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^>K^^LDS  HISTORICAI- 
GENEALOGY  COLLECTION 


ALLEN  COUNTY  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


3  1 


833  01740  051 


GENEALOGY 
974.9 
,N421PA 
1922 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2010  with  funding  from 

Allen  County  Public  Library  Genealogy  Center 


http://www.archive.org/details/proceedingsofnew1922newj 


w 


OF  THE 


NEW  JERSEY 

ISTORICAL  SOCIETY 


A  MAGAZINE  OF  HISTORY,  BIOGRAPHY 
AND  NOTES  ON  FAMILIES 


NEW  SERIES 


Volume   VII— 1922 


New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

16  West  Park  Street 

Newark,  N.  J. 


V' 


ILLUSTRATIONS 

Facing  Page 
Scott,  Dr.  Austin  ......__-    257 

Shippen  Manor,  Oxford  Furnace,  N.  J.        -        -        -        -        -     177 

CONTENTS— JANUARY,   1922 

Page 
The  Stirling  Baronetcy  Patents  and  General  William  Alex- 
ander's Claim    ----------i 

Some    Unpublished    Scots    East    Jersey    Proprietors'    Letters, 

i683-'84 4 

Quit-rents  in  Colonial  New  Jersey  as  a  Contributing  Cause 

for  the  American  Revolution.     By  Hon.  James  C.  Connolly       13 
Two  Loyalist  Officers  of  New  Jersey — Barnes  and  Antil.    By 

E.  Alfred  Jones  ----------       21 

The  Condict  Revolutionary  Record  Abstracts  (Continued)       -      25 
Some  Muster  Rolls  in   Military  Companies  in   Somerset      -      32 
Lettfj?  Concerning  the  Battle  at  Germantown,   1777      -        -      34 
The  New  Brunswick  of  Over  a  Century  Ago.     By  John  P.  IVall.     35 
A  Slave  Bill  of  Sale  of  1724        .---.-.40 
Correspondence  Relating  to  the  Morris  Family         -        -        -      41 
A  Young  M.\n's  Journal  of  1800-1813    ------      49 

Some  Recent  New  Jersey  Books    -------59 

Necrology  of  Members  ---------60 

Historical  Notes  and  Co.mments.    By  the  Editor         -        -        -      67 
Queries   and   Miscellany       --------74 

Annual   Meeting  of  the   Society        ------      79 

CONTENTS— APRIL,  1922 

Page 
Travel  Across  New  Jersey  in  the  Eighteenth   Century  and 

Later.    By  William  H.  Benedict      ------  97 

Unpublished  Scots  East  Jersey  Proprietors'  MSS.    -        -        -  119 

A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  (Continued)     -        -        -  122 

The  Condict  Revolutionary  Record  Abstracts  (Continued)  -  134 
The  Preakness   Valley    Settlement   and  the   Dey   Mansion. 

By  John  Neafie          ---------  140 

The   "Washingto.n   Headquarters"    in    Montclair.     By   Major 

W.  I.  Lincoln  Adams         --------  143 

Americans  at  the  Second  Battle  of  the  Marne          -        -        _  145 

Necrology  of  Members    ---------  148 

Historical  Notes  and  Comments.    By  the  Editor        -        -        -  158 

Queries   and   Miscellany       --------  164 

New  Jersey  Historical  and  Patriotic  Societies   -        -        -        -  175 


CONTENTS— JULY,  1922 

Page 

The  Boakd  of  Proprietors  of  East  Jersey.  By  David  McGregor  177 
PkOFESSOR  Benedict  Jaeger,  Early  Entomologist  of  New  Jersey. 

By  Harry  B.  Weiss 196 

New  Jersey  Over  a  Century  Ago,  as  Seen  by  a  Frenxhman.    By 

Joseph  F.  Folsom 207 

A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  (Continued)         ...  210 

The  Growth  of  Our  Postal  Facilities.    By  William  H.  Benedict  217 

The  Figure  He,\d  of  Jackson.  By  Frederick  A.  CanftelJ  -  -  221 
Number  of  Soldiers  in  the  Revolution.     By  Cornelius  C.  Ver- 

vieule           ...--------  223 

The  Condict  Revolutionary  Record  Abstracts  (Continued)  -  227 
The  Old  Shippen   Manor  at  Oxford  Furnace.   N.  J.     by  Dr. 

George  S.  Bangcrt      -         -         -         -         -         --         -         -  232 

Notes  on  the  Aten   (Auten)    Family.     By  the  Editor      -        -  235 

ANNU.A.L  Meeting  of  the  Woman's   Branch       .        .        -        -  241 

Necrology  of  Members    ---------  243 

Historical  Notes  and  Comments.     By  the  Editor      ...  250 

Queries   and   Miscellany       --------  255 

CONTENTS— OCTOBER,  1922 

Page 
In  Memoriam — Dr.  Austin  Scott.    By  Rev.  Dr.  W.  H.  S.  Detn- 

arest 257 

George  Scot,  of  Pitlochy.  By  Edith  H.  Mather  -  -  -  260 
James   W.   Marshall,  the   New   Jersey   Discoverer   of   Gold. 

By  Elias  Vosseller 278 

English  Convicts  in  the  American  Army  in  the  War  of  Inde- 
pendence.    By  E.  Alfred  Jones        ------  286 

Judge  Symmes  on  Indian  Hostilities    ------  291 

Witches  in   New  Jersey.     By  Joseph  Fulford  Folsom          -        -  293 

A  Young  Man's  Journal  of   1800-1813.     (Continued)         -        -  305 

Some  Books  Received      ---------  314 

Necrology  of  Members      --_-.----  316 

Historical  Notes  and  Comments.     By  the  Editor      -        -        -  324 

Queries  and  Miscellany        .----.--  330 


;  New  Series 


JANUARY,  1922 


Vol.  VII,  No.  1 


rr^S^:.i^r£:^;^2;'iS2E2g2^  l^SSa^  E^SS^S^SrT!S!r^gSSeE5S^iSS!SiIv"/:iS3SS:^ 


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PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


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^1 


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Devoted  to 
New  Jersey  History,  Biography  and  Genealogy 


LIBRARY  AT 
16  WEST  PARK  ST.,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 


Entered  as  second  clnsa  matter  Au{,'U3t  18.  1917,  at  the  post  oiiice  at  Soraonrille, 
New  Jersey,  under  the  Act  of  Auijust  24,  1912. 


Proceedings  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical 
.    -  Society 

3Poun&c&  In  tbe  13ear  1845 


Publication  Committee: 
A.  VAN  DOREN  HONEYMAN,  Editor. 
JOSEPH  F.  FGLSOAI,  Chairman. 

EDWIN  R.  WALJCER.  WILLIAM  M.  JOHNSON. 

AUSTIN  SCOTT.  HIP-AM  E.  DEATS. 


.  JANUARY,  1922.— CONTENTS 

k.  Page 

K  The  Stirling  Baronetcy  Patents  and  General  William.  Alex- 

I.K'  ander's    Claim  __-_-___-i 

kr-  Some   Unpublished    Scots   East   Jersey    Proprietors'   Letters, 

\r  _  i683-'84 4 

it  -  Quit-rents  in  Colonial  New  Jersey  as  a  Contributing  Cause 

r  FOR  the  American  Revolution.    By  Hon.  James  C.  Connolly      13 

I.-  .  Tv/o  Loyalist  Officers  of  New  Jersey — Barnes  and  Antill.  By 

l...  E.    Alfred    Jones        ---------21 

\:r--  The    Condict    Revolutionary    Record    Aestkacts     (Continued)      25 

'  Some  Muster  Rolls  in  Military  Companies  in  Somerset        -      32 

Letter  Concern  ing  the  Battle  at  Germantown,  1777        -        -      34 
f..  -  The  New  Brunswick  of  Over  a  Century  Ago.    By  John  P.  Wall      35 

I7  A  Slave  Bill  of  Sale  of  1724        --        -        -        -        -        -40 

P.".  Correspondence  Relating  to  the  IsfoRRis  Family       -       -        -      41 

A   Young   Man's  Journal  of   1800-1813     •■-      .-        -        -        -      49 

I-  Some   Recent    New    Jersey    Books       -  .  ,  -        -        -        -        -      59 

i-.  Necrology  of   Members   ---------60 

;-•  Edward    W.    Barnes — Milton    Demarest — Dr.    Calvin    Ncyes 

|'j_        ,•  Kendall — Camillus     G.     Kidder — Gen.     Alfred     Alexander 

jV-  WoodhuU — I'Vederick    Halsey    Doremus — Mrs.    Stephen    H. 

Plum,  Sr. — Jerome  Taylor. 
Historical    Notes    and    Comments        ------      67 

Famous    "No.    i,    Broadway"    and    Its    History — The    Early 
Codrinpton  Place  a  Public  Park — The  Name  of  Von  Steu- 
:  ben — The   Death   of   a   Pioneer    Suffragist — The   Origin   of 

'\i' ■  "Rip   Van    Winkle" — A    Unique    Centennial    Celebration — A 

f.  John  Woolman  Memorial  Association — New  Jersey  Scholar 

'  Goes  to   Denmark — The  Judge   Connolly  Article  on  Quit- 

rents — Princeton's  Great  Library. 
ir  ■  Queries  and   Misceli^vny        .-__---.      74 

»;   '-  Kirkpatricks  of  Scotland — John  Fenwick's  Arrival — Graves  in 

i  Churches — Moore-Smalley — Drake     Family — Allen-Wyckoff 

-  — Albertson    Family  —  Breese  —  Paterson — Bebout — Clark — 

Gamble. 
Annual   Meeting  of  the   Society       ------      79 

Minutes  of  Annual  Meeting — Report  of  Board  of  Trustees — 
t._.  "  Report    of    Corresponding    Secretary — Report    of    Library 

«.  Committee — Report  of  Woman's   Branch — Report  of  Alem- 

bership  Committee — Report  of  Treasurer. 
Officers  for  I92i-'22       -____-__-96 


The  Procef-Dings  is  issued  Quarterly,  on  the  first  of  January,  April, 
July  and  October.  Terms  included  in  Membership  Dues;  to  others, 
$2.50  a  year  in  advance;  single  numbers,  65  cents.    Address: 

NEW  JERSEY  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY, 
16  West  Park  St.,  Newark,  N.  J. 


S2.50  Per  Annum 
New  Seriea 


APRIL,  1922 


n^ 


Single  Number,  65  cents 

Vol.  Vn,  No.  2 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

New  Jersey 


n 


9 


ininf^Tfi-s^icaii 


ii 


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'■^^  ^r^  ^/^  ]i  f^']f%f 


A  Quarterly  Magazine 

Devoted  to 
New  Jersey  History,  Biography  anc!  Genealogy 


'i 


?    1 


'i 


LIBRARY  AT 
16  WE5T  PARK  ST.,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 


Entered  as  second  clat3  matter  Aug-usi.  18,  1917.  at  the  post  oflic*  at  SomerrUle, 
New  Jcrsoy,  under  tba  Act  cf  Au^pist  24,  1911. 


Proceedings  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical 

Society 

3foun^cO  fn  tbc  Kear  1845 


Publicaiion   Covimittee: 
A.  VAN  DOREN  HONEYMAN,  Editor. 
JOSEPH  F,  FQLSOM,  Ckainnnn. 

EDWIN  R.  WALKER.  WILLIAM  M.  JOHNSON. 

AUSTIN  SCOTT.  HIRAM  E.  DEATS. 


APRIL,  1&22.-CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Travel  Across  New  Jersey  jn  the  Eighteenth  Century  and 

Later.      By  William  H.  Benedict 97 

Unpublished  Scots  East  Jersey  Proprietors'  MSS.     -       -       -    119 

A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  (Continued)     -       -       -    122 

The  Condict  Revolutionary  Record  Abstracts  (Continued)       -    134 

The  Preakness  Valley   Settlement  and  the  Dey   Mansion. 

By  John  Neafie  __-------     140 

The  "Wasiiingion  Headquartfj^s"  in  Montclair.     By  Major 

IV.   I.   Lincoln   Adams 143 

Americans  at  the  Second  Battle  of  the  Marne      -       -       -    I45 

Necrology  of  Members     ---------    148 

Col.  Frederick  G.  Agens— Edv/ard  Theodore  Bell— J.  Edward 
Borden— William  H.  lUnaett— Henry  Mead  Dorcmns— 
Robert  I.  Hopper— James  Lawrence  Kearny— Ephraim 
Morrison — Joseph  Ridgcway  Such — Francis  Cuyler  van  Dyke, 
Jr. — Hon.  Bennet  Van  Syckel. 

Historical  Notes  and  Comments    -------    158 

Getting  to  New  Orleans,  1800,  1839,  1922- "The  Stirling 
Baronetcv,"  etc. — The  "Printer's  Door"  from  Burlington — 
Our  Neglected  Public  Records— Hall  of  Fame  for  Old  Trees 
^— The  Preparation  of  a  Family  History— Sussex  County's 
Historical  Home. 

Queries  and  Miscellany         -       -       -        -       -        -_-        -    164 

Governor  Livingston's  Family — Governor  Ogden's  Elizabeth 
Office— Postoffices  in  New  Jersey  in  1800 — Coddington — 
Long,  the  Tory  Schoolmaster — Gordon — Graves  in  New  Jer- 
sey Churches — Burnet— Casier — Van  Arsdale — Flying,  or 
"Air  Ship,"  of  1817 — Governor  Hamilton's  Correspondence 
— Soldiers  in  the  Revolution — Barclay. 

New  Jersey  Historical  and  Patriotic  Societies    -       -       -       -    175 


The  Proceedings  is  issued  Quarterly,  on  the  first  of  January,  April, 
July  and  October.  Terms  included  in  Membership  Dues;  to  others, 
$2.50  a  year  in  advance;  single  numbers,  65  cents.    Address: 

NEW  JERSEY  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY, 
16  West  Park  St.,  Newark,  N.  J. 


$2.50  Per  Annum 

New  Series  JULY,  1922 


Single  Number,  65  cents 

Vol.  VII,  No.  3 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


■Sn^ 


IT  tf  ® 


f^ 


T'-'-^'^Silt.UaB 


A  Ouarteiij  MagaziSe 

Devoted  to 
New  Jeri^ey  Histdry;  Bioip'^iphy  and  Genealogy 


Ij-f-rfrrw^ssj^i., 


LIBRARY  AT 
16  WFST  PARK  ST.,  l^EWARK,  II  J, 


1  •:i3E?:-i^r^i^:^-'^K^irvs:3^.^[ES^:iiESJ^  ^''::  ;•  J 


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P 

Hnltirod  aa  second  cl.i'-fi  matter  Aupust  lii,  1917,  at  tho  po.-it  orlice  lit  Sorn«rrUV9, 
I-Jfiv.   Joisay,  uiidor  tJia  Act  of  Au«ru;4t  24,  l'J12. 


Proceedings  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical 

Society 

jfounDcCt  in  tbc  i;?car  1845 


Publication  Committee: 
A.  VAN^DOREN  HONEYMAN,  Editor. 
JOSEPH  F.  FOLSOM.  Chaifman. 
EDWIN  R.  WALKER.  WILLIAM  M.  JOHNSON. 

AUSTIN  SCOTT.  HIRAM  E.  DEATS. 


JULY  1922— CONTENTS 

PACE 

The  Board  of  Proprietors  of  Fast  Jersey.    By  David  McGregor     177 

Professor  Bknedict  Jaegek,  Early  Entomologist  of  New  Jersey. 

By  Harry  B.  Weiss 196 

New  Jersey  Over  a  Centuky  .Ago,  as  Seen  by  a  Frenchman.    By 

Rev.  Joseph  F.  folsoin       --------    207 

A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  i8(XD-i8i3.     (Continued)     -        -        -    210 

The  Growth  of  Our  Postal  Facilities.    By  IVilliam  H.  Benedict    217 

The  Figure  Head  of  Jackson.    By  Frederick  A.  Canficld    -        -    221 

NuMDER  of  Soldiers  in  the  Revolution.     By  Cornelius  C.  Ver~ 

mculc  .--_----.--    223 

The  Condict  Revolutionary  Record  Abstracts.     (Continued)     -    227 

The  Old  Snin-EN  AL\nor  at  Oxford  Furnace,  N.  J.     By  Dr. 

George  S.  Bangert      ---------    232 

Notes  on  the  Aten  (.\uten)  Family,     By  the  Editor        -        -    235 

Annual  Meeting  of  the  Woman's  Branch        -        -        -        -    241 

Neckolocy  of  Members    ---------    243 

Miss  Mabel  Baldwin  Bcardsley — Rev.  Cornelius  Brett,  D.  D. — 
William  H.  Burnett— Hector  Craig  Fitz  Randolph — George 
Jotham  Hagar — Rev.  Roswell  Randall  Hoes — Alfred  Rogers 
Turner. 

Historical  Notes  and  Com.ments    -      -        -        -        -        -        -    250 

Some  Interesting  Facts  About  the  Quibbletown  Encampment 
— General  Knox's  Headquarters — Soldiers  in  the  American 
Revolution— :The  "Board  of  Proprietors"  Article. 

Queries   and   Miscellany        -        -        -        -        -        -        -.-    255 

Holcouib-Barber — Johnson-Kclley — Mickle — The  Kingston,  N. 
Y.,  Baptismal,  Etc.,  Records — Kirkpatricks  in  Scotland — 
Luse. 


The  PkocEicDrNGS  is  inssicd  Quarterly,  on  th<:  first  of  Jr.n';!:,ry,  April, 
July  and  October.  Terms  included  in  Membership  Dues;  to  others, 
$2.50  a  year  in  advance;  single  numbers,  65  cents.    Address: 

NEW  JERSEY  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 
16  West  Park  St,  Newark,  N.  J. 


New  Series 


OCTOBER,  1922 


Vol.  VII,  No.  4 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  TH; 


^ew  Jersey 


TT  Tfft 


i:^A 


•;s^=is^s^3ri 


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A  Quarterly  Magasine 

Chiefly  Devoted  to 
Nev/  Jersey  Kistory,  Biography  and  Genealogy 


^■s^ 


LIBRARY  AT 
16  WEST  PARK  ST.,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 


Entered  as  second  clasa  matter  Au^ju.it  18.  1917,  at  the  post  offlce  at  SoEQ«rTll<«, 
New  Jen^7,  under  the  Act  of  ▲ug:uat  24.  iiJlS. 


Proceedings  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical 

Society'" 

3founJ)c&  in  tbe  L'cat  IS45 


i  Publication  Coinmiitee:  "  , 

I  A.  VAN  DOREK  HONE\'MAN,  Editor. 

t  JOSEPH  F.  FOLSOM,  Chairman. 

j  EDWIN  R.  WALKER.  WILLIAM  M.  JOHNSON. 

!  AUSTIN  SCOTT.  HIRAM  E.  DEATS. 

\ 

i  '  

I  ■  

I  OCTOBER,  1922-CONTENTS 

I  PAGE 

i  In  l^iEMosiAM — Dp.  Austin  Scott.    B3'  Rev.  Dr.  IV.  H.  S.  Devi- 

i  crest         -         ~         -        '         -•..----    257 

t 

i  G::ORGE  Scot,  cf  Fitlochy.    By  Ediih  H.  Mather    ■    -        -        -    260 

[  James   W.   Marsh.\ll,   the   New   Jersey   Discoverer   of   Gold. 

By  Elias  Vosseller      -.---.---    278 

y  English  Convicts  in  the  American  Army  in  the  War  of  Inde- 

I     '  PENDENCE.     By  E.  Alfred  Jones        ------    286 

I  Judge  Symmes  on  Indian  Hostilities    -        -        -        -  -       -  291 

't  Witches  in  New  Jersey.     By  Joseph  Fulford  Folsom  -        -  293 

\-  _                  A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813.     (Continued)  -       -  305 

'  Some  Books  Received      -        -        -        --        -        -  --  3x4 

Necrology  of  ^Members      ---------    316 

Andrew  Lemuel  Cobb — James  vS.  Higbee — Dr.  Austin  Scott — 
Rev.  John  Preston  Searle,  D.  D. — Augustus  C.  Studer — Dr. 
Thcron  Ycomnns  Sutphen — John  Lowrance  Swayze — La  Rue 
Vredenburgh,  Jr. 

1  Historical  Notes   and   Comments        -_-._-    324 

I  President  Harding-  Elected  an  Honorary  Alember  of  the  Soci- 

'\  ety — An  "Air  Ship"  of  1817  and  An  Early  Poem — A  Patriotic 

!  Negro  of  tlie  Revolution — Col.  Charles  Stewart  as  Commis- 

\  sary  General — The  Article  on  "English  Convicts" — Additions  " 

I  to  and   Corrections  in  th.e   List  of   Patriotic   Societies — The 

;  Urquehart  Indian  Relic  Collection. 

I  Queries  and  Miscellany        -        -        -        -        -        -       '-        -    330 

j  Breece-Van      Zandt-Tunison — Gordon      Family — Kirkpatrick — 

1  Love-Lore-Loree — Board     of     Proprietors — Burnet — EHza- 

j  bethtowu  Minutes — New  Orleans  Letter,  1833. 


The  Proceedincs   is   issued   Quarterly,   about  the   first   of  Januar\', 
April,   July  and    October.    Terms    included    in    jMcmbership    Dues ;    to 
others,  $2.50  a  year  in  advance;  single  numbers,  65  cents.     Address: 
NEW  JERSF.Y  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY, 

16  West  Park  St.,  Newark,  N.  J. 


Proceedings 

of  the 


New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

New  Series 
VUl^.    Vil.  JANUARY,  1922  No.    1 


THE  STIRLIJTG  BARONETCY  PATENTS  AND  GEN- 
ERAL "WILLIAM  ALEXANDER'S  CLAIM 

I  It  is  three  hundred  years  ago  since  the  charter  was  given  to 

I  the  early  Sir  William  Alexander,  through  whom  the  General 

I  William  Alexander  of  Basking  Ridge,  this  State,  known  in 

I  American  history  as  Lord  Stirling,  claimed  his  right  as  a  peer. 

I  Some  account  of  the  General's  visit  to  Europe  to  secure  the 

I  earldom  appears  in  Duer's  "Life  of  Lord  Sterling"  (Coll.  N. 

[  J.  Hist.  Soc,  Vol.  II,  pp.  I0-.-8),  but  we  have  nowhere  seen 

[  until  now  a  clear  statement  of  the  reasons  for  and  basis  of  the 

I  claim.     The  following  from  the  "New  York  Sun"  of  Sept. 

I  19,  1921,  by  the  Marquise  de  Fontenoy,  if  in  detail  correct, 

I  must  prove  of  interest  to  many  of  our  readers.    After  stating 

;■  that  Nova  Scotia,  which  has  been  celebrating  its  tercentenary, 

"is  the  only  surviving  colony  of  Scotland,"  having  been  "offi- 
cially Scotch  from  the  beginning,"  the  article  continues: 

"It  [Nova  Scotia]  was  granted  by  James  VI.  of  Scotland 
(who  was  also  James  I.  of  England)  by  charter  to  Sir  William 
Alexander,  as  its  hereditary  Lieutenant-General,  just  300  years 
ago  'to  be  holden  of  us  from  our  Kingdom  of  Scotland  as  a 
part  thereof,'  and  is  the  only  Province  of  the  Dominion  of  Can- 
ada that  has  a  flag  of  its  own — a  blue  St.  Andrew's  Cross  with 
the  Scottish  lion  rampant  in  gold. 

"Sir  William  Alexander,  who  may  be  regarded  as  the  real 

father  of  Nova  Scotia,  was  a  favorite  of  this  King  James  and 

was  in  turn  a  gentleman  in  waiting  to  Henry,  Prince  of  Wales, 

and  to  his  younger  brother,  afterward  Charles  I.     According 

I 


2.  Proceedings  Neiv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

to  Scottish  genealogy,  he  belonged  to  the  same  family  as  the  ; 

Macdonalds,  Lords  of  the  Isles,  one  of  his  ancestors,  Alexander  | 

Macdonald,  a  younger  son  of  the  Lord  of  the  Isles,  obtaining  j 

a  grant  of  certain  lands  in  the  county  of  Clackmanan,  where  j 

his  descendants  abandoned  the  name  of  Macdonald  and  adopted  j 

that  of  Alexander.  1 

"Among  them  was  the  above  mentioned  Sir  William  Alex-  1 

ander  of  Clackmananshire,  who  had,  like  the  Macdonalds  of  ! 

the  Isles,  the  blood  of  King  Robert  II.  of  Scotland  in  his  veins.  | 

Just  300  years  ago  he  received  from  James  I.  enormous  grants  j 

of  land  in  America,  embracing  Nova   Scotia,   and  even  the  • 

greater  part  of  what  is  now  Canada.     Sir  William's  enterprise, 
-despite  King  James'  offer  of  a  baronetcy  to  everyone  who  i 

would  furnish  'one  thousand  Markis  Scottis  money'  and  six  j 

men  'armed,  apparelled  and  victualled  for  two  years'  toward  \ 

Scotland's  new  colony,  did  not  prove  very  successful  in  a  fman-  | 

cial  way,  and  when  Charles  I.  succeeded  to  the  throne  he  auth-  j 

orized  Sir  William,  who  had  meanwhile  been  created  Viscount  i 

Canada  and  Earl  of  Stirling,  to  sell  baronetcies  on  this  side  of  1 

the  Atlantic,  the  purchasers  receiving  in  addition  to  the  so-  I 

called  Nova  Scotia  baronetcy  a  grant  of  land  in  New  Scotland,  1 

which  they  undertook  to  colonize.  j 

"Lord  Stirling  is  known  to  have  had  two  hundred  patents  1 

for  baronetcies,  if  not  more,  signed  by  Charles  I.  in  blank,  ! 

given  to  him  for  the  purpose.    According  to  some  authorities,  ' 

the  number  of  these  blank  patents  was  even  still  larger. 

"The  viccisitudes  of  Lord  Stirling's  colonial  baronetcy  pat- 
ents were  such — Nova  Scotia  afterward  falling  into  the  hands 
of  the  French — that  no  record  was  kept  of  those  thus  sold,  most 
of  the  data  on  the  subject,  such  as  they  may  have  been,  having 
been  lost.  This  led  to  the  springing  into  existence  in  the  nine- 
teenth century  of  so  many  pseudo  baronets,  quartering  the  arms 
of  Nova  Scotia  with  their  own,  and  whose  dignity  reposed 
solely  on  their  own  statements  that  they  were  descended  from 
one  or  another  of  the  American  colonists  to  whom  Lord  Stirl- 
ing had  sold  the  Nova  Scotia  baronetcies  at  his  disposal,  that 
Kmg  Edward  issued  a  royal  warrant  declaring  that  no  one 
should  make  use  of  the  hereditary  title  of  baronet,  or  be  offi- 


The  Stirling  Baronetcy  Patents 


daily  or  judicially  recognized  as  such,  who  was  unable  to 
establish  his  rights  thereto  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  a  bar- 
onetage committee  of  the  Privy  Council,  which  he  appointed 
for  the  purpose. 

"All  baronets  were  thereupon  called  upon  to  submit  their 
titles  to  investigation  by  this  committee,  and  the  result  was  that 
some  150  bogus  baronets,  some  of  whose  titles  had  been  unlaw- 
fully used  by  their  fathers  and  grandfathers  before  them,  were 
deprived  of  these  ornaments  to  their  name,  and  shorn  of  their 
I         stolen  feathers. 

I  "It  may  be  as  well  to  explain  here  that  there  is  no  difference 

i  between  the  baronets  of  Nova  Scotia  and  the  baronets  of  Scot- 
!  land;    that  is  to  say,  the  baronetcies  created  by  the  Scottish 

\  crown  during  the  eighty-two  years  that  elapsed  between  the 
1  institution  of  the  order,  in  1625,  and  the  union  of  Scotland  with. 
I  England  in  1707,  all  later  baronets,  of  Scottish  nationality  being 
?  styled  'of  Great  Britain,'  or  'of  the  United  Kingdom.'     These 

J  baronets  of  Scotland  and  of  Nova  Scotia,  however,  differ 
;  from  all  other  baronets  by  their  enjoyment  of  the  right  to  bear 

I  a  distinctive  badge,  consisting  of  an  enamelled  medallion  worn 
I  from  the  neck  by  an  orange  hued  ribbon,  the  medallion  show- 

I  ing  the  arms  of  Scotland  upon  a  small  shield  borne  upon  a 

larger  one,  charged  with  a  St.  Andrew's  Cross  and  surmounted 
by  a  crown. 

"The  right  of  selling  baronetcies  lasped  with  the  death  of 
the  first  Earl  Stirling,  Nova  Scotia  becoming  a  French  posses- 
sion in  1638,  and  remaining  as  such  until  171 3.  The  first  Lord 
Stirling  died  in  1640,  being  succeeded  in  his  honors — he  had  no 
longer  any  estates — by  his  grandson  William,  who  died  a  few 
months  later,  the  peerages  then  going  to  his  uncle  Henry,  a 
younger  son  of  the  first  Earl.  Henry  was  succeeded  in  turn 
by  his  son  and  grandson,  and  when  the  latter  died  without  issue, 
the  titles  became  extinct. 

"Near  twenty  years  afterward  the  Earldom  of  Stirling  and 
Viscounty  of  Canada  were  claimed  by  William  Alexander,  son 
of  James  Alexander,  Surveyor-General  of  New  York  and  New 
Jersey.  William  Alexander  served,  first  as  commissary  and 
then  as  aide-de-camp,  to  Gen.  Sir  Robert  Shirley,  at  the  begin- 


4  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

ning  of  the  French  and  Indian  war,  and  in  1758  accompanied 
Gen.  Shirley  to  England,  where  he  put  forward  claims  to  the 
peerages  in  question,  basing  it  upon  the  fact  that  he  was 
descended  in  a  direct  male  line  from  the  brother  of  the  father 
of  the  first  Earl  of  Stirling.  This  in  itself  was  of  course  suffi- 
cient to  bar  him  from  the  inheritance  of  the  honors,  since  the 
peerages  bestowed  upon  the  first  Earl  were  limited  to  his 
descendants  in  the  male  line  direct.     .     .     . 

"The  soi  disant  Lord  Sterling  of  the  War  of  Independence, 
had  two  younger  brothers,  Robert  and  Gerard.  The  latter  took 
up  large  tracts  of  land  on  the  Potomac,  where  the  city  of  Alex- 
andria, which  takes  its  name  from  him,  now  stands.  Robert, 
the  elder  brother,  had  no  less  than  five  sons,  whose  descendants 
in  the  male  line  direct,  settled  in  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  have 
a  perfect  right  to  the  arms  of  the  Alexanders  of  Clackman- 
nanshire, but  not  to  those  of  the  Earls  of  Stirling,  nor  yet  to 
any  of  their  titles." 

«j*     0*     «5*     «»• 

SOME  UNPUBLISHED  SCOTS  EAST  JERSEY  PRO- 
PRIETORS' LETTERS,  1683-'84 

Continuing  some  of  the  documents  in  the  Bamberger  pur- 
chase as  noted  in  our  last  number  (Vol.  VI,  p.  227),  we  now 
present  a  few  letters,  etc.,  in  the  collection  from  or  concerning 
the  Scotch  Proprietors  of  East  Jersey. 

The  first  is  an  original  letter  in  the  handwriting  of  Govenor 
Robert  Barclay,  of  Urie,  Scotland,  dated  June  28th,  1683,  to 
his  uncle,  Robert  Gordon,  of  Clunie,  one  of  the  first  of  the 
Scots  to  become  a  Proprietor  of  East  New  Jersey.  After 
requesting  his  uncle  to  transfer  a  half  share  of  his,  which  he 
had  sold  to  Arent  Sonmans,  to  Gawen  Lawrie,  he  briefly  refers 
to  the  excitement  in  political  circles  in  London,  due  to  the  Rye 
House  plot  exposure,  in  which  his  intimacy  with  the  Duke  of 
York  is  shown,  and  in  which  he  mentions  his  uncle's  brother 
and  several  other  friends  of  his  as  being  implicated  in  it,  and 
that  some  of  them  were  imprisoned  in  the  Tower  of  London, 
while  others  had  fled  the  country. 


'.  Unpublished  Scots  East  Jersey  Proprietors'  Letters       5 

I  "London,  the  28th  of  the  4th  mo.,  1683. 

^  "Dear  Uncle :    By  the  last  post,  which  I  hope  will  come  to 

i.  thee  in  due  course,  I  wrote  to  thee  desiring  thee  immediately 

«  upon  the  receipt  thereof  to  transfer  thy  half  [Proprietary  inter- 

*■■  est]   bought  by  A.   S.    [Arent   Sonmans]    to   G.   L.    jGawen 

i  Lawrie],  which  I  hope  thou  will  exspeed,  and  think  thyself 

i  well  fitted  in  a  partner  which  I  again  recommend  to  thee,  and 

!■.  desire  thee  to  cause  deliver  the  inclosed.    Wee  are  now  ended 

H  with  G.  L.,  who  goes  over  in  2  months  hence;   so  [I]  order  thy 

y  5  lib  toward  his  charge  to  be  rem.itted.     I  hope  thou  will  con- 

g  tribute  what  thou  can  to  dispatch  the  ship  at  Aberdeen ;  wee 

f  have  many  encouraging  things    [which]    I  remitt  to  meeting. 

I  "The  great  newes  here  is  the  plott.    All  the  dissenters  seeme 

:,  deeply  engaged  in  it.  Friends  only  excepted,  as  the  Duke  told 

:  nie  this  afternoon,  which  is  a  great  mercy  and  a  strong  argu- 

ment for  us.  Algernon  Sidney,  Major  Weilman,  thy  old  friend 
Major  Homes,  and  the  Lord  Russell  are  conimitted  to  the 
Tower.  Lord  Gray  of  Nark  (  ?)  made  his  escape  goeing  far 
out  of  the  messenger's  hands.  The  Duke  of  Monmouth  is 
fled  upon  it.  One  Ferguson,  our  countryman,  is  a  great  man 
in  it,  and,  as  I  hear  this  cvennig,  has  debas'd  Dr  Owen,  who 
[the  rest  of  the  letter  is  too  much  torn  to  decipher  intelligently]. 
"I  am.  Your  affectionate  nephew,  B." 

Another  document  contains  instructions  by  the  first  six  Scots 
Proprietors  to  David  Barclay,  Jr.,  Arthur  Forbes  and  Adam 
(John?)  Barclay,  as  their  agents,  for  the  settlement  of  their 
plantations  in  East  Jersey,  authorizing  them  to  "sit  in  Coun- 
cil." This  was  written  sometime  between  I\Larch  23rd  and 
July  27th,  1683,  and  partly  concerns  the  first  buildings  to  be 
erected  at  Perth  Amboy.  The  Surveyor-General  alluded  to 
was  Samuel  Groom.  (See  in  this  connection  Whitehead's 
■"Early  History  of  Perth  Amboy,"  p.  5  et  seq.). 

/  "Instructions  for  such  as  goe  over  in  summer,  16S3,  to  the 

Province  of  New  East  Jersey  in  America,  in  behalf  of  the 
Scots  Proprietors,  to  be  carefully  minded  by  them,  when  it 
shall  please  God  to  bring  them  saif  there. 

"i.  Since   the   Deputy   Governor,    Tho.    Rudyard,    and   the 
.  Surveyor,  Samuel  Groom,  by  their  last  letters  inform  us,  that 

(,  there  is  6,000  acres  of  good  ground  over  against  Ambo-point, 

,  to  be  kept  for  the  use  of  the  Proprietors,  whereof  the  4th  part, 

being  1500  acres,  will  belong  to  us,  we  give  order  that,  instantly 
upon  your  arrival,  you  have  our  4lh  part  thereof  sett  out,  to 


6  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

settle  our  servants  and  overseers  now  sent  over  thereupon; 
and  in  case  that  cannot  be  got  presently  done,  you  neverthe- 
less (that  our  people  be  not  idle)  are  to  fix  upon  what  place 
of  the  aforesaid  6,oqo  acres  you  judge  most  convenient  for 
your  discounting  what  you  possess  for  so  much  of  our  4th 
part  when  set  out,  which,  notwithstanding  your  being  settled, 
you  are  to  press  may  be  sett  out  without  delay. 

"2.  You  are  to  press  that,  without  all  delay,  the  10,000  acres 
heretofore  ordered  to  be  set  out  to  each  24th  Proprietor  may  be 
forthwith  done,  if  it  he  not  already,  and  show  that  the  resolu- 
tion is  not  to  be  departed  from  upon  an}--  account  whatsoever. 
Item,  you  are  to  endeavour  that  the  land  thus  set  out  to  the 
Scots  Proprietors  may,  if  possible,  lye  adjacent  together,  and 
that  each  10,000  acres  lye  contiguous,  and,  if  that  cannot  con- 
veniently be  got,  let  the  division  fall  upon  these  Proprietors  that 
are  divided,  which  all  ours  are  except  Arent  Sonman's  and  R. 
Barclay's.  So  that,  where  a  propriety  is  in  two,  as  Perths  and 
Tarbets,  each  may  have  his  5,000  acres  together,  and,  where 
■there  cannot  be  so  much  had  together,  let  that  fall  where  a  half 
propriety  is  subdivided,  as  R.  Burnett's  half ;  that  is  in  4  or 
6  hands,  so  that  each  there  may  have  his  2,500  acres,  or  1,250 
acres,  or  625  acres,  together,  according  to  their  interests ;  of 
which  you  are  to  have  memorandums  apart  from  each  Propri- 
etor to  know  how  his  propriety  is  subdivided ;  and  we  hope  that 
in  this  whole  matter  you  will  take  all  dew  care  that,  so  far  as  it 
can  consist  with  justice  and  equity  to  others,  our  proportions 
be  so  set  out  as  may  be  most  convenient  for  us  and  most  suit- 
able for  the  incouragement  of  transplanting  people  from  this 
country. 

"3.  The  same  care  and  method  you  are  to  follow  as  to  our 
shares  on  Ambo-point,  whereof,  of  150  shares,  one  4th  part 
comes  to  36,  which,  at  10  acres  to  a  share,  is  360  acres,  which 
wants  15  acres  of  the  just  4th  part  of  1,500  acres,  [and]  which 
we  leave  undisposed  of  until  we  see  what  may  be  taken  up  for 
public  uses.  For  thus  there  will  be  60  acres  left  on  that 
account,  whereof,  if  20  serve,  as  we  suppose  it  will,  there  will 
be  37  shares  fall  to  us.  Of  this  let  there  be  measured  off  the 
2  shares  we  have  given  off  to  our  overseers,  one  to  David 
Barclay  younger,  and  2  sold  on  the  public  account,  in  all  5 
shares ;  so  that  there  will  rest  to  us  32  shares,  which  is  5  shares 
behind  to  each  of  us  six,  and  2  to  be  divided  among  us,  which, 
being  20  acres,  makes  3  acres  and  1/3  to  each.  The  subdivis- 
ions of  these  5  shares  falling  to  each  Proprietor  must  be 
ordered  according  to  particular  memorandums  to  be  given  in 
by  them  who  have  partners,  which  they  may  do  without  tying, 
themselves  to  the  precise  number  of  10  acres  to  a  share. 


Unpublished  Scots  East  Jersey  Proprietors'  Letters       7 

"4.  It  is  to  be  minded  that  in  this,  as  well  as  in  the  setting 
out  of  the  divisions  and  subdivisions  of  the  10,000  acres,  there 
be  authentick  instruments  thereupon  made,  signed  by  the  Sur- 
veyor and  Surveyor-General,  the  Governor  and  Register  or 
.Secretary,  according  as  the  law  and  custom  of  the  country 
requires,  and  sufficient  duplicate  thereof  sent  over  here,  express- 
ing the  boundaries  of  each  portion  to  the  parties  here  who  are 
concerned ;  and  this  we  recommend  to  the  special  care  of  the 
Governor  Rudyard,  who  is  known  in  the  law,  as  he  will  be 
answerable. 

"5.  That,  tho'  that  parcell  of  land  on  Ambo-point  which 
was  taken  off  as  the  7th  part  belonging  to  the  Proprietors  from 
Woodbridge  Corporation  contain  but  900  acres  and  100  of 
meadow,  yet,  since  Widow  Carteret  offered  200  lying  well  to  it, 
we  desire  it  be  accepted,  and  that  300  acres  of  what  is  most  con- 
tiguous and  adjacent  be  laid  to  it  to  make  it  up  the  number  of 
1,500  acres  as  was  first  proposed,  and  as  R.  Barclay  wrote  in 
his  letter  dated  in  March  last  to  Thomas  Rudyard. 

"6.  Since  by  the  first  concessions  the  7th  part  of  all  the 
[  tov/nships  belongs  to  the  Proprietors   (and,  as  we  understand, 

1  all  the  land  already  taken  up  upon  quit  rents  is  so)  we  desire 

I  that,  without  delay,  an  exact  account  of  these  7  parts  may  be 

I  taken  and  they  distinguished  from  the  rest,  and  the  number 

of  acres  they  come  to  calculated,  and  that  then  there  may  be 
made  a  just  division  among  the  24  Proprietors ;  or,  if  others 
Ije  not  so  disposed,  at  least  they  may  be  cast  in  4  equall  shares, 
that  we  may  know  our  proportions  of  them,  the  number  of 
acres,  the  situation  and  convenience,  that  accordingly  we  may 
give  order  for  a  division  among  us,  since  [as  to  the]  servants 
we  may  send  over  for  our  particular  plantations  for  our  own 
private  uses  or  our  ffriends,  we  may  order  them  to  settle  upon 
our  shares  of  those  7ths. 

"7.  We  desire  you  to  take  particular  inspection  into  the 
state  of  the  quit  rents ;  how  much  is  now  paid  and  acknowl- 
edged dew  beyond  all  controversie  ;  and  what  of  this  is  resting  ; 
how  much  of  it  is  debatable,  either  on  their  account  that  pretend 
right  by  purchase  from  the  Indians,  or  from  Coll.  Nichols  after 
the  date  of  the  grant  given  to  Barclay  and  Cartaret.  We  must 
know  distinctly  what  the  proportion  of  each  of  these  is,  and  in 
f,  whose  hands,  and  how  much  land  there  is  whereof  the  quit  rent 

'i  is  wholly  discharged,  and  the  land  sold  off  by  our  predeces- 

I  sors ;    for  we  are  not  resolved  to  part  from  our  right  in  the 

^  cases  above  mentioned,  according  to  the  advise  of  Councell  sent 

I  over  with  William  Gibson,  until  we  hear  further  and  deliberate 

i  thereupon;    and,  therefore,  we  do  [not?]  absolutely  discharge 


8  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

any  who  are  there,  whatever  be  their  character,  or  under  what 
pretence  soever,  to  dispense  with  our  right,  however  they  may  \ 

dispose  of  their  own.  j 

"8.  We  desire  a  particular  account  of  the  land  untaken  upon  i 

the  sea  side  from  Shrewsbery  town  to  Little  Egg  Harbour  at  | 

the  south  point  of  the  line  of  division  ;  as  also  of  the  land  back-  i 

ward  untaken  up :  and  that  it  be  not  set  out  nor  sold  off,  without  I 

our  particular  order  and  assent,  seeing  each  will  have  enough  1 

to  sell  or  set  out  for  a  good  whyle,  of  the  io,ooo  acres.     But  ; 

if  the  rest  be  desirous  to  dispose  of  the  said  other  land,  we  j 

order  that  what  is  designed  to  be  disposed  of,  or  set  out,  be  i 

first  cast  in  4  equall  lots,  and  our  share  left  to  be  ordered  ! 

according  to  our  orders.  j 

"g.  Since  order  is  already  given  to  the  Deputy  Governor  and  | 

Surveyor-General  to  build  some  houses  upon  Ambo-point  with  i 

that  of  the  public  stock  which  they  have  there  in  their  hands,  | 

if  so  be  they  build  24  houses,  we  desire  that  6  of  them  by  an  j 

equall  lott  may  be  reserved  by  you  on  our  account  to  be  dis-  i 

posed  of  by  our  order ;    and,  if  the  number  of  the  houses  be  i 

fewer,  that  you  see  a  division  made  accordingly,  and  give  us  | 

advise  that  we  may  give  direction  in  disposing  of  them;    and 
in  the  mean  time  w-e  order  you  to  use  them  and  improve  them  i 

to  the  best  you  can  for  our  advantage.  ! 

"10.  Tho'  Sam.  Groom,  the  Surveyor-General,  may  make 
use  of  the  old  surveyor  in  all  the  great  and  first  division,  which 
we  acquiesce  in,  and  leave  him  to  do  therein  as  he  sees  meet, 
yet,  in  all  other  subdivisions  wherein  we  are  concerned,  we 
hereby  order  that  John  Reid,  one  of  our  overseers,  may  do  it, 
who,  being  obliged  to  do  it  for  us,  we  hereby  appoint  and 
authorise  him  for  that  effect,  ordering  the  Surveyor-General,. 
if  it  be  needfull,  to  give  him  a  special  commission  or  warrant 
for  that  end;  or  so  to  supervise  his  surveying  of  the  land  by 
his  subscriptions  and  approbation  that  it  may  stand  good  to  all 
intents  and  purposes  without  further  difficulty. 

"For  the  performing  and  taking  care  to  the  fullfilling  of 
these  instructions,  or  any  others  given  by  us  apart,  wee  do 
authorise  and  commissionate  in  our  names  and  behalf  David 
Barclay,  Junior,  Arthur  Forbes  and  Adam  (John?)  Barclay 
to  act  for  us  and  sit  in  Councell,  they  having  interest  in  several 
proprieties  under  us,  as  our  proxies,  and  this  to  continue  for  a 
year  after  their  arrival  to  the  country. 

"In  witness  whereof,  as  we  have  hereunto  set  our  hands  and 

seals  the day  of ,  1683,  so  we  desire  that,  upon 

production  hereof,  to  the  Deputy  Governor,  it  may  be  regis- 


Unpublished  Scots  East  Jersey  Proprietors'  Letters       9 

trated  and  inrolled  in  common  form  as  a  sufficient  authority 
for  them  to  act  in  the  premises." 

[Endorsed  as  "Delivered  to  David  Barclay"]. 

The  following  is  a  most  interesting  letter  by  Robert  Gordon, 

of  Clunie,  to  Gawen  Lawrie  at  Amboy,  about  July,  1684.    Lavv- 

rie  had  arrived  at  Amboy  as  Deputy  Governor  about  February 

of  that  year.    This  Robert  Gordon,  (born  1641)  to  whom  we 

have  before  referred,  was  a  brother  to  the  Thomas  Gordon, 

(born  about  1653)  who  came  to  Amboy  in  October,  1684,  with 

i  his  v;ife  Helen,  four  children  and  seven  servants,  and  settled  on 

I  Cedar  Brook,  in  present  Plainfield.    He  became  Attorney-Gen- 

i  eral,  etc.,  and  died  in  1722  at  Amboy.    Robert  never  came  over. 

,;  Whitehead  says  ("East  Jersey  under  the  Proprietary  Govern- 

f  ments,"  p.  199),  that  he  "was  one  of  those  Proprietaries  who 

I  appear  to  have  engaged  in  the  East  Jersey  enterprise  with  no 

other  object  in  view  than  pecuniary  profit,"  but  the  fact  now 

seems  to  be,  as  his  letter  shows,  that  he  hoped  to  settle   in 

New  Jersey.    Some  of  the  long  sentences  in  this  letter  are  not 

clear,  but  are  given  as  they  appear  to  have  been  written. 

I  [Not  dated]. 

I  "Friend  Gawen  Lazvry :   I  was  glad  when  I  heard  of  'hy  hav- 

I  ing  safely  landed  in  that  place.    I  wrote  to  thee  long  since  about 

[  my  afifairs  there,  but  I  know  not  if  thou  hast  received  it  or  not. 

''  "Therefore  I  have  taken  the  occasion  of  my  nephew,  John 

Barclay,  his  going,  by  him  to  resume  what  I  can  remember  of 
^;  my   former   letter.     And   also    further   to   acquaint   thee   that, 

I  having  some  concern  there  as  a  Proprietor  in  the  Government, 

I  I  have  appointed  under  my  hand  one  George  W'illox,  who  hath 

f  a  share,  viz.,  an  eighth  part,  to  be  my  proxie.     In  respect  he  is 

J  my  neighbor  here,  and  at  his  going  over  I  did  it  for  his  further 

I  incoragement  with  the  advise  of  my  nephew,  Robt.   Barclay. 

i  I  have  also  constituted  John  Barclay,  my  nephew,  bearer  hereof, 

j  my  attorney  to  [in]  reference  to  what  concerns  me  in  that  Pro- 

i  vince  as  to  property,  wherein  I  have  recommended  him  to  thy 

?  assistance  and  advice,  partly  because  of  his  youth,  being  yet 

;  not  well  acquainted  with  such  matters,  and  partly  because  not 

only  of  our  old  acquaintance,  but  also  our  being  equall    [in] 
shares  in  our  propriety  wherein  I  do  expect  that,  as  thou  dost 
for  thyne  own,  thou  wilt  do  the  same  for  myne.     For  betwixt 
I  us  at  any  time  when  a  partition  is  necessary  it  shall  be  done  by 


lo  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

thyself,  wherein  I  question  not  thy  justice,  so  that  we  shall  not 
fail  to  agree. 

"The  chiefest  thing  for  my  settlement  there  is  to  get  out  the 
allottment  of  the  10,000  acres  to  each  Proprietor,  and  of  ours 
among  the  rest,  wherein  our  advantage  will  be  to  get  as  much 
as  we  can  together,  at  least  betwixt  us  2,000  acres  contiguous 
in  one  place,  which  I  very  much  desire  for  our  neighborhood, 
which  cannot  but  be  convenient  to  us  at  present,  and  also  to 
ours  after  us,  by  recommending  to  our  children  after  us  to 
entertain  the  same  friendship  together  as  now  is  betwixt  us. 
And  for  the  shares  at  Perth  town,  I  would  gladly  to  have  a 
hous  and  aikers  there,  out  of  the  shares  that  fall  to  me  out 
of  it,  wherein  I  might  at  present  lett  my  attorney  for  his  incor- 
agement  to  possess  in  my  name,  or  else  to  let  it  to  the  best 
advantage. 

"[How]  things  there  are  relating  to  quit  rents  and  /ths, 
wherein  still  we  are  alike  concerned  as  a  Proprietor  with  the 
rest,  and  whereof  I  wait  for  an  account  from  thee,  after  an 
allottment  of  2,000  aikers,  or  more  if  can  be,  that  we  can  call 
our  own  divided  property,  whereof  I  can  contribute  from  hence 
to  further  its  plantation,  shall  not  be  wanting  after  advertise- 
ment from  thee. 

"Aly  first  desire  of  being  a  Proprietor  in  that  Province  was 
in  behalf  of  my  son  Augustin.  whom  (since  I  had  not  estate 
whereby  to  make  him  a  Scotch  laird,  that  he  might  not  hang  on 
his  elder  brother)  I  have  bound  a  'prentice  to  an  apothecary 
surgeon,  and  intend  to  have  him  hereafter  a  planter  there; 
and  therefore  I  would  do  what  I  could  in  the  meantime  to  have 
some  particular  plantation  there ;  and,  having  so  great  a  share 
in  the  whole,  the  least  I  expect  to  be  divided  to  me  with  thyself 
equally  betwixt  us  is  2,000  aikers  lying  contiguous  together  out 
of  the  10,000  acres. 

"But,  as  I  wrote  to  you  in  my  letter  last,  I  have,  since  thy 
being  there,  a  very  great  inclination  of  going  to  that  Province 
myself  to  dwell  there  the  rest  of  my  dayes.  I  confess  (I  bless 
God)  I  have  a  house  and  a  conpetent  estate  to  Hve  upon  in  this 
country,  as  an  ordinary  laird  here,  yet  there  are  considerations 
before  me  which  makes  me  inclyne  very  much  to  be  an  inhab- 
itant as  well  as  a  Proprietor  in  that  country ;  only  I  would  be 
first  informed  how  I  may  live  there,  that  I  may  satisfy  those  I 
am  nearly  concerned  to  be  with  me  there,  who  tell  me  I  am  now 
old  and  have  here  a  home  and  settlement  wherein  to  pass  away 
my  dayes,  and  what  like  that  can  I  expect  there  in  an  unplanted 
country,  especially  since  I  am  not  a  person  myself  in  capacity 
to  work  as  a  planter,  and  in  many  things  of  the  country  (but 


Unpuhlished  Scots  East  Jersey  Proprietors'  Letters     ii 


I  of  little  worth)  overseer,  vvherefor  that  it  would  be  necessary 

I  for  me,  ere  I  venture  to  raise  my  family  to  set  it  clown  there,  to 

i  have  some  sons  to  go,  and  something  or  other  to  maintain  a 

I  family  with  beside  setting  down  servants  to  make  a  new  planta- 

I  tion.    I  know  none  there  can  now  better  inform  me,  nor  whose 

I  information  I  will  credit  more  into,  so  that  I  intreat    [thee] 

I  vvith  the  first  occasion  to  give  me  (for  encouragement  or  dis- 

I  couragement)  thy  thought  thereon.     Several  are  willing  to  go 

\  with  me  with  their  families,  but  expect  that  I  should  propose 

I  some  rationall  incouragement  to  them  to  invite  them  over  on 

f  such  ground  as  I  can  venture  myself,  of  which  no  man  can 

\  better  inform  me  than  thyself. 

\  "I  want  to  know  how  many  aikers  of  ground  I  could  secure 

I  to  them,  and  how  they  ly,  whether  neer  a  river  or  not,  and  what 

i  kind  of  soyl,  and  at  what  pryce  per  aiker  to  lett  it  at,  and  what 

\  were  necessary  either  for  them  or  myself  and  family  to  bring 

f.  over  for  our  first  settlement. 

:  "Since  I  wrote  this  letter  I  have  seen  letters  or  copies  of 

\  them  from  there,  which  gives  me  great  incouragement  to  fol- 
low my  design,  at  least  to  further  my  plantations  there.    I  have 

J  therefore  resolved,  God  willing,  against  the  next  yeir  to  have 

t  persons  ready  to  send  over  to  be  settled  there,  either  on  our 
joynt  account  or  on  my  own  account,  as  thou  pleaseth.    I  shall 

^  indeavor  to  be  looking  after  it  here,  and  if  it  be  possible  let 

\  me  hear  from  thee  in  return  to  this.                              R.  G." 

\  Accompanying  the  above  letter  is  a  copy  by  Robert  Gordon, 

\  of  the  memorandum  to  John  Barclay,  as  mentioned  therein.    It 

-  will  be  noticed  that  Amboy  is  spoken  of  in  this  memorandum 

\  as  "Perth  town."     In  other  documents  of  the  time  it  is  called 
"New  Perth."     John  Barclay,  a  brother  to  Governor  Robert 

]  Barclay,  had  come  over  in  March,   1683,  but  almost  at  once 

:  returned  to  England ;   the  next  year  he  returned  to  New  Jer- 

\  sey,  and  perhaps  settled  first  at  Elizabethtown,  then  at  (pres- 
ent)   Plainfield,   and   in    1688  at   Amboy.      Eight  years   later 

\  (1692)  he  was  appointed  Receiver-General  and  Surveyor-Gen- 
eral.   He  died  in  1731. 

\  "Copy  of  my  mem'ni  to  my  nephew,  John  Barclay. 

\  "Whereas  I  have  given  thee  power  by  letter  of  attorney  to 

I  act  in  my  concern  in  East  New  Jersey:    In  reference  to  my 

I  right  of  propriety  there,  as  having  a  48th  share  of  the  whole, 

;  the  propriety  being  divided  betwixt  me  and  G.  Lawry,  wherein 


12  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

I  quest  thy  care  or  diligence,  yet  in  respect  of  thy  being  young  j 

and  the  less  experienced  in  business  of  that  kind,  I  advyse  thee  i 

to  follow  G.  Lawry's  counsell,  to  whom  I  have  wrtiten  to  the  j 

same  purpose.  j 

"In  what  thou  layst  out  for  me,  if  nothing  there  arise  to  pay  j 

it,  I  shall  take  care  to  salary  thee  on  advertisement,  as  also  for  j 

thy  pains  in  my  business.  1 

"I  sent  from  London,  when  S.  Groom  went  first,  my  short  j 

deed  for  my  24th  part  to  be  registrated  there ;  see  if  it  be  done.  j 

G.  La  wry  can  acquaint  thee,  and  keep  it  with  thy  papers  for  me.  i 

"Item.    Look  after  our  shares  of  aikers  and  houses  in  Perth  j 

town.     G.  Lawry  will  acquaint  thee  of  it.     See  by  his  advise  to  j 

improve  it,  either  wholly  with  him  or  by  partition  as  he  thinks  j 

fit.  I 

"Item.    Be  informed  by  him  about  quit  rents,  and  7ths,  and  , 

my  concern  in  them,  to  settle  it  by  his  advise.  I 

"Item.    To  enquire  about  the  London  stock  committed  to  S.  \ 

Groom,  and  the  Scots'  stock  committed  to  thy  brother  David.  j 

Send  me  account  of  these,  as  what  Jn.  Reid,  overseer,  and  the  1 

servants  sent  with  him  are  doing.  | 

"Item.     About  the  10,000  acres,  to  know  what's  done  in  it,  ] 

to  get  as  much  of  it  as  can  together.  1 

"Item.  To  enquire  into  the  progress  anent  purchasing  from  ! 

ofif  the  Indians.  I 

"Item.    To  write  to  me  as  often  as  he  can  by  his  brother  to  I 

Ury.                                                                                           _  I 

"Item.  I  advanced  to  my  nephew  fyve  pound  sterling  upon  | 
account." 

On  this  is  attached  this  receipt :  j 

! 

"I  grant  me  to  have  received  five  pounds  sterling,  upon  the  i 

accoumpt  of  this  memorandome,  as  witness  my  hand  the  twen-  \ 

ty-second  of  the  month  called  July,  '84.  j 

John  Barclay." 


[Note. — In  the  preceding  article  (Vol.  VI,  p.  227),  it  was  stated  that 
the  papers  now  being  quoted  were  "in  the  possession  of  the  family  and 
descendants  of  Governor  William  Burnet."  But  Mr.  David  McGregor, 
who  has  transcribed  the  documents  for  us,  states  that  they  belonged 
"to  the  family  of  Robert  Burnet  of  Lethentie,  one  of  the  tirft  of  the 
Scots  Proprietors  of  East  Jersey."  On  page  233,  line  17,  "42  men" 
should  read  "48  men,"  and,  same  page,  the  cost  of  passage  for  48  ser- 
vants should  read  84  instead  of  "48  lib"  (lbs.).  Mr.  McGregor  states 
there  is  positive  proof  that  Gawcn  Lawrie  was  a  Scotchman,  and  re- 
sided in  Edinburgh  before  going  to  London. — Editor]. 


.  Quit-Rents  in  Colonial  New  Jersey  13 

f  QUIT-RENTS   IN   COLONIAL   NEW  JERSEY    AS   A 

I  CONTRIBUTING  CAUSE  FOR  THE  AMERICAN 

I  REVOLUTION* 

j  BY  HON.  JAMES  C.   CONNOLLY,  ELIZABETH,   N.  J. 

f  One  subject,  in  my  view,  deserves  some  elucidation,  although 

I  it  has  been  ably  discussed  from  a  different  standpoint  by  the 

'  iate  Chancellor  Magie  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  New  Jersey 

I  Historical  Society  for  the  year  191 7  (New  Series,  Vol.  II,  pp. 

i  67,  131).     I  refer  to  the  question  of  proprietory  quit-rents  and 

i  its  influence  in  regard  to  the  American  Revolution. 

I  From  the   foundation  of  the  Colony,   practically  until  the 

f  French  and  Indian  War,  and  perhaps  later,  this  question  greatly 

!  disturbed  the  Governors  and  Proprietors  on  one  side  and  the 

I  colonists  on  the  other.    A  great  deal  might  be  written  pro  and 

1  con  on  the  subject.    But  a  general  resume  will  be  sufficient  for 

I  the  occasion  . 

I  The  English  Crown  claimed  dominion  over  the  lands  em- 

l  braced  within  the  States  of  New  Jersey  and  New  York,  by 
\  virtue  of  the  discoveries  of  John  Cabot  (Caboto),  who,  accom- 
{  panied  by  his  son,  Sabastian,  sailed  under  the  protection  of 
Henry  VII.  of  England,  and  passed  down  the  coast  in  1598. 
^  Cabot  made  no  settlement,  but  that  was  considered  of  no  vital 
•  consequence,  as  the  English  Kings  subsequently  claimed  empire 

\         over  the  land,  and  the  right  to  dispose  of  it  as  they  willed. 
I  The  navigators  of  other  nations  came  later.    Varrazano  sailed 

j  into  the  harbor  of  New  York  in  1524.  Gomez  was  there  in 
1525,  and  Henry  Hudson  came  and  sailed  for  some  distance 
up  the  river,  to  which  his  name  now  attaches,  in  1609.  Fol- 
lowing the  visit  of  Henry  Hudson,  the  Dutch  East  India  Com- 
pany in  1 610  sent  vessels  to  trade  for  furs  v;ith  the  natives, 
settlements  were  established,  and  in  1623  New  Netherland 
became  a  province  and  embraced,  outside  of  New  York,  the  ter- 
ritory between  the  Delaware  and  Hudson  rivers.  The  Dutch 
made  settlements  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Hudson  in  1630  at 


^Part  of  an  address  delivered  before  the  Union  County  Historical 
Society.  See,  further,  under  "Historical  Notes  and  Comments,"  post. — 
Editor. 


14  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Pavonia  (Jersey  City)  and  other  points  below  the  Palisades. 
Shortly  thereafter  they  held  out  liberal  terms  to  immigrants 
from  Holland  as  well  as  to  the  neighboring  colonies,  and  this 
brought  many  applicants  for  permission  to  settle.  Between 
1653  and  1664,  when  Elizabeth  was  settled,  the  population 
increased  from  2,000  to  10,000. 

Imagining  that  the  Dutch  were  in  permanent  occupation  of 
the  country,  and  learning  of  the  liberal  conditions  offered  to 
settlers,  at  the  same  time  fearing  the  turn  that  affairs  might 
take  as  a  result  of  the  restoration  of  the  Stuart  dynasty,  certain 
inhabitants  of  Long  Island,  being  outbranches  of  the  New 
Haven  colony  in  Connecticut,  viewed  the  site  now  occupied  by 
the  city  of  Elizabeth,  and  made  application  to  the  Dutch  for 
permission  to  make  a  settlement  here.  The  conditions  made  by 
Stuyvesant  and  his  government  were  not  acceptable  to  the 
would-be  settlers,  and  so  matters  remained  in  abeyance.  In  the 
meantime  Charles  II.,  who  had  been  restored  to  the  throne  in 
1660,  made  a  grant  of  all  the  territory  lying  between  the  Dela- 
ware and  Connecticut  rivers,  as  well  as  other  lands,  to  his 
brother  James,  Duke  of  York.  The  right  of  the  King  to  make 
this  grant  was  founded  on  the  discovery  of  Cabot.  The  patent, 
or  deed,  was  made  on  March  12  (22),  1663  (1664).  An  expe- 
dition was  immediately  fitted  out  and  placed  under  the  com- 
mand of  Colonel  Richard  Nicolls,  (originally  so  spelled  in 
Leaming  and  Spicer,  but  later  spelled  Nicholls),  to  make  good 
the  title  of  the  Duke  to  the  country  conveyed  to  him  by  his 
brother,  the  King.  On  April  2nd,  (12th),  1664,  Nicolls  was 
commissioned  Deputy-Governor  by  the  Duke.  He  arrived 
before  New  Amsterdam  on  August  29  (N.  S.),  and  the  Dutch 
surrendered  on  September  8  (N.  S.).  Nicolls  was  proclaimed 
Deputy-Governor  at  the  same  time. 

The  Long  Island  people  who  had  been  unable  to  come  to 
terms  with  Stuyvesant,  now  seeing  the  English  in  undisputed 
control,  made  application  to  Nicolls  to  make  a  settlement  at  the 
place  referred  to  in  the  petition  to  the  Stuyvesant  government, 
and  he  gave  his  approval  to  the  application.  Desiring  to  sat- 
isfy the  Indians  who  claimed  to  own  the  land,  the  new  settlers 
negotiated  with  them  on  Staten   Island,  and  on  October  28 


I  Quit-Rents  in  Colonial  Nezv  Jersey  i$ 

k 

\  (November  7),  1664,  secured  a  deed,  giving  to  the  aborigines 

I  what  we  would  consider  a  trifling  consideration,  but  it  was  a 

i  bargain  satisfactory  to  all  concerned.     The  Indian  deed  was 

I  then  laid  before  Nicolls,  and  on  December  i    (11),   1664,  he 

!  made  a  deed  granting  the  land  to  the  settlers.    The  description 

I  in  both  deeds  agree  and  included  all  the  land  lying  between  the 

\  Raritan  and  Passaic  rivers   (although  Chancellor  Magie  con- 

j  tends  that  the  northerly  boundary  was  Bound  Creek,  which  lies 

f  a  few  miles  south  of  the  Passaic  river),  and  running  westerly 

{  into  the  country  twice  the  length  of  the  breadth  so  described. 

I  Among  the  provisions  contained  in  the  deed  was  one   which 

I  provided  that  the  grantees  should  "pay  yearly  to  his  Royal 

\  Highness,  the  Duke  of  York,  or  his  assigns,   a  certain   rent 

\  according  to  the  customary  rate  of  the  country  for  new  plan- 

^  tations."    At  the  same  time  the  Deputy-Governor  promulgated 

■  rules  to  govern  property  acquired  by  settlers.    Among  the  rules 

«  thus  announced,  one  read  as  follows : 

t  "The  purchasers  are  free  from  all  manner  of  assessment  or 

I  rates  for  five  years  after  their  town  platt  is  set  out,  and  when 

;  the  five  years  are  expired  they  shall  only  be  liable  to  the  public 

?  rates  and  payment  according  to  the  custom  of  other  inhabitants, 

both  English  and  Dutch." 
i  We  must  retrace  our  steps  at  this  point  in  order  to  ascertain 

j  the  trend  of  affairs  in  England. 

i  Col.   Nicolls  had  hardly  left  on   his  voyage   for  the   New 

World  when  the  Duke  of  York,  on  the  24th  of  June,  1664, 
made  a  deed  of  release,  which,  from  a  recital  therein,  appears 
to  have  been  based  on  a  lease  made  the  day  previously  to  John 
Lord  Berkeley  of  the  King's  Privy  Council,  and  Sir  George 
Carteret,  also  of  the  Privy  Council,  for  all  the  land  between  the 
Hudson  and  the  Delaware,  now  comprising  the  State  of  New 
Jersey.  The  conveyance  was  made  by  what  lawyers  called  a 
lease  and  release,  a  species  of  conveyance  not  in  vogue  in  these 
times,  and  consisted  in  making  a  lease  for  a  year,  whicii  placed 
the  lessee  constructively  in  possession,  and  then  in  making  a 
release,  which,  with  the  lease,  efifccted  a  complete  conveyance 
of  the  land.  The  release  was  made  "in  consideration  of  a  com- 
petent sum  of  money" ;   the  habendum  also  called  for  the  pay- 


l6  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

ment  of  "twenty  nobles  of  lawful  money  of  England,  if  the 
same  shall  be  demanded,  at  or  in  the  Inner  Temple,  at  the  feast 
of  St.  Michael  the  Arch-Angel,  yearly." 

This  conveyance,  it  will  be  seen,  was  made  on  June  24th, 
1664  (O.S.),  and  the  deed  from  NicoUs,  the  Duke's  Deputy- 
Governor,  to  the  settlers  from  Long  Island,  was  made  Decem- 
ber I,  1664  (O.S.),  or  at  a  time  when  the  Duke  had  parted  with 
his  interest  in  the  land ;  but  this  fact  was  unknown  to  any  of 
the  parties  at  the  time  of  the  making  of  the  grant  by  Nicolls. 
On  February  10,  1664,  Berkeley  and  Carteret,  the  Proprietors, 
appointed  Philip  Carteret  to  be  their  Governor  for  the  Colony, 
which  now  received  the  name  of  Nova  Csesarea,  or  New  Jer- 
sey, and  on  the  same  day  signed  their  "Concessions  and  Agree- 
ment," providing  for  the  control  and  management  of  the  Col- 
ony.   One  of  its  provisions  read  as  follows : 

"Item:  That  in  laying  out  lands  for  cities,  towns,  villages, 
boroughs,  or  other  hamlets,  the  said  lands  be  divided  into  seven 
parts ;  one  seventh  part  thereof  to  be  by  lot  laid  out  for  us,  and 
the  rest  divided  to  such  as  shall  be  willing  to  build  thereon,  they 
paying  after  the  rate  of  one  penny,  or  one-half  penny  per  acre 
(according  to  the  value  of  the  land)  yearly  to  us,  as  for  their 
other  lands,  as  aforesaid ;  which  said  lands  in  cities,  towns, 
&c.,  is  to  be  assured  to  each  possessor  by  the  same  way  and 
instruntent  as  is  before  mentioned." 

It  also  provided  that  plantation  tracts  were  to  be  taxed  one- 
half  penny,  nothing  being  said  with  regard  to  value. 

On  the  same  date,  also,  the  Proprietors  gave  a  letter  of 
instructions  to  Philip  Carteret,  the  newly  appointed  Governor 
of  the  Colony,  directing  him  to  make  conveyances  for  lands, 
and  on  the  conditions  therein  set  forth,  viz.,  "reserving  for 
every  acre  English  measure,  which  by  virtue  of  this  authority 
you  shall  grant  to  any  person  or  persons,  one-half  penny,  law- 
ful money  of  England,  yearly  rent,  to  be  paid  to  us,  our  heirs 
and  assigns  forever,  on  every  five  and  twentieth  day  of  March 
according  to  the  English  account,  the  first  payment  thereof  to 
begin  on  the  twenty-fifth  day  of  March,  which  shall  be  in  the 
year  of  Our  Lord,  according  to  the  English  account,  1670." 
(In  England  the  year  began  on  ]\Iarch  25th,  and  so  Continued 


I  Quit-Rents  in  Colonial  Neiv  Jersey  17 

I 

I  until    1 75 1,  when  the  Gregorian  calendar  was  adopted,   and 

I  January  i  made  the  beginning  of  the  year  ;  so  that  the  "Conces- 

I  sions  and  Agreement,"  etc.,  of  Berkeley  and  Carteret,  which 

I  bears  the  date  February  10,  1664,  would  read,  if  the  modern 

{calendar  were  used,  February  20,  1665.) 
The   "Concessions  and  Agreement"  also  provided   for  the 
I  appointment  of  a  surveyor-general  to  survey  and  lay  out  all 

I  lands  granted  from  the  Proprietors  to  settlers,  "and  all  other 

I  lands  within  the  said  Province  which  may  concern  particular 

I  men,  as  he  shall  be  desired  to  do,  and  a  particular  thereof 

certify  to  the  register  to  be  recorded  as  aforesaid." 
We  may  resume,  at  this  point,  our  story  of  the  progress  of 
I  events  in  the  new  settlement. 

I  It  is  generally  believed  that  some  of  the  new  settlers,  now 

!  called  the  Associates,  came  to  the  settlement,  even  before  Nic- 

j  oils  signed  the  patent,  or  grant,  on  December  i,  1664,  and  oth- 

I  ers  came  thereafter  and  built  houses  on  the  north  side  of  the 

f"  river,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the  place  where  we  are  now  assem- 

\  bled. 

\  On  July  29,  1665,  Philip  Carteret  arrived  at  New  York,  and 

<:  came  here  with  his   servants,   and   some   new   settlers   about 

I  August  I.    Now  for  the  first  time  the  Associates  and  founders 

■  of  the  town  learned  of  the  sale  of  the  territory  by  the  Duke 

J  of  York  to  Berkeley  and  Carteret,  on  June  24,  1664,  and  of  the 

i  contents  of  the  ''Concessions,"  issued  by  the  Proprietors. 

I  It  seems  that  Philip  Carteret,  the  Governor,  paid  little  atten- 

I  tion  tothe  instructions  which  he  had  received  from  the  Propri- 

I  etors,  and  purchased  from  one  of  the  Associates  his  allotment, 

I  and  thereby  became  an  Associate,  but  those  who  came  with  him 

from  his  island  home  and  from  England  did  not  meet  with  a 
i  cordial  reception,  and  in  a  short  time  had  to  endure  actual 

hostility.     The  question  of  quit-rents,  that  is,  the  payment  of 

one-half  penny  per  acre,  required  to  be  paid  under  the  "Conces- 
f  sions"  issued  by  the  Lord  Proprietors,  did  not  assume  impor- 

[  tance  until  the  time  approached  w  hen  payment  was  to  be  made. 

I  There  can  be  no  doubt,  however,  that  the  payment  was  always 

in  the  mind  of  the  Governor  and  those  who  were  of  his  party, 
j  and  some  of  the  Associates,  and  all  of  the  settlers  who  had 

i  2 


i8  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

acquired  allotments  under  the  Governor,  had  them  surveyed 
and  registered.  The  most  assertive  of  the  settlers,  or  Asso- 
ciates, and  those  who  claimed  under  them,  failed  to  have  their 
allotments  surveyed  or  registered,  resting  content  with  the  title 
acquired  from  the  Indians  and  the  NicoUs'  grant. 

The  settlers  at  Middletown  and  Shrewsbury,  whose  lands 
had  been  acquired  in  the  same  manner  as  those  held  by  the 
Elizabethtown  Associates,  held  an  assembly  of  their  own  call, 
and  declared  their  immunity  from  Proprietary  quit-rents.  They 
also  brought  the  question  of  quit-rents  before  the  assembly  held 
at  Elizabeth  on  November  3,  1668,  but  it  seems  they  were  dis- 
missed, not  being  wilHng  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  and 
fidelity.  When  the  rent  day  arrived,  on  March  25,  1670,  many 
of  the  Elizabethtown  Associates  refused  to  pay,  claiming  that 
their  title  antedated  that  of  the  Lords  Proprietors.  The  people 
of  Newark  complied  and  paid  the  rent  every  year  as  the  same 
became  due,  and  even  passed  resolutions  directing  distress  to 
be  made  against  such  persons  as  should  refuse  to  make  pay- 
ment. 

In  Elizabethtown  the  people  and  the  Governor  became 
estranged,  and  threats  were  exchanged,  and  on  May  14,  1672, 
the  representatives  from  Newark,  Elizabeth,  Woodbridge,  Pis- 
cataway  and  Bergen  met  at  Elizabeth,  and,  in  the  absence  of  the 
Governor,  (who  claimed  that  they  were  acting  without  author- 
ity in  the  absence  of  the  Council  and  himself)  elected  James 
Carteret,  President,  claiming  the  right  to  do  so  under  the 
"Concessions"  of  the  Proprietors.  They  were  acting  possibly 
without  authority  of  law%  and  their  conduct  goes  to  show  the 
feelings  by  which  they  were  animated.  They  recognized  James 
Carteret  as  "President  of  the  Country."  He  was  the  son  of 
Sir  George  Carteret,  and  stopped  at  Elizabeth  on  his  way  from 
England  to  Carolina,  where  he  was  to  represent  his  father.  He 
claimed  to  have  authority  from  his  father  to  represent  him  in 
New  Jersey,  and  to  assume  control  of  the  government.  Gov- 
ernor Carteret  issued  a  proclamation  calling  on  the  people  to 
support  the  Lords  Proprietors,  but  with  the  people  of  the 
Colony  against  him  he  was  without  any  authority  that  he  could 
enforce,  and  was  compelled  to  look  to  England  to  restore  his 
power. 


5  Quit-Rents  in  Colonial  New  Jersey  19 

^  In  1672  the  Governor,  and  at  least  four  of  his  friends,  went 

r  to  England,  to  represent  the  condition  of  affairs  in  the  Colony, 

i  leavhig  John  Berry  as  Deputy-Governor;  and  in  May,  1673, 

I  three  of  these,  Bollen,  Pardon  and  Moore,  returned  with  a 

I  letter  from  the  Duke  of  York  to  Governor  Lovelace  of  New 

I  York,  directing  him  to  take  notice  that  the  grant  of  Nicolls  to 

f  the  Associates  on  December  i,  1664,  was  void,  on  the  ground 

I  that  the  Nicolls'  grant  was  posterior  to  the  deed  of  lease  and 

\  release  to  Berkeley  and  Carteret.     This  letter  was  dated  No- 

f  vember  25,  1672,  and  was  produced  before  Lovelace  at  New 

«  York  on  May  25,  1673.     King  Charles  was  also  induced  to 

I  take  notice  of  the  controversy,  and  on  December  9,  1672,  wrote 

I  to  Deputy-Governor  Berry,  calling  attention  to  the  disturbances 

{  of  the  inhabitants  of  Elizabethtown,  and  requiring  him  to  notify 

\  all  persons  to  obey  the  laws  established  by  the  Lords  Propri- 

1  etors,  who  had  the  sole  power  to  settle  and  dispose  of  the 

I  country  on  such  terms  and  conditions  as  they  thought  fit,  and 

\  that  on  failure  to  observe  those  laws  the  violators  would  meet 

\  with  his  high  displeasure  and  be  proceeded  against  with  due 

»  severity  of  law.     At  the  same  time  the  Deputy-Governor  re- 

1  ceived  written  instructions  from  Lord  Berkeley  and  Sir  George 

I  Carteret,  dated  December  10,  1672,  calling  his  attention  to  the 

j  letter  sent  to  Governor  Lovelace  (a  copy  of  which  accompanied 

!  the  instructions)  and  to  the  Duke's  declaration  that  the  grant 

;  of  Nicolls  to  the  associates  was  posterior  in  time  to  the  sale  of 

[  the  territory  by  the  Duke  to  Berkeley  and  Carteret,  and  that 

the  title  was  solely  in  the  Proprietors. 

In  the  month  of  August,  1673,  the  Dutch  took  possession 
of  the  country,  to  the  evident  joy  of  the  Elizabethtown  people, 
but,  as  the  captured  territory  was  returned  to  the  English  the 
next  year,  this  incident  had  no  bearing  on  the  question  of  quit- 
rents,  and  as  the  resumption  of  English  rule  might  be  regarded 
as  the  commencement  of  a  new  power  in  the  Crown,  Charles 
made  a  new  patent  for  the  territory  covered  by  his  previous 
deed  to  the  Duke  (March  12,  1664)  on  June  29,  1674,  and  on 
the  same  date  the  Duke  executed  a  deed  or  grant  to  Sir  George 
Carteret  for  East  Jersey. 

On  the  previous  June  13,  1674,  King  Charles  had  written  a 


20  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

letter  to  Sir  George  acknowledging  him  to  be  seized  of  the 
Province  of  Nova  Caesarea,  or  New  Jersey,  in  America,  and 
requiring  all  persons  inhabiting  within  the  Province  to  yield 
obedience  to  the  laws  established  by  Sir  George,  "who  hath  sole 
power  under  us  to  settle  and  dispose  of  the  said  country,  upon 
pain  of  incurring  our  high  displeasure  and  being  proceeded 
against  according  to  law." 

Still  the  agitation  and  disputes  continued,-  and  litigation  was 
resorted  to  from  time  to  time,  with  varying  success,  sometimes 
in  favor  of  the  settlers  and  sometimes  against  them.  This  we 
see  from  the  contents  of  a  petition  addressed  to  King  William 
III.,  sometime  after  1693,  which  is  set  out  in  full  in  Leaming 
and  Spicer  (p.  688).  It  was  signed  by  sixty-five  of  the  inhab- 
itants of  Elizabethtown  on  behalf  of  themselves  and  others, 
and  set  forth  the  facts  concerning  the  Indian  deed  and  the 
grant  from  Nicolls,  and  referred  to  a  case  in  ejectment,  in 
which  the  Indian  title  of  one  JefTery  Jones  was  sustained  by  a 
jury,  but  which  was  set  aside  by  the  Justices,  who  in  turn  were 
overruled  by  His  Majesty.  The  petition  concluded  by  praying 
for  annexation  to  New  York,  or  for  the  appointment  of  a  Judge 
by  His  Majesty  to  administer  justice.  Nothing  appears  to  have 
resulted  from  the  petition. 

During  the  long  contest  the  Associates  were  not  in  want  of 
encouragement,  and  were  sustained  by  the  people  generally. 
For  instance,  on  November  18,  1729,  a  committee  of  seven  of 
the  Elizabeth  people  was  appointed  to  take  action  looking  to 
the  defense  of  the  Associates  under  the  Indian  title,  and  we 
hear  of  a  riot  concerning  quit-rents  so  late  as  1746  taking  place 
at  Perth  Amboy. 

The  attitude  taken  by  the  people  of  Elizabethtown  finally 
drove  the  Proprietors  to  take  legal  action  in  the  Court  of 
Chancery,  and  on  April  13,  1745,  a  bill  was  tiled  in  that  Court. 
The  bill  was  long  and  cumbersome,  and  intended  to  deal  with 
the  whole  question  and  not  with  single  individuals.  The  amount 
of  arrearages  had  grown  to  a  large  sum,  and  the  interest  of  the 
parties  concerned  and  their  sympathizers  was  intense.  An 
answer  was  filed  to  the  bill  in  the  summer  of  1751.     It  is  diffi- 


'See  N.  J.  Arch.  Vol.  2,  p.  84. 


Two  Loyalist  Officers  of  New  Jersey  21 

cult  to  say  why  such  a  long  time  should  have  elapsed  between 
the  filmg  of  the  bill  and  the  filing  of  the  answer.  The  issue 
joined  was  never  brought  to  a  final  hearing,  and  even  the  bill 
and  the  ansvv^er  have  disappeared  from  the  files  of  the  Court. 
The  fact  that  the  case  was  never  brought  to  issue  may  be  due 
to  the  death  of  counsel  for  the  Proprietors  shortly  after  the 
filing  of  the  answer,  and  to  the  fear  that  Governor  Belcher, 
who  was  Chancellor  by  virtue  of  his  office,  and  a  resident  of 
Elizabethtown,  as  well  as  a  friend  of  its  people,  might  take 
a  view  favorable  to  the  defendants.  Whatever  the  cause,  the 
case  was  never  tried,  and  the  Revolution  set  the  question 
involved  at  rest  forever. 

What  effect  did  this  question  have  upon  the  minds  of  the 
people  of  New  Jersey  in  the  cross  currents  preceding  the  Revo- 
lution ?  The  Stamp  Act,  which  imposed  an  internal  tax  on  the 
people  of  the  Colonies,  and  the  customs  tax  which  was  imposed 
on  goods  coming  here,  are  usually  referred  to  as  the  prime 
causes  that  brought  about  the  Revolution,  but  it  is  doubtful 
whether  these  illegal  acts  alone  would  have  precipitated  the 
conflict  in  New  Jersey  if  they  had  not  been  preceded  by  a  long 
Hne  of  objectionable  legislation  by  the  British  Parliament,  and 
by  usurpations  of  the  administrative  officials  of  the  Crown. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  here  in  New  Jersey  the  question 
of  quit-rents  was  one  of  the  causes  that  produced  the  feeling 
of  hostility  and  opposition  which  finally  led  to  the  Revolution. 

TWO  LOYALIST  OFFICERS  OF  NEW  JERSEY 

by  e.  alfred  jones,  m.  a.,  f.  r.  hist.  s.,  london,  eng. 
Major  John  Barnes. 

Whatever  may  be  said  of  the  political  views  of  the  American 
Loyalists,  the  double  fact  can  hardly  be  denied,  after  a  study 
of  the  unpublished  Loyalist  documents  in  the  Public  Record 
Office  in  London,  that  very  many  of  them  were  men  of  high 
character  and  abilities,  devoted  to  America  as  warmly  and  as 
conscientiously  as  the  most  ardent  combatant  on  the  other  side. 


22  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Although  the  subject  of  this  note  was  not  one  of  the  most 
conspicuous  LoyaHsts,  yet  his  name  deserves  to  be  recorded 
in  the  annals  of  his  native  Province  of  New  Jersey.  This 
worthy  man  was  one  John  Barnes,  of  Trenton,  where  he  had 
lived  for  many  years  as  a  distiller  in  Queen  street  (now  Greene 
street)  before  the  Revolutionary  War.  He  had  taken  an  active 
part  in  public  affairs  of  the  State,  first  as  a  Lieutenant,  from 
August  23,  1746,  in  the  Company  of  Captain  John  Dag  worthy. 
Junior,  in  which  he  was  granted  a  commission  on  the  represen- 
tation of  that  officer  to  John  Hamilton,  President  of  His 
Majesty's  Council  and  Commander-in-chief  of  the  Province  of 
New  Jersey,  as  an  acknowledgment  of  his  services  in  recruiting 
men  for  the  intended  expedition  to  Canada.  His  original  com- 
mission, in  which  he  is  described  as  gentleman,  is  preserved  in 
the  PubHc  Record  Office  in  London.     (A.  O.  13  ;   108). 

He  was  afterwards  appointed  by  Governor  William  Frank- 
lin to  the  dignified  office  of  "High  Sheriff  of  Hunterdon 
County,"  a  lucrative  office,  which  produced  him  an  annual 
income  of  about  £600  in  fees,  in  New  Jersey  currency,  and 
which  he  held  until  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  Hav- 
ing espoused  the  Loyalist  cause  he  was  deprived  of  this  office 
at  that  time.  We  next  hear  of  him  with  the  British  army  at 
Brunswick  in  November,  1776,  when  he  was  appointed  Major 
in  the  First  Battalion  of  the  New  Jersey  Volunteers.  He  lost 
his  life  in  the  attack  on  the  British  posts  on  Staten  Island, 
New  York,  by  General  Sullivan,  being  wounded  on  August  22, 
1777  and  dying  nine  days  later. 

This  Loyalist's  house  at  Trenton  is  described  as  a  large  and 
commodious  mansion,  two  stories  high,  with  stables  and  other 
buildings,  the  whole  of  which  property  was  confiscated  and 
sold  by  the  State. 

In  his  will  he  left  his  estate  to  his  wife,  Mary,  and,  after  her 
dece.-'se,  to  his  niece,  Sarah  Hooton  Barnes,  whom  failing,  to 
the  daughters  of  his  sister,  Rachel  Stelle  (perhaps  the  wife  of 
Pontius  Stelle,  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  New  Jersey  and 
a  Commissioner  for  the  disbursement  of  the  funds  for  the 
expedition  to  Canada,  for  which  Major  Barnes  had  been  so 
zealous  in  recruiting).     Flis  widow  lived  upon  a  Loyalist  pen- 


f 

{  Two  Loyalist  Officers  of  Nezv  Jersey  23 

I 

^  sion  granted  by  the  British  Government  until  her  death,  April 

■  14,  1807. 

Stryker   describes   this   Loyalist   as    "much   lamented   as   a 

i  worthy  man  and  a  gallant  soldier." 

5  The  references  for  the  official  documents  in  this  case  (in  Lon- 

j  don)  are:    A.  O.  12:14,  ff.  260-267;    A.  O.  12:100,  f.   147; 

I  A.  O.  12:109;   and  Ind.  8229.     Another  source  which  may  be 

I  consulted  is  the  Historical  MSS.  Com.  Report  on  the  Amer- 

I  ican  MSS.  in  the  Royal  Institution,  Vol.  IV,  pp.  284,  318.    See 

\  also  Stryker's  "N.  J.  Volunteers  (Loyalists)"  in  the  Rev.,  p.  31, 

f 

'  Major  John  Antill.^ 

Major  John  Antill  was  the  son  of  Hon.  Edward  Antill,  of 
Perth  Amboy,  New  Jersey,  and  was  born  about  1745.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  New  Jersey  Bar  in  1767.  He  held  several 
public  offices  with  general  approval  before  the  War,  namely. 
Secretary  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Judicature,  Surrogate, 
Keeper  of  the  Records  and  Clerk  of  the  Council,  all  of  which 
were  obtained  by  purchase  for  the  sum  of  £2,900  sterling  and 
yielded  an  annual  income  of  £600.  He  was  also  the  holder  of 
other  offices  before  and  during  the  War,  such  as  Clerk  of  the 
General  Post  Office  in  America  from  1775  "^o  1778,  Agent  for 
the  packet  boats,  and  one  of  the  six  Clerks  of  Chancery. 

As  an  "obnoxious  Tory"  this  lawyer  was  under  the  necessity 
I  of  taking  refuge  on  board  H.  M.  S.  Phoenix  in  :\Iarch,  1776, 

I  and  remained  there  until  the  arrival  of  the  British  army.    With 

i  his  brother-in-law,  Lieutenant-Colonel  John  ]Morris,  of  Shrews- 

^  bury,  New  Jersey,  (a  retired  Lieutenant  in  the  47th  Regiment 

I  of  Foot  in  the  British  Army)  he  was  instrumental  in  raising  in 

I  1776  the  Second  Battalion  of  the  well-known  Loyalist  Regi- 

I  ment,  commanded  by  Cortlandt  Skinner,  the  New  Jersey  Vol- 

I  unteers.     To  his  mortification,  Major  John  Antill,  as  he  then 

\  was,  was  later  cashiered    (Aug.   15,   1780)    for  making  false 


I  A  notice  of  this  Major  Antill  appeared  in  the  Proceedings  of  1817 

I  (art.  by  William  Nelson,  Third  Scries,  Vol.  II,  p.  47).  but  the  present 

I  sketch   supplements    that   article  by   giving   facts   chiefly   obtainable   in 

1  England. — Editor. 


24  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

returns  and  drawing  provisions  for  more  men  than  the  effective 
strength  of  his  battalion,  but  was  shortly  afterwards  re-in- 
stated. 

With  Lieutenant-Colonel  Elisha  Lawrence,  Antill  was  one 
of  the  accredited  agents  of  the  seconded  officers  of  the  Loyalist 
Regiments  to  secure  settlements  for  them  in  Nova  Scotia. 
Parr,  the  Governor  of  that  Province,  was  dissatisfied  with  his 
conduct  there,  and  wrote,  on  15  August,  1783,  to  General  Sir 
Guy  Carleton,  complaining  of  his  "unreasonable  demands  and 
illiberal  ideas"  on  behalf  of  the  seconded  officers.  Carleton,  in 
his  reply,  expressed  regret  that  those  officers  had  "made  choice 
of  so  improper  a  person  as  Major  Antill  to  act  as  their  agent." 

John  Antill  married  (i)  on  21  April,  1770,  Margaret,  daugh- 
ter of  Alexander  and  Elizabeth  (Nicholls)  Colden,  of  New 
York,  who  died  in  Canada,  in  1783;  and  (2),  his  deceased 
wife's  sister,  Jane  Colden.  By  his  first  wife  he  had  three  chil- 
dren. 

For  the  loss  of  his  real  estate  in  New  Jersey  he  was  awarded 
by  the  British  Government  the  sum  of  £2,900,  as  well  as  X340 
for  the  loss  of  his  annual  professional  income.  In  addition  to 
these  grants  he  received  a  pension  and  half-pay  as  Major  until 
January,  1813,  when  they  ceased,  probably  after  his  death. 

Major  John  Antill  was  also  the  owner  of  about  9,000  acres 
of  land  in  his  own  right  in  the  Province  of  New  York,  and 
between  3,000  and  4,000  acres  in  right  of  his  first  wife,  valued 
by  him  at  £3,000  sterling,  besides  a  large  tract  devised  to  him 
by  Cadwallader  Colden,  late  Lieutenant  Governor  of  New 
York.  Debts  due  to  him  on  bonds  and  notes  amounted  to  about 
£3,500  sterling. 

References  to  him  may  be  found  in  Public  Record  Office, 
London:  A.  O.  12:14;  12:100,  f.  248;  12:109;  13=93.  108, 
113;  Ind.  56o5-'6,  Also  in  Hist.  MSS.,  Com.  Rep.  on  the 
American  IMSS.  in  the  Royal  Institution,  Vol.  IV,  pp.  60,  280, 
334;  Stryker's  "N.  J.  Volunteers  (Loyalists)"  p.  31;  "N.  J. 
Archives,"  Third  Series,  Vol.  II,  p.  47,  and  authorities  there 
cited. 


The  Condict  Revolutioftary  Record  Abstracts  25 

I  THE  CONDICT  REVOLUTIONARY  RECORD 

I  ABSTRACTS 

I  [Continued  from  Vol.  VI,  Page  176] 

I  Record  of  Henry  Williams^ 

I  Henry  Williams:  Examination  Apr.  22,  1834,  in  respect  to 

1  five  months'  service  in  Craig's  Company.     .     .     .     Col.  Jaques 

■  had  command  of  mihtia  in  and  around  Rahway.     He  author- 

I  ized,  as  I  then  understood,  a  Co.  of  fine  months'  men  to  be 

I  raised  expressly  for  the  defense  of  the  frontier  between  Eliza- 
beth Town  Point  and  Trembly  Point,  about  4  or  5  miles.    This 

!  was  our  ground  guard  and  we  mounted  regularly  at  Elizabeth 

\  Town  Point,  at  De  Hart's  Point  or  Halstead's  Point,  Morris 

1  Mills,   Trembly's   Point   and   occasionally   at   places   between. 

\  Elizabeth   Town  was  our   regular   station.     Every   night   we 

I  mounted  guard  at  those  places.    Our  station  at  Elizabeth  Town 

i  was,  part  of  the  time,  at  William  McAdams',  near  the  wooden 
bridge.  Most  of  the  time  our  provisions  were  issued  by  one 
Woodruff.     We  entered  on  this  duty  latter  part  of  June  and 

-^  time  expired  about  last  of  November. 

\  Before  my  time  was  out  our  Co.  was  called  out  to  prevent  the 

i  rescue  of  a  Tory,  or  Refugee,  by  the  name  of  Long,  who  had 

I  been  guilty  of  taking  and  carrying  off  leading  Whigs.     In  the 

i  Winter  before  he  came  over  with  a  party  of  12  or  15  from 

I  Staten  Island,  surrounded  my  father's  house,  took  my  oldest 

I  brother,  John,  and  carried  him  to  the  enemy ;   would  not  allow 

I  him  to  put  on  his  great  coat ;    took  him  to  New  York  to  the 

1  Sugar  House.    He  took  and  carried  off  6  or  7  others  about  that 

1  time,  James  Anibort  (  ?),  Caleb  Potter,  John  Hainer  and  three 

!  others.     The  enemy  then  possessed  Elizabeth  Town  and  Rah- 

I  way.     They  kept  the  men  at  Rahway  till  they  collected  seven 

!  and  then  took  all  off  to  the  Sugar  House.     My  brother,  John, 

I  and  ID  others  made  their  escape  the  Summer  following  and 

(  got  back  to  their  friends. 

I  The  same  Long  had  been  a  schoolmaster  at  Rahway ;  was  an 


'In  the  April.  1921,  Proceedings  a  brief  record  of  Henry  Williams 
appeared.  The  following  is  more  in  detail,  bein^  discovered  later  in  the 
"Abstracts,"  and  seems  sufficiently  interesting  to  give  quite  fully. — 
Editor. 


26  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Englishman.  He  came  the  next  Fall  as  a  spy,  was  taken  pris- 
oner by  strategem  in  Nichols'  barn  near  Rahway,  was  tried  by 
court  martial  over  which  Col.  Jacques  presided  and  sentenced  to 
be  hanged,  and  was  hanged  at  Kinsey's  Corner,  not  far  from 
Rahway.  It  was  so  near  the  enemy  that  it  was  thought  they 
might  attempt  his  rescue,  and  our  Co.  was  ordered  on  this  duty, 
to  see  the  sentence  enforced.  A  few  nights  afterward  some 
Whigs,  willing  to  sport  with  Long's  carcass,  dug  him  up  at 
night  and  placed  him  on  his  feet  against  the  door  of  another 
Tory,  an  Englishman,  Richard  Cozens,  with  a  milk  pail  over  his 
head.  It  v.^as  cold  and  the  body  froze  stiff,  and,  opening  the 
door  in  the  niorning.  Long's  body  fell  into  the  room.  This 
was  intended  as  a  warning  to  Cozens.  The  gallows  was  by  the 
corner  of  his  garden  and  distant  not  more  than  four  or  five 
rods  from  Cozens'  window.  Ellis  Thorp  was  compelled  to  be 
hangman.  Long  had  enticed  him  to  carry  letters  to  different 
characters  in  the  different  neighborhoods. 

Suggests  as  witness  Frazee  Craig.  He  may  remember 
Charles  Clark  and  Henry  Williams  taking  some  sheep  which 
were  about  to  be  carried  from  Trembly's  Point  to  the  enemy. 
The  sheep  were  taken  from  their  concealment  in  a  skiff  to  the 
creek,  when  Clark  and  Williams  seized  them.  They  were  taken 
to  Capt.  Craig's,  father  of  Frazee  Craig.  .  .  .  David 
Thurston  v/as  orderly  sergeant. 

I  enlisted  as  private,  but  in  less  than  a  week  was  regularly 
appointed  sergeant  and  drew  pay  as  such  the  whole  time.  .  .  . 
I  regularly  belonged  to  Capt.  S.  Williams  Co.  till  he  resigned, 
and  did  duty  under  him  till  the  five  months'  service.  Then 
Capt.  Thomas  Mulford  was  appointed.  Did  duty  under  other 
Captains.  Did  duty  under  Captain  Laing  at  Woodbridge  and 
elsewhere,  Capt.  Wood,  Capt.  John  Scudder'and  Capt.  Elisha 
Dunham.  Had  three  brothers  in  the  Long  Island  Battle,  one, 
John,  an  ensign  in  Swan's  Co.,  and  two,  Cornelius  and  David, 
privates.  This  Battle  was  fought  while  we  were  at  Bergen ; 
we  saw  the  lights  of  the  guns  flashing  and  heard  all  the  firing. 

Frazee  Craig:  (Verified  much  of  preceding).  Drew  the 
timber  to  make  the  gallows  on  which  Long  was  hung  and 
assisted  in  burying  him  the  second  time. 


The  Condict  Revolutionary  Record  Abstracts  27 

Record  of  Frazee  Craig 

Frazee  Craig:  His  militia  service  was,  first,  under  Capt. 
I  Morse  at  Springfield,  when  it  and  Connecticut  Farms  were 
f  burnt.  Was  in  the  fight  at  the  cross  roads  below  Elizabeth 
i  Town  toward  the  Point.  Following  the  enemy  near  Springfield 
I  and  near  to  Capt.  Amos  Morse  a  field  piece  ball  from  the 
I  enemy  struck  the  under  rail  of  the  fence  and  rolled  along  on  the 
\  ground.  One  of  the  soldiers  picked  it  up  and  put  it  in  his 
\        knapsack. 

]  Toured  with  his  father  on  Staten  Island  in  the  hard  Winter ; 

I  crossed  on  the  ice;  part  crossed  at  Blazing  Star  and  part  at 
,'  Elizabeth  Town  Point.  The  British  in  New  York,  by  crossing 
[  the  Hudson  on  the  ice,  with  field  pieces,  relieved  the  British 
I  fort  at  Richmond,  sometimes  called  Cuckolds  town,  where  the 
,;  whole  garrison  would  have  been  captured  had  it  not  been 
reenforced.  Stirling  commanded  us.  Was  on  the  Island  two 
days.  We  kept  down  the  Island  to  near  Decker's  ferry ;  from 
I  there  turned  oflF  toward  Richmond.  At  Deckertown  took  a 
;.  British  guard,  which  the  enemy  always  stationed  there,  prob- 
\        ably  as  many  as  20  men. 

\  On  another  Tour  we  took  an  armed  vessel  anchored  in  the 

'  stream  opposite  the  fort  at  Richmond.  The  fort  was  an  old 
I  stone  barn  in  which  was  a  field  piece,  18-  or  24-pounder.  We 
j  brought  the  vessel  to  near  the  flats  at  Elizabeth  Town,  dis- 
i  masted  it,  took  out  the  sails,  provisions  (beef  and  pork)  and 
j  ammunition  and  set  fire  to  her.  The  enemy  came  suddenly  and 
extinguished  the  fire  before  she  was  consumed,  retook  the 
vessel  and  got  her  out  at  high  water.  Father  had  command  of 
I  the  large,  flat-bottomed  vessel  on  which  we  went  out  from 
Elizabeth  Town ;  this  Tour  was  under  his  father's  command. 

Another  Tour  was  with  Hezekiah  Thompson  in  charge  of  a 
heavy  team  of  6  or  8  yokes  of  oxen  and  a  heavy  wagon.  We 
collected  from  around  Rahway  and  neighborhood  and  went  to 
the  mountain  above  Springfield.  We  took  the  alarm  gun  in  the 
night,  carried  it  to  opposite  Amboy,  planted  it  in  the  night  on 
high  ground,  and  got  in  readiness  to  open  fire,  as  soon  as  it 
was  light,  upon  a  guard  ship  or  tender  then  in  the  stream.    We 


28  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

opened  a  heavy  fire  within  point  blank  range ;  could  see  the  tim- 
bers of  the  vessel  fly.  The  enemy  slipped  her  cable  and  made 
off,  but  no  guard  vessel  ever  returned  there. 

Performed  militia  duty  almost  constantly  from  time  of  enter- 
ing, 1780,  until  he  entered  the  year's  service  under  his  father 
in  one  of  the  N.  J.  levies,  when  his  father  and  Capt.  Amos 
Morse  were  his  officers,  stationed  at  Jud.  King's  and  at  Sign  of 
the  Ship  in  Rahway.  .  .  .  Was  once  out  as  ensign  in  cold 
weather,  the  snow  having  crust  over  it,  when  a  man  passing  in 
the  night  was  suspicioned.  Haled  him;  snapped  piece  three 
times  at  him.  He  proved  to  be  Jerry  King,  who  was  taken 
next  night  at  Morristown  by  Sheriff  Arnold  and  hung  for  horse 
stealing. 

Record  of  Israel  Lee 

Israel  Lee:  (May  31,  1834).  First  Tour  was  in  Dec, 
1776;  at  Battle  of  Springfield,  probably  under  Capt.  Joseph 
Beach  (substitute  for  IMills).  Was  with  Capt.  Hathaway  when 
he  was  wounded  below  Coo's  (?)  ferry.  A  Company  of  about 
30  Waldeckers  was  taken  prisoners.  Was  at  Connecticut 
Farms  when  Mrs.  Caldwell  was  shot  and  at  the  fight  below 
Elizabeth  Town.  Had  Tour  at  Newark  Mountains  and  New- 
ark under  Capt.  Bates  and  ]Major  Bott.  Served  2  months  as 
substitute  for  John  Mills,  his  master.  At  Chatham  on  a  Tour ; 
the  guard  shot ;  Reese  Williams  and  Jacob  and  John  Garrigues 
were  the  guard;  Williams  was  tipsy  and  took  hold  of  the  sen- 
try gun;  the  other  guards  came  up  and  shot  him  through  the 
gtoin. 

In  Oct.,  1777,  served  one  month  at  Acquackanonk ;  one 
month,  June,  1778,  in  Monmouth;  one  month,  Feb.,  1779;  one 
month,  Oct.,  1779;  one  month,  May,  1780;  one  month,  Jan., 
1 78 1,  at  the  gaol;  in  all  served  loYi  months. 

Was  called  out  on  an  alarm  when  the  British  came  out  from 
New  Brunswick  toward  Bound  Brook ;  was  under  Capt.,  or 
Lieut.,  Bockover ;  we  marched  to  Long  Hill  to  C.  "  "-—'<;; 
went  across  the  mountain  and  found  the  enemy  had  disap- 
peared ;  returned  by  Turkey  and  were  stationed  there  8  or 
10  days  near  Parson  Elmer's ;    heard  him  preach.  .  .  .  Was 


The  Condict  Revolutionary  Record  Abstracts  29 

on  guard  duty  at  Morris  when  Richard  Dowe  Stevens  was  hung 
as  a  counterfeiter  of  paper  money,  about  the  last  year  of  the 
War. 

William  Lee:   Knew  Israel  Lee  on  duty  at  Springfield,  Eliz- 
abeth Town,  Chatham,  guarding  Morris  gaol,  when  two  Tories 
were  hung,  etc.  [corroborating  above]. 
%  Robert  Young     [Corroborates  in  detail]. 


u 


Record  of  Jacob  Sisco 

Jacob  Sisco,  of  Hanover,  Morris  Co,,  in  75th  year:  Served 
in  Jan.,  1776,  under  Capt.  Robert  Nichols,  being  stationed  in 
Newark  in  John  Ogden's  storehouse;  was  on  guard  duty 
against  Refugees  and  Tories ;  volunteered  always — was  never 
drafted.  Belonged  to  Capt.  Reeves'  Co.;  10  or  15  men  were 
sent  from  each  Co.  to  form  the  force  Nichols  commanded. 
Guards  were  mounted  every  night  and  stationed  at  different 
parts  of  the  town  to  guard  the  people.  The  enemy  had  fre- 
quently plundering  parties  sent  out  and  took  leading  men ; 
Caleb  Bruen,  David  Morehouse  and  one  Ball  were  taken  by  one 
Hetfield,  a  noted  Tory.     Staid  till  May  i. 

When  the  British  landed  in  New  York  and  the  Long  Island 
'  Battle  was  fought  was  out  by  orders  of  Capt.  Reeves.  Was 
I  out  one  month  at  Powles  Hook  under  Major  Hays.  In  Fall 
''  following  was  another  month  at  Newark  under  Nichols ;  guard 

I  duty  at  Ogden's  house  and  schoolhouse  at  lower  end  of  town. 
I  Whole  Spring,  Summer  and  Fall  of  1777  was  under  Reeves 
I  and  IMajor  Hays,  and  chased  Refugees  and  Tories  across  the 
i  lines.  In  1778  guarded  salt  works  near  Barnegat  under  Capt. 
p  Laing.  In  1779  was  on  guard  duty  at  Newark  under  Nichols. 
I  In  1780  same  duty  at  Newark  and  one  month  at  Elizabeth 
I  Town  at  Stackhouse's  above  the  stone  bridge ;  was  at  fight 
',  when  Farms  and  Springfield  were  burnt.  Reeves  commanded 
J  and  was  wounded  at  Springfield  in  June,  a  ball  passing  in  the 
I  side  and  lodged  in  the  back.  He  was  carried  in  a  horse  '•*^*-*»r 
f  from  the  field  to  Stephen  Parkhurst's  mill.  Gen.  Washington 
arrived  after  the  fight  and  saw  the  wounded  officer ;  dis- 
mounted and  examined  the  wounds.  ...  In  1781  had  3 
or  4  months  guard  duty  at  Newark  under  Nichols.    Was  born 


30  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Jan.  I,  1760;    father  died  when  young;    was  born  in  Spring- 
field township ;   lived  in  Springfield  when  entering  service. 

Record  of  Joseph  Lyon 

Joseph  Lyon:  (June  20,  1834).  First  Tour  was  in  1779 
under  Reeves,  as  a  substitute  for  his  father.  Was  on  guard 
duty  at  Newark  under  Major  Hays;  at  Moses  Ross's  (?) 
house  on  Main  street.  .  .  .  Second  Tour  was  under  Og- 
den ;  stationed  at  Capt.  Ogden's  father's  in  Newark — old  Judge 
Ogden — on  guard  duty.  Some  Refugees  crossed  over  from 
Bergen  and  took  ofif  cattle  from  Newark  Neck;  we  followed 
and  recovered  part  which  they  could  not  get  on  board  their 
boats.  Third  Tour,  of  10^  months,  was  under  Edwards,  part 
of  time  substituting  for  my  brother-in-law,  Samuel  Taylor; 
was  again  at  Newark,  at  Ogden's,  under  Alajor  Hays  ("Bark- 
knife").  Fourth  Tour  was  under  E.  Squire  at  Newark  at 
Ogden's  ;  the  second  month  under  Jeroloman  at  Second  River ; 
was  quartered  at  Col.  Cortlandt's,  on  houseguard  duty.  Third 
month  under  Nichol's  at  B.  O.  Baldwin's  as  substitute  for  Sam- 
uel Taylor.  Fourth  month  at  Newark  at  Benjamin  Coe's, 
Esq.  .  .  .  Served  this  Tour  for  his  father.  Fifth  Tour 
was  in  1780;  was  28  days  under  Capt.  Williams,  at  New- 
ark. .  .  .  Refugees  and  Tories  burnt  the  house  of  one 
Neale  at  Newark.  .  .  ,  Enlisted  for  a  year  under  Capt. 
Neale,  who  resigned  before  the  Company  was  filled  up,  and 
Gillan  was  elected  Capt.  in  his  place;  served  the  whole  year. 
Gillan  never  headed  his  Company  at  all ;  was  accused  of  being 
a  coward  by  Lieuts.  Burnet  and  Shea,  and  Burnet  took  com- 
mand. Gillan  was  tried  by  court  martial  at  Chatham  and 
broken.  Had  a  skirmish  with  Refugees  and  Tories  at  Neale's 
house,  Mulberry  street,  when  the  house  was  burnt ;  drove  them 
with  field  pieces  to  the  old  ferry.  Ben  Williams'  lightning 
rod  was  cut  off  by  the  fire  of  the  Refugees  who  had  a 
4-pounder  ;  this  skirmish  lasted  all  day.  In  Orange  county  lay 
by  a  Block  House.  Had  a  skirmish  at  Dobbs'  ferry.  [Wit- 
nesses named  as  Linas  Baldwin  (too  ill  to  travel)  and  Thomas 
Harrison,  who  lives  in  Troy.  Declaration  specifies  21  months 
and  II  days  service]. 


The  Condict  Revolutionary  Record  Abstracts  31 

B  Record  of  Daniel  Skellinger 

I  David  Skellinger:    (July  3,  1834).    First  Tour  was  in  Sum- 

I         mer  of  1776;   at  Battle  of  Long  Island.    Had  removed  in  the 

i         Spring   from   Bridgehampton   to   Chester,   Morris   Co.;    was 

I         born  in  Canterbury,  Conn.,  but,  when  two  years  old,  moved  to 

\         L.  Island.    Birthday,  Mar.  12,  1757.    In  1776  belonged  to  Capt. 

I         N.  B.  Luse's  Company,  Col.  Martin's  Regt. ;   volunteered  my 

I         services.      Marched    through    Morristown,    Newark,    Powles 

[         Hook  to  New  York;    thence  to  L.  Island  a  week  before  the 

i         Battle.     After  six  weeks  was  discharged.     Second  Tour  was 

\         in  Sept.,  under  Capt.   Nathaniel  Horton ;    on  guard  duty  at 

I         Elizabeth  Town,  Col.  Drake  and  Gen.  Heard  commanding.     In 

\         Nov.  was  at  Elizabeth  Town  on  guard  duty  under  Capt.  Hor- 

I         ton,  Cols.  Drake,  and  Ford,  Major  Bott  or  Adjutant  Bell  and 

Gens.  Heard  and  Williamson.    Was  discharged  and  went  home. 

In  1777,  March,  out  a  month  under  Capt.  Terry  and  Gen. 

I        Winds  at  Vermeule's  ;  a  large  body  there ;  w^as  discharged  and 

^        went  home.      In   May   out  a   month   under   Capt.    N.   Terry 

(Winds,   Colonel)  ;    marched  to   Elizabeth   Town,   thence   to 

Newark  and  Acquackanonk ;    then  was  discharged.     In  latter 

part  of  June  was  out  under  Capt.  Horton,  Col.  Drake  and  Gen. 

I         Winds  at  Elizabeth  Town  on  guard  duty;    also  a  month  in 

I         August  and  September,  and  a  month  in  November. 

In  1778  out  one  month  in  March  and  April  at  Elizabeth- 
town  under  Horton  and  Drake  and  Winds ;  a  month  in  Ivlay 
i  and  June.  We  started  for  Monmouth  but  heard  bridges  were 
f  gone  and  Winds  returned  to  Elizabeth  Town;  then  was  dis- 
i  charged.  In  August  out  one  month,  same  place;  out  also  in 
I  November,  when  Jabez  Bell  was  accidentally  shot  and  killed. 
I  In  1779  at  Elizabeth  Town  under  Horton;   in  June  or  July 

i  under  Capt.  Terry  and  then  went  after  the  Indians  on  the 
\  Delaware.  They  had  burnt  the  Minnisiuk  settlement;  Gen. 
I  Winds  commanded;  went  through  Newton  and  Dingman's 
[         ferry;   the  Indians  had  burnt  and  run. 

[  In   1780,   April,  out  under  Horton;   in  June  at  Elizabeth 

\  Town,  Connecticut  Farms  when  burnt  and  Mrs.  Caldwell  was 
i         shot,  and  at  Springfield  after  it  was  burnt.    Was  on  duty  when 


32  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Bell  was  shot ;  David  Horton  was  with  him ;  Aaron  Voorhees 
was  with  him  at  ]Minnisiuk. 

David  Horton  and  Elisha  Skcllinger:    (Corroborated  in  de- 
tail). 

Record  of  David  Am  merman 

David  Ammcrman:    First  service   (1776)  was  under  Capt. 
John  Read  of  Hunterdon  co.     Served  at  [New]  Germantown 

one  month  ;  was  at  Elizabeth  Town  in  Spring  in  board  tents —  j 

at  the  Point.     Large  body  of  militia  there  under  Col.  Winds  ] 

and  Gen.  Dickinson.     Second  Tour  was  under  Capt.  Godfrey  i 

Rinehart   at   the   Point,   making  breastworks   and   on   guard.  j 

Third  Tour  was  under  Van  Ess  (Van  Nest)  and  Frelinghuy-  j 

sen  below  Van  Veghten's  bridge,  at  Isaac  Becker's.     Fourth  j 

Tour  was  under  Capt.  Peter  Salmon  at  Elizabeth  Town,  one  i 

month.     Fifth  was  under  Capt.  Stephen  Brown;    stationed  at  1 

Col.   Spencer's  old  house  in   Elizabeth   Town ;    two   months.  j 

Three  Waldeckers  were  shot ;    lay  dead  and  stripped  naked ;  j 

assisted  to  bury  them  in  a  sink  hole.    Sixth,  under  Capt.  (after-  | 

ward  Col.)   Nathan  Luse.     Seventh,  under  Jeremiah  Stark  at  1 

Elizabeth  Town  and  Point  near  Amboy;    was  also  in   skir-  j 

mishes  near  Quibbletown ;   was  one  month  at  Hackensack  and  • 

one  month  at  Acquackanonk.     Was  at  Bound  Brook,  and  at  I 

Bertrand's ;  9  Hessians  were  taken  prisoners  at  Bound  Brook.  j 

In   1777  helped  build  a   fort  at  Elizabeth   Town;    was  at 
DeHart's  Point,  Newark;    at  Bound  Brook,  etc.     Was  under 
Capt.  Stephen  Brown,  Capt.  Luse,  Capt.  Stephen  Dotz.   (]\Ien- 
tions  Col.  Mehelm,  Col.  Meddard,  etc.). 
{To  he  Continued) 

Jn         *5*  ^*  ^^ 

SOME  MUSTER  ROLLS  IN  MILITARY  COMPANIES 
IN  SOMERSET 

While  muster  rolls  of  soldiers  in  the  militia  of  New  Jersey 
of  later  date  than  the  Revolution  are  of  less  general  interest 
than  those  pertaining  to  the  War  of  i776-'83,  yet  they  have 
often  some  interest  to  descendants  of  such  militiamen.  Accord- 
ingly we  may  publish  some  from  time  to  time. 


I 

I 

r  Some  Muster  Rolls  in  Military  Companies  in  Somerset    33 

I 

i  We  have  before  us  now  the  roll  of  two  Somerset  Companies, 

J-  viz. : 

I  I.  "The  First  Company  of  the  Second  Regiment  in  Somerset 

Brigade" : 

Officers :   Captain,  Daniel  IMelick ;   Lieutenant,  William  Ful- 

?  kerson ;  Sergeants,  William  Smith,  Martin  Bunn,  Gilbert  Blair. 

I  Date,  1806. 

I  Privates:   Jacob  Barker,  Hugh  Barkley,  Peter  Blair,  Philip 

I  Case,  Josiah  Cole,    Aaron  Crook,  Alexander  Dawson,  Harden- 

berg  Dow,  Henry  Dow,  John  Dumond,  Richard  Duyckinck, 

^  WilHam    Duychinck,     Daniel  Henry,    Enoch     Hunt,    Stephen 

I  Hunt,  John  Irvine,  Archibald  Kennedy,  Derrick  Lane,  Guis- 

1  bert  Lane,  John  Lane,  John  McBride,  Aaron  Melick,  Stephen 

i  D.  Minton,  Annanias  Mulford,  Charles  Ogden,  Isaac  Powelson, 

f  John   Powelson,   Henry   Quick,   Benjamin    Sigelear,   William 

Simpson,  Harry  Sloan,  Joseph  Smith,  Stoffel  Thorp,  David 

Todd,  William  Todd,  William  Van  Arsdale,  Harris  Van  Kirk, 

"}■  Cornelius  Van  Nest,  Jeremiah  Voorhees — 39. 

I  11.  "The  Second  Company  of  the  Second  Regiment  of  the 

I  First  Battalion  of  Somerset  Brigade."     Date,  June  2,   1818. 

I  Officers :   Lieutenant,  John  Craig ;   Ensign,  John  H.  Arrow- 

l  smith;   Sergeants,  William  J.  Todd,  Cornelius  L.  Wolfe,  Dan- 

I  iel  Todd,  Hardenberg  Dow ;    Corporals,  John  Alizner,  John 

J  Mullin,  Jacob  Castner,  William  Stites ;    Fifer,  William  Gay; 

I  Drummer,  Simon  S.  Vliet. 

f  Privates :  John  Alpaugh,  Albert  Ammerman,  David  Ammer- 

I  man,  Jr.,  Bailey  Breece,  Lewis  Chapman,  Benjamin  Conaway, 

I  Garret  C.  Conover,  Jeremiah  Craig,  Moses  Craig,  Robert  Craig, 

^  Robert  A.  Craig,  Thomas  Cuningham,  Peter  Demott,  Edward 

I  Demund,  Nicholas  Ditmarse,  John  Felmly,  Moses  Felmly,  Dr. 

\  Samuel    K.    Gaston,    Michael    Golder,    Daniel    H.    Hagaman, 

I  Dennis  Hagaman,  Simon  Hagaman,  Jr.,  William  H.  Honey- 

I  man,  William  Irvine,  Shobal   Luce,  Cornelius   Messier,  Wil- 

j  Ham  Messier,  John  Parrish,  Gilbert  Poulson,  John  C.  Poulson, 

i  John  Runk,  Jacob  Smith,  Henry  Stothoff,  David  Thorn,  Abra- 

1  ham  Tiger,  Jacob  Tiger,  Jr.,  John  Tiger,  John  Flavel  Todd, 

I  William  Todd,  Jr.,  Abraham  Van  Dike,  Isaac  Van  Dike,  Aaron 

!  Van  Dorn,  Jr.,  Isaac  Van  Dorn,  Joseph  Van  Dorn,  William  A. 
3 


34  Proceedings  Neiv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Van  Dorn,  James  Van  Pelt,  Simon  Vliet,  Abraham  Voorhees, 
Isaac  Voorhees,  Jacob  Voorhees,  Jr.,  James  Voorhees,  Jr.,  Jere- 
miah Wolfe — 52. 

^c^        tS^        t^        ^C 

LETTER  CONCERNING  THE  BATTLE  AT 
GERMANTOWN,   1777 

The  following  letter  was  published  in  the  "Monmouth  Dem- 
ocrat" of  Freehold  on  Sept.  24,  1875.  The  writer,  Asher 
Holmes,  was  then  First  Major  in  the  First  Regiment  of  Mon- 
mouth militia,  and  subsequently  was  Colonel  in  the  State 
troops.  As  letters  concerning  this  Battle  are  a  rarity,  we  give 
it  herewith : 

"Camp  on  the  mountain  near  Perkamie  Creek,  29  miles  west 
from  Philadelphia,  Oct.  6,  1777. 

"Dear  Sally:  The  day  before  yesterday  there  was  a  gen- 
eral engagement.  The  first  part  of  the  day  was  much  in  our 
favor.  We  drove  the  enemy  for  some  miles.  Gen.  Howe 
had  given  orders  for  his  army  to  retreat  over  the  Schuylkill 
River,  but  the  afterpart  of  the  day  was  unfavorable  to  us.  Our 
line  of  battle  was  broke,  and  we  were  obliged  to  retreat. 

"The  battlevvas  near  Germantown.  The  attack  was  made 
by  dififerent  divisions  in  different  quarters,  nearly  at  the  same 
time,  but  the  morning  being  very  foggy  was  much  against  us, 
and  the  severe  firing  added  to  the  thickness  of  the  air,  which 
prevented  our  seeing  far,  therefore  a  great  disadvantage  to  us. 
The  Jersey  Militia  and  Red  Coats  under  Gen.  Forman,  and 
the  Maryland  Militia,  with  some  'Listed  troops  under  Gen. 
Smallwood,  were  on  the  left  wing  of  the  whole  army.  We 
drove  the  enemy,  when  we  first  made  the  attack,  but  by  the 
thickness  of  the  fog  the  enemy  got  into  our  rear.  Therefore, 
had  to  change  our  front,  and  then  retreated  until  a  proper  place.' 

"Gen.  McDougal's  'Listed  men  then  formed  to  the  left  of 
us,  and  Gen.  Green's  'Listed  men  to  the  right  of  us,  but  ihey  all 
gave  way  except  the  Monmouth  Militia,  and  Gen.  Forman's 
Red  Coats  stood  firm  and  advanced  upon  the  British  Red  Coats, 
who  were  at  least  three  times  our  number,  to  a  fence,  when  we 
made  a  stand.  The  fire  was  very  severe,  and  the  enemy  ran. 
They  brought  a  fieldpiece  to  fire  on  us  with  grapeshot,  but  our 
Monmouth  men  stood  firm  until  their  anmnmiiion  was  nearly 
exhausted  and  tlie  enemy  advancing  round  our  right   flank. 


The  N'B^v  Brunszvick  of  Over  a  Century  Ago  35 


jr  Gen.   Forman  then  ordered  us  to  retreat,  which  we  did  in 

r  pretty  good  order,  until  our  Continental  troops  broke  and  ran 

i  a  second  time,  and  their  running  through  our  men  broke  them 

I  entirely.     Our  Jersey  Brigade  suffered  yery  much  by  storming 

't  a  strong  stone  house  in  Germantown,  which  first  stopped  our 

I  progress,  and  I  believe  was  one  great  cause  of  breaking  our 

\  line  in  that  quarter. 

f  "I  have  seen  brother  John  Holmes,  Capt.  Mott,  Capt.  Pur-  w^ 

I  rows,  and  Bostwick,  and  most  of  our  Monmouth  officers,  who 

I  are  all  well,  since  the  battle.     Our  army  is  in  good  spirits,  ^', 

\  although  our  duty  has  been  very  severe.    The  night  before  the  ^ 


^ 
^ 
^ 


i  Battle  our  men  marched  all  night  and  had  very  little  sleep  the 

f  night  after.     Providence   seems  to  have  protected  our   Alon- 

t  mouth  Militia  in  a  particular  manner,  as  we  have  lost  very  few, 

i  if  any,  killed,  and  not  many   wounded,  although  the   Enemy  ^Y^ 

I  was  within  120  yards  of  us  in  the  hottest  of  the  fire,  and  their  ^^ 

I  fieldpiece  firing  on  us  with  grapeshot  great  part  of  the  time.     I 

I  have  escaped  without  being  hurt,  although  I  was  much  exposed 

I  to  enemy's  fire. 

i  '*From  your  ever  affectionate, 

^  "To  Mrs.  Sarah  Holmes.  ASHER  HOLMES." 

I 

i  x^  1^  «J*          Jf 

r 

I      THE  NEW  BRUNSWICK  OF  OVER  A  CENTURY 
I  AGO 

I  BY  JOHN   P.  WALL,   NEW  BRUNSWICK,   N.  J. 

I  The  city  of  New  Brunswick  was  long  the  depot  for  the  recep- 

I  tion  of  grain  from  the  counties  of  Warren,  Hunterdon,  Sus- 

I  sex,  Somerset,  Northcumberland,  Pa.,  and  the  country  along  the 

I  upper  Delaware.    Large  Conestoga  wagons,  drawn  by  four  and 

I  six  horses  and  carrying  as  much  as  twenty-eight  barrels  of 

I  flour  each,  would  come  down  the  Amwell  and  the  river  roads. 

I  It  is  said  that  as  many  as  five  hundred  of  these  vehicles  would 

I  sometimes  come  down  the  valley  of  the  Raritan  in  a  single  day. 

I  The  Raritan  Landing  was  at  this  time  a  depot  where  many 

I  stopped  and  sold  the  grain  to  John  Pool  and  Michael  Ganish. 

I  Large  storehouses  at  this  time  occupied  the  immediate  neigh- 

1  borhood  and  received  the  grain  for  shipment  down  the  river. 

f  The  sloops  used  in  this  traffic  would  sail  up  the  river  and  take 

j  in  half  a  load  and  then  drop  down  to  the  city  during  the  high 


>< 


'S 


36  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

tide,  complete  their  cargoes  and  proceed  to  their  destination. 

It  is  said  that  during  the  year  1816  there  was  frost  occurring 
each  month  during  the  year,  and  that,  during  that  year,  Cor- 
nelius Vanderbilt  brought  shad  from  New  York  in  his  peri- 
auger  and  sold  them  for  eight  dollars  per  hundred. 

The  grain  business  of  New  Jersey  was  carried  on  largely 
in  New  Brunswick,  where  cash  was  paid  for  the  merchandise, 
as  distinguished  from  Newark  and  Philadelphia,  where  barter 
was  used. 

The  White  Hall  tavern  was  headquarters  for  news  for  these 
merchants,  where  they  would  congregate  to  get  the  one  New 
York  newspaper.  They  would  then  agree  among  themselves 
as  to  the  price  to  be  paid  for  grain  and  thus  make  the  market. 

Many  of  the  merchants  owned  one  or  more  vessels.  John 
Dennis,  whose  place  of  business  was  on  Little  Burnet  Street, 
had  the  "Cluster  Valle",  the  "May"  and  "Elizabeth",  and-  the 
"General  Lee."  The  wharf  of  the  latter  was  where  the  Rolfe 
Lumber  yard  now  stands.  Other  vessels  were  also  owned  in 
New  Brunswick  and  plied  between  this  and  other  ports  ;  in  1792 
a  boat  known  as  "Duy  Knick's  Boat";  in  1776  the  "Gernatia," 
owned  by  James  Richmond;  "The  Hope  for  Peace,"  indicating 
the  weariness  of  war,  of  which  Nicholas  Auten  w^as  master; 
the  "Independence,"  showing  the  unconquerable  patriotism  of 
the  times  ;  in  1784,  "The  Neptune,"  a  schooner,  Andrew  Brown 
master,  which  was  succeeded  by  the  "Poet  Moses  Guest." 

These  vessels  made  voyages  to  the  Bermudas,  Bahamas, 
Jamaica  and  Hispaniola  in  the  West  Indies;  also  to  Charles- 
ton, S.  C. ;  to  Wilmington,  Del.;  to  New  Bern,  N.  C. ;  to 
Savannah,  Ga. ;  to  Edentown,  N.  C. ;  to  Newport,  R.  I.,  and  to 
Sunbury,  Mass. 

In  1788  we  find  the  "Polly,"  Barnet  D.  KHne  owner;  in 
1796  the  "Catherine,"  a  sloop  of  forty-five  tons  burthen,  James 
Richardson  master  and  probably  owner ;  subsequently,  John 
Thompson  was  master,  and,  following  him,  Peter  Thompson. 
In  1797  "The  Sally,"  of  forty  tons  burthen,  John  Voorhees 
master,  and  "The  Maria,"  a  sloop  of  fifty  tons  burthen,  Simon 
Hillyer,  master.  David  Abeel  was  master  of  this  vessel  in  the 
year  1798;    during  this  year  was  also  the  "Ranger,"  a  sloop 


I  The  New  Brunswick  of  Over  a  Century  Ago  37 

t  of  thirty-four  tons  burthen,  Caleb  Anthony  master.     In  1799 

';  "The  Hannah,"  a  sloop  of  forty-five  tons,  John  Brush  master ; 

\  and  "The  EHza,"  a  sloop  of  fifty  nine  tons  burthen,  James 

I'  Richmond  master.    Also  a  sloop  named  the  "Lawrence,"  during 

|-  the  early  part  of  the  last  century,  which  was  so  large  that  she 

I  could  not  navigate  the  Raritan  above  the  city.    She  was  owned 

I  by  Peter  I.  Nevius,  and  wharfed  just  above  the  outlet  lock. 

I  Among  the  cargoes  shipped  from  New  Brunswick  were  some 

I  as  follows:    September  loth,  1798,  to  New  Bedford,  34  tons 

f;  of  iron  ore;  July  17th,  1799,  to  Boston,  1,800  bushels  of  grain, 

I  26  barrels  of  pork,  22  sides  of  leather;  August  20th,   1799, 

^  to  Wareham,  35  tons  iron  ore ;   also  50  tons  on  the  same  date, 

f  Ayers  &  Frelinghuysen  did  a  southern  business ;  sent  carriages 

I  South  and  brought  back  sweet  potatoes  and  other  products. 

^  The  vessels  varied  from  30  to  70  or  80  tons  burthen,  and  used 

^  lateral  boards  for  centre  boards. 

r  With  the  restoration  of  peace  came  a  revival  of  business  in 

■  the  year  1788,  and  a  consequent  great  increase  of  travel  between 

i  New  York  and  Philadelphia.     The  roads  were  in  wretched 

I  condition,   and   merchants   gladly   availed   themselves   of    any 

I  transit  by  water  as  less  tiresome  and  much  more  comfortable 

t  than  the  bolstered  wagons,  which  were  the  stage  coaches  of 

I  that  period.     Accordingly,  it  was  common  to  take  a  packet 

\  sailing  to  Elizabeth  Town  Point  or  to  Amboy. 

t  The  successful  application  of  steam  for  purposes  of  naviga- 

\  tion  was,  however,  in  a  short  time  to  entirely  revolutionize  the 

[  slower  methods   of  our   fathers.     Although   the   "Clermont," 

in  the  year  1807,  was  the  first  steamboat  to  navigate  the  w^aters 
of  the  Hudson,  it  was  reserved  for  the  "Bellona,"  upon  the 
waters  of  the  Raritan,  to  afford  occasion  for  one  of  the  most 
noted  legal  controversies  of  the  century.  The  State  of  New 
York  had  granted  to  Livingston  and  Fulton  the  exclusive  right 
of  steam  navigation.  Under  this  grant,  John  R.  and  Robert 
James  Livingston  had  purchased  the  right  of  navigating  the 
waters  of  the  Raritan  up  to  New  Brunswick.  They  accordingly 
built  a  boat  called  the  "Raritan,"  which  ran  between  New  York 
and  New  Brunswick  for  two  years  at  a  loss,  but  eventually 
proved  profitable.    In  the  mean  time,  Thomas  Gibbons,  during 


38  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

the  year  1818,  placed  upon  this  same  route  the  "Bellona,"  a 
steamer  of  one  hundred  and  sixteen  tons,  regularly  registered 
at  the  port  of  Perth  Amboy  for  the  coasting  trade  under  the 
United  States  law.  This  resulted  in  the  suit  of  Gibbons  against 
Livingston  for  damages  resulting  from  an  injunction  restrain- 
ing the  plaintiff  from  the  use  of  his  boat,  Livingston  claiming 
the  exclusive  right  of  steam  navigation,  and  Gibbons  denying 
said  right. 

This  important  suit  enlisted  the  powers  of  the  ablest  legal 
talent  of  the  period,  Mr.  R.  H.  Stockton  and  Ogden  being- 
employed  for  the  defendant  and  I\Ir.  Geo.  Wood  for  the  plain- 
tiff, the  presiding  Justices  being  Judges  Rossel  and  Ford,  with 
Chief  Justice  Kirkpatrick  presiding. 

After  the  most  elaborate  arguments,  involving  principles  of 
the  greatest  importance,  and  learned  and  exhaustive  opinions 
by  the  presiding  Justices,  judgment  was  rendered  for  the  plain- 
tiff (Rossel,  however,  dissenting),  thus  establishing  one  of  the 
most  important  principles  which  had  occupied  the  attention  of 
our  judiciary,  viz.,  the  right  of  comity  in  steam  navigation 
between  adjoining  States  under  the  Federal  Constitution. 

The  "Bellona"  was  a  small,  single-decked,  plainly-finished 
steamboat ;  her  cabin  accommodations  were  meagre,  being 
confined  to  a  small  saloon  abaft  the  wheel  on  the  main  deck. 
She  was  originally  operated  in  conjunction  with  the  steamboat 
"Nautilus,"  as  the   following  advertisement   indicates: 

"The  Vice  President's  steamboat  Nautilus  will  leave  New 
York  every  day  (Sunday  excepted)  from  White  Hall  wharf 
at  eleven  o'clock  A.  i\L  From  her  the  passengers  will  be 
received  without  delay  into  the  superior,  fast-sailing  boat  Bel- 
lona, Captain  Vanderbilt,  for  New  Brunswick;  from  thence 
in  post  chaises  to  Trenton  where  they  lodge,  and  arrive  next 
morning  at  ten  o'clock  in  Philadelphia  with  the  commodious 
and  fast-sailing  steamboat  Philadelphia,  Captain  Jenkins." 

The  transfer  of  the  passengers  at  the  New  York  end  was  at 
the  Kills.  This  boat,  with  her  companion,  the  "Thistle,"  which 
was  soon  put  upon  the  route,  formed  the  "Old  Union"  line  to 
Philadelphia.  Passengers  were  received  from  Elizabethtown 
Point  and  other  landings  of  the  Jersey  and  Staten  Island  shore 


I:  The  Nezv  Brunswick  of  Over  a  Century  Ago  39 

i' 

K  on  the  journeys  to  and  fro.     This  enterprising  company  did 

I  not,  however,  enjoy  the  full  profit  from  this  important  route 

I  for  the  "Citizens  Line"  soon  had  an  opposition  boat  called  the 

f  "Legislature,"  which  was  owned  in  New  Brunswick,  and  of 

'■■'  "which  Isaac  Fisher  was  Captain  and  his  brother,  Low  Fisher, 

the  pilot.     The  rivalry  of  the  competing  lines  was  most  active 

[  and  it  was  whilst  racing  with  the  "Thistle"  that  the  "Legisla- 

I  ture"  had  the  misfortune  to  explode  her  boiler,  by  which  acci- 

f.  dent  many  were  scalded  and  a  colored  boy  lost  his  life.    Many 

I  and  various  were  the  excitements  caused  by  the  rivalry  of  these 

I  boats.     The  inhabitants  turned  out  in  crowds  to  welcome  the 

I  arrival  of  the  coaches  with  their  living  freight ;    in  fact,  one 

*  spectator  says  that  the  cheering  and  enthusiasm  was  equal  to 

*  an  election. 

)  The  whole  region  of  Bordentown  and  Burlington  (which  at 

\  that  time  was  a  great  peach  growing  section)  sent  wagon  load 

■'  after  wagon   load  of  peaches   down  to  the  New   Brunswick 

]  wharf  in  bulk,  where  crowds  of  boys  and  men  would  sort  them 

■;  out  for  shipment  and  enjoy,  as  part  of  their  compensation,  a 

stomach  full  of  the  luscious  fruit. 
I  Soon  after  the  decision  in  the  famous  steamboat  case,  which 

\  was  rendered   in  the  year    1826,  the   Delaware   and   Raritan 

I  Canal,  which  had  been  talked  of  since  the  year  1804,  was  com- 

I  pleted,  viz.,  during  the  year  1833,  thus  greatly  stimulating  the 

i  shipment  of  products,  which  were  already  so  large  that  it  is 

!  said  that  the  annual  exportation  of  corn  reached  as  high  as 

I  300,000  bushels,  and  of  rye,  57,000  bushels.     During  the  year 

I  1830,  and  a  few  years  after,  the  enormous  sum  of  1,000,000 

bushels  of  grain  passed  down  our  river,  and  so  great  was  the 
!  magnitude  of  trade  that  the  Raritan  was  esteemed  as  one  of 

the  three  greatest  rivers  of  the  country  for  her  tonnage.    With 

this  increase  of  business  many  other  steamboats  were  called 

into  requisition. 


40  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

A  SLAVE  BILL  OF  SALE  OF  1724 

In  the  Proceedings  of  191 5  (Vol.  X,  Third  Series,  p.  11 1). 
there  was  printed  an  indenture  conveying  "a  certain  negro  or 
mulatto  wench"  in  the  year  1774.  This  Society  has  now  in 
possession  a  bill  of  sale  of  a  slave  of  1724,  fifty  years  earHer. 
While  the  instrument  was  not  made  in  New  Jersey,  but  on 
Long  Island,  two  of  the  parties  named  therein  shortly  after- 
ward removed  to  and  became  heads  of  large  families  in  this 
State.  The  following  is  the  instrument,  written  in  a  large, 
excellent  hand  and,  for  a  wonder  at  that  period,  in  correct  mod- 
ern spelling: 

"Know  all  men  by  these  Presents,  That  I,  Christopher  Cod- 
wise, of  the  Ferry  in  Kings  county  upon  Nassau  Island  in  the 
Province  of  New  York,  for  and  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of 
Thirty-eight  pounds,  current  money  of  the  Province  aforesaid, 
to  me  in  hand  paid  at  and  before  the  ensealing  and  delivery  of 
these  Presents,  by  Petrus  Stoothof  of  the  same  county,  island 
and  Province  aforesaid,  yeoman,  the  receipt  whereof  I  do 
acknowledge  and  myself  to  be  therewith  fully  satisfied  and  paid, 
and  thereof  and  every  part  thereof  do  hereby  acquit  and  dis- 
charge the  said  Petrus  Stoothof,  his  executors,  administrators 
and  assigns,  have  granted,  bargained  and  sold  and  by  these 
presents  do  fully,  clearly  and  absolutely  grant,  bargain  and 
sell  unto  the  said  Petrus  Stoothof  a  certain  negro  boy  called 
Port  Ryall,  to  have  and  to  hold  the  said  negro  slave  unto  him 
thesaid  Petrus  Stoothof,  or  his  executors,  administrators  and 
assigns  forever;  and  I,  the  said  Christopher  Codwise,  for 
myself,  my  executors,  administrators  and  assigns,  do  warrant 
and  defend  the  sale  of  the  above-named  negro  slave  against  all 
persons  whatsoever. 

"In  witness  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  seal 
this  fourth  day  of  January,  Annoq.  Domini,  172^)4. 

"Chpistopher  Codwise  [L.  S.]. 
"Sealed  and  delivered  in  the  presence  of 
"Coert  A.  Van  Voorhies 
"William  Van  Voorhies." 

Coert  Albertse  Van  Voorhies,  first  witness  to  the  will,  was 
born  about  1693  at  Flatlands  or  New  Utrecht,  L.  I.,  and  was 
the  son  of  Albert  Coerten  (as  he  signed  his  name),  b.  1716, 
and  Sara  Willemse  Cornel  of  the  places  above  named.  Albert's 
father,  Coert,  came  with  his  father,  Steven  Coert  (who  signed 


Correspoyidence  Relating  to  the  Morris  Family  41 

his  name  "Steven  Koerten")  from  "in  front  of  the  hamlet  of 
Hees,"  Holland — whence  the  family  name  became  Van  Voor- 
hees — in  1660,  and  Steven,  as  is  well  known,  was  the  common 
ancestor  of  the  Van  Voorhees,  Voorhees,  Voorhies,  etc.,  fam- 
ilies in  America.  This  Coert  Albertse,  who  witnessed  the 
slave  instrument,  removed  in  1726  to  Harlingen,  Somerset  co., 
N.  J.,  and  had  a  large  number  of  descendants  living  in  that 
county  up  to  a  recent  period.  The  other  witness,  William  Van 
Voorhies,  we  have  been  unable  to  identify. 

Petrus  Stoothof,  to  whom  the  slave  was  deeded,  was  a  broth- 
er-in-law of  Coert,  having  married  his  sister  Margaret.  He 
was  born  in  1700  at  Flatlands,  and  died  in  1727.  and  was  the 
grandson  of  Capt.  Elbert  Stoothof,  the  emigrant  of  1637  from 
Holland  and  common  ancestor  of  the  Stoothoff  (as  usually 
spelled)  family  in  this  country.  Petrus  also  removed  to  Som- 
erset county,  N.  J.,  previous  to  his  death.  Of  the  grantor  of 
the  deed,  Christopher  Codwise,  we  only  know  that  he  was  a 
business  man  of  affairs  at  the  Ferry  in  present  Brooklyn  dur- 
ing the  period  named. 

oe     «>t     js     je 

CORRESPONDENCE  RELATING  TO  THE  MORRIS 

FAMILY 

A  PREVIOUS  article  (Vol.  VI,  p.  loi),  concerned  Robert  Morris, 
Chief  Justice  of  New  Jersey  (i777-'79),  and  Judge  of  the  U.  S. 
District  Court  for  New  Jersey  (1790-1815)  ;  the  present  relates 
to  his  father,  Robert  Hunter  Alorris,  who  was  also  Chief  Jus- 
tice, from  173S  to  Jan.  27,  1764,  when  he  died,  and  who,  from 
Oct.,  1754,  to  August,  1756,  was  Lieut.  Governor  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Only  a  little  more  than  a  year  before  the  death  of  Robert 
Hunter  ]\Iorris,  an  assumed  relative,  one  Valentine  Morris, 
who  had  estates  near  Tintern,  England,  wrote  a  letter  from 
London  to  the  Chief  Justice,  presumably  called  out  by  knowl- 
edge of  the  death  of  Governor  Lewis  Morris,  Robert  Hunter's 
father.  This  letter  inquired  concerning  their  probable  rela- 
tionship.    The  Chief  Justice  replied  at  length.     The  original 


42  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

interesting  letter  from  London  and  a  draft  of  the  Chief  Jus- 
tice's more  interesting  reply  are  in  the  possession  of  an  official 
of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society,  and  are  given  below. 

It  may  be  noted  in  this  connection  that  old  historical  ac- 
counts of  the  Morris  family  disagree  on  various  facts,  but  the 
relationship  of  its  various  members,  so  many  of  whom  were 
influential  men  in  their  day  in  New  Jersey,  appear  to  be  at  last 
fully  and  correctly  given  in  Stillwell's  "Hist,  and  Gen.  Miscel- 
lany," 1916  (Vol.  IV.  pp.  14-70;  see  also  "Chart  of  the  De- 
scendants of  Lewis  Morris,"  published  by  Elizabeth  ^lorris 
Lefferts  in  1907,  and  Lee's  "Gen.  and  Mem.  Hist,  of  N.  J.,"  p. 
1536).^  It  is  also  to  be  said  that  few  families  in  this  State  were 
intermarried  with  so  many  other  noted  families,  such  as  those 
of  the  Duke  of  Aberdeen,  Gordon,  Van  Cortlandt,  Antill, 
White,  Graham,  Kearny,  Gouveneur,  Lawrence,  Randolph^ 
Rutherford,  Kean. 

The  letters  given  seem  to  add  some  facts  concerning  the 
Morris  family  not  hitherto  published,  although  it  is  apparent 
that  the  Chief  Justice  could  not  go  back  in  his  family  line 
beyond  his  grandfather,  Richard.  We  now  know  Richard 
Morris,  the  immigrant  from  England,  was  the  son  of  a  William 
Morris,  who  owned  the  estate  of  "Tintern"  in  England,  near 
to  Tintern  Castle.  (See  Stillwell's  and  also  Lee's  work,  ante). 

Letter  to  Hon.  Robert  Hunter  Morris 

"London,  Nov'br  the  8th,  1762. 
"Sir:  You  will,  perhaps,  be  much  surprised  at  the  being 
troubled  with  a  correspondence  from  one  you  hitherto  have 
never  seen  or  known,  but  your  surprise  will.  I  hope,  cease  and 
I  stand  acquitted  of  impertinence  in  writing  this,  when  I  in- 
form you  1  have  the  honor  of  being  related  to  you  and  that 
not  very  distantly.  I  am  the  only  son  of  Colonel  Valentine 
Morris,  of  the  Island  of  Antigua,  sometime  since  deceased, 
and  who,  some  time  before  he  died,  bought  an  estate  in  Mon- 
mouthshire, called  Piercefield.     Now  I  well  know  my  father's 

*As  late  as  1849,  more  than  a  hundred  years  after  the  death  of  Gov- 
ernor Lewis  Morris,  a  "Memoir"  of  him  appeared  in  the  Proceedings 
(First  Series,  Vol.  IV,  p.  19),  by  Rev.  Robert  Davidson,  D.  D.,  of  New 
Brunswick,  but  even  then  the  various  correct  facts  now  known,  some  of 
which  appear  in  the  following  letter  of  Chief  Justice  Morris  written  in 
^7(>3,  were  not  stated. — Editor. 


Correspondence  Relating  to  the  Morris  Family  43 

\ 

I  family  was  originally  of  Barbadoes,  from  which  Island  I  have 

I  always  understood  one  branch  of  the  family  separated  to  go 

;  to  North  America ;   from  which  branch,  I  apprehend,  and  have 

I  alwaysbeen  informed  you.  Sir,  are  descended;   the  other  went 

I  to  Antigua,  of  which  your  present  correspondent  is  the  imme- 

i  diate  descendant. 

1  "My  father's  death  during  my  minority,  and  my  early  attach- 

»  ment  to  a  rural  life,  has  hitherto  kept  me  much  in  ignorance 

I  of  my  own  relations,  and  of  very  many  anecdotes  relating  to 

I  my  own  family  that  I  not  only  think  would  be  very  amusing 

\  to  me  to  know  but  is  in  a  great  measure  incumbent  on  me.    It 

I  was  with  great  pleasure  that  I  had  lately  formed  an  acquaint- 

j  ance  with  my  cousin,  Colonel  iMorris,  now  lately  gone  to  the 

I  East  Indies,  to  return  I  hope  covered  with  laurels  and  enriched 

I  by  conquest.     On  my  asking  him  several  questions  relating  to 

i  not  only  the  family  of  the  Morris's,  but  also  to  where  their 

\  possessions  lay  before  the  troublesome  times  obliged  them  to 

•  quit  England,  although  I  received  some  information,  he  yet 

\  said  you.  Sir,  were  fully  acquainted  with  all  the  circumstances 

I  requisite  to  gratify  my  curiosity,  and  that  you  had  in  your 

r  custody  all  the  papers  that  could  elucidate  all  my  questions  of 

-  either  ctiriosity  or  real  utility,  together  with  the  original  grants 

to  certain  lands  in  Monmouthshire  on  which  a  ruined  Abbey, 
called  Tintern,  now  stands,  and  which  is  within  two  miles  of 
my  present  seat.  I  have  bought  almost  up  to  the  Abbey,  but 
the  site  of  the  Abbey  and  other  lands  belonging  to  it  are  now 
possessed  by  the  Duke  of  Beaufort's  family,  which,  not  only 
from  my  cousin's  discourse,  but  from  what  I  have  elsewhere 
learnt,  and  from  part  of  the  possessions  now  in  your  branch 
of  the  family  in  North  America  being  called  Tintern  at  this 
day,  I  have  great  reason  to  think  were  formerly  possessed' by 
our  ancestors;  and  I  would  gladly  know  how  those  lands 
changed  their  masters. 

"I  should  be  glad  to  know  also  whether  we  are  not  descended 
from  the  Col.  Morris,  who  so  gallantly  defended  Pontcfract 
Castle  against  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  whether  it  is  not  in  virtue 
of  that  action  my  cousin  Morris,  who  married  the  Dutchess  of 
Gordon,  gives  a  Castle  in  flames  as  his  crest,  instead  of  the 
old  family  crest,  the  lion  rampant.  If  it  is,  it  is  a  great  pity 
an  action  so  honourable  to  all  of  us  should  not  be  perpetuated 
m  a  proper,  authoritative  manner,  for,  on  my  enquiring  at  the 
Herald's  oftice  here,  they  said  (to  use  their  terms)  that  it  was 
now  only  a  crest  of  assumption,  without  a  legal  title  to  it,  as 
no  application  had  ever  been  made  for  leave  to  take  it,  which 
leave,  when  obtained  with  all  the  requisite  form,  would  have 
been  entered  properly  in  that  office;    and  that,  till  that  was 


44  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

done,  they  never  took  any  cognizance,  nor  admitted  of  the 
right'  of  taking  it.  An  application  of  this  sort  is  very  easily 
made,  and  on  the  allegations  appearing  at  all  founded  would 
be  immediately  granted,  and  then  the  family  right  to  that  crest, 
together  with  the  reasons  of  taking  it,  would  stand  on  record 
forever.  In  which  [matter],  or  in  any  other  application  in 
which  I  can  be  of  service  to  you.  Sir,  or  to  any  of  your  friends, 
I  shall  with  pleasure  obey  your  commands. 

"I  will  only  add  that  I  shall  think  myself  much  obliged  to 
you  to  transmit  to  me  all  the  intelligence  you  can  possess  of 
the  family,  together  with  its  pedigree,  and  copies  of  all  the 
memorandums  you  shall  think  will  be  agreeable,  together  with 
an  abstract  of  any  claim  your  family  may  have  on  any  lands  in 
England  (which  I  am  informed  you  have).  In  case  you  would 
wish  to  employ  me  in  taking  proper  opinions  on  those  abstracts, 
1  shall  with  great  pleasure  pay  to  your  order  in  London  the 
expenses  that  will  attend  it. 

"I  married  Mary  Mordaunt,  daughter  to  a  younger  brother 
of  the  Earl  of  Peterborough,  whose  achievements  in  Spain  are 
so  well  known  as  to  have  acquired  him  the  title  of  The  Great 
Earl  of  Peterborough.  By  her.  also,  I  am  related  to  the  Dutch- 
ess of  Gordon,  whose  first  husband's  mother,  notwithstanding 
the  disparity  of  years,  was  my  wife's  cousin-german;  which 
disparity  was  owing  to  one  of  the  brothers  marrying  very 
young,  immediately  having  children,  who  followed  their  fath- 
er's example  in  marrying  very  early,  and  the  others  not  marry- 
ing till  he  was  far  advanced  in  life,  and  his  son  doing  the  same. 
By  her  I  stand  related  to  an  infinite  number  of  people  of  the 
very  first  rank  in  these  three  Kingdoms,  many,  very  many  more 
than,  without  a  monitor  at  my  elbow,  I  should  be  able  to  recol- 
lect even  the  twentieth  part  of.  Should  you,  however,  be  desir- 
ous to  receive  any  further  particulars  of  these,  I  will  transmit 
them. 

"Col.  Morris,  before  he  quitted  England,  told  me  that  in 
1755  there  were  two  old  ladies  of  the  name  of  Morris  nearly 
related  to  us,  in  Wales,  with  whom  you.  Sir,  or  your  brother 
had  corresponded ;  he  could  not  give  me  the  particular  direc- 
tions to  them.  I  have,  therefore,  not  been  able  to  see  or  to 
write  to  them,  but  I  shall  be  glad  by  receiving  their  directions 
to  know  how  to  do  it.  He  also  promised  me  he  would  pave  the 
way  to  the  trouble  you  now  have,  by  acquainting  you  [that] 
you  would  be  wrote  to  by,  and  bespeaking  your  forgiveness 
of,  Sir, 

"Your  most  affectionate  kinsman  and  obliged  humble  ser- 
vant, 

"Val.  Morris. 


Correspondence  Relating  to  the  Morris  Family  45 

"P.  S. — Please  to  direct  to  me  at  Piercefield  near  Chepstow 
in  Monmouthshire." 

Draft  of  Reply  by  Hon.  Robert  Hunter  Morris 

[Not  dated,  but  probably  early  1763]. 
"Sir:     I  have  the  honor  of  yours  of  Nov.  the  8,  1762,  which 
gave  me  great  pleasure  and  was  long  expected,  as  the  Dutchess 
I  of  Gordon  mentioned  to  me  your  intention  of  writing,  and  a 

I  nephew  of  mine,  Mr.  Ashfield,  also  informed  me  that  you 

I  intended  me  that  favor. 

I  "That  we  are  related  and  not  very  distant,  I  have  the  great- 

!  est  reason  to  believe,  not  only  from  what  you  mention  but 

J  from  an  account  that  has  always  been  received  in  tlie  family, 

I  that   a   branch   of    it   went    from    Barbadoes    and    settled    in 

!  Antigua;    but  how  near  that  branch  was  to  those  that  came 

;  to  the  northward,  we  never  could  reduce  to  a  certainty,  for 

I  reasons  that  will  occur  to  you  in  the  course  of  this  letter,  which 

t  I  intend  as  the  best  history  I  can  collect  of  our  branch  of  the 

I  family. 

\  "Lewis  and  Richard  Morris,  the  latter  my  grandfather  and 

I  the  former  my  great-uncle,  were  brothers.     Lewis,  the  eldest, 

1  raised  and  commanded  a  Regiment  in  the  Parliamentary  ser- 

vice in  the  reign  of  Charles  the  First,  and  his  brother,  Richard, 
I  was  a  Captain  in  the  same  Regiment,  when  Cromwell  medi- 

j  tated  an  attack  upon  the  Spaniards  in  America.     He  sent  my 

great  uncle,  Col.  Lewis  Morris,  to  the  West  Indies  with  orders 
i  to  make  himself  acquainted  with  those  seas,  then  little   fre- 

I  quented  by  the  English — which  he  accordingly  did,  as  we  find 

i  by  some  fragments  of  a  journal  he  then  kept.     At  Barbadoes 

he  purchased  an  estate,  and  either  brought  his  brother,  Rich- 
ard, with  him,  or  he  came  to  him  afterwards,  with  his  wife, 
whose  maiden  name  was  Pole.  [She]  appears,  by  some  jewels 
of  value  which  she  left,  to  have  been  a  woman  of  fashion, 
but  from  whom  she  was  descended  we  are  totally  ignorant. 

"When  Cromwell  sent  Penn  and  Venables  to  attack  His- 
paniola,  he  sent  out  a  vacant  Regiment  for  Col.  Morris  and  a 
commission  to  him  to  command  it,  which  the  General  delivered 
at  Barbadoes,  where  the  fleet  was  ordered  to  rendezvous.  This 
appears  by  Admiral  Penn's  Journal,  now  in  the  hands  of  his 
grandson,  Thomas  Penn,  Proprietor  of  Pennsylvania.  This 
expedition  you  know  miscarried,  and  I  have  often  heard  my 
father  say  that  it  was  owing  to  their  not  pursuing  Oliver's 
orders,  which  were,  to  follow  the  advice  of  Col.  Morris  as  to 
the  place  of  landing. 


46  Proceedings  Nczv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

"After  the  Restoration  my  great-uncle  resolved  to  move  to 
North  America,  where  he  imagined  he  should  be  more  out  of 
the  notice  of  the  government,  as  this  country  was  then  but 
newly  settled.  To  that  end  he  sent  his  brother,  Richard,  be- 
fore him  to  New  York  with  directions  to  purchase  lands  for 
him.  Richard,  accordingly,  came  with  his  wife  and  Hved  for 
some  time  in  the  town  of  New  York,  which  had  been  sur- 
rendered by  the  Dutch  to  the  English  in  1664.  That  town  was 
then  very  small,  having  only  one  street,  in  which  my  grand- 
father, Richard  Morris,  then  lived,  which,  from  the  number 
of  pearls  which  his  wife  wore  in  her  dress,  was  then  and  is 
still  called  Pearl  street. 

"Some  time  after  his  arrival  at  New  York  my  father  [Gov. 
Lewis  jMorris]  was  born,  and,  about  six  months  afterward, 
both  his  father  and  mother  died  within  a  few  weeks  of  each 
other,  leaving  him  an  orphan  in  the  hands  of  servants  and 
strangers.  In  the  year  1673  the  Dutch  retook  New  York,  and 
such  part  of  my  father's  property  as  escaped  the  pillage  of 
their  soldiers  and  his  own  servants,  was  put  into  the  hands  of 
two  of  their  most  considerable  men,  who  were  appointed  his 
guardians  by  the  Dutch  government ;  but  nothing  of  conse- 
quence was  ever  recovered  from  them,  nor  did  he  ever  get  any 
books  or  papers  belonging  to  his  father.  Col.  Morris,  his  uncle, 
hearing  of  the  birth  of  his  nephew  and  death  of  his  brother 
and  sister,  as  soon  as  New  York  was  restored  to  the  English, 
sold  his  estate  in  Barbadoes  and  moved  to  North  America, 
where  he  purchased  several  tracts  of  land,  one  about  ten  miles 
from  New  York,  which,  after  his  own  name,  he  called  'Mor- 
risania' ;  the  other  in  a  part  of  New  Jersey,  to  which  he  gave 
the  name  of  'Monmouth  County,'  and  called  the  estate  he 
bought  'Tintern,'  as  we  have  always  understood  after  an 
estate  that  had  belonged,  or  did  then  belong,  to  him  or  his 
family  in  the  county  of  the  same  name  in  Wales,  but  by  the 
corruption  of  the  word  it  has  for  a  long  time  and  is  now  called 
Tinton.' 

"Col.  Morris,  when  he  grew  old,  some  little  time  before 
his  removal  to  North  America,  married  his  maid  servant. 
who  used  every  means  to  set  the  old  gentleman  against  his 
nephew,  that  she  and  her  poor  relations  might  share  his  for- 
tune, and,  though  she  did  not  entirely  succeed,  she  so  far  pre- 
vailed as  to  make  his  life  very  uneasy.  To  avoid  her  tyranny 
he  [the  nephew]  ran  away  from  his  uncle,  traveled  on  foot 
to  Virginia,  whence  he  went  to  Bermuda  and  so  to  Jamaica, 
where  he  staid  til!  his  uncle  learnt  where  he  was  and  sent  a 
vessel  for  him.  He  returned  time  enough  to  see  his  uncle  alive 
and  that  was  all,  for  he  died  about  a  week  after  his  arrival. 


[=  Correspondence  Relating  to  the  Morris  Fatnily  47 

having  been  ill  for  a  long  time  before.     During  his  illness  his 
wife  and  one  Bickley,  his  first  servant,  destroyed  every  paper 
',  that  could  give  the   least   insight   into  his   family   or  affairs, 

•:  expecting  to   divide  between   them  what   was   left,   and   had 

t  secreted  great  sums  of  money  and  many  other  valuable  ef- 

i  fects.      Upon   the    old   gentleman's    death   his    will    was    pro- 

I  duced,  by  which  he  devised  most  of  his  lands  and  all  his  per- 

I  sonal  estate  to  his  widow,  but  the  will  was  so  interlined  and 

I  carried  with  it  such  marks  of   fraud  that  the  Governor  and 

I  Council,  upon  a  full  examination,  declared  it  a  forgery,  and  my 

f  father,  then  but  19  years  of  age,  took  possession  of  his  uncle's 

I  estate  as  heir-at-law.     His  aunt  survived  her  husband  only 

I  eight  days,  and,  though  ray  father  collected  part  of  the  family 

5  plate  and  kept  all  the  negroes,  yet  he  could  never  recover  other 

?  parts  of  his  uncle's  personal  estate,  which  was  very  consider- 

I  able. 

I  "Bickley  from  a  servant  became  a  considerable  merchant, 

I  settled  at  Philadelphia  and  built  large  houses.     Col.  Morris, 

■;  being  stern  in  his  natural  temper  and  prejudiced  against  his 

.<  nephew,  kept  him  at  a  great  distance,  and  never  communicated 

i  anything  to  him  about  his  family,  and  what  Vv-as  among  his 

1  papers  as  to  that  matter  was  destroyed,  so  that  we  remain  very 

I  ignorant  of  the  source  from  whence  we  sprung.     What  we 

I  were  before  the  troubles  we  know  not,  nor  how  we  stand  con- 

I  nected  with  people  of  the  same  name  in  Britain. 

"That  Col.  Morris  was  not  of  mean  family  we  conclude 
from  some  of  his  letters  that  escaped,  from  the  respect  that 
was  paid  him  by  every  person  of  consequence  that  came  to 
America,  and,  above  all,  by  the  property  he  brought  with  him, 
the  things  of  value  that  belonged  to  him,  and  the  Port  in  which 
he  lived.  He  brought  with  him  from  Barbadoes  a  relation  of 
his  own  name,  Lewis  Morris,  and  others  by  the  name  of 
Weobley.  For  these  he  provided,  giving  to  Morris  an  estate 
about  ten  miles  from  this,  whose  descendants  are  now  very 
numerous,  living  on  small  farms  scattered  about  this  county. 
"My  father  married  very  young  to  Isabella,  the  daughter  of 
James  Graham,  Attorney-General  of  Boston  and  New  York, 
who  called  himself  a  relation  of  the  Marquis  of  Montrose  and 
was  sent  abroad  by  his  interest.  By  her  he  had  fifteen  chil- 
dren, of  which  I  am  the  youngest,  but  left  behind  him  at  his 
death  only  two  sons  and  five  daughters.  My  brother  died  last 
year,  leaving  four  sons  and  six  daughters  by  two  wives.  Those 
by  his  first  wile  are  all  grown  up  and  well  settled  in  the  world ; 
those  by  his  second  are  as  yet  children. 

"The  arms  we  now  bear  my  father  found  on  a  gold  seal  that 
belonged  to  his  uncle.    When  it  was  cut  and  how  long  it  had 


48  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

been  in  the  family  we  know  not,  nor  can  we  account  for  the 
quartering.  The  crest  is  also  upon  that  seal  on  many  pieces 
of  plate,  but  how  we  came  by  it  I  never  learnt.  I  imagine  not 
from  Col.  John  Morris,  that  defended  Pontefract  Castle,  for, 
the  castle  being  in  flames,  and  the  motto  ('tandem  vincitur') 
seems  to  allude  to  a  conquest  rather  than  a  defense.  Besides, 
I  should  think  the  seal  from  whence  it  is  taken  rather  older 
than  that  transaction. 

"My  great-uncle,  Lewis  Morris,  was  contemporary  with  that 
Col.  John  Morris,  and  could  not  therefore  be  descended  from 
him.  They  were  both  of  dilTerent  sides  in  the  dispute,  but 
might  notwithstanding  have  been  near  relations,  for  those 
unhappy  troubles  divided  families,  and  even  brothers  took  dif- 
ferent sides. 

"Our  family  have  always  understood  that  my  great-uncle 
had  relations.  We  have  always  understood  that  a  branch  of 
the  family  went  from  Barbadocs  to  Antigua,  but  how  nearly 
related  to  us  that  came  to  the  northward  was  never  reduced 
to  any  certainty.  The  reason  will  occur  to  you  upon  consider- 
ing the  conduct  of  my  great  uncle's  wife  and  servant  while  my 
father,  his  only  relation  known  in  this  part  of  America,  was 
at  Jamaica,  and  his  life  and  return  very  uncertain. 

"My  father  inherited  from  his  uncle  and  father  a  very  con- 
siderable estate  for  this  country,  which  in  the  course  of  a 
long  life  spent  in  the  service  of  the  Crown  and  with  great 
opportunity  of  augmenting  he  rather  lessened  than  increased. 
My  brother's  eldest  son,  whose  name  is  Lewis,  now  enjoys  the 
greatest  part  of  the  family  estate  called  Morrisania ;  the  other 
part  of  that  estate,  after  the  death  of  my  brother's  widow, 
goes  to  his  second  son,  Col.  Morris,  your  acquaintance.  The 
part  of  Tintern,  or  Tinton,  which  my  father  had  not  parted 
with  in  his  lifetime,  he  gave  to  me  and  my  present  habitation 
is  upon  it,  but,  the  situation  not  being  agreeable,  I  have  sold 
part  of  it  and  purchased  lands  in  other  parts  of  the  Province, 
and  intend  to  sell  the  remainder.  My  nephew  is  mistaken 
in  thinking  that  any  grants  or  papers  remain  in  the  family 
relating  to  Tintern.  There  are  indeed  numbers  of  deeds  and 
conveyances  for  lands  during  the  troubles,  but  these  I  have 
ever  looked  upon  as  given  for  the  maintenance  of  soldiers. 

"If  there  be  anything  in  this  part  of  America  in  which  I 
can  be  at  all  useful  to  you,  I  beg  you  will  command  me,  as  I 
shall  esteem  it  a  happiness  whenever  I  have  an  opportunity  of 
showing  you  how  nnich,  I  am.  Dear  Sir, 

"Your  afTectionate  kinsman  and  obedient  huniblt-  servant." 

[Unsigned  in  draft]. 


r 

I  A   Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  49 

I  A  YOUNG  MAN'S  JOURNAL  OF  1800-1813 

I  William  Johnson,  of  Newton,  born  June  7,  1779,  was  the 

I  son  of  Captain  Henry  Johnson,  an  officer  of  the  Revolutionary 

I  War.    The  latter  was  born  at  Readington,  Hunterdon  county, 

in  1737  and  died  at  Frankford,  Sussex  county,  in  1826.     His 

(  wife  was  Susannah  Hover.     He  had  six  sons  and  two  daugh- 

I  ters.     One  of  the  sons,  John,  was  the  grandfather  of  former 

I  Senator  WilHam  M.  Johnson,  of  Hackensack.     The  youngest 

I  of  the  sons   was  the  William  first  above  mentioned,  whose 

I  "Journal"  is  the  subject  of  this  article. 

I  William  Johnson   spent  his  early  days   in   Newton,   where 

I  his  father  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Presbyterian  church, 

1  and  an  elder  of  it  from  its  organization  until  his  death.     He 

I  was  as  a  young  man  full  of  life  and  activity,  and  also  versatility, 

\  with  a  special  tact  for  business  in  which  he  was  chiefly  suc- 

I        cessful  as  a  New  York  merchant  until  his  health  failed,  when 
j 

I  he  retired  to  a  farm  at  Lebanon,  Hunterdon  county,  where  he 
I  died  in  1828  at  the  age  of  forty-nine.  In  1809  he  was  con- 
j  cerned  in  the  lottery  which  related  to  a  part  of  the  present 
borough  of  Somerville  in  Somerset  county,  particulars  of  which 
may  be  found  in  the  "Somerset  Co.  Hist.  Quar.,"  (Vol.  IV,  p. 
87),  where,  also,  is  a  more  extended  account  of  his  life. 

On  June  7,  1800,  when  twenty-one  years  of  age,  he  began  to 
keep  a  "Journal,"  which  he  continued  until  February,  181 3. 
The  reference  in  it  to  persons  in  Sussex  and  other  counties  and 
in  New  York  City  are  very  numerous,  some  of  which  might  but 
much  of  which  would  not  now  interest  the  general  public. 
Lengthy  portions  from  it  are  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Wil- 
liam M.  Johnson,  by  whose  courtesy  we  are  permitted  to  make 
such  excerpts  as  would  fit  the  purpose  of  the  Proceedings. 

For  the  present  we  give  most  of  the  detailed  account  of  the 
author's  journey  to  New  Orleans  and  return,  occupying  from 
September  30,  1800,  to  July  19,  1801,  and  embracing  a  variety 
of  incidents  on  the  sea  on  the  return  journey,  which  add 
special  interest  to  the  story.  The  contrast  between  a  journey 
to  New  Orleans  in  1800  and  to-day  is  a  striking  one,  which 
every  reader  will  appreciate. 
4 


5©  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

In  order  to  get  to  Pittsburgh  from  Newton,  Mr.  Johnson 
purchased  a  bay  mare  for  $75,  and  then  the  diary  takes  up  the 
journey : 

The  Diary 

"1800,  Sept.  29. — Making  preparations  to  start  for  Pitts- 
burgh, at  which  place  I  expect  to  meet  brother  Sammy,  from 
thence  we  go  on  in  company  to  New  Orleans,  and  embark  from 
thence  to  New  York  or  Philadelphia,  by  sea.  This  day  got  my 
certificate  of  being  a  natural  American-born,  and  other  recom- 
mendations.   I  start  tomorrow  as  far  as  Johnsonburg. 

"30. — After  taking  leave  of  my  good  friends  and  kind  rela- 
tives in  Newton,  Sussex  county,  N.  J.,  I  started  3^  post  mer- 
idian for  Pittsburg,  Pa.  Called  at  my  father's,  who  gave  me 
very  salutary  advice  respecting  my  journey,  the  necessary 
steps  to  be  taken  through  life,  after  which  we  took  filial  and 
affecting  adieu.  Brother  John  came  on  with  me  as  far  as  Mr. 
Roy's,  where  we  dined.  Dr.  Hunt  then  accompanied  me  to 
Johnsonburg,  where  I  stayed  at  brother  Henry's,  (distance 
10  m.). 

"Oct.  I. — In  the  morning  started  from  Johnsonburg.  Brother 
Henry  came  with  me  as  far  as  Levi  Howell's.  Arrived  at 
Belvidere  at  12  o'clock  (26).^  Started  at  i  o'clock  and  crossed 
the  river  Delaware  and  bid  adieu  to  Jersey  for  about  one  year. 
I  am  somewhat  loath  to  part  with  my  native  State,  which  gave 
me  birth,  but  in  hopes  that  it  will  be  to  my  advantage,  I  there- 
fore let  Fates  have  their  ascendency  and  resign  to  them.  Rode 
through  a  German  settlement.  Some  very  fine  farms,  some  of 
which  were  entirely  clear  of  stone.  Arrived  at  Nazareth  at 
about  half  past  5  P.  M.  (40).  Nazareth  is  a  neat  little  village, 
having  about  30  houses,  the  streets  regular.  There  is  one  large 
public  building,  wherein  boys  are  taught  and  are  of  the  Mor- 
avian Society.     Entertainment  but  tolerable.     Stayed  all  night. 

"2. — At  half-past  6  started.  Rode  through  a  small  village, 
crossed  the  Lehigh.    Arrived  at  Allentown  10  A.  M.  (54). 

[He  then  proceeds  to  give  an  account  of  his  trip  day  by  day, 

'These  figures.^  frequently  so  occurring,  indicate  the  miles  travelled 
on  horseback. — Editor. 


r 

\  A   Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  51 

passing  through  Reading,  Lebanon,  Harrisburg,  Shippensburg, 

Bedford,  Greensburg,  etc.     He  usually  found  the  roads  bad, 

being  very  muddy  and  mountainous.     Arrived  at  Pittsburg  at 

half-past  six,  on  Tuesday,  9th  of  October,  having  gone  a  total 

i,  distance  of  338  miles.     Put  up  at  "Green  Tree,"  on  the  banks 

;  of  the  Monongahela  river,  corner  of  Market  street]. 

■•  "10. — This  morning  arose  quite  early,  in  order  to  inquire 

■  where  brother  Sammy  was.    Went  through  the  boarding  houses 

=■         and  at  last  got  information  that  he  was  at  my  uncle  Manuel 

Hover's,  about  25  miles  up  the  Monongahela  river.     At   10 

I         o'clock  started  to  see  him  and  crossed  the  river;    rode  on  as 

fast  as  possible  and  arrived  at  Squire  Hover's  at  sunset,  where 

I  found  brother  Sammy,  which  was  to  me  a  great  pleasure, 

not  having  seen  him  before  in  nearly  three  years.    After  a  long 

dish  of  conversation  went  to  bed  quite  contented. 

"11. — Stayed   all   day   at   my   uncle's.      My   horse,   I   must 
observe,  performed  the  journey  exceeding  w^ell  indeed,  being 
nearly  in  as  good  order  as  when  I  started. 
\  "12. — My  uncle  has  a  very  pleasantly  situated  and  hand- 

l  some  plantation  lying  on  the  bank  of  the  Monongahela.  It 
I  contains  nearly  300  acres,  half  of  which  is  river  flats.  It  is  in 
I  Followfield  Township,  Washington  county.  Saw  a  number  of 
I         my  acquaintances. 

I  "13. — Brother  Sammy  this  day  agreed  to  purchase  a  load  of 

•j  flour,  whiskey,  etc.  in  partnership,  and  go  to  New  Orleans 
I  with  it,  and  from  thence  take  Spanish  produce,  and  get  it 
I  freighted  to  New  York.  Contracted  with  John  Beedell  to  have 
I  our  boat  done  by  the  25th  inst,  calculated  to  carry  30  tons. 
I         Rode  to  Mr.  Kirkendell's  on  Peters  Creek.    Stayed  all  night. 

"14. — In  the  morning,  after  breakfast,  went  to  Nottingham 
Election.  Saw  numbers  who  have  wheat  and  whiskey  to  sell, 
but  purchased  none. 

"20. — Ezekiel  Hover  and  I  went  to  Black  Horse  Tavern. 

"21. — Brother   Sammy   and   I   concluded   the  bargain   with 

Samuel  Quimby  for  500  bushels  of  wheat  at  half-a-dollar  per 

bushel.     He  is  to  take  a  horse  for  $75.  and  residue  in  cash. 

[There  are  various  entries  of  purchase  of  wheat,  cider  and 


52  Proceedings  Neiv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

brandy  from  different  people,  and  arrangements  to  have  wheat 
ground]. 

"24. — Bro.  Sammy,  Ezekiel  Hover  and  I  went  squirrel  hunt- 
ing. 

"31. — I  went  again  to  see  if  our  boat  was  finished;  price  is 
$60. 

"Nov.  3. — Went  to  Thomas  Carson's  and  ordered  him  to  take 
the  50  barrels  of  apples  and  cider  that  Sammy  bought  of  him 
to  the  river.  Rode  to  Dixon's  mills  in  order  to  see  about  the 
manufacturing  of  the  wheat. 

"16. — According  to  my  intentions  I  yesterday  bought  of 
Wm.  Thomson  one  hogshead  of  whiskey  and  10  bbls.  of  apples. 
Owing  to  brother  Sammy's  being  called  to  Chillecothe,  I  find 
that  the  fatigues  I  have  to  encounter  to  see  the  loading  ready 
myself  is  very  severe.  Not  a  moment  of  my  time  have  I  to 
rest,  being  every  minute  on  foot.  I  also  find  it  will  be  very 
doubtful  whether  I  can  get  ready  time  enough  to  go  down  this 
fall,  owing  to  Mr.  Quimby  not  being  able  to  thresh  all  the 
wheat  in  time  enough  to  get  it  manufactured  by  the  time  the 
river  rises  or  before  the  river  freezes,  but,  if  exertions  on  my 
part  will  be  any  means  of  preventing  the  delay,  it  shall  not 
be  wanting. 

"17. — Went  up  to  Mr.  Quimby's  to  hurry  him  up  with  the 
wheat,  etc. 

"26. — Jos.  Hover  and  I  brought  down  10  barrels  of  apples  in 
a  boat. 

"Dec.  10 — From  the  present  prospect  of  the  weather,  the 
season  being  also  so  far  advanced,  there  is  little  probability  of  a 
fresh  before  the  river  freezes  up,  and  I  therefore  have  con- 
cluded to  give  up  my  idea  of  starting  for  New  Orleans  before 
Spring,  at  which  time  I  can  be  fully  ready,  have  all  the  wheat 
manufactured,  and  shall  then  escape  the  danger  of  being  frozen 
up  in  the  ice,  to  the  great  detriment  of  those  who  have  that 
circumstance  to  encounter.  Accordingly  I  have  this  day  hauled 
my  apples  and  cider  into  Uncle's  old  house,  and  covered  them 
well  up  for  the  winter. 

"i4- — Cousins  Sally  and  Caty,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Castor  and 
myself  took  a  sleigh  ride  to  Mr.  Wm.  Fenton's. 


A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  53 

"28. — This  day  rode  to  meeting  at  Followfield ;  a  crowded 
house.  The  people  in  this  Western  World  are  very  religious. 
At  Cross  Creek  congregation  sometime  since,  at  Sacrament, 
there  were  upwards  of  600  communicants,  and  at  Mingo  meet- 
ing-house, same  time,  there  were  upwards  of  400.  They  are 
chiefly  Presbyterians.  There  are  a  great  number  of  meeting- 
houses, and  pastors  to  each. 

31. —  [Describing  a  ball  which  he  had  attended  at  Williams- 
port  and  he  says:]  "The  company  consisted  of  16  couple  and 
the  music  could  not  be  surpassed.  The  ladies  were  beautiful 
and  elegantly  dressed.  At  6  the  ball  opened  under  the  direction 
of  three  managers.  They  had  all  been  to  dancing  school  and 
danced  elegantly.  At  10  partook  of  an  elegant  supper  served 
by  six  waiters,  after  which  a  number  of  songs  were  sung  and 
dancing  then  recommenced  and  continued  truly  pleasing  till 
four  o'clock.  Everything  that  promoted  the  wishes  of  the 
company  was  attended  to  by  the  managers.  At  4  the  dance 
concluded  and  all  went  home.  Unity  and  friendship  prevailed 
throughout  the  whole. 

"1801,  Jan.  I. — New  Year,  the  first  day  of  the  Nineteenth 
century,  January  ist,  1801. 

"25. — The  Alonongahela  begins  to  rise,  which  makes  me 
begin  to  think  of  being  ready  to  start  to  New  Orleans. 

"2S. — This  day  rode  in  company  with  a  gentleman  to  Tough- 
oighiny  river,  in  order  to  see  a  boy  by  the  name  of  Eli  Yarnall, 
whom  I  have  often  heard  of  as  a  boy  possessed  of  a  supernat- 
ural gift,  he  being  without  doubt  a  prognosticator  and  an  ex- 
pounder. He  is  now  between  the  age  of  13  and  14.  When  he 
was  but  5  years  old  he  told  of  things  that  had  happened  to  an  as- 
tonishing degree,  so  that  his  name  and  what  he  predicted,  was 
published  in  most  of  the  newspapers  in  the  U.  States.  The  first 
thing  of  the  kind  that  happened  him  was  at  the  age  last  men- 
tioned. His  father  being  on  a  journey,  and  passing  over  the 
Allegheny  mountains,  his  keg  of  whiskey  slipped  away  from 
him.  He  ran  to  catch  it  as  it  rolled — just  at  the  same  instant 
the  boy.  playing  by  his  mother  at  home,  laughed  out  heartily 
and  told  of  the  circumstances,  also  many  other  things  that  T 
will  not  insert  here.    People  go  from  almost  all  quarters  to  him 


54  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

for  different  purposes,  great  confidence  being  placed  in  what 
he  says.    The  purpose  for  which  I  went  to  see  him  was  to  ask 
him  some  questions  respecting  Bernard  Van  Deren,  who  left 
Philadelphia  last  Spring  with  a  quantity  of  money,  and,  after 
he  got  to  Easton  on  his  way  home,  he  was  never  heard  of, 
and  the  general  opinion  is  that  he  was  inurdered.     I  told  him 
that  there  had  a  friend  of  mine  left  Philadelphia  last  Spring 
who  had  never  been  heard  of  since  he  arrived  at  Easton.     He 
shut  his  eyes  about  half  a  minute  and  then  replied:   'He  was  a 
middle-size  man,  with  dark  hair  and  complexion.'    I  asked  him 
if  he  was  alive ;  he  answered  he  was  not.    I  then  asked  him  if 
he  died  a  natural  death ;   he  said  no.     I  asked  him  if  he  was 
murdered.     He  replied  that  after  he  left  a  town  he  crossed  a 
river,  and  after  he  traveled  awhile  he  stopped ;  then  he  went  on 
till  he  got  out  of  sight  of  the  house  where  he  stopped,  when  two 
men  met  him,  one  of  which  struck  him  with  a  club  and  knocked 
him  down  and  he  never  spoke  afterwards.     They  then  took 
him  into  the  woods  to  the  right-hand  of  the  road  a  good  ways 
and  killed  him  dead,  took  his  money  and  some  of  his  clothes, 
and  buried  him  by  the  side  of  a  log ;   threw  brush  and  leaves 
over  him.    They  then  went  down  the  river  together  and,  after 
travelling  a  while,  they  divided  the  money  took   from  Van 
Deren.    He  told  also  a  great  many  other  things  respecting  him 
which  I  shall  here  omit.     He  informed  me  that,  when  he  shut 
his  eyes,  he  applied  for  what  he  wanted  to  know,  which  was 
immediately  prefigured  to  him. 

"Feb.  8. — Started  with  two  hands  to  Red  Stone  for  my  boat. 
I  found  it  ready  and  took  it  to  Dixon's  Mill  and  put  in  my  flour 
at  that  place.  Started  for  my  other  loading;  got  as  far  as 
Mr.  Fry's,  where  I  stayed  all  night. 

"9. — By  day-break  I  had  my  brandy  and  cider  put  in  and 
started  on  as  far  as  my  uncle's,  and,  at  12  o'clock,  started  on 
and  v/ent  on  as  far  as  Williamsport,  where  I  loaded  the  whis- 
key and  fruit  at  that  place. 

"10. — At  day  break  I  started  on  and  stopped  at  Bentley's 
mill  for  my  flour,  after  which  I  put  out  and  got  as  far  as 
McKeesport,  distance  17  miles. 

[He  now  starts  on  his  trip  and  proceeds  to  give  an  elaborate 


A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  55 

description  of  Pittsburgh  and  the  adjacent  country.  His 
brother  "Sammy,"  who  was  at  Steubenville  at  that  time,  joined 
him,  and  they  proceeded  on  their  journey.  Detailed  descrip- 
tion is  given  of  each  day's  travel  and  of  the  places  along  the 
river.  He  arrived  at  Cincinnati  on  March  ist,  and  arrived 
at  Nachez  April  7th]. 

"Apl.  8. —  (Natchez),     This  morning  brother  Samni}'  and  I 
concluded  it  was  better  that  one  should  stay  here  awhile  in 
order  to  sell  the  whiskey  and  brandy,  and  the  other  should 
proceed  to  New  Orleans  with  the  flour,  there  being  such  vast 
quantities  of  flour  to  come  down  that  the  market  in  town  will 
be  glutted  before  we  could  do  our  business  and  get  down  to- 
gether.   Accordingly,  this  day  at  12  o'clock  started  on  with  the 
flour  and  passed  on  till  dusk,  at  w'hich  time  I  landed  on  the 
\        Mississippi  Territory  shore,  having  taken  four  hands  along." 
[Next  day  he  had  a  narrow  escape  from  having  his  boat  lost. 
[        He  gives  an  elaborate  account  of  the  affair]. 
I  "14. — Set  sail  this  morning  all  well  and  at  9  o'clock  A.  IM. 

v       we,  with  inexpressible  pleasure,  arrived  at  the  City  of  New 
i        Orleans  a  distance  from  Pittsburgh  of  2,120  miles.     Though 
1       not  taken  from  actual  measurement,  yet  it  will  not  be  found  to 
i       vary  very  materially,  from  the  true  distance.    New  Orleans  is 
I       a  large  and  beautiful  town,  containing  about  1,600  houses  and 
j       about  11,000  souls.     The  streets  are  narrow  but  regular;    the 
j       houses   have   principally  flat  roofs,   and   are   mostly   elegantly 
I       built.     The  whole  city  is  inclosed  in  either  w^alls  or  pickets,  at 
1       every  convenient  part  of  which  are  iron  gates  through  which 
I       all  persons  or  carriages  must  pass  to  go  in  or  out  of  town. 
I       Sentinels  are  kept  night  and  day  both  at  the  gates  and  at  every 
j       short  distance  on  the  walls  and  pickets.     A  garrison  is  con- 
j       tinually  kept  in  the  city  and  contains  three  regiments  of  Mexi- 
i      can  and  Havana  troops.     A  Governor  and  attendant  are  the 
■      principal  officers  of  justice  before  whom  all  causes  of  whatso- 
ever  nature   must   inevitably   come.      It   is   considerable   of    a 
maritime  town.     The  exports  are  cotton,  sugar,  rice,  indigo, 
hides,     skins,     furs,    etc.,    and     imports     mostly     articles     of 
European  manufacture.     The  town  lays  35  leagues  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  which  is  in  some  instances  difficult  to 


56  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

ascend.  The  tides  not  setting  up  any  distance  whatever  is  the 
principal  cause.  The  inhabitants  are  Spanish  and  French ; 
the  French  language  is  mostly  in  use,  though  there  are  a  num- 
ber of  Americans  in  town.  New  Orleans  is  the  seat  of  justice 
and  capital  of  Louisiana  Territory,  belonging  to  His  Catholic 
Majesty,  the  King  of  Spain. 

"15. — This  day  went  to  the  Custom  House  and  made  entry 
of  my  cargo,  and  am  to  have  permission  to  unload  and  sell 
tomorrow. 

"17. — Last  night  I  was  taken  severely  with  the  cholera  mor- 
bus, which  lasted  the  principal  part  of  the  night.  I  am  this  day 
in  consequence  quite  indisposed,  but  able  to  walk  about.  This 
evening  made  sale  of  my  flour,  to  very  good  advantage. 

"19. — This  day  went  to  church.  The  house  is  elegant,  orna- 
mented inside  with  a  variety  of  gods,  goddesses  and  saints,  etc. 
Likewise  an  elegant  altar  wath  rich  statues  and  vessels  of  gold 
and  silver,  the  whole  of  which  exhibited  a  beautiful  scene,  and, 
if  it  was  theatrical  instead  of  being  a  place  of  worship,  it  would 
be  truly  elegant ;  but  such  a  hypocritical  way  of  paying  rever- 
ence and  kneeling  to  a  pack  of  false  gods,  pictures,  etc.,  is  too 
much  even  for  savage  barbarity.  One  thing,  however,  made  the 
time  less  disagreeable ;  it  was  the  music.  In  the  morning  the  full 
set  of  organs  played,  and  in  the  afternoon  the  band  of  military 
music,  being  a  full  one,  was  far  preferable.  They  began  with 
the  President's  JNIarch,  played  Washington's  March,  and  sundry 
other  Spanish  ones,  and  dismissed  the  Catholics  with  a  horn- 
pipe. 

"20. — This  day  sold  the  boat  load  of  flour  that  Br.  Sammy 
and  I  purchased  of  Martin  Lincoln  on  our  passage  down  the 
Mississippi  and  made  a  tolerable  good  speck. 

"21. — The  boats  now  come  in  very  fast  and  the  price  of  flour 
begins  to  decrease. 

''22. — I  believe  the  boarding-houses  in  this  town  are  full  as 
good  as  any  in  the  United  States,  but  the  price  of  board  is 
high,  being  from  six  to  twelve  dollars  per  week. 

''2T,. — Arrived  at  this  Port  to-day,  the  ship  'Ocean,'  Capt. 
Harrison  of  New  York,  600  tons  burthen,  copper-bottomed. 
She  expects  to  take  a  cargo  of  flour  and  cotton  for  Charleston. 


A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  57 

"25. — Some  talk  in  town  that  the  'Ocean,'  of  New  York,  is 
an  English  ship  under  pretence  of  American  owners,  and  that 
she  will  be  detained  here  as  good  prize  to  the  Spaniards. 
"26. — Br.  Sammy  arrived  from  Natchez,  all  well. 
"^7- — There  being  no  vessels  in  town  that  will  sail  to  any 
port  of  the  United  States  within  some  time,  Br.  Sammy  and  I 
talk  something  of  purchasing  flour  again,  which  we  can  do  at 
a  much  cheaper  price  than  what  we  sold  at,  and  go  with  it 
to  some  of  the  West  Indies,  and  from  thence  take  passage  to 
New  York  or  Philadelphia,  and,  if  we  go  to  the  Havana,  or 
Cuba  Island,  we  can  in  all  probability  make  that  voyage  and 
be  as  soon  home  as  if  we  were  here  to  wait  the  sailing  of  some 
vessel  immediately  to  New  York  or  Philadelphia. 

"28 — We  finally  concluded  on  the  Havana  voyage,  and 
agreed  with  Capt.  Manwarring  of  the  ship  'Ocean,'  of  Portland, 
for  freight. 

"29.— Partly  agreed  with  a  man  for  300  barrels  of  flour; 
to  see  him  in  the  morning.  Br.  Sammy  went  up  the  coast  to 
see  how  flour  sells  there. 

"May  I.— Seven  vessels  arrived  at  this  port,  the  most  of 
which  want  to  purchase  flour.  One  is  the  ship  'Neptune,'  of 
Philadelphia,  Capt.  Hackquin,  and  wants  freight  for  New 
York.     Quite  indisposed. 

"2. — This  evening  took  an  oyster  supper,  when  13  of  us 
drank  27  bottles  of  long-cork  claret. 

"3.— I  found  the  long-cork  had  a  good  effect  on  me.  I  feel 
this  day  tolerable  well.  The  'Ocean'  takes  in  her  cargo  very 
fast,  but  I  expect  she  will  have  to  cease  a  while  for  the  holiday, 
during  which  no  work  can  be  done  here. 

"4-— Flour  begins  to  rise,  large  quantities  being  wanted  for 
exportation. 

"5-— Agreed  with  Capt.  Manwarring  to  pay  him  $3.25  per 
barrel  to  Havana,  and  that  we  have  cabin  passages  free,  we 
paying  or  finding  sea  stores;  to  sail  in  10  days. 
^  "8.— I  was  this  day  surprised  to  see  a  circumstance  of  rela- 
tionship take  place  between  a  Creole  and  his  nephew.  The 
Creole  was  a  Captain  in  His  Catholic  Majesty's  service,  and 
boarded  at  the  house  I  did;  his  name  was  McCabe;  an  impious. 


58  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

tyrannical  fellow.  His  nephew  resides  on  the  Coasts,  and  ihis 
day  unfortunately  happened  at  the  coffee-house,  where  Capt. 
McCabe  was  sitting  with  some  gentlemen  drinking  wine.  After 
he  saw  the  Captain  he  walked  to  him  and  said  :  'How  do  you 
do,  uncle?'  upon  which  the  enraged  Captain  ripped  out  some 
vile  execrations  at  him  for  calling  him  'uncle,'  and  stepping  to 
the  door,  ordered  two  of  the  guard  to  take  him  to  the  callaboos, 
where  he  actually  remained  some  days  only  for  calling  his 
relation  by  the  right  epithet.  He  was  not  dressed  so  very  well, 
yet,  notwithstanding,  I  think  he  had  nothing  in  his  manner  of 
behavior  or  address  that  was  a  dishonor  to  the  great  Capt. 
McCabe.  I  should  think  it  extremely  inhuman  if  either  of  my 
uncles  was  to  put  me  in  gaol  for  calling  him  by  that  name.  But 
away  with  monarchical  governments,  I  say. 

"10. — It  being  the  custom  of  the  place  to  have  dances  on 
Sunday  nights  during  a  great  part  of  the  year,  and  having  had 
an  invitation,  I  this  night,  in  company  with  a  number  of  gentle- 
men, had  a  curiosity  of  going  to  the  Ball.  At  8  o'clock  we  got 
there ;  I  will  only  say  that  the  room  was  elegant,  the  ladies  very 
beautiful,  the  music  good,  and  everything  that  could  render  the 
evening  amusing  and  agreeable  was  well  adapted. 

"11.  This  day  Br.  Sammy  and  I  got  orders  to  have  our  flour 
alongside,  which  we  did  and  commenced  putting  it  in ;  but  are 
fearful  that,  the  ship  being  already  so  full,  ours  will  not  go  in; 
and  this  we  cannot  blame  the  Capt.  for,  because  we  were  tlie 
last  that  contracted,  and,  although  he  expected  the  ship  would 
contain  ours  and  more  too,  exclusive  of  his  previous  engage- 
ments, yet  was  not  certain  and  mentioned  it  at  the  time. 

"12. — This  afternoon  we  found  our  flour  would  not  go  in, 
sure  enough.  Well,  what  are  we  to  do?  Part  is  nov/  in  the 
ship  and  part  on  shore.  We  at  last  concluded  that  it  would  be 
most  advisable  to  sell  again  that  which  the  ship  will  not  contain, 
for  which  cotton  can  be  obtained  at  a  low  price,  and  that  I, 
instead  of  going  to  Cuba  with  Br.  Sammy,  should  get  a  pas- 
sage and  freight  it  to  New  York  with  me,  and  let  Br.  Sammy 
go  on  with  that  now  in  the  ship  to  Havana,  and  from  thence 
to  New  York. 

"13. — Accordingly,  we  this  day  bartered  our  flour  for  cot- 


Some  Recent  New  Jersey  Books  59 

ton,  and  have  also  fortunately  obtained  freight  in  the  ship 
'Neptune,'  Capt.  Hacquin,  bound  in  about  12  days  for  New 
York ;  am  to  pay  him  $5.  per  hundred  for  cotton  and  $50  for 
passage  exclusive  of  sea  stores,  which  will  cost  me  as  much 
more. 

"14. — Tomorrow  the  'Ocean'  sets  sail,  and  as  the  Neptune 
will  be  here  yet  10  or  12  days,  I  have  concluded  to  get  all  ready 
and  go  in  the  'Ocean'  with  Br.  Sammy,  as  far  as  the  Balise,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  IMississippi,  and  there  stay  till  the  'Neptune,' 
in  which  I  go  to  New  York,  shall  come  down.  Accordingly, 
got  my  cotton  aboard  and  finished  custom  house  ceremonies, 
got  my  bills  of  lading  and  passport. 

"15. — This  morning  Br.  Sammy  and  I  went  on  board  the 
'Ocean,'  and  at  12  o'clock  set  sail.  After  getting  under  way 
Capt.  Manwarring  fired  a  Federal  salute,  after  which,  and  usual 
ceremonies,  we  went  into  the  cabin  and  drank  a  few  bottles  of 
long-cork  claret  wine,  accompanied  with  some  excellent  patri- 
otic toasts. 

"16. — Last  evening  the  'Ocean'  came  to  an  anchor  at  dark. 
Wind  arose  this  morning  and  she  again  set  sail.  Cast  anchor 
at  sunset. 

"17. — Set  sail  this  morning  and  came  to  Pluckamin  Fort, 
where  we  had  to  come  to  and  show  our  passports,  papers,  etc. 

"18. — Set  sail,  wind  fair,  and  at  2  o'clock  arrived  at  Fort 
Balise,  where  I  leave  the  ship  and  crew  in  order  to  wait  till  the 
'Neptune'  arrives.     Came  to  anchor,  all  well. 
[To  be  Continued]. 

SOME  RECENT  NEW  JERSEY  BOOKS 

The  accessions  to  our  Library  are  too  many  to  note  even  the 
new  books  on  New  Jersey  with  proper  critical  notices,  but  the 
following  1 92 1  works,  recently  added  to  the  collection,  seem  to 
deserve  special  notice : 

"In  the  Footsteps  of  Washington,  Pope's  Creek  to  Prince- 
ton," by  Albert  H.  Heusser,  of  Paterson,  while  on  an  old  subject 
so   far  as  Gen.  Washington  is  concerned,  is   so  handsomely 


6o  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

printed  and  well  illustrated,  and  contains  so  much  interesting 
matter  in  its  304  pages,  that  we  feel  it  is  a  book  to  be  prized. 
Many  New  Jersey  pictures  appear  in  the  volume.  It  is  a  pri- 
vately printed  work,  but  some  copies  are  to  be  had  of  the 
author,  for  $3.50.    A  second  volume  is  to  follow. 

"History  of  the  Press  in  Camden  County,"  by  Charles  S. 
Boyer,  is  an  informing  work  of  64  pages,  and  is  illustrated. 

"Geography  and  History  of  New  Jersey,"  by  Albert  B.  Mer- 
edith and  Vivian  P.  Hood,  published  by  Ginn  &  Co.,  Boston, 
the  well-known  school  book  publishers,  gives  just  such  funda- 
mental facts  about  our  State  as  every  advanced  scholar  in  our 
schools  should  know.  It  contains  1S4  pages  and  is  illustrated. 
Its  three  general  divisions  are.  Geography,  History  and  Civics. 

(^»        ^5*        ^*         t?* 

NECROLOGY  OF  MEMBERS 

Edward  W.  Barnes,  former  Mayor  of  Perth  Amboy,  died 
at  his  home  in  Brooklyn,  Aug.  24,  1921,  after  a  brief  illness.  He 
was  born  at  Summit  Hill,  Pa.,  Feb.  2,  184S.  Later,  his  parents 
removed  to  Rondout,  N.  Y.,  then  to  Perth  Amboy,  then  to  Tam- 
aqua,  Pa.  In  1864  he  went  to  Perth  Amboy  as  a  clerk;  later 
rapidly  advanced  in  positions  as  cashier,  etc.,  of  New  York  City 
firms  and  a  banking  establishment.  He  served  as  School  Com- 
missioner in  Perth  Amboy  i89i-'4,  and  in  the  la?t  named  year 
was  President  of  the  School  Board.  In  the  same  year  (1894) 
he  was  elected  Mayor  of  the  city.  He  was  for  37  years  an 
elder  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church,  and  long  Superinten- 
dent of  the  Sunday  School.  In  1908  he  removed  to  Brooklyn. 
In  1880  he  married  Miss  Idelette  L.  Hall  of  Metuchen,  who, 
with  five  children,  survive  him.  His  many  acts  of  beneficence 
will  long  be  remembered  in  Perth  Amboy.  He  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  in  191 1. 

Milton  Demarest,  of  Hackensack,  ex-Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  of  Bergen  county,  died  suddenly  of  heart 
failure  on  Oct  21,  1921.  He  had  been  in  his  office  in  usual 
health  the  preceding  day.    Judge  Demarest  was  born  at  Middle- 


Necrology  of  Members  6i 

town,  N.  Y.,  June  8,  1855.  His  parents  removed  to  New  York 
City  in  1856;  later  to  Nyack;  thence  to  Hackensack.  His  pri- 
mary education  was  at  Nyack;  afterward  at  the  Hackensack 
Academy.  At  Hackensack  he  learned  the  trade  of  upholsterer, 
at  the  same  time  devoting  his  evenings  to  the  study  of  the 
law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  of  New  Jersey  at  the  June 
Term,  1877,  and  became  counselor  three  years  later.  He  at 
first  practiced  with  his  brother-in-law,  the  late  Walter  Christie ; 
then  alone  until  1894,  when  the  firm  became  Demarest  & 
DeBaun.  Recently  the  firm  had  become  Demarest,  DeBaun 
&  Westervelt,  the  other  partners  being  Abram  DeBaun  and 
Warner  W.  Westervelt,  Jr. 

Judge  Dem.arest,  of  fine  private  character  and  an  excellent 
lawyer,  gave  the  public  many  years  of  useful  service.  He 
was  counsel  for  the  town  of  Hackensack  from  1897  to  1904. 
In  1 90S  he  became  Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  of  Bergen 
county,  serving  one  term.  For  fourteen  years  (1894-1908)  he 
was  a  member,  and  for  half  that  period  President,  of  the  Board 
of  Education  of  Hackensack.  He  was  an  active  member  of  the 
First  Reformed  church,  at  one  time  Superintendent  of  its  Sun- 
day School ;  was  a  member  of  the  Holland  Socieiy  of  New 
York  City,  and  (i905-'o6),  Vice-President  of  that  Society  for 
Bergen  county.  He  also  belonged  to  the  Masonic  and  Odd 
Fellows'  orders.  Pie  married  first,  Dec.  15,  1880,  Carrie  W., 
daughter  of  Jonathan  L.  and  Charlotte  (Beemer)  Christie; 
after  her  decease,  second,  Adeline,  widow  of  Walter  Christie, 
who  survives  him,  with  several  children  by  the  first  marriage. 
He  became  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  in 
1919. 

Dr.  Calvin  Noyes  Kendall,  late  Commissioner  of  Educa- 
tion for  New  Jersey,  died  on  Sept.  2,  1921,  at  Knoxboro, 
Oneida  county.  New  York,  to  which  place  he  had  gone  a  few 
weeks  before  his  death  to  visit  a  brother,  Edward  M.  Ken- 
dall. For  the  past  two  years  or  more  Dr.  Kendall  had  not  been 
well  although  he  kept  steadily  at  his  post,  and  in  consequence, 
in  February  last,  he  declined  to  serve  the  State  longer  under  a 


62  Proceedings  Neiv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

new  appointment  by  the  Governor.  His  death  was  caused  by 
Bright's  disease. 

Dr.  Kendall  was  born  at  Augusta,  N.  Y.,  February  8,  1858, 
the  son  of  Leonard  J.  and  Sarah  M.  Kendall.  He  received  his 
fundamental  education  in  the  public  schools  and  later  attended 
Hamilton  College,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1S82  with 
the  degree  of  A.  B.  For  three  years  after  leaving  college  he 
taught  in  private  schools  in  the  West  and  in  1885  became  prin- 
cipal of  the  High  School  in  Jackson,  Mich.  He  served  in  this 
capacity  for  a  year  and  then  resigned  to  become  Superintendent 
of  the  Jackson  schools,  a  position  he  held  four  years.  In  1890 
he  went  to  Saginaw,  Alich.,  where  he  was  Superintendent  of 
Schools  until  1892.  Then  he  left  educational  work  and  engaged 
for  three  years  in  business.  It  was  not,  however,  to  his  liking, 
and  in  1895  he  accepted  a  position  as  Superintendent  of  the 
Public  Schools  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  remained  in  this 
position  until  1900,  when  he  went  to  Indianapolis,  where  he 
became  Superintendent  of  Schools  and  a  member  of  the  Indi- 
ana State  Board  of  Education.  In  this  dual  capacity  he  served 
till  July,  191 1,  when  Governor  Wilson  otTered  him  the  office 
of  Commissioner  of  Education  for  New  Jersey  for  a  term  of 
five  years  at  $10,000  per  year.  Mr.  Kendall  accepted,  and 
became  the  successor  of  Charles  J.  Baxter.  He  was  reap- 
pointed for  five  years  by  Governor  Fielder  in  February,  1916. 

In  October,  191 1,  Dr.  Kendall  was  made  President  of  the 
New  Jersey  State  Museum  Commission,  and  a  year  later  was 
named  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Civic  Education  for 
1912  and  1913. 

As  School  Commissioner  of  New  Jersey  he  had  great  suc- 
cess. His  literary  and  intellectual  interests  were  varied,  and 
everything  of  a  public  nature  that  stood  for  betterment,  and 
for  a  finer  culture,  enlisted  his  sympathy.  He  emphasized  the 
need  of  more  training  schools  for  teachers;  favored  the  teach- 
ing of  elementary  agriculture  in  the  public  schools,  and  advo- 
cated making  use  of  farm  activities  for  this  purpose.  He  urged 
rural  school  uplift  and  better  practice  of  teaching  in  High 
Schools.  Pic  advocated  free  transportation  of  children  who 
lived  more  than  two  miles  away  to  and  from  school  and  a  law 
to  this  eflfect  was  enacted. 


Necrology  of  Members  63 

Dr.  Kendall  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M.  from 
Yale  in  1900  and  from  the  University  of  Michigan  in  1901. 
In  191 1  he  was  awarded  the  degree  of  Litt.  D.  by  Hamilton  and 
by  Rutgers  in  1912.  From  the  University  of  Maine  in  June, 
1920,  he  received  the  LL.  D.  degree  and  from  New  York  Uni- 
versity in  1913. 

In  February,  1920,  Dr.  Kendall  was  elected  President  of  the 
Department  of  Superintendence  of  the  National  Education 
Association.  In  this  capacity  there  devolved  upon  him  a  vast 
amount  of  work  in  arranging  the  program  of  this  most  impor- 
tant educational  convention  of  the  year.  In  May,  1920,  he  was 
made  a  Trustee  of  the  Grover  Cleveland  Birthplace  Memorial 
Association.  On  Feb.  2,  1921,  Dr.  "Kendall  sent  his  formal 
declination  of  reappointment  to  the  State  Commissionership  to 
Governor  Edwards,  pleading  ill  health  as  his  reason  for  not 
accepting  a  third  term. 

In  191 3  he  became  a  Life  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Histor- 
ical Society,  and  his  interest  in  the  Society  was  evidenced  by  an 
unusual  benefaction.  He  transfered  his  royalties  of  a  book,  of 
which  he  was  a  part  author,  wholly  to  the  Society,  which 
enjoyed  for  about  eight  years  a  considerable  income  from  this 
source.  The  book  was  "A  History  of  the  United  States  for 
Grammar  Schools,"  in  the  authorship  and  compiling  of  which 
the  late  Reuben  Gold  Thwaites,  Corresponding  Secretary  of 
the  Wisconsin  Historical  Society,  and  Dr.  Kendall,  collabor- 
ated. The  history  has  been  successful  and  stands  as  an  author- 
ity in  its  field.  In  1921  Dr.  Kendall  was  elected  an  Honor- 
ary member  of  the  Society.  After  Dr.  Kendall  had  declined 
reappointment  as  Commissioner  on  account  of  failing  health 
the  royalties  from  his  "History"  were  relinquished  by  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Society,  and  a  resolution  of  "deep 
concern"  over  his  illness,  etc.,  was  passed  (on  Mar.  7,  1921  ; 
see  Procekdings  for  April,  1921,  page  114). 

Dr.  Kendall  was  married  June  30,  1891,  to  Miss  Alia  Per- 
kins Field  of  Jackson,  Mich.,  who  died  in  December,  1918,  at 
Princeton,  aged  fifty- four.  For  a  few  months  Dr.  Kendall 
lived  in  Trenton,  but  soon  went  to  and  maintained  a  home  in 
Princeton.     The  Doctor  is  surviv^ed  by  his  son,  David  Wal- 


64  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  | 

bridge  Kendall,  now  eighteen,  who  is  studying  in  Princeton         1 
University.  j 

Camillus  G.  Kidder,  for  nearly  40  years  a  leading  citizen  j 
of  Orange,  died  at  his  New  York  residence  on  Oct.  20,  1921,  j 
after  a  ten  days'  illness  of  pneumonia.  Mr.  Kidder  was  born  j 
in  Baltimore  July  6,  1850,  and  was  graduated  from  Harvard  ] 
University  in  1872,  and  from  the  Harvard  Law  School  in  j 
1875.  He  was  admitted  to  the  New  York  Bar  in  1877,  and  was  i 
in  several  law  firms  as  a  partner,  though  residing  in  Orange.  > 

For  about  ten  years  past  he  served  on  the  Essex  County  Park         j 
Commission.     He  had  also  served  on  the  Orange  Board  of  ] 

Excise,  being  President  thereof  for  several  terms  and  where  he  j 

was  able  to  reduce  the  large  number  of  licensed  saloons.    From  | 

1890  to  1893  he  was  on  the  Orange  Board  of  Education;    he  \ 

was  also  on  the  Advisory  Board  of  the  Orange  Memorial  Hos-  I 

pital ;  a  trustee  of  the  Orange  Free  Library  and  a  director  of  ] 

the  Orange  National  Bank ;  an  organizer  of  the  former  Essex  j 

Co.  Electric  Light  &  Power  Co.,  and  its  counsel ;   also  a  mem-  j 

ber  of  various  important  clubs.     In  1885  he  was  a  founder  of  | 

All  Saints'  church  at  Orange  and  one  of  its  first  wardens.    "To  j 

his  many  other  qualities  he  added  a  grace  and  charm  in  public  \ 

speaking,  and  a  warm  and  genial  personality."     Besides  his  | 

wife  there  survived  a  daughter,   Mrs.   Eugene  Y.  Allen,   of  j 

Chestnut  Hill,  Pa.,  and  two  sons,  Jerome  F.,  headmaster  of 
Mohawk  School  for  Boys  and  Herrick  G.  F.  Kidder  of  Minne- 
apolis. He  became  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical 
Society  in  1920. 

Gen.  Alfred  Alexander  Woodhull,  of  Princeton-,  died  at 
that  place  Oct.  18,  1921,  in  his  85th  year,  after  a  long  illness. 
He  came  from  a  truly  patriotic  stock,  being  the  eighth  in 
descent  from  the  first  of  the  name  who  settled  in  this  country 
in  1648,  and  counting  among  his  direct  ancestors  President 
John  Witherspoon,  of  Princeton,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence.  He  was  ranked  with  the  late  Moses  Taylor 
Pyne  as  one  of  Princeton's  most  loyal  sons.  He  graduated 
under  President  MacLean  and  as  the  first  formal  class  secre- 


Necrology  of  Members  65 

tary  welcomed  at  every  step  the  advances  made  by  Princeton 
through  the  administrations  of  MacLean,  McCosh,  Patton, 
Wilson  and  Hibben  and  was  especially  proud  of  the  record  of 
Princeton  in  the  World  War.  His  parents  were  Dr.  Alfred  A. 
and  Anna  Maria  (Solomons)  Woodhull. 

General  Woodhull  was  born  in  Princeton,  April  13,   1837. 
He  received  his  early  education  at  Lawrenceville  Academy  and 
was  graduated  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  June,  1856. 
He  was  elected  class  secretary  and  held  this  office  until  his 
death.     After  Princeton,  he  took  up  the  study  of  medicine 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  received  his  degree  of 
M.  D.  in  March,  1859.    He  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from 
Princeton  in  June,  1859,  and  in  1894  was  awarded  the  honor- 
ary degree  of  LL.D.  by  his  alma  mater.     He  commenced  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  1859  at  Leavenworth,  Kansas.    When 
Fort  Sumpter  was  fired  on  by  the  Confederates  he  took  an 
active  part  in  raising  a  company  of  mounted  rifles  for  the  Kan- 
sas militia,  and  was  commissioned  a  Lieutenant.    In  the  fall  of 
1 861,  he  was  commissioned  a  medical  officer  in  the  regular 
army.    During  the  four-year  conflict  he  was  assistant  to  various 
medical  directors  and  was  Acting  Medical  Inspector  of  the 
Army  of  the  James  in  1864.    In  March,  1865,  he  was  brevetted 
Lieutenant-Colonel   for  his   faithful  and  meritorious  services 
during  the  war,  and  attained  the  actual  rank  in  1894.    He  was 
advanced  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier  General  on  the  retired  list  in 
1904.     He  was  a  member  of  the  Association  of  Military  Sur- 
geons of  the  United  States,  the  American  Public  Health  Asso- 
ciation, and  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion.    He  repre- 
sented the  United  States  Army  at  the  Seventh  International 
Congress  of  Hygiene  and  Demography  at  London,  1891  ;  was 
instructor  in  Military  Hygiene  at  the  Infantry  and  Cavalry 
school,  Fort  Leavenworth,   1886-1890,  and  was  commanding 
officer  of  the  Army  and  Navy  Hospital  at  Hot  Springs,  Ark., 
1892-1895.     He  was  also  Medical  Director  of  the  Department 
of  Colorado,  1895,  and  Chief  Surgeon  of  the  Department  of 
the  Pacific  (Philippines)  in  1899.     He  was  Gold  Medallist  of 
the  Military  Service  Institution  in  1885  and  Seaman  Prize  Es- 
savist  in  1907;  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the 
S 


66  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

New  Jersey  Geological  Survey  and  Vice-President  of  the  New 
Jersey  Society  of  Sons  of  the  Revolution.  He  was  also  the 
author  of  many  books  on  military  hygiene  and  military  medi- 
cine, as  well  as  of  various  patriotic  addresses.  He  married, 
Dec.  15,  1868,  Margaret,  daughter  of  Elias  Ellicott,  of  Balti- 
more, who  survives  him. 

Gen.  Woodhull  became  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Histor- 
ical Society  in  1912. 

Frederick  Halsey  Doremus,  son  of  the  late  Elias  Osborn 
Doremus  and  Harriet  Peck,  died  at  his  home,  3  Beekman 
Road,  Summit,  N.  J.,  July  4,  1921.  He  was  born  at  56  Wash- 
ington St.,  Orange,  and  lived  there  until  twelve  years  ago, 
when  he  removed  to  Summit.  He  began  business  life  with 
George  W.  Bassett,  crockery  importer,  49  Barclay  St.,  New 
York  City ;  subsequently  entered  the  firm  with  George  T.  Bas- 
sett and  Edward  F.  Anderson  as  his  partners ;  the  firm  later 
removed  to  72  Park  Place.  Mr.  Doremus  was  a  member  of 
various  New  York  City  Clubs,  also  of  the  Passaic  Chapter,  S. 
A.  R.,  and  the  Washington  Association  of  Morristown;  also  a 
former  trustee  of  the  Central  Presbyterian  Church  of  Summit. 
He  was  greatly  interested  in  historical  subjects.  Fie  married, 
April  24,  1895,  Marie  E.  Undershell,  of  East  Orange,  who, 
with  two  daughters,  Elizabeth  Underbill  and  Eleanor  Osborn, 
survive  him.  He  became  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Histor- 
ical Society  in  1907. 

Mrs.  Stephen  H.  Plum,  Sr.,  died  suddenly  at  her  summer 
home.  Long  Hill  road,  Millington,  N.  J.,  on  Sept.  loth,  1921. 
She  was  the  daughter  of  David  Coriell  Runyon  and  Lydia 
(Dodd)  Runyon  and  was  a  descendant  of  many  early  New 
Jersey  families.  Mr.  Plum  died  in  1906.  The  surviving  chil- 
dren are  Mrs.  Henry  G.  Atha,  Miss  Martha  J.  Plum  and 
Stephen  H.  Plum,  Jr.  Mrs.  Plum  had  been  a  Life  member  of 
the  Society  since  1896. 

Jerome  Taylor,  long  a  trust  oftker  of  the  Fidelity  Trust 
Company  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  died  Sept.  10,  1921,  at  his  summer 


'^  Historical  Notes  atid   Comments  67 

home  in  Chatham,  in  his  eighty-eighth  year.  Although  so  aged 
he  was  regularly  at  his  desk  in  the  office  of  the  company  until 
recently.  He  had  sound  business  judgment  and  his  opinion 
■.  of  the  value  of  securities  and  real  estate  was  highly  regarded. 
I  He  was  born  in  Danbury,  Conn.,  and  was  first  engaged  in  the 
I  hatting  industry.  Removing  to  Newark  more  than  half  a 
(  century  ago,  he  identified  himself  with  the  Fidelity  when  it 
I  was  organized  and  about  a  score  of  years  ago  became  its  Trust 
f  Officer.  Later  he  was  chosen  director  and  a  member  of  the 
\  finance  committee.  Mr.  Taylor  for  many  years  resided  at 
i  Broad  and  Chestnut  streets,  Newark.  He  is  survived  by  his 
I  wife  and  a  daughter,  Mrs.  C.  Edwin.  Young.  He  became  a  Life 
member  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  in  1885. 

Members  of  the  Society  are  urged  to  solicit  their  friends  to 
become  members.  The  Society  should  have  2,000  paying  mem- 
bers, so  that  it  may  increase  its  output  of  historical  matter. 
Send  proposed  names  to  the  Treasurer,  at  16  West  Park  St., 
Newark,  N.  J. 

^*  4?W  V?*  ^^ 

HISTORICAL  NOTES  AND  COMMENTS 

Famous  "No.  1,  Broadway"  and  Its  History 

In  November  last  the  new,  or  largely  new,  eleven-story 
building  erected  at  No.  i,  Broadway,  New  York  City,  was 
opened  as  the  home  of  the  International  Mercantile  Marine 
Company  and  with  various  person  therein  as  tenants.  The 
history  of  this  site  is  worthy  of  thought.  Chronologically  it  is 
as  follows : 

1626 — Peter  Minuit,  Director  General  of  the  Nieuw  Amster- 
dam settlement,  bargained  with  the  Indian  owners  of  Manhat- 
tan in  the  clearing  that  is  now  Bowling  Green,  and  bought  the 
island  for  $24.  The  scene  of  this  historic  transaction  lies  under 
the  windows  of  i  Broadway. 

1640 — Peter  Koeck,  a  Sergeant  in  the  Dutch  garrison,  built 
a  tavern  facing  the  Bowling  Green,  on  the  corner  of  the  Heere 
Street,   the   site   now   covered  by    i    Broadway,    (the   date    is 


68  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

approximate).  This  he  left  to  his  widow,  who  became  known 
as  Ann  Cox.  A  ship  Captain  of  the  period  wishing  to  report 
to  the  Governor,  found  that  official  according  to  an  old  record, 
"attending  a  wedding  at  the  Widow  Cox's,"  which  indicated 
that  the  quality  of  the  colony  frequented  the  tavern. 

1756 — The  site  of  i  Broadway,  having  been  owned  succes- 
sively by  Frederick  Phillipse  and  Abraham  de  Peyster,  mer- 
chants and  men  of  substance  in  New  York,  was  purchased  by 
Archibald  Kennedy,  a  Captain  in  the  Royal  Navy,  who  built 
thereon  a  spacious  mansion. 

1776 — Captain  Kennedy,  who  upheld  the  King,  having  with- 
drawn from  New  York,  his  hom.e  was  occupied  by  General 
Israel  Putnam,  of  the  American  Army.  Here  for  some  weeks 
General  George  Washington  came  frequently  from  his  head- 
quarters at  Richmond  Hill  to  confer  with  his  officers.  Later 
the  house  was  occupied  in  turn  by  Sir  William  Howe  and  Sir 
Henry  Clinton,  British  commanders.  It  was  from  this  house 
that  Major  Andre  wrote  the  letters  to  Benedict  Arnold  which 
preceded  the  American's  officer's  betrayal  of  his  trust  and 
Andre's  capture  and  execution. 

1783 — The  Kennedy  mansion  was  restored  to  its  owner,  who 
later  sold  it  to  Nathaniel  Prime,  one  of  New  York's  leading 
merchants  and  financiers,  one  of  whose  activities  was  in  financ- 
ing the  New  York  water  supply  company  organized  by  Aaron 
Burr  (Vice  President  of  the  United  States  1801-5). 

1794 — The  Kennedy  mansion  became  a  house  of  public  enter- 
tainment, known  as  the  Washington  Hotel.  As  such  at  one 
time  it  housed  Talleyrand,  Napoleon's  exiled  Minister.  (In 
its  later  years  the  old  mansion  was  converted  to  an  office  build- 
ing)- 

1882 — Cyrus  W.  Field,  famous  for  laying  the  Atlantic  cable, 
bought  No.  I  Broadway,  and  erected  on  the  site  a  12-story 
office  structure,  then  the  tallest  in  lower  New  York,  known  as 
the  Washington  Building. 

1919 — No.  I  Broadway  was  bought  by  the  International 
Mercantile  Marine  Company,  and  work  of  rebuilding  the  struc- 
ture began. 

1921 — The  rebuilding  of  the  structure  was  completed,  five 


[■  Historical  Notes  and  Comments  69 

^  floors  being  reserved  for  occupation  by  the  American  Line,  the 

'  Atlantic  Transport  Line,  the  Leyland  Line,  the  Panama-Pacific 

Line,  the  Red  Star  Line,  the  White  Star  Line  and  the  White 
i  Star-Dominion  Line,  the  constituent  Hnes  of  the  International 

I  Mercantile    Marine   Company,   whose   fleets,   aggregating    120 

I  vessels  of  1,300,000  tons,  ply  to  all  parts  of  the  world. 

I  The  Early  Codrington  Place  a  Public  Park 

I  So  far  as  known  the  first  house  built  in  Somerset  county  was 

t  at  present  Bound  Brook.    Thomas  Codrington,  an  Englishman, 

•  one  of  a  number  of  New  York  men  who  purchased  a  large 

;■  tract  of  the  Indians  in  1681,  located  on  877  acres  in  1683,  and 

i  built  a  house  on  it,  and,  with  additions  and  alterations,  the  house 

I  stood  till  1854,  when  Daniel  Talmage,  brother  to  the  famous 

I  Rev.  T.  DeWitt  Talmage,  D.  D.,  took  down  the  entire  building, 

and  gave  to  the  new  house  the  name  "The  Evergreens."     Re- 
cently it  was  also  known  as  the  La  Monte  homestead,  the  last 
I  owner  being  Miss  Caroline  B.  La  Monte,  one  of  the  leading 

I  and  most  useful  ladies  of  Bound  Brook.    During  the  past  Sura- 

I  mer  Miss  La  Monte  turned  over  "The  Evergreens"   for  the 

\  Episcopal  Diocese  of  New  Jersey  for  a  Home  for  the  Aged. 

j  Part  of   the   accompanying  land,   3^    acres,   owned   by   Mr. 

j  George  M.  La  Monte  (recent  Commissioner  of  Banking  and 

j  Insurance  of  this  State)  was,  later,  presented  to  the  borough 

]  of  Bound  Brook  for  a  public  park,  to  be  known  as  "Codring- 

1  ton  Park." 

! 

j  The  Name  of  von  Steuben 

I  If  there  is  any  German  name  of  which  Americans  may  well 

'  be  proud  it  is  that  of   Baron  von  Steuben,  who  came  over 

from  Germany  in  1777,  tendering  his  services,  just  as  did 
Lafayette,  to  Washington,  was  ranked  as  a  Major-General, 
reorganized  the  poorly  drilled  army,  served  at  Monmouth  and 
Yorktown,  wrote  a  manual  of  army  regulations,  died  in  I794 
and  lies  in  a  lonely  grave  in  the  State  of  New  York.  Some 
time  since  the  Board  of  Education  in  a  township  in  Bergen 
county,  this  State,  voted  to  name  a  new  school  building  after 
the  Baron,  largely  because  of  the  fact  that  in  that  locality  the 


70  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Federal  Government  had  presented  him  with  a  tract  of  land  on 
which  he  had  built  a  residence,  but  also  in  order  to  honor  a 
great  national  patriot.  Strenuous  objection  was  made,  but  a 
clear-headed  Board  overruled  it  and  the  honor  was  properly 
conferred.  Bryant,  in  his  "History  of  the  United  States" 
(Vol.  Ill,  p.  598),  says:  "Of  all  the  European  officers  who 
sought  service  under  the  new  Republic,  he  did  more  than  any 
other  in  aid  of  its  complete  establishment." 

The  Death  of  a  Pioneer  Suffragist 

In  the  Proceedings  of  1920  (Vol.  V,  New  Series,  p.  257) 
attention  was  called  to  Rev.  Antoinette  Brown  Blackwell,  D, 
D.,  and  something  said  of  her  great  age,  fine  character  and 
unusual  abilities.  This  learned  and  useful  lady  died  on  Novem- 
ber 5th  last,  at  the  home  of  her  daughter,  Mrs.  S.  T.  Jones, 
at  334  El  Mora  Ave.,  Elizabeth,  having  passed  her  96th  birth- 
day on  May  20,  1921.  She  is  believed  to  have  been,  at  the 
time  of  her  death,  the  oldest  woman  minister  in  America,  as 
she  was,  in  fact,  the  first  of  her  sex  to  be  ordained  in  this  coun- 
try. Her  whole  life  was  one  of  usefulness  in  the  causes  of 
Anti-Slavery,  Social  Hygiene,  Temperance  and  Philosophical 
Science,  aside  from  that  of  Woman  Suffrage,  of  which  she  was 
one  of  the  earliest  supporters.  Her  long  residence  in  New 
Jersey  conferred  an  honor  upon  the  State,  and  her  beautiful 
private  life  added  distinction  to  the  Womanhood  of  America. 

The  Origin  of  "Rip  Van  Winkle" 

In  our  issue  of  July  last  (p.  186)  we  printed  what  seemed 
to  be  the  real  origin  of  Irving's  character,  "Rip  Van  Winkle." 
A  correspondent  thought  the  fact  of  Irving's  residence  abroad 
in  1819  must  throw  doubt  upon  the  story.  He  wrote :  "In 
view  of  the  fact  that  Irving  went  to  England  in  181 5  and  did 
not  return  until  1832  I  am  a  little  inclined  to  think  that  the 
story  of  the  origin  of  the  title  is  not  an  actual  fact."  On  refer- 
ring this  letter  to  our  original  informant  in  Paterson  he  calls 
our  attention  to  the  fact  our  later  correspondent  doubtless  over- 
looked, that  the  book  referred  to  in  the  Proceedings'  note, 
"The  Sketch  Book  of  Goeffrey  Crayon,  Gent.,"  of  1819,  was- 


I  Historical  Notes  and  Comments  71 

i 

f  not  stated  to  be  the  first  appearance  of  the  Rip  Van  Winkle 

{  story,  but  the  pamphlet  once  seen  by  him  in  Mr.  Nelson's  hands 

i  was,  as  he  thinks,  an  earlier  one,  also  printed  by  Cornelius  S. 

I  Van  Winkle.     He  believes  the  first  publication  was  prior  to 

181 5.  In  this  connection  he  calls  our  attention  to  a  transpo- 
sition of  dates  in  our  July  note,  viz. :  Simeon  Van  Winkle  was 
"born  Apr.  4,  1752  and  not  Jan.  13,  1785;  the  latter  date  was 
the  birthdate  of  the  printer,  Cornelius  S.  Van  Winkle. 

Although  out  of  the  country  in  1819,  the  fact  was  that  Cor- 
nelius S.  Van  Winkle  published  "The  Sketch  Book"  contain- 
ing Rip's  story  that  year.  He  either  used  the  matter  as  one 
previously  in  type,  or  Irving  sent  the  MSS.  to  him  from 
Europe.  In  either  case  the  origin  of  "Rip"  could  readily  be  as 
Mr.  Van  Winkle,  of  Paterson,  stated.  If  he  did  not  get  the 
""Van  Winkle"  from  his  printer,  from  whom  else  was  it  likely 
to  have  been  obtained? 

A  Unique  Centennial  Celebration 

On  September  5,  1821,  the  Rev.  Gabriel  Ludlow  was  installed 
as  pastor  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  church  at  Neshanic,  this 
State.  On  Oct.  ist,  1921,  his  successor,  Rev.  John  Hart,  reared 
from  the  pastorate  of  the  church,  and  a  celebration  was  held 
to  commemorate  the  fact  that  two  ministers  only  had  had 
charge  there  for  one  hundred  years.  This  is  probably  the  only 
instance  of  the  kind  in  New  Jersey.  Another  notable  fact  in 
connection  with  the  stone  church  edifice  is  that  it  is  still  the 
original  building,  the  erection  of  which  was  begun  in  1753,  with 
a  slight  enlargement  since  at  the  pulpit  end. 

A  John  Woolman  Memorial  Association 

The  noted  John  Woolman,  a  Friend's  Missionary  preacher, 
who  was  born  at  Northampton,  Burlington  county,  in  1720, 
and  whose  reform  writings  on  Slavery,  Religion  and  other 
subjects  proved  him  to  be  one  of  the  finest  characters  Quaker- 
ism ever  produced  in  this  country,  had  a  home  at  99  French 
street,  Mt.  Holly,  which  has  been  purchased  by  the  above 
named  Association,  of  which  Mrs.  Francis  G.  Gummere,  of 
Haverford,  Pa.,  is  President.     The  intention  is  to  make  it  a 


'^2  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

permanent  memorial  of  the  man  and  his  character.  It  has 
already  spent  $5,300  upon  the  project,  and  is  endeavoring  to 
raise  $10,000  more  for  improvements.  The  object  is  most  com- 
mendable. 

New  Jersey  Scholar  Goes  to  Denmark 

Our  State  is  honored  by  the  President,  who  has  commis- 
sioned Prof.  John  Dyneley  Prince,  of  Ringwood  Manor,  Pas- 
saic county,  as  United  States  Minister  to  Denmark.  He  sailed 
on  November  ist.  Prof.  Prince  has  been  State  Senator  from 
Passaic  county  (i9io-'i3),  and,  for  a  time,  was  Acting-Gov- 
ernor ;  later  was  President  of  the  State  Civil  Service  Commis- 
sion (i9i7-'2i).  He  was  appointed  Professor  of  Sem.itic 
Languages  at  New  York  University  in  1893,  holding  the  post 
for  nine  years,  for  five  of  which  he  was  Dean  of  the  Graduate 
School.  In  1902  he  was  called  to  Columbia  as  Professor  of 
Semitic  Languages  in  co-operation  with  Professor  Richard  J. 
H.  Gottheil.  He  published  many  scientific  articles  on  the 
Sumerian  language  problem,  the  pre-Semitic  idiom  of  the 
Euphrates  valley  and  a  book  on  "Materials  for  a  Sumerian 
Lexicon"  which  has  attracted  the  attention  of  Oriental  scholars, 
everywhere.  He  also  published  a  "Commentary  on  the  Book  of 
Daniel"  which  discusses  at  length  the  Babylonian  connection  of 
the  Biblical  prophet  Daniel. 

When  the  Slavonic  Department  was  founded  at  Columbia  in 
1915  Professor  Prince  resigned  as  Professor  of  Semitic 
Languages  and  became  Professor  of  Slavonic  Languages  and 
head  of  the  department.  From  a  small  class  of  some  half  dozen 
students  in  Russian,  the  work  has  been  broadened  to  include 
the  Russian  language  and  literature,  Polish,  Czech,  Slovak, 
Serb,  and,  during  the  past  year,  Bulgarian.  The  average  enroll- 
ment is  between  200  and  300  students.  The  Slavonic  Depart- 
ment has  for  the  past  two  years  also  administered  Columbia's 
courses  in  Chinese  and  Japanese,  pending  the  organization  of 
this  work  in  separate  departments. 

Professor  Prince's  recreation  has  been  the  study  of  the  Eas- 
tern Algonquin  Indian  languages,  especially  the  Passamaquod- 
dy-Melicite  of  Maine  and  New  Brunswick,  Canada,  where  he 


Historical  Notes  and   Comments  73 

has  spent  many  Summers.  He  has  published  many  articles  in 
this  field,  as  well  as  a  grammar  and  texts  of  the  Passama- 
quoddy  tribe.  Professor  Prince  composed  the  music  usually 
sung  to  Kipling's  song,  "The  Road  to  Mandalay." 

The  Judge  Connolly  Article  on  Quit-Rents 

The  address  elsewhere  published  on  the  subject  of  quit- 
rents  in  East  New  Jersey  during  the  early  Colonial  period 
calls  attention  to  a  rather  new  phase  of  historic  causes  for  the 
American  Revolution,  so  far  as  our  State  is  concerned.  Other 
States  had  their  peculiar  differences  with  Great  Britain,  but 
Judge  Connolly  concludes  that  the  spirit  stirred  up  in  this 
State  by  the  quit-rent  matter,  lasting,  as  it  did,  for  so  long  a 
period,  embittered  the  people  of  the  State  to  an  extent  so  great 
that  it  must  be  considered  an  important  element '  as  affecting 
local  views  in  relation  to  over-the-seas  sovereignty ;  perhaps  as 
much  of  a  factor  as  the  much-spoken-of  vStamp  Act.  The 
thorough  discussion  upon  "The  Elizabethtown  Controversy,'* 
which  appeared  in  the  Proceedings  of  191 7  by  the  late  Chan- 
cellor Magie,  did  not  lay  stress  upon  the  quit-rent  subject  as 
tending  toward  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  nor  are  we  aware 
that  any  of  the  general  historians  mention  the  matter  as  a  con- 
tributary  cause  in  New  Jersey.  For  this  reason,  and  because 
it  gives  in  a  short  and  distinct  article  the  leading  facts  of  a 
peculiar  controversy  in  this  State,  we  give  space  to  the  writer's 
suggescion  as  "food  for  thought." 

Prmceton's  Great  Library 

As  is  well  known,  Princeton  University  has  now  one  of 
the  great  libraries  of  this  country,  numbering  some  435.000 
volumes.  This  requires  a  card  index  system  of  magnitude, 
and  such  a  system  is  being  thoroughly  revised  under  the 
direction  of  the  new  librarian,  Mr.  J.  T.  Gerould,  formerly 
librarian  of  the  University  of  Minnesota.  The  classitlcation  of 
this  huge  storehouse  by  subjects  and  by  authors'  names  has 
been  abandoned  for  the  dictionary  system. 

Under  this  latter  method  every  card  in  the  index  will  be  in 
strict  alphabetical  order,  whether  it  relates  to  a  topic  or  to  an 


74  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

author's  name,  and  all  such  cards  will  be  in  one  alphabetical 
arrangement  instead  of  in  two,  as  at  present.  Thus,  under  the 
title,  "Milton,  John,"  will  be  found  not  only  all  the  works  by 
that  poet,  but  also  all  books  and  articles  dealing  with  his  life  or 
writings.  Those  volimies,  which  are  critical  studies  of  a  par- 
ticular subject  or  author,  are  indicated  by  a  special  red  band 
at  the  top. 

The  installation  of  this  dictionary  system,  for  which  many 
more  card-index  cases  have  had  to  be  procured,  is  but  one 
feature  of  the  policy  of  the  new  librarian.  In  an  effort  to  con- 
vert the  place  from  a  musty  volume-container  to  a  center  of 
pleasure,  as  well  as  of  profit,  books  "for  the  specialist"  have 
been  taken  out  of  the  general  reading  room  in  the  Chancellor 
Green  Library  and  relegated  to  the  stacks  in  the  Pyne  Library. 
In  their  place  have  been  put  books  of  general  reference  and 
of  widespread  appeal.  A  section  is  being  built  up  in  one  part 
of  the  Chancellor  Green  reading  room  where  the  latest  volumes 
of  fiction,  essays,  poems  and  drama  will  be  kept,  and  special 
groups  for  suggested  reading  will  be  formed.  Books  on  sub- 
jects of  current  importance  will  be  placed  on  that  stack  as  a 
guide  to  intelligent  reading. 

(^5*         (,5*         ^*         (^^ 

QUERIES   AND   MISCELLANY 

KiRKPATRiCKS  OF  SCOTLAND. — The  New  Jersey  line  of  Kirk- 
patricks  has  been  quite  fully  published,  including  their  assumed 
descent  from  Alfred  the  Great,  although  the  accounts  of  their 
Scottish  ancestry  do  not  fully  agree.  •  (See  Browning's  ''Amer- 
icans of  Royal  Descent,"  Pedigree  134;  Lee's  "Gen.  and  Mem. 
Hist,  of  N.  J.,"  p.  458;  "Som.  Co.  Hist.  Quar.,"  Vol.  V,  p. 
171  ;  Ibid,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  268).  We  still  have  some  inquiries 
from  Western  descendants  about  the  family  in  Scotland.  Cer- 
tainly Closeburn,  in  Dumfrieshire  (originally  spelled  Klyose- 
bern)  was  the  ancient  seat  of  the  family,  which,  in  1232,  was 
granted  by  Royal  Charter  by  King  Alexander  III  to  Ivone  de 
Kyrkepatric.  The  ancestral  estate,  as  reported  in  1919,  con- 
sisted of  about  14,000  acres,  but  we  are  not  informed  if  the 


Queries  and  Miscellany  75 

original  grant  was  so  large  or  not.  In  that  year  it  was  adver- 
tised for  sale  by  its  then  owner,  W.  P.  Kirkpatrick.  The  pres- 
ent holder  of  the  Baronetcy,  (first  conferred  in  1685  by 
Charles  II.  upon  Sir  Thomas  Kirkpatrick),  is  Sir  Charles 
Sharpe  Kirkpatrick,  born  in  1874,  ninth  holder  of  that  order  of 
nobility,  a  resident  of  England.  He  was  once  in  America  as 
Captain  of  a  football  team.  A  present  four-year  old  nephew 
is  the  next  heir  to  the  family  honors.  A  recent  mention  of 
the  family  gives  this  interesting  notice  of  one  noted  member 
of  the  ''House  of  Kirkpatrick": 

"One  of  the  most  famous  members  of  the  House  of  Kirk- 
patrick of  Closeburn  was  that  Achilles  Kirkpatrick,  by  whom 
England's  supremacy  over  the  great  Indian  State  of  Hydera- 
bad was  largely  brought  about.  Achilles  Kirkpatrick  was  an 
English  Resident  and  Envoy  at  the  Court  of  Hyderabad,  but 
had  in  some  manner  incurred  the  wrath  of  Lord  Wellesley, 
at  that  time  Governor-General  of  India,  who  wanted  to  dismiss 
him.  Kirkpatrick,  however,  had  not  only  become  a  great  favor- 
ite of  the  Nizam,  or  ruler  of  the  State,  but  had  also  won  the 
heart  of  the  Nizam's  daughter,  and  the  result  was  that  the  Niz- 
am gave  Lord  Wellesley  to  understand  that  his  signature  to  the 
treaty  acknowledging  the  suzerainty  of  Great  Britain  was  con- 
ditional upon  Kirkpatrick's  retention  in  office  as  Resident,  his 
restoration  to  the  good  graces  of  the  Governor-General  and  the 
latter's  approval  of  Kirkpatrick's  marriage  to  the  Princess  of 
Hyderabad.  Kirkpatrick  still  lives  in  the  memory  of  the  people 
of  that  part  of  India  as  Hashmad  Jung,  which  means  'the  mag- 
nificent in  battle,'  and  of  his  union  with  the  Princess  was  born 
Carlyle's  famous  Kitty,  whom  the  Sage  of  Chelsea  described, 
it  may  be  remembered,  as  a  'strangely  complexioned  young 
lady,  with  soft  brown  eyes,  amiable,  graceful,  low  voiced, 
languidly  harmonious,  a  half  Begum ;  in  short,  an  interesting 
specimen  of  semi-Oriental  Englishwoman.' " 

John  Fenwick's  Arrival. — In  Mr.  Benedict's  article,  "New- 
Jersey  as  it  Appeared  to  Early  Observers,"  in  the  July,  1920, 
Proceedings,  spoke  of  John  Fenwick  (on  p.  154)  as  settling  in 
Salem,  this  State,  in  1673.     His  attention  being  called  to  the 


y6  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

matter,  he  writes  to  say  that  it  should  have  been  1675.  The 
previous  mention  of  Fenvvick  in  Edmundson's  "Journal"  (Ibid, 
p.  151)  should  have  stated  it  was  on  Edmundson's  second  visit, 
1675,  '6  or  '7.  The  best  sketch  of  Fenwick  published  in  this 
State  was  written  by  the  late  Judge  John  Clement  and  pub- 
lished in  1875,  being  a  remarkably  interesting  pamphlet  of  95 
pages. 

Graves  in  Churches. — As  is  well  known,  the  old  churches 
in  Europe  usually  have  graves  in  them,  generally  with  slabs 
stating  name,  dates,  etc.  The  feet  of  worshippers  pass  over 
them,  with  scarcely  a  thought  of  the  living  about  the  dead 
beneath.  Some  time  ago  an  inquiry  came  from  England  as 
to  whether  this  was  not  the  ancient  custom  in  New  Jersey, 
especially  in  Episcopal  churches.  Our  reply  was  in  the  neg- 
ative. If  any  of  our  readers  know  of  such  burials  in  this  State, 
as  a  custom  in  any  particular  church  building,  we  should  like 
to  be  apprised  of  it.  It  has  come  to  our  knowledge  that,  about 
191 3,  when  a  portion  of  the  basement  of  the  Presbyterian 
church  at  Basking  Ridge  was  being  excavated,  some  old  graves 
were  found,  but  we  judge  that  these  date  from  a  time  when  the 
first  church  erected  there  (perhaps  of  logs  and  about  1720) 
did  not  cover  the  portion  of  the  basement  so  excavated. 

Moore-Sm ALLEY.— "Have  you  any  records  of  John  Moore, 
one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Passaic  Valley?  His  daughter, 
Tabitha,  married  Jacob  Smalley,  a  Revolutionary  soldier  from 
Somerset  county."  G.  F.  R.  (Wilkes-Barre,  Pa.). 

[Jacob  Smalley  was  the  son  of  John  Smalley,  Jr.  Tobitha 
Moore,  dau.  of  John  Moore,  was  b.  1787;  d.  May  27,  1847. 
There  is  a  reference  to  Jacob  Smalley  as  a  soldier  in  the  last 
July  Proceedixgs,  (p.  176),  but  we  have  no  knowledge  of  John 
Moore,  except  that  he  lived  "near  Paterson." — Editor]. 

Drake  Family. — "Can  you  put  me  in  touch  with  some  mem- 
ber of  the  Drake  family,  who  is  interested  in  his  family  history? 


Queries  and  Miscellany  yy 

]\Iy  wife  descends  from  Elisha  Drake,  frequently  mentioned  in 
'Andrew  Johnston's  Journal/  i75o-'6o." 

F.  W.  A.   (Washington,  D.  C). 
[The  best  informed  person  of  whom  we  know  on  the  Drake 
family  is  Wilbur  A.  Drake,  Plainfield,  N.  J. — Editor]. 

Allen-Wyckoff.— "John  Allen  and  Rachel  Wyckoff  were 
married  in  New  Jersey  in  i78o-'90,  I  think.  They  came  to 
Dearborn  co.,  Indiana  Territory,  about  1800,  and  bought  large 
tracts  of  land  from  the  Government;  laid  out  the  town  of 
Harrison;  then  came  to  Daviess  co.,  Dec,  1816.  Can  I  trace 
their  families  in  New  Jersey?"        H.  A.  (Washington,  Ind.). 

Albertson  Family. — A  genealogy  of  this  family  is  being 
prepared  by  George  F.  R.  Albertson,  of  Hillsdale,  N.  J. 

Breese. — "I  desire  to  know  the  name  of  the  father  of 
Euphemia  Breese,  who  married  Francis  Pullin  in  Middlesex 
CO.  in  1799;  also  the  father  of  Francis  Pullin." 

C.  L.  B.  (Washington,  D.  C.). 

[Euphemia  was  the  daughter  of  James  Breese,  who  died 
in  February,  1809,  and  left  a  will  in  Middlesex  co.  Cannot 
reply  as  to  Pullin. — Editor]. 

Patersox. — "Has  your  Society  any  data  on  William  Pater- 
son,  who  helped  draft  the  U.  S.  Constitution?  My  grandfather, 
George  Patterson,  was  a  lineal  descendant.  He  was  b.  Aug. 
8,  1807  and  d.  June  8,  1857."      D.  M.  B.  (Chadron,  Neb.). 

[Clearly  a  mistake.  Governor  Paterson  had  but  one  son, 
William  Bell  Paterson,  and  he  had  only  three  sons,  none  of 
whom  were  George.  See  "Somerset  Co.  Hist.  Quar.,  Vol.  I, 
p.  253,  note. — Editor]. 

Bebout.— "Wanted,  dates  of  John  Bebout,  Revolutionary 
soldier  i775-'78  and  who  was  in  the  Battle  on  Long  Island. 
Was  he  the  father  of  Benjamin  Bebout,  b.  Dec.  4,  1758;  d. 
Nov.  8,  185S;  m.,  Dec.  7,  1784,  Hannah  Mortlett  (or  Mor- 
P^iett)."  L.  N.  K.  (Morocco,  Ind.). 


78  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

[John  Bebout  was  a  resident  of  Vealtown  (Bernardsville) 
in  Revolutionary  times,  said  to  have  gone  West  and  died  June 
I,  1788.    No  other  facts  available. — Editor]. 

Clark. — "I  wish  data  concerning  Thomas  Clark,  a  Revolu- 
tionary soldier  from  Essex  county.  The  Clark  tradition  is 
that  he  was  a  son  of  Abraham,  the  Signer.  Thomas  married 
Rebecca  Lyon  of  New  Jersey.  His  children  were:  Joseph, 
who  m.  Sarah,  (or  Barbara)  Smith;  William,  who  m.  Hannah 
Smith ;  James,  who  m.  Susan  Smith ;  Thomas,  who  m.  Annie 
Stout ;  John  Clark,  w^ho  m.  Sara  Hettield ;  Samuel,  who  m. 
Lyria  Straus  (parents  of  Benjamin  C,  of  Cincinnati)  ;  Abi- 
gail, who  m.  William  Stoner ;  Sarah,  who  m.  John  ]\IcGinnis ; 
Betsey,  w-ho  m.  John  Strawn ;  Mary,  who  m.  James ;  Thomas. 
(Not  in  order,  of  course).  Joseph  came  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
about  1800."  Mrs.  G.  M.  K.  (Chicago,  111.). 

[So  far  as  we  have  been  able  to  discover,  Thomas  Clark, 
named  above,  was  not  the  son  of  x'^braham  Clark,  the  Signer. 
One  of  our  best  genealogists,  C.  C.  Gardner,  who  has  given 
attention  to  the  various  Clark  lines,  suggests  he  was  probably 
the  son  of  a  Richard  and  Hannah  Clark  of  EHzabeth ;  at  all 
events  that  Abraham  Clark's  ten  children  were  the  following: 
I.  Aaron,  b.  about  1650;  m.  Susan  Winans  (dau.  of  Benjamin 
Winans),  and  removed  to  Ohio  about  1788.  He  had  several 
children  "and  was  the  only  child  of  Abraham  Clark  w-ho  left 
descendants  in  the  male  line."  2.  Thomas,  b.  about  1752; 
took  an  active  part  in  the  Revolution,  but  died  childless  May 
13'  1789-  3-  Abraham,  b.  1755 ;  d.  July  26,  1758.  4.  Hannah; 
m.  Capt.  Melvyn  Miller.  5.  Andrew ;  died  unm.  before  his 
father.  6.  Cavalier,  b.  i762-'3 ;  d.  Nov.  4,  1764.  7.  Sarah; 
ni.  1792,  Clarkson  Edgar.  8.  Elizabeth.  9.  Abigail ;  m.  Thom- 
as Salter.  10.  Abraham  (2nd),  b.  Oct.,  1767;  d.  July  28,  1854; 
m.  1791,  Lydia  Griffith;  had  one  ch.,  Eliza,  who  m.  Dr.  J.  P. 
Beekman.  (For  an  account  of  this  Dr.  Abraham,  see  "Pro- 
ceedings," 3rd  Series,  Vol.  lY,  p.  97). 

A  publication  by  E.  K.  Adams,  of  Cranford,  N.  J.,  1914, 
gives,  as  one  of  the  ten  children  of  Abraham,  the  Signer,  a 
Robert.    A  Pennsylvania  lady  has  joined  the  D.  A.  R.,  claiming 


Annual  Meeting  of  the  Society,  ip2i  79 

to  be  descended  from  Noah,  a  child  of  Abraham,  born  1763  and 
died  1847.  (D.  A.  R.  Lineage  Book,  Vol.  37,  No.  36,473).  For 
years  our  Society  has  had  inquiries  on  this  same  subject,  but, 
unless   otherwise   proven,    we   must    consider    Mr.    Gardner's 

■i       investigations  as  closing  the  matter  with  as  much  correctness  as 

\       records  show. — Editor]. 

':  Gamble. — "I  am  interested  in  the  record  of  the  late  Lieut.- 

I  Col.  John  M.  Gamble,  U.  S.  Marine  Corps,  who  figured  very 
I  conspicuously  in  the  War  of  1812.  In  the  'Navy  Register' 
I  of  1836  he  is  shown  as  a  citizen  of  New  Jersey.  Gamble 
served  with  Porter  when  the  latter  made  his  attack  upon  British 
whalers  in  the  South  Seas,  and  was  left  in  command  of  two 
officers  and  twenty  men  on  an  island  of  the  Marquisan  group, 
j  He  later  set  sail  in  a  prize  manned  by  a  slender  crew,  and  was 
captured  after  a  difficult  voyage,  in  the  vicinity  of  Hawaii,  by 
the  consort  of  the  British  vessel  that  forced  Porter  to  strike 
his  colors  off  South  America.  He  was  sent  as  a  prisoner  to  Rio 
de  Janeiro,  and  the  next  year  permitted  to  return  to  New  York. 
As  this  time  Gamble  was  a  ist  Lieutenant.  He  was  subse- 
quently brevetted  Major  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  for  gallantry, 
and  died  in  1836,  a  permanent  Major  of  Marines.  H  there 
be  any  portraits  or  sketches  of  Gamble,  or  if  any  direct  or  indi- 
rect descendants  live  to-day,  I  should  be  most  grateful  for 
information  concerning  their  whereabouts." 

Capt.  L.  E.  F.  (Quantico,  Va.). 

^*  t^  ^  f^ 

ANNUAL  MEETING  OF  THE  SOCIETY,  1921 


MINUTES  OF  THE  ANNUAL  MEETING  OF  THE  NEW  JER- 
SEY HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  AT  NEWARK,  N.  J., 
OCTOBER  26,  1921 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  convened 
at  12  o'clock  noon,  and  was  called  to  order  by  the  President,  Justice 
Francis  J.  Swayze.  The  invocation  was  offered  by  the  Right  Reverend 
Edwin  S.  Lines.  Bishop  of  the  Diocese  of  Newark. 

The  minutes  of  the  previous  meeting,  held  October  2y,  1920,  were 
read   and   approved. 


8o  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

The  report  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  was  read  by  Charles  M.  Lum, 
and  was  approved. 

The  President  appointed  a  Nominating  Committee  to  present  the 
names  of  trustees,  five  in  number,  to  serve  for  three  years.  The  Com- 
mittee consisted  of  Charles  M.  Lum,  Charles  S.  Boyer  and  Walter  F. 
Hayhurst.     The  Committee  was  granted  leave  to  retire. 

The  report  of  the  Corresponding  Secretary,  A.  Van  Doren  Honey- 
man  was  presented. 

The  Treasurer,  J.  Lawrence  Boggs,  presented  his  report,  previously 
found  correct  by  the  Auditing  Committee,  and   it  was  adopted. 

The  Library  Committee,  through  the  chairman,  Frederick  A.  Can- 
field,    reported. 

The  report  of  the  Membership  Committee  was  read  by  Chancellor 
Edwin  R.  Walker. 

The  report  of  the  Woman's  Branch  was  presented  by  the  President, 
Mrs.  Willard  W.   Cutler. 

At  this  time  the  Nominating  Committee  returned  and  reported  for 
nomination  the  following  persons  to  serve  as  trustees  for  three  years, 
succeeding  themselves :  Frederick  A.  Canfield,  William  S.  Disbrow, 
M.  D.,  Edwin  R.  Walker,  Philip  V.  R.  Van  Wyck,  and  Louis  Bam- 
berger. There  being  no  other  nominations  presented  the  Recording 
Secretary,  on  motion,  was  directed  to  cast  the  ballot  electing  the  above 
named  nominees,  and  the  President  declared  them  elected. 

The  meeting  then  took  a  recess  for  a  social  hour  of  refreshment 
and   friendliness. 

At  two  o'clock  the  Society  re-convened  and  listened  to  a  scholarly 
and  most  instructive  address  by  Dr.  Ernest  C.  Richardson,  Director 
of  the  Library  of  Princeton  University,  on  the  subject  of  "Local 
History  and  Library  Co-operation."  A  vote  of  thanks  was  given  Dr. 
Richardson. 

The  following  resolution  was  presented  by  Frederick  W.  Kelsey  and 
was    unanimously    adopted : 

"Whereas,  The  Conference  by  the  leading  world  powers  soon  to  be 
held  in  Washington,  has  for  its  object  the  reduction  of  national  arma- 
ments, thus  eliminating  one  of  the  principal  incentives  of  war  with 
the  corresponding  inception  and  enlargement  of  international  doubts, 
suspicious  and  other  causes  leading  directly  to  war;    and, 

"Whereas,  The  cordial  reception  already  given  the  disarmament 
plan  by  those  in  official  authority,  by  the  public  and  by  the  press,  both 
in  the  United  States  as  well  as  in  foreign  countries,  and  the  hearty 
reception  given  to  the  national  delegates  from  Japan,  Italy  and  other 
countries  that  have  arrived  for  the  Conference,  reflect  the  pop- 
ular desire  of  the  people  everywhere  for  the  settlement  by  mutual  agree- 
ment and  understanding  of  this  first  step  toward  a  further  binding  asso- 
ciation agreement  between  all  nations  toward  preventing  another  world 
holocaust ; 


'  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Society,  ig2i                  8i 

f  "Resolved,  That  this  Society,  at  this,  its  seventy-sixth  annual  meet- 

\  ing,  heartily  approves  the  plan  and  purpose  of  the  Conference  for  the 
limitation  of  armaments,  and  the  Secretary  is  hereby  requested  to  for- 
ward a  copy  of  this  preamble  and  resolution  to  each  of  the  four  United 

i  States    delegates    to   the   conference,    Hon.    Charles    E.    Hughes,    Hon. 

\  Elihu  Root,  Hon.  Oscar  Underwood  and  Hon.  H.  C.  Lodge." 

?  The  Society  also  passed  a  resolution  regarding  the  possible  demolition 

\  of  Fort  McHenry,  near  Baltimore,  requesting  the  proper  authorities  to 

\  prevent  the  destruction  of  an  historical  landmark  so  honored. 

j  The  meeting  adjourned. 

\  Joseph  F.  Folsom, 

I  Recording  Secretary. 


REPORT  OF  BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES 

The  Board  of  Trustees  would  report  that  generally  progress  has  been 
been  made  in  the  work  of  the  Society.  The  reports  of  the  several  com- 
mittees will  show  in  detail  the  progress  made.  It  will  be  shown  that 
in  membership  there  has  been  a  falling  off,  due  to  various  causes,  and 
a  recognition  of  this  fact  should  spur  the  members  of  the  Society  to 
more  zeal  in  interesting  the  people  of  New  Jersey  in  our  work  and 
securing  new  members.  Personal  work  serves  best  in  this  matter,  and 
a  missionary  spirit  will  do  great  things. 

Financially,  through  the  Marcus  L.  Ward  bequest  of  $20,000,  we 
have  gone  forward  during  the  year.  The  accessions  to  our  store  of 
historical  materials,  in  books,  documents  and  historical  relics,  have 
been  larger  than  in  any  of  the  recent  years  past.  The  Society  has 
ceased  to  be  a  depository  of  Government  publications,  and  this  will  save 
much  room  for  the  care  of  other  material.  As  the  Newark  Free 
Public  Library  is  a  depository  the  needs  of  the  locality,  in  the  field  of 
Government  documents,  are  well  served  by  that  institution  and  we  are 
relieved  for  other  work  more  related  to  our  purposes.  We  have  sent 
many  duplicates  of  these  documents  to  the  Public  Library,  covering 
the  period  previous  to  the  Library  becoming  a  depository.  This  is 
in  the  way  of  cooperation,  of  which  to-day  we  shall  hear  much,  and, 
quite  incidentally  and  appropriately,  it  might  be  added  that  Princeton 
University  Library  has  sent  us  files  of  the  Trenton  "Gazette"  and  the 
Newark  "Evening  News"  to  fill  the  spaces  in  our  collection. 

Much  matter,  yet  to  be  examined,  has  come  to  us  from  the  Marcus 
L.  Ward  estate,  and  there  is  evidently  here  a  valuable  mass  of  new 
local   material. 

The  Board  reports,  with  deep  regret,  the  death  of  one  of  its  members, 
Joseph  M.  Riker,  on  December  22,,  1920.  Board  resolutions  have 
stated  in  sympathetic  and  appreciative  words  the  high  regard  in  which 
he  was  held,  and  the  great  loss  the  Society  suffered  through  his  untimely 
death. 
6 


82  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

REPORT  OF  THE  CORRESPONDING  SECRETARY 

I  have  received  during  the  year  about  lOO  letters  and  v/ritten  about 
130.  As  a  matter  of  course  the  letters  received  have  included  the 
usual  number  of  genealogical  questions.  Some  of  these,  as  to  specific 
problems,  have  already  appeared  in  the  department  of  "Notes  and 
Queries"  in  the  Proceedings;  various  others  will  appear  in  the  Jan- 
uary number  and  need  not  be  noticed  in  this  report.  As  heretofore 
some  asked  for  all  the  children  and  sometimes  the  grandchildren  of 
Abraham  Hart,  the  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  a  1  - 
quest  neither  my  better-informed  predecessor  nor  myself  have  hitherto 
been  able  to  answer,  though,  I  think,  inquired  about  every  year.  One 
lady  was  especially  anxious  to  know  if  Thomas  Clark,  of  Essex  County, 
said  to  be  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  whose  wife  was  Rebecca  Lyon,  was 
of  that  family.  I  wish  this  Hart  family  could  really  be  cleared  up. 
The  January  Proceedings  will  note  some  believed-to-be  facts  con- 
cerning this   line. 

Another  question  which  I  suppose  could  be  readily  answered  con- 
cerned a  son  of  Governor  Livingston.  He  had  a  son,  William,  Jr.,  who 
was  for  a  time  during  the  Revolution  the  Governor's  secretary,  also 
Register  of  the  Court  of  Admiralty,  as  may  be  determined  by  his 
signature  of  documents  printed  in  our  "Archives;"  later,  in  1780,  be- 
came a  lawyer  in  Nev/  Jersey.  He  is  said  by  tradition  to  have  gone 
to  Schoharie  county,  New  York,  and  been  murdered  by  the  Indians.  In 
the  Governor's  main  will  this  sou  was  disinherited ;  but  in  a  later  codicil 
the  Governor  gave  to  trustees  one-seventh  of  his  estate  for  the  son's 
benefit  provided  he  mended  his  ways  in  a  year  from  a  date  therein  fixed. 
The  dates  of  his  birth  and  death,  whom  he  married,  etc.,  have  thus  far 
eluded  me.  In  all,  it  is  said  the  Governor  had  thirteen  children.  O.ne, 
we  know,  was  drowned  in  early  youth  near  Hackensack,  and  five  others 
died  previous  to  the  Governor's  death  in  1790.  One  son,  Henry 
Brockholst,  was  a  distinguished  lawyer  of  New  York  City  and  died  as  an 
Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  at  Washington 
in  1823. 

One  of  our  officers,  Mr.  H.  E.  Deats,  of  Flemington,  who  is  doing  a 
great  deal  historically  for  Hunterdon  county,  has  compiled  a  genealogy 
of  the  Bellis  Family,  which  he  describes  as  "an  essentially  Hunterdon 
Family." 

A  Weller  family,  the  head  of  which  came  from  Germany  in  1730 
and  settled  at  Amwell  in  Hunterdon  County,  has  been  written  up, 
with  descent  complete  for  several  generations,  by  Rev.  Dr.  Frederick 
D.  Viehe,  of  Binghamton,  N.  Y.,  and  awaits  publication  in  some  form 
or  other. 

At  intervals  from  1900  to  1902  the  late  Mr.  Nelson  prepared  and 
published  in  the  Proceedings  genealogical  articles  on  the  Van  Buskirk 
Family.      I  am  informed  by  Mr.   Mahlon  van   Booskirk,  a  lawyer  of 


Annual  Meeting  of  the  Society,  1^21  83 

Philadelphia,  who  had  assisted  Mr.  Nelson  somewhat  in  the  published 
articles,  that  he  has  completed  lines  beyond  the  first  and  second  gen- 
"^  erations  as  published.     As  the  present  policy  of  the  Proceedings  is  not 

if  to  include  long  genealogies  of  particular  families,  these  additions  will 

I  not  appear  therein,  but  this  matter  is  mentioned  for  the  benefit  of  those 

k  interested. 

i  An    English   correspondent   asked   to    have   the    record   of    the   Rev. 

"  Henry  Waddel,  who  was  a  clergyman  of  an  Episcopal  church  in  Tren- 

5  ton    and    died   there   January   20,    1811.     He    was    informed    that    M  . 

^  Waddel  was  pastor  of  Christ  church  at  Shrewsbury  from   1788  to   1799, 

\  although  in  1798  he  began  devoting  half  his  time  to  St.  Michael's  church, 

\  Trenton.     I  could  not  inform  him  of  the  place  and  date  of  his  birth. 

«  The  same  correspondent  desired  some   facts  respecting  Lieut.  Mar- 

j  shall   Davis,  Capt.  Thomas  Clark,  once  sheriff  of   Hunterdon  county, 

\  Capt.   Robert   Farmer   and    Lieut.    Lewis    .Stevens,   all   of   whom    were 

f  "surviving  officers   from  New  Jersey  in   Gooch's  American  Regiment, 

i  who  went  on  the  expedition  to  Carthagena   in   1740."     There  was   no 

I  trouble  about   Capt.  Robert  Farmer,  of   Perth  Amboy,  as  Whitehead 

I  gives  particulars  of  him,  and  I  stated  that  Lieut.  Lewis   Stevens  was 

I  probably  the  8th  child  of  the  John  Stevens  who  heads  the  well-known 

j  Stevens  family  of  Hoboken,  etc.,  Lewis  being  born  in  1720;    died  1772. 

I  His  brother,  Capt.  Campbell  Stevens  (i7i4-'7o)  was  a  captain  of  note  in 

\  the  Provincial  service. 

'  Through  a  newspaper  clipping  I  have  found  that  an  old  church  exists 

j  in  Delaware  Township,  Hunterdon  County,  dating  from  1733.     In  the 

j  only  complete   history  of   that  county,  by   Snell,   it   is  probably   there 

i  referred  to  (p.  380)  as  a  German  Baptist  (Dunker)  church,  and  is  there 

j  dated  "about  1750"     It  also  says  the  only  existing  church  records  date 

I  from  1835.     But  the  article  gives  a  full  list  of  the  pastors  since  1733, 

!  and  perhaps  the  older  church  records  have  been  found.     It  is  now  called 

I  "The  Amwell  Church  of  the  Brethren,"  and  is  located  near  Sergeants- 

i  ville.    Some  facts  respecting  this  very  old  church  will  be  published  later. 

One  of  the  interesting  letters  of  the  past  year  came  from  a  member 
of  the  Burnet  family  in  Athens,  Georgia,  the  Librarian  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Georgia,  Mr.  Duncan  Burnet.  He  had  not  seen  the  article  by 
the  Hon.  Thomas  T.  Kinney  in  our  Proceedings  for  1897,  nor  other 
references  to  the  family  by  Mr.  Nelson,  but  he  knows  of  some  import- 
ant new  facts,  and  has  promised  to  contribute  them  when  time  permits. 
Of  course  our  members  generally  have  observed  that  there  is  being 
published  in  our  Proceij)ings  extracts  from  a  lengthy  record,  kept  by 
Dr.  Lewis  Condict  about  90  years  ago,  of  testimony  from  Revolutionary 
soldiers  or  dependents,  giving  War  records.  These  state  incidents  and 
give  hundred  of  soldiers'  names  which  must  interest  many  descendants 
of  the  actors  in  that  conilict.  This  record  is  being  published  when  not 
crowded  out,  but  ought  to  be  finished  in  the  Proceedings  in  about  two 
years. 


84  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

On  being  advised,  last  Spring,  that  several  thousand  New  Jersey 
Revolutionary  pension  cases  (3,482  to  be  exact)  had  been  collected  and 
classified  in  the  Adjutant-General's  office  in  Trenton,  our  Board  un- 
dertook to  inquire  when  and  how  they  might  be  printed.  The  Ad- 
jutant-General stated  that  he  expected  to  publish  them  in  connection 
with  a  revision  of  Stryker's  "OtTicers  and  Alen  in  the  Revolution," 
within  a  brief  period  of  time — whatever  that  may  mean.  It  is  cer- 
tainly to  be  hoped  that  the  publication  will  not  be  too  long  delayed. 

As  is  well-knov/n  of  many  of  us  who  used  to  visit  the  New  Jersey 
State  Library  at  Trenton  in  years  long  past,  the  former  State  Librarian, 
Col.  Morris  Hamilton,  was  engaged  nearly  every  evening  for  years 
upon  a  "History  of  New  Jersey."  Some  of  us  have  wondered  since  his 
death,  in  1901,  just  what  progress  he  had  made  and  what  had  become 
of  his  manuscript.  I  recently  made  inquiry  about  it,  and  find  that  he 
had  completed  the  matter  for  Vol.  I  of  the  "History,"  and  Vol.  li 
was  only  partially  completed.  A  daughter,  Mrs.  Osborne,  residing  in 
Newark,  is  in  possession  of  the  MSS.,  and,  naturally,  desires  to  see 
Vol  I  published,  or  used  by  some  one  on  a  similar  New  Jersey  work. 

Mr.  C.  A.  Hoppin,  of  New  York  City,  has  been  anxious  to  ascertain 
the  whereabouts  of  the  marriage  records  and  the  death  records,  if  any 
exist,  of  the  Knowlton  First  German  and  English  Congregation 
Church,  the  baptisms  of  which  from  1766  were  published  in  the  Pro- 
ceedings of  1918  and  1919.  It  is  known  the  marriage  records  existed 
a  few  years  ago.  The  old  township  book  of  that  locality  was  recently 
found  in  a  barrel  in  a  storeroom  of  the  town  clerk.  Mr.  Hoppin,  who 
has  been  looking  for  certain  old  records  in  Warren,  Middlesex,  and 
Monmouth  counties,  advises  me  that  "the  most  perfectly  organized  and 
most  completely  indexed  and  cross-indexed  collection  of  county  rec- 
ords" he  "has  ever  seen  in  20  years'  experience"  is  that  completed  by 
Mr.  Harvey  S.  Hopkins,  Clerk  of  Sussex  County,  who  did  the  work 
voluntarily. 

This  subject  leads  me  to  remark  that  the  Department  of  Public 
Records  of  this  State,  organized  under  a  law  of  last  Winter,  is  efficiently 
at  work  under  the  superintendence  of  the  Director,  Dr.  Carlos  E. 
Godfrey,  of  Trenton,  who  intends  to  see  that  old  records  are  hunted 
up  in  counties  and  townships  and  properly  preserved.  He  has  cour- 
teously advised  me  of  some  finds  in  Middlesex  and  Monmouth  Coun- 
ties, which  perhaps  we  might  copy  and  publish.  For  example,  in 
Monmouth  County,  inserted  in  a  book  of  "Alanumissions  of  Slaves," 
some  50  pages  contain  proceedings  and  evidence  taken  concerning  the 
services  of  Revolutionary  soldiers  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  pen- 
sions ;  also,  in  a  Book  of  "Executions,"  the  proceedings  on  forfeited 
estates  of  Tories,  beginning  in  1779. 

Our  Board,  having  learned  of  an  official  movement  in  Washington, 
owing  to  the  lack  of  room  for  documents  in  the  public  buildings,  look- 


Annual  Meeting  of  the  Society,  1921  85 

ing  to  the  destruction  of  such  of  the  Census  Records  and  Schedules  of 
Population  of  the  United  States  for  1890  as  were  not  destroyed  in  an 
unfortunate  fire  of  January  10,  1921,  joined  other  historical  bodies  in 
protesting  against  it  and  requested  our  State  Senators  to  aid  in  defeat- 
ing the  project  if  it  came  before  Congress,  as  we  were  advised  it  would. 
Senator  Edge  sent  us  a  response  (dated  May  i6th  last)  stating  he  was 
glad  to  receive  our  resolution  and  would  look  into  the  subject  at  once. 
We  have  not  heard  more  about  it  since. 

The  desire  of  many  of  our  members,  but  especially  of  various  pub- 
lic libraries  who  receive  our  published  works,  for  the  completion  of 
the  one  missing  year  of  our  ''Revolutionary  Newspaper  Extracts,"  and 
another  volume  of  Wills,  led  our  Board  to  instruct  me  to  see  what 
number  of  subscriptions  to  these  volumes,  or  either  one  of  them,  could 
be  secured.  If  they  were  sufficient  to  defray  the  actual  cost  of  print- 
ing the  Society  proposed  to  undertake  it;  if  not,  not,  as  we  have  no 
fund  for  such  printing.  Accordingly  I  sent  out  circulars  with  return 
cards  enclosed  to  about  750  of  our  members  and  to  all  Public  Libraries 
which  had  received  the  previous  volumes  of  Archives.  The  result  was 
much  less  satisfactory  than  we  had  hped ;  266  pledges  to  the  one 
volume  and  146  to  the  other.  The  public  libraries  generally  subscribed, 
but  not  over  20  per  cent  of  our  members.  This  would  not  nearly  meet 
the  probable  expense.  It  is  now  to  be  hoped  that  the  State  will  finish 
its  work  in  this  direction,  as  it  ought  to  do,  and  print  at  least  the  needed 
two  more  "Archives."  If  not,  we  may  have  to  see  if  a  special  fund 
can  be  raised  in  the  future  to  effect  this  object. 

During  the  present  month  some  of  the  New  York  newspapers  have 
called  attention  to  a  famous  "Salmagundi  punchbowl,"  formerly  in  use 
by  Washington  Irving  and  his  circle  of  friends  in  "Cockloft  Hall," 
the  building  still  in  existence  in  Newark,  N.  J.  The  bowl  has  just 
been  presented  to  the  New  York  Historical  Society.  This  Hall  was 
erected  previous  to  1750  by  Nicholas  Gouverncur,  and  Washington  was 
often  a  guest  there,  though  Irving,  in  "Salmagundi"  partially  immor- 
talized it.  Recently  "Cockloft  Hall"  changed  hands  and  its  total 
destruction  has  been  feared.  A  New  York  gentleman  who  is  greatly 
interested  in  such  historic  buildings  wrote  to  the  Society  in  Septem- 
ber about  this  very  Hall,  saying : 

"Recently  observing  in  a  newspaper  that  old  'Cockloft  Hall'  man- 
sion in  North  Newark  is  likely  to  be  demolished  soon,  and  feeling 
much  interest  in  it,  I  went  over  there  with  my  family  about  a  week  ago 
and  went  through  and  around  the  house,  which  has  been  much  mod- 
ernized. It  is  over  200  years  old."  [This  is  uncertain].  Continuing, 
he  says:  "It  was  nearly  100  years  old  when  Governor  Kimble  owned 
it  and  when  Irving,  Paulding,  Brevoort  and  several  other  first-class 
young  men  and  talented  writers  were  entertained  there.  ...  In 
a  history  of  Newark  I  find  a  picture  of  the  West  front  of  the  house 


86  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

as  it  was  originally,  but  have  been  unable  to  find  an  illustration  of  the 
East  front,  that  looked  out  on  the  Passaic  river,  which  undoubtedly 
was  the  most  attractive  front It  is  a  pity  that  the  old  struc- 
ture is  to  be  torn  down.  Should  not  the  city  of  Newark  possess. 
restore  and  keep  it  as  one  of  its  most  interesting  relics?" 

Of  course  these  old  houses  should  be  preserved  in  some  manner,  if 
possible.  In  the  last  Proceedings  you  have  noticed  what  was  said  of 
the  "Dey  Mansion"  at  Preakness.  That  assuredly  should  be  taken  in 
hand  by  some  Society  and  held  for  the  public  benefit  In  PI  infield 
the  new  local  historical  Society  has  done  this  for  the  oldest  house 
in  the  city,  dating  from  before  the  Revolution,  but  just  how  much  be- 
fore is  unknown,  though  perhaps  from  1756.  It  is  erroneously  called 
a  "Washington  Headquarters,"  but  it  is  quite  certain  that  Washington 
was  a  visitor  in  it. 

So  far  as  I  have  information  two  new  local  Historical  Societies  have 
been  formed  the  past  year:  the  Plainfield  and  North  Plainfield  His- 
torical Society  and  the  Union  County  Historical  Society.  A  Perth 
Amboy  Historical  Society  is  in  process  of  organization.  To  each  of 
these  Societies  we  extend,  of  course,  our  good  wishes.  And  we  must 
again  acknowledge  our  peculiarly  great  indebtedness  to  our  own  Wo- 
men's Branch,  for  its  interest  in  our  work,  and  the  additions  it  has 
made  to  our  Library  and  Collections  and  to  our  75th  Anniversary 
Fund. 

A.  Van  Doren  Honeyman, 

Corresponding  Secretary. 

Plainfield,  N.  J.,  October  19,  1921. 


REPORT  OF  THE  LIBRARY  COMMITTEE 

The  number  of  persons  using  our  Library  and  visiting  our  Mu- 
seum continues  to  increase,  the  attendance  for  the  past  year  being 
4,143.  We  are  also  receiving  an  increasing  number  of  letters.  About 
five  hundred  communications  having  been  received  and  as  many  writ- 
ten since  last  October.  Mrs.  Pierce  has  been  engaged  in  cataloguing 
our  books  since  last  March  and  quite  a  good  deal  of  work  has  been  ac- 
complished in  that  line. 

We  think  that  it  can  safely  be  .-aid  that  the  Society  never  received  in 
any  single  year  so  large  an  add i' 'on  to  its  collection  of  books,  as  was 
received  during  the  year  just  pa^i.  The  books  received  number  2,523; 
the  pamphlets  1,400;  the  manuscripts  299,  to  which  should  be  added 
those  received  from  the  estate  of  the  late  Marcus  L.  Ward.  The 
miscellaneous  gifts  were  75;  the  total  number  of  accessions  received, 
4,297,  not  including  the  manuscripts  received  from  Mr.  Ward's  estate. 
About  125  individuals  contributed  to  our  collections  during  the  year, 
and  books  and  pamphlets  were  received  from  about  as  many  societies 
and   institutions. 


Annual  Meeting  of  the  Society,  l<)2i  87 

The  late  Marcus  L.  Ward  bequeathed  his  library  to  the  Society, 
and  we  received  from  that  source  2,185  volumes  and  700  pamphlets, 
most  of  which  had  been  the  property  of  his  father,  the  Hon.  Marcus 
L.  Ward,  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  i865-'68,  and  Congressman  from 
i873-'75-  We  also  received  from  Mr.  Ward's  estate  some  thousands 
of  manuscripts,  nearly  all  of  which  were  the  papers  of  Gov.  Ward  and 
most  of  which  relate  to  the  Civil  War  period,  though  a  few  of  them 
date  back  to  the  Seventeenth  century. 

The  most  valuable  collections  of  old  manuscripts  received  by  thv.. 
Society  for  many  years  were  presented  to  us  during  the  year  by  Mr. 
Louis  Bamberger.  The  larger  part  of  these  relate  to  the  history  of  the 
Colony  of  New  Jersey,  but  some  of  them  deal  with  the  Revolutionary 
period   in   this    State. 

We  are  also  especially  indebted  to  the  Library  of  Princeton  Univer- 
sity for  one  hundred  and  ten  volumes  of  newspapers  published  during 
the  past  twenty  years. 

A  list  of  the  individual  donors  will  be  printed  in  the  Proceedings  as 
soon  as  room  for  the  same  permits. 

Frederick  A.  Canfield,  Chairman. 


REPORT  OF  THE  WOMAN'S  BRANCH 

It  is  a  pleasure  to  report  the  work  of  the  Woman's  Branch  for  the 
year  just  ending,  because  I  feel  that  we  have  accomplished  a  number  of 
worthwhile  things,  somewhat  different  from  other  years. 

A  year  ago  last  May,  Mr.  Boggs,  the  Treasurer  of  the  New  Jersey 
Historical  Society,  told  us  of  his  desire  to  raise  a  fund  of  $10,000,  in 
honor  of  the  "75th  Anniversary  of  the  founding  of  the  Society,"  and 
asked  the  Woman's  Branch  to  secure  $1,000  of  that  amount.  A  com- 
mittee was  appointed  and  went  to  work  at  once,  sending  out  simple 
and  concise  appeals  to  all  of  our  members,  receiving  a  ready  response, 
which  resulted  in  the  sum  of  $1,025.75,  which  amount  was  handed  to 
Mr.  Boggs  last  June. 

A  year  ago  I  reported  the  purchase,  by  the  Woman's  Branch,  of  the 
Stockton  collection  of  family  records,  which  consists  of  a  large  card 
cabinet,  containing  about  seventy-five  thousand  cards,  on  which  are 
given  relationships,  dates  of  births,  deaths  and  marriages  of  many  of 
the  early  New  Jersey  families.  The  price  was  five  hundred  dollars, 
and  in  March  of  this  year  we  made  our  last  payment.  We  feel  that 
this  collection  is  a  great  addition  and  advantage,  as  our  Library  is 
being  used  more  and  more  every  day,  especially  in  genealogical  and 
reference  work. 

Other  purchases  during  the  year  are:  Genealogies  of  Long  Island 
Families;  Southold  Records;  Willis  Family  of  New  England  an^l 
New  Jersey;  Exploration  of  a  Munsee  Cemetery,  near  Montague,  X. 
J-;    Spaulding's  Historical  Handbook  of  New  Jersey;    Record  of  Sei- 


88  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

vice  of  Connecticut  Men  in  the  War  of  the  Revolution  and  the  War  of 
1812  •  Record  of  Service  of  Connecticut  Men  in  the  Army  and  Navy 
of  the  United  States,  1861-1865 ;  Parker  in  America,  by  A.  C.  Parker ; 
and  Old  Roads  from  the  Heart  of  New  York,  by  Sarah  Comstock. 

We  have  purchased  a  number  of  manuscripts,  among  which  are:  A 
Contemporary  Affidavit  of  an  American  Officer  Regarding  Benedict 
Arnold;  a  document  signed  by  Gov.  Jonathan  Belcher  in  1740;  a 
Bond  of  the  Heirs  of  the  Rev.  James  Caldwell  to  Elias  Boudinot  in 
1797;  and  an  autograph  letter  of  Thomas  Dunn  English  in  :"-t4.  We 
have  also  purchased  two  hundred  pasteboard  boxes  for  fihng  pamph- 
lets. 

Among  the  gifts  received  during  the  year  are  a  number  of  valuable 
books  including  Kilpatrick  and  Our  Cavalry;  Johnson's  New  Fam- 
ily Atlas;  Mayflower  Pilgrim  Descendants  in  Cape  May  County;  His- 
toric Houses  of  New  Jersey;  Six  Generations  of  Le  Rues  and  Allied 
Families;  History  of  Plymouth,  Connecticut;  Tonne's  Memorial— 
Ransan,  Baldwin,  Moore  and  Allied  Families;  Edmund  Lewis,  of 
Lynn,  Massachusetts,  and  some  of  his  Descendants ;  and  William  Nel- 
son's History  of  Paterson,  N.  J. 

Among  the  manuscripts  given  us  are  an  Index  to  Snell's  History  of 
Readington  Township;  a  copy  of  the  Sessional  Records  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Stockton,  N.  J. ;  and  a  very  fully  and  carefully 
illustrated  manuscript,  entitled  "Historic  Burlington,"  prepared  and  pre- 
sented by  Mr.  Henry  S.  Haines.  A  collection  of  valuable  South  Jersey 
deeds  were  given  us  by  Miss  Mary  S.  Hunter. 

Other  interesting  gifts  received  are:  An  album  containing  photo- 
graphs of  prominent  men  of  the  Civil  War  period;  some  brass  andirons 
from  Hopewell,  N.  J.,  about  1820;  French  War  maps  and  posters;  a 
chopping  bowl  of  Revolutionary  date;  a  pair  of  linen  mitts  about  two 
hundred  years  old;  a  blue  and  white  woolen  blanket  woven  over  a 
hundred  years  ago  by  Martha  Hulbert,  of  Mt.  Freedom,  N.  J. ;  a  sword 
presented  to  Major  George  B.  Halsted,  in  December,  1862,  by  the  citi- 
zens of  Newark  as  an  evidence  of  their  appreciation  of  his  fidelity  and 
valuable  services  to  his  country;  a  cane  which  once  belonged  to  the 
Rev.  Alexander  ;MacWhorter;  five  old  pitchers,  one  of  which  was  in  the 
family  of  Noah  Brooks,  the  author,  for  more  than  two  hundred  years  ; 
a  watch  made  from  the  steel  plates  of  the  battleship  Maine;  and  the 
door  of  the  office,  in  Burlington,  N.  J.,  occupied  by  Samuel  Jennings, 
secord  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  and  later  occupied  by  the  then  State 
printer,  Benjamin  Franklin,  who  printed  the  colonial  currency  and  the 
New  Jersey  Laws,  and,  later  still,  by  Isaac  Collins,  who  published  the 
first  newspaper,  "The  New  Jersey  Gazette." 

Tombstone  inscriptions  from  the  Abel  I.  Smith  farm  burying- 
ground  at  Sccaucus,  and  the  Van  Houtcn  burial  ground  at  Totowa  were 
copied    and    presented    by    Mr.    John    Nealie.     Inscriptions    from    the 


Annual  Meeting  of  the  Society,  ig2i  89 

church-yard  of  the  "Yellow  Meeting  House"  at  Freehold,  N.  J.,  were 
given  to  us  by  Mr.  William  J.  Conkling. 

Autographed  photographs  of  President  Harding  and  nine  members 
of  his  cabinet  have  been  received ;  also  one  of  Gov.  Edward  I.  Ed- 
wards. 

Our  meetings  have  been  held  regularly,  with  good  attendance  and 
much  interest  shown  in  the  work. 

Our  membership  has  been  increased  during  the  year  by  62.  We  have 
lost  6  by  death  and  n  by  resignation,  leaving  a  total  membership  in  t''  . 
Woman's  Branch  of  620. 

Our  mid-winter  meeting  was  held  in  Somerville  and  was  a  pleasant 
affair  in  every  way.  In  preparing  for  it,  we  decided  upon  a  "box 
luncheon,"  to  be  supplemented  by  soup,  coffee  and  ice-cream,  and  thus 
to  eliminate  an  item  of  great  expense.  We  have  felt  for  a  long  time 
that,  although  these  mid-winter  meetings  were  most  desirable  and  bene- 
ficial to  the  Society,  the  expense  incident  'to  the  luncheon  was  a  great 
handicap  to  our  other  work  and  we,  therefore,  thought  it  well  to  try 
tl)e  "box  luncheon."  It  proved  so  successful  that  1  am  sure  we  shall 
want  to  do  it  again.  With  the  money  thus  saved  we  were  able  to  em- 
ploy a  cataloguer  for  about  four  months  and  to  do  a  number  of  other 
things. 

Upon  arriving  at  Somerville  we  went  first  to  Wallace  House,  where 
we  were  greeted  by  Miss  Otis  and  her  committee,  and  where  we  wan- 
dered about  at  will,  looking  at  the  many  interesting  things  of  early  days, 
all  so  well  arranged  in  that  charming  old  house.  We  then  went  over 
to  the  chapel  of  the  First  Reformed  Church,  where  many  little  tables 
had  been  spread  for  our  convenience.  We  opened  our  boxes,  and  soup 
coffee  and  ice-cream  were  served  by  the  young  women  of  Miss  Otis' 
committee  and  the  "box  luncheon"  was  voted  a  success.  After  luncheon 
Senator  Case,  in  a  few  well  chosen  words,  welcomed  us  to  Somerville 
and  then  introduced  Mr.  J.  Lawrence  Boggs,  who  gave  us  a  most  in- 
teresting and  instructive  talk  on  "How  the  Posters  Helped  in  the  War," 
displaying  many  posters  about  the  room. 

We  held  our  annual  meeting  on  May  eleventh,  at  which  time  Profes- 
sor William  Starr  Myers,  of  Princeton,  gave  us  a  splendid  and  most 
interesting  address  on  "Practical  Internationalism — 1865  to  1921." 

Alt  HA  Hatch  Cutler, 
President  of  Woman's  Branch. 


90  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

REPORT  OF  THE  MEMBERSHIP  COMMITTEE,  1920-1921 
DEATHS  REPORTED 

HONORARY     MEMBER 

Elected  Died 

Gen.  Horace  Porter 1883  May  29,  1921 

LITE     MEMBERS 

Joseph  E.  Booth 1896  Sept.        7,  1920 

J.  Edward  Borden 1891  ? 

Wallace  Durand   1890  July  17,  1921 

Dr.   John    Faber 1897  Nov.  18,  1920 

Hon.  John  Franklin  Fort 1890  Nov.  17.  1020 

George   J.   Hagar 1887  July  25,  1921 

Dr.  Charles  M.  Howe 1904  Dec.  18,  1920 

Hon.   John    B.   Jackson 1901  Dec.  2C,  1920 

Charles  H.  Jones 1891  Dec.  11,  1920 

Dr.   Calvin  Noyes  Kendall 1913  Sept.        2,  1921 

Dr.  Ephraim  Morrison 1906  May  10,  1918 

Walter  S.   Nichols 1886  Feb.         9,  1921 

Mrs.   Stephen  H.   Plum 1896  Sept.  10,  1921  | 

John    Poinier 1898  June  14,  1921  | 

Moses    Taylor    Pyne 1896  April  21,  1921  | 

Lewis  V.  F.  Randolph 1869  Jan.  2,  1921  j 

Joseph   M.   Riker 1913  Dec.  23,  1920  \ 

Mrs.  Joseph  M.  Riker 1913  Dec.  21,  1920  | 

Gideon    Lee    Stout 18S5  Nov.        2,  1920  | 

Jerome   Taylor 1885  Sept.  19,  1921  | 

Calvin    Tompkins 1896  March  13,    1921 

CONTRIBUTING    MEMBERS 

Edward  W.  Barnes 191 1  Aug.  24,  1921 

Edward    T.    Bell 1895  Aug.  12,  1921 

Frederick  A.   Borcherling 1911  Dec.  27,  1920 

Edward  Brunsen  Camp 1911  April        6,  1921 

Charles   M.    Decker 1907  Aug.  28,  1920 

Milton   Demarest 1919  Oct.  21,  1921 

Mrs.   George  T.   Dixon 1910  Feb.  28,  1921 

Frederick  H.  Doremus 1907  July         4,  1921 

Hon.  Henry  M.  Doremus 191 1  Jan.  16,  1921 

Dr.  Joseph  Fewsmith 1887  April        9,  1921 

Harrie    T.    Hull 1909  May  13,  1921 

Camillus  G.  Kidder 1920  Oct.  20,  1921 

Frank  P.  McDermott 1911  Jan.  3,  1921 


Annual  Meeting  of  the  Society,  ip2i  91 

Stelle  Fitz  Randolph 1911    May  21,1921 

J.  Ridgeway   Such 191 1    June  8,  1921 

Joseph  Ward,  Jr 1907    June        2,  1921 

Gen.  Alfred  A.   Woodhull 1912    Oct.  18,  1821 

NEW  MEMBERS 

Since   our   last   annual   meeting   the    following   new    members  have 
been  elected : 

HONORARY    MEMBER 

Elected 

Dr.  Calvin  Noyes  Kendall,  Trenton   (since  deceased) .  .March     7,  1921 

LIFE     MEMBERS 

Miss   Agnes   Blackfan,   Elizabeth Jan.  3,  1921 

William  Clark,  Newark March     7,  1921 

Alfred  M.  Heston,  Atlantic  City Feb.         7,  1921 

Rev.  Edwin  Watson  Rand,  Princeton Feb.         7,  1921 

CONTRIBUTING    MEMBERS 

Charles   C.   Black,  Jersey   City Feb.         7,  1921 

Charles  S.  Boyer,  Camden Feb.         7,  1921 

John    P.    Brennan,    East   Orange Sept.  12,  1921 

Miss  Mary  Clarke,  Newark May  11,  1921 

Mrs.  Andrew  L.  Cobb,  Boonton Nov.         i,  1920 

Miss  Lillian  Crosby,  Paterson June         6,  1921 

Weston  P.  Dimock,  Elizabeth Nov.         i,  1920 

Mrs.  John  D.  Everitt,  Orange Nov.         i,  1920 

Ferdinand  J.  Herpers,  Newark Feb.         7,  1921 

Henry  F.  Herpers,  Newark Feb.         7,  1921 

Mrs.  A.  V.  D.  Honeyman,  Plainfield June         6,  1921 

Mrs.  Caroline  S.  Howell,  Boonton May  11,  1921 

C.  H.  Imhoflf,  Hopewell Nov.        i,  1920 

Miss  Irene  I.  Kehoe,  Newark June        6,  1921 

Clarence  L.  Lersner,  Ridgewood Dec.         6,  1920 

Ray  E.  Mayham.  Westfield March     7,  1921 

Eugene  Miller,  Rahway April       4,  1921 

Mrs.  George  Reuck,  Newark March     7,  1921 

Leroy  F.  Vermcule,  Belleville July  11,  1921 

George  A.  Whitleigh,  Newark Dec.         6,  1920 

Miss  Frances  C.  Willis,  Glen  Ridge Feb.         7,  1921 

Eleven   members   have   resigned. 

Respectfully   submitted, 

J.  Lawrence  Boggs, 
Chairman,  Membership  Committee. 


92  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

REPORT  OF  TREASURER 

For  the  Year  Ending  September  30,  192 1 

RECEIPTS 

GENERAL    ACCOUNT 

Balance  on  hand  Oct.  i,  1920 $1,410  31 

Received    from   Annual    Dues 2  -  6  -.x) 

Rent   from  Property  No.  22  W.   Park  St, 

Newark,   N.  J 2,894  52 

Income  from  Investments : 

Account  David  A.  Hayes  Fund 432  50 

':"        Hadfield-F.  M.  Tichenor  Mem'l 

.-               Fund    20  00 

Ingleton  Donation  15000 

L.  Cotheal  Smith  Legacy 80  00 

"        Marcus  L.  Ward  Bequest 446  25 

Young  Bequest  20  00 

Capital   Fund    451  15 

Interest  on   Bank   balance 9206 

Donations  68  00 

Woman's  Branch,  Loan  paid 50000 

Sundries    i  qq 

BOOK  AND  PUBLISHING  ACCOUNT 

Received  from  Sale  of  Archives,  Proceedings,  etc 355  61 

CAPITAL  ACCOUNT 

Received  from  Life  Membership  fees 200  00 

75TH  ANNIVERSARY  FUND 

Received  from  Subscriptions  from  Members 2,817  25 

Executors  Estate  Marcus  L.  Ward,  Bequest, 

i"  full   20,000  00 

"^ot^^    $32,28465 

DISBURSEMENTS 

GENERAL  ACCOUNT 

For  Telephone    5_^  g^ 

Taxes  and  Water  Rent 2  087  87 

Salaries    2217^6 

Repairs    t-,  -- 

13   /D 


511 

31 

500 

00 

301 

50 

98 

98 

1 84 

00 

50  50 

55 

26 

29 

10 

22>7   35 

8o 

00 

98 

05 

455 

12 

500 

00 

Annual  Meeting  of  the  Society,  1^21  93 

"    Insurance   Premiums    

"    Payment  of  Note  at  Bank 

"    Coal  

'\  "    Printing  and  Stationery  

f  "    Luncheon  at  Annual  Meeting 

"    Interest  and  Stamp  Tax  on  Notes 

V  "    Postage    

i  "    Electric  Light  and  Gas 

J  "     Sundries  and   Petty  Cash 

5           "  Woman's     Branch,    Income     from    L.     Cotheal     Smith 

I  Bequest   

•  "    Inheritance  Taxes  on  Marcus  L.  V/ard  Bequest 

\          "  Accrued  Interest  and  Commission  on  Bonds  purchased 

}  for    Investment    

f  "    Loan  to  Woman's  Branch 

I 

I  CAPITAL    ACCOUNT 

I 

j        Cost  of  Bonds  purchased  for  Investment I39  00 

!  75TH    ANNIVERSARY    FUND    ACCOUNT 

i 

i        Cost  of  Bonds  purchased  for  Investment 2,925  00 

MARCUS    L.    WARD    BEQUEST 

j        Cost  of  Bonds  purchased  for  Investment 19.401  50 

I  BOOK    AND    PUBLISHING    ACCOUNT 

I 

Printing  Quarterly,   etc 1,223  81 

Balance  on  hand   Sept.  30,   1921,  on  deposit  in   Merchants' 

&  Manufacturers'  National  Bank,  Newark,  N.  J 1,132  40 


Total    $32,284  6: 


CAPITAL  ACCOUNT 

RECEIPTS 

Balance  on  hand  Oct.  i,  1920 $747  83 

Received  Life  Membership  Fees 200  00 

$947  83 


94  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

PAYMENTS 

Bought  $ioo,  par  value,  4^  Fourth  Liberty  Loan 

Bond    89  00 

Bought  $50,  par  value,  3j^7o  First  Liberty  Loan 

Bond   50  00 

Balance  on  hand  Sept.  30,  1921 808  83 


7STH  ANNIVERSARY  FUND  ACCOUNT 

RECEIPTS 

Balance  on  hand  Oct.  i,  1920 $535  00 

Subscriptions  received  during  year  from  Members 

of    Society    1,792  50 

Subscriptions  from  Members  of  Woman's  Branch  1,024  75 

PAYMENTS 

Bought  $3,000,  par  value,  American  Dock  &  Im- 
provement 6%  Bonds   $2,925  00 

Balance  on   hand   Sept.  30,   1921 427  25 

MARCUS  L.  WARD  BEQUEST  ACCOUNT 

RECEIPTS 

Amount  received  in  payment  of  Bequest $20,000  00 

PAYMENTS 

Bought  $20,000,  par  value.  Fourth  Liberty  Loan 

434%    Bonds    $17,564  00 

Bought  $2,000,  par  value,  Lehigh  Valley  Terminal 

R.  R.  Co.  5%  Bonds 1,837  5o 

Balance  on  hand  Sept.  30,  1921 598  50 


947  83 


3,352  25 


3,352  25 


20,000  00 


20,000  00 


INVESTED  ASSETS 

CAPITAL    FUND    ACCOUNT 

Par  Value 
City  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  Water  Bonds,  4%,  1922..  $6,500  00 
The  United  N.  J.  R.  R.  &  Canal  Co.,  4%,  1929 3,000  00 


Annu-al  Meeting  of  the  Society,  ip2i  95 

West  Shore  R.  R.  Co.,  4%,  2361 1,000  00 

U.   S.   Liberty   Bonds,   454% 1,25000 

U.  S.  Liberty  Bonds,  3^% 50  00 

U.  S.  Victory  Notes,  414  % 100  00 

■;  $11,900  00 

DAVID  A.  HAYES  FUND 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  R.  R.,  3>^%,  1925 $2,000  00 

N.  Y.  Telephone,  4^^%,  1939 4,500  00 

Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Ry.  Co.,  4%,  1995..  2,000  00 
Allegheny  Valley  R.  R.  Co.,  4%,   1942 2,00000 

\  10,500  00 

i 

l  L.    COT  HEAL    SMITH    LEGACY 

I       The  United  N.  J.  R.  R.  &  Canal  Co.,  4%,  1944..     $2,000  00 

t  2,000  00 

'■  HADFIELD-F.   M.  TICHENER  MEMORIAL  FUND 

I       City  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  Water  Bonds,  4%,  1922 $500  00 


500  00 


MARY   A.   INGLETON   DONATION 


Bond  and  Mortgage,  5%,  C.  F.  Eberhard,  on  prop- 
erty No.  88  Arlington  St.,  Newark,  N.  J...     $3,000  00 


YOUNG    BEQUEST 

City  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  Water  Bonds,  4%,  1922..        $500  00 


75TH   ANNIVERSARY  FUND 

American  Dock  &  Improvement  Co.,  6%,  1936 $3,000  00 


MARCUS    L.    WARD   BEQUEST 


U.  S.  Fourth  Liberty  Loan,  4},i% $20,000  00 

Lehigh  Valley  Terminal  R.  R.  Co.,  5%,  1941 ....       2,000  00 


3,000  00 


500  00 


3,000  00 


22,000  00 


$53,400  00 
Respectfully  submitted, 

J.  Lawrence  Boggs,  Treasurer. 


96  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

NEW  JERwSEY  HISTORICAL   SOCIETY 

OFFICERS    FOR   1921-'22 

President 
FRANCIS    J.    SWAYZE 

Vice  Presidents 

CHARLES  M.   LUM  AUSTIN   SCOTT  CHAS.   W.   PARKER 

Corresponding  Secretary 

A    VAN   DOREN   HONEYMAN,    Plainfield.    N.    J 

Recording  Secretary  Treasurer 

JOSEPH  P.  FOLSOM  J.  LAWRENCE  BOGGS 

Librarian 
JOSEPH    P.    FOLSOM 


Term   expires,    1922 
Henry  Young 
Hiram  E.  Deats 
Charles  B.  Bradley 
Henry  G.  Atha 
W.  I.  Lincoln  Adams 


Trustees 


1923 


Term  expires.  1924 
Frederick   A.    Canfield 
William   S.    Disbrow 
Edwin  R.   Walker 
Philip  V.  R.  VanWyck 
Louis   Bamberger 


Charles    M.    Lum 
Wallace   M.    Scudder 
J.  Lawrence  Boggs 
Henry  Young 


Frederick   A.    Canfield 
Joseph  P.   Folsom 
William   S.   Disbrow 
J.  Lawrence  Boggs 
Charles  W.  Parker 


William  S.  Disbrow 
Frederick  A.  Canfield 


J.   Lawrence  Boggs 
Austin  Scott 
Edwin  S.  Lines 
Edwin  R.  Walker 
Louis    Bamberger 


Term   expires, 
James   J.    Bergen 
Wallace  M.  Scudder 
Edwin   S.   Lines 
Frank   Bergen 
William  M.   Johnson 

COMMITTEES,   1921-'22 
Finance  and  Building 

James  J.  Bergen 
Charles  B.    Bradley 
William   M.   Johnson 
Louis    Bamberger 

Library 

Mrs.    W.    W.    Cutler 
Edwin   R.   Walker 
Frank    Bergen 
Henry    G.    Atha 
Philip  V.  R.  VanWyck 

Cabinet  and  Museum 

Hiram    E.    Deats 
Mrs.  W.  W.  Cutler 

Membership 

Frank    Bergen 

Henry   G.   Atha 

W.    I.    Lincoln    Adams 

Philip  V.   R.    VanWvck 

A.   Van  Doren   Hon'eyman 


A,  Van  Doren  Honeyman 


Printing 

Frank    Bergen 
Joseph   P.    Folsom 


Genealogy  and   Statistics 
The  Woman's  Branch— President,  :Mrs.  Willard  W.  Cutler 


Austin  Scott 

Ernest   C.   Richardson 

Joseph  F.  Folsom 


Joseph  F.  Folsom 
Edwin  R.  Walker 
Austin  Scott 


Colonial    Documents 

A.  Van  Doren  Honeyman 

James  J.  Bergen 
^r  T  T ,  Hiram  E.  Deats 
W^.  I.  Lincoln  Adams 

Editorial 

William    M.    Johnson 

Hiram    E.    Deats 

A.   Van   Doren  Honeyman 


Proceedings 


of  the 


New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

^^\^  rPRIL?Y9?2  No.    2 


TRAVEL  ACROSS  NEW  JERSEY  IN  THE  EIGH- 
TEENTH CENTURY  AND  LATER 

BY  WILLIAM   H.  BENEDICT,   NEW  BRUNSViICK,   N.  J. 

The  early  traveller  who  crossed  New  Jersey  in  the  first  fifty 
years  of  its  history  either  walked  or  rode  horseback  and  ar- 
ranged for  his  own  transportation,  sometimes  buying  a  horse 
for  his  journey;  and  it  is  not  till  1723  that  we  find  a  proposal 
to  transport  passengers  and  goods  on  a  definite  day  and  over  a 
particular  route. 

The  three  first  roads  across  New  Jersey  v/ere :  the  Upper 
Road,  starting  at  Elizabethtown  and  going  by  Bnmswick, 
Princeton  and  Trenton  to  the  Delaware ;  the  Lozvcr,  which 
branched  off  from  this  road  west  of  Brunswick  and  went  by 
Cranbury  and  Crosswicks  to  Burlington  and  the  Delaware ; 
while  a  "road  from  Pcarth  Tozvn"  was  opened  in  1684  and  ran 
to  Burlington,  starting  from  Redford's  Ferry  (now  South 
Amboy).  On  this  latter  road  a  man  named  Dellaman  was 
given  the  exclusive  right  by  Governor  Hamilton  to  haul  freight 
over  it,  which  caused  great  dissatisfaction.  In  1707  Governor 
Cornbury  was  petitioned  that  this  exclusive  right  was  contrary 
to  the  statute  respecting  monopolies  and  should  be  withdrawn. 
The  Governor  replied,  saying,  that  "by  this  arrangement  every- 
body was  sure  once  a  fortnight  of  an  opportunity  to  send  goods, 
and  that  the  wagon,  instead  of  a  grievance  or  a  monopoly,  was 
the  means,  and  no  other,  by  which  trade  had  been  carried  on 
between  New  York,  Amboy,  Burlington  and  Philadelphia, 
which  was  never  known  before."  This  privilege  was  abrogated 
later  (1710). 
7 


98  Proceedings  Nexv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

The  notice  of  1723  referred  to  above  is  exceedingly  modest 
and  reads : 

"If  any  person  or  jiersons  may  have  occasion  to  pass  or  re- 
pass, or  convey  goods  from  Philadelphia  to  Trentown  and  back- 
ward, their  goods  may  be  secured  at  the  house  of  John  Wol- 
lard  at  Trentown,  in  order  for  further  conveyance.  Such  per- 
sons may  enquire  or  rej^air  to  the  liouse  of  the  said  John  Wol- 
lard  in  Trentown,  or  to  the  mill  there,  or  at  the  Crooked  Billet 
in  Philadelphia." 

Benjamin  Franklin  stopped  at  this  tavern  on  first  coming 
to  Philadelj.ihia;  the  Crooked  Billet  Tavern. 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  John  Wollard  does  not  say  that  he  con- 
veys by  land  or  water,  wagon  or  boat.  He  goes  on  to  say  in  his 
notice : 

"Passengers  may  come  and  goods  may  be  convey 'd  from 
Trentown  every  ]\Ionday  or  Tuesday,  and  from  Philadelphia 
every  Thursday  or  Friday." 

This  adventure  hinges  upon  whether  there  shall  be  any  de- 
mand for  the  service  and  will  be  furnished  once  a  week,  and 
upon  one  of  two  days,  as  the  demand  may  warrant.  I  believe 
that  this  was  boat  service,  from  the  Crooked  Billet  Wharf  in 
Philadeliihia  to  the  mill  in  Trenton. 

We  have  in  Benjamin  Franklin's  trip  to  Philadelphia  this 
same  year,  1723,  a  specimen  of  how  the  man  who  could  not 
afTord  to  buy  a  horse  travelled.  Franklin  was  going  to  Phila- 
delphia to  work  in  a  printing  ot^fice.  There  was  a  ferry  boat 
between  New  York  and  Amboy  on  which  he  took  passage. 
It  was  a  boisterous  day  on  the  water,  and,  finally,  when  night 
came  on,  to  prevent  being  blown  on  the  Long  Island  shore,  they 
cast  anchor  and  tossed  about  there  all  night,  getting  to  Amboy 
the  next  day.  The  following  morning  (the  third  day)  he 
crossed  Red  ford's  Ferry  to  what  is  now  South  Amboy  and  set 
out  a-foot  for  Burlington.  At  noon  he  arrived  at  a  "poor  inn," 
where  he  stayed  till  next  day,  then  (the  fourth  day)  walked  to 
Dr.  Brown's  Inn,  where  he  spent  the  night.  The  next,  and 
fifth,  day  he  walked  into  Burlington  and  found  that  the  Satur- 
day boat  had  sailed  and  that  the  next  would  not  go  until  Tues- 
day.   While  strolling  along  the  river  bank  he  found  a  row  boaJ- 


V  Travel  Across  New  Jersey  in  Eighteenth  Century      99 

l  and  some  men  intending  to  row  to  Philadelphia.  He  joined 
\  them.  They  rowed  until  midnight,  when  some,  thinking  they 
I  had  passed  Philadelphia,  would  row  no  more,  and  pulled  into  a 
5  small  creek,  where  they  lay  till  morning,  when  they  found  they 
;  were  not  far  from  Philadelphia ;  and  they  got  in  between  8  and 
i  9  o'clock  Sunday  morning,  (the  sixth  day).  Franklin  says  he 
!  had  one  silver  Dutch  dollar  and  a  shilling  in  copper,  which  latter 
;  he  paid  for  his  ride  in  the  boat,  although  he  rowed  as  much 
as  the  others. 

Lee,  in  his  "New  Jersey  as  a  Colony  and  a  State,"  mentions 
the  three  ferries  of  Inians,  at  New  Brunswick,  Billop's  and 
Radford's.  We  shall  have  occasion  in  this  sketch  to  cross 
j  Cooper's  at  Philadelphia,  Ramsey's  at  Trenton,  Coryell's,  about 
i  five  miles  above  Trenton,  now  Lambertville,  use  the  "New 
Blazing  Star"  vessel  on  the  Kil  von  Kull  to  Staten  Island, 
cross  back  again  to  Bergen  Point  by  the  "John  Beck,"  take  the 
ferry  over  the  Passaic  and  also  over  the  Hackensack,  and  finally 
the  Powles'  Hook  ferry  to  New  York.  In  addition  we  have  the 
ferries,  or  rather  water  portions  of  the  earliest  routes,  viz., 
Philadelphia  to  Trenton,  to  Burlington,  or  to  Bordentown — 
three  routes ;  and  from  Amboy,  Woodbridge,  Blazing  Star  and 
Elizabethtown  Point  to  New  York — four  other  routes ;  all  of 
which  will  appear  in  the  various  advertisements  of  Stage  boats 
and  Stage  wagons  in  the  next  sixty  years. 

It  is  six  years  to  the  next  advertisement  (1729),  when  in  the 
"Mercury"  of  Feb.  18-25,  1728-29,  we  notice  that — 

"The  plantation  called  Redford's  Ferry,  over  against  Am- 
boy, is  to  be  let,  with  a  good  dwelling  house,  kitchen  and  stables, 
scow  and  canew.  Any  person  that  has  a  mind  to  hire  it  may 
apply  himself  to  Gabriel  Stelle,  who  lives  at  the  said  place,  and 
agree  at  reasonable  terms.  N.  B. — There  is  also  a  stage  wagon 
kept  at  said  ferry  for  transporting  of  passengers  and  goods 
from  thence  to  Burlington,  and  doth  attend  whenever  freight 
presents." 

Here  is  the  first  definite  mention  of  a  stage  wagon,  but  not 
yet  a  schedule  of  days ;  it  only  goes  when  business  "presents." 

An  item  in  the  "Penn.  Gazette"  of  Sept.  13-20,  1739,  gives 
an  idea  of  the  roads : 


lOO  Proceedings  A'ezv  Jersey  Historical  Society  i 

"We  hear  from  Gloucester  county  in  the  Jerseys  that  on  Sat-  ] 

urday  last  one  John  Matson  was  riding  in  his  cart ;  the  wheel  \ 

passing  over  a  stump  overset  the  cart  on  him  and  killed  him  on  i 

the  spot."  I 

The  water  journey  was  not  without  its  excitements  also,  as  I 
the  "American  Weekly  Mercury"  of  April  16-23,  1730,  notes:       • 

"Amboy,  April  19.  On  Tuesday  last  we  had  a  sudden  storm  ; 
of  wind  and  rain  in  which  a  canow  that  was  going  over  the  \ 
ferry  here  was  overset  and  three  persons  drowned."  I 

i 

The  stage  wagon  waiting  at  the  Amboy  ferry  for  such  travel  ] 

as  might  present  itself  in  1729  is  improved  upon  in  1733  by  the  i 

establishing  of  a  regular  wagon,  once  a  week  from  Burlington  \ 

to  Amboy  Ferry.     The  "IMercury"  of  March  13-20,  1732-33,  1 

says :  1 

"This  is  to  give  notice  unto  Gentlemen,  Merchants,  Trades-  1 

men,  Travellers  and  others  that  Solomon   Smith  and  James  1 

Moon  of  Burlington  keepeth  two  stage  waggons  intending  to  ] 

go  from  Burlington  to  Amboy  and  back  from  Amboy  to  Bur-  i 

lington  again,  once  every  week,  or  oltt'er  if  that  business  pre-  | 

sents.    They  have  also  a  very  good  store  house,  very  commodi-  1 

ous  for  the  storing  of  any  sort  of  merchant's  goods,  free  from  | 
any  charges,  where  good  care  will  be  taken  of  all  sorts  of  goods, 
by  Solomon  Smith  and  James  Moon." 

Now  we  have  a  definite  proposal,  but  still  contingent  on  the 

demand.       This     New     York-Amboy-Burlington-Philadelphia  j 

route  is  in  opposition  to  the  Philadelphia-Trenton  route,  and  | 

from  now  on  added  attractions  by  one  route  are  met  by  similar  j 

efforts  on  the  other.     In  1738  a  stage  wagon  to  connect  up  the  I 

water  sections  at  each  end  is  advertised  in  the  "Mercury"  'Jan.  | 
31-Feb.  7,  1 737-3S: 

"To  accommodate  the  Public.  There  will  be  a  stage  waggon  \ 
set  out  from  Trenton  to  Brunswick  twice  a  week  and  back  again  \ 
during  next  summer.  It  will  be  fitted  up  with  benches  and 
covered  over  so  that  passengers  may  sit  easy  and  dry.  and  care 
will  be  taken  to  deliver  goods  and  messages  safe.  Note :  The 
waggon  will  set  out  for  the  first  time  from  Wm.  Atlee's  and 
Thomas  Hooton's  in  Trenton"  [Thomas  Hooton  lived  at  Tren- 
ton Ferry]  "on  Monday,  the  27tli  March  next,  and  continue 
going  every  ]\Ionday  and  Thursday  from  Trenton,  and  return 
from  Brunswick  every  Tuesday  and  Friday." 


r  Travel  Across  New  Jersey  in  Eighteenth  Century     loi 

.  The  water  ride  to  Trenton,  stage  to  Brunswick,  and  water 

;-  again  to  New  York,  make  now  two  opposition  routes  from  New 

V  York  to  Philadelphia.     Water  accidents  were  not  rare.     We 

I  read : 

^  "Nov.  26,   1729,   Perth  Amboy.     Last   Saturday  our   ferry 

I  boat,  coming  over  from  the  other  side  with   seven  men  and 

i  seven  horses,  a  gust  of  wind  arose  and  overset  the  boat,  by 

['  means  whereof  two  men  and  two  horses  were  drowned.     The 

\  rest  were  saved." 

I  Again : 

?  "Philadelphia.  Oct.  21,  1731.    On  Tuesday  last  one  Samuel 

;  Crosley,  a  baker,  going  from  this  city  to  Burlington  in  a  pas- 
■  sage  boat,  fell  overboard  near  Pennypack  and  was  drowned. 
His  body  is  not  yet  found." 

And  again  on  another  date : 

"Three  persons  were  drowned  by  the  upsetting  of  a  wherry 
from  Burlington  hither"  [to  Philadelphia]  ;  "five  other  persons 
in  it  were  saved." 

The  stage  wagon  of  1738,  Trenton  to  Brunswick,  was  not  a 
success  and  was  discontinued  in  1739.  as  appears  from  a  notice 
in  the  "Penna.  Gazette"  of  Apr.  10,  1740.  William  Atlee  had 
associated  himself  with  Joseph  Yeates  and  gave  notice  : 

"W'hereas  there  was  a  stage  waggon  went  twice  a  week  from 
Trenton  to  Brunswick  and  back  again  in  the  summer  season, 
1738,  the  conveniency  of  which,  from  its  certainty  and  cheap- 
ness, and  the  inconveniences  people  labour'd  under  from  being 
detain'd  and  paying  extravagant  rates,  has  induced  several  peo- 
ple to  apply  to  the  owners  promising  their  assistance  and  en- 
couragement :  This  is  to  give  notice  that  the  stage  waggon  will 
be  continued  and  go  twice  a  week  certain,  from  Trenton  ferry 
every  Monday  and  Thursday,  and  from  Brunswick  Ijack  again 
every  Tuesday  and  Friday  during  this  simimer.  The  waggon 
will  be  covered  over  so  that  passengers  may  sit  easy  and  dry, 
and  care  will  be  taken  to  deliver  goods  and  messages  safe.  To 
encourage  people  to  travel  and  send  goods  by  the  said  waggon 
the  following  low  prices  are  fixed :  l-lvery  passenger,  2s.  6d. 
IMerchant  goods,  2s.  per  C.  Household  goods,  boxes,  etc.,  at 
the  cheapest  rates.  Perform'd  by  William  Atlce  and  Joseph 
Yeates.  Note. — The  waggon  will  set  out  Monday,  the  21st  of 
this  instant  April,  from  the  ferry  at  Trenton." 


102  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

The  Amboy  ferry  and  Burlington  route  of  1733,  by  Smith  and 
Moon,  is  not  again  mentioned,  but  Joseph  Borden,  the  energetic 
promoter  of  "Borden's-Town"  in  1740  gives  notice  that — 

"On  the  first  day  of  May  next,  will  be  ready  and  well  fixed 
a  stage  wagon  to  carry  passengers  or  goods  between  Perth- 
Amboy  and  Borden's-Town,  which  will  attend  at  Amboy  ferry 
on  every  Tuesday  and  Borden's-Town  every  Thursday,  on 
which  days  all  persons  intending  to  transport  themselves  or 
goods  may  be  carried  from  either  of  said  places  to  the  other 
for  four  shillings  a  passenger,  and  all  goods  at  reasonable  rates. 
Security  is  given  by  the  wagoner  for  the  safe  conveying  all 
goods  delivered  into  his  charge.  All  persons  having  goods  to 
transport,  as  aforesaid,  may  send  them  to  Joseph  Borden  at 
Borden's-Town,  or  Pontius  Stellc  at  Amboy,  who  will  take 
proper  care  that  they  shall  be  sent  according  to  order." 

i 

Joseph  Borden  also  established  stage  boats  to  Philadelphia 
from  Borden's-Town  to  head  off  his  growing  rival,  Trenton. 

The  next  year  (June,  1741)  William  Meghee  advertises  a 
stage  by  the  Amboy-Borden's-Town  route,  probably  a  weak  op- 
position. He  gives  notice  that  he  will  "attend  on  Monday  every 
week  excepting  the  winter  season,"  and  "will  go  twice  a  week 
when  there  is  occasion,  if  the  passengers  will  pay  what  is  rea- 
sonable in  that  case."  We  hear  no  more  of  Meghee.  Borden 
and  Stelle  had  a  supplementary  notice  in  1740  to  get  the  Bur- 
lington trade  also,  viz.,  that — 

"Their  stage  wagon  will  attend  at  Perth  Amboy  ferry  every 
Tuesday  and  at  Burlington  every  Thursday,  they  being  the  two 
most  convenient  places  for  a  speedy  transportation  of  any  yet 
practised  from  New  York  to  Philadelphia.  Said  wagon  will 
go  the  old  post  road  from  Amboy  as  far  as  Crosswicks  Bridge, 
and,  if  lading  presents,  will  go  with  it  to  Burlington ;  or  it  may 
be  carried  at  a  small  expense  from  Bordenstown  to  Burlington 
or  Philadelphia  by  water  in  a  few  hours'  time.  Passengers  will 
be  carried    .    .    .    for  four  shillings." 

This  advertisement  was  also  printed  in  Dutch. 

The  next  notice,  June  7,  1744,  is  of  the  Trenton-Brunswick 
route,  hitherto  run  from  the  Trenton  end  by  Atlee-Hooten  and 
Atlee-Yeates.  Now  it  is  a  Brunswick  man,  William  Willson, 
who  heads  the  venture,  and  the  start  is  from  Brunswick,  and — 


I  Travel  Across  New  Jersey  in  Eighteenth  Century     103 

"Goes  certainly  twice  a  week  on  the  following  days :  from 
Brunswick  every  Monday  and  Thursday,  and  from  Trenton 
every  Tuesday  and  Friday,  in  which  waggon  passengers  and 
I  goods  may  be  carried  safe  and  dry.  All  persons  sending  goods 
\  from  Philadelphia  are  desired  to  direct  them  to  the  care  of 
\  Thomas  Hutton  in  Trenton,  and  those  from  New  York  to  Wil- 
1  liara  Willson  in  New  Brunswick,  where  care  will  be  taken  to 
f       forward  them  speedily  and  in  good  order." 

I 

i  This  is  the  first  notice  by  this  route  that  considers  through 

I       business  between  New  York  and  Philadelphia. 

i  The  vrater  portions  of  both  routes  were  subject  to  many  acci- 

I       dents.    On  April  29,  1742,  we  read  : 

I  "A  boat  with  passengers  in  her  passage  from  New  York  to 

[Brunswick]  was  overset  and  the  daughter  of  one  Solemn  was 
drowned.  The  rest  of  the  passengers  were  taken  up  by  another 
boat  then  in  company." 

And  the  next  year  it  is  stated  that  a  boat  between  Philadelphia 
and  Burlington,  a  shallop,  in  which  were  seven  passengers,  was 
overset  by  a  violent  gale  of  wind,  and  four  of  them  were  drovrn- 
ed  before  assistance  could  come.  On  Aug.  19,  1745,  a  boat 
from  New  York  to  Brunswick,  Mr.  Brooks  boatman,  took  in 
seventeen  passengers,  and  tliree  women  and  three  children  were 
drowned  by  being  overset. 
i  The  next  notice  (1750)  is  of  the  Bordenstown  and  Amboy 

!        route  in  the  "New  York  Gazette  and  \\'eckly  Post  Boy"  by 
Daniel  O'Brien : 

"This  is  to  give  notice  to  all  gentlemen  and  ladies  that  have 
occasion  to  transport  either  themselves,  goods,  wares  or  mer- 
chandise from  New  York  to  Philadelphia,  that  by  the  subscriber 
there  is  now  a  stage  boat  well  fitted  for  that  purpose  kept,  and, 
if  wind  and  weather  permit,  shall  attend  at  the  late  Col.  Aloore's 
wharf  in  New  York  every  Wednesday  in  every  week  (and  at 
other  times  if  occasion),  and  to  proceed  to  the  ferry  at  xA.mboy 
on  Thursday,  where  on  Friday  morning  a  stage  waggon  well 
fitted  will  be  ready  to  receive  them,  and  immediately  proceed 
to  Borden's-Town,  where  there  is  another  stage  boat  ready  to 
receive  them  and  proceed  directly  to  Philadelphia.  All  people 
may  depend  on  the  best  usage,  and  all  passengers  antl  mer- 
chandise shall  be  transported  at  the  same  rates  as  are  customary 
from  New  Brunswick  to  Trenton.  And  as  the  passages  by 
water  are  much  shorter  and  easier  performed  than  the  Bruns- 


I04  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

wick  way,  and  the  roads  generally  drier,  it  is  hoped  that  this 
way  will  be  found  the  most  deserving  of  encouragement." 

Here  we  have  the  first  distinct  recognition  of  the  two  routes 
and  a  strong  bid  for  patronage  by  the  Amboy  one ;  and  the 
claims  are  all  well  made,  for  the  water  route  to  New  Brunswick 
must  pass  right  by  the  Amboy  Ferry  and  then  come  all  the 
way  up  the  River  to  New  Brimswick,  while  the  water  route 
from  Trenton  is  a  little  longer  than  from  Bordentown.  We 
also  have  here  the  first  notice  of  an  effort  to  connect  up  the 
various  links  of  the  route  and  convey  the  passengers  all  the 
way  through  under  one  management. 

The  next  notice,  in  the  "Pennsylvania  Gazette,"  May  14, 
1752,  is  that  by  Joseph  Borden,  Jr.,  and  others : 

"There  is  a  stage  boat  well  fitted  and  kept  for  that  purpose, 
and,  if  wind  and  weather  permit,  will  attend  at  the  Crooked 
Billet  Wharf  in  Philadelphia  every  Tuesday  in  every  week, 
and  proceed  up  to  Bordentown  on  Wednesday,  and  on  Thurs- 
day morning  a  stage  wagon  with  a  good  awning,  kept  by  Joseph 
Richards,  will  be  ready  to  receive  them  and  proceed  directly  to 
John  Cluck's"  [the  old  Redford  Ferry  of  1684]  "opposite  the 
City  of  Perth  Amboy,  who  keeps  a  house  of  good  entertainment, 
and  on  Friday  morning  a  stage  boat  well  fitted  and  kept  by 
Daniel  Obryant  will  be  ready  to  receive  them  and  proceed  di- 
rectly to  New  York,  and  give  her  attendance  at  the  White  Hall 
Slip,  near  the  Half  IVIoon  Battery.  If  people  be  ready  at  the 
stage  days  and  places,  'tis  believed  they  may  pass  the  quickest 
(30  or  40  hours),  the  cheapest  and  safest  way  that  has  yet  been 
made  use  of.  .  .  .  All  passengers  or  goods  that  shall  come 
to  Bordentown  on  Sunday  or  >\Ionday  in  ever\^  or  any  week 
by  any  Trenton  shallops.  White  Hill  shallop,  or  Bordentown 
shallops  or  boats,  or  in  any  other  whatsoever,  whose  wagon 
hire  shall  amount  to  i6s.  or  upwards,  shall  upon  first  notice 
have  a  wagon  and  be  transported  to  the  above  John  Cluck's, 
opposite  Amboy,  where  if  the  stage  boat  is  not  ready  to  receive 
them  (but  'tis  intended  she  shall),  it  must  be  allowed  they  have 
the  greatest  chance  for  despatch  of  any  other  place  whatsoever. 
For  all  the  Brunswick,  the  place  above  Brunswick  called  the 
Landing,  and  all  the  river  boats  must  pass  that  place  in  whom 
people  may  have  passage." 

Attendance  was  to  be  at  the  Crooked  Billet  Wharf,  Phila- 
delphia every  Friday  and  Saturday,  to  proceed  to  Bordentown 


I  Travel  Across  New  Jersey  in  Eighteenth  Century     105 

on  Sunday,  and  on  Monday  the  stage  wagon  would  set  out  for 

Amboy.    The  "30  or  40  hours"  evidently  refers  to  actual  time 

of  travel,  and  does  not  include  the  layovers  at  the  taverns,  as 

the  actual  time  of  arrival  and  departure  covers  three  days  and 

seventy-two  hours. 

jt  They  seem  to  have  taken  turns  in  advertising  O'Brien,  the 

f  New  York  end,  Richards,  the  stage  section,  and  Jan.  2,  1753, 

i  Joseph  Borden,  Jr.,  and  Nicholas  George,  "Master,"  the  Phila- 

f  delphia  end,  when  it  is  stated  that  "'tis  believed  they"   [the 

I  people]  "may  pass  the  quickest  by  24  hours  than  any  other  way, 

f  as  our  land  carriage  is  only  10  miles  shorter  than  by  the  way  of 

f  Burlington,"  and  "our  waggon  does  not  fail  to  go  through  in  a 

J  day ;"  to  which  an  appended  note  adds  : 

c 

J  "Joseph  Borden's  shallop,  Charles  Yandike  Master,  will  also 

I  be  at  Philadelphia  every  P>iday  and  Saturday  in  every  week. 

I  Enquire  for  him  at  the  Queen's  Head.     He  proceeds  up  to 

j  Bordentown  on  Sunday,  and  the  stage  waggon  also  proceeds 

j  to  Amboy  every  Monday  in  every  week." 

}  In  June,  1753,  we  have  another  step  forward : 

"Abraham  Webb,  being  provided  with  a  boat  exceeding  well 
)  fitted  with  a  very  handsome  cabbin  and  all  necessary  accommo- 

dations, proposes  to  give  his  attendance  at  the  White  Hall  Slip 
I  every  Monday  and  Thursday,  and  the  same  day,  wind  and 

j  weather  permitting,  to  proceed   from  Amboy  Ferry  to  John 

I  Cluck's,  where  a  wagon,  kept  by  John  Richards,  will  be  ready 

I  ....    to  proceed  with  them  to  Borden's-Town,  where  a  stage 

I  boat  will  be  ready  to  carry  them  to  Philadelphia." 

[  We  now  hear  again  from  the  Trenton  and  Brunswick  route. 

Andrew  Ramsey,  an  innholder  of  New  York,  received  a  lease 
Sept.  26,  1750,  of  the  Brooklyn  ferry  for  the  term  of  two  years 
and  six  months  for  £455.  He  was  bound  to  keep  one  or  more 
scows  and  one  or  more  boats  for  the  transportation  of  cattle, 
one  of  which  was  to  be  always  in  readiness  on  the  New  York 
side  of  the  river  at  Wall  street.  His  lease  having  expired  in 
1753.  ^''^  gives  notice  to  all  travelers  between  New  York  and 
Philadelphia : 

"That  the  Trenton  ferry  is  now  revived  by  Andrew  Ramsey, 
late  of  Long  Island  Ferry,  where  all  travellers  who  arc  pleased 


io6  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society  | 

to  put  up  at  his  house  may  depend  on  having  good  entertain-  \ 
ment  for  themselves  and  horses.  Said  Ramsey  is  providing  a  1 
stage  waggon  to  go  from  Brunswick  to  Trenton,  and  a  stage  sj 

boat  from  Trenton  to  Philadelphia.  .  .  .  Notice  will  be  given 
what  days  in  the  week  the  boat  and  waggon  will  proceed  from 
stage  to  stage." 

With  the  revival  of  the  Trenton  route  the  Burlington  route 
is  also  revived  and  the  Bordentown  line  has  now  two  competi- 
tors, and  the  rivalry  becomes  active.     The  same  year  (1753)  \ 
'James  Wells  and  John  Weggery  with  a  commodious  stage  boat  i 
will  attend  at  the  Crooked  Billet  Wharf  twice  a  week  and  Wed-  | 
nesday  proceed  to  the  house  of  Jonathan  Thomas  in  Burlington,  1 
who  keeps  a  good  stage  wagon  ready,  which  on  Thursday  will  j 
proceed  to  Perth  Amboy  ferry,  where  a  good  house  of  enter-  ] 
tainment  is  kept  by  Daniel  Obryant,  where  a  commodious  stage 
boat  on  Friday  morning  will  proceed  directly  to  New  York  to 
the  White  Hall  slip,  at  the  house  of  Scotch  John,  returning 
Saturday.    Monday,  the  stage  kept  by  John  Prigmore  will  set 
out  for  Burlington,  where  Wells  and  Weggery  will  complete 
the  trip  to  Philadelphia  Monday.' 

Although  the  owners  of  the  Bordentown  stages  have  been 
pleased  by  way  of  hyperbole  to  advertise  the  aforesaid  passage 
by  24  hours  sooner  than  any  other  stage,  they  omitted  to  inform 
the  public,  as  Wells  and  Weggery  do,  that — 

"Their  stage  boat  from  Philadelphia  to  'Borden's  Town'  is 
frequently  three  tides  upon  the  water,  or  the  greatest  part  there- 
of, two  tides  of  flood  and  one  of  ebb.  during  which  time  the 
Burlington  stage  is  capable  of  landing  her  passengers  at  Perth 
Amboy,  and  upon  cases  of  emergency,  is  capable  of  performing 
the  whole  stage  from  Philadelphia  to  New  York  in  the  space  of 
24  hours.  And  as  an  undertaking  of  this  kind  tends  to  the  gen- 
eral good  of  mankind,  in  increasing  and  facilitating  trade  and 
commerce  between  the  two  places,  besides  many  other  advan- 
tages to  the  subject,  we  hope  that  those  gentlemen  who  have 
occasion  to  transport  themselves  or  goods  from  either  of  the 
places  aforesaid  to  the  other,  will  encourage  so  public  a  good," 
etc. 

The  foregoing  notice  is  signed  by  "Jonathan  Thomas,  John 

Prigmore,  James  Wells,  John  Weggery  and  Daniel  O'Bryant." 

There  seems  yet  to  have  been  room  for  more  stage  boats, 


Travel  Across  New  Jersey  in  Eighteenth  Century     107 

for,  on  Aug.  30,  1753,  Patrick  Cowan,  Master  of  two  commodi- 
ous stage  boats,  will  attend  at  the  Crooked  Billet  Wharf  and 
connect  with  Jonathan  Thomas  at  Burlington.  And,  Sept.  30, 
1753,  "John  Predmore  (?)  and  Daniel  O'Bryan"  give  notice 
that  the  stage  from  Perth  Amboy  will  change  horses  and  driv- 
ers at  the  house  of  John  Predmore  in  Cranbury  and  proceed  to 

;         Burlington  the  same  day.     (Here  we  get  the  first  mention  of  a 

^         relay  of  horses). 

)  On  April  11,  1754,  the  Bordentown  Line  retorts  : 

i  "Our  adversaries  have  been  pleased  to  advertise  that  they  can 

give  people  greater  dispatch  than  we  can,  so  that  we  appeal  to 
fact :   As  we  were  the  promoters  of  this  scheme,  as  yet  of  no 
:^  advantage  to  any  but  the  public,  and  take  pay  for  13  miles  less 

•  land  carriage  than  the  Burlington  people  do,  we  hope  all  well- 

j  minded  people  will  lay  their  commands  upon  their  humble  ser- 

1         vants,  Joseph  Borden,  Jr.,  Joseph  Richards,  James  Wells." 

.'  It  took  the  Burlington  people  a  year  to  reply.    On  April  17, 

I  1755,  they  say: 

I  "The  owners  of  the  Bordentown  stage,  in  their  last  advertise- 

ment, unkindly  call  us  their  adversaries,  and  in  a  manner,  too, 
that  seems  as  if  they  were  angry,  but  for  no  other  reason  that 
we  know  of  tlian  a  dislike  to  the  increase  of  our  business.  In 
return,  without  calling  names  (a  practise  unbecoming  for  the 
advertisers,  pro  bona  publica),  we  assure  them  v/e  intend  to  im- 
prove the  natural  advantages  of  our  situation  to  such  general 
satisfaction  as  neither  to  be  thought  adversaries  ourselves,  nor 
to  harbour  such  an  ill  opinion  of  our  neighbors;  so  we  remain 
the  public's  friends,  Jonathan  Thomas,  Joseph  Hancock." 

These  advertisements  are  curiosities,  and  we  hear  but  little 
further  from  these  two  routes ;  new  and  more  expeditious 
routes  apparently  crowded  them  out.  That  the  roads  were  still 
rough  and  the  water  routes  still  dangerous  these  few  notices 
show : 

Aug.  12,  1751.  "We  hear  from  Elizabeth-Town  that  two 
women  have  been  kill'd  within  these  few  weeks  past  near  that 
place  by  falling  out  of  riding  chairs"  [high  two-wheeled  ve- 
hicles, much  lil<e  that  used  today  for  tandem  driving]. 

Jan.  9,  1753.  "On  Christmas  day,  as  three  persons  were 
attempting  to  cross  Raritan  in  a  canoe,  they  were  overset  by 
the  ice  and  two  of  them  drowned." 


io8  Proceedings  Ncru  Jersey  Historical  Society 

June  10,  1754.  "A  Brunswick  boat,  in  coming  across  our 
[New  York]  bay  at  the  time  the  squall  happened,  was  overset 
thereby,  and  five  out  of  18  passengers  in  her  drowned  in  the 
cabin,  entirely  owing  to  the  obstinacy  (or  rather  unskilfulness) 
of  the  boatman." 

We  now  have  notice  of  a  new  stage  line  and  route.  Hitherto 
the  stages  have  started  from  Trenton,  Burlington  and  Borden- 
town : 

"Notice  is  hereby  given  that  we,  the  subscribers,  John  Butler, 
of  Philadelphia,  at  the  sign  of  the  Death  of  the  Fox  in  Straw- 
berry Alley,  begins  his  stage  on  Tuesday,  the  9th.  of  this  instant 
November,  from  his  House,  and  will  proceed  with  his  waggon 
to  the  House  of  Nathaniel  Parker  at  Trenton  ferry;  and  from 
thence  ....  over  the  ferry  to  the  house  kept  by  George 
Moschel  where  Francis  Holman  will  meet  the  above  John  But- 
ler and  exchange  their  passengers,  etc.,  and  then  proceed  on 
Wednesday  through  Princetown  and  New  Brunswick  to  the 
house  of  Obadiah  Airies  in  Perth  Amboy,  where  will  be  a  good 
boat  with  all  conveniences  necessary,  kept  by  John  Thompson 
and  William  Waller  .  .  .  .,  who  will  proceed  on  Thursday 
morning  without  delay  for  New  York  and  there  land  at  White- 
hall, where  the  said  Waller  and  Thompson  will  give  attention  at 
the  House  of  Abraham  Bockeys  until  Monday  morning  follow- 
ing, and  then  will  return,"  etc.  Signed  by  John  Butler,  Francis 
Holman,  John  Thompson  and  William  Waller. 

The  above  route  extended  the  land  route  to  Perth  Amboy. 
The  Bordentown  line,  to  meet  this,  gives  notice,  Jan.  4,  1757: 

"Whereas  the  subscriber  hath  been  instrumental  of  propagat- 
ing a  stage  between  Philadelphia  and  New  York,  and  by  ex- 
perience finding  some  difticulty  sometimes  to  pass  by  water  from 
Amboy  ferry  to  New  York :  Notice  is  hereby  given  that  a 
stage  waggon  is  erected,  to  proceed  from  Air.  Isaac  Bote's, 
opposite  to  Perth  Amboy,  on  Alonday,  the  17th.  instant,  Jan- 
uary, and  to  pass  through  Staten  Island,  load  or  no  load,  to 
Mr.  John  Watson's"  [Elizabcthtown  Point  Ferry],  "Airs. 
Dacket's,  and  Air.  Vantile's"  [Bergen  Point  ferry],  "and  on 
Tuesday  proceed  back  to  the  aforesaid  Dote's,  and  so  in  like 
manner  every  day  in  the  week,  where  due  attendance  will  be 
given  by  me.  Joseph  Richards.  N.  B. — To  hinder  dispiues  or 
resentments  that  may  arise  hereafter,  I  have  thought  fit  to  in- 
form the  public  of  my  price  and  custom :  Each  passenger  to 
pay  3s.  before  they  proceed  on  their  journey  and  proportion  for 
other  things  (except  letters,  which  are  to  be  carried  gratis)." 


Travel  Across  New  Jersey  in  Eighteenth  Century     109 

This  was  to  go  to  a  New  York  and  Staten  Island  ferry,  evi- 
dently at  Vantile's,  though  the  notice  fails  to  state  that  fact/ 

John  Butler  promptly  meets  the  change  by  a  rearrangement  of 
his  own  route  and  Francis  Holman,  instead  of  proceeding  Wed- 
nesday to  Amboy  proceeded  to  Brunswick  only,  where  Isaac 
Fitz  Randolph  met  him  and  took  his  passengers  to  the  New 
Blazing  Star,  Jacob  Fitz  Randolph's,  where  Ruben  Fitz  Ran- 
dolph with  a  boat  well-fitted  would  receive  them  and  take  them 
to  New  York  that  night,  cutting  about  ten  miles  out  of  the 
water  carriage  and  avoiding  the  lower  Bay,  and  by  the  night 
ride  saving  a  day. 

In  1759  we  find  a  new  stage  line  opened  through  an  entirely 


I  *Staten  Island  abounded  in  ferries.     Its  geographical  position  made 

I  it  a  desirable  link  in  the  New  York-Philadelphia  stage  route,  saving  a 

I  considerable  detour,  if  the  Newark  route  is  considered ;  and  the  routes 

*  across  the  Island  were  many.     One  could  cross   at  Amboy  to  Isaac 

*  Dole's  as  per  the  advertisement  just  read,  stopping  at  the  Blazing  Star 
I  ferries  and  at  the  Elizabethtown  Point  ferries  (two  each)  to  pick  up 
I  passengers  and  continuing  to  the  Bergen  Point  ferry,  and  on  still 
i  further  to  the  New  Brighton  ferries  (again  two).  The  stages  crossed 
j  at  the  Blazing  Star  or  Elizabethtown  Point  ferries  and  crossed  back 
I  again  at  Bergen  Point  ferry.  If  one  began  at  the  southwest  end  of  the 
I  Island  opposite  Amboy  for  the  first,  or  Billop's,  ferry,  then  came  the 

Old  Blazing  Star  ferry  at  Sewaren ;  next  the  New  Blazing  Star  Ferry, 
now  Linoleumville,  proprietored  by  Jacob  Fitz  Randolph  in  1757  and 
Joshua  Alersereau  in  1774.  There  were  also  the  two  Elizabethtown 
Point  ferries,  John  Watson's  noted  ferry  in  1764,  William  Douglas  in 
1769.  About  400  yards  below  was  Simonson's,  1769;  then  Jesse  John- 
son's. Then,  coming  to  Joseph  Carson's,  1753  (probably  the  first  New 
York  ferry,  as  Booth  in  his  "History"  says  the  first  ferry  to  Staten 
Island  was  in  1754.  while  the  "Alemorial  History  of  New  York"  says 
1755,  but  certainly  not  the  first  to  Staten  Island,  as  Billop's  and  the  Old 
Blazing  Star  must  have  been  older),  John  Beck  in  1764  operating  it, 
though  owned  and  offered  for  sale  in  that  year  by  Abraham  Vantile  and 
John  Alersereau.  This  was  the  Bergen  Point  and  sixth  ferry.  Then 
came  John  Ryer's  ferry,  not  certainly  located,  to  New  York  from  what 
is  now,  I  believe.  New  Brightc^i,  in  1769,  and  adjoining  it  was  Hilli- 
ken's  ferry.  These  were  oppositions,  Ryers  charging  25c  and  Flilli- 
kens  18c.  David  Mersereau  bought  both  out  and  combined  them.  Here 
appears  the  third  Mersereau  owning  and  operating  ferries,  and.  as  they 
were  sons  of  Joshua  and  Maria  Corson  Mersereau,  and  Joseph  Corson 
has  the  first  ferry  on  record,  they  nearly  controlled  the  ferries  on  tiie 
Island.  Isaac  Decker  in  1774  maintains  his  ferry  is  but  one  to  two 
hours  from  New  York,  and  that  it  is  ten  or  twelve  miles  shorter  to 
Philadelphia  then  by  Powles'  Hook.  He  was  operating  in  opposition 
to  Mersereau  and  the  Powles'  Hook  and  Bergen  Point  route.  Otto 
Vaa  Tuyl  otTcrs  what  seems  to  be  this  ferry  for  sale  in  1774,  noting 
it  "h.'.s  long  been  a  ferry."  One  more  ferry  was  that  at  the  Narrows 
to  L;r'<oklyn.  Among  the  early  ferrymen  was  Cornelius  Vanderbilt,  but 
later  than  the  period  we  are  considering;  about  1810  he  sailed  his  pas- 
sengers. 


no  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

different  territory,  more  for  the  convenience  of  Mount  Holly, 
Middletown  and  Shrewsbury  than  for  passengers  to  New- 
York: 

"Notice  is  hereby  given  to  the  public  that  we  the  subscribers 
have  erected  a  stage  waggon  to  transport  passengers,  etc.,  from 
Mr.  Daniel  Cooper's  ferry,  opposite  the  City  of  Philadelphia, 
to  Mount  Holly,  from  thence  through  the  county  of  Monmouth 
to  Middletown,  and  from  thence  to  the  Bay  near  Sandy  Hook" 
(probably  at  Middletown  Point  or  Middletown  Harbor  where 
there  used  to  be  a  ferry  to  Long  Island.  William  Edmond- 
son  the  Quaker  preacher  crossed  New  Jersey  about  this  route 
in  1672)  "where  a  boat  is  to  attend  to  convey  passengers,  etc., 
to  the  City  of  New  York." 

This  was  probably  a  five  or  six  day  trip.  The  Coopers  were 
a  ferrying  family  and  this  Cooper's  ferry  to  Philadelphia  was 
maintained  for  many  years  by  members  of  the  Cooper  family. 
And  the  well-known  Daniel  Cooper  of  Somerset  county,  who 
died  in  1799,  aged  100,  said  that,  when  a  boy,  he  and  his  sister 
rowed  passengers  over  the  ferry  at  Brunswick ;  this  must  have 
been  about  1710,  or  a  little  later. 

On  Oct.  14,  1762,  Joseph  Borden,  Jr..  gave  notice  that  the 
magistrates  of  Philadelphia  having  forbidden  his  boats  sailing 
upon  the  Sabbath,  it  put  him  under  the  necessity  of  changing  his 
stage  days,  and  hereafter  the  boats  would  sail  Monday  and 
Thursday.  Here  we  have  an  instance  of  the  enforcement  of 
the  "blue  laws."  It  is  to  be  noted,  also,  that  in  1762  the  Bur- 
lington stage  was  nmning  as  usual,  the  last  we  hear  of  this  line 
for  ten  years. 

On  Aug.  iS,  1763,  Jonathan  Biles,  living  in  3rd  street,  a 
few  doors  above  Race  in  Philadelphia,  announced  he  had  pro- 
vided a  stage  wagon  to  go  to  Trenton  ferry  on  Monday,  Tues- 
day, Thursday  and  Friday,  "where  other  stage  waggons  will 
carry  to  Brunswick  and  from  there  to  Elizabethtown  or  Amboy 
as  passengers  may  choose."  He  seems  to  have  succeeded  John 
Butler,  who,  by  the  next  notice,  has  joined  with  John  Bucking- 
ham. The  latter,  in  June,  1764.  gives  notice  that  he  will  drive 
a  stage  to  Bordcntown  from  3rd  and  Race  streets  to  proceed  to 
Dunks  Ferry  (a  new  ferry  on  the  Delaware)  where  John 
Butler  would  meet  and  exchange  loads  and  proceed  to  Borden- 


Travel  Across  Nezv  Jersey  in  Eighteenth  Century     ill 

town  every  Wednesday  and  Saturday,  and  so  cutting  out  the 
boat  ride  to  Bordentown.  Biles,  above  named,  soon  tired  of 
his  venture,  and  in  June,  1764,  sold  his  stages  to  John  Barn- 
hill,  who  continued  the  line,  but  starting  from  his  house,  the 
"Golden  Ball"  in  Elm  street,  near  Vine, 

Now  we  find  the  monotony  of  these  notices  changed  by  an 
entirely  new  route. 

On  Oct.  I,  1764,  "Sovereign  Sybrandt  ....  sets  out 
from  Philadelphia  on  Mondays  and  runs  from  thence  to  Tren- 
ton, from  Trenton  to  Brunswick,  from  Brunswick  to  said  Sy- 
brandt's  House"  [known  by  the  sign  of  the  Roebuck,  two  miles 
and  a-half  of  Elizabethtown]  "and  from  said  Sybrandt's  house 
by  the  new  and  lately  established  post  road  (on  Bergen,  which 
is  now  generally  resorted  to  by  the  populace,  who  prefer  a  pas- 
sage by  said  place  before  the  danger  of  crossing  the  Bay)  to 
Powles'  Hook,  opposite  to  New  York  where  it  discharges  the 
passengers ;  from  which  last  place  it  returns  on  Wednesdays 
and  is  in  Philadelphia  the  Friday  following.  Each  single  per- 
son only  paying  at  the  rate  of  two  pence  half -penny  per  mile 
from  said  Powles'  Hook  to  said  Sybrandt's  House  (as  it's  the 
longest  stage  and  is  obliged  to  return  back  the  same  day  it  ar- 
rives at  said  Powles'  Hook),  and  at  the  rate  of  two  pence  for 
every  mile  after." 

We  now  have  an  all-land  route,  excepting  for  the  ferries,  in 
three  days. 

There  had  been,  without  doubt,  a  road  from  Newark  to 
Bergen  and  to  Powles'  Hook  from  an  early  date,  though  not 
such  a  road  as  would  accommodate  stage  travel.  But  on  the 
completion  of  the  post  road  and  the  establishment  of  the  ferry 
in  1764  (opened  June  18  by  Abraham  Mesier  of  the  New  York 
side,  first  at  foot  of  Grand  St.,  then  foot  of  Thomas  St.,  and 
then  foot  of  Cortland  St.,  as  I  have  found  by  different  authori- 
ties, probably  at  different  dates  at  each  of  them,  and  by  Michael 
Cornelisse,  who  built  a  tavern  on  Powles'  Hook  and  operated 
the  ferry  under  a  lease  from  Cornelius  Van  \'orst,  who  owned 
all  of  Powles'  Hook  and  continued  to  do  so  until  1800).  Van 
Vorst  improved  the  road  from  the  ferry  to  Bergen  Point  Ferry, 
corduroy  for  the  swamj)y  portions,  and  so  opened  a  new  route 
across  Staten  Island,  and  by  the  Blazing  Star  Ferry,  near 
Woodbridge,  back  to  the  main  land.    And  John  Mersereau  was 


112  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

not  slow  in  taking  advantage  of  it,  for  early  in  1765  he  gives 
notice : 

"That  his  waggon  sets  off  from  Powles'  Hook  every  Wed- 
nesday and  Saturday  morning  between  7  and  8  o'clock ;  is  met 
at  the  Blazing  Star  at  12  the  same  days  by  William  Richard's 
waggon,  which  proceeds  immediately  to  New  Brunswick.  From 
Brunswick  John  Downey's  waggon  proceeds  to  Trenton  on 
every  Monday  and  Thursday  mornings,  between  7  and  8 
o'clock ;  from  Trenton  Mr.  John  Barnhill's  waggon  proceeds  to 
Philadelphia  on  every  Tuesday  and  Friday." 

This  trip  is  made  in  three  days  at  the  farthest.  Fare  4s. 
per  stage,  or  12s.  New  York  to  Philadelphia. 

There  were  five  ferries  on  this  route :  Trenton,  Brunswick, 
Blazing  Star,  Bergen  Point  and  Powles'  Hook,  and  five  on  the 
new  post  road  route :  Trenton,  Brunswick,  Passaic,  Hacken- 
sack  and  Powles'  Hook,  which,  now  that  the  delays  and  dangers 
of  the  water  portions  have  been  eliminated,  are  referred  to  as 
an  unmitigated  nuisance.  Sybrandt  had  to  ferry  his  wagon 
over  all  four  ferries,  while  by  IMersereau's  route  and  wagon 
from  ferry  to  ferry  he  only  transfers  the  passengers  at  Blazing- 
Star,  Brunswick  and  Trenton,  which  was  much  simpler  than 
taking  over  the  horses  and  stage. - 

We  find  records  of  stage  accidents  from  time  to  time.  A 
New  York  item  of  Aug.  15,  1765,  says: 

"On  Tuesday  the  week  before  last,  one  of  the  Bordentown 
stage  waggoners,  named  Bliss,  on  returning  home  from  Amboy 
ferry,  endeavored  to  get  before  one  of  the  other  waggons,  and. 
turning  out  of  the  road  for  that  purpose,  run  against  a  small 
stump,  by  which  he  was  flung  out  of  the  waggon,  and  the  wheel, 
going  over  his  head,  crush'd  it,  instantly,  and  kill'd  him,  with- 
out his  speaking  a  word." 

'The  water  danger  was  still  to  be  reckoned  with,  notwithstanding 
that  John  Beck,  ferryman  at  Bergen  Point  ferry,  in  1764  gives  notice 
that  there  was  a  fine  road  to  Powles'  Hook,  so  that  a  short,  safe  and 
convenient  way  is  fixed  by  means  of  these  two  ferries  for  all  travelers 
passing  from  Xew  York  to  any  of  the  southern  governments.  We  have 
a  news  article  regarding  this  ferry  in  17o7.  The  stage,  in  which  some 
of  the  passengers  had  remained  seated,  while  crossing  in  the  scow,  was 
overturned  into  the  water  and  Mrs.  Morris  and  her  maid  were  drowned. 
Mrs.  Morris  was  an  actress,  and  her  husband  was  then  playing  King 
Henry  in  "Richard  the  Third"  in  the  old  playhouse  in  John  street, 
New  York. 


Travel  Across  Nezv  Jersey  in  Eighteenth  Century     113 

The  next  effort  is  to  shorten  the  journey  to  two  days.  On 
Feb.  13,  1766,  John  Barnhill  and  John  Masherew  [Mersereau] 
gave  notice  to  tlie  public — 

"That  the  stage  waggon  kept  by  John  Barnhill  in  Elm  St., 
near  Vine  St.,  Philadelphia,  and  John  IMasherew  at  the  Blazing 
Star,  New  York,  intend  to  perform  the  journey  from  Phila- 
delphia to  New  York  in  two  days,  and  from  there  to  Philadel- 
phia in  two  days  also,  commencing  the  14th  day  of  April,  next, 
-  and  to  continue  seven  months,  viz.,  to  the  14th  of  November." 

This  was  over  roads  that  Franklin,  in  1768,  says  were  seldom 
passable  without  danger  and  difficulty.    The  wagon  seats  vrere 
I  to  be  set  on  springs,  and  the  notice  continues : 

I  "They  purpose  to  set  out  from  Philadelphia  and  New  York 

j  on  Mondays  and  Thursdays,  as  they  now  do,  punctually  at  sun- 

;;  rise,  and  change  their  passengers  at  Princetown  and  return  to 

I  Philadelphia  and  New  York  the  following  days." 

The  price  was  to  be  los.  to  Princeton,  and  los.  to  Powles' 
Hook  with  ferriage  free,  and  3d.  each  mile  any  distance  be- 
tween. This  also  brought  Princeton  into  prominence  as  the 
half-way  house.  The  stages  in  this  advertisement  are  desig- 
nated "flying  machines." 

The  New  York  "Post  Boy"  of  May  9,  1768,  calls  attention 
to  the  fact  that,  with  two  wagons  and  four  sets  of  horses,  per- 
sons might  then  go  from  New  York  to  Philadelphia  and  back 
in  five  days,  and  remain  two  nights  and  one  day  in  Philadelphia. 
The  stage  wagon  would  put  up  at  the  Hudibras  Tavern  in 
Princeton,  kept  by  Jacob  Hyer.  And  the  "Post  Boy"  of  June 
20,  176S,  gave  notice  that  there  "is  a  ferry  now  at  Hackensack 
River  on  the  Powles'  Hook  route,"  which  would  indicate  that 
it  had  been  discontinued  since  Sybrandt  used  it  in  1764,  the 
stages  going  by  Bergen  Point. 

We  now  have  still  another  new  route,  in  an  effort  to  reduce 
the  number  of  ferries.  A  lengthy  notice  of  Sept.  25,  1769, 
signed  by  Joseph  Crane  and  Josiah  F.  Davenport,  gives  a  route 
over  the  Old  York  road,  "through  the  finest,  most  pleasant  and 
best  inhabited  part  of  New  Jersey,"  viz.,  by  way  of  Powles' 
Hook,  Newark,  Elizabeth  Town,  Bound  Brook,  and  so  on  to 
Ringocs,  Lambertville  and  Philadelphia,  where  the  end  of  the 
8 


114  Proceedings  Nczv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

line  was  at  the  "Sign  of  the  Bunch  of  Grapes"  in  Third  street. 
The  exchange  of  passengers  was  at  Obacliah  Taylor's  at  "the 
South  Branch  of  Raritan." 

By  a  notice  of  April  21,  1770,  we  learn  that  the  Burlington 
and  Amboy  stage  has  been  dropped  for  some  time  past,  but 
Joseph  Haight  revives  it  for  the  convenience  of  people  who 
want  to  go  that  route ;  but  it  is  a  three-day  trip  against  two  by 
the  all-land  route,  and  with  the  uncertainties  of  the  water  sec- 
tions. 

On  May  28,  1770,  Abraham  Skillman  gives  notice  that  he 
will  take  passengers  through  to  Philadelphia,  via  Powles'  Hook, 
Newark,  Elizabeth  Town,  Woodbridge,  Brunswick,  Prince- 
town,  Trenton  and  Bristol,  in  two  days  for  20s.  or  3d.  per  mile 
to  any  distance.  He  will  keep  two  sets  of  horses  but  will  drive 
the  same  wagon  through  himself.  He  limits  his  load  to  eight 
passengers. 

On  Jan.  14,  1771,  J.  Mercereau  (so  spelled)  and  J.  Barnhill 
again  remind  the  public  that  they  continue  to  run  their  stages. 
Now  competition  really  becomes  keen.  Abraham  Skillman, 
though  only  one  year  in  the  business,  dubs  his  stage  a  "Flying 
Machine,"  and  gives  notice  that  it  will  leave  Powles'  Hook  Tues- 
day morning  and  be  in  Philadelphia  Wednesday  at  12  noon, 
starting  at  5  :oo  A.  M.  and  making  the  trip  in  one  day  and  a 
half.  John  ]\Iercereau  follows  Skillman  and  gives  notice  that 
his  "Flying  Machine"  will  also  perform  the  journey  in  a  day 
and  a  half,  and  make  three  trips  a  week  in  summer  and  two 
trips  a  week  in  winter.  This  is  the  quickest  time  made  as  yet 
and  will  not  be  equalled  for  many  years  to  come. 

On  July  23,  1772,  a  Philadelphia  stage  coach,  from  the  "In- 
dian Queen,"  by  way  of  Bristol,  Trenton,  Brunswick,  Eliza- 
beth and  Newark  (fare  30s.)  will  leave  each  Friday  and  go 
through  in  two  days,  with  four  good  horses,  and  will  accom- 
modate eight  passengers.  This  notice  is  by  Joseph  Hart.  Here 
we  have  the  use  of  the  word  "coach"  for  the  first  time;  it 
has  been  "waggon,"  "stage  waggon,"  "stage,"  "flying  machine," 
and  now  "coach."  This  is  a  revival  of  the  Newark  and  post 
road  route.  The  Bordentown  and  Burlington  stage  to  South 
Amboy  is  continued  (Dec.  2,  1772)  and  advertised  by  Joseph 


Travel  Across  New  Jersey  in  Eighteenth  Century     115 

Borden  and  Joseph  Folwell;  these  two  old  competitors  seem 
to  have  combined.  The  fare  is  5s.  between  Amboy  and  Bor- 
dentown,  and  6s.  to  BurHngton.  They  were  still  running  in 
1773,  as  there  is  a  note  of  stages  passing  through  Cranbury 
that  year. 

The  Philadelphia  and  New  York  state  coaches  from  "Indian 
Queen"  begin  Apr.  13,  1773,  and  exchange  at  Princeton,  mak- 
ing the  trip  in  two  days ;  fare  $4.00 ;  but  instead  of  Joseph  Hart 
they  are  now  operated  by  Charles  "Bessnot"  &  Co.  In  Jan.,  1774, 
Joseph  Hart  is  again  operating  this  line  on  the  same  schedule ; 
baggage  now  limited  to  14  lbs.  In  June,  1774,  John  Mercereau 
has  dropped  back  to  two  days,  starting  now  from  the  Cross 
Keys,  Philadelphia,  and  exchanging  at  Princeton.  The  day  and 
a  half  was  too  much  for  him.  But  Abraham  Skillman  con- 
';  tinued  the  day  and  a  half  schedule,  leaving  now  Arch  and 

^  Second  Sts.  and  going  by  Newark,  as  before. 

^  In  Sept.,  1774,  the  Philadelphia  and  New  York  stage  wagon 

\  from  Cross  Keys,  Philadelphia,  exchanges  at  Princeton;  fare 

I  20s. ;  trip  two  days ;  and  is  again  advertised  by  Charles  Besso- 

}  nett.    Apparently  the  "Bessonett  &  Co."  is  composed  of  Besso- 

j  nett  &  Hart. 

j  In   1775  ^  change  of  stages  at  the  Hackensack  ferry  was 

i  made  to  save  the  delay  in  ferrying. 

I  We  are  now  at  the  end  of  the  pre-Revolutionary  stage  coach 

i  days.    The  war  is  upon  us.    There  is  but  one  more  notice  of  a 

I  through  stage,  on  July  9,  1776,  to  the  effect  that  the  Borden- 

I  town  stage  boat  will  leave  Sundays  only ;  passengers  to  be  con- 

veyed to  Powles'  Hook,  "the  usual  route  being  interrupted  by 
the  enemy's  fleet."  This  is  from  the  Philadelphia  "Evening 
Post,"  July  II,  1776. 

In  March  31,  1777,  there  is  this  notice  of  a  ferry  between 
New  York  and  Amboy,  under  the  auspices  of  the  British : 

"The  Subscriber,  having  permission  from  their  Excellencies, 
the  Commanders-in-Chief,  to  establish  a  stage  boat  from  this 
city"  [New  York]  "to  Perth  Aml)oy,  has  engaged  for  that 
purpose  a  very  commodious  vessel  and  proposes  "^sailing  from 
New  York  every  Monday  and  Thursday." 


ii6  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

It  is  signed  by  William  Demayne,  and  the  rate  for  each  pas- 
senger is  3s.  That  there  was  an  effort,  however,  on  the  part 
of  others  to  keep  communications  and  a  semblance  of  transpor- 
tation open  through  New  Jersey  the  following  abstracts  of 
notices  indicate : 

Dec,  177S.  The  Bordentown  stage  from  Crooked  Billet 
Wharf  to  go  on  Saturday  or  Sunday,  wagon  to  Brunswick 
Monday,  to  Elizabeth  Tuesday  and  return  to  Brunswick  same 
day.    This  by  Joseph  Borden,  who  repeats  this  notice  in  17S0. 

Feb.  15,  1779.  To  go  from  Burlington  to  Brunswick;  from 
Crooked  Billet  Wharf  in  Philadelphia  Wednesday,  and  Thurs- 
day to  Brunswick.  This  by  John  Willis.  (Back  to  boat  and 
stage  once  more). 

June  6,  1780.  Stage  wagon  to  go  from  New  Brunswick; 
ferry  to  Elizabeth  every  Tuesday.     This  by  W^illiam  Rider. 

Sept.  6,  1780.  Stage  wagon  by  John  DeGrove,  innholder  and 
ferry  keeper,  on  "this  side  Raritan  River  in  New  Brunswick," 
to  go  to  Elizabeth  every  Tuesday.  Also  horses,  or  a  horse  and 
chair  to  be  hired. 

Sept.  2y,  1780.  Stage  wagon  from  Cross  Keys  Tavern,  3rd 
and  Chestnut,  Philadelphia,  to  Trenton,  on  Tuesdays,  and  re- 
turn Wednesdays.    This  by  Jonathan  Scholfield. 

Oct.  20,  1780.  Elizabethtown  stage  from  Cross  Keys,  Phila- 
delphia, Wednesdays  and  Saturdays  at  10,  proceeding  to  Prince- 
ton, to  meet  stages  from  Elizabethtown  engaged  to  be  there 
on  Thursday  at  noon.  The  route  is  from  Cross  Keys  to  Four 
Lanes  End  (now  Langhorne),  Wednesday;  Thursday  to  Tren- 
ton, to  house  of  J.  G.  Bergen  for  breakfast ;  thence  to  Princeton 
to  Col.  Jacob  Hyers,  and  return  to  Trenton  same  evening ;  Fri- 
day by  Four  Lanes  End  to  Philadelphia.  Fare,  two  silver  dol- 
lars.    This  by  Gershom  Johnson. 

Apr.  30,  1781.  Elizabethtown  stage  wagon,  with  four  horses, 
to  change  every  20  miles,  Monday  and  Thursday;  to  breakfast 
at  Four  Lanes  End  (now  Langhorne)  and  shift  horses;  cross 
new  ferry  at  Trenton  and  drive  to  Bergen's  at  Princeton; 
shift  horses  and  lodge  in  Brunswick;  next  day  to  Elizabethtown 
at  10  A.  M.,  at  Dr.  Winant's  Tavern.  This  by  George  Johnson 
and  James  Drake.     Here  we  have  an  attempt  to  revive  the 


Travel  Across  New  Jersey  in  Eighteenth  Century     117 

regular  and  scheduled  routes  of  pre-war  days,  making  Phila- 
delphia to  Elizabeth  in  less  than  a  day  and  a  half. 

May,  1781.  The  so-called  Trenton  and  Elizabeth  stage  by 
Young  and  Grummond.  Really  a  Philadelphia  and  New  York 
line  operated  as  far  as  the  war  would  permit. 

August,  1 781.  Johnson  and  Twinning  will  take  the  Phila- 
delphia end  to  Princeton,  and  Grummond  &  Drake  the  Eliza- 
beth end,  a  two-day  run. 

April,  1782.  Johnson  &  Grummond  now  run  this  line  via 
Bristol ;  dine  at  Princeton ;  Brunswick  that  night ;  Elizabeth- 
town  next  day.    Fare  35s. 

1783.  "Through  travel  to  New  York"  resumed  by  Aaron 
Longstreet  &  Co.  by  the  Communipaw  ferry.  They  make  it 
known  that  a  boat  is  in  constant  attendance  at  the  ferry  stairs 
to  bring  passengers  to  Communipaw,  where  the  Newark  stage 
would  be  ready  to  carry  them  to  Newark,  and  there,  "by  the 
excellent  New  York  and  Philadelphia  running  machine,"  in  one 
day  to  Philadelphia. 

In  1786  this  route  was  superceded  by  the  Powles'  Hook  ferry 
route,  as  the  ferry  stairs  in  New  York  was  being  repaired. 

1793.  Charles  William  Jansen  made  the  trip  from  New 
York  to  Philadelphia,  crossing  at  Powles'  Hook  ferry  to  "Paulus 
Hook ;"  then  the  stages  had  the  horses  hitched  to  them  and 
were  all  ready  to  leave,  the  stages  being  literally  a  kind  of  light 
wagon  holding  12  (three  on  a  seat),  but  only  the  rear  seat  with 
anything  to  rest  the  back  against ;  to  arrive  at  Trenton,  66  miles, 
late  in  the  day,  and  leaving  at  6  next  morning,  arriving  in  Phila- 
delphia at  2  in  the  afternoon. 

There  is  a  dearth  of  information  in  books  of  history  and 
travel,  etc.,  as  to  means  of  travel  between  New  York  and  Phila- 
delphia after  this  period.  We  know  that  stages  called  at  the 
Indian  Queen  Tavern  at  New  Brunswick  in  1797,  and  there 
were  one  or  more  stages  running  from  Newark  to  Powles' 
Hook  in  1799  and  in  1800.  Tuttle's  Newark  and  "Paulus  Hook" 
Federal  stage  commenced  running  July  21,  1799,  New  York  to 
Philadelphia,  arriving  at  the  latter  place  the  fourth  day. 

The  enterprises  and  rivalry  that  brought  about  the  day-and- 
a-half  trip  had  now  disappeared,  but  with  the  new  century  came 


ii8  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

in  a  great  impetus  and  improvement  in  travel.  First  the  turn- 
pikes:  Trenton  &  New  Brunswick  in  1804;  Jersey  City  to 
Hackensack  in  1804;  New  Brunswick  to  Newark  in  1806;  to 
Bordentown  and  Burlington  in  1806.  Then  followed  closely 
by  the  steamboats;  the  "Phcenix"  to  New  Brunswick  in  1807. 
And  that  was  only  a  little  ahead  of  the  railroad. 

Powles'  Hook,  or  "Jersey,"  as  it  was  called  at  one  time, 
deserves  here  a  few  words.  By  1804  upwards  of  20  stages  a 
day  arrived  at  and  departed  from  there,  and  the  future  of  the 
place  began  to  be  seen.  In  1S05  the  rent  of  the  ferry  to  Major 
David  Hunt,  who  operated  it,  was  $1,500  annually,  and  Anthony 
Dey,  acting  for  his  associates,  Mr.  Varick  and  Mr.  Radclifif, 
purchased  the  Hook  from  Van  Vorst  for  an  annuity  of  $6,000 
(Spanish  milled  dollars),  the  title  being  first  passed  upon  by 
Alexander  Hamilton  and  Josiah  Ogden  Hoffman,  eminent  law- 
yers, whose  fee  was  $100.  The  amount  of  land  upon  the  Hook 
was  117  acres.  The  Act  of  Incorporation  designated  the  pur- 
chasers as  "The  Jersey  Company,"  the  place  being  then  called 
"Jersey,"  and  a  charter  was  asked  for  the  "City  of  Jersey" 
to  balance  up  the  City  of  New  York  on  the  other  side  of  the 
river.  The  inhabitants  in  1802  consisted  of  Major  Hunt's  fam- 
ily, John  Murphy  and  wife,  Joseph  Bryant  and  employes,  13 
or  15  persons  in  all.  A  charter  of  Jan.  23,  1829,  was  entitled 
"An  Act  to  Incorporate  the  City  of  Jersey,"  while  in  the  body 
of  the  Act  it  was  unwittingly  written  "Jersey  City,"  and  Jersey 
City  it  has  remained. 

The  Jersey  Company  of  1804  offered  Robert  Fulton  special 
terms  to  locate  his  shipyard  there,  and  he  acquired  one  block 
for  $1,000,  payable  in  five  years  without  interest. 

To  return  to  our  stage  travel.  John  Voorhees  ran  a  coach 
to  Elizabeth  in  1805,  three  times  a  week;  fare  6]^  cents  a 
mile.  In  1805  the  ferry  to  New  York,  from  Elizabethtown 
Point,  consisted  of  six  boats,  and  they  made  two  trips  in  the 
forenoon  and  two  on  the  afternoon,  every  day. 

In  1806  there  were  stages  from  the  City  Hotel,  Brunswick, 
to  Powles'  Hook  three  times  a  week.  In  1807  Joseph  Letson 
ran  a  stage  from  New  Brunswick,  and  Stevens'  steamboat. 
"Phoenix,"  ran  for  a  while  to  New  Brunswick.     Her  trip  to 


Unpublished  Scots  East  Jersey  Proprietors  Mss.       119 

New  Brunswick  was  made  in  nine  hours  and  thirty-two  min- 
utes, and  her  return  in  nine  hours  and  twenty  m.inutes.     Ful- 
ton's "Raritan"  succeeded  her  in  1809,  but  from  1811  to  1815 
there  were  no  steamboats  to  New  Brunswick.    In  1810  Samuel 
Brush  made  the  trip  from  Philadelphia  to  New  York ;  drove  to 
^        Trenton  the  first  day  and  slept  there ;  dined  next  day  at  Bruns- 
^         wick  and  slept  at  Elizabeth,  arriving  at  New  York  before  noon 
I         next  day. 

In  1816  the  "Raritan,"  second  of  that  name,  gives  notice  of 

I  travel  from  city  to  city  (25  miles  by  land) ,  fare  $4.50,  Monday, 

j  Wednesday  and  Friday,  from  north  side  of  the  battery  at  9 

i  A.  M.    Passengers  lodge  at  Trenton ;  Philadelphia  next  day  at 

I  II  A.  M.    Here,  with  a  steamboat  at  both  ends  (the  "Phccnix" 

I  was  on  the  Delaware)  the  time  has  about  got  back  to  Skillman's 

j  day-and-a-half  in  1771— forty-five  years  before. 

I  In  1818  the  "Bellona,"  Captain  Vanderbilt,  and  the  "Olive 

I  Branch,"  the  Livingston-Stevens  boat,  with  William  Gibbons' 

1  stages,  occupied  the  field  with  other  steamboats  until  the  rail- 

j         road  carried  us  another  stride  forward 
s 

I  Jl     J*     jl     ^ 

j        UNPUBLISHED    SCOTS    EAST  JERSEY   PROPRIE- 
I  TORS'  MSS. 

\  [Co7itinucd  from  Page  12] 

Among  the  documents  in  the  recently  acquired  collection  of 
MSS.  respecting  the  Scots  East  Jersey  Proprietors,  there  is  a 
letter  from  John  Barclay,  brother  to  Governor  Barclay,  dated 
at  Perth  Amboy  in  16S6,  on  his  second  visit  to  East  Jersey. 
(See,  as  to  him,  Whitehead's  "East  Jersey,"  p.  42).  It  is  a 
letter  to  Robert  Burnet,  of  Lethenty,  Scotland  : 

.._,„  "Amboy  Perth,  20th  March,  16S6. 

When  John  Lamg  came  first  ashore  I  got  him  what  ac- 
commodation I  could,  for  him  and  his  servants,  but.  the  winter 
coming  on  suddenly  after  his  landing,  he  was  not  wilHng  to  go 
into  the  woods  to  settle  upon  land  I  had  taken  up  for  tiiee  and 
my  Uncle  before  he  came  here ;  so  he  takes  two  acre  lots  here  in 
the  town,  one  for  thee  and  another  for  my  Uncle,  which  he 
cleared  and  fenced  this  winter.  After  that  he  went  into  the 
woods,  where   I   got  him  a  hous  and  some  ground   already 


120  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

cleared  within  half  a  mile  to  my  own  plantation,  which  I 
bought  for  15  lib  in  this  country-money  from  Thomas  Gordon, 
he  and  his  wife  not  willing  to  dwell  there.  So  I  take  up  that 
for  thee  and  my  Uncle,  which  I  did  for  the  best,  because  I  can 
the  better  assist  John  Laing,  he  living  so  near  me. 

"There  is  about  3,000  acres  of  land  taken  up  for  thee  and  my 
Uncle  and  2  lotts  at  New  Perth.  As  for  the  land  at  Wicking- 
ton  [Wickatunk],  it  is  divided  in  24  parts  and  there  there  falls 
to  thee  and  my  Uncle  500  acres." 

There  is  also  the  copy  of  a  letter  from  George  Keith  to  the 
same  Robert  Burnet : 

"Amboy,  29th  March,  1686. 
"I  have  surveyed  for  thee  and  thy  partner,  Robert  Gordon  of 
Cluny,  1,000  acres  neer  John  Barclay's  plantation;  the  whole 
tract  by  order  being  divided  in  24  shares  for  the  24  Proprietors, 
to  each  a  share,  amounting  to  about  500  acres.  What  other  land 
I  receive  order  to  lay  out  for  thee  I  shall  be  carefull  to  do  it  well 
and  to  best  advantage.  After  some  time  I  may  give  thee  a  par- 
ticular account  of  all  thy  land  I  have  surveyed  for  thee  and 
what  I  reckon  dew  for  it.  John  Laing  and  his  family  are  well 
and  lyke  to  do  well,  and  so  John  Sym  and  his  family.  Also 
thou  hast  thy  share  laid  out  at  Wickington"  [Wickatunk]. 

Present  Wickatunk,  as  our  readers  know,  is  a  brief  distance 
east  of  Freehold,  in  Alonmouth  county.  George  Keith  was  of 
an  Aberdeen  family,  "an  eminent  Quaker,  although  originally 
a  Scotch  Presbyterian,"  who  arrived  in  East  Jersey  in  16S5. 
He  located  and  found  Freehold,  and,  as  Surveyor-General, 
did  much  excellent  work  in  his  line  of  duty  for  four  years, 
when  he  went  to  Pennsylvania.  Thereafter  he  led  a  curious 
life  of  religious  propagations  and  dissentions  as  our  readers, 
doubtless,  well  know. 

One  of  the  interesting  memorandas  among  the  documents 
referred  to  is  the  following,  undated  and  unsigned,  but  which  is 
evidently  of  the  same  period  as  the  foregoing  letters.  It  in- 
dicates just  what  the  Scots  Proprietors  wished  to  know  con- 
cerning East  Jersey,  before  coming  over  themselves  or  sending 
too  many  settlers : 

"Memorandum  for  East  Jersey 
"Item.    To  inquire  of  the  breadth  and  length  of  that  Province 
and  what  number  of  acres  may  be  estimated  to  be  in  the  whole 
Province,  and  what  quantity  of  meadow  ground  is  in  it. 


Unpublished  Scots  East  Jersey  Proprietors  Mss.       I2I 

"Item.  To  enquire  if  there  be  ground  not  covered  with  wood, 
and  what  nature  it  is  and  for  what  use,  and  what  barrens  are 
in  the  Province,  and  whether  they  be  for  pasturage  of  sheep, 
or  any  other  use,  and  what  store  of  sheep  is  in  the  country. 

"Item.  To  inquire  how  many  towns  in  the  Province,  how 
their  houses  are  built  and  streets  paved,  and  what  greatnes 
they  are  off  by  the  number  of  families  in  a  town. 

"Item.  To  inquire  into  Ambo  where  they  intend  a  town, 
what  a  place,  how  convenient  for  shipping,  and  what  the  land 
is  from  Sandy  Hook  to  Little  Egg  harbor,  and  what  the  nature 
of  the  sandy  land  is,  and  the  place  called  "Burning  Hole."' 

"Item.  To  inquire  if  store  of  fish  there,  sea  or  river  fish, 
and  if  there  be  boats  and  fishermen. 

"Item.  To  inquire  what  rivers  are  in  the  country,  either 
faling  on  the  sea,  or  Hudson  River,  and  if  navigable  and  how 
many. 

"Item.  To  inquire  what  they  reckon  an  acre  there  and  how 
much  English  wheat  it  will  sow. 

"Item.  To  inquire  what  wild  beasts  are  there,  hurtfull  or 
for  food  or  otherwise. 

"Item.  What  corn  grows  in  the  Province,  whether  store  of 
English  wheat,  barley,  rye,  peas,  hemp  and  flax. 

"Item.  What  is  the  chief  food  and  drink  in  the  country,  and 
what  servants  are  entertained  with,  and  what  fire  they  make 
use  of. 

"Item.  What  Summer,  Spring  harvest  and  winter  is  there, 
and  about  what  time  they  begin. 

"Item.  Inquire  whether  there  be  any  geese,  hens,  capons, 
cocks,  eggs,  dark  turkies,  and  what  wild  fowl. 

"Item,  What  vines  for  grapes,  peaches,  apricots,  apples, 
plums,  peas,  cherries,  gins,  mulberries  with  silk  worms,  and 
quinces,  or  others. 

"Item.  Whether  oxen,  horses,  cows,  hogs,  store  of  milk,  btit- 
ter,  chess. 

"Item.  Inquire  how  they  bring  in  ground,  how  easily  or 
soon,  how  its  plowed  and  manured  when  brought  in,  when 
sowed  and  reaped. 

"Item.  To  inquire  about  a  deed  of  mine  sent  over  to  be  reg- 
istrat. 

"Item.  W^hether  tenants  may  be  gotten  there  to  take  un- 
manured  ground  on  leases  for  yiers,  or  on  deeds  for  ever,  upon 
quit-rent." 

[To   be   ContiiiKcdl 


122  Proceedings  Neiv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

A  YOUNG  MAN'S  JOURNAL  OF  1800-1813 

[Continued  from  Page  59] 

At  the  Mouth  of  the  Mississippi 
"May  20,  1901.  Still  calm  and  clear  weather.  Received  an 
invitation  to  dine  at  the  Commandants  of  the  Balise;  in  con- 
sequence of  which  the  Captain.  ^Ir.  Parsons  and  myself  went  on 
shore,  where  we  were  sumptuously  entertained.  The  dinner 
was  excellent,  consisting  of  a  great  variety  of  dishes  of  the  best 
kind  and  well  cooked,  and,  what  added  to  its  grandeur,  was  the 
presence  of  the  Commandant's  three  daughters,  who  were  truly 
handsome  and  amiable.    Returned  to  the  ship  at  dusk. 

"21. — No  appearance  of  wind  yet,  and,  should  it  blow,  it 
will  answer  no  purpose,  unless  from  a  northwest  course,  and 
that  at  10  o'clock  A.  M.  at  which  time  it  is  high  water.  The 
pilot  says  there  is  not  water  sufficient  on  the  Bar  unless  it  is  in 
high  tides,  and  then  the  wind  and  current  will  force  the  ship 
through  the  sand  and  mud,  even  should  she  draw  more  water 
than  is  over  the  Bar,  but  the  above  circumstances  must  prevail. 
"24. — This  morning  the  wind,  as  expected,  blew  from  the 
N.E.  The  Pilot  came  on  board  and.  at  9  o'clock,  weighed 
anchor  and  set  sail.  I,  being  anxious  to  stay  as  long  as  I  could 
before  I  departed,  and  wishing  to  know  how  the  ship  got  over 
the  Bar,  concluded  to  stay  on  board  and  return  in  the  pilot  boat 
to  Balise.  Sailed  on  and  passed  the  old  wrecked  ship  'Star,'  at 
which  place  the  pilots  and  all  the  men  pulled  off  their  hats  and 
huzza'd,  thinking  themselves  out  of  all  danger;  but  what  was 
our  mortification  when,  in  about  one  minute  afterwards,  the 
ship  ran  aground  in  ii  feet  of  water,  she  at  the  same  time 
drawing  13  feet  10  inches.  The  pilots  tried  many  ways  to  get 
her  off,  but  all  failed.  Fortunately,  the  schooner  'Parragon' 
lay  about  a  league  off,  the  Captain  of  which  (Capt.  Nichols) 
came  on  board.  After  he  saw  we  were  aground,  Capt.  ]\Ian- 
warring  employed  him  to  lighten  the  'Ocean'  for  the  sum  of 
$600.  Capt.  Nichols  then  warped  alongside  his  schooner,  and 
at  4  P.  M.  began  to  discharge  the  cargo  of  the  ship  and  put  it 
aboard  the  'Parragon.'  Having  the  crew  of  both  vessels,  they 
at  2  o'clock  in  the  morning  had  the  'Ocean'  floating,  after  which 


I  A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  123 

she  dropped  a  little  down  and  anchored  in  five  fathoms  of 
water. 

"25. — The  'Ocean'  being  now  ready  to  reload,  the  schooner 
dropped  alongside  and  commenced  the  business  immediately  at 
4  P.  M..  This  day  they  got  all  her  cargo  in  again.  It  now  be- 
came time  for  me  to  depart,  as  the  ship  was  soon  to  sail.  Ac- 
cordingly, after  bidding  Brother  Sammy  and  the  passengers 
adieu,  I  left  the  ship  and  went  in  the  pilot  boat  to  the  Balise, 
and  took  up  my  residence  with  Commandant  Ronguille,  until 
the  ship  'Neptune'  arrives.  At  six  o'clock  from  the  lookout 
house  I  saw  the  'Ocean'  weigh  anchor  and  set  sail,  and  God 
)  grant  them  a  prosperous  voyage ! 

"I  received  the  utmost  good  usage  from  Co.  Ronguille  and 
\  family.    They  are  all  Spanish,  but  just  speak  enough  English 

\  as  to  make  out  to  be  understood  a  little ;  in  other  cases  they  have 

I  an  interpreter.    This  evening  Madamoiselle  Fanetta  Ronguille 

\  had  a  severe  fit  of,  I  think,  hysterics.     She  is  subject  to  them, 

t  which  is  a  great  pity  indeed,  for  she  is  a  very  amiable  and 

I  beautiful  girl,  as  also  her  two  sisters. 

(  "28. — Went  aboard  the  'Neptune'  and  found  my  fellow  pas- 

sengers, consisting  of  nine,  all  clever  fellows  with  much  the 
i  appearance  of  gentlemen,  and  I  begin  to  think  we  shall  have  an 

agreeable  voyage  to  New  York.     The  cabin  is  large  and  con- 
I  tains  good  berths  and  other  accommodations.    As  the  number, 

I  including  the  Captain  and  mates,  will  make  but  thirteen,  we 

j  shall  not  be  incommoded  by  numbers. 

I  "The  'Ocean'  of  New  York  arrived  here  this  day  from  New 

I  Orleans,  and  drew  upwards  of  16  feet  water.     Captain  Harri- 

i  son  has  employed  a  schooner  to  lighten  her  to  go  over  the  Bar, 

i  for  which  he  is  to  pay  $1,200. 

"29. — In  the  fore  part  of  the  day  Capt.  Harrison  of  the 
'Ocean'  and  his  lady,  Capt.  Hacquin  and  two  passengers  came 
on  shore,  and  dined  at  the  Commandant's,  after  which  they 
and  Madam  Ronguille,  the  three  Mademoiselles  Rouguilles  and 
myself  went  on  board  of  the  'Ocean'  and  drank  tea ;  returned 
8  P.  M. ;  we  had  a  very  sumptuous  entertainment. 

"30. — Capt.  Harrison  and  lady,  with  a  number  of  gentlemen 
from  the  'Ocean'  and  'Neptune,'  came  on  shore  after  tea  and 


124  Proceedings  Neiv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

had  an  agreeable  dance ;  the  company  consisted  of  those  above 
mentioned,  the  three  Mademoiselles  Roiiguilles  and  two  other 
young  ladies  living  near  by,  and  myself.  At  2  A.  M.  dispersed, 
all  well. 

"June  I. — This  day  Capt.  Harrison,  Capt.  Habir  of  the  Span- 
ish man  of  war,  IMr.  Osborn  and  myself,  went  out  on  the  beach 
to  shoot  rabbits ;  went  in  a  yawl  to  a  place  called  'The  Garden,' 
where  was  a  number  of  fruit  trees,  such  as  figs,  oranges,  pears, 
peaches,  etc. ;  saw  a  number  of  rabbits,  but  could  not  stay  to 
shoot  them  on  account  of  the  flies  and  gallynippers,  which  were 
so  numerous  that  it  was  impossible  to  keep  them  out  of  our 
eyes. 

Off  for  New  York  but  Soon  ox  Rocks 

"2. — This  day  there  arose  a  breeze.  Capt.  Hacquin  sent  for 
me  to  come  on  board.  At  10  o'clock  the  anchor  weighed  and 
we  set  sail,  as  also  did  the  'Ocean'  of  New  York.  After  we 
came  within  a  mile  of  the  Bar  we  discovered  the  'Ocean'  to  be 
aground,  she  being  before  us.  Our  Captain  was  then  alarmed 
for  fear  we  should  experience  the  same  fate,  which  he  soon 
realized.  The  'Neptune'  also  stuck  on  the  Bar  exactly  op- 
posite the  'Ocean,'  but  Capt.  Hacquin  immediately  started  the 
water  off  the  decks,  after  which  a  little  breeze  sprang  up,  and 
she  again  got  under  way,  and  fortunately  got  safe  over,  after 
which  we  anchored  in  order  to  take  in  water  again.  At  9 
o'clock  P.  M.,  the  ship  having  watered  and  all  things  righted, 
we  weighed  anchor  for  the  last  time,  set  sail  and  put  to  sea. 
Course  S.E.  by  E.  We  left  the  'Ocean'  fast  on  the  Bar  in,  I 
think,  about  nine  feet  of  water.  As  we  got  properly  to  sea,  the 
ship  began  to  rock,  but  I  was  not  so  much  of  a  sailor  as  to  walk 
steady  or  even  keep  my  feet  without  catching  hold  of  the  quar- 
ter-railing, shrouds,  or  anything  I  could  get  hold  of,  in  order  to 
keep  from  falling.  I  had  anticipated  the  effects  the  motion  of 
the  ship  would  have  on  me.  and  knew  it  would  make  me  sick ; 
I  therefore  kept  on  deck,  but  soon  found  my  expectations  were 
not  ideal,  for  at  10  o'clock  I  leaned  over  the  gunwail  and,  in 
spite  of  every  effort,  hollered  out :  'The  ship  is  made  of  oak, 
oak,  oak.'  After  a  few  transactions  of  this  kind  I  made  out  to 
crawl  to  my  berth  and,  though  as  sick  as  a  horse,  by  some  means 
or  other  I  fell  asleep. 


A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800- i8i 3  125 

"3. — This  day  the  wind  blew  brisk  and  the  ship  danced  about 
merrily.  I  ate  nothing  this  day.  I  shall  not  make  many  ob- 
servations you  may  depend — oak,  oak,  oak ! 

"6. — All  the  passengers  are  getting  able  for  their  allowance 
again.    Fell  in  with  a  schooner  bound  for  Havana — all  well. 

"y. — This  is  my  birthday  and  makes  me  twenty-two  years 
of  age,  which  day  I  generally  eat  strawberries  in  Jersey,  for  the 
first  time  in  the  year,  but  I  don't  think  I  should  find  any  if  I 
were  to  walk  out  to-day ;  therefore  I  shall  stay  in  the  ship,  and 
by  that  means  get  my  feet  wet  in  the  sea  hunting  them.  Still 
unfavorable  winds  from  the  S.E. 

"10. — Winds  as  usual,  and  makes  but  little  progress  on  our 
voyage.  This  evening  bathed  in  sea  water.  I  believe  I  shall 
now  weather  the  oak,  but  it  has  pulled  me  down  confoundedly, 
though.  I  have  got  a  good  appetite,  and  if  I  don't  get  some 
fever,  or  some  sickness,  I  think  I  shall  like  a  sea  life  very  much. 

"16. — This  morning  found  a  current  setting  two  and  half 
knots  to  the  N.  N.  \V.  Capt.  Hacquin  and  mates  could  not 
account  for  it,  not  knowing  of  any  such  in  the  Bay.  They, 
therefore,  began  to  think  that  the  currents  had,  during  the 
calms,  taken  the  ship  into  the  Gulf  of  Florida,  as  the  stream  sat 
in  that  direction.  At  12  by  the  quadrant  we  proved  to  be  in 
latitude  25°  49',  which  made  them  almost  positive,  as  every 
circumstance  spoke  loudly  in  favor  of  the  idea,  of  being  in  the 
Florida  Gulf,  which,  if  true,  must  have  been  good  news  to  us. 
because  it  would  be  a  distance  of  150  leagues  nearer  our  port 
of  destination.  The  Captain,  therefore  in  order  to  make  sure 
of  such  a  supposition,  laid  the  ship  due  west,  to  see  if  he  could 
discover  land,  the  Gulf  being  but  20  leagues  wide  at  this  place, 
or  at  the  place  in  which  we  supposed  we  were.  But  judge  our 
mortification  this  evening  at  sun  set,  after  sailing  a  distance  far 
enough  to  discover  the  keys  on  the  west  shore,  when  no  land 
could  be  seen  from  the  masthead,  and  we  were  consequently 
obliged  to  'bout  ship  and  stand  to  the  S.E.,  it  being  reduced  to 
a  certainty  that  we  were  yet  in  the  Bay  of  Mexico,  and  a 
greater  distance  from  the  Gulf  that  we  had  been  six  days 
previous. 

"18. — Find  the  water  beszins  to  jrrow  low. 


126  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  I 

Putting  Passengers  and  Crew  on  Allowance  | 

"19. — Capt.  Hacquin  informed  us  that  the  water  was  in  a  | 

likely  way  of  being  exhausted  before  we  should  get  to  our  port  \ 

of  destination,  or  where  we  could  get  a  fresh  supply,  owing  1 

to  a  number  of  casks,  upon  examination,  being  found  empty,  | 

having  leaked  out ;  and  that  he  feared  it  would  be  necessary  to  : 

put  passengers  and  ship's  crew  under  allowance  and  thereby 
prolong  its  duration  by  being  less  profuse;  which  we  readily 
agreed  to,  not  from  choice,  but  from  fear  of  suffering,  as  there 
appeared  a  necessity  for  so  doing.  Two  quarts  per  day  was 
agreed  upon.  This  afternoon  a  violent  gale  arose  attended  with 
rain.    Sails  all  closed.    Landsmen  very  much  frightened. 

"20. — I  find  that  fresh  water  is  a  very  great  luxury  at  sea. 
Two  quarts  per  day  is  not  enough  for  coffee  or  tea  twice  a  day,  . 
to  cook  dinner  with,  and  what  is  wanted  to  drink.     However, 
if  we  get  no  less  before  we  arrive  in  New  York,  I  shall  think 
all  is  well.    Under  way  of  3  knots. 

Contemplating  Destruction  by  Water  Spout 
"21. — Light  winds  till  5  o'clock  P.  M.,  when  a  circumstance 
happened  that  had  nearly  cost  us  our  lives.  We  observed  a 
squall  of  wind  and  rain  rising  in  the  southward,  which  drew 
quite  near  us,  when  we  perceived  a  very  large  water  spout  in  a 
cloud  that  attended  it ;  which  spout  the  wind  was  driving  ex- 
actly towards  the  ship.  The  Captain  endeavored  to  run  to  the 
windward  of  it,  but,  before  he  could  effect  it,  the  water  spout 
drew  so  near  the  ship,  and  the  suction  was  so  great,  that  he  ■ 
was  obliged  to  have  all  the  sails  clewed  up,  and  lay  the  broad- 
side of  the  vessel  toward  the  spout  to  prevent  the  effects  of  the 
suction.  It  was,  nevertheless,  so  great  that  it  drew  the  ship 
down  quite  on  her  beam  ends.  The  Captain  then  took  the  helm, 
very  much  alarmed  indeed ;  looked  as  white  as  chalk  and  only 
said :  'For  God's  sake  don't  alarm  the  sailors !'  This  was  the 
critical  time,  as  from  every  appearance  the  ship  would  in  a  few 
minutes  strike  the  spout,  the  effects  of  which  would  be  that  all 
the  water  contained  in  it,  between  the  cloud  and  the  ocean, 
would  immediately  fall  on  the  ship ;  and  how  could  she  stand 
the  effects  of  thousands  of  tons  of  water  falling  on  her  at  one 
dash?    The  solution  is  that  there  could  scarcely  a  vestige  re- 


A   Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  127 

main  and  not  a  soul  could  escape  immediate  destruction.  While 
everyone  was  contemplating  his  fate,  then  apparently  immedi- 
ately impending,  and  while  death  stared  in  all  its  ghastly  forms 
before  us,  being  then  within  one  hundred  yards  of  the  spout, 
we,  with  all  the  ecstacies  of  joy  possible  to  conceive,  observed 
it  begin  to  cease,  and  the  ship  gradually  to  right,  and  soon  be- 
come so  favorable  as  to  admit  of  the  sails  being  set ;  and  by  that 
means  was  able  to  get  to  the  windward. 

"22. — This  day  a  fresh  sea  breeze,  lat.  24°  32'.    We  now  use 
frugality  in  all  our  sea  stores. 

"23. — This  day  w^e  overhauled  our  biscuit  and  found  it  scant, 

for  the  prospect  of  our  remaining  passage ;  we,  therefore,  con- 

•  eluded  to  come  under  allowance,  conceiving  it  better  to  eat  a 

little  less  and  make  it  last  thirty  days  than  to  eat  it  all  in  twenty 

;  and  go  without  the  other  ten.    Our  poultry  is  yet  in  abundance. 

Water  and  biscuit  are  all  that  are  lacking. 
J  "24. — Wind  tolerably  fair  and  quite  brisk;  course  E.  S.  E. 

{  We  this  day  begin  to  think  we  are  not  far  distant  from  the 

I  Tortugas,  and  keep  a  good  lookout  for  them,  as  every  person 

1  on  board  is  very  anxious  to  see  them  ;  the  currents  are  so  fluctu- 

I  ating  and  various  in  the  Gulf,  that  the  Capt.,  etc.,  have  lost  the 

,  longitude.    \\^e  have,  in  consequence,  been  beating  about  here 

I  22  days,  and  know  nothing  of  where  we  are,  except  it  be  our 

i  latitude,  which  we  find  to  be  to-day  in  25°  5'. 

i  The  Near  Double  Shipwreck 

I  come  now  to  relate  a  circumstance  which  occurred  this  eve- 
;  ning  of  a  most  serious  nature.    At  5  o'clock  P.  M.,  one  of  the 

!  sailors  from  the  masthead  cried  out  'Land !'  which  appeared  on 

the  starboard  bow,  upon  which  the  Captain  and  other  officers, 
from  what  calculations  they  could  make,  thought  it  could  be  no 
other  than  the  Tortugas,  [consisting  of]  three  small,  dry  reefs 
lying  to  the  S.  W.  end  of  the  Floridas.  He,  therefore,  put  about 
the  ship  and  stood  S.  S.  E.  in  order  to  run  between  the  Tortugas 
and  the  Colorados,  which  last  lays  to  the  N.  W.  end  of  Cuba 
Island,  and  consists  of  shallow  water  full  of  small  reefs,  rocks, 
etc.  Continued  this  course  till  sunset,  when  the  Captain  sound- 
ed, but  could  find  no  bottom  at  100  fathoms,  and  laid  her  S.  E. 
by  S.    The  wind  at  this  time  was  fair  and  was  making  about 


128  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

three  knots ;  the  moon  shone  bright,  the  evening  pleasant  and 
everyone  seemed  overjoyed  to  think  we  were  in  a  Hketthood 
of  getting  into  the  Gulf  Stream  of  Florida,  as  the  common  run 
from  there  to  New  York  is  about  12  days;  and  we  began  to 
think  of  taking  off  the  allowance  of  biscuit  and  water.  We 
were  thus  all  on  deck  amusing  ourselves,  and  anticipating  a 
speedy  arrival  at  our  much-wished-for  port,  when,  at  three- 
quarters  past  seven,  what  was  our  surprise,  astonishment  and 
mortification  as  the  ship  all  at  once  struck  a  rock.  All  were 
amazed,  all  confounded;  no  one  could  speak;  no  one  could  tell 
what  was  the  matter ;  at  least  five  minutes  were  spent  in  this 
insensitive  manner  when  the  Captain  ordered  the  sails  clewed 
up  and,  with  the  lead  line,  found  that  at  the  starboard  side  lay 
a  rock  but  9  feet  under  water,  the  ship  at  the  same  time  drawing 
upward  of  16.  And  on  the  larboard  side  there  were  two  rocks 
not  more  than  12  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  sea.  This  was 
a  critical  time ;  and  what  was  to  be  done  ?  The  ship  lay  hard 
and  fast  between  the  above-mentioned  rocks,  and  lay  with  her 
keel  on  others,  and  began  to  surge,  and  every  sea  that  came  she 
was  in  danger  of  being  dashed  to  pieces  like  an  egg-shell.  What 
made  us  fear  this  event  more  was  her  being  a  vessel  upwards 
of  20  years  old,  and  consequently  her  timbers  not  in  a  situation 
to  stand  hardships.  This  circumstance  induced  us  to  pray 
for  the  wind  to  cease  blowing,  and  thereby  occasion  less  swells 
to  cause  the  ship  to  encounter  severe  surging ;  and  here  I  must 
mention  that  it  seemed  as  if  the  wind  ceased  to  blow,  almost 
immediately  after  we  struck,  on  purpose  to  secure  our  preserva- 
tion. 

The  first  thing  done  in  order  to  extricate  and  float  the  ship 
was  to  get  the  sheet  anchor  out,  in  order  to  do  which  the  long 
boat  was  hoisted.  When  in  the  act  of  letting  the  anchor  in  this 
boat,  she  was  so  leaky  that  she  had  nearly  sunk  before  the 
anchor  could  be  raised  out  of  her  again.  This  would  have 
been  a  great  misfortune,  provided  the  long  boat  had  sunk,  as 
in  all  probability  it  was  to  be  our  last  resort.  The  next  expedi- 
ent was  to  get  a  spar  on  the  large  starboard  rock,  with  a  watch- 
tackle,  to  see  if  she  could  not  be  thrown  out  of  her  present  situa- 
tion by  hard  straining;  this  too  proved  abortive.     All  seemed. 


A   Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  129 

therefore,  to  offer  nothing  favorable.  One  means  were  yet  to 
be  used,  which,  if  that  failed,  all  was  inevitably  lost,  and  this 
the  Captain  and  other  officers  asserted  was  the  only  way  to 
preserve  the  vessel  and  crew  from  destruction.  This  was  no 
other  than  to  throw  overboard  so  much  of  her  cargo  until  she 
could  get  afloat.  The  second  mate  took  the  yawl  and  found 
that,  if  the  ship  could  be  put  immediately  about  after  getting 
afloat,  there  was  a  passage  through  which  she  might  pass,  being 
about  three  fathoms  deep.  This  gave  us  some  hope ;  and  every 
passenger  and  man  aboard  went  to  throwing  overboard  cotton, 
as  this  was  the  only  loading  that  could  be  got  at.  We  con- 
tinued throwing  over  cotton  till  2  o'clock,  at  which  time  we 
had  discharged  20  tons,  and  she  still  kept  surging  on  the  rocks 
and  apparently  as  fast  as  ever. 

"All  were  now  disconsolate,  as  from  every  circumstance  there 
appeared  but  very  little  hope,  and  few  thought  of  nothing  else 
but  perishing.  We  began  now  to  think  of  having  some  other 
resort  than  the  wreck,  and,  as  the  long  boat  was  the  only  one, 
we  concluded  to  have  her  hauled  up  and  caulked,  take  the  main 
top  sail  down  and  spring  it  taut  over  the  boat  for  a  kind  of 
deck,  erect  a  little  mast  and  fix  a  sail  thereto,  put  a  sailor  at 
the  helm,  and  tie  the  sheet  of  the  sail  around  his  middle,  and  in 
this  manner  put  to  sea.  This  would  carry  about  two-thirds  of 
the  crew.  We  were,  therefore,  to  cast  lots  who  should  go  in 
and  who  should  stay  aboard  of  the  wreck.  For  my  part  I 
should  have  been  indifferent  about  the  result  of  my  chance,  for 
I  should  as  leave  stay  and  perish  aboard  the  wreck  as  to  starve 
to  death  in  the  long  boat,  as  no  one  could  have  taken  more 
provisions  than  he  could  have  put  in  his  pockets ;  on  account  of 
the  anxiety  of  taking  as  many  as  possible  in  it,  and  the  reason 
of  it  being  so  laden  with  the  crew,  no  provisions  or  water  would 
have  place.  The  probability  of  getting  to  any  inhabitants  in 
such  situations  before  all  or  most  perished,  is  very  uncertain 
and  very  seldom  happens.  The  long  boat  for  the  above  purpose 
was  drawn  up  and  caulked,  etc.,  by  which  time  daylight  ap- 
peared. 

"25. — Everyone  seemed  struck  with  redoubled  despair,  on 
seeing  our  situation  by  daylight ;  rocks  on  every  side  every- 
9 


130  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

where  interspersed  about  us,  some  dashing  their  ghastly  ap- 
pearance out  of  the  water  every  surge.  Nothing  but  gloom 
and  despair  now  seemed  characteristic  in  every  countenance, 
and,  if  anyone  spoke  a  word,  it  would  be,  'We  shall  all  perish.' 
What  mind  that  never  experienced  such  a  shock  could  feel  our 
distress  on  being  told  the  ship  had  sprung  a  leak !  Both  pumps 
were  set  at  work,  but,  on  sounding  the  water  in  the  hold,  it  was 
found  to  increase.  This  was  a  severe  misfortune,  and  everyone 
was  called  up  to  attend  to  his  fate  in  the  issue  of  casting  lots 
to  take  to  the  long  boat.  With  countenances  that  indicated  the 
feelings  of  their  hearts  all  appeared,  and  with  feelings  which 
did  honor  to  human  nature,  and  words  that  would  melt  the 
heart  of  adamant,  the  Captain  informed  us  all  was  lost;  no 
means  that  seemed  to  the  bounds  of  human  capacity  could 
now  save  the  ship,  and  it  was  our  indispensable  duty  to  try 
every  means  in  our  power  to  save  what  lives  the  little  proba- 
bility the  long  boat  afforded.  He  was  only  sorry,  and  lamented 
it  could  not  contain  the  whole  crew;  and  therefore  wished  im.- 
mediately  the  die  to  be  cast,  to  know  on  whom  the  lot  fell  to 
go  in  the  boat ;  upon  which  those  at  the  pumps  cried  out  that 
they  began  to  lower  the  water,  which  broke  up  our  proceedings 
for  the  present,  as  every  one  grasped  at  the  least  hopes  of 
success. 

"It  was  now  concluded  to  open  both  hatches  and  discharge 
her  cargo  as  fast  as  possible,  and  see  if  she  could  not  be  sot 
afloat,  as  the  leakage  ceased  so  much  that  one  pump  could  dis- 
charge the  water  as  fast  as  she  made  it.  After  throwing  over- 
board about  ten  tons  more  of  cotton,  with  inexpressible  joy  we 
observed  she  moved  a  little.  The  Captain  immediately  had  her 
sail  set,  and  she  rubbed  and  squeezed,  and  went  ofi'  a  distance 
of  twenty  yards,  but,  not  being  able  to  get  her  under  steerage 
way,  and  thereby  put  her  in  the  channel,  the  second  mate  had 
discovered  she  again  ran  with  her  bow  against  .'nother  reef  of 
rocks,  only  eight  feet  under  water.  This  was  a  second  severe 
misfortune,  as  to  float  her  over  this  the  whole  lading  must  have 
come  out ;  and  what,  I  ask,  will  a  ship  do  at  sea  without  ballast? 
The  anchor  was  ordered  to  be  prepared  to  endeavor  to  draw  her 
off  to  the  leeward,  while  doing  which  she  took  a  sheet  and, 


A   Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  131 

stern  foremast,  swung  off  again  and  got  afloat.  With  every 
possible  expedition  her  sails  were  trimmed ;  the  Captain  went 
up  on  the  foretop  gallant  yard  in  order  thereby  to  be  in  a  bet- 
ter situation  of  seeing  the  channel  and  depth  of  water ;  the  mate 
was  at  the  helm  and  every  sailor  at  his  post ;  and  in  this  manner, 
after  the  greatest  exertions  and  good  management  and  running 
about  a  mile,  with  our  hearts  in  our  mouths,  for  fear  of  getting 
again  on  rocks,  we  all  at  once  got  off  soundings,  at  8  o'clock 
A.  M. 

"What  heart  can  realize  our  joy,  or  what  mind  is  susceptible 
of  our  feelings,  torn  from  despair,  and  I  may  add  from  the 
most  poignant  grief  and  death  itself,  to  pursuing  our  voyage 
as  usual !  I  am  incompetent  to  describe  our  danger  and  grief, 
and  also  our  delivery  and  joy. 

"At  12  o'clock  this  day  there  arose  a  severe  squall  of  wind 
and  rain  which  continued  about  four  hours.  What  would  have 
been  the  event  if  we  were  in  the  situation  we  were  in  four 
hours  before,  I  mean  on  the  rocks?  all,  all,  inevitably  would 
have  been  lost ! 

"26. — At  1 1  o'clock  this  night  we  were  boarded  by  the  Brit- 
ish frigate  'Juno,'  Capt.  Dundas ;  after  a  slight  examination 
[he]  was  dismissed,  and  treated  politely  through  the  whole. 
Not  New  York  H.\rbor  but  Cuba 

"July  I. — This  afternoon  ran  within  half  a  league  of  the 
Island  of  Cuba  not  far  from  the  Dolphin  Head.  It  is  a  beau- 
tiful prospect  indeed.  Spoken  by  the  'Jui^o'  again.  Severe 
squall  off  Cuba.  Lat.  22°  25'  N.  This  day  bore  S.  S.  E.  till 
12,  when  we  got  in  sight  of  the  Cuba  shore  again  and  put  about 
to  the  N.  N.  E.  At  sunset  saw  land  to  the  eastward.  Our 
Captain  said  it  was  the  Double  Head  Shot  Keys ;  consequently 
we  are  near  entering  the  Gulf  of  Florida.  Lay  to  this  night  for 
fear  of  getting  on  shoals  in  the  dark. 

"July  4,  Independence  Day.  Huzza ! — This  day  we  found 
ourselves  in  the  Gulf  Stream,  which  is  very  acceptable  news, 
for  if  we  had  got  into  a  western  current  before  we  took  this 
stream,  in  passing  through  between  the  Floridas  and  Cuba,  we 
should  in  all  probability  have  been  swept  back  into  Mexico  be- 
fore we  could  have  beat  up  against  the  trade  winds  to  this 


132  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

place.  This  makes  32  days  we  have  been  at  sea,  and  therefore  i 
all  very  much  dejected,  on  account  of  the  length  of  the  time  for  ] 
the  distance  to  come ;  but  now,  as  the  current  is  favorable,  | 
whereas  it  was  unfavorable  before,  we  have  hopes  of  getting  to  | 
New  York  in  ten  or  twelve  days.  I 

"I  am  this  day  homesick,  knowing  that  the  day  will  be  cele-  \ 
brated  in  Jersey  as  it  ought  to  be,  and  I  am  sick  to  think  I  ] 
cannot  partake  of  the  enjoyment ;  however,  being  at  sea,  must  j 
celebrate  it  as  a  seaman  does.  l 

"In  the  morning  guns  were  fired  to  usher  in  the  day.  At  ,1 
dinner  we  partook  of  an  excellent  repast,  consisting  of  a  turkey.  | 
two  ducks  and  four  chickens,  with  an  excellent  plum  pudding,  i 
after  which  we  drank  some  patriotic  toasts  with  wine  and  por-  i 
ter,  which  made  it  resemble  the  hilarity  of  the  day.  \ 

"6. — This  morning  saw  a  large  sail  to  the  southward,  stand-        ; 
ing  down  upon  us.     It  being  calm  we  could  not  discover  what        ; 
it  was  till  12  o'clock,  when  we  found  she  was  a  man-of-war.        '■. 
At  2  P.  M.  she  came  alongside.     She  proved  to  be  an  English 
80-gun  ship,  called  the  'Cumberland.'    After  boarding  us,  and  a 
slight  examination,  she  dismissed  us  with  all  possible  politeness. 
Lat.  29°  34'. 

"8. — Stiff  wind  almost  ahead ;  make  but  little  on  our  voyage. 

"10. — Severe  squall.  Wind  very  heavy.  I  find  that,  owing 
to  my  being  so  much  unwell,  the  allowance  of  biscuit  is  not  so 
great  a  hardship,  though  if  I  had  more  water  I  should  find  it 
very  acceptable. 

"11. — At  10  A.  M.  began  a  very  severe  gale;  had  to  lay  to 
till  one  P.  I\I.,  at  which  time  the  wind  shifted  to  the  S.  E.,  which 
was  what  we  desired,  as  from  adverse  winds  we  have  not 
progressed  on  our  voyage  but  17  degrees  this  week,  and  sea 
stores  are  almost  gone. 

"12. — Stiff  wind  exactly  aft.  so  that  we  can  run  before  it  and 
keep  our  course.  Can  only  carry  fore  sail.  Very  heavy  sea. 
Off  Charleston,  S.  C.  Saw  and  spoke  a  small  sloop,  with  her 
main  mast  sprung. 

"13. — At  12  the  wind  increased  and  became  a  proper  gale; 
were  in  consequence  obliged  to  run  under  our  poles,  not  being 
able  to  keep  a  foot  of  canvas  up,  but  that  it  would  be  in  an  in- 


A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  133 

stant  split  to  pieces  like  paper.  Increased  till  12  at  night,  when 
it  moderated  and  the  wind  shifted  to  the  north  again.  During 
this  storm  I  have  been  perfectly  well  and  hearty. 

"14- — Quite  pleasant  weather;  are  now  off  of  the  Capes  of 
Virginia  from  our  latitude,  and  Capt.  Hacquin  informed  us 
that  he  expected  to  be  on  soundings  to-morrow,  and  that  if  no 
head  winds  prevail  we  shall  see  Sandy  Hook  lighthouse  by 
Sunday  next.  From  which  information  we,  with  no  small 
degree  of  satisfaction,  had  our  allowance  of  biscuit  and  water 
taken  off. 

"i5- — Quite  calm  this  morning.  Saw  a  schooner  to  the 
northward.  Our  Captain  bore  down  upon  her  and  boarded  her, 
in  order  to  get  some  provisions.  She  was  from  Philadelphia, 
bound  to  the  West  Indies.  Could  get  nothing  from  her  but  a 
little  sugar  and  coffee. 

"16. — Stiff  breeze  from  the  S.  S.  W.  Fine  prospect  of  get- 
ting into  the  Hook.  Got,  on  soundings,  28  fathoms  water. 
Lat.  39°  41'. 

The  Welcome  Jersey  Shore 

"17- — This  morning  saw  two  schooners  and  three  brigs  to 
the  windward.  Wind  again  shifted  to  the  N.  E.  At  4  o'clock 
P.  M.  a  sailor  from  the  masthead  cried  out  'LAND!'  which, 
upon  a  nearer  approach,  proved  to  be  Little  Egg  Harbor  on  the 
Jersey  shore ;  a  sight  very  welcome  and  agreeable  to  me,  being 
my  native  shore,  and  I  have  reason  to  believe  all  the  crew  rel- 
ished the  prospect. 

"18. — Drove  last  night  out  of  sight  of  land,  and  at  8  this 
morning  were  in  a  dead  calm.  We  once  more  came  under  al- 
lowance of  biscuit  and  water. 

"19- — This  morning  we,  with  pleasure,  saw  the  high  lands 
of  Neversink.  Having  a  gentle  breeze  at  10  o'clock,  came  up 
nearly  to  the  light  house  at  Sandy  Hook,  where  we  got  a  pilot 
on  board,  the  tide  being  favorable.  We,  at  2  o'clock  P.  'M., 
anchored  safely  on  the  quarantine  ground  oft'  Staten  Island. 
The  physician  came  on  board  shortly  after,  and  pronounced  us 
healthy;  accordingly  gave  permission  to  go  into  New  York, 
which  we  did  at  4  o'clock  P.  M.  With  infinite  pleasure  I  put 
niy  feet  on  shore.    Took  lodgings  at  37  Dey  St. 


134  Proceedings  Neiv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

"20. — Saw  at  the  Coffee  House  Capt.  Brasier  of  the  ship 
'Peggy'  from  Havana,  who  informed  me  the  ship  'Ocean'  had 
arrived  at  the  Havana  safe,  and  that  they  had  sold  their  flour 
for  $18,  purchased  sugars  at  $6.25  and  wer6  to  come  in  the 
same  ship  to  New  York.  Brother  Sammy  and  all  the  crew 
were  well. 

[To  be  Continued] 

(^%  t^w  t^*  t^^ 

THE  CONDICT  REVOLUTIONARY  RECORD 
ABSTRACTS 

[Continued  from  Page  32] 

Record  of  Peter  Hendrickson 
Peter  Hendrickson  :  Was  born  in  Hunterdon  co.,  four  miles 
from  Asbury,  about  1760- '61  ;  precise  time  not  known.  Wife 
is  four  years  younger,  and  was  born  in  1765.  Lived  with 
father  until  after  W^ar ;  removed  to  Sussex  co.,  at  close  of  War, 
with  father.  Lived  there  8  years ;  then  lived  in  New  York  City 
22  years;  then  removed  to  where  he  now  lives,  near  Logans- 
ville,  Morris  co.  First  duty  at  Pompton,  under  Capt.  Albert 
Opdike.  Second  Tour  at  Vealtown,  one  month,  under  Opdikc. 
In  May  or  June,  1778,  out  under  Capt.  Francis  Crane;  near 
Trenton  two  weeks,  then  marched  to  Englishtown,  Monmouth 
Court  House  and  in  battle  a  little  while  in  the  morning;  then 
was  ordered  on  guard  to  baggage  wagons.  Beavers  was  Colonel. 
Was  at  Succasunna  Plains  one  month,  Capt.  Duryee ;  one 
month  at  Scotch  Plains ;  another  month  at  Scotch  Plains  where 
two  refugees  were  hanged.  Did  duty  under  Winds  at  Ver- 
meule's. 

Note  as  to  Thomas  Larrison 
A  note  here  states  that  Thomas  Larrison,  soldier,  who  died 
in  1834,  had  children  living  in  Ohio,  viz. :   Sylvester  at  Martins- 
burg  ;  James  in  Licking  co. ;  Mahlon,  probably  in  Knox  co. ; 
Mary  Stimson,  in  Knox  co. 

Record  of  John  Hall 
John  Hall  (Nov.  6,  1834):     Now  living  in  Somerset  co.  r 
has  lived  several  years  in  Benton,  Yates  co.,  N.  Y. ;  went  there 
40  years  ago  (1794).     W^as  born  in  Bernards  twsp.,  Somerset 


The  Condict  Revolutionary  Record  Abstracts  135 

CO.,  June  18  (O.  S.),  1752.  In  1776  belonged  to  Capt.  Mc- 
Coy's Company.  First  Tour  in  June,  when  alarm  given  of 
British  arriving  in  New  York ;  stationed  near  Bryantown.  Jacob 
Ford  and  Col.  Quick  commanded  the  Regiments,  one  from 
Morris,  one  from  Somerset.  Saw  the  British  fleets  come  in 
the  bay;  troops  v/ere  landed  on  Staten  Island.  Was  on  top  of 
Patrick  Dennis's  house  in  the  city  with  a  spyglass  watching  the 
enemy.  Then  was  one  night  at  Newark;  moved  to  Bergen 
^  till  after  the  4th,  and  returned  home  last  of  July.    Was  home 

[  3  o^"  4  days  when  drafted,  with  about  one-fourth  of  Co..  on 

\  second  Tour,  the  Captain  going  with  his  men.    William  Darison 

i  was  1st  Lieut..  John  Boylan  2nd  Lieut.,  George  Grant  Ensign. 

)  Then  one  month  at  Newark  on  guard  duty.     James  Linn  was 

;  Major.     Quartered  at  John  Crane's  house  on  the  hill;  Capt. 

j  McCoy  quartered  at  Bank's.     Company  then  dismissed,  except 

i  those  hiring  as  substitutes.     I  hired  in  place  of  my  brother, 

i  Richard    Hall.      This    third    Tour   was   under    Capt.    William 

I  Logan.     From  Newark  moved  to  Aquackanonk,  where  lay  a 

I  month  in  September.     Then  staid  as  substitute  for  brother, 

I  Jacob  Hall,  under  Capt.  Nathaniel  Porter,  at  Newark,  Eliza- 

I  bethtown  Point  and  Rahway ;  time  expired  last  of  October,  was 

i  at  home  two  or  three  nights  when  alarm  given  that  British 

I  were  overrunning  New  Jersey,  and  was  ordered  out  with  whole 

I  Company  in  November.     Went  to  Springfield,  Scotch  Plains, 

;  Quibbletown,   Vermeule's   and   near   Bound   Brook,   guarding 

roads  and  passes.  Was  out  till  Lee  was  taken  prisoner  near 
Basking  Ridge;  was  then  below  Pluckemin.  Staid  2  months 
till  Hessians  were  taken  and  Princeton  battle  fought.  Then 
was  dismissed  and  remained  home  not  over  10  days,  when  or- 
dered with  a  large  body  of  militia  to  Vermeule's.  where  on 
guard  duty  under  McCoy  and  Gen.  Winds.  Had  some  fighting 
at  Short  Hills,  Ash  Swamp  (where  Nathaniel  Lyons  was  killed 
and  also  Robert  Downer;  and  Major  Cook  wounded),  and 
Martine  Wood.  Continued  on  this  station  all  winter  till  April ; 
then  was  ordered  by  Capt.  McCoy  as  express  [rider]  to  carry 
an  order  from  Q.  M.  Haines  to  Major  Abram  B.  Sherrerd,  at 
Moraira  Town,  Sussex  co.,  who  had  charge  of  Continental 
horses  of  U.  S.,  to  have  them  shod  in  readiness  for  army  ser- 


136  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

vice.  Had  them  shod  and,  with  others,  brought  15  horses  to 
Morristovvn.  About  last  of  May,  1777,  went  on  same  errand 
again,  and  carried  an  order  from  Col.  Dunham  to  Col.  Hoops  of 
Sussex  for  flour,  and  8  or  10  teams  brought  the  flour  to  Morris- 
town. 

Next  Tour  was  at  Elizabethtown  Point,  on  guard ;  quartered 
at  Milton's  towards  Rahway;  McCoy,  Captain.  Whole  Regi- 
ment of  militia  out  under  Col.  Taylor.  Was  out  a  month  in 
September ;  at  home  three  months ;  out  again  in  December  at 
Elizabethtown  at  Widow  Graham's;  discharged  in  January. 
In  March,  1778,  out  under  McCoy  a  month  at  Rahway,  watch- 
ing refugees,  Jacques,  or  Drake,  the  Colonel.  In  August  out 
a  month  under  Capt.  John  Parker  of  Vealtown,  at  Elizabeth- 
town,  at  Milton's  house,  guard  duty ;  one  month  near  Acquacka- 
nonk  and  Second  River,  under  Capt.  McCoy  and  General 
Winds  and  Frelinghuysen.  In  Dec,  1778,  was  inoculated  for 
smallpox.  In  Spring  following  out  under  McCoy  at  Rahway 
under  Col.  Frelinghuysen.  In  Fall  (1779)  served  one  month 
under  Parker  at  Newark  (Hays,  the  Major,  and  Matthias 
Ward,  the  Colonel)  at  Canfield's  house.  In  Feb.,  1780,  another 
month,  watching  refugees ;  in  the  Spring  near  Springfield,  but 
not  at  the  battle,  but  in  all  over  2  years ;  cannot  remember  the 
other  Tours. 

Record  of  John  A.  Hight 

John  A.  Hight  (Nov.  17,  1834)  :  Was  a  Sergeant,  regularly 
appointed  in  1776  by  his  Company.  First  Tour  in  Gordon's 
Co.,  Dec,  1775.  Crossed  from  New  York  at  Hell  Gate  to 
Jamaica,  Hempstead,  and  to  edge  of  Suffolk  co.,  disarming 
Tories ;  brought  off  swords,  guns,  etc. ;  returned  home,  same 
route,  in  January,  through  snow  and  severe  storms.  Steamers 
"Asia"  and  "Phoenix"  lay  in  the  river.  Gen.  Hurd  commanded. 
Second  Tour  under  Schenck,  who  preceded  Capt.  Gordon  and 
had  raised  a  Company  of  5  months  men ;  out  2  months  till 
August,  one  month  for  self  and  one  month  for  David  Hight. 
Home  a  week  or  two ;  then  ordered  out  under  Schenck ;  served 
another  month  for  David  under  Longstreet.  Latter  advised 
him  to  go  home  in  a  Suttler's  wagon ;  was  sick  all  Winter ;  out 
again  in  April  at  Amboy,  "Blazing  Star,"  Woodbridge,  Rah- 


The  Condict  Revolutionary  Record  Abstracts  12)7 

way  and  along  shore  opposite.    Col.  Jacob  Heyer,  Major  Duy- 
chink  and  Gen.  Dickinson  commanded. 

In  June,  1778,  was  in  Monmouth  Battle.     Before  that  went 
towards  Philadelphia  by  Mt.  Holly;  was  in  skirmish  at  Cross- 
wicks'  Bridge ;  out  two  months  on  this  Tour.    Richard  Runyon 
■  was  on  this  Tour ;  Col.   Scudder  commanded  the  Middlesex 

militia.     In  1779  and  '80  was  out  each  year,  at  Princeton,  at 
"  Amboy  guarding  Court  and  along  Sound.     Schenck  the  Cap- 

tain for  most  part.     Was  in  skirmish  at  Connecticut  Farms 
when  Mrs.  Caldwell  was  killed;  at  Newark  i   or  2  months, 
,  Elizabethtown  3  or  4  months.    Kept  guard  at  Princeton  several 

^  months.     Served   iS^.-^  months  as  Sergeant  and   i   month  as 

\  private. 

j  Hugh  Run  yon,  Richard  Runyon  and  Edzvard  Howell  cor- 

j  roborates   Hight,    whose   residence   was   Jersey,    Steuben   co., 

I  N.  Y.   [Residence  when  in  New  Jersey  during  War  not  stated]. 

'  Record  of  Brown  Brookfield 

j  Brown  Brookfield:  Was  born  Mar.  5,  1760,  at  Rahway.   On 

I  Mar,  I,  1777,  was  drafted  into  Capt.  Moses  Jaques  Co.,  Lieut. 

i  Amos  Moore,  Ensign  David  Rose,  Col.  Samuel  Potter;  duty 

j  was  patrol  and  guard  between  Rahway  and  Amboy,  where  Brit- 

1  ish  lay;  out  one  month.     In  October  same  duty,  at  Trembly's 

Point.    Then  served  one  month,  Feb.,  1778,  to  prevent  Tories 

from  driving  oxen  and  trading  with  British ;  one  month  under 

Capt.  Winans  at  Mussa  (?)  Mills;  one  month  in  April,  1779, 

at  Elizabeth  Town  under  Capt.  Moore;  one  month,  June,  by 

draft  under  Capt.  Benjamin  Winans  at  Murres  (?)  Mills;  one 

month,  August,  under  Major  Hays  at  Elizabeth  Town,  thinks 

under  Capt.  Chandler ;  one  month  under  Col.  Frelinghuysen 

and  Capt.  Morse  at  Trembly's  Point  in  October,  when  a  strong 

body  of  British  came  up  to  Connecticut  Farms  and  returned  to 

New  York  by  way  of  English  Neighborhood ;  one  month  in 

November  under  Capt.  C.  Williams  ;  in  April,  1780,  under  Capt. 

Morse;  in  June,  as  volunteer,  on  alarm  one  week  when  the 

Farms  was  burnt,  under  Col.  Crane,  Gen.  Heard ;  was  at  the 

house  where  ]\Irs.  Caldwell  was  shot  by  a  soldier  under  Knip- 

hausen  and  was  engaged  in  a  skirmish  near  Springheld  when 

I  fired  a  dozen  rounds.  Was  at  home  when  a  party  of  the  enemy 


\ 

138  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  i 

\ 
came  over  at  Trembly's  Point,  surrounded  the  house  (the  father  j 

and  family  escaping  by  the  back  door),  pillaged  the  coimtry  \ 

and  went  back  by  way  of  the  "Blazing  Star."   In  August,  1780,.  I 

served  under  Capt.  Williams;  in  October  under  Capt.  Chandler.  1 

Living  near  the  enemy,  was  out  as  a  minute  man  one-half  the  ] 

time  from  1778  to  1781,  upon  continual  alarms,  often  without  ^ 

officers.    Remember  after  seeing  Generals  Washington,  Dayton,.  ] 

Putnam,  Maxwell,  Winds.    Father  then  removed  to  the  moun-  | 

tains  in  Essex  county.  1 

Record  of  Samuel  Reynolds  ; 

Samuel  Reynolds:     Volunteered  in   1780  in  Capt.  Aiken's  ' 

Co.,  Col.  Cooper's  Regiment,  for  express  purpose  of  allowing 
father  to  remain  home,  he  being  upwards  of  80,  and,  though  not 
compelled  to  do  militia  duty,  he  would  go  to  defend  his  country. 
Three  brothers,  two  older  than  myself,  was  also  out  in  militia 
service.  Principal  duty  was  to  guard  shores  of  Hudson  and 
Orange  counties  and  was  performed  day  and  night.  Was 
usually  home  once  a  week  to  change  clothes,  returning  back 
same  day.  Always  served  in  Aiken's  Co. ;  headquarters  at 
Nyack,  Tappan,  Haverstraw,  where  whole  Regiment  was  some- 
times assembled.  Company  consisted  of  200,  or  nearly,  and 
when  on  duty  was  divided  into  squads  of  12  to  15,  20  or  25, 
and  stationed  under  an  Ensign,  Lieut,  or  Sergeant  to  guard 
the  river  shore  from  plundering  and  trading  parties.  .  .  . 
Never  received  pay  even  in  Continental  money.  .  .  .  Three 
guns  from  an  alarm  post  was  a  signal  for  all  to  assemble.  In 
Winter  (i7Si-'82),  a  party  of  Refugees  attacked  Col.  Cooper's 
house  at  dusk,  burst  open  the  upper  door  and  fired  five  guns 
into  the  house.  A  Continental  officer,  Post,  and  his  guard  of 
five  men  were  at  Cooper's ;  one  had  three  balls  through  his 
breast  and  was  killed ;  another,  shot  through  the  shoulder,  re- 
covered. Our  Co.  pursued  them  to  Hackensack  but  did  not 
overtake  them.  Some  neighbors  had  their  teams  and  drivers 
taken  ofif;  we  recovered  all  four  teams  near  Hackensack,  and 
brought  back  the  horses  and  one  driver,  who,  in  attempting  to 
escape  from  the  Refugees,  had  been  shot  through  the  thigh,  and 
afterward  died  from  mortification  of  the  wound. 

In  Spring  of  '82  was  again  out  as  volunteer  under  Aiken; 


The  Condict  Revolutionary  Record  Abstracts  139 

served  till  Fall.    Duty  was  performed  six  weeks  in  1780,  seven 
months  in  1781,  six  months  in  1782.     Removed  from  Orange 
(county?)  to  Somerset  county  45  years  ago  (1790). 
Record  of  Samuel  Shipman 

Samuel  Shipman :  Enlisted  in  Capt.  Brittin's  Co.  for  3 
months  at  Chatham  Jan.  i  immediately  following  the  retreat 
through  the  "J^^-'^cy  mnd  rounds"  (year  not  remembered)  ;  and 
previously  was  out  on  militia  duty,  and  retreated  with  Wash- 
ington's army  from  New  Brunswick  to  Bound  Brook,  Plucke- 
min,  Vealtown  and  Morristown  to  Chatham.  Barney  Adams, 
Farry  Price  and  Aaron  Ball  (he  is  still  living)  were  neighbors 
and  enlisted  in  same  Company.  Thinks  he  joined  Clark's  At- 
tillery  Co.  of  militia  immediately  on  being  discharged  from 
Brittin's  Co. ;  this  was  the  same  which  Capt.  Eliakim  Little 
afterwards  commanded.  Often  was  substitute  for  his  father. 
Record  of  Abraham  Westbrook 

Abraham  JVcstbrook,  of  Montague  twsp.,  Sussex  county. 
Enlisted  in  cold  weather.  Capt.  Edsall  was  expected  to  com- 
mand the  Co.,  but  believe  he  never  had  command.  Capt.  Harker 
was  always  present  with  me  on  duty.  Enlistment  was  for  one 
year  but  discharge  took  place  in  the  Winter  or  late  in  the  Fall. 
The  Indians  were  troublesome  only  in  the  warm  seasons  and  the 
corps  had  been  raised  to  guard  against  their  depredations.  W' as 
73  on  Mar.  7th  last  (1835)  by  Bible  record.  The  10  months 
service  was  on  the  Delaware  exclusively.  Sergeant  David 
Silsbury  was  in  the  same  Co.  as  Sergeant :  he  is  now  a  pen- 
sioner. Helm  is  pensioned  in  another  Company.  Nathan 
Spencer,  of  Raskin's  Co.,  in  same  service,  is  pensioned. 
Record  of  Capt.  Stepiiex  Baldwin 

Jonathan  Morgan :  Knew  Baldwin  well  at  beginning  of 
War ;  he  lived  at  Parsippany,  was  a  farmer  there  and  com- 
manded a  militia  company.  Saw  him  often  parade  his  men  and 
exercise  his  Co.  at  Parsippany ;  saw  him  on  duty  at  Elizabeth 
Town,  commanding  his  Co.  Thomas  Cobb,  John  Ball,  Na- 
thaniel Halsey,  Richard  Smith,  all  knew  him.  [Above  appears 
to  be  only  substantiating  testimony  to  a  previous  statement,  not 
found]. 


140  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Record  of  Daniel  Swayze 
Robert  Young:     Was  well  acquainted  with  Swayze;  were  j 

boys  of  an  age ;  often  saw  him  in  service  at  time  he  states,  at  ] 

Elizabeth  Town,  Rahway,  Springfield,  Vermeule's,  Amboy  and  i 

Brunswick.    Was  not  in  same  Co.  but  under  same  Colonel  and  } 

General.     Saw  him  more  or  less  every  year  of  the  War;  [he]  j 

was  at  Aquackanonk  under  Winds  when  Ball  was  shot.  Re- 
member Luce  running  away  from  Bonhamtown  skirmish  and 
Winds  calling  him  back. 

[To  be  Continued] 

THE  PREAKNESS  VALLEY  SETTLEMENT  AND 
THE  DEY  MANSION 

BY  JOHN  NEAFIE,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

The  EXCELLENT  article  in  the  last  October  Proceedings  (p. 
217)  can  be  amplified  somewhat,  and  a  few  corrections  made, 
from  a  close  investigation  of  the  subject  recently  undertaken. 
First,  as  to  the  corrections : 

It  is  said  in  the  article  that  "Jacob  Berdan,  a  Hollander 
.  .  .  .  is  reputed  to  have  been  the  first  settler"  at  Preak- 
ness,  "in  17 15."  It  was  Jan  Berdan  who,  in  November,  1720, 
purchased  land  there,  but  he  was  not  the  first  settler.  The 
actual  earliest  settlers  were  David  Danielson  Hennion,  Johannes 
Doremus  and  Derrick  Dey,^  and,  possibly,  some  of  the  Garret- 
son  family,  who  owned  Preakness  property  as  early  as  October, 
1719. 

Anthony  Dey  was  not  a  "General,"  but  his  father,  Richard, 
was  the  General  of  militia.  The  Col.  Theunis  Dey,  stated  to  be 
in  the  N.  J.  Assembly  "1776  and  1783,"  was  there  as  early  as 
1761. 

The  Deys  did  not  remove  to  New  York  City  "about  1800." 
The  Dey  Mansion  was  sold  by  Gen.  Richard  Dey  in  1801,  and 


rrhat  Derrick  Dey  was  at  Preakness  as  early  as  August  14.  1715.  is 
shown  by  the  record  of  a  commission  to  him  as  Ensign  in  the  "Foot 
Company,  Precinct  of  Saddle  River,  Bergen  Co.,"  under  command  of 
Col.  John  Johnston,  with  Capt.  George  Ryerson,  Jr..  as  Captain  and 
Lucas  Kierstead  as  Lieutenant.  (Lib.  A.'V>\  Comms.,  Sec.  State's  office, 
Trenton). 


The  Preakness  Valley  Settlement  and  the  Dey  Mansion  141 

he  then  removed  to  a  new  stone  house  built  by  him  at  Little 
Falls,  Bergen  county  side,  opposite  to  what  is  now  the  Beattie 
Carpet  Mills.  Here  he  resided  until  his  death,  October  6, 
181 1  (not  1812).  This  house  was  burned  down  in  1848,  and 
was  then  occupied  by  a  Mr.  Ogden  Hall. 

Thomas  Dey  is  spoken  of  as  "probably  a  son  of  Theunis." 
He  was  a  son  of  the  Derrick  Dey  of  Two  Bridges,  who  mar- 
ried Sarah  Toers  December  11,  1736.  Thomas  was  bom  De- 
cember 8,  1747,  and  married,  about  1768,  Abigail  Lewis.  It 
has  not  been  ascertained  just  what  the  exact  relationship  was 
between  the  Derrick  Dey  who  married  Jane  Elanchard  Decem- 
ber 16,  1725,  and  who  built  the  Dey  Mansion  at  Preakness 
about  1740,  and  the  Derrick  Dey  of  Two  Bridges,  Morris 
County  side,  only  a  few  miles  away  and  who  purchased  land 
there  in  1730.  The  house  of  the  last  named  Derrick  Dey  was 
burned  about  1846  or  1847  ^^^  "o^  J"  1842. 

The  list  of  Generals  known  to  have  been  in  the  Dey  Mansion 
in  1780,  when  General  Washington  had  Headquarters  there 
(as  given  by  the  Editor  on  p.  257  of  the  October,  1921,  Pro- 
ceedings) can  be  extended  to  include  Major-Generals  Robert 
Howe,  Samuel  H.  Parsons  and  Benedict  Arnold;  also  Briga- 
dier-Generals John  Paterson,  Alexander  Scammell,  Nathaniel 
Peabody,  William  Irvine,  John  Stark,  Enoch  Poor,  James 
Clinton  and  Edward  Hand ;  also  Colonels  Thomas  Proctor, 
Josiah  Warner,  Clement  Biddle  and  Samuel  B.  Webb. 

On  April  13,  1780,  the  Continental  Congress  appointed  a 
"Committee  of  Cooperation  at  Headquarters,"  composed  of 
Major-Gen.  Philip  Schuyler  of  New  York,  John  Matthews  of 
South  Carolina  (afterwards  Governor)  and  Brig.-Gen.  Na- 
thaniel Peabody  of  New  Hampshire.  This  Committee  made 
numerous  reports  to  Congress  until  its  final  report  in  November, 
1780.  During  the  period  Washington  was  at  Headquarters  at 
Preakness  the  Committee  was  stationed  at  the  Dey  house. 

The  unsuccessful  expedition  of  Gen.  Wayne  with  a  Penn- 
sylvania Brigade  to  capture  the  Block  House  at  Bull's  Ferry, 
Bergen  county  (on  the  North  River,  opposite  present  West  80th 
Street,  New  York  City)  was  arranged  July  21,  1780,  at  the 
"Headquarters"  in  Preakness.  This  attack  caused  Major  John 
Andre  to  write  his  satirical  poem  on  the  "Cow  Chase." 


142-  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

One  of  the  important  matters  heretofore  overlooked  by  all 
who  have  written  of  the  Dey  Mansion  is  that  Benedict  Arnold 
twice  visited  the  house  in  July,  1780.  He  left  Philadelphia, 
ostensibly,  to  transact  some  private  business  in  Connecticut. 
and  on  the  way  called  on  the  Commander-in-Chief  at  "Head- 
quarters" to  "pay  his  respects."  On  his  return  he  again  called 
there  and  broached  the  subject  of  obtaining  command  of  West 
Point.  A  third  time  he  essayed  to  see  Washington  at  Preak- 
ness,  but  the  army  had  left  New  Jersey  and  were  then  crossing 
the  Hudson  river.  On  August  3  he  obtained  the  command 
desired  from  Gen.  W^ashington  (who  had  made  his  Headquar- 
ters at  the  Birdsall  house,  Peekskill.  from  Aug.  1  to  5),  which 
he  held  until  Sept.  25,  when  his  treason  was  discovered. 
(Spark's  "Amer.  Biog.,"  Vol.  3,  pp.  1^6- j;  Lossing's  "Field 
Book,"  Vol.  2,  p.  145).  On  August  5.  1780,  Arnold  sent  a 
letter  to  "Col.  Richard  Varick  at  Colonel  Dey's,  Parakanis," 
inviting  him  to  become  one  of  his  (Arnold's)  secretaries. 
Varick  sent  his  acceptance,  dated  Hackensack,  August  7.  The 
unsuccessful  attempt  to  capture  Arnold  in  New  York  by  the 
desertion  of  Sergeant  John  Champe,  on  Oct.  20,  1780,  was  plan- 
ned by  Washington  with  ]Major  Henry  Lee  in  the  Dey  house. 
(Lossing's  "Field  Book,"  Vol.  2,  p.  207), 

On  Oct.  18,  1780,  Washington  issued  a  circular  to  the  various 
States,  showing  the  critical  condition  of  the  army.  A  facsimile 
of  this  letter,  headed  "Headquarters,  near  Passaic,"  is  printed 
in  Avery's  "Hist,  of  the  U.  S.,"  Vol.  6,  pp.  254-'5.  On  Oct.  22 
he  appointed  Major-Gen.  Nathaniel  Greene  to  command  the 
Southern  Army,  superseding  Major-Gen.  Gates,  who  had  made 
a  failure  of  his  campaign.  This  was  headed,  "Headquarters, 
Passaic  Falls."    Both,  no  doubt,  emanated  from  the  Dey  house. 

Washington's  letters  from  the  Dey  IMansion  were  headed  in 
these  various  ways :  "Col.  Dey's  House,"  "Col.  Dey's," 
"Preakness,"  "Passaic  Falls,"  "Near  Passaic,"  "Near  Passaic 
Falls,"  "Bergen  County,"  and  plain  "Headquarters." 

The  following  letter  in  my  possession,  which  has  not  been 
published,  shows  that  in  July,  1780,  the  Committee  of  Congress 
was  at  "Headquarters"  in  Prcakness : 


The  "Washmgion  Headquarters"  in  Montclair         143 

"Preakness,  July  11,  1780. 
"Sir:     I  am  directed  by  the  Committee  of  Congress  to  re- 
quest you  will  procure  and  forward,  for  their  use,  as  soon  as 
possible,  three  or  four  gallons  of  the  best  ascid.    I  am,  Sir, 

Your  Most  Obedient  Serv't 
"Colo.  Blaine.  Benjamin  Brown,  D't  Sec'y." 

The  direction  on  the  outside  reads  : 

"Colo.  Ephraim  Blaine,  C.  Gen'l  Purchases,  Philadelphia." 
"Free 
Ph.  Schuyler." 

Colonel  Blaine  was  the  great-grandfather  of  the  late  Hon. 
James  G.  Blains,  of  Maine,  and  Gen.  Schuyler,  who  franked 
the  letter,  is,  of  course,  well  known. 

4^  t^  t5*  t5* 

THE  "WASHINGTON   HEADQUARTERS"   IN 
MONTCLAIR 

BY    MAJOR  W.  I.   LINCOLN   ADAMS,   MONTCLAIR,   N.   J. 

The  interesting  paper  on  the  Preakness  Valley  in  the  Octo- 
ber, 1921,  number  of  the  Proceedings  by  Mr.  Folsom,  with  its 
special  reference  to  the  old  Dey  Mansion,  once  used  as  a  "Head- 
quarters" by  General  Washington,  has  reminded  me  of  another 
Headquarters  of  the  Commander-in-Chief  in  New  Jersey, 
which  not  only  fell  into  rather  bad  repair,  similar  to  the  present 
condition  of  the  Preakness  Headquarters,  but  was  unfortunate- 
ly actually  razed  to  the  ground  some  years  ago  to  make  space 
for  a  modern  dwelling.  I  refer  to  the  old  Crane  Homestead, 
which  stood  for  many  years,  with  its  picturesque  well-sweep 
nearby,  at  the  intersection  of  Valley  Road,  and  Clairmont  Ave- 
nue (in  the  "Old  Road,"  as  it  was  called  in  my  boyhood)  in 
Montclair. 

This  fine  old  stone  Colonial  homestead  was  said  to  have  been 
built  by  Nathaniel  Crane  about  1700.  or  a  little  later,  and  was 
for  a  time,  in  the  Colonial  period  and  during  the  Revolutionary 
War,  used  as  a  public  house.  It  was  the  most  commodious 
dwelling  in  the  old  settlement  of  Cranetown  (as  ;Montclair  was 
then  called)  and  was,  moreover,  situated  at  the  crossroads  of 
the  two  principal  Colonial  highways.     Nathaniel  Crane  was  a 


144  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  | 

grandson  of  both  Joseph  Crane.  St.,  and  Robert  Treat.     He  1 

was  born  about  1680  and  married  Elizabeth  Gibson,  by  whom  | 

he  had  six  children.     He  first  settled  "near  a  spring,"  which  \ 

was  not  far  from  the  present  D.  L.  &  W.  R.  R.  Station  in  i 

Montclair.     Later,  he,  or  his  son,  William,  built  the  old  stone  i 

Crane   Mansion   on  Valley  Road.     Nathaniel  was   a   son   of  • 

"Deacon"  Azariah  Crane  and  Mary  Treat.  This  xA.zariah  Crane, 
and  his  brother,  Jasper  Crane,  Jr.,  both  moved  out  from  New- 
ark to  that  part  of  "the  Mountains,"  then  called  "Cranetown," 
about  1680  to  1690,  and  were  the  original  settlers  of  what  is 
now  Montclair.  They  were  both  sons  of  Jasper  Crane,  Sr., 
who  was  one  of  the  original  settlers  of  the  New  Haven  Colony 
(June  4,  1639),  and,  with  Robert  Treat,  led  the  colonists  to 
Newark,  where  he  headed  the  list  of  signers  and  church  mem- 
bers of  the  First  Church  of  Newark,  June  20,  1667. 

It  was,  therefore,  most  natural  for  General  Washington  to 
select  the  Crane  house  as  a  Headquarters  in  the  fall  of  1780, 
when  he  was  with  his  troops  in  the  neighborhood.  General 
Lafayette  was  there  with  him  for  part  oT  the  time  between  the 
last  of  October  and  the  middle  of  November  that  year  (1780). 

The  last  Crane  to  own  the  old  homestead  in  Alontclair  was 
my  life-long  friend  and  schoolmate,  Alfred  J.  Crane,  now  of 
Monroe,  N.  Y.,  who  was  seventh  in  direct  line  of  descent  from 
Jasper  Crane,  Sr..  and  who,  like  his  father,  grandfather,  and 
great-grandfather,  was  born  in  the  old  Crane  mansion.  He 
had  heard  from  his  elders,  when  a  boy,  the  traditions  concern- 
ing the  old  house;  and  many  were  the  times  we  talked  them 
over  together.  The  docimientary  evidence  of  these  interesting 
historical  events,  however,  were  just  brought  to  our  attention 
in  1894,  when  a  chapter  (VH)  in  the  History  of  Montclair 
(compiled  by  Henry  Whittemore  and  edited  by  the  writer  of 
this  article),  entitled  "Cranetown  during  the  Revolutionary 
War,"  was  contributed  by  the  Rev.  Oliver  Crane,  D.  D.,  LL.D., 
which  quoted  orders  of  General  Washington  dated  at  "Crane- 
town"  or  "Crane's  Gap,"  and  messages  of  General  Lafayette  ' 
addressed  to  him  at  the  same  place. 

These  military  communications  were  first  printed,  I  think,  in 
"General  Washington's  Revolutionary  Orders,"  issued  during 
the  years  1778-1782,  and  edited  by  Lt.  Col.  Henry  Whiting,  U. 


Americans  at  the  Second  Baffle  of  the  Manic         145 

S.  A.,  New  York  (1844),  and  in  the  "Memoirs  of  Lafayette" 
by  his  son,  George  Washington  Lafayette,  pubHshed  in  EngHsh 
in  New  York  (1S37).  In  the  f^rst  volume  of  the  latter  work, 
on  pages  481-2,  appears  a  letter  by  General  Lafayette  to  the 
Commander-in-Chief,  dated  at  Elizabethtown,  October  26,  1780, 
addressed  to  him  at  "our  position  of  Crane'stown,"  and  'in  the 
former  volume  appears  an  order  by  General  Washington,  dated 
October  2^,  1780,  in  which  he  directs  certain  troops  "to  take 
post  on  the  most  convenient  ground,  to  the  Cranetown  Gap 
and  the  Notch,"  thus  again  fixing  ihe  time  and  place  of  his 
temporary  Headquarters. 

To  those  who  are  interested  I  venture  to  urge  that  they  will 
read  this  entire  interesting  historical  contribution  by  the  late 
Rev.  Dr.  Oliver  Crane  in  the  "History  of  Montclair"  above 
referred  to,  as  those  and  other  military  orders  and  messages  are 
quoted  in  full  and  the  significant  circumstances  prevailing  at 
the  time  are  described  in  detail. 

At  the  time  when  General  Washington  was  occupying  the 
old  Crane  Mansion  as  a  Headquarters,  William  Crane,  the 
owner,  who  was  then  about  sixty  years  old,  and  certainly  four, 
if  not  five,  of  his  sons,  were  performing  active  military  duty  in 
Washington's  Army. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  important  Dey  INLmsion  at  Preak- 
ness  has  fallen  into  hands  which  do  not  keep  it  in  adequate  re- 
pair, and  that  the  more  temporary  Headquarters  of  Washington 
which  stood  for  so  many  years  in  Montclair  no  longer  exists, 
it  seems  timely  to  suggest  that  other  similar  historic  landmarks 
in  New  Jersey  should  be  acquired  by  those  who  are  sufficiently 
interested  to  properly  maintain  and  preserve  them,  before  it  is 
too  late. 

^     ^     ^     ^ 

AMERICANS  AT  THE  SECOND  BATTLE  OF  THE 

MARNE 

FROM   AN    EYE-WITNESS  ACCOUNT  OF  A   GERMAN   OFFICER 

The  following  eye-witness  account,  by  a  German  Officer,  of 
that  part  of  the  second  Battle  of  the  ALarne  in  which  he  per- 
sonally participated,   was   obtained,  with   some  other   similar 


10 


146  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

papers  of  German  origin,  and  sent  to  Major  W.  I.  Lincoln 
Adams,  of  Alontclair,  by  a  young  relative  of  his,  who  is  In- 
telligence Officer,  now  stationed  with  our  military  forces  on 
the  Rhine.  The  narrative  describes,  from  the  German  point  of 
view,  of  course,  the  first  appearance  of  our  soldiers  in  action 
in  the  Great  War,  and  is  of  particular  interest  because  it  gives 
an  apparently  sincere  and  truthful  account  of  the  impression 
the  American  soldiers  made  upon  their  German  adversaries. 

The  account  begins  with  a  graphic  description  of  the  advance 
to  the  River  Marne,  and  then  proceeds  as  follows : 

"We  cross  the  river  comparatively  quickly.    We  look  at  our 
watches  :  Tor  heaven's  sake,  the  barrage  is  already  advancing!' 
l^orm  ranks!'    New  objectives  are  given  the  companies,  since 
everythmg  has  turned  out  differently  than  was  planned. 

'The  railway  is  crossed,  the  station  of  Varennes  taken  after 
a  short  combat,  across  the   Moulins-Varennes  road— we  are 
already  1000  meters  south  of  the  Marne— and  up  the  southern 
slope  of  the  valley.    Sharp  firing  and  cries  come  from  the  right 
Jn  the  early  fog,  raiding  parties  in  brown  uniforms  are  seen 
advancmg   through   the   high   cornfields,— Americans '      They 
stand  still  now  and  then,  and  fire.    Our  soldiers  run  toward  the 
rear.    The  situation  is  extremely  critical.    Where  are  our  neioh- 
bors,  the  6th  Grenadiers  ?    Their  attack  must  have  failed.   dScs 
the  artillery  see  nothing?     They  are  continuing  their  rolling 
fire   according  to  plans.'    That  lasts  until  1 1  A.  M  ,  and  theS 
they  are  ready  for  other  tasks.     But  even  then  thev  probably 
would  not  have  been  able  to  accomplish  them,  because  the  ob- 
servation of  the  battle  is  very  difficult;  the  mist  on  the  ground 
renders  the  view  indistinct ;  the  corn  is  high ;  movements  are 
made  invisible  by  the  numerous   small  woods  and  orchards 
1  he  leaders  of  the  2nd  and  Fusilier  Battalions,  Captains  von 
l^lehwe  and  Lben,  who  are  at  the  front  of  their  companies  rec- 
ognize that  there  is  grave  danger  in   delay.     Evervone'who 
knows  how  to  shoot  turns  toward  the  rvj^ht  flank  of  the  enemy 
We  must  admit  that   he   is   tremendously  courageous.     Only 
after  the  hail  of  the  machine  guns  and  the  desperate  firincr  of 
the  infantry  have  reaped  a  bloody  harvest  in  his  ranks  does  he 
come  to  a  standstill.     We  feel  relieved.     But  everyone  renhzes 
that  our  own  attack  has  failed.    We  must  see  that  we  hold  the 
positions  gamed  with  our  weak  forces,  numerically  inferior 
to  the  enemy, 

"The  railway  seems  well-adapted  for  defense.     It  is  some- 
what elevated  and  also  affords  shelter  against  fire,  but,  on  the 


;  Americans  at  the  Second  Battle  of  the  Marne         147 

other  hand,  it  is  naturally  a  good  target  for  the  enemy's  ar- 
!  tillery.     The  units   farthest  advanced  are  methodically  with- 

■  drawn  to  this  point.     The  right   flank,   which  is   exposed,   is 

strongly  protected.     Connection  with  the  neighbor  on  our  left 
;'.  is  established  about    11   A.   M.     His  advance  was   somewhat 

f  easier,   but  he   is  having  a  hard  time  fighting  now.      Strong 

S  elements  of  Grenadier  Regiment  No.  6,  which  had  been  placed 

i  to  our  right  for  the  attack,  crossed  the  stream,  but  then  met 

I  a  too-powerful  enemy  and  were  destroyed.     Great  numbers  of 

I  the  regiment  are  marching  off  as  prisoners  through  the  Sur- 

•5  melin  Valley,  through  which  we  were  to  have  made  the  attack. 

•;  One  of  our  companies — the  6th,  under  command  of  2nd  Lieu- 

\  tenant  Oberg — which,   strangely   enough,   had  penetrated   the 

I  enemy's  lines,  takes  them  to  be  advancing  German  troops  and 

.  goes   forward  4  kilometers  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Sur- 

\  melin  Valley,  straight  towards  the  enemy.     Below,  to  the  right, 

I  American  infantry  columns  are  marching ;  above,  to  the  left, 

I  the  enemy  batteries  are  firing  incessantly,  until  at  last  the  small 

I  group  is  noticed.     It  is  having  a  hard  time  now,  but  holds  out 

I  courageously  until  evening.     Its  brave  leader  and  a  few  men 

fight  their  way  back  in  the  night  through  the  enemy's  lines  to 
another  German  unit  and  rejoin  us.  That  was  a  bright  spot, 
but  the  only  one  during  this  operation,  and  that  is  why  I  men- 
tion it. 

"On  the  afternoon  of  July  15th   [1918],  we  succeeded  in 
improving  our  line  somewhat,  as  the  enemy  withdrew  his  a 
little,  probably  for  fear  of  a  double  flanking  movement.     But 
that  changed  nothing  in  the  final  result  of  the  day,  which  was 
{  the  worst  defeat  of  the  war.    It  was  only  necessary  to  descend 

I  the  northern  slope  of  the  Marne  Valley.     I  have  never  seen  so 

I  many  dead,  never  such  fearful  scenes  of  battle.     The  Ameri- 

!  cans  had  annihilated  two  entire  companies  of  ours  in  close  com- 

bat on  the  opposite  bank.  They  had  lain  in  the  corn  in  a  semi- 
circle, had  permitted  them  to  approach  and  then,  at  a  distance 
of  30  to  50  paces,  shot  down  almost  all  of  them.  It  must  be 
admitted  that  this  enemy  had  good  nerves.  'The  Americans  are 
killing  everybody!'  was  the  cry  of  horror  on  July  15th,  which 
long  remained  in  the  memory  of  our  men.  But  people  at  home 
scoffed  at  the  insufficient  training  of  the  enemy,  at  the  American 
'bluff'  and  at  other  things !  That  we  left,  in  dead  or  wounded, 
on  the  battle-field,  more  than  60%  of  the  troops  which  had  been 
led  into  battle,  is  chiefly  due  to  the  Americans." 

The  name  of  the  German  Officer  who  wrote  this  interesting 
account  is  not  given ;  the  young  American  officer  who  procured 


148  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  j 

and  sent  it  to  Major  Adams  is  Captain  John  Cheney  Piatt,  Jr.,  [ 

U.  S.  A.,  a  member  of  the  Montclair  Chapter,  Sons  of  the  j 

American  Revolution,  j 

^%  ^*  (^*  ^*  4 

NECROLOGY  OF  MEMBERS  | 

Colonel  Frederick  G.  Agens  died  on  Dec.  2,  1921,  at  the  | 

home  of  his  son,  Sylvester  H.  M.  Agens,  at  357  Parker  street,  | 

Newark.     He  was  born  in  Newark  Sept.  10,  1836,  and  was,  J 

therefore,  in  his  86th  year.     His  parents  were  Thomas  and  | 

Eliza  Crane  (Osborn)  Agens.    His  grandfather,  James  Agens,  j 

wintered  at  Valley  Forge  with  Washington's  army.     On  his  • 
mother's  side  he  was  a  descendant  of  Jasper  Crane,  one  of  the 

well-known  earliest  settlers  of  Newark.     Colonel  Agens  was  ;, 

educated  at  Wesleyan  Institute,  and  entered  the  hat  factory  of  \ 

his  father,  located  where  the  Newark  post  office  now  stands  ; 

and  was  long  active  in  the  city  Fire  Department.     When  the  j 

Civil  War  broke  out  he  was  Lieutenant  in  the  "Union  Blues,"  | 

under  command  of  General  (then  Colonel)  Theodore  Runyon.  ] 

He  then  resigned  to  join  the  famous  New  York  Seventh  Regi-  I 

ment  as  a  private,  and  served  through  the  Civil  War,  receiving  | 

the  title  of  Colonel  afterward  when  serving  on  the  staff  of  1 

Governor  Leon  Abbett  of  New  Jersey.     At  the  close  of  the  j 

War  he  engaged  in  the  fire  insurance  business  in  New  York  j 

and,  later,  at  Newark.    He  was  President  of  the  Underwriters'  ] 

Protective  Association.  He  belonged  to  several  patriotic  so-  j 
cieties,  including  the  S.  A.  R.  and  Washington  Association  of 
Morristown,  and  various  other  national  and  local  societies.  In 
1868  he  married  Emma  Louise  Moore,  widow  of  Frederick  C. 
Liese,  and  long  had  a  home  at  High  and  Spruce  sts.,  Newark, 
where  he  possessed  a  large  collection  of  art  objects  and  books. 
He  is  survived  by  two  sons,  Frederick  G.  Jr.,  and  Sylvester 
H.  M.,  and  three  grandchildren.  He  became  a  Life  member 
of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  Jan.  16,  1868. 

Edward  Theodore  Bell,  banker,  of  Paterson,  N.  J.,  died 
Aug.  12,  1 92 1.  He  was  born  at  Stanhope,  N.  J.,  March  26, 
1843,    the    son    of    Edward    Sullivan    and    Catherine    Louise 


Necrology  of  Members  149 

(Beach)  Bell.  After  a  preparatory  education  in  the  public 
schools  and  a  finishing  course  at  the  Collegiate  Institute,  at 
Newton,  N.  J.,  he  began  business  life  in  1S60  as  a  messenger 
for  the  Hackettstown  Bank.  In  1864  he  became  teller  of  the 
Bank  of  Jersey  City,  and  later,  in  the  same  year,  was  elected 
cashier  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Paterson.  The  latter 
office  he  held  until  1875,  when  he  retired,  still  retaining  his 
connection,  however,  with  the  corporation  through  his  position 
on  the  board  of  directors.  In  1882  he  was  elected  Vice-Presi- 
dent and  in  1894  he  became  the  President  of  the  bank.  The 
preparation  of  the  charter  and  organization  of  the  Paterson 
Savings  Institution,  in  1869,  ^^'^s  largely  due  to  his  efforts,  and 
he  became  Vice-President  of  that  institution;  also  President 
of  the  Paterson  and  Passaic  Gas  and  Electric  Company,  and 
director  of  the  Paterson  and  Ramapo  Railroad  Company.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Commission  to  the  Paris 
Exposition  in  1878;  also  one  of  the  original  Park  Commis- 
sioners of  Paterson  and  much  credit  was  due  him  as  a  mem- 
ber of  that  commission,  as  well  as  for  being  the  originator  of 
the  idea  of  the  erection  of  a  City  Hall  as  a  Centennial  Me- 
morial. His  religious  affiliations  were  with  the  Church  of  the 
Redeemer  (Presbyterian),  of  Paterson,  in  which  he  was  Presi- 
dent of  the  board  of  trustees.  He  was  President  of  the  Eye 
and  Ear  Infirmary,  Paterson;  honorary  member  of  the  board 
of  managers  of  the  Paterson  General  Hospital  Association; 
member  of  the  advisory  board  of  various  charitable  institutions, 
and  also  a  member  of  many  societies  and  clubs.  He  married  at 
Newton,  June  9,  1870,  Anna  A.,  daughter  of  Judge  Daniel 
Stewart  Anderson.  Mrs.  Bell  died  Nov.  23,  1908.  His  chil- 
dren were:  Mae  Anderson,  now  Mrs.  Edward  Van  Ingen;  Ed- 
ward T.  (deceased),  and  Thornton  Beach.  Mr.  Bell  became 
a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  in  1895. 

J.  Edward  Borden,  of  Eatontown,  N.  J.,  died  at  his  home 
Jan.  7,  1921.  He  had  been  a  life-long  resident  of  that  place, 
being  a  civil  engineer.  He  had  served  several  terms  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Eatontown  Township  Committee;  was  an  exempt 
fireman  and  member  of  the  Eatontown  Hook  &  Ladder  Co. : 


1,50  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

was  also  one  of  the  largest  owners  of  property  in  that  place 
and  active  in  real  estate  transactions.  His  wife,  who  was 
Julia  Harned,  died  a  nun]1)er  of  years  ago.  He  became  a  Life 
member  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  Jan.  27,  1891. 

William  H.  Burnett,  residing  at  623  Prospect  street, 
Maplewood,  N.  J.,  died  Jan.  iS,  1922.  He  was  the  son  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Abner  Ball  Burnett  of  Newark,  and  was  84  years 
of  age  at  the  time  of  his  death,  after  an  illness  of  several 
■months.  For  many  years  he  and  a  sister,  the  late  Miss  Rachel 
Burnett,  were  in  business  as  W.  H.  &  R.  Burnett  in  Academy 
street,  Newark.  He  was  a  former  furrier,  but  in  recent  years 
President  of  the  Newark  Realty  Co.  On  his  retirement  he  be- 
■gan  the  development  of  property  in  the  iMountain  View  sec- 
tion of  Maplewood.  He  was  also  a  veteran  of  the  Civil  War, 
serving  in  Co.  G.  of  the  2nd  Regiment.  N.  J.  Volunteers,  from 
May  28,  1861,  to  June  21,  1864,  with  the  rank  of  Corporal. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife  and  one  daughter.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  Jan.  4,  1904. 

Henry  Mead  Doremus,  former  Mayor  of  Newark,  died  at 
his  home,  294  Mt.  Prospect  Ave.,  Newark,  Jan.  16,  192 1.  He 
was  born  in  what  was  known  as  Jacksonville,  Pequannock  town- 
ship, Morris  county,  May  25,  1851,  and  was  the  son  of  Peter 
G.  and  Susanna  Doremus.  both  of  the  same  place.  His  early 
American  ancestors  were  from  Zeeland,  Holland,  and  settled 
in  New  Jersey  soon  after  coming  to  America.  The  old  home- 
stead in  Morris  county  still  stands,  though  built  in  1774.  The 
Doremus  family  is  among  the  oldest  in  New  Jersey. 

Henry  M.  Doremus  received  his  primary  education  in  the 
public  schools  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  came  to  Newark, 
being  apprenticed  to  the  carpenter  trade.  While  thus  employed 
he  attended  night  school.  He  served  four  years  in  this  em- 
ploy and  then  bought  an  interest  in  a  grocery  business,  which 
he  sold  out  four  years  later,  to  go  to  Topeka,  Kan.,  where  he 
worked  at  his  trade  as  journeyman-carpenter.  In  1879  ^^^  ^'^' 
turned  to  Newark  and  engaged  in  the  contracting  and  building 
business.     Mr.  Doremus  failed  in  business  once,  due  to  his 


Necrology  of  Members  151 

accommodation    indorsements    on    other    men's    notes;    went 
through  bankruptcy,  was  cleared  of  his  debts  and  started  busi- 
ness anew.     Years  afterwards  he  gave  a  dinner  at  which  all 
of  his  former  creditors  were  guests,  and  at  each  man's  plate 
,        was  laid  a  check  for  the  full  amount  of  the  old  debt,  plus  in- 
I       terest.    He  was  treasurer  of  the  Franklin  Savings  Bank,  direc- 
I       tor  of  the  Fidelity  Trust  Company  and  of  the  North  Ward 
I       National  Bank,  and  Vice-President  of  the  North  Jersey  and 
:        Bridgeport  Traction  Company.    He  was  Past  Master  of  North- 
ern Lodge,  F.  and  A.  AL,  and  was  also  a  member  of  the  old 
.■        North  End  Club,  the  former  Northern  Republican  Club  and  the 
^       Sons  of  the  American  Revolution.     For  many  years  he  was  a 
\       member  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  church  of  Newark. 
(  Mr.  Doremus  served  two  terms  in  the  State  Legislature,  hav- 

;       ing  been  first  elected  in  1884.    In  1896  he  was  elected  sheriff  of 
f       Essex  county.     He  attended  nine  consecutive  Republican  Na- 
I       tional  Conventions  as  delegate,  beginning  in  1888  and  continu- 
•       Jng  up  to  the  Chicago  convention  of  1920.    He  was  elected  and 
I       served  as   Mayor  of   Newark,   i()02-'oy.     It  was  during  his 
j       regime  as  Mayor  that  the  present  City  Hall  was  completed. 
i       He  was  responsible  for  a  number  of  important  innovations, 
I       including  free  band  concerts  in  the  city  and  free  excursions  for 
I       poor  children.     These  departures  marked  the  beginning  of  a 
I       new  epoch,  in  which  the  city  government  recognized  in  tangible 
I       form  the  desirability  and  the  need  for  providing  wholesome 
j       entertainment  and  recreation  for  both  the  children  and  their 
elders.    ALiyor  Doremus  worked  for  the  removal  of  poles  and 
over-head  wires  from  the  city  streets  and  for  the  abolishment 
of  unnecessary  noises.    He  kept  up  the  crusade,  which  Mayor 
Seymour  had  begun,  for  the  abolishment  of  grade  crossings. 
He  started  a  civil  service  system  in  the  Police  and  Fire  Depart- 
ments.   The  present  Municipal  Camp  Newark,  at  Avon,  is  the 
direct  outcome  of  a  welfare  work  inaugurated  by  him.    He  laid 
the  foundation  of  Newark's  extensive  playground  system.    He 
created  the  Shade  Tree  Commission  in  order  to  make  a  begin- 
ning in  the  work  of  preserving  the  trees  that  cool  the  walks 
and  avenues  in  mid-summer.     He  was  keenly  jealous  of  the 
city's  beauty  spots  and  waged  a  war  against  unsightly  signs 


152  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

and  billboards.  He  closed  up  the  old  girls'  dormitory  at  the 
City  Home  and  established  in  its  place  a  probation  system.  It 
was  largely  through  his  instrumentality  that  an  old  insurance 
ring  was  broken  up  and  that  changes  were  made  in  the  condi- 
tions of  the  franchise  held  by  the  Public  Service  Railway  Com- 
pany. In  1875,  he  married  Miss  Phoebe  G.  Baldwin,  and  was 
survived  by  his  wife  and  several  children.  He  had  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  since  191 1. 

Robert  I.  Hopper,  long  a  prominent  attorney  in  Paterson, 
died  there  Jan.  24,  1922,  after  a  few  days'  illness  from  a  gen- 
eral breakdown.  Mr.  Hopper  was  the  son  of  the  late  Judge 
John  Hopper  and  Mary  A.  (Imlay)  Hopper,  of  Paterson,  and 
was  born  in  that  city  May  28,  1845.  After  a  public  school  edu- 
cation he  entered  Rutgers  College,  being  graduated  there  in 
1866.  He  studied  law  with  his  father  and  became  a  New  Jer- 
sey attorney  at  the  June  Term,  1869,  and  a  counselor  three 
years  later.  For  many  years  father  and  son  were  associated  in 
practice  in  Paterson,  being  severed  only  because  the  father 
was  elevated  to  the  Bench.  In  1878  he  was  chosen  counsel  to 
the  Passaic  Board  of  Chosen  Freeholders  and  served  as  such 
for  ten  years.  He  was  also  secretary  to  the  Paterson  &  Hud- 
son River  Railroad  (now  part  of  the  Erie  R.  R.),  holding  that 
office  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  active  in  the  National 
Guard  of  New  Jersey,  having  been  Major  and  Judge  Advocate, 
and  was  prominent  in  Masonic  circles  and  in  various  clubs.  His 
wife,  who  was  Miss  Ida  E.  Hughes,  died  April  24,  1878.  Mr. 
Hopper  became  a  Life  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical 
Society  May  20,  1875. 

James  Lawrence  Kearny  died  at  Perth  Amboy  on  Decem- 
ber 16,  1921,  in  the  house  where  he  had  lived  all  his  life  and 
his  father  before  him.  He  was  the  son  of  Commodore  Law- 
rence Kearny,  a  distinguished  officer  of  the  navy  and  native  of 
Perth  Amboy,  of  whom  and  of  whose  home  mention  is  made  in 
Mrs.  Bcekman's  paper,  "A  Colonial  Capital,"  in  the  issue  of 
the  Proceedings  for  January,  191S  (pp.  15,  16).  James  Law- 
rence Kearny,  the  son,  was  bom  April  19,  1846,  and  was  edu- 


Necrology  of  Members  153 


catecl  principally  at  Eagleswood  Academy,  then  a  mile  from 
Perth  Amboy.     He  showed  an  aptitude  for  the  sea  but  was 
f  discouraged  by  his  father,  and  entered  into  business  life  in 

■'  New  York,  which,  later,  he  was  obliged  to  give  up  on  account 

I  of  his  widowed  father's  health.    During  a  life  of  over  75  years 

\.  he  remained  a  citizen  of  Perth  Amboy,  filling  various  offices  of 

I  public  and  private  trust.     By  nature  an  ardent  sportsman,  he 

I  became  a  skilled  fisherman  and  an  accurate  shot  with  rifle  and 

I  fowling  piece.    Having  also  the  gift  of  the  pen  he  contributed 

1  many  articles  over  a  long  series  of  years  to  sporting  papers, 

I  especially   "Forest  and   Stream,"   and   was  also   local   corre- 

i  spondent  of  the  "Evening  Post."    He  was  an  admirable  sailor 

I  and  a  leading  spirit  in  the  local  Yacht  Club  until  commerce 

I  drove  yachting  away  from  Perth  Amboy.    A  natural  musician, 

clever  with  the  piano  and  guitar,  with  a  ready  wit  and  the 
[  merriest  of  laughs,  lie  was  the  life  and  soul  of  any  social  party. 

I  In  January,  18S1,  he  married  Miss  Margaret  A.  Rowlett, 

daughter  of  John  Rowlett  of  Petersburg,  Va.,  whose  death  in 
!  1898  was  a  blow  from  which  he  never  recovered.    There  was  no 

j  child  of  the  marriage.    Of  recent  years  he  had  been  accustomed 

I  to  spend  the  winters  in  New  Bern,  North  Carolina, 

j  Mr.  Kearny  served  many  years  as  vestryman  and  warden  of 

j  St.  Peter's  Church,  Perth  Amboy,  and  lies  buried  in  its  church- 

yard within  two  squares  of  his  former  home.  He  was  much 
interested  in  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society,  of  which  he 
became  a  member  Jan.  11,  191 1,  and  was  a  regular  attendant 
at  its  meetings  until  prevented  by  illness.  He  made  a  number 
of  contributions  to  its  library  collections,  including  an  oil  por- 
trait of  his  father,  which  hangs  in  the  main  room.  His  personal 
character  was  above  reproach,  and  it  is  the  testimony  of  one 
who  has  known  him  intimately  for  half  a  century,  that  his  rec- 
ord was  never  tarnished  by  a  small  or  mean  action. 

Ephraim  AIorrtson,  physician  and  banker,  of  Newton,  N. 
J,,  died  May  10,  1918.  He  was  a  native  of  St.  John's,  New 
Brunswick,  where  he  was  born  Aug.  18,  1852.  At  the  age  of 
fifteen  he  entered  the  employ  of  a  druggist  in  his  native  city. 
Being  early  embued  with  the  idea  of  becoming  a  physician,  he 


This  belated  notice,  which  should  have  been  published  in  1916,  has 
been  prepared  by  Headmaster  A.  F.  Jamieson,  of  the  Lawrenceville 
School.  The  reason  this  and  other  occasional  notices  of  death  of  mem- 
bers of  the  Society  are  late,  sometimes  several  years  late,  is  because 
either  of  inability  to  secure  earlier  obituary  notices,  or  because  the  Soci- 
ety has  been  uninformed  of  the  fact  of  death. 


154  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society  \ 

emigrated  to  the  United  States  and  worked  his  way  through  the  | 

College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  in  New  York,  from  which  ! 

institution  he  graduated  in  1875.    He  went  to  Newton,  where  i 

he  engaged  in  the  drug  business  with  his  brother-in-law,  the  ' 

late  A.  F.  Fellows,  and  later  with  John  H.  B.  Howell,  but  con-  ] 

tinued  in  practice.    For  fifteen  years  he  was  connected  with  the  • 

Merchants'  National  Bank,  Newton,  having  become  a  director  | 

in  1902,  Vice-President  in  1906  and  President  in  1912,  an  office  \ 

which  he  held  at  the  time  of  his  death.    He  was  a  member  of  i 

Newton's  first  Board  of  Health,  a  former  member  of  the  Board  • 

of  Education,  President  of  an  Association  that  was  instru-  | 

mental  in  establishing  the  Sussex  County  Farm  Bureau,  and  i 

was  a  member  and  had  held  office  in  numerous  medical  societies,  i 

having  been  President  at  one  time  of  the  Tri-County  Medical  ] 

Society.    He  was  a  director  of  the  State  Home  for  the  Feeble-  \ 

Minded  at  Vineland.  He  was  one  of  Newton's  best  and  most 
prominent  citizens  and  was  ever  foremost  in  movements  for  the  : 

town's  betterment.  Dr.  Morrison  was  survived  by  his  wife, 
form.erly  Miss  Charlotte  Holten ;  a  son.  Dr.  Frank  Morrison ; 
a  daughter,  Mrs.  Lola  iMorrison  Hull,  of  Newton,  and  a 
brother.  Dr.  John  B.  Morrison,  of  Newark.  He  became  a  Life 
member  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  in  1906. 

Joseph  Ridgeway  Such,  of  South  Amboy,  N.  J.,  died  in 
New  York  City  June  8,  1921.  He  was  a  son  of  the  late  George 
Such  and  Anna  (Ridgeway)  Such,  and  was  56  years  of  age 
at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  became  a  member  of  the  New 
Jersey  Historical  Society  in  191 1. 

Francis  Cuyler  vanDyke,  Jr.,^  was  born  December  26, 
1873,  ^"d  died  January  25,  1916.  His  mother  was  a  physician 
and  his  great-grandfather  a  noted  singer.  At  five  or  six  years 
of  age  Mr.  vanDyke  began  to  show  interest  in  both  vocal  and 


Necrology  of  Members  155 

instrumental  music.  When  he  entered  the  Rutgers  Preparatory 
School  he  had  already  mastered  its  rudiments,  and  he  was  play- 
ing an  organ  at  fifteen.  At  sixteen  he  was  organist  in  a  church. 
In  1890  he  was  graduated  at  school  and  entered  Rutgers  Col- 
lege. During  the  four  years  at  college  he  was  a  successful  mem- 
ber of  the  Glee  Club,  and  also  a  member  of  Delta  Upsilon. 
Though  he  took  the  classical  course,  he  covered  also  all  the 
scientific  branches,  showing  equal  facility  in  linguistic  and 
scientific  studies.  His  father's  success  in  teaching  physics  at 
Rutgers  must  have  been  an  incentive  in  that  subject.  Upon 
graduation  in  1894  Mr.  vanDyck  began  to  teach  science  in  New- 
ark Academy.  Later  on,  he  taught  private  pupils  in  music  and 
was  organist  in  the  Stelton  Baptist  Church,  the  Second  Re- 
formed Church  and  St.  John's  Episcopal  Church,  all  of  New 
Brunswick ;  and  at  a  still  later  time  in  the  Westminster  Presby- 
terian Church  at  Elizabeth.  It  was  here  that  he  was  married 
to  Florence  Whiton  Whedon,  of  Elizabeth,  on  Dec.  22,  1898. 

In  1899  Mr.  vanDyck  was  engaged  to  teach  mathematics 
at  the  Lawrenceville  School,  Lawrenceville,  N.  J.,  and  in  1900 
he  was  given  charge  of  the  school  organ,  and  the  development 
there  of  the  larger  life  in  music  dates  from  that  period.  Every 
year  something  new  and  fine  came  from  his  fertile  genius.  He 
practically  constructed  the  organ  in  Alexander  Hall,  Princeton, 
and  was  given  control  of  the  enlargement  of  the  organ  at 
Bethany  Church,  Trenton,  which  he  opened  with  several  re- 
citals. His  advice  was  asked  when  the  large  organ  was  built 
in  the  High  School  at  Trenton,  where  he  gave  many  recitals, 
particularly  on  the  music  of  different  nations.  He  was  survived 
by  his  widow  and  three  daughters,  Mary  (Mrs.  Louis  Fair- 
banks Kendall),  Penelope  and  Florence;  and  by  his  father,  his 
brother  William  van  Bergen  vanDyck,  and  his  adopted  brother, 
Pierre  vanDyck.  Throughout  his  life  he  was  universally  ad- 
mired and  loved  by  all  who  had  the  privilege  of  his  acquaintance 
and  friendship.  The  following  excerpts  from  a  poem  written 
by  a  colleague  at  Lawrenceville  well  expresses  the  truth  of  this 
fact: 

"Cuyler,  old  man, 
They  little  know  or  you  or  us 
Who  say :    'He  is  not  here.' 


IS6  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

How  eagerl}'  the  tendrils  of  your  heart  reached  out 

To  clasp  and  hold  our  hearts ! 

How  happily 

The  vintage  of  your  soul  expressed  its  wine 

To  gladden  other  souls  less  blest! 

Each  day  begins  with  you — 

The  chimes  that  call  us  to  the  house  of  God. 

The  organ  notes  that  move  our  hearts  to  prayer, 

The  morning  hymn  of  praise — 

Your  face  an  inspiration  for  the  day — 

The  garden  that  you  worked, 

The  trees  where  hung  your  hammock. 

All  the  links,  where  you  and  Pop 

Played  horse  at  golf — 

Where  else? 

Why,  everywhere ! 

Yet  most  of  all,  deep,  deep  within  the  hearts 

Of  those  who,  knowing,  I 

Never  cease  to  love."  1 

Hon.  Bennet  Van  Syckel,  former  Justice  of  the  Supreme  \ 

Court  of  New  Jersey,  died  Dec.  20,  192 1,  at  his  Trenton  resi-  | 

dence,  following  a  brief  illness  of  bronchial  pneumonia.     He  | 

was  in  his  92nd  year  and  the  oldest  alumnus  of   Princeton  1 

University.    He  was  the  son  of  Aaron  and  Mary  Van  Syckel,  1 

of  Bethlehem,  Hunterdon  county,  and  was  born  there  April  I 

17,  1830.     His  father  and  his  grandfather  were  country  mer-  I 

chants,  whose  ancestors  came  with  the  old  Dutch  settlers  to  1 

that  part  of  New  Jersey.     His  father  was  considered  wealthy  1 

in  those  days  and  was  able  to  give  his  four  sons,  (one  of  whom  j 

was  the  late  Chester  Van  Syckel,  also  a  lawyer,  of  Fleming-  1 

ton,  N.  J.)  an  excellent  education.     When  Bennet  was  nine  ; 

years  old  he  was  sent  to  a  boarding  school  at  Easton.  At  the 
age  of  thirteen  he  completed  his  preparatory  studies  and  entered 
Princeton  in  the  Sophomore  class.  Three  years  later  (1846) 
he  was  graduated  with  high  honors  and  for  one  year  was  resi- 
dent graduate  Assistant  Professor  to  Joseph  Henry,  who  oc- 
cupied the  chair  of  Natural  Philosophy.  He  next  took  up  the 
study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Alexander  Wurts  of  Flemington, 
and  was  prepared  to  take  his  law  examination  some  time  before 
he  was  of  age,  but  as  he  could  not  be  admitted  to  the  Bar  while 
under  twenty-one  was  forced  to  wait.  On  the  twenty-first  an- 
niversary of  his  birthday,  at  the  April  Term  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  1 85 1,  he  was  admitted  to  the  Bar,  and  became  counselor 
at  the  June  Term,  1854.     He  at  once  opened  office  in  Flem- 


Necrology  of  Members  157 

ington,  and  practiced  there  with  unusual  success  until  February, 
1858,  when  Governor  Randolph  appointed  him  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court.  At  that  time  he  was  the  youngest  member  of 
the  Court.  His  Circuits  were  in  the  counties  of  Salem,  Cum- 
berland, Atlantic  and  Cape  May.  When  the  number  of  Su- 
preme Court  Justices  was  increased  from  seven  to  nine  and  the 
districts  were  readjusted.  Justice  Van  Syckel  was  assigned  to 
Union  and  Ocean  counties,  where  he  presided  twenty-nine 
years.  He  was  five  times  reappointed.  Only  a  few  months 
after  his  last  appointment  in  1904  he  resigned  because  of  ill 
health  and  increasing  age. 

After  his  retirement  Justice  Van  Syckel  was  made  the  guest 
of  the  New  Jersey  Bench  and  Bar,  at  Trenton,  upon  which 
occasion  a  portrait  of  him  painted  in  oil  was  presented  to  the 
State,  to  be  hung  on  the  wall  of  the  Supreme  Court  room  at  the 
Capitol.  A  few  months  later  another  portrait  was  hung  in 
the  new  courthouse  in  Union  county,  in  honor  of  the  Justice 
who  had  presided  there  for  so  many  years.  In  1880  Prince- 
ton conferred  upon  him  the  honor  of  LL.D. 

During  his  term  of  service  Justice  Van  Syckel  delivered  some 
of  the  most  important  opinions  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  of 
the  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals.  In  the  prosecution  of  the 
Linden  and  Elizabeth  race  track  gamblers  in  1893  ^^^  proved  a 
terror  to  poolsellers,  bookmakers  and  evildoers.  It  was  Justice 
Van  Syckel  who  wrote  the  opinion  of  the  Supreme  Court  when 
an  effort  was  made  to  challenge  the  majority  cast  in  favor  of 
the  anti-gambling  amendment  to  the  State  Constitution,  and 
his  opinion  upholding  the  adoption  of  the  amendment  was 
sustained  by  the  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals.  At  the  time  of 
his  death  a  membership  in  the  directorate  of  the  Prudential 
Life  Insurance  Company  was  the  former  Justice's  sole  business 
afifiliation.  His  activity  in  connection  with  this  post  caused  his 
associates  to  marvel.  He  attended  all  the  meetings  and  was 
as  alert  as  the  youngest  of  his  colleagues.  At  the  Princeton 
Alumni  Reunion  in  June,  1920,  he  led  the  Parade  around  the 
baseball  field  and  got  a  big  ovation  from  the  throng  in  attend- 
ance. In  his  automobile  he  arose  repeatedly  and  raised  his  hat 
in  acknowledgment  of  the  applause.    In  191 1,  Woodrow  Wil- 


158  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society  j 

son,  when  Governor,  appointed  him  and  former  State  Attorney-  \ 

General  Edmund  Wilson,  of  Red  Bank,  as  a  commission  to  | 

study  the  proposed  abandonment  of  the  Morris  Canal.     The  | 

report  was  adverse  to  the  State  taking  over  the  canal.     The  ] 

Justice  aided  in  the  drafting  of  the  "Seven  Sisters"  Acts,  passed  | 

during  the  Wilson  administration,  which  were  designed  to  curb  j 

the  activities  of  the  trusts  in  New  Jersey.  | 

Justice  Van  Syckel  was  a  lover  of  outdoor  sports.     In  his  *i 

younger  days  he  played  town  ball  and  football  and  later  was  a  ] 

great  admirer  of  baseball.     He  rode  horseback,  played  golf  1 

and  was  a  fine  wing  shot.     In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat,  but  j 

politics  had  no  place  with  him  while  he  sat  on  the  Bench.    Mr.  | 

Van  Syckel  married  Miss  Mary  Elizabeth   Sloane,  daughter  i 

of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  Hand  Sloane.    He  is  survived  by  two  \ 

sons,  Charles  S.  and  William  S.,  and  a  daughter,  Bessie.     He  j 

became  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical   Society  in  • 
March,  1917. 

J*     Jt     jx     j» 

HISTORICAL  NOTES  AND  COMMENTS 

BY  THE  EDITOR 

Getting  to  New  Orleans,  1800,  1839,  1822 

Historical  matter,  especially  when  it  deals  with  a  near  ship- 
wreck, is  not  supposed  to  be  humorous,  but  few  of  our  readers 
will  peruse  the  "Young  Man's  Journal  of  iSoo,"  etc.,  in  this 
issue  without  seeing  a  humorous  side  to  it.  No  one  should 
miss  reading  it,  as  it  is  as  interesting  as  a  novel.  The  voyage 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  to  New  York,  occupying 
48  days,  appears  to  have  been  as  hazardous  in  the  year  1801  as 
the  voyage  of  the  Apostle  Paul,  nearly  1900  years  earlier.  But 
we  suspect  the  Captain  of  the  "ship  of  Alexandria  sailing  into 
Italy,"  A.  D.  62,  was  a  better  informed  man  as  to  how  to  navi- 
gate the  seas  than  the  Capt.  Hacquin  of  the  "Neptune"  of  the 
narrative.  On  this  subject  of  the  slowness  of  travel  before  the 
days  of  railroads,  a  correspondent,  Mr.  William  H.  Benedict, 
of  New  Brunswick,  says  (quite  corroborative  of  the  Johnson 
experience)  : 


Historical  Notes  and  Comments  159 

"I  have  found  an  article  in  'Niles'  Register'  of  1839,  en- 
titled 'Travel  as  it  Was  and  Is,'  being  from  New  York  to  New 
Orleans  in  1800  and  then  in  1839.  The  person  traveling  thus 
notes  it : 

"  'April  3,  1800.     Left  New  York  on  ferryboat  for  Jersey 

City;  thence  by  a  two-horse  coach  to  Philadelphia,  arriving 

on  fourth  day,  at  4  P.  M.     Left  Philadelphia  next  morning  in 

one-horse  shay,   with  mail-bag  behind,   for  Lancaster,   where 

k  we  arrived  the  third  day.  Bought  a  horse,  and  in  9  days  reached 

I  Pittsburgh.    Bought  a  flat  boat  for  $18,  and,  with  some  others, 

f  left  for  New  Orleans,  floating  with  the  current.     After  divers 

.*  adventures  and  escapes  from  great  peril  by  land  and  by  water 

I      ■       we  reached  Natchez,  the  57th  day  after  leaving  Pittsburgh,  and 

I  arrived  at  New  Orleans  13  days  thereafter;  all  told  84  days, 

a  which  our  friends  in  New  Orleans  said  was  expeditious.     My 

i  personal  cost  was  £27.11.  4%. 

f  "  'Now,  in  1839,  I  had  occasion  to  make  the  journey  again. 

I  Left  New  York  Jan.  21,  at  6  A,  M. ;  took  train  at  Jersey  City 

I  and  arrived  in  Philadelphia  ten  minutes  past  12 ;  time  6  hrs., 

I  10  min. ;  cost  $4.    At  2  P.  M.  left  by  railroad  for  Baltimore 

I  and  arrived  at  8  P.  AL  ;  time  6  hrs. ;  cost  $4.     Left  Baltimore 

I  next  P.  M.,  at  4,  in  mail  chariot  for  Wheeling;  arrived  five 

I  minutes  before  12  Saturday  noon;  time  43  hrs.,  50  min.;  cost 

I  .  $23.     Left  Wheeling  next  morning  in  stage   for  Cincinnati ; 

arrived  in  59  hrs.,  30  min. ;  cost  $24.50.     Left  Cincinnati  at 

1  10  next  morning,  on  steamboat  'Pike,'  and  reached  Louisville 

at  10  P.  M. ;  time  12  hrs. ;  cost  $4.    Left  Louisville  next  morn- 

j  ing  at  II  in  steamboat  'Diana.'  and  reached  Natchez  the  sixth 

I  day,  149  hrs. ;  cost  $35.    Left  Natchez  the  same  day  and  reach- 

i  ed  New  Orleans  next  evening;  time  30  hrs. ;  cost  $10.  Expenses 

I  at  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Cincinnati  and  Louisville,  $10.00. 

i  Total,  306  hrs.,  30  min.,  or   12  days,   18  hrs.,  30  min.;  cost 

i  $114.50.     Difference  in  time  about  71  days,  and  difference  in 

j  expense  $25  in  favor  of  1839.    This  was  a  winter  journey;  a 

i  summer  trip  could  be  made  for  $80.00  and  in  less  time.'  " 

!  "And  now   in   1922,"  says  ]\Ir.   Benedict,  "the  New  York 

and  New  Orleans  Limited  via   Philadelphia  will  reach   New 

Orleans  in  i  day,  16  hours;  fare,  with  Pullman,  meals  and  tips 

included,  about  $75.00 ;  gain  in  time  1 1  days,  2}^  hours ;  cost 

about  the  same  as  the  summer  trip  in  1839." 

"The  Stirling  Baronetcy,"  etc. 

In  relation  to  the  first  article  in  the  last  Proceedings  under 
the  foregoing  title,  the  authorship  of  which,  as  therein  stated, 
was  credited  to  the  Marquis  de  Fontenoy,  we  have  a  letter 


i6o  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  i 

from  Mr.  Livingston  Rutherfurd,  of  18  West  25th  St.,  New         \ 
York  City,  which  says  :  | 

"I  desire  to  call  your  attention  to  an  erroneous  statement  in         | 
the  concluding  paragraph  of  the  [above  named]  article.    I  own  \ 

James  Alexander's  family  Bible.    The  records  it  contains  are  all  5 

in  his  writing.     He  records  the  birth  of  a  son,  James,  who  d.  I 

in  infancy,  and  William,  afterward  called  Lord  Stirling,  and  \ 

no  others.     (See  chart  facing  p.  24  in  my  book,  'Family  Records 
and  Events,'  in  the  Library  of  your  Society).    I  read  the  same  ■'. 

article  in  the  'Evening  Sun,'  and  a  few  days  later  they  published  l 

my  correction."  \ 

In  printing  the  de  Fontenoy  article  we  were  impressed  with  j 

the   statement  therein  that   Lord   Stirling  "had  two  younger  ? 

brothers,  Robert  and  Gerard,"  and  wondered  why  they  had  ] 

never  been  mentioned  in  print  before,  and  why  there  was  no  ^ 

hint  of  them  in  Duer's  "Life  of  Lord  Stirling."     It  now  ap-  * 

pears  they  were  not  sons  of  James  Alexander,  and  we  are  glad  | 

to  note  herewith  Mr.  Rutherfurd's  correction.  \ 

The  "Printer's  Door"  from  Burlington  j 

Some  interest  attaches  to  the  door  recently  presented  to  the  ] 

New  Jersey  Historical  Society  by  Mr.  Henry  S.  Haines  of  \ 

Burlington.    It  originally  swung  in  a  house  in  Burlington  which  ; 

was  said  to  have  been  occupied  by  Samuel  Jennings,  Deputy  j 
Governor  (i68i-'84).     Mr.  Haines  himself  says  of  the  house 
and  door : 

"This  old  building  stood  on  the  westerly  side  of  High  street 
about  eighty  feet  southwardly  from  Pearl  street.  It  was  de- 
molished in  the  year  1881  to  give  place  to  a  residence  now 
occupying  the  principal  part  of  the  ground  on  which  it  stood. 
In  order  to  justify  the  well-authenticated  tradition  that  Samuel 
Jennings  occupied  it  as  an  office  when  Deputy-Governor,  al- 
though reliable  evidence  is  wanting,  it  must  be  conclusive  that 
it  was  built  by  Thomas  Budd  about  1680.  the  premises  being 
then  owned  by  him.  Jennings  subsequently  became  possessed 
of  it  and  so  remained  at  least  as  late  as  1695,  from  wdiich  date 
until  i726-'7  its  occupancy  is  unknown  to  me.  At  the  date  last 
named,  Samuel  Keimer,  having  obtained  a  contract  for  printing 
the  Colonial  money  for  the  Province,  employed  Benjamin 
Franklin  to  execute  the  work,  which  he  successfully  performed 
in  this  house.  As  to  its  use  from  that  date  until  1765.  I  am 
ignorant;  but  in  the  year  last  named.  Smith's  'History  of  New 


f  Historical  Notes  and  Comments  i6l 

Jersey'  was  printed  there  by  James  Parker  upon  a  press  brought 
from  Woodbridge  and  returned  when  the  work  was  completed. 

';  At  a  later  date  Isaac  Collins,  who  had  succeeded  Parker  as 

i  King's  Printer,  produced  there  the  Continental  money  of  Rev- 

I  olutionary  times.     Many  valuable  publications  issued  from  his 

I  press,  one   of   its   chief   productions   being  the   'New   Jersey 

I  Gazette.'    Collins'  establishment  was  removed  to  Trenton  about 

h  1778,  after  which  time  no  printing  was  done  in  the  building. 

I  "As  to  the  authenticity  of  the  door  itself,  I  may  say  that  my 

I  home  was  immediately  opposite  and  I  played  around  it  in  my 

i  early  boyhood  and  had  perfect  knowledge  of  its  parts.     This 

[  door,  with  another  which  I  presented  to  the  Burlington  County 

I  Historical  Society,  was  removed  from  the  premises  by  myself, 

f  and  sirice  certified  to  me  as  genuine  by  one  who  occupied  the 

;  house  more  than  three  score  years  ago,  the  exact  location  of 

I  each  door  as  it  originally  stood  being  by  him  pointed  out  to  me." 

j  Our  Neglected  Public  Records 

I  Some  of  the  newspapers  of  the  State  have  published  an  ab- 

I  stract  of,  or  commented  upon,  the  first  annual  report  of  the 

I  new  New  Jersey  Public  Record  office,  of  which  Dr.  Carlton  E. 

!  Godfrey,  of  Trenton,  is  Director.    We  have  not  space  to  note 

i  all,  or  even  a  part,  of  the  statement  of  the  Director,  which  in 

I  compact  shape  states  the  condition  of  many  of  the  municipal 

I  offices  in  this  State.    As  there  are  586  independent  municipali- 

I  ties  it  is  clear  that  it  would  take  a  long  time  for  the  Director  to 

I  make  a  personal  examination  of  the  condition  of  matters  in 

j  even  all  the  important  municipal  districts,  and,  naturally,  cor- 

i  respondence  in  reference  to  them  will  often  fail  to  secure  re- 

sults needed.  This  report  is  highly  valuable  as  showing  what 
county  records  are  missing  and  how  lightly  township  and  bor- 
ough officials  have  treated  their  minutes,  whether  pre-Revolu- 
tionary  or  in  later  years,  as  deserving  of  preservation  for  his- 
torical purposes.  It  is  now  to  be  hoped  that  what  does  exist  of 
past  municipal  records  will  be  better  cared  for  in  the  future.  A 
removal  of  every  record  (except  county  records)  up  to,  say 
25  years  ago,  to  Trenton,  to  some  accessible  and  fire-proof 
place  in  or  near  the  State  House,  would  be  an  ideal  disposition 
of  them. 


II 


l62  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Hall  of  Fame  for  Old  Trees 

The  American  Forestry  Association  has  instituted  a  "Hall  j 

of  Fame  for  Trees."    Among  the  number  thus  far  nominated  | 

one  only  has  been  named  as  from  New  Jersey.    This  is  known  | 

as  the  Crosswicks  oak,  being  in  the  town  of  that  name  standing  ] 

•close  to  the  old  meeting  house  built  in  1773.    The  church  was  \ 

used  as  a  hospital  during  the  Revolution  and  at  one  time  was  j 

occupied  by  a  regiment  of  Hessians.    The  oak  is  said  to  be  one  ] 

of  the  largest  in  New  Jersey,  having  a  circumference  of  26^  j 

feet  at  a  height  of  three  feet  above  the  ground.     The  tree  is  | 

87  feet  high,  having  a  spread  of  123  feet.    U  these  dimensions  | 

are  correct,  it  is  a  trifle  larger  than  the  immense  swamp  oak  i 

which  still  graces  the  churchyard  of  the  Basking  Ridge  Presby-  I 

terian  church,  and  which  shelters  about  100  gravestones;  its  \ 

circumference  is  24  feet  6  inches  one  foot  above  ground,  and  ^ 

the  spread  of  its  branches  is  120  feet.    It  is  thought  to  be  400 
years  of  age,  which,  of  course,  is  a  mere  estimate. 

The  Preparation  of  a  Family  History 

Many  are  the  ways  of  preparing  a  family  history  for  pub- 
lication. If  all  ancestral  and  many  collateral  lines  are  to  be 
included,  an  excellent  model  in  most  respects  is  that  of  the 
Welles  family,  a  pamphlet  of  382  pages  prepared  by  Rev. 
Theodore  W.  Welles,  of  Paterson,  and  published  in  1903.  But 
there  are  so  many  other  and  larger  family  publications,  by 
New  Jersey  and  other  authors,  consultable  in  our  Society's 
library,  that  it  would  be  an  invidious  distinction  to  single  them 
out  as  "models ;"  few,  indeed,  are  such,  akhough  most  of  them 
have  their  distinctive  merits.  When  it  comes,  however,  to  a 
strict  adherence  to  one  male  line  of  a  family,  beginning  with  the 
•first  American  immigrant,  there  is  no  other  work  ever  pub- 
lished in  this  State  written  with  the  literary  charm  and  interest, 
and  arranged  with  the  skill,  of  the  privately-printed  small 
volume  entitled  "The  Raritan  :  Notes  on  a  River  and  a  Family" 
(1915),  by  Prof.  John  C.  Van  Dyke  of  New  Brunswick.  The 
book  is  not  in  the  market,  being  for  private  circulation  among 
one  line  of  Van  Dykes,  but  our  Society  is  fortunate  to  possess 
a  copy. 


r 

1  Historical  Notes  and  Comments  163 

Sussex  County's  Historical  Home 

The  Sussex  County  Historical  Society  is  to  be  congratu- 
lated on  possessing  a  building  of  its  own,  which  was  dedi- 
cated with  a  banquet  on  Feb.  13th  last.  Former  Judge  Wil- 
liam H.  Morrow,  of  Belvidere,  was  the  principal  speaker. 
Mr.  John  J.  Van  Sickle  was  toastmaster.  Mayor  Elwood  D. 
i  Shuster,  of  Franklin,  also  made  an  address  on  the  opening 

I  and  development  of  the  zinc  mines  in  Sussex  county. 

I  A  novelty  in  this  building  is  the  mammoth  fireplace,  contain- 

I  ing  stones  of  historic  significance  and  is  dotted  with  a  variety 

i  of  multi-colored  pieces  of  rock  taken  from  the  mines  of  the 

I  New  Jersey  Zinc  Company  at  Franklin  and  Ogdensburg.    Two 

large  stones,  one  on  either  side  of  the  base,  were  taken  from 
the  foundation  of  the  old  Anderson  house  in  Newton,  where 
I  General  Washington  slept  in  Revolutionary  days.    Next  in  or- 

I  der  are  pieces  of  rock  from  each  of  the  four  old  forts,  Shipa- 

j  cong,  Nomanock,  Shapanock  and  Walpack,  that  were  built  by 

I  New  Jersey  in  1755  to  protect  the  State  from  invasion.    Stones 

I  from  the  first  church,  built  at  Walpack  Bend  in  1737,  and  of  the 

I  first  parsonage   at   Fort   Nomanock,   built   in    1741,   are  also 

I  studded  in  the  facing. 

j  The  first  bridge  across  the  Delaware,  at  Phillipsburg  in  1796 ; 

I  the  first  ferry.  Walker's  Ferry,  at  Shawnee,  1732,  and  the  old 

I  copper  mines  at  Pahaquarry,  opened  in   1640,  also  are  com- 

I  memorated.     Cut  in  two  pieces  and  set  on  either  side  of  the 

center,  above  the  mantel,  is  the  first  millstone  that  ever  ground 

by  water  power  in   Sussex  county.     It  was  taken  from  the 

Van  Campen  mill  in  Walpack  Township.     There  is  a  piece  of 

Moody's  rock,  on  the  shores  of  the  Muckshaw,  which  the  noted 

Tory  made  famous,  and  a  portion  chipped  from  a  milestone  on 

the  Deckertown-Owego  turnpike,  opened  at  the  start  of  the 

Nineteenth  century.    A  stone  from  the  Indian  trail  leading  from 

the  mouth  of  the  Shrewsbury  River  to  the  village  of  Minisink 

and  a  piece  of  Indian  pottery  found  in  the  Indian  cemetery  at 

Minisink  are  included  in  the  collection. 

Pieces  of  stone  from  the  highest  and  lowest  points  in  New 
Jersey,  both  of  which  are  in  Sussex  county,  are  shown.  One 
is  from  the  topmost  rock  on  High  Point,  1,823  feet  above  sea 


164  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

level,  and  the  other  from  the  Ogdensburg  mine  of  the  Xew 
Jersey  Zinc  Company,  over  2,000  feet  below  the  bed  of  the 
Walkill  River  and  about  1,200  feet  below  sea  level. 

The  mantel,  eight  feet  long  and  one  foot  wide,  is  of  rough- 
hewn  granite  and  comes  from  the  quarries  at  Glenwood,  as  do 
the  stones  that  comprise  the  arch.  Studded  in  the  center,  about 
three  feet  above  the  mantel,  is  a  piece  of  quartz,  the  largest 
ever  found  in  .Sussex  county.  It  is  used  just  as  it  was  found. 
but  Nature  had  fashioned  it  so  perfectly  that  it  looks  as  though 
it  had  come  from  the  hand  of  a  diamond  cutter.  Mr.  George 
Sharp  of  Lafayette,  who  built  the  fireplace,  employed  the  square 
type  of  pointing,  in  use  about  200  years  ago. 

The  Ward  Library. — The  late  IMarcus  Lawrence  Ward, 
of  Newark,  left  to  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  by  will 
his  fine  collection  of  books,  numbering  over  2,000  volumes. 
These  books  are  now  being  catalogued  and  placed  in  the  So- 
ciety's Library,  and  will  form  a  most  valuable  addition  thereto. 

fc5*         t?*         fc?*         fe?* 

QUERIES  AND  MISCELLANY 

Governor  Livingston's  Family. — In  the  last  Proceedings 
(p.  82),  it  was  stated  that  there  did  not  seem  to  be,  in  print,  a 
list  of  all  the  children  of  Governor  William  Livingston  (1723- 
1790),  the  well-known  first  Governor  of  this  State  after  In- 
dependence, his  service  being  for  about  14  years  (1776-1790). 
Mr,  Alexander  Campbell,  lawyer,  of  i  Broadway,  New  York 
City,  writes  that  in  "The  Livingstons  of  Livingston  ]\Ianor," 
by  Edward  Brockholst  Livingston,  published  in  1910  (by  pri- 
vate subscription),  the  following  appears  in  an  Appendix: 

"Family  of  William  Livingston  :   The  War  Governor  of 

New  Jersey 

"William  Livingston  was  born  in  November.  1723,  and  was 
the  seventh  son  of  Philip  Livingston,  second  Lord  of  the 
Manor;  baptized  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  S  Dec.  1723;  married,  about 
1745.  Susana,  daughter  of  Philip  French  and  Susana  Brock- 
holies  (or  Brockhurst)  ;  died  at  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  25  July, 
1790.     Mrs.  Livingston  was  baptized  at  New  York  19  June, 


''  Queries  and  Miscellany  165 

1723,  and  died  also  at  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,   17  July,   1789. 
{        Their  children  were  : 

\  "I.     A  son,  born  in  1746;  died  in  infancy. 

r;  "II.     A  son  born  in  1747;  died  in  infancy. 

I  "III.  Susanna,   born    1748,   married    10   Sept.,    1794,    John 

\        Cleve  Symmes,  of  New  Jersey,  Colonel  of  militia  1775;  mem- 
}         ber  of  State  Convention,  1776;  Associate  Justice  of  Supreme 
\         Court  of  New  Jersey  in  1777,  and  a  Judge  of  the  Northwest 
f         Territory  in  1786.    She  was  his  third  wife, 
j  "IV.     Catharine,  born  16  Sept.,  1751 ;  married   (ist)   Mat- 

i  thew  Ridley  of  Baltimore.  14  Apr..  1787;  (2nd)  John  Living- 
1  ston,  of  Oak  Hill,  3d  Nov.,  1796;  died  8  Dec,  1813.  Her 
\  second  husband  was  the  5th  son  of  Robert,  3d  Lord  of  the 
I  Manor,  and  she  was  his  2d  wife.  This  marriage  took  place 
\  at  Governor  John  Jay's  official  residence.  Government  House, 
I         New  York  City. 

"V.     Mary,  born   16  Feb.,   1753;  married   27   May,   1771, 
;         James  Linn. 

I  "VI.     William,  born  21  March,  1754;  married  Mary  Len- 

1         nington  ;  died  1817. 

i  "VII.     Philip  Van  Brugh,  baptized  at  New  York  28  July, 

:  1755;  died  unmarried. 

1  "VIII.     Sarah  Van  Brugh,  born  2  Aug..  1756;  married  28 

I  April,  1774,  John  Jay,  Chief  Justice  State  of  N.  Y.,  1777;  min- 

I  ister  to  Spain,   1779:  one  of   American  Commissioners   who 

I  signed  Treaty  of  Peace  with  Great  Britain  in  1783;  Chief  Jus- 

tice  Supreme  Court  U.  S.,  1789;  died  at  Bedford,  New  York, 
28  May,  i8c2. 

"IX.  Henry  Brockholst,  born  in  New  York  25  Nov.,  1757; 
married  (ist)  Catharine,  daughter  of  Peter  Keteltas  and 
Elizabeth  Van  Zandt,  2  Dec.  1784:  (2d)  Ann,  daughter  of 
Gabriel  Henry  Ludlow  and  Ann  Williams;  (3d)  Catharine, 
daughter  of  Edward  Seaman  and  widow  of  Captain  John 
Kor'tright;  died  18  March,  1823,  at  Washington.  D.  C. 

"X.  Judith,  born  30  Dec,  1758;  married  John  Watkins; 
died  7  July.  1843. 

"XI.  Philip  French,  born  Sept.,  1760;  drowned  at  Hacken- 
sack.  N.  J. 

"XII.  John  Lawrence,  born  15  July.  1762;  lost  at  sea  18 
March,  17S1,  with  the  'Saratoga.'  man-of-war. 

"XIII.    Elizabeth  Clarkson.^born  5  April,  1764 ;  died  young." 

We  may  add  to  the  foregoing  the  following:  The  tenth 
child,  Judith,  according  to  Bolton's  "Hist,  of  Westchester  Co.," 
N.  Y.,  vol.  2,  was  buried  in  the  Jay  plot  in  that  county,  the 
tombstone  reading: 


l66  Proceedings  A^cw  Jersey  Historieal  Society 

"In  memory  of  Judith,  relict  of  John  W.  Watkins,  Esq.,  and 
last  surviving  daughter  of  WilHam  Livingston.  Governor  of 
New  Jersey,  who  departed  this  Hfe  July  /th,  1843,  in  the  83d 
year  of  her  age." 

If  born  in  1760,  as  per  the  work  first  quoted,  she  must  have 
been  nearly  85  at  death  instead  of  83 ;  perhaps  the  latter  is  a 
misprint.  The  eleventh  child,  Philip  French,  was  drowned  in 
May,  1768,  as  a  newspaper  extract  in  the  "N.  J.  Archives," 
vol.  26,  pp.  176,  177,  relates.  The  life  history  of  the  ninth 
child,  Henry  Brockholst,  who  died  while  an  Associate  Justice 
of  the  U.  S.  Supreme  Court,  is  too  well  known  to  need  further 
comment. 

GovERxoR  Ogden's  ELIZABETH  Office. — 'Tn  the  interesting 
article  by  Hon.  Frederick  \V.  Gnichtel  on  "The  End  of  Duel- 
ling in  New  Jersey,"  which  appeared  in  the  July,  1921,  Pro- 
ceedings, in  speaking  of  the  challenge  posted  by  Gibbons  on 
the  door  of  Colonel  (Governor)  Ogden's  office,  he  states  (on 
p.  151)  that  the  office  was  located  in  the  wing  of  a  dwelling 
house  on  Broad  street,  Elizabeth.  This  would  appear  to  be  a 
mistake  in  location,  as  my  present  residence  on  East  Jersey 
street  was,  at  the  time  referred  to.  and  for  many  years,  owned 
and  occupied  by  Aaron  Ogden,  who  had  his  law  office  in  a  wing 
at  the  west  end  of  the  old  building.  This  wing  was  removed 
many  years  ago,  but  I  am  told  forms  part  of  a  house  in  Mor- 
rell  street.  A  photograph  of  this  historic  house,  as  it  exists 
to-day,  is  on  exhibition  in  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society's 
rooms  in  Newark."  W.  R.  D.  (Elizabeth,  N.  J.) 

[Perhaps  we  should  call  attention  also,  even  at  this  late  date, 
to  the  fact  that  the  Thomas  Gibbon,  of  the  article  referred  to. 
was  Thomas  Gibbons,  the  final  "s"  being  left  off  the  name  in 
the  article  by  an  error  of  the  typist  of  Judge  Gnichtel's  con- 
tribution.— Editor]  . 

PosTOFFiCES  IX  New  Jersey  IX  iSoo. — According  to  the 
official  records  in  Washington  the  following  were  all  the  post- 
offices  in  this  State  in  1800: 


Queries  and  Miscellany  167 

Place  Established 

Allentown January  i ,  1 796. 

Amboy   March  20,  1793. 

Atsion   January  i ,  1 798. 

Booneton  (Boonton)   April  i,  1793. 

Bridgetown  East  (Rahway) November  16,  179c. 

^         Bridgetown  West  (Bridgeton) March  20,  1793. 

I  Burlington   April  i,  1798. 

I  Elizabethtown February  3,  1790. 

I         Flemington   January  i,  1795. 

i  Hackensack  April  i,  1798. 

i         Hacketstown July  i,  1795. 

I  Hamburg  October  i,  1795. 

j  Johnsonburg January  20,   1796. 

f  Middletown  Point April  i,  1795. 

I  Monmouth January  i,  1795. 

I  Morristown March  20,  1793. 

I  Newark February  16,  1790. 

I  New  Brunswick   October  i,  1797. 

I  New  Germantown January  i,  1795. 

I  Newtown  (Newton) July  i,  1797. 

j  Pittston   (Pittstown) January   i,   1795. 

i  Plainfield    April  i,  1800. 

\  Prmceton  February  16,  1790. 

Rahway October  i,  1797. 

Rockaway March  20,  1793. 

South  Kingston October  i,  1797. 

Trenton  February  16,  1790. 

Tuckerton January  i,  1798. 

Woodbridge    July  31,  1792. 

Woodbury March  20,  1793. 

Woodstown   March  20,  1793. 

CoDDiNGTOX. — "David  Coddington,  who  is  buried  at  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J.,  was  born  July  31,  1801.  Desire  to  know  the 
place  of  his  birth  and  name  of  his  father." 

V.  C.  S.  (Strafford,  Pa.) 


l68  Proceedings  Nctv  Jersey  Historical  Society  | 

Long,  the  Tory  Schoolmaster. — "In  the  last  Proceedings  ] 

(January,  pp.  25,  26)  mention  is  made  in  the  Revohitionary  1 

Record  of  Henry  Williams  of  one  Long,  a  Tory  schoolmaster,  i 

of  Rahway,  N.  J.     An  unpublished  document  in  the  Public  j 

Record  Office  in  London  (F.  O.  4/1)  gives  a  different  version  j 

of  the  execution  of  Thomas  Long  (to  give  him  his  full  i.ame).  1 

According  to  this  document,  which  is  a  petition  of  a  conspicu-  \ 

ous  New  Jersey  Loyalist,  John  Smith  Hatfield,  a  native  of  1 

Elizabethtown,  Long  was  executed  after  enduring  the  barbar- 
ous punishment  of  chopping  oft  his  fingers  and  toes  for  the 
kindly  action  of  informing  Loyalists  of  the  condition  of  their  | 

separated  families.    As  a  reprisal  for  this  execution,  one  Ste-  \ 

phen  Ball,  a  self-confessed  spy  and  one  of  the  leaders  in  in-  j 

flicting  this  torture  upon  the  schoolmaster,  was  apprehended  I 

and  executed.  \ 

"Captain  Cornelius  Hatfield,  of  the  New  Jersey  Volunteers,  I 

hailing  from  Elizabethtown  and  probably  a  brother  or  kins-  i 

man  of  John  Smith  Hatfield,  was  responsible  mainly  for  the  | 

capture  and  execution  of  Ball.     (See  Stryker's  *N.  J.  Volun-  | 

teers,'  p.  49).  i 

"John   Smith   Hatfield   in  his   petition   says   he    (Hatfield)  | 

acted  during  the  Revolutionary  War  as  a  guide  for  the  British  j 

Army  in  New  Jersey  and  as  a  pilot  for  naval  vessels.     With  ] 

Captain  Cornelius  Hatfield  and  Samuel  Man  he  went  to  Spring-  1 

field,  N.  J.,  and  captured  Colonel  Ogden  and  Captain  Daton  and  \ 

took  them  to  New  York  as  prisoners.  He  was  also  instrumental  | 

in  capturing  Matthias  Halsted,  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  Colonel  j 

Thomas  and  Captain  Smith,  as  well  as  a  number  of   'other  \ 

notorious  rebels  and  persecutors  of  the  Loyalists,  so  that  all  \ 

of  them  dreaded  and  hated  him.'  j 

"The  petition  of  this  New  Jersey  Loyalist  is  a  contemporary  ] 

piece  of  evidence  of  the  extreme  bitterness  of  the  personal  j 

enmity  between  the  Revolutionists  and  the  Loyalists.  None 
were  more  active  and  zealous  on  the  Loyalist  side  than  those 
of  American  birth."  E.  A.  J.  (Pwllheli,  Wales). 

[The  interested  reader  may  consult  further,  as  to  Capt. 
Hatfield,  Clayton's  "Hist,  of  Union  and  Middlesex  Cos.,"  p.  94. 
— Editor]. 


f  Queries  and  Miscellany  169 

Gordon. — "I  notice  on  page  9  of  January  Proceedings  you 
state  that  Robert  Gordon  was  a  brother  of  Thomas  Gordon. 
Thomas  had  a  brother  Robert,  but  this  is  not  he.  Thomas  was 
of  the  Pitlurg  family,  while  Robert  Gordon  was  of  the  Clunie 
family  of  Gordons,  separate  branches  of  the  Gordon  family." 
I  D.  McG.  (East  Orange,  N.  J  ) 

I  "There  is  a  slight  error  on  page  9  in  the  January  Proceed- 

I  INGS,  stating  that  Robert  Gordon,  whose  letter  therein  appears, 
I  is  the  brother  to  Thomas  Gordon.  You  will  recall  that  Thomas 
I  Gordon  was  of  the  Pitlurg  family,  whilst  Robert  Gordon 
1  bought  Clunie  and  described  himself  as  'Robert  Gordon  of 
I  Clunie,'  but,  in  fact,  he  was  of  the  Gordonston  family.     His 

;■  eldest  brother  was  Sir  Ludowick  Gordon  of  Gordonston  and 

!  their  sister  married  David  Barclay,  which  thus  made  him  the 

I  uncle  of  Robert  and  David  Barclay  mentioned  in  the  article. 

I  His  son  Augustin,  calling  himself  an  apothecary,  had  lands 

I  near  Freehold  in  1701,  but  died  in  London  in  1712,  leaving  a 

!  wife,  Margaret,  and  a  son,  William,  mentioned  in  his  will  filed 

i  at  Somerset  House,  London.    If  he  had  other  children,  he  does 

!  not  mention  them.    A  more  elaborate  statement  about  this  Rob- 

j  ert,  besides  other  Gordons,  will  be  found  in  No.  5868  of  'Jersey 

I  Genealogy,'    as    published    in    the    Newark    'Evening    News.' 

Therein  I  stated  as  a  theory,  that  Robert  Gordon  of  Clunie 
'was  doubtless  too  advanced  in  years  to  emigrate,'  and  Robert 
Gordon  in  the  letter  states  as  a  fact :  'There  are  considera- 
tions before  me  which  makes  me  inclyne  very  much  to  be  an 
inhabitant,  as  well  as  a  Proprietor  in  that  country ;  only  I  would 
be  first  informed  how  I  may  live  there,  that  I  might  satisfy 
those  I  am  nearly  concerned  to  be  with  me  there,  who  tell  me 
I  am  now  old  and  have  here  a  home  and  settlement,"  etc. 

W.  W.  G.  (Savannah,  Ga.) 

Graves  in  New  Jersey  Churches. — "On  p.  76  of  the  Janu- 
ary Proceedings  you  ask  for  knowledge  of  New  Jersey 
churches  in  which  burials  beneath  the  church  floors  have  been 
permitted.  One  such,  I  feel  sure,  is  the  old  Episcopal  church, 
St.  Mary's,  in  Burlington.  The  first  Grand  Master  of  Masons 
in  the  Province   is  buried  there,  viz.,   Col.   Daniel   Coxe,  b. 


170  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

in  England  about  1664  and  died  at  Trenton,  N.  J.,  in  1739;  one 
of  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Jersey.  In  1905 
a  resokition  introduced  by  me  in  the  Grand  Lodge,  F.  and  A. 
M.  of  New  Jersey,  was  passed  providing  that  a  bronze  tablet 
mark  his  grave,  and  such  tablet  was  placed  on  the  wall  near 
the  chancel  of  the  church."  E.  A.  P.  (Newark,  N.  J.) 

"The  statement  regarding  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Bask- 
ing Ridge  has  suggested  to  me  the  conditions  at  St.  John's 
Church,  Elizabeth,  of  which  I  am  senior  Warden.  There  is 
no  cellar  under  the  greater  part  of  the  church  building,  but 
some  years  ago,  when  the  flooring  was  taken  up  for  some 
changes  which  were  being  made,  we  found  that  there  were 
graves  under  the  church.  The  probable  explanation,  however, 
is  the  same  as  at  Basking  Ridge.  The  original  church,  the  erec- 
tion of  which  was  begun  in  1706,  was  a  small  brick  building 
and  occupied  only  a  portion  of  the  site  of  the  present  large 
Gothic  structure  erected  in  1859.  From  this  it  would  appear 
that  the  graves  in  question  were  outside  the  original  building, 
though  of  course  it  is  possible  that  some  interments  were  made 
in  the  old  church  in  accordance  with  English  custom." 

W.  R.  D.  (Elizabeth,  N.  J.) 
"Regarding  graves  in  churches,  it  was  a  very  common  cus- 
tom for  the  pastors  and  official  members  of  a  church  to  be 
honored  with  burial  in  their  own  church.     See  p.   155   (foot- 
note)  in  vol.  12,  First  Series,  'N.  J.  Archives.' 

F.  H.  S.  (Woodbury,  N.  J.) 
[The  reference  referred  to  by  "F.  H.  S."  states  that  Archi- 
bald Home,  of  Trenton,  member  of  N.  J.  Council  under  Gov- 
ernor ^lorris,  who  died  in  March,  1744,  was  "buried  in  a  vault 
under  the  broad  aisle  of  the  First  Presby.  church  in  that  city; 
this  vault  was  revealed  when  the  church  was  taken  down  in 
1805."- — Editor]. 

Burnet. — "Information  is  wanted  concerning  the  descend- 
ants of  Moses  Burnet,  of  Brookhaven,  Long  Island,  who  de- 
ceased 1741.  leaving  two  sons,  Justus  and  William.  The  latter 
removed  to  Gloucester  Co.,  N.  J.,  about  1760.  He  died  at  Egg 
Harbor  1S19.    Justus  and  his  sisters  probably  removed  to  Essex 


Queries  and  Miscellany  171 

Co.,  N.  J.    Three  of  the  sons  of  WilHam,  viz.,  Joshua,  Robert 
and  Jonas  Burnet,  went  to  Clermont  co.,  Ohio,  about  1816." 

F.  H.  S.  (Woodbury,  N.  J.) 

Casier. — "In  the  Proceedings  of  iS/S-'jj  (Second  Ser^'es, 
vol.  IV,  p.  187),  it  is  noted  that  Judge  Samuel  Johnston,  of 
Hunterdon  co.,  m.,  as  his  second  wife,  in  1740,  Mary  Casier. 
Can  she  be  connected  v.-ith  Phillipe  or  Peter,  grandsons  of 
PhilHpe  Casier  isi,  mentioned  in  Riker's  'History  of  Harlem,' 
p.  220?  From  Harlem  the  family  went  to  Staten  Island  in 
1676."  A.'C.  P.  (Brooklyn,  N.  Y.) 

Van  Arsdale. — "During  the  year  1740,  a  settlement  of  Hol- 
landers and  French  Huguenots  was  made  near  Gettysburg, 
Adams  county,  Pa.,  which,  until  1800,  belonged  to  York  county. 
From  indications,  these  settlers  came  to  Pennsylvania  from 
Bergen  and  adjoining  counties  of  New  Jersey.  Among  these 
settlers  were  Van  Arsdales.  Cosines,  jNIontforts,  Cozarts  and 
others.  Simon  Van  Arsdale,  who  became  a  IMajor  in  the  Revo- 
lution, was  one  of  these  early  settlers.  He  is  supposed  to  have 
been  married  to  Ellen  Cousine  (or  Cosine).  I  should  like  to 
know  the  date  of  the  birth  of  Simon  Van  Arsdale  and  that  of 
his  wife,  and  the  time  of  their  marriage." 

G.  R.  P.  (York,  Pa.) 

[It  is  not  certain  to  us  that  i\Iajor  Van  Arsdale  was  born  in 
New  Jersey,  although  there  were  families  of  those  named 
above  who  went  from  Somerset  county  to  Conewago,  York 
CO.,  Pa.,  previous  to  the  Revolution.  Those  from  Bergen 
chiefly  bore  other  names,  such  as  Brinckerhof,  Bogart.  Dem- 
arest,  Ackerman,  etc.  \\^e  more  than  suspect  that  Major  Simon 
was  born  in  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  a  descendant  of  the  Simon  Van 
Artsdalen  (b.  1697)  and  Yannetje  Romeyn,  who  were  of  Som- 
erset county  in  early  life,  but  later  went  to  Bucks  county.  Pa. — 
Editor]. 

Flvinx.,  or  "Air  Ship,"  of  1817. — A  copy  of  "The  Times." 
of  New  Brunswick,  dated  Nov.  13,  1817,  lying  before  us,  gives 
an  account  from  "a  German  Journal"  (without  naming  it)  of 


172  Proceedings  Nezc  Jersey  Historical  Society  j 

an  "Air  Ship"  invented  by  a  country  clergyman  in  Lower  Sax-  J 
ony.  It  says:  "The  machine  is  built  of  hght  wood;  it  is  made  I 
to  float  in  the  air  chiefly  by  means  of  the  constant  action  of  a  • 
pair  of  bellows,  of  a  peculiar  construction,  which  occupies  in  : 
the  front  the  position  of  the  lungs  and  neck  of  a  bird  on  the  I 
wings.  The  wings  on  both  sides  are  directed  by  thin  cords.  \ 
The  height  to  which  the  farmer's  boy  (lo  or  12  years  of  age),  j 
whom  the  inventor  has  instructed  in  the  management  of  it,  had  ^ 
hitherto  ascended  with  it,  is  not  considerable,  because  his  atten- 
tion has  been  more  directed  to  give  a  progressive  than  ascend- 
ing motion  to  his  machine."  It  then  states  that  a  forest  ranger  3 
used  it  between  Alanheim  and  Schwerzinger  and  back,  ordinar-  •■ 
ily  four  hours  by  post-travel,  within  one  hour.  The  weight  was  ^ 
50  pounds !  Who  shall  now  say  that  Wright  invented  the  air  ] 
ship  ?  j 


Governor    Hamilton's    Correspondences. — Colonel    An-  •/ 

drew  Hamilton,  who  was  Governor  of  East  and  West  Jersey  J 

from  1692  to  1697,  and  held  other  important  offices,  besides  j 

that  of  Postmaster-General  for  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania,  I 

is  well  represented  in  our  "New  Jersey  Archives,"  but  chiefly  i 

from  Colonial  documents  in  the  State  Paper  offices  in  London.  t 

A  correspondent  of  the  Proceedings,  Mr.  George  A.  Taylor,  1 

who  has  been  searching  in  the  "Massachusetts  Archives  De-  I 

partment"  in  Boston,  sends  us  some  early  correspondence  of  j 

1692,  which  does  not  explain  itself,  and  which  arouses  our  \ 

curiosity  as  to  just  what  it  means.    The  Governor  did  not  ar-  ? 

rive  here,  after  his  appointment  as  Governor  (although  he  had  1 

been  in  New  Jersey  before  as  Deputy-Governor,  1687-1690)  ; 

until  September,  1692.    On  Jan.  6,  1693.  he  ^vrote  this  peculiar  j 

letter  to  "Secretary  Addington,"  of  Massachusetts,  as  the  en-  j 

dorsement  shows,  and,  according  to  such  endorsement,  "desir-  j 

ing  the  favor  of  Massachusetts"  (we  do  not  follow  the  pecu-  j 
liar  ancient  abbreviations  of  the  letter,  as  that  only  makes  the 

reading  difficult)  :  1 

"Sir  :   These  humbly  kiss  your  hands  and  intreat  a  convey-  \ 

ance  for  the  inclosed.     Their  purport  is  to  interest  his  Excel-  \ 

lency's  assistance  and  countenance  in  a  project  recommended  to  1 


Queries  and  Miscellany  173 

him  by  the  Queen,  which  I  have  begged  his  Excellency  to  move 
in  Council,  and  he  and  Council  to  recommend  it  to  the  General 
Assembly.  The  further  account  I  refer  to  her  Majesty's  let- 
ter, which  please  deliver  to  his  Excellency  in  Council.  I  thought 
to  have  delivered  it  in  my  own  hand,  as  I  have  written  to  his 
Excellency,  but  upon  second  thoughts  I  find  it  most  convenient 
to  forward  them  in  case  the  Assembly  might  now  be  sitting,  or 
may  sit  before  I  can  reach  Boston,  and  I  am  unwilling  any  op- 
portunity should  be  lost  in  this  useful  undertaking ;  and  I  am. 
Sir, 

"Your  most  Humble  Servant, 
"New  York,  6th  Jan'y,  1692  [-3].  And.  Hamilton." 

;.  The  draft  of  answer  was  as  follows : 

f  "Sir  :    I  received  yours  of  the  6th  current,  together  with  the 

i  inclosed,  which   were  delivered  according  to  your  directions, 

I  and  her  J^Iajesty's  letter  was  read  in  Council  the  next  day.     I 

I  doubt  not  but  you  will  have  all  necessary  assistance  and  coun- 

i  tenance  in  the  management  of  the  affair  thereby  recommended. 

\  "The  Assembly  have  been  up  ever  since  the  i6th  of  Decem- 

I  ber,  and  have  a  recess  until  the  8th  of  February  next;  at  such 

I  time  they  may  have  the  consideration  of  what  is  proper  for 

j  them  therein.     I  shall  be  glad  to  be  serviceable  unto  you  in 

I  anything  within  my  Province  at  your  coming  into  these  parts, 

I  and  in  the  meantime  crave  to  kiss  your  hand.    Sir, 

I  "Your  Humble  Servant, 

:  "Boston,  Jan'y  21st,  1692/3." 

I  Foregoing  not  signed  because  original  draft.     Now,  what 

;  were  the  instructions,  or  desire,  in  "her  Majesty's  letter"?  We 

have  found  nothing  directly  bearing  upon  it  in  the  documents 

printed  in  the  "New  Jersey  Archives,"  Vol.  i,  nor  elsewhere, 

but  would  like  to  know  to  what  matter  these  letters  referred. 

Soldiers  in  the  Revolution. — Various  works  on  the  Revo- 
lutionary War  may  be  consulted  without  the  discovery  of  how 
many  men  in  all  were  engaged  in  the  various  States  on  the 
American  side  from  1775  to  1783.  Usually  the  number  is  pop- 
ularly supposed  to  have  been  small,  because  Washington  never 
had  many  thousand  under  his  command  at  one  time.  But  a 
compilation  made  by  the  War  Department  at  Washington  (date 
not  at  hand)  showed  these  figures.     Of  course  they  embraced 


174  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

all  who  in  anyway  were  recognized  in  Continental  or  State  ser- 
vice (Line  or  Militia),  yet  they  are  far  more  than  is  generally 
understood.     The  compilation  is  given  as  follows : 

Massachusetts    92,562     New  Jersey 19,282 

Virginia 52,718     New  Hampshire 18,289  | 

Connecticut    42,831     Georgia 12,579  I 

Pennsylvania  34^965     Rhode  Island 11,692  j 

South  Carolina 3i»358     Delaware 3.763  I 

New  York 29,843  j 

Massachusetts    23,476         Total    395.-324  i 

North  Carolina 21,969  1 

1 
In  this  connection  it  may  be  noted  that  the  population  of  the  I 

thirteen  States  in  1790  (the  nearest  Census  to  the  War  time)  = 

was  3,172,444.  ■      I 

J 

Barclay. — "In  Chambers'  'Early  Germans  of  New  Jersey,'  1 

(p.  254),  it  is  stated  that  Robert  and  David  Barkley  were  two  { 

of  the  Proprietors  to  whom  the  Duke  of  York  gave  the  grant,  | 

or  sale,  of  East  New  Jersey,  i682-'3  ;  that  Robert  was  appointed  ^ 

Governor ;  that  in  part  Robert's  rights  descended  to  his  brother  | 

John,  who  came  to  East  Jersey ;  and  suggests  that  the  families  j 

of  Barclay  and  Bartley  in  Somerset  county  descended  from  | 

this  John.    Can  this  be  proven?"  } 

(R.  L.  K.,  St.  Paul,  Minn.)  j 

[The  correct  spelling  of  the  Governor  was  Barclay,  not  Bark-  1 

ley.     Whitehead  says  ("East  Jersey,"  p.  43),  that  John  Bar-  I 

clay  left  "one  son,  John,  of  whom  nothing  was  known,  except-  I 
ing  that  he  was  alive  in  1768."    So  far  as  we  know  the  line  of 
late  and  present  Barclays  in  this  State  has  not  been  printed. — 
Editor]. 


New  Jersey  Historical  and  Patriotic  Societies         175 

NEW  JERSEY  HISTORICAL  AND  PATRIOTIC 
SOCIETIES 

State  Society 

New  Jersey  Historical  Society,  16  West  Park  Street,  New- 
ark. Organized  1845.  Corr.  Secretary,  A.  Van  Doren 
Honeyman,  Plainfield,   N.  J, 

County  Societies 

Atlantic  County  Historical  Society,  Pleasantville.     Organized 

1913.     Corr.  Secretary,  Mrs.  Franklin  G.  Turner,  Ab- 

secon. 

Bergen    County   Historical   Society,   Hackensack.     Organized 

I  1901.     Secretary,   Theodore   Romaine,    158   Main   St., 

f  Hackensack. 

I        Burlington  County,  The  Historical  Society  of,  Moorestown. 
I  Organized  1908.     Corr,  Socretary,  William  T.  Reeve, 

I  Moorestown, 

I         Camden  County  Historical  Society,  Camden.    Organized  1889. 
j  Secretary,  John  F.  Harned,  424  Market  St.,  Camden. 

\        Gloucester  County  Historical  Society,  Woodbury.     Organized 
I  1903-     Secretary,  William  M.  Carter,  Woodbury. 

I        Hudson  County  Historical  Society,  Jersey  City.     Organized 
1908,     Corr,   Secretary,  Ripley  Watson,   15  Exchange 
Place,  Jersey   City, 
Hunterdon   County  Historical   Society,   Flemington,     Organ- 
ized 1885.     Corr.  Secretary,  Elias  Vosseller,  Fleming- 
ton. 
Monmouth  County  Historical  Association.     Organized    1898. 
Corr.  Secretary,  Mrs.  Isabella  Hull  Hallock,   i   Pros- 
pect Ave.,  Red  Bank. 
Salem   County   Historical   Society,    Salem.      Organized    1884. 

Secretary,  George  W.  Price,  Salem. 
Somerset  County  Historical  Society,   Somerville.     Organized 

1882.     Corr.  Secretary,  John  F.  Reger,  Somerville. 
Sussex  County  Historical  Society,  Newton.     Organized  1904. 

Corr.  Secretary,  Charles  E,  Stickney,  Newton. 
Union  County  Historical  Society,  EHzabeth.    Organized  1920. 
Secretary,  James  C.  Connelly,  120  Broad  St.,  Elizabeth. 


176  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Other  Historic  and  Patriotic  Societies 
New   Brunswick  Historical  Club,   New   Brunswick.     Organ- 
ized   1870.     Secretary,    Prof.    Richard   Morris,    Ph.D., 
New  Brunswick. 
New  Jersey  Society  of  the  Colonial  Dames  of  America.    Head- 
quarters at  "The  Old  Barracks,"  Trenton.     Corr.  Sec- 
retary, Mrs.  William  McKendree  Morris,  Bordentown. 
New  Jersey  Society  of  the  Order  of  the  Founders  and  Patriots 
of   America.     Organized   1896.      Secretary,   George  J. 
Gedney,  50  Montclair  Ave.,  jMontclair. 
New  Jersey  Society  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution.     (See 

Proceedings,  April,  1921,  p.  128). 
Perth  Amboy  Historical  Society.    Just  organized. 
Plainfield  and  North  Plainfield  Historical  Society.     Organized 
1921.     Corr.  Secretary,  Maximilian  P.  E.  Groszmann, 
Plainfield. 
Princeton  Historical  Association,  Princeton.     Organized  1900. 
Corr.  Secretary,  Ernest  C.  Richardson,  Ph.D.,  Princeton, 
Revolutionary  Memorial  Society  of  New  Jersey,  Somerville. 
Organized  1S97.     Corr.  Secretary,  Mrs.  James  J.  Ber- 
gen, Somerville. 
Sewaren  History  Club,  Sewaren.     Organized  1908.    Corr.  Sec- 
retary, Mrs.  C.  A.  de  Russy,  89  Rahway  Ave.,  Wood- 
bridge. 
Society  of  Sons  of  the  Revolution  in  the  State  of  New  Jersey. 
Organized    1891.      Secretary,    Horace    F.    Nixon,    317 
Market  St.,  Camden. 
Trenton  Historical  Society,  Trenton.     Organized  1919.     Sec- 
retary, Dr.  Carlos  E.  Godfrey,  P.  O.  Box  495,  Trenton. 
Vineland  Historical  and  Antiquarian  Society,  Vineland.     Or- 
ganized 1864.    Secretary,  Frank  D.  Andrews,  Vineland. 
Washington  Association  of  New  Jersey,  Morristown.    Organ- 
ized 1874.     Corr,  Secretary,  Henry  C.  Pitney,  Morris- 
town. 
Washington  Camp  Ground  Association,  Bound  Brook.    Organ- 
ized 1889.     Secretary,  H.  A,  Suydam,  Bound  Brook. 
Woman's   Burlington  County  Historical  Society,  Burlington. 
Organized    1915.     Secretary,    Mrs.    Charles   F,    Allen, 
Riverton. 


^  ' 


^ 


1/        03 


Proceedings 

i  of  the 

New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

\  TT/^T  TTTT  NEW  SERIES 

?  VOL.   VII.  JULY,   1922  No.   3 

i  — 

I 

I  THE  BOARD  OF  PROPRIETORS  OF  EAST  JERSEY^ 

f  BY  DAVID  MCGREGOR,  EAST  ORANGE,  N.  J. 

I  When  Philip  Carteret  was  appointed  Governor  of   Nova 

I  Caesarea,  or  New  Jersey,  on  February  lo,  1665,  by  the  Lords 

I  Proprietors,  Sir  George  Carteret  and  Lord  Berkeley,  he  was 

I  empowered  by  them  to  "nominate  and  take  unto  him  twelve 

J  able  men  at  most,  and  six  at  least,  to  be  of  his  Council  and  as- 

I  sistance,  or  any  number  between   six  and  twelve  unless  we 

I  have  made  choice  of,  or  shall  choose  all  or  any  of  them.'" 

I  The  Governor,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  his 

I  Council,  or  any  three  or  more  of  the  six,  or  five  or  more  of  a 

greater  number,  was  given  full  and  absolute  authority  to  let, 
I  sell,  convey  and  assure  the  lands  of  the  Province  in  accord- 

I  ance  with  the  "Concessions  and  Agreements"  of  the  Lords 

j  Proprietors;  also  to  make,  do,  perform,  and  execute  all  matters 

I  relating  or  concerning  the  governn]ent  of  the  Province,  both 

civil  and  military.'     They,  along  with  twelve  Representatives 
i  to  be  chosen  by  the  Freeholders,  were  to  constitute  the  General 

!  Assembly  of  the  Province,  meeting  at  a  time  and  place  of  their 

own  appointing,  under  the  Presidency  of  the  Governor  or  his 
Deputy,  to  enact  such  laws,  acts  and  constitutions  as  would  be 
necessary  for  the  well  government  of  the  Provinte,  these  to  be 
in  force  for  one  year  and  no  more,  unless  confirmed  by  the 
Lords  Proprietors;  also  to  establish  Courts,  impose  taxes, 
create  ports,  grant  charters,  constitute  military  companies, 
grant  naturalization,  provide  for  the  support  of  the  Governor, 
defray  all  government  expenses,  and  collect  the  quit-rents  free 


'For  convenience,  the  references  given  in  the  body  of  this  article  are 
placed  at  the  end. — Editor. 
12 


178  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  i 

of  cost  to  the  Lords  Proprietors;  the  Representatives  of  the  ] 

Freeholders  to  have  the  right  to  make  direct  appeal  to  the  Pro-  \ 

prietors,  without  the  consent  of  the  Governor  and   Council,  i 

concerning  any  grievance  they  might  have  against  them.  | 

In  relation  to  land  grants,  the  General  Assembly  was  to  pre-  | 

scribe  the  amount  of  lands,  known  as  headlands,  to  be  allotted  to  ^ 

the  heads  of  families  and  their  servants,  who  came  out  to  settle  | 

in  the  Province,  not  to  exceed  the  definite  amounts  allowed  to  ] 

each  by  the  Proprietors'  Concessions,  and  to  make  rules  for  \ 

the  casting  of  lots  for  land  and  the  laying  out  of  the  same;  * 

while  the  final  disposal  of  lands  was  reserved  to  the  Governor  | 

and  his  Council,  he,  with  the  approval  of  a  majority  of  them,  to  r^ 

make  warrants  and  seal  grants  in  accordance  with  the  Con-  | 

cessions  and  the  prescriptions  of  the  General  Assembly.  * 

The  General  Assembly  met  for  the  first  time  at  Elizabeth-  | 

town  on  May  26,  166S,  and  enacted  laws  for  the  government  of  { 

the  Province,  but  dissensions  soon  arose  between  the  Assembly-  | 

men  on  the  one  hand  and  the  Governor  and  Council  on  the  | 

other,  as  to  their  relative  legislative  functions  and  respective  | 

powers ;  the  former  claiming  the  right  to  sit  and  deliberate  with  | 

the  latter  in  all  matters  as  one  legislative  body,'  while  the  Gov-  | 

ernor  insisted  that  they  sit  and  act  as  a  separate  and  subordinate  | 

branch  of  the  Legislature.  | 

Carteret's  interpretation  of  the  Concessions  in  this  matter  1 

was  eventually  approved  of  by  the  Lords  Proprietors,  who,  on 
the  6th  of  December,  1672,  issued  "A  Declaration  of  the  True 
Intent  and  Meaning  of  the  Concessions,"*  in  which  they  stated 
that  it  was  their  understanding  that  the  Governor  and  Council 
were  to  sit  by  themselves,  and  the  Deputies  or  Representatives 
by  themselves,  their  acts  being  subject  to  the  approval  of  the 
Governor  and  Council.  At  the  same  time  they  ordered  that, 
among  other  things,  the  Assembly  should  have  nothing  further 
to  do  or  say  in  regard  to  the  disposal  of  lands  or  the  issuing  of 
warrants  for  the  same,  these  matters  to  be  acted  on  by  the 
Governor  and  Council,  ivithout  the  Assembly,  and  in  case  the 
Council  or  any  part  of  them  be  not  present,  the  grants  were  to 
be  rendered  effectual  if  signed  by  the  Governor  and  Secretary 
only;  thereby  taking  the  matter  of  land  grants  entirely  out  of 


f  The  Board  of  Proprietors  of  East  Jersey  179 

the  hands  of  the  Assemblymen,  and  placing  it  in  the  hands  of 
the  two  chief  officers  of  the  Province,  with  or  without  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Council. 

When  the  Province  was  divided  in  1674  between  Sir  George 
Carteret  and  Lord  Berkeley  into  East  and  West  Jersey,  these 
Concessions  and  "Interpretations"  were  confirmed  by  Sir 
George  Carteret  as  applying  to  East  Jersey,'  and  they  con- 
tinued in  force  until  the  possession  of  it  passed  into  the  hands 
of  the  twenty-four  Proprietors,  whom  we  shall  refer  to  as  the 
General  Proprietors,  to  distinguish  them  from  the  Lords  Pro- 
prietors. 

The  new  Proprietors  appointed  Robert  Barclay  of  Urie  to 
be  Governor,'  and  selected  two  of  their  number,  Thomas  Rud- 
yard  and  Samuel  Groome,  "honest  and  prudent  men,"  to  rep- 
resent them  in  the  Province.     The  former  had  two  commis- 
?  sions,  one  for  Secretary  and  Register,  and  the  other  for  Deputy- 

I  Governor;  while  the  latter  had  also  two  commissions  given 

I  him,  one  for  Surveyor-General  and  the  other  for  Receiver- 

I  General,  all  dated  September  16,  1682. 

I  It  is  doubtful,  however,  whether  it  was  the  intention  of  the 

f  Proprietors   that    Rudyard   should   hold   two    such    important 

[  offices  as  Deputy-Governor  and  Secretary  at  one  and  the  same 

I  time,  especially  in  view  of  the  absolute  authority  it  would  give 

I  him  in  regard  to  the  making  of  land  grants,  as  his  signature 

alone  would  then  be  sufficient  to  validate  all  such  grants ;  and 
i  when  we  read  the  commission  given  him  as   Secretary  and 

Register,^  the  incongruity  of  his  being  Deputy-Governor  at  the 
same  time  is  very  apparent.  It  appears,  rather,  that  it  was  the 
expectation  of  the  Proprietors  that  Philip  Carteret  would  con- 
tinue in  their  service  as  Deputy-Governor,  and  give  them  the 
benefit  of  his  extensive  knowledge  and  experience  in  the  affairs 
of  the  Province,  and  that  the  Commission  given  to  Rudyard 
for  Deputy-Governor  was  a  provisional  one,  to  be  used  only 
in  case  Carteret  should  withdraw  from  the  office  or  die,  and 
until  such  time  as  another  might  be  appointed  in  his  place. 
This  is  borne  out  by  the  fact  that  while  Rudyard  took  the  office 
of  Secretary  on  December  i,  1682,  eighteen  days  after  he 
arrived  at  Elizabethtown,  Carteret  continued  to  act  as  Deputy- 


i8o  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Governor,'  and  it  was  not  until  Carteret's  sudden  death  on  De- 
cember lo  that  Rudyard  assumed  the  office  of  Deputy-Gov- 
ernor and  appointed  his  Council,"  and  not  until  ten  days  later 
that  he  took  the  oath  of  office  as  such." 

New  instructions  were  issued"  by  the  General  Proprietors 
for  the  guidance  of  the  officers  and  Council,  accompanied  with 
a  letter  to  the  planters  and  inhabitants,  bespeaking  their  kindly 
interest  and  co-operation  in  the  promotion  of  their  joint  inter- 
ests. It  is  unfortunate  that  no  record  of  these  instructions  are 
now  available  so  that  we  might  be  informed  as  to  the  details ; 
the  only  reference  to  them  that  we  know  of,  apart  from  the 
fact  that  they  were  issued,  is  to  be  found  in  the  Proprietors' 
instructions  to  Governor  Lawrie,  dated  July  20th,  1683,  where 
mention  is  made  of  the  "sixteenth  and  seventeenth  paragraphs" 
thereof,"  relating  to  the  collection  of  quit-rents.  We  have, 
however,  good  reason  to  believe  that  the  Proprietors  had 
decided  to  introduce  a  new  element  into  the  administration  of 
the  affairs  of  government  in  East  Jersey,  particularly  in  regard 
to  the  making  of  land  grants,  by  authorizing  the  resident  Pro- 
prietors, or  their  proxies,  to  take  part  in  the  deliberations  of 
the  Council,  thus  introducing  a  third  factor  in  the  composition 
of  that  body.  This  we  infer  from  the  records  of  the  early 
meetings  of  the  Council  under  Rudyard,  where  the  names  of 
the  Proprietors  then  in  the  Province  appear  as  being  in  attend- 
ance at  the  meetings,  and  are  bracketed  together  under  the 
appellation  of  "Proprietors,""  to  distinguish  them  from  the 
other  members  present,  who  are  classed  as  "of  the  Council." 
A  document  very  recently  brought  to  light  confirms  this  as- 
sumption. It  is  a  letter  of  instructions  from  the  Scots  Pro- 
prietors, written  in  1683  "for  such  as  go  over  there,"  in  which 
they  "authorize  and  commissionate  in  their  name  and  behalf, 
David  Barclay,  Arthur  Forbes,  and  John  Barclay  to  act  for 
them  and  sit  in  Council,  they  having  interest  in  several  pro- 
prieties under  us  as  our  proxies."" 

It  is  further  to  be  inferred  that  it  was  to  be  the  particular 
duty  of  the  resident  Proprietors,  or  their  proxies,  to  consult 
with  and  advise  the  Council  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  land 
grants  in  which  they  as  Proprietors  were  particularly  inter- 


f  The  Board  of  Proprietors  of  East  Jersey  i8i 

ested.  This  is  evident  from  the  fact  that  on  March  2,  1683, 
when  such  matters  were  for  the  first  time  brought  before  Rud- 
yard's  Council  for  consideration  and  action  thereon,  the  claims 
of  John  Inians  (founder  of  New  Brunswick)  and  Josepi;  Ben- 
bridge  were  considered  "by  the  Proprietors  alone  and  also  in 
Council,"''  the  Proprietors  then  present  being  William  Penn, 
Thomas  Rudyard  and  Samuel  Groome.  When  Thomas  Warne 
came  out  two  months  later  his  name  also  appears  in  the  Coun- 
cil records  as  being  in  attendance  as  a  Proprietor,  and  he  was 
present  on  May  31,  1683.  when  several  petitions  for  lands 
I  were  referred  by  the  Council  as  a  whole  to  "the  Deputy  Gov- 

I  ernor  and  Proprietors  now  in  the  Province"  for  their  consider- 

I  ation  and  determination ;  while  on  August  30  of  the  same  year 

I  a  resolution  relative  to  grants  of  land  was  passed  in  the  name 

I  of  "The  Governor,  Proprietors  and  Council. "^^ 

I  It  was  evidently  the  purpose  of  the  General  Proprietors  that 

l  the  making  of  land  grants  should  not  be  exclusively  in  the 

I  hands  of  the  Governor  and  his   Council  as   heretofore,   and 

I  doubtless    their  instructions  to  Rudyard  included  an  order  that 

I  the  consent  of  the  resident  Proprietors  would  be  henceforth 

I  necessary  to  render  any  such  grants  valid, 

j  On  assuming  the  office  of  Deputy-Governor,  Rudyard  con- 

f  tinued  the  personnel  of  the  Council  as  it  existed  under  Carteret, 

I  w^ith  the  addition  of  the  Proprietors  on  the  place,  and  on  March 

I  3.  1683,  appointed  James  Emott  to  be  Deputy-Secretary  during 

I  his  pleasure,^^  which  it  appears  he  had  no  authority  to  do.^* 

!  For  a  time  harmony  seemed  to  prevail  between  the  Governor, 

Proprietors  and  Council,  but  there  soon  arose  differences  be- 
tween the  Proprietors  and  the  other  members  of  the  Council 
in  regard  to  the  laying  out  of  lands;  the  Councilors  siding 
with  the  Governor  against  the  other  Proprietors.  The  partic- 
ular cause  of  this  dissension  was  the  requirement  that  one- 
seventh  part  of  all  allotments  of  land  should  be  reserved  for 
the  exclusive  use  and  benefit  of  the  General  Proprietors,  as 
called  for  in  the  General  Concessions  of  1665.  Surveyor 
Groome  insisted  upon  carrying  out  these  instructions  to  the  let- 
ter, and  absolutely  refused  to  make  any  surveys  without  such  re- 
servations, even  although  ordered  to  do  so  by  the  Governor 


l82  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  I 

and  Council,  in  which  he  was  supported  by  Thomas  Warne,  1 

the  only  other  Proprietor  then  in  the  Council.^^     As  a  result,  I 

the  Governor  and  Council  went  over  Groome's  head  and  ap-  | 

pointed    Philip   Wells,   Surveyor-General   of    New  YorK  and  | 

resident  of  Staten  Island,  to  act  as  Deputy-Surveyor  for  East  \ 

Jersey,  and  make  the  surveys  as  they  directed. ^°     This  brought  \ 

about  a  disruption  between  the  Council  and  the  resident  Pro-  \ 

prietors,  and  the  latter  refrained  from  further  attendance  at  ^ 

any  of  the  meetings  of  the  Council  during  the  remainder  of  j 

Rudyard's  administration  as  Governor.  j 

It  was  the  intention  and  expectation  of  the  General  Pro-  \ 

prietors  that  Robert  Barclay  should  go  to  the  Province  and  ; 

there  assume  his  duties  as  Governor.  This,  however,  he  de- 
clined to  do,  and  they  having  learned  that  things  were  not 
progressing  satisfactorily,  and  that  many  "dissatisfied  and  self- 
ended  persons"^^  were  seeking  to  subvert  their  just  interests  in 
the  Province,  at  the  same  time  realizing  the  danger  of  permit- 
ting Rudyard  to  hold  the  two  most  important  offices,  au- 
thorized Governor  Barclay  to  appoint  another  person  to  hold 
the  office  of  Deputy-Governor.  He  selected  Gawen  I_^w- 
rie,  one  of  the  Scots  Proprietors,  and  sent  him  out  with  the 
view  of  "better  settling"  the  difficulties  that  prevailed  there. 
His  commission  was  dated  July  27,  1683,"  as  were  also  other 
two  blank  commissions,  one  for  a  Surveyor-General  and  the 
other  for  a  Receiver-General,  "to  be  given  to  such  proper  per- 
sons as  may  be  found  upon  the  place, "^^  in  case  Groome  should 
decline  to  serve  further,  his  proprietory  interests  having  been 
sold  by  his  son  to  William  Dockwra  on  July  20th  of  that  year.^* 

Lawrie  arrived  in  the  Province  about  the  first  of  January, 
1684,  and  assumed  the  office  of  Deputy-Governor  on  February 
28th,2'  retaining  Rudyard  as  Secretary  and  Register.  He  re- 
appointed those  who  had  remained  active  in  the  Council  and 
selected  four  other  men  to  fill  the  vacancies,  making  eight  in 
all,  whose  names  were  Colonel  Lewis  Morris  of  Shrewsbury, 
Major  John  Berry  of  Bergen,  Major  William  Sandford  of 
New  Barbadoes,  Captain  Thomas  Codrington  of  Rackawack- 
hacca  (Bound  Brook),  Benjamin  Price  of  Elizabethtown, 
Richard  Hartshorne  of  Middletown,  Samuel  Dennis  of  Wood- 


The  Board  of  Proprietors  of  East  Jersey  183 

"bridge,  and  Henry  Lyon  of  Elizabethtown ;  from  which  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  Provincial  Council  was  a  representative  one. 
consisting  of  prominent  men  chosen  from  among  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  towns  then  in  existence,  the  Capital  being  repres- 
ented by  two,  one  of  whom  was  the  direct  ancestor  of  the 
present  Register  of  the  Board  of  Proprietors,  the  Hon.  Adrian 
Lyon  of  Perth  Amboy. 

In  the  mean  time  Samuel  Groome  had  died,  rendering  vacant 
the  offices  of  Surveyor  and  Receiver-General,  and  Lawrie,  un- 
able to  find  two  persons  suitable  and  eligible  to  hold  them  as 
instructed,  gave  both  commissions  to  his  son-in-law  and  fellow 
countryman,  William  Haig  of  Bemerside."® 

The  General  Proprietors  had  given  orders  to  Lawrie  to  ob- 
;.  serve  the  instructions  last  sent  over  in  regard  to  the  disposing 

^  of  lands  (presumably  those  given  to  Rudyard  but  not  now  on 

i  record),  "and  to  mind  putting  them  in  execution,  and  prosecut- 

f  ing  them  as  if  they  were  particularly  repeated  and  renewed."^' 

i  As  to  legislation  and  the  administration  of  government,  they 

I  prepared  and  sent  out  with  him  a  brand  new  scheme,  of  which 

}  they  felt  they  could  say  "without  vanity,  it  is  both  just  and  kind 

j  to  every  inhabitant  in  the  Province  ;"-^  a  scheme  which  it  is  not 

I  necessary  here  to  discuss  at  length,  as  it  was  never  put  in  force. 

!  By  this  so-called  "Fundamental  Constitution  for  the  Prov- 

I  ince  of  East  Jersey"  there  was  to  be  established  a  Great  Coun- 

I  cil,  consisting  of  the  twenty-four  Proprietors  or  their  proxies, 

i  and  seventy-two  representatives  of  the  towns  and  counties,  a 

•  two-thirds  majority  being  required  to   decide  all  matters   of 

legislation;  this  majority  in  every  case  to  include  at  least  one- 
half  of  the  Proprietors  and  one-half  of  the  Representatives 
present,  which  meant  that  in  a  full  house  thirteen  Proprietory 
votes  could  prevent  the  enactment  of  any  law,  even  though  all 
of  the  seventy-two  Representatives  voted  in  its  favor.  There 
was  also  to  be  established  a  Common  or  Executive  Coimcil  for 
the  continuous  government  of  the  Province,  which  was  to 
consist  of  twenty-four  Proprietors  and  twelve  Representatives 
selected  out  of  the  Great  Council,  these  to  be  divided  into  three 
committees,  each  consisting  of  eight  Proprietors  and  four  Re- 
presentatives, the  latter  to  be  changed  annually,  one  of  these 


184  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  1 

committees  "to  be  for  plantations  and  regulating  of  all  things,  1 

as  well  as  deciding  all  controversies  relating  to  them."  | 

This  was  a  distinctly  reactionary  measure,  seeking  to  put  the  j 

Government  of  the  Province  in  the  absolute  control  of  the  \ 

Proprietors,   and   was   a   radical   departure   from  the   purely  | 

democratic  character  of   the  Government  conceded  to   West  \ 

Jersey  but  six  years  before  by  the  Quaker  Proprietors,  the  most  1 

prominent  of  whom  were  also  Proprietors  of  East  Jersey;  of  | 

which  Government  William   Penn  wrote:  "There  we   lay  a  \ 

foundation  for  after  ages  to  understand  their  liberty  as  men  1 

and  Christians,  that  they  may  not  be  brought  in  bondage,  but  j 

by  their  own  consent,  for  we  put  the  power  in  the  people."  a 

Such  a  decided  change  in  policy,  emanating  apparently  from  ; 

the  same  source,  prompts  an  inquiry  into  the  cause  of  it.  It 
will  be  noted,  in  the  first  place,  that  when  each  of  the  original 
twelve  Quaker  Proprietors  sold  half  of  their  share  of  East 
Jersey  to  another  person,  making  twenty-four  Proprietors  in 
all,  there  was  introduced  into  the  Proprietorship  men  of  dis- 
tinctly different  characteristics  and  affiliations,  both  political 
and  religious,  among  whom  were  the  two  brothers,  James  and 
John  Drummond,  otherwise  known  as  the  Earl  of  Perth  and 
the  Earl  of  Mel  fort,  men  of  pronouncedly  autocratic  tenden- 
cies, who  stood  high  in  the  counsels  of  King  Charles  II,  and 
who,  under  King  James  VII,  became  the  virtual  rulers  of  Scot- 
land. It  was  their  influence  and  standing  which  gave  them  at 
once  places  of  prominence  in  the  Proprietors'  Council.  They 
took  an  active  interest  and  leading  part  in  the  affairs  of  the 
Province  to  begin  with,  and  the  first  to  sign  this  new  scheme  of 
Government  was  John  Drummond,  Earl  of  Melfort  (as  did 
also  the  Earl  of  Perth  and  others  of  the  Proprietors),  which 
would  suggest  that  he  had  had  an  active  part  in  its  preparation, 
if  not  being  its  author ;  and,  as  the  spirit  of  the  scheme  was  in 
perfect  keeping  with  the  principles  that  guided  both  these  men 
in  the  direction  of  home  affairs,  it  does  not  appear  amiss  to 
hold  them  both  responsible  for  the  radical  change  involved. 

It  would  almost  appear  that  this  change  had  been  forced 
upon  the  Proprietors  without  due  consideration,  from  the  fact 
that,  within  a  year,  several  instructions  were  sent  out  by  the 


!  The  Board  of  Proprietors  of  East  Jersey  185 

Proprietors  making  further  alterations  in  the  proposed  Con- 
stitution, and  that  before  any  attempt  had  been  made  to  put  it 
into  effect. 

Lawrie  was  requested  by  the  Proprietors  to  let  the  people 
rightly  understand  the  advantages  yielded  to  them  by  this 
scheme  of  government  and  how  much  it  exceeded  the  former 
Concessions,  which,  if  rightly  understood  by  them,  it  was  hoped 
would  be  a  great  means  to  satisfy  them,  and  to  order  it  passed 
by  the  Assembly.  Although,  as  one  of  the  Proprietors,  he  had 
signed  this  document  before  his  departure  for  America,  Lawrie 
soon  realized  the  danger  of  total  disruption  in  the  government 
of  the  Province,  that  was  sure  to  follow  any  attempt  on  his 
part  to  force  its  adoption  by  the  General  Assembly,  and  he 
decided  to  exercise  his  own  judgment  and  discretion  in  the 
matter,  advising  the  Proprietors  two  months  after  his  arrival 
that  "it  was  not  possible  for  them  to  understand  what  is  good 
I  for  the  Province,  as  he  did  who  was  here."^^ 

I  It  was  not  until  April,  1686,  that  he  formally  presented  it 

i  to  the  Council  and  Assembly  for  their  consideration,  when  it 

I  was  summarily  rejected  on  the  grounds  that  "it  did  not  agree 

I  with  the  Constitution  of  these  parts."     The  delay  in  bringing 

j  it  up  for  action,  and  the  lack  of  any  recorded  protest  on  the 

j  part  of  Governor  Lawrie  or  the  Proprietors  on  its  rejection, 

!  would  seem  to  indicate  that  the  Proprietors  as  a  body  were  not 

at  all  enthusiastic  as  to  its  adoption.     In  fact  they  had  in  the 
j  meantime  adopted  another  method  of  partially  accomplishing 

the  desired  result,  without  being  in  serious  conflict  with  the 
established  methods  of  government  in  the  Province,  viz.,  the 
I  establishment  of  the  Board  of  Proprietors  in  East  Jersey. 

j  About  the  time  of  Lavvrie's  arrival  in  the  Province  the  Gen- 

eral Proprietors  had  been  informed  of  the  dispute  between 
Groome  and  Rudyard  in  regard  to  the  one-seventh  reservations 
in  the  laying  out  of  lands,  and  at  once  wrote  Laurie,  under  date 
of  January  2,  1684,  highly  commending  Groome  for  the  stand 
he  had  taken  rendering  void  the  surveys  made  by  Philip  Wells, 
and  declaring  that  "they  would  never  consent  to  such  a  pre- 
parative [prerogative?]  that  the  Governor  and  Council  there 
shall  dispose  of  our  lands  there,  without  the  consent  of  the 


1 86  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  I 

greater  number  of  the  Proprietors  or  their  proxies,"  which  ] 

further  bears  out  the  presumption  that  the  instructions  given  to  j 

Rudyard  required  that  the  Proprietors  on  the  place,  oi  their  1 

proxies,  should  take  an  active,  if  not  a  deciding,  part  in  the  | 

making  of  all  land  grants.  j 

When  this  communication  was  read  to  the  Council  on  May  \ 

30,   1684,  the  Councilors  gave  evidence  of  their  resentment  \ 

against  such  a  curtailment  of  their  powers  by  refusing  to  take  ^ 

official  notice  of  it,  ostensibly  on  the  ground  that  it  was  directed  j 

to  "the  Governor  and  fellow  Proprietors  in  Council,"  and  not  | 

to  the  Council  as  a  whole  f^  but  Secretary  Rudyard  voiced  the  j 

real  reason  when  he  entered  in  the  minutes  of  the  Council  his  \ 

personal  protest  against  it,  in  which  he  declared  it  "to  be  against 
my  just  interests  and  rights,  and  the  known  received  practices  1 

and  privileges  of  the  Governor  and  Council  of  this  Province,  ; 

in  v/hom  is  the  right  of  granting  land  by  the  General  Conces-  \ 

sions  of  this  Province. "■'^*     In  thus  reverting  back  to  the  orig-  | 

inal  Concessions  as  granted  by  Carteret  and  Berkeley  in  1665,.  I 

Rudyard  completely  ignored  the  instructions    which  had  been  i 

given  him,  and  we  are  almost  inclined  to  charge  him  with  hav-  | 

ing  deliberately  suppressed  them,  in  order  to  serve  his  own  \ 

ends,  which  may  be  the  reason  that  the  document  is  not  now  on  1 

record.  ] 

In  view  of  this  determined  opposition  on  the  part  of  the  | 

members  of  the  Council  to  the  admission  of  the  resident  Pro-  \ 

prietors  or  their  proxies  as  active  members  of  the  Council,  and 
their  persistent  claims  as  to  their  prerogatives  in  the  making  of 
land  grants,  and  also  in  view  of  the  fact  that  quite  a  few  of  the 
Proprietors  or  their  proxies  had  come  out  to  settle  in  the  Prov- 
ince in  the  year  1684,  the  General  Proprietors,  equally  deter- 
mined to  enforce  what  they  considered  their  just  rights  as 
owners  of  the  soil,  issued^^  further  instructions  to  Governor 
Lawrie^®  under  the  date  of  August  i,  1684,  and  sent  them  out 
with  George  Keith,  a  noted  Scottish  Quaker,  to  whom  they  had 
given  a  commission  as  Surveyor-General,  to  replace  William 
Haig  in  that  office. 

This  document  created  a  new  and  distinct  body  to  taken  care 
of  land  grants,  and  may  be  looked  upon  as  the  Charter  of  the- 


The  Board  of  Proprietors  of  East  Jersey  187 

Board  of  Proprietors  of  East  Jersey.  This  body  was  to  con- 
sist of  all  the  Proprietors  and  Proprietors'  proxies  th^n  resi- 
dent in  the  Province,  and  such  others  as  may  later  come  upon 
the  place,  they  to  act  as  Commissioners  along  with  the  Deputy- 
Governor,  "with  full  power  to  act  and  do  for  us,  such  as  we 
ourselves  could  do,  if  present,  for  the  good  of  the  Province." 
The  names  of  these  first  Commissioners,  or  charter  members, 
of  the  Board  of  Proprietors,  were  Thomas  Rudyard,  Thomas 
I  Warne,    David    Toshack,   John    Campbell,    Robert    Fullerton, 

Thomas  Fullerton,  David  Mudie,  James  Johnstone,  John  Bar- 
clay, David  Barclay,  Thomas  Gordon,  Arthur  Forbes,  George 
I  Willocks  and  Captain  Patrick  McGregor,  nine  of  whom  were 

I  to  form  a  quorum,  the  Governor  having  two  votes ;  their  ap- 

i  pointment  was  further  confirmed  by  an  order  dated  July  3, 

I  1685.^^     It  is  interesting  to  note  that,  with  the  exception  of 

!  the  two  first  mentioned,  they  were  all  Scotsmen,  as  was  also 

i  the  Receiver-General,  the  Surveyor-General  and  the  Governor, 

I  who  were  also  members  of  the  Board  by  right  of  their  office, 

j  They  were  to  "approve  and  confirm  such  Acts  of  the  Assembly 

f  as  from  time  to  time  there  shall  be  found  a  necessity  to  estab- 

i  lish,  before  copies  can  be  sent  hither  for  our  consideration, 

j  but,  when  the  Fundamental  Constitutions  are  passed   in  the 

j  Assembly,  then  to  proceed  according  to  them,"  from  which  it 

!  will  be  seen  that  this  legislative  function,  as  part  of  their  duties, 

was  only  a  temporary  one,  to  be  abrogated  when  the  Great  and 
Common  Councils  were  established.  The  principal  and  per- 
manent duties  devolved  on  them  by  this  instrument  were  to 
settle  all  disputies  between  the  Proprietors  and  the  early  plant- 
ers, as  to  their  titles  to  land  and  the  payment  of  quit-rents ;  to 
dispose  of  lots  in  Perth  Amboy;  make  all  purchases  of  land 
from  the  Indians ;  set  out  lands  throughout  the  Province  for 
rent ;  grant  warrants  for  headlands,  and  run  the  division  lines 
between  East  Jersey  and  the  adjoining  Provinces. 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  these  Commissioners  were  ap- 
pointed, as  William  Dockwra  the  agent  of  the  London  Pro- 
prietors said,  "for  the  affairs  of  land."  and  all  official  com- 
munications sent  to  them  from  the  General  Proprietors  were, 
to  begin  with,  addressed  to  "The  Deputy-Governor  and  Com- 


and  three  of  his  (Provincial)  Council  were  to  continue  issuing 
deeds  or  patents  as  before,  without  referring  them  to  the  Com- 
missioners for  their  approval,  but  all  other  land  grants  were  to 
be  made  by  the  Governor  and  three  of  his  (Provincial)  Coun- 
cil, or  four  if  more  than  six  were  in  the  Council,  subject  to  the 
consent  and  approval  of  at  least  five  of  the  Commissioners, 
they  to  signify  such  approval  by  signing  their  names  to  a  copy 
of  each  warrant  in  a  book  kept  for  that  purpose ;  while  the 
patents  issued  on  such  approved  warrants  were  to  be  signed 
and  sealed  by  the  Governor  and  three  of  his  (Provincial) 
Council.  In  other  words,  all  warrants  issued  by  the  Governor 
were  first  to  be  approved  by  the  Commissioners,  and  then  the 
patents  for  the  same  were  to  be  issued  by  the  Governor  and 
Council,  after  being  duly  surveyed  and  properly  registered  by 
the  Surveyor-General  and  Receiver-General. 


1 88  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  \ 

\ 
missioners  appointed,  or  to  be  appointed,  for  the  setting  out 
of  lands  and  other  aflairs  relating  thereto  in  the  said  Province,"  \ 

but  later  abbreviated  to  "The  Deputy-Governor  and  Council  ! 

of  Proprietors."  | 

There  were  thus  from  that  time  on  two  Councils  in  existence  \ 

in   East  Jersey,   both   under  the   presidency   of    the   Deputy-  < 

Governor,  viz.,  the  Provincial  Council  and  the  Council  of  Pro-  | 

prietors,  and  considerable  confusion  has  arisen  in  the  interpret-  ^ 

ation  of  the  records  from  the  similarity  of  names,  the  words  | 

Council  and  Board  being  used  indiscriminately  to  designate  ' 

either  body.  I 

On   November   13,   1684,^^  the  General   Proprietors   issued  | 

further    instructions   enlarging   upon   and   altering   somewhat  | 

those  already  mentioned.     By  them  the  Governor  and  any  five  I 

of  the  Commissioners,  or  a  majority,  if  less  than  five  are  upon  | 

the  place,  were  empowered  to  ratify  all  laws  that  had  already  | 

been  confirmed,  or  would  thereafter  by  act  of  Assembly  be  j 

made;  such  Acts  to  continue  in  effect  for  a  period  of  three  j 

years,  unless  confirmed  by  the  Proprietors ;  and  to  approve  all  1 

appointments  made  by  the  Governor  in  filling  any  vacancy  that  I 

might  occur  in  the  offices  of  Secretary,  Chief  Register,  Sur-  | 

veyor-General,  Receiver-General,  or  any  such  place,  these  of-  j 

fices  pertaining  chiefly  to  the  Council  of  Proprietors,  j 


In  the  matter  of  land  grants  to  servants,  etc.,  the  Governor  J 


The  Board  of  Proprietors  of  East  Jersey  189 

There  was  thus  estabHshed  a  dual  authority,  both  in  the 
matter  of  land  grants  and  in  legislation,  which  under  the  cir- 
cumstances was  bound  to  lead  to  friction  and  confusion.  It 
was  in  the  nature  of  a  compromise  between  the  established 
custom  of  the  previous  administrations  and  the  desire  of  the 
Proprietors  to  put  the  control  of  all  land  grants  entirely  in  the 
hands  of  the  resident  Proprietors  or  their  proxies,  and  at  the 
same  time  to  secure  for  them  an  immediate  supervision  over 
the  Acts  of  the  General  Assembly. 

The  Commissioners,  however,  soon  realized  the  mistake  in 
thus  allowing  the  Provincial  Council  to  have  anything  to  do 
or  say,  in  the  making  of  land  grants.  On  June  11,  1685,^^  they 
entered  their  objections  to  Article  Five  of  the  Instructions 
covering  this  matter,  and  in  January,  1686,''°  they  passed  a 
resolution  that  Governor  Lawrie  sign  all  warrants  for  survey 
of  land  as  formerly,  after  being  granted  by  the  Council  (of 
Proprietors),  and  the  same  to  be  sufficient,  "any  instrument, 
writings  or  orders  to  the  contrary"  (from  the  Proprietors  in 
England)  "notwithstanding,"  thus  taking  the  matter  in  their 
own  hands  and  prohibiting  the  Provincial  Council  thereafter 
from  meddling  in  the  afifairs  of  land. 

The  first  and  only  occasion,  of  which  we  have  any  record, 
when  the  Commissioners  exercised  their  legislative  functions 
was  on  November  15,  1684,*^  when  they  ratified,  or  rather  re- 
ratified,  laws  that  had  been  enacted  under  Rudyard,  from 
March  ist  to  December  15,  1683,*-  and  formally  ratified  by 
Governor  Lawrie  and  Secretary  Rudyard  on  March  i,  1684.*^ 
This  they  had  done  immediately  after  receipt  of  the  charter 
dated  August  ist,  and  it  was  evidently  their  first  act  as  Com- 
missioners. The  proclamation  making  known  this  ratification 
was  addressed,  "To  all  Christian  people  and  others  to  whom 
these  presents  shall  come,"  a  phraseology  in  common  use  at 
that  time  in  public  documents,  deeds,  etc.,  and  was  signed  by 
Gawen  Lawrie,  Thomas  Wame,  Thomas  Fullerton,  George 
Willocks,  David  Mudie,  Thomas  Gordon,  John  Barclay,  and 
Robert  Fullerton;  the  name  of  Thomas  Rudyard  being  con- 
spicuous by  its  absence,  consistently  in  line  with  his  declared 
antagonism  to  the  authority  of  the  Council  of  Proprietors. 


IQO  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  i 

After  the   formal  organization  of  the  Commissioners   into  | 

what  is  now  known  as  the  Board  of  Proprietors  of  East  Jersey,  | 

on  April  9,  1685,  in  Elizabethtown,  they  did  not  exercise  any  \ 

further  ratifying  authority  in  these  matters,  while  at  the  same  | 

time  the  Provincial  Council  ceased  to  have  anything  further  to  \ 

do  with  the  making  of  land  grants,  confining  itself  exclusively  | 

to  its  legislative  and  executive  functions.     Whether  this  separ-  \ 

ation  of  legislative  functions  and  real  estate  transactions  was  | 

brought  about  by  the  voluntary  and  mutual  agreement  of  the  ^ 

Provincial  Council  with  the  Council  of  Proprietors,  or  by  an  i 

order  from  the  General  Proprietors,  it  was  a  most  desirable  | 

change ;  and  while  it  was  not  until  the  surrender  of  the  govern-  ] 

ment  of  the  Province  to  the  Crown  in  1702  that  the  General  \ 

Proprietors  ceased  to  exercise  even  a  semblance  of  government-  j 

al  powers  through  the  Governor  and  Provincial  Council,  the  • 

Board  of  Proprietors  of  East  Jersey  has  been  from  its  organ-  | 

ization,  purely  and  simply  a  society  of  landowners,  its  estate  1 

being  the  Eastern  Division  of  New  Jersey.  } 

It  may  not  have  any  bearing  on  this  subject,  but  it  is,  how-  ; 

ever,  interesting  to  note  that  in  a  recently  discovered  copy  of  j 

the  Charter  above  referred  to"  (once  the  property  of  Robert  1 

Gordon  of  Clunie,  a  prominent  Scots  Proprietor,  and  now  in  ! 

the  possession  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society)  the  pre-  ] 

amble  states :  "Whereas  we  having  considered  the  necessity  in  ; 

order  to  a  full  settlement  and  good  government  of  our  Prov- 
ince," etc,  while  the  printed  copy  of  same  to  be  found  in  Leam- 
ing  and  Spicer's  "Grants  and  Concessions"  reads :  "in  order  to 
a  full  settlement  and  good  of  our  Province."  The  omission  of 
the  word  "government"  in  the  latter,  if  it  was  not  a  mistake  of 
the  copyist,  would  seem  to  indicate  that  it  had  been  the  original 
intention  of  the  Proprietors  to  have  the  Board  of  Proprietors 
exercise  a  controlling  influence  in  the  government  of  the  Prov- 
ince, but  had,  on  more  mature  consideration,  decided  to  with- 
draw that  function  from  it. 

Another  document  recently  acquired  by  the  New  Jersey 
Historical  Society,  entitled  "The  Case  of  the  Earl  of  Perth," 
written  about  a  century  later,  shows  clearly  the  original  func- 
tions of   the   Board  of    Proprietors  as   then  understood.     It 


The  Board  of  Proprietors  of  East  Jersey  191 

states  that  "soon  after  this  grant"  (of  East  Jersey  to  the  Twen- 
ty-four Proprietors)  "they  established  a  Board  or  Council  of 
Proprietors,  who  were  to  make  orders  and  regulations  with 
regard  to  the  management  of  their  landed  property  in  that 
district.  This  Board  consisted  of  such  of  the  Proprietors  who, 
by  themselves  or  their  attorneys,  were  resident  in  New  Jersey, 
and  they  took  upon  themselves  the  care  of  the  lands  belonging 
to  the  General  Proprietors,  and  from  time  to  time  examined 
the  rights  of  the  particular  Proprietors  who  applied  to  them  for 
allotments  of  land,  and  granted  warrants  to  the  Surveyor- 
General  (who  is  an  officer  and  under  their  control  as  being 
chosen  by  them)  to  survey,  allot,  and  appropriate,  such  lands 
as  they  think  proper  to  each  Proprietor  for  the  purpose  of 
making  those  allotments  in  a  proper  manner." 

The  records  of  the  Board  of  Proprietors  as  contained  in  their 
minutes  date  from  April  9,  1685,  when  they  met  and  organized 
at  Elizabethtown.  An  order  was  then  passed  that  minutes  of 
their  meetings  should  be  kept  in  a  book  to  be  provided  for  the 
purpose,  and  that  their  meetings  should  be  secret.  The  mem- 
bers present  on  that  occasion  were  Governor  Lawrie,  Thomas 
Rudyard,  Thomas  Warne,  John  Campbell,  James  Johnstone, 
Thomas  Fullerton,  Thomas  Gordon,  John  Barclay  and  David 
Mudie.**  The  meetings  continued  to  be  held  in  Elizabethtown 
until  July  8,  1686,  when  they  were  transfered  to  Perth  Amboy, 
which  became,  and  still  is,  the  headquarters  of  the  Board  of 
Proprietors  of  East  Jersey. 

The  lack  of  Proprietory  representation  on  the  Provincial 
Council  proved  at  times  a  serious  handicap  to  Governor  Lawrie 
while  seeking  to  carry  out  the  instructions  of  his  superiors,  but 
the  feeling  against  it  seemed  to  be  so  strong  that  it  was  not 
until  Lord  Neil  Campbell  succeeded  him  as  Deputy-Governor 
on  October  8,  1686,  that  any  attempt  was  made  to  change  this 
condition  of  afTairs.  He  brought  about  a  decided  change  in 
the  personnel  of  the  Provincial  Council  by  making  its  member- 
ship partly  Proprietory,  a  characteristic  which  was  maintained 
by  his  successor,  Andrew  Hamilton,  during  his  first  adminis- 
tration as  Deputy-Governor  of  the  Province. 

This  was  no  doubt  in  line  with  instructions  received  from 


192  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  1 

the  Proprietors,  or  at  least  in  pursuance  of  their  wishes,  their  1 

feelings  in  this  matter  being  expressed  in  an  address  they  I 

presented  to  King  James  in  June,  1687,  in  answer  to  a  demand  \ 

he  had  made  on  them  to  surrender  the  government  of  the  \ 

Province  into  his  hands,  wherein,  after  making  several  conces-  \ 

sions  in  order  to  secure  his  good  will  and  yet  retain  the  right  j 

to  govern,  the  General  Proprietors  requested  his  Majesty  "to  | 

direct  that  some  of  their  proxies  in  the  Province  shall  be  al-  ^ 

ways  of  the  Governor's  Council/'*^  so  that  they  might  thus  be  ] 

able  to  exercise  some  influence  in  the  government  of  the  Prov-  | 

ince,  and  preserve  their  own  interests ;  showing  how  much  they  ] 

realized  that  it  had  become  necessary  to  have  a  Royal  mandate  \ 

to  support  them  in  their  attempt  to  break  the  long-established 
custom  in  the  selection  of  Councilors.  \ 

While  the  General  Assembly  ceased  to  have  anything  further 
to  do  with  the  granting  of  lands,  there  is  one  occasion  on  re- 
cord, March  3.  1699,  when  they  passed  an  act  to  correct  and 
validate  some  patents  issued  by  Philip  Carteret  that  were  de- 
fective in  the  wording.  This  was  done  against  the  protest  of 
George  Willocks,  acting  as  the  agent  of  the  General  Proprie- 
tors. His  authority  as  agent  for  the  Proprietors  as  well  as  the 
authority  of  the  Council  of  Proprietors  itself  was  then  ques- 
tioned by  the  General  Assembly,  but  to  prove  his  case  Willocks 
presented  his  commission  as  agent,  as  well  as  the  commission 
of  the  Council  of  Proprietors,'*^  which  doubtless  was  the  Char- 
ter already  referred  to. 

Willocks  was  at  the  time  a  member  of  the  Assembly,  repre- 
senting Perth  Amboy,  and  in  retaliation  for  his  attempted  inter- 
ference in  this  affair,  and  with  the  view  of  further  curtailing 
the  activities  of  the  Proprietors  or  their  proxies  in  matters 
political,  a  law  was  passed  rendering  it  unlawful  for  a  Proprie- 
tor or  Proprietor's  Proxy  to  be  chosen  as  a  Representative  to 
the  General  Assembly.  This,  however,  was  not  of  permanent 
effect,  for  in  the  records  of  the  House  of  Representatives  now 
available,  beginning  in  1703.  their  names  appear  frequently 
among  the  members  of  that  body. 

The  strong  feeling  that  existed  from  the  very  first  against 
the  Lords  Proprietors,  not  only  as  to  their  rights  to  govern, 
but  also  as  to  their  claim  of  paramount  rights  of  ownership  in 


The  Board  of  Proprietors  of  East  Jersey  193 

the  soil  of  the  Province,  had  its  origin  among  the  grantees  of 
land  from  Governor  Nicolls  of  New  York,  acting  as  the  re- 
presentative of  the  Duke  of  York,  prior  to  the  actual  taking 
possession  of  New  Jersey  by  the  Lords  Proprietors,  and  was 
further  aggravated  by  the  new  Proprietor's  insistence  on  the 
collection  of  quit-rents  from  all  land  holders,  which  was  looked 
upon  by  them  as  an  obnoxious  and  intolerable  imposition,  even 
although  all  grants  of  land  made  by  the  Proprietors  were  made 
subject  to  the  annual  payment  of  such  fees. 

The  quit-rent  was  a  relic  of  the  old  customary  laws  of  the 
mother  country,  being  a  yearly  payment  made  from  time  im- 
memorial by  freeholders  to  the  lord  of  the  manor,  in  lieu  of  all 
other  services,  and  carried  with  it  an  acknowledgment  of  sub- 
jection to  the  lord,  and  its  imposition  here  was  not  in  accord 
with  that  spirit  of  freedom  and  absolute  independence  in  search 
of   which  the  settlers  had  left  their  native  land.     It  was  a 
f         continued  cause  of  disagreement  between  the  Colonists  and  the 
I         Proprietors,  not  only  in  New  Jersey  but  in  all  the  other  Pro- 
l         prietory  Governments  in  the  Colonies.     In  recognition  of  this 
I         persistent  demand  for  unencumbered  possession  of  their  lands 
1         by  the  grantees,  the  General  Proprietors  allowed  their  agents 
i         to  sell  their   quit-rent  claims   to   the  owners   of   land   for  a 
j         specified  number  of  years  rent,  but  this  proposition  met  with 
I         little  success. 

j  When  the  Proprietors  were  finally  compelled  by  the  force  of 

circumstances  to  surrender  the  Government  of  the  Province 
to  the  Crown  in  1702,  they  did  so  on  condition  that  their  Pro- 
■;         prietory  rights,  including  that  of  collecting  the  quit-rents,  were 
I         properly  safeguarded,  and  in  accordance  therewith  Queen  Anne 
t         gave  instructions  to  Lord  Cornbury,  the  first  Royal  Governor 
of  the  Province,  to  secure  the  passing  of  such  Act  or  Acts, 
"whereby  the  right  and  property  of  the  General  Proprietors 
to  the  soil  of  the  Province  may  be  confirmed  to  them,  according 
to  their  respective  rights  and  titles,  together  with  all  such  quit- 
rents  as  have  been  reserved,  or  are  or  shall  become  due,  to  them 
from  the  inhabitants  of  our  said  Province,  and  that  the  partic- 
ular titles  and  estates  of  all  the  inhabitants  of  that  Province 
and  other  purchasers  claiming  under  the  said  General   Pro- 
prietors be  confirmed  and  settled  as  of  right  does  appertain."" 
13 


194  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Also  to  render  it  unlawful  for  any  person  or  persons,  besides 
the  General  Proprietors  or  their  proxies,  to  purchase  land  from 
the  Indians  within  the  limits  of  the  Province. 

The  requirement  respecting  the  Indian  purchases  was  mndc 
a  law  during  the  first  session  of  Assembly  held  under  Combury 
m  I703.*8  A  bill  was  introduced  at  the  same  session  to  "con- 
firm and  secure  the  Proprietors  in  their  right  to  the  soil  of  this 
Province,"  and  was  passed  by  the  Assembly;  it  failed,  however, 
of  being  enacted  into  law  through  opposition  in  the  Council,' 
even  although  Cornbury  had  urged  the  adoption  of  such  a 
measure,  stating  that  nothing  would  contribute  more  to  the  set- 
tlement of  the  people  and  the  country.  This  recommendation 
he  repeated  at  the  opening  of  every  succeeding  session,  but  to 
no  purpose. 

Similar   instructions    were   given   to   Governors    Ingoldsby, 
Hunter,  Burnet,  Morris  and  Belcher,  who  in  turn  urged  the 
passage  of  such  Act  or  Acts  as  would  comply  therewith,  but 
with  like  results,  for,  as  Governor  Hunter  wrote :  "The  Jerseys 
are  so  divided  about  their  titles  and  claims  to  land  that  nothing 
could  be  accomplished"  by  legislation.     As  a  last  resource  the 
Proprietors  applied  to  the  Court  of  Chancery  for  a  decision  in 
their  favor  against  the  Elizabethtown  claimants,  as  a  test  case, 
the  claims  and  counter-claims  of  the  contestants  being  pre- 
sented in  great  detail  in  what  is  known  as  the  Elizabethtown 
Bill  in  Chancery,  filed  in  1745,  and  the  Answer  thereto,  filed  in 
1751-     The  Bill  was  prepared  by  James  Alexander,  a  noted 
lawyer  and  the  Surveyor-General  of  the  Province,  assisted  by 
Joseph  Murray,  and  presented  in  the  names  of  the  Earl  of  Stair 
and  others  of  the  General  Proprietors,  while  the  Answer  was 
submitted  by  Livingston  and  Smith  representing  the  Elizabeth- 
town  Associates.     This  was  the  final  action  in  the  long-drawn- 
out  controversy  between  the  rival  claimants,  and  it  was  never 
judicially  settled. 

Although  the  Board  of  Proprietors  of  East  Jersey  was  never 
legally  incorporated,  Doctor  John  Johnstone,  one  of  its  very 
active  and  prominent  members,  tried  to  have  it  done  during 
the  administration  of  Governor  Hunter,  and  again  while  Wi^ 
liam  Burnet  was  Governor  of  the  Province,  but  without  avail, 
his  action  having  been  looked  upon  with  suspicion  by  some  who 


The  Board  of  Proprietors  of  East  Jersey  195 

thought  he  was  actuated  by  sinister  and  selfish  motives.*' 
Nevertheless  it  has  come  to  be  legally  recognized  as  a  corpor- 
ation "by  prescription,"  Vice  Chancellor  Pitney's  decision  to 
that  effect  being  affirmed  by  the  Court  of  Appeals  in  June, 
1893.  The  Board  is  officially  known  as  "The  General  Pro- 
prietors of  the  Eastern  Division  of  New  Jersey,"  with  offices 
in  a  small  building  immediately  north  of  the  City  Hall  of  Perth 
Amboy,  the  lintel  over  the  door  bearing  the  inscription  "Sur- 
veyor-General's Office."  Here  the  records  of  the  Pro- 
prietors are  carefully  preserved,  and  meetings  are  held  semi- 
annually, persons  holding  at  least  a  ninety-sixth  part  of  a  share 
being  entitled  to  a  seat  in  the  Council. 

The  first  minute  book,  marked  "A.  B.  No.  i,"  is  entitled 
"The  Journal  of  the  Procedure  of  the  Proprietors  and  Proxies 
to  Proprietors  of  the  Province  of  East  Jersey,  from  and  after 
the  9th  day  of  April,  Anno  Dom.,  1685,"  and  covers  a  period  of 
twenty  years.  The  record  of  the  following  twenty  years  meet- 
ings is  missing,  but,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  years  during 
the  Revolutionary  War,  the  record  from  March  25,  1725,  is 
complete  to  date,  and  is  contained  in  books  "A,"  "B,"  "C,"  and 
"D,"  covering  in  all  a  period  of  two  and  a-third  centuries,  an 
exceedingly  interesting  record  of  the  oldest  private  corporation 
in  the  country  still  doing  business  at  the  old  stand. 

AUTHORITIES  CITED. 

(1)  N.  J.  Archives,  Vol.  i,  p.  20.  (2)  Ibid,  p.  22.  (3)  East  Jersey 
Under  the  Proprietors,  p.  9.  (4)  N.  J.  Archives,  Vol.  i,  p.  99.  (5) 
Ibid,  p.  175.  (6)  Ibid,  pp.  411,  454.  (7)  Ibid,  p.  377.  (8)  Ibid,  Vol. 
13,  p.  II.  (9)  Ibid,  p.  3.  (lo)-  Commissions,  etc.,  in  Proprietors'  Office, 
Vol.  C,  p.  2.  (11)  N.  J.  Archives,  Vol.  i,  p.  454.  (12)  Ibid,  p.  428. 
(13)  Ibid,  Vol.  13,  p.  8.  (14)  Burnet  Doc.  in  N.  J.  Hist.  Society's 
Library.  (15)  N.  J.  Archives,  Vol.  13,  p.  10.  (16)  Ibid,  p.  97.  (17) 
Ibid,  p.  12.  (18)  Ibid,  Vol.  i,  p.  378.  (19)  Ibid,  Vol.  13,  p.  loi.  (20) 
Ibid,  p.  105,  and  Commissions,  etc.,  in  Proprs.'  Office,  Vol.  C,  p.  41. 
(21)  Ibid,  Vol.  I,  p.  455.  (22)  Ibid,  pp.  423,  489.  (23)  Ibid,  p.  432.  (24) 
Ibid,  Vol.  21,  p.  58.  (25)  Ibid,  Vol.  13,  p.  120.  (26)  Commissions, 
etc.,  p.  81.  (27)  N.  J.  Archives,  Vol.  i,  p.  426.  {z'i)  Ibid,  p.  457.  (29) 
Ibid,  Vol.  13,  p.  151.  (30)  Ibid,  Vol.  i,  pp.  395-411.  (31)  Ibid,  pp. 
446,  447.  (32)  East  Jersey  under  Prop.,  p.  419.  {2Z)  N.  J.  Archives, 
Vol.  13,  p.  131.  (34)  Ibid,  p.  130.  (35)  Ibid,  Vol.  i,  p.  460.  (36)  Ibid, 
p.  480.  (37)  Ibid,  p.  409-  (3S)  Ibid,  p.  477.  (39)  Proprs'  Minutes, 
AB  No.  I,  p.  44.  (40)  Ibid,  p.  15.  (41)  Commissions,  etc.,  p.  07.  (42) 
Grants  and  Cone,  p.  277.  (43)  Ibid,  p.  281.  (44)  Proprs'  Minutes,  AB 
No.  I.  (45)  N.  J.  Archives,  Vol.  i,  p.  538.  (46)  Ibid,  Vol.  13,  p.  256. 
(47)  Ibid,  Vol.  2,  p.  517.  C48)  Jour,  of  House  Rep.,  1703,  p.  22.  (49) 
N.  J.  Archives,  Vol.  5,  p.  57. 


196  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

PROFESSOR  BENEDICT  JAEGER,  EARLY  ENTO- 
MOLOGIST   OF   NEW  JERSEY 

BY   HARRY   B.   WEISS,    NEW   BRUNSWICK,    N.   J. 

My  interest  in  Prof.  Benedict  Jaeger  was  first  aroused  by 
reading  m  Mr.  John  D.  Sherman's  "Catalogue  10  of  Books  on 
Insects,"  the  following  statement  referring  to  Prof.  Jaeger's 
book  on  "The  Life  of  North  American  Insects  :"  "famous  as  the 
most  worthless  of  all  American  Insect  books."  Such  a  sweep- 
ing statement  as  this  aroused  my  curiosity  as  to  Prof.  Jaeger's 
entomological  activities  and  how  he  came  to  write  a  book  merit- 
ing such  severe  criticism.  Upon  finding  out  that  he  was  once 
a  resident  of  New  Jersey,  no  other  course  was  open  than  to 
rush  belatedly  to  his  defense,  or  at  least  to  attempt  to  explain 
why  his  book  should  not  be  judged  too  severely.  However,  I 
am  not  as  much  concerned  with  Prof.  Jaeger's  writings  as  I  am 
with  his  entomological  activities  and  interests,  and  the  present 
paper  is  written  mainly  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  together 
the  scattered  bits  of  published  and  unpublished  information 
which  I  am  able  to  collect.  At  present  the  various  cyclopedias 
contain,  for  the  most  part,  only  the  date  of  his  death  and  a 
reference  to  one  or  two  of  his  books. 

Prof.  Jaeger  was  born  in  Vienna,  Austria,  in  1789  and  was 
educated  in  the  University  of  Vienna.  He  entered  the  service 
of  Alexander  of  Russia,  who  conferred  on  him  the  rank  of 
Lieut.-Colonel  and  placed  him  in  charge  of  valuable  collections 
in  the  Natural  History  Museum  of  the  University  of  St.  Peters- 
burg. ^  Upon  the  accession  of  Nicholas  he  was  sent  to  explore 
the  Crimea  and  embodied  his  researches  in  "Travels  from  St. 
Petersburg  to  the  Crimea  and  countries  of  the  Caucasus."  He 
subsequently  visited  Santo  Domingo  to  collect  specimens  for 
the  Imperial  Cabinet  of  Natural  History  at  St.  Petersburg. 
References  to  his  travels  in  these  countries  are  found  scattered 
throughout  the  pages  of  his  book,  "The  Life  of  North  Ameri- 
can Insects"  (1854),  and  the  following  extracts  from  this  book 
enable  one  to  secure  glimpses  of  his  entomological  activities  at 
that  time.     Writing  about  grasshoppers,  he  states  : 

"In  1825  the  Russian  empire  was  again  alarmed  by  the  ap- 


Prof.  Benedict  Jaeger,  Early  Enionwlogist  of  New  Jersey  197 

pearance  of  an  innumerable  quantity  of  grasshoppers,  of  which 
I  had  the  pleasure  (if  pleasure  it  may  be  called)  of  being  an 
eye-witness.^  I  left  the  city  of  Moscow  in  the  beginning  of  the 
month  of  April,  1825,  in  order  to  visit  the  Crimea,  the  Caucasus 
and  the  countries  lying  between  tlie  Black  and  Caspian  Seas. 
Passing  through  the  well-cultivated  States  of  Moscow,  Orel, 
Rasan,  Charkow,  Kiew  and  Woronesch,  the  Vv^hole  population 
of  these  States  expressed  in  a  lamentable  manner  their  fear  of 
perishing  by  famine  on  account  of  the  enormous  quantity  of 
the  then  wingless  grasshoppers  which  inundated  the  desert 
prairies  between  Kiew  and  Odessa  and  between  the  Don  and 
the  Wolga  tov/ards  Astrachan  and  the  Caucasus."  (P.  146). 
"But  the  more  majestic  view  of  one  of  their  flying  swarms 
presented  itself  to  me  in  Asia,  in  the  Island  of  Phanagoria, 
after  having  crossed  the  Black  Sea  at  Panticapacum,  the 
modern  city  of  Kertsch,  on  the  Bosphorus."  (P.  148), 

During  his  discussion  of  the  Carabridse  he  says :  "The 
splendid,  blue-colored,  large  Carabus  {Procrustes  violaceus) 
still  brings  to  my  mind  the  most  pleasing  recollections  of  the 
disinterested  hospitality  and  affectionate  kindness  of  the  Tar- 
tars who  dwell  in  the  lovely  Pennisula  of  the  Crimea.  It 
was  in  the  month  of  June,  1825,  that  I  visited  that  delightful 
country.  The  romantic  valley  of  Baidary,  covered  with  lux- 
uriant and  variegated  flowers  and  a  great  variety  of  the  most 
beautiful  insects,  ofi'ered  me  an  immense  field  for  collecting 
plants  and  insects,  a  catalogue  of  which  I  published  in  St. 
Petersburg  in  1827."     (P.  29). 

While  still  on  the  subjects  of  beetles  he  mentions  the  fact 
that  "General  Count  Dejeau,  Aide-de-camp  to  Napoleon  Bon- 
aparte, was  so  anxious  to  increase  the  number  of  specimens  in 
his  entomological  cabinet,  that  he  even  availed  himself  of  his 
military  campaigns  for  this  purpose  and  was  continually  occu- 
pied in  collecting  insects  and  fastening  them  with  pins  on  the 
outside  of  his  hat,  which  was  always  covered  with  them."  Af- 
ter relating  how  General  Dejeau  was  struck  in  the  head  and 


'Description  of  the  Natural  Riches,  Extent  and  Population  of  the 
Russian  Provinces  beyond  the  Caucasus.  By  B.  Jaeger,  Member  of  sev- 
eral Learned  Societies,  Leipzig,  1830. 


198  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

knocked  senseless  from  his  horse  and  his  specimens  ruined 
by  an  enemy  shot  in  the  battle  of  Wagram  in  1S09,  Prof. 
Jaeger  writes:  "Six  years  after  this,  in  181 5,  I  met  Count 
Dejeau  at  Fiume  on  the  Adriatic,  and  made  several  entomolog- 
ical excursions  with  him."     (P.  4q). 

Further  along  he  relates :  "The  celebrated  Prince  Paul,  of 
Wurtemberg,  another  passionate  naturalist,  whom  I  met  in 
1829  at  Port-au-Prince,  being  one  day  at  my  house,  shed  tears 
of  envy  when  I  showed  him  the  gigantic  beetle  Actseon,  which, 
only  a  short  time  before,  had  been  presented  to  me  by  the 
Haitien  Admiral  Banajotti,  he  having  found  it  at  the  foot  of  a 
cocoanut  palm-tree  on  his  plantation."  (P.  49).  "During  our 
frequent  nature-historical  excursions  in  the  interior  of  St. 
Domingo,  he  often  spoke  of  his  prospect  of  being  elected 
King  of  Greece,  for  which  office  he  was  a  candidate,  but,  when 
he  afterwards  learned  that  the  Emperors  of  Russia  and  Aus- 
tria had  rejected  him  on  account  of  his  radical  principles,  he 
became  very  low-spirited  and  even  melancholy.  So  great,  how- 
ever, v/as  his  passion  for  entomological  specimens,  that  a  col- 
lection of  one  hundred  species  of  splendid  insects,  made  in  one 
day,  forever  expelled  all  thoughts  of  the  Grecian  royal  crown 
from  his  mind,  and  restored  his  former  cheerfulness."  (P. 
50). 

Prof.  Jaeger  also  traveled  in  Denmark  as  indicated  by  the 
following :  "In  Altona,  in  Denmark,  I  became  acquainted 
with  a  gentleman  who  raised  in  his  conservatory  several  spe- 
cies of  the  large  moths,  natives  of  North  America,  as  the 
Cecropia,  Luna,  Polyphemus  and  Promethea,  which  he  sold 
readily  at  two  dollars  apiece,  and  of  which  he  rrised  on  an  av- 
erage a  thousand  specimens  a  year."     (P.  181). 

In  1831  Prof.  Jaeger  visited  the  United  States,  and  in 
1832  was  engaged  by  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  now  Prince- 
ton University,  to  put  the  Zoological  Museum  in  good  order. 
In  June  of  that  year  the  College  conferred  on  him  the  hon- 
orary degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  In  the  following  Septem- 
ber he  was  appointed  curator  of  the  Museum  and  Lecturer  on 
Natural  History  at  a  salary  of  $200  per  year.  He  was  also 
appointed  Professor  of  German  and  Italian  to  give  instruction 


Prof.  Benedict  Jaeger,  Early  Entomologist  of  New  Jersey  199 

to  such  students  as  desired  it.  In  1836  he  was  appointed  to 
■  teach  French.  In  April,  1839,  he  offered  the  College  his 
private  cabinet  of  Natural  History,  consisting  of  about  "150 
specimens  of  mammalia,  reptiles  and  birds,  and  a  scientifically 
arranged  entomological  collection  of  about  2,000  specimens 
which  he  had  procured  at  considerable  expense  of  time  and 
money"  (Minutes  of  Board  of  Trustees),  asking  in  return  that 
his  salary  be  paid  in  advance.  His  proposal  was  accepted.  He 
resigned  in  September,  1841,  and  his  account  with  the  College 
seems  to  have  been  left  in  confusion,  for  in  December,  1846,  a 
committee  of  the  Board  was  appointed  to  settle  the  contro- 
versy. 

Following  his  resignation  he  was,  according  to  his  obituary 
in  the  Brooklyn  "Eagle"  (Aug.  18,  1869),  invited  by  Hon.  Joel 
^  R.  Poinsett,  Secretary  of  War,  to  go  to  Washington  to  assist. 

{  in  planning  the   Smithsonian   Institution.     This   statement   is 

I  probably  not  entirely  correct  for,  upon  requesting  the  present 

:  secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  for  information  con- 

I  cerning  Prof.  Jaeger's  activities  along  this  line,  I  received  the 

)  following  reply  from  Mr.  H.  W.  Dorsey,  Chief  Clerk :  "Refer- 

1  ring  to  your  letter  of  November  8,  I  am  authorized  to  say  that, 

I  after  careful  search,  no  record  can   be   found  of    Professor 

j  Jaeger's  activities  in  connection  with  the  inception  of  the  Smith- 

I  sonian  Institution.     The  Institution  was  not  established  until 

!  1846  but,  in  1840,  the  Honorable  Joel  R.  Poinsett  organized  the 

\  National  Institution,  and  Professor  Jaeger  may  have  been  as- 

I  sociated  with  Mr.  Poinsett  in  that  work." 

;  I  was  unable  to  find  anything  showing  how  active   Prof. 

i  Jaeger  was  in  connection  with  the  National  Institution,  but  in 

the  "Bulletin"  of  the  Institution  containing  its  crnstitution  and 
list  of  officers  and  members.  Prof.  Jaeger's  name  is  mentioned 
in  the  list  of  corresponding  members  and  his  address  is  given  as 
Princeton,  N.  J.  According  to  the  proceedings  of  the  meeting- 
of  June  14,  1841,  Prof.  Jaeger  presented  the  library  of  the 
Institution  with  a  copy  of  his  "Analytical  Table  of  a  Course  of 
Lectures  on  Zoology." 

According  to  the  publication,  "The  Genesis  of  the  U.  S.  Na- 
tional Museum,"  by  G.  Brown  Goode  (Rept.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.„ 


200  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

1891)  the  National  Institution  for  the  Promotion  of  Science 
organized  in  Washington  May  15,  1840,  "was  for  some  years 
the  most  prominent  exponent  of  the  idea  of  a  National  Mu- 
seum." For  nearly  eighteen  years  (1841  to  1858)  the  National 
Institution  v/as  the  official  custodian  of  the  Smithson  bequest 
and  other  museum  materials  belonging  to  the  nation.  On  July 
27,  1842,  it  was  incorporated  as  the  National  Institute.  On 
the  occasion  of  the  first  annual  meeting  of  the  National  Insti- 
tute, April,  1844,  members  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Society  and  the  Association  of  American  Geologists  and  Nat- 
uralists were  present.  The  work  of  the  Institute  was  highly 
commended  and  President  Tyler  held  out  the  hope  that  the 
Government  would  "continue  to  it  a  fostering  care"  and  expres- 
sed in  a  general  way  the  hope  that  it  should  be  identified  in 
some  way  with  the  future  National  Museum  and  Smithsonian 
Institution.  However,  Congress  adjourned  without  appropri- 
ating any  money  for  its  needs.  This  was  a  death  blow  from 
which  the  Institute  never  recovered.  Mr.  Poinsett  declined 
reelection  as  President,  publications  were  discontinued,  and  the 
list  of  350  resident  and  1,250  corresponding  members  grew 
shorter.  An  effort  was  made  to  revive  it  in  1S47  and  in  1855 
it  came  into  existence  as  a  local  scientific  society. 

In  1857  the  Smithsonian  Institution  took  over  the  collections 
which  had  been  deposited  with  the  National  Institute  except 
some  objects  directly  under  the  control  of  the  Institute.  All 
of  this  material  was  housed  in  the  Patent  Office.  In  1861, 
shortly  before  the  Institute's  charter  expired,  the  remnants  of 
the  collection  (much  had  been  destroyed  or  stolen,  having  re- 
ceived no  care  while  in  the  Patent  Office)  were  turned  over  to 
the  Smithsonian  Institution  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

This  ended  the  National  Institute  in  which  Prof.  Jaeger  was 
undoubtedly  interested.  From  1841  to  1845  he  resided  in 
Alexandria,  D.  C.,  and  this  period  included  the  stormy  days  of 
the  Institute.  For  the  next  few  years  it  is  recorded  that  he 
was  engaged  in  preparing  a  "Class  Book  of  Zoology."  In  1849 
he  went  to  Providence.  R.  I.,  where  he  resided  over  six  years. 

His  "Class  Book  of  Zoology"  was  printed  in  New  York  in 
1849  and  a  third  edition  appeared  in  i860.     The  complete  title 


Prof.  Benedict  Jaeger,  Early  Entomologist  of  New  Jersey  201 

of  this  book  is,  "Class  Book  of  Zoology,  Designed  to  Afford  to 
Pupils  in  Common  Schools  and  Academies  a  Knowledge  of  the 
Animal  Kingdom,  with  a  List  of  the  Different  Species  Found 
in  the  State  of  New  York."  This  work  covers  such  subjects 
as  mammals,  birds,  snakes,  worms,  insects,  etc.,  and  includes 
lists  of  the  species  designated  by  their  common  names.  In  his 
"List  of  some  Insects"  found  in  New  York,  119  species  in  vari- 
ous orders  are  mentioned,  and  some  of  them,  especially  in  the 
Coleoptera,  can  be  recognized  now.  At  the  end  of  the  book  are 
various  testimonials  from  his  former  associates  and  friends  at 
the  College  of  New  Jersey,  Alexandria,  Washington.  Trenton, 
New  York  and  Brooklyn,  testifying  to  his  knowledge  of  natural 
history,  to  his  ability  as  a  linguist,  to  his  gentlemanly  deport- 
i  ment,  his  amiable  disposition  and  his  sober  and  industrious 

:  habits.     From  one  of  such  testimonials  it  appears  that  Prof. 

I  Jaeger  once  gave  a  course  of  lectures  at  the  Rutgers  Female 

\  Institution  of  New  York,  or  Brooklyn.     The  New  York  "Tri- 

I  bune"  of  October  23,  1848,  announcing  a  lecture  by  him  before 

j  the  New  York  Historical  Society,  speaks  very  flatteringly  about 

I  him. 

I  His  book,  "The  Life  of  North  American  Insects,"  in  the 

I  preparation  of  which  he  was  assisted  by  H.  C.  Preston,  M.  D., 

i  was  first  issued  in  parts,  six  in  all,  each  with  a  colored  plate. 

j  The  title  page  of  the  bound  volume,   which  was  printed  at 

I  Providence  by  Sayles,  Miller  &  Simons  in  1854,  bears  the  state- 

1  ment,  "Published  for  the  Author."     This  edition  contains  an 

account  of  the  life  of  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  M.  D.,  founder  of  the 

British  Museum,  which  is  missing  from  later  editions.       The 

colored  plates  accompanying  the  first  edition  were,  according 

to   Prof.  Jaeger,   "drawn  and   painted    from   nature'    by   his 

friend  Washington  Hoppin,  ALD.,  "who  occasionally  relieved 

the  monotony  of  professional  life  by  this  display  of  his  native 

talent."  (P.  41). 

In  the  introduction  Jaeger  states  that  he  is  "about  to  lay 
before  the  North  American  public  the  fruits  of  my  entomo- 
logical investigations  pursued  for  many  years  during  my  ex- 
tensive travels  in  Europe,  Asia  and  on  this  Continent."  He 
also  states  that  at  that  time  there  were  no  general  works  on 


202          Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society  I 

North  American  insects,  except  a  few  numbers  of  the  "Ameri-  1 

can  Entomology"  by  Thomas  Say ;  Major  Leconte's  "Iconogra-  | 

phy  of  some  Genera  of  Butterflies,"  and  Dr.  Harris's  elaborate  | 

report  on  the  injurious  insects  of  Massachusetts.     He  further  -. 

remarks  that  it  is  his  design  "to  make  this  work  a  valuable  | 

ornament  for  the  parlor  table  as  well  as  an  instructive  and  | 

amusing  companion."  | 

The  entire  book  is  written  in  a  style  which  reminds  one  very  | 

much  of  the  popular  books  on  natural  history  published  in  | 

England  about  1830,  in  which  natural  history  is  sandwiched  | 

between  anecdotes,  personal  reminiscences  and  semi-philosophi-  j 

cal  mcanderings.       Prof.  Jaeger's  book,  as  he  states  in  the  | 

introduction,  is  a  very  general  work  on  insects,  intended  to  be  t 

instructive  and  amusing.     Nothing  additional  is  claimed,  and  \ 

that  it  succeeded  in  this  aim  is  indicated  by  the  fact  that  three  j 

editions  were  published.     It  will  not  bear  comparison  at  all  \ 

with  Harris's  "Insects  Injurious  to  Vegetation,"  published  in  ? 

1841,  and  I  believe  that  Prof.  Jaeger  intended  and  was  satisfied  I 

to  reach  a  different  class  of  readers.     It  was  his  idea  to  popu-  j 

larize  entomology.     The  title  of  the  book  is  rather  misleading,  | 

because  very  little  information  is  given  about  the  life  histories  * 

of  North  American  insects.     Mistakes  are  evident,  a  few  of  j 

which  were  apparently  copied  by  later  writers.  | 

Returning  to  Prof.  Jaeger's  movements,  particularly  in  the  I 

United  States.     On  page  82  he  writes  :  "I  had  the  pleasure  of  I 

spending  a  week  last  summer  at  Bristol,  R.  I.,  at  the  residence  j 

of  my  esteemed  friend  Mr.  Dimon,  the  President  Governor  of  \ 

Rhode  Island,  whose  acquaintance  I  made  twenty-five  years  ago  ] 

in  Port-au-Prince  when  he  was  United  States  Consul  for  the  j 

Republic  of  Hayti."     Writing  of  the  silkworm  and  expressing  | 

regret  that  the  people  of  the  United  States  were  not  more  per-  ] 

severing  and  successful  in  raising  their  own  silk,  he  says  :     "I  | 

was  happy  to  be  able  to  purchase  some  fine  silk  handkerchiefs  j 

at  Rapp's  Economy,  eighteen  miles  below  Pittsburgh  on  the  I 

Ohio,  which  were  manufactured  there  out  of  silk  of  their  own  I 
raising."  (P.  199). 

While  on  the  subject  of   Dermestids,   he  says :  "The   late 
General  Andrew  Jackson,  President  of  the  United  States,  pre- 


f 

i        Prof.  Benedict  Jaeger,  Early  Entomologist  of  New  Jersey  203 

j  sented  me  in  1834  with  two  large  boxes  of  splendid  South  Amer- 
\  ican  beetles  and  butterflies,  but,  much  to  my  regret,  on  opening 
\  them  I  found  the  largest  and  handsomest  specimens  destroyed 
■  by  this  little  enemy  of  naturalists."  (P.  65).  On  the  subject 
I  of  metamorphosis  he  writes  entertainingly  as  follows  :  "Such 
I  changes,  however,  are  not  confined  to  insects,  but  are  also 
:  common  throughout  the  animal  kingdom,  as  well  in  the  highest 
I  as  the  lowest  classes,  and  would  seem  to  be  something  more 
I  than  a  mere  freak  of  nature.  The  daughter  of  a  hairdresser  in 
\  Paris,  on  account  of  her  extraordinary  merits,  was  made,  by 
j  Louis  XV,  Duchess  of  Dubarry,  with  an  annual  income  of  a 
I  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  the  same  individual,  when 
I  eighty  years  old,  was  brought  on  a  butcher's  cart,  clad  in  rags, 
I        to  the  scaffold,  where  she  was  beheaded."     (P.  178). 

Regretting  "that  in  our  so-called  halls  of  learning  so  little 
attention  is  paid  to  the  study  of  the  objects  of  Nature,"  he 
writes :  "The  fact  that  the  study  of  Nature  tends  directly  to  the 
civilization  of  a  nation  was  well  understand  more  than  a  century 
and  a  half  ago  by  that  ingenious  self-made  man,  Peter  the 
Great  of  Russia.  He  conceived  the  idea  that  a  love  for  this 
department  of  science  would  contribute  much  towards  the 
civilization  of  his  barbarian  subjects,  and  accordingly  he  estab- 
lished, at  an  enormous  expense,  a  large  museum  of  Natural 
History  at  St.  Petersburg;  and  in  order  to  induce  his  whisky- 
loving  subjects  to  go  there,  he  ordered  a  glass  of  brandy  to  be 
presented  to  every  visitor."  (P.  71). 

^^  Writing  of  the  periodical  Cicada,  we  f^nd  this  statement: 
"Now  it  is  a  fact  that  during  my  twenty-two  years'  residence 
in  this  country  not  a  single  summer  has  passed  without  my 
seeing  some  of  these  red-eyed  Cicadas  in  one  or  other  of  the 
States,  and  hence  I  must  maintain  that  the  name  'Seventeen- 
years  Locust'  is  neither  correct  nor  proper."  (P.  95).  In  the 
1859  and  1864  editions  of  his  book  (published  by  Harper  & 
Bros.,  New  York)  he  still  sticks  to  this  statement,  but  includes 
a  letter  from  Dr.  Harris,  dated  January  10,  1855,  in  which  it  is 
explained  that,  while  the  periodical  Cicada  appears  only  once 
in  seventeen  years  in  the  same  place,  it  may  occur  in  other 
places  during  other  years. 


204  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Both  the  1859  and  1S64  editions,  while  written  in  the  same 
style  as  the  first,  contain  much  additional  matter,  the  portions 
on  economic  insects  having  been  taken  from  Dr.  Harris's  "In- 
sects Injurious  to  Vegetation,"  to  which  due  credit  is  given. 
Both  of  these  editions  lacked  colored  plates  and  the  less  said 
about  all  of  the  illustrations  the  better.  In  the  introductions 
Prof.  Jaeger  omits  the  statement  appearing  in  the  first  edition, 
that  it  is  his  design  to  make  the  book  a  "valuable  ornament  for 
the  parlor  table,"  etc. 

Returning  to  the  subject  of  Cicadas,  Mr.  W.  T.  Davis  calls 
my  attention  to  the  statement  of  Jaeger  (P.  loi,  Edition  of 
1854,  and  p.  71,  Edition  of  1859),  made  on  the  authority  of 
Pontedera,  that  some  Cicadas  live  two  years  in  the  immature 
condition.  Jaeger  applies  this  to  our  species,  and  this  state- 
ment, more  or  less  modified  but  substantially  the  same,  has  ap- 
peared in  American  textbooks  on  entomology  issued  as  recent- 
ly as  1921.  Mr.  Davis  says  that,  so  far  as  he  is  aware,  the 
only  Cicada  life  cycle  that  is  known  is  that  of  the  17-year  one. 
Pontedera  was  an  Italian  botanist  who  lived  between  1688  and 
1757,  and  in  his  book  ("Compendium  Tabularum  Botanicarum 
in  quo  Plantae  2/2,  etc.,  Patavii,  1718"),  pages  XIV  to  XXIII 
are  devoted  to  the  Cicada. 

Prof.  Jaeger  died  from  heart  disease  on  August  17,  1869, 
at  the  residence  of  his  daughter,  Mrs.  A.  Haasis,  Bedford 
Avenue,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  with  whom  he  had  resided  for  some 
time  previous  to  his  death.  He  was  buried  in  Evergreen 
Cemetery. 

In  the  library  of  Princeton  University  I  examined  his  "Ana- 
lytical Table  of  a  Course  of  Lectures  on  Zoology,  Including 
Comparative  Anatomy,"  printed  at  Princeton  in  1835,  by  R,  E. 
Hornor;  also  his  manuscript,  "Museum  Neo-Caesariensis," 
dated  Princeton,  1832.  His  "Analytical  Table,"  etc.,  is  a  48- 
page  book,  containing  27  outlines  of  lectures  on  mammals, 
birds,  insects,  etc.  About  16  pages  are  devoted  to  insects. 
Each  outline  is  a  bare  skeleton  of  suggestions  on  which  the 
lecture  is  to  be  built,  and  is  followed  by  a  list  of  some  of  the 
species  of  animals  found  in  the  United  States  as  examples  for 
a  discussion  of  their  natural  history.     According  to  this  book 


Prof.  Benedict  Jaeger,  Early  Entomologist  of  New  Jersey  205 

Prof.  Jaeger  was  a  member  of  the  "Imper.  Academy  Naturse 
Curiosorum"  at  Moscow  and  of  the  Albany  Institute.  Accord- 
ing to  the  "Proceedings  of  the  Albany  Institute,"  Jaeger  joined 
in  1833  as  a  Corresponding  member  from  Princeton. 

The  manuscript,  "Museum  Neo-Cassariensis,"  is  a  catalogue 
of  the  natural  history  specimens  in  the  College  museum.     It 
consists   of   32   pages    (foolscap   size),   written   in   longhand, 
dated  Sept.  25,  1832,  and  signed  by  Prof.  Jaeger.     Both  scien- 
tific and  common  names  are  used  except  for  the  insects,  and 
some  items  are   followed  by  the  names  of  the  contributors. 
Eight  hundred  and  forty-five  items  are  listed.     This  number 
I        includes  63  species  of  mammals,  207  species  of  birds,  S^y  species 
I        of  reptiles,  jy  species  of  fishes,   108  specimens  of  shells,  51 
j        specimens  of  starfish  and  252  species  of  insects.     The  insects 
I        are  listed  as  follows:  Coleoptera,  34  species;  Hemiptera,   14 
I        species ;  Lepidoptera,  85  species  ;  Neuroptera,  8  species ;  Hy- 
I        menoptera,  13  species;  Diptera,  3  species;  Aptera,  6  species; 
I        4  wasp  nests  and  85  species   (probably  various  orders)  ;  all 
I        collected  at  Princeton  by  B.  Jaeger  and  presented  to  the  Col- 
i        lege.     I  made  an  effort  to  locate  some  of  this  material  and  also 
I        the  Jaeger  collection  acquired  by  the  College  about  1839  but 
1        with  incomplete  success.     It  was  suggested  that  probably  these 
I        collections  perished  when  the  entire  interior  of  Nassau  Hall 
!        was  destroyed  by  fire  for  the  second  time  on  March  10,  1855. 
j        However,  Dr.  Walter  M.  Rankin  of  the  Department  of  Biology 
i        very  kindly  offered  to  try  to  locate  some  of  this  material  and, 
under  date  of  Dec.  i,  1921,  wrote  to  me  in  part  as  follows :  "I 
am  quite  positive  that  19  of  the  25  turtles  are  in  our  present 
museum,  also  2  anteaters.     These  specimens  would  naturally 
be  more  likely  to  survive  than  alcoholic  specimens  or  than  the 
birds.     It  is  probable  that  I  may  be  able  to  locate  other  mater- 
ial after  further  examination.     .     .     .     I  understand  that  these 
collections  were  probably  housed  in  what  is  now  known  as 
Stanhope  Hall,  or  in  what  was  known  as  Philosophy  Hall, 
now  no  longer  in  existence.     I  am  inclined  to  doubt  the  prob- 
ability of  their  having  been  placed  in  Nassau  Hall  and  de- 
stroyed in  the  fire  of  1855." 

In  the  library  of  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden,  Dr.  John 


2o6  Proceedings  Nexv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

H.  Barnhart  showed  me  six  letters  written  by  Jaeger  to  Dr. 
John  Torrey,  bearing  dates  from  1837  to  1842.  In  the  one 
dated  Nov,  21,  1837,  from  Princeton,  Jaeger  proposes  to  send 
to  Torrey  a  collection  of  his  duplicate  plants  for  the  purpose 
of  furnishing  Torrey  with  material  which  could  be  exchanged 
with  European  correspondents.  Jaeger  states  that  his  material 
was  carefully  prepared  and  that  a  large  number  of  his  speci- 
mens bear  roots  and  fruits.  He  asks  Dr.  Torrey  for  an  im- 
mediate answer  if  his  proposal  is  accepted  as  he  (Jaeger)  has 
the  duplicates  packed  and  ready.  This  letter  is  signed  "Your 
devoted  friend,  B.  Jaeger,"  and  is  accompanied  by  a  list  of 
duplicates  containing  the  names  of  183  species  and  a  list  of 
desiderata  numbering  186  species.  In  the  letter  dated  Sept. 
13,  1838,  from  Princeton,  Jaeger  thanks  Torrey  for  some  plants 
and  promises  to  send  him  a  list  of  plants  collected  in  Virginia, 
the  western  part  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  vicinity  of  Princeton. 
Under  date  of  Nov.  3,  1838,  Jaeger  writes  from  Hopewell, 
N.  J.,  referring  mainly  to  one  of  Torrey's  publications  and 
regretting  that  he  was  unable  to  collect  the  money  for  subscrip- 
tions. 

Under  date  of  Sept.  21,  1840,  Jaeger  mentions  that,  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  vacation  period,  he  sent  Torrey  a  few  tortoises 
for  his  little  daughter  and  also  a  letter  containing  $30  for  his 
flora.  In  this  letter  (Sept.  21,  1840)  Jaeger  enclosed  $3.  which 
he  had  received  from  Prof.  Moffat  at  Lafayette  College  as  a 
subscription.  The  remainder  is  devoted  to  plants  and  parts 
of  Torrey's  work  which  Jaeger  wanted.  Writing  from  Prince- 
ton, Sept.  25,  1840,  Jaeger  acknowledges  Torrey's  letter  of  Sep- 
tember 4  and  also  the  receipt  of  a  beautiful  doll  which  one  of 
Torrey's  daughters  had  sent  for  Prof.  Jaeger's  daughter, 
Fanny.  In  this  letter  Jaeger  promises  to  send  some 
tortoises  and  other  articles  to  Torrey  for  his  daughter's  cabinet 
of  natural  history.  Among  other  matters,  he  acknowledges 
with  thanks  the  invitation  for  him  to  consider  Torrey's  house 
his  own  if  he  should  visit  New  York.  The  last  letter  is  dated 
Nov.  12,  1842,  at  Alexandria,  D.  C,  and  informs  Torrey  that 
he  (Jaeger)  had  advised  a  Lieut.  Tremont,  who  had  collected 
plants  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  to  send  his  col- 


New  Jersey  Over  a  Century  Ago,  As  Seen  By  a  Frenchman  207 

lection  of  several  hundred  specimens  to  him  to  be  named. 
Jaeger  states  that  he  examined  a  few  specimens  thought 
worthy  of  being  looked  at  by  Dr.  Torrey  and  Dr.  Gray.  All 
of  the  letters  are  in  the  handwriting  of  Prof.  Jaeger  and  are 
signed  by  him. 

For  information  concerning  Prof.  Jaeger's  activities  at  the 
College  of  New  Jersey,  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  V.  Lansing  Col- 
lins, Secretary  of  Princeton  University.  Mr.  Calvin  W.  Foss, 
of  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library,  generously  supplied  me  with 
an  abstract  of  Prof.  Jaeger's  obituary  printed  in  the  Brooklyn 
"Eagle,"  August  18,  1869.  Through  the  kindness  of  the 
Princeton  University  Library,  Dr.  John  H.  Barnhart,  of  the 
New  York  Botanical  Garden,  Mr.  A.  J.  Mutchler,  of  the  Amer- 
ican Museum  of  Natural  History  (through  the  courtesy  of  Dr. 
F.  E.  Lutz),  and  Mr.  W.  T.  Davis,  Staten  Island,  I  was  able 
to  examine  all  of  Prof.  Jaeger's  books  and  the  manuscript  and 
letters  mentioned  above. 

icJM        ((5*        ^*        t^ 

NEW  JERSEY  OVER  A  CENTURY  AGO,  AS  SEEN 
BY  A  FRENCHMAN 

BY  REV.  JOSEPH  F.  FOLSOM,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

The  "Journal''  of  the  travels  in  New  Jersey  and  Pennsyl- 
vania of  the  French  financier,  Theophile  Cazanove,  during 
1794,  is  now  translated  and  published  by  the  Pennsylvania 
History  Press,  the  editing  having  been  done  by  Rayner  W. 
Kelsey,  Ph.  D.,  professor  of  American  history  in  Haverford 
College. 

The  book  brings  back  a  very  interesting  period  in  American 
history,  when  travelers  from  abroad  came  to  look  us  over  and 
report  back  to  the  old  country  as  to  our  manners,  customs  and 
financial  standing.  We  were  a  young  nation,  just  toddling 
along,  and  our  friends  across  the  sea  came  to  watch  us  tod- 
dle or  to  toddle  with  us,  if  by  so  doing  they  could  get  in  on  the 
ground  floor  in  land  deals  and  other  speculations.  A  complete 
series  of  the  books  or  journals  coming  under  the  general  title 
of  "Travels  in  the  United  States,"  written  during  these  early 


2o8  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

days  of  the  republic,  would  make  an  instructive  library.  Caza- 
nove  came  over  in  1790,  as  a  representative  of  the  Holland 
Land  Company,  to  learn  as  much  as  he  could  about  business 
openings,  and  remained  until  1799. 

The  book  contains  a  folded  map  of  Cazanove's  journey 
across  New  Jersey  into  Pennsylvania  as  far  as  Chambersburg 
and  back  to  Philadelphia.  The  route  through  New  Jersey  in- 
cluded Nev/ark,  Springfield,  Chatham,  Hanover,  Troy,  Boon- 
ton,  Morristown,  Long  Valley,  Washington,  New  Village  and 
the  crossing,  opposite  Easton,  of  the  Delaware.  The  first  page 
of  the  "Journal"  takes  in  Newark,  and  it  is  here  given  entire : 
"On  October  21,  1794,  left  New  York  at  10  o'clock,  in  a 
carriage  drawn  by  2  horses  ;  my  saddle  horse,  the  coachman  and 
Petit.  Arrived  at  Newark,  New  Jersey,  8  miles  distant,  at 
4  o'clock :  lodged  at  GifiFort's. 

"Oct.  22,  meeting  of  the  directors  and  stockholders  of  the 
Manufacturers'  Company  established  in  Paterson,  14  miles 
from  Newark.  Learned  that  a  large  cloth-printing  factory  is 
going  to  be  established  in  Pompton,  situated  8  miles  from 
Paterson,  under  the  directions  of  Mr.  John  Davies  [Daniels?]. 
They  do  not  know  who  furnishes  the  money  for  this  undertak- 
ing— they  suspect  D. 

"Academy  of  Latin  and  English  and  reading  and  writing 
and  French:  prepares  for  college;  90  scholars,  6  pounds  per 
year,  25  pounds  room  in  town,  boarding  and  lessons.  A  Lib- 
erty bonnet  on  a  pole  in  the  middle  of  the  village,  a  furnace 
where  cast-iron  stoves  are  made.  The  city,  very  pretty,  full 
of  shoemakers,  and  shoe  and  boot  factories,  sell  from  ten  to 
thirteen  thousand  dollars  worth  a  year.  Undertook  yesterday 
20  thousand  pairs  of  shoes  for  the  army,  at  8  dollars  a  pair. 
A  factory  for  cotton  and  wool  and  cotton  stockings.  Eight 
looms  [tended]  by  young  boys  [make]  excellent  white  and 
blue  stockings,  but  at  los.,— a  dollar  and  a  quarter. 

"Mrs.  Capron  keeps  a  girls'  school  of  20  scholars,  boarders 
and  day  pupils.  She  teaches  them  French,  drawing,  sewing 
and  embroidery,  for  $10  a  quarter.  Tuition  and  board,  laun- 
dry, heat,  etc.,  cost  52  pounds,  or  $130  a  year,  without  the  after- 
noon session,  arithmetic,  music,  geography;   for  these  ladies 


New  Jersey  Over  a  Century  Ago,  As  Seen  By  a  Frenchman  209 

can  go  at  small  cost  to  the  Academy  and  take  lessons  under  the 
supervision  of  the  Newark  teachers. 

"Someone  broke  into  the  carriage  at  night  and  carried  off 
some  pieces   of   luggage — these   were   recovered   because   the 
parties  were  detected  in  the  act." 
\  To   those    familiar   with    Newark   history,   Giffort's   means 

I  Archer  Gifford's  tavern  at  Broad  and  Market,  and  Mrs.  Cap- 

I  ron's  school  and  the  Academy  were  well  known  institutions. 

J  Newark  was  very  "pretty"  and  yet  full  of  shoemakers  and 

i  doing  a  rushing  business  for  those  days.     Cazanove  felt  no 

I  grudge  against  Newark,  even  if  his  luggage  was  stolen — and 

I  recovered. 

I  Cazanove  went  on  to  Springfield  and  covers  the  subject  of 

I  that  historic  village  with  forty-three  words,  ending  with  "a 

f  Liberty-bonnet  on  a  pole  in  the  center  of  the  village."     Nobody 

:  reminded  him  of  the  famous  battle  of  some  fifteen  years  prev- 

I  iously,  and  he  apparently  did  not  hear  about  "Give  'em  Watts, 

I  boys."     He  rode  on  to  Chatham,  where  he  noted  a  big  Bible 

on  the  table  under  the  mirror  in  Day's  tavern.  The  Chatham 
farmers  raised  cattle.  They  had  cut  off  most  all  the  wood,  and 
walnut  for  burning  in  the  stove  was  up  to  $2  a  cord.  At  Han- 
over he  found  better  ground  for  cultivation  and  fifteen  bushels 
of  wheat  could  be  got  from  the  acre.  At  Patin's  well-conducted 
inn  he  found  another  English  Bible  on  a  table  under  a  mirror. 
A  half  mile  away  Charles  Marr's  paper  mill  was  located,  where 
in  Cazanove's  judgment  the  best  paper  in  the  States  was  made. 
Goose  quills  could  be  bought  of  one  Ferris  for  two  cents,  the 
dozen  ready  for  sharpening.  The  traveler  went  on  to  Troy 
and  then  Bonn  Town  (Boonton)  and  visited  Faesch's  iron 
works,  where  was  rolled  the  pig  iron  that  was  made  at  Mount 
Hope. 

Morristown  seems  to  have  taken  Cazanove's  fancy,  for  his 
account  of  it  requires  almost  four  printed  pages.  He  lodged 
at  O'Harra's  tavern,  though  mine  host  was  away  with  the 
militia  to  quell  in  Pennsylvania  the  Whisky  Rebellion.  Many 
free  negroes  lived  in  Morristown,  and  in  his  opinion  were  not 
getting  up  very  rapidly  in  morals  or  finances.  There  was  a 
dancing  hall  in  the  village  for  winter  recreations,  and  a  little 
14 


2IO  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

public  subscription  library.  Land  fronting  on  the  village 
streets  sold  as  high  as  £ioo  per  acre.  Plenty  of  schools  and 
churches  and  a  good  prison,  with  no  criminals  and  three  debtors. 
The  "college"  had  for  its  head  Gilpen  Russel,  and  he  had  built 
a  small  theatre  in  which  the  scholars  could  play  little  comedies. 
The  town  was  situated  on  a  hill  near  which  ran  a  stream,  and 
there  was  a  tall  liberty  pole  erected  with  a  Liberty  bonnet. 
Cazanove  seems  to  have  heard  nothing  about  Washington  hav- 
ing made  there  his  headquarters  for  many  months. 

The  traveler  moved  on  to  Black  River,  now  Succasunna, 
and  has  much  to  say  about  cider  and  whiskey,  for  which  the 
■  inhabitants  seem  to  have  been  noted.  Whiskey  was  bringing 
the  farmers  from  50  to  60  shillings  the  hogshead,  whereas  a 
few  years  previously  it  had  brought  but  20  shillings.  There 
were  104  gallons  to  the  hogshead.  There  was  a  great  export 
of  spirits  to  New  York,  and  from  there  to  the  South.  The  farm- 
ers found  the  apple  business  prosperous  in  the  way  indicated, 
and  were  planting  many  orchards. 

He  went  on  to  German  Valley,  to  Van  House's  tavern,  and 
then  over  Schooley's  Mountain  to  Miller's  tavern  on  the  Mus- 
conetcong  creek,  through  wooded  and  uncultivated  lands  and 
then  on  to  Easton,  Pennsylvania.  Cazanove  mentions  this 
route  through  New  Jersey  as  being  universally  taken  by  the  emi- 
grants to  the  West,  hundreds  of  families  passing  through  each 
year  from  New  England  to  Kentucky  and  Ohio. 

<^     ^     ^     ^ 

A  YOUNG  MAN'S  JOURNAL  OF  1800-1813 

[Continued  from  Page  134] 
In  continuing  extracts  from  this  "Journal,"  we  shall  note 
only  such  facts  as  give  names  of  persons  in  Sussex  county  and 
elsewhere  who  were  active  members  of  society,  or  were  en- 
gaged in  business,  some  120  or  so  years  ago ;  also  such  as  throw 
light  upon  methods  and  slowness  of  travel  in  those  days.  It 
will  be  noticed  from  the  following  instalment  that  sometimes 
New  York  could  be  reached  from  Newton,  N.  J.,  in  a  little 
less  than  two  days,  while  sometimes  the  longer  route  going 
or  returning,  for  example  by  New  Brunswick,  occupied  three 


A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  1 800-1 813  211 

or  four  days.     All  this  seems  curious  enough  to-day.     The 

"young  man,"  who  kept  the  "Journal,"  evidently  had  not  only 

an  eye  to  business,  but  to  social  enjoyments,  and  his. descriptions 

of  what  went  on  in  society  in  Sussex  county  at  the  beginning 

i,  of  the  last  century  cannot  fail  to  have  at  least  a  partial  interest 

I  for  many  of  our  readers.     Being  only  21  years  of  age  when  he 

I  began  his  diary,  he  was  naturally  susceptible  to  the  company 

of  good  ladies. 

"1802,  June  10. — At  Newton,  making  preparations  to  start 
I  to  New  York  to  purchase  goods.     Mr.  Stoll  and  I  rented  Col. 

I  Thompson's  store  house.     We  shall  set  out  for  New  York  next 

I  Sunday. 

I  "19. — This  day   Brother  Johnny  paid   me  $300,  being  the 

\  money  I  lent  him  on  my  return  from  New  Orleans.       Also 

\  rec'd  of  Br.  David  $70. 

I  "20. — Mr.  Stoll  and  I  started  for  New  York  in  a  chair; 

\  arrived  at  Morristown  at  8  P.  M.  and  stayed  all  night. 

j  "21. — Proceeded  on;  got  to  Elizabethtown  Point  at  10;  took 

i  passage  and  arrived  at  New  York  at  2  P.  M. ;  took  lodgings  at 

I  Mr.  Lansbury's,  in  Front  Street.     Walked  out ;  found  goods 

i  tolerable  low ;  shall  begin  to  purchase  tomorrow. 

^'22. — Purchased  our  groceries ;  hardware,  Queensware,  sta- 
j  tionery,  etc. 

I  "24. — Received  of  John  Van  Deren  in  cash  $244.       Pur- 

I  chased  our  dry  goods,  etc. 

I  "25. — Had  all   our  goods  put   on  board   of   Mr.   Dayton's 

j  sloop  and  will  sail  tomorrow  for  Elizabethtown. 

I  "26. — Settled  all  up  for  our  goods,  and  at  10  o'clock  we  set 

sail  for  Jersey ;  arrived  at  i  P.  M. ;  started  on  and  got  as  far  as 
Rockaway. 

*'2y. — Proceeded  on ;  got  as  far  as  Sparta  by  i  and  arrived 
at  Newton  at  4  o'clock. 

"28. — Started  up  7  teams  for  our  goods;  went  to  Johnson- 
burg  and  returned. 

"July  2. — Some  of  our  goods  arrived  this  evening. 
"5. — This  morning  Mr.  Stoll  and  I  opened  store  and  com- 
menced business.     Independence  today ;  celebrated  it  in  New- 
ton at  Mr.  Johnson's. 


212  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  1 

"23. — Rode  to  Johusonburg  with  Mr.  Van  Tile   Coursen;  I 

stayed  all  night  at  Brother  Henry's.  | 

"25. — Went  to  Church,  after  which  Jacob  S.  Thomson  and  I  | 

rode  to  P.  Smith's,  etc.  '  | 

"Oct.   3. — T.  O.   Anderson  and   I   rode  up  to   Frankf  ord  ;  | 

took  tea  at  Capt.  Haggerty's  and  returned.  I 

"5. — Thos.  O.  Anderson  and  I  rode  up  to  Vernon  to  the  ^ 

races;  spent  the  day  very  agreeably.       'Hardware'  took  this  J 

day's  purse.     Stayed  all  night  at  Mr.  Seward's.  I 

"6. — The  races  again  commenced.     'Honest  John'  took  the  s 

purse,  after  which  the  scrub  race  run,  Mr.  Jedediah  Sayre  and  I  » 

started  and  rode  to  Deckertown  and  stayed  all  night  at  his  ] 

house.  I 

"y. — After  breakfast  I  rode  across  the  mountains  to  IMilf ord  ;  ] 

stayed  all  night  at  Mr.  Wickham  of  Bloominggrove.  | 

"8. — Returned  over  the  river  to  Milford  and  stayed  till  after-  ' 

noon,  when  Brother  Sammy  and  I  came  over  and  met  Col. 
Chas.  Longstreet  and  Mr.  Peter  Smith,  when  the  business  of 
Jonathan  Johnson,  deceased,  was  finally  settled,  at  $200,  with 
Charles  Longstreet.     Stayed  all  night  at  Mr.  Wickham's. 

"9. — Started  on  for  Newton.  Breakfasted  at  Capt.  Martin 
Westbrook's.  At  widow  Baldwin's  fell  in  with  Peter  Smith, 
Esq.,  who  accompanied  me  to  Newton. 

"12. — Election  of  Members  of  Council  and  the  General  As- 
sembly of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  commenced. 

"13. — Election  closed,  but  the  result  will  not  be  known 
till  Saturday  next. 

"16. — The  election  resulted  in  the  reelection  of  the  old  mem- 
bers, viz.  Council — \Vm.  C.  McCullough  ;  Assembly — Silas 
Dickinson,  Jno.  Linn,  Abram  V.  Shaver  and  Levi  Howell ; 
SheritT — George  Bidleman,  all  Democrats. 

"22. — The  election  in  the  State  has  concluded  in  a 
majority  of  one  of  Democrats,  in  the  Council,  and  in  the  As- 
sembly of  one  of  Federalists,  making  joint  meeting  26  on 
either  side;  how  they  will  appoint  a  Governor,  etc.,  I  cannot 
divine. 

"28. — Miss  Polly  Bond  from  Philadelphia,  who  has  been  in 
Newton  about  two  weeks,  this  day  started  for  Belvidere. 


A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  213 

"29. — Purchased  about  $1,000  worth  of  goods  of  Conrad 
Vanhouten,  on  advantageous  terms. 

"Nov.  I. — My  partner,  Mr.  Stoll,  started  for  New  York  to 
purchase  more. goods. 

"4- — Loaded  and  started  off  three  teams  to  Ehzabethtown  for 
goods  in  the  afternoon.  Dr.  Hunt  and  I  rode  to  Deckertown 
and  sat  in  Farmer's  Lodge. 

"Dec.  5. — Reading  Robinson's  'America.' 

"23. — Started  at  10  o'clock  for  New  York;  arrived  at  Mor- 
ristown  at  5  P.  M.  and  put  up. 

"24 — Proceeded  on  and  arrived  at  Ehzabethtown  Point  at 
2  P.  M.;  took  passage  at  3  and  arrived  at  New  York  at  half 
past  4.  Took  lodgings  at  Mr.  Lansbury's  in  Front  street,  and 
went  to  the  theatre.     King  Richard  the  Third  performed. 

"25. — This  being  Christmas,  I  went  over  on  Long  Island 
and  took  a  Christmas  dinner  in  Brooklyn  v/ith  Mr.  Holly,  etc. 

''2y. — This  day  applied  myself  to  business.  Purchased  a 
handsome  assortment  of  drygoods  of  Messrs.  Sayre  &  John 
and  Mr.  John  Haggerty. 

"28. — Purchased  groceries  of  Messrs.  McCullen  &  Johnson, 
and  finished  my  sale  and  purchases. 

"29. — At  two  o'clock  set  sail  in  a  boat  for  E.  Town  Point. 
Our  passage  was  so  long  and  tedious  we  did  not  arrive  till  9 
P.  M.     Stayed  at  Col.  Crane's  all  night. 

"30. — Started  on,  and  at  sunset  arrived  at  Col.  Drake's,  where 
I  stayed  all  night. 

"31. — After  breakfast  set  out  and  arrived  at  Newton  at  2 
P.  M.  Found  all  well  and  all  is  well  that  ends  well,  and  so 
ends  this  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  two. 

"Apr.  3,  1803. — This  day  Wm.  T.  Anderson  and  myself  rode 
up  to  Frankford,  and  drank  tea  at  Capt.  Armstrong's,  with  a 
numerous  concourse  of  ladies  and  gents  from  Hamburg,  Deck- 
ertown and  in  the  vicinity  of  Frankford.  In  the  evening  we 
walked  over  to  Capt.  Haggerty's  and  stayed  all  night. 

"4. — This  afternoon  this  party  rode  up  to  Deckertown  with 
Miss  Susan  Sayre  to  her  father's,  where  we  were  very  politely 
and  agreeably  entertained,  with  every  kind  of  amusement,  cal- 
culated to  render  the  time  as  happy  as  possible. 


214  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

"6.— This  day  I  have  been  obh'ged  to  change  my  board,  as 
Brother  Johnny  has  moved  from  his  tavern  to  his  roadhouse.  the 
upper  end  of  town,  day  before  yesterday.  I,  therefore,  shall 
board  at  Mr.  Bassett's  till  Doctor  Hendric  takes  possession  of 
Brother  Johnnie's  tavern  house,  which  will  be  the  15th  inst. 

"^2-— This  day  the  gentlemen  of  Newton  concluded  to  have 
a  ball ;  that  the  ladies  of  Hamburg,  Sparta,  Deckertown  and 
Frankford  be  invited  to  attend ;  the  ball  to  be  at  J.  J.  Hendric's 
the  26th  inst.  Job  S.  Halstead,  William  T.  Anderson  and  my- 
self were  appointed  managers. 

"18.— Sent  tickets  of  invitation  to  the  ladies  and  letters  to 
the  gentlemen,  requesting  the  honor  of  their  attendance  at  the 
ball. 

"21.— Mr.  William  T.  Anderson  and  myself  rode  up  to  Ham- 
burg,^ dined  at  Mr.  Reynold's  and  drank  tea  at  Judge  Law- 
rence's;   returned  in  the  evening. 

"26.— This  being  the  day  appointed  for  the  ball,  Mr.  Wm.  T. 
Anderson  and  myself  at  11  o'clock  rode  up  in  coaches  to 
Frankford,  where  we  took  in  five  amiable  young  ladies,  and 
escorted  them  to  Newton  at  7  o'clock  P.  M.  We  all  assembled 
in  the  ball  room  and  prepared  to  dance.  The  company  con- 
sisted of  Mrs.  Duboise,  Mrs.  Baldwin,  Miss  Susan  Sayre,  Miss 
Nancy  Haggerty,  Miss  Polly  Haggerty,  Miss  Betsey  and  Miss 
Peggy  Armstrong,  Miss  Maria  Lawrence,  Miss  Ann  Ryerson, 
Miss  Rebecca  Ogden,  Miss  Betsey  Rorback,  Miss  Ellinor  Con- 
over,  Miss  Ann  Mclntyre  and  Miss  Clara  Broderick,  together 
with  the  like  number  of  gentlemen.  At  8  o'clock  the  ball  opened 
m  due  form.  The  evening  was  spent  with  all  the  hilarity  usual 
on  such  occasions.  At  12  o'clock  took  some  refreshment,  tea, 
coffee,  etc. 

"27-  At  I  A.  M.  again  commenced  dancing  and  continued 
till  3,  when  we  all  dispersed  in  perfect  harmony  and  good  or- 
der. After  breakfast  Mr.  Anderson  and  myself  again  escorted 
the  ladies  to  Frankford ;  bid  adieu  and  left  them,  after  which 
we  returned  to  Newton. 

"29.— Brother  Johnny  and  I  rode  in  a  chair  to  Belvidere 
and  stayed  all  night. 

"30.— Returned  by  way  of  Knolton  and  Stillwater  to  New- 
ton. 


A   Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  215 

"July  20. — This  day  Jacob  S.  Thomson  and  Job  S.  Halstead, 
Esq.,  together  with  myself,  went  in  the  Goshen  and  Easton 
stage  to  Belvidere,  at  which  place  we  arrived  at  2  P.  M. ;  took 
dinner  at  Mr.  Rockefeller's ;  from  thence  we  walked  over  to 
Mrs.  Paul's,  where  I  had  the  pleasure  of  being  introduced  to  the 
amiable  Miss  Sally  Ann  Paul,  possessed  of  wit,  beauty  and 
accomplishments,  and  in  that  every  requisite  to  constitute  that 
man  happy  who  shall  be  the  possessor  of  her  charms.  Drank 
tea  at  Mrs.  Paul's;  at  8  walked  over  to  Mr.  Todd's;  was  in- 
troduced to  Miss  Shippen.  Major  Roberdeau  came  to  Belvi- 
dere in  the  evening,  and  invited  us  to  ride  over  tomorrow  and 
dine  with  him.  At  12  Mr.  Thomson  and  I  went  to  Mr.  Rocke- 
feller's to  bed. 

"21, — Breakfasted  with  Mrs.  Paul.  At  11  o'clock  Capt.  Kin- 
ney, Mr.  Gordon,  Doctor  Guinness  and  we  three  rode  over  to 
Major  Robcrdeau's,  where  we  were  sumptuously  entertained ; 
indeed,  I  believe  we  drank  a  dozen  bottles  of  good  Madeira 
wine.  At  4  started  for  Belvidere  and,  I  believe,  a  little  tipsey. 
At  5  arrived ;  drank  tea  by  invitation  of  Henry  Hankinson, 
Esq.  Spent  the  evening  at  Mrs.  Paul's.  Lodged  at  Mr,  Rock- 
efeller's. 

"22. — At  six  started  for  Newton.  Breakfasted  at  John- 
sonburg  with  H.  Johnson.  Arrived  at  Newton  at  i  P.  M.  On 
the  whole  we  had  truly  an  agreeably  trip  in  every  respect. 

"Aug.  8. — Mr.  Jacob  S.  Thomson  and  myself  rode  to  Mr. 
Gustin's ;  from  thence  to  Armstong's,  and  from  there  to  Deck- 
ertown. 

"25. — Rode  in  company  with  Mr.  Maybry  and  Messrs.  Rob- 
ert and  Job  S.  Halstead  to  Sparta ;  dined  at  Robert  Ogden's. 
Returned. 

"Oct.  4. — In  the  morning  Brother  Johnny  and  I  rode  to 
Mr.  De  Puy's  and  dined,  after  which  we  continued  on  and  ar- 
rived at  Milford  at  sunset;  at  8  went  to  Milford  Lodge;  re- 
turned to  our  lodgings  at  2  A.  M. 

"5-— Took  breakfast  at  Gen.  Seely's,  and  at  i  P.  M.  walked 
up  to  Col.  Brodhead's  and  dined  with  him;  returned  at  5 
P.  M. 


2i6  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

"6. — After  breakfast,  started  for  Newton,  arrived  at  6 
P.  M. 

"15. — This  being  the  day  for  canvassing  the  votes  of  the 
County  the  following  appeared  to  be  elected,  to  wit :  Council 
— William  McCullough  ;    Members  of  the  General  Assembly  | 

— John  Linn,  Abraham  Shaver,  Levi  Howell  and  John  John-  i 

son ;  Sheriff — Charles  Pemberton  ;   Coroners — Abraham  Cour-  1 

sen,  Samuel  Griggs,  Alex.  White,  all  Democrats.  1 

"Nov.  29. — This  day  Mr.  Thomson  and  myself  accompanied  | 

General  Seely,  'Squire  Dimmick  and  Brother  Sammy  over  the  | 

mountain.     Mr.  Thomson  and  I  stayed  at  Mr.  Ennis' ;    a  lit-  1 

tie  dance  there.  f 

"30. — After  breakfast  Mr.  Thomson  and  myself  rode  on  to  j 

Milford.     In  the  evening  we  were  treated  with  an  elegant  ball.  | 

"Dec.   2. — Making  preparations  to   send  to   New   York  to  | 

lay  in  goods.  j 

"4. — At   6   A.    M.    set   out   on   horseback.     Breakfasted   at  ] 

Widow  Seward's  ;    dined  at  Rockaway ;    drank  tea  at  Kip's ;  ■ 

arrived  at  Paterson  at  8  P.  M.     Put  up  at  ]\Iajor  Gordon's. 

"5. — At  7  A.  M.  set  out;  arrived  at  Powles  Hook  at  11  and 
took  breakfast.  At  12  crossed  the  North  River;  arrived  at 
New  York  and  put  up  in  William  street  at  i  o'clock.  At  6 
went  to  the  theatre ;    saw  the  'Castle  Spectre'  performed. 

"9. — At  10  A.  M.  left  New  York.  Started  from  the  Hook  at 
II ;  arrived  at  Newark  at  i  ;  rode  to  E.  Town ;  from  thence  to 
New  Brunswick,  at  which  place  I  arrived  at  8  P.  M.  and 
put  up. 

"10. — At  10  o'clock  started  for  Sussex;  got  as  far  as 
Flanders. 

"11. — Started  on  at  8 ;  arrived  at  Newton  about  6  P.  M. 

"14. — This  day  departed  this  life  Col.  Mark  Thomson.  A 
man  universally  beloved  and  esteemed  by  all  who  had  the  pleas- 
ure of  his  acquaintance.  An  old  Revolutionary  officer,  long  a 
member  of  the  American  Congress,  a  firm  patriot  and  genuine 
Federal  Republican.  I  am  unable  to  give  the  least  shade  or 
faint  coloring  to  so  worthy  a  character.  The  esteem  I  bore 
him  is  a  sufficient  culogium." 

[To  be  Continued] 


r  ■ 

The  Growth  of  Our  Postal  Facilities  217 

THE  GROWTH  OF  OUR  POSTAL  FACILITIES 

BY  WILLIAM  H.  BENEDICT,  NEW  BRUNSWICK,  N.  J. 

When  one  sees  our  wonderful  postal  facilities  of  to-day— not 
only  letters,  papers,  periodicals,  but  also  the  special  delivery, 
registered  mail,  insurance  and  parcels  post— and  then  looks 
back  229  years  to  the  beginning  in  1693,  he  cannot  help  being 
astonished  at  the  contrast. 

There  were  some  independent  efforts  before  1693,  ^"t  none 
that  could  be  called  a  beginning  of  postal  service.  In  1639 
Massachusetts  enacted  legislation  looking  to  postal  facilities, 
and  Richard  Fairbank's  house  in  Boston  was  designated  as  a 
Post  Office. 

In  1657  Virginia  took  sim.ilar  steps.     The  Directors  of  the 
West  India  Company,  in  1652,  wrote  Peter  Stuyvesant  "that 
they,  for  the  accommodation  of  private  parties,  had  put  up  a 
;  box  at  the  new  warehouse  for  the  collection  of  all  mail,  which 

■  will  be  sent  by  the  first  ship  sailing,  and  inform  you  thereof 

j  so  you  may  do  the  same."     Stuyvesant  did  not  act  upon  this 

i  suggestion,  which  was  repeated  in  1654  and  1655. 

\  On  the  completion  of  the  new   road    from   New   York  to 

{  Harlem  under  Governor  Francis  Lovelace  in  1672,  a  monthly 

\  mail  to  Boston  was  inaugurated  (January  i.  1673).  and  a  locked 

j  box  was  put  up  in  the  office  of  the  Colonial  Secretary  in  New 

I  York,  where  the  mail  could  accumulate  until  the  next  monthly 

j  post  started  out.     The  incoming  mail,  postage  being  paid,  was 

j  left  on  a  table  in  the  Coffee  House  until  called  for,  thus  carrying 

I  out  the  suggestion  made  to  Peter  Stuyvesant  in  1652,  twenty 

I  years  earlier.    This  arrangement  and  post  are  mentioned  as  the 

•  greatest  act  of   Governor  Lovelace's  administration. 

William  Penn  established  a  post-office  in  Philadelphia  in 
1683  and  granted  Henry  Waldy  authority  to  hold  one. 

In  1687  William  Bradford  was  Deputy-Postmaster.  The 
office  was  sought  by  printers  who  then  sent  their  own  newspa- 
pers by  the  post-riders  and  excluded  all  rival  papers. 

In  1691  a  patent  was  issued  Thomas  Neale  with  authority 
to  establish  post-offices  in  the  chief  seaports  in  the  colonies. 
Neale  does  not  seem  to  have  availed  himself  of  this  privilege. 


2i8  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

In  1692  Governor  Andrew  Hamilton  was  appointed  Post- 
master-General of  America  under  a  patent  that  made  the  mails 
his  personal  perquisite. 

In  1693  Governor  Fletcher,  of  New  Jersey,  advised  a  grant 
of  £50  to  provide  postal  facilities  in  the  Province,  which  the 
Council  voted  as  desired.  All  the  efforts  hitherto  had  been 
detached  and  local,  but  in  1693  service  began  under  Hamilton's 
patent,  with  a  weekly  post  from  Portsmouth,  New  Hamp- 
shire, to  Boston,  Saybrook,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Maryland 
and  Virginia.  Five  riders  covered  each  of  the  five  stages  twice 
a  week  in  summer  and  fortnightly  in  winter.  Just  what  com- 
prised the  five  stages  is  not  clear,  but  we  know  that  Henry 
Pratt  rode  the  post  from  Philadelphia  to  Newport,  Virginia, 
and  took  twenty-four  days  to  make  the  round  trip.  What 
New  Jersey  received  in  the  way  of  service  from  the  New 
York-to-Philadelphia  route  is  not  stated.  The  £50  voted 
Governor  Fletcher  would  indicate  something;  probably  a  mail 
left  at  Amboy, 

Massachusetts  established  a  general  letter  office  and  rates  of 
postage  ranging  from  two  pence  to  two  shillings,  in  1693,  ^" 
addition  to  the  earlier  move  in  1639.  1693  ^^^s  quite  a  stirring 
year  in  postal  matters ;  the  Provinces  seem  to  have  tried  to 
cooperate  with  Governor  Hamilton.  In  1703  Governor  Hamil- 
ton died  and  his  son.  Col.  John  Hamilton,  succeeded  him  under 
the  patent,  and  the  service  continued. 

In  1704  it  is  noted  that  post-riders  went  as  far  north  as  Bos- 
ton and  as  far  south  as  Charleston. 

In  1707  the  Crown  purchased  the  good  will  of  the  American 
post  routes  from  Hamilton,  but  continued  him  as  Postmaster- 
General,  now  under  the  control  of  the  General  Post  Office  in 
London.  (Incidentally,  New  York  is  reported  to  have  num- 
bered 1,000  houses  in  1708). 

In  April,  1709,  Gov.  John  Lovelace,  of  New  Jersey,  a  grand- 
son of  Governor  Francis  Lovelace,  of  New  York,  procured  the 
passage  of  a  bill  settling  a  post-office  in  the  Province,  the  first 
positive  knowledge  we  have  of  a  New  Jersey  post-office.  He 
seems  to  have  followed  in  the  footsteps  of  his  grandfather, 
who  put  up  the  mail  box  in  New  York  thirty-six  years  before. 


The  Grotvth  of  Our  Postal  Facilities  219 

In  1710  there  was  an  Act  of  Parliament  for  reorganizing  the 
postal  system  of  Great  Britain  and  establishing  posts  under  au- 
thority common  to  all  Colonies — a  general  post  in  the  Queen's 
dominions. 

In  171 1  it  is  noted  that  a  post-office  was  established  in  New 
York.  The  "Boston  News  Letter,"  Jan.  28  to  Feb.  4,  I7ii-'i2, 
has  an  advertisement  of  the  Philadelphia-Burlington-Amboy 
and  New  York  route,  with  the  rates  of  postage,  which  gives  the 
route  across  New  Jersey  and  mentions  two  post-offices.  Here 
we  have  something  positive  from  which  to  date. 

In  1716  a  statute  of  Queen  Anne  placed  the  Post-office  De- 
partment under  the  Crown,  pursuant  to  the  purchase  of  1707. 

In  1720  it  would  appear  that  the  post  towns  were  still  con- 
fined to  seaports,  and  they  were  given  as  Philadelphia,  Balti- 
more, Amboy  and  New  York;  although,  in  1717,  a  weekly 
post  between  New  York  and  Williamsburgh,  Virginia,  is  re- 
ferred to. 

Col.  John  Hamilton  seems  to  have  been  succeeded  by  Col. 
Alexander  Spotswood  in  1731  (although  the  date  is  uncertain), 
but  on  or  about  1731  (date  again  uncertain)  there  was  a  change 
in  the  postal  route  across  New  Jersey,  said  to  have  been  made 
by  Col.  Spotswood.  The  route  via  Burlington  and  Amboy  was 
abandoned  and  a  new  route  established  via  Bristol,  where  mail 
for  Burlington  was  left.  Trenton  was  a  distributing  centre  for 
at  least  forty-eight  surrounding  points,  which  sent  there  for 
mail ;  Brunswick  for  some  twenty-two  surrounding  points ; 
Woodbridge, where  the  mail  for  Amboy  was  left,  and  Elizabeth- 
town  Point,  where  the  mail  left  by  water  for  New  York.  This 
change  is  given  in  detail  in  a  letter  by  Benjamin  Franklin,  who 
had  received  a  letter  from  Gov.  Boone  complaining  of  the 
change  because  the  Governor's  residence  at  Amboy  and  his 
seat  of  government  at  Burlington  had  been  left  off  the  route. 
We  are  also  indebted  to  this  letter  for  a  number  of  facts  and 
dates  connected  with  the  early  post  routes.  Franklin  says  the 
change  was  made  on  application  to  Col.  Spotswood  about  thirty 
years  before.  As  his  letter  was  written  in  1761,  this  gives  us 
the  date  of  the  change  as  about  1731.  Franklin,  though  only 
Deputy-Postmaster  since  1753,  had  been  Postmaster  of  Phil- 


220  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  1 

adelphia  since   1737,  and  he  says:     "Have  been  concerned  in  1 

the  management  of  the  post-offices  between  Philadelphia  and  ^ 

New  York  for  twenty-four  years,  or  since  1737."     He  gives  a  \ 

sketch  of  the  old  and  new  routes,  and  says  that  the  old  route  | 

crossed  from  Bristol  by  a  long  ferry  about  one  and  one-half  | 

miles  to  Burlington,  another  long  ferry  nearly  two  miles  at  ^ 

Redford's,  and  ferries  again  to  Staten  Island,  Long  Island,  \ 

about  three  miles,  and  New  York, — five  ferries  in  all.     I  do  | 

not  find  this  route  described  anywhere  else.     Then  he  reviews  I 

the  new  route,  with  a  short  ferry  at  Trenton  and  at  Raritan,  i 

and  a  good  ferry  from  Elizabethport  to  New  York,  with  post  3 

offices  on  the  new  route  at  Bristol  (where  the  mail  is  left  con-  i 

veniently   to   Burlington),   Trenton,   Brunswick,    Woodbndge  | 

(where  the  mail  for  Amboy  is  left),  and  he  "don't  see  that  i 

either  place  suffers.     But  if  it  is  the  wish  of  the  authorities  \ 

in   London   that   the  mail   shall  go   by  the   Governor's   house  \ 

(though  unfortunately  the  Governors  have  selected  in  turn  dif-  ' 

ferent   places   of    residence)    will   be    governed   accordingly."  j 

In  corroboration  we  have  two  items.     In  1733  letters  were  left  ! 

at  the  house   of   James   Neilson,  in   New   Brunswick,  and   in-  ] 

1734  it  is  noted  that  "there  is  now  a  post-office  settled  in  Tren-  ' 

ton  in  the  house  of  Joseph  Read,  and  his  son  Andrew  is  ap- 
pointed postmaster."  From  the  word  "settled"  I  infer  that 
there  had  been  an  earlier  temporary  arrangement. 

William  Bradford  had  been  postmaster  in  Philadelphia  from 
1732-1737,  and  was  succeeded  by  Franklin,  as  already  stated. 

In  1745  John  Dally,  Surveyor  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey, 
made  a  survey  of  a  road  from  Trenton  to  Amboy  and  set  up 
marks  every  two  miles.  Theretofore  the  road  had  been  from 
Burlington  to  Amboy ;  how  much  of  this  was  a  new  road  and 
how  much  followed  the  old  road  is  not  clear,  nor  does  it  seem 
to  have  had  any  connection  with  the  mails,  though  it  is  so  in- 
timated. There  is  reason  to  believe  that  the  post-ofifice  in  the 
old  towns  of  Burlington  and  Amboy  were  retained,  as  we  have 
a  note  that  Jonathan  Thomas  was  postmaster  in  Burlington  in 
1750  and  John  Fox  was  postmaster  in  Amboy  in  1751,  long 
after  the  change  of  route.  In  1752  there  was  only  one  mail  in 
two  weeks  throujjh  the  winter  from  New  York  to  Philadel- 


f 

f  The  Figure  Head  of  Jackson  221 

phia.     Col.  Spotswood  died  in  1740  and  Col.  Hamilton  in  1746. 
f  There  are  thirteen  years  between  the  death  of  Spotswood  and 

the  appointment  of  Franklin  and  William  Hunter  as  Deputy- 
Postmaster-Generals  in  1753. 

In  1753  great  activity  in  postal  matters  began.     Post-oflices 
i  were  established  ;  the  advertising  of  uncalled-for  letters  by  the 

I  post-offices  was  introduced ;    every  post-office  in  the  Colonies, 

I  except  Charleston,  was  visited  and  put  upon  an  improved  foot- 

I  ing.     In  Woodbridge,  in  1754,  the  postmaster  was  James  Park- 

s' er,  another  printer.     Brook  Forman  was  postmaster  in  New 

»  Brunswick  in  1764  and  Michael  Duffy  in  1767,  both  innkeepers. 

I  It  is  from  the  advertising  by  Trenton  and  Brunswick  of 

I  uncalled-for  letters,  Sept.  23rd  and  Sept.  28th,  1754,  that  we 

\  get  the  names  of  the  surrounding  places  dependent  on  these 

\  two  for  their  mail ;  also  showing  that  the  new  law  was  promptly 

]  put  into  effect. 

j  Franklin  was  removed  in  1774,  but  reinstated  in  1775.     He 

i  was  followed  by  Richard  Bache  in  1776,  and  by  Samuel  Osgood 

I  1789  to  1791. 

j  ^*  c?*  t^  tc^ 

I  THE  FIGURE  HEAD  OF  JACKSON 

j  BY  FREDERICK  A.  CANFIELD,  DOVER,  N.  J. 

'  On  July  3RD,  1834,  the  "Boston  Daily  News"  published  the 

following  item  of  news : 

"The  Figurehead. — A  report  is  in  circulation  this  morning 
that  the  Figure  Head  on  the  U.  S.  Ship  Constitution  has  been 
DECAPITATED.  It  is  rumored  that  it  was  effected  last 
night.    As  to  the  truth  of  this  report  we  cannot  vouch." 

This  was  the  first  announcement  of  an  event  which  quite  con- 
vulsed the  political  world.  The  newspapers  took  sides  ac- 
cording to  their  love  or  hatred  for  President  Jackson.  The 
Whig  papers  published  acres  of  sarcastic  sympathy,  and  the 
country  was  deluged  with  tears  of  rage  and  of  the  crocodile 
sort. 

Commodore  J.  D.  Elliott  was  Commandant  of  the  Boston 
Navy  Yard  at  that  time.  Under  the  date  of  July  23,  1834,  he 
wrote  a  letter  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  in  which  he  says : 


222  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

"A  large  party  was  held  a  few  evenings  back  when  the 
trophy  was  exhibited  and  I  understand  has  been  cut  up  and  a 
portion  held  by  each  individual ;  a  small  portion  came  to  me  as 
you  will  perceive ;   this  return  me  if  you  please." 

Mahlon  Dickerson,  of  New  Jersey,  was  Secretary  of  the  Na- 
vy during  both  terms  of  Jackson's  administration.  He  kept  a 
diary  faithfully,  for  over  sixty  years.  In  this  connection  this 
extract  from  the  original  notes  is  of  interest: 

[1835]   "Wed.  I  April.     A  delightful  spring  day;    went  to 
see  the  wild  beasts,  etc.     P'd  Latimer  $100  and  Logan  $100. 
Capt.  Sam'l  W.  Dewey  called  on  me  and  informed  me  that  he 
was  the  person  who  mutilated  the  Figure  Head  of  the  Frigate 
Constitution  in  July  last ;   that  he  had  brought  on  with  him  the 
part  sawed  off,  and  was  desirous  of  delivering  it  up  to  me; 
that  he  would  submit  to  the  laws  and  abide  any  punishment 
that  might  be  inflicted  on  him.     Said  he  was  a  friend  to  Gen. 
Jackson,  but  was  opposed  to  the  Figure  Head  because  he  had 
heard  so  much  said  against  it  by  merchants  and  others  at  Bos- 
ton ;  that  he  had  no  doubt  the  ship  would  have  been  destroyed 
if  the  Figure  Head  had  not  been  removed ;  that  Rich,  the  East 
India  Merchant,  had  much  to  say  against  it ;  that  no  one  was 
concerned  with  him  in  the  act;  that  on  going  from  home  for 
a  few  days  he  left  it  with  a  friend,  who  lent  it  to  a  company  at 
a  great  feast  and  supper  at  Boston,  where  it  was  exhibited,  and 
where  the  company  cut  off  a  part  of  its  ears ;  that  he  was  ex- 
tremely angry  at  this,  and  got  the  head  back  again ;  that  he  had 
intended  to  deliver  it  up,  but  was  prevented  by  some  Whigs, 
who  had  him  seized  and  confined  8r  days  in  New  York  as  a  mad 
man ;   that  Barnabas  Bates  of  New  York  married  his  aunt,  but 
was  not  consulted  as  to  his  confinement.     Says  he  is  not  a  mad 
man  and  that  he  will  prosecute  them  for  false  imprisonment; 
says  that  Rich  was  at  the  great  supper,  but  that  Biddle  had  left 
it  before  the  Head  was  exhibited.     I  at  first  refused  to  have 
anything  to  do  with  the  Figure  Head,  but  finally,  at  his  solicit- 
ation, consented  to  take  it,  and  he  brought  it  to  my  lodgings  at 
>^  after  4  P.  M.,  and  gave  it  me  in  a  small  trunk.     It  was  the 
crown  of  the  Head  very  neatly  sawed  immediately  below  the 
nose  and  ears.     He  said  Captain  Elliott  was  at  a  party  at  Bos- 
ton the  night  it  was  done ;  that  he  did  not  get  to  the  Navv  Yard 
till  midnight  in  a  horrible  rain;  that  he  sculled  himself  in  a 
small  boat  to  the  Constitution;  that  he  mounted  the  side  and 
that_ there  was  not  a  soul  or  watch  aboard;  that  there  was  a 
sentinel  on  board  the  Columbus  and  another  on  board   the 


r 


Number  of  Soldiers  in  the  Revolution  223 

Independence;  that  their  lights  enabled  him  to  do  his  work; 
that  he  was  23/2  hours  about  it." 

The  diary  contains  no  other  allusion  to  the  Figure  Head. 
But  a  few  additional  facts  are  pertinent. 

In  June,  191 1,  Mr.  W.  H.  Pierce,  of  Spring  Water,  N.  Y., 
published  an  inside  history  of  the  decapitation.     He  says : 

"One  day,  while  sitting  in  the  counting-room  of  William  and 
Henry  Lincoln  on  Central  Wharf,  the  subject  of  the  Figure 
Head  came  up.  Capt.  Dewey  remarked  'I  have  a  great  mind 
to  go  over  and  cut  it  off.'  To  that  William  Lincoln  replied  in 
a  bantering  way;  'Dewey,  if  you  will,  I  will  give  you  $100.' 
'Done,'  said  Dewey,  'I  will  take  that.'  " 

It  was  done.  Mr.  Dickerson  took  the  Head  to  his  home  in 
New  Jersey,  where  it  remained  until  the  sale  of  his  effects  in 
June,  1854.  The  purchaser  of  his  library  claimed  the  Head 
because  it  was  placed  on  the  top  of  one  of  the  book-cases.  It 
is  nearly  fifty  years  since  the  writer  has  seen  the  Head.  Its 
present  location  is  unknown,  but  there  is  no  reason  to  think 
that  it  has  been  destroyed. 

^*  fc?*  i^^  ^?9 

NUMBER  OF  SOLDIERS  IN  THE  REVOLUTION^ 

BY  CORNELIUS  C.  VERMEULE^  EAST  ORANGE,  N.  J. 

The  estimate  of  the  number  of  soldiers  furnished  by  each 
Colony  in  the  Revolution,  which  appeared  in  the  April  Proceed- 
ings (p.  173),  has  been  quoted  from  time  to  time  for  many 
years,  but  can  be  proven  to  be  very  inaccurate.  Either  it  in- 
cludes reenlistments  or,  as  seems  more  probable,  it  was  an  at- 
tempt to  determine  the  whole  number  of  men  of  military  age. 
The  writer  has  given  this  matter  careful  consideration  and  has 
found  it  possible  to  arrive  at  a  much  more  accurate  conclu- 
sion, based  upon  known  facts  and  proportions. 

In  the  Congressional  Library  there  is  a  copy  of  a  report  by 
Henry  Knox,  Secretary  of  War,  which  includes  a  return,  bear- 
ing date  May  loth,  1780,  of  the  troops  in  service  in   1776. 


'See  also  comment  under  "Historical  Notes  and  Comments,"  post.- 
Editor. 


224  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

This  should  be  considered  a  high  authority  as  to  that  particular 
year.  General  Knox  was  of  Boston,  and  was  a  valued  officer 
of  the  Revolution,  who  took  part  in  the  fighting  in  New  Jersey 
and  in  other  Colonies.  The  return  is  of  especial  interest  to 
Jerseynien  as  it  covers  the  year  of  the  great  retreat  and  is  first 
hand  evidence  as  to  New  Jersey's  real  contribution  to  the  fight- 
ing forces  that  year.     It  is  as  follows : 

Men  in 
Continental  Militia 

Pay 

New  Hampshire 3.0I9 

Massachusetts    I3>372 4,000 

Rhode  Island   798 1,102 

Connecticut  6,390 5.737 

Delaware  609 145 

Maryland 637 2,592 

Virginia 6,181 

North  Carolina    1,134 

South  Carolina 2,069 

Georgia    351 

New   York    3,629 1,71 5 

Pennsylvania 5,5i9 4,876 

New  Jersey    3,193 5,893 


Grand  Totals    46,891 26,060 

This  shows  that  New  Jersey  contributed  9,086  men  out  of 
a  total  of  72,951  for  all  the  Colonies,  or  one-eighth,  although 
her  population  was  less  than  one-twentieth  of  the  whole. 

It  is  well  known  that  the  Province  had  a  considerable  Quaker 
population,  conscientiously  opposed  to  war,  and  the  census  of 
1745  shows  they  constituted  at  that  time  seventeen  percent  of 
the  whole,  and  during  the  Revolution  one-fourth  of  all  the 
churches  belonged  to  this  denomination.  Including  other  sects 
it  is  safe  to  estimate,  therefore,  that  at  least  twenty  per  cent, 
of  the  population  of  New  Jersey  consisted  of  people  conscien- 
tiously opposed  to  war.  Excluding  these,  the  men  under  arms, 
in  1776,  represented  forty-six  per  cent,  of  all  free  men  of 
military  age,  as  computed  later.  Furthermore,  nearly  two- 
thirds  of  these  men  were  paid  by  the  State  and  only  one-third 
by  the  Continental  Congress. 


Number  of  Soldiers  in  the  American  Rcvohction       225 

Stedinan,  of  General  Howe's  staff,  gives  the  following  as 
the  strength  of  Washington's  army  in  1776-7  :  August,  16,000; 
November,  4,500;  December,  3,300;  March,  4,500;  June,  8,000. 
Washington,  himself,  gives  his  total  in  March  as  not  exceeding 
4,000,  but  otherwise  Stedman's  figures,  so  far  as  we  have  the 
data,  agree  quite  closely  with  Washington's  own  return. 

When  our  army  was  at  its  lowest  ebb,  from  November  to 
March,  it  can  be  shown  that  from  one-third  to  one-half  were 
Jerseymen.  It  must  be  remembered  that  the  Jersey  Militia 
were  not  usually  included  in  Washington's  reports,  which  re- 
ferred to  the  Line  only.  The  Militia  came  out  in  force  in 
emergencies,  and  between  calls  many  of  them  returned  to  their 
homes,  so  the  number  in  the  field  constantly  changed.  General 
Knox's  return  shows  that  the  Jersey  line  and  Militia  largely 
outnumbered  Washington's  whole  army.  It  must  be  apparent 
that  the  other  twelve  Colonies  contributed  very  few  men  to  the 
war  in  New  Jersey  during  this  period,  at  most  not  more  than 
2,500  from  November  to  March. 

It  is  possible  to  calculate  quite  closely  the  number  of  men  of 
military  age  (sixteen  to  forty-five  years)  in  1780.  The  com- 
pendium of  the  census  for  1850,  gives  a  rather  full  review  of 
previous  enumerations  back  to  1790,  with  some  Colonial  sta- 
tistics, and  De  Bow's  estimate  of  2,803,000  population  in  1775. 
But  the  most  accurate  calculation  is  that  of  W.  S.  Rossiter, 
Chief  Clerk  of  the  Census  Bureau,  made  in  1909.  ("A  Century 
of  Population  Growth  in  the  United  States.  1790-1900;"  Bu- 
reau of  Census,  1909).  The  total  population  in  1780,  given  in  the 
table  below,  is  from  his  report.  The  number  of  slaves  at  that 
time  is  usually  estimated  at  500,000,  but  there  was  an  actual 
enumeration  in  1790,  and,  if  we  assume  that  the  slaves  in- 
creased in  the  same  proportion  as  the  other  population,  then  the 
number  in  each  Colony  in  1780  may  be  taken  to  be  seventy  per 
cent,  of  the  1790  figures,  on  which  basis  the  estimate  of  slaves, 
in  the  table,  is  made  up.  The  total  population  less  the  slaves 
gives  the  free  population  in  each  Colony,  and  the  Census  return 
for  1800  and  1810  show  that  the  men  of  military  age  averaged 
nineteen  per  cent,  of  the  total,  which  gives  us  for  this  item  the 
figures  in  the  fourth  column.  This  last  column  of  the  table 
gives  the  percentage  of  free  men  of  military  age  w^ho  were  in 
15 


226  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

service  in  1776,  according  to  General  Knox's  return.  There  is 
little  room  for  error  in  this  calculation,  which  is  certainly  as 
accurate  as  the  estimate  of  total  population,  made  by  a  com- 
petent statistician  who  consulted  the  best  authorities  as  to  each 
Colony : 

Total  Free  Men 

Population  Slaves  of  Mili-  Per  cent. 

Including  Estimated  tary  Age  in  Service 

Slaves  1780  1780  in  1776 

New   Hampshire    ..       84,500  no  16,034  18.9 

Massachusetts    362,500  . .  68,875  25.2 

Rhode  Island   52,000  672  9,753  19-I 

Connecticut 203,000  1,855  38,219  31.7 

New  York  240,000  14,840  42,780  12.5 

New  Jersey    137,000  7,994  24,511  37.0 

Pennsylvania    335,000  2,597  63,157  16.5 

Delaware   37,ooo  6,221  5,851  12.9 

Maryland    250,000  72,125  33,796  9.6 

Virginia    565,000  213,541  66,777  9-2 

North  Carolina  300,000  72,938  43,141  2.6 

South  Carolina   160,000  74,966  16,157  12.7 

Georgia   55,000  20,485  6,558  5.3 

Totals    2,781,000  488,344  435,609  16.8 


We  have  eliminated  the  slaves  because,  while  there  were  a 
few  notable  exceptions,  it  is  well  known  that  they  were  not 
much  depended  upon.  While  some  men  older  than  forty-five 
served,  the  number  was  unquestionably  small.  The  total  number 
of  free  men  of  military  age,  is  shown  by  the  table  to  be  435.609. 
The  Colonies  most  menaced  put  the  largest  percentages  of  their 
available  men  in  the  field.  In  1776,  when  the  menace  to  the 
New  England  Colonies  was  greatest,  they  had  from  18.9%  to 
31.7%  of  their  men  of  military  age  under  arms,  the  average 
for  all  New  England  being  26%.  New  York  and  Pennsylvania 
each  had  a  larger  quota  in  1777  and  1778  than  in  1776;  and 
the  same  was  true  of  New  Jersey,  although  her  percentage  in 
1776  was  very  high. 

War  Department  estimates  give  the  total  number  of  troops 
engaged  as  309,791,  which  include  reenlistments.  The  num- 
ber of  individuals  in  the  war  is  estimated  at  184.038,  which 
would  be  42%  of  the  men  of  military  age.  The  percentage 
was  probably  55  in  Connecticut  and  New  Jersey,  and  45  to  50 


r 


The  Condict  Revolutionary  Record  Abstracts        227 


in  the  rest  of  New  England  and  the  Middle  States.     In  the 
South  it  was  not  much  over  30. 

The  number  of  men  ascribed  to  certain  Colonies,   in  the 

estimate  quoted  in  the  April  Proceedings,  exceeds  their  whole 

number  of  men  of  military  age,  which  is  impossible.     We  must 

;        allow  for  the  conscientious  objectors,  Friends,  Mennonites  and 

others,  who  constituted  about  20%  of  the  population;  for  the 

Loyalists,  who  existed  in  all  Colonies,  probably  not  less  than 

:        10% ;  for  those  physically  unfit  and  those  living  in  inaccessible 

;        regions.     Also  many  were  needed  to  maintain  production  on 

1        the  farms  and  elsewhere,  so  that  the  names  of  many  men  of 

I        military  age  who  were  neither  Friends,  -Mennonites  nor  Loyal- 

I        ists  will  not  be  found  on  any  roster;  therefore  we  must  con- 

!        elude  that  the  estimate  of  184,038  men  is  large  enough. 


t^*  V^  <<5*  ta^ 

THE  CONDICT  REVOLUTIONARY  RECORD 
ABSTRACTS 

[Continued  from  Page  32] 

Record  of  Daniel  Swayze  (Continued) 

Ephraim  Games  (Apr.  21,  1836)  :  In  my  79th  year;  knew 
Swayze  from  boyhood  through  the  War  and  up  to  this  time; 
saw  him,  as  I  believe,  every  year  during  the  War.  I  was  in 
Cook's,  Cozad's,  Dod's  and  Day's  Cos.,  while  Swayze  was  in 
Luse's.  At  Elizabethtown  Point  built  forts  and  was  on  guard 
duty.  Knew  him  at  Hackensack,  at  Aquackanonk,  when  Bell 
was  killed;  near  the  bridge  at  Vermeule's  under  Winds  and 
Dickinson. 

Isaac  Bedell:  A  fifer.  Knew  Swayze  in  the  War.  He 
had  a  lump  on  the  corner  of  his  left  eye  (yet  visible).  Knew 
him  at  Vermeule's  in  Winter  of  1777.  ...  As  a  fifer  I 
volunteered  sentry  duty,  being  only  14  years  old,  in  Layton's 
Company.  James  Ennis,  my  neighbor,  was  sick,  and  I  vol- 
unteered in  his  place  on  sentry  duty  until  relieved  by  Swayze. 

Daniel  Szcayce  (in  original  declaration)  :  Was  born  Oct. 
18,   1756.     Belonged  to  Luse's  Company,  afterward   Colonel 


228  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  l 

Luse;  did  duty  under  Luse,  Horton,  Brown,  Budd,  Salmon.  i 

etc.     In   1776,  in   summer,  out  a  month's  tour  at  Elizabeth  1 

Town    point    building    forts — Capt.    Luse,    Col.    Drake,    Gen.  ] 

Heard.       In  August  or   September  dismissed.       Soon   after  | 

enlisted  as  minute  man  under  Capt.  Budd  for  3  months.     In  \ 

October  at  Elizabeth  Town,  duty  as  before.     Was  there  when  | 

Gen.  Washington  retreated  through  Jersey ;  followed  on  after  \ 

him;  was  dismissed  before  I  got  to  New  Brunswick,  and  re-  t 

turned  home  via  Pluckemin;  on  this  tour  2J/2  months.     In  a  i 

few  days  out  on  alarm — enemy  from  Staten  Island  to  Spring-  ] 

field  ;  Stark,  Capt.  and  Drake,  Colonel.     In  skirmish  with  Hes-  i 

sians  at  Springfield.     Out  3  weeks.     In  Jan.,  or  Feb.,  1777,  at  \ 

Vermeule's    near    Ouibbletown ;    large    force    commanded    by  \ 

Winds  and  Dickinson;  skirmishes  often;  took  a  wagon  load  I 

of  clothing  going  to  the  enemy.     Discharged  April ;  2^.4  months.  \ 

In   hay   season   Tour  under   Capt.    Stark   at   Elizabeth   Town  ■ 

Point,  and  at  Rahway  under  Cook  and  Stark ;  i  month.  In 
September  a  month  under  Horton ;  in  November  under  same 
near  Amboy  Sound. 

In  Spring  of  '78  a  month  at  E.  Point  under  Luse  and  Hor- 
ton ;  in  June  under  Winds  marching  toward  Monmouth ;  heard 
that  the  bridge  was  broken  up  and  so  returned  to  Rahway  and 
E.  Town  after  the  Battle.  Brown  commanded  ;  out  one  month. 
In  Sept,  and  Oct.  a  month  near  Hackensack  and  Aquackanonk, 
under  \\' inds ;  fight  near  the  bridge.  Jabez  Bell,  a  neighbor, 
was  accidently  shot  and  taken  home;  was  out  i^^  months; 
Frelinghuysen,  Stark.  Seeley,  Capt.  Norton.  In  '79  out  two 
Tours,  Spring  and  Summer,  under  Horton.  In  the  Fall  one 
month  at  Morristown  guarding  stores — Lieut.  Pierson.  In  'So 
one  month.  May  and  June,  at  E.  Town  and  Connecticut  Farms ; 
at  skirmish  at  Farms,  killing  of  Mrs.  Caldwell ;  at  Springfield 
Battle.  In  Sept.  and  Oct.  at  Elizabeth  Town  on  guard  duty, 
Capt.  Peter  Salmon,  i  month.  In  latter  part  of  War,  because 
of  an  alarm  in  consequence  of  Pennsylvania  revolt,  was  ordered 
to  march  under  Capt.  Salmon ;  went  as  far  as  Pluckemin ; 
staid  2  weeks.  Other  sendees  performed  amounting  in  all  to 
more  than  two  years. 


r 


The  Condict  Revolutionary  Record  Abstracts         229 

Record  of  John  Blowers 

John  Bloivers  (Record  stated,  though  witness  for  Capt. 
Samuel  Baldwin)  :  Was  86  years  old,  Sept.,  1836.  Belonged 
to  Kinney's  Horse ;  Kinney  at  first  of  War,  then  Arnold 
chosen  Captain,  on  K's  resignation.  But  first  Tour  not  in 
horse;  in  Capt.  James  Jacobus's  Co — infantry,  probably  in  Fall, 
before  Long  Island  Battle.  Company  being  called  together  to 
draft  men,  stepped  forward  declaring  I  would  not  be  drafted 
but  would  volunteer,  and  was  immediately  followed  by  Samuel 
Farrand,  John  Esler,  Philip  Price  and  as  many  more  as  re- 
quired. Jacobus  commanded.  Marched  through  Newark  to 
New  York  City ;  quartered  there  6  weeks  making  breast-works 
to  defend  against  expected  invasion  ;  then  marched  back  through 
Newark  to  Amboy ;  was  6  weeks  longer  on  guard  duty ;  dis- 
charged. Finding  militia  duties  likely  to  be  frequent,  joined 
Arnold's  Horse.  Stephen  Baldwin  was  trooper  there  and  did 
duty  as  Sergeant — an  active  and  good  soldier.  The  Co.  was 
divided  into  2,  4,  5,  8,  10,  etc.,  as  circumstances  required ;  often 
used  as  videttes  to  watch  movements  and  carry  orders  and 
tidings  of  enemy.  Each  man  found  his  own  horse  and  equip- 
ments. Lay  at  Morristown  when  Lee  was  taken  prisoner.. 
Had  my  horse  stolen  from  me  at  Parsippany;  recovered  him.. 
Served  with  Baldwin  at  Millstone,  Second  River,  Raritan 
River,  Springfield,  Connecticut  Farms,  Elizabeth  Town,  New- 
ark, Aquackanonk.     Baldwin  left  the  Horse  in  '"/j  or  '78. 

In  '76-'77,  Winter,  when  Winds  lay  at  Vermeule's,  was  sta- 
tioned on  the  Raritan  of  one  Ten  Eyck  near  the  bridge.  Did 
duty  at  Princeton  and  Trenton,  carrying  orders  and  exi)resses 
into  Sussex.  At  Paramus  had  like  to  have  been  taken  prisoner 
near  a  British  fort,  neighborhood  of  Flackensack. 

Memoranda  as  to  Theodore  Sanders 

Was  a  pensioner  under  Act  of  1818;  died  May  15,  1827;- 
married  to  Mary  Rose  Oct.  10,  1782,  by  Justice  Babbet  of 
Mendham,  now  deceased.  Dr.  Upson,  Joel  Homans,  Nehem- 
iah  Day,  Ephraim  Carnes.  Ziba  Norris  can  testify  to  marriage. 
Children  :  Eunice,  Mary.  Aaron,  William,  Phoebe,  Margaret, 
Elizabeth,  Absalom ;  all  living  except  Aaron,  Phoebe  and  Ab-- 


230           Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society  1 

] 

salom.     Sanders  died  at  house  of  Hiram  W.  Cummings.     Mrs.  I 

Sanders  had   lived  there  ever   since  and  has   since  married.  \ 

Ziba  Norris  knew  Sanders  well  in  6  months'  service  at  Hacken-  1 

sack  and  along  the  North  River,  when  Thomas  Dickinson  was  | 

Captain,  Seth  Raymond  Lieutenant  and  Samuel  Minton  Ensign.  i 


Memorandum  as  to  Victor  Killan 

Had  deposited  in  General  Land  Office  a  warrant  in  his  favor, 
11,368,  granted  to  him  as  late  private  in  Roswell's  Co.,  15  Regt. 
of  Infantry,  being  for  160  acres  in  Territory  of  Illinois.  Given 
at  Washington  Nov.  14,  1817. 

Record  of  Samuel  Allen 

Nancy  Allen :     Former  name  Anderson,  widow  of  Samuel 

Allen.     He  was  a  soldier  under  Capt.  Silas  Howell  in  Col.  j 

Wind's  Regiment;  enlisted  for  one  year  and  served  two  years  i 

before  discharged.     Served  on  Northern  Tour  near  Quebec;  I 

afterward  in  militia  under  officers,  names  unknown,  at  Esopus  | 

and  elsewhere.     Lived  in  Bernards  twsp.,  Somerset  Co. ;  mar-  1 

ried  March  17  by  David  Thompson,  Esq.,  of  Mcndham,  in  year  j 

of  revolt  of  Pennsylvania  Line   (1780).     Had   11   children,  9  ! 

living,  if   one  in  Ohio  is   living.     She  born  in  Morristown;  i 

when  one  year  old  parents  moved  to  Bernards.  \ 

[Corroborated  by  Mary,  widow  of  Timothy  Sanders,  Wil-  1 

Ham  Cummings,  who  boarded  with  them,  and  Malachi  Mc  Col-  \ 

lum,  who  was  a  teamster  under  Henry  Southard].  S 

Record  of  Capt.  Thomas  Hill  | 

Job  Love:     Of  Mendham;  knew  Capt.  Hill,  of  Sussex  Co.;  I 

both  were  on  Tour  at  Elizabeth  Town  Point  in  cloth  tents  in  ; 

1776  under  Capt.  Pierson  and  Col.  Ford.  Hill  commanded  a 
Sussex  Company;  was  struck  with  his  good  conduct  and  de-  ; 

portment  as  a  Captain.  Saw  him  particularly  at  Springfield 
Battle;  was  at  Vermeule's  Winter  of  i/yO-'yy  under  Gen. 
Winds  and  Capt.  Cozad,  and  believes  Hill  was  there;  remem- 
bers him  when  the  enemy  came  out  of  a  piece  of  corn  near 
Quibbletown  and  skirmish  was  had  under  Winds  about  a  mile 
from  Quibbletown.     Some  2  years  afterward  was  stationed  at 


The  Condici  Revolutionary  Record  Abstracts        231 

E.  Town  at  Price's  barn ;  saw  Hill  at  head  of  his  company  for 
2  months ;  believes  he  continued  as  Captain  throughout  the 
War ;  saw  him  last  time  previous  to  surrender  at  Yorktown. 

Isaac  Bedell:     Remembers  Capt.  Hill  on  duty  at  Fort  Cham- 

I  bers  in  Sussex  Co. ;  witness  then  lived  in  Sussex  with   his 

1  uncle   and    was    17   years    old;    this    was    in    October,    1780. 

*  Aaron  Robinson,  Henry  Westbrook,  Peter  Smith  and  Henry 
Bunn  (all  now  dead)  were  with  me  at  Fort  Chambers.     Hill 

\  was   Captain,    Rosenkrantz    Colonel   and    Samuel   Westbrook 

I  Major.     Some  in  Company  with  him  were  Caleb  Kimble  and 

i  David  Shay.     Believe  he  was  in  fight  with  Indians,  and  in 

i  August,  1779,  was  at  Shcholi  ( ?)  under  Major  Samuel  Meeker 

(  of  Sussex  and  Col.  John  Seward.    Daniel  Talmage,  of  Pennsyl- 

\  vania,  was  killed  in  the  Battle,  and  Bedell  shot  in  the  thigh. 

1  Saw  him  in  cloth  tents  at  Elizabeth  Town  in  1776.     Wilson 

I  Johnson  was  Hill's  Lieutenant  on  Indian  expedition  and  Wil- 

I  helmus  Westbrook  Ensign. 

I  Charily  Hill  (widow  of  Capt.  Thomas)  :     Is  daughter  of 

j        John  Jeroloman ;  was  born  in  Bergen  Co ;  where  Paterson  now 

I        is;    age  82  in  February    (1836).       Father  moved  to  Sussex 

1        when  witness  was  12,  settling  at  Sparta ;  was  married  there 

i         to  Thomas  Hill,  who  had  lived  there  3  or  4  years  prior,  by 

i        Rev.  Mr.  Cox,  Baptist  minister  at  Peppercotten  Dec.  20,  1773. 

i        Husband   died   Aug.   18,   1814.     His   first  service  was  along 

frontiers  of  Delaware,  in  Indian  warfare;  never  went  on  duty 

except  as  Captain,  and  was  engaged  from  beginning  to  end  of 

War  every  year.     He  owned  a  mill  and  tannery  in  Sussex, 

which  she  attended  during  his  absence,  which  was  usually  a 

month  or  six  weeks  on  alarms.     (Names  many  places  he  was 

at).     Her  brother,  John  Jeroloman,  drove  the  baggage  wagon 

for  the  Company.     (Bible  shows  Thomas  Hill  was  born  May 

31,  1747;  son  of  John  and  Margaret  Hill,       In  all  2iy^  mos^ 

service  proved). 

Record  of  Joseph  Sutton 

Martha  Sutton :     Widow  of  Joseph,  who  belonged  to  Capt. 
McCoy's  Somerset  Company,  was  married  March,  1773.    He. 


232  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

was  out,  more  or  less,  every  year  in  the  War;  thinks  he 
was  Corporal.  Was  in  Monmouth  Battle  and  Mud  Rounds 
march. 

Isaac  Bedell:     Saw  Sutton  serving  November,  1776,  at  Eliz-  ■ 

abeth  Town  in  McCoy's  Company;  at  Vermeule's  in  Winter 
following.  Again  in  1777  and  '7^,;  always  called  "Sergeant 
Sutton."       Before   his   marriage   Sutton    lived   near   Basking  ' 

Ridge.     (Corroborated  by  John  Johnson).  - 

Record  of  Capt.  Nathan  Luse 

Damaris  Luse:     Widow   of   Capt.   Luse;  80  years   old   in  '■ 
April  (1836?).     He  was  Ensign  before  the  War;  was  chosen 

Captain  in  1775  and  enlisted  for  5  months  service.     Officers,  i 

she  thinks,  William  Corwin,  Lieut.  Hayes  and  Ensign  King.  \ 

Swerved  in  Long  Island  Batrle.     In  1776  spent  5  months  in  New  ; 

York  and  Long  Island.     Was  out  afterward  in  monthly  tours  I 

till  War  closed.     We  were  married  before  the  War  by  Judge  ^ 

Woodhull.     Commission  often  seen  but  destroyed.     He  was  ^ 

afterward  appointed  Colonel.     He  was  7  years  older  than  she.  | 

Her  father  was  David  Brown.     [D.  Ammerman,  Ab.  Eairchild  i 

•and  John  Johnson  corroborated].  \ 

[To  he  Continued]  | 

^     ^     ^^     ^  j 

THE  OLD   SHIPPEN   MANOR  AT  OXFORD  \ 

FURNACE,  N.  J.  1 

BY  DR.  GEORGE  S.  BANGERT,  EAST  ORAXGE.  N.  J. 

This  house  (shown  in  the  frontispiece  in  this  number)   was  1 

l)uilt  by  Dr.  William  Shippen,  Sr.,^  a  member  of  the  Continen-  | 

tal  Congress.  He  was  a  grandson  of  Edward  Shippen,  the  first  I 

Mayor  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.     Dr.  Shippen  purchased  the  land  j 

(10,000    acres)     from   Jonathan    Robeson,    (immigrant    from  j 

England  and  ancestor  of  Hon.  George  M.  Robeson.  Secretary  j 

of  the  Navy  under  President  Grant),  who  had  already  built  ! 

^rl^i    genealogy  of  tlie  Shippen  Family,  see  PROcrF.niNGS,  New  Series 
Vol.  1,  No.  I  (1916),  p.  30;   also  "N.  J.  Law  Journal."  Vol.  44.  p.  293 


The  Old  Sliippen  Manor  at  Oxford  Furnace,  N.  J.     233 

the  blast  furnace  in  1742.  The  date  of  the  first  transfer  to 
Dr.  Shii)pen  was  in  1749,  so  the  old  house  was  probably  built 
about  1750. 

The  son  of  Dr.  William  Shippen,  St.,  was  Joseph  William 
Shippen,  who  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  estate  by  his  father 
for  over  thirty  years.  This  Joseph  William  Shippen  was  a 
brother  of  Dr.  William  Shippen,  Jr.,  v.'ho  was  Surgeon  Gen- 
eral of  the  American  Army  during  the  Revolution.  He  was 
also  a  first  cousin  once  removed  of  Peggy  Shippen,  who  mar- 
ried Major  General  Benedict  Arnold  of  the  American  Army. 
He  was  likewise  a  Paymaster  in  the  Army  Hospital  during  the 
Revolution.    He  died  Sept.  13,  1795. 

Joseph  William  Shippen  occupied  the  old  Manor  for  thirty 
years  with  his  family.  Every  fall  friends  would  visit  him  from 
New  York  and  Philadelphia  and  a  grand  hunt  with  the  hounds 
would  take  place.  All  during  the  winter  the  old  stone  house 
would  echo  with  the  sounds  of  revelry,  as  the  guests  warmed 
under  the  stimulating  effect  of  the  well-fiHed  wine  cellars. 

It  has  been  said  that  most  of  the  cannon  balls  in  the  Revolu- 
tion were  made  here,  it  being  one  of  the  most  important  factors 
of  the  War.  The  British  were  unable  to  capture  it,  although 
several  expeditions  were  sent  into  West  New  Jersey  for  that 
purpose.  The  Government  had  charge  of  the  furnaces  until 
the  close  of  the  War.  Some  of  these  cannon  balls  are  now 
at  Washington's  Headquarters,  Morristown,  and  at  Indepen- 
dence Hall,  Philadelphia. 

Tradition  has  it  that  General  Benedict  Arnold  was  enter- 
tained over  night  at  the  house. 

Of  the  Colonial  mansions  left  by  time  there  are  few  that  sur- 
pass in  interest,  preservation  and  location  the  old  Shippen 
Manor  at  Oxford  Furnace  among  the  hills  of  Warren  county, 
N.  J.  It  is  one  of  the  oldest  habitable  house  in  Northern  New 
Jersey,  being  about  172  years  old,  and  rich  in  historical  associ- 
ations. 

Dr.  Shippen  chose  for  his  country  estate  a  sheltered  spot  on 
a  green  hillside.  He  built  better  than  he  knew,  for  the  oaken 
beams  of  the  mansion  and  the  massive  walls  of  stone  are  as 
solid  to-day  as  in  1750,  when  the  erection  of  such  a  structure 


234  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  1 

meant  many  days  of  toil  with  axe,  saw  and  hammer.  Even  j 
the  nails  had  to  be  hammered  out  on  an  anvil.  Many  of  these  i 
hand-wrought  nails  are  in  evidence  in  the  house  to-day.  \ 

Situated  on  the  old  stage  coach  road  from  Scranton  to  New  .* 
York,  which  is  intersected  at  this  point  by  the  highway  leading  \ 
from  Washington,  N.  J.,  to  Belvidere,  the  house  had  such  a  | 
commanding  position  that  it  acquired  the  name  of  "The  Castle."         \ 

At  the  time  the  house  was  built.  New  Jersey  being  a  slave  \ 
State,  the  Shippens  were  slave  owners  and  near  the  old  mansion  i 
still  stands  a  slave  cabin,  also  of  stone,  and,  although  it  has  '. 
since  been  put  to  many  ignoble  uses,  it  bears  traces  of  having  | 

been  the  abode  of  favored  house  servants.     On  the  hillside  a         | 
piece  of  land  was  set  apart  for  a  slave  burial  ground.  \ 

The  stone  walls  of  the  manor  are  about  three   feet  thick.  \ 

It  has  four  large  chimneys  that  start  from  the  cellar  and  rear  \ 

themselves  far  above  the  sloping  roof,  resembling  huge  towers  '• 

built  within  the  house.     The  fireplaces,  seven  in  number,  are  j 

large  openings  in  the  chimney  walls  and  are  lined  with  iron  \ 

plates.     The  back  plates  are  ornamented  with  the  British  coat-  \ 

of-arms.     Some  of  these  fireplaces  have  been  walled  up.  \ 

The  rear  of  the  house  is  on  a  lower  level  than  the  front,  as  | 

the  house  stands  on  the  side  of  a  hill.     There  are  two  front  s 

entrances,  both  having  picturesque  porches.     At  the  rear  is  | 

a  porch  running  across  the  house  and  which  seems  from  the  ; 

back  view  to  be  on  the  second  floor.     This  floor  has  seven  large  | 

rooms,  and  the  floor  above  has  five  rooms.  The  large  base- 
ment is  not  now  used  except  as  a  store  room  and  cellar,  but 
formerly  the  kitchen  was  in  the  basement,  where  also  was  a 
large  fireplace.  There  is  also  a  Dutch  oven.  From  the  con- 
struction of  the  house  there  is  much  space  unaccounted  for,  and 
so  possibly,  if  fully  opened  up,  it  might  reveal  some  hidden  pas- 
sage or  room. 

The  house  has  a  beautiful  setting  of  old  trees  and  the  spac- 
ious lawn  is  like  a  velvet  carpet.  Magnificent  elms,  stately 
pines  and  a  giant  sycamore,  in  which  the  birds  love  to  hold 
their  musical  entertainments,  guard  the  house  like  sentinels. 
Ancient  boxwood,  which  in  its  younger  days  encircled  old 
fashioned  flower  beds,  wisteria,  sweetbriar,  lilacs  and  syringa 


Notes  on  the  Aten  (Aiitcn)  Family  235 

form  a  perfect  tangle  of  shrubbery,  not  often  seen  in  these  days 
of  landscape  gardening.  To  lovers  of  old  roof  trees  and  to 
antiquarians,  this  house  would  prove  an  interesting  study. 

Among  the  early  owners  of  the  house  and  of  Oxford  Furn- 
ace were  (after  Dr.  Shippen  and  members  of  his  family), 
Morris  Robeson  (i 809-1823),  son  of  Jonathan,  the  founder; 
his  widow  (1823- 1849),  ^^^  Col.  Charles  Scranton,  with 
associates.  Judge  William  P.  Robeson,  father  of  Hon.  George 
M.  Robeson,  Secretary  of  the  Navy  under  President  Grant, 
with  Capt.  John  Maxwell  of  Revolutionary  fame,  were  lessees 
from  1823  for  a  number  of  years,  and  Secretary  Robeson  is  said 
to  have  been  born  in  the  old  manor  house. 

v^  v^  ^*  V* 

NOTES  ON  THE  ATEN  (AUTEN)   FAMILY 

BY   THE   EDITOR 

Fkom  New  Jersey  to  the  far  West  and  Southwest  are  various 

families  bearing  the  name  of  Aten  and  Auten,  all  descending 

(         from  Adriaen  Hendrickse  Aten,  who  came  to  New  Amsterdam 

j         from   (sup.)   Doesburg,  Holland,  about   1651.     Some  twenty- 

j         five  years  ago  a  Mr.  Henry  J.  Aten,  of  Hiawatha,  Kans.,  a 

I         veteran  of  the  Civil  War,  began  a  long  search  of  members  of 

I         the  general   family  in  this  country,  and  in  the  course  of   it 

I         investigated  records  in  New  York,  on  Long  Island,  etc.     A 

j         very  large  collection  of  his  letters  to  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  John  B. 

;         Thompson,  of  Readington,  N.  J.,  concerning  the  New  Jersey 

!         Atens  are  now  in  possession  of  Rutgers  College  Library,  but 

I         unfortunately,  not  the  replies.     The  family  work  he  intended 

to  publish  was  not  published  owing  to  his  death.     His  MSS. 

fell  into  the  hands  of  his  widow,  but  recent  correspondence  has 

failed  to  show  her  present  whereabouts.     The  Editor  of  the 

Proceedings  having  also  made  an  independent  investigation 

into  the   family,  by  request  of  certain  Western   members  an 

outline  of  the  "family  tree"  is  herewith  given.     A  very  large 

number  of   facts  and  dates  not  here  presented   for  want  of 

spaces  are,  nevertheless,  in  the  writer's  possession  concerning 

the  families  in  New  Jersey. 


^^^kJ^^^^ 


The  loss  of  the  early  Flatbush  records  is  undoubtedly  the 
reason  why  we  cannot  find  dates  of  baptisms  of  any  of  the 
children  of  Adriaen  by  his  first  marriage,  but  we  know  them 
to  have  been  (order,  however,  not  certain)  : 


236  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Dr.  Thompson  came  to  the  conclusion  that  "the  family  was 

originally   Scotch,  but   many   of   its   members   fled   from  per-  | 

secution  on  account  of  their  religion,  first  to  France  and  then  to  ] 

the  Netherlands."     This  remains  to  be  proven.     The  Aytoun,  ^ 

de  Aten,  Ayton,  etc.,  families  of  Scotland  produced  many  dis-  j 

tinguished  men  from  the  Barons  de  Aeton  (1307)  to  a  quite  | 

recent  member  of  Parliament,  but  there  is  no  known  way  of  j 

connecting  the  earlier  Aytons,  etc.,  with  the  Dutch  family.  | 

Adkiaen  Hendrickse  Aten,  was,  of  course,  the  son  of  a  I 

Hendrick,  who,  however,  so  far  as  known,  did  not  come  to  j 

America.     He  located  at   Flatbush.  and  in    1C65  was  chosen  | 

constable.     Various  land  transfers  to  and  by  him  are  on  the  j 

Long   Island   records,  and  his  name  is  on  the   Flatbush   rate  | 

sheets  in  1675,  1676,  16S3  and  1698.     In  1687  he  and  his  sons  ] 

Hendrick  and   Thomas   took  the   required   oath   of   allegiance  I 

to  the  King  of  Great  Britain.     ("Doc.  Hist,  of  N.  Y.,"  Vol  I, 

pp.  429,  430).     He  died  about  April,  1700.     When  or  where  he  ] 

first  married  and  to  whom  is  unknown,  but  in  1677,  or  earlier,  i 

he  married,  second,  Elizabeth  (Thomas)  Lubbertse,  widow  of  \ 

Gysbert   Lubbertse,   as  both   "Adriaen   Hendrickse  and   wife  \ 

L\'sbeth"  were  then  entered  as  members  of  the  Church  at  Mid-  I 

...  I 

wout  (Flatbush).     He  and  Elizabeth  made  a  joint  will  Mar.  < 

20,  1696,  which  was  recorded  May  9,  1700,  at  Flatbush  (Flat-  \ 

bush  Records,  Liber  A,  p.  224).     Adriaen's  will  only  names  1 

his  daughter  "Marrittee"  and  stepson  "Lubbert  Gysbertsen,"  j 

so  his  other  children  must  have  been  provided  for  in  his  life  | 

time.     The  following  is  an  exact  reproduction  of  Adriaen's  I 

signature,  taken  from  a  deed  made  by  him  in  the  year  1680: 


Notes  on  the  Atcn  (Auten)  Family  237 

Children  of  Adrian  Hendrickse  Aten 

1.  Hendrick  Aten  ;  m.  Maria  De  Mott  (dau.  of  Michael  De 
Mott  and  Annetje  Westbrook,  of  Kingston,  N.  Y.),  who  was 
bapt.  at  Kingston,  Dec.  22,  1678.  As  Hendrick  took  the  oath 
of  allegiance  in  16S7,  it  is  evident  she  was  much  his  junior. 
No  date  of  the  marriage  is  found,  but  it  was  probably  not  later 
than  1694.  On  May  22,  1698,  there  is  a  record  at  Flatbush 
that  "Hendrick  Aten  and  Antie  Aten"  were  witnesses  to  a 
baptism,  this  Antie  being  probably  his  sister,  or  a  niece.  On 
Oct.  7,  1707,  "Hendrick  Aten  and  Pietertie  i\ten"  were  wit- 
nesses to  a  baptism,  she  being  certainly  a  sister.  Hendrick 
resided  at  Foster's  Meadow,  near  Jamaica,  L.  I.,  where  he 
owned  much  land,  as  various  records  there  show.  He  died 
there  July  19,  1750,  as  we  know  from  an  ancient  Bible  record. 
so  that  he  probably  lived  to  be  about  90  years  of  age.  He 
made  his  will  Feb.  10,  1749,  probated  Feb.  4,  1751.  In  it  he 
names  his  wife,  Mary,  and  children:  Aderayon  (Adriaen), 
Powel  (Paul),  Elizabeth  Rainer  and  Mary  Alburtis,  and  "sons- 
in-law  Anthony  De  Mott"  (a  slip  for  brother-in-law),  "John 
Alburtis  and  Aaron  Place." 

2.  PiETERjE  Aten,  who  m.  at  Flatbush,  Apr.  25,  1689,  Chris- 
tian Snedeker;  he  died  171 5. 

3.  Annetje  Aten,  who  m.  Thomas  Skillman.  of  Newtown, 
L.  I.;  he  d.  1740.  (For  him  and  their  ch.,  see  "N.  Y.  Gen.  & 
Biog.  Record,  "Vol.  37,  pp.  25,  26.  He  was  the  son  of  Capt. 
Thomas  Skillman  and  Sara  (Scofield)  Pettit,  who  were  m.  in 
1669.) 

4.  Thomas  Aten,  a  weaver,  who  m.  Elsje  Skillman,  sister 
of  Thomas  Skillman,  supra.  He  at  first  was  at  Newtown,  L.  I., 
but  on  Apr.  26,  1709,  with  his  brother  John  (5),  purchased  of 
Thomas  Purcell  400  acres  of  land  in  Piscataway  township, 
Middlesex  county,  near  New  Brunswick.  Their  children, 
mostly  baptized  in  New  York  or  Brooklyn,  were :  Adriaen, 
Thomas,  Jr.,  Jan,  Jannetje,  and  perhaps  others.  Thomas,  Jr. 
(wife  Sytie,  or  Hilletjc)  had  ch.  bapt.  at  Raritan,  N.  J.  (Somer- 
villc),  Powel,  Helena,  Powel  (2nd),  Dirck,  Thomas,  Feyte, 
Yacn  and  Aaron,  between  1732  and  1761.     Jan,  who  m.  Eliz- 


238  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

abeth  Sutphen,  had  ch.  bapt.  at  Somerville  and  at  Readington, 

N.  J.,  between  1730  and  1746,  Koosie,  Antje,  Jacob,  Jan,  Elsje,  I 

Thomas,  Lisabct  and  Maria.    Powell  (2nd),  if  same  above,  had  i 

wife  Maria,  and  had  ch.  bapt.  at  Raritan,  between  1762  and  i 

1775.  Thomas,  Voelkert,  Jaen,  Myra  and  Roelf.     Of  Adriaen  1 

we  know  nothing.  I 

5.  Jan  Aten,  who  m.  Elizabeth  Skillman,  another  sister  of  I 
Thomas  Skillman.  He  and  his  brother  Thomas  Aten,  and  i 
their  wives,  were  charter  members  of  "The  River  and  Law-  I 
rence  Brook  Dutch  Church,"  at  Three-Mile-Run,  near  New  ] 
Brunswick,  in  1717.  He  lived  on  230  acres  in  Franklin  town-  \ 
ship,  Somerset  county,  in  1735,  and  died  in  1744,  when  his  will  ] 
was  probated  (Trenton  Wills,  Book  D,  p.  136).  His  chil-  \ 
dren  named  in  will  were :  John,  Jr.,  Thomas,  and  Elizabeth  \ 
(Smith).  A  child,  Martha,  was  also  bapt.  at  Jamaica,  L.  I.,  in  \ 
1705.  Of  Thomas  we  know  nothing,  but  John,  Jr.,  with  wife  > 
Jannetje  (Nevius?)  had  ch.  bapt  at  Raritan  and  New  Brans-  | 
wick,  between  1735  and  1742,  viz.,  Jan,  Catlyne,  Roleph,  and  1 
Thomas.  j 

6.  Child,  who  died  1688,  name  unknown;  father  paid  "for  j 
use  of  shroud."  j 

7.  Helena  Aten  (supposed),  as  she  was  witness  to  a  bapt-  j 
jsm  at  Jamaica,  June  2y,  1704.  I 

By  his  second  marriage,  with  Elizabeth  Lubbertse,  Adriaen  ] 

Hendrickse  Aten  had  :  I 

8.  Maritee  Aten,  bapt.  Mar.  31,  1678,  at  Flatbush;  m.,  | 
before  1707,  Johannes  De  Mott  (sister  to  Maria  De  Mott,  wife  j 
of  Hendrick,  i)  who  d.  1715.     They  had  5  ch.  bapt.  at  Jamaica.  | 

9.  Paulus  Aten,  bapt.  Nov.  14,  1680,  at  Flatbush;  probably  | 
d.  1684  or  1689,  as  father  then  paid  "for  use  of  a  shroud."  | 

10.  Another  (sup.)  who  d.  in  1684  or  1689,  when  father  ' 
paid  "for  use  of  a  shroud." 

(So  far  as  we  know  there  are  in  New  Jersey,  now,  no  male  | 
descendants  of  any  of  the  sons  of  Adriaen  Hendrickse  Aten.  ex- 
cept of  Hendrick,  with,  possibly,  the  exception  of  the  Auten 
families  of  Somerset  county.  The  latter  descend  from  an 
Aaron  Auten,  who  resided  at  Somerville,  N.  J.,  and  had  vari- 
ous children,  many  of  whom  were  prominent  in  Somerset  coun- 


Notes  on  the  Alten  {Auten)  Family  239 

ty  a  half  century  ago,  and  some  representatives  are  still  in  that 
general  locality.  This  Aaron  was  b.  about  1740  and  died  in 
1784.  His  parentage  has  long  been  an  enigma  to  the  writer. 
He  may  have  been  a  descendant  of  Jan  (5),  or  Thomas  (4), 
but  this  has  not  been  ascertained.  Aaron's  ch.  were  John, 
Aaron,  Thomas,  James,  Abraham,  Isaac,  Peter  and  Anna, 
most  of  whose  descendants  are  traceable.) 

CHILDREN   OF   IIENDRICK  ATEN    (l)    AND   MARIA  DE   MOTT 

(Order  not  certain) 
I.  Adrian  Aten,  of  near  Readington,  N.  J.  b.  probably  about 
1696;  d.  Dec.  10,  1757;  m.,  about  1718,  Jacobje  Middagh  (dau. 
of  Dirck  Middagh  and  Cathelyne  Van  Neste),  who  was  b.  Oct. 
24.  1693,  and  d.  in  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  May  16,  1782.  (This 
Adrian  has  been  usually  considered  as  the  son  of  Thomas  Aten 
(5,  above),  and  so  published,  e.  g.,  in  the  "N.  Y.  Gen.  &  Biog. 
Rec,"  Vol.  37,  p.  26,  but  an  old  Bible  record  discovered  in 
Western  Pennsylvania  proves  Hendrick  Aten  and  Maria  (De 
Mott)  Aten  to  have  been  his  parents).  Jacobje,  Adrian's  wife, 
was  a  remarkably  saintly  woman,  always  known  as  "The  Pious 
Jacobje."  Adrian  settled  near  Readington  (toward  Center- 
ville),  about  1735.  On  May  31,  1744,  he  purchased  300  acres 
of  land  in  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  in  Mt.  Bethel  twsp.,  probably 
for  his  eldest  son  Dirck,  who  soon  after  removed  there.  Ad- 
rian's will  of  Dec.  8,  1757,  probat.  Feb.  28,  1758  (Trenton  Wills, 
Book  8,  p.  566),  refers  to  his  eight  then  living  children.  In  all 
he  had  ten  children,  viz.:  (i)  Antje,  b.,  1719,  who  m.,  first, 
Nicholas  Schamp,  and  second  John  Sutphen.  (2)  Dirck,  k. 
Aug.  22,  1721  ;  m.,  first,  Dec,  1745,  Judith  Van  Fleet;  second, 
August.,  1749,  Adaranche  Langstraat;  third,  Catherine  Warner. 
He  was  farmer,  blacksmith  and  ferry  master  at  "Aten's  Ferry," 
crossing  the  Delaware,  in  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  and  is  said  to 
have  had  13  children.  (3).  Hendrick,  b.  Sept.  3,  1723;  m. 
Mary — and  also  resided  in  Mt.  Bethel  twsp.,  Northampton  co., 
Pa.  Probably  d.  before  Nov.  13.  1778.  He  had  ch.,  Hendrick, 
Thomas,  George,  John,  Sarah,  and  perhaps  others,  who  general- 
ly settled  in  Western  Pennsylvania.  The  descendants  of  this 
Hendrick    (b.    1723)    and   Mary,  includes  the   late  Henry  F. 


240  Proceedings  Nczv  Jersey  Historical  Society  | 

1 

i 

Auten,  of  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  a  prominent  lawyer.     His  descent  j 

is  from  this  Hendrick  to  son  John,  his  son  Henry,  and  then  | 

Henry,  the  lawyer.     The  latter  has  a  sister,  Mrs.  E.  J.  Corkin.  ; 

who  resides  at  Loyalton.  S.  Dakota.     A  Thomas  Aten  of  near  1 

Clinton.  Allegheny  co.,  Pa.,  traces  his  descent  from  the  same  | 

Hendrick  (b.  1723),  through  a  son  Thomas,  (b.  1760;  d.  1855)  i 

of  Northumberland  co.,  and,  later,  Allegheny  co.,  Pa.,  grand-  j 

father  of  the  Thomas  of  Clinton.    (4).  Cathalyntje,  b.  Jan.  27.  \ 

1726,  who  d.  in  infancy.  (5).  Martyje.  b.  Jan.  15,  1728,  who  m., 
Aug.  24,  1748,  William  Van  Fleet.  (6).  Cathalyntje  (second), 
b.  July  29,  1730,  said  to  have  m,  an  Insley.  (7).  Jan.  b.  Dec. 
22,  1732;  m.  Elizabeth  (Boydyn?).  (8).  Gerardus,  (twin  with 
Jan)  ;  m.,  1756,  Dinah  Johnson  and  resided  in  Harmony  twsp., 
Sussex  (now  Warren)  co.,  N.  J.  (g).  Judith  b.  July  9,  1735; 
d.  July  22,  1819;  m.,  Apr.  6,  1770,  Joseph  Morehead,  grand- 
father of  the  late  Judge  Joseph  P.  Thompson,  of  Readington, 
N.  J.  (See  Snell's  "Hunt,  and  Som.  Co.,"  pp.  >.i90,  491).  (10) 
Adrian,  b.  Nov.  7,  1737;  m.  Elizabeth  Stryker.-  He  went  to 
Northampton  co.,  Pa.  about  1764  and  was  living  in  iSoi,  after 
which  no  further  record  of  him.  ; 

2.  Pow^ELL  (Paul)  Aten,  b.  about  1700 ;  d.  about  May,  1782 : 

m.  Maria  Van  Neste,  dau.  of  Pieter  Van  Neste  of  Brooklyn.  j 

His  will  of  1782  (if  the  same  Paul)  names  his  son  George  and  5 

daughters  Anna  and  Mary.  -  i 

3.  Elizabeth  Aten,  bapt.  at  Jamaica,  1713  ;  m. Rainer.  ! 

4.  Marie  Aten,  bapt.  at  Jamaica,  1715,  m.  John  Alburtis.  ] 
(Undoubtedly  there  were  others  whose  names  have  not  come  | 

to  light).  j 

Note. — A  Hendrick  Hendrickzen,  from  Doesburg,  Holland,  who  may  \ 

or  may  not  have  been  a  brother  to  Adriaen   Hcndrickse  Aten,  was  m.,  j 

June  12,  1655,  in  the  New  Amsterdam  Dutch  ch.,  and  had  children,  Hend-  ] 

rick,  Johannes  and  Grietje.     The  two  sons  became  the  ancestors  of  the  i 

Dusenbury  families  (corrupted  name  of  Doesburg).  | 

An    Adrian    Hendrickse,    from   Berckeloo    (now    Borcalow),    Holland.  •, 

who  arrived  in  New  Amsterdam,  May  24,  1662,  in  the  ship  "Faith,"  with  \ 

wife  Grietje  Warnarts  and  two  children,  !ias  been  mistaken  for  Adriaen  \ 

Hendrikse  Aten,  but   his  male  descendants   took  the  name  of    Sip    (or  j 

Sipp).  \ 

We  are  greatly  indebted  to  Mr.  John  Neafie,  genealogist,  of  New  York  \ 

City,  for  many  dates  and  facts  concerning  the  earlier  of  the   fon.p,c)iiig  ; 

lines;  only  his  close  scrutinizing  of  New  York  and  Long  Island  records  i 
has  brought  them  to  light. — Editor. 


Annual  Meeting  of  the  Woman's  Branch  241 

ANNUAL  MEETING  OF  THE  WOMAN'S  BRANCH 
Tpie  annual  meeting  of  The  Woman's  Branch  of  the  New 
Jersey  Historical  Society  was  held  in  the  Society's  Building, 
Newark,  on  Wednesday.  May  3rd,   1922.     At  twelve  o'clock 
the  President,  Mrs.  Cutler,  called  the  meeting  to  order. 

The  minutes  of  the  last  annual  meeting  were  read  and  ap- 
proved. The  Corresponding  Secretary  reported  many  pieces 
of  mail  received  and  hundreds  of  letters,  invitations,  and  notes 
sent  out.  Report  accepted  with  thanks.  The  Treasurer,  Miss 
Hudnut,  reported  a  balance  in  the  treasury  to  date  of  $702,75, 
with  all  bills  paid.  Report  accepted  with  thanks  and  appreci- 
ation. Mrs.  Cutler's  report,  embracing  the  year's  work,  re- 
corded our  entire  membership  as  636,  including  65  new  mem- 
bers admitted  during  the  year.  Additions  to  the  Library  have 
been  made  by  the  purchase  of  rare  books  and  maps,  many  in- 
teresting relics  have  found  a  place  in  the  Museum,  and  the 
fine  portrait  of  Walt  \Miitman  acquired  by  purchase  was  con- 
sidered a  wise  expenditure  of  $100. 

Reference  was  made  to  the  largely  attended  mid-winter  meet- 
ing at  Elizabeth  with  Rev.  Robert  Watson,  D.D..  as  speaker 

.  upon  the  subject,  "Aly  Definition  of   100%   American."     Dr. 

{  Watson   stressed   the  great   responsibility   resting  upon   us   in 

whose  veins  courses  the  blood  of  the  pioneers  in  "the  venture 
at  self-government  in  the  forests  of  America,"  cautioning  his 
audience  never  to  forgei  that  our  country  was  founded  in  the 

j  fear  of  God  and  in  the  belief  in  the  atonement  of  Christ. 

j    .  Mrs.  Cutler  paid  tribute  to  the  Board,  which  has  loyally  sup- 

I  ported  her  every  undertaking,  and  she  closed  with  an  appeal 

for  active  work  not  only  by  the  Board  members  but  by  the 
entire  membership  of  the  Society.  Mrs.  White  urged  increased 
membership  and  suggested  that  there  be  a  concerted  movement 
to  secure  data  concerning  New  Jersey  families,  which,  in  the 
early  days,  went  as  colonists  to  the  West.  The  report  of  the 
nominating  Committee,  Mrs.  Henry  R.  Howell.  Chairman,  -was 
then  presented,  with  Miss  D'Olier  in  the  chair : 

Officers  for  I922-'23 
Prt  >ident,  Mrs.  Willard  W.  Cutler,  Morristown  ;  First  Vice- 
Presuient,  Mrs.  George  Batten,  Montclair;    Second  Vice-Pres- 


16 


242           Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  \ 

i 

ident,  Mrs.  Richard  V.  Lindabnry,  Bernardsville;   Third  Vice-  \ 

President,  Mrs.  Henry  T.  White,  Red  Bank;    Recording  Sec-  \ 

retary,    Miss   Mary   Louise   Wheeler,   Llewellyn    Park;    Cor-  I 

responding  Secretary,  Mrs.  Harrie  P.  Whitehead,  Elizabeth;  \ 

Treasurer,  Miss  Isabel  Hudnut,   Princeton;    Historian,   Miss  \ 

Margaret   L.   Terhune,   Matawan;    Auditor,   Mrs.   Henry   J.  | 

Horner,  Newark.  | 

County  Managers  I 

1 

Atlantic — Miss  Eliza  S.  Thompson,  Atlantic  City.  | 

Bergen — Mrs.  William  H.  Westervelt,  Hackensack.  < 

Burlington — Miss  Margaret  T.  Haines,  Burlington.  j 

Cape  May — Mrs.  David  G.  Baird,  Beverly.  I 

Essex — Mrs.  Edward  S.  Campbell,  Miss  Florence  Congar, 
Mrs.  Samuel  C.  Howell,  Mrs.  Arthur  H.  MacKie,  Miss'  H. 
Rose  Nichols,  Mrs.  Sydney  N.  Ogden,  Mrs.  William  R.  Ward, 
Mrs.  Austen  H.  McGregor,  all  of  Newark. 

Hudson — Mrs.  Henry  Budd  Howell,  Jersey  City, 

Mercer — Miss  Henrietta  O.  Magie,  Princeton. 

Middlesex — Miss  M.  Josephine  Atkinson  and  Miss  Mary 
Demarest,  New  Brunswick. 

Monmouth — Mrs.  Jacob  B.  Rue,  Red  Bank. 

Morris — Mrs.  Charles  M.  Lum,  Chatham. 

Ocean — Mrs.  George  W.  Holman,  Jr.,  Toms  River. 

Passaic — Mrs.  William  Nelson,  New  York  City. 

Salem — Mrs.  Trueman  H.  Clayton,  Salem. 

Somerset — Mrs.  John  S.  Clark,  Middlebush. 

Sussex — Mrs.  Robert  V.  Armstrong,  Augusta. 

Union— Miss  Mary  G.  Van  Vrankin  and  Miss  Agnes  Black- 
fan,  Elizabeth. 

Warren— Mrs.  Arthur  G.  Smith,  Belvidere,  and  Miss  Kath- 
arine W.  Stryker,  Phillipsburg. 

As  there  were  no  nominations  from  the  floor  the  Secretary 
was  authorized  to  cast  the  ballot  for  the  election  of  the  above 
named  nominees.  At  this  point  a  recess  for  luncheon  was 
taken. 

The  afternoon  meeting  convened  at  2  o'clock,  with  prayer  by 
Rev.  Joseph  F.  Folsom,  after  which  Mrs.  Cutler  introduced 
Miss  Alice  Forman  Wyckoff,  whose  address  was  entitled 
"Ourselves  as  Ancestors."  The  obligation  resting  upon  us  to 
transmit  to  those  who  in  their  turn  shall  follow  us  the  wonder- 
ful heritage,  which  is  ours  not  to  barter  away  but  which  is  a 


Necrology  of  Members  243 

sacred  trust,  was  emphasized  many  times  by  the  speaker,  who 
closed  with  a  plea  for  earnest,  thoughtful  living.  After  a  ris- 
ing vote  of  thanks  to  Miss  Wyckoff  for  her  address,  on  motion 
the  meeting  adjourned. 

Annie  Hull  White, 

Secretary  pro  tern. 

*5*        «<5*        *r*        »^ 

NECROLOGY  OF  MEMBERS 

Miss  Mabel  Baldwin  Beardsley,  who  died  April  12,  1922, 
was  the  daughter  of  Theodore  R.  and  Elizabeth  (Baldwin) 
Beardsley.  She  was  born  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  in  Nov.,  1861, 
and  lived  in  that  city  the  greater  part  of  her  life.  In  1920, 
she  went  to  Seattle,  Wash,  to  visit  her  brother,  Theodore  S. 
Beardsley.  Shortly  after  her  arrival  there  she  was  stricken 
ill  and  went  to  Glenwood  Springs,  Colo.,  where  another  broth- 
er. Judge  Arthur  L.  Beardsley,  is  city  attorney.  She  died  at 
.  the  Glenwood  Sanatorium,  Glenwood  Springs,  Colo.     Besides 

;  the  two  brothers  mentioned,  Miss  Beardsley  is  survived  by  a 

i  sister.  Miss  Grace  Sargeant  Beardsley  of  Glenwood  Springs. 

\  Miss  Beardsley's  father  came  to  Newark  from  Sussex  county, 

j  and  the  old  homestead  of  the  family  is  still  standing  at  Ham- 

i  burg.     Miss    Beardsley   was   a   member   of    the   Ray   Palmer 

i  Club  of   Newark   for  many  years.     She  possessed  consider- 

i  able  ability  along  literary  lines  and  many  of  her  short  stories 

I  were  published  in  newspapers  and  magazines  in  the  East.     She 

I  was  a  lover  of  Nature  and  took  keen  delight  in  making  long 

trips  into  the  mountains.     She  went  to  Glenwood  Springs  in 
'  1900,  staying  five  years,  then  returning  to  Newark.     She  had 

been  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  since 
1914. 

Rev.  Cornelius  Brett,  D.D.,  died  on  Feb.  24,  1922,  at  the 
residence  of  his  son-in-law.  Rev.  Dr.  William  H.  Boocock, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  Dr.  Brett  was  born  in  New  York  City  Nov. 
25,  1S42,  being  the  son  of  Rev.  Philip  Millcdoler  Brett,  D.D., 
and  grandson  of  Rev.  Philip  Milledoler,  President  of  Rutgers 


244  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

College    i825-'52.        He   was   also   a   grandson   of    Cornelius 
Bogert,  a  former  well-known  lawyer  of  New  York  City.     He  1 

was  descended  from  Lieutenant  Roger  Brett,  of  the  English  \ 

Navy,  who,   in   1703,  married  Katrina  Rombout,   a   daughter  j 

of  Francis  Rombout,  mayor  of  New  York  in  1679.     He  pre-  j 

pared   for   college   at   the   Brooklyn   Polytechnic   Preparatory  • 

School,  being  a  graduate  of  its  first  class,  in  1858.     He  entered  \ 

New  York  University,  and  was  graduated  in   1862.       From  j 

there  he  went  to  the  New  Brunswick  Seminary,  and  was  grad-  j 

uated  in  1865.  k 

His  first  charge  was  the  Flatlands  Reformed  Church,  of  i 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  pastor  from   i865-'70.     He  | 

was  in   Newark,   N.  J.,   as  pastor  of  the   Second  Reformed  ] 

Church,  from  1870-73,  and  then  went  to  Montgomery,  N.  Y.  j 

In  1876  he  was  called  to  the  Bergen  Reformed  Church,  of  I 

Jersey  City,  where  his  great  work  was  carried  out.    For  forty-  ■ 

two  years  he  was  pastor,  and  at  his  resignation  in  1918  he  was  | 

elected  pastor  emeritus  by  the  people  he  had  loved  and  served  j 

so  well.  For  many  years  he  was  the  leader  of  the  Christian  En-  i 

deavor  in  city,  county  and  state.  The  fresh  air  camp  main- 
tained by  the  Endeavorers  of  Hudson  County,  N.  J.,  is  named 
Camp  Brett  in  remembrance  of  his  whole-hearted  service  for 
the  under-privileged  children.     He  served  as  Chaplain  of  the  | 

Fourth  Regiment,  N.  G.,  N.  J.,  for  eight  years.     In  18S1  he  \ 

was  President  of   the   Particular   Synod   of   New   Brunswick.  i 

In  1893  he  was  President  of  General  Synod.  He  was  Presi- 
dent, for  a  period  of  years,  of  the  Council  of  Hope  College. 
He  was  for  years  a  member  and  for  a  part  of  the  time  the 
President  of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions.  He  was  an 
authority  on  ecclesiastical  law,  and  was  asked  often  to  serve  on 
important  committees  of  the  church.  In  recognition  of  his 
scholarship  Ursinus  and  Rutgers  Colleges  honored  him  with 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  He  served  as  President  of 
the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society  of  New  York,  and  for  a  number 
of  years  was  Chaplain  of  the  New  Jersey  Society  of  Colonial 
Wars.  He  married  Oct.  19,  1S65.  Helen  B.  Runyon,  daughter 
of  Clarkson  and  Matilda  (IMundy)  Runyon,  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, N.  J. 


Necrology  of  Members  245 

Dr.  Brett  was  a  great  lover  of  local  history  and  genealogy. 
He  was  almost  always  found  at  the  annual  meetings  of  the 
New  Jersey  Historical  Society.  One  of  his  published  pam- 
phlets was  on  "The  Dutch  Settlements  in  Hudson  County" 
(1908).  He  made  extensive  researches  on  the  Roger  Brett 
family,  and  founded  and  was  President  of  the  Brett-Rombout 
Association.  He  had  travelled  abroad  extensively,  and  while 
in  England  spent  much  time  in  Kent,  in  search  of  records  bear- 
ing on  the  Brett  family  and  origin.  When  in  London  he  met 
Lord  Esher,  who  was  formerly  Sir  Reginald  Brett,  whose 
arms  are  the  same  as  those  brought  over  by  Lieutenant  Roger 
Brett.  Lord  Esher  was  the  most  intimate  friend  of  the  late 
King  Edward  VH,  and  President  of  the  Army  Commission, 
as  well  as  the  chosen  biographer  of  the  late  Queen  Victoria. 
Dr.  Brett  found  him  cordially  interested  in  his  researches.  Dr. 
Brett  is  survived  by  two  children :  Maud  Runyon,  who  mar- 
ried Rev.  William  H.  Boocock,  D.D.,  and  Philip  'b,i.,  who  mar- 
ried Margaret  Strong.  He  became  a  Life  member  of  the 
New  Jersey  Historical  Society  in  1909. 

William  H.  Burnett  died  at  his  home  in  Maplewood,  N.  J., 
Jan.  18,  1922.  He  was  born  in  Newark  in  1837.  His  an- 
cestors came  from  England  in  1640  and  settled  at  Lynn,  Mass. 
He  was  a  direct  descendant  of  Edward  Ball,  one  of  those 
who  came  from  Connecticut  and  founded  Newark  in  1666. 
The  site  of  the  L.  Bamberger  and  Co.  store  was  once  a  part 
of  the  Ball  farm.  Mr.  Ball's  great-grandfather,  Abner  Ball, 
served  throughout  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  another  grand- 
father, Robert  French,  served  as  a  minute  man,  participating 
in  the  Battle  of  Springfield.  Mr.  Burnett  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Newark,  at  Mr.  Hedges'  private  school  and 
at  the  Wesleyan  Institute,  now  the  Newark  Academy.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  latter  institution  at  the  age  of  fifteen. 
Shortly  after  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  he  enlisted  as  a 
Corporal  in  the  Second  New  Jersey  Infantry.  After  the  first 
Battle  of  Bull  Run  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of  the  Regi- 
ment, and,  later,  was  Brigade  and  Division  Postmaster  under 
Generals  Tucker,  Kearny  and  Sedgwick.     In  1866  Mr.  Burnett 


246  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  j 

established  a  fur  business  in  Newark,  buying  and  selling  raw  i 

skins  and  manufacturing  fur  garments.     In  1892  he  disposed  I 

of  the  business  and  entered  the  real  estate  field.     Later,  the  j 
Newark   Realty   Company    was    formed   and   he   was   elected 

President  in  which  capacity  he  served  until  his  death.     He  \ 

was  a  member  of  Lincoln  Post,  No.  11,  G.  A.  R. ;  Kane  Lodge  j 

F.  and  A.  M.,  and  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution.  ' 
He  was  a  Republican  and  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Wide 

Awake  Company  of  Newark  in  i860.     He  is  survived  by  his  , 

wife  and  a  daughter.  Miss  Frances  Burnett.     He  became  a  | 

member  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  in  1904.  \ 

Hector  Craig  Fitz  R.\xdolph  died  at  his  residence,  135  ; 
West  85th  street,  New  York  City,  Mar.  23,  1922  of  a  cancerous 
aflFection.  He  was  the  son  of  William  B.  F.  Randolph  and 
Laura  M.  (Craig)  Randolph  of  New  York  City,  and  was 
born  there  Nov.  21,  1844.  He  graduated  from  Columbia  Col- 
lege in  1867,  but  was  never  engaged  in  any  active  business,  j 
and  always  remained  a  bachelor.  For  many  years  he  passed  j 
much  of  his  time  in  researches  into  the  genealogy  of  the  Fitz  i 
Randolph  family,  and  left  a  large  collection  of  valuable  MSS.  ': 
concerning  that  family.  He  is  survived  by  two  brothers,  | 
Franklin  F.  and  William  F.  Randolph,  both  of  New  York  City.  I 
Mr.  Randolph  became  a  Life  member  of  the  New  Jersey  His-  I 
torical  Society  Jan.  28,  1896. 

George  Joth.^m   Hag.\r.  one   of   the  most   voluminous   of  \ 

modern  writers  and  compilers,  died  in   Newark,  N.  J.,  July  l 
25,  1921.     He  was  born  in  Newark,  Sept.  12,  1847;  was  of 

New  Jersey  parentage,  being  the  son  of  Jotham  Meeker  Hagar  | 

of  Bloomfield  and  Harriet  Denman  (Ross)  Hagar  of  Spring-  j 

field,  N.  J.     He  was  educated  in  the  old  Fourth  Ward  School  ^ 

and  in  the  Newark  High  School.     He  began  his  literary  career  ] 

while  at  the  latter  school,  being  one  of  the  editors  of  the  "High  j 

School  Annual"  in  January,  1863.     As  a  young  man  he  was  1 

prominent  in  the  old  First  Presbyterian  Church,  especially  in  1 

Sunday  School   work.     He  was  well  known  in  Odd   Fellow  ! 

circles,  having  been  Noble  Grand  Master  of  his  Lodge,  one  of  i 


Necrology  of  Members  247 

the  organizers  of  the  Odd  Fellows  Mutual  Life  Insurance 
Association,  and  Commander  of  the  Uniformed  Patriarchs. 
Mr.  Hagar  was  always  interested  in  collecting  clippings  from 
newspapers,  magazines,  etc.  At  his  home  he  had  one  of  the 
largest  private  collections  in  the  country,  being  the  result  of 
sixty  years'  labor.  These  clippings  were  filed  in  envelopes, 
arranged  in  cyclopedic  form  for  ready  reference  and  embraced 
all  subjects.  Upon  his  death,  this  collection  and  his  library 
of  reference  books  were  presented  to  the  Newark  Public  Li- 
brary, of  which  he  was  Assistant  Librarian  in  the  late  8o's, 
and  where  he  introduced  the  card  catalogue  system.  He  re- 
signed from  the  Library  to  engage  in  cyclopedia  and  editorial 
work.  For  years  he  was  news  editor  of  "Frank  Leslie's  Illus- 
trated Newspaper."  He  was  one  of  the  compilers  on  or  con- 
tributors to  a  score  or  more  encyclopedias  and  other  works  of 
references,  among  which  were  the  "Columbian  Cyclopedia," 
"New  Standard  Cyclopedia;"  "Appleton's  Cyclopedia  of  Amer- 
ican Biography,"  and  also  their  "New  Practical  Cyclopedia;" 
"Harper's  Encyclopedia  of  United  States  History,"  which  he 
enlarged  from  two  to  ten  volumes,  and  President  Wilson's 
"History  of  the  American  People,"  for  which  he  collected  and 
arranged  documents,  enlarging  the  work  from  five  to  ten 
volumes.  He  also  compiled  the  "Chronology  of  the  World" 
in  the  "Standard  Dictionary,"  edited  the  "New  Universities 
Dictionary,"  was  Centennial  editor  of  "Crabb's  English  Synony- 
ons,"  revised  "Eggleston's  History  of  the  "United  States,"  etc., 
etc. 

During  the  Civil  War  he  was  a  member  of  the  Sanitary  Com- 
mission (the  forerunner  of  the  Red  Cross)  and  was  engaged 
in  hospital  work  at  the  old  Center  St.  Hospital,  Newark,  and 
at  Point  of  Rocks,  Virginia.  On  Nov.  27,  1878,  he  married 
Emma  L.  Hubbard  of  Newark.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he 
was  a  member  of  Howard  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  having  been  a 
member  of  the  order  over  fifty  years;  of  Kane  Lodge,  F.  & 
A.  M.,  the  National  Geographic  Society  and  the  Newark  Mu- 
seum Association.  He  had  been  a  Life  member  of  the  New 
Jersey  Historical  Society  since  Jan.,  1887.  He  is  survived  by 
a  son,  Arthur  P.,  and  a  daughter,  Clara  H.,  both  of  Newark. 


248  Proceedings  Neiv  Jersey  Historical  Society  % 

Rev.  Roswell  Randall  Hoes,  while  only  a  Corresponding^  ^ 

member  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  (elected  in  1889),  1 

was    so    well    and    favorably   known    as    an    historian   that    a  ^ 

mention  of  his  useful  life  seems  fitting  in  this  place.     He  died  « 

at  Washington,  D.  C,  on  Oct.  26,  1921.     About  a  yea  •  before  j 

he  had  been  run  down  by  an  automobile  and,  after  a  lingering  | 

illness  therefrom,  failed  to  recover.     Mr.  Hoes  was  the  son  ] 

of  Rev.  Dr.  John  C.  F.  Hoes  and  Lucy  Maria  (Randall)  Hoes,  ] 

pastor  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  from  1845  i 

to  1867,  and  was  born  in  Kingston  Feb.  28,  1850.       He  was  | 

graduated  from  the  Kingston  Academy  in  1867;  attended  for  ; 

a  while  Amherst  College,  then  Princeton,  from  which  he  was  ? 

graduated  in  1871,  and  then  Princeton  Theological  Seminary,  \ 

graduating  1875.     He  was  pastor  of  a  Presbyterian  church  at  J 

Mt.  Holly,   i875-'78  and  at  New  Rochelle.  N.  Y.,   i878-'8i.  -; 

He  became  Chaplain  of  the  U.  S.  Navy  July  26,  1882,  and  was  I 

commissioned   with   rank  of   Chaplain-Captain   Mar.  2,    1903.  | 

He  was  retired  Feb.  28,  1912,  on  reaching  62  years  of  age.  I 

He  had  a  sea  service  of  nearly  eight  years,  and  shore  or  other  t 

duty  for  i8j^  years.     He  was  with  the  fleet  in  the  Spanish  ] 

War.       In  1900  he  was  made  Chaplain  of  the  Ancient  and  j 

Honorable  Artillery  Co.  of  Boston.  I 

The   particular    interest    of    historically-inclined    persons    in  j 

Chaplain  Hoes  lies  in  the  fact  that,  more  than  any  other  one  1 

man,  he  recovered  for  old  Ulster  county.  New  York,  a  wealth  1 

of  material  of  immense  and  lasting  value.     His  one  monumen-  \ 

tal  publication,  "The  Baptismal  and  IMarriage  Records  of  the  \ 

Old  Dutch  Church  of  Kingston,"  has  put  all  genealogists  in  | 

permanent  debt  to  him.     But  his  other  writings  in  various  New  i 

York   publications,    addresses    before    historical    societies,    his  I 

invaluable  collections  of  old  records  in  Ulster,  his  aid  to  Rev.  | 

Edward  T.  Corwin,  D.D.,  in  "The  Ecclesiastical  Records  of  \ 

New  York"  by  actual  assistance  in  Holland,  and  other  public  j 

and  semi-public  acts  prove  his  great  usefulness,  industry  and 
ability.  His  personality  was  charming  and  his  friends  almost 
innumerable.  He  was  twice  married,  his  second  wife,  and, 
in  all,  four  children,  survive  him.     The  widow  still  resides  in  | 

Washington.  He  was  buried  in  the  family  plot  in  Wiltwyck 
Cemetery,  Kingston. 


Necrology  of  Members  249 

Alfred  Rogers  Turner,  who  died  at  his  residence  in  Pat- 
erson,  N.  ].,  on  the  ist  of  June  of  last  year,  was  a  native 
of  Maiden,  Mass.,  the  son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alfred  Rogers 
Turner,  whose  ancestors  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  that 
State.  He  was  born  Oct.  3,  1851.  After  a  common  school 
education  and  some  years  in  the  hands  of  private  tutois,  Mr. 
Turner  associated  himself  in  the  business  of  a  commission 
house,  the  name  of  the  firm  being  Ross  &  Turner.  In  this  way 
he  became  acquainted  with  Thomas  Barbour,  one  of  the  two 
Barbour  brothers  who  established  the  f^ax  spinning  industry 
in  Paterson,  and  who  induced  him  to  go  to  New  York  and  look 
after  the  business  interests  of  the  Barbour  Flax  Spinning 
Company.  When  the  Linen  Thread  Company  absorbed  the 
business  of  the  Barbour  Company,  together  with  numerous 
other  textile  concerns  in  the  country,  Mr.  Turner  was  elected 
vice-president ;     as    such   he   had    charge   of   the   selling   end 

I  of  the  business.     Mr.  Turner  was  quiet  and  unassuming,  and 

apparently  averse  to  appearing  in  public,  a  diffidence  he  over- 
came during  the  World  War,  when  he  became  very  prominent 
in  various  activities,  notably  the  Red  Cross  of   Paterson,  of 

I  which  he  was  chairman.     In  this  capacity  he  assumed  a  leader- 

ship acknowledged  and  admired  by  all.  He  not  only  took 
the  initiative  but  followed  each  activity  through  to  its  ultimate 
fruition.  His  liberality  to  this  cause  is  still  amply  testified 
to  by  the  equipment  of  the  present  Red  Cross  headquarters. 
His  business  activities,  in  addition  to  his  connection  with  the 
Linen  Thread  Company,  were  in  the  directorship  of  the  Pat- 
erson National  Bank,  the  Hamilton  Trust  Company  of  Pat- 
erson and  the  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company  of  Bos- 
ton. He  was  a  member  of  the  Hamilton  Club  of  Paterson  and 
its  President  for  two  terms ;  also  of  the  Areola  Country  Club 
and  the  North  Jersey  Country  Club,  and  of  the  Union  League 
and  Merchants'  Club  of  New  York.  He  was  married  to  Miss 
Anne  M.  Hutchins  and  had  three  sons,  Roger  C,  William  H. 
and  Howard  C.  .Six  grandchildren  and  a  brother,  W.  G.  A. 
Turner,  of  Boston,  attended  the  funeral.  Interment  was  made 
at  Everett,  Mass.  He  became  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey 
Historical  Society  August  10,  1907. 


250  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society  \ 

HISTORICAL  NOTES  AND  COMMENTS  | 

Some  Interesting  Facts  About  the  Quibbletown  Encamp-  \ 

ment  I 

One  of  the  matters  made  plain  by  the  publication  of  various  \ 

of    the    "Condict    Revolutionary    Abstracts"    is    that    the    En-  \ 

campment   of   American   Soldiers   in   the  Winter   of    i'j'j6-'j,  i 

known  as  the  "Quibbletown  Encampment,"  was  on  the  Ver-  ] 

meule  place.     It  was  in  what  is  now  Plainfield,  N.  J.,  midway  • 

between  Clinton  and  Grant  avenues,  alonf^  the  southeast  bank  -; 

of    Green    Brook.     We   have    already    referred    to    this    (see  I 

Proceedings  of  April,  192 1,  pp.  85,  118),  but  a  study  of  the  'i 

matter  leads  us  now  to  further  comments.     Quibbletown  was  | 

the  name  given  to  what  is  now  New  Market,  but  was  applied  \ 

in  a  general  way  to  the  country  for  several  miles  around  it,  I 

since  there  were  no  existing  towns  nearer  than  Scotch  Plains  j 

1 
to  the  East  and  Bound  Brook  to  the  West.     We  had  known  -^ 

of  the  fact  of  a  Camp  from  various  historians,  but  its  exact  i 

site  had,  apparently,  escaped  the  notice  of  any  modern  writer.  \ 

The  Vermeule  plantation,   dating   from    1735,   we   find   com-  i 

prised  in  all  1,200  acres  and  extended  from  Washington  Rock  I 

across  the  valley  to  about  the  line  of  present  Eighth  street,  1 

Plainfield.     The  Encampment,  as  we  now  know,  was  on  about  i 

95  acres  of  this  plantation,  and  on  it  was  a  fort,  about  200  \ 

yards  square.     From  at  least  December,  1776,  to  June,  1777,  \ 

a  body  of  soldiers  occupied  it,  as  we  have  abundant  proofs  ; 

in  the   "Condict  Abstracts."     Then,   Lee   says,   in   his   "New  5 

Jersey  as  a  Colony  and  a  State"  (Vol.  2,  p.  136),  that,  about  | 

the  latter  part  of  June.  1777,  "to  be  nearer  the  enemy  Washing-  | 

ton  moved  his  Headquarters"   [from  Middlebrook]   "to  Quib-  | 

bletown."     So  Gordon  in  his  "Gazetteer  of  New  Jersey,"  p.  | 

245,  and  other  authorities.     And  in  the  "N.  J.  Archives"  (Vol.  \ 

I,  p.  409)  is  a  letter  from  Washington  dated  "Camp  at  Quib-  j 

bletown,  June  25,  1777,"  in  which  he  states  that  the  day  before  \ 

he  had  moved  his  whole  "army"  there  (three  Brigades).     This  1 

certainly  fixed  the  time  and  the  place  of  his  Headquarters  as  j 

at  the  "Camp,"  which  was  on  the  Vermeule  farm.     Naturally  > 

it  would  have  been  there,  where  the  troops  under   General 


Historical  Notes  and  Comments  251 

Winds  were,  as  at  and  around  Quibbletown  itself  there  were 
constant  depredations  by  and  skirmishes  with  the  enemy,  and 
that  hamlet  would  have  had  no  safety  spot  for  the  Comman- 
der-in-Chief. The  natural  place  was  at  the  Encampment  it- 
self, Washington  was  there  on  this  occasion  but  a  few  days, 
when  he  took  his  three  Brigades  back  to  Middlebrook.  He 
was  doubtless  there,  however,  as  a  visitor  to  the  camp,  on 
preceding  and  succeeding  dates. 

There  stood  on  the  Vermeule  place  a  large  Dutch  house, 
with  overhanging  eaves ;  no  other  house,  so  far  as  we  can 
learn,  was  on  the  camp  grounds.  The  modest  claim  of  a  Ver- 
meule descendant,  (Mr.  Cornelius  C.  Vermeule,  of  East  Or- 
ange, to  whose  notable  article  on  "Some  Revolutionary  Inci- 
dents in  the  Raritan  Valley"  we  have  already  referred  in  our 
first-above  reference)  that  "the  Chieftain  was  his"  (th-e  Rev- 
olutionary Cornelius  Vermeule's)  "guest  v.-hen  he  went  to  the 
Rock  to  watch  the  movements  of  the  enemy,"  is  well  borne  out 
by  all  the  circumstances.  There  was  a  direct  path  from 
the  farm  to  the  Rock.  But  the  additional  Vermeule  tradition 
as  to  this  fact  not  only,  but  as  to  Washington  making  the 
house  a  "Headquarters,"  seems  to  be  substantiated  by  his  own 
letter  from  the  "Camp"  and  by  other  facts. 

Cornelius  Vermeule  (b.  1716;  d.  1784)  was  the  most  prom- 
inent patriot  in  the  region  of  Quibbletown,  which  was  only  two 
miles  from  his  house.  He  had  served  in  the  Provincial  Con- 
gress in  October,  1775,  and  on  the  Somerset  County  Committee 
of  Correspondence  of  the  previous  July,  and  he  had  several 
sons  in  the  War.  His  house  was  large  and  commodious.  His 
wife  was  Mary,  daughter  of  Ida  Marselis.  His  granddaughter, 
Judith,  who  was  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  James  Phillips,  of  Chapel 
Hill,  N.  C,  a  lady  of  very  high  character,  in  the  verses  printed 
with  the  article  referred  to,  speaks  of  Washington  as  her  fath- 
er's "guest."  Her  early  letters  showed  that  she  had  examined 
a  trunk  full  of  her  grandfather's  and  father's  correspondence; 
her  father  being  Cornelius,  Jr.,  who  served  in  the  militia 
throughout  the  War.  We  are  fortunate  enough  to  possess  a 
copy  of  one  letter  written  by  this  Judith  (Julia,  as  she  signed 
her  name)  Philips,  written  to  her  nephew,  Adrian  Vermeule, 


252  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  1 

of  Raritan  Landing,  N.  J.,  from  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C,  in  "The  ] 

Winter  of  1870,"  in  which  she  says:  | 

1 

"You  have  heard,  perhaps,  that  Washington  was  often  at  | 

our  grandfather's,  where  he  would  watch  the  movement  of  the  • 

British   while  they   were   in   possession    of    New   York.     The  | 

Rock,  you  know,  bears  his  name,  as  well  as  the  Spring  near  by,  ! 

where,  the  old  people  used  to  say,  he  would  sit  alone  in  deep  | 

thought."  \ 

j 

At  an  earlier  date,  June  28,   1852,  Dr.  Richard   Middagh 

Vermeule  (b.  1786;  d.  1861 :  named  for  Col.  Derrick  Middagh  | 

of  Revolutionary  memory  and  with  whom  he  lived  until  about  | 

twelve  years  of  age,  when  the  Colonel  left  for  the  Genesee  | 

country)  wrote  some  facts  and  recollections  of  his  ancestors,  a  ! 

copy  of  which  is  also  at  hand.     In  it  he  says,  referring  to  ■ 

Cornelius  Vermeule,  Sr.,  his  grandfather :  | 

"My  grandfather  fed  and  lodged  all  the  officers  of  one  of  j 

General  Washington's  Regiments  about  one  year  in  the  gloom-  1 

iest  period  of  the  national  struggle,  and  never  asked  or  received  | 

pay  of  the  Government."  \ 

i 

When  Cornelius,  Jr.,   was  married  to  Elizabeth   Middagh,  ' 

dau.  of  Lieut. -Col..  Derrick  Middagh,  of  Somerville,  they  re-  \ 

ceived   from   General   Washington,   as   a   wedding  present,   a  I 

handsome  set  of  china,  which  passed  down  to  a  Clarkson  line  | 

of    the    family:   another   proof    of    Washington's   interest    in  ; 

both  the  elder  and  younger  Cornelius.  I 


In    1814,   Rev.    Cornelius   Vermeule,    D.    D.,    (b.    1786;    d  \ 

1859),  previously  pastor  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  church  of  i 

Harlem,  N.  Y.,   from   1816  to   1836,  but  then   Professor  of  ; 

Languages  in  Rutgers  College  (he  was  a  brother  of  the  Mrs.  , 

Judith  Phillips,  above  referred  to)  visited  Mt,  Vernon  and  was  l 

entertained  there  most  hospitably  by  Judge  Bushrod  Washing- 
ton, a  proof  that  social  relations  existed  between  the  Wash- 
ington and  Vermeule  families. 

The  Vermeule  house  was  built  in  1736  and  stood  about  one 
hundred  yards  back  of  the  present  house  which,  with  the  ad- 
joining land,  belongs  today  to  Mr.  Augustus  J.  Brunson,  Presi- 
dent of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Plainfield.  The  old 
house,   like  the   present   one,   stood   along  the   Green   Brook 


Historical  N'otes  and  Comments  253 

road,  in  North  Plainfield  township,  Somerset  county,  and  was 
pulled  down  about  1830  by  Mr.  Jeremiah  Van  Deventer,  the 
then  resident  owner.  It  had  a  private  road,  or  lane,  leading 
to  present  Front  Street,  which  road  is  now  Clinton  Avenue. 
The  fort  on  the  Vermeule  place,  the  boundaries  of  which  were 
traceable  until  a  few  years  ago,  was  located  southeast  of  and  at  a 
considerable  distance  from  the  house.  Near  the  house  to  the 
west  was  an  immense  Dutch  barn,  and  near  it  also  was  and  is 
the  old  Vermeule  farm  burying-ground  fenced  in  and  well- 
preserved.  Half  a  mile  to  the  northeast  still  stands  the  farm 
house  of  Cornelius  Vermeule,  Jr.  (son  of  the  first  Cornelius), 
built  in  1784,  and  yet  in  wonderful  preservation,  though  some- 
what altered.  Not  far  away  lived  Adrian,  brother  of  Cor- 
nelius, Jr.,  who  was  captured  by  the  British  and  died  in  a  New 
York  prison-house.  Two  other  brothers,  Eder  and  Frederic, 
were  also  in  the  Revolutionary  Army.  Clearly  here  was  a 
whole  family  of  patriots. 

General  Knox's  Headquarters 

As  everybody  well  knows,  one  of  the  most  charming,  not  to 
say  able.  Generals  who  served  under  Washington  in  the  Revo- 
lution was  Henry  Knox.  All  historians  writing  of  that 
period  put  stress  on  his  engaging  manners  and  handsome 
mien,  and  the  attractiveness  of  Lady  Knox.  In  the  midst  of 
the  War,  when  only  about  33  years  of  age,  he  had  headquarters 
near  present  Bedminster  church,  a  few  miles  from  Plucke- 
min,  in  a  house  still  preserved  and  which  ought,  at  least,  to  be 
honored  with  a  tablet.  We  refer  to  this  subject  now  because 
of  the  fact  that  near  the  small  village  of  Vails  Gate,  about 
four  miles  southwest  of  Newburgh,  N.  Y.,  his  military  head- 
quarters there,  known  as  "The  IVIanor  House,"  for  quite  a 
long  period,  not  only  stands,  but  has  been  recently  purchased 
by  a  "Knox  Headquarters'  Association,"  to  preserve  it  as  a 
future  shrine.     Says  a  writer : 

"Washington  himself  and  his  friend  Lafayette  were  frequent 
visitors  to  the  old  mansion.  General  Nathaniel  Greene  also 
lived  in  the  Knox  house  at  one  time,  and  doubtless  many  im- 
portant plans  relating  to  the  American  army  were  formulated 


254          Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  | 

1 

there.     Rochambeau  and  General  Horatio  Gates  of  Washing-  = 

ton's  staff  were  other  distinguished  visitors  at  the  Manor  House,  j 

where  General  Knox  lived  with  his  charming  wife,  Lucy  Knox.  • 

"In  Revolutionary  days  the  Manor  House  was  known  as  the  > 

'John  Ellison  House,'  for  it  was  built  for  a  merchant  of  New  \ 

York  City,   father  of  John.      Another   house  owned  by  the  ■ 

Ellison  family  nearer  the  river  was  occupied  by  Washington  j 

as  headquarters  at  various  times  during  the  Revolution.    There  ', 

are  more  than  a  score  of  rooms  in  the  historic  Knox  Mansion,  | 

and  almost  every  one  has  some  interesting  incident  connected  .: 

with  it.     The  main  structure  of  stone  was  built  in  1754  and  I 

the  easterly  extension  of  the  house,  a  frame  building,  dates  ■ 

back  to  1734,  twenty  years  earlier.  I 

! 

Soldiers  in  the  American  Revolution  .] 

In  publishing  an  item  in  the  April  Proceedings  giving  the  I 

number  of  soldiers  engaged  on  the  American  side  in  the  Revo-  | 

lutionary  War,  we  had  misgivings,  but  could  not  then  disprove  ] 

the  figures.     For  example,  Massachusetts  was  credited  with  I 

nearly  five  times  as  many  as  New  Jersey  and  Virginia  nearly  i 

three  times  as  many,  although  we  know  that  the  chief  battle  l 

ground  for  many  years  was  in  New  Jersey,  where  almost  every  l 

citizen  capable  of  bearing  arms  patriotically  engaged  in  trying  \ 

to  cast  off  the  invader.     Besides  this,  it  seemed  as  if  nearly  I 

400,000  could  not  possibly  have  shouldered  arms  in  the  War.  1 

But  the  figures  had  come  from  a  purported  report  of  the  Secre-  ? 

tary  of  War  in  1790,  copied  from  some  source  by  us,  not  clear-  1 

ly  remembered,  and  we  pubHshed  them  in  the  hope  that,  if  j 

erroneous,  the   facts  might  be   brought  out.     Since  then  we  j 

have  learned  that  the  Massachusetts  Society,  S.  A.  R.,  about  j 

1890,  claimed  to  obtain  the  figures  from  a  "Report  of  the  Secre-  1 

tary  of  War  of  May  10,  1790,"  and  that  Society  probably  then  | 

printed  them ;  at  all  events  that  was  the  source  from  which,  at  j 
second-hand,  the  figures  reached  us. 

In  an  article  in  this  issue  we  are  told  that  some  of  these  1 

figures  are  impossible  and  others  so  doubtful  that  the  truth  1 
must  be  that  only  about  one-half  of  the  claimed  395,324  soldiers 
is  more  likely  to  be  near  the  facts.    We  doubt  if  an  exact  state- 


Queries  and  Miscellany  255 

ment  of  soldiers  engaged  from  1776  to  1783,  including,  as  it 
must,  so  many  transients  serving  on  "calls,"  can  ever  be  made, 
but  Mr.  Vermeule's  article  deserves  careful  consideration,  and 
certainly  it  puts  New  Jersey  in  a  better  light  than  the  former 
figures. 

The  "Board  of  Proprietors"  Article 

So  much  has  been  published  in  the  Proceedings  and  else- 
where in  years  past  concerning  the  Board  of  Proprietors  of 
East  Jersey  that  we  had  at  first  some  doubts  about  giving  up 
much  space  to  any  new  treatment  of  the  subject.     However, 
the  very  careful  research  of  Mr.  McGregor,  to  whom  every- 
thing in  New  Jersey  history  of  a  Scotch  or  semi-Scotch  nature 
awakens  in  him  his  great  assiduity  of  marshalling  exact  facts, 
seems  worthy  of  publication  as  presenting  in  an  orderly  form 
old  and  new  points  on  this  historic  Board,  and,  accordingly, 
it  appears  on  preceding  pages  of  this  number.    There  are  still 
several  detailed  and  somewhat  curious  documents  of  very  early 
,         date  concerning  the  Scots  Proprietors  recently  acquired  by  the 
\         New  Jersey  Historical  Society  from  which  we  hope  to  make 
j         gleanings  in  the  future. 

I  J<       ^       Jt        J2 


QUERIES  AND  MISCELLANY 

Holcombe-Barbek. — The  Holcomb  family,  mostly  of  Hun- 
terdon county,  whose  intermarriages  were  with  the  Prall, 
Quick,  Emley,  etc.,  families,  is  being  worked  out  genealogically 
by  Dr.  R.  C.  Holcombe,  Commander  U.  S.  N.,  now  or  recently 
at  the  League  Island  Navy  Yard.  The  Barber  family  of  the 
same  county  is  being  put  in  shape  by  Mr.  Hiram  E.  Deats,  of 
Flemington. 

Johnson-Kelley. — "Robert  Johnson,  of  New  Jersey,  said 
to  have  been  Scotch,  with  wife  Mary,  had  a  dau.,  Rachel,  b. 
in  same  State  Oct.  22,  1769.  Rachel  m.  Ebcnezer  T.  Kelley 
Dec.  2,  1790.  Ebenezer  was  b.  Oct.  2,  1763;  his  father  was 
Samuel  Kelley  of  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.,  whose  wife  was  Eunice. 
Information  wanted  as  to  the  above  Robert  Johnson,  who  re- 
moved to  Virginia  about  1788,  and  Samuel  Kelley." 

I.  J.  P.  (Greensboro,  N.  C), 


256  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  \ 

MicKLE. — "Information  is  wanted  concerning  the  genealogy  1 

of  the  Mickle  family  of  old  Gloucester  county,  particularly  the  \ 
second  and  third  generations,  in  which  there  seems  to  be  a  lack 

of  information."  \ 

C.  S.  B.  (Camden,  N.  J.)  j 
The  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  Baptismal,  Etc.,  Records. — Occas-  ' 

ionally  inquiries  come  to  hand  as  to  whether  the  large  volume  \ 

of  Kingston  records,  entitled  "The  Baptismal  and  Marriage  ; 

Records  of  the  Old  Dutch  Church  of  Kingston,  N.  Y.,"  is  | 

wholly  out   of   print   or   yet   purchaseable.     This   wonderful  * 

thesaurus  of  information  on  one  of  the  very  old  Dutch  churches 

in  America,  dating  from  1659,  can  still  be  had,  we  are  informed. 

from  the  widow  of  the  compiler,  who  is  Mrs.  R.  Randall  Hoes, 

her  address  being  The  Dupont,  Washington,  D.  C.     It  sells 

for  $15.  I 

\ 

i 

Kirkpatricks  in  Scotland. — "In  the  January  issue  of  your  ' 
Proceedings  I  note  a  brief  article  on  this  family.    I  wonder  if 

you  know  the  little  book,  'Chronicles  of  the  Kirkpatrick  family.'  \ 

by  Mr.  Alexander  de  Lapere  Kirkpatrick,  privately  printed  in  •' 

1898.    This  was  made  the  text  of  an  illustrated  article  by  my-  ] 

self,  The  Curious  Career  of  the  Kirkpatricks  and  how  they  j 

begat  the  Empress  Eugenie,'  in  'The  Sketch,'  London.  March  ? 

16,  1898.     Her  descent  is  traced  tabularly  in  Miss  Jane.  T.  I 

Stoddart's  'Life  of  the  Empress  Eugenie,'  London,  1906   (p.  1 

301).    A  great  deal  about  the  Kirkpatricks  has  appeared  from  j 

time  to  time  in  'Notes  and  Queries,'  London,  notably  between  \ 

February  i,  1873,  and  May  i,  1875,  and  also  in  October,  1918  \ 

(4s.  xi,  89-91,  200,  426-427,  453:    5s.  iii,  350:    I2S,  iii,  299,  j 

398.")  j 

G.  M.  B.  (Editor  "The  Graphic,"  London,  Eng.)  1 

LusE. — "Wanted,  ancestry  and  particulars  of  Capt.  Henry  | 

Luse,  of  Sussex  county,  who  served  through  the  Revolution."  j 

D.  H.  K.  (Pineville,  La.)  ] 


DR.   AUSTIN    SCOTT 


Proceedings 

of  the 

New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

VOL.  VII.  nrToVnS':'il22  No.  4 


OCTOBER,   1922 


i 

s 

I  IN   MEMORIAM— DR.  AUSTIN  SCOTT^ 

]  BY  PEV.  DR.  W.  II.  S.  DEMAREST,  NEW  BRUNSWICK,  N.  J. 

Dr.  Austin  Scott,  President  of  Rutgers  CoIle<,e  from  1891  to 
1906  and  member  of  the  faculty  from  1882  until  now,  died  at 
his  summer  home,  Granville  Center,  Massachusetts,  Tuesday, 
August  15th,  at  the  age  of  seventy-four.  His  death  was  sud- 
den, an  incalculable  loss  to  the  College ;  a  great  shock  and 
grievous  sorrow  to  his  associates  in  the  College  life,  in  the 
church  and  in  the  City  of  New  Brunswick.  He  had  com- 
pleted his  year's  work,  an  especially  arduous  year,  without  a 
day's  faltering,  although  warned  by  occasional  distress  outside 
the  classroom  that  his  life  was  none  too  secure;  and  he  was 
looking  with  fine  satisfaction  to  greatly  developed  work  in  his 
department,  work  arranged  for  by  him  with  the  President  dur- 
ing recent  months.  He  must  have  gloried  that  his  departure 
was  after  the  finished  work  of  a  year  and  while  he  still  stood 
ready  for  his  task. 

Dr.  Scott  was  born  near  Toledo,  Ohio,  August  10,  1848,  was 
graduated  from  Yale  in  1869,  and  received  the  degree  of  A.  M. 
at  the  University  of  Michigan  a  year  later.  He  studied  at 
Berlin  and  Leipzig   for  three  years  and  received  his  Ph.D. 


'The  following  account  of  the  late  Dr.  Scott  was  published  in  the 
"Christian  Intelligencer"  of  New  York  on  August  23,  last,  and  is  repro- 
duced hy  the  courtesy  of  the  writer,  the  present  President  of  Rutgers 
College,  who,  perhaps,  knew  him  more  intimately  than  anyone  else. 
The  work  of  Dr.  Scott  in  connection  with  the  New  Jersey  Historical 
Society  is  commented  upon  in  the  department  of  "Historical  Notes  and 
Comments"  in  this  issue. — Editor. 

17 


258  Proceedings  NcziJ  Jersey  Historical  Society  \ 

from  the  latter  University  in  1873.     In  1891  he  received  the  \ 

degree   of   LL.D.    from   Princeton   University.     He   was   the  | 

instructor  in  German  at  the  University  of  Michigan,  1873  ^o  \ 

1875,  and  from  1S75  to  1882  he  was  associate  in  history  at  -. 

Johns  Hopkins  University.     During  much  of  this  time,  both  | 

abroad  and  in  this  country,  he  was  associated  with  Mr.  George  i 

Bancroft,    gathering   material   and   otherwise   helping   in   the  j 

preparation  of  Mr.  Bancroft's  great  works,  the  "History  of  the  1 

United  States"  and  the  "History  of  the  Constitution."  \ 

In  1882  Dr.  Scott  was  called  to  Rutgers,  and  in  1883  he  re-  \ 

ceived  the  full  title  of  Professor  of  History,  Pohtical  Economy  j 

and  Constitutional  Law.    He  at  once  gave  strength  to  the  Col-  \ 

lege  and  gained  the  high  esteem  of  all  associated  with  him.  \ 

His  ability  and  force  of  character  were  such,  and  his  grasp  \ 

of  general  College  affairs  became  so  apparent,  that,  on  the  * 

resignation  of  President  I^Ierrill  E.  Gates,  he  was  chosen,  in  \ 

1890,  to  succeed  him.     During  his  administration  as  President  i 

the  Robert  F.  Ballantine  Gymnasium  and  the  Ralph  Voorhees  ■ 

Library  v/ere  erected,  substantial  gifts  to  endowment  were  re-  ] 

ceived,  and  the  educational  program  of  the  College  was  dis-  | 

tinctly  advanced  and  strengthened.     Executive  work  was  not  i 

as  agreeable  to  Dr.  Scott  as  teaching,  however,  and  after  fifteen  -^ 

years  of  presiding  over  the  College,  he  asked  that  his  resigna-  \ 

tion  be  accepted,  and  he  returned,  in  1906,  to  full  work  as  Pro-  | 

fessor.    He  had  continued  to  teach  somewhat  while  President:  j 

history,   however,   had  been   committed  to   other   professors :  j 

and,  with  the  growth  of  the  College  and  the  increase  of  in-  \ 

structors  in  recent  years,  it  fell  to  him  to  give  his  time  quite  \ 

entirely  to  his  paramount  subject,  political  science,  constitu-  j 

tional  and  international  law  and  civics.     With  rare  vigor  and  \ 

enthusiasm,  since  returning  from  the  President's  office  now  for  \ 

sixteen  years,  he  has  carried  on  his  very  distinguished  class- 
room work. 

Dr.  Scott  was  one  of  the  greatest  teachers  of  his  time.  He 
had  natively  a  keen  mind  and  an  eagerness  of  the  search  for 
truth,  and  his  training,  academic  and  later,  was  of  the  best. 
His  learning  was  wide  and  accurate :  his  intellectual  resources 
were  always  at  instant  and  apt  command :  he  had  the  teaching 


In   Memoriam — Dr.   Austin   Scott  259 

gift  in  rare  degree.  Before  his  students  he  was  a  master  in- 
deed. Vital,  alert,  incisive,  original,  he  commanded  definite 
and  unfailing  interest,  compelled  intellectual  reaction,  and  gave 
forth  riches  of  experience  as  well  as  learning.  Forty  classes, 
one  after  the  other,  have  given  him  supreme  respect  and  ad- 
miration and  gratitude  as  a  teacher. 

As  teacher  and  as  President  he  was  an  unswerving  champion 
of  the  College,  all  its  honor  and  welfare.  He  had  adopted  it 
entirely  as  his  ov.m.  It  was  unceasingly  upon  his  heart.  He 
ti  gloried  in  its  distinction  and  its  usefulness.  After  his  retiring 
I  from  the  office  of  President  he  gave  to  his  successor,  his  one 
f  time  student,  the  most  unwavering  and  complete  support  in 
t  word  and  deed  and  the  warmest,  intimate  friendship. 
I  In  the  City  of  New  Brunswick  Dr.  Scott  has  been  for  many 

I  years  an  outstanding  figure.  Devoted  to  training  his  students 
I  for  best  citizenship,  he  could  not  fail  to  give  public  service  him- 
I  self  as  chance  appeared.  He  was  ready  to  enlist  in  all  good 
I  civic  movements.  He  was  willing  even  to  accept  public  office : 
he  served  a  term  as  Mayor  of  New  Brunswick  and  fulfilled  the 
duties  of  the  office  with  rare  faithfulness  and  with  high  cour- 
age in  difficult  circumstances.  He  served  on  one  board  and 
another  of  public  administration.  He  was  counted  on  as  a 
speaker  on  philanthropic  and  patriotic  occasions.  In  such  a 
group  as  the  local  Historical  Club,  of  which  he  was  President, 
he  was  the  leading  and  moving  spirit,  strongly  sustaining  its 
whole  enterprise  and  sharing  constantly  its  productive  work. 

Like  his  predecessors  in  the  President's  office  since  the  Sec- 
ond Reformed  Church  of  New  Brunswick  was  organized,  and 
like  his  successor,  he  has  been  connected  with  that  church.  He 
was  a  devoted  churchman,  a  strong  supporter  of  the  denomi- 
nation, an  elder  frequently  chosen  to  the  consistory.  In  him 
the  pastor  always  found  a  warm  and  helpful  friend :  special 
movements  for  the  church  welfare  always  commanded  his  best 
effort.  He  held  the  religious  life  as  the  essential  foundation  of 
all  good  life  and  citizenship.  He  was  gifted  in  religious  ad- 
dress and  in  prayer.  He  was  well  known  in  General  Synod 
and  at  times  played  important  parts  in  its  counsels. 

Dr.  Scott  leaves,  beside  his  widow,   seven  children.     The 


26o  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  I 

I 
eldest  son  is  Assistant  Professor  of  History  at  the  University  , 
of  Rochester  and  the  second  son  is  Professor  of  Law  at  the 
Harvard  Law  School. 


^%  t^i  fe?*  ^?* 

GEORGE  SCOT,  OF  PITLOCHY 

BY  MISS  EDITH   H.   MATHER,  BOUND  BROOK,  N.  J.  | 

The  first  volume  of  the  "Collections  of  the  New  Jersey  His-  \ 
torical  Society"  is  a  history  of  "East  Jersey  Under  the  Pro-  \ 
prietary  Governments,"  by  William  A.  Whitehead,  one  of  his  \ 
many  invaluable  important  contributions  to  New  Jersey  his-  I 
tory.  He  has  given  in  an  "Appendix"  a  reprint  of  "The  ', 
Model  of  the  Government  of  East  New  Jersey  in  America  and  \ 
Encouragements  for  such  as  Design  to  be  Concerned  There,"  i 
by  George  Scot  of  "Pitlochie,"  "now  first  reprinted  from  the  | 

original  edition  of  1685."    Although  one  of  the  most  important  ; 

sources  of  early  New  Jersey  history,  only  four  copies  of  the  ] 

original  edition  were  known  to  be  in  existence  in  1846,  when  | 

this  reprint  was  made.     At  that  time  those  four  copies  were  | 

distributed  as  follows :   one  in  the  Advocates'  Library  at  Edin-  | 

burgh,  one  in  the  Gottingen  Collection,  one  belonged  to  John  ' 

A.   King,  Esq.,  of  Long  Island,  and  the  remaining  copy  in 
Harvard  College  Library  (not  then  a  University). 

The  "Model  Government"  has  been  largely  drawn  upon  by 
later  historians  and  is  the  sole  source  of  information  concern- 
ing the  condition  of  the  Province  at  that  time.  It  was  believed, 
by  the  Scots  Proprietors,  to  have  exercised  so  great  an  influence 
on  emigration  that  they  gave  the  author  500  acres  of  land  in 
East  New  Jersey.  He  was  intimately  connected  with  an  im- 
portant period  of  our  history,  and  was  a  man  not  only  of  most 
noble  and  illustrious  lineage  but  of  considerable  importance  in 
his  own  right,  although  overshadowed  by  his  much  more  dis- 
tinguished father. 

George  Scot,  of  Pitlochy,  was  the  son  of  Sir  John  Scot  of 
Scotstarvet  and  his  second  wife,  Margaret  Melville,  a  daugh- 
ter of  the  famous  Sir  James  Melville  of  Hallhill,  author  of  the 


George  Scot  of  Pitlochy  2O1 

"Memoirs."  This  branch  of  the  Scot  family  was  a  cadet  of 
the  noble  house  of  Buccleuch,  whose  thrilling  deeds  and  whose 
chief  residence,  Branksome  Castle,  are  celebrated  in  Sir  Wal- 
ter Scott's  "Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel." 

Sir  John  Scot,  of  Scotstarvet,  was  born  in  1586,  and  suc- 
ceeded his  grandfather  as  heir  to  the  lands  and  barony  of 
Knightspottie,  when  only  seven  years  old.  In  161 1  he  ac- 
quired the  lands  and  barony  of  Tarvet,  in  the  county  of  Fife. 
These  he  called  Scotstarvet,  from,  which  he  took  his  title,  and 
here  he  built  Scotstarvet  Tower,  a  gloomy,  feudal-looking  build- 
ing near  the  town  of  Cupar.  He  was  in  great  favor  with  King 
James  VI  (James  I  of  England),  who  knighted  him  in  1617, 
and  he  was  made  Director  of  the  Chancery  as  soon  as  he  came 
of  age.  Douglas  says  of  him  (in  his  "Baronage  of  Scotland," 
p.  220),  that  "he  had  a  liberal  education,  was  a  man  of  extra- 
ordinary parts  and  made  a  great  figure  in  his  time."  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Privy  Council  under  James  and  also  under 
Charles  I,  who  made  him  one  of  the  Senators  of  the  College  of 
Justice  and  gave  him  four  charters  under  the  great  seal  for 
many  lands  and  baronies.  He  was  a  devoted  loyalist  for  which 
Cromwell  fined  him  £1,500.  During  the  Protectorate  he  re- 
tired to  his  country  estates  of  Scotstarvet  and  lived  very  quietly, 
taking  no  part  in  public  affairs.  Douglas  goes  on  to  say  that 
"he  survived  these  troublous  times  and  got  a  charter  under  the 
great  seal  from  Charles  II."    He  died  in  1670. 

Sir  John  Scot  married  three  times.  His  first  wife  was  Anne 
Drummond,  daughter  of  Sir  John  Drummond  of  Hawthorn- 
den,  a  cadet  of  the  house  of  Perth.  By  this  m.arriage  he  had 
two  sons  and  seven  daughters.  His  second  wife  was  Margaret 
Melville,  previously  mentioned,  the  mother  of  George,  of  Pit- 
lochy. His  third  venture  was  Margaret  Monipenny,  daughter 
of  Monipenny  of  Pitmilly  and  widow  of  William  Rigg  of  Aith- 
ernie,  by  whom  he  had  Walter  Scot  of  Edinshead. 

Fife  is  a  very  picturesque  county  on  the  east  coast  of  Scot- 
land, between  the  Firth  of  Forth  on  the  south  and  the  Firth 
of  Tay  to  the  north.  Cupar,  on  the  river  Eden,  is  the  capital,  or 
county  town ;  and  about  two  miles  away  is  Scotstarvet  Tower. 
It  is  built  of  hewn  stone  with  walls  from  six  to  seven  feet  thick 


262  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

and  about  fifty  feet  high.     It  has  few  windows  and  a  narrow 

wheel-stair  leads  to  the  six  stories.    A  detailed  description  of  I 

this  dwelling  may  be  found  in  "Castellated  and  Domestic  Arch-  ] 

itecture  of  Scotland,"  together  with  an  exterior  view,  the  in-  | 

terior  plan,  and  a  drawing  of  one  of  the  three  fire-places.  This  i 

last  is  ornamented  with  the  arms  of  Scot  and  Drummond,  their  \ 

initials,  and  the  date,  1627.    There  is  also  a  panel  at  the  head  of.  i 

the  stairway  which  bears  the  same  date  and  has  the  arms  of  \ 

Scot  and  Drummond  impaled.    Three  fire-places  and  not  many  \ 

more  windows  would  seem  cheerless  to  the  modern  mind,  but  ] 

at  that  time  they  were  doubtless  considered  a  great  comfort,  if  \ 

not  luxury,  for  a  barony  of  that  size.  | 

It  was  probably  here  that  George  Scot  was  born,  but  the  j 

exact  date  has  not  been  verified.    It  seems  fairly  safe  to  assume  I 

that  it  was  somewhere  near  1640.     He  was  married  in  1663,  | 

so  he  must  have  been  twenty,  or  thereabouts,  at  the  time,  but  ] 

probably  not  much  older,  his  mother  being  Sir  John's  second  1 

wife.  I 

His  youth  was  spent  in  the  most  advantageous  surround-  1 

ings.     He  received  a  fine  education  and  probably  attended  St.  1 

Andrews  University,  as  his  father  was  a  great  patron  of  learn-  ] 
ing.    A  pleasing  picture  of  Sir  John  Scot  and  his  home  is  given 
in  a  "History  of  Fife  and  Kinross,"  by  J.  G.  Mackay,  pp.  137, 
138: 

"In  one  of  the  later  castles  of  Fife,  whose  single  unpretend-  | 

ing  but  striking  tower  stands  on  the  depression  between  the  1 

hill  where  the  Generals  of  Mary  of  Guise  met  the  Generals  of  j 

the  congregation,  and  the  ridge  of  higher  ground  to  the  west,  ■ 

one  of  the  smaller  barons  of  Fife  led  a  life  divided  between  the  j 

practice  of   politics  and  the  pursuit  of   knowledge."     ...  j 

"No  one  of  his  class  and  time  did  more  for  learning.  He  found-  I 

ed  the  Humanity,  or  Latin,  Chair  at  St.  Andrews  and  scholar-  1 

ships  for  poor  boys  at  Glasgow.  He  encouraged  Arthur  John- 
ston in  the  compilation  of  the  'Delitise  Poetarum  Scotorum' 
.  .  .  The  sixth  volume  of  Blaeu's  'Atlas'  was  published 
largely  at  his  cost.  It  marked  a  step  of  progress  when  Scot- 
land was  given  a  distinct  place  in  the  Atlas  of  Europe.  'At 
length,'  wrote  Gordon  of  Straloch  to  Sir  John  Scot,  24  Jan., 
1648,  'our  Scotland  presents  itself  to  the  world.  It  will  now 
hold  an  honorable  place  among  the  other  countries  of  the  earth 


George  Scot  of  Pitlochy  263 

in  the  grand  and  celebrated  'Atlas'  of  Monsieur  John  Blaeu,  to 
which  the  world  has  seen  nothing  comparable.'  .  .  .  The 
hospitable  house  of  Scotstarvet  was  a  centre  for  the  literary  cir- 
cle of  his  countrymen.  One  of  Scot's  visitors — his  brother- 
in-law,  Drummond  of  Hawthornden — was  induced  to  write  the 
'History  of  the  Jameses'  by  his  suggestion," 

He,  himself,  wrote  a  curious  little  book,  called  "The  Stag- 
gering State  of  Scots  Statesmen."    This  is  not  a  dissertation  on 
Temperance,  but  a  circumstantial  account  of  the  misfortunes 
and  scandals  that  have  overtaken  various  prominent  nobles. 
f;        Some  have  considered  it  a  malicious  satire  on  his  political  ene- 
l       mies;  but  Carlyle  says  it  is  "not  a  satire  at  all,  but  a  homily 
\        on  Life's  Nothingness  enforced  by  examples."    In  pursuing  his 
I        active  career  he  travelled  to  London  and  back  twenty-four 
I        times  and  made  two  trips  to  Holland,  no  mean  accomplishment 
\        for  those  days. 

\  Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  Scot's  education  was  a  liberal  one — 

i        as  liberal  as  could  be  acquired  in  that  age,  torn  as  it  was  with 
j        its  violent  religious  hatreds.     While  liberty  of  conscience  was 
j        the  final  result  of  these  fierce  dissensions  among  the  sects,  it 
i        certainly  was  not  the  aim  of  any.    Heresy  was  as  deadly  a  sin 
to  the  devout  Presbyterian  as  to  Archbishop  Laud,  or  Tor- 
!         quemada  himself.     They  only  differed  as  to  whom  the  term 
I         should  be  applied,  and  their  methods  in  dealing  with  it  were  all 
I         much  the  same.    Toleration  was  anathema  to  the  Calvinist  as 
j         well  as  to  the  other  sects.     In  fact,  the  chief  objects  of  the 
i         National  Covenant,  1638,  and  the  Solemn  League  and  Cove- 
nant, 1643,  were  to  make  Presbyterianism  the  sole  religion  of 
Scotland ;  to  force  it  on  England,  and  to  exterminate  all  other 
sects.    The  Covenanters  were  the  forerunners  of  liberty,  chron- 
ologically speaking,  but  by  no  stretch  of  the  imagination  could 
they  be  called  its  apostles. 

Centuries  of  border  warfare  and  clan  feuds  had  bred  a  vig- 
orous and  warlike  race,  democratic  and  turbulent,  keen  intel- 
lects delighting  in  argument  and  incapable  of  being  overawed. 
It  seemed  as  if  religious  dissensions  were  a  welcome  outlet  to 
their  energies  when  the  union  of  the  crowns  put  an  end  to  the 
border  wars.     Scotland  was  distracted  by  this  bitter  strife, 


264  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  I 

with   complications   throughout   the   entire   career   of   George  I 

Scot ;  indeed,  the  entire  century  was  devoted  to  it.    Bitter  is  a  \ 

mild  expression  to  use  in  describing  these  quarrels.    They  were  I 

ferocious  on  all  sides.  , 

The  Covenanters  hated  Charles  I,  and  with  reason,  for  try-  ■ 

ing  to  force  upon  them  a  religion  they  did  not  want ;  but  they  i 

hated  Cromwell  still  more  for  putting  a  stop  to  their  persecu-  1 

tions.     He  forced  on  them  "that  vomit  of  toleration,"  which  | 

eloquently  expresses  their  opinion  of  freedom  of  conscience.  5 

The  feuds  of  great  nobles  also  played  an  important  part  in  the  | 

general  disorders.     Religion  never  brought  enemies  together,  i 

except  when  Charles  I  offended  their  entire  class  by  threaten-  | 

ing  to  restore  lands  taken  from  the  Church.    This  made  practi-  j 

cally  all  of  them  Covenanters  for  a  time,  but  as  soon  as  this  | 

danger  passed  they  separated  again  to  assume  their  respective  ] 

religious  (?)  attitudes  and  continue  the  struggle  for  each  oth-  I 

er's  possessions.  1 

Sir  John  Scot  seems  to  have  belonged  to  the  moderate  wing  j 

of  the  Presbyterian  party,  for  there  was  a  moderate,  reasonable  ^ 

faction,  as  in  all  other  parties.     The  extremists  being  very  1 

vociferous  and  aggressive,  with  a  passionate  greed  for  power,  | 

dominated  the  masses  by  the  sheer  force  and  fervor  of  their  1 

hatred.    Besides  war  on  "Prelacy,"  "Popery,"  and  all  the  other  j 

"sectaries,"  the  Kirk  itself  was  rent  by  the  quarrels  between 
the  "Resolutioners,"  or  more  moderate  preachers,  and  the  "bit- 
ter enders,"  called  "Remonstrants"  and  "Protesters."  Each 
regarded  the  other  as  a  highly  magnified  Judas. 

The  Restoration  was  hailed  with  delight  by  all  classes  of 
Scotch  people.  By  none  more  than  by  the  Covenanters,  who 
felt  they  were  about  to  enter  on  the  pleasing  task  of  forcing 
Presbyterianism  on  England  and  annihilating  the  hated  "sec- 
taries," for  Charles  II  had  been  forced  to  sign  both  Covenants 
during  his  unhappy  sojourn  in  Scotland.  They  were  speedily 
undeceived.  Instead  of  forcing  the  Covenants  on  England, 
Charles  repudiated  his  oath  and  forced  Episcopacy  on  Scotland  ; 
that  is,  the  Episcopal  form  of  church  government  was  estab- 
lished and  the  hated  bishops  restored.  More  money  could  be 
brought  into  the  treasury  by  these  means.     The  Liturgy  was 


George  Scot  of  Pitlochy  265 

not  brought  in,  nor  the  Articles  of  Perth.  Presbyterian  min- 
isters were  licensed  to  preach  under  certain  restrictions,  such 
as  singing  the  doxology  some  time  during  the  service  and  re- 
peating the  Apostles'  Creed  at  baptisms;  otherwise  there  was 
no  change  in  the  Presbyterian  form  of  worship.  They  were 
also  required  to  confine  their  sermons  to  religious  subjects  and 
avoid  "seditious  libel."  This  was  a  severe  measure,  as  many 
gifted  preachers  relied  more  on  their  powers  of  invective  than 
on  religious  instruction. 

In  reality,  Charles'  quarrel  with  the  Kirk  of  Scotland  was 
political  rather  than  religious.  He  was  in  favor  of  religious 
toleration,  but  the  English  Parliament  would  have  none  of  it, 
and  it  was  quite  as  unpopular  in  Scotland.  He  was,  however, 
like  all  the  Stuarts,  jealous  of  his  prerogative,  and  with  that 
the  Kirk  came  in  violent  conflict.  "Rigid  Presbyterianism"  of 
that  day  claimed  all  the  "divine  right,"  "passive  obedience," 
and  absolute  despotism  that  they  denied  the  King.  Their  min- 
isters were  inspired,  infallible.  They  excommunicated  "heret- 
ics" and  had  them  punished  by  the  civil  Courts  until  Cromwell 
conquered  Scotland  and  abolished  the  General  Assembly. 
Either  the  Kirk  or  the  State  had  to  govern ;  there  was  no  union 
between  them,  and  "rigid  Presbyterianism"  became  branded  as 
synonymous  with  disloyalty. 

Those  ministers  who  acceded  to  the  terms  required  by  the 
government  were  known  as  "Indulged,"  and  were  objects  of 
hatred  to  the  elect,  who  often  maltreated  them.  Many,  how- 
ever, sternly  rejected  any  such  compromise  with  their  con- 
sciences, and  three  or  four  hundred  ministers  were  turned  out 
of  their  parishes.  This  gave  rise  to  meetings,  called  conventi- 
cles, in  private  houses  and  in  the  open  fields  or  glens.  These 
were  forbidden  and  the  whole  Kirk  came  under  suspicion  on 
account  of  a  few  riots  started  by  the  incendiary  sermons  of 
some  of  the  covenanting  preachers. 

It  was  in  1663,  in  the  midst  of  all  this  excitement,  that 
George  Scot  was  married.  His  bride  was  Margaret  Rigg, 
daughter  of  William  Rigg  of  Aithernie  and  of  his  second  wife, 
Margaret  Monipcnny,  daughter  of  Monipenny  of  Pitmilly. 
William  Rigg  was  a  merchant  burgess  of  Edinburgh,  a  man  of 


266  Proceedings  Neiv  Jersey  Historical  Society  I 

considerable  wealth,  and  an  ardent  Covenanter.     He  is  men-  1 

tioned  by  Calderwood  in  his  "History  of  the  Church  of  Scot-  ] 

land,"  of  which  he  was  a  generous  benefactor.     He  died  be-  ^ 

fore  1644  and  was  survived  by  his  second  wife,  who  became  \ 

Sir  John  Scot's  third  wife.    ("East  Neuk  of  Fife,"  by  Rev.  W.  \ 

Wood,  p.  40).     It  seems  likely  that  this  marriage  occurred  be-  \ 

fore  that  of  her  daughter.  \ 

Just  when  George  Scot  became  the  Laird  of  Pitlochy  has  I 

not  been  ascertained,  but  it  would  have  made  a  most  fitting  i 

to  J 

wedding  present,  and  his  father  probably  bestowed  it  upon  him  ^ 

at  that  time,  if  not  before.    Whenever  or  however  acquired  he  i 

had  "a  pretty  house  with  good  enclosures"  in  the  picturesque  ] 

country  of  v»'estern  Fife  at  the  head  of  the  river  Edin.    It  was  1 

not  far  from  the  village  of   Strathmiglo,  which  lay  about  a  \ 

mile  to  the  east,  with  the  beautiful  hills  of  East  and  West  | 

Lomond  to  the  southward.     In  this  charming  spot,  as  we  as-  j 

sume,  he  spent  eleven  peaceful  and  happy  years.     Here  his  \ 

children  Eupham  and  James  must  have  been  born,  and  possi-  3 

bly  others,  but  these  tv*'o  were  all  who  survived  him  and  we  1 

have  no  record  of  any  others.  1 

In  1670  died  Sir  John  Scot,  at  the  age  of  eighty-four,  a  great  1 

man  in  his  day.    While  the  barony  of  Scotstarvet  and  the  bulk  \ 

of  the  estates  followed  the  law  of  primogeniture,  his  literary  \ 

tastes  were  inherited  by  his  third  son,  George,  of  Pitlochy.   He  ' 

recognized  this  fact  and  left  with  him  some  manuscripts  of  con-  \ 

siderable  value.  I 

It  was  not  until  a  few  years  later  that  George,  of  Pitlochy,  I 

came  in  conflict  with  the  State,  as  understood  by  Lauderdale, 
and  his  serious  misfortunes  began.  On  the  twenty-fifth  of 
June,  1674,  he  and  his  wife  were  fined  £1,000  for  attending 
conventicles  in  the  county  of  Fife,  and  imprisoned  in  the  Tol- 
booth  of  Edinburgh.  The  following  month  their  fines  were  paid 
and  they  were  released  on  the  twenty-third  of  July.  "Registry 
of  the  Privy  Council  of  Scotland,"  Third  Scries,  Vol.  4,  pp.  207, 
208.) 

Conditions  in  Scotland  had  been  going  from  bad  to  worse. 
The  Kirk  was  rent  in  twain  by  the  most  bitter  dissensions.  The 
distracted  country  was  being  thoroughly  misgoverned  by  the 


George  Scot  of  Pitlochy  267 

Duke  of  Lauderdale,  a  violent  and  corrupt  man,  cruel  and  ra- 
pacious, who  had  secured  the  most  important  and  lucrative  of- 
fices for  himself  and  his  family,  while  the  affairs  of  the  Church 
were  run  by  James  Sharp,  Archbishop  of  St.  Andrews,  de- 
scribed by  Lauderdale  as  "a  poltroon  of  serviceable  ability,  and 
a  liar  whose  lies  can  be  reckoned  upon.  .  .  .  When  dirty 
work  had  to  be  done  he  did  it  really  well."  Both  one  time 
Covenanters,  they  were  illustrious  examples  of  the  "one  rene- 
gade" proverb. 

As  increasing  numbers  of  the  Presbyterian  clergy  availed 
themselves  of  the  acts  of  Indulgence,  the  extremely  "rigid"  be- 
came alarmed  and  roused  the  most  devout  of  their  congrega- 
tions to  furious  endeavors.  One  of  the  favorite  forms  of  dis- 
order was  to  "rabble,"  that  is  mob,  the  "Indulged"  and  drive 
them  out  of  their  parishes  in  fear  of  their  lives.  Women  were 
said  to  be  the  most  violent  and  irrepressible  of  the  religious  agi- 
tators. Carried  away  by  the  preacher's  eloquence  they  repeat- 
edly precipitated  serious  riots. 

The  government  was  powerless  to  restore  order,  but  it 
forced  people  to  go  to  church,  and  passed  laws  against  conven- 
ticles of  such  severity  that  they  could  not  be  enforced.  How- 
ever, it  aflForded  a  golden  opportunity  for  extorting  fines  and 
brought  great  profit  to  officials.  The  method  of  collecting  un- 
paid taxes  and  fines  was  to  quarter  soldiers  on  the  delinquent 
until  the  money  was  paid.  This  grievous  form  of  tyranny  was 
especially  hard  on  the  poor,  who  had  no  redress  for  military 
outrages.  It  seemed  as  if  both  sides  expended  all  their  brains 
and  energy  on  exasperating  each  other  instead  of  devising  any 
adjustment  of  difficulties. 

The  west  of  Scotland  was  the  hotbed  of  disorder,  but  Fife 
was  one  of  the  strongholds  of  Presbyterianism  and  the  resi- 
dence of  one  of  the  chief  objects  of  hatred.  Archbishop  Sharp 
of  St.  Andrews.  The  inhabitants  were  thus  brought  into  close 
contact  with  one  of  the  sources  of  oppression. 

Lady  Pitlochy  had  a  cousin,  Archibald  Riddell,  an  "obnox- 
ious preacher,"  and  it  is  doubtless  through  her  and  her  family 
connections  that  her  husband  became  involved  with  the  extreme 
faction.    The  rest  of  his  family  had  a  certain  amount  of  caution 


268  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society  I 

and  avoided  the  agitators.    His  writings  do  not  indicate  a  man  \ 

of  intemperate  zeal,  but  rather  the  calm,  inquiring  scholar.  His  \ 

sense  of  justice  has  probably  been  deeply  offended  and,  evi-  » 

dently,  he  had  inherited  some  of  the  spirit  of  his  ancestor,  the  | 

"bold  Buccleuch."  i 

On  July  20,  1676,  George,  of  Pitlochy,  and  -his  wife,  with  1 

others,  were  again  accused  of  attending  conventicles  and  "re-  \ 

setting"  and  "intercommuning"  with  rebels  and  fugitives,  and  \ 

to  have  been  present  at  house  and  field  conventicles.    "The  said  j 

Mr.  George  Scot  of  Pitlochie  has  also  convocated  divers  num-  \ 

bers  of  people  from  time  to  time  to  these  field  conventicles  and  i 

was  present  at  one  where  the  said  Mr.  James  Kirktoune  sol-  ] 

emnized  a  disorderly  marriage     .     .     .     one  of  his  own  ser-  \ 

vants,  he  giving  the  said  bride  into  the  hand  of  the  said  bride-  ? 

groom," — truly  a  heinous  offense!  (Ibid,  Vol.  5,  p.  12).  For 
this  they  were  denounced  at  the  market  crosses  of  Cupar, 
Perth,  Edinburgh,  and  "other  places  needful  and  their  goods 
to  be  escheated."  He  must  have  proved  contumacious,  for  in 
the  following  year,  February  i,  1677,  he  is  declared  fugitive 
for  not  appearing  before  the  Council.  (Ibid,  p.  105).  He  was 
apprehended  in  Edinburgh  and  brought  before  the  "committy 
charged  with  the  said  crymes."  He  was  further  charged  with 
"uttering  several  insolent  expressions  against  his  Majesties 
government  and  those  entrusted  by  him  in  the  exercise  thereof, 
which  was  instantly  proven  against  him ;  he  refused  to  declare 
any  thing  there  anent,  or  to  give  assurance  for  his  future  good 
carriage.  The  committy  considering  the  said  Mr.  George  Scot 
to  be  a  person  of  most  pernitious  and  factious  practices,  and  al- 
together irreclaimable,  notwithstanding  all  the  fair  meanes  and 
endeavoures  used  for  that  effect,"  they  then  order  him 
"transported  to  the  isle  of  the  Basse  until  the  council  shall 
consider  what  further  course  to  take  with  him." 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  just  what  these  "fair  meanes 
and  endeavoures"  were.  The  "isle  of  the  Basse,"  to  which 
he  was  transported,  is  a  huge  rock  in  the  Firth  of  Forth,  about 
a  mile  in  circumference,  and  two  miles  from  the  nearest  shore. 
A  landing  can  be  made  from  one  side,  only,  as  the  other  three 
are  perpendicular.     The  government  bought  it  in  1671,  built 


'  George  Scot  of  Pitlochy  269 

thereon  a  castle  Avith  dungeons,  and  used  it  as  a  prison  for  the 
Covenanters.  A  lonely  and  gloomy  exile  with  no  hope  of 
escape,  except  by  pardon. 

Probably  concern  for  his  family  as  much  as  the  discomfort 
of  his  own  imprisonment  induced  Scot  to  petition  for  freedom. 
This  was  granted  and  on  October  5,  1677,  he  wac  liberated  on 
condition  that  he  confine  himself  to  his  own  land.     (Ibid,  p. 

257)- 

During  his  absence  Lady  Pitlochy  had  not  been  idle,  for  on 
August  7,  1677,  she  was  accused  of  attending  conventicles, 
prosecuted  and  fined  1,000  merks. 

For  a  while  they  succeeded  in  keeping  out  of  trouble,  but 
conditions  were  continually  growing  worse ;  so  it  is  not  sur- 
prising that  he  was  again  brought  before  the  Council,  at  Edin- 
burgh, May  13,  1679,  together  with  a  Mr.  Andrew  Kennedy 
of  Cloburne,  "for  keeping  conventicles  and  for  other  disorders 
of  that  nature,  and  they  found  caution  as  follows,  viz. :  Mr. 
George  Scot  by  a  bond  dated  20  Oct.,  1677;  found  Col.  David 
Cunninghame,  David  Scot  of  Scotstarvet  [his  nephew]  and 
Walter  Scot  of  Letholme,  cautioners  for  him  to  confine  himself 
I  to  his  own  lands  under  a  penalty  of  10,000  merks  and  to  live 

'■■  orderly,     .     .     ."     (Ibid,  Vol.  6,  p.  198).    They  were  accused 

i  of  having  deserted  ordinances,  kept  conventicles,  reset  rebels 

f  and  had  children  baptized  at  these  meetings.     Andrew  Ken- 

I  nedy  "refused  to  depone"  and  was  committed  to  the  Tolbooth 

\  of  Edinburgh  unless  he  immediately  gave  bond  for  1,000  merks. 

I  They  delayed  consideration  of  George  Scot's  case  "until  to- 

j  morrow."    The  next  day  his  case  was  taken  up.    He  acknowl- 

i  edged  that  one  conventicle  had  been  held  in  his  house,  but  re- 

j  fused  to  tell  the  name  of  the  preacher.    On  being  questioned  as 

I  to  having  "intertained,  intercommuned  or  corresponded  with 

j  any  intercommuned  persons,"  and  particularly  John  Balfour  of 

I  Kinloch,  he  refused  to  answer.    This  was  considered  a  confes- 

I  sion  and  he  was  fined  3,000  merks  of  the  10,000  "contained  in 

the  bond  before  the  last  day  of  this  month,  and  supersede  as  to 
the  rest  of  the  sum  until  it  appear  what  will  be  the  said  Mr. 
George  Scot's  future  conduct ;"  and  they  allow  him  until  the 
22nd  inst.  to  return  to  his  confinement.    "John  Balfour  of  Kin- 


270  Proceedings  Nczv  Jersey  Historical  Society  1 

loch  (called  Burley)"  was  the  leader  of  the  party  of  men  who,  | 
ten  days  before,  had  murdered  Archbishop  Sharp  in  a  most  | 
cruel  manner.  If  he  is  the  same,  as  the  names  would  indi-  ^ 
cate,  with  whom  he  was  accused  of  nitercommunmg,  it  seems  | 

like  a  serious  situation.  There  is  no  evidence  of  Scot  being  a  \ 
fanatic  who  would  advocate  murder,  especially  in  so  shocking  I 

a  manner.     One    might    have    uttered  "insolent    expressions  j 

against   his   Majesties   government"    without   departing    from  1 

either  truth  or  good  sense.     Whatever  his  attitude  may  have  4 

been,  he  was  fortunate  to  escape  with  merely  a  fine  and  "being  1 

confined  to  his  own  land,"  considering  the  circumstances  and  | 

the  temper  of  the  government.  I 

Whitehead  says  ("History  of  Perth  Amboy,"  p.  25)  that  he  ] 

was  fined   £700  in  February,    1680,    for   "absence   from  the  | 

King's  host  and  subsequently,  but  at  what  time,  or  for  what  i 

special  offense  has  not  been  ascertained,  was  again  imprisoned  | 

in  the  Bass,"  that  he  petitioned  the  Council  for  release,  "engag- 
ing to  go  to  the  plantations  and  promised  to  take  with  him 
Archibald  Riddell,  his  wife's  cousin  and  one  of  the  obnoxious 
preachers."  Also,  that  he  was  released  April  i,  1684.  Evi- 
dently Archibald  Riddell  was  a  disturbing  element  in  the 
family. 

If  Scot  were  liberated  on  that  date  it  is  likely  that  he  was 
imprisoned  sometime  during  the  previous  autumn.  The  year, 
1683,  was  a  period  rife  with  conspiracies.  The  Rye  House 
Plot  in  England  had  ramifications  in  Scotland  and  a  number 
of  the  most  respectable  gentry  were  arrested  and  put  to  the 
torture.  Renwick,  a  fanatical  preacher  of  the  most  extreme 
type,  also  started  his  activities  about  the  same  time.  With  his 
ferocious  slogan  of  "Blood  and  no  quarters,"  he  went  about 
preaching  at  conventicles  and  inciting  rebellion.  He  was  not 
an  orthodox  Presbyterian,  but  had  his  own  peculiar  brand  of 
religion  (?),  and  the  great  body  of  the  Kirk  repudiated  him 
and  his  works.  But  it  is  not  the  habit  of  governments  to  be 
very  discriminating  at  such  times  and  many  innocent  had  to 
suffer.  These  conditions  gave  a  fresh  impetus  to  persecution. 
"The  country  was  thus  harassed  by  oaths,  tests  and  fines  in- 
flicted for  even  conversing  with  fugitive  rebels,  and  for  not 


r 


George  Scot  of  Pitlochy  271 


denouncing-  them.  ,  .  .  Not  only  peasants  and  tradesfolk, 
but  gentlemen  like  Scot  of  Harden  and  many  others  were 
heavily  fined,  often  for  the  Presbyterian  devoutness  of  the 
women  of  their  families."     (Lang,  "Hist,  of  Scotland,"  Vol. 

3.  P-  375)- 

It  is  not  at  all  probable  that  George  of  Pitlochy  was  a  Ren- 
wickite.  Renwick  was  too  anarchistic  to  appeal  to  the  gentry, 
but  it  is  within  the  bounds  of  possibility  that  Lady  Pitlochy  and 
Archibald  Riddell  may  have  listened  to  his  eloquence. 

In  1683  George  applies  to  the  Privy  Council  for  sequestra- 
tion of  the  estate  of  a  Col.  Walter  Scott.    "Supplication  by  Mr. 
George  Scot  of  Pitlochie,  as  follows :   The  deceased  Col.  Wal- 
ter Scott,  by  irrevocable  disposition  dated  nth  July,  1668,  dis- 
poned to  him  48,000  guilders;  and  he  finding  himself  obliged 
;.       to  go  to  Holland  for  prosecuting  his  right,  did,  to  eschew  a 
I       tedious  and  expensive  lawsuit  in  Holland   (albeit  he  had  ana 
I       expres  warrand  from  the  Prince  and  the  States  to  put  under 
I       arrestment  all  the  Colonel's  fortune  until  his  claims  were  de- 
I       termined)  passe  from  his  arrestment  upon  desyre  of  Andrew 
^       Boswall  in  Balmuto,  nearest  of  kin  to  the  Collonel."  ("Regis- 
f       tcr  of  the  Privy  Council  of  Scotland,"  Third  Series,  Vol.  8, 
j       p.  238).    What  relation  this  Col.  Scott  was  to  him  has  not  been 
discovered.    Surely  Scot  displayed  great  patience  in  waiting  for 
1       his  legacy,  and  he  must  have  needed  it  sadly,  being  mulcted  for 
I        so  many  fines. 

The  same  year  it  appears  in  the  records  that  "Walter  Scot 

j        of  Pitlochie"  was  appointed  one  of  the  Justices  of  the  Peace 

for  the  shire  of  Fife.     (Ibid,  p.  199).    This  cannot  be  a  mis- 

i        print  for  George,  as  it  argues  confidence  in  the  officer's  loyalty. 

'        Evidently  it  is  his  half-brother  (and  his  wife's  also),  mentioned 

in  the  Douglas  "Baronage"  as  Walter  Scot  of  "Edin'shead." 

In  the  description  of   Fife  before  cited,  it  says:  "The  next 

place  we  notice  is  Edin'shead,  where  the  river  of  Edin  has 

its  source.     A  pretty  house  with  good  inclosures ;  the  seat  of 

Walter  Scot,  son  of  Sir  John  Scot  of  Scotstarvet,  of  whom 

formerly.    This  land  and  house  was  formerly  named  Pitlochy." 

(Sibbald's  "Hist,  of  the  Sheriffdoms  of  Fife  and  Kinross,"  p. 

38S).    George  Scot  was  doubtless  in  debt  by  this  time  and  was 


2^2.  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  | 

obliged  to  sell  his  estate  to  his  brother.    He  continues,  however.  1 

to  retain  the  title.  1 

It  was  in  this  same  eventful  year  that  Scot  published  his  j 

grandfather's  "Memoirs."     Sir  James  Melville,  born  in  1535,  \ 

was  a  younger  son  of  Sir  John  Melville  of  Raith,  one  of  the  ] 

most  ancient  and  honorable   families  of   Fife."    He   went  to  | 

France  as  page  to  Mary  Queen  of  Scots.    He  travelled  exten-  \ 

sively  in  Europe,  was  soldier  and  diplomat;  and  when  Mary  I 

returned  to  Scotland  he  was  sent  for  and  given  an  appoint-  \ 

ment  in  her  household.     After  faithful  and  distinguished  ser-  I 

vice  to  his  country,  he  retired  to  his  estate  of  Hallhill,  where  \ 

he  wrote  his  "Memoirs  of  my  own  Life,"  a  valuable  historical  1 

record  of  the  period.     He  died  in  1617.     These  "Memoirs"  \ 

were  first  published  by  George  Scot,  who  wrote  the  biography  \ 

that  prefaces  the  work. 

In  1684  the  Earl  of  Perth,  who  came  into  power  after  Lau- 
derdale's retirement,  was  made  Lord  High  Chancellor  of 
Scotland.  It  was  evidently  through  him  that  Scot  obtained 
his  final  release.  Perth  being  related  by  marriage  to  the  Scots- 
tarvet  family  seems  to  have  been  willing  to  exert  his  influence 
in  behalf  of  his  disaffected  kinsman. 

In  this  same  year  George  brings  another  petition  before  the 
Privy  Council,  or  rather  renews  an  old  one.  "Sir  George 
Scott  of  Pitlochy  recommended  to  his  Majesty's  bounty  for  his 
preservation  of  manuscripts  of  his  father.  Sir  John  Scott  of 
Scotstarvet,  and  his  offer  of  them  to  the  Lords  of  Session." 
He  states  in  his  petition  that  he  was  offered  by  private  persons 
a  considerable  amount  for  his  father's  manuscripts  (they  seem 
to  have  been  abstracts  of  documents  that  passed  through  his 
office  while  he  was  director),  but,  instead,  he  offered  them  to 
the  Lords  of  Session,  Dec.  13,  1674,  who  perused  them,  con- 
sidered it  a  great  service,  and  recommended  him  for  his  Majes- 
ty's bounty.'  The  Lords  of  Session  reported  favorably  on  it 
Mar.  3,  1675,  but  evidently  nothing  further  was  done.  It 
seems  that  Sir  John  Scot  had  been  made  Director  of  the  Chan- 
cellary  for  life,  but  Charles  II  wanted  it  for  a  friend,  and  asked 
Sir  John  to  give  it  up  to  him,  which  he  did,  "being  a  great  loser 
thereby."  ("Reg.  Priv.  Coun.  Scot.,"  Third  Series,  Vol.  8,  pp. 
432-434-) 


George  Scot  of  Pitlochy  273 

This  seems  to  be  Scot's  last  encounter  with  the  Privy  Coun- 
cil. 

From  the  time  of  his  liberation  he  must  have  devoted  him- 
self to  preparations  for  his  emigration,  and  to  the  writing  of 
the  "Model  Government."  This  is  a  really  notable  work  and 
worthy  of  perusal.  It  throws  an  illuminating  light  on  the 
mental  attitudes  and  methods  of  reasoning  of  that  period.  Ev- 
idently there  were  serious  objections  among  the  devout  to  leav- 
ing their  own  country  for  a  foreign  land.  The  reasons  they 
gave,  whether  real  or  feigned,  were  the  deeply  superstitious 
(which  they  mistook  for  religious)  type,  then  in  vogue.  These 
opinions  were  not  shared  by  George  Scot  and  men  of  his 
culture  and  education,  but  they  took  them  seriously,  and  he 
devotes  a  large  portion  of  the  book  to  dispelling  these  doubts 
and  objections  by  presenting  numerous  precedents,  drawn  from 
-  .  the  Bible,  in  favor  of  "extraordinary  undertakings"  for  those 

i  who  have  an  "extraordinary  call." 

I  Scot  deals  with  this  subject  in  a  highly  satisfactory  manner, 

I  goes  into  the  origin  of  Indian  tribes  and  how  they  arrived  in 

I  America.     He  shows  a  thorough   familiarity  with  the  great 

j  writers  of  the  day  on  history  and  kindred  subjects.    He  is  not 

j  ahead  of  his  time,  but  entirely  up-to-date.    After  the  historical 

I  survey  and  the  effort  to  satisfy  sensitive  consciences,  he  pro- 

I  ceeds  to  give  his  reasons  for  preferring  New  Jersey  to  the 

!  other  colonies.     This  constitutes  a  most  glowing  description 

of  the  government,  the  soil,  the  climate,  the  harbors,  and  many 
other  advantages,  which,  he  thought,  made  it  the  most  desirable 
spot  from  Maine  to  Florida.  He  inserts  the  "Grants  and  Con- 
cession" from  the  Lords  Proprietors  to  the  settlers,  the  deed 
from  Charles  II  to  the  Duke  of  York,  and  from  the  Duke  of 
York  to  the  Twenty-four  Proprietors.  He  gives  an  account  of 
the  towns  and  settlements,  their  size  and  condition ;  and  finally 
adds  numerous  letters  from  Scotchmen,  recently  settled  in  the 
country,  to  their  friends  and  relatives  at  home.  He  proves  his 
case  and  deftly  appeals  to  all  classes. 

The  dedication  of  the  book  is  to  "James,  Earl  of  Perth,  Lord 
Drummond  and  Stobhall,  etc.,  Lord  High  Chancellour  of  Scot- 
land," to  Perth's  brother,  "John,  Viscount  of  Melfoord,  Lord 
18 


274  Proceedings  Ncxv  Jersey  Historical  Society  | 

Drummond  of  Gilston,  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Kingdom  of  ! 

Scotland,  one  of  the  Members  of  His  Majesties  most  Honoura-  | 

ble  Privy  Council  in  both  Kingdoms  ;"  and  also  to  "George,  Vis-  \ 

count  of  Tarbet,  Lord  ]\IcCloud  and  Castle-Haven,  Lord  Clerk,  | 

Register  of  Scotland,  and  one  of  His  Majesty's  most  Honour-  | 

able  Privy  Council  there."  He  expresses  deep  gratitude  to  these  \ 

"noble  Lords"  for  many  favors  received  from  them.     Perth  | 

and  his  brother  were  two  of   the  Twenty-four   Proprietors,  | 

while  George  Mackenzie,  Viscount  Tarbet   (not  the  "Bluidy  \ 

Mackenzie"  of  evil  memory)  owned  a  number  of  proprietary  '| 

shares.    It  was  a  business  venture  in  which  some  of  the  Scotch  | 

nobility,  gentry  and  merchants  were  interested.     They  were  ] 

the  "Scots  Proprietors."  \ 

For  the  curious  conclusion  of  this  book,  see  Whitehead's  \ 

"East  Jersey  under  the  Proprietary  Governments,"  (pp.  331-  | 

333).      This    states   what   ships   had   already   sailed    for   and  ] 

reached  New  Jersey,  and  speaks  of  the  "Henry  and  Francis,"  | 

which,  it  was  announced,  would  set  sail  "against  the  20  day  of  j 

July"  for  New  Jersey.  ( 

In  the  meantime  a  great  deal  had  happened  in   Scotland.  \ 

Charles  H  had  died  and  been  succeeded  by  his  brother  James 
n,  the  last  and  worst  of  the  Stuart  Kings.  Argyle's  ill-advised, 
poorly  managed  and  meagerly  supported  "rising"  had  been 
thoroughly  extinguished  and  Argyle  himself  executed.  Of  his 
unfortunate  followers  some  were  hung,  others  escaped  with 
mutilation ;  some  were  banished  and  others  thrown  into  prison, 
which  last  seemed  about  the  worst  fate  of  all.  About  200  of 
these  unfortunates,  imprisoned  in  Edinburgh,  were  sent  north 
and  confined  in  Dunnottar  Castle.  They  were  all  Covenanters 
and  mostly  peasants.  The  horrors  of  their  captivity  were  due 
to  the  cruelty  of  the  deputy-sheriff  of  the  Alearns,  one  George 
Keith,  of  infamous  memory.  Even  the  Privy  Council  disap- 
proved of  his  atrocious  treatment,  and  his  wife  interceded  for 
them  but  to  very  little  purpose.  "Even  water  was  begrudged 
them,  and  some  died,  a  few  escaped  and  the  soldiers  tortured  all 
whom  they  caught.  Many  who  would  not  take  an  oath  involv- 
ing the  Royal  supremacy  were  banished."  (Lang.  "Hist,  of 
Scotland,"  Vol.  3,  p.  408).    The  "banished"  were  those  gifted 


George  Scot  of  Pitlochy  275 

to  Pitlochy.  Did  the  "gift"  of  these  poor  people  represent 
the  "King's  bounty"  to  which  the  Council  had  recommended 
Scot  on  account  of  his  father's  manuscripts?  It  has  all  the  ear- 
marks of  Stuart  generosity. 

Volume  14  of  the  Scottish  Historical  Society  Publications  is 
"Erskine  of  Carnock's  Journal,"  1683-1687,  and  on  page  154  is 
the  following  entry : 

"All  that  were  in  Dunottar,  except  those  who  were  sick,  were 
now  brought  back  and  disposed  of  other  ways,  many  of  them 
being  banished,  and  gifted  to  Scot  of  Pitlochie,  who  was  in  a 
few  days  to  sail  for  Jersey  in  America.  Mr.  Archibald  Riddell, 
who  was  prisoner  in  the  Bass,  having  got  his  liberty  that  he 
might  go  with  him,  was  now  shipped  with  his  family,  several 
gentlewomen  and  others  having  gone  voluntarily."  (Another 
account  may  be  found  in  Chambers'  "Annals  of  Scotland," 
Vol.  2,  pp.  479-481). 

A  long  account  of  the  whole  disastrous  voyage  is  given  in 
Wodrow's  "Sufferings  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,"  Vol.  2, 
pp.  565-567,  a  brief  notice  of  which  is  in  Whitehead's  "His- 
tory of  Perth  Amboy,"  p.  24.  It  contains  a  partial  list  of  the 
passengers  and  the  narrative  is  by  one  of  the  banished.  The 
"gifted"  were  not  at  all  joyful  on  leaving  Scotland  and  their 
persecutors,  but  were  most  resentful  and  full  of  righteous  in- 
dignation at  being  sent  to  an  "uncovenanted  country,"  conse- 
quently without  religion.  The  account  contains  some  inaccur- 
acies, due  to  violent  prejudices,  which  is  not  unnatural,  but 
gives  a  vivid  picture  of  this  tragic  journey.  The  narrator  has 
a  grudge  against  Scot  who  seems  to  have  fallen  from  grace. 
"Vexed  Presbyterian"  he  may  have  been,  but  evidently  not 
one  of  the  elect.  His  wife  is  referred  to  as  "his  cxcellerit 
i  Lady."     Undoubtedly  she  was  the  truly  orthodox  member  of 

the  family. 


"The  prisoners."  the  account  says,  "lay  some  time  in  the 
Road  of  Leith  before  all  was  ready  and  sailed  the  5th  of  Sep- 
tember. Informations  before  me  bear  that  Pitlochie  tampered 
with  some  of  them,  particularly  James  Forsyth,  to  get  money 
before  they  sailed,  otfcring  for  five  pounds  sterling,  paid  now, 
to  let  him  at  liberty  as  soon  as  they  came  to  land.  But  James 
answered  he  would  give  no  money  to  carry  him  out  of  his  na- 


2"]^  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  1 

tive  land,  adding,  he  had  done  nothing  worthy  of  banishment.  ; 

After  they  had  turned  the  Land  End,  the  fever  began  to  rage  ' 

in  the  ship,  especially  among  such  who  had  been  in  the  great  \ 

Vault  of  Dunnotter.     Not  a  few  of  them  were  sick  when  they  ; 

came  aboard,  and  no  wonder,  considering  the  barbarous  treat-  1 

ment  they  had  met  with.     In  a  month's  time  the  fever  turned  ] 

malignant,  and  few  or  none  in  the  ship  escaped  it,  insomuch'  ; 

that  it  was  usual  to  cast  overboard  three  or  four  dead  bodies  in 
one  day.  Most  of  the  ship's  crew,  except  the  Captain  and  boat- 
swain, died.  Pitlochie,  who  had  freighted  the  ship,  with  his 
excellent  Lady,  died  likewise,  and  so  enjoyed  nothing  of  the 
produce  of  near  a  hundred  prisoners  gifted  him  by  the  Council, 
and  near  seventy  persons  died  at  sea.  Many  were  the  disasters 
of  this  voyage.     The  ship  was  at  the  utmost  hazard  by  the  \ 

breaking  up  of  a  leak  of  two  several  times.    They  had  several  i 

calms  and  som.e  pretty  severe  storms.     Very  much  for  the  ad-  ^ 

vantage    of    the   passengers    and    prisoners,   the    wind    turned  \ 

straight  for  New-Jersey  and  they  were  forced  to  sail  with  it.  s 

There  they  arrived  about  the  middle  of  December,  after  they  | 

had  been  about  fifteen  weeks  at  sea."  | 

Could  there  have  been  a  more  pathetic  ending  to  a  troubled  1 

career  than  that  of  poor  Scot?  And  how  many  tragedies  fol- 
lowed that  frail  little  ship  that  sailed  out  so  bravely  into  the 
North  Sea  that  5th  of  September,  16S5 ' 

Scot's  prospects  were  of  the  brightest.  He  had  been  granted 
a  patent  for  500  acres  of  land  (July  28,  16S5),  "as  a  present 
for  having  written  a  pamphlet  inviting  him  to  emigrate  to  New 
Jersey  and  for  freighting  the  'Henry  and  Francis,'  Richard 
Hutton,  Master,  in  which  the  said  Scot,  wife,  servants  and 
passengers,  in  all  about  200  persons,  are  going  over,  the  500 
acres  to  be  laid  out  in  the  right  of  George,  Viscount  Tarbett, 
Lord  McLeod  and  Castlehaven."  (Liber  A  of  Deeds,  p.  384: 
or  "N.  J.  Archives,"  ist  Series,  Vol.  21,  p.  85).  This  land  was 
in  the  region  of  Wickatunk;  and  he  had  obtained  from  Lord 
Neil  Campbell  an  "obligation"  to  dispose  to  him  1,000  acres  in 
East  Jersey,  contiguous  to  the  land  lately  of  "George,  Viscount 
Tarbett."    (N.  J.  Archives,  ist  Series,  Vol.  21,  p.  170). 

He  was  started  on  the  right  road  to  become  a  greater  "Laird" 
than  Scotstarvet  himself.  His  broad  acres,  however,  he  was 
never  to  see.  His  death  must  have  occurred  about  the  first  of 
November;  that  of  his  wife  at  an  earlier  date,  as  she  is  not 


George  Scot  of  Pitlochy  277 

mentioned  in  his  will,  dated  "the  last  of  October,  1685,"  and 
proved  February  26,  1686,  (as  per  Trenton,  N.  J.,  records.  For 
abstract,  sec  "N.  J.  Archives,"  First  Series,  Vol.  XXIII,  p. 
408). 

Eupham  Scot  took  counsel  with  one  of  the  advisors  named 
in  her  father's  will.  John  Johnstone  evidently  advised  her  to 
marry  him,  which  she  did,  thus  relieving  the  others  of  respon- 
sibility. As  the  wife  of  Dr.  John  Johnstone,  eminent  physi- 
cian, loved  and  respected,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  men  in 
the  Colony  and  great  landed  proprietor,  her  position  was  all 
that  her  father  could  have  wished  for  her  and  to  v.'hich  she  was 
entitled  by  birth.  She  was  able  to  realize  her  poor  father's 
dream  of  peace  and  prosperity. 

Of  the  son,  James  Scot,  the  record  is  very  meagre.  He  is 
mentioned  in  the  will  of  his  relative,  William  Rigg,  also  a  pas- 
senger on  the  "Henry  and  Francis,"  and  victim  of  the  fever. 
("N.  J.  Archives,"  Vol.  21,  p.  70),  as  follows,  the  surname 
being  spelled  "Scott"]. ^    Also  this  appears: 

"Att  a  Council  held  at  Amboy  Perth  in  East  Jersey,  30th 
Sber,  1686.  James  Scott  (sonn  of  George  Scott  of  Picklockey, 
late  of  the  Kingdom  of  Scotland,  Deceased)  came  before  the 
Councill,  being  a  jNIinor  and  made  choyse  off  Mr.  John  John- 
stone and  Mrs.  George  Willox  to  bee  his  guardians,  who  were 
admitted  accordingly,  they  giving  in  sufficient  security  to  bee 
accomptable  to  the  sd  James  Scott  when  he  shall  attaine  the 
age  of  one  and  twenty  years."     (Ibid,  Vol.  13,  p.  170). 

On  Dec.  24,  1686,  there  was  recorded  in  East  Jersey  Deeds 
a  confirmation  to  James  Scott  of  ^/^othe  of  ^/^s^h  share,  pur- 
chased of  David  Barclay,  of  550  acres  of  land  on  the  northeast 
branch  of  the  South  River  in  Monmouth  county.  ("N.  J. 
Archives,"  First  Series,  Vol.  XXI,  p.  93), 

In  1690,  James  Scott  was  a  witness  to  a  deed  of  James 
Johnstone,  a  brother  of  Dr.  John  Johnstone.  He  does  not  ap- 
pear again  in  the  New  Jersey  records.  It  is  likely  that  he  re- 
turned to  Scotland,  and  died  there  at  an  early  age,  or  perhaps 


'Both  in  the  last  will  of  George  Scot  and  the  references  to  his  son 
James,  the  surnames  are  spelled  "Scott."  It  was  an  a.i^c  of  niucli  indif- 
ference as  to  the  spelHng  of  proper  names.  So  "Pillochy"  and  "Pit- 
lochie"  were  spelled  without  uniformity. — Editor. 


278  Proceedings  Nczu  Jersey  Historical  Society  1 

was  lost  at  sea,  like  David  Barclay,  the  Governor's  brother,  1 

Douglas  in  his  "Baronage,"  says  that  George  Scot  of  Pitlochy  | 

left  no  succession;  so  he  evidently  left  as  little  record  in  Scot-  | 

land  as  here;  all  which  indicates  an  early  death.  I 

The  Laird  of  Pitlochy  and  his  "excellent  Lady"  have  a  great  | 

number  of  descendants  in  this  country,  but  all  through  their  i 

daughter,  Mrs.  Eupham  Scot  Johnstone,  a  union  of  two  il-  j 

lustrious  lines  of  Scotch  ancestry,  famous  for  courage,  intel-  1 

lect  and  strength  of  character.  -  '\ 

^       JS       jsl       ^  I 

JAMES  W.  MARSHALL,  THE  NEW  JERSEY  | 

DISCOVERER  OF  GOLD^  | 

BY  ELIAS  VOSSELLER,  FLEMTNGTON,  N,  J.  i 

The  father  of  James  Wilson  Marshall  was  Philip  Marshall,  \ 

and  his  mother  Sarah  Wilson,  who  v.-ere  born  at  Marshall's  ] 

Corner,  Hunterdon  county,  New  Jersey.     About  181 6  they  re-  | 

moved  to  Lambertville  in  the  same  couaty.     They  were  people  I 

of  good  repute,  and  both  were  prominent  in  the  organization  I 

of  the  First  Baptist  Church  there,  Feb.   10,   1825.     On  Feb.  1 

25,  1825,  Philip  Marshall  was  elected  a  deacon  in  that  church.  ] 

He  was  born  July  20,  1786,  and  died  Sept.  25,  1834.     Sarah  • 

Wilson  was  born  Jan.  28,  1788,  and  died  Sept.  3,  1878.     They  i 

were  married  Dec.  15,  180S.     To  them  were  born  five  children: 

1.  James  Wilson  Marshall,  born  Oct.  8,  1810;  died  in  Cali- 
fornia, unmarried,  Aug.  10,  1885. 

2.  Abigail,  born  May  13,  1S13. 

3.  Rebecca,  born  June  5,  1820. 

4.  Mary,  born  July  13,  1822. 

5.  Sarah  H.,  born  Sept.  13,  1827. 

James  Wilson  Marshall  had  no  educational  advantages  be- 
yond that  of  the  common  school.  Pie  learned  his  trade  of 
coach  and  wagonmaker  in  his  father's  shop.  There  he  re- 
mained until  he  was  of  age,  leading  a  quiet,  humdrum  life,  with 


^Valuable  a'^sistance  in  the  preparation  of  tli's  article  is  aclcnov, lodged, 
from  Mr.  Walter  F.  liayhurst  and  Mr.  G.  Howard  Carr,  of  Lambert- 
ville, and  from  Air.  Hiram  E.  Ucats  of  Flcmington. 


/.  IV.  Marshall,  the  New  Jersey  Discoverer  of  Gold    279 

no  features  of  special  interest.  Having  reached  his  majority 
he  began  to  experience  the  impulse  for  a  more  active  and  excit- 
ing life.  He  heard  and  read  much  about  the  great  opportuni- 
ties for  success  in  the  West,  and  decided  to  journey  in  that 
direction.  So,  packing  up  his  few  belongings  and  bidding 
farewell  to  those  in  the  old  home,  he  went  as  far  west  as 
Crawfordsville,  Indiana.  He  worked  there  as  a  carpenter  for 
a  few  months  and  then  moved  on  to  Warsaw,  Illinois.  He 
stayed  there  but  a  short  time,  when,  becoming  restless  and 
feeling  the  urge  for  further  adventure,  he  again  took  his  way 
westward,  and  this  time  reached  Northwest  Missouri.  Here  he 
seemed  to  have  reached  the  end  of  his  journeying,  for  he  located 
a  homestead  and,  with  farming  and  herding,  appeared  to  be  on 
the  high  road  to  prosperity.  But  fever-and-ague  caught  him, 
and,  after  struggling  against  it  for  a  number  of  years,  he  found 
he  would  have  to  move  on  or  die.  In  that  neighborhood  people 
were  talking  much  about  a  wonderful  country  in  the  extreme 
west  called  California.  It  was  pictured  as  an  earthly  paradise, 
with  a  moderate,  healthy  climate,  fertile  soil,  abundant  streams 
and  fine  timber  in  profusion.  It  abounded  in  game,  fish  and 
wild  fruits,  and,  what  especially  appealed  to  him,  there  was  no 
fever-and-ague  there.  All  this  greatly  interested  him.  If 
he  remained  in  the  low  bottom  lands  of  Missouri  he  could  not 
live  more  than  a  year  or  two,  his  physician  told  him.  If  he 
undertook  this  journey  he  might  lose  his  scalp  to  the  hostile 
Indians  on  the  way,  but  that  would  be  no  worse  than  being 
shaken  to  death  by  fever-and-ague.  The  desire  for  further 
adventure  was  still  burning  within  him,  and  he  decided  to  go. 

In  a  company  of  about  forty  men,  on  horseback,  packing 
their  provisions,  he  made  his  way  into  California  by  the  way 
of  Oregon  in  the  spring  of  1845.  Going  down  the  Sacramento 
valley  the  company  separated,  some  going  to  Yerba  Buena, 
now  San  Francisco,  others,  among  whom  was  Marshall,  to 
Fort  Sutter,  now  Sacramento.  Then,  for  several  years,  his 
interests  were  so  interwoven  with  Capt.  Sutter's  that  perhaps 
it  may  be  of  some  interest  to  turn  aside  and  speak  of  Capt. 
Sutter's  previous  life. 

Capt.  John  Augustus  Sutter,  "pioneer,"  was  born  in  Kan- 


28o  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 


dern,  Baden,  Feb.  15,  1803.     He  received  a  military  education  \ 

in  Switzerland  and  joined  the  Swiss  Guards,  with  whom  he  saw  ! 

some  active  service,  remaining  with  them  until  1834,  when  he  « 

emigrated  to  the  United  States,  settled  in  Missouri  and  became  1 

a  naturalized  citizen.  \ 

Hearing  of  the  beauty  and  fertility  of  the  Pacific  coast  he  i 

decided  to  go  there.     With  a  half-dozen  companions  he  reached  } 

Oregon,  descended  the  Columbia  river  to   Vancouver ;    then  \ 

went  to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  where  he  bought  and  loaded  a  ■: 

vessel,  going  with  it  to  Sitka,  Alaska,  then  a  Russian  possession,  | 

on  a  trading  expedition.     His  venture  was  successful ;   so,  sail-  j 

ing  for  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco,  he  arrived  there  in  July,  1839.  "; 

On  the  bank  of  the  Sacramento  river  he  built  a  fort,  gathered  J 

a  little  company  about  him,  set  various  industries  in  motion  and  I 

accumulated  a  great  fortune  in  live  stock,  furs  and  grain.    Sut-  j 

ter's  Fort  became  a  hospitable  resort  of  explorers  on  the  west-  1 

era  coast.     Lieut.  John  C.  Fremont  experienced  his  kindness.  | 

Sutter  gave  him  enough  fresh  horses  to  remount  his  whole  ] 

command.     Later,  Sutter  had  some  trouble  with  the  Mexican  | 

authorities,  who,  jealous  of  his  success  and  influence,  tried  to  j 

drive  him  out  of  the  country.     Hearing  of  this,  Fremont  pro- 
ceeded to  the  fort  with  his  troops,  hoisted  the  American  flag  | 
over  Fort  Sutter  and  thus  took  the  first  step  toward  making  I 
California  a  State  of  the  Union. 

On  Jan.  24,  1848,  gold  was  discovered  on  his  estate  in  the 
Coloma  Valley  by  Marshall,  (Indian,  Coo-loo-ma,  beautiful 
vale),  as  will  be  related  presently.  This  discovery  was  a  great 
misfortune  to  Capt.  Sutter.  As  a  consequence  he  lost  his  land 
grant  of  thousands  of  acres  made  by  a  Mexican  Governor.  His 
Indian  trappers,  his  herders  and  his  farmers  deserted  him  for 
the  gold  diggings ;  his  grain  was  ungathered,  his  horses,  cat- 
tle and  sheep  stampeded  or  were  stolen,  and  he  was  reduced 
to  poverty.  There  was  no  authority  to  which  he  could  appeal. 
Mexico  had  lost  her  grip  and  the  United  States  had  not  yet 
taken   hold. 

In  1864  the  Legislature  of  California  granted  him  a  pension 
of  $3,CK)0  per  year.  His  last  years  were  spent  in  Lititz,  Penn- 
sylvania.   He  unsuccessfully  importuned  Congress  to  grant  him 


/.  W.  Marshall,  the  New  Jersey  Discoverer  of  Gold    281 

some  indemnity  for  his  great  losses.  He  died  in  Washington, 
D.  C,  June  17,  1880. 

Marshall  being  an  ingenious  mechanic,  Capt.  Sutter  found 
him  useful,  and  kept  him  busy  making  tables,  chairs,  plows, 
ox  yokes,  wagons  and  even  spinning  wheels.  Life  at  the  fort 
was  very  crude.  There  were  no  comforts  and  but  few  neces- 
sities. Tea,  coffee  and  sugar  were  unknown.  Their  flour  was 
prepared  in  an  Indian  mill,  a  hollow  in  a  rock  into  which  the 
grain  was  poured  and  beaten  with  a  pestle  until  the  grains  were 
broken  up.    Having  no  candles  they  retired  when  it  was  dark. 

In  1846  occurred  the  Bearflag  war,  so  called  because  the  flag 
the  American  settlers  carried  had  on  it  the  picture  of  a  bear. 
The  Mexicans  in  California  under  General  UeCastro  intended 
to  destroy  all  the  American  settlements  and  hand  the  province 
over  to  the  British  Government.  The  settlers  joined  Fre- 
mont's forces,  and,  under  his  leadership,  not  only  were  these 
settlements  saved,  but  Gen.  DeCastro  was  driven  out  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Marshall  was  v/ith  the  settlers  who  fought  for  their  homes. 
After  spending  a  year  in  these  campaigns,  he  returned  to  Fort 
Sutter  and  then  to  a  small  ranch  he  had  purchased  and  stocked, 
but  only  to  find  that  his  live  stock  had  been  stolen  and  driven 
away.  This  was  a  severe  blow  to  him,  for  up  to  this  time  he 
had  accumulated  little  property.  For  this  year's  service  and  his 
risk  of  life  he  received  no  compensation,  and  during  his  ab- 
sence his  business  had  gone  to  ruin.  He  looked  about  now  to 
see  what  he  could  undertake  with  some  prospect  of  success, 
and  decided  to  try  the  lumber  business.  He  conferred  with 
Capt.  Sutter  about  this.  The  latter  tried  to  dissuade  him,  for 
he  needed  the  services  of  this  handy  and  dependable  man  him- 
self. However,  Marshall  persisted  and  set  out  to  fmd  a  suitable 
location  for  a  saw  mill.  He  found  an  ideal  location  on  the 
south  fork  of  the  American  river,  in  Coloma  valley,  with  am- 
ple water  power  and  fine  timber,  about  forty  miles  east  of  the 
fort.  He  then  returned  and  told  Capt.  Sutter  of  his  success. 
A  partnership  was  arranged,  Sutter  agreeing  to  furnish  the 
capital  if  Marshall  would  build  the  mill.  This  was  in  August, 
1847.     Marshall  hired  Peter  L.  Weimer  and  his  family  and 


282  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

other  workmen,  and,  with  wagon  loads  of  tools  and  provisions, 

returned  to   Coloma,  and  at  once  began  work  on  the  new  ] 

venture.  | 

We  are  on  the  eve  now  of  the  greatest  event,  not  only  in  j 

the  life  of  IMarshall  and  of  Sutter,  but  in  the  history  of  Cali-  ] 

fornia,  and  which,  when  announced,  like  the  shot  of  the  "em-  j 

battled  farmers,"  was  "heard  round  the  world."     There  have  | 

been  many  accounts  of  the  actual  finding  of  gold  by  Marshall,  \ 

one  of  which  was  an  endeavor  to  give  the  glory  to  another  man.  \ 

There  are  two  accounts  which  appear  to  be  at  first  hand  and  | 

which  quite  agree.  1 

The  workmen  were  engaged  in  digging  the  raceway  for  the  I 

saw  mill.    The  larger  sized  stones  were  thrown  out  in  the  day  j 

time,  and  at  night,  by  raising  the  gate  of  the  forebay,  the  water  i 

rushed  through  and  carried  away  the  smaller  stones,  gravel  1 

and  sand.     This  was  what  was  going  on  Jan.  24,   1848.     I  1 

quote :  | 

"On  that  memorable  morning  IMarshall  went  out  as  usual  \ 

and,  after  closing  the  forebay  gate,  thus  shutting  off  the  water,  | 

walked  down  the  tail  race  to  see  what  sand  and  gravel  had  been  j 

removed  during  the  night.     Having  strolled  to  the  lower  end  I 

of  the  race  he  stood  for  a  moment  examining  the  mass  of  j 

debris  that  had  been  washed  dov/n,  when  his  eye  caught  the  | 

glitter  of  something  that  had  lodged  in  a  crevice,  covered  with  j 

a  few  inches  of  water.     Picking  it  up,  he  found  it  was  very  i 

heavy,  of  a  peculiar  color,  and  unlike  anything  he  had  seen  | 

there  before.    Recalling  all  he  had  heard  or  read  about  miner-  \ 

als,  he  concluded  this  must  be  either  sulphate  of  copper,  or  | 
gold.     Knowing  that  sulphate  of  copper  was  brittle,  and  gold 
malleable,  he  placed  the  specimen  on  a  flat  stone  and  pounded 
it  with  another.     It  did  not  crack  or  scale  off.     It  simply  bent 
under  the  blows.     This,  then,  was  gold !" 

Mrs.  Peter  J.  Weimer,  who  was  the  cook  at  Marshall's  camp, 
puts  her  husband  and  their  little  son  in  the  story,  thus : 

"As  Marshall  and  my  husband  walked  along  the  tail  race 
from  which  the  water  had  been  shut  off,  they  noticed  a  bright, 
shiny  object,  which  Marshall  picked  up.  Our  little  son,  Mar- 
tin, was  with  them,  and  Marshall  gave  him  the  specimen  with 
instructions  to  bring  it  to  me,  which  he  did  in  a  hurry.  I  said, 
'This  is  gold  and  I  will  throw  it  into  my  lye  kettle,  and  if  it  is 


/.  IV.  Marshall,  the  New  Jersey  Discoverer  of  Gold    283 

gold  it  will  be  gold  when  it  comes  out.'  A  plank  was  brought 
for  me  to  lay  my  soap  on  later  in  the  day,  and,  as  I  cut  the  soap 
into  chunks,  the  nugget  was  not  to  be  found.  At  the  bottom  of 
the  kettle  was  a  double  handful  of  potash,  which  I  took  out,  and 
there  was  my  gold,  as  bright  as  could  be." 

Of  course  Marshall  watched  closely  now  for  further  speci- 
mens and  in  a  few  days  collected  several  ounces.  He  then  went 
to  the  fort,  and  showed  the  gold  to  his  partner.  "Impossible," 
said  Sutter.  It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  Lieut.  W.  T.  Sher- 
man (afterward  Gen.  Sherman,  of  "j\Iarching-through-Geor- 
gia"  fame),  tested  these  nuggets  and,  pronouncing  them  gold, 
dispelled  whatever  doubts  remained. 

It  was  impossible  to  hide  this  discovery,  and,  as  the  news 
spread,  the  rush  to  Coloma  began,  leading  up  to  that  tidal  wave 
of  humanity,  "the  Forty-niners,"  which  brought  with  it  men 
from  the  uttermost  parts  of  the  earth.  They  came  from  the 
slums  of  the  great  cities,  from  penal  colonies,  from  the  ranks  of 
the  discontented,  from  those  in  debt  and  from  those  who  feared 
the  law.  Good  men  with  honest  purposes  came  also,  but  per- 
haps there  never  was  a  community  which  contained  such  a  large 
proportion  of  lawless  characters  as  gathered  there.  There  was 
an  organization  known  as  "The  Hounds,"  whose  business  it  was 
to  rob  and  even  to  kill  in  order  to  obtain  gold.  This  serious 
condition  led  up  to  the  formation  of  Vigilant  Com.mittees,  who 
undertook  to  establish  order.  Many  of  the  ring  leaders  were 
caught,  proven  guilty  and  hung.  Because  of  this,  Placerville, 
now  a  thriving  town,  was  for  a  long  time  called  "Hangtown." 

Marshall  continued  working  at  the  mill,  varying  this  occu- 
pation with  prospecting.  He  was  closely  watched,  for  the  rab- 
ble believed  that,  because  he  had  discovered  the  gold,  he  knew 
where  the  rich  diggings  were,  and  they  threatened  to  hang  him 
if  he  did  not  disclose  their  locations.  So  serious  did  this  be- 
come that  his  friends  provided  means  for  his  secret  escape.  He 
was  obliged  to  remain  away  for  six  months.  On  his  return  his 
property  was  covered  by  squatters  and  he  was  unable  to  dis- 
possess them. 

With  labor  at  sixteen  dollars  per  day,  the  cost  of  running  the 
mill  made  the  enterprise  hopeless  and  so  that  business  was 


284  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

closed.     His  misfortunes  did  not  end  here,  however,  for  the 

same  men  who  stole  his  land  now  appropriated  the  timber  of  | 

the  mill  itself,  to  line  shafts  and  tunnels,  and  the  whole  build-  | 

ing  was  dismantled  and  the  mill-dam  destroyed.  i 

It  was  natural  that  he  should  desire  to  protect  his  rights  to  ^ 

the  land  which  he  legally  claimed  as  an  original  settler,  and  that  I 

he  should  dispute  the  authority  of  strangers  to  seize  and  pos-  ] 

sess  themselves  of  his  property,  appropriate  his  horses  and  cat-  | 

tie  and  destroy  his  improvements,  but,  unfortunately  for  him,  | 

a  great  many  people  in  Coloma  were  interested  in  defeating  his  j 

rights.     They  had  squatted  on  his  land  and  were  disposed  to  3 

keep  it.     All  their  interests  were  opposed  to  his,   and  they  ] 

wielded  a  large  influence  in  the  community ;  so  all  the  litigation  < 

went  against  him.     He  tried  other  enterprises.    With  a  partner  | 

he  kept  a  hotel  and  he  planted  a  vineyard,  but  was  unable  to  1 

recoup  his  losses.  | 

Nothing  remained  now  for  him  to  do  but  to  return  to  his  i 

.  .  .  .  5 

prospecting.     In  this  he  was  watched,  and  time  and  again  he  ] 

was  driven  away  from  the  diggings  by  those  who  still  beheved  \ 

he  knew  the  best  locations.    On  one  of  his  expeditions  he  came  | 

upon  a  man  lying  by  the  wayside,  apparently  sick  unto  death.  j 

He  gave  the  sufferer  refreshment  and  learned  that  he  had  been  | 

out  prospecting  Avith  several  comrades,  and  that,  being  taken  j 

sick,  his  heartless  companions  had  gone  off  and  left  him  to  die.  \ 

He  put  him  on  his  own  horse  and,  walking  beside,  carried  him  | 

to  his  camp.     Then  he  nursed  him,  supplying  the  lack  of  med-  1 

icines  by  such  simple  remedies  as  his  Indian  experience  had  i 

taught  him  to  use.  During  this  stranger's  convalescence  Mar- 
shall found  that  his  family  in  New  York,  thinking  he  was 
sowing  his  wild  oats  with  too  free  a  hand,  had  sent  him  off  to 
California,  hoping  that  his  rough  experience  there  would  sober 
him.  Marshall  loaned  him  his  horse  for  a  short  ride  every 
day  and,  as  his  strength  returned,  suggested  that  he  undertake 
a  little  light  work,  to  which  the  young  man  cheerfully  consented. 
He  mounted  the  horse  for  his  usual  ride  and  trotted  off.  That 
was  the  last  time  Marshall  ever  saw  him.  He  simply  vanished. 
With  him  disappeared  the  horse,  saddle  and  bridle. 

This  ignoble  act,  added  to  the  persecution  of  the  miners  and 


/.  JV.  Marshall,  the  Nezv  Jersey  Discoverer  of  Gold    285 

the  outrages  of  the  squatters,  was  a  cruel  blow  to  Marshall's 
faith  in  humanity. 

At  one  time  Marshall  owned  a  ferry.  Desiring  to  go  on  a 
prospecting  trip  in  the  mountains,  he  told  his  assistant  that  he 
might  never  come  back,  in  which  case  he  could  have  the  ferry. 
But,  he  said,  he  expected  to  return  by  a  certain  date,  which  was 
named.  He  did  not  return  on  that  date,  so  his  assistant  promptly 
sold  the  business,  pocketed  the  money  and  disappeared.  For  a 
long  time  after  he  boarded  with  a  very  poor  family,  in  which 
he  was  well  cared  for.  At  his  departure  he  wished  to  give  the 
mother  a  gratuity,  but,  having  no  money  he  could  spare,  he 
handed  her  a  lottery  ticket,  expressing  the  hope  that  it  would 
draw  one  of  the  prizes  for  her.  That  hope  was  realized.  The 
ticket  drew  ten  thousand  dollars! 
,  After  an  absence  of  about  forty  years  he  returned  to  Lam- 

p  bertville,  N.  J.,  his  early  home,  and  spent  two  weeks  with  rel- 

I  atives  and  friends.    Most  of  the  time  he  was  on  the  farm  of  his 

i  sister,   Mrs.   Rebecca   Marshall   Carr,   whose   husband   passed 

j  away  August  28,  i860.     Their  son,  G.  Howard  Carr,  is  now 

I  in  possession  of  the  farm,  about  two  miles  south  of  Lambert- 

1  ville.     The  latter  went  with  his  uncle  on  long  hikes,  through 

the  hills  and  valleys  adjoining  the  Delaware  river,  looking  for 
i  gold.     ]\Iarshall  seemed  obsessed  with  the  thought  that  in  every 

hill  there  was  gold,  if  one  could  only  find  it.     He  brought  a 
number  of  specimens  of  rocks  home  and  "roasted"  them,  but 
I  not  a  trace  of  precious  metal  could  he  find.     On  his  return  to 

California  he  tried  the  lecture  platform.     But  neither  his  story 
nor  his  oratory  gripped  his  small  audiences,  and  this  effort, 
like  so  many  others,  failed. 
I  He  certainly  had  a  claim  to  consideration  because  of  his  dis- 

covery of  gold  in  California,  which  made  that  great  State  what 
it  is.  It  built  her  large  cities,  it  put  commerce  on  her  rivers 
and  in  her  splendid  ocean  harbors,  it  brought  on  a  population 
with  unusual  rapidity,  it  built  churches,  schools,  colleges,  hos- 
pitals, and  asylums.  It  led  to  enlightenment  and  general  pros- 
perity. 

Referring  to  the  fact  that  the  Legislature  of  California  had 
voted  a  pension  to  Capt.  Sutter  and  had  refused  one  to  him. 


286  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

he  said,  in  a  letter  to  a  friend :  "I  see  no  reason  why  the 
Government  should  give  to  others  and  not  to  me.     In  God's  | 

name,  can  the  circumstance  of  my  being  the  first  to  find  the  ] 

gold  region  of  California  be  a  curse  to  deprive  me  of  every  ! 

right  pertaining  to  a  citizen  under  the  flag?"  | 

He  continued  to  live  on  his  little  ranch  near  Coloma,  became  • 

a  member  of  the  local  Agricultural  Society,  and  in  later  years  | 

became  a  Spiritualist.  In  1872  he  v/as  voted  a  pension  of 
$200  per  month  for  two  years.  This  was  kept  up  for  four 
years.  Then  it  was  reduced  to  $100  per  month  for  two  years. 
He  drew  no  pension  for  the  last  seven  years  of  his  life. 

He  died  alone  in  his  cabin  August  10,  1885,  his  estate  amount- 
ing to  less  than  $400.  Later  a  monument,  surmounted  by  a 
life-size  statue  of  Marshall,  was  erected,  at  a  cost  of  $5,000, 
at  Coloma,  with  the  first  finger  of  his  left  hand  pointing  to  the 
exact  spot  where  he  found  that  first  nugget  of  gold. 

fe?*  ^*  %^f  t^9  9 

ENGLISH  CONVICTS  IN  THE  AMERICAN  ARMY  IN  ; 

THE   WAR    OF    INDEPENDENCE^ 

BY  E.   ALFRED   JONES,    M.A.,   F.   R.    HIST.    S.,   LONDON,    ENG. 

Neither  side  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  whether  American  or 
British,  can  look  with  pride  on  many  of  the  methods  adopted 
to  obtain  recruits  for  the  fighting  forces. 

A  blunder  of   the  first  magnitude  was  committed  by  the  j 

British  in  employing  German  mercenaries.     Cordially  disliked  i 

by  the  British  regular  army  in  America  and  by  the  American  ] 

Loyalists,  the  Hessians  in  particular  gained  an  unenviable  repu-  | 

tation  as  plunderers  and  were  a  source  of  great  and  constant 
anxiety  to  the  Commander-in-Chief,  Sir.  William  Howe.^ 
Their  incompetent  General,  De  Heister,  was  not  only  averse 
to  taking  his  men  into  action,  but  he  became  known  to  his  un- 
happy victims,  the  Loyalists,  when  quartered  at  their  well- 
furnished  houses,  as  the  "arch  plunderer."  His  recall  at  the 
insistent  demands  of  Howe  was  accomplished  none  too  soon, 


^See  remarks  in  our  "Historical  Notes  and  Comments,"  post. — Editor. 
'Hist.  MSS.  Comm.,  Report  on  Stopford-Sackvillc  MSS.,  Vol.  II,  p.  54, 


English  Convicts  in  the  American  Army  287 

for  he  had  by  his  zeal  in  plundering  brought  the  whole  British 
army  in  America  into  disgrace.  General  Haldimand's  views 
of  the  German  troops  are  also  most  unfavorable.  His  name 
would  not  be  brought  into  this  article  but  for  one  interesting 
comment  in  a  letter  dated  from  Quebec,  13  September,  1779,  to 
Lord  George  Germain,  in  which  he  speaks  not  only  in  disparag- 
ing terms  of  German  troops,  but  also  to  the  great  encourage- 
ments offered  to  the  deserters  from  the  Hanau  Chasseurs  by 
"Rebel  emissaries,"  who  appear  to  have  offered  them  induce- 
ments to  join  their  fellow-countrymen  in  the  German  settle- 
ments in  Pennsylvania.^ 

The  competition  between  the  Americans  and  the  British  for 
the  support  of  the  Indians  was  exceedingly  keen,  ending  in 
success  for  the  latter.  The  controversy  on  the  subject  of  en- 
gaging Indians  as  combatants  may  be  dismissed  with  the  re- 
flection that  the  efforts  of  the  Americans  to  wean  them  from 
their  loyalty  failed  for  the  most  part. 

Prisoners  of  war  were  taken  into  active  service  by  the  British, 
a  notable  example  being  the  formation  of  the  Duke  of  Cum- 
berland's Regiment,  sometimes  called  the  Loyal  American  Ran- 
gers, commanded  by  Lord  Charles  Greville  Montague,  formerly 
Governor  of  South  Carolina.  A  large  number  of  prisoners  of 
war  taken  by  the  British  at  the  surrender  of  Charleston  in 
South  Carolina  in  May,  17S0,  and  after  the  defeat  of  Gates  by 
Lord  Cornwallis  at  Camden  on  i6th  August  following,  were 
drafted  into  this  Regiment  in  the  West  Indies  in  February, 
1781.* 

Passing  from  these  random  introductory  notes,  I  take  up 

the  subject  of  this  article,  and  base  my  evidence  on  the  "Old 

j  Bailey  Sessions  Papers"  of  which  a  complete  series  may  be 

j  consulted  in  the  Guildhall  Library  in  London. 

I  The  first  case  is  that  of  Thomas  Cox,  tried  for  forgery  at 

Salisbury  Assizes  in  1773  and  sentenced  to  transportation  to 

America.     He  had  returned  to  England  before  the  expiration 

of  the  term  of   transportation.     His   history  in  the   War  is 

briefly  as  follows :     He  was  engaged  in  business  at  Baltimore 


"Public  Record  Office,  C.0.42/39,ff. 524-5. 
*State  Papers  Domestic,  Military,  29. 


288  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Histarical  Society 

when  a  Captain  Grice,  in  command  of  a  Company  of  Provin- 
cials, entreated  and  almost  insisted  upon  Cox  joining  his  Com-  j 
pany.     Joseph  Thompson,  a  witness   from   Baltimore,   stated  | 
that  Cox  was  not  forced  to  join  the  American  forces,  but  hav-             1 
ing  been  refused  civil  employment  for  his  alleged  loyalty  he             j 
was  compelled  to  do  so  or  submit  to  starvation.     According             i 
to  the  evidence  of  Thompson  those  who  refused  to  join  the             | 
American  militia  were  punished  by  the  usual  tarring  and  feath-             | 
ering.     From  this  invidious  position  both  Thompson  and  Cox             \ 
escaped  by  sailing  on  a  ship  bound  for  Lisbon,  in  which  Cox             I 
worked  his  passage.     This  vessel,  however,  was  captured  at             \ 
Norfolk  in  Virginia,  where  it  was  compelled  to  put  in,  having             | 
sprung  a  leak.     He  was  presumably  allowed  to  continue  the             | 
voyage  upon  the  repair  of  the  ship.     At  his  trial  at  the  Old             ] 
Bailey  Cox  was  found  not  guilty  and  discharged.                                    | 
The  second  case  is  that  of  William  Harding  who  was  tried              j 
for  and  convicted  of  a  highway  robbery  in  1773,  but  after-              I 
wards  received  the  King's  pardon  on  condition  that  he  was  1 
transported  to  America  for  seven  years.     On  arriving  there  he              | 
was  "sold,"  as  he  describes  it,  as  an  indentured  laborer,  to  a              I 
Mr.  Davis,  who  became  a  Captain  in  the  American  Army  and              | 
who  forced  Harding  to  join  him  in  the  army  at  Philadelphia.              I 
After  being  there  for  four  days,  Harding  heard  that  the  British  j 
troops  had  landed  at  the  Head  of  the  Elk  and  he  forthwith  | 
deserted  from  the  Americans,  having  no  wish  to  fight  against              | 
his  King  and  country.     Harding  was,  however,  captured  by              1 
American  light  horse,  put  under  guard  for  desertion  and  sent 
back  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  was  kept  a  prisoner  for  a  month 
after  the  Battle  of  the  Brandywine.     He  was  then  ordered  to 
be  shot  as  a  deserter,  but  escaped  the  extreme  penalty  on  ac- 
cepting General  Washington's  alternative  to  take  the  oath  of 
allegiance   to   America   and   accept   service   in   the   American 
forces.     Rather  than   face  death.   William  Harding  accepted 
these  conditions  and  fought  in  one  battle,  which  he  does  not 
name,  hoping  all  the  time  to  find  an  opportunity  to  escape  once 
again  to  the  British.     The  American  army  having  retreated  to 
a  place,  called  Kensington  by  Harding,  he  remained  there  a 
month,  until  a  deserter  told  him  that  the  British  Commander- 


English  Convicts  in  the  American  Army  289 

in-chief,  Sir  William  Howe,  had  issued  a  proclamation,  offer- 
ing all  deserters  from  the  American  army  a  free  pardon,  upon 
which  Harding  and  six  others  deserted  and  joined  Howe's 
army  in  Philadelphia  and  took  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the 
King.  In  consequence  of  this  proclamation  he  set  sail  for 
England  with  one  Captain  Milne. 

One  William  Wheeler  was   indicted   for  feloniously  being 

at  large  in  the  City  of  London  before  the  expiration  of  the 

term  for  which  he  had  received  sentence  to  be  transported  on 

31  October,  1775.     Prisoner's  defense  was  that  he  had  been 

living  in  Virginia,  where  he  was  forced  to  take  up  arms  against 

the  British  forces  at  Boston,  but  he  declined  to  fight  against 

his  King  and  country.     An  attempt  was  made  to  cajole  him  by 

picturing  him  as  a  slave  transported  by  a  tyrannical  system, 

but  to  this  cajolery  his  answer  was  that  he  did  not  think  "he 

was  hard  done  by"  in  being  transported  as  a  felon.     Wheeler 

was,  however,  drafted  against  his  will  into  the  American  forces, 

and  a  coat  was  put  on  him  with  the  inscription,  "Death  or 

I       Liberty,"  on  one  side  of  it.     While  on  a  march  he  escaped  and 

I       eventually  got  to  Norfolk  in  Virginia,  where  he  settled  until 

?       another  demand  was  made  for  his  services  with  the  Americans. 

[       Escaping  again,  this  felon  reached  a  seaport  and  got  on  board 

I       an    English    vessel   bound    for    England,    only   to   be    appre- 

j       hended  in  the  City  of  London  and  sentenced  to  death  at  the 

Old  Bailey  for  returning  to  England  before  the  conclusion  of 

[        his  term  of  transportation. 

'  The  case  of  an  Englishman,  who  fled  from  Philadelphia  to 

I  England  rather  than  fight  in  the  American  army  and  was 
i  found  guilty  in  December,  1779,  at  the  Old  Bailey  for  theft 
I  of  money  before  Mr.  Justice  Blackstone,  the  celebrated  author 
of  Blackstone's  "Commentaries,"  deserves  passing  notice  here. 
Phineas  Bond,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  an  eminent  lawyer  and 
Loyalist,  of  Philadelphia,  and  Andrew  Allen,  the  exiled  At- 
torney-General for  Pennsylvania,  gave  evidence  in  support  of 
Hudson,  whom  they  had  known  as  an  honest  man  at  Philadel- 
phia, before  they  had  been  compelled  to  quit  there  on  account 
of  their  allegiance  to  the  Crown. 

One  more  example  from  an  unpublished  source  may  be  cited, 
19 


290  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  i 

namely,  that  of  William  Tonks,  gunsmith,  who  was  sentenced  | 
to  death  at  Stafford  Assizes  in  1774,  but  afterwards  transported  1 
to  America  for  fourteen  years;  and  John  Ward  and  Thomas  | 
Allen,  both  gunsmiths,  sentenced  for  common  felony  to  trans-  * 
.portation  for  seven  years.  In  1775  these  three  men  were  \ 
induced  by  American  officers  to  accept  employ nient  as  gun-  /» 
smiths  in  the  American  Army,  but  being  dissatisfied  with  their  \ 
lot  applied  for  protection  to  Governor  Tryon,  of  New  York,  | 
who  sent  them  to  England.  Here  they  were  arrested  for  being  | 
at  large,  but  received  a  free  pardon.^  | 

According  to  a  William  Ellis  a  great  part  of  the  troops  \ 
raised  in  Maryland  were  convicts  and  indented  servants,  who  t 
seized  every  opportunity  to  desert.^  \ 

The  carrying  of  a  shipload  of  convicts  across  the  Atlantic  ] 
was  a  hazardous  business.  An  exciting  affair  occurred  in  Au-  | 
gust,  1783,  shortly  before  the  termination  of  the  War,  when  I 
the  "Swift"  was  bound  for  Halifax  in  Nova  Scotia  with  a  cargo  | 
of  143  men  and  women  convicts.  Just  after  leaving  the  Downs  \ 
several  convicts  managed  to  release  themselves  from  their  | 
irons  and  rushed  out  from  between  decks  into  the  Captain's  j 
cabin  and  bound  the  captain  and  mate,  as  well  as  the  crew  of  | 

eighteen.     The  vessel  was  sailed  by  the  convicts  towards  the         | 
English  coast,  between  Dungeness  and  Rye,  where  they  cast  | 

anchor.     Here  the  boats  were  hoisted  out  and  forty-eight  con-  j 

victs  escaped  on  shore.       The  remainder,   fearing  danger  to  \ 

themselves  if  the  wind  should  get  up,  released  the  crew,  who  j 

navigated  the  ship  into  Portsmouth.     Thirty-seven  of  the  con-  \ 

victs  were  afterward  captured  and  sentenced  to  death  at  the 
Old  Bailey. 

The  chief  interest  in  these  notes  is  that  the  Americans  had  no 
compunction  in  forcing  English  convicts  in  America  into  their 
army,  so  long  as  they  could  be  of  any  practical  service.  For 
many  years  before  the  outbreak  of  the  War  in  1775,  America 
was  the  dumping  ground  for  the  convicts,  and  it  would  be  an 
interesting  story  if  the  careers  of  the  large  number  of  these 


•C.0.5/iS4.ff.i  14-118. 

'Letter  from  Ellis  to  Governor  Eden,  July  23,  1777,  "Maryland  Hist. 
Mag.,"  Vol.  II,  p.  109. 


Judge  Syvimes  on  Indian  Hostilities  291 

men  could  be  traced.  Many,  perhaps,  fought  with  maHcious  joy 
against  their  own  fellow-countrymen,  as  representatives  of 
the  Kingly  authority  which  had  condemned  them  to  the  ardu- 
ous life  of  a  convict,  a  virtual  slave,  in  a  foreign  land,  while  oth- 
ers took  up  the  sword  with  reluctance  and  with  genuine  pain. 
In  the  latter  class  were  to  be  found  deserters  from  the  Ameri- 
can army,  especially  after  Howe's  proclamation  offering  a  free 
pardon  to  deserters,  previously  mentioned. 

^W  fe?*  ^*  fc?* 

JUDGE  SYMMES  ON  INDIAN  HOSTILITIES 

One  of  some  early  letters  now  in  possession  of  the  New 
Jersey  Historical  Society  was  written  in  1790,  from  Lexington 
by  Judge  John  Cleves  Symmes,  the  well-known  Jerseyman 
who  removed  to  Ohio  about  1788,  when  he  was  appointed  by 
Congress  to  act  as  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Northwest  Terri- 
tory. Judge  Symmes  was  one  of  the  Sussex  county,  N.  J., 
Judges  before  the  Revolution  and  until  1777,  when  he  became 
a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  this  State,  serving  until 
1783.  The  "Lexington,"  from  which  he  dates  his  letter,  we 
cannot  suppose  to  be  the  present  small  town  of  Lexington,  in 
Richland  county,  Ohio,  but  Lexington,  in  Kentucky,  as  his 
daughter,  the  wife  of  Major  Peyton  Short,  resided  in  that 
locality,  and,  he  says,  he  had  been  visiting  her. 

Elias  Boudinot,  to  whom  the  letter  was  directed,  was  one  of 
his  associates  in  the  purchase  of  a  large  tract  of  land  in  Ohio. 
He  was  the  well-known  patriot  of  that  name,  who  had  resided 
at  Elizabeth,  this  State  (although  the  letter  is  directed  to  him 
at  New  York),  He  had  been  President  of  the  Continental 
Congress  (i782-'3),  and  was  a  member  of  the  United  States 
Congress  from  1789  to  1795;  during  that  period  and  later  he 
resided  at  Burlington.  The  letter  speaks  for  itself.  Of  course 
the  reason  for  it  lay  in  the  fact  that  Mr.  Boudinot  was  influen- 
tial in  Congress  and  Judge  Symmes  desired  him  to  have  that 
body  view  the  Indians  of  the  Northwest  as  only  enemies  to 
civilization,  who  should  be  dealt  with  harshly. 


292  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society  1 

"Lexington,  May  the  ist,  1790.  \ 

"1  make  no  doubt,  my  dear  Sir,  of  your  receiving  multiplied  ] 
accounts  of  Indian  hostilities  in  all  parts  of  this  country;  no  j 
corner  escapes  their  ravages;  murders,  piracies  and  rob-  \ 
beries,  both  on  land  and  the  rivers,  are  every  day  perpetrated  1 
by  the  savages.  I  believe,  of  every  western  nation,  however  { 
some  of  them  may  pretend  to  peace  and  friendship.  The  fact  ; 
indubitably  is  that  the  young  men  of  every  nation  and  tribe  \ 
embrace  every  occasion  of  going  to  war.  It  is  the  only  path  to  j 
honor  and  repute  among  them.  They  have  no  ambition  for  ] 
wealth — they  have  no  thirst  for  science.  They  have  no  value  i 
for  a  man  of  moderation  and  virtue;  they  have  no  means  of  \ 
acquiring  so  much  property  as  a  state  of  nature  demands,  but  I 
by  plundering  their  neighbors — the  white  people.  They  are  i 
idle  in  the  extreme  and  yet  they  must  live ;  they  must  have  arms  1 

and  ammunition,  but  know  not  how  to  attain  them  so  easily  I 
as  by  war  and  theft.  They  kill  men  and  take  their  riiles;  1 
they  steal  horses  and  sell  them  at  Detroit,  or  to  British  traders  j 

for  blankets  and  ammunition.  ] 

"And  can  nothing  arouse  the  government  to  avenge  the  na-  » 

tion  of  these  insults?     Must  the  people  of  the  Western  coun-  i 

try  forever  submit  to  these  provocations?     Will  nothing  but  i 

vain  treaties  suffice,  when  repeated  experiment  shows  us  the  | 

futility?     Pray,  Sir,  turn  your  eyes  to  the  blood-stained  banks  \ 

of  the  Tennessee;  what  is  the  voice  of  the  blood  of  our  late  ■] 
worthy  friend,  Major  Doughty,  and  those  brave  slaughtered  j 

soldiers  with  him?     Was  he  not  going  to  the  Indian  country  \ 

with  the  olive  branch  in  his  hand?     From  the  Mississippi  to  j 

the  Big  Beaver  not  a  village,  not  a  neighborhood,  but   can  \ 

point  you  the  place  where,  and  name  you  the  person,  and  give  ^ 

you  the  time  when,  one  or  many  of  its  inhabitants  fell  victims  I 

to   savage  barbarities.  I 

"I  will  not  attempt  an  enumeration  of  these  murders  for  I 

they  really  are  not  to  be  counted  up  by  an  individual.     This  \ 

you  may  rely  on,  my  good  Sir,  that  whatever  may  be  pretended  | 

to  the  contrary,  the  Indians  are  generally  hostile  through  all  | 

the  western  nations ;   they  may  pretend  peace,  but  their  safety  1 

dictates  this,  that  they  may  war  with  impunity.  1 

"Chiefs  of  the  Shawnees,  Wyandots  and  Delawares  have  | 

been  with  me  at  various  times  in  the  preceding  year.      I  always  | 

endeavored  to  inculcate  harmony  and  friendship  with  them  and  1 

at  no  inconsiderable  expence  of  property.     They  always  prom-  j 

ised   fair,  but  how  have  they  kept  their  promises!*     In   the  j 

space  of  one  year  past  they  have  killed  nine  men  at  Miami,  \ 

made  three  prisoners,  and  stolen  upwards  of  fifty  horses  from  ! 


Witches  in  Neiv  Jersey  293 

the  settlers  on  the  purchase.  And  if  this  is  the  treatment  which 
they  bestow  on  those  with  whom  they  avow  to  Hve  in  peace, 
what  then  must  be  their  depredations  against  the  district  of 
Kentucky,  inhabited  by  a  people  who,  from  the  long  and  set- 
tled inveteracy  borne  against  them  by  the  Indians,  are  called 
the  Big-Knife,  against  whom  not  a  single  Indian  will  hesitate 
to  tell  you  that  they  wage  eternal  war? 

"I  flatter  myself  that  by  this  time  you  begin  at  leas*-  to  pause 
and  to  doubt  whether  it  may  not  be  true  that  the  Indian  tribes 
are  hostile  as  nations.  I  left  Miami  on  the  19th  of  last  month; 
have  been  but  twelve  days  from  home,  on  a  visit  to  my  daugh- 
ter, Mrs.  Short,  and  by  the  enclosed  you  will  see  that  one  of 
our  citizens  at  Northbend  has  been  killed  by  the  Indians  and 
that  within  sight  of  the  houses  and  within  the  City  limits,  as 
I  remember  the  place  and  very  stump  where  the  Indian  lay.  I 
learn  that  many  settlers  have  fled  to  Louisville  on  this  occasion, 
from  Miami. 

"Give  me  leave,  my  dear  Sir,  to  conclude  by  saying  that  noth- 
ing short  of  a  formidable  campaign  carried  into  the  heart  of 
their  country  will  ever  give  us  peace. 

"I  am  with  every  sentiment  of  respect. 
"Your  obedient  servant, 

"Hon'ble  Mr.  Boudinot.  Jno.  C.  Symmes." 

[Addressed  to  "The  Hon'ble  Elias  Boudinot,  Esquire,  New 
York.     By  the  care  of  Capt.  Howell"]. 

(^*  t,5*  ^S^  ^* 

WITCHES  IN  NEW  JERSEY 

BY  JOSEPH  FULFOBD  FOLSOM,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

Whether  in  the  mystic  Orient,  the  jungles  of  Africa,  re- 
ligious Europe,  or  primitive  America,  always  and  everywhere 
the  witch  and  her  craft  essentially  have  been  the  same.  The 
variations  and  modifications  have  been  many,  but  back  of  it  all 
are  certain  characteristic  types  of  the  black  art  which  pos- 
sibly had  their  origin  in  Adam's  experience  with  the  notorious 
serpent  whose  witchery,  or  wizardry,  upset  the  domestic  status 
quo  of  the  first  domestic  circle.  After  this  dramatic  appear- 
ance of  Exhibit  A  in  the  evidence,  history  proceeded  to  record 
an  unending  list  of  others,  all  presumably  related  directly  or 
collaterally  to  the  distinguished  A,  but  modified  by  geographical, 
racial,  religious,  intellectual,  temperamental  or  literary  condi- 


294  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  I 

tions  and  circumstances.     No  doubt  the  makers  of  history  have  | 

made   wrong  judgments   and  mistakenly   have   accused  good  I 

folks  of  being  witches,  or  have  without  good  reason  attributed  I 

mysterious   happenings  to   the   black   art;    but   the   resultant  | 

comedies  or  tragedies  are  now  past  revision,  though  not  past  j 

being  a  warning,  and  the  subject  is  become  a  romantic  re-  } 

search  rather  than  a  scientific  investigation.  \ 

The    compiler    of    the    following    unorganized    medley    of  * 

sketches  of   witchcraft  in  New   Jersey   would   preface  them  i 

with  the  statement  that  years  ago  they  were  mostly  gathered  | 

through  conversation  with  older  people  and  may  claim  orig-  | 

inality.     Though  unscientifically  considered  they  at  least  re-  | 

veal  what  New  Jersey  witchcraft  was,  and  what  New  Jersey  \ 

people  thought  about  it.     The  hunt  for  material  revealed  that  \ 

usually  the  informants  at  first  felt  a  reluctance  to  admit  they  | 

ever  had  been  interested  in  witches,  wizards  or  witch  stories;  | 

and  as  often  prefaced  the  interview  with  the  solemn  assertion  | 

that  they  did  not  believe  in  such  things.     Further  conversa-  I 

tion,  invited  by  reassuring  disavowals  of  any  suspicions  on  ] 

the  part  of  the  visitor  that  they  ever  did  hold  such  beliefs,  | 

brought  out  many  good  old  stories  that  probably  had  been  \ 

taboo  in  the  most  intelligent  families  except  around  the  inti-  | 

mate  fireplace,  or  were  heard  only  among  the  "old  boys"  gath-  < 

ered  at  the  country  store.     Some  of  the  best  of  the  materials,  | 

however,  came  from  the  best  educated  and  most  refined  folks.  | 

Their  intelligent  comment  was  of  more  value  and  accuracy  than  j 

the  crude,  garbled  accounts  of  some  others.  1 

The  stories  told  show  the  popular  view  of  witches,  wizards  I 

and  illusions.     They  evidence  certain  characteristics  going  to  ■ 

prove  European  influence  as  well  as  influences  derived  from 
American  Indian  sources. 

The  witchcraft  delusion  in  New  Jersey  was  a  sober  convic- 
tion, a  drama,  often  a  comedy,  but  rarely  a  tragedy.  There 
were  no  persecutions  here  as  in  New  England.  The  people  of 
Salem  in  their  day  killed  their  witches,  but  the  dwellers  behind 
the  Palisades  took  them  much  less  seriously.  One  Salem 
witchcraft  delusion  was  quite  enough  for  the  New  World,  and 
our  fathers  who  peopled  these  hills  and  valleys  had  the  benefit 
of  that  tragic  lesson  without  the  cost  of  experience. 


Witches  in  New  Jersey  295 

By  very  teinperament  and  mental  equipment  the  Jerseyman 
was  separated  from  fanaticism.  In  him  the  tense  mentality 
of  the  extreme  Puritan  was  somewhat  relaxed  in  the  British  ele- 
ment and  blissfully  absent  in  the  Dutch,  without,  we  like  to 
think,  the  loss  of  a  single  religious  virtue.  He  loved  his  wife, 
his  comfort,  his  pipe  and  his  acres ;  he  loved  his  own  strong 
throb  of  independence  and  the  garden  flowers  gulping  the  sun- 
shine. Moreover,  he  loved  a  religion  which  could  mother 
the  whole  circle.  His  belief  in  witchcraft  did  not  drive  him 
forth  with  the  sword  of  extermination,  nor  cause  him  great 
unrest  of  soul.  While  they  left  his  fields,  his  cattle  and  his 
household  still  unmolested,  he  waked  and  slept  with  a  good 
conscience,  indifferent  to  witches.  But  when  his  corn  was 
blighted,  his  milk  dried  up,  his  butter  checked  or  his  family 
diseased,  he  disquieted  himself  and  took  proper  measures  to 
break  the  charm  or  "burn  the  witch." 

To  a  genuine  Old  Country  witch-burner,  the  Xew  Jersey  way 
of  doing  business  would  have  seemed  insufferably  tame,  if  not 
positively  ridiculous ;  for.  while  the  Jerseymen  had  real  lire  and 
real  witches,  they  were  wanting  in  those  very  necessary  acces- 
sories to  a  proper  exhibition,  the  faggot  and  the  groan.  Here 
the  fire  never  touched  the  witch,  and,  though  that  personage 
usually  showed  the  scars  therefrom,  it  is  a  question  whether 
she  ever  felt  actual  pain.  It  was  all  done  by  proxy.  Some- 
thing signifying  untch  was  burned  and  the  real  culprit  got  the 
scars.  Old  women  reputed  to  be  witches  and  old  men  wiz- 
ards were  frequently  found  when  laid  out  to  be  horribly  tat- 
tooed with  burns  and  scorches  inflicted  through  many  past  at- 
tempts to  bring  them  to  terms.  It  was  believed  that  when  some 
article  belonging  to  these  troublesome  people  was  burned,  the 
scorching  resulting  therefrom  upon  their  bodies  compelled  them 
to  suspend  operations  on  their  victims. 

A  veracious  man  tells  this  story,  related  by  his  parents  years 
ago: 

A  good  housewife,  not  far  from  Somerville,  after  long 
churning  without  any  result,  concluded  that  her  churn-beam 
was  bewitched.  Examination  confirmed  her  opinion,  for  the 
butter  had  been  checked  completely.     A  brief  search  brought 


296  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

forth  an  old  horseshoe,  which  she  laid  on  the  coals  with  the 

1 
greatest  secrecy.     When  it  had  become  red-hot  and  there  was  i 

no  one  about  to  mark  it,  she  dropped  it  sizzling  into  the  milk.  | 

That  settled  the  witch  business  for  her  churn,  but  there  is  more  1 

to  the  story.     A  man  living  thereabouts,  known  to  be  a  wiz-  • 

ard,  from  that  time  forward  carried  on  his  face  the  scar  of  a  i 

horseshoe.     In  her  zeal  to  make  it  hot  for  a  witch  she  had  j 

burned  a  wizard.  1 

This  simple  anecdote  alone  proves  to  every  unbiased  mind  j 

the  gentle  but  effective   character  of   witch-burning  in   New  ■ 

Jersey.  j 

A  slight  modification  of  the  use  of  fire  to  cure  witchery  will  j 

be   remarked   in  the   following  narrative,   vouched    for  by   a  i 

nephew  of  the  leading  figure :  j 

When  the  dam  was  built  at  Greenwood  Lake  many  acres  of  ] 

farm  land  were  submerged.    One  of  these  farms  was  owned  by  | 

a  prosperous  farmer  of  Dutch  descent.    He  was  a  firm  believer  I 

in  witchcraft,  and,  when  night  came  down  on  old  Long  Pond,  j 

many  a  hushed  tale  was  heard  at  his  fireside.     He  often  related  ' 

a  misfortune  he  had  suffered  through  the  black  art.  He  had 
at  one  time  possessed  a  very  fine  cow,  to  which  he  attached 
(which  was  unusual  for  him)  a  sentimental  value.  This  flower 
of  the  herd  one  day  hung  her  head,  lost  the  lustre  of  her  eyes, 
staggered  somewhat,  and  finally  lay  down.  Happily  she  re- 
tained her  cud,  and  that  inspired  hope.  An  animal  that  had 
enjoyed  the  good  care  of  this  one,  could,  in  her  fond  owner's 
mind,  have  no  ordinary  distemper.  It  was  witchcraft.  Some- 
body had  "witched"  her ;  no  other  explanation  would  go.  Re- 
sources were  not  wanting  in  those  days,  and  Uncle  Abram  set 
in  motion  a  sure  course  of  treatment.  With  some  misgivings 
and  no  little  commiseration  he  had  a  small  piece  of  his  pet's 
ear  cut  off  and  carried  to  the  kitchen.  Laid  on  the  ashes  it 
sent  upward  an  incense,  which  hung  about  the  dooryard  for  a 
while  and  then  dispersed  to  the  four  winds.  Leaving  with  his 
good  wife  the  most  positive  injunction  that  she  was  to  feed  no 
one  at  her  door  that  day,  he  went  about  his  many  concerns.  In 
his  absence,  long  enough  after  these  orders  for  his  wife  to  get 
settled  down  to  her  usual  work  and  state  of  mind,  two  inno- 


Witches  in  Nezv  Jersey  297 

cent-appearing  women  knocked  at  the  door  and  requested  a 
little  rest  and  refreshment,  which  was  not  remarkable  in  those 
hospitable  days.  Of  course  they  should  not  go  away  hungry. 
The  pantry  was  taxed,  a  short  chat  was  soon  over,  and  the 
good  old  ladies  passed  down  the  road. 

When  Uncle  Abram  ate  his  supper  that  evening  he  learned 
incidently  of  this  visit,  and  with  some  feeling  at  once  declared 
them  witches,  prophesying  gloomily  the  doom  of  his  heifer. 
Silence  fell  upon  the  household,  and  during  the  night  the  witch- 
plagued  animal  stiflfened  out  dead.  As  he  explained  it  so  often 
in  happier  days,  the  feeding  of  these  two  women,  who  were 
witches,  neutralized  his  efforts.  They  had  smelled  the  witch 
smoke  from  a  distance  and  had  been  drawn  to  the  house.  Had 
they  been  sent  away  hungry,  their  spell,  according  to  his  firm 
belief,  would  have  been  broken ;  the  cow  would  have  lived. 

We  submit  again  to  the  fair-minded  antiquarian  our  opinion 
that  such  a  narrative  as  the  preceding  one  leaves  no  doubt  as 
to  the  orthodoxy  of  our  local  fathers  on  the  witch  question.  It 
is  true  their  zeal  lacked  in  realistic  detail,  but  we  can  fall  back 
on  a  good  old  text  that  suggests  mercy  to  be  better  than  burn- 
ings. Thus  we  have  presented  some  explanation  to  the  seem- 
ingly absurd  statement,  that  in  New  Jersey  they  burned  witches 
without  faggots. 

In  gathering  material  for  a  "Witch  Lore  of  New  Jersey," 
the  collator  of  these  stories  could  not  but  remark  the  oft- 
times  vague  notions  betrayed  by  his  clientage  on  the  personality 
of  witches.  Many  had  never  beheld  a  witch,  nor  had  tlieir  an- 
cestors left  them  any  description  sufficiently  precise  to  discover 
one.  They  had,  perhaps,  a  general  notion  of  some  old  woman 
who  lived  in  some  indefinite  locality,  or  of  some  eccentric  itin- 
erant who  passed  for  a  wizard,  but  beyond  this  they  knew  lit- 
tle. The  witch  was  better  known  through  her  arts  than  her 
person.  For  the  benefit  of  the  curious  we  shall  suggest  some 
of  the  characteristics  which,  as  avouched  by  intelligent  men  and 
women  still  among  us,  go  to  make  up  a  real  witch.  Afterward 
we  shall  more  briefly  describe  a  wizard. 

There  is  really  nothing  original  in  the  New  Jersey  witch, 
nor  have  we  ever  heard  of  a  Jerseyman  to  claim  her  to  be  better 


298  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

or  worse  than  her  sisterhood  of  other  times  and  lands.  She 
might  live  under  a  hill,  in  the  heart  of  the  woods,  or  even  in 
some  farm  tenement  on  a  back  road.  Usually  she  dwelt  at  a 
distance,  which  always  lends  mystery  as  well  as  enchantment. 
The  witch  that  lived  near  by  served  the  needs  of  the  next  vil- 
lage. Occasionally,  however,  one  did  live  near  folks,  but  her 
reputation  for  magic  was  apt  to  fall  into  contempt  through  fa- 
miliarity, though  her  scoldings  and  peculiarities  were  ungrudg- 
ingly acknowledged.  Her  proportions  were  spare  and  angular, 
her  nose  running  rather  to  the  Roman  mould,  and  from  a  profile 
view  it  was  usually  a  little  forward  of  her  bonnet.  Her  loco- 
motion might  be  conveniently  characterized  as  hobbling  by  day 
and  gliding  by  night.  Her  chief,  not  to  say  inevitable,  occupa- 
tion in  public  was  spinning,  and,  though  her  industry  was  seem- 
ingly enormous,  the  disposal  of  the  product  was  unknown.  She 
inclined  to  a  very  black  tobacco  pipe,  and  kept  a  black  cat  at  her 
feet;  and  the  sight  of  her  sitting  at  dusk  before  her  hovel  door 
was  true  to  the  oldest  description.  It  was  this  style  of  witch, 
modified  in  details  by  different  minds  and  in  different  locali- 
ties, which  dwelt  in  our  hamlets  and  lived  in  the  imagination  of 
our  fathers.  She  drank  many  a  cup  of  good  tea  poured  to  re- 
tain'her  favor  by  credulous  housewives.  She  received  many  a 
candle  and  many  a  loaf,  and  found  shelter  in  many  a  chimney 
corner  through  the  dread  of  her  wrath. 

That  the  foregoing  statem.ents  may  not  seem  merely  random, 
and  that  the  scientific  character  of  the  collator's  researches 
may  be  vindicated,  if  need  be,  we  venture  to  relate  briefly  this 
true  anecdote: 

There  was  an  old  pipe-smoking  witch  at  Belvidere  who  lived 
to  the  advanced  age  of  ninety-three  years.  She  one  time  re- 
quested that  a  little  baby  boy  belonging  to  a  respectable  family 
in  that  place  be  allowed  to  sleep  with  her.  The  parents  most 
positively  refused  this  request,  not  perhaps  without  some  fore- 
bodings. The  angered  beldame  declared  with  froth  that  she 
"would  put  a  gloom  on  that  house"  and  departed.  The  baby, 
then  but  seven  weeks  old,  began  to  fail  and  continued  sickly 
till  it  was  a  year  old,  seemingly  near  to  death.  A  good  neigh- 
bor who  was  keen  in  such  matters  advised  the  woman  to  con- 


Witches  in  New  Jersey  299 

ciliate  the  witch  by  inviting  her  to  her  house,  to  drink  a  cup  of 
tea.  The  anxious  mother  gave  the  invitation,  poured  the  bev- 
erage, and  as  she  drank  besought  her  to  release  her  child. 
After  the  supper  the  witch  took  the  child,  undressed  it  and  blew 
in  its  face.  Then  she  went  home.  From  that  day  the  child 
began  to  mend  and  grew  to  be  quite  hearty.  He  died,  however, 
at  the  age  of  seven  years. 

The  part  played  by  the  cup  of  tea  will  be  noted  by  the  care- 
ful reader,  and  the  simple  faith  of  the  characters  of  the  story  is 
indicative  of  the  common  belief  in  witchcraft  in  the  days  gone 
by.  Only  those  who  have  no  historic  consciousness  will  scoff 
or  commiserate  a  homely  scene  like  this,  for  here,  at  least,  was 
a  real  suffering  child  and  an  anxious  mother.  Besides,  our 
fathers  and  mothers  had  not  gotten  much  beyond  John  Wes- 
ley, who  said  in  the  year  1768:  "The  giving  up  of  witchcraft 
[the  belief  in]  is,  in  effect,  giving  up  the  Bible."  And  they 
dragged  faggots  in  Alexico  as  late  as  1873. 

Character,  however  estimable,  may  have  its  limitations.  The 
limit  to  patience  of  the  oldtime  New  Jersey  housewife  was 
often  strained  on  churning  days.  In  those  back  years,  with  a 
woman  at  the  beam,  butter-making  under  normal  conditions 
•was  not  considered  hard,  but  when,  as  was  firmly  believed,  a 
witch  got  into  a  churn,  stopping  the  butter  sometimes  for  hours, 
then  it  was  labor  indeed.  Whenever  this  misfortune  entered  a 
household,  composure  fled,  and  the  harassed  housewife,  with 
a  score  of  duties  dragging  behind,  pounded  and  tugged  and 
fretted  like  any  other  mortal.  Why  a  witch  should  plague 
womankind  no  man  can  say,  but  her  preference  for  churns  is 
■not  strange.  The  churn  was  at  the  centre  of  the  domestic 
economy,  and  a  blow  there  sent  ripples  throughout  the  circle. 
And  other  reasons  there  were,  more  covetous  than  mischievous, 
■which  will  appear  later. 

With  some  it  was  the  churn-beam,  while  other  localities  had 
it  that  the  churn  itself  as  a  whole  was  bewitched,  the  effect  be- 
ing the  same.  The  methods  for  disenchantment  also  differed 
and  are  of  interest  to  the  close  student  of  folk  customs. 

A  redhot  horseshoe  was  the  chief  and  most  popular  remedy. 
The  manner  of  its  use  seems  to  have  differed  in  localities. 


300  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Usually  it  was  heated  in  the  fireplace  or  stove,  and  dropped  into 
the  churn,  making  the  milk  sputter  and  boil.  This,  as  the  be- 
lief had  it,  "burned  out  the  witch,"  and  allowed  the  butter  to 
come.  Sometimes  it  was  stated  rather  facetiously  that  the 
witch  sat  down  upon  the  horseshoe  and  suffered  in  consequence, 
but  such  wit  must  be  a  later  addition  made  at  a  time  when  the 
black  art  was  less  respected.  The  idea  that  the  use  of  the 
horseshoe  must  be  secret  prevailed  in  some  regions.  The  whole 
attempt  at  disenchantment  must  be  under  cover,   for  in  the  I 

event  of  anyone's  seeing  it,  the  cure  would  fail.  Probably  it 
was  not  expected  that  this  act  could  be  hidden  from  the  witch, 
for  if  she  could  get  into  a  churn  without  being  seen,  certainly 
she  ought  to  be  able  to  spy  a  thing  or  two  about  the  house.    It  i 

is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  this  condition  of  secrecy,  like  the  \ 

wit,  is  a  later  growth,  developing  when  the  skeptical  smirk  of  \ 

a  neighbor  was  dreaded  by  the  faithful.    In  earlier  times  there  i 

could  have  been  no  need  of  hiding  from  each  other  such  im-  \ 

portant    measures,   especially   when   everybody   would   expect  | 

them  to  be  used.  | 

Two  fair  questions  might  be  asked  at  this  stage :    Was  the  | 

treatment  described  actually  used,  and  did  it  cure  when   so  I 

applied  ?    Both  could  be  answered  generally  by  saying  that  for  J 

the  hundreds  of  people  who  imagined  their  churns  "witched,"  \ 

perhaps  not  two  would  go  so  far  as  to  make  such  trouble,  and  \ 

the  number  that  would  take  witchery  into  practical  considera- 
tion was,  of  course,  limited. 

Here  is  a  story  from  the  lips  of  an  elderly  but  erect  and 
vigorous  former  resident  of  Somerset  county.  He  and  his 
wife  churned  one  day  till  noon  without  any  result,  and,  almost 
discouraged,  decided  with  more  or  less  faith  to  try  the  hot 
horseshoe  to  drive  out  the  witch,  if,  indeed,  one  were  charming 
the  churn.  He  had  bought  but  recently  a  number  of  machine- 
made  shoes,  which  had  never  been  fitted  to  any  hoof,  and  were 
perfectly  clean.  One  of  these  was  made  red-hot  and  dropped 
into  the  stubborn  fluid.  Immediately  there  was  a  commotion 
of  sputtering  and  sizzling  so  violent  that  the  milk  welled  up  out 
of  the  churn,  and  caused  them  to  clap  the  top  on  at  once  to  save 
it.     This  agitation  seemed  mysterious,  and  partly  confirmed 


Witches  in  New  Jersey  301 

their  suspicion  of  witchery.  They  then  began  to  churn  and  the 
butter  was  there  in  twenty  minutes,  and  was  apparently  of  ex- 
cellent quality.  But  they  were  distrustful  of  it  and  could  not 
get  themselves  to  use  it.  They  tasted  it  slightly;  declared  it 
good ;  but  it  went  to  the  wagon-house  for  the  base  use  of  greas- 
ing axles.  In  explaining  why  they  did  not  eat  the  butter,  the 
narrator  first  reaffirmed  the  cleanness  of  the  iron  used,  and 
reiterated  that  the  butter  was  most  sweet  to  the  taste,  and  then 
said :   "We  thought  it  best  to  be  on  the  safe  side." 

If  the  assertion,  that  in  the  age  when  they  make  machine 
horseshoes  men  still  believe  in  magic,  is  scouted,  we  can  only 
retort,  "They  didn't  eat  the  butter,"  and  leave  the  reason  to 
other  minds. 

The  heating  of  the  milk,  of  course,  would  tend  to  accelerate 
the  butter,  for  hot  water  is  sometimes  used  with  the  same  good 
result.  But  there  was  a  time  years  ago  when  such  a  material- 
istic explanation  would  have  been  scouted. 

Another  usage  was  this :  To  burn  the  impression  of  the  shoe 
on  the  bottom  of  the  churn  when  empty,  leaving  thus  a  per- 
manent counter-spell  against  all  magic  visitants.  A  gentleman 
of  Newark  remembers  well  this  efficacious  antidote  in  his 
grandfather's  churn  in  Morris  county.  Around  West  Milford 
they  used  another  instrument  of  cure.  They  drove  out  the 
witch  by  beating  the  churn  with  a  hickory  stick.  A  method  so 
convenient  and  simple  was  presumably  less  effective,  for  we 
hear  little  about  it.    It  was  incidental  to  the  more  general  way. 

It  is  a  strange  fact,  but  a  true  one,  that  a  gentleman  who 
was  brought  up  in  a  certain  valley  where  the  tradition  of  the 
horseshoe  was  certainly  known  and  repeated,  said  that  he  had 
never  heard  of  its  use,  but  had  heard  of  putting  a  knife  under 
the  churn  to  drive  out  the  disturber ;  it  being  supposed  the  witch 
did  not  like  steel.  This  practice  must  have  been  strictly  local, 
if  not  confined  to  a  family  or  two. 

Off  on  Somerville  Mountain  there  once  lived  an  eccentric 
negro  character,  who  got  the  unenviable  reputation  of  being  a 
witch.  Events  seemed  to  prove  the  justice  of  the  common 
opinion,  for  her  visits  to  the  neighboring  farmhouses  were 
attended  with  ill-luck.     She  chose  churning  days  and  made  it  a 


302  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

habit  to  assist  in  the  work  if  allowed  to  do  so.     A  resident  of 
the  neighborhood  has  vouched  for  the  fact,  however  explain-         | 
able,  that  when  this  woman  touched  her  churn-beam  the  but-  ] 

ter  was  always  retarded,  if  not  stopped  altogether.     When  it  j 

was  given  up,  in  despair,  the  witch  solicited  and  got  the  butter-  i 

milk,  which,  as  was  learned,  she  afterward  churned  out  sue-  \ 

cessfully  at  home.     Here  we  have  the  covetous  type  of  witch,         j 
using  her  arts   for  mercenary  ends.     Better  the  broomstick  I 

rider,  or  the  out-and-out  Salemshocker  than  this  commercial  j 

half-sister.     This  same  character  once  requested  the  good  wo-  \ 

man,  whose  milk  she  plagued,  to  give  her  a  little  glass  vase,  ; 

much  prized,  that  stood  on  the  mantel.     The  request  was  re-  \ 

fused ;  consequently  a  day  or  two  later  the  vase  was  found  to  | 

be  cracked,  no  one  in  the  house  having  disturbed  it.  I 

We  leave  the  churns  at  this  place,  with  the  conviction  grow-  = 

ing  stronger  with  accumulating  evidence,  that  should  witches  j 

ever  be  called  to  account  for  their  misdeeds,  not  the  least  of  | 

their  deserts  will  fall  upon  them  for  their  meanness  in  keep-  I 

ing  back  New  Jersey  butter.  \ 

The  witch  of  this  State,  like  her  sisterhood  everywhere,  took  \ 

a  cruel  delight  in  harassing,  and  sometimes  killing  domestic  ani-  -; 

mals.     The  farmer's  cherished  stock  was  at  her  mercy,  and  | 

many  a  disaster  came  from  her  interference.     Near  IMendham  a  \ 

covetous  witch,  who  had  been  refused  a  little  pig,  plagued  it  till  \ 

it  could  not  stand  on  its  feet.     Then  she  got  it,  carried  it  home  I 

and  raised  it  to  a  fat  porker.  | 

Up  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State  a  favorite  pastime  with  | 

this  mischievous  folk  was  target  practice  with  cow's  hair-ball.  i 

Cattle  would  die  suddenly,  mysteriously,  and  when  cut  open  | 

would  reveal  the  presence  of  a  bunch  or  ball  of  hair  in  their  I 

stomachs.     These   were   supposed   to  be   shot   into   them   by  j 

witches.  I 

When  a  farmer  found  in  the  morning  his  horses  fagged  out,  I 

with  mane  and  tail  knotted  and  in  disorder,  he  would  some-  1 

times  say  that  witches  had  ridden  them  overnight.     That  he  1 

never  suspected  his  boys,  who  may  have  had  sweethearts  the  I 

other  side  of  the  mountains,  is  more  a  tribute  to  his  orthodoxy  ' 

on  the  witch  question  than  an  evidence  of  a  mistrustful  spirit. 


Witches  in  New  Jersey  303 

One  more  brief  anecdote  will  suffice  to  illustrate  the  belief, 
a  hundred  years  ago,  in  animal  possession. 

One  day,  probably  at  evening,  when  the  sun  had  gone  down 
behind  old  Bear  fort  Mountain,  and  the  light  was  dying  out  and 
leaving  Long  Pond  gray  and  mysterious,  a  farmer  was  in  the 
"swamp"  loading  rails  on  his  heavy  wagon.  He  believed  in 
witchcraft,  and  the  subject  was  a  practical,  not  a  literary,  con- 
cern. Doubtless  to  his  mind  the  writer  of  stories  would  be  put 
down  as  a  little  daft,  while  the  believers  in  magic  would  be 
considered  sensible  citizens.  The  load  was  on,  the  horses 
ready,  the  word  given,  but  there  was  no  start.  The  team  stood 
stockstill.  All  urging,  mild  and  otherwise,  failed  to  move 
them,  until  finally  their  sage  driver  grasped  the  logic  of  the 
situation — the  team  was  bewitched.  Disenchantment  was  then 
begun.  Loosing  his  whiffletrees,  he  drove  the  horses  forward 
a  few  steps,  till  their  tails  were  at  the  end  of  the  wagon-pole,  to 
which,  using  his  halter  strap,  he  lashed  the  whiffletrees.  This 
course  was  intended  to  break  the  charm,  and  immediately  suc- 
cess rewarded  his  clever  ruse.  The  load  started,  and,  presum- 
ably, when  the  charmed  boundary  was  passed,  he  put  things 
back  into  normal  shape,  otherwise  disasters  would  have  followed 
when  some  hill  was  descended.  This  story  was  often  repeated, 
and  we  can  scarcely  doubt  that  in  the  telling  there  was  self- 
pride  commensurate  with  the  successful  exploit. 

Thus  far  we  have  kept  near  to  facts,  dipping  but  sparingly 
into  the  region  of  legend  and  imagination.  Back  in  the  times 
that  have  left  no  evidence  or  living  witnesses,  or  even  tradi- 
tion, there  were  doubtless  greater  credulity  and  more  exciting 
adventures.  We  have  presented  evidential  situations,  leaving 
the  explanation  of  apparent  causes  and  effects  to  the  critic  and 
the  philosopher.  It  has  been  the  aim  of  the  collator  to  find  the 
data  and  tell  the  story.  The  Jerseymen  certainly  believed  years 
ago,  if  not  perhaps  in  a  subtle  sense  to-day,  in  witchcraft. 

One  classic  legend  will  be  enough  to  show  that  there  were 
stories  told  of  the  magic  art  which  lacked  basis  in  fact,  and 
confirmation  in  experience.  Such  were  witch-stories  pure  and 
simple,  made  up  from  the  whole  cloth. 

There  was  a  young  man  living  toward  the  central  part  of  the 


304           Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  I 

i 

State  who  was  possessed  by  a  witch.     He  was  known  to  al-  \ 

tend,  of  course  by  magic  compulsion,  many  dances  at  the  dead  "^ 

of  night.     In  the  wildish  aerial  frolic  his  familiar  witch  was  I 

always  his  partner.     He  attempted  at  times  to  seize  her  and  I 

force  her  to  release  him,  but  always  failed.    He  was  advised  by  1 

a  wiser  head  to  carry  a  halter  to  the  next  meeting  and  at  the  1 

first  opportunity  bridle  his  tormentor.     He  carried  the  halter  5 

and,  when  the  occasion  was  ripe,  he  harnessed  her,  but,  to  bis  I 

amazement,  she  was  transformed,  probably  to  hide  her  identity,  "j 

into  a  horse.     He  led  her  home,  and  the  next  mornins^,  to  1 

'                                                                         to'  j 

further  materialize  his  acquisition,  he  drove  her  to  the  black-  \ 

smith  shop  for  shoeing.     Then,  wonderful  to  relate,  another  \ 

transformation  ensued,  possibly  at  the  magic  touch  of  the  red-  | 

hot  horseshoe,  and  the  blacksmith's  wife  stood  before  them,  a  I 

circumstantially  confessed  witch.     We  need  not  dilate  on  this  j 

evident  fabrication.    It  is  too  smooth  and  symmetrical  to  be  an  | 

historical  event.  I 

We  have  said  enough,  we  trust,  to  bring  the  witch  before  the  \ 

interested  as  a  real  person  that  lived,  ate  and  drank.    We  must  i 

not  pass  by  the  wizard.    In  defining  him,  a  he-witch,  we  state  | 

his  nature  and  place  exactly,  for  he  did  but  imitate,  in  his  \ 

bungling  way,  the  finer  technique  of  the  witch.    He  was  some-  j 

times  called  a  wizard  doctor,  and  in  that  character  eftected  the  I 

cure  of  warts,  wens  and  what-not  through  strange  and  out-  1 

landish  treatments.     He  was  a  combination  herb  doctor,  faith  \ 

curist  and  scientist  healer  in  one,  this  wizard ;  and  every  ec-  i 

centricity  he  could  take  on  was  pressed  into  active  service.    He  i 

was  less  a  mystery  than  the  witch,  and  played  a  minor  part  on  « 

the  stage  of  magic.     He  was  a  traveller,  and  we  miss  in  him  | 

those  picturesque  and  local  touches  which  made  the  witch  in-  1 

teresting.    Plis  antics  over  a  patient  were  sometimes  v.-orthy  a  I 

dancing  dervish.     He  effected  cures,   however,  and  had  the  I 

respect,  if  not  the  esteem,  of  his  contemporaries.     WHien  he  | 

made  trouble  with  his  sorceries,  he  was  burned  as  conscienti-  I 

ously  as  was  the  witch,  but,  being  unable  to  stand  as  much  j 

scorching,  he  played  less  pranks.  j 

These  simple  stories  of  old-time  beliefs  are  inseparable  from  j 

any  true  study  of  human  character  in  all  ages.     The  people  j 


A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  305 

who  told  them  were  generally  honest  and  faithful,  and  con- 
science and  the  duties  of  life  suffered  no  whit  by  their  harm- 
less imaginings.  To  some  the  preservation  of  folk-lore  may 
seem  profitless,  but  others  will  say  that  humanity  is  one,  re- 
gardless of  age  or  place,  and  that  whatever  has  affected,  moved 
or  interested  mankind  is  worth  knowing,  and  should  not  be 
indifferent  to  this  age  which  has  problems  as  momentous  as  had 
the  past. 

t^f  c?*  ^*  i^w 

A  YOUNG  MAN'S  JOURNAL  OF  1800-1813 

[Continued  from  Page  216] 

We  continue  extracts  from  this  Journal  for  the  years  1804 
and  1805,  using,  however,  only  such  as  give  names  of  persons 
or  events  which  may  be  of  interest  in  one  way  or  another  to 
some  of  our  readers.  Besides  showing  the  slowness  of  meth- 
ods of  travel  in  those  days,  the  enjoyments  of  life  in  the  Win- 
ter season  and  the  methods  of  elections,  there  are  quaint  and 
amusing  reflections,  and  also  good  lessons  of  thrift.  It  is  again 
to  be  called  to  mind  that  the  writer  was  only  twenty-five,  and 
already  a  successful  merchant  and  great  traveller. 

"1804,  Jan.  2. — Major  Anderson  and  I  went  to  Col.  Con- 
over's.  At  3  Mr.  Halstead,  the  Major  and  I  started  for  Frank- 
ford;  arrived  there  at  sunset;  went  to  Deckertowu  and,  at  9 
P.  M.,  met  at  Mr.  Hull's,  where  we  had  an  elegant  ball. 

"15. — This  day  Jacob  S.  Thomson,  Esq.,  Brother  Johnny  and 
I  started  for  Milford,  for  the  purpose  of  going  to  Brother  Sam- 
my's wedding,  which  is  to  take  place  to-morrow  evening.  Got 
to  Mr.  De  Puy's  at  2  P.  M.  Arrived  at  Milford  at  6  P.  M. 
Walked  up  to  Col.  Brodhead's  and  spent  the  evening. 

"16. — After  taking  a  sleigh  ride  with  the  ladies  we  all  re- 
paired to  the  house,  where  the  bride  lived,  to  wit,  John  Brod- 
head,  Esq.,  her  brother-in-law,  and  at  7  o'clock  P.  M.  the  Rev. 
William  Grandin  tied  that  connubial  and  eternal  knot  which 
nothing  but  death  can  remove. 

"17. — In  the  evening  we   all   repaired  to   General   Seely's, 

20 


3o6  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  1 

\ 

where  the  whole  of  the  ladies  and  gents  in  town  assembled.  At  i 

9  an  elegant  ball  was  opened  in  due  form.  I 

"26. — In  the  evening  the  gentlemen  and  ladies  of  Newton  I 

gave  an  elegant  ball  at  Dr.  Joseph  I.  Hendries.  | 

"2-;. — Messrs.  Brodhead  and  Johnson  started  for  Milford.  | 

In  the  evening  Mr.  Thomson,  Mr.  Stoll  and  myself  by  invita-  \ 

tion  went  to  Deckertown  and  there  joined  a  party  from  Goshen,  I 

Frankford,  etc. ;  had  another  ball.  | 

"29. — At  4  P.  M.  Mr.  Edw.  Sharp  and  I  started  for  Harris-  j 

burg;    stayed  all  night  at  Marksborough.  | 

"30. — Started  on,  arrived  at  Changewater  at  2  P.  M.  \ 

"31. — Mr.  Robert  C.  Thomas  and  I  rode  to  Oxford  Furnace;  | 

shot  some  fine  partridges  and  returned.     Found  j\lr.  Shaver  1 

and  Dr.  Hughes  at  Changewater  in  the  evening  with  their  I 

wives,  as  also  Miss  Nancy  Hughes  and  Miss  Hetty  Johnson.  | 

At  6  P.  M.  we  all  started  for  Major  Roberdeau's.    Mr.  John-  \ 

son.  Miss  Nancy,  Miss  Hetty,  and  Miss  Susan  V.  Woodruff  '3 

(who  had  come  to  Changewater  a  few  days  since  from  Tren-  \ 

ton)  and  myself  got  into  one  sleigh  and  the  residue  in  two  j 

more.  ' 

"Feb.  I. — Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomson,  Miss  Susan  Woodruff 
and  myself  rode  over  in  the  sleigh.  In  the  afternoon  Mrs. 
Roberdeau,  accompanied  by  Major  Roberdeau  with  the  Ger- 
man flute,  etc.,  played  on  the  piano  forte. 

"5- — Rode  up  with  Doctor  Fowler,  IMiss  Eliza  Anderson  and 
Miss  Nancy  Thomson  to  Franklin  and  to  Hamburg  with  the 
Doctor. 

"6. — In  the  forenoon  Jacob  S.  Thomson,  the  ladies  and  my- 
self went  to  Hamburg,  spent  the  day  at  Mr.  Lawrence's  and 
Ryerson's  and  returned  to  Newton.  Had  the  pleasure  of  seeing 
Miss  Susan  Bray  at  Doctor  Hendries;  a  charming,  beautiful 
girl. 

"7. — After  breakfast  took  IMiss  Eliza  Anderson  to  Change- 
water  in  the  sleigh. 

"Mar.  II. — Started  for  Minisink  for  the  purpose  of  rent- 
ing the  brick  house  stand,  in  order  to  move  to  that  place,  as 
there  appears  to  be  a  grand  vacancy  for  business.  Stayed  all 
night  at  Baldwin's. 


A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  307 

"12. — Rode  up  to  Roger  Clark's.  Saw  Austin  &  Granger; 
made  proposals  to  buy  them  out;  their  good  will  amounts  to 
about  $1,500. 

"13. — This  day  rented  of  Jonathan  Dexter,  Esq.,  the  whole 
property  at  White  Brook,  brick  house,  store,  etc. 

"14. — Bought  out  Austin  &  Granger  at  prime  cost. 

"Nov.  2'/. — Court  opened  at  twelve  o'clock ;  got  Jo.  Mullinor 
indicted  for  breaking  gaol.  Shall  now  have  him  tried  on  the 
two  indictments  of  breaking  our  store  and  the  breaking  of 
prison. 

"28. — Had  Jo.  Mullinor  brought  to  the  Bar  and  charged  on 
the  first  indictment ;  plea  not  guilty.  Judge  Kirkpatrick  as- 
signed tomorrow  at  10  o'clock  for  his  trial.  I  feed  Aaron 
Ogden,  Esq.,  and  Isaac  Williamson,  Esq. 

"29. — At  10  o'clock  came  on  the  trial  of  Jo.  Mullinor,  and, 
after  hearing  the  evidence  and  the  pleadings  of  the  four  at- 
torneys employed  in  the  cause,  at  3  P.  M.  the  jury  retired  to 
make  up  their  verdict  and,  after  a  few  minutes,  they  returned 
and  brought  in  the  prisoner  "guilty." 

"30. — At  10  o'clock  according  to  appointment,  the  prisoner 
was  brought  to  the  Bar  to  receive  his  sentence.  To  the  second 
indictment  he  pleaded  guilty.  The  Court  then  sentenced  him 
to  three  years  solitary  imprisonment  at  hard  labor  in  the  State 
Prison.  The  sentence  is  too  mild.  Never  was  there  a  greater 
villain  under  heavens,  that  has  escaped  the  gallows  than  this 
same  Jo.  Mullinor.  He  ought  to  continue  in  the  State  Prison 
the  full  extent  of  the  law. 

"Dec.  24. — This  morning  started  for  Philadelphia.  Went 
in  the  sleigh  in  company  with  Brother  Sammy,  Sister  Rebecca 
and  Mrs.  StoU  to  Newton. 

"26. — At  5  A.  M.  set  out  in  the  stage.  Breakfasted  at  John- 
sonburg;  dined  at  Belvidere;  arrived  at  Easton  at  6  P.  M. 

"27. — At  5  A.  M.  set  out  in  the  Philadelphia  j\Iail  stage.  Pas- 
sengers :  Mrs.  Shields,  Samuel  Longcope  and  two  other  gen- 
tlemen. Breakfasted  at  Davidson's.  Dined  at  Doylestown ; 
arrived  at  Philadelphia  at  ^  past  6  P.  M.  Repaired  to  Mrs. 
Hay's  Inn,  No.  124,  Fourth  St.,  and  took  lodgings. 

"28. — Rode  up  to  Blocley  above  Schoolkill,  to  Wm.  Hamil- 


3o8  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

ton's,  Esq,,  and  returned.  Was  introduced  to  General  [Fred- 
erick]  Muhlenberg. 

"29. — Went  to  business  with  the  greatest  despatch.  This 
evening  was  highly  entertained  at  the  new  theatre.  Saw  Mr. 
Cooper  perform  'Hamlet'  in  the  celebrated  tragedy  of  that 
name;    his  first  appearance  since  he  arrived  from  Europe. 

"30. — Purchased  at  auction  and  elsewhere  an  elegant  assort- 
ment of  goods.  Called  on  Col.  Bond  respecting  his  lands  in 
Wayne  county ;  also  on  E.  Tillman,  Esq.  This  day  went  up  to 
Mr.  Hamilton's  again.  In  the  evening  went  to  the  theatre; 
saw  the  'Wheel  of  Fortune'  performed.  Cooper  played  Pin- 
ruddock  to  admiration. 

"Jan.  2,  1805. — At  5  A.  M.  set  out  for  home.  Passengers  an 
elderly,  queer  lady,  Mr.  Longcope  and  myself.  Breakfasted 
at  McCalea's ;  dined  at  Mrs.  Backhouse's ;  arrived  at  Easton 
at  7  P.  M.  Repaired  to  Mr.  Bullman's  in  the  evening  at  Phil- 
lipsburg. 

"3. — At  6  A.  M.  set  out  in  the  Goshen  Mill  stage  for  Newton. 
Breakfasted  at  Belvidere;  dined  at  Johnsonburg;  arrived  at 
Newton  at  3^  past  6  P.  M. 

"5. — Started  from  my  father's  at  8  A.  M.,  on  horseback. 
Dined  at  Packaquarry  and  arrived  at  Brother  Sammy's  in 
Middle  Smithfield  at  5  P.  M. 

"6.— Started  for  Minisink  at  10  A.  M.  Dined  at  Mr.  Ridg- 
way's  and  arrived  at  Montague  at  4  P.  M. 

"14. — Mr.  John  Van  Deren  from  New  Brunswick  came  up; 
took  him  in  my  sleigh  to  Frankford;  went  on  to  Lodge  at 
Newton. 

"May  2. — At  4  P.  M.  set  out  for  New  York;  got  as  far  as 
Newton. 

"3. — Took  the  Goshen  stage  at  Newton ;  arrived  at  Goshen 
at  6  P.  M. 

"4. — This  morning  took  a  seat  in  the  New  York  &  Albany 
line  and  arrived  at  Hoboken  at  7  P.  M. 

"5. — This  morning  crossed  the  Hudson  River  and  arrived  in 
New  York  at  8  A.  M.  Took  lodgings  at  Tuttle's  Hotel  in  Nas- 
sau   St. 

"8. — This  day  employed  making  settlements  with  old  mer- 
chants of  whom  we  bought  our  goods. 


A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  iSoo-iSis  309 

"9. — This  day  I  paid  every  one  of  them  off  to  the  uttermost 
farthing,  so  that  I  can  say,  perhaps,  what  very  few  can,  that  I 
do  not  owe  to  my  knowledge  a  cent  in  the  world.  This  being 
out  of  debt  is  a  comfortable  thing. 

"17. — Walked  out  on  the  Battery  this  evening  with  a  party 
of  ladies  and  gentlemen.  Spent  the  evening  in  Columbia  Gar- 
dens. 

"21. — Mr.  John  and  I  went  in  a  gig  to  Harlem  Races;  very 
fine  sport.  Three  horses  run — Bond's  'Financier,'  Mathew's 
'Pine'  mare,  and  Terhune's  bay  colt.  The  former  won  the 
purse. 

"24. — At  8  A.  M.  left  New  York  and  took  passage  in  a 
sloop  for  New  Brunswick;  arrived  there  at  5  P.  M.  Took 
lodgings  at  Voorhis's  in  Albany  street.  Drank  tea  at  Mr.  Van 
Deren's. 

"26. — Heard  Mr.  Ira  Condit  preach  an  elegant  sermon  in  the 
morning,  and  in  the  afternoon  Mr.  Grant  preached  in  the  Brick. 
Went  to  Mr.  John  Bray's  and  spent  the  evening.  At  11  o'clock 
P.  M.  set  out  for  Elizabethtown  in  the  mail  stage ;  arrived  at 
Elizabethtown  at  3  A.  M.     Melancholy  ride. 

"2y. — Hired  a  horse  and  chair  and  went  to  jMorristown. 

"28. — Hired  another  horse  and  chair  and  arrived  at  Newton 
at  12  o'clock.  Court  at  Newton  commences  to-day.  Thomas 
Anderson,  Esq.,  is  dangerously  ill  and  his  life  despaired  of. 

"29. — This  evening,  at  6  o'clock,  Thomas  Anderson,  Esq., 
1  closed  his  well  spent  life  and  resigned  his  soul  to  the  mansions 

(  of  bliss.     In  Mr.  Anderson  were  united  all  the  virtues  which 

I  constitutes  the  venerable  patriot,  the  able  statesman,  the  sound 

I  jurisprudent,  the  kind  parent,  the  endearing  husband,  the  hos- 

pitable friend  and  the  best  of  neighbors.  He  fell  in  the  62d 
year  of  his  age,  with  a  billions  fever,  which  he  bore  with  Chris- 
tian fortitude  (of  which  persuasion  he  was  a  sincere  and  faith- 
ful follower),  and  breathed  his  last  in  the  full  enjoyment  of 
his  faculties  and  senses  without  a  groan  or  struggle.  i\Ir.  An- 
derson was  the  oldest  practising  attorney  and  counsellor  in  the 
State  of  New  Jersey;  has  resided  in  Newton  upwards  of  40 
years,  during  which  time  he  has  constantly  held  a  number  of 
offices,  all  of  which  he  discharged  with  uncommon  zeal  and 


3IO  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

fidelity,  without  a  murmur.  He  has  left  a  very  amiable  widow, 
a  daughter  and  two  sons,  the  eldest  of  whom,  Wm.  T.  Ander- 
son, Esq.,  I  have  the  honor  of  being  intimate  with,  and  I  here  \ 
declare  there  is  not  a  gentleman  in  the  world  I  more  esteem.  j 
This  night  sat  up  at  Mr.  Anderson's.  \ 

"30. — As  Mr.  Anderson  was  the  founder  of  Masonry  17  j 
years  since  in  Newton,  the  Harmony  Lodge  of  the  place,  of  \ 
which  he  died  Worshipful  Master,  thought  proper  to  offer  to  » 
the  friends  of  the  deceased  their  wishes  of  burying  him  with  j 

the  honor  of  Masonry.     I  was  one  of  the  committee  who  waited  i 

on  the  friends ;   they  very  politely  acquiesced.  I 

"July  23. — I  forgot  to  mention  that  each  week  a  party  from  1 

Frankford,  consisting  of  Misses  IMary  Haggerty,  Susan  Sayre,  \ 

Peggy  Armstrong,  Ann  Bunce  and  ]\Ir.  John  Granger,  likewise  1 

Mrs.  Hopkins,  Miss  Rebecca  Hopkins  and  Mr.  Hector  Hop-  1 

kins,  from  Goshen,  together  with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Barton  and  • 

Mrs.  Stoll  from  Milford,  etc.,  paid  us  a  visit,  and,  on  Tuesday  \ 

evening  last,  we  had  at  Mr.  Hull's  a  very  elegant  ball.  | 

"Aug.  21. — Started  for  Newton  Court.     Dined  at  Vantile  | 

Coursen's.     Arrived  at  Newton  at  5  P.  M.  1 

"23. — Finished  my  business  in  Court  and  rode  up  to  my  j 

father's  in  the  afternoon.     Had  a  little  concert  last  night  at  | 

Doctor  Hendries'.     Mr.  Christy.  ]Mr.  Anderson.  Mr.  Dicker- 
son,  Mr.  Thomson  and  myself  on  the  flutes  and  violiub. 

"24. — This  morning  started  for  home  via  Mr.  Armstrong's, 
Mr.  Haggerty's  and  Mr.  Coursen's.     Got  home  at  3  P.  M. 

"2y. — This  evening  I  rode  up  to  Capt.  Van  Auken's,  where 
I  was  introduced  to  Mrs.  Samuel  Hull. 

"Sept.  2. — Rode  to  Newton,  being  nomination  day.  Asses- 
sors also  met. 

"12. — Rode  to  Simon  Cortright's;  helped  him  make  out  his 
duplicate  of  the  assessment  of  tax  of  Sandiston. 

"15. — Doctor  Hunt  came  from  Newton  and  informed  me 
my  father  was  very  dangerously  ill. 

"Oct.  I. — Electioneering,  I  shall  take  up  John  Linn  for  Coun- 
cil, Levi  Howell,  Joseph  Sharp,  Wm.  Kennedy  and  Wm.  Arm- 
strong for  Assembly,  Charles  Pemberton  for  Sheriff,  and  Sam- 
uel Hull,  Peter  Klim  and  John  Lock  for  Coroners. 


to^ 


A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  1800-1813  311 

"7. — Went  electioneering  to  three  trainings  down  the  river. 
To-morrow  election  commences.  I  believe  I  shall  attend  Sand- 
iston  poll  to-morrow. 

"8. — Election.  In  the  morning  rode  down  to  Sandiston.  At- 
tended all  day,  took  in  61  votes ;   every  one  my  ticket. 

"9. — Election  closes  to-day.  I  shall  attend  our  own  election 
in  Montague  to-day.  Rode  up  to  the  poll  at  Mr.  Wickham's. 
Took  in  this  day  71  votes,  and  only  one  against  my  ticket. 

"10. — In  Montague  and  Sandiston ;  took  in  216  votes  and  out 
of  the  whole  lost  but  25. 

"11. — This  day  rode  to  Newton.  To-morrow  the  votes  of 
the  whole  county  is  to  be  canvassed  at  that  place. 

"i2.- — On  the  result  of  the  election  I  have  carried  my  whole 
ticket  exactly,  except  John  Linn  for  Council;  lost  him  about 
40  votes ;  George  Bidleman  got  in  by  lies  and  intrigues. 

"13. — Stayed  at  Brother  Johnny's.  He  will  go  next  week 
to  Trenton,  as  he  is  a  candidate  for  the  Clerk's  office,  for 
which  reason  he  declined  running  as  a  candidate  for  the  Legis- 
lature, as  he  thought  it  improper.  A  man  should  have  the  least 
I  appearance  of  being  the  means  of  putting  himself  into  office. 
I  The  members  of  the  Legislature,  in  Joint  Meeting,  vote  in  the 
I       Clerk.     Jacob  S.  Thomson  and  Daniel  Stuart,  Esq.,  are  the 

\       other  candidates. 
I 

"14. — Brother  Johnny  and  I  rode  up  to  John  Linn's,  Esq., 
and  returned  in  the  evening;  rehearsed  the  'Busy  Body,'  and 
I       had,  at  a  tea  party  at  Judge  Holmes',  a  very  elegant  little 
i       dance. 

f  "16. — I  have  concluded  that,  as  money  is  scarce,  and  those 

who- owe  me  are  not  able  to  pay  on  that  account,  without  great 
sacrifice,  I  will  purchase  up  a  drove  of  cattle.  I  can  get 
about  100  head  for  debts  which  will  oblige  them,  and  I  can 
turn  them  into  money. 

"18. — Rode  out  at  Milford  and  bought  cattle. 
"22. — At  7  A.  M.  started  to  purchase  me  a  horse  of  Mr. 
Gideon  Wickham.     Bought  a  gray  horse  of  him;  paid  him 
$100  in  cash.     Rode  to  Deckertown. 

"29. — This  day  collected  my  cattle  to  the  number  of  about 
100  and  started  on.  Got  as  far  as  Joseph  Hornbeck's  and 
stayed  all  night. 


i 


312  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

"29. — Started  on  early.  Cattle  drove  very  wild.  At  dark 
got  to  Hope  and  put  up.  In  my  journey  this  day  I  called  at  \ 
Col.  Abraham  Shaver's,  where  I  heard  the  pleasing  news  (jf  I 
Brother  Johnny's  having  been  appointed  Clerk  of  the  County  ; 
of  Sussex,  he  having  34  votes  and  Jacob  S.  Thomson  7  in  | 
Joint  Meeting.  \ 

"31. — Crossed  the  Muskenekunk  and  got  to  Robinson's,  near     | 
Pittstown,  in  Hunterdon. 

"Nov.  I. — Dined  at  Ringoes  old  tavern,  after  which  I  ordered 
my  drivers  to  go  as  far  as  Pennington  with  the  cattle  and  stay 
all  night.     I  rode  on  and  got  to  Trenton  at  dusk. 

"2. — Rode  up  and  met  my  drove.  Went  on  through  Tren- 
ton; got  as  far  as  Friend  Lowery's,  a  very  rich  Quaker,  who 
solicited  me  to  stay  all  night  with  him.  Found  him  much  of  a 
gentleman  and  accepted  his  offer.     Sold  him  some  cattle. 

"3. — Put  our  cattle  in  a  good  field  of  pasture  at  Cross-  I 
v/icks,  three  miles   from  Mr.   Lowery's.  \ 

"4- — This  morning  sold  a  considerable  number  of  cattle.  \ 
Went  on.  Stopped  at  Recklestown  and  sold  more  cattle.  Went  ? 
on  to  Col.  Black's  and  stayed  all  night.  Col.  Black  is  an  old  \ 
Revolutionary  officer,  a  good  Federalist  and  much  of  a  gen-  \ 
tleman.  He  has  been  County  Collector  of  the  county  (Burl-  \ 
ington)  twenty-one  years.  Is  very  rich  and  has  a  handsome  | 
daughter  whose  name  is  Mary.  1 

"5- — Breakfasted  and  dined  with  Col.  Black.  Afternoon  j 
rode  round  the  country.  Stayed  all  night  at  Jobstown.  Sold  ! 
more  cattle  today.  j 

"6. — Rode  up  to  Col.  Black's  and  concluded  to  proceed  on  ! 
to  Gloucester.  Got  as  far  as  Slabtown ;  stayed  with  Mr.  i 
John    Child's,    a    Quaker.     Sold    more    cattle. 

"7- — After  breakfast  started.  Called  at  Mount  Holly,  the 
county  town  of  Burlington.  Viewed  the  Courthouse  in  com- 
pany with  Col.  Black.  It  is  elegant ;  cost  $30,000.  Got  to  the 
'Green  Tree'  and  stayed  all  night. 

"8. — Sold  more  cattle.  Find  that  in  consequence  of  the  ex- 
treme drought  they  have  had  in  this  country  the  graziers  are 
extremely  loth  to  purchase  cattle,  as  fodder  is  scarce.  Very 
few  will  purchase  and  those  who  will  do  not  want  many  head. 
Went  to  Haddonfield  and  stayed  all  night. 


A  Young  Man's  Journal  of  i8 00-18 is  313 

"9. — Started  on.  Left  my  drove  at  Mr.  Hugg's,  on  Timber 
Creek,  and  rode  to  Woodbury,  the  county  town  of  Gloucester, 
nine  miles  below  Philadelphia. 

"10. — The  people  in  Burlington  and  Gloucester  are  princi- 
pally Quakers ;  a  very  good  sort  of  people.  I  like  most  of  their 
principles  and  habits  much,  and  I  think  their  society  is  a  good 
one.  I  this  day  went  to  Quaker  Meeting  in  Woodbury.  Had 
two  sermons. 

"11. — This  morning  rode  up  to  Mr.  David  Henry's;  took 
him  up  to  see  my  cattle ;  sold  him  the  whole  I  had  on  hand 
at  30  days'  credit.  Returned  to  Woodbury  and  started  for 
Philadelphia.  Arrived  at  Philadelphia  at  7  o'clock  P.  M.  and 
went  up  to  John  Hay's,  4th  St.     Dismissed  my  drivers. 

"13. — Rode  up  to  see  School  Kill  [Schuylkill]  bridge.     This 
is  the  most  superb  and  elegant  piece  of  architecture  I  ever 
beheld.     It  is  really  a  picture.     It  cost  $275,000.     The  western 
pier  is  41  feet,  9  inches  under  the  surface  of  the  water.     The 
eastern  pier  better  than  20   feet;    it   is  all  covered  and  en- 
closed as  tight  as  a  house ;   painted  elegantly.     The  2d  of  this 
instant  w'hen  at  Trenton,   General   Shin,  Judge   Lee,   Doctor 
Thomson,   i\Ir.   Sharp   and  myself   went  to   see  the  Trenton 
I       Delaware  bridge;   it   is   also   very   superb   and   is    1,100   feet 
>       span,  built  on  a  new  construction ;    has  5  piers ;   the  walk  or 
I       passage  is  hung  from  the  arch  with  iron  chains.     At  Morris- 
'       ville  we  saw  General  Moreau,  the  celebrated  French  exile.   He 
}       is  very  plain  in  his  dress  and  manners. 

I  "14. — Started  at  6  o'clock  A.  M.;  rode  on  to  Dunck's  ferry. 

I  Breakfasted  ;  crossed  the  Delaware ;  passed  through  Burling- 
ton;, stopped  at  Mr.  Child's  and  dined.  Rode  on  to  Cross- 
wick  and  proceeded  on.     Got  to  Trenton  at  9  o'clock  P.  !M. 

"15. — The     Legislature     still    sitting.     Went    to   the    State 
House,  and  was  much  surprised  to  see  such  a  shabby  set  of  fel- 
lows to  represent  the  most  of  the  counties  of  this  State.     This 
day  the  Assembly  adjourned  till  first  Tuesday  in  February  next. 
[Evidently  a  lapse  here]. 

"25. — After  breakfast  bid  a  reluctant  farewell  and  started 
on.  Dined  at  Hackettstown.  Arrived  at  Newton  at  7  P.  M. 
Went   to   Brother  Johnny's  and   stayed   all   night.     Had  the 


314           Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  I 

I 

pleasure  of  congratulating  him  on  his  appointment  of  Clerk  \ 

of  Sussex.     He  informed  me  that  Brother  Sammy  was  ap-  \ 

pointed  Treasurer  of  the  county  of  Wayne.  | 

I  think  my  two  brothers  are  tolerably  well  provided  for ;  -? 

their  salary  is  one  thousand  dollars  a  year,  which  in  these  days  ! 

is  not  to  be  sneezed  at;   so  much  for  Democracy.     But,  hang  I 

my  skin  if  I  would  not  rather  be  a  Federalist  and  die  in  a  ditch"^  ] 

than  have  all  the  brown  loaves  and  boney  fishes  in  New  Jer-  I 
sey  on  condition  I  must  be  a  Democrat  to  obtain  them. 
[To  he  Continued] 

^5  %5*  t^  (^ 

SOME  BOOKS  RECEIVED 

The  large  number  of  books,  pamphlets,  etc.,  received  by  the 
New  Jersey  Historical  Society  each  month  are  usually  noticed 
by  titles  and  donors  once  a  year.  Special  ones  sent  in  by  pub- 
lishers are  only  noted  when  so  requested,  unless  of  peculiar 
interest  to  New  Jersey.     Among  such  lately  received  are  the  I 

following : 

George  Washington  and  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 

By   Horace   Mather   Lippincott.     Philadelphia:     Generai 

Alumni  Society,  191 6.  | 

The  opening  sentence  reads :     "Upon  a  wall  in  the  Library  of  1 

the  University  of  Pennsylvania  there  hangs  a  photograph  of  a  \ 

diploma  given  to  George  Washington  when  he  was  made  a  Doc-  | 

tor  of  Laws.     For  some  strange  reason  nothing  has  ever  been  I 

written  about  this  important  event,  or  of  Washington's  connec-  1 

tion  with  the  University."     Then  follows  the  account,  of  much  \ 

interest,  as  the  Commencement  at  which  the  degree  was  given  I 

was  a  notable  one,  and  after  it  excellent  sketches  of  Uni-  | 

versity  men  who  served  as  officers,  etc.,  in  the  Revolution,  | 

with  many  photo-engraved  likenesses  of  these  men.     A  book  I 

worth  while  making.  \ 

Rev.  Hannibal  Goodwin,  Inventor  of  the  Moving  Picture 

Film.    N.  Y.:  I.  M.  Dowbey,  1821.    Pp.35. 

A  small  pamphlet,  not  containing  as  much  matter  about  the 

inventor  or  preacher  as  we  should  like  to  know.  He  was  Rector 

of  the  House  of  Prayer  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  1867  to  1887;   was 


Some  Books  Received  315 

born  in  1822  and  died  1900.  The  writer  says:  "The  film 
process  was  brought  to  a  practical  reality  through  the  unfalter- 
ing desire  of  an  Episcopal  Priest  to  find  a  way  to  impress  upon 
the  minds  of  the  children  of  his  Sunday  School  and  congrega- 
tion all  the  sacred  scenes  of  the  Bible,  by  presenting  to  the  eye 
pictures  of  the  personages  and  scenes."  Surely  few  know  this 
as  the  origin  of  moving  pictures.  He  first  applied  for  Letters 
Patent  for  his  invention  in  1887  and  it  was  not  until  Sept. 
13,  1898,  that  they  were  granted.  We  are  glad  to  be  able  to 
credit  New  Jersey  as  the  place  where  moving  pictures  and  the 
telegraph  and  phonograph  were  harnessed  to  the  activities  of 
the  age. 

Secession  in  Embryo.     Address  by  Coleman  Randolph  before 
Morris  Co.  Chapter,  S.  A.  R.,  1921.     Pp.  4. 
A  fine,  brief  address  referring  to  the  beginnings  of  the  State 
Rights  doctrine,  showing  how  statesmanship  was  in  opposition 
to  public  sentiment  when  the  U.  S.  Constitution  was  formed. 

ViNELAND  AND  ViNELANDERS  IN  THE  WORLD  WaR.       By  H.  J. 

Souder.  Vineland:  Channon-Souder  Co.,  1922.  Pp.  100. 
A  unique  volume,  giving  every  kind  of  item  accessible  about 
such  of  the  850  Vinelanders,  or  thereabouts,  who  served  in  the 
late  War.  Where  possible  portraits  of  these  soldiers  appear. 
The  amount  of  information  in  this  work,  to  be  used  for  refer- 
ence by  present  and  future  citizens  of  Vineland,  is  im.mense 
and  does  great  credit  to  its  author.  The  N.  J.  Historical  So- 
ciety is  glad  to  possess  it. 

Invention,  the  Master-Key  to  Progress.     By  Rear  Ad- 
miral Bradley  A.  Fiske,  LL.D.     New  York :     E.  P.  But- 
ton &  Co.,  1921.     Pp.  356. 
Admiral  Fiske,  who  invented  the  Naval  Telescope  Sight,  the 
Stadimeter,  the  Turret  Range  Finder,  the  Torpedoplane,  etc., 
has  written  a  work  that  shows  a  wide  range  of  reading,  as  about 
everything  important  ever  invented  is   named  by  him,   with 
the  inventor,  time,  etc.     We  know  of  no  other  work  like  it. 
Beginning  with  primeval  days,  the  Old  Stone  Age,  etc.,  he  car- 
ries us  along  to  the  newest  inventions  and  insists  all  inventions 
have  made  civilization   a  progressive   state.     He  puts  down 


3i6  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Alexander  the  Great  as  one  of  the  chief  inventors  of  his  period. 
But  the  book  must  be  read  to  be  appreciated.  It  is  intensely 
interesting  throughout,  and  full  of  novel  views  as  to  the  effect 
of  inventions,  and,  of  course,  notices  our  many  New  Jersey 
inventors. 

^     ^     ^     ^ 

NECROLOGY  OF  MEMBERS 

Andrew  Lemuel  Cobb,  who  was  one  of  the  most  prom- 
inent men  in  ]\Iorris  county,  died  in  the  Morristown  Memorial 
Hospital,  July  27,  1922,  from  a  fractured  skull,  the  result  of  a 
kick  from  a  horse.  He  was  the  only  son  of  Andrew  Bell  and 
Frances  E.  (Condit)  Cobb  and  was  born  in  Hanover  Town- 
ship, Morris  county,  N.  J.,  Sept.  5,  1867.  He  attended  the 
schools  of  South  Williamstown,  Mass.,  graduating  in  the  year 
1887.  After  the  completion  of  his  studies,  he  devoted  his 
time  to  the  administration  of  the  large  and  valuable  estate  left 
to  the  family  at  his  father's  death  and  became  one  of  the  lead- 
ing agriculturists  of  his  section  of  the  State.  He  was  also  a 
director  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Morristown,  and  a 
director  of  the  Children's  Home,  in  which  both  he  and  his 
father  had  taken  much  interest.  Scrupulously  honorable  in  all 
his  dealings,  he  bore  an  enviable  reputation,  and,  being  sociable 
and  genial,  he  had  a  host  of  friends.  The  immigrant  ancestor 
of  the  Cobb  family  in  America  was  Henry  Cobb,  who  was 
born  in  the  county  of  Kent,  Eng.,  and  came  to  Plymouth,  Mass., 
in  1629.  One  of  his  descendants,  Edward  Cobb,  removed  from 
Mass.  to  N.  J.,  locating  near  Parsippany  more  than  150  years 
ago.  His  son,  Col.  Lemuel  Cobb,  was  prominent  in  military 
affairs  and  in  politics,  and  his  grandson.  Judge  Andrew  Bell 
Cobb,  was  one  of  the  leaders  in  developing  the  iron  interests 
of  the  county,  besides  filling  many  offices  of  public  trust.  An- 
drew Lemuel  Cobb  married,  Sept.  15,  1892,  Mary  Righter, 
daughter  of  George  E.  Righter,  and  their  children  are :  An- 
drew Lemuel,  Marion  and  Frances  Condit.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Washington  Society  of  New  Jersey  and  in  1919  be- 
came a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society. 


Necrology  of  Members  317 

James  S.  Higbee,  of  1013  Broad  street,  Newark,  N.  J., 
died  Aug.  30,  1922,  after  an  illness  of  over  one  year.  He  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1841,  and  went  to  Newark,  when  a 
young  man,  to  be  associated  with  his  uncle,  James  R.  Sayre,  in 
the  firm  of  James  R.  Sayre  &  Co.,  selling  building  material. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  treasurer  of  the  firm  of  Sayre 
&  Fisher.  He  was  once  President  of  the  Newark  Museum  As- 
sociation, President  of  the  old  Board  of  Trade  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Shade  Tree  Commission.  He  was  well  known  also 
for  his  religious  and  charitable  work,  and  was  the  first  treasurer 
of  the  South  Park  church  at  its  organization  in  1881.  He  was 
a  director  in  the  Newark  Fire  Insurance  Company,  the  Na- 
tional Newark  and  Essex  Bank  and  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life 
Insurance  Company.  He  left  surviving  three  daughters  and 
a  son,  Harrison  S.  Higbee.  He  became  a  member  of  the  New 
Jersey  Historical  Society  Jan.  25,  1887,  and  a  Life  jMember  Oct. 
27,   1897. 

Dp.  Austin  Scott,  of  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  Vice-President 

of  the   New  Jersey  Historical  Society,  died  suddenly  at  his 

summer  home,  Granville  Center,  Mass.,  on  August  15,  1922. 

Particulars  of  his  life  and  life's  work  appear  on  a  preceding 

page  (page  257).     It  should  be  recorded  here  that  Dr.  Scott 

was  one  of  the  most  interested  and  constantly  attending  mem- 

i  bers  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  this  Society.     He  loved  its 

t  work  and  took  an  interest  in  every  proceeding  which  enhanced 

i  the  value  of  the  Society  to  the  public.     Often  at  much  personal 

j  inconvenience,    if    not    discomfort,    he    went   regularly   every 

month  from  his  home  in  New  Brunswick  to  Newark  to  meet 

with  his  associates  and  discuss  plans  for  the  improvement  of 

the  Society.     He  was  made  a  Life  Member  of  the  Society 

Jan.  15,  1S85. 

At  the  annual  meeting  Jan.  25,  18S7,  he  read  a  paper  before 
the  Society  on  "Early  Cities  in  New  Jersey,"  (published  in 
Proceedings,  Second  Series,  Vol.  IX,  p.  149),  and  the  next 
year  took  a  position  on  the  Committee  on  Publications,  and 
later  (1914)  on  the  Committee  on  Colonial  Documents,  and  as 
on  this  latter  committee  he  was  a  member  up  to  the  time  of  his 


3i8  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  I 

death,  it  made  his  real  activity  in  the  Society  one  of  thirty-five  | 

years  duration.     In  1889  he  made  an  address  on  behalf  of  the  j 

Society  in  presenting  a  gold  medal  to  President  Benjamin  Har-  j 

rison.     This  striking  and  eloquent  address   was   entitled   "A  I 

Highway  of  the  Nation"  and  appeared  in  the  Proceedings  \ 

(Second  Series,  Vol.  XIII,  p.  355).     In  October,  1895,  he  was  j 

elected  Vice-President  of  the  Society  and  continued  as  a  Vice-  1 

President  until   1904;    became  such  again  in   1916  until  his  i 

death.     At  the  annual  meeting  in  191 2  he  gave  an  address  be-  | 

fore  the  Society  on  "William  Paterson ;    the  New  Jersey  Ex-         •    1 
ponent  of  American  Principles."     He  became  a  Trustee  of  the  I 

Society  October  29,  1913.     He  served  from  time  to  time  on  | 

various  other  important  committees,  as  on  Membership,  etc.  At  \ 

the  annual  meeting  in  October,  1920,  he  made  an  address  before  \ 

the  Society  (which  proved  to  be  his  last)  on  "Blazing  the  Way  \ 

to  Final  Victory — 1781."     This  appeared  later  in   the   Pro-  \ 

CEEDiNGS  (New  Series,  Vol.  VI,  p.  i).     To  the  published  Pro-  | 

CEEDiNGS  he  also  contributed  "A  List  of  the  Freeholders  of  the  | 

County  of  Essex,  1755"   (Second  Series,  Vol.  XIII,  p.  25)  ;  | 

"List  of  the  Freeholders  of  Middlesex,  about  1750"  (Ibid,  p.  \ 

89).     As  Chairman  of  the  Colonial  Documents  Committee  he  \ 

edited  Vol.  V  of  the  Second  Series  of  the  "New  Jersey  Arch-  | 

ives,"  being  all  newspaper  extracts  on  New  Jersey  published  j 

from  October,   1780,  to  July,    1782,    practically  to    the    end  | 

of  the  Revolution,  and  he  had  expected  to  assist  in  the  editing  j 

of  the  one  remaining  volume  of  newspaper  extracts  (for  1775),  i 

now  in  course  of  publication  by  the  Society.     All  this  work  for  \ 

the  Society  was  in  addition  to  his  long-held  position  as  Presi- 
dent of  the  New  Brunswick  Historical  Club,  as  an  active  Pro-  ' 
fessor  of  History  in  Rutgers  College,  and  as  contributor  of  his- 
torical matter  to  various  outside  publications,  legal  period- 
icals and  encyclopedias.  He  was  a  tireless  worker,  an  enthusi- 
astic historian  and  a  man  of  wide  and  close  friendships,  and  his 
associates  on  the  Board  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 
will  long  miss  his  genial  handshake,  his  unnumbered  personal 
courtesies  and  his  close  devotion  to  his  official  tasks. 


Necrology  of  Members  319 

Rev.  John  Preston  Searle,  D.  D.,  President  of  the  New- 
Brunswick  Theological  Seminary,  died  on  July  26,  1922,  at 
Cragsmoor,  Ulster  county,  N.  Y.,  from  a  stroke  of  paralysis, 
which  he  suffered  two  days  previously,  and  from  which  he  did 
not  recover  consciousness.  He  was  summering  at  that  place 
and  had  been  in  poor  health  for  many  months,  but  was  hop- 
ing to  return  to  his  cherished  work  at  New  Brunswick  in  the 
fall.  Dr.  Searle  was  born  at  Schuylerville,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  12,  ■ 
1854,  being  the  son  of  Rev.  Samuel  Tomb  Searle,  a  pastor  of 
the  Reformed  church  in  New  York  State.  He  was  graduated 
from  Rutgers  College  in  1875  and  from  the  New  Brunswick 
Seminary  in  1S78,  and  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Cassis  of  Pas- 
saic. His  first  charge  was  at  Griggstown,  N.  J.,  iS/S-'Si  ;  at 
First  Raritan  (Somerville)  i88i-'93;  then  became  Professor 
of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology  in  the  New  Brunswick  Sem- 
inary, 1893-1902,  in  which  latter  year  he  became  President  of 
the  Seminary.  In  1882  he  married  l\Iiss  Susan  Bovey,  of 
Cherokee,  Iowa,  who,  with  one  son,  Rev.  Robert  Wyckoff,  an 
associate  pastor  of  the  Fort  Washington  (New  York)  Collegi- 
ate church,  survive  him.  Previously,  in  1920,  he  lost  a  son, 
who  had  just  begun  a  law  practice,  R.  Bovey,  and,  later,  a 
daughter,  Helen  E.,  losses  which  he  felt  deeply  and  which  un- 
doubtedly impaired  his  health.  The  Doctor  was  President  of 
the  General  Synod  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  in 
1917.     He  received  his  doctorate  degree  from  Rutgers  in  1893. 

Dr.  Searle  was  a  man  who  had  hosts  of  friends.  His  pas- 
torates were  unusually  successful,  as  was  his  vigorous  teaching 
and  beautiful  personal  example  to  students,  and  his  executive 
control  of  the  Seminary.  His  genial  manners  and  wide  ac- 
quaintance, the  love  borne  for  him  by  his  parishioners  and, 
later,  his  students,  were  marked  in  a  high  degree.  He  became 
a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  February  6, 
1911. 

Augustus  C.  Studer,  editor  and  publisher  of  the  "Montclair 
Times,"  died  June  9,  1922,  in  Thun,  Switzerland,  where  he  had 
lived  as  a  boy,  from  a  heart  attack.  He  went  abroad  May  13th 
with  his  wife  and  daughter,  expecting  to  remain  until  October. 


320  Proceedings  Nczv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

He  was  born  of  Swiss  parents  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  May  lo,  1854. 
His  parents  came  to  Newark  in  1850;   in  1858  on  account  of  \ 

the  cholera  epidemic,  then  raging,  they  returned  to  their  native  1 

land.     In  the  country  of  his  ancestors  Mr.  Studer  spent  his  1 

early  youth  and  attended  the  schools  of  Thun  and  Geneva.    In  ^ 

1864  the  family  came  again  to  the  United  States,  for  it  was  the  1 

father's  desire  to  aid  in  the  preservation  of  the  Union,  and  as  a  I 

member  of  Company  A,  Fifteenth  New  Jersey  Infantry,  went  ] 

to  the  front,  serving  until  the  close  of  hostilities.     The  son  at-  i 

tended  the  schools  of  Newark  and,  although  he  could  not  speak  1 

a  word  of  English,  his  previous  training  enabled  him  to  take  | 

an  advanced  position,  which  he  maintained  until  his  graduation.  f 

His  journalistic  training  began  at  the  age  of  sixteen  in  the  com- 
posing room  of  the  Newark  "Daily  Journal,"  and  he  was  sub- 
sequently assigned  to  reportorial  duties.  In  1876  he  started  a 
jobbing  office.  In  May,  1877,  he  assumed  the  management  of 
the  "Montclair  Times,"  of  which  only  about  three  numbers 
had  been  published.  In  1888  Mr.  Studer  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  Engrossing  Clerk  to  the  State  Legislature  and  two 
years  later  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  by  a  plurality  of  683 
votes.     He  was  re-elected  for  a  second  term. 

Mr.  Studer  married  Miss  Elizabeth  M.  Ziegler,  of  Newark. 
Besides  the  daughter,  who  was  with  him  when  he  died,  another 
daughter,  Mrs.  William  T.  West,  of  Haverford,  Pa.,  and  a  son, 
Augustus  C.  Studer,  Jr.,  member  of  the  law  firm  of  McCarter 
&:  English,  of  this  city,  survive.  Mr.  Studer  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  June  3,  1912. 

Dr.  Theron  Yeomans  Sutphen,  of  992  Broad  street,  New- 
ark, N.  J.,  died  at  his  summer  camp,  Meddybempe,  near  Calais, 
Me.,  on  August  24,  1922,  of  apoplexy.  He  had  been  there  since 
June,  having  spent  his  summers  in  that  camp  for  some  thirty 
previous  years.  Dr.  Sutphen  was  born  in  Walworth,  Wayne 
county,  N.  Y.,  June  6,  1850,  being  the  son  of  Dr.  Reuben  Mor- 
ris Sutphen.  His  elementary  education  at  the  Walworth 
schools  was  supplemented  by  a  course  at  the  Newark  High 
School.  In  1 87 1  he  entered  the  ]\Iedical  College  connected 
with  Bellevue  Hospital,  New  York,  being  graduated  two  years 


Necrology  of  Memben  321 

later,  when  he  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Newark. 
Shortly  afterward  he  was  appointed  attending  physician  to  the 
City  Dispensary.  After  three  years  of  general  practice  he  be- 
gan to  devote  his  attention  to  diseases  of  the  ear  and  eye.  In 
1889  he  became  attending  physician  at  the  Newark  Eye  and 
Ear  Infirmary,  then  a  charitable  institution.  He  also  was  in 
charge  of  the  eye  and  ear  department  at  St.  Michael's  Hos- 
pital. For  sometime  he  was  attending  surgeon  on  the  eye  and 
ear  department  of  All  Soul's  Hospital,  Morristown,  and  con- 
sulting ocuhst  of  Memorial  Hospital,  Orange.  He  also  served 
in  connection  with  St.  Michael's  Hospital  in  the  latter  part  of 
191 9  and  shortly  afterward  opened  offices  with  his  son  in  the 
Medical  Arts  Building  at  1019  Broad  street.  Clubs  to  which 
Dr.  Sutphen  belonged  included  the  Practitioners',  The  Essex 
County  Medical  Society,  New  Jersey  State  Medical  Society, 
New  York  Academy  of  ]\Iedicine  and  the  American  Opthal- 
mological  and  Anthological  Societies.  He  was  made  a  Fellow 
01  the  American  College  of  Surgeons  in  October,  1920,  being 
one  of  six  Jerseymcn  thus  honored, 
i  Dr.    Sutphen    was    twice    married.      His    first    wife    was 

Miss  Sarah  Locke  Vail,  daughter  of  Dr.  William  P. 
Vail,  of  Johnsonbiu-g,  N.  Y.  Three  children  were  born 
of  the  union,  Dr.  Edward  Blair  Sutphen,  Robert  Morris 
Sutphen  and  Margaret  M.  Sutphen.  Mrs.  Sutphen  died  m 
1907.  Dr.  Sutphen  again  married  in  191 1,  his  bride  being 
Miss  Emma  G.  Lathrop,  for  many  years  Regent  and  Historian 
of  the  New  York  Chapter,  D.  A.  R.,  and  one  of  the  board  of 
managers  of  the  Female  Charitable  Society  of  New  York.  She 
died  in  1912.  He  became  a  Life  Member  of  the  New  Jersey 
Historical  Society  May  19,  1887. 

John  Lowrexce  Swayze,  of  212  Ballantine  Parkway, 
Newark,  N.  J.,  died  August  12,  1922,  suddenly  at  Glen  Springs 
Sanitarium,  Watkins  Glen,  N.  Y.,  following  an  acute  heart  at- 
tack. He  had  been  in  poor  health  since  January.  Mr.  Swayze 
was  born  in  Newton,  N.  J.,  October  18,  186S,  being  the  young- 
est son  of  the  late  Jacob  L.  Swayze,  founder  and  President  of 
the   Merchants'    National     Bank   of    Newton.     His    mother's 


322           Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  ] 

1 

maiden  name  was  Joanna  Hill.     He  was  educated  at  the  New-  ] 

ton  Collegiate  Institute  and  the  Phillips-Exeter  Academy.    Af-  ; 

ter  leaving  school  he  represented  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance  ] 

Company,  of  New  York,  in  northern  New  Jersey,  being  asso-  ■ 

ciated  with  John  C.  Eisle,  of  Newark,  and  later  was  general  I 

manager  in  Chicago  of  the  Standard  Cash  Register  Company.  \ 

He  returned  to   Newton  soon  after  and  studied  law  in  the  j 

office  of  Theodore  Simonson.     While  studying  law,  in  the  nine-  ■; 

ties,  he  became  Journal  Clerk  of  the  New  Jersey  House  of  \ 

Assembly.     He  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  November,  1894,       .    \ 

and  became  counselor  three  years  later.     Mr.  Swayze  became  \ 

chairman  of  the  Republican  County  Committee  of  Sussex  in  ] 

1897,  following  some  energetic  work,  during  which,  for  the  first  j 

time  in  its  history,  Sussex  County,  normally  Democratic,  gave  I 

majorities  for  Gubernatorial  and  Congressional  candidates  on  | 

the  Republican  ticket.     He  became  Prosecutor  of  the  Pleas  in  ? 

his  home  county  in  1898.     Appointed  private  secretary  to  the  ' 

late  Governor  Franklin  Murphy  in  1902,  he  served  until  April  | 

I,   1904,  when  he  became  Assistant  Attorney-General.     Dur-  ] 

ing  his  service  for  the  State,  he  entered  the  legal  department  I 

of  the  American  Telegraph  &  Telephone  Company  in  New  York  ;■ 

for  special  work,  but  soon  became  general  counsel.  \ 

It  was  while  secretary  to  the  Governor  he  drafted  the  Child  I 

Labor  bill  of   1903,  also  the  New  Jersey  Labor  Department  ! 

Acts,  still  in  existence,  and  recognized  as  one  of  the  best  de-  I 

partments  of  the  kind  in  the  East.     For  several  years,  until  j 

his  labors  for  the  Telephone  Company  became  so  extensive,  j 

he  was  President  of  the  Merchants'  National  Bank  of  New-  \ 

ton.     Mr.  Swayze  joined  the  legal  department  of  the  American  ; 

Telephone  &  Telegraph  Company  on  April  11,  1905,  and  re-  I 

mained  with  that  corporation  until  December,  191 2,  when  he  \ 

was  appointed  general  counsel  of  the  Eastern  group  of  Bell  • 

Telephone  Companies,  consisting  of  the  New  York  Telephone  • 

Company,  the  Bell  Telephone  Company  of  Pennsylvania  and  j 

the  Chesapeake  &  Potomac  Telephone  Company.     When  this  i 

group    of    companies    was    dissolved    in    October,    1919,    Mr.  ' 

Swayze  became  general  counsel  of  the  New  York  Telephone  ' 

Company  and  advisory  counsel  of  the  Bell  Telephone  Com- 


Necrology  of  Members  323 

pany  of  Pennsylvania,  which  offices  he  held  until  his  death. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  original  Employe's  Benefit  Fund  Com- 
mittee of  the  New  York  Telephone  Company  from  January 
I,  1913,  to  January  i,  1920.  He  was  also  one  of  the  active 
organizers  of  the  Sussex  County  Society  of  New  York. 

In  1902  Mr.  Swayze  married  Miss  Eva  Couse,  of  Hamburg, 
a  daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  Joseph  P.  Couse,  and  a  niece  of  Mr. 
Joseph  Coult,  of  Newark.  Besides  his  wife  he  is  survived  by 
seven  sons :  John  Lowrence  Swayze,  Jr.,  an  undergraduate 
of  Harvard  University ;  Joseph  Couse  Swayze,  Francis  J. 
Swayze  2d,  Henry  S.  Swayze  2d,  Robert  McCarter  Swayze, 
Richard  Hill  Swayze  and  Peter  Jacob  Swayze.  He  is  also 
survived  by  two  brothers.  Justice  Francis  J.  Swayze,  of  the 
New  Jersey  Supreme  Court,  and  Henry  Seward  Swayze,  of 
Stamford,  Conn.,  and  one  sister,  Mary  C.  Swayze,  of  New 
York  City.  He  became  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Histori- 
cal Society  June  7,  1920. 

L.\RuE  Vredenburgii,  Jr.,  of  Somcrville,  N.  J.,  died  at  his 
residence  there  on  June  3,  1922,  after  an  illness  of  ten  days,  of 
\      pleurisy  and  heart  affection.     Mr.  Vredenburgh  was  born  in 
i      Somerville  July  29,  1S55.  being  the  son  of  LaRue  Vredenburgh, 
\      Sr.,  and  Blandina  Elmendorf.    His  father  was  long  a  druggist 
I      and  then  Cashier  of  the  old  Somerset  County  Bank.     Young 
}      LaRue  studied  in  the  classical  school  of  Rev.  William  Cornell 
;.      and  at  Rutgers  College ;  then  became  a  law  student  of  the  late 
I      Judge  Bartine  in  Somerville,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  as 
[      attorney   at   the    November   Term,    1879.     He   practiced   but 
I       slightly  in  Somerville,  as  his  health  failed  and  he  changed  his 
:       residence  to  Colorado.     Later  he  returned  and  accepted  a  po- 
sition in  the  Somerset  County  Bank.     When  that  institution 
went  out  of  existence  he  took  a  clerkship  in  the  First  National 
Bank.     About  1S90  he  was  appointed  a  State  Bank  Examiner, 
and  about  1914  he  became  a  special  Deputy  Banking  and  Insur- 
ance Commissioner.     He  thus  became  well-known  to  the  banks 
about  the  State  and  to  all  insurance  companies.     For  four  years 
past  he  had  been  Receiver  for  the  Roseville  Trust  Co.  of  New- 
ark and  the  Mutual  Trust  Co.  of  Orange.     Being  a  tireless 


324  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  1 

worker,  not  sparing  himself,  he  shortened  his  life  by  it.     At  i 

the  time  of  his  death  he  was  President  of  the  Somerville  \Va-  J 

ter  Co.     He  never  married  and  is  survived  only  by  a  sister  ^ 

with  whom  he  lived.     He  became  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  ] 

Historical  Society  May  21,  1891.  I 

^*  (^  ^^  tJC  3 

HISTORICAL  NOTES  AND  COMMENTS  j 

BY  THE  EDITOR  I 

President  Harding  Elected  an  Honorary   Member  of  the  i 

Society  | 

At  the  June  meeting  of  the  Trustees  of   the  Society  Mr.  i 

Boggs  suggested  that  it  would  be  eminently  fitting,  in  connec-  1 

tion  with  the  visit  of  the  President  to  New  Jersey  to  dedi-  \ 

cate  the  Princeton  Battle  Monument  and  to  receive  the  degree  ] 

of  LL.D.  from  Princeton  University,  to  elect  him  an  Honorary  \ 

Member  of  the  Society.     The  suggestion  met  with  hearty  ap-  \ 

proval  and  he  was  forthwith  elected.     A  committee,  consisting  \ 

of    Charles   M.    Lum,   Vice-President,    Chancellor   Edwin   R.  j 

Walker,  W.  I.  Lincoln  Adams,  J.  Lawrence  Boggs  and  Miss  \ 

Isabelle  Hudnut,  was  appointed  to  call  upon  the  President  at  "; 

Princeton  and  advise  him  of  his  election  and  to  present  a  mem-  I 
bership  certificate.     All  the  members  of  the  committee  visited 

Princeton  on  June  9th,  a  memorable  day  in  the  history  of  the  | 

old  college  town.     The  exercises  in  connection  Vv'ith  the  dedica-  j 

tion  of  the  monument  and  the  conferring  of  the  degree  were  \ 

dignified  and  impressive.     The  President  and  Mrs.   Harding  I 

received  a  most  hearty  welcome  and  evidently  thoroughly  en-  | 
joyed  the  occasion.  A  convenient  opportunity  was  afforded  1 
by  Bayard  Stockton,  President  of  the  Monument  Commission,  j 
for  the  notification  of  the  President,  which,  as  prepared  by  j 
Mr.  Lum,  was  read  to  him  by  Chancellor  Walker.     Mr.  Lum  < 

said: 

"Mr.  President,  it  is  my  pleasant  duty  this  day  to  advise  you  \ 

that  at  the  last  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  New  : 

Jersey  Historical  Society  you  were  elected  an  Honorary  Mem- 
ber,    This  honor  has  never  been  lightly  conferred  and  the  So- 


Historical  Notes  and  Comments  325 

ciety  has  very  few  Honorary  Members.  The  Society  was  or- 
ganized seventy-seven  years  ago  by  a  group  of  the  best  and 
most  prominent  men  of  the  State,  and  its  object  is  to  discover, 
procure  and  preserve  whatever  relates  to  any  department  of  the 
history  of  New  Jersey,  natural,  civil,  literary  or  ecclesiastical, 
and  generally  of  other  portions  of  the  United  States.  It  now 
has  a  collection  of  much  interest  and  great  value.  You  have 
the  affection,  esteem  and  confidence  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States  to  an  unusual  degree,  and  we  trust  that  under  your  vig- 
orous and  forceful  leadership  the  history  of  your  term  of  of- 
fice will  be  among  the  most  important  in  the  archives  of  our  So- 
ciety. I  hand  to  you  a  Certificate  of  Membership  and  trust 
that  you  will  honor  the  Society  by  accepting  such  member- 
ship. This  will  be  a  further  inspiration  to  the  officers  and  trus- 
tees of  the  Society  in  continuing  their  work." 

The  President  accepted  the  honor,  and  the  Society  later  re- 
ceived from  Washington  the  following  letter  of  thanks : 

"The  White  House,  Washington,  June  12,  1922. 
"My  Dear  Mr.  Lum  : 

"The  President  asks  me  to  thank  you,  and  through  you  the 
Trustees  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society,  for  his  selection 
as  an  Honorary  Member.  I  do  not  need,  I  am  sure,  to  tell 
you  that  the  President  is  very  much  interested  in  all  work  of 
this  kind,  and  finds  a  pleasure  to  be  even  so  remotely  associated 
with  it.  Yours  sincerely, 

"Geo.  B.  Christian,  Jr., 
"Secretary  to  the  President. 
"Mr.  Charles  M.  Lum,  Vice-President,  New  Jersey  Historical 
Society,  Newark,  N.  J." 

An  "Air  Ship"  of  1817  and  an  Early  Poem 

A  copy  of  "The  Times,"  of  New  Brunswick,  dated  Nov.  13, 
181 7,  being  No.  129  of  Vol.  HI,  has  fallen  into  our  hands,  and 
gives  us  the  news  that  a  German  had  invented  an  "Air  Ship." 
Of  course  it  did  not  fly  very  high,  but  it  is  curiously  described 
as  follows,  which  is  taken  from  "a  German  Journal :" 

"A  country  clergyman  in  Lower  Saxony  has  been  so  happy  as 
to  succeed  in  accomplishing  the  invention  of  an  AIR  SHIP. 
The  machine  is  built  of  light  wood ;  it  is  made  to  float  in  the  air 
chiefly  by  means  of  the  constant  action  of  a  pair  of  bellows,  of 
a  peculiar  construction,  which  occupies  in  the  front  the  position 
of  the  lungs  and  the  neck  of  a  bird  on  the  wings.     The  wings 


326  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  | 

on  both  sides  are  directed  by  thin  cords.     The  height  to  which  1 

the  farmer's  boy  (10  or  12  years  of  age)  whom  the  inventor  has  | 

instructed  in  the  management  of  it,  had  hitherto  ascended  with  I 

it,  is  not  considerable,  because  his  attention  has  been  more  di-  * 

reeled  to  give  a  progressive  than  ascending  motion  to  his  ma-  | 

chine.    The  ranger  of  the  forest  of  Baron  Charles  Von  Drais,  ] 

has  made  some  highly  satisfactory  trials  of  this  new-invented  \ 

travelling  machine,  without  horses.     On  the   12th  of  July  he  i 

went  from  Manheim  to  the  Relay-house  at  Schwezingen  and  j 

back  again."  ] 

1 

Evidently  our  American  Wrights  will  have  to  take  a  back  \ 

step  as  to  being  inventors  of  a  flying  machine !     The  same 
newspaper,  like  other  journals  of  that  period,  has  no  local  news,  1 

but  various  essays  and  items  from  afar,  and  three  columns  of  | 

Legislative   proceedings.     In   poetry   it   has   sixteen    four-line  | 

verses  on  "The  Death  of  Rev.  Dr.  Finley,"  who  was  the  pas-  ] 

tor  at  Basking  Ridge,  this  State,  from  1795  to  April,  1817,  and  | 

who  died  Nov.  3,  1817.     They  are  of  the  character  of  much  of 
the  newspaper  verse  of  that  period,  and  begin: 

"What  doleful  sound  is  this  I  hear, 
That  brings  sad  tidings  to  my  ear; 
Which  fills  my  heart  with  throbs  and  fears, 
My  eyes  with  sorrow's  trickling  tears. 

"Ah  !     Rev'rend  sweetest  Finley's  dead  ; 
Low  in  the  dust  he  laid  his  head  ; 
In  silent  earth  he  now  doth  lie, 
Whose  solemn  prayers  oft'n  pierced  the  sky." 

A  Patriotic  Negro  of  the  Revolution 

The  "Hunterdon  County  Democrat"  is  republishing  from  its 
flics  "of  a  hundred  years  ago"  various  items,  although,  as  a 
matter  of  fact,  they  are  from  that  newspaper  of  1826.  On 
that  date  this  was  ptiblished : 

"The  following  anecdote  was  last  week  related  to  us  by  an 
officer  of  the  Revolution  who  lives  in  this  county,  and  we  were 
the  more  interested  to  see  his  eyes  fill  with  tears  of  a  soldier's  j 

patriotism  as  he  finished  his  story.     During  the  Battle  of  Mon-  I 

motith,  a  part  of  Col.  Shepherd's  Massachusetts  Regiment  were  | 

ordered  to  lay  prostrate  upon  the  ground  to  escape  the  raking  | 

fire  of  the  enemy's  artillery.     Gen.  Washington  was  seen  at  a 
distance,  mounted  on  his  charger,  directing  the  movements  of 


Historical  Notes  and  Coimnents  327 

the  troops.  An  officer  passing  the  men  as  they  lay  on  the 
ground  and  seeing  a  black  soldier  belonging  to  Capt.  Wright's 
Company  standing  up,  said  to  him :  'Lie  down,  or  you  will 
be  killed.'  The  negro,  pointing  to  Gen.  Washington,  replied, 
'No  massa,  when  Gen.  Washington  lie  down,  I  lie  down,  and 
not  before.'  " 

Col.  Charles  Stewart  as  Commissary  General 

A  sketch  of  Col.  Charles  Stewart,  of  Hunterdon  county,  who 
was  Commissary  General  on  W'ashington's  Staff  from  1776 
to  the  end  of  the  War,  appeared  in  the  January,  1921,  Pro- 
ceedings (p.  14).  His  account  book  for  a  part  of  1776  and 
1777,  has  recently  been  shown  to  us  by  a  descendant.  It  is 
much  mutilated,  but  gives  one  an  idea  of  the  kind  of  supplies  he 
ordered  and  received  for  the  army.     The  two  headings  are : 

"Provisions  received  for  the  troops  in  camp  under  the  com- 
mand of  His  Excellency,  George  Washington,  Esquire,  Com- 
mander-in-Chief for  the  month  of ,  177-." 

"Return  of  Stores  and  Provisions  received  at  the  diflferent 
Posts  and  Magazines  in  the  Middle  Department  for  the  Month 
of  ,   177-." 

So  much  of  the  leaves  at  the  beginning  and  end  of  these  ta- 
bles are  destroyed  that  we  cannot  obtain  a  full  statement  from 
any  one  of  them,  but,  in  part,  this  shows  totals  of  what  was 
received  at  Camp,  and  gives  an  idea  of  the  kind  and  amount 
of  supplies  used  by  the  army.  One  month,  probably  February, 
1776,  the  list  shows: 

Pork,  18834  barrels,  4  hogsheads,  8,009  pounds. 
Cattle,  1,312  head. 
Fresh  beef,  443,719  pounds. 
Salt  beef,  12  barrels. 
Sheep,  20  head. 
Veal,  or  mutton,  5,127  pounds. 
Butter,  ^y"/  pounds. 
Spirits,  280  gallons. 

Rum,  10^  hogslieads.  3  tierces,  16  barrels. 
Whiskey,  21  hogsheads,  19  tierces,  56  barrels,  4,414^/2  gal- 
lons. 

Vinegar,  i  gallon. 

Salt,  5  tierces,  52  barrels,  85^4  bushels. 

Rice,  5^  tierces,  744  pounds. 


328  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Fish,  49  barrels,  36  pounds. 

Soap,  9  boxes,  112  pounds.  | 

Candles,  2j  boxes,  325  pounds.  | 

From  the  foregoing  it  is  evident  the  soldiers  were  not  suffer-  \ 

ing  that  month  from  a  full  supply  of  ardent  spirits,  nor  of  pork  3 

and  beef  especially  fresh.     Yet  we  know  that  late  in  the  War  | 

there  was  great  dearth  of  army  food.  | 

For  the  same  month  the  return  of  stores  for  the  Middle  De-  | 

partment   showed   very   little   excess   over  the   foregoing   for  \ 

the  total  supplies,  many  items  being  just  the  same  as  sent  to  ] 

Camp,  the  chief  excess  being  in  fresh  beef,  total  received  being  | 

664,567  pounds.  ] 

It  is  greatly  to  be  regretted  that  the  complete  books  of  the  f 

Commissary  General  are  not  to  be   found.     It  would  throw  j 

much  light  on  what  the  Revolutionary  War  cost  in  supplies  and  | 

provisions.    The  small  sample  preserved  is  written  out  in  beau-  j 

tiful  handwriting  and  the  tabular  work  is  executed  most  care-  j 

fully.  j 

The  Articles  on  "English  Convicts"  and  George  Scot  * 

In  this  issue  we  publish  an  article  on  some  unfortunate  fea-  | 

tures  of  the  Revolutionary  War  from  the  pen  of  one  of  our  | 

esteemed  English  correspondents.     The  fact  that  it  embraces  ; 

an  English  view  of  the  case  is  no  reason  why  it  should  not  j 

appear  in  an  American  historical  magazine.     We  are  pleased  i 

to  read  whatever  any  papers  in  the  Public  Record  Office  in  I 

London  bring  to  light.     Clearly,  however,  the  statements  of  | 

convicts  sent  to  this  country  by  way  of  banishment,  and  after-  | 

ward  captured  by  the  English,  are  not  to  be  taken  too  seriously  ! 

as  embodying  the  truth.  To  save  their  heads  they  would  need 
to  declare  they  were  "impressed"  in  the  American  service,  and, 
one  says,  punished  by  "tarring  and  feathering,"  and  this  might 
be  so  in  those  instances  or  might  not.  All  the  same  we  are 
having  a  view-point  from  London  documents  and  it  can  do  no 
one  now  any  harm.  What  we  would  chiefly  take  issue  with, 
in  this  particular  article,  however,  is  the  view  that  the  Hes- 
sian soldiers  were  worse  than  the  English  in  their  various 
raids,  which  were  mostly  in  New  Jersey.     The  evidence  is  j 


Historical  Notes  and  Comments  329 

overwhelming  that  our  American  people  were  desperately  an- 
gered by  the  employment  of  Hessians,  but  at  the  same  time  that 
in  local  raids  the  Hessians  frequently,  if  not  always,  acted  bet- 
ter than  the  English  military.  In  "The  Story  of  an  Old 
Farm"  (1889),  a  New  Jersey  historical  work  which  has  re- 
ceived great  praise  in  England  as  elsewhere,  Chapter  XXV 
treats  of  this  subject  conclusively.  Of  course,  however,  there 
were  things  occurring  on  both  sides  in  that  struggle  which 
sober-minded  men  and  women  then  and  now  would  object  to, 
as  not  according  to  civilized  views  of  war.  Happily  that  is 
past  history,  and  it  is  sincerely  to  be  trusted  that  no  blood  will 
ever  again  be  shed  between  England  and  America,  which  are 
and  ought  to  be  forever  the  firmest  of  friends.  In  this  we 
know  our  English  correspondent  agrees. 

The  exceedingly  interesting  article  on  the  Scotch  Laird, 
"George  Scot,  of  Pitlochy,"  is  one  which  greatly  supplements 
what  Whitehead  wrote  of  him  in  his  "Early  History  of  Perth 
Amboy"  (pp.  24  et  seq.),  and,  so  far  as  we  know,  is  the  fullest 
account  ever  published  in  this  State  of  one  who  might  well  be 
denominated  the  earliest  historian  of  New  Jersey,  notwith- 
standing he  did  not  live  to  reach  America  and  become  a  set- 
tler, as  was  his  desire. 

Additions  to  and  Corrections  in  the  List  of  Patriotic  Societies 
In  our  issue  of  April  last  we  published  a  list  of  New  Jersey 
Historical  and  Patriotic  Societies  (see  also  the  number  for 
April,  1921).  Since  then  our  attention  has  been  called  to 
the  following: 

New  Jersey  Chapter,  Daughters  of  Founders  and  Patriots  of 
America.  Organized  by  Agnes  Blackfan,  Elizabeth,  N.  J., 
Jan.  14,  1919,  and  its  first  and  present  President.  National 
Society  founded  June,  1898,  at  Washington,  D.  C.  State  So- 
ciety has  54  members.  Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs.  William 
C.  McPherson. 

New  Jersey  Society  of  the  Order  of  the  Founders  and  Pa- 
triots of  America.  Present  Secretary  is  Chauncey  R.  Mc- 
Pherson, 655  Salem  Road,  Elizabeth.  Permanent  Headquar- 
ters, 33  Lombardy  St.,  Newark. 


330  Proceedings  Nciv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

Camden  County  Historical  Society.  The  Secretary  is  Charles 
L.  Maurer,  of  Camden. 

The  Urquhart  Indian  Relic  Collection 

There  has  been  presented  to  the  Newark  Free  Public  Library 
the  large  collection  of  Indian  relics  gathered  by  the  late  Frank  \ 

J.  Urquhart,  author  of  a  recent  "History  of  Newark"  and  an  | 

Associate  Editor  of  the  "Sunday  Call,"  the  collection  being  I 

given  by  Mrs.  Urquhart.     It  fills  five  cases  occupying  the  entire  I 

length  of  the  west  corridor  on  the  fourth  floor  of  the  Library.  i 

The  articles  consist  of  arrow-heads,  bowls,  hammers,  gorgets.  ] 

and  other  articles,  together  with  works  of  reference  on  New  \ 

Jersey  Indian  lore.     The  idea  is  to  make  this  collection  the  \ 

nucleus  for  additional  material  bearing  on  New  Jersey  Indian  I 

memories  that  may  come  to  the  museum.     The  hunting  of  In-  j 

dian  relics  in  this  State  was  a  favorite  rest-time  diversion  of  \ 

Mr.  Urquhart  for  many  years.     His  careful  study  of  this  sub-  1 

ject  and  his  practical  acquaintance  with  it  as  the  result  of  years  | 

of   search  in  Passaic  and   Morris  counties  made  him  an  au-  | 

thority  on  this  subject.     The  collection  contains  a  map  of  New  ^ 

Jersey  showing  the  location  of  the  principal  Indian  remains  a 

discovered  in  this  State.     Their  camps  and  villages  were  gen-  1 

erally  near  fresh  water,  and  it  is  in  such  sites  that  the  flint  I 

chips,  pottery  fragments,  etc..  have  been  found.     Shell  heaps  \ 

from  clams  and  oysters  are  found  in  great  abundance  near  salt  1 

water,  wiiere  they  constitute  the  refuse  heaps  of  the  old  camps.  s 

Their  burial  places  were  usually  on  sandy,  hilly  ground  near  | 

their  village  sites.     The  collection  made  by  the  late  Dr.  J.  Her-  j 

vey  Buchanan,  of  Plainfield,  is  in  the  possession  of  the  New 
Jersey  Historical  Society,  but,  from  want  of  proper  room,  has 
been  only  partly  put  on  view. 

v^  *^  ^*  t?* 

QUERIES  AND  MISCELLANY 

Bref.ce-Van  Zandt-Tumson. — "Wanted,  names  of  par- 
ents of  William  Brcece,  who  m.  Susan  Compton  (both  buried 
at  Metuchcn),  Richard  Van  Zandt,  who  (perhaps)  m.  Rhoda 


Queries  and  Miscellany  331 

Caywood,  and  Runyon  Tunison.    These  all  lived  in  Middlesex 
and  Somerset  counties." 

E.  L.  F,  (New  Brunswick,  N.  J.). 

Gordon  Family. — "The  series  of  letters  of  the  'Scots  East 
Jersey  Proprietors,'  running  in  the  Proceedings  and  hitherto 
unpublished,  is  most  valuable.  May  I  make  a  slight  correc- 
tion? 

"In  the  January  number,  Vol.  7,  p.  9,  it  is  stated  that  Thomas 
Gordon,  of  Perth  Amboy,  was  the  brother  of  Robert  Gordon, 
of  Clunie.  He  was  the  brother  of  Robert  Gordon,  of  Pit- 
lurg,  'commonly  designated  of  Stralloch.'  In  Volume  IV, 
of  the  New  Jersey  Archives,  First  Series,  p.  177,  there  is  an 
affidavit  from  Dr.  Inness,  minister  of  Monmouth  county,  in 
East  Jersey,  as  to  the  character  of  Thomas  Gordon,  Esquire, 
Member  of  Governor  Hunter's  Council,  etc.  After  testifying 
to  his  'high  character  and  exemplary  life  in  exact  accordance 
with  the  Church  of  England,'  he  says :  'He  is  a  person  of  an 
university  education  and,  being  born  in  the  same  neighborhood 
and  by  the  more  than  common  friendship  between  our  parents, 
I  can  certify  with  a  good  conscience  that  he  is  descended  from 
an  honorable,  orthodox  and  loyal  family,  being  grandchild  by 
the  eldest  son  to  the  memorable  Robert  Gordon,  of  Pitlurg  and 
Stralloch,  who,  for  wisdom  and  learning,  was  reputed  inferior 
to  none  in  his  time  in  the  Kingdom  of  Scotland,  and  that  I  be- 
lieve the  said  Thomas  Gordon  for  learning,  honesty  and  integ- 
rity of  life  is  inferior  to  no  layman  in  the  Province  where  he 
lives,'  etc.  It  is  signed  'Alexander  Inness,  Presbiter.'  The 
biography  of  this  distinguished  grandfather  may  be  found  in 
Chambers'  'Dictionary  of  Eminent  Scotsmen.'  Thomas  Gor- 
don's tombstone  distinctly  states  (in  Latin)  that  he  was  of  the 
family  of  Gordon  of  Pitlurg  ("Pitlurgi,"  unfortunately  having 
been  translated  into  'of  Pitlochie' — an  estate  belonging  to 
George  Scot)  instead  of  the  literal  and  true  one. 

"The  lineage  of  Gordon  of  Pitlurg  may  be  found  in  'Burke's 
Commoners  of  Great  Britain.'  According  to  this  authority, 
Robert  Gordon,  of  Pitlurg  and  Stralloch,  (Thomas'  grand- 
father, according  to  the  affidavit),  married  Catherine  Irvine, 
dau.  of  Alexander  Irvine,  of  Lenturg.  His  eldest  son  (father 
of  Thomas,  according  to  the  affidavit)  was  also  Robert  Gor- 


332  Proceedings  Nezv  Jersey  Historical  Society 

dan,  born  1609;  married  1638,  Catherine  Burnett,  dau.  of  Sir 
Robert  Burnett,  Baronet,  of  Leys ;    succeeded  his   father  in  \ 

1661 ;    died  1681  ;    succeeded  by  his  eldest  son,  Robert  Gor-  1 

don,  the  'Laird  of  Stralloch'  mentioned  in  the   Gordon  and  1 

Fullerton  letters  in  Scot's  'Model  Government  of  East  New  I 

Jersey.'     (See  Whitehead's  'East  Jersey  under  the  Proprie-  1 

tors,'  pp.  304,  313,  324,  326).  j 

"Neither  Thomas  Gordon  nor  his  brother  Charles  are  men-  \ 

tioned  by  Burke,  but  he  does  mention  their  brother.  Dr.  John  \ 

Gordon,  of  Coliston,  to  whom  a  number  of  these  letters  are  \ 

addressed,  and  his  marriage  to  Catherine  Fullerton,  dau.  of  | 

John  Fullerton,  of  Kennaber,  which  shows  how  he  came  to  be  \ 

a  brother-in-law  to  Thomas   Fullerton.     (See  p.   304,   'E.  J.  ] 

Under  the  Proprietors.')  | 

"There  were   so  many  Gordons  who  bought  land  in  East  \ 

Jersey  that  it  is  a  matter  of  some  difficulty  to  keep  them  sep-  \ 

arated.     That  Thomas  and  Charles,  of   Perth   Amboy,  were  \ 

brothers  of  John  Gordon,  of  Coliston,  is  clearly  proved  by  | 

numerous  deeds.     Charles  Gordon,  of  Monmouth,  was  not  the  1 

brother  of  Thomas;    and  'Sir  John  Gordon,  of  Edinburgh,  ^ 

Knight  and  Advocate,'  was  an  entirely  different  person  from  \ 

'John  Gordon,  of  Coliston,  Doctor  of  Medicine  in  Montrose.*  . 

"According   to   'Collins    Peerage,'    (Vol.    5,   p.    212),   Gor-  < 

don  of  Clunie  was  a  cadet  of  the  House  of  Huntly,  the  bar-  j 

onetcy  having  been  created  in  1625.     Their  estates  lie  in  Aber-  \ 

deenshire   and    Clunie   Castle   is   the   chief    seat.     (See    also,  \ 

'Scotch  Clans  and  Their  Tartans.')  | 

"Sir  Robert  Gordon,  of  Gordonstone,  Soctland,  was  another  | 

owner  of  a  proprietary  share.     He  was  the  third  Baronet,  b.  j 

Mar.  7,  1647,  ^^^  succeeded  his  father,  Sir  Lucovic  Gordon,  i 

in  1688;  died  1701.  He  was  also  a  first  cousin  of  Governor 
Robert  Barclay.  Barclay's  mother  was  Katherine  Gordon,  dau. 
of  Sir  Robert  Gordon,  of  Gordonstone,  ist  Baronet,  second  son 
to  the  Earl  of  Sutherland,  and  second  cousin  to  King  James 
VL,  of  Scotland.  (See  Douglas'  'Baronage  of  Scotland,'  p. 
2;  Douglas'  'Peerage  of  Scotland,'  p.  578-9;  'Barclay  Gene- 
alogy,' by  E.  B.  Moffat.") 

E.  H.  M.  (Bound  Brook,  N.  J.). 


Queries  and  Miscellany  333 

[While  the  correction  first  above  noted  was  made  in  the 
April  number  (p.  169),  yet  because  of  the  important  other 
facts  noted  we  are  pleased  to  print  the  foregoing  communica- 
tion.— Editor]. 

KiRKPATRiCK. — "Am  in  search  for  the  ancestry  of  William 
Kirkpatrick  (wife  Margaret),  who  was  granted  a  large  tract  of 
land  in  Paxtang,  Pa.,  in  1738.  William  was  born  in  1720  and 
died  in  1760,  but  where  he  came  from  is  unknown,  unless  he 
came  from  Ireland  along  with  the  other  Scotch-Irish  about 
that  time.  WilHam  had. a  son  John,  who  married  Jane,  dau. 
of  John  Wilkins,  and  from  an  old  MSS.  record  John  settled 
in  Eastern  Tennessee  after  living  in  Rockingham  Co.,  Va., 
where  most  of  his  eight  cliildren  were  born.  John  left  many 
descendants  in  the  South,  one,  Gen.  E.  W.  Kirkpatrick,  of  Mc- 
Kinney,  Texas,  b.  184^1,  is  having  a  search  made  for  his  an- 
cestry. Gen.  Kirkpatrick's  grandfather  was  Wilkins,  who 
lived  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Tenn.,  and  died  in  1837,  and  his  great- 
grand  fther,  John  according  to  the  record,  married  a  Miss 
Wilkins,  of  Pennsylvania.  In  Eagle's  'Pa.  Genealogies,'  John 
married  Jane,  dau.  of  John  Wilkins,  and  no  doubt  this  is  the 
same  John,  as  age  agrees,  and  the  fact  that  no  record  of  his 
family  is  given,  although  that  of  his  sisters  is  given.  Now  the 
question  is,  is  William  connected  with  the  New  Jersey  fam- 
ily? In  Vol.  I  of  the  'Somerset  Co.  Hist.  Quarterly,'  under 
Basking  Ridge  church-yard  inscriptions,  there  are  early  Kirk- 
patricks,  unaccounted  for  in  Vols.  Ill  and  V,  as,  e.  g.,  John 
K.,  d.  Oct.  II,  1753,  aged  60;  Margaret,  wife  of  John,  d. 
1752  ,aged  53;  and  James,  Esq.,  d.  Feb.  24,  1786,  aged  61.  It 
is  possible  that  William,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  this  James,  Esq., 
were  sons  of  John,  b.  1693,  and  Margaret." 

A.  C.  H.  (Washington,  D.  C). 

LovE-LoRE-LoREE. — "In  the  July  magazine,  N.  J.  Histor- 
ical Society,  on  page  230,  is  used  the  name  of  'Job  Love.'  I  am 
very  sure  this  should  be  Lore  (or  Loree),  as  he  served  in  the 
war  and  his  gravestone  is  still  standing,  or  was  two  years  ago 
in  the  Presbyterian  churchyard  at  Mendham.     I  have  done  a  lot 


334  Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society 


of  work  on  this  family,  and  the  name  many  times  has  been  \ 

taken  for  Love."  J.  C  F.  (Brooklyn,  N.  Y.).  \ 

["Loree"  is  the  correct  spelling,  as  appears  in  entries  subsc-  1 

quent  to  that  published  in  our  last  number. — Editor].  i 


Board  of  Proprietors. — "Referring  to  the  article  by  Air.  \ 
David  McGregor  in  the  last  Proceedings  (p.  177).  It  is  not  I 
clear  just  what  lands  were  disposed  of  by  the  Governor  and  ] 
Council.  The  questions  as  to  title  were,  I  take  it,  as  per  the  \ 
example  of  John  Inians  (p.  iSi),  solely  in  regard  to  sales  made  \ 
under  Nicholls  and  Sir  George  and  Lady  Carteret  prior  to  the  \ 
purchase  by  the  Proprietors.  Inians  bought  under  Lady  Car-  \ 
teret  1678;  also,  adjoining,  Cornelius  Longfield  1681,  and  ] 
Thomas  Lawrence  in  1681.  This  extended  this  group  of  pur-  \ 
chases  to  South  River.  The  Proprietors,  alarmed  at  the  in-  \ 
roads  made  in  their  purchase  from  Lady  Carteret,  consistently  \ 
disputed  all  previous  sales.  Longfield  did  not  obtain  a  clear  j 
title  till  1697.  (See  Reed's  Map,  designating  large  tracts  on  j 
the  pretended  bounds  of  so-and-so).  I  have  not  understood  \ 
that  any  disposal  for  cash  was  made,  except  in  the  dividends  I 
to  the  Proprietors,  first  in  1684,  second  in  1698,  and  again  in  j 
1740.  If  in  the  article  mentioned  it  is  intended  to  convey  the  | 
idea  that  the  Governor  and  Council  disposed  of  lands  by  sale,  \ 
how  was  distribution  made  to  the  Proprietors  ?"  | 

W.  H.  B.  (New  Brunswick,  N.  J.).  I 

Ansivcr  by  Mr.  McGregor 
"When  the  24  Proprietors  took  possession,  the  direct  sale  of 
land  by  the  Governor  and  Council  was  discontinued  and  allot-         \ 
ments  of  acreage  were  made  by  the  Board  of  Proprietors  to         \ 
each  individual  Proprietor  in  proportion  to  his  share.     These  j 

were  made  at  certain  times  in  the  nature  of  dividends,  and  • 

when  locations  of  these  grants  were  agreed  upon  and  properly  j 

surveyed  and  recorded,  the  individual  Proprietor  disposed  of  ! 

his  land  for  cash  or  other  consideration  as  he  saw  fit,  sub- 
ject to  the  quit-rents,  which  were  the  only  monetary  returns  \ 
that   the   Board   of    Proprietors   as    a   body    was    entitled    to  1 
receive  according  to  the  Concessions.     The  disputes  as  to  title  ' 


Queries  and  Miscellany  335 

were  based  on  the  Nicholls'  grants,  which  were  declared  invalid 
by  the  Duke  of  York,  under  whose  authority  Nicholls  had 
acted,  no  doubt  in  good  faith.  As  to  the  grants  to  Inians, 
Longfield,  etc.,  under  the  Carteret  regime,  this  was  a  dispute 
as  to  the  accuracy  of  the  surveys  rather  than  a  question  of 
title."  D.  McG.  (East  Orange,  N.  J.) 

Burnet — "In  the  April  number  of  the  Proceedings  is  an 
item  for  query  under  'Burnet,'  page  170.  It  might  be  interesting 
for  F.  H.  S.  to  know  that  Moses  Burnet  of  Brookhaven,  Long 
Island,  had  a  daughter  Dorothy,  who  married  Enos  Croell. 
Enos  died  in  1784,  and  the  widow,  Dorothy,  married  Jonathan 
Stiles  as  his  third  w'ife.  Dorothy  died  January  18.  1804,  aged 
68.  Enos  and  Dorothy  had  a  daughter  Nancy,  who  married 
Edward  Lewis.  Enos  Croell  was  born  at  Woodbridge  and 
moved  to  Morris  County  and  died  there.  Jonathan  S'iles  and 
his  wife  Dorothy  lived  at  New  Vernon  where  they  both  died." 

E.  W.  L.  (Newark,  N.  J.) 

Elizabethtown  Minutes — "I  have  occasion  to  refer  to  the 
Elizabethtown  Minute  Records,  which  are  not  in  possession  of 
the  City  Clerk  of  Elizabeth.     Where  are  they?" 

C.  E.  G.  (Trenton,  N.  J.). 

[It  is  to  be  hoped  this  inquiry  may  soon  be  answered  by 
some  reader  of  these  Proceedings. — Editor]. 

New  Orleans  Letter,  1833 — A  correspondent  suggests 
publication  of  a  letter  from  New  Orleans,  Nov.  13,  1833,  re- 
specting the  cholera,  then  raging,  the  shooting  stars  (a  metn- 
orable  year  for  that),  etc.  It  originally  apearcd  in  the  "Maga- 
zine of  American  History,"  June,  1S87.  The  letter  was  written 
by  Charles  ]\Iorgan,  cousin  to  Gen.  Daniel  Morgan  and  cousm 
to  Daniel  Boone,  an  early  settler  of  Louisiana.  The  recipient 
was  Jacob  V.  W.  Plerbert,  of  this  State. 

"I  am  glad  to  hear  the  cholera  has  not  visited  New  Jersey  as 
it  has  our  State.  I  believe  we  are  at  present  without 
a  case  of  that  terrible  scourge.  The  valley  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi  and    Ohio   has    suffered   greatly.     It    is    now   twelve 


33^           Proceedings  New  Jersey  Historical  Society  \ 

i 

months    since    it    appeared    in    New    Orleans ;    the    loss  in  \ 

this  State    in    slaves    is    estimated   at    four    millions    of    dol-  \ 

lars.     The  death  rate  in  the  city  of  New  Orleans  is  said  to  have  | 

been  ten  thousand  souls  in  the  last  twelve  months.     ...  \ 

"Last  night,  or  this  morning,  at  three  o'clock  A.  M.,  we  had  ] 

a  brilliant  illumination  of  the  heavens,  from  three  to  five  o'clock.  | 

There  came  on  a  complete  shower  of  stars.     They  fell  for  two  * 

hours  from  the  clouds,  as  thick  and  fast  as  a  July  shower  of  j 

rain,   and   continued   until   the    sun    destroyed    their    light.     I  \ 

thought  at  one  time  all  the  stars  in  the  sky  would  fall,  but  I  ^ 

could  not  see  that  they  grew  thinner  there.     The  earth  was  so  j 

illuminated  at  intervals,  that  a  pin  could  be  seen  at  any  moderate  ' 

distance.     It  v/as  the  most  elegant  display  of  hreworks  that  I  { 

ever  witnessed.    The  thermometer  sank  from  45°  to  35''  in  an  \ 

hour.     The  night  was  very  fme,  clear  ;   wind  W.  N.  W.  and  at  i 

six  o'clock  shifted  to  S.  E.     The  stars  had  a  falling  angle  of  35"  \ 

from  N.  E.  to  S.  W. ;  wind  light.     I  was  out  with  all  the  instru-  \ 

ments    I    could    raise.     The    negroes    were    so    frightened,    1  | 

could  scarcely  get  them  to  work.     A  thousand   stories   were  1 

afloat  among  them.     One  said  those  that  had  died  of  cholera  . 

were  not  well  satisfied,  and  all  cholera  subjects  were  being  j 

kicked  out  of  heaven  because  they  went  there  too  suddenly ;  ; 

not  bad  for  negro  wit!     Let  me  know  if  the  shower  of  stars  j 

was  seen  in  New  Jersey.  I 

"Now  for  politics.     I  like  Webster !     I  like  a  Jackson  hick-  \ 

cry  pole  with  a  Tecumseh  head  on  it,  or  rather  I  like  Wm.  I\L  I 

Johnson.     I  know  less  of  Van  Buren  than  any  other  'big  fish'  \ 

in  the  United  States,  but  I  shall  not  make  my  choice  for  a  year  j 

at  least  and,  when  I  do,  my  vote  shall  not  be  lost.     Webster  i 

and  Clay  are  the  greatest  men  of  our  day,  but  whether  they  will  j 

be  the  choice  of  the  people  is  a  matter  of  great  doubt.     They  I 

are  sure  to  politically  damn  themselves  if  they  travel  about  and  j 

make  stump  speeches.     I  should  not  vote  for  a  Washington  nor  | 

a  Jackson  if  I  knew  he  harangued  the  populace.     The  people  j 

know  men  and  their  character  without  being  led  like  sheep.  1 

You  northern  people  are  perfect  enthusiasts — as  hot  as  Jacobite  i 

Frenchmen.     You  spoil  everyone  that  goes  to  New  York.     I  i 
suppose  you  would  give  dinners  to  Calhoun  if  he  were  to  visit 

New  York.     Such  a  fellow  should  not  have  a  dodger  from  my  I 

oven,  and  if  he  wanted  water  he  could  go  to  the  devil  to  get  j 

it;   he  should  not  have  it  from  my  hand!     Are  you  not  quite  • 

surprised  that  the  Jerseys  have  come  to  their  senses  and  become  ! 

all  good  Jackson  men  ?     A  pretty  story,  to  have  seventy-five  | 

Jackson  men  in  a  hundred,  in  your  Legislature !     As  you  get  old  j 

become  wise.     ..."  i 


INDEX  TO  NAMES  AND  PLACES 


Abbelt,  Gov.  Leon,  148 
Abeel,  David,   36 
Aberdeen,   Scot.,   5 

Duke    of,    4  2 
Ackerman,    171 
Adims,  Barney,  139 
K.   K.,   78 

W.   I.   Lincoln,    96,    324;     article 
by,   ]43;    146 
Aeton,  Baron  do.   236 
Asens.   Kliza  C,    148 

Col.  Frederick  G.,  obituary,   148 
Frederick   G.,  Jr.,   148 
James,  148 
Sylvester  H.  I.I..  148 
Thomas,   148 
Aiken,  Capt.,  138 
Airship   of   1817,   325 
Aitherine,   Scot.,    201.    265 
Albertson,   George   F.    R.,    77 
Alburtis,  John,  1:37,   240 

Mary.  237 
Alexander,  James,  3,  160,  194 
William,  IGO;    the  baronetcy  of, 

1-4;    (see  Stirling,  Lord) 
Sir  William,  1 
Alexandria,    D.    C.    200 
Alexandria,  Va.,  206 
Alfred  the  Great,   74 
Allegheny  mountains,  53 
Allen,  Andrew,  289 
Mrs.  Charles  F.,  17G 
Mrs.  Eugene  T.,   64 
John,    77 
Nancy,  280 
Samuel,  230 
Thomas,   290 
Allentown.   50.   167 
Alpaugh.  John,  33 
Altona,   Denmark,   198 
Ambo-point,    G,    7.    8 
Amboy    Sound,    228 
Amherst    College,    248 
Ammerman,    Albert,    33 
David,   32,   232 
David,    Jr.,    33 
Amwell,    82 

Anderson,  Anna  A.,  149 
Daniel    S..    149 
Edward  F.,  66 
Eliza,   306 
Major,  305 
Nancy,   230 
Thomas,  309 
Thomas   O.,    212 
William  T.,   213,   214,   310 
Andre.  Major  John.   68,  141 
Andrews,    Frank    D.,    176 
Anlbort,  James,  25 
Anne,  Queen.   219 
Anthony,   Caleb,   37 
Antigua.  Island  of,  42,  ib,  48 
AntUl.    42 


Edward,    23 
Major  John,   23.  24 
Aquackanonk,   28,  31,   32,  135,  186, 

140.    227,    228.    229 
Argyle,  Marquis  of,  274 
Armstrong.  Mr.,  215,  310 
Captain,    213 
Betsey,    214 
Peggy,    214,    310 
Mrs.  Robert  V.,  242 
William.  310 
Arnold,    Captain,    229 

Gen.    Benedict,    68,    88,    141,    142. 

233 
Sheriff,  28 
Arrowsmith.  John  H.,  33 
Asbury,   134 
Ashfleld,   Mr.,   45 
Aten  family,  notes  on,  235 
Aaron.  237 
Adrian,   239.    240 
Adriaen  Hendrickse,  235,  et  seq. 
Annetje,    237,   238,    239,   240 
Catlyne,  238,  240 
Dirck,  237,  239 
Elizabeth,   240 
Elsje,  238 
Feyte.  237 
George,    239,    240 
Ccrardus,  240 
Helena,    237,    238 
Hendrick,    236,    237,    239 
Henry  J.,   235 
Jacob,    238 
Jan,   238 

John,    237,    239.    240 
John,  Jr..  238 
Judith,    240 
Koosie,  238 
Maria,  238.  239.  240 
Marittee.   236,   238 
Martha,   238 
Paul,   237,   238,   240 
Pietertie.    237 
Roleph.    238 
Sarah,   239 
Sytie,  237 

Thomas,  236,  237,  238,  240 
Thomas   Jr..    237 
Voelkert.   238 
Aten's  ferry,  239 
Atha,  Henry  G.,   96 
Mrs.  Henry  G.,  66 
Atkinson,  M.  Josephine,  242 
Atlee,    William,    100,    101 
Atsion,  107 

Austin  &  Granger.  307 
Auten,    Aaron,    238,    239 
Henry  F.,   239 
Nicholas.  36 
Ayers     &    Frelinghuysen,     37 
Ayres.  Obadiah,  108 
Aytown  family,  236 


338 


Index 


Babbet,   Justice,    229 
Bache,  Richard,  221 
Backhouse,    Mrs.,    308 
Baidary,    197 

Baird,    Mrs.    David    G.,    242 
Ball,  Mr.,   29,   140 
Aaron,    139 
Abner,  245 
Edward,   245 
John,    139 
Stephen,  168 
Baldwin,  Mr.,  .•?0G 
Mrs.    212,    214 
B.   O.,    30 
Elizabeth,  243 
Linas,  30 
Phoebe   G.,   152 
Capt.  Samuel,  239 
Capt.   Stephen.    139,    229 
Balfour,    John,    269 
Eali.se,   Fort,   59 
Balmuto,    Scot.,    271 
Baltimore,    Md.,     61,     66,     81,     159, 

287 
Bamber^-er,  Loui.s,   SO,   87,   96 
Bancroft,  Georpe,  238 
Bangrert,  Dr.  George  S.,  article  by, 

232 
Barbadoes.  43,  45,  48 
Barber  family,  255 
Barbour,   Thomas.    249 
Barclay,  Adam    (?),  5,   8 

David,  109,  174,  180,  1S7,  277,  278 

David,  Jr.,  5,  6,  8 

John,   5,    9,    11,    12.    119,   120,   174, 

180,  187,   189.   191 
Robert,    4,    6,    7,    9,    11,    119,    169, 
174,  179,  182,  332 
Barker,  Jacob,   33 
Barklcy,    Hugh,    33 
Barnegat,   29 

Barnes,  Edward  W.,  90;    obituary, 
60 
Major,  John,  21,  22 
Mary,  22 
Sarah  H.,   22 
Barnhart,  Dr.  John  H.,  206,   207 
Barnhill,    John.    Ill,    112,    113,    114 
Bartine,  John  D.,   323 
Barton,  Mr.,  310 

Mrs.,  310 
Basking  Ridge,  1,  75,  135,  170,  232, 
326 
oak  at,   162 
Basse.  Isle  of,  268,  275 
Bassett,  Mr.,  214 
George  T.,  66 
George  W.,  66 
Bates,    Barnabus,    222 

Capt.,  28 
Batten,    Mrs.    George.    241 
Baxter,  Charles  J.,  C2 
Beach,    Catherine    L.,    149 

Capt.  Joseph,  28 
Beardslev.   Arthur  L.,   243 
Elizabeth,    243 
Grace  S..  243 
Mabel  B.,  obituarv,  243 
Theo.   R.,   243 
Thoo.  S..  243 
Bearfort  Mountain,  303 
Beaufort,    Duke   of,   43 
Beavers,  Colonel,  134 
Bebout,  Benjamin,  77 


John,    77,    78 
Beck,    John,    109,    112 
Becker,  Isaac,  32 
Bedell,   Isaac,   227,   231,   232 

John.  51 
Bedford,  Pa.,  51 
Beekman,  Mrs.  152 

Dr.  J.  P.,   78 
Bell,  Adjutant,  31 
Catherine  L.,  148 
Edward  S.,  148 
Edward    T.,    90,    149;     obituary, 

148 
Jabez,   31,   32,   227,   228 
Mae    A.,    149 
Thornton   B.,    149 
Belcher,  Governor,  21,   83,  194 
Bellis  Familv.  82 
Belvidere,    1C3,    212,    214,    215,    234. 

298,   307.    308 
Eemerside,  183 

Benedict,    Wm.    H..    158,    175;    ar- 
ticles by,  97.  217 
Bentl-^y's  mill,   54 
Benton,  X.  Y..  134 
Berdan,  Jacob,  140 

Jan,    140 
Bergen.   18.  30,  135 
Frank,   96 
James  J..  96 
Mrs.  James  J.,  176 
J.   G.,   116 
Bergen  Countv,  60,  182,  140  et  seq. 
Bergen    Point.    99,    112 

ferry  at,    109. 
Berke'ey,  Lord.  15,  16,  17,  19,  177, 

179,    186 
Bermuda,   46 
Bernards  twsp.,  134,  230 
Bernardsville,    (see  Vealtown),   78 
Berry,    Gov.,    John.    19 

Major  .John,  1S2 
Bertrand,  Mr.,  32 
Bessonett,   Charles,    115 
Bethlehem.  156 
Bicklev,   Mr.,   4  7 
P.iddlc,  Col.  Clement,  141 
BidJeman,   George,   212,  311 
Biles,  Jonathan.  110 
Billop's  ferry,  99 
Birdsall.    Mr.,    142 
Black.    Colonel,    312 
Charles   C,    91 
Mary,  312 
Blackfan.   Agnes,   91.    242.    329 
Black  River,  210 
Blackstone.  Justice,  289 
Blackwell,  Rev.  Antoinette   B.,  70 
Blaen,  John,   263 
Blaine,  Col.   Ephraim,   143 

James   G..    143 
Blair,  Gilbert,  33 

Peter.    33 
B'anchard,    Jane,    141 
Blazing  Star  inn,   27.   99,   112,   113. 

138 
Bloc'ev,  Pa.,  307 
Bloomfiold,  246 
Hloominggrove,   212 
Blowers.   John.    229 
Bockeys.   Abraham.    108 
^Bockover,    Lieut..    28 
Podine,    r;iizabeth.   240 
Boeart,  171 


Index 


339 


Bogrert,  Cornelius,   244 

Boggs,  J.  I^awrence,  80,  87,  89,  91, 

yo,    S6,    324 
Bollen,   Mr.,    19 
Bonaparte,  Napoleon,  197 
Bond,  Colonel,   308 

Phineas,  289 

Polly,   212 
Boocock,    Rev.    Wm.    H.,    243,    245 

Mrs.    Wm.   H.,   245. 
Boone,   Governor,   219 

Daniel,   335 
Boonton,    167,    208,    209 
Bootli,   Joseph   E.,    90 
Borcalow,   HoHand,    240 
Borchcrling,  Frederick  A.,  90 
Borden,  J.  Kdward,  90;    obituary, 
141) 

Joseph,   102,  105,   114,   115,   116 

Joseph,   Jr.,    104,   105,   107,   110 
Bordentov.'n,  33,  102,  103,  104,  106, 

108,   115,   116 
Boston.    Mass.,    37,    217,    218,    221, 

222,   224,   249 
Bostwick,  Capt.,   35 
Eoswell,  Andrew,   271 
Bott,  Major,  28,  31 
Eoudinot,    Elias,    88,    291 
Bound  Brook,   28,  32,    69,   113,  135, 

139,  250 
Bound  Creek,   15 
Bovey,    Susan,    319 
Boycr,   Charles   S.,    60,   80,    91 
Boylan,   John,    135 
Bradford,   William,   217,   220 
Bradley,  Charles  B.,   96 
Brank.'some  Castle,  261 
Brasier.    Capt.,    134 
Bray,   John,    309 

Susan,    306 
Breeco    (Breese),    Bailey,   33 

Euphemia,  77 

James,   77 

William,    330 
Brennan.  John  P.,  91 
Brett,    Itev.    Cornelius,    obituary, 
243 

Maud    R.,    245 

Philip   M.,   245 

Rev.   Philip   M.,   243 

Mrs.  Philip  M.,  245 

Sir  Regrinald,   245 

Lieut.  Roger,  244,  245 
Brevoort,    Mr.,    85 
Bridf^^ehampton,     31 
Bridseton,   167 
Bridgetown  East,   167 
Bridgetown,  West,  167 
Brinckerhof,   171 
Bristol,    Pa.,    114.    117,    220 
Brittin,    Capt.,    139 
Brockhurst,  Philip  F.,  164 

Susanna,    104 
Broderick,  Clara,  214 
Brodhead,  Col..   215,  305 

John,    305,    306 
Brookfield,    Brown,    137 
Brookhaven.  I..  I.,  170.  335 
Brooklyn.  X.  Y.,  60.  213 
Brooks,  Mr.,   103 

Noah,   88 
Brown.  Doctor,  98 

Andrew.    3  6 

Benjamin,  143 


David.   232 

Capt.    Stephen,    32,    228 
Bruen,    Caleb,    29 
Brunson,  Augustus  J.,  252 
Brush,  Samuel,  119 
Bryant,   Joseph,    118 

William   Cullen,   70 
Bryantown,  135 
Bucoleuch,   261,  268 
Buchanan,   Dr.   J.   Hervey,   330 
Buckingham,   John,   110 
Budd,   Captain,   228 

Thomas,  160 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  243 
Bullman.    Mr.,    308 
Bull's  ferry,  141 
Bunce,  Ann,  310 
Bunn,  Henry,  231 

Martin,  33 
Burlington,    97,    98,    99.    100,    101. 
105.  106,  107.  108,  114,  115.  116, 
100,  167,  169,  219,  220,  291. 

ancient  door  from.  160 
Burnet  family,   83 

Dorothy,  335 

Duncan,  83 

Jonas,   171 

Joshua,    171 

Justus,   170 

Lieutenant,  30 

Mose.s,    170,    335 

Robert,  6,  12.  119.  120.  171 

Gov.  William,   12.  194 

William.  170 
Burnett,    Abner   B.,    150 

Catherine,    332 

Frances,   246 

Rachel,  150 

Sir    Robert,    332 

William   H.,   obituary,   245 
Burr,   Aaron,    68 
Butler,    John,    108,    109,    110 

Cabot,  John,  13 

Sabastian,  13 
Calais,  Me.,  320 
Caldwell,   Rev.   James,   88 

Mrs.   James,    28,    31.    137.    228 
Calhoun.   John   C.    336 
Camden  County.  60 
Camp.  Edward  B..  90 
Campbell.  Alexander.  164 

Mrs.   Edward  S..   242 

John,    187.   191 

Lord  Neil.  191,   276 
Canfleld,  Frederick  A.,  80,  87,  96; 

article    by,    221 
Canterbury.   Conn.,    31 
Capron.   Mr.s..    208,   209 
Carleton,   Sir  Guy.   24 
Carlyle.  Thomas.  75.  263,  264 
Carnes,   Ephraim.    227,    229 
Carr,  G.  Howard.  278,  285 

Rebecca   M..    285 
Carson,  Joseph,   109 

Thomas,    52 
Carter,   William    M..    175 
Carteret,    Sir    George,    7,    15,    16, 
17,   18,    19,    177,    179,   334 

Philip,    16,    17.   177,   179,   192 
Carthagena,   83 
Case,  Clarence  E.,  89 

Philip,   33 
easier,  Mary,   171 


340 


Index 


:    Peter,    171 

Phillipe,    171 
Castner,  Jacob,  33 
Castor,  Mr.,  52 

Mrs.    52 
Caywood.  Rhoda.  331 
Cazanove,  Tiieophile,  207,  208,  209. 

210 
Cedar  Brook,  9 
Chanipe,  John,   142 
Chandler.    Capt.,    137,    138 
Chang-ewater.    306 
Chapel  Kill.  N.  C,  251,  252 
Chapman,  Lewis,   33 
Charles   I.,   1,   2,    261.   264 
Charles  II.  14,  19,  45,  75,  184,  261. 

264,  272,  273 
Charleston.  S.  C.  36,  56,  132,  218, 

221,    2S7 
Chatham,  28,  29.  30,  67.  139,  208 
Chepstow,   4  5 
Cherokee,    Iowa,    319 
Chester,  31 
Chestnut  Hill,  Pa.,  64 
Child,    John,    312 
Chillecothe,   Ohio.   52 
Christie.    Mr.,    310 

Adeline,   61 

Carrie  W.,  61 

Charlotte    fBeemer),    61 

Jonathan  L.,   61 

Walter,  61 
Christian,   Geo.  B..  Jr.,   325 
Churches,    prraves    in,    7G,    169 
Cincinnati,   Ohio.   55,   159 
Clackmananshlre,  2 
Clark,  Aaron,  78 

Abigail,    78 

Abraham,   78 

Andrew,   78 

Benjamin   C,   78 

Betsey,   78 

Cavalier,   78 

Charles,    26 

Elizabeth,  78 

Hannah,  78 

James,   78 

John,    78 

Mrs.    John   S.,    242 

Joseph.    78 

Mary,  78,  91 

Noah.  79 

Roger,  307 

Samuel,   78 

Sarah,  78 

Thomas.  78,  82 

Capt.  Thomas.  83,  139 

"William.    78.    91 
Clay,    Henry,    336 
Clayton.  Mrs.  Trueman  H.,  242 
Clement,  John,  76 
Clinton.   Sir  Henry,   68 

Gen.  James.  141 
Cloburne.  Scot..  269 
Closeburn,   Scot..    74 
Cluck,    John.    104.    105 
Clunie,  Scot.,  4,  9.  190,  169 

Castle,    332 
Cobb,    Andrew    B..    316 

Andrew  L.,  obituary,  316 

Andrew  L..  Jr..  316 

Mrs.  Andrew  L..   91 

Edward.    316 

Frances  C.  316 


Frances  E.,  316 
Henry,  316 
Col.    Lemuel.    316 
Marlon.  316 
Thomas,   139 
Cockloft    Hall,    85 
Coddington,  David,  167 
Codrington.   Thomas.   69.  182 
Codwi.se.    Christopher.    40 
Coe,   Benjamin,    30 
Coert,    Steven,    40 
Coerten,  Albert,   40 
Colden,    Alexander,    24 
Cadwallader,    24 

Elizabeth,    24 

Jane,    24 

Margaret,  24 
Cole,  Josiah,  33 
Coliston.  Scot..  332 
Collins.  Isaac.  88,  161 

V.  Lansing,  207 
Coloma,  Cal.,  280,  et  seq. 
Colorados   Islands.   127 
Communipaw  ferry.  117 
Compton,  Susan.  330 
Comstock,    Sarah.    88 
Conaway,  Benjamin.  33 
Condict.    Dr.    Lewis.    83 

Rev.    record    abstracts.    25,    134, 
227 
Condit,    Rev.    Ira.,    309 

Frances   E..   316 
Conewago,   Pa..   171 
Congar.    Florence,    242 
ConklinpT.  William  J..  89 
Connecticut  Farms,  27,  28,  31,  137, 
228,  229 

River.  14 
Connelly,   James  C,    73.    175;    ar- 
ticle by,  13 
Conover.  Colonel,   305 

Ellinor,    214 

Garret  C,   33 
Cook.   Captain.   227.   228 

Major,    135 
Cooper.  Mr.,  308 

Colonel,  138 

Daniel,    110 
Cooper's    ferry,    99 
Coo's  ferry,   28 
Corkin,  Mrs.  E.  J..   240 
Cornbury.  Governor,   97 
Cornelisse.   Michael,    111 
Cornel,  Sara  Willemse,  40 
Cornell.   Rev.   William.   323 
Cornwallis,    Lord,    287 
Corson.  Joseph,  109 

Maria,  109 
Cortlandt,  Colonel,  30 
Cortright,    Simon.    310 
Corwin,  Rev.  Edward  T.,  248 

William,    232 
Coryell's  ferry,  99 
Cosine.    171 

Ellen.    171 
Coult.   Joseph.   323 
Coursen,    Abraham.    216 

Van    Tile,    212.    310 
Couse.   Eva,   323 

Joseph    I*.,    323 
Cowan,    Patrick,    107 
Cox.  Ann.  68 

Rev.    Mr..    231 

Thomas.   287 
Coxe,  Col.  Daniel.   169 


Index 


341 


Cozad.  Capt.,  227,  230 
Cozart,   171 
Cor.ens,  Richard,   26 
Cragsmoor,    N.    Y.,    319 
Craig,   Captain,    25 

Frazee,   26,   27 

Jeremiah,    33 

Lieut.  John.  33 

Laura  M.,  245 

Moses,  33 

Robert,   33 

Robert   A.,   33 
Cranbury,   97,  107.  115 
Crane,  Colonel.   137,   213 

Alfred   J.,    144 

Azariah,  144 

Capt.  Francis.  131 

Jasper.  Sr.,  144 

Jasper,  Jr.,  144 

John,    13C 

Joseph,   113 

Joseph,    Sr.,    144 

Nathaniel.  143.  144  ;■ 

Rev.  Oliver.  144,   145 

William,   144.   145  i  ,, 

Cranetown.    144  ii 

Crav/fordsville.    Ind.,    279 
Croell,    Eiios,    335  \i:\ 

Nancy,  33  5 
Cromwell,  Oliver,  43 
Crook,  Anron,  33  ' 

Crooked   Billet  tavern,  98  I 

wharf,   98,   104.   lOG.   116  J  , 

Crosby,  Lillian,   91  1     • 

Crosley,    Samuel,    101  . 

Cross  Creek,  Pa.,  53  ]  . 

Crosswicks,    312,    97  '■■ 

brldg-e,   102 
Cuckoldstown,    N.    Y.,    27 
Cumberland,   132 
Cummings,  Hiram  W.,  230 

William,   230 
Cuningham,  Thomas,  33 
Cunninghame,   Col.   David,   269 
Cupar,   Scot.,    261,    268 
Cutler,    Mrs.    AVillard   W.,    80.    89, 
96,    241 

Dacket.  Mrs.,  108 
Dagworthy,  Captain  John,  22 
Dalley,   John,    220 
Danbury.    67 
Darlson.   William,    135 
Davenport.  Josiah  F.,  113 
Davidson,  Kev.  Robert,  42 
Davidson's  tavern,  307 
Davies,  John.  208 
Davis.   Mr..   288 

Lieut.  Marshall,  83 

W.    T..    204 
Dawson.  Alexander,  33 
Day.   Captain.   227 

Nehemiah.   229 
Dayton.  Mr..   211 

Captain.    168 

General,    138 
Dearborn    co.,    Ind.,    77 
Deats,  Hirsm  E.,  82,  95,  255,  278 
DeBaun.  Abram,   61 
De  Bow,  Mr..  225 
De  Castro.  Gen.,  281 
Decker,   Charles   M.,    90 
■   Isaac.  109 
Decker's  ferry,   27 


Deckertown.  27,  212.  213,  214,  305, 

306,   311 
de  Fontenoy.  Marquis,  1,  159 
DeGrove.  John,   116 
De  Hart's  Point.   25.   32 
De   Heister,   Gen..    286 
Dejeau.  General  Count,  197 
Delaware.  97 

Delaware  River.  14,  15,  163 
Delaware  and  Raritan  Canal,  39 
Delaware   township,   83 
Dellaman,    Mr.,    97 
Demarest,  171 

Demarest,    Milton,    90;     obituary,. 
60 
Mary.   242 

De.  W.  K.  S..  article  by,  257         . 
Demayne,  William,  116 
De  Mott.   Anthony,   237 
Johannes,    238 
Maria,    237,    238.    239 
Peter,    33  ;         " 

Michael.    237 
Demund.    Edward,   3a 
Dennis,  John,  36 
Patrick.  135 

Samuel,  182  ; 

de  Peyster,   Abraham,   68  i 

De    Puy.    Mr.,    215,    305 
de  Russy,  Mrs.  C.  A.,  176 
Dewey,  Capt.  Samuel  W.,  222,  223 
Dexter.  Jonathan,   307 
Dey   mansion,    86,    140 
Anthony.    118,    140 
Derrick,    140,    141 
Gen.  Richard,  140 
Col.  Theunis,  140 
Theunis.  141 
Thomas.    141 
Dickerson,  Mr.,  310 
Mahlon,   222 
Cant.  Thomas,  230 
Dickinson,  Gen..  32,  137,  227,  228 

Silas,    212 
Dimmick,  Squire,   216 
Dimock,  Weston   P.,   91 
Dimon,  Gov.,   202 
Disbrow,   William  S..   80,  96 
'  Ditmarse.  Nicholas.   33 
Dixon.  Mrs.  George  "T.,  90 
Dixon's  Mill.   52,   54 
Dobbs'  ferry,  30 
"Dockwra,  William,  182,  187 
Dod,    Capt.,    227 
Dodd.  Lydia.  66 
Doesburg,  Hoi..  235.  240 
D'Olier,  Mis.s  Alice  C,  241 
Dolphin    Head.    131 
Doremus.  Eleanor  O.,  66 
Elias  O..  66 
Elizabeth  U.,  66 
Frederick  H.,  90;    obituary,  66 
Henry  M..   90;    obituary,  150 
Johannes.   140 
Peter  G.,  150 
Susanna,  150 
Dorsey.  H.  W..  199 
Dote.    Isaac,    108,    109 
Dotz.  Capt.  Stephen,  32 
Doughty.  Major.  21)2 
Douglas.   William.   109 
Dow,  Hardenberg,  33 

Henry,  33 
Dowbey,    I.    M.,    314 


342 


Index 


Downer,   Robert.   135 
Downey,  John,  112 
Doylestown,  Pa.,  307 
Drake,   family,    76 

Colonel,    31,    213,    228 

Elisha,   77 

James,    116,    117 

Wilbur  A.,   77 
Drummond,    Anne,    261 

John,   184 

Sir  John,  261,  263,  274 

James,  184 
Duboise,  Mrs.  214 
Duchess  of  Dubarry,  203 
Duffy,  Michael,  221 
Duke  of  York,  193,   335 
Dumfrieshlro,  Scot.,  74 
Dumon,    vTohn,    3  3 
Dunks  ferry,   110,   313 
Dundas,  Capt.,   131 
Dunham,  Capt.  Elisha,  26 

Colonel,  i;'6 
Dunnottar  Castle,  274,  275,  276 
Durand,  Wallace,   90 
Duryee,  Capt.,   134 
Dusenbury,    family,    240 
Duychinck,  Major,  137 

Richard,  33 

William,  33 

Eagleswood   Academy,   153 

Earl  of  Melfort,   1S4 

Earl  of  Perth,   1S4 

Easton,  Pa.,  54,  156,  208,   210,   307, 

308 
East  Orang-e,   66,  177 
Eatontown,  149 
Eben,  Captain,  146 
Eberhard.  C.  F.,  95 
Eden,   Governor.    290 
Edentown,    X.    C,    36 
Edgar,  Clarkson,  78 
Edg-e,   Walter   E.,   85 
Edinburgh,     Scot.,     265,     266,     268, 

274 
Edin  river,  266,  271 
Edin's  head,   Scot..   271 
Edmondson,    William,    110 
Edsall,    Capt.,    139 
Edward   VII,    245 
Edwards.   Gov.   Edw.   I.,    63,    89 
Eisle,   John   C,    322 
Ellzabethport.  220 
Elizabeth       (Elizabethtown),      11, 

14,    18,    19,    25,    27,    28,    29,    31, 

32,    70.    97,    109,    113,    114,    116, 

117,  118,  140,  166,  167,  168, 
178,  179.  182,  183,  191.  194,  213, 
228     229     232     291,   309 

Elizabethtown "Poin't'  25.   37.   38,  99. 

118,  135,  211,  213,  219,  227,  228. 
230 

ferry  at.  109 
Ellicott.  P:iias,   66 

Margaret,    66 
Ellin,    William,    290 
Elliott,   Com.   J.    D.,    221.   222 
Elmendorf,    Blandina,    323 
Elmer,  Rev.,   28 
Emott,  James,  181 
English.  Thom.is  D.,  88 
Englishtown,   134 
Ennis,  Mr.,  216 

James.  227 
Esher.   Lord,   245 


Esler,  John,  229 
Esopus,    N.    Y.,    230 
Eugenie,    Empress,    256 
Everett,  Mass.,  249 
Everett,  Mrs.  John  D.,  91 

Faber,  Dr.  John,  90 
Faesch,   Mr.,   209 
Fairbanks,  Richard,  217 
Fairchild,  Ab..  232 
Farmer,  Capt.  Robert,  83 
Farrand,   Samuel,   229 
Fellows,  A.  F..  154 
Felmly,    John,    33 

Moses,    33 
Fenton,    William,    52 
Fenwick,  John.  75 
Ferguson.   Mr..  5 
Ferris,    Mr..    209 
Fewsmith,  Dr.  Joseph,  90 
Field,    Alia    P.,    63 

Cyrus  W.,   68 
Fielder,  Governor,  62 
Fifeshire,    Scot.,   261 
Finley,    Rev.    Dr.,    326 
Fisher.  Isaac,  39 

Low,  39 
Fiske,    Admiral,    315 
Fitz     Randolph,    Stelle,     91     (see 

Randolph) 
Flanders,   216 
Flatbush.    L.    I.,    236 
Flatlands,    40 
Flemington,   156,   167 
Fletcher,  Governor,   218 
Florida,    Gulf   of,    125.    131 
Followfield,    Pa.,    51.   53 
Folsom.    Joseph     F.,    81,    96,    143, 
207.    242;   articles   by,    207,    293 
Folwell,    Joseph,    115 
Forbes,    Arthur.    5,    8,    180,    187 
Ford,   Colonel,   31.    230 

Jacob.  135 

Judge,    38 
Forman,  Gen..   34,   35 

Brook.   221 
Forsyth,   James,   275 
Fort   Chambers,    231 
Fort  Leavenworth,  65 
Fort    McHenry,    81 
Fort,    Gov.    John    Franklin,    90 
Foss,  Calvin  W..   207 
Foster's  Meadows,   L.   I.,   237 
Four  Lane's  End.   116 
Fowler.   Dr.,   306 
Fox,  John,   220 
Frankford.    49,    212,    213,    214,    305, 

306.   308,   310 
Franklin,   163,   306 
Franklin.    Benjamin,    88,    98,    113, 
160,    210,    221 

Gov.    William.    22 
Freehold,    89,    120 
Frelinghuysen,     Gen.     Fred.,     32, 

136,    137,   228 
Fremont.  John  C,  280 
French,    Robert,    245 
Fry,   Mr..   54 

Fulkerson.    Lieut.   William,    33 
Fullerton,   Catherine,    332 

John,   332 

Robert.    187.   189 

Thomas.    187,   189,   191,   332 
Fulton,  Robert.  37 


Index 


343 


Gamble,  Col.  John  M.,  79 
Ganish,  Michael,   35 
Gardner,   C.  C,    78 
Garretson  family,  140 
Garrigues,    Jacob,    28 

John.   28 
Gaston,  Dr.   Samuel  K.,   33 
Gates,  Gen.  Horatio,  142 

Dr.   Merrill   E..    25S 
Gay.  William,  33 
Gedney,   George   J.,   176 
George,   Nicholas,    105 

Viscount    Tarbet,    274,    276 
Germain,    Lord    George,    287 

Battle  of,   34 
Germantown,    34,    35 
German  Valley,   210 
Gerould,    J.   T.,    73 
Gibbons,   Thomas,   37,   16C 

William,   119 
Gibson,   Elizabeth,   144 

William,   7 
Gifford,  Archer,  209 
Gillan,   Capt.,   30 
Gilston,  Scot.,  274 
Gla.sgow,    Scot.,    262 
G'.enwood,    164 
G!cn\vood    Springs,    Col.,    243 
Gloucester,    100,    312,   313 
Gnichtel,  Frederick  W.,   1G6 
Godfrey,    Dr.    Carlos    E.,    84,    161, 

176 
Colder,  Michael,   33 
Gomez,   13 

Goode,  G.  Brown,  199 
Goodw  in.  Rev.  Hannibal,  314 
Gordon,    42,    215,    262 

family,   231 

Major,   216 

Augustin,   10,   169 

Charles,   332 

Duchess  of.  43,  44,  45 

Helen.    9 

Dr.   John,    332 

Katherine,   332 

Sir  Ludowick,  169,  332 

Margaret,  169 

Robert,    4,    9,    11,    120,    169,    190, 
331 

Sir  Robert,  332 

Thomas.    9,    120,    169,    187,    189, 
191,  331.  332 

William.  169 
Gordonstone,   Scot.,    332 
Goshen,  K.  Y.,  215,  30C,  308.  310 
Gottheil,  Prof.  Richard  J.  H.,  72 
Gouveneur,  42 
Gouverneur,  Nicholas,  85 
Graham,  42 

Widow,  136 

Isabella,   47 

James.    47 
Grandin.  Rev.  Wm.,  305 
Granger.   John,   310 
Grant,    Rev..    309 

George.  135 

Gen.   L'lvsses  S..   232,   235 
Granville  Center,  Mass.,  257 
Gray,   Dr.,   207 

Lord,   5 
Green,  Chancellor.  74 
Greene.    Gen.    Nathaniel,    24,    142, 

253 
Greonsburg,  Pa.,  51 
Greenwood  Lake,  296 


Grice,   Capt.,    288 

Griffith,  Lydia,  78 

Griggs,   Samuel.   216 

Griggstown.    319 

Groome,  Samuel,  5,  8,  12,  179,  181, 

182,   183,   185 
Groszmann,  Maximilian  P.  E.,  176 
Grummond,  Mr.,  117 
Guest.  Moses.   36 
Guinness.  Dr..  215 
Gummere,  Mrs.  Francis  G.,  71 
Gustin.  Mr.,  215 
Gysbertsen,  Lubbert,  236 

Haasis,    Mrs.    A.,    204 

Habir,  Captain,  124 

Hackensack,    32,    49.    60,    61,    112^ 

138.    167.   227,    228,    229,   230 
Hackensack  river.  9b 
Hackettstown,    167,    313 
Hackquin,    Capt.,    57,    59,    123,    124,. 

125,    126,    133,    158 
Haddonfield,  312 
Hadfield.  92 
Hagaman,  Daniel  H.,  33 

Dennis,  33  1 

Simon,  Jr..  33 
Hagar,    Arthur    P.,    247 

Clara  H..   247 

George  J.,   90;    obituary,   246 

Jotham  M.,   246 
Haggerty.  Mr.,  310 

Capt.,   212 

John,    213 

Mary,    310 

Nancy,  214 

Polly,  214 
Haig.   William.  183,   186 
Haight,  Joseph,   114 
Hainer,  John,   25 
Haines,   Quartermaster.   135 
Haines.  Henry  S.,  88,  IGO 

Margaret  T.,  242 
Haldimand,   Gen.,   287 
Half  Moon   Battery.    104 
Hall,    Idelette   L.,    60 

Jacob,  135 

John,    134 

Ogden,  141 
Hallhill,  Scot.,  260,  272 
Hallock,  Mrs.  Isabella  H.,  175 
Halsey,   Nathaniel,   139 
Halstead,  Mr.,  305 

Job   S.,   214,   215 

Matthias.    168 

Robert,   215 
Halstead's  Point,  25 
Halsted,   Major   George  B.,   88 
Hamburg,    167,    213.    214.    306 
Hamilton,  Alexander,  US 

Gov.   Andrew,    97,    172,    173,    191, 
218 

John,   22 

Col.  John,  218,  219,  221 

Col.    Morris,    84 

Wm..    30  7,    30  8 
Hamilton  College,    63 
Hancock,    Joseph,    107 
Hand,    Gen.    Edward.    141 
Hankinson.  Henry.   215 
Pl.nnovcr,    29,    20S,     209 
Harding,  Pres.  Warren  G.,  89,  324, 
325 

William,  288 


344 


Index 


Harker,  Capt..  129 
Harlingen,  41 
JHarned,   John   F..   175 

Julia,  150 
Harris,    Dr.    202,    203,    204 
Harrisburg,   Pa.,    f.l,   306 
Harrison,  77 

Captain,   56.   123,   124 

Thomas,  30 
Hart,   Rev.   John,    71 

Joseph,    114,    115 
Hartshorne,    Richard,    182 
Harvard    University,    64,    260 
Hashmad  Jung,  75 
Haskin,  Caot.,  139 
Hatfield,  Capt.  Cornelius,  168 

John    S.,    168 
Hathavi^av.  Capt.,   2S 
Havana,  57,  5S.  125 
Havorford,   Pa.,    71.    320 

College,    207 
Haverstraw,  N.  Y.,  138 
Hav,-aii,  79 

Hav/thorr.den,  Scot.,  261,  263 
Hay,  John,  313 
Hays,  Major,   2y,   30,   136,   137 
Hay's  inn,  30  7 
Hayc.s.   Lieut.,    232 

David   A.,    92,   95 
Hayhur.^t,    Waltor   F„    80,    278 
Heard,  Gen..  31,    137,   228 
Hedges.  Mr.,   24.') 
Hecs,  Holland.   41 
Hell  Gate,  N.   Y..   136 
Hempstead,   N.   Y.,    136 
Hendric.  Dr.   Joseph   I.,   214,   306 
Heiidrickson,  I'eter,  134 
Hendrickzen,   Hendrick,   240 

Grietje,   240 

Johannes.  240 
Hennion    David  D.,  140 
Henry  VII.  13 
Henry,  Prince  of  Wales,  1 
Henry,  Daniel,   33 

David.  313 

Prof.  Joseph,  156 
Herbert  Jacob  V.  W.,  335 
Herpers,  Ferdinand  J.,   91 

Henry  F..  91 
He-ston.   Alfred  M.,   91 
Hetfield,    Mr.,    29 

Sara,    78 
Heusser,  Albert  H.,  5!) 
Heyer,  Col.  Jacob,  116,  137 
Hiawatha,    Kans.,    235 
Higbee,  Harrison  S..  317 

James    S.,    obituary,    317 
Hight,   David.    136 

John  A.,  136 
Hill.  Charity,  231 

Joanna,  321 

John,  231 

Margaret,  231 

Thomas,   231 

Capt.   Thomas,    230,   231 
Hilliken's  ferry,  109 
Hillsdale.  77 
Hillyer,  Simon.  36 
Historical   Societies   in   New   Jer- 
sey,  175 
Hoboken,  308 
Hoes,   Rev.   John    C.    F.,    248 

Rev.    R.    Randall,    obituary,    248 

Mrs.    R.    Randall,    256 
Hoffman,  Josiah   Ogden,   118 


Holcomb  family,  255 

Holcombe,  Dr.  R.  C,  255 

Holland,   14 

Holly.    Mr..    213 

Holman,  Mrs.  Geo.  W.,  Jr.,  242 

Francis,  108,  109 
Holmes,  Major,  Asher,  3  4,  35 

Judge,  311 

John,    35 

Mrs.  Sarah,   35 
Holten,   Charlotte,    154 
Homans.   Joel,   2li9 
Home,  Archibald.  170 
Homes,    Major,    5 
Honeyman,   A.  Van  Doren,  80,  S6, 
96,   175,   235 

Mrs.  A.  Vazi  Doren,  91 

William  H..  33 
Hood,  Vivian  P.,  60 
Hoops,   Col.,   136 
Hooton,   Thomas,    100 
Hope,  312 

College,  244 
Hopewell.    88,    206 
Hopkins.   Mrs.    310 

Harvey  S..   84 

Hector,  310 

Rebecca,    310 
Hopper,  Ida  E.,  152 

Judge  John,  152 

Mary   A.,   152 

Robert  I.,  obituary,  152 
Hoppin,    Washington,    201 

C.  A.,  84 
Hornbeck,  Joseph^  311 
Horner,  Airs.  Henry  J.,  242 
Hornor,   R.  E..   204 
Horton.   David,   32 

Capt.  Nathaniel,  31,  228 
Hot  Springs,  Ark.,  65 
Hover,   Ezekiel,    51,   52 

Joseph,   52 

Manuel,  51 

Susannah,  49 
Howe,  Dr.  Charles  M.,   90 

Gen.  Robert,   141 

Sir  William.   6S,   286,   289 
Howell,   Mrs.   Caroline  S.,    91 

Edward,    137 

Mrs.  Henry  R.,  241,   242 

John  H.  B.,  154 

Levi,   50.  212.   216,   310 

Mrs.  Samuel  C.  242 

Capt.  Silas.  230.  293 
Hubbard,  Emma  L..  247 
Hudibras  tavern,  113 
Hudnut,    Miss    Isabelle,    241,    242, 

324 
Hudson,  Henry,  13 
Hudson   River.    13,   15,   37,   121 
Hugg,  Mr.,  313 
Hughes,   Doctor,   306 

Charles   E.,   81 

Ida  E.,   152 

Nancy,   306 
Hulbert,  Martha.  88 
Hull,  Mr.,   305,  310 

Harrie  T.,   90 

Mrs.  Lola  M.,   154 

Samuel.  310 

Mrs.  Samuel.  310 
Hunt.  Doctor.  50.  213,  310 

Major   David,   118 

Enoch,  33 

Stephen,  33 


Index 


345 


Kunter,  GoYcrnor,  194 

Mary  S.,   88 

William,   221 
Hunterdon  County,  22.  49,  134 
Hurd,  Gen.,  136 
Hutchins,  Annie  M.,  249 
Hutton,  Richard,  276 

Thomas,   103 
Hyderabad,  Princess  of,  75 
Hver,  Jacob,  113 
Hyers,  Col.  Jacob,   116,    137 

Imhoff,  C.  M.,  91 
Imlay,  Mary  A.,  152 
Indian  Queen  inn,   114,  115 
Indian   hostilities,   292 

langruapes,    72 

relics,   330 
Indianapolis,  Ind.,  62 
Ingleton,  Mary  K.,  95 
Ingroldsby,  Governor,  194 
Inians  John   181,    334 
Inians  ferry,  99 
Inniss,  Rev.  Alexander,  331 
Insley,  Mr.,  240 
International    Mercantile    Marine 

Co.,  67 
Irvine,  Alexander,  331 

Catherine,  331 

John,  33 

William,  33 

Gen.  William,  141 
Irving,  Washington,  70,  85 

Jackson,  Mich.,  62,  63 

Gen.  Andrew,   202,   336.   221 
Jacobus,  Capt.  James,  229 
Jacques,  Col.   Mo.se.--,   25,   26,   137 
Jaeger,  Prof.  Benedict,  196 
Jamaica  Island,   46 
Jamaica,    N.    Y.,    136 
James,   Mr.,    78 
James  I,  1 
James  VI,  1,  261 
James  VII,  184 
Jamieson,   A.   F.,   154 
Jansen,  Charles  W.,  117 
Jay,  Gov.  John,   165 

Sarah  V.   B.,    165 
Jenkins,  Captain,   38 
Jennings.  Samuel,   88,   160 
Jeroloman,   Captain,    30 

John,    231 
Jersey   City,    14,    159 
Jobstown,   312 

Johns  Hopkin's  University,    258 
Johnson,  David,  211 

Dinah,   240 

George,   116,   117 

Gershom,  116 

Henry.   50,   215 

Capt.  Henry,  49 

Hetty,  306 

Jesse,  109 

John,   49,    50,    211,    215,    216,    232, 
305,    311,    312.    313 

Jonathan,   212 

Mary,   255 

Rachel,   255 

Robert,   255 

Samuel,    50,    123,    124,    305,    307, 
314 

William,  49 

■William  M.,  49,  96,  336 


Lieut.  Wilson,  231 
Johnsonburg,     50,    167.     211,    212, 

215,   308,   321 
Johnston,   Arthur,   262 

Col.   John,   140 

Judge  Samuel,   171 
Johnstone,  Eupham  S.,  278 

James,  187,  191 

Dr.  John,  194,  277 
Jones,  Charles   H.,   90 

E.  Alfred,  articles  by,   21,  2SG 

Jeffery,  20 

Mrs.  S.  T.,  70 

Kandern,  Baden,  280 

Kean,  42 

Kearny   family,   42 

James  L.,  obituary,  152 

Com.    Lawrence,    152 

Gen.  Philip,  2*5 
Kehoe,  Miss  Irene  I.,  91 
Keimer,  Samuel,   160 
Keith,  George,   120.   186,  274 
Kelley,  Ebenezer  T.,  255 

Eunice,   255 

Samuel,  255 
Kelsey,    Frederick    W.,    80 

Rayner  W.,  207 
Kendall,    Dr.    Calvin    N.,     90,    91; 
obituary,  61 

David    W.,    64 

Edward    AI..    61 

Leonard  J.,   62 

Louis  F-.  155 

Mary,    155 

Sarah   M..    62 
Kennedy,  Andrew,  269 

Archibald,    33 

Capt.  Archibald,  68 

William,  310 
Kensington,    288 
Kent,    Eng.,    316 
Keteltas,   Catharine,  165 

Peter,  165 
Kidder,  Camillus  G.,  90;    obituary, 
64 

Herrick,    G.    F.,    64 

Jerome   F.,    64 
Kierstead,  Lieut.  Lucas,   140 
Killan,  Victor,   230 
Kil   von   Kull.    99 
Kimble,   Caleb,    231 
King.   Mr..    23  2 

Jerry,   28 

John  A.,  260 

Jud..  28 
Kingman's  ferry.  31 
Kingston.    N.    Y.,    237,    248 

records,  256 
Kinney.  Captain,  215,  229 

Thomas  T.,  83 
Kinsey's  Corner.  26 
Klrkendell,    Mr..    51 
Kirkpatrick,    family    in   Scotland, 
74.  256 

Achilles,  75 

Alex,   de   L.,    256 

Andrew,    3S,    307 

Sir  Charles  S.,  75 

Gen.    E.    W..    333 

Ivone  de.   74 

James,   333 

John,   333 

Margaret,  332 


346 


Index 


Sir  Thomas,  75 

WilUam.   332 

W.  P..  75 
Kirktoune,    James,    268 
Klim,  Peter,  310 
Kline.  Barnet  D.,  36 
Knig-htspottie,  Scot.,  261 
Kniphausen,   General,   137 
Knowlton,    214 

records  of,  84 
Knox,   Gen.   Henry,    223,   224,    225, 
226 

headquarters  of,  253 

Lady  I.ucy,    253,   254 
Knoxboro,  N.  Y.,   61 
Koeck,  Peter,   67 
Kortright,  Capt.  John,  165 

Lafayette,  General,   69.  164,   253 

George  \V.,   145 
Lafayette  College,  206 
Laing,  Capt.  John,  26,  29,  119.  120 
■Lambertville.  99,   113,  278,  285 
La  Monte,  Caroline  B.,   69 

George    M.,    69 
Lancaster,    Pa.,    159 
Lane,  Derrick,   33 
Guisberl,   33 
John.   33 
Langstraat,   Adaranche,   239 
,  Lansbury,   Mr.,    211,   213 
«  Larrison,  James,   134 
Mahlon,   134 
Mary.  134 
Sylvester,  134 
Thomas.  134 
Lathrop,  Emma  G.,  321 
Latimer.    Mr.,    2  22 
Laud,   Archbishop,   263 
Lauderdale,  Duke  of,   267 
Lawrence,   Mr.,    42,   306 
Judge.    214 
Col.   Elisha,    24 
Maria,    214 
Thomas,    334 
Lawrenceville,    155 

Academy,    65 
Lawrie,  Gawn,   4.   5,   9.   11.   12,  180, 

182,    183,    185,    186.    189 
Layton.    Capt..    227 
Leavenworth,  Kansas,  65 
Lebanon,  49 
Lebanon,  Pa.,  51 
Leconte,  Major,  202 
Lee,  Judge,  313 
Major  Henry,  142 
Gen.  Charles,  135,  229 
Israel,   28,   29 
William,   29 
Lefferts,    Elizabeth   Morris,    42 
Lehigh  river,  50 
Leith,    Scot..    275 
Lennington,    Mary.    165 
Lenturg.   Scot.,    331 
Lersner,  Clarence  L.,  91 
Le  Rue  family.  88 
Lethenty,  Scot.,  12.  119 
Letson,  Joseph,   118 
Lewis.  Abigail.    141 
Edmund,   88 
Edward,   335 
Lexington,    Ky.,    291.    292 
Leys.   Scot..   332 
.Llese,  Frederick  C,  148 


Lincoln.  Henry,  223 
Martin,  56 
William,    223 
Lindabury,  Mrs.  Richard  V.,  243 
Linn,   Major   James,    135 
James,   165 

John    212.    216.    310.    311 
Mary  L.,  165 
Lines.    Bishop    Edwin    S.,    79,    95 
Linoleumville,    109 
Lippincott,  Horace  M.,  314 
Lititz,  Pa..  280 
Little,  Capt.  Eliakim,   139 
Little  Egg   Harbor,    8,    121 
Little    Falls,    141 
Little   Rock,   Ark..   240 
Livingston.   37 
Ann,   165 
Catharine,  165 
Edward  B.,  164 
Elizabeth  C,  165 
Henry  B.,  82,  165,  166 
John,    165 
John  L.,  165 
John   R.,   37 
Judith,   165,  166 
Mary,  165 
Philip,   164 
Philip    F.,    165.    166 
Philip  V.   B..    165 
Robert.    155 
Robert    J..    37 
Sarah  V.  B.,   165 
Susanna,    165 
Gov.  William,  82,  194;  family  of, 

164 
family  of,   164 
William,    165 
William,   Jr.,    82 
Lock,    John,    310 
Lodge,   Henry  C,   81 
Logan,  Capt.  William,  135 
Logansville,  134 
London,   Eng.,   5,   42,    65 
Long,  Mr.,   25 

Thomas,    168 
Longcope,   Samuel,    307,   308 
Longfield.  Cornelius,  334 
Long  Hill,   28 
Long  Island,  14,  98 

Battle    of,    31.    229,    232 
Long  Pond,   296,   303 
Longstreet,  Captain,   136 
Aaron,   117 
Col.   Charles,    212 
(See  Langstraat) 
Long    Valley,    208 
Loree,  Job,  333,  230 
Louis   XV,    203 
Louisiana  Territory.  56 
Louisville.    Ky..    159,    293 
Love,  Job  333    (see  Loree) 
Lovelace,    Governor.    19,    217,    218 
Lowery,   Mr.,    312 
Loyalton.  S.  D.,  240 
Lubbertse,  Elizabeth,  236.  238 

Gysbert,  236 
Ludlow.  Ann,  165 
Ann  W..  165 
C     28 

Rev.  Gabriel,   71 
Gabriel   H..   165  ^^^    ^^^ 

Lum,  Charles  M..  80,  96,  324,  325 

Mrs.  Charles  M..  242 
Luse    (Luce).  Captain.   227,   228 
Damaris,    232 


Index 


347 


Capt.  Henry.  256 

Col.  Nathan,   31,   32,   227,   228 

Shobal,  33 
Lutz.  Dr.  F.  E.,   207 
Lynn,  Mass.,  245 
Lyon,  Adrian,  1S3 

Henry,  1S3 

Joseph,  30 

Kebecca,    IS,    82 
l^yons,  Nathaniel,  135 

MG.A.dams,   William,   25 

McBride,   John.    33 

McOabe,  Capt..   57,   58 

McCalea,  Mr..   SOS 

McCarier   &   English,    320 

McCloud.  Lord,   l74,   276 

McColiuni,  Maiachi,  230 

McCoy,  Captain.   135,   1S6,   231,   232 

MoCullen    &    Johnson,    213 

McCuliough,    William,    216 

William    C,    212 
McDermott,  Frank  P.,  90 
McL'>ougal,  Gen.,  34 
McGinnis,  John,   7S 
McGregor,  Mrs.  Austin  H.,  242 

David,    12,   255,   3  34;    article   by, 
177 

Capt.  Patrick,  187 
Mclntyre,   Ann,   214 
McKeesport,    Fa.,   54 
McKinney,    Texas,    333 
Mcpherson,  Cnauncey  R.,  329 

Mrs.  William,   32J 
Macdonald,    Alexander,    2 
Mackay,   J.   G.,    2G2 
Mackenzie,   George,   274  ' 

MacKie,   Mrs.    Arthur    H.,    242 
MacLean,  President,  64 
JIacWhorter,  Rev.  Alexander,   88 
Magie,   Henrietta  G.,   242 

William   J.,   13,   15 
Maine,    University    of,    63 
Maiden,    Mass.,    249 
Man,  Samuel,   168 
Manheim,  Germany,  326 
Manwarring,    Capt.,    57,    59,    122 
Maplewood,  245 
Marksboroug-h,  306 
Marne,  Battle  of  the,   145 
Marr,   Charles,   209 
Marselis,    Ide,    251 

Mary,    251 
Marshall,  Abigail,  278 

Mary,    278 

Philip,    278 

Rebecca,  278 

Sarah,    278 

Sarah  H.,  278 
Marshall's  Corner,   278 
Martin,   Colonel,    31 
Mary  of  Guise,    262 
Mary,  Queen   of  Scots.,  272 
Mather,  Edith   H.,  article  by,   260 
Matson,    John.    100 
Matthews,     Gov.    John,     141 
Maurer,   Charles   I^.,    329 
Maxwell,  Capt.   John,    235 
Maxwell,  Gen.  William,   138 
Maybry,  Mr.,  215 
Mayham,    Rav    E.,    91 
Meddard,   Colonel,    32 
Meeker,   Major   Samuel,    231 
Mephee,    William.    102 
Mehelm,  Col.  John,  32 


Melick,  Aaron,   33 

Capt.    Daniel,    33 
Melville,   Sir  James,   260.   270 

Margaret,    260,    2C1 
Mendham,  229,  230,  233 
Meredith,  Albert  B.,  60 
Mersereau,    David,    109 

John,    109,    111,    113,    114,    115 

Joshua,    109 

Maria  Corson,    109 
Mesier,    Abraham,    111 
Messier,   Cornelius,    33 

William,    33 
Metuchen,   330 
Mexico,  Bay  of,  125 
Miami,  Ohio,  292 
Michigan   University,    258 
Mickle    family,    256 
Middagh,    Dirck,    239 

Col.     Derrick,     252 

Jacobje,    239 

Dr.  Richard,   252 
Middle  Smithfield,  308 
Middletown,  X.  Y.,  18,  SI,  110,  1S2 
Middletown  Point,  1G7 
Milford,    Pa.,    212,    215,    305,    310, 

311 
Milledoler,   Rev.   Philip,   243 
Miller,  Eugene,  91 

Capt.   Melvyn,    78 
Miller's  tavern,   210 
Millington,  66 
Mills,    Captain,    28 

John,    28 
Millstone,  229 
Milne,  Capt.,   289 
Milton,  Mr.,  136 
■Mingo,   Pa.,    53 
Minnesota.   University  of,   73 
Minnisink.    31,    32,    163,    306,    308. 
Minton,   Samuel,    230 

Stephen  D.,  33 
Minuit.   Peter,  67 
Mississippi,  55 

River,   55 
Mizner,  John,  33 
Moffat,   Prof.,   20  6 
Monipenny,  Margaret,   261,  265 
Monmouth,   P.  O.,   167 

County,    46,    120 

Battle  of,  232 

Duke   of,    5 
Monmouthshire,  42,  43,  45 
Monongahela  river,  51,  53 
Monroe,  N.  Y.,  144 
Montague,    87,    308,    311 

Lord,  287 

township,  139 
Montclair,    145,    146 

Washington     Headquarters    at, 
143 
Montfort,  171 
Montgomery,  N.  Y.,   244 
Montrose,   Marquis   of,   47 
^loody's  rock,  163 
Moon,  James.    luO,    102 
Moore,    Mr.,    19 

Lieut.   Amos.,    137 

Captain,    137 

Colonel,   103 

Emma    Louise,    148 

John,  76 

Tabitha,   76 
Moraira  Town,  135 
Mordaunt.  Mary,   44 


348 


Index 


\ 


\ 


Moreau,    Gen.,    313 
Morehead,    Joseph,    240 
Morehouse,   David,    29 
Morgan,    Charles,    335 

Gen.   Daniel,   335  - 

Jonathan,    139 
Morris  family,  41 

Mrs..  112 

l-,ewis,  41,  42,  182,  194 

Col.    John,    23,    48 

Prof.  Richard,  176 

Robert,   41 

Robert  Hunter,  41 

Valentine,  41,  42 

William,   42  ^ 

Mrs.  William  McK.,  176 
Morris  county,  29,  31,  134 
Morrisania,  46,  48 
Morris  Mills,  2d 

Morrison,  Dr.  Ephraim,  90;    obit- 
uary, 153 

Dr.  Frank,  154 

Dr.  John  B.,  154 

Lola,   154 
Morri.stown,    28,    31,    136,    139,    167, 
208,    209,     211,     213,    223,    229, 
230,    309,    316,    321 
Mortlett,  Hannah,   77 
Morrow,  Judge  William  H.,  163 
Morse,   Capt.   Amos,    27,    28,    137 
Moschel,  Georg-e,   108 
Mott,  Captain,   35 
Mount  Freedom,  88 
Mount  Holly,  71,   110,  248 
Mount  Hope,  209 
Mount  Vernon,  Va.,  252 
Muckshaw,   163 
Mudie.    David,    187,    189,    191 
Muhlenberg-,  Gen.,   308 
Mulford,  Ananias,  33 

Capt.   Thomas.    26 
Mullin,     John,     33 
Mullinor,    Jo.,    307 
Mundy,    Matilda,    244 
Munsee    cemetery,    87 
Murphy,  Gov.  Franklin,  322 

John,  118 
Murray,  Joseph,   194 
Mu.sconetcong,    210.    312 
Mutchler,  A.  J.,   207 
Myers,  William  Starr,  89 

Nark  (?),  5 

Natchez.  Miss,  55,  57,  159 

Nazareth,  Pa.,  50 

Noafie,  John.  88,  140,  240;    article 

by,  14  0 
Neale,  Mr.,  30 
Captain,    30 
Thomas,    217 
Necrology    of    members,    60,    148. 

243,   316 
Neilson,    James,    220 
Nelson,  William,   23,   82,  83,  88 
Mrs.   William.    242 
■s.Neshanic  church   centennial,  71 
Netherland,    New,    13 
Nevius,  Jannetje,  238 

Peter  I.,   37 
New  Amsterdam,  235 
Newark,   18,   28,   29,   30,    31,   36,   66, 
113,  114,  115.  l.-^S,  148,  150.  167, 
207.  208,  209,  216,  229,  243,  244, 
245,  317,  320,  321 
Newark   Mountains.   28 


Newark  Neck,  30 
New  Barbadoes,  182 
New  Bedford,  37 
New  Bern,  N.  C,   36,   153 
New   Blazing   Star    ferry,    109 
■■New  Brunswick,  22,  28,  42,  97,  99 
101,     102,     103,     104,     106.    112, 
114,  116,  118,  119.  139,  140,  158. 
167,     181,     196,     210,     216,     219, 
220,    228,    244.    257,    259.    308. 
309. 
Newburgh.   N.   Y..   253 
New  Germantown,  32,   167 
New  Hampshire,  141 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  14,  62 
-New  Jersey,  Early  travel  in,  97 
Historical         Society,         annual 
meeting,   79 ;   officers  for   1921- 
•22,    96 
Patriotic,   etc.,   Societies   in,  175 
Witches  in,  293 
New  Market,  250 
New  Orleans,    49,    51.    55.    56.    158, 

159,  211,  335 
New  Perth.   11 
Newport,    R.    I.,    36 
Nev/port,  Va.,  218 
New  Rochelle.  N.  Y.,  248 
New   Scotland.    2 

Newton,  31,  153.  154,  163,  167,  210, 
211,  214,  306,  308,  309,  310,  311, 
313,   321,   322 
New  Utrecht,  L.  I.,  40 
New    Vernon,    335 
New  Village,  208 

New    York    City,    31,    97,    99,    100, 
101,    103.   113,    IIG,   119.   135.   159, 

193,    218,    219 
Sugar  House,    25 
University,    244 
Nichols,  Mr.,  20,  26 
Captain,    122,    29 
Gov.  Richard,   7,  14.   15,   16.   193, 

334,   335 
H.   Rose,    242 
Walter  S.,   90 
Nixon,  Horace  F.,   176 
Nomanock,    fort,    163 
Norfolk,   Va.,    289 
Norris,    Ziba,    229.    230 
North   Bend,    Ind.,    293 
Northampton,    71 
Norton.    Captain,    228 
Nottingham,    51 
Nova    Scotia,    1,    2,    3,    24 
Nyack,  N.  Y.,  61,  138 

Oberg,  Lieut.,  147 

O'Brien,   Daniel,    103,    104,   106 

Ogden,  Captain,   30 

Colonel,   168 

Judge,    30 

Aaron,    166,    307 

Charles.  33 

John,    29 

Rebecca,    214 

Robert,    215 

Mrs.   Sydney   N.,   242 
Ogdensburg  mine,  163,  164 
O'Harra's  tavern,  209 
Ohio.    134 

Oneida  county,  N.  Y.,  61 
Opdike,  Capt.  Albert,  134 
Orange,  64    66 


Index 


349 


Orange  county.  N.  Y.,  30 
Osborn,   Mr.,    124 

Eliza    C,    148  : 

Osborne.   Mrs.,   84 
Osgood,  Samuel,  221 
Otis,    Miss  Caroline,    89 
Owen,  Doctor,  5 
Oxford  Furnace,  306 

Pahaquarry,    163,    308 
Palisades,   14 
Paramus,    229 
Pardon,    Mr.,    19 
Parker,  A.  C,  88 

Charles   W..    96 

James,    161,    221 

Capt.    John,    136 

Nathaniel,   108 
Parkhurst,   Stephen,   29 
Parrish,   John,    33 
Parsippany,    139,   229,   316 
Parsons,  Mr.,   122 

Gen.    Samuel    H.,    141    - 
Passaic,  112 

county,  72 

falls,    142 

river,  15,  99 
Paterson,   59,   70,   76,   148.    208,   231 
Paterson,   Gen.   John,   141 

William,   77,   318 

William  B.,  77 
Patin,    Mr.,    209 
Patterson,   George,    77 
Paul,    Mrs.,    215 

Prince,   198 

Sally  Ann,  215 
Paulding,    85 
Pavonia,  14 
Paxtang,  Pa.,  333 
Peabodv,  Gen.  Nathaniel,  141 
Peck,  Harriet,  66 
Peekskill,    N.    Y.,     142 
Pemberton,  Charles,  216,  310 
Penn,   Admiral,   45 

Thomas,   45 

William,   181,  184,  217 
Penning:ton,  312 
Pennsylvania,  University  of,  65 
Pennypack,    101 
Peppercotten,    231 
Perkamie   Creek,    Pa.,    34 
Perth.   Earl   of,   272,   273 
Perth,   Scot.,    268 
Perthtown,    10,    11 
Perth  Ambov,  20,  23,  27.  37,  38,  60, 
97,  101,   102,   104,   106,  108,   114, 
115,  119,  140,  152,  153,  167,  183, 
187,  191,  192,  195.  218.  219,  220, 
229 
Peterborough,   Earl    of,   44 
Petersburg,  Va.,  153 
Peters   Creek,    51 
Peter    the    Great.    203 
Petit,   Mr.,    208 
Pettit.    Sarah,    237 
Philadelphia,    34,    36,    38,    47,     54, 
83,  97.  98,  99,  100,  101,  103,  105, 
106,  108,  115,  116,  117,  119,  159, 
212     307 
Phllflps,  Rev.  James,  251 

Judith,    251,    252 
Phillipsburg.    308 

first   bridge   at,    163 
Phillipse,    Frederick.    68 
Pierce.   Mrs..   86 


W.   H.,    223 
Plercefleld,    42,    45 
Pierson,   Captain,   228,    230 
Piscataway,   18 
Pitmilly,  Scot.,   261,   265 
Pitlochy,   Scot,   260  et  seq. 
Pitlurg,   Scot.,   331 
Pitney,   Henry   C,    176,    195 
Pittsburgh,    Pa.,    50,    51.    159 
Pittstown,    167,    312 
Place,    Aaron,    237 
Placerville,    Cal..    283 
Plainfield,   9,   11,   77,    167,   250,    252, 
Piatt,   Captain   John    Cheney.   Jr., 

148 
Pluckemin,  135,  139,  228,   253 
Plum,  Martha  J.,  66 

Mrs.   Stephen   H.,   Sr.,   obituary, 
66 

Stephen   H.,   Jr..    66 

Mrs.    Stephen   H.,   90 
Plymouth,   Conn.,   88 
Plymouth,   Mass.,   316 
Poinier,    John,    90 
Poinsett,    Joel    R.,    199 
Point  of  Rocks,  Va.,   247 
Pole,    Miss,    45 
Pompton,  134,  208 
Pontefract    Castle,    48 
Pool,   John,   35 
Poor,   Gen.   Enoch,   141 
Pope's   Creek,    59 
Port-au-Prince,  202 
Porter,  Gen.  David,   79 

Gen.    Horace,    90 

Capt.  Nathaniel,  135 
Portland,  Me.,  57 
Portsmouth,   N.   H.,    218 
Post    (officer),    138 
Postofflces  in  New  Jersey  in  1800, 
166 

Facilities,  growth  of,  217 
Potter,    Caleb,    25 

Col.   Samuel,   137 
Poulson,    Gilbert,    33 

John   C,    33 
Powelson.   Isaac,   33 

John.   33 
Powles  Hook.  31.  99.  112,  113,  114, 

117,  216 
Pratt,   Henry,    218 
Preakness,    140,    142,    143 

settlement  of  valley.   140 
Predmore,    John,    107 
Preston,  H.  C.   201 
Price,    Mr.,    231 

Benjamin.   182 

George    W.,    175 

Farry,   139 

Philip.,   229 
Prigmore,  John,  106 
Prime,  Nathaniel,  68 
Prince,    Prof.    John    D.,    72 
Princeton,    59.    63,    64,    89,    97,    113, 
114.  115.  137,  155,  157,  206,  229 

University,    64,    73,    80,    198.    204, 
207,    258,    324,    73 
Proctor,  Col.  Thomas,  141 
Providence,  R.  I..  200.  201 
Public    records,    neglect    of,    161 
Pullin,    Francis.    77 
Purcell.  Thomas.  237 
Purrows,  Capt..   35 
Putnam,  Gen.   Israel.   68.   138 
Pyne,  Moses  T..  64.  90 


350 


Index 


Quebec.  230 

Quibbletown,    32,    135,    228,    230 

Encampment,  250 
Quick,  Henry,  33 
Quick,   Solomon,    135 
Quimby,    Samuel,    51,    52 
Quit-rents   in  New  Jersey,   13 

Rackawackhacca   (Bound  Brook), 

182 
Radcliff,   Mr.,   118 
Kahway,    25,   2G,    27,    135,    136,    140, 

167,    228 
Rainer,    Mr.,    240 

Elizabeth,    237 
Raith,    Scot.,    272 
Ramsey.    Andrew,    105 
Ramsey's   ferrv,    99 
Rand,    Rev.    Kdwin    W.,    91 
Randolph,    Coleman,    315 

Franklin    P.,    246 

Hector  C.  F..  obituary,  246 

Isaac   F.,   109 

Jacob   F.,    109 

T^ewis    V.     F.,     90 

Reuben    F.,    109 

Gov.  Theo.  F.,  157 

William    B.    F..     246 

William    F..    24  5 

(see    Fitz    Randolph) 
Rankin,    Dr.    Walter    M.,    205 
Raritan,    107.    220 

landing:,  35 
^     river,  37,  229 
Raymond,   Lieut.   Seth,   230 
Read,    Andrew,    220 

Capt.    John,    32 

Joseph,    220 
Reading:.    Pa.,    51 
Readinpton,  49 
Recklestown.  312 
Redfnrd's   Forry.    97,   98,   99,   220 
Red  Stone.  Pa.,  54 
Reeve,    William    T.,    175 
Reeves,    Capt.,    20,    30 
Reper,  John  F.,  175 
Roid.   John.    8.   12 
Renwick.    Rev..    270,    271 
Reuck,   Mrs.   Oeore-e,   91 
Revolution,  number  of  soldiers  in, 
173.    223,    254 

soldiers'   records,    25.    134,    227 
Reynold,    Mr.,    214 
Reynolds.  S.imuel,   138 
Rich,   Mr.,    222 
Richards,   John,    105 

Joseph,    107,   108 

William.  Ill,  112 
Richardson,  Dr.  Ernest  C,   80,   96, 
176 

James,   36 
Richmond    Hill.    68 
Richmond.    N.    Y..    27 
Richmond,   James.    36 
Rlddell,    Archibald,    267,    270,    271, 

275 
Rider,   William.    116 
Ridpway.  Mr.,  308 

Anna,   154 
Ridley,  Catherine  L.,  165 

Matthew,   165 
RiR-tr,  Margaret,   265 

William.    261,    265,    277 
Rlprhter,  George  E.,  316 

Mary,  316 


Riker,  Joseph  M.,   81,  90 

Mrs.    Joseph    M.,    90 
Rinehart,  Capt.  Godfrey,   32 
Ringoes,   113,   312 
Ring-wood    Manor,    72 
Rio  de  Janeiro,   79 
Roberdeau,    Major,    215,    300 

Mrs.,    306 
Robert  II,  King,   2 
Robeson,   George   M.,   232,   235 

Jonathan,    232,    235 

Morris,   235 

William    P.,    235 
Robinson,  Mr.,   312 

Aaron,    231 
Rochester  University,  260 
Rockaway,    167,    211 
Rockefeller,    Mr.,    215 
Rolfe.   Mr.,    3  6 
Romainc,    Tlicodore,    175 
Roinbout,  Francis,  244 

Katrina,   244 
Romeyn,   Yannetje,    171 
Rondoiit,    K.    Y.,    60 
Ronguille,   Commandant,   123 

Fanetta,    123 
Root.    Hon.    Elihu,    81 
Rorback,  Betsey,   214 
Rose,    David,    137 

Mary,    229 
Rosenkrantz,  Colonel,  231 
Ross.   Harriet  D.,   246 

Moses,    30 
Rossel,  Jud.ge,   38 
Rossiter,  W.  S.,  225 
Roswcll,    Capt.,    230 
Rowlett,  John,   153 

Margaret   A.,    153 
Rudyard,    Thomas,    5.    7,    179,    180, 

181,    185.    186,    187,    ISO,    191 
Rue,   Mrs.    Jacob   B.,    242 
Runk,   John,   33 
Runyon,  Clarkson,  £44 

David   C,    66 

Helen   B.,    244 

Hugh,    137 

Lydia  D.,   66 

Matilda,    244 

Richard,    137 

Theodore,    148 
Russel,    Gilpen,    210 
Russell,  I,ord,  5 
Rutgers  College,   63,  152,  155,   244, 

318,  319 
Rutherfurd.  Livingston,  160 
Ryall,    Port,    40 
Ryer,   John,    109 
Ryerson,    Mr.,    306 

Ann,    214 

Capt.  George,  Jr.,  140 

Saddle  River,   140 

Saginaw,  Mich.,  62 

Salem,  75 

Salem.   Mass.,   294 

Salmon.    Capt.    Peter,    32,    228 

Salter,   Thomas,    78 

Sanders,    Aaron,     229 

Absalom,    229 

Elizabeth.   229 

Eunice,  229 

Margaret.  229 

Mary,    229,    230 

Phoebe,    229 

Theodore,  229 


Index 


351 


Mrs.    Theo.,    230 

Timothy,    230 

William,   229 
Sandford,  Major  "William,  182 
Sandiston   twsp.,   310,   311 
Sandwich    Islands.    280 
Sandy  Hook,  121 
San    Francisco,    Cal.,    279,    280 
Santo  Domingo,  196 
Savannah,   Ga.,   36 
Say,    Thomas,    202 
Saybrook,  218 
Sayre,    Mr..    213 

James  R.,  317 

Jedediah.  212 

Susan,    213.    214,    310 
Scammell,    Gen.    Alexander,    141 
~  Schamp,   Nicholas.   239 
Schenck.    Captain,    136.    137 
Scholfield.    Jonathan,    116 
•  Schooley's   Mountain,    210 
Schuyler.    Gen.    Philip,    141,    143 
Schuylcrville.  N.  Y.,  319 
Schuylkill   Paver,    34 
Scofield,  Sara.  237 
Scot.   David,   269 

Eupham.  266,  277 

George,    328 

James,    266.    277 

Sir    John.    260    et    seq. 

Walter.    261.    269.    271 

(see  Scott) 
Scotch    Plains.    134.    135.    250 
Scotland,    1,    4.    260    et    seq. 
Scotstarvet.   260  et  seq. 
Scots  East  Jersey  Proprietors,  119 
Scott,   Dr.  Austin,    96;    in   memor- 
iam,    257;     obituary,    317 

Col.  Walter,  271 

Sir  Walter,   261 

(see    Scot) 
Scranton,  Col.  Charles,  235 
Scudder,  Colonel,  137 

Capt.  John,   26 

Wallace  M..  96 
Seaman.  Catharine,   165 

Edward,   165 
Searle,   Helen  E.,    319 

Rev.  John  P.,  obituary,   319 

Rev.    Robert    W.,    319 

Raymond  B..    319 

Rev.  Samuel  T..  319 
Seattle,    Wash.,    243 
Secaucus.  88 
Second  River.  136.  229 
Sedgwick.   Gen..    245 
Seeley,    Captain.    228 
Seely,    Gen..    215.    305 
Sergeantsville,  83 
Sewaren,  109 
Seward,  Mr.,  212 

Mrs.,    216 

Col.    John.    231 
Seymour,    Mayor,    151 
Shapanock,  Fort,  163 
Sharp,   Mr.,   313 

Archbishop  James,   267.  270 

Edward,    306 

George,  164 
.      Joseph,  310 
Shaver.   Mr.,    30G 

Abraham,   216.  312 

Abram  V.,   212 
Shawnee,   163 
Shay,  David.  231 


Shea,   Lieut.,   30 
Sheholi,   231 
Shepherd.    Colonel,    326 
Sherman.    John   D.,    196 

Gen.  W.  T..  283 
Sherred.  Major  Abram  B.,   135 
Shields,    Mrs.    307 
Shin,  Gen.,  313 
Shipacong,  fort,  163 
Shipman,  Samuel.  139 
Shippen.  Miss.   215 

Edward.    232 

Joseph  William,  233 

Peggy,    233 

Dr.   William.   233.   235 
Shippen    Manor    at    Oxford    Fur- 
nace,   232 
Shippensburg,  Pa.,  51 
Shirley,    Sir    Robert,    3 
Shooting  stars.    336 
Short.    Major    Peyton,    291 

Mrs.    Peyton,    293 
Shrewsbury,    8.    18.    83.    110,    182 

river,     163 
Shuster,    Elwood    D.,    163 
Sidney.  Algernon.  5 
Sigelear.    Benjamin,    33 
Silsbury,    David,    139 
Simon.   Major.    171 
Simonson.    Theodore.    322 
Simonson's   ferry,    109 
Simpson.    William,    33 
Sisco.  Jacob,  29 
Sitka,   Alaska.   280 
Skellinger.  David,  31 

Elisha,  32 
Skillman,  Abraham.  114 

Elizabeth,    237,    238 

Thomas,    237 

Capt.  Thomas,   237 
Skinner,  Cortlandt,  23 
Slabtown,   312 
Slave    sale    of    1724,    40 
Sloan,  Harry  33 
Sloane,    Sir    Hans,    M.    D.,    2«1 

Mary    E..    158 

William  H..  158 
Smalley,    Jacob.    76 

John.    Jr..    76 
Smallwood.   Gen..    34 
Smith.   Mr..   194 

Captain,   168 

Abel   I.,    88 

Mrs.  Arthur  G.,  242 

Barbara,    78 

Elizabeth,   238 

Hannah.    78 

Jacob.    33 

Joseph.  33 

L.  Cotheal.  92.  93.  95 

Peter,   212,    231 

Richard,  139 

Sarah.  78 

Solomon.    100,   102 

Susan,    78 

William.  33 
Snedeker,   Christian.   237^ 
Solomons.   Anna  Maria.   65 
Sonmans.   Arent.   4.   5.   6 
Somerset  county.   41,   49.   134 
Somerville.     49.     89.     295.     323 
Souder.  H.  J.,  315 
South  Amboy,  97,  98,  154 
Southard.    Henry,    230 
South  Branch  river,  114 


352 


Index 


South  Carolina,  141 

South    Kingston,    167 

Southold  Records,  87 

South   river,    277,    334 

South    Williamstown,    Mass.,    316 

Sparta,   211,    214,    215,   231 

Spencer,  Colonel,  32 

Nathan    139 
Spicer,    Mr.,    190 
Spotswood,    Col.    Alexander,    219, 

221 
Springfield,   27,   28,   29,   30,   31,   135, 
137,    140,    168,    209,    228,    240 

Battle  of,  228,  230 

Township,   30 
Spring    Water,   N.  T.,   223 
Squire,    E.,    30 

St.   Andrews  University,   262 
St   Domingo,    198 
St.    John's,    N.    B.,    153 
St.  Petersburg,  197 

University   of,    19  6 
Stackhouse,  Mr.,   23 
Stages    in    18th    Century,    97 
Stair,    Earl    of,    194 
Stamford,  Conn.,   323 
Stanhope,   N.   J.,   148 
Stark,    Captain,    228 

Jeremiah,    32 

Gen.  John,   141 
Staten    Island.    14,    22,    25,    38,    99, 

135,  207,  228 
Strathmiglo,  Scot.,   266 
Stedman,   Col.,   225 
Steele,  Gabriel,  99 
Stelle,   Rachel,    22 

Pontius,   22,   102 
Steubenville,  Ohio,  55 
Stevens,   Capt.   Campbell,    83 

John,    83 

Lieut.  Lewis,   83 

Richard   Dowe,    29 
Stewart,    Col.    Charles,    327 
Stickney,  Charles  E.,   175 
.    Stiles,    Jonathan,    335 
^^  Stillwater.   214 
Stirling,   Gerard,    4,    160 

Lord,    1    et    seq.,    27,    159,    160 

Robert,   4,    160 
Stites,  William,  33 
Stockton,  88 

Bayard.   324 

Richard  H.,  38 

Records,    87 
Stoll,  Mr.,  211,   213,  306 

Mrs.,   307.   310 
Stoner,    William,    78 
Stoothof,  Petrus,  40 
Stothoff,    Henry,    33 
\  Stout,    Annie,    78 
*      Gideon   Lee,    90 
Strauss,  Lyria,  78 
Strawberry  Alley,   108 
Strawn,   John,    78 
.    Strong,   Margaret,    245 
■'*Stryker,   Katharine  W.,   242 

William  S.,  23,  24 
Stuart,  Daniels,  311 
Studer,  Augustus  C,  obituary,  319 

Augustus  C,   Jr.,   320 

Elizabeth    M.,    320 
Stuyv'esant,  Gov.  Peter,   217 
Succasunna,  210 

Plains.  134 
Such,  Anna.   154 


George,  154 

J.   Ridgeway,   91;    obituary,   154 
Sullivan,  General,  22 
Summit,  N.  J.,  66 
Summit  Hill,   Pa.,   60 
Sunbury,  Mass.,  36 
Surmelin  Valley,  France,  147 
Sussex    county,    49,    50,    134,    135, 
210 

Historical  Society's  home,  163 
"Sutphen,  Dr.  Edw.  B.,  321 

Elizabeth,    238 

John,    239 

Margaret   M.,    321 

Dr.    Reuben   M.,    320 

Robert   M.,    321 

Dr.    Theron    Y.,    obituary,    320 
Sutter,    Fort,    279,    280 

Capt.    John    A.,    279,    et    seq. 
Sutton,    Joseph,    231,    232 

Martha,  231 
Suydam,   II.   A.,    176 
Swan,  Capt.,  26 
Svvayze,  Daniel,  140,  227 

Francis  J.,  79,  96,  323 

Francis  J.,  2nd,  323 

Henry  S.,  323 

Henry  S.,   2nd,  323 

Jacob  L.,   321 

John  L.,  obituary,  321 

John  L.,  Jr..   323 

Mary  C.   323 

Peter   J.,    323 

Richard   H.,    323 

Robert   M.,    323 
Sybrandt,  Sovereign,  111,  112 
Sym,    John,    120 
Symmes,  John  Cleve,  165 

Talleyrand.   68 
Talmage,  Daniel,  69,  231 

Rev.    T.    DeWitt,    69 
Tamaqua,    Pa.,    60 
Tappan,  N.  Y.,  138 
Tarvet,    Scot.,    261 
Taylor,    Col.,    136 

George   A.,    172 

Jerome,   90  ;  obituary,   66 

Obadiah,  114 
Ten    Eyck,    Mr.,    229 
Terhune,  Margaret  L.,  242 
Terry,   Capt.    N.,    31 
Thomas,  Colonel,  168 

Elizabeth,    236,    238 

Jonathan,  106,  107,  220 

Robert   C,    306 
Thomson,    Mr.,    215 

Dr.,   313 

Mrs.  Jacob  S.,  306 

Jacob  S.,  212,  215,  305,   306,   310, 
311,  312 

Col.  Mark,  216 

Nancy,  306 

William,   52 
Thompson.    Col.,    211 

David,    230 

Eliza    S.,    242 

Hezekiah,  27 

John,  36,  108 

Rev.   Dr.   John   B.,   235.    236 

Joseph,   288 

Joseph   P.,    240 

Peter,   36 
Thorn,  David,  33 


Index 


353 


Thorp.   Ellis.    26 

Stoffel,    33 
Three-Mile  Run,   238 
Thun.    Switz.,    319 
Thurston,  David.  2G 
Tichenor.  F.  M.,  92.   95 
Ti&er,  Abraham,   33 

Jacob,  Jr.,   33 

John.  33 
Tillman,   B.,   308 
Timber  Creek,   313 
Tintern,   43.   46,   4S 
Tintern,  England,  41 
Todd.  Mr.,   215 

Daniel.    33 

David.    33 

John  Flavel,  33 

V/illiam,    33 

William,  Jr.,  33 

William  J.,   33 
Toers,  Sarah,   141 
Toledo,   Ohio.   257 
Tompkins.  Calvin.  90 
Tonks.   William.    290 
Topeka,    Kan.,    150 
Torrey,  Dr.   John,    206.    207 
Tortusas,    127 
Toshack.  David,   187 
Totov/a,   88 

Toughoighiny   river,    Pa..    53 
Travel,    early   in   N.    J.,    97 
Treat.    Mary.    144 

Robert,   144 
Trees.   Hall   of  Fame   for.    162 
Trcmbly's  Point,  25,  26,  137,  138 
Tremont,  Lieut.,    206 
Trenton,  22,   38,  83,  97,  98,  99,  100, 
101.     102,     103,     104.     106.     108, 
112,  114,  117,  119,  155.  156,  161, 
167,   219,   229,   312,   313 
Troy,   N.   Y.,   30,    208 
Tyron,  Governor,   290 
Tucker,    General,    245 
Tuckerton.    167 
Tunison,  Runyon,  331 
Turkey.  28 
Turner,  Alfred  R.,  obituary,  249 

Howard  C,   249 

Roger    C,    249 

William  H..  249 

W.  G.  A.,   249 

Mrs.  Franklin  G.,  175 
Tuttle's  hotel,  308 
Twaites,    Reuben    G.,    63 
Twinning,  Mr.,  117 
Two  Bridges.   141 
Tyler,  President.  200 

Undershell,   Marie   E.,    66 
Underwood,  Oscar,  81 
Upson.   Dr.,    229 
Urie,  Scotland,   4,   179 
Urquhart,  Frank  J..  330 
Mrs.  Frank  J.,  330 

Vail,  Sarah  L.,  321 

Dr.   Wm.   P.,   321 
Vails  Gate,   N.   Y.,    253 
Van  Arsdale,  Simon,  171 

Wllll.Tm,    33 
Van    Auken,    Capt.,    310 
van  Booskirk.  Mahlon,  82 
Van  Buren,  Pres.  Martin,  336 
Van  Campen  mill,  163 


Van  Cortlandt,  42 

Vancouver,  280 

Vanderbilt,  Cornelius,  36,   38,  109. 

119 
Van    Deren,    Bernard,    54 

John,   211,   308,  309 
Van  Deventer,  Jeremiah,  253 
Van  Dike,  Abraham,  33 

Charles,  105 

Isaac,    33 
Van   Dorn,   Aaron,   Jr.,   33 

Isaac,  33 

Joseph,   33 

William  A.,  34 
Van  Dyck,  Florence  W.,  155 

Pierre,    155 

William  V.  B.,   155 
VanDykc.   Florence,    155 

Francis  C.  Jr.,  obituary,  154 

Prof.    John    C,    162 

Mary,  155 

Penelope,  155 
Van  Fleet,  Judith,   239 

William,  240 
"  Van  House's  tavern,  210 
Van  Houten,  88 

Conrad,  213 
Van    Ingon,    Mrs.    Edward,    149 
Van  Kirk,  Harris,  33 
Van  Nest,  Capt.,   32 

Cornelius,    33 
Van   Neste,   Cathelyne,   239 

Maria,   240 

Pieter.    240 
Van  Pelt,  James.  34 
Van   Sickle,   John   J..   163 
Van  Syckel.  Aaron,  156 

Bennet.    obituary,    156 

Bessie,   158 

Charles   S..    158 

Chester,   156 

Mary,  156 

William  S.,  158 
Vantile.  Mr..   108 
.Van   Tuyl,   Otto.    TOO 
%yan  Veghtcn's  Bridge,   "2 
Van  Voorhies.  Cocrt  A.,  10 

Margaret,  41 

William,   40 
Van   Vorst,   Mr.,    118 

Cornelius,    111 
Van  Vrankin,  Mary  G.,   242 
Van   Winkle,   Cornelius   S..    71 

Rip,  70 

Simeon,  71 
Van  Wyck,   Philip  V.  R..   80,  96 
Van  Zandt,  Elizabeth,  165 

Richard,   330 
Varennes.   France,   146 
Varick,    Mr.,    118 

Col.   Richard,   142 
Varrazano.  13 
Vallev    Forgo,    148 
"-Vealtown,   78,  134.   136.  139 

(see  Bernardsville) 
Venables,   45 

Vermeule,    134.    140,    227,    228,    229, 
230,    232,    250.    et    seq. 

Adrian.  251,  253 

Cornelius,  251,  252 

Cornelius,   Jr.,    253 

Rev.  Cornelius.   252 

Cornelius    C,    251,    255:     article 
by.  223 


354 


Index 


Eder.  253 

Frederic,  253 

Leroy  P.,  91 
Vernon,  212 

Viehe,  Rev.  Frederick  D.,   82 
Vienna,    Austria,    136 

University   of,   lb6 
Vineland,   315 
Virgrinia,   46 
Vliet,  Simon,  34 

Simon  S.,  33 
von  Drais,   Baron,   326 
von    Plehwe,    Captain,    3  46 
von    Steuben,    Baron,    69 
Voorhees,   Aaron,    32 

Abraham,  34 

Isaac,   34 

Jacob,  Jr.,   34 

James,  Jr.,  34 

Jeremiah,  33 

John,  36,  lis 
Voorhis.  Mr.,  309 
Vosseller,   Eiias,    175;     article   by, 

278 
Vredenburgh,  La  Rue,  323 

La    Rue,    Jr.,    obituary,    323 

Waddel,  Rev.  Henry,  83 

Waldy,  Henry,  217 

Wales     44     46 

Walker,  Edwin  R.,  80,  92,   324 

Walker's    ferry,    163 

Walkill   river,    164 

Wall,  John  P.,  article  by,  35 

Wallace   House,    S9 

Waller,    William,    108 

Walpack   Bend,   163 

Walpack,   fort,   163 

Walpack    township,    163 

Walworth,    N.    Y.,    320 

Ward,  John.  290 

Joseph,    Jr.,    91 

Marcus  L.,   81,   86,   87,  92,   93,  94, 
164 

Col.  Matthias.  136 

Mrs.   William    R.,    242 
Wareham,    37 
Warnarts,    Grietje,    240 
Warne,  Thomas,  181,  182,  187,  189, 

191 
Warner,  Catherine,  239 

Col.   Josiah,    141 
Warsaw,    111.,    279 
Washington,  N.  J.,  208 
Washington,   Gen.  George,   29,   59, 
68,    69,    138,    141,    142,   143.    144, 
163,    210.    225,     228.     250,     251. 
288,  314,  326,  327 

Bushrod.    252 

Encampment     at     Quibbletown. 
250 

Headquarters   in   Montclair.   143 
Washington  county.  Pa.,  51 
Washington,   D.   C.    248 
Watkins   Glen.    X.   Y.,    321 
Watkins,  Judith,  166 
Watson,   John,    108,    109.    165,    166 

Ripley,    175 

Rev.  Robert,   241 
Wayne,   Gen.,    141 
Webb,  Abraham.   105 

Col.    Samuel    B.,    141 
Webster,    Daniel,    336 
Weggery,   John,    106 
Weilman.  Major.  5 


Weimer,  Martin,   282 

Peter  L.,   281 

Mrs.  Peter  J.,  282 
Weiss,  Harry  B.,  article  by,  196 
Weller  familv,  82 
Welles,  Rev.  Theodore  V/.,  162 
Wellesley,    Lord,    75 
Wells,    James,    106,    107 

Philip,    182,    185 
Weobley,    47 
Wesley,   Rev.   John.   299 
West,  Mrs.  Wm.  T.,  320 
Westbrook,  Abraham,  139 

Annetje,    237 

Henry,    231 

Capt.  Martin,   212 

Major  Samuel,  231 

Wilhelmus.    231 
Westervelt,  Warner  W.,  Jr.,  61 

Mrs.    Wm.    H..    242 
West   Miiford.    301 
Whedon.  Florence  W.,  155 
Wheeler,  Miss  Mary  L.,   242 

William,  2S9 
T\Tieeiing,   Vv'.   Va.,   159 
White,   Alexander,   216 

Mrs.   Henry   S..   241,   242 
White  Brook.   307 
WTiite  Hall  Slip,   104 
White   Hall   Tavern,    36 
Whitehead,   Mrs.   Harrie   P.,   242 

William    A.,    5,    9,    260,    270 
White    Hill.    104 
Whiting,  Col.   Henry,    144 
Whitleigh,    George    A.,    91 
Whitman,    Walt.,    241 
Whittemore,    Henrv,    144 
Wickatur.k,   120,    276 
Wickham,    Mr.,    212 

Gideon,   311 
Wilkins,    Jane,    333 

John,    333 
William    III,    20 
Williams,  Ann,  165 

Captain  C,   30,    137,   138 

Ben.,   30 

Cornelius,    26 

David,   26 

Henry,   25,   168 

John,   25 

Reese,   28 

Capt.  S.,  26 
Williamsburgh,    Va.,    219 
Williamson,    Gen.,    31 
Williamsport,    Pa.,   53,    54 
"Willis   family,    87 

Frances  C,  91 

John.  116 
Willocks,  George,  9,  187.  188.  192 

277 
Wilmington,  Del.,  36 
Wilson,  Woodrow,  62,  157 

Edmund.    158 

Sarah,    278 
Willson,   William,   102,    103 
Winans.  Capt.   Benjamin.   78. 

Susan,  78 
WInant.   Dr..   116 
Winds,   Gen.   William.    31,   32 
135,     136,     138.     140.     2S0. 
228.    229 
Witherspoon,  John,  64 
Wolfe,   Cornelius  L.,   33 

Jeremiah,    34 
Wollard,    John.    98 


137 


134, 
227, 


Index 

Wood,  Captain,  26  Wyckoff,  Alice  F..  242 

kIv!"^V;266  ^"^^^^'    '' 

Woodbridg-e.  7,  18,  26,  99,  114,  136,  Y„rr,nii     vv,     k-i 

161.  167,  182,  219,  220,  221,  335  Yate^    po      v   ^4      ... 

Woodbury,  167,  313  v      ,      ^  t'    ^- J-'.P*" 

V/oodhull,  Judge,  232  ^*^^^^^-^J"^sePh.    101 

Gen.  Alfred  A..  91;    obituary,  64  Z'Zt'^  ^"J^"^'  p^  .,  279 

Anna   M.,    65  v      ^V  ^^^^.°^'    ^^ 

Woodruff,    Mr.,    25  Yorktown     69 

Susan    v.,    306  ^'*^V"^•^-^^J;■^  ll^ 
Woodstown,   167  ^l^^-  ^-  Edwin,  67 

Woolman,  John,   71  S^k'"^:    o^    ,.« 

World  War.  Battle  of  the  Mams,  Robert,  29,  140 

145 

Wright.  Capt..  327  Zealand,  Holland.   150 

Wurts.   Alexander,    156  Ziegler,   Elizabeth  M..   320 


355 


26  3  2    X 


■PS 


m 


«