17.
„ vittata, Riipp. N. W. Fische, p. 82.
„ albicanda, Dekay N. York Faun., Fishes, p. 307, pi.
54, fig. 177.
,, fusca, Gronov. Syst., ed. Gray, p. 92.
Skeleton, Agass., Recherches Poiss., Tass. 4, tab. G.
The above long list of references and synonyms is taken from
Giinther's Catalogue, and is no doubt very complete and correct.
It will give an idea of the great amount of interest which this
remarkable group of fishes has always excited among naturalists,
and also illustrates the many mistakes authors have fallen into
from their unacquaintance with the great diversity of appearance
in these fish at different periods of their growth.
A number of large specimens, about thirty-two inches long, of
this species accumulated round the Chevert, when lying at anchor
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 323
for ten clays off Darnley Island, and several were taken by the hook.
They seemed generally to adhere to the sides of the ship near the
bows by means of their suckers, but whenever anything edible or
looking like it was thrown from the ship, a number of them would
at once detach themselves and make a dash at it. These were all
full-grown fish, and had slightly bilobed tails. Young specimens
about seven inches long taken at Cape York and Warrior
Reef present a very different appearance. The middle rays
of the tail are elongate, and the outer rays of the tail and the tips
of the first portion of the soft dorsal and anal are of a yellowish
white. The number of plates on the suctorial disk is in one of the
young specimens twenty -four, in all the others twenty-three.
Family Carangil\e.
56. — Caranx armatus.
Scicena armata, Forsk., p. 53. Gm. L., p. 1306. Russell, pi. 151,
p. 38 (Young).
Citula plumbea, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Freyc. Zool. Poiss., p. 361.
,, ciliaria, Riipp. Atl. Fische, p. 102, tab. 25, fig. 8.
„ armata, Rupp. Atl. Fische, p. 103, and N. W. Fische,
p. 50.
Caranx citula, Cuv. and Val. 9, p. 126.
„ armatus, Cuv. and Val. 9, p. 127 ; Cantor Catal.,
p. 131.
„ ciliaris, Cuv. and Val. 9, p. 129 (Young) • Faun. Japan.
Poiss., p. 112 ; Richards Ichth. China, p. 276.
,, cirrhosus, Cuv. and Val., pi. 250.
Olistus malabaricus, Cuv. and Val. 9, p. 137, pi. 251 ; Cuv.
Regn. Anim., 111. Poiss., pi. 58, fig. 1.
,, Rupellii, Cuv. and Val. 9, p. 144.
Carangoides citula, Blecker Verh. Bat. Gren. 24, Makr., p. 65.
This species was found at Cape York and New Guinea.
57. — Caranx hippos.
Guara terebra, Marcgr., p. 172 ; Seba, 3, 27, 3.
Scomber hippos, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1, p. 494 (not Mitch.) ; £1.
Schn., p. 28 ; Forst. Descr. Anim. cur. Licht., p. 192.
324 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Scomber hippos Kleinu, Bl. taf. 347, fig. 2 ; Bl. Schn., p. 30.
Russell 2, pi. 148.
Caranx fallax, Cuv. and Val. 9, p. 95 ; Castalu. Anim. Nouv.
or Rares Poiss., p. 22 ; Guich. Poiss. in Sagra Hist. Cuba, p. 111.
,, sem. Cuv. and Val. 9, p. 105.
,, Forsteri, Cuv. and Val. 9, p. 107 ; Cant. Catal., p. 127.
Bleeker Verb., &c.
„ sexfasciatus, Quoy. and Cairn. Voy. Freyc, p. 351, pi.
65, fig. 4 ; Cuv. and Val. 9, p. 110 (Young).
Caranx Lessonii, Cu . and Val. 9, p. 113 ; Less. Voy. Coq.
Poiss., p. 155, pi. 31, fig. 1.
„ bellangerii, Cuv. and Val. 9, p. 116.
,, defensor, De^ay, New York Fauna, p. 120, pi. 24,
fig. 72; Holbr. Icbtb. S. Carolin., p. 85, pi. 12, fig. 1 (eye too
small).
fig. 2.
fiavo-cixruleus, Schleg. Faun. Japan., p. 110, pi. 59,
, parapisles, Richards lcbtby. Voy. Erebus and Terror,
p. 136, pi. 58, fig. 6, 7.
This fish was taken abundantly in the net about Cape York.
58. — Caranx Cheverti.
Plate X.,Jiy. 1.
D. 8^- A. 2 J..
Teeth viliform, exceedingly minute. Vomer prominent and
toothed. Height of body nearly three and a half times in the total
length. Head about one-fourth of the same. The maxillary*
scarcely reaches the vertical from the anterior margin of the
orbit. The lateral line is very slightly curved in front ; the straight
portion commences about the vertical from the posterior third of
the soft dorsal fin, and is slightly keeled on the tail only. The
dorsal fin is low, the first five rays being slightly elongate. The
anal is similar to the dorsal. The pectoral fins reach to about the
line of the third dorsal r-ay. Thei'e is a very distinct black spot
* In the previous paper, where the term upper maxillary is used, the
maxillary bone is meant.
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 325
between the lateral line and the root of the pectorals, a part of it
being on the operculum. Coloration silvery blue above, silvery
white below.
One specimen, five inches long, of this well-marked species was
got at Katow, New Guinea. The teeth are so very fine that it is
difficult even with a lens to detect them.
59. — Caranx laticaudis.
Plate X., fig. 2.
Fine viliform teeth on the jaws, vomer, and tongue. Height of
body two and one-third in the total length. Head four and
a-half in the same. Snout rounded, and distant from the eye
more than the diameter of the orbit. The maxillarv reaches to
the vertical from the anterior margin of the orbit. Crest keeled.
Breast naked. The lateral line is slightly curved, the straight
and keeled portion commencing at about the vertical from the
posterior fourth of the soft dorsal fin. Dorsal and anal fins low
and uniform, the first five rays of each a little elongate. Pectoral
fin one-third of the entire length of the fish. Caudal fin wide-
spreading, and exceeding in height the whole body. Coloration
silvery, darker on the back than below. The dorsal, anal, and
caudal fins are slightly blackish. No opercular spot.
One specimen, twelve inches long, of this handsome fish was
taken in Hall Sound.
Both this and the preceding species will fall into the sub-
division of the genus Caranx, which Giinther (Cat Fish, Brit.
Mus., vol. 2, p. 424) commences with the species Lioglossus.
60. — Caranx Papueksis.
Plate X.,fig. 3.
D. 8^, A. 2^.
Viliform teeth on the upper jaw, with an outer series of larger
and somewhat recurved ones ; those on the lower jaw in a single
series, small, and rather recurved. Teeth on the vomer. The
height of the body is equal to a third, and the length of the head
326 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
to a fourth of the total length. The maxillary reaches to the
vertical from the anterior third of the eye. Breast scaly. The
lateral line is moderately curved on its anterior half. The
straight part is strongly keeled, commences about the vertical to
the sixth dorsal ray, and is composed of thirty-five plates. The
pectoral fins extend to the ninth keeled scale of the lateral line.
No opercular spot. Colouration silvery, darker on the back.
This specimen seems to correspond in several points with
Garanx Upturns Agass., a fish supposed to belong to the Atlantic.
The differences in the relative proportions, as well as in the
dentition, justify us, we think, in describing this as a new species,
more especially as Giinther seems to have doubts as to whether
the fish described in his Catalogue (Vol. 2, p. 447) as lepturus is
really Agassiz's fish.
Two specimens, the largest six inches long, were taken at Hall
Sound, New Guinea.
61.— Caranx buccujlentus.
Plate XI., fig. 1.
T> 8 J A '2 i
The teeth in the upper jaw are viliform, with an external row
of conical teeth, about fourteen in number. The under jaw has a
single series of smaller conical teeth. Teeth on the vomer, pala-
tines, and tongue ; those on the vomer in a triangular mass. The
height of the body is one-third of the total length. The head is a
little shorter than the height of the body. The diameter of the
orbit is one-fourth of the length of the head, and is equal to the
distance from the eye to the front of the muzzle. The distance
between the eye is much greater than the diameter of the orbit.
Mouth large, the maxillary extending to the vertical from
behind the middle of the eye. Breast naked. The lateral line is
very much curved on its anterior portion, and descends vertically
to the straight and plated portion which commences in the vertical
from the fifth dorsal spine. The first few rays of the soft dorsal
and anal fins are elongate. The pectorals reach the ninth anal
ray. Colouration silvery, darker towards the back. The dorsal
of mew south wales. 327
and caudal fins are tipped with black. There is a distinct black
axillary spot, and an indistinct opercular one.
Two specimens, each ten inches long, were taken at Cape
Grenville.
62. — Caranx georgianus.
Cuv. and Val. 9, p. 85 ; Jenyns Zool. Beagle, Fishes, p. 71 ;
Richards Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1843, 11, p. 27; and
Ichth. Yoy. Ereb. and Terr., p. 135, pi. 58, fig. 1, 3.
Caranx platessa, Cuv. and Val., 9, p. 84.
This species, so well known in Port Jackson by the name of
" White Trevally," seems to get less abundant in the warm seas
of the North. Only one specimen was taken during the whole
voyage of the Chevert, and that was in the comparatively cool
latitudes of the Percy Islands.
63. — Caranx edentulus.
Plate XL, fig. 2.
D. 7^, A. 2.L.
No teeth perceptible either on jaws, vomer, or tongue. The
height of the body is one-third, and the length of the head is one-
fourth of the total length of the fish. The lips are rather thick
and flesh)'. The maxillary reaches to the vertical from the
anterior third of the orbit. The eyes are small, about two
diameters from the point of the muzzle, and three diameters apart.
There is a ridge above the eye to the summit of the operculum.
Breast scaly. The lateral line is slightly curved for two-thirds of
its length ; the straight portion commences below the posterior
third of the soft dorsal fin, and is very slightly armed. The
pectoral fins reach to the sixth anal ray. The detached anal
spines are small. The tail is long and spreading. The colouration
is bluish above and yellowish white below. The opercular and
axillary spots are indistinct.
This species ^eems to approach nearest to Caranx RwppeUii of
Grunther, the C. petaurista Ruppell. Several specimens, averaging
about fourteen inches in length, were got at the Percy Islands.
328 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
V
64. — Chorinemus lysan.
? Dampier, Voy. N. Holl., pi. 3, fig. 5, p. 162.
Scomber lysan, Fovsk., No. 67, pi. 54.
,, Fosteri, Bl. Schn., p. 26.
Scomberoides commersonianus, Lacep., 2, pi. 20, fig. 3. Russell,
2, p. 31, pi. 141.
Scomber Madagaceriensis, Shaw Zool. 4, p. 590, pi. 85. Bennett's
Life of Raffles, p. 689.
Lichia lysan, RUpp. Atl. Fische., p. 91.
Chorinemus commersoniomus, Cuv. and Yal. p. 370. Bleek
Verh. Bat. Gen. 24, Makr., p. 44.
Chorinemus lysan, Cuv. and Yal. 1, p.387. Riipp., N. W.
Fisck, p. 44. Cant., Catalog., p. 118.
? Chorinemus farkharii, Cuv. and Yal., 8, p. 388.
Chorinemus aculeatus, Cuv. and Val. 8, p. 384 (not Block.)
„ Fosteri, Richards Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1843,
11, p. 24.
This fish was taken on several occasions in the net at Cape
York.
65. — Chorinemus toloo.
Tohoparah, Russell 2, p. 29, pi. 137.
Lichia-toloo-parah, Riipp. Atl. Fische, p. 91.
Chorinemus toloo, Cuv. and Yal. 8, p. 377. 1 Bleek. Verh.
Bat. Gen., 24, Makr. p. 45.
The description given by Gunther of this species does not
accord very well with the specimens before us ; but Count Cas-
telnau mentions in a paper published by him, entitled " Re-
searches on the Fishes of Australia," that he had received from
South Australia a fish which is evidently identical with the fish
before us, and he seems inclined to think that it is C. toloo. It
seems curious that it should not have been previously noticed
from Northern Australia, for it is very abundant about Cape
York. There are in the collection from the same locality some
small fishes (three inches long) which present a marked difference
of appearance, but we are inclined to believe that they may be only
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 329
immature specimens. They are very compressed, have a crenu-
lated, appearance about the belly, corrugated lines on the sides,
and are of the most brilliant silvery lustre.
66. — Trachynotus ovatus.
Gasterostous ovatus, L. Syst. Nat. 1, p. 490.
Centronotus ovals, Lacep. 3, pp. 309-316.
Synonomy of Atlantic specimens.
Chcetodon rhomboides, Block, taf. 209.
Acanthinion rhomboides, Lacep. 4, p. 500.
Spinous Dorey, Mitch. Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. New York, 1
pi. 6, fig. 10.
Trachinotus rhomboides, Cuv. and Val. 8, p. 407. Guich.
Sagra, Cuba, p. 108.
Trachinotus fusmts, Cuv. and Val. 8, p. 410.
„ teraia, Cuv. and Val. 8, page 418.
„ spinosus, Dek. New York Faun. Fishes p. 117,
pi. 19, fig. 53 (bad).
Lichia spinosa, Baird, 9th Smith's Rep., p. 336.
Doliodon spinosus, Girard Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc, Philac!., 1858,
p. 168.
Synonomy of the Indian specimens.
Scomber falcatus, Forsk. p. 57.
Co3sio7norns Blockii, Lacep. p. 95, pi. 2, fig. 2.
Trachinotus falcatus, Lacep. 3, p. 79. Riipp. Atl. Fische., p.
89. Cuv. and Val. 1, page 430.
MookaUe parah, Russell 2, p. 39, pi. 154.
Trachinotus mookalee, Cuv. and Val., 8, p. 423, Cantor Catal.,
p. 123. Bleeker Verb. Bat. Gen. 24. Makr., p. 48.
Trachinotus Blockii, Cuv. and Val. 8, p. 425.
„ affinus, Cuv. and Val. 8, p. 428.
falciyer, Cuv. and Val. 8, p. 428.
„ drepanis, Cuv. and Val. 8, p. 429.
„ auratus, Richards Ichth. Chin., p. 270.
330 THE PROCEEDINGS OE THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
, It will be seen from the foregoing long list of synonyms, taken
from the British Museum Catalogue, that Dr. Gunther has
merged in one no less than nine of Cuvier and Valenciennes'
species.
The specimens in the Chevert collection are from the
Percy Islands.
67. — Trachynotus Baillonii.
Russell 2, pi. 142.
Ccesiomorus bailloni, Lacep. 3, p. 93, pi. 3, fig. 1.
,, quadripunctatus, Riipp. Atl. Fische, p. 90, pi. 24,
f. 1.
Trachinotus bailloni, Cuv. and Val. 8, p. 431 ; Bleek. Verh.
Bat. Gen. 24, p. 46.
,, quadripunctatus, Cuv. and Val. 8, p. 434 ; Cantor
Catal., p. 122.
„ Kussellii, Cuv. and Val. 8, p. 436.
This species was also got at the Percy Islands.
68. — Platax teira.
Ghcetodon teira, Forsk., p. 60, tab. 22 ; Bl., tab. 199, fig. 1 ; L.
Gm., p. 1265 ; Bl. Schn., p. 221 ; Shaw. Zool. 4, p. 365, pi. 260 ;
Russell, pi. 87.
Platax teira, Cuv. Regne. Anim ; Riipp. Atl. Fische, p. 68,
and N. W. Fische, pp. 33-37 ; Cuv. and Val. 7, p. 226 ; Cantor
Catal. p. 168 ; Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. 23, Chsetod. p. 28 ; Peters.
Wiegm. Archiv. 1855, p. 247.
,, Leschenaldi, Cuv. and Val. 7, p. 223.
„ vespertiUo, Temm. and Schlgg. Faun. Japan, Poiss., p.
83, pi. 43.
One large specimen of this curious-looking fish was speared
under the ship's side in Hall Sound, New Guinea.
Family Gobiid.e.
69. gobius criniger.
? Gobius nebulosus, Forsk., p. 24 ; Bl. Schn., p. 72 ; Cuv. and
Val. 12, p. 84.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 331
Gobius criniger, Cuv. and Val. 12, p. 82 ; Cant. Catal., p. 184;
Bleeker Banka., p. 453 ; Richard's Voy. Ereb. and Terror,
Ichthy. p. 2, pi. 1, fig. 3-4.
Taken at Darnley Island.
70. — Gobius ornatus.
Gobiu* ornatus, Riipp. Atl. Fische., p. 135, and N. W. Fische,
p. 137.
„ ventralis, Cuv. and Val. 12, p. 113.
„ interstinctus, Richard's Voy. Ereb. and Terror, Fishes,
p. 3, pi. 5, fig. 3-6: Bleek. Natursk. Tydsch. Ned. Ind, 1851, 1,
p. 249.
One specimen, in a very bad condition, from Darnley Island ;
we are not by any means certain of its identity.
71. — Gobius Darnleyensis.
Plate XII., fig. 1.
D. 61 A. \ L. lat. 34.
All the teeth small. The height of the body is one-fifth of the
length. The length of the head is the same. The eyes are half
the diameter of the orbit apart, and one diameter from the point
of the snout. The cleft of the mouth is slightly oblique, and ex-
tends to the vertical from the middle of the eye. The tail is long
and obtusely pointed. The anal rays are longer than those of the
soft dorsal. The pectorals are large and obtusely pointed, with
the first few rays filamentose. The scales are much larger
towards the tail. Coloration, greenish marbled and spotted with
black. The fins and tail are greenish yellow, with their basal
portions blackish. The position of the lateral line is marked by
a ridge anteriorly, and a depressed line posteriorly.
This fish was found in considerable abundance in and about
dead coral at Darnley Island. The average length is about four
inches.
332 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
72. GOBIUS NIGRIPINNIS.
Plate XII., fig. 2.
D. 6JL A. \ L. lat. 33.
Teeth small, conical ; an exterior row in the upper jaw longer
than the others. The height of the body is one-sixth of the total
length, and the length of the head is one-fourth of the same. The
eyes are about the diameter of the orbit apart, and are about the
same distance from the intermaxillary. The head is obtuse in
front, and the mouth is slightly oblique. The scales are rather
large towards the tail, which is long and obtusely pointed. The
colour is greyish black. The fins are all more or less black.
The dorsals are tipped with yellow.
This species was found at Palm Island. The length is about
three inches.
There are a number of other species of Gobius in the collection
which we find ourselves compelled to pass over for the present ;
some because they are represented only by single or imperfect
specimens, and others from an inability to satisfy ourselves that
they had not been previously described by others.
73. — Apocryptes lineatus.
Plate XII., fig. 3.
D. 6TL A. T\ L. lat. 64.
Teeth distinct, conical, and sharp ; those on the lower jaw
nearly horizontal with a recurved canine on each side. Height of
body one-fourth of the length ; length of head one-fifth of the
same. Scales becoming much larger towards the tail. Caudal
fin obtusely pointed. Colouration, dirty white, with two black
bands — one extending from the muzzle through the eye to the
anterior third of the soft dorsal fin, — the second through the
operculum and base of the pectoral fin to about the middle of the
body. The first dorsal fin has a black patch extending more or
less along its entire base ; the second dorsal has four elongate
black basal spots extending to the body. There is also a well-
marked spot at the base of the caudal fin.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 333
This fish was taken in abundance at Cape Grenville. It seems
to be very subject to variation. Some specimens are much more
elongate than the one described, the height of the body being six
times in the length, and many of them have two canines close
together on one side of the lower jaw, though curiously enough
we have never been able to detect them on both sides in any
specimen. The average size of the species is three and a-half
inches.
74. GOBIODON VERTICALIS.
Plate XII., fig. 4.
Body very compressed. Profile vertical, with the mouth small
and nearly in the centre. Eyes small and near the top of the
head. Height of body nearly one-half of the total length.
Ventral fins short. The body shows two longitudinal impressions
— one near the back, the other near the belly, and the transverse
lines of the muscles are very distinct. The colour is yellow, with
all the fins more or less black.
This fish was found abundantly in the inmost recesses of dead
coral, hi positions where it had probably been born, and from
which there could certainly have been little chance of escape.
Gobiodon histrio, Cuv. and Yal., is the nearest approach to this
species of all those hitherto described. The much greater propor-
tionate depth of G. verticalis, and the absence of tubereules on the
forehead, will at once serve to distinguish them.
75. —Gobiodon Ceramensis.
Gobius ceramensis, Bleek, Ceram. 2, p. 704.
A good many specimens of what we believe to be this species
were found in the same localities, and under the same circum-
stances as the preceding species. Its proportions are very different,
and the profile is not vertical. ^ (fT7 """--.
/
334 the proceedings op the linnean society
76. — Periopthalmus Australis.
Plate XL, jig. 3.
Casteln., Reseai'ches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 22.
As no figure has ever been given of this remarkable fish, we
add one in the plates accompanying this paper. It was found to
be abundant about Cape York, at the mouth of the Katow River,
and at the mouths of all the streams flowing into Hall Sound.
At low tide these fish are met with on the slimy banks and
mangrove swamps at a considerable distance from the water, but
they invariably make for it in a straight direction whenever they
are frightened or disturbed by anyone. Their mode of progression
is by a series of rapid jumps, springing apparently entirely from
their very muscular pectoral fins.
77 — Periopthalmus Koelreuteri.
Valent. 3, p. 391, fig. 140; Renard. 1, p. 16, fig. 65; Saba. 3,
p. 29, fig. 17; Koelreuter in Nov. Comm. Petrop. 8, p. 421.
Gobius Koelreuteri, Pall. Spic. 8, p. 8, tome 2, fig. 1.
Periophthalmus Koelreuteri, Bl. Schn., p. 65.
Gunther describes five varieties of this species, reducing to
synonyms several species of Cuv. and Val., Cantor, Richardson,
and others. The specimens in the "Chevei't" collection were taken
near the mouth of the Katow River, where they seemed to be
very numerous.
78. — Eleotris lineata.
Castelnan, Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 24.
Found at Darnley Island.
79. — Eleotris elongata.
Plate XIII., jig. 1.
I>. 7^3, A. ^.
Height of body, one-tenth of the length. Head broad and
flat between the eyes. Mouth oblicpie, the maxillary extending
to the vertical from the anterior third of the eye. Scales minute.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 335
Tail pointed. Colour, pale reddish yellow, with a narrow black
axillary spot.
This species was also taken at Darnley Island.
Family Batrachid.e.
80. — Batrachus Diemensis.
Batrachoides Diemensis, Lesneur, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. 3,
1823, p. 402.
Batrachus quadrispinis, Cuv. and Val. 12, p. 487.
,, Diemensis, Richards, Ann. Nat. Hist. 10, p. 352 ;
Voy. Ereb. and Terr., Fishes, p. 17, pi. 8, fig. 1-2; Bleek, Tim.,
p. 168.
Taken at Cape Grenville, and generally throughout Torres i
Straits.
81. — Batrachus Dussumieri.
Cuv. and Val. 12, p. 474, pi. 367.
One specimen, which we believe may be this species, was taken
at Darnley Island, but it does not much resemble the figure given
in Cuvier and Valencienne's plates.
82. — Batrachus dubius.
White, Voy. New South Wales, p. 265 ; Richards, Voy. Ereb.
and Terr., Fishes, p. 16, pi. 10.
One specimen from Sue Island, Torres Straits.
0
Family Pediculati.
83. — Antennarius urophthalmus.
Chironectes caudimaculatus, Richards, Voy. Ereb. and Terr.,
Fishes, p. 125, pi. 60, fig. 8, 9.
Antennarius urophthalmus, Bleek, Natuurk. Tydschr. Mdell.
Ind. 2, p. 488 and 15, p. 237.
One specimen, Darnley Island.
336 the proceedings of the linnean society
Family Blenniiixe.
84. — Salarias lineolatus.
Plate XIII., fig. 2.
D. 31, A. 22T.
The height of the body is one-fourth of the length. The head
is vertical in front, with a long bifid tentacle above the orbit, a
shorter one on the anterior nostril, and a short broad-fringed one
on each side of the occiput. The mouth is rather large. There
are no canine teeth. The dorsal fin is high, without notch, and
almost continuous with the caudal. The colour is a yellowish
brown, much spotted on the head and dorsal lin, and with a
number of interrupted fine longitudinal blue lines on the body.
Found at Darnley Island.
85. — Salarias fasciatus.
Blennius gattorugine, Forsk. Descr. Anim., p. 23.
„ fasciatus, Cuv. and Val. 11, p. 324.
taf. 162, fig. 1. Bl. Scku., p. 168.
Salarias quadripinnis, Rupp. Atl. Fische., p. 112, taf. 28, fig.
2. Cuv. and Val, 11 p. 318. Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. 22, p. 19.
Salarias fasciatus, Cuv. and Val. 11, p. 324.
,, priamensis, Bleek, Sumatra, 2 p. 268.
From Cape Grenville.
86. — Salarias biseriatus.
Cuv. and Val. 11, p. 316. Kner. Fische. Novara, p. 197, pi.
8, fig. 5.
This species is not in Gunther's catalogue. A few specimens
were taken at Nepean Island in Torres Straits.
87. — Salarias geminatus.
Plate XIII., fig. 3.
The height of the body is one-seventh of the total length. The
head is vertical in front, with a rounded crest on the occiput, The
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 337
eyes are near one another, and have a fringed tentacle on the
summit of the orbit. No canine teeth. Dorsal fin deeply notched,
and continuous with the caudal ; the latter is pointed. The
colour is yellow, with seven or eight faint blue or black bands
disposed in pairs across the body, and a distinct black edge to the
dorsal, anal, and caudal fins.
This is a remarkably elongate form of Blennidae. It is from
some part of Torres Straits.
88. — Salakias irroratus.
Plate XIII., Jig. 4.
D.jf A. 18.
The height of the body is one-fifth of the total length. The
profile of the head is rounded, the forehead and eyes being in
advance of the mouth. The eyes are about one-third of the
diameter of the orbit apart. There is a short simple tentacle
above each eye, and a very low continuous crest on the top of the
head, extending to the dorsal fin. No canine teeth. The dorsal
fin is slightly notched, commences at the occiput, and is not con-
tinuous with the caudal. The rays of the anal fin are longer than
those of the dorsal, and terminate in filaments. The colour is
pale reddish brown, thickly sprinkled with small white spots. The
fins are nearly white —the anal tipped with black, the caudal
spotted, the pectorals with basal white spots.
One specimen was found at Low Island.
89. — Salarias filamentosus.
Plate XIV., Jig. 1.
T) 12. A 2_
XJ- to ^sns
Height of body, one-third of the length. Head rounded,
sloping above, nearly vertical in front, with a deep groove on the
occipirt. No canine teeth. Tentacles above each eye and on
every nostril. Dorsal tin moderately notched ; the spines elongate,
and terminating in filaments • the rays near the extremity longest.
338 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
The two anal spines are terminated each by a broad tentacular
appendage — the anal rays are shorter than those of the dorsal.
Tail somewhat rounded. Colour entirely black.
There is much that is anomalous and unlike a Salarias in this
fish, but yet there seems to be no valid reason for removing it
from that genus. It was captured at Cape York.
90. — Salarias auridens.
Plate XIV., fig. 2.
T) 1 3 A 2
Height of body, one-fifth of the length. Head horizontal above,
vertical in front. A long tentacle, divided at the point, over
each eye. Teeth very minute, and of a golden lustre. No
canines. Dorsal fin deeply notched. Colour brown. Fins
yellow— the dorsal, pectorals, and caudal, spotted with brown.
One specimen from Darnley Island.
91. — Salarias cristiceps.
Plate XIV., fig. 3.
D I 3 A 2
1J- 2"T 'tt- "22"
Height of body, one-sixth of the length. Profile of head
vertical, the forehead rather more prominent than the mouth. A
low crest on the top of the head. A large ei'cct tentacle on the
summit of each orbit, and a small tentacle on each anterior
nostril. Dorsal fin deeper than the anal, and notched almost to
the back. Colour of the body, almost black ; of the fins, diapha-
nous black. Tail broadly rounded.
This species also comes from Darnley Island.
Family Teuthidid^e.
92. — Teuthis albopunctata.
Amphacanthus albopunctatus, Schleg. Faun. Japan. Poiss.
p. 128.
Amphacanthus margaritiferus, Rich. Ichth. Chin., p. 243.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 339
Amphacanthus fuscescens, Rich. Ichth. Chin., p. 243.
,, dorsalis, Bleek. Verh. Batav. Genootsch. 23.
Teuth. p. 9, and Java 4, p. 332.
Teuthis brevirostris, Gronov. Sysfc. Gray, p. 142.
The specimens obtained of this fish were speared by the natives
on the reefs at Cape Grenville.
93. — Teuthis vermiculata.
Amphacanthus vermiculatus, Cuv. and Val. 10, p. 126. Mull,
and Schleg. Verh. Overz. Bez. Vissch., p. 11, pi. 3, fig. 2. Bleek.
Verh. Batav. Genootsch. 23, Teiith. p. 11.
Taken in Trinity Bay.
94. — Teuthis notosticta.
Amphacanthus notostictus, Rich. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
1843, 11, p. 172.
One specimen, Darnley Island.
95. — Teuthis doliata.
* Siganus dollatus, Cuv. Regne, Anim. Guerin. Iconog. Poiss.,
pi. 35, fig. 1.
Ainphacanthus doliatus, Cuv. and Val. 10, p. 132. Cuv. Regne,
Anim. 111. Poiss., pi 71, fig. 1. Bleek. Ternate, 2, p. 606.
One specimen, Fair Cape.
Family Acronurid^e.
96. — Naseus unicornis.
Monoceros piscis, Willughby, 150, t. 0-4.
,, minor, "Willughby, p. 216.
Chaetodon, sp., Hapelg. Iter Palaest., p. 332, No. 71.
„ unicornis, Forsk., p. 63, and Icon. t. 23. L. Gm. 1,
p. 1268.
Monocerus Raii, Bl. Schn., p. 181.
„ biaculeatus, Bl. Schn., p. 180, t. 42.
Nciso fronticornis, Lacep. 3, pp. 105-106, pi. 7, fig. 2.
340 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Acanthurics unicornis, Shaw Zool. 4, p. 374, pi. 50.
Aspirurus unicornis, Rupp. Atl. Fisclie., p. 60.
Naseus fronticomis, Cuv. and Val. 10, p. 259. Faun. Japoa.
Poiss., p. 129, pi. 69. Richards Ichth. Chin., p. 244. Bleek.
Batav. 3, p. 238. Cuv. Regne. Anim, 111. Poiss., pi. 72, fig. 2.
Naseus longicornis, Cuv. in Gruer. Iconogr Poiss., pi., 35, fig. 3.
Harpurus monoceros, Forst. Descr. Anim., ed. Licht., p. 219.
Acronurus jEgyptius, Gronov. Syst., ed. Gray, p. 191.
„ corniger, Gronov. Syst , ed. Gray, p. 192.
One fine specimen, nearly two feet long, was taken at Bramble
Cay.
97.— Naseus annulatus.
Priodon annulatus, Quoy. and Gaim. Voy. Uran. Zool, p. 377.
(young.)
Naseus mar ginatus, Cuv. and Val. 10, p. 280, adult.
Priodon annularis, Cuv. and Val. 10, p. 302, pi. 294 (young.)
Bleek. Amboyna 2, p. 558.
Naseus annulatus, Bleek. Celeb. 8, p. 304.
An adult specimen, ten inches long, and without any trace of a
ring on the tail, was caught at Cape Grenville.
Family Atheriniixe.
98. — Atherina lacunosa.
Atherina Waigiensis (part) Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Uran. Zool.
p. 334.
Atherina lacunosa, Bleek, Sumatra, p. 504 (probably not Forst.
or Val.)
The exact locality in which this fish was found has not been
noted, but it was most probably at Cape York.
99. — Atherina pinguis.
Lacep. 5, p. 372, pi. 11, fig. 1. Bleek. Act. Soc. Indo-Nederl. 8,
Sumatra 8, p. 24.
Atherina affinis, Beun. Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. 1, 1831,
p. 166.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 341
Aiherina pectoralis, Cuv. and Val. 10, p. 447.
Found abundantly at Hall Sound. It may prove to be a new
species.
Family Mugilid.e.
100. mugil axillaris.
1 Mugil axillaris, Cuv. and Val. 11, p. 131.
Mugil axillaris, Bleek. Natursk. Tijdsehr. Nederl. Ind. 4,
1853, p. 26Q, and Act. Soc. Indo-Nederl. 8, Sumatra. 9, p. 3.
Mugil parsia, Bleek. Natursk. Tijdsehr. Nederl. Ind, 3,
1852, p. 166.
This species was frequently taken in the seine at Yule Island,
Hall Sound.
101. — Mugil delicatus.
Plate XV., Jig. 1.
D 4| Af L. lat. 37.
Height of the body at its deepest part behind the first dorsal
fin, four and a half times in the length. The length of the head is
five and a half in the same. Head broad, flat above, the width of
the interorbital space being more than half the length of the head.
Snout short and obtuse. The free space at the chin between the
mandibles is narrowly lanceolate. Eye without an adipose mem-
brane. Tbere are twenty-one series of scales between the snout
and the spinous dorsal. The pectorals extend beyond the origin
of the dorsal, but scarcely to the extremity of the ventrals. The
soft dorsal and anal are scaly and falcate, the latter slightly the
longest. The caudal fin is strongly forked, with the upper lobe
the longest, and is slightly tipped with black. The general
colouration is bright silvery, slightly darker on the back, and
with a black spot and elongate scale on the upper part of the
axil.
This species was very abundant about Cape York.
Of the many species of Mugil with which Australia abounds, all
of high reputation as edible fishes, this is decidedly the best.
342 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Another large scaled and very excellent Mugil was taken
frequently by the seine in the same place, but unfortunately those
which were kept for specimens were so injured in the rough
passage across the Gulf of Papua as to become completely useless.
ORDER II.
ACANTHOPTERYGII PhARYNGOGNATHI.
Family Pomacentrid^e.
102. — Amphiprion percula.
Tetragonopterus, No. 5, Klein. Pise. Miss. 4, p. 38, t. 11, fig. 8.
Seba. 3, p. 62, t. 26, fig. 20.
Perca, sp., Tyson in Philos. Trans. 56, p. 247, t. 7, fig. 8.
Anthias polymna, var. Bl. t. 316, fig 3.
Lutjanus polymnus, var. Lacep. 4, p. 224.
„ percula, Lacep. 4, pp. 239-248.
Amphiprion percula, Cuv. and Val. 5, p. 397. Bleek. Amb. and
Cer. p. 287. Schleg. Overz. Ainph. and in Verb. Nat. Gesch.
Nederl. Overz. Bezitt. p. 19. Steindachner. Verh. Zool. Bot.
Gisellsch. Wien., 1861, p. 78.
Amphiprion tunicatus, Cuv. and Val. 5, p. 399, pi. 132, fig. 2.
Less. Voy. Coq. Zool. Poiss. p. 192, pi. 25, fig. 3.
Amphiprion ocellaris, Cuv. and Val. 5. p. 399.
,, melarmrus, Cuv. and Val. 5, p. 400.
Found at Darnley Island.
103. — Pomacentrus littoralis.
Pomacentrus littoralis, Cuv. and Val., 5, p. 425 ; Schleg. Overz.
Amphipr., &c, in Verh, and Nat. Gesch.; Nederl. Overz. Bezibt,
p. 20, tab. 4, fig. 3 ; Bleek. Batav., p. 483.
„ pristiger, Cuv. and Val. 9, p. 506.
„ hogoluensis, Hombr. and Jacqu. Voy. Pole Sud
Poiss., p. 47, pi. 5, fig. 3.
1 Pristotis fuscus, Bleek. Verh. Batav.; Genootsch 22, Bali, p. 9.
A pretty generally distributed species. Specimens were obtained
at Cape Grenville and the Palm Islands.
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 343
104. — POMACENTRUS CHRYSURUS.
Chcetodon chrysurus, Broussouet.
Pomacentrus clirysurus, Cuv. and Val. 5, p. 423.
Common at Darnley Island.
105. — Pomacentrus obscurus.
Plate XV., fig. 2.
D. |f, A. ^. L. lat. 26.
Height of body twice and three-fourths in the total length.
Prseoperculum and infra orbital strongly denticulated. The dorsal
fin increases gradually in height posteriorly. Caudal emarginate.
Colouration greenish brown, with the ventral and anal fins black,
and a black spot margined anteriorly with white above the root of
the tail.
This species has some resemblance to P. littoralis. The exact
locality of its capture has not been recorded.
106. — Glyphidodon Bankieri.
Glyphisodon Bankieri, Rich. Ichth. Chin., p. 253.
„ nemurus, Bleeker, Borneo 2, p. 73.
Found at Cape Grenville.
New Genus, Heptadecanthus.
Body high, compressed. Prseoperculum and infraorbital finely
serrated. Teeth conical, in a single series, with minute teeth
between. Dorsal fin with seventeen spines, anal with two. Scales
moderate. The lateral line extends to the commencement of the
soft dorsal. Gills, three-and-a-half. Pseudobranchise.
107. — Heptadecanthus longicaudis.
Plate XV., Jig. 3.
D -LI A 2
Height of body more than half the length without the tail.
Snout shorter than the diameter of the eye. Mouth small and
oblkpie. Forehead convex between the eyes, and about equal in
344 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
width to the orbit. The soft dorsal and anal fins pointed behind ; the
caudal long and deeply forked ; the pectorals long, reaching almost
to the anal. Colouration dark brown (probably violet in fresh
specimens) as far as a line from the commencement of the soft
dorsal to the anal spines, behind that grey. The soft dorsal, anal,
pectoral, and caudal fins are more or less spotted with brown.
Several specimens were captured at Cape Grenville.
Family La bridge.
108. — Chaerops cyanodon.
Labrus cyanodus, Richards. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1843, 11,
p. 355.
Lachnolaimus cyanodus, Richards. Voy. Ereb. and Terr. Fishes,
p. 131, pi. 55, fig. 5.
Cape Grenville, speared by tlie natives on the reefs.
109. — Chaerops cephalotes.
Castelnau, Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 39.
Also speared at Cape Grenville.
1 10. — Chaerops notatus.
Plate XVI., Jig. 1.
Teeth green ; no posterior canine tooth. Praeoperculurn very
minutely serrated. Head as high as long. Pi'ceorbital very high.
Scales on the cheek small, numerous, and slightly imbricate.
L. lat. 29. Colouration greenish yellow, with a pale blue or pearly
centre to each scale ; a blue band from the muzzle through the
upper part of the eye to the summit of the operculum, another
beneath the eye to the operculum below the first, a third much
curved from the angle of the mouth to the operculum at the base
of the pectoral fin, and a fourth along the edge of the operculum.
There is a large black spot on the back at the base of the last two
dorsal spines, and three blue lines on the anal fin.
This species seems to resemble C. ommopterus in some respects ;
but it cannot be the same, unless the description given of that fish
in Gunther's Catalogue is very far from correct.
Speared by the natives at Cape Grenville.
of new south wales. 345
111. — Stethojulis Strigiventer.
Julis strigiventer, Benn. Proc. Zooi. Soc., 1832, p. 184 ; Cuv.
and Val. 13, p. 4GS ; Bleek. Banda 1, p. 251.
Stethojtdis strigiventer, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1861,
8, p. 386 ; Bleek. Atl. Ichth, p. 135, tab. 43, tig. 1.
One specimen was taken at Low Island. It is without a pos-
terior canine tooth.
New genus, Cheilolabrus.
Body oblong, compressed. Head compressed, obtuse, and mode-
rately elevated, with numerous non-imbricated scales on the cheek.
Two strong prominent canine teeth in each jaw in front, the upper
pair longest, with a series of short strong obtuse molar-like teeth
on each jaw behind. Praaoperculum entire. Mouth very pro-
tractile. Lips thick and fleshy, the under one forming two large
reflected flaps. Scales rather large, smaller on the thorax. Lateral
line dislocated but continuous. Dorsal spines eight. Gills three
and a half.
112. — Cheilolabrus magnilabris.
Plate XVI., fig. 2.
D. JL A. ft, L. lat. 28.
Height of body one-third of the length. Head nearly the same.
Distance between the eyes nearly double the diameter of the orbit.
Tail subtruncate. All the upper part of the body is of dark
brown, the breast orange, and the scales towards the tail have each
a blue spot. The head in front is marked by a number of blue
streaks, and thei-e is a large blue patch behind the eye. The soft
dorsal and anal fins have numerous oblique blue streaks. The
lateral line descends perpendicularly on two scales opposite the
posterior third of the soft dorsal, and terminates on the tail at the
third scale from the last.
This fish was obtained from the natives at Darnley Island.
1 1 3~. — Pseudoscarus rivulatus.
Scarus fasciatus, Cuv. and Val. 14, p. 222.
„ rindatus, Cuv. and Val. 14, p. 223.
346 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Scarus rivulatoicles, Bleek. Verhand. Batav. Gen. 22, Labr.
Cyll., p. 55.
,, micrognathias, Bleek. 1. c, p. 56.
Pseudocarus rivulatus, Bleek. Atl. Ichth., p. 44, tab. 9, fig! 3.
Got from the natives at Cape Grenville.
1 1 4. — PSEUDOSCARUS PLAVOLINEATUS.
Plate XVI., fig. 3.
Two series of scales on the cheek— -the lower with six scales,
and two scales on the prreopercular limb. Upper lip nearly
covering the jaw, which is white. Two horizontal conical teeth
on the back part of the upper jaw, and one on the lower.
Thirteen pectoral rays. Dorsal spines equal. Colouration, greenish
olive towards the back; greenish yellow below, with many undir
lating longitudinal yellow streaks about the mouth and forehead.
The soft dorsal is spotted with yellow at the base, and has a long
ovate brown-edged spot between each ray. Both it and the anal
fin have a submarginal dark streak with a pale margin.
Procured from the aborigines at Cape Grenville. With one or
two exceptions all the Labridse of the expedition were got in the
same way.
1 1 5. — PSEUDOSCARUS NUDIROSTRIS.
plate XVII., fig. 1.
More elongate than the preceding species. Two series of scales
on the cheek, and two scales on the prajojDercular limb. Jaws,
whitish, almost entirely uncovered by the lips. No lateral hori-
zontal teeth. Fourteen pectoral rays. Dorsal spines equal.
Caudal fin subtruncate, a little lobed at the upper angle. Colour-
ation, olive above, golden yellow below, with a submarginal dark
streak on the soft dorsal and anal fins, and a large brown spot on
the upper and lower terminal scale on the tail.
Hob. Cape Grenville.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 347
ORDER III.
Anacanthini.
Family Ophidiid^e.
11C. — FlERASFER HOMEI.
Oxybeles Homei, Richai'ds. Voy. Ereb. and Terr., Fishes, p. 74,
pi. 44, figs. 7-18.
„ brandesii, Bleek, Verh. Batav. Genootsch 24, Chiroe.,
&c, p. 24. Natuurk. Tydschr. Neclerl. Ind. 1, p. 276, figs. 1-3-7,
pp. 162-495.
Two specimens of this fish were vomited by a Holothuria
dredged in Trinity Bay. The species was first described by
Richardson, from a specimen presented by Sir Edward Home
to the College of Surgeons, which had been got in the same
way from a Holothuria, dredged up at Timor. Gunther's Cata-
logue mentions eight other species of this remarkable genus, and
it would appear from what is known of their habits that they all
obtain their living within the body of Echinodermata, though it
is still a matter of doubt whether they occupy the respiratory or
digestive cavities of their hosts.
Family Pleuronectid/e.
117. — Pardachirus pavoninus.
Achirus pavoninus, Lacep. 4, pp. 658-661. Cant. Cat., p. 225.
Bleek. Verh. and Batav. Gen. 24, Pleuron., p. 18.
Phitronectes pavoninus, Shaw. Zool. 4, p. 310.
Found at Cape Grenville and at Cape Yoi'k.
ORDER IV.
Physostomi.
Family Silurid.e.
118. — Cnidoglanis lepturus.
Gunth. Cat. Fishes, Brit. Mus., vol. 5, p. 28.
Locality of capture not noted.
348 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
119. Arius THALASSINUS.
Deddijella, Russ. Fish. Ceram., pi. 169.
Bagius thallassinus, Rtipp. N.W. Fische, p. 75, tab. 20, fig. 2.
,, bilineatus, Cuv. and Val. 14, p. 434.
„ netuma, Cuv. and Val. 14, p. 438, pi. 417.
? Bagrus laevigatus, Cuv. and Val. 14, p. 439.
Arius nasutus, Cuv. and Val. 15, p. 60; Bleek Verb.. Bat. Gen.
21 Silur., p. 31.
Bagrus rhodonotics, Bleek. I.e., p. 29.
,, carcliariorliynchus, Bleek I.e., p. 30.
Netuma nasuta, Bleek. Prodr. Silur., p. 95 ; and Atl. Ichth.
Silur., tab. 61.
,, thalassina, Bleek Atl. Ichth. Silur., p. 28.
This fish was found almost everywhere in Torres Straits and
New Guinea. Those caught off Katow were two feet long.
Family Scopelid^e.
120. — Saurida tumbil.
Sooner, Valent., fig. 131 ; Renard 1, fig. 149.
Lacertus peregrinus, Rondel, de Pise 15, cap. 9, p. 428.
Badi mottah, Russell, tab. 172.
Salmo tumbil, Block 9, p. 112, tab. 430; Bl. Schn., p. 405.
Saurusbadimottah,Q\\\T. Regne. Anim.; Riippell, NeueWirbelth.
Fische, p. 77 ; Cant. Mai. Fish., p. 270.
Saurida tombil, Cuv. and Val. 22, p. 500 ; Bleek Verb. Batav.
Gen. 24, Chir., p. 20.
One specimen ; locality of capture unknown.
121. — Saurida grandisquamis.
Gunth. Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 5, p. 400.
Taken at Cape Grenville.
Family Scombresocidae.
122. — Belone melanotus.
Belone melanotus, Bleek. Natuurk. Tydschr. Nederl. Ind. 1, p.
94 ; or Verh. Gen. 24, Sneek. Cisseh., p. 14.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 349
M ' astacembelus crocodilus, Bleek. Nederl. Tydschr. Dierk. 3 (not
syn.)
Taken at Cape York.
123. — Belone annulata.
Russell, pi. 175.
? Belone medica, Lessueur Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 2,
1821, p. 131.
Belone annulata, Cuv. and Val. 18, p. 447, pi. 550; Cant. Mai.
Fish., p. 244 ; Day. Fish. Malab., p. 165.
„ gigantea, Schleg. Faun. Japon. Poiss., p. 245 ; Bleek.
Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-Nederl. 3, Japan, p. 2.1.
1 „ melanurus, Bleek. Verh. Batav. Gen. 22 Madur., p. 11.
1 „ ci/linclrica, Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. 24 Snoek., p. 13.
'I „ brachyrhynclms, Bleek. Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Ind. 6, p. 61
(young).
Mastacembelus choram., Bleek. Nederl. Tydschr. Dierk. 3
(young).
Found at the Percy Islands and Cape York, over three feet
long.
124. — Hemiramphijs marginatum
Esox marg'matus, Forsk. Descr. Anim., p. 67 ; Riipp. N.W.
Fische, p. 73.
? Hemiramphus brevirostris, Cuv. Regne. Anim. ; Bleek. Verh.
Batav. Gen. 24 Snoek., p. 1 7.
„ hitkei, Cuv. and Val. 1 9, p. 49.
,, marginatum, Bleek. Ned. Tydschr. Dierk. 3,
p. 148.
Taken at the Palm Islands.
125. — Hemiramphus Commersonii.
Valent., fig. 318; Renard. 2, tab. 5, fig. 2.
Acus sp., Will. Hist. Pise, tab. p., tig. 3.
Far, Forsk. Descr. Anim., p. G7.
Esox esjxidjrt, var. Lacep. 5, pi. 7, fig. 3.
350 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Hemiramphus Commersonii, Cuv. Regue. Anim. ; Cuv. and
Val. 19, p. 28; Bleek. Verli. Batav. Gen. 24 Snoek., p. 17.
„ far, Riipp. N.W. Fische, p. 74.
This fish was abundant about Cape York, and was found in
Greater or less number wherever the seine was hauled. It is a
large and handsome species, but very inferior as an article of diet
to the common Sydney gar fish.
1 26. — Hemiramphus Quoyt.
Cuv. and Val. 19, p. 26 ; Bleek. Nat. Tydschr. Nederl. Ind. 2,
p. 491 j Cop. in Verh. Bat. Gen. 24 Snoek., p. 26 ; and Ned.
Tydschr. Dierk. 3, p. 153.
This species was only found at Hall Sound, New Guinea.
127. EXOCXELUS NIGRIPINNIS.
Cuv. and Val. 19, p. 108 ; Cant. Mai. Fish., p. 250 ; Bleek.
Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-Nederl. 2, Amboina 8, p. 86; and Ned.
Tydschr. Dierk. 3, p. 120.
The only specimens taken of this flying fish are from the
Warrior Reef, but it was seen almost everywhere.
Family Clupeid^e.
128. — Clupea tembang.
SprateUa fimbriate, Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. 24 Haring, p. 27
(not Ciiv. and Val.)
Clupea gibbosa, Bleek. Journ. Ind. Archip., 1849, Celebes.
SprateUa tembang, Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. 24 Haring, p. 28 ;
or Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Ind. 3, p. 774.
Three specimens of this pretty little herring were vomited by a
booby at Bramble Cay. They are under six inches in length, and
are probably immature.
1 29. — Spratelloides delicatulus.
Clupea delicatula, Benn. Proc. Coram. Zool. Soc. I, p. 168.
macassariensis, Bleek. Journ. Ind. Archip., 1849, p. 72.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 351
Clupeoides macassariensis, Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. 24 Having,
p. 17; or Nat. Tyclschr. Ned. Ind. 3, p. 772.
This fish was seen in enormous shoals at Darnley Island during
the fortnight which the Chevert lay there. At that time — the
early part of August, 1875 — the whole northern shore of the
Island was literally black with them, and there would have
been no difficulty, with proper appliances, in preserving hundreds
of tons of these finest of all sardines.
Family Chirocentrid.e.
130. — Chirocentrus dorab.
Glupea dorab, Forsk. Dascr. An. p. 72, Lacep. 5. p. -125, Russell.
2, pi. 199.
„ dentex, Bl. Schn., p. 428.
Esox chirocentrus, Lacep. 5, p. 296.
Chirocentrus dorab, Guv. Regne. Anim. Riipp. N. W. Fische,
p. 18. Richards. Ichth. Chin., p. 311. Cuv. and Val. 19, p. 150,
pi. 565. Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. 22, Madura, p. 6. Cant. Mai.
Fish., p. 277. Day. Fish. Malabar, p. 233.
„ hypselosoma, Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. 24, Chiroc, p.
25, or Nat. Tyclschr. Ned. Ind. 3, p. 71.
One specimen, three feet long, was taken in the seine at Cape
York.
Family Mur,enid.e.
131. — Conger marginatus.
1 Murcena tota cinerea, Forsk. p. 22, No. 9.
? Conger cinereus, Riipp. Atl. Fische, p. 115, pi. 24, fig. 1.
Conger marginatus, Valenc. in Voy. Bon. Poiss, p. 201, pi. 9,
fig. 1.
„ altipinnis, Kaup. in Wiegm. Arch. 22, p. 72, or Apod,
p. 114. Gunth. in Fish. Zang., p. 125.
,, noordzicki, Bleek. Act. Soc. Sc. Ind. Nederl. 2,
Amboyna, 8, p. 86, or Atl. Ichth. Mur., p. 26, pi. 23, fig. 2.
One specimen from Low Island Reef.
352 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
132. MuR.ENA UNDULATA.
Miarenophis undulata, Lacep. 5, pp. 629-644.
Murcena cancellata, Richards. Voy. Ereb. and Terr. Fish., p. 87,
pi. 46, tigs. 1-5. Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. 25, Mur. p. 74, or Nat.
Tydschr. Ned. Ind. 5, p. 531, and 8, p. 326.
„ Valenciennii, Eyd. and Soul. Voy. Bonite. Poiss, p.
207, pi. 8, fig. 1.
,, Agassizi, Bleek, Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Ind. 8, p. 458.
Thyrsoidea cancellata, Kaup. Apod, p. 76, fig. 59.
Gymnothorax cancellatus, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Mur., p. 93, tab.
32, fig. 3; tab. 33, fig. 2; tab. 30, fig. 1. Kner. Novava. Fische.,
p. 384.
„ Agassizi, Bleek. 1. c, p. 95, tab. 41, fig. 2.
Murcena nwbila, Gunth. Fish. Zauz., p. 127.
Found on the reef, Low Island.
133. — MuRvENA NEBULOSA.
Seba. 2, tab. 69, figs. 1, 17.
Murcena nebulosa, Ahl. De Mur. et Opeiht., p. 5, tab. 1, fig. 2.
Gymnothorax nebulosus, Bl. Schn., p. 528.
,, echidna, Bl. Schn., p. 526.
Echidna variegata, Forst. desc. An. ed Licht., p. 181. Bleek.
Atl. Ichth. Mur., p. 80, tab. 24, fig. 2.
Murcena ophis, Riipp. Atl. Fische., p. 116, tab. 29, fig. 2.
Rich. Voy. Ereb. and Terr. Fish., p. lJ3.
Tharodontis 0})his, M'Clell. late Journ. Nat. Hist. 5, p. 217.
Murcena variegata, Richards. Voy. Ereb. and Terr. Fish., p. 94,
pi. 47, figs. 1116. Bleek. Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Ind. 3, p. 295, or
Verh. Bat. Gen. 25, Mur., p. 47. Peters. Wiegra. Arch. 1855, p. 270.
Paecilophis variegata, Kaup. Apod., p. 98, tab. 13, fig. 67.
Kner. No vara, Fisch. p. 381.
Found on all reefs.
#
134. — Murcena pseudothyrsoidea.
Murcena pseudothyrsoidea, Bleek. Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Ind. 3,
p. 778, or Verh. Bat. Gen. 25, Mur., p. 44.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 353
Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoidea, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Mur., p. 104,
pi. 46, fig. 2.
Found on the reefs at Darnley Island.
135. MlJR.ENA FIMBRIATA.
MurcBim ', fimbriate/,, Benn. Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. 1, 1831, p. 168.
Murcena bullata, Richards. Voy. Ereb. and Terr. Fish., p. 86 ;
Kaup. Apod., p. 81, fig. 60.
,, isingleena, Bleek. Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Ind. 9, p. 277
(not Richardson).
,, isingleenoides, Bleek. Verb.. Bat. Gen. 25, Mur. p. 48.
Gymnothorax isingleenoides, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Mur. p. 91, pi. 35,
fig. 1, pi. 36, fig. 1. (Colouration of anal fin incorrect).
On reefs in Torres Straits.
136. — MUR.ENA MELANOSPILA.
Murcena melanospilos, Bleek. Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Ind. 9, p. 279.
Gymnothorax melanospilos, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Mur., p. 90, pi. 42,
fig. 1.
Found at Darnley Island.
ORDER V.
lophobranchii.
Family Sygnathid.e.
137. ichthyocampus maculatus.
Plate XVII., fig. 2.
D. 25. Osseus rings 20 x 57.
Very elongate. Operculum without ridge. Snout more than
half the length of the head. A prominence on the occiput. Body
rather deeper than broad, with the ridges well defined. Tail twice
as long as the trunk, or nearly so. Dorsal fin standing on six
rings, three of which belong to tho body. Caudal fin very minute.
Colouration in spirits brownish, with a yellow spot on each ring of
the body below the lateral line.
One specimen was got at Darnley Island. Its length is eleven
inches, and its depth at the deepest part scarcely over two lines.
354 the proceedings op the linnean society
138. — Gastrotokeus biaculeatus.
Valent. Amb. 3, p. 500, No. 481 ; Renard, fig. 73.
Sygnathus biaculeatus, Bl. Ausl. Fisch. 4, p. 10, tab. 121, figs.
1 and 2 ; Bl. Schn., pi 515, tab. 107 ; Cant. Mai. Fish, p. 387.
,, tetragonus, L Gm. 1, p. 1453 ; Lacep. 2, p. 42.
Sygnathoides Blochii, Bleek. Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Ind. 2, p. 259.
Solegnathus Blochii, Bleek. Verb. Bat. Gen. 25, Trosk., p. 24.
G aster otokeus biaculeatus, Kaup. Soph. p. 19.
A number of this curious fish were taken in the seine in Hall
Sound, New Guinea.
139. — Hippocampus Nov^e Hollandle.
Steindaclmer, Sitzgber. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1866, 53, p. 471, taf.
1, fig- 2.
One specimen. Place of capture not indicated.
ORDER VI.
Plectognathi.
Family Sclerodermi.
140. — Triacanthus biaculeatus.
Balistes biaculeatus, Bl., tab. 148, fig. 2.
Triacanthus biaculeatus, Cuv. Regn. Anim.; Cant. Mai. Fish.,
p. 360 ; 1 Day Fish. Malabar, p. 260.
,, oxycephalus, Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. 24, Balist. p.
27, tab. 5, fig. 10 ; or Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Ind. 2, p. 496 ; or, Atl.
Ichth. 5. p. 80. Balist. pi. 6, fig. 3.
,, Blochii, Bleek. Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Ind. 3, p. 81 ;
or Atl. Ichth. 5, p. 89, Balist. pi. 3, fig. 1 ; Kner. Novara, Fische,
p. 394.
,, angustifrons, Hollard, Ann. Sc. Nat., 1854, 1, p. 45,
pi. 2, fig. 2.
,, macrurus, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. 5, p. 91, Balist. pi. 8,
fig. 3.
Abundant about Cape York.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 355
141 . — MoNACANTHUS ClIEVERTI.
Plate XVII. , fig. 3.
D. 1^-24, A. 21.
Dorsal spine rough, but without barbs. Ventral spine present
and moveable. Scales not very small. On each side, on, and in
advance of the tail are two and a half series of black-rooted and
recurved spines. Height of body, one-half of the length without
the caudal tin. Distance from snout to eye, one-third of the total
length. Dorsal spine taking its rise close behind the vertical
from the pectoral, which is perpendicular to the hinder margin of
the eye, and has fourteen rays. Dorsal and anal fins sub-elevated
and equal. Caudal fin rounded, the tail being constricted above
and below. Colouration yellowish, with an anal spot, a large
patch above the median lateral line with two oblique bands
extending to the dorsal fin, the dorsal spine, a band between the
eyes extending on each side to the root of the pectorals, and four
or five oblique parallel streaks of different thicknesses from the
supra-median patch to the anal tin, black. There are also three
narrow blue streaks from the eye to the base of the pectorals, and
one surrounding the upper part of the mouth.
It is rather curious that this very peculiarly marked species of
Monacanthus has an almost counterpart in the closely allied genus
Balistes. B. Aculeatus has not only the markings very similar,
but the number of rays in the dorsal and anal fins closely
correspond. On the other hand, the present species, though
undoubtedly a Monacanthus as far as generic characters are
concerned, presents no resemblance to any other known species of
the genus. Can it be that the characters on which the genera
have been founded are not of such importance as Ichthyologists
seem to imagine.
142. — OSTRACION CUBICUS.
Ostracion prior, Aldrov. 4, c. 19, p. 560; Johnston, p. 125, tab.
25; fig. 7; Willoughby Append., p. 20, tab. L 10 and I. 12;
Valent., p. 386, fig. 120 ; Seba., tab. 24, fig. 11.
356 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Ostracion sp., Artedi Synon., p. 85 ; No. 8 and p. 84 ; No. 6 ;
Genera, pp. 55-56, Nos. 1 and 4 ; Gronov. Mus. 1, p. 54, No.
119 ; Zoophyl., p. 44, No. 173.
Osracion tetragonus, L. Mus. Ad. Fred., p. 59; Bleek. Atl.
Ichth. Ostrac, p. 39, pi. 1, fig. 2, and pi. 3, tig. 2 ; Gunth. in Fish.
Zanz., p. 129; Day Fish. Malab., p. 254.
„ tuberculatus, L. Syst. Nat. 1, p. 409.
„ cubicus, L. I.e., p. 410; Bloch. Ausl. Fisch. 1., p. 115,
tab. 137; Lacep. 1, p. 461, pi. 22, fig. 1 ; Riipp. Atl. Fisch., p.
3 ; Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. 24; Balist., p. 35, pi. 7, fig. 14 ; Lefebr.
Voy. Poiss., p. 238, pi. 8; Hollard. Ann. Sc. Nat., 1857, 7, p.
162.
Abu sencluk, Forsk. Descr. An., p. 17, No. 48.
Ostracion deax-tubercules, Lacep. 1, p. 459.
„ bi-tuberculatus, Bl. Schn., p. 501.
„ cyanurus, Riipp. Atl. Fische, p. 4, taf. 1, fig. 2;
Hollard Ann. Sc. Nat., 1157, 7, p. 167.
„ Argus, Riipp. I.e., fig. 1.
? Ostracion maculatus, Quoy. and Gaiin. Voy. Uran. Zool., p.
218.
Ostracion immaculatus, Schleg. Faun. Japon. Poiss., p. 296 ;
Bleek. Nat. Ichth. Japan, p. 55 ; Brev. Nat. Jap. Fish., p. 284.
tesserula, Bleek. Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Ind. 3, p. 305.
Frequently taken in the net about Cape York.
Family Gymnodontes.
143. — Tetrodon virgatus.
Rich. Voy. Ereb. and Terr. Fish., p. 62, pi. 39, figs. 8 and 9,
and Voy. Herald Zool. p. 163, pi. 28, figs. 6 and 8. Bleek.
Verh. Bat. Gen. 26, Blootk. p. 24, or Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Ind.,
3, p. 299.
Tetrodon manillensis, Proce, Bull. Philom., 1822, p. 130.
Holacanthus pihsus, Gronov. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 28.
Dibolomycter lotigicuadus, Bibron. Guer. Rev. Zool., 1865, p.
279.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 357
Crayracion manillensis, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Gyrnnod., p. 60, pi.
4, fig. 2.
Gunther in his Catalogue makes this species a variety of
Tetrodon immaculatus, Lacep., and gives a very long list of
synonyms. It was found at almost every place visited by the
Chevert.
144. — Tetrodon scelaratus..
Tetrodon sceleratus (Forst.) Gm. L. 1, p. 1444. Bl. Schn. p.
506. L-acep. 1, pp. 476-508.
Tetrodon argenteus, Lacep. Ann. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. 4, 1804, p.
211, pi. 58, fig. 2. Sehleg. Faun. Japon. Poiss. p. 275, pi. 121,
fig. 2. Bleek. Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Ind. 3, p. 737, and Atl.
Ichth. Gymnocl., p. 64, pi. 5, fig. 1.
Tetrodon argyropleura, Benn. Proc. Conmi. Zool. Soc. 2, 1832,
p. 184.
Tetrodon argentatus, Blyth in Kelaarb's Prodr. Faun. Zeyl. 1,
Append, p. 49.
Promecocephalus argentatus, Bibron. Brev. Zool. 1855, p. 279.
Tetraodon bicolor, Brev. Nat. Japan Fish. p. 283.
Taken at Hall Sound and Cape York.
145. — Tetrodon oblongus.
Tetraodon oblongus, Bl. Ausl. Fisch. 2, p. 6, t. 146, fig. 1.
Lacep. 1, pp. 476-502. Bl. Schn. p. 504. Cant. Mai. Fish. p.
380. Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. 24, Blootk. p. 12, and Atl. Ichth.
Gymnod. p. 62, pi. 4, fig. 4.
Physogabter oblongus, Miiller Abhaml. Ac. Wiss. Berlin, 1839,
p. 252.
Tetraodon alboplumbeus, Rich. Voy. Sulph. Ichth. p. 121, pi.
58, figs. 6 and 7, and Ichth. Chin. p. 199. Bleek. 1. c. p. 62, pi.
1, fig. 1.
Tetraodon poecilonotus, Sehleg. Faun. Japan. Poiss. p. 270, pi.
124, fig. 2.
Tetraodon patoca, Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. 24, Blootk. p. 11.
358 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Gastro2)hysus alboplumbeus, Bleek. Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Ind. 7,
p. 104.
Tetraodon niveatus, Brevoort, Jap. Fish. p. 284.
Tetraodon Hartlaubii, Bianconi. Mem. Acad. Bologn. 6, p. 146,
pi. 2, fig. 1.
Gastrophysus microphthahnus, Blyth. Journal. As. Soc. Beng.
29, 1861, p. 174.
We are not quite certain as to the identity of this species ; our
specimens are small — not exceeding four inches in length— and
the spots have more of an ocellated appearance than accords with
the descriptions. They were taken at Hall Sound.
We have now — with the exception of a few species inad-
vertently omitted and a number exceedingly minute, and probably
immatui'e, which we have intentionally passed over — completed
the Teleosteous fishes in the collection. The sharks and rays, of
which there are a considerable number, will probably be made the
subject of another paper, but we have no immediate intention
of proceeding with the investigation of them.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Plate X.
Fig.
1. Caranx Chevcrti, § nat. *ize.
2. ,, laticandis, j nat. size.
3. ,, Papuensis, ^ nat. size.
Plate XL
1. Caranx buccidantus, £ nat. size.
2. ,, edentidus, J nat. size.
3. Periophthalmus Australia, g nat. size.
Plate XII.
1. Gobius Damleyensis, nat. size.
2. ,, nigripinnis, nat. size.
3. Apocryptes lineatus, nat. she.
4. Gobiodun verticalis, nat. skc.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
359
Plate XIII.
1. Eleotris elongata, nat. size.
2. Salarias lineolata, nat. size.
3. ,, geminatus, nat. size.
4. ,, irroratus, nat. size.
Plate XIV.
1. Salarias Jilamentosus, nat. size.
2. ,, auridens, nat. size.
3. ,, cristiceps, nat. size.
Plate XV.
1. Mugil delicatus, \ nat. size.
2. Pomacentrus obseurus, nat. size.
3. Heptadecanthus longicaudis, nat. size.
Plate XVI.
1. Chaerops notatus, g nat. size.
2. Cheilolabrus magnilabris, |- nat. size.
3. Pseudoscarus flavolineatus, J nat. size.
Plate XVII.
1. Psendoscarus nudirostris, ^ nat. size.
2. Ielithyocampus maculatus, § nat. size.
3. Moneanthus Cheverti, i nat. size.
Description of a supposed New Species of Rock Wallaby from the
Palm Islands, on the North-east Coast of Australia, proposed
to be called Petrogale assimilis. By E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S.,
Curator of the Australian Museum, Sydney.
It having been proposed by Mr. Wm. Macleay that I should
examine the collection of mammals obtained during the Chevert
expedition, with a view of reporting thei'eon and desciibing any
new species it might contain, I beg leave to lay before the Society
this evening a description of what I believe to he a new species of
Rock Wallaby, of the genus Petrogale. As the specimen is at pre-
360 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
sent unique, and the skull and teeth cannot easily be examined
without risk of deterioration, I can make no remarks on those
organs. I have only to add, then, that the specimen is a skin of a
female, apparently adult, and, like most if not all of the skins
obtained during the expedition, very beautifully prepared.
Petrogale assimilis, sp. NOV.
A dult female. Fur thi ck and close set, of medium length ; general
color of a dark ashy grey above, mingled with a few rusty hairs
on the rump and hinder part of thighs, sides a little lighter, under
surface lightest, inclining to white ashy grey ; lips, chin and chest
ashy white ; tail of media in length, black, the hairs harsh, a little
long at the tip, where they form an inconspicuous tuft; base of the
tail rusty, paler on the sides and darkest above, the under part
being ashy brown ; hind feet brownish, becoming blackish on the
toes where the hairs are a little longer, but do not conceal the nails,
which are short ; forelegs greyish, inclining to rusty in front, dark
chocolate brown on the inner side, hands dark chocolate brown,
hairs short, nails long, slender ; head greyish brown, cheek mark
faint, of an ashy tinge, also a faint light ashy mark over the eye in
front; cheek stripe indistinct, extending from the lips to the base
of the ears ; hair on the margin and inside of the ears and the apex
of a light cream colour, externally dark ashy brown. The hair
radiating from behind the ears on the nape of the neck is directed
forwards and downwards towards the cheek ; between the ears it
forms a ridge which extends forwards to opposite the eyes, the tips
of the hairs here forming a black line. The basal portion of the
fur of the back is of a dark blackish brown, with a chocolate tinge,
the upper portion ashy, with the tips blackish ; the hairs are a
little longer on the sides, but few have the blackish tips ; a small
patch on the inner side of the forearm of a uniform dark chocolate
brown. The ears are small and rather elongated ; the hind limbs
and tail rather short ; the fore limbs long, slender — nails long)
pointed, weak ; the tarsi and hands clothed with short hair.
Total length, three feet ; tail, 1G inches; hind limbs about 12
inches; the foot, 5-3; longest toe, 2-1, its nail, 0'3; fore limbs
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 361
about 7'7 inches; longest finger, 1*1 in., its nail, 0-5 ; length of
head, 4-2 in. ; width across forehead, 2 inches; from snout to
centre of orbit 2"1 ; to base of ear, 3'7 ; ears, length, 2 in. x 1.
This species is more closely allied to Petrogale penicillata (Gray}
than to any other that I know of; but may be easily distinguished
from that animal in being much smaller, in having a shorter tail,
more slender fore limbs, shorter fur, and by the absence of the side
stripe ;* the eai-s also are smaller and comparatively narrow; the
tail and feet are not clothed with the long harsh hairs so con-
spicuous in P. penicillata; nor is there any rufous on the under
surface. I do not find, either, any indication of a curled patch of
hair on the nape or shoulders of any specimens of Petrogale peni-
cillata that I have examined ; nor of the ridge of hair on the head.
The present species was obtained on the Palm Island, on the
North-east coast, near Cleveland Bay, during the voyage of the
Ch evert, and was, I believe, the only specimen obtained ; sex,
female.
Mr. Masters exhibited nests of Geobasileus reguloides, and
chrysorrhous, with specimens of the birds and eggs of each species.
The nests were dome-shaped, with the openings on one side, and
each with an additional open nest on the top. Mr. Masters stated
that Mr. Gould had noticed this peculiarity in one of the species
(chryssorhous), but without having any suspicion of the use for
which it was intended. He said that he was now in a position to
explain the use of this double nest. During this spring, a brood
had been actually brought out from one of the nests exhibited
(that of G. reguloides), at Mr. Shephei'd's nursery, at Chatsworth,
Rope Creek. The nest was in an orange tree, close to a shed
where the men were constantly at work, and it was generally
observed that during the process of incubation the male frequently
* A specimen in the Australian Museum, which may be referable to this
species, has a short white patch running from behind the shoulder toward
the abdomen.
362 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
occupied the upper nest during the day, keeping up a constant
warbling, and i-oosted there regularly at night. It appears now
that both species have similar habits.
Mr. Masters also exhibited a nest of Gerygone albogularis,
containing two eggs of its own, and one of a bronze cuckoo
{Lamprococcyx plagosus). He also exhibited a stuffed specimen
of the cuckoo, to show how apparently impossible it is for a bird
of that size to introduce its egg into a nest with such a small
opening. He stated that the general opinion, though it was in
no way proved, was that the bird used its beak for the purpose.
MONDAY, 27th DECEMBER,, 1876.
William Macleay, F.L.S., President, in the chair.
The Hon. Secretary exhibited some specimens of Fossil Bones of
a species of Halmaturus, from Darling Downs, procured by F. H.
Cockburn Hood, Esq., F.G.S.
The following papers were read : —
Continuation of the Mollusca of the Chevert Expedition. By
J. Brazier, C.M.Z.S., Cor. Mem. Roy. Soc. Tas.
Family Littorinid^e.
1. LlTTORINA PICTA.
Littorina picta, Phillippi, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, p.
139.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 15, Littorina, fig. 81.
Hah. Mud Bay, Cape York ; found during very low water, on
the rocks.
2. — Littorina intermedia.
Littorina intermedia, Philippi, Proc. Zoo!. Soc. London, 1845,
p. 141.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 15, sp. 101.
Hub. Mud Bay, Cape York, North Australia ; found with
Littorina picta.
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 363
3. LlTTORINA UNDULATA.
Littorina undulata, Gray, Zool. Beechey's Voyage, p. 140.
„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 13, sp. 67, a, b, d.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on the reefs.
4. — Littorina nebulosa.
Phasinella nebulosa, Lam. Aniin. Sans. Vert., tome 7, p. 54.
Littorina nebulosa, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 11, sp. 55, a, b.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, Brazier. Honduras,
Reeve.
6. — Littorina melanacme.
Littorina melanacme, E. Smith, British Museum.
Hab. Barrow Island, North-east of Australia.
This species was described by Mr. Edgar Smith, of the British
Museum, from specimens collected by me at Makeira Harbour,
San Christoval Island, Solomon's Archipelago ; found also at
Fitzroy Island, North-east Australia, when in the Eclipse
Expedition of 1871.
7. — Littorina scabra.
Helix scabra, Linn.
Littorina scabra, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 5, sp. 21a.
Hab. Mud Bay, Cape York, North-east A ustralia ; Garden
Island and Rushcutter Bay, Port Jackson. Found on Mangrove
trees.
8. — Littorina (Tectarius) Malaccana.
Littorina Malaccana, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch., vol.
3, p. 15, pi. 6, fig. 17.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; two specimens were
found in the crevice of a block of coral. Fitzroy Island, North-
east Australia. At the north eud of the above island I found
this species very common in 1871, in regular clusters on the
granite boulders,
, -^
364 the proceedings of the linnean society
Family Planaxid^e.
9. — Planaxis sulcata.
Planaxis sulcata, Lam. Anim. Sans. Vert., tome 7, p. 51.
„ sulcatus, Chenu. Manuel de Conch., part 1, p. 303,
fig. 2143.
Hab. Dungeness and Darnley Islands, Torres Straits.
10. — Planaxis zonata.
Planaxis zonata, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851,
p. 271.
Sab. Nepean Island, Torres Straits ; found on the reef under
coral.
11. — QUOYI DECOLLATA.
Planaxis decollatus, Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. d l'Astrolabe,
vol. 2, pi. 33, fig. 33-34.
Quoyi decollata, Chenu. Manuel de Conch, part 1, p. 304, fig.
2147.
Bab. Darnley and Long Islands, Torres Sti-aits.
Family Rissoid.e.
12. — Rissoina clatharata.
Rissoina clatharata, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851,
p. 265.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits; 15-20 fathoms, sandy
bottom. Oualan, or Strong's Island ; found on the reefs under
coral.
13. — Rissoina nodicincta.
Rissoina nodicincta, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851,
p. 266.
Hab. Albany Passage, Cape York, North Australia, 11
fathoms, sandy mud bottom. Darnley Island, Torres Straits,
25-30 fathoms, white sand bottom. Katow, New Guinea, 8
fathoms, sandy mud bottom.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 3G5
14. — R.ISSOINA SCALAKIANA.
Rissoina scalariana, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. '265.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sand bottom.
15. RlSSOINA GIGANTEA.
Rissoina gigantea, Deshayes.
,, Cumingii, Reeve, H. and A. Ad. Recent Moll., vol. 3,
pi. 35, tig. 1.
,, gigantea, Cross, Journal de Conch., 1861, vol. 9, 3rd
series, p. 309.
Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea. One fine specimen found on
the reef under a stone.
16. — Rissoina Montrouzieri.
Rissoina Montrouzieri, Souverbie, Journal de Conch., 1862, vol.
10, 3rd series, p. 237, pi. 9, fig. 5.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found under stones.
Bet Island • found on sand beaches after gale. Noumea, New
Caledonia (Brazier).
17. — Rissoina exasperata.
Rissoina exasperata, Souverbie, Journal de Conch., 1866, vol.
14, p. 259, pi. 9, fig. 10.
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia ; found on the reefs
under coral and stones. Dainley Island, Torres Straits ; under
stones, and at 25 fathoms, sandy mud bottom.
18. — Rissoina, sp. 1
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 8 fathoms, mud bottom. One
specimen found dead and sea worn.
19. — Rissoina. sp. /
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 8 fathoms, mud bottom One
specimen found dead and sea worn,
36G THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
20. — RlSSOINA. SP. 1
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 8 fathoms, mud bottom. Cape
York, Mud Bay, North Australia, 4 fathoms, mud bottom. Off
York Island, Torres Straits, 13 fathoms, hard yellow mud bottom.
Specimens all dead and sea worn.
21. — RlSSOINA. SP. %
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 25 fathoms, sandy
mud. One specimen found dead and sea worn.
22. — Rissoina. sp. 1
Hab. Warrior Island, Torres Straits. Two specimens found in
shell sand, dead and worn.
23. — Rissoina. sp. 1
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 25 fathoms, sandy mud.
Specimens dead and sea worn.
24. — Rissoina. sp. 1
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 25 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom. One specimen found dead and sea worn.
25. — Rissoina. sp. ]
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 25 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom. One specimen found dead and sea worn.
26. — Rissoina efficata. n. sp.
Shell elongate, solid, white, smooth ; whorls 7, flattened, the
three upper having two spiral granulated ridges on the centre of
the whorls ; suture deep, aperture semiovate ; inner lip moderately
callous, outer lip very much thickened, white, slightly sinuated
anteriorly.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 367
Length, 4 lines; breadth, 1| line.
Hob. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-east Australia ; found
under blocks of coral.
27. ElSSOINA TERES. N. SP.
Shell narrowly elongate, somewhat solid, white ; whorls 7,
flattened, finely cancellated, the last obtusely keeled below the
centre ; suture fine, spire acuminate, apex acute, aperture semi-
ovate, white, slightly callous ; outer lip dilated and thickened,
slightly channelled above, moderately sinuated anteriorly.
Length, 3 1 lines ; breadth, Inline.
Hob. Mud Bay, Cape York, North Australia, 4 fathoms. Bet
Island, Torres Straits, 1 1 fathoms, sandy mud. West side of
"Warrior Reef, 8 fathoms, hard mud bottom. Off Katow, New
Guinea, 8 fathoms, sandy mud bottom. Specimens not in very
good condition.
28. — KlSSOINA PULCHELLA.
Shell elongate, solid, whitish, longitudinally finely ribbed, ribs
smooth ; interstices transversely minutely lirate, only seen with
the lens ; whorls 8, slightly convex ; spire acuminate, apex acute,
aperture subovate ; inner lip with thickened callus, outer lip
thickened internally, ivory white, expanded and deeply sinuated
anteriorly.
Length, 3| lines ; breadth, \\ line.
Bab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-east Australia , Home
Islands, off Cape Grenville. Found on the reefs under coral.
29. RlSSOINA INERMIS. N. SP.
Shell elongate, thin, shiny, white, minutely cancellated ; whorls
7|, flat, the last roundly convex ; suture distinct, spire acuminate,
apex acute, white, smooth ; aperture ovate j inner lip thickened
with thin plate of callus, outer lip thickened and expanded,
reflected, little sinuated anteriorly.
Length, 3 lines ; breadth, 1\ line.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy
bottom.
368 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
30. RlSSOINA CARDINALIS. N. SP.
Shell somewhat pyramidally ovate, thick, whitish, strongly
longitudinally ribbed ; whorls 8 to 9, slightly rounded, suture
distinct, last whorl with a rounded ridge at the base ; aperture
subovate ; inner lip thickened, outer lip thin at edge, thickly
variced behind, sinuated anteriorly.
Length, 3 lines ; breadth, 1 line.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North-east Australia, 20 fathoms, sandy
mud. Cape York, North Australia, 11 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom. Off Katow, New Guinea, 8 fathoms, sandy mud bottom.
31. RlSSOINA INCONSPICUA.
Shell small, elongately ovate, white, obliquely somewhat longi-
tudinally ribbed ; ribs sharp, interstices smooth, rounded ; whorls
6, flat, spire shor.L, apex papillose, shining white ; aperture
subovate ; inner lip thickened and slightly expanded over the body
whorl, the outer lip thickened and rounded, minutely sinuated
anteriorly.
Length, 1 ; breadth, h line.
Hab. Dungeness Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms, mud
bottom ; brought up on the fluke of the ship's anchor. Sue
Island, Torres Straits, 13 fathoms, sandy mud bottom.
32. — Alvania. sp. ?
Sab. Warrior Island, Torres Straits.
Three very bad and worn specimens, -| of a line long, were
found in shell sand in the middle of the island. What little
sculpture remains reminds me of Alvania Beani, Hanley, found
on the English Coast.
33. — Alvania. sp. 1
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms.
A single sea worn specimen, £ of a line long. The little
sculpture that remains resembles in form Alvania Zetlandica,
Mont., found in the north of Scotland.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 369
Notes of a Collection of Birds from New Britain, New Ireland,
and the Puke of York Islands, with some remarks on the
Zoology of the Group By E. Pierson Ramsay, F. L.S. , Curator
of the Australian Museum, Sydney.
Australian ornithologists may be pleased to know that a fine
collection of Birds obtained at the Puke of York Island, New
Ireland, and New Britain, has been secured for the Australian
Museum. This fine collection consists of 257 specimens and 90
species, nearly all of them from the abovenamed localities. They
were collected by the Rev. George Brown and Mr. James Cockerell,
from whom they were purchased.
This collection is remarkable not only for containing a large
number of species, but particularly in bringing to light again a
number of interesting forms of which little or nothing has been
seen or heard since the voyage of the Coquille in 1820-5. Among
these I may mention the beautiful golden and black flycatcher
Arses (nionarcha), chrysomela, Cynnyris aspazia, Centropus ater-albus,
Dicceum erythrothorax, (Less.), (1). schistaceiceps, Gray), and the true
Campephaga Tcwru (Less.) : from this last it is very evident that our
Australian bird known under that name is specifically distinct, and
may perhaps be, as stated in Gray's Hand-list, C. rufiventris. Others
again, such as Dendrochelidon mystaceus, Arses telescopthalmus,
Monarcha inornata, Piezorliynclius chalybeoceplialus, are also repre-
sented. The Accipitres are by no means numerous. One species
of Milvus, perhaps M. affiyiis of a dark race, A star 1 dog aster (J)*
adults and young having no bars on wings or tail, from New
Britain and New Ireland. Haliaetus lencogaster, Haliastur inclus,
var. leucocephalus, and Baza reinwardti were obtained from the
same localities. Also two specimens of Ninox from New Ireland ('?),
one N. variegata, and the other of a new species closely allied to
N. toeniata and iV. hypogramma, and not unlike Athene brama.
One of the most interesting birds is the minute true esculent-nested
swallow, Collocalia escidenta, L. There are many specimens of the
* Perhaps a new species, as it does not altogether agree with A. hiogaster.
370 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE L1NNEAN SOCIETY
fine Roller, Eurystomus crassirostris (Sclater.), and two specimens
of small kingfishers, A leech moluccensis and the beautiful Ceyx soli-
tarius. Also a fine Tanysipiera, which I believe to be new ; it is
closely allied to T. sylvia, but has the head and neck black, the
back white, and the under surface of a dull rufous or buff tint.
Halcyon albicilla is well represented. This species seems to have
an extensive range. I have received it also from New Georgia and
St. Christoval Islands ; also Halcyon chloris, all from the Duke of
York Island. Three species of Campephaga and a crow, most
probably Corvus orru, which is said to be plentiful in New Britain.
Gracula Krefftii (Sclater), evidently common ; in this species the
upper and under tail coverts are of pure white, not tinged with
yellow as represented in the plate given in P. Z. S., 1869, pi. 9.
A very handsome lyre-tailed Dicrurus, perhaps D. lyra or D.
longicauda : another species answering the description of Gray's
D. assimilis, is probably D. carbonarius, or one of the numerous
varieties of D. bracteatus.
Two species of Graucalus, G. hypoleucos, and another, G. melanops.
The latter differs a little from our N.S.W. individuals of that species.
Among the Flycatchers, Arses chrysomcla is the most beautiful,
and evidently a rare bird, although found also on the south-east
part of New Guinea, Arses telescopthalmus, Rhipidura isura, of
which doubtless B. setosa, Jt. assimilis, are only local varieties ;
Monarcha loricata, and another very beautiful allied species, having
the head surrounded by a white line, extending round the occiput
from the earcoverts, but in other respects similar to M. loricata ;
Mhipidura (Sauloprocta) tricolor, and Przorhynchus chalybeocephalus
are not rare.
Among the Robins I was much surprised to find Petrceca pusilla
stated to be from Duke of York Island. I can find no difference
between these birds and specimens from the Solomons and Fiji
Islands. I think there must be some mistake in the locality given
by Mr. Cockerell.
Among the Honey-eaters I find a Philemon plumigenys, probably,
as the cheeks are clothed, it is otherwise like P. vulturinus and
P. inornatus.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 371
A beautiful little Myzomela, of a uniform light carmine tint,
and the smallest I have seen of the genus.
Of the Dicaeida?, Diccmm erythrothorax (Less.) is the only one
obtained. The pectoral spot is of a crimson hue, not yellow or
orange, as figured in the " Voyage of the Coquille." It appears
otherwise identical.
The beautiful Sun-birds — Cinnyris A ustralis (C. frenata ?) and
6. aspazice — appear to be very plentiful, as numerous examples
were obtained. Some I find labelled from the Duke of York
Island ; others from New Ireland ; so I presume they are found
on both islands. Both species are found on the South-east coast
of New Guinea, and I once remember seeing a specimen said to
have been obtained at Cape York ; but a little cross-questioning
soon convinced me that the dealer who had it for sale could
supply one from any part of the world, if I required it.
Of the Artamidce there is only one species in the collection — a
very fine and beautiful bird, allied to Artamus monachus (Bp.),
with the whole of the plumage white, except the head and neck,
and the wings and tail quills, which are dusky, almost black ;
under surface of wing quills, dusky ; in size it is slightly larger
than A. mentalis. One pair of Pitta MacMottiil was also obtained
on New Ireland.
Eccccdfatoria sinensis was found, but no other species of quail
was contained in the collection. The New Ireland bird differs
in having only a small patch of rufous on the vent, and no streaks
of white on the head feathers. The pigeons are especially fine and
beautiful ; but at the same time, without works of reference, it is
a very difficult matter to determine them correctly. Some of
them I have been unable to recognise : they may prove varieties
of allied forms, or most likely new species. One bird I have
never been able to find a description of, but which I have known
for the last six years, having had a spirit specimen of it, collected
in 1869-70 by Captain Ferguson. This is a pigeon allied to
Carpopliaga, but having the skull greatly enlarged under the cere,
forming a high anteriorly-rounded protuberance at the base of the
bill. The bird is in size and colouration almost the same as
372 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
, Ptiltonopus iozonus, of the same deep green, and having the same
bright deep orange spot on the upper part of the abdomen ; the
shoulders and under surface of the wings, rich bluish ash-colour ;
upper coverts and scapulars also tinged mesially with the same
colour- ; abdomen green, towards the centre white, margined with
light yellow ; tail green above, apical third and the whole of the
under surface ash colour ; the throat ashy, margined with green ;
all the remainder of the body deep green ; wing coverts and
secondaries narrowly margined with yellow. Total length 8-5
inches, wing 5, tail 2'8, tarsus 0-9 ; bill from gape, 0*9 ; knob at
the base of the cere deep reddish orange, length 0-5 x 0-6, height
above bill 0-5 inch; middle toe l'l, its nail 0-3. The back, in
certain lights, and the secondars, have a bronze tint ; the primaries
also tinged with bronze on the outer webs. Numbers of this
beautiful bird, for which the generic name of Kranocera* may be
employed, on account of its helmet-shaped cei'e, were obtained on
the Duke of York Island. This bird, in the pointed form of the
first primary (and general structure, except in the helmet at the
base of the cere), comes nearer to members of the genus Ptilonopus
in the section to which belongs P. coronulatus, &c, of the sub-
genus Cyanotreron (Verr.). In the plumage it imitates P. iozonus
(G.R. Gr.). I can find no description of this bird in any works at
my disposal ; nor can I find any genus in Gray's Hand-list under
which I can place it. Notwithstanding this, the bird must surely
have been named and described somewhere. Specimens have been
in the Dobroyde Collection for at least six years.
, Of the genus Carpophaga at least four specimens were obtained.
G. pacifica, G. microcera (1), G. rubricera, and G. luctuosa, that is
if our Australian species, as figured by Mr. Gould (Bds. Aust. V.,
pi. 60), is to be left as C. spilorrhoa. (G. R. Gn.)
Mr. Gray remarks, however, t that C. spilorrhoa " is dis-
tinguished by the feathers of the thighs and under tail coverts
being spotted near the margins, and the outer tail feather with
the greater part of the outer web and tip black ; while in
* Helmet-cered. t P. Z. S., 1858, p. 186.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 373
C. luctuosa the feathers of the thighs and the under tail coverts end
in deep black, and the outer tail feather is white throughout,
except in the outer web neai-est the base." Well, this may or
may not be the case; I am inclined to think it is altogether
incorrect, for on examining the white Carpophaga from New
Ireland I find that the flanks and under tail coverts end in black,
and the outer tail feather is blade at the tip, broadly on the inner
toeb, and extending in a narrow line along the margin of the outer
web for two-fifths (fths) of its length from the tip ; while in the
Queensland specimens (C. luctuosa, of Gould's Bds. of Australia),
the flanks and under tail coverts are spotted with black near the tip
(sometimes a distinct spot on either web, but more generally these
spots are confluent), and the outer tail feather on either side is
altogether white, except a stripe of black on the outer web about
the centre of the feather ; this black stripe is broad enough to
reach the shaft in some specimens, and this feather in others is also
margined more or less with black at the tip. These differences and
peculiarities are constant respectively in all the examples I have
examined. Moreover, in the New Ireland and Duke of York
Island birds (which I take to be the true C. luctuosa), the whole of
the plumage is, even in dried skins, suffused with rich cream colour
on the down next the body, some of the shafts of the tail feathers,
which are twelve in number, being of a rich yellowish tint, and
the wings are deep clear black. Now, in the Australian specimens,
and those from Port Moresby, in New Guinea, the wings are
mealy black, as if the black had been powdered over with a white
dust or powder, such as is found on the large white cockatoos
(C. galerita), and the tint of the down and concealed parts of the
feathers is of a rosy salmon tinge, and only noticeable in freshly-
killed specimens ; in the dried skins there is no trace of it after
a few months ; tail feathers, fourteen.
Dr. G. R. Grey remarks * that " Carpophaga (Myristicivora)
melanura 0) differs from Carpophaga luctuosa as described and
figured by Temmink, pi. col. 247, in having the tail of a more
* P. Z. S., 1860, p. 361.
374 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
uniform black colour, with the inner webs of each feather only
white ; this latter colour decreases in depth to the middle feathers,
and the quills are of a uniform black. It is much smaller in size,
but is otherwise like C. luctuosa."
The collection contained specimens of two, if not three, species
of Macropygia— one which I take to be M. cateretia, and another
not unlike our Australian M. phasianeUa— which I think will turn
out quite new to science. All from the Duke of York Island and
New Ireland.
Chalcopliaps stephani was obtained in tolerable numbers. I see
no difference between these specimens and others from Port
Moresby, New Guinea. PMegcenas stairii was found, but rather
rarely ; also a most lovely species identical, or very close to
Chalcophaps niargaritlm of Salvadori and D'Albertis. I believe
only three of this beautiful species were obtained. The feathers on
the sides of the chest have the margins cut in a curiously curved
line.
Geophilus nicobarica, appears to be common. One specimen of a
beautiful species of ground Pigeon, apparently allied to Macro-
pygia is one of the most birds in the collection. The head and
upper part of the neck and throat are of an ashy white ; the whole
of the body of a dull slate color ; the ends of the feathers broadly
margined with most beautiful, resplendent metallic reflections of
purple, green, and rosy lilac. I can find no description of the bird
in any works at my disposal, but it is not unlike Jantlmnas
metalica (Teinm.). It comes from the Duke of York Island.
Of Ptilinopi there are two species, P. superbus not differing in
any way from our Australian individuals, and a beautiful species
identical with or allied to P. rivoli, with a white band across the
chest.
Amongst the Psittaci I find two species of white Cockatoos,
C. opthalmica and 0. ducorpsi, and some fine specimens of the
beautiful little Nasituma pusio (Sclater), of which genus I have
lately examined a smaller variety, if not a distinct species, from
Port Moresby.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 37r>
The specimens of a species of Eclectus are smaller than those of
E. poh/chlorus, bnt the same in color ; these may perhaps be refer-
able to E. Linnsei (Wagl.). A fine set of both the males and
females and young of both sexes are contained among those pur-
chased for the Museum, from New Britain ; and a beautiful little
Trichoglossus, near T. placens, but probably new ; also a diminu-
tive species of Loriculus (?) of a uniform bright green, having a
spot of yellowish red on the chest ; the upper tail coverts yellowish
green, and the under surface of the wings bluish green.
Among the Cuckoos, Ciirulus inspiratus ? Endynamys tdhaiticus
were plentiful.
Centropus ater-albus, and C. violascens were obtained. Buceros
ruficollis did not appear to be rare, as many were obtained.
Of the Rallidse, Sallus pliilippensis, a very widely distributed
species, was found, and a Megapodius, species probably new, but
resembling the species from the Island of Savo, in the Solomon
group. We were fortunate in securing both adults, half-grown birds,
and the chick of this species for the Museum.
The Herons were not as numerous as might be expected. Nyc-
ticorax, represented by a species closely allied to, if not identical
with C. Caledonicus. Demiegretta Brayi in various stages of
plumage.
Of Buturoides Javanicus (B. jiavicollis ?) I believe only one
specimen was obtained.
Tringa minuta, Actitib empusa, and Totanus brevipes, from the
Duke of York Island. Limnocinclus acitminatus, from New
Ireland. ^Egialitis bicincta, ^E. inomata, without localities.
Among the sea birds, Anous stolidus, Fregetta aquila, L.? ; Phceton
mbricanda, Nectris carneipes (Gould), were obtained off the
Solomon Islands.
This closes my remarks on one of the largest and most interesting
collections that have ever been made in those localities ; and
although it contains several species which I consider new, I have
refrained from naming them in deference to the wishes of my
esteemed friend, the Rev. George Brown, who has informed me he
was desirous of sending a set of all the species he had obtained to
37G THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
our mutual friend Dr. Sclater, the learned Secretary of the Zoo-
logical Society of London, who will doubtless give them the atten-
tion they deserve, and we hope soon to see a full account of the
collection, with descriptions of the new species, from the pen of
that eminent ornithologist.
In addition to the large collection of Birds, Mr. Brown and
Mr. Cockerell obtained a varied and interesting collection of
mammals, a lai'ge number of specimens of Cuscus, C. oriental-is,
Belideus ariel, Halmaturus (V) nov. sp., (allied to H. hrunii, and
which I have named, in honor of the Rev. Geoi'ge Brown,
H. Brownii), and a Perameles, differing from P. papuensis, chiefly
in the remarkably stiff, spine-like hair on the back, and which I
have named after Mr. Cockerell P. Cockerelli, both of which will be
found described in the present number of the proceedings of the
Linnsean Society of N. S. W.
Among the fruit-eating bats I find two lai-ge species of
Pteropus resembling our " Flying Foxes ;" a smaller species,
which is doubtless Pteropxis personatus ; and a very interesting
species of a genus allied to Pteropus and strongly smelling of
musk, which may perhaps prove to be Cephalotes peronii. Besides
two (?) species of Harpy ia (H. cephalotes and another), there are
six or eight other species of bats belonging to vai'ious genera, of
which more will be said hereafter
Of Rodents there are but two species of rats, one of a dull
mouse-colour, with spiny flat hairs down the back — perhaps a
species of Echimys ; and the other a species of Mus, known to
the missionaries as the " banana rat," a close-furred rufous-coloured
species, descriptions of which I hope to lay before this society at
its next meeting.
The collection of Reptiles consists of about 170 specimens —
37 species — chiefly pythons and harmless tree-snakes, two species
of G-eckos, and others of the genera Grammatophora, Odatria
Monitor, Hinulia, and Mocoa, &c. Of Batrachians, there were
only two or three specimens, one of the genus Pelodryas.
The collection of Arachnida? was not lai'ge in species, although
considerable in numbers and size. It chiefly consisted of a large
species of Nephila (Leach), and a few Casteracantha.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 377
On the Fishes, among which are some beautiful and very
interesting forms, I hope shortly to offer some remarks, having
secured most, if not all, of the specimens obtained.
Much credit is due to the Rev. Mr. Brown and Mr. Cockerell
for the aid they have given to science, and the great patience and
energy displayed in getting together such large and beautiful
collections of the natural history of these little known islands.
Having examined the whole of the collections so obtained, of the
birds and mammals, I estimate the number to be about 1500
specimens. The invertebrata I did not examine closely, but saw
sufficient of them to know that the Coleoptera alone must have
numbered several thousand : it contained some large species of
Curculionida? and Longicorns of many species. The Lepidoptera
consisted of several beautiful species of Papilio, Ornithoptera of
at least two species, and several belonging to the family Nympha-
Hdce ; a good number of the Pieridce and Daniidce. In all about
800 specimens or more.
Of Mollusca there was a large number. I did not observe
anything striking among them, but some of the smaller species of
land and fresh water shells will probably prove new. I may
notice, however, the following from New Ireland and Duke of
York Island : — Helix Afacgregori (Cox) in great numbers, Helix
Lombei, Helix Nova-Hibernicce, and two other species, Partula
spadacea, Leptopoma vitrea ; Melanopus sp. ; Pythia, two species ;
Melania, six species ; and a great quantity of Cyclostoma keveus,
evidently a most common shell throughout the group ; besides a
new species of Ompludotropis.
Among the Geological specimens from New Ireland were pebbles
of Jasper, Porphyry, and Porphyry conglomerate, specimens of
Coral and Calcareous-limestone, some nice crystals of Aragonite, and
lumps of Yellow Clay, Silicate of Alumina. The most interesting-
geological specimen obtained from New Ireland consists of a mass
of pure chalk, containing Globigerince ; this must be found in lai*ge
lumps, for Mr. Brown has presented the Museum with some rude
figures cut out of solid blocks about four feet in length, eight inches
in diameter, *nd fifteen inches wide, These images, although not
378 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
altogether deified, are held in considerable reverence, and kept in
a large house set aside for their reception, and into which no
female is allowed to enter. They are rude representations of saints
with palm leaves held in their hands, the fronds curving over their
heads ; others have what I take to represent rays of glory ; some
with Elizabethan collars and tall conical hats ; others again, with
a sort of helmet or cock's comb-like ridge over the crown, and
holding palm leaves, as if for a canopy, over them.
I scarcely know which is the more interesting, this deposit of
Globigerina chalk, with its masses of minute shells, or the fact of
these carvings representing the Elizabethan and old Spanish mode
of dress, which points to the probability of the early Spanish
voyagers having visited these Islands.
Mr. Brown informs me that the chalk is thrown up by the sea
after earthquakes and tidal waves, in large massss, which fact
seems to point to quite another origin of these Islands than is
generally supposed.
I have forwarded some portions of this Globigerina chalk to
Professor Liversidge, who will doubtless give us a full account of
its analysis in due time.
On Perameles Cockerellii. By E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S.
Not having an opportunity of examining the teeth of this species
when describing the animal, I take the first opportunity of sup-
plying this omission, as far as possible, with a remark on the
coloration : —
Incisors §'.§, I can find no trace of the 5th (large posterior J
incisor ; canines \\\, these are, comparatively speaking, very small,
and about equal in length to the first premolar; premolars |;|;
molars 4;^, all developed, comparatively broad. The distance
between the posterior incisor to the canine is 0*2 ; to the first true
molar, 0"7.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 379
In Perameles Cockerelli there is a well-defined narrow line along
the upper lip from opposite the canine tooth, bordering the blackish
brown of the upper part of the face and head, which extends a little
below the eye, and from thence in an upward curved line to the
ears ; the sides of the face below are ashy grey, pencilled below
the ears with blackish and a few little rusty red ; there is also a
small patch of rusty red at the base of the ear below ; the hind
feet ai-e blackish bi'own ; and the snout rather bare in front from
opposite the canine tooth.
Notes of a Collection of Birds from the Norman River, Gulf of
Carpentaria, with descriptions of some new species. By Le
Comte de Castelnau, Consul General de France, Melbourne ;
and E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., Curator of the Australian
Museum, Sydney.
Le Comte de Castelnau having lately secured for his museum
a collection of Birds from the Gulf of Carpentaria, we thought,
perhaps, some remarks "upon the avi-fauna of this far-off and little
known region would prove acceptable to the Society. The fol-
lowing, then, is a list of the species obtained, with descriptions of
such as we deem to be new or undescribed : —
The Nomenclature, except where otherwise stated, is that used in Mr.
Gould's Handbook to his Birds of Australia.
1. Haliaetus leucogaster, Vigors.
2. Hieracidea orient alis, Schleg., Sharpe, Brit. Mus. Cat..
Ace, voll.,p. 422, 1874.
3. Paxdion leucocephalus, Gould.
4. HlERACOGLAUX OONNIVENS.
5. Strix delicatulus, Gould.
G. Hylochelidox xigricaxs.
7. Merops ornatus.
8. Dacelo Leach it, Viy. tfc Horsf.
3s0 the proceedings of the linnean society
9. Halcyon sanctus.
10. Halcyon pyrrhopygia, Gould.
11. Alcyone pulchra, Gould.
12. Artamus albiventris, Gould.
13. Artamus leucopygialis, Gould.
14. Pardalotus rubricatus, Gould.
15. Smicrornis plavescens, Gould.
16. Pachycephala melanura.
17. „ rufiventris.
Several specimens, males and females. These agree with Mr.
Gould's P. falcata in size and general appearance, but on close
examination the pectoral band is found to reach and join the
carcoverts.
18. Melanodryas pic ata, Gould.
19. Eopsaltria leucura, Gould.
20. Colluricincla brunnea, Gould.
21. Vanga nigrogularis, Gould.
22. Graucalus hypoleucus, Gould.
23. „ MELANOPS.
24. Campephaga jardinii, Hupp.
25. „ HUMERALIS, Gould.
26. Rhipidura dryas, Gould. Differs from M. rufi/rons., in
having a greater extent of white or tail feathers.
27. SlEZURA NANA, Gould.
28. MlCRyECA FASCINANS.
Several specimens similar, but slightly smaller than those from
N. S. Wales.
29. Myiagra latirostris, Gould.
30. Malurus amabilis, Gould.
Having lately received specimens of this and M. hypoleucus,
Gould, in change of plumage, we can testify that the latter is
only the female of the former (if. amaoilis.)
31. Malurus cruentatus, Goidd.
32. SphenjEcus galactotes.
33. Cisticola isura, Gould.
34. Epthianura crocea, sp. nov.
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 381
Adult male.— Lores, sides of the head, chin, throat, and the
whole of the under surface of the body, under and upper tail
coverts, bright yellow ; across the chest a ( lunate 1 J* spot of black;
crown of the head, sides and back of the neck, and the sides of
the chest, olive yellow ; back brown, washed with olive yellow ;
tail blackish brown, the base white, and all (?) the feathers more
or less tipped with white ; margins of the outer webs, towards the
base, yellow ; wings brown, darker on the secondaries and upper
coverts, primaries narrowly edged with yellow on the outer webs,
the coverts and seconda\-ies rather broadly margined with whitish
and edged with yellow on the outer webs, secondaries margined
with white at the tips ; under wing coverts whitish, washed with
bright yellow like the body ; under surface of the quills light
brown, the inner webs towards the base fading into silvery white ;
legs and bill blackish brown.
Total length, 4-3 in.; wing, 2-4 in.; tail, 1*65 in.; tarsus, 0-7 in.;
bill, from forehead 0-5, from nostril 0-3, from gape 0.6.
Adult female. All the upper surface dark brown ; feathers on
head mesially shaded with blackish brown ; upper and under tail-
coverts yellow, not so bright as in the male ; a slight tinge of
yellow on the abdomen, Hanks, and under wing-coverts ; the
remainder of the under surface dull white, tinged with brown on
the sides and chest ; no pectoral spot ; wings above blackish,
brown on the secondaries, dark brown on primaries, which are
tinged with yellow along the margin of the outer webs ; wing-
coverts tipped with dull white tinged with yellow, secondaries
tipped and margined with white ; tail blackish brown, the tips
and the base white, margins of the outer webs edged with yellow ;
legs dark brown ; bill brown, whitish at base of lower mandible.
Total length, 4'1 ; wings, 2.3 ;. tail, 1*6 ; bill, 0-5 ; tarsus, 0-7.
Hab. Norman River, Gulf of Carpentaria. From Mr. Gulliver's
collection.
* Many of the feathers being lost from the chest, the exact shape of the
pectoral mark cannot be ascertained in this specimen.
382 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
It is very interesting to find another well-marked species of
this strictly Australian genus, the members of which are among
our most beautifully marked birds. The present species may be
easily distinguished from its near ally Epthianura aurifrons, of
Gould, by the black mark on the chest.
35. Anthus Australis, Vig. and Horsf.
Slightly smaller than New South Wales specimens, especially
in the wings. Length, 3 in.; tail, 2*35.
36. PtenjEdus rufescens.
37. Myrafra Horsfieldii, Gould.
38. POEPHILA PERSONATA, Gould.
39. POEPHILA ATROPYGIALIS,* Sp. 710V.
This species may be distinguished from Poeph'da cincta (Gould),
which it closely resembles, by the rump and upper tail coverts being-
black, and the under surface being of a darker hue ; the ashy
white of the head is not so clear, and less in extent. The note of
the bird is quite distinct from that of P. cincta.
40. Estrilda (Stictoutera) bichenovii, Qovld.
41. Estrilda (Bathilda) ruficauda, Gould.
42. Chlamydodera nuchalis.
43. Sphecotheres flaviventris, Gould.
44. POMATOSTOMUS TEMPORALIS.
Slightly smaller, particularly in the wings, than those from
New South Wales.
45. POMATOSTOMUS SUPERCILIOSUS.
46. Climacteris melanotus, Gould.
47. SlTTELLA STRIATA, Gould.
* Diggles, Queenslander newspaper, 1876. We have here adopted the
name proposed by Mr. Diggles, of Queensland, for this new species, but
more out of compliment to that gentleman than in accordance with the
strict rules of nomenclature, as it will be evident to all ornithologists that
the merely proposing a name and pointing out a difference in a newspaper
can scarcely be looked upon as describing the species. We trust our friend
will take this hint in the kindly spirit it is meant ; and when he again favours
us with the announcement of any new species, we hope they will be fully
described.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 383
48. Stigmatops suboccularis, Gould.
49. Entomopiiila rufigularis, Gould.
In addition to the adults, we find one specimen of an Entomo-
piiila— probably the young of this species — which has the whole.
of the under surface of a dull white. This may eventually prove
to be the young of E. albogularis ; but as the collection contained
none of this latter species, as far as we know, it is more probable
that it is the young of the former — E. rufigularis.
50. Melithreptus albogularis, Gould.
51. Philemon citreogularis, Gould.
52. Zosterops (Tephras 1) Gulliveri, sp. nov.
The general colour above is of a light ashy brown, darker on the
quills of the wings and tail, all the feathers washed with pale olive
yellow, which shows more conspicuously on the outer webs of the
wing and tail feathers ; the forehead and throat of a little brighter
yellow ; lores blackish, the whole of the under surface and the
under wing and tail coverts very pale citron, with a slight wash
of buff on the flanks ; legs light lead-grey ; bill dark, lead-grey
above, lower mandible paler.
Total length, 4-2; wings, 2'25 ; tail, 1-8; tarsus, 0'7 ; bill
from forehead 0-55 ; from nostril 0-3 ; from gape 0-6.
This species seems to belong more to the sub-genus Tephras
than to Zosterops proper, in its more rounded wings and tail,
and want of the eye-ring ; the bill, however, is like that of a true
Zosterops.
Hab. Norman River, Gulf of Carpentaria. From Mr. Gulli
vers collection.
53. Scythrops NovyE-hollandi^e.
54. Cuculus (Cacomantis') pallidus.
55. Chalcites minutillus, Gould.
56. „ basalis.
57. Centropus melanurus, Gould.
58. Calyptorynchus macrorynchus, Gould.
59. Cacatua galereta.
60. Cacatua sanguinea, Gould.
1 Cacatua Gymnops, Sclaler P. Z. S. 1871, p. 492, fig. 4.
384 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
This species was obtained in considerable numbers on the
Norman River by Mr. Kendal Broadbent in 1875. All the
specimens show the same plumage and the peculiarity of having,
the orbits bare, but to a greater extent below than above the eye,
and vary a little in size. This is undoubtedly the true G. san-
guinea of Gould. Its range extends from Port Essington, where
Mr. Gould's specimens were obtained, round the Gulf of Car-
pentaria country, as far south as the Palmer River.
61. Ptistes coccineopterus, Gould.
62. Geopelia (Erytlirauchcena) humeralis, Gould.
63. Geopelia placida, Gould.
64. Geopelia (Stictopelia) cuneata.
65. Synoicus cervinus, Gould.
66. ^Edicnemus grallarius, Lath.
The northern variety of this species is remarkable for the
length of the tarsi, which might be considered by some ornitho-
logists sufficient to constitute a distinct species, as this peculiarity
is constant in all the specimens obtained at the Gulf. The
following are the admeasurements showing this characteristic : —
Bill, 2-2 in.; wing, 116 in.; tail, 8 in; tarsus, 5-6 in.; mid.
toe, 1*9 in.
67. Lobivanellus miles, Bodd. ; Gould, Bds. Aust. VI. pi. 10-
68. Himantopus leucocephalus, Gould.
69. iegialitis ruficapillus.
70. Totanus brevipes, Guv.
Gambetta pulverulentus ; Gould, Rand-bk. Bds. Aust. II., p.
268, sp. 531.
71. Tringa tenuirostris, Horsf.; Gould, Rand-bL Bds.
Aust. II., p. 260, sp. 526.
72. Tringa (Limnocinclus) accuminata, Rorsf.
73. Totanus glottis, L.
Glottis Glottoides, Vig.; Gould, Rand-bh. Bds. Aust. II., p.
265, sp. 529.
74. — H^ematopus, nov. sp. ?
1 Rcematopus niger. Cuv. On examining the Hrematopi ob-
tained in North Australia, we find one which differs from all
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 385
other hitherto recorded Australian species, in having a consider-
able bare space round the eye ; this space is wider in front and
above, than behind or below the eye, and, like the bill, is of* a
reddish carmine colour. The plumage is of a deep sooty black,
with little or no gloss, except perhaps on the head and neck ; the
wing and tail feathers are of a blackish brown ; legs deep carmine
red.
Total length from forehead to tip of tail, 15 in.; bill from fore-
head 3-2 in.; from posterior margin of nostril 2#5 ; from gape
2-85 ; height, about middle of 0-5 ; width, 03 ; width of upper
mandible at the posterior margin of nostril, 0'5 ; wing, 10 in.;
tail, 4*9 ; tarsus, 2-1 ; mid. toe, 1*9.
This species is smaller on the whole, and the neck shorter than
either of the Australian species ; it comes nearest to H. fuliginosus
of Gould, but may be at once distinguished therefrom, by the large
bare space round the eye and the short bill. It is, moreover,
smaller in all its measurements.* Should this species prove to be
undescribed we propose for it the specific name of opthalmicus. t
Hah. Bountiful Island, The specimen here described is from
Mr. Gulliver's collection.
75. — Numenius cyanopus, Vieill.
The Norman River specimens differ from those of the same
species from New South Wales in having a very decided wash of
rufous over the head, chest, and all the upper surface.
76. Numenius minor, Mull.
77. Numenius ukopygialis, Gould.
78. Ibis falcinellus, L.
79. Threskiornis strictipennis, Gould.
80. Geroniticus spinicollis, James.
81. Platalea melanorhyngha, Reich.
82. Grus australasianus, Gould.
* H. fuliginosus has bill, 3*8 in.; tail, 5 in.; wing, 11-6 ; tarsus, 2-4 ; mid-
toe, 2-25.
t We regret that, from want of a series of the sooty oyster-catchers from
other countries to compare with, we are at present unable to determine this
question.
386 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
83. Xenorhynchus Australis, Lath.
84. Nycticorax caledonicus, &m.
85. Ardea pacifica, Lath.
*f>. Herodias asha.
87. Herodias garzetta.
88. Herodias picata, Gould.
89. PORPHYRIO HELANOTUS, ToMll.
90. Tribonyx ventralis, Gould.
91. Fulica australis, Gould.
92. Nettapus pulchellus, Gould.
93. Dendrocygna vagans.
94. ,, eytoni, Gould.
95. Tadorna rajah.
96. Nyroca australis, Gould.
97. Malacorhynchus membrastaceus.
98. Thalasseus bengalensis.
99. Sylochelidon caspia.
100. Hydrochelidon leucopareia, Natt.
101. Sternula placens.
102. PODICEPS GULARIS, Gould.
103. Plotus novjE-hollandle, Gould.
104. Sula fiber, Linn.
105. Pelecanus conspicillatus, Temm.
106. Tachypetes aquila.
Notes on a Collection of Birds from Port Moresby ; with
descriptions of some new species. By E. P. Bamsay, F.L.S.
Mr. A. Goldie, the botanical collector from the firm of Mr.
B. S. Williams, the well-known plant merchant, of London,
having safely returned from a perilous sojourn of nearly twelve
months at Port Moresby, New Guinea, has brought with him a
small collection of birds, which he obtained in that district ; and
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 387
having given me an opportunity of examining them, I beg leave
to lay before the Society some remarks on the avi-fauna of that
but recently known locality.
This collection, numbering over 200 skins, was chiefly obtained
on the Laloki River, and within a radius of about fifteen miles
of the settlement at Port Moresby. It contains, as will be seen
by the list, at least forty Australian species. The genera inhabiting
the south-eastern portion of New Guinea are to a great extent the
same as those found at Cape York, and there are, as this
and other collections I have examined prove, very few of the
strictly or peculiar Papuan forms on the south-eastern portion of
New Guinea. I was much gratified to find a fine new species of
Melidora, of which genus of kingfishers only one was hitherto
known. Some of the most interesting specimens contained in this
collection are, a fine series of eight specimens of the southern
variety of the Goura pigeon — GWra, or Lophyrus coronata, var.
D'Albertisi, Salvad ; a fine series of adults and young of
the manycoloured lorius (Eos) fuscatus, (Eos torrida of G. P.
Gray.) Of the beautiful Cyclopsitta suavissimus (Sclater) there
are some nice specimens in difterent stages of plumage, and also
four specimens of Paradisea raggiana, a very distinct and
beautiful Bird of Paradise. All of these, with the exception of
the Goura, I exhibit this evening.
The following is a complete List of Mr. Goldie's Birds : —
1. Astur, sp. This bird agrees, in a great measure, with
Astur Mulleri (Wall), but may, perhaps, prove to be A. etorques of
Salvadori.
2. Haliaetus leucogaster.
3. Haliastur sphenurus, v.
4. Milvus affinis, Gould.
5. 1 Baza stenozoa
This bird is very similar to the Australian Baza cristata, but
has a stronger bill in proportion to the size of the body, which,
with the wings and tail, is slightly smaller than the average of
388 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Australian specimens. It can only be looked on as a variety of
B. subcristata, and may not be the true B. stenozoa.
6. Strix delicatulus.
Several fine specimens obtained, not diffei-ing from the N. S.
Wales examples.
7. Athene, sp.
A nestling, and a very interesting specimen, perhaps a young
A. strenua, Gould. The whole of the head, neck, and all the
under surface snow white ; on the shafts of some of the down on
the chest and abdomen dark brown stripes ; under wing coverts
white ; tail and wings dark brown, with broad transverse bars of
blackish ; scapulars and wing coverts bi'own, tips whitish, and
barred with whitish-brown, having a rufous tinge. Total length,
9 inches; wings, 6-3 ; tail, 3 ; tarsi, 1*1 ; bill, from forehead 1
inch, from nostril 0*5, from gape Tl inch; bill blackish; feet
brown, nails black.
8. 1 PoDARGUS PAPUENSIS.
This bird is one of the numerous varieties of P. papuensis, or
perhaps a new species. The general colour is dusky brown, with
large white mottlings and spots, particularly on the scapulars, wing
coverts, and all the under surface of the body, as well as a band
of whitish spots over the eye, and extending over the ear coverts
to the neck. The head above and the back are distinctly spotted
with white.
9. Hirundo fretensis, Gould.
This bird agrees with Mr. Gould's description, except that it
has no trace of the band of black below the red on the chest ; the
tail feathers have a narrow white margin opposite the oval
white spot on the inner web.
Total length, from tip of bill to centre tail feathers, 4-3 in.; bill,
from gape, 0'55 ; width at base across gape, 0 45; wing, 4'2 ;
tarsus, 0-35 ; tail, to tip of centre feathers, 1*5 ; to tip of outer
feathers, 2*1.
This species may be at once recognised from H. frontalis by the
size of the bill and the white spots on the inner webs of all except
the centre two tail feathers.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 380
10. Hylochelidon nigricans, Vieil.
11. Eurystomus pacificus, Lath.
12. Eurystomus crassiotris, Sclater.
Several specimens of this fine species were obtained. Its range
of habitat extends from St. Christoval Island to New Britain,
from both of which places the Museum has received specimens.
13. Merops ornatus.
Several specimens, showing the range of the widely distributed
species.
14. Dacelo leachii, Gould.
Dacelo intermedins, Salvadori
15. Dacelo gaudiciiaudi, Quoy and Gaim.
16. Melidora goldiei, nov. sp.
Adult. — Forehead, whole of the upper part of the head, and the
occiput black, each feather margined at the tip with rich light
greenish cobalt ; a narrow line of buff-tipped feathers extends
from the nostrils to over the eye, a similarly tinted line along the
base of the bill to below the eye ; lores black ; ear coverts mostly
black, their lower portions mingled with buff ; a narrow white
collar extends from the ear coverts round the neck, but is
separated from the elongated occipital feathers by a narrow band
of black, a few of the feathers of the white collar being tinged
with buff and blotched on the sides with black ; mantle, wing
coverts, and scapularies black, each feather with a spot of rich
golden buff at the tip ; primaries dark brown ; secondaries dark
brown, with the outer webs margined with rich buff, and the
inner series tipped also with buff; back, rump, and upper tail
coverts rich blackish brown, each feather tipped with a spot of
golden buff; tail rich, shining brown, margined and tipped with
buff; under wing coverts white, those at the base of the pri-
maries washed with buff; quills below dark brown; throat and
all the under surface of the body and the under tail coverts white,
a few feathers on the throat narrowly margined indistinctly with
black, base of the feathers black ; a few feathers on the sides of
the chest tinged with buff ; axillaries black, barred with buff; legs,
\
t
390 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
thighs, and flanks, white, spotted with buff, the basal portion of
the feathers being black ; under surface of the tail feathers brown,
tipped with dull light buff; feet yellowish ; bill black, the tips
and margin of the lower mandible light horn colour.
Total length, 9 9 in.; bill, from forehead 1-9, from gape 2'3,
from nostril 1 -55 ; width across gape, 1 -05 ; lower mandible, from
gape, 2-2 ; wing, 4-7 ; tail, 37 ; tarsus, 0-7 ; middle toe, without
nail, 0-8 ; its nail, 0-75 ; hind toe, 0-4.
This fine species of Melidora, of which genus only one species, M.
macrorhyncha, (Dacelo macrorhynchus, Less Voy. Coq.) was hitherto
known, was discovered by Mr. Goldie on the Laloki River, about
ten miles inland from Port Moresby in New Guinea. As it was
the only one met with during a sojourn at Port Moresby for
nearly twelve months, it must be looked upon as an extremely
local, or rare bird. It inhabits the dense parts of the forests. Mr.
Goldie states that being the only specimen seen, he had no oppor-
tunity of making any observations on its habits.
17. Halcyon sanctus, Vig. and Horsf.
18. Halcyon Macleayi, Jard. and Selby.
19. Syma tortoro, Less.
■
One female only, showing that the bill in this species has no
blackish or dark mark down the culmen, as is always found in the
Australian closely allied species, S.Jlavirostris, Gould.
20. Tanysiptera galatea, G. H. Gray.
21. ClNNYRIS FRENNATA,
Nectarinia Australis, Gould.
22. Dictum rubrocoronatum, Sharpe.
This beautiful little Dicseum was first obtained by Mr. Mac-
leay's collectors during the cruise of the Chevert in 1875. Since
then Messrs. Bi-oadbent and Petterd have obtained it at Port
Moresby. The species does not appear to be common, although
generally distributed over the south-east portion of New Guinea.
23. Ptilotis notata, Goidd.
24. Ptilotis plumulus, Goidd.
25. Philemon NovvE-Guin^e, Mull and SchL
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 391
26. Melithreptus albogularis, Gould.
27. Oriolus strtatus, Quoy and Galm.
28. Sphecotheres flaviventris, Gould.
Slightly smaller than the Cape York specimens.
29. Pomatostomus isidori, Less.
30. COLLURICINCLA (?) BRUNNEA, Goldd.
31. ESPSALTRIA (?) BRUNNEA, sp. 710V.
Total length, 5h in.; wing, 3-3; tail, 2-5; tarsi (shot away);
bill, 0-55.
All the upper surface rich bi'own, with an olive tinge, a little
darker on the head ; inner webs of wings and tail dark slaty
brown, base of the quills whitish, under surface white ; lores
dark brown, a faint light brown line over the eye ; throat tinged
with ashy grey, becoming browner on the chest, which is
crossed with a brownish band ; sides of chest and flanks brown ;
abdomen, under tail, — and wing-coverts silky white ; tail above
brown, tinged with olive brown, like the wings, the shafts black,
on the under surface of a clearer ashy brown, the shafts of the
feathers being white.
This species in general appearance resembles Pachycephala
simplex of Gould, but has no stripes on the breast or on the under
surface ; the bill is also longer.
32. Myiagra plumbea..
33. Piezorhynchus nitidus, Gould, var. Slightly smaller than
the Cape York and Queensland specimens.
34. Arses (Ophryzone) telescopthalmus.
35. MONARCHA CARINATA, SlUdinS.
Slightly smaller than N. S. "Wales specimens.
36. Rhipidura isura, Goidd. Having examined numerous
examples of this flycatcher from Rockingham Bay, Cape York,
New Guinea, New Ireland, and the Duke of York Island, I can
find no differences that would warrant these being separated into
distinct species. I believe the New Guinea birds have been dis-
tinguished under the name of R. gularis, Midi, but I have seen no
392 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
description of this form under that name. The longitudinal stripe
on the chest band are more or less visible in all the specimens.
37. Sauloprocta tricolor. Evidently the same as the New
Ireland species S. melaleuca, of which it is a synonym ; it differs
very slightly from the Australian Sauloprocta motacillokles.
38. Campephaga humeralis, Gould.
39. Campephaga jardinii, Rilppell.
40. Graucalus melanops.
41. Artamus leucopygialis, Gould.
42. Dicrurus carbon arius, Mull. In plumage the same as the
New Ireland species, except in the bill, which is shorter.
43. Vanga mentalis, Salvad. Very like V. argentea, but
differing from Mr. Gould's description of that species in having
the chin black, a patch of white at the base of the primaries
extending and widening out considerably on to the seventh
quill, and in having the extreme base of the tail white ; the back is
also black, and not grey as in Vanga argenteus.
Total length, 10 in.; bill, 1*2 in.; wing, G in.; tail, 4*5 in.;
tarsus, 1"2.
44. Vanga quoyi, Less.
45. Gracula dumontii, Less.
46. Corvus ORRU.
Quite the same as those received from New Britain.
47. Gymnocorus senex, Less. 1 These specimens differ con-
siderably in depth of color from the plates in the Voyage de la
Coquille, some birds being almost white, others of a dark brown.
48. Donacola nigriceps, sp. nov. Closely allied to Castaneo-
ihorax, but having all the head and neck jet black, with a small
hastate spot of whitish on the feathers of the crown ; the upper
tail coverts, also, are of brighter orange buff. On the whole, the
Port Moresby birds are smaller, and of a much darker tint of chest-
nut on the breast ; sides and flanks, barred with white, and tinged
with chestnut ; under tail coverts black. The young bird shot with
an adult has the head and neck of an ashy tint, becoming brown
on the chest, and deepening into black on the abdomen and under
tail coverts ; the back and wings are of a dark chocolate brown ;
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 393
the rump, upper tail coverts, aud two centre tail feathers of a rich
orange ochre, deeper than in the adult ; tail blackish brown, the
outer webs of the inner feathers margined with the same tint as
the upper tail coverts ; thighs black ; flanks blackish brown,
tinged with chocolate; total length, 3*5 in.; wing, 1-9 in.; tail,
1-4 in.; tarsi, 0-G in.; bill, 0-45.*
Adult — Total length, 3*8 in.; wing, 2 in.; tail, 1*55 in.; tarsi,
0-6 in.; bill, 0-45.
49. Paradisea raggiana, Sclater.
Adult and young male, and two females.
50. Chlamydodera cerviniventris, Gould.
51. 1 Calornis cantor.
Calornis cantoroides, (c7. R. Gray). Lamurotomis cantor
(Mull?).
52. Buceros flavicollis, Vieill.
The egg of this species is pure white, rather pointed at the thin
end. In length 2*35 in., by 1*58 in breadth.
53. Lorius (Eos) aruensis.
? Lorius Heteroclitus (Jlomb. and J acq)
54. DOMICELLA {Eoi) FUSCATUS.
Eos torrida of G. R. Gray.
A fine series of this interesting species, including crimson and
yellow-banded varieties, and young. This species belongs to the
same section as Demicella cardinalis.
55. 1 Chalcopsitta rubrifrons, G. R. Gray.
Some specimens have the occiput varied with deep crimson. It
is altogether a smaller species than Ch. scintillata, with which it
has been confounded. I believe S. Tommaso Salvadori has
recently described this variety under the name of Ch. cloropterus,
55. ECLECTUS POLYCHLORUS, Scop.
57. Tricoglossus mass^en^e.
58. Cyclopsitta suavissimus, Sclater.
59. 1 Nasiterna pusio, Sclater.
* This may eventually prove to be the young of another species.
394 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Agrees with Dr. Sclater's description of this species, but is a
trifle smaller, and the blue band down the forehead is not so
broad ; the yellow tint on the side of the head is brighter.
GO. Cacatua galerita.
61. Microglossia aterrimum, Gm.
Some specimens agreeing with those from Cape York have
the crest feathers much more narrow ; othei's again, having the bill
larger and the culmen wider, have the plumes of the crest broader.
The young have the feathers of the abdomen narrowly margined
with yellow, in some forming a band across the body.
62. Centropus melanurus, Gould.
Very much smaller and darker in plumage than the Cape York
specimens. This is the Polopliilus nigricans of Salvadori.
63. Cuculus insperatus, Gould. ?
64. SCYTHROPS NOY.E-HOLLANDI.E.
65. Ptilinopus coronulatus, G. R. Gray.
66. Ptilopus iozonus, G. B. Gray.
67. Carpophaga puella, Less.
68. Carpophaga pinon, Quoy and Gaim.
69. Carpophaga mulleri, Temm.
70. Carpophaga spilorrhoa, G. R. Gray.
71. Ceopelia humeralis.
72. Geopelia placida, Gould.
73. Chalcophaps longirostris, Gould.
74. Goura D'Albertisi, Salvadori.
Several fine specimens, showing the same characteristic white
markings of the greater wing coverts.
75. Megapodius duperreyi, Less.
76. Megapodius cuvieri, Less.
This is undoubtedly a Megapodius, and not a Talegalla. The
egg resembles that of M. tumulus, but is much larger, being
3 9 in. in length, 2-48 in breadth, and of a rich salmon-ochre colour.
77. Synoicus cervinus, Gould.
78. Numenius uropygialis, Gould.
79. Actilis empusa, L.
80. iEGIALITIS HIATICULA, Guv.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 395
One specimen, slightly smaller than the European examples, and
not so broadly banded with black in front and on the head.
81. Gallinula ruficrissa, Gould.
§2. PORPHYRIO MELANOPTERUS, Temm.
83. BUTOROIDES JAVANICA.
84. Herodias immaculata, Gould.
8-3. Tadorna rajah, Less.
80. Dendrocygna guttulata, Forster.
87. Plotus nov.e-hollandi.e.
Diners but little from the New South Wales examples.
In addition to the Birds obtained, Mr. Goldie brought with him
a few Mammals and Reptiles, the most conspicuous of which are: —
1. Macropus (Halmaturus f) ckassipes.
JIalmaturus crassipes, mihi, in Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. W., part 2,
page 162.
A fine series of both adults and young.
2. BeLIDEUS ARIEL.
">. Perameles. sp.
? Perameles Novce-Guinece.
4. Ouscus chrysorrhous, Temm., var. Goldiei.
Two very fine specimens, but, unfortunately, both females ; the
broad black band round the loins and bright rusty red rump and
tail show very conspicuously. Nose and a stripe down the face
rufous ; orbit surrounded by a conspicuous black ring.
Total length, without tail, 2GA in.; tail, 17 in.; head, 4 in. This
may eventually prove to be quite a distinct species ; at present I
prefer to place it merely as a large variety of C. chrysorrhos.
5. Hydrosaurus. sp.
A fine reptile, very similar to the one found in the Solomon
Islands. Black above, thickly dotted with bright yellow ; helow
yellowish.
Length, 4 ft. 3 in., with the tail ; tail, 2 ft. 3 in.; head, 3 5 in.
396 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LlNNEAN SOCIETY
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.
MONDAY, 22nd JANUARY, 1876.
William Macleay, F.L.S., President, in the chair.
The Minutes of the last Annual Meeting were read and
confirmed.
The President delivered the following address : —
Gentlemen, —
When I addressed you on the occa ion ot our last annual
meeting, the Linnean Society of New South Wales was in its
infancy, and its future, though hopeful, could not be confidently
foretold. 1 then anticipated for it a successful and useful career,
but 1 never expected that it would have made the wonderful pro-
gress which it is now my pleasing duty to record.
On the score of pecuniary means I had no misgivings. The long
list of members on the roll of the Society gave promise of sufficient
funds for meeting all expenses incurred for rooms and printing,
but I was not confident that the working members of the Society
would persevere in the work which they had so well begun.
My doubts on that ground have been signally dispelled. At
every monthly meeting throughout the entire year, original papers
have been read on various subjects connected with the science of
Natural History, all of them of utility to the student of Nature,
and some of them of considerable interest and merit.
Three parts of the proceedings of the Society have been pub-
lished during the year. The fourth part is in the hands of the
printer, and, when published, will complete the first volume of the
proceedings.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 397
These facts speak for themselves ; they show that we have
amongst us some earnest workers, and that the Council of the
Society have done their duty in publishing the proceedings with-
out delay, a matter of the utmost consequence in a society formed
for original research.
In my present address I shall give yon, as well as my opportuni-
ties enable me, —
1st. A list of the Papers and Publications on the Natural
History of the whole of the Australian region which
have been published or come to our knowledge during
the year 1876.
2nd. A general survey of the progress of Natural Science
during the same period ; and —
3rd. A few observations on the future of the Society, and
on some subjects which it is desirable that observation
should be directed to.
As regards the first of these — the Natural History of the
Australian region — I shall commence with our own proceedings,
giving them without comment in the exact order in which the
papers were read.
Description of two species of Helix from Queensland. By
John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
Description of thirty-five new species of Land Shells col-
lected during the Chevert Expedition. By John
Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
Notes on a Collection of Geological Specimens from Torres
Straits and New Guinea. By C. S. Wilkinson, Govern-
ment Geologist.
List of Land Shells of the Chevert Expedition. Bv John
Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
Description of a new Ptilinopus from New Hebrides. By
E. Pierson Ramsay, E.L.S.
398 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Description of a new Plover from North Australia. By E.
Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S.
Description of a species of Pupina from Barrow Island. By
John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
The Araneides of the Chevert Expedition. By H. H. B.
Bradley, Esq.
The Pleuiotomicke of the Chevert Expedition. By John
Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
On a new species of Kangaroo from New Guinea. By E.
Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S.
Notes on some New Guinea Coleoptera. By William
Macleay, F.L.S.
List of Marine Shells, with descriptions of the new species
collected during the Chevert Expedition. By John
Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
List of Australian Game Birds and other species which
should be protected by the " Game Preservation Act."
By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., Curator of the Museum,
Sydney.
Remarks on a supposed new species of Poephila. By E.
Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S.
List of Shells collected during the Chevert Expedition. By
John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
Remarks on the large number of Came Birds which have of
late been offered for sale in Sydney. By E. Pierson
Ramsay, F.L.S., Curator of the Australian Museum.
On some new forms of Arachnidse. By H. H. B. Bradley,
Esq. (with plate).
List of Shells collected during the Chevert Expedition. By
John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
On a new genus of Arachnidse. By H. H. B. Bradley, Esq.
Observations on the genus Risella. By Rev. J. E. Tenison-
Woods, F.L.S., F.G.S., kc, &c.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 399
List of Shells collected during the Chevert Expedition, with
descriptions of the new species. By John Brazier,
C.M.Z.S.
The Ichthyology of the Chevert Expedition. By Haynes
Gibbes Alley ne, M.D., and William Macleay, F.L.S.,
(with plates).
Note on Poejihila Gouldise. By E. Pier on Ramsay, F.L.S.
The Mollusca of the Chevert Expedition. By John Brazier,
C.M.Z.S.
Notes on the Entomological Fauna of New Ireland. By
William Macleay, F.L.S.
Remarks on Lcevicardium Beecliei. By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
Descriptions of new species of Holmaturus and ParameUs
from New Ireland. By E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S., Curator
of the Australian Museum.
The Mollusca of the Chevert Expedition (continued). By
John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
The Ichthyology of the Voyage of the Chevert. Part II. By
H. G. Alleyne, M.D., and William Macleay, F.L.S.
Notes on a new Wallaby from the Palm Islands. By E.
Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S.
Notes on some peculiarities in the Nidification of two species
of Geobasileus. By George Masters.
The Mollusca of the Chevert Expedition (continued). Bv
John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
On the Vertebrate Fauna of New Britain, New Ireland, and
the Duke of York Island. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F. L.S.
Notes on some new Birds from the Norman River and the
Gulf of Carpentaria. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S.
Notes on a Collection of Birds made at Port Moresby by Mr.
Goldie, and presented by him to the Australian Museum,
with descriptions of new species. By E. Piersun
Ramsay, F.L.S,
400 TITE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
The Royal Society of New South Wales has published a volume
of its Transactions during the year, which contains the proceed-
ings of the previous year — 1875. I have not been able to
ascertain that any portion of the proceedings of 1876 have been
published, nor do I know whether any Papers bearing on Natural
History have been read at its meetings, excepting two, which
have appeared in the columns of the Herald.
On the Periodicity of Droughts. By Mr. Russell, Govern-
ment Astronomer ; and,
On the Effects of Forests on Climate. By the Rev. W. B.
Clarke, F.R.S., &c, &c.
Of publications not connected with any Society, there have
been several throughout the year. Mr. Fitzgerald has issued the
second part of his beautifully illustrated work on Australian
Orchids ; Professor Liversidge has given us a treatise on the
Minerals of New South Wales ; and, from the Department of
Mines, comes a " Report of Progress of the Geological Survey of
New South Wales," by C. S. Wilkinson, F.G.S , Government
Geologist, with " Descriptive Notes on the Tertiary Flora of
New South Wales," by Baron F. Von Mueller, C.M.G., M.
and Ph. D., F.R.S.
In the neighbouring colony of Victoria considerable progress has
been exhibited during the past year in scientific research, but
not much in those branches of science which are usually
comprised under the term Natural History. The Papers read at
the meetings of the Royal Society of Victoria related exclusively
to Astronomy, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Mechanics.
The Medical Society of Victoria, also, has been doing good work.
A number of Papei's have been read of scientific merit, and
considerable interest has been excited by discussions upon the
subject of the efficacy of the injection of ammonia into the veins
in cases of snake poisoning, but the mass of the Papers have been
OK NEW SOUTH WALES. 401
of too completely a professional character to come properly into
the category of Papers on the Science of Natural History.
The following Papers have been read at the meetings of the
Microscopical Society of Victoria during 1876 : —
On the Demidracete and Confervacece. By Charles Maplestone.
On a Microscopic Examination of Milk.
On the Use of the Microscope in Post Mortem Analysis.
On the Vinegar Plant ; and on Tappa, made by the Fijians
from the inner bark of the Artocarpus (Bread Fruit). By
Mr. Sydney Gibbons.
On the Micrology of some Igneous Dykes of North Gipps-
land. By Mr. A. W. Howitt.
On the Simulation of Death and Tenacity of Life exhibited
by many Australian Coleoptera. By Mi-. C. French.
On a Conferva inhabited by a Rotifer.
On a Coccus-like insect, with triple hairs twisted together ;
and two Papers on mounting and preparing objects for
the Microscope. By Dr. Ralph, the President of the
Society.
I have not heard of anything having been done by the Zoolo-
gical and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria during the past year.
Baron Von Mueller has added considerably to our knowledge
of the botany of Australia and New Guinea by several publi-
cations.
In Tasmania several interesting Papers on the Mollusca of that
colony have been read at the meetings of the Royal Society
of Tasmania, by the Rev. J. E. Tenison- Woods, F. G. S.,
F.L.S., &c.
South Australia seems not to have contributed anything to the
literature of Natural History during the year.
In the Queensland Philosophical Society a Paper has been read
on some new and rare specimens of Australian Birds, by Mr. S,
Diggles,
402 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LtNNEAN SOCIETY
I have been unable to procure a copy, or any report, of the
Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, but T believe that
eight volumes of their Transactions have been published, and that
the ninth is promised very shortly.
Among foreign publications the following relate, more or less,
to Australia : —
In the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London —
Letters from Signor L. D'Albertis, C.M.Z.S., giving some
account of sevei-al Excursions into Southern New Guinea.
On the Habits of the Fishes of the genus Antennarius. By
the Rev. S. J. Whitmee, of Samoa, C.M.Z.S.
A Monograph of the genus Taphozous, Geoff. By G. E.
Dobson, M.A., M.B., F.L.S., &c.
Notes on the Fruit Pigeons of the genus Chrysmia. By
Otto Finsch, C.M.Z.S.
List of Birds met with in North-Eastern Queensland, chiefly
at Rockingham Bay. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S.
Description of the Eggs and Young of Rall'ma tricolor,
from Rockingham Bay By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S.
On a Collection of Butterflies from the New Hebrides and
Loyalty Islands, with descriptions of new species. By
Arthur G. Butler, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c.
On a small Collection of Butterflies from Fiji. By Arthur
G. Butler, F.L.S., F.Z.S., <fcc.
On a new species of Crown Pigeon. By Otto Finsch,
Ph. D., C.M.Z.S.
Notice of the twenty-second of his series of Memoirs on the
extinct Birds of the genus Dinornis. By Professor
Owen, C.B., F.R.S., &c.
On Pristorhamphus versieri, a new genus and species of Bird
from the Arfak Mountains, New Guinea. By Otto
Finsch, Ph. D., C.M.Z.S.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 403
Characters of six new Polynesian Birds in the Museum
Goddeffroy, at Hamburg. By Otto Finsch, Ph. D.,
C.M.Z.S.
On the Eared Seals of the Islands of St. Paul and Amster-
dam, with a description of the Fur Seal of New Zealand,
and a re-arrangement of the New Zealand Otariidce
By J. W. Clark, F.Z.S.
Letter on Birds, transmitted to the Society from Duke of
York's Island. By Mr. G. Brown, C.M.Z.S.
Exhibition of, and remarks on, three Feather Mats made by
Maoris of New Zealand. By Dr. Hector.
On a new Ziphioid Whale. By Julius Von Haast, Ph. D.,
F.R.S., Director of the Canterbury Museum, Christ-
church, New Zealand.
Notes on some Fijian Birds, including description of a new
genus and species. By Otto Finsch, Ph. D., C.M.Z.S.
On Ceratodus Forsteri, with observation on the Classification
of Fishes. By Professor T. H. Huxley, F.R.S., &c.
On the Land Shells of Taviuni, Fiji Islands, with descriptions
of new species. By E. A. Liardet.
List of Birds met with in North-E istern Queensland, chiefly
at Rockingham Bay. Part II. By E. Pierson Ramsay,
F.L.S., C.M.Z.S.
On the Structure of the Mucous Membrane of the Stomach
in the Kangaroos. By Edward A. Schafer, Assistant
Professor of Physiology, and D. James Williams,
Student of Medicine, in University College, London.
On a small Collection of Butterflies from the New Hebrides.
By Arthur G. Butler, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c.
On a new order and some new genera of Arachnida from
Kerguelen's Land. By the Rev. O. P. Cambridge,
M.A., C.M.Z.S., Hon. Mem. New Zealand Institute.
404 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Note on Antechinus minutissimus from Rockhampton. By
Dr. Gunther.
Remarks on a series of Skins of the Parrots of the Fiji
Islands, obtained by Mr. E. Layard, F.Z.S. By Mr.
Sclater.
Description of a new Thrush from Tavinni, Fiji Islands.
By E L. Layard, C.M.G., F.Z.S., &c.
Farther notes on Oulo Ion, a new genus of Ziphioid Whales
from the New Zealand Seas. By Julius Von Haast,
Ph. D., F.R.S., Director Canterbury Museum, New
Zealand.
On the Birds collected by Dr. Comrie on the South- East
Coast of New Guinea during the Survey of H.M.S.
Basilisk. By P. L. Sclater, M.A., F.R.S., Secretary to
the Society.
Notes on the Skeleton of Ziphius Nova Zealandice. By
Julius Von Haast, Ph. D., F.R.S., with remarks by
Professor Flower, F.R.S.
Notes on Mesoplodon Floweri. By Julius Von Haast,
Ph. D., F.L.S.
Notes on the Birds of the Navigators' and Friendly Islands,
with additions to the Ornithology of Fiji. By E. L.
Layard, C.M.G, F.Z.S., &c.
Descriptions of two new Parrots from New Guinea. By P.
L. Sclater, M.A., F.R.S.
The Journal of the Linnean Society of London, in so far at
least as its publications have reached this country, contains
nothing in its Zoological division specially pertaining to this
quarter of the globe, but the Botanical papers are in unusual
number. Among them we have —
On the Polynesian Ferns of the Challenger Expedition. By
J. G. Baker, F.L.S.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 405
On some Orchidacese collected by Mr. Mosely, of the Chal-
lenger Expedition, in the Admiralty Islands, Ternate,
and Cape York, one of which forms the type of a new
section of the genus Dendrobium. By Professor ! f . G.
Reichenbach.
Note on Bo'ta Commersonii. By Henry Trimen, M.B.,
F.L.S.
Lichenes Terra; Kergueleni : an enumeration of the Lichens
collected in Kerguelen's Land by the Rev. A. E.
Eaton, during the Venus Transit Expedition in 1874-
1875. By the Rev. James M. Crombie, F.L.S., &c.
A list of the Musci and Ilepatica- collected in Kerguelen's
Land by the Rev. A. E. Eaton, A.M. By William
Mitten, A.L.S.
Notes on Alg«> found at Kerguelen's Land, by the Rev. E.
A. Eaton, A.M. By G. Dickie, A.M., M.D., F.L.S.,
Professor of Botany in the University of Aberdeen.
Species ac genera nova Algarum aquae dulcis qua? sunt
inventa in speciminibus in Expeditione Vener. transit,
hieme 1874-1875, in Insula Kerguelensi a clar. Eaton,
collectis. Auctor'i, Paulo Eredericko Reinsch.
Report on the Fungi collected in Kerguelen's Land by the
Rev. E. A. Eaton, during the stay of the Transit of
Venus Expedition of 1874-75. By the Rev. M. J.
Berkeley, M.A., F.L.S., &c.
Contributions to the Botany of the Expedition of H.M.S.
Challenger ; Algae, chiefly Polynesian. By Professor
George Dickie, M.D., F.L.S.
Enumeration of Fungi collected during the Expedition of
the Challenger. By the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, M. A., F.L.S.
Further Notes on the Plants of Kerguelen, with some re-
marks on the Insects. By H. N. Moseley, M.A.,
Naturalist to H.M.S. Challenger.
40G THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
On the Diatouiaceous gatherings made at Kerguelen's Land
by H. N. Moseley, M.A.. By the Rev. E. O'Meara,
M.A.
On Musci and Hepatica- collected by H. N. Moseley, M.A.,
H.M.S. Challenger. By William Mitten, A.L.S.
Notes on Plants collected and observed at the Admiralty
Islands in March, 1875. By H. N. Moseley, M.A.
That very excellent periodical, The Annals and Magazine of
Natural History, has the following articles relating to the Aus-
tralian region : —
On a young specimen of Pelagonemertes Rollestoni. By H.
N. Moseley, M.A., H.M.S. Challenger.
On three new and curious forms of Arachnida. By the
Rev. O. P. Cambridge, M.A., C.M.Z.S, Hon. Member
New Zealand Institute.
On the Bower Birds of Australia, with the description of a
new species. By John Gould, F.R.S.
On some species of Terebratulina Waldheimia and Terebra-
tella, from the upper tertiary deposits of Mount Gam-
bier and the Murray River Cliffs, South Australia. By
R. Etheridge, Jun., F.G.S.
Critical Notes on the New Zealand Hydroida, sub-order
Thecaphora. By Miller Coughtrey, M.B., CM. Edin.
Univ., President of the Dunedin Naturalist's Club, New
Zealand, <fcc.
Descriptions of new genera and species of New Zealand Cole-
optera. Part II. By Francis P. Pascoe, F.L.S., <fcc.
Descriptions of two new Coleopterous Insects, belonging to
the families Bxiprestidae and Melohnthidae. By Charles
O. Waterhouse.
Descriptions of species of Asteridce and Ophiuridae, from
Kerguelen's Land. By Edgar A. Smith, F.Z.S, Zoo-
logical Department, British Museum.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 407
Descriptions of some new species of Hydroida from Kergue-
len's Land. By Professor Allnian, M.D., L.L.D., F.R.S.,
P.L.S.
Descriptions of some new species of Polyzoa from Kergue-
len's Land. By Professor G. Busk, F.R.S.
On a new species of Coris from the Molucca Archipelago.
By Dr. A. A. W. Hubrecht, Curator of the Leyden
Museum.
Descriptions of some new species of Crustacea, chieily from
New Zealand. By Edward J. Miers. F.L.S., of the
Zoological Department, British Museum.
Description of a new species of Cltalinulobus, from Australia.
By G. E. Dobson, M.A., M.B., F.LS., &c.
Description ot a new species of the genus Merida, from the
Fiji Islands. By E. L. Layard, C.M.G, F.Z.S., &c.
Descriptions of some new species of Annelida, from Kergue-
len's Land. By W. C. M'Intosh.
On the Range of the Striped Opossum, and on the Natural
History of the Rockingham Bay District. By E. Pierson
Ramsay, Curator Australian Museum, Sydney.
Diagnosis of some species of M allophaga collected by the
Rev. A. E. Eaton during the late Transit of Venus
Expedition to Kerguelen's Land. By Professor C.
Giebel, of Halle.
Remarks on Fishes, with descriptions of new species in the
British Museum, chiefly from Southern Seas. By Dr.
Albert Giinther, F.R.S.
On the Urogenital Apparatus of a Blennioid Fish, from Tas-
mania. By Dr. Albert Giinther, F.R.S.
On the Colydiida? of New Zealand. By D. Sharp.
Descriptions of new genera and species of New Zealand
Coleoptera. Part III. By Francis P. Pascoe, F.L.S., &c.
408 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
On a small collection of Lepidoptera from Cape York and the
South-east Coast of New Guinea. By Arthur G.
Butler, F.L.S., F.Z.S., etc.
On a new Victorian Graptolite. By Frederick M'Coy, Pro-
fessor of Natural Science in the University of Melbourne.
On a collection of Lepidoptera from Port Moresby, New
Guinea. By Arthur G. Butler, F.L.S., &c.
On the discovery of the Trigonia acuticostata (M'Coy) in the
living state. By F. M'Coy, Professor of Natural
Science in the Melbourne University.
On the Fur Seals of the Islands St. Paul and Amsterdam.
By Professor W. Peters.
On the mode in which the young of the New Zealand
Astacidce attach themselves to the mother. By Pro-
fessor J. Wood-Mason.
On a new genus and species of CoUeinbola from Kerguelen's
Land. By Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P.
On the Anthribid® of New Zealand. By D. Sharp.
On Peripatus Nov«' Zealand^. By Captain F. W. Hutton,
Director of the Otago Museum.
Some interesting Papers also have been read during the year
at the meetings of the Royal Society of London on the Marine
Fauna of the Southern Ocean, from the pens of Mr. H. M.
Mosely and the late lamented Dr. Von Willemoes-Suhm, both of
the Challenger Expedition.
In the Geological Society of London the Papers read having
direct reference to Australia were —
On a new Fossil Crab from the Tertiary of New Zealand. By
Henry Woodward, F.R.S., F.G.S.
On some Fossil Reef-building Corals from the Tertiary deposits
of Tasmania. By Professor P. Martin Duncan, M.B.,
F.R.S., &c, President.
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 409
On the Echinodermata of the Australian Cainozoic (Ter-
tiary) deposits. By Professor P. Martin Dimcan, M.B.,
F.R.S., President.
The proceeedings of the various Foreign Societies of Natural
History do not, as far as I am aware, contain much during this
year on Australian subjects ; indeed, with the exception of a
series of Papers published in the Annals of the " Museo Civico "
of Genoa — on the Coleoptera of New Guinea, by Dr. Gestro ; on
the Birds, by Tommaso Salvadori ; and on the Mollusca, by G.
Fapparone Ganefri — I cannot recall to my memory having seen
any such Papers in any foreign periodical.
Imperfect as I admit this portion of my Address to be, I am
afraid that my attempt to give you a review of the progress of the
Science of Natural History generally must necessarily be still
more so. It is certainly not in my power to give you more than
a very incomplete sketch of the advances made in Natural
Science during the year 1876.
The number of books published, lectures given, and associations
formed, seem to be each year in excess of the preceding; and it is by
no means an easy task to keep up even a superficial acquaintance
with the accumulating facts and theories of the day. England,
once far behind France and Germany in the pursuit of Science,
seems now to have taken the first place ; while Russia, Italy, and
America seem determined not to be left far behind in the race.
In the latter country, in particular, the desire to promote Scien-
tific education is evinced by the pi'ominent place given to Natiu'al
Science in their Universities, and by the tempting offers which
they hold out to men of the highest European reputation to enter
their service. It would be well, I think, if in this respect Aus-
tralia were to follow her example.
The book of the year has been " The Geographical Distribution
of Animals," by Alfred Russell Wallace. It is a large work, in
two volumes, is replete with information, and is a book which
■
•
-110 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAX SOCIETY
should be studied by every naturalist. Mr. Wallace's chief object
throughout the work has been, no doubt, to hnd additional
evidence in favour of the theory of evolution by natural selection,
a doctrine of which he was the real originator. But, in treating
of the theory, he' does not, like some of the champions of the
cause, violently assert, as an ascertained truth, that which at best
is only a plausible hypothesis. On the contrary, Mr. Wallace,
throughout the whole of his delightful book, reasons well and fairly.
While on this subject I may mention, and also recommend,
another book, published in the early part of the year. It is a
reprint of two lectures originally delivered in the Botanical
Theatre of University College, London, and is entitled " Evolu-
tion of the Human Race, from Apes : A Doctrine unsanc-
tioned by Science." By Thomas Wharton Jones, F.B.8., &c.
Professor Jones, in his first lectm-e, deals with the natural
selection theory of Darwin. He argues, with great force, that the
apparently general gradation, in form and structure, of all living
forms, is no proof of evolution, but rather of the Divine Idea of
an Almighty Power. The second Lecture treats chiefly of
Haeckel's scheme of the line of man's descent from lower
animals, and the following summary, exhibiting the extravagance
of Haeckel's Phylogenetic hypotheses, is extracted from *lie
concluding portion of the Lecture : —
" Man, as he now is, was originally evolved from hypothetical
" speechless ape-men; these ape-men, again, were evolved from
" hypothetical men apes without tails, like the orang ; these men-
" apes from hypothetical apes with tails, like the nosed apes ; these
"tailed apes from hypothetical half -apes, like the lemur; these
" half-apes from hypothetical marsupial animals, like the kangaroo
" rat ; these marsupialia from hypothetical monotremata, like the
" ornithorhynchus, but without the duck's-bill ; these monotremata
" from hypothetical lizard-like creatures, of which no living
" resemblance is known ; these Lizard-like creatures from hypo-
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 411
" thetical water neivts, or salamanders ; these salamanders from
" hypothetical perrenni-brancliiate batrachians, like the proteus or
" axolotl ; these perenni-branchiates from hypothetical fishes, like
" the Lepido-siren ; these double-breathing fishes, from hypo-
" thetical fishes of the sliark-tribe ; these proto-fishes from
" hypothetical lampreys ; these cyclostomata from hypothetical
" Amphioxi or Launcelets, which lowest of vertebrate animals
" again were evolved from a hypothetical form of Ascidian mollusc
" or worm, low in the scale of invertebrate animals ; these asci-
" dian worms from hypothetical- soft or cavitary worms ; these from
" hypothetical solid worms ; these from hypothetical Gastrceada ;
" these from hypothetical Planceada ; these from hypothetical
" Lynamcebia, consisting of a community of homogeneous cells; these
" protozoa from hypothetical single-cell animals ; and these, lastly,
" from hypothetical spontaneously generated cytodes."
But the settlement of such a question as that of spontaneous
generation is a matter of much more importance to the world at
large than the most ingenious speculations upon subjects of which
we know nothing, and are never likely to know much.
The chief scientific discovery of the year is the entire disproval
of the doctrine.
Eor a number of years past Dr. Bastian has been conducting a
series of experiments, which satisfied him that generation of low
organisms could take place in infusions not exposed to the air, and
in which all living organisms had been destroyed by heat.
Consequent on the results of these experiments, the doctrine of
spontaneous generation and heterogenesis grew in strength, and
even eminent scientific men were reluctantly compelled to a silent
acquiescence, because they could not in any way dispute the
apparent facts.
Another reason, no doubt, why such a doctrine readily found
supporters and well-wishers, was, that it completely chimed in with
the popular chimera of Evolution. The difficulty presented to
412 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
that theory in the apparent immutability of species, was quite
removed when its disciples could point to Dr. Bastian's experi-
ments as evidences of evolution and heterogenesis going on under
their very eyes.
But Professor Tyndall, who, as we know, is capable of the
wildest nights of imagination when speculating upon what occurred
a few millions of years ago, was not disposed to believe that any
thing of the kind could occur in the present day. His thoroughly
scientific mind would not admit the possibility of living and
distinct organisms being generated from infusions of hay or beef
or mutton, or any thing else. He therefore instituted a series of
investigations and experiments, the results of which he commu-
nicated to the Royal Society in January last. He was led to
believe that the germs of many organisms, much too minute to be
visible under the most powerful microscope, were constantly float-
ing in the air. He also thought that these floating germs might
not be so destructible by heat as the organisms themselves, which
it is known are all killed by a heat of 300° of Fahrenheit. He
determined, therefore, to endeavour to supply the infusions with
an atmosphere deprived of all foreign atoms.
The ingenious manner in which he effected this is given in the
paper before alluded to.
The absolutely moteless condition of the atmosphei'e thus
obtained was shown by the fact that a concentrated beam of light
passed through the vessel containing the atmosphere was invisible,
though vivid before it entered and after it passed through. Hun-
dreds of these experiments were made with every imaginable infu-
sion ; and wherever the air was thus deprived of all floating germs,
and the infusion subjected to the usual heat, no bacteria or other
organisms ever made their appearance.
This result, so beautifully worked out by Professor Tyndall, has
been sustained by the investigations of the Rev. AV. H. Dallinger
and Dr. Drysdale.
(IF NEAV SOUTH WALES. 413
Two papers on this subject by Mr. Dallinger, published in the
April and October numbers of the " Popular Science Review," are
well worth perusal. The first is entitled " Professor Tynd all's Ex-
periments on Spontaneous Generation, and Dr. Bastian's Posi-
tion ;" the second is headed " Practical Notes on Heterogenesis,
a reputed feature of Spontaneous Generation."
A very interesting volume of the " International Scientific
Series" was published early in the year — " Animal Parasites and
Messmates," by Professor Van Beneden. The author exhibits,
as might be expected from his previous history, a very extensive
acquaintance with his subject, but the work throughout is more
of a popular than a scientific character.
Professor Ha 'ckel, who is certainly voluminous enough, if he is
nothing else, has published lately a work on what he calls " Peri-
genesis." I have not seen the book, but, judging from notices of
it, I think it must be about as unintelligible and extravagant as
his other productions.
Some of the most valuable contributions to our knowlege of
Nature have been supplied by means of lectures delivered in
various places and under various conditions throughout the year.
I may instance the Hunterian Lectures on the Relation of Ex-
tinct to Existing Mammalia, by Professor Flower, F.R.S., and lec-
tures on the Evidence as to the Origin of Existing Vertebrate
Animals, by Professor Huxley, F.R.S., &c. These last consisted
of a course of six lectures to working men, delivered in the
theatre of the Royal School of Mines. I hope the time is not
far distant when efforts will be made here to popularize and
extend scientific knowledge on such subjects as Biology, Geology,
Physics, and Chemistry, in a similar way. There are many whose
circumstances and occupations do not admit of their attendance
at day classes at the University, who would gladly avail them-
selves of an opportunity of acquiring some knowledge of science
from competent masters.
414 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
The annual meeting of the British Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science was held last September at Glasgow, and
has certainly not fallen short of any of its predecessors in the in-
teresting character of the addresses and papers read. The Presi-
dent, Professor Andrews, of Belfast, gave an inaugiu-al address of
great length, full of sound and comprehensive views, with special
reference to the subject of scientific education. The presidents of
the various sections also delivered addresses, and to one of these
— that of Alfred Russell Wallace, President of the Biological S c-
tion — I am desirous of calling special attention. His address deals
at great length, and in a most iuteresting and instructive way,
with three subjects — 1st. The influence of locality, or of some
unknown local causes in determining the coloui's of insects, and,
to a less extent, of birds ; 2nd. The way in which certain pecu-
liarities in the distribution of plants may have been brought
about by their dependence on insects ; 3rd. The present state of
our knowledge as to the antiquity and early history of mankind.
Upon this last subject Mr. Wallace makes some admissions which,
coming from a man who has always been in the van of the Evolu-
tion movement, are rather remarkable.
After pointing out that no evidence has ever been found of an
approximation in the skull of man to that of the ape tribe, and
that the oldest known crania — those from the Engis and Cro-
magnon caves — show no marks of degradation, but are fair
average human skulls, he says : — " The conclusion which I
think we must arrive at is that, if man has been developed from a
common ancestor with all existing apes, and by no other agencies
but such as have affected their development, then he must have
existed in something approaching his present form during the
tertiary period — and not merely existed, but predominated in
numbers wherever suitable conditions prevailed. If, then, con-
tinued researches in all j)arts of Europe and Asia fail to bring to
light any proofs of his presence, it will be at least a presumption
that he came into existence at a much later date, and by a much
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 415
more rapid process of development. In that case it will be a fair
argument that, just as he is in his mental and moral nature, his
capacities and aspirations, so infinitely raised above the brutes, so
his origin is due to distinct and higher agencies than such as have
affected their development." This appears to me to be equivalent
to a complete renunciation of the doctrine of Evolution.
The return of H.M.S. Challenger from her scientific cruise is
not one of the least notable events of the year. A general sketch
of the results was given in an address by Sir C. Wy ville Thomson,
at Glasgow, to the British Association, but it will probably be
some time before we get a detailed account of the discoveries and
observations made by the distinguished men who formed the
scientific staff of the Expedition.
In this sketch of the Progress of Science in 1876, I have made
no mention of the multiplicity of publications on special subjects
which have been constantly appearing. I have simply alluded to
a few works of general interest which have excited, or are likely
to excite, the special attention of the scientific world.
And now, gentlemen, before I close this address I wish to
return again to the subject with which I began it — " The Society."
I have already stated that the progress of the Society hitherto has
been, as far as useful work is concerned, far beyond my most
sanguine expectations ; and that as regards the value and utility,
and I may add quantity, of its publications, it would compare
favourably with similar societies throughout the world.
It will not, therefore, be supposed that I in any way seek to
disparage what has been clone, if I proceed to point out what we
may do, or that I think the study of any branch of Natural History
undesirable, because I may desire the field of enquiry to be
widened. And there are a good many subjects to which I should
like to see more attention paid. It has always seemed to me
rather anomalous that a Society named after the most illustrious
botanist the world has ever produced, should not have apparently
a single working botanist among its members.
416 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN "SOCIETY
I should like also to see move attention paid to the Sciences of
Geology and Paloeontology. But there are some branches of
Biological Science which have never yet occupied the attention of
any of our contributors, and which are of more importance to
mankind, and of more real interest to the man of science, than
the study or contemplation of the most gorgeous birds, or the
most perfect and beautiful flowers. I mean the study of the
history, metamorphoses, and conditions of existence of those low
forms of animal and vegetable life which are really the most
formidable enemies of man, both in his person and property, and
which are, I believe, only formidable because of our ignorance of
their history. I do not allude now to the Infusorial forms
which seem to have an active agency in the processes of fermenta-
tion and putrefaction. The study of these very minute organisms
has excited of late years so much attention among the Physiolo-
gists of Europe, that we here, with inferior appliances, less leisure,
and perhaps less skill, may very properly leave that description
of investigation for the present in other and better hands. Of its
importance, however, there cannot be a question, and now that
the spontaneous generation of Bacteria, &c, has been proved to
be a fallacy, there seems to be no limit to the important results
that may accrue to humanity from a perfect acquaintance with the
life cycle of these minute organisms. It may even lead, as
Pasteur confidently affirms it will, to the complete removal of
parasitic diseases from the earth. But there are many other
living organisms from which man himself is constantly suffering,
both directly and indirectly, whose history might, I think, with
diligence and application be wc:kecl out. These are, in the Animal
Kingdom, the Entozoa and the Acaridae, and perhaps other
simpler and less known forms ; and in the Vegetable Kingdom
the obscure fungoid growths which seem to be the cause of nearly
all the most fatal maladies to which human beings, and the
Animal Kingdom generally, are subject. In the investigation of
the animal parasites much has been done of late years, particu-
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 417
larly among the Entozoa, by the researches of Professor Van
Beneden, Dr. Cobbokl, and others, and their results have shown
clearly the advantages to be derived, in a sanitary point of view,
from our. improved knowledge. As regards the mere cure of
disease, I do not know that we have gained much. Medical men
knew how to destroy a Tcenia, and eradicate the Itch, long before
they know the history of the one, or that the other was caused by
a subcutaneous Acarus. But the value of these discoveries as a
means to the prevention of disease is incalculable. Thus, since it
has been ascertained that the Gysticercus cellulosce, or measle
of the pig, is the larval or scolex condition of the Tcenia solium of
the man, we know that no one can suffer from that tapeworm unless
he is an eater of raw or under-cooked pork. In the same way the
Gysticercus of the calf becomes a perfect Tcenia mecliocanellata in
the human being, but it can only be introduced there by eating
uncooked veal or beef.
The discovery, due chiefly to Van Beneden and Dr. Cobbold,
that the Entozoa, to complete their cycle of existence, must in-
habit under widely different forms, two equally widely different
hosts, furnishes us with the means of understanding much which
was previously unintelligible, and gives us, at the same time, a
possible explanation of subjects on which we are, up to the present
time, quite in the dark.
For instance, thei*e are some most formidable diseases which are
universally ascribed to the action of poisonous germs inhaled from
sewers or cesspools, or swallowed in impure water — such as Diph-
theria, Dysentery, Typhoid or Enteric Fever, and Cholera. The
first of these we know to be caused by a species of Oiclium, a fungus
of the same genus as that which produces the vine disease, Oidium
Tuckeri, but we know nothing of the history of the plant beyond
that it seems to thrive best in ill-drained localities, and that the
disease it causes is not directly infectious. Dysentery also is not
directly infectious, though when it breaks out in any locality it
generally spreads with amazing rapidity. Typhoid Fever and
418 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LTNNEAN SOCIETY
Cholera will in like manner sometimes spread themselves
rapidly in certain spots subject to certain influences, but they ai'e
generally admitted not to be directly infectious. I think it may
fairly be deduced from these peculiarities that the plants to
which these diseases owe their origin, pass through different
stages of existence much in the same way as animal parasites have
been found to do.
There is nothing improbable or contrary to what we know of
Nature in this hypothesis. The lowest forms of animal and
vegetable life approach one another so closely that there are
whole families which have been classed by eminent naturalists
sometimes in the one kingdom and sometimes in the other.
It is easy also to imagine that a fungus which would germinate
freely in its proper " pabulum," and send out its fertile spores in
myriads throughout surrounding space, might be incapable of per-
fection and reproduction when conveyed to the body of a human
being, though quite capable of producing violent disease. And
accepting this as, I think, a probable solution of the question, we
would naturally be led to infer that diseases directly infectious,
which are supposed to have a somewhat similar origin, such as
Measles, Scarlet Fever, and Small-pox, are caused by vegetable
growths, which attain perfection and have the power of reproduc-
tion in the human body.
At all events, it must be admitted that by studying and fol-
lowing out the life history of these parasitic plants, we shall be in
a better position than we now are to confer an immense benefit on
mankind by limiting the range of these diseases, if they cannot be
altogether extirpated.
There is an immense field open here for investigation, and I
am most desirous that this very important branch of Biological
Science should receive the attention it merits from the members
of this Society. And I would recommend this line of inquiry
more particularly to those members who belong to the noble pro-
fession of medicine, as by the nature of their education and their
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 419
opportunities of observation, they are of all others the best
<q ualified for such investigations.
Gentlemen, — I must now conclude. I dare say I shall be
charged with inviting your attention to a subject in itself un-
inviting, but to the man of Science no inquiry can be distaste-
ful which may lead to such grand results as I have pointed out,
and surely to the medical man the acquirement of a knowledge
of the source and cause of disease must be a nobler object of
a mbition than the highest skill in the empirical treatment of
symptoms.
The Honorary Treasurer, Mr. H. H. B. Bradley, read a report
on the financial condition of the Society, showing that the gross
receipts for 1876 amounted to £120 6s., which, together with
previous balances, gave a total of £221 10s. The payments for
1876 amounted to £125 10s., leaving a balance on 31st December
of £95 lis. lOd. Including the subscriptions payable on 1st
January, 1877, there were due for subscriptions, sales of copies of
Transactions, &c, £262 Is. There were no outstanding liabilities,
and the roll of members numbered 130.
The following were elected office-bearers and members of
Council for the year 1877 :—
W. J. Stephens, M.A., President.
Sir William Macarthur, Vice-President.
J. Stackhouse, R.N"., Honorary Secretary.
H. H. B. Bradley, Honorary Treasurer.
Council: H. G. Alleyne, M.D.; P. Mackay, William Macleay,
F.L.S.; E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S.; C. S. Wilkinson, F.G.S., Govern-
ment Geologist; and R. D. Ward, M.A.
Honorary Members: Baron Ferdinand Von Mueller, C.M.G.,
M. and Ph. D., F.RS., &c, and Count Castlenau, Consul-General
of France in Melbourne, were elected the first honorary members
of the Society.
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THE
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
LINNEAN SOCIETY
OF
NEW SOUTH WALES.
VOL I.
TART THE FIRST.
WILLIAMS AND NORGATE,
14, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON;
and 20, SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBURGH.
CONTENTS OF PART I.
l'age.
List of Members iii
Rules vii
Description of fourteen new species of Shells from Australia and
the Solomon Islands. By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S 1
Description of a new Ptilotis from the Endeavour By E. Pierson
Ramsay, F.L.S., Curator Australian Museum 9
Notes on the Eutozoa of a Sun Fish. By W. Macleay, F.L.S 12
Notes .on a new species of Dendrophis from Cleveland Bay. By
William Macleay, F.L.S. 15
Descriptions of eight species of Australian and Tasruanian Land
. and Fresh Water Shells. By John Brazier, CM Z S. 17
On the Stone Implements of Australia and tlic South Sea Islands.
By James C. Cox, M.D., F.L S., &c 21
Description of a new Trichoglossus. By E. Pierson Ramsay,
X.lj.p. .••« .... .... .... .... M,i .... .*•• .••• 30
A new genus and species of Rat Kangaroo. By E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S. 33
Notes on the Zoology of the Chevcrt Expedition. By William
Macleay, F.L.S 36
Characters of a new genus and species of Passerine Bird from the
Fiji Islands. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S. 41
Descriptions of a new species of Merula and Rhypidura from the
Fiji Islands. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S 43
Ornithology of the Chevert, Part 1. By George Masters 44
A new Pachycephala from Fiji. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L S 65
A new Pachycephala from New Britain. By E. Pierson Ramsay,
PL.S 66
Description of a new Lampiolia. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S. 68
The Avifauna of the Figian Group. By E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S 69
Description of a new Bat. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S 81
Annual Address. By the President 83
rTT^u
^3S*=SaS^-d?9Sa=^3S^^3SS=S9S:3t^^«ar^RS^$3fia:^9.
THE
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
LINNEAN SOCIET\
NEW SOUTH WALES.
A^OL. I.
PART THE SECOND.
[With Plate.]
SYDNEY:
PBINTED & ETTBXiISECIEDD IFOZR, THE SOCIETY
J3Y piBBS, jSHALLAF^D, & £0, , loS PlTT ^TREET,
AND SOLD BY THE SOCIETY.
1876.
[Price 3/-]
^5£^^5e^^^z^3^^^3£^^5fi5r^u5e^-e5€^:^S£5r^*
"v^JUa
CONTENTS OF PART II.
Page.
Description of two species of Helix from Queensland. By Joun
Brazier, C.M.Z.S 97
Description of thirty-five new species of Land Shells collected during
the Chevert Expedition. By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S 98
Notes on a Collection of Geological Specimens from Torres Straits
and New Guinea. By C. S. Wilkinson, government Geologist 113
List of Land Shells of the Chevert Expedition. By John Brazier,
C.M.Z.S 117
Description of a new Ptilinopus from New Hebrides. ByE. Pierson
Eamsay, F.L.S 133
Description of a new Plover from North Australia. By E. Pierson
Ramsay, F.L.S 135
Description of a species of Pupina from Barrow Island. By John
Brazier, C.M.Z.S 136
The Araneides of the Chevert Expedition. By H. H. B. Bradley, Esq. 137
The Pleurotomidae of the Chevert Expedition. By John Brazier,
C.M.Z.S 151
On a new species of Kangaroo from New Guinea. By E. Pierson
Ramsay, F.L.S 162
Notes on some New Guinea Coleoptera. By William Macleay, F.L.S. 164
£§&k
m
THE
PROCEEDINGS
OF TIIE
LINNEAN SOCIETY
OF
NEW SOUTH WALES
VOL. I.
PART THE THIRD
'With Eight Plates.]
m
SYDNEY :
PRINTED & PUBLISHED FOB THE SOCIETY
BY plBBS, ^HALLAF^D, 8j £0,, 1 08 ^ITT J5TREET,
AND SOLD BY THE SOCIETY.
1876.
[Price 5/-]
CONTENTS OF PART III.
Page.
List of Marine Shells, with Descriptions of the new species
collected during the Chevert Expedition. By John
Brazier, CM. Z.S 169
List of Australian Game Birds and other species which should
be protected by the " Game Preservation Act." By E.
Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S, Curator ot the Museum, Sydney *182
Remarks on a supposed new species of Poephila. By E.
Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S 107
List of Shells collected daring the Chevert Expedition. By
John Brazier, C.M.Z.S 199
Remarks on the large number of Game Birds which have of
late been offered for sale in Sydney. By E. Pierson
Ramsay, F.L.S., C\irator of the Australian Museum ... 215
On some new forms of Arachnid®. By H. H. B. Bradley, Esq.
(with plate) 220
List of Shells collected during the Chevert Expedition. By
John Brazier, C.M.Z.S 224
On a new genus of Arachnid®. By H. H. B. Bradley, Esq. 240
Observations on the genus Mmlla. By Rev. J. E. Tenison-
Woods, F.L.S., F.G.S., Ac., &c 242
List of Shells collected during the Chevert Expedition, with
descriptions of the rtew species. By John Brazier, C .M. Z. S. 249
The Ichthyology of the Chevert Expedition. BjT Haynes
Gibbes Alleyne, M.D., and William Macleay, F.L.S.
(with plates) 261
Note on Poephila Gouldise. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S.... 281
THE
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
9)
LINNEAN SOCIETY
OF
i;
ft
NEW SOUTH WAIVES
VOL. I.
.
PART THE. FOURTH.
With Eight Plates.]
m
v
SYDNKY :
1
•RUKTTIEJID &; PT7ELISHED IFOIR, TIEI.© SOCIETY
By pIBBS, ^MALLARD, fy pO, lo8 PlTT ^IREET,
AND 80LD BY THE SOCIETY.
1877.
Price, 7 6.]
CONTENTS OF PART IV.
Continuation of the Mollusca of the Chevert Expedition By
John Brazier, C.M.Z.S ...
Notes on the Entomology of New Ireland."' By William
Macleay, F.L.S.
Notes on Laevicardium Beechii. By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S
Description of a new species of Halm„turus, from New
Ireland. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., Curator of the
Australian Museum
Description of a new species of Perameks, from New' Ireland.
ByE. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., &c.
Continuation of the Mollusca of the Chevert Expedition. By
John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
The Ichthyology of the Chevert Expedition (2)'.' By Havnks
Girbes Alleyne, M.D., and William Maoleay, F.L.S
(with eight plates. )
Description of a new species of Petrogtile, from the Palm
Islands. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L. S. , $c
Notes on the Nidification of &ofcw6i V,,,,,^/,, all(i
chrysorrhons. By George Masters, Curator of the Mac-
leayan Museum.
Continuation of the Mollusca of the Chevert Expedition Bv
John Brazier, CM. Z. S.^
Note of a collection of Birds from New Britain, New Ireland
and the Duke of York Islands, with some remarks on the
Zoology of the Group. By E. Pikrso* rAMsaY) F. L g
Antes Qn Peramehs CWUrdlii By E. Person R^y,
F.L.S., itc.
Notes of a collection of Birds from the Norman River.' Culf of
Carpentaria. By M. Le Comte be Castelnau, Consul
. General of France, and E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L S &Q
Notes on a collection of Birds from Port Moresby, with de's-
•GTiptiong of new species. By E. Pierson Ramsav. F L S
Annual Address by the President.
361
36*1
37h
:57!>
386
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