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THE BULLETIN
....of....
THE NORTH CAROLINA DENTAL SOCIETY
(Component of the American Dental Association)
CONTAINING THE
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
SIXTY-FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING
MAY 1, 2, 3, 1939
Raleigh, North Carolina
Vol. 23 AUGUST 1939 ^o. 1
Entered as second-class matter as a quarterly, October 27, 1937, at the post office
Greensboro, N. C, under act of August 24, 1912.
Subscription per year __ „1 Q0
Officers 1939-40
Dr. Frank 0. Alford. President Charlotte
Dr. C. M. Parks, President-elect.... Winston-Salem
Dr. H. Roystek Chamblee, Vice President Raleigh
Dii. Pail Fitzgerald, Secretary-Treasurer .--^.."....Greenville
Executive Committee
Dr. D. L. Pridgen (1940) Fayetteville
Dr. 0. L. Presnell (1941) Asheboro
Dr. A. S. Bumgabdner (1942) Charlotte
Dr. Frank O. Alford (ex officio) Charlotte
Dr. Paul Fitzgerald (ex officio) ZZZ'.'.Greenville
Editor-Publisher
Dr. Neal Sheffield Greensboro
Associate Editor-Publisher
Dr. R. E. Long D .
Roxboro
COMMITTEES 1938-1939
EXKCUT] VE COMM ITTEE
D. L. Pridgen Chairman (1940) Fayetteville
O. L. Presnell (1941) Asheboro
G.A.Lazenby(1939) -....ZZZIZ^SS
Program-Clinic Committee
Paul Fitzgerald - Greenville
S. P. Gay Waynesville
J. P. Bingham Lexington
E. M. Medlin Aberdeen
S. L. Bobbitt Raleigh
A. T. Jennette Washington
Ethics Committee
Z. L». Edwards, Chairman Washington
0. C. Barker Asheville
A. S. Bumgardner Charlotte
C. I. Miller Albemarle
W. L. McRae Red Springs
Legislative Committee
A. S. Bumgardner (1939) Charlotte
R. M. Olive (1940) Fayetteville
E. B. Howie (1941) Raleigh
J. N. Johnson (1942 ) Goldsboro
W. K. Chapman (1943). Sylva
Oral Hygiene Committee
E. A. Branch, Chairman Raleigh
A. D. Abernethy, Jr Hickory
W. D. Gibbs Charlotte
R. R. Clark Chapel Hill
C. G. Powell Ahoskie
Dental College Committee
H. 0. Lineberger, Chairman Raleigh
J. N. Johnson Goldsboro
J. F. Reece - Lenoir
F. 0. Alford Charlotte
L. M. Edwards Durham
Membership Committee
Frank 0. Alford Charlotte
W. E. Clark Asheville
J. Homer Guion Charlotte
W. R. McKaughan High Point
W. W. Rankin Raleigh
A. T. Jennette Washington
Exhibit Committee
Paul Fitzgerald Greenville
J. A. Marshburn Black Mountain
R. P. Melvin ...Winston-Salem
P. B. Whittington Greensboro
J. 0. Broughton Wilmington
Clinic Board of Censors
Guy M. Masten, Chairman Winston-Salem
R. W. Brannock Burlington
J. J. Tew '. Clayton
J. H. Smith Wilmington
R. C. Weaver - Asheville
Extension Course Committee
E. B. Howie, Chairman Raleigh
W. F. Bell.— Asheville
J. A. McClung - — Winston-Salem
T. W. Atwood - Durham
H. K. Thompson Wilmington
Library and Historical Committee
J. Martin Fleming, Chairman Raleigh
J. Conrad Watkins - ....Winston-Salem
C. P. Norris - Durham
W. T. Smith Wilmington
W. T. Martin .- - Raleigh
Resolutions Committee
A. P. Beam, Chairman - Shelby
E. M. Medlin Aberdeen
J. S. Spurgeon Hillsboro
L. J. Moore Saint Pauls
J. G. Poole Kinston
State Institutions Committee
D. T. Carr, Chairman Durham
Herbert Spear Kinston
I. H. Hoyle Henderson
J. H. Wheeler - Greensboro
C. A. Pless - Asheville
Military Committee
G. L. Hooper, Chairman - Dunn
A. A. Phillips Warrenton
Sandy Marks Wilmington
J. P. Reece Valdese
Burke W. Fox Charlotte
Insurance Committee
J. R. Pharr, Chairman Charlotte
A. S. Cromartie - - Fayetteville
W. S. Mustian - - Durham
D. B. Mizell Charlotte
D. E. McConnell Gastonia
Necrology Committee
W. T. Smith - Wilmington
C. D. Bain Dunn
D. K. Lockhart Durham
Ralph F. Jarrett Charlotte
Jessie Zackary Morelands Highlands
Socio-Economics Committee
F. L. Hunt, Chairman Asheville
Paul E. Jones - Farmville
E. M. Medlin Aberdeen
H. 0. Lineberger Raleigh
John A. McClimg.... Winston-Salem
S. P. Gay Waynesville
Commercial Relations Committee
E. B. Howie, Chairman Raleigh
R. F. Jarrett Charlotte
Z. L. Edwards Washington
Publications Committee
R. M. Olive, Chairman Fayetteville
J. H. Wheeler Greensboro
John A. McClung Winston-Salem
Committee to Confer with State Board of Health Reference Reporting
Communicable Diseases
H. O. Lineberger, Chairman Raleigh
E. A. Branch.. Raleigh
J. S. Spurgeon Hillsboro
Committee on Entertainment of Out-of-state Visitors
S. L. Bobbitt, Chairman Raleigh
J. C. Smith Wilmington
Z. L. Edwards Washington
H. L. Keel Winston-Salem
W. F. Bell Asheville
Publicity Committee
J. P. Jones Chapel Hill
A. D. Abernethy, Sr Granite Falls
J. H. Guion Charlotte
W. A. Pressley > Greensboro
D. J. Eure Morehead City
General Arrangements Committee
W. W. Rankin, Chairman Raleigh
W. T. Martin Raleigh
V. E. Bell - Raleigh
Ralph Clements Raleigh
Howard Branch Raleigh
S. B. Toler Raleigh
Entertainment Committee
H. Royster Chamblee, Chairman Raleigh
Everett Smith Raleigh
T. L. Young Raleigh
E. N. Lawrence Raleigh
Golf Committee
J. W. Branham, Chairman Raleigh
S. Robert Horton Raleigh
E. B. Howie Raleigh
Superintendents of Clinics Committee
Kenneth L. Johnson, Chairman Raleigh
W. M. Matheson Boone
J. F. Duke Washington
C. E. Abernethy Raleigh
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Officers and Executive Committee 1938-39 i
Standing Committees 1938-39 ii
Monday Morning, May 1, 1939
Invocation, by Dr. S. L. Stealey 1
Address of Welcome, Mr. R. L. McMillan 1
Response to Address of Welcome, Wm. M. Matheson, D.D.S 2
President's Address, G. Fred Hale, D.D.S 3
Committee to Report on President's Address 6
Necrology Committee Report . 6
Introduction of Guests.. 13
Paper— "The Dentist's Part in the Control of Syphilis," Raymond A.
Vonderlehr, M.D 14
Discussion of Dr. Vonderlehr's Paper, J. C. Knox, M.D 20
Paper — "Removing Stains from Mottled Enamel," J. Wilson Ames,
D.D.S 21
Report of Delegates to A.D.A. Meeting, Wilbert Jackson, D.D.S 23
Report of Historical Committee, J. Martin Fleming, D.D.S 27
Comments on Report of Historical Committee, E. B. Howie, D.D.S 29
Monday Afternoon Session, May 1, 1939
Paper — "A Precision Technique in Full Denture Construction," L. G.
Coble, D.D.S 31
Paper— "What Pulp Involved Teeth Can Be Safely Retained and by
What Methods," E. A. Jasper, D.D.S 37
Paper— "The Selection, Care and Manipulation of Silicate Cements,"
George C. Paffenbarger, D.D.S 44
Meeting of House of Delegates 53
Roll Call 54
Motion to Pay Expenses of Delegates to the American Dental
Association 54
Report of the Red Cross Disaster Committee 57
Report of Dental Member of State Board of Health 62
Report of the Board of Dental Examiners 63
Report of the Insurance Committee 68
Monday Evening Session, May 1, 1939
Paper — "The Management of a Dental Practice," William B. Dunning,
D.D.S., F.A.C.D 69
Paper — "Anesthesia Local and General," Sterling V. Mead, D.D.S., F.A.C.D. 72
Ttksday Morning, May 2, 1939
General Table Clinics 76
Tuesday Noon Session, May 2, 1939
Invitation Extended to the Members of the North Carolina Dental Society
to Attend the Annual Meeting of the South Carolina Dental
Society, H. B. Higgins, D.D.S 77
The Dental Centennial Celebration 73
Paper — "Denture Base Materials," George C. Paffenbarger, D.D.S.,
F.A.C.D 78
Tuesday Afternoon Session, Mat 2, 1939
Paper — "A Simple Control for Practical Castings," R. E. Sturdevant,
D.D.S 85
Tribute to Drs. F. L. Hunt, J. Martin Fleming and Ernest A. Branch,
by J. S. Betts, D.D.S 90
Paper — "Some Pertinent Observations on the National Health Program."
C. Willard Camalier, D.D.S., F.A.C.D 92
Meeting of House of Delegates
Roll Call 101
Report of Commercial Relations Committee 102
Report of Extension Course Committee 103
Report of Legislative Committee 103
Report of Committee on Consideration of Society Paying Expenses
of Delegates to A.D.A. Meeting 105
Report of Oral Hygiene Committee 110
Report of Socio-Economics Committee Ill
A Resolution Relative to the Increase in A.D.A. Dues 114
Report of General Arrangements Committee 115
Report of Editor-Publisher 116
Report of Clinic Board of Censors 118
Report of State Institutions Committee 119
Banquet 120
Presentation of President's Emblem 120
Presentation of Scroll to J. Martin Fleming 121
Tuesday Evening Session, May 2, 1939
Election of Officers 122
Place of Next Meeting 135
Meeting of House of Delegates 135
Report on the Address of President ^ 136
Report of the Ethics Committee 137
Report of the Relief Committee 138
Report of the Membership Committee : 138
Members Reinstated 139
New Members 139
Members Suspended for Non-payment of Dues 140
Report of Attendance 140
Report of Exhibit Committee 141
Report of the Program Committee 141
Report of the Secretary-Treasurer 141
Report of the Executive Committee 145
Report on Honorary Membership 146
Report of Publicity Committee 146
Report of Committee on Communicable Diseases 147
Wednesday General Session, May 3, 1939
Installation of Officers 150
Committee Appointments for 1939-40 153
Roster of Members 156
Inactive List 167
Dentists Licensed to Practice in North Carolina at the Official Examina-
tion Held June 1939 167
Presidents of the Society Since its Organization 168
Honorary Members 169
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NORTH CAROLINA DENTAL SOCIETY
SIXTY-FIFTH ANNUAL SESSION
GENERAL SESSION
MONDAY, MAY" 1, 1939
The opening meeting of the Sixty-fifth Annual Session of the North
Carolina Dental Society, held at the Sir Walter Hotel, Raleigh, con-
vened at 10 o'clock a.m. Monday, May 1, 1939, Dr. G. Fred Hale,
Raleigh, presiding.
President Hale:
The Sixty-fifth Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Dental Society
will come to order. We will stand and have the invocation by Dr. S. L.
Stealey, pastor of the First Baptist Church, Raleigh.
Dr. Stealey:
Almighty God of the universe, humbly we pause to recognize Thy
presence, Thy righteousness, Thy majesty. We ask that Thou wilt take of
what we are, what we have and what we are able to do and fit it into
that one great plan that makes life perfect. Give us faith in our hearts
and common sense in our heads until we shall be able to plan and pro-
vide for the ongoing, not only of the business of dentistry but of the
Kingdom of God among all the men of the earth. Combine our fellow-
ship and our friendship and meditations and plan according to the
direction of Thy Holy Spirit in which alone is truth and right. In
Jesus' name Ave ask it. Amen.
President Hale:
Unfortunately, the Mayor of the City of Raleigh was unexpectedly
called out of town but he has sent us an unusually good man to welcome
you to the City of Raleigh. I recognize Mr. R. L. McMillan, of Raleigh.
Mr. McMillan:
It gives me a great deal of pleasure to extend to you on behalf of the
Capital City, your city, a cordial welcome. Every person has his own per-
sonality. Every city has its own personality. We, in the City of Raleigh,
2 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
we, in the State of North Carolina, like to believe that characterizing the
City of Raleigh is hospitality. It was named for Queen Elizabeth's gal-
lant knight, noted for his gallantry. On behalf of the City of Raleigh,
on behalf of the citizens of Raleigh, on behalf of your capital city, in
the name of its Mayor, I extend to you a cordial welcome, hoping you
will find hospitality. You deserve it. When your sessions have concluded
I hope you can say it was the greatest convention in the history of
your organization, that a definite contribution was the courtesy and
hospitality of your own Raleigh. On this May day, this beautiful spring
day, I extend a welcome to you for your Capital City. I thank you.
(Applause.)
President Hale:
Thank you, Mr. McMillan.
I recognize Dr. William M. Matheson, of Boone, who will make the
response to the address of welcome.
Dr. William M. Matheson:
President Hale, Members and Guests: In behalf of the members of
the North Carolina Dental Society I wish to thank you and to express
our appreciation for this kind and generous welcome to your fair city.
It is, indeed, a privilege for us to hold our 1939 meeting here, for as
citizens of North Carolina we have a genuine affection for Raleigh,
our State Capital.
There are many reasons for our being proud of Raleigh. The story
of the capital of North Carolina is a choice gem in American history.
In this history we get a cross-section of a virile and industrious people.
Our forefathers were early settlers and they with their posterity have
played a magnificent part in developing and shaping the destiny of our
great Nation.
The beauty in your good city, and ours, is that which has been selected
and preserved from her best throughout the ages. One entering Raleigh,
who lives not within her borders, marvels at the enduring restfulness of
her setting with her colonial and modern homes, her splendid churches,
her great educational institutions and her proud State buildings shel-
tered by an array of portly trees whose very numbers seem to be without
end.
We do not realize, perhaps, what an influence this environment has
in shaping the decisions of our Legislators. North Carolina has been
blessed through the various official representatives. Through the wis-
dom and guiding hand of her laws her people are protected today from
the shame and horrors of quackery in medicine and dentistry. Through
the influence of this same wisdom and guiding hand, Mr. McMillan,
North Carolina presents before you at this hour one of the most ethical
and most highly trained groups of dentists in America.
We are delighted to be here and we shall enjoy our stay in Raleigh.
Containing the Proceedings 3
President Hale:
Thank you, Dr. Matheson.
Vice President Dr. C. M. Parks:
Ladies and Gentlemen :
I present to you the President of the North Carolina Dental Society,
who will bring his annual message at this time.
President Hale:
Mr. Chairman. Felloxr Members of the Society and Guests:
The president of an organization should be heard from as little as possible.
With this thought fresh in my mind, may I beg forgiveness for taking a moment
of your time and presuming to be able to tell you something which might be of
value.
These meetings tear down professional provincialism and build up under-
standing. They give us an opportunity to not only know better the man across
the street from us, but also to better know the man in the other town. Most
often when there is one among us who is a continuous cause of strife you will
find that he is either not a member in good standing, or, if he is, he does not
attend the local and state meetings regularly.
The world is moving too fast and there are too many modern divergent
philosophies not to have cohesion within a given profession for the advance-
ment of knowledge, for the creation and maintenance of good will, and for the
protection of the public. A free discussion of our problems, devoid of person-
alities, is essential for growth, but when personalities become predominant
chaos is the result, and the profession is dwarfed to the stature of the partici-
pants. Fortunately in this state and in the South generally we are a homoge-
neous people, and we handle our purely local problems with a minimum of fric-
tion, as the interest of the profession demands.
I am proud to practice dentistry in North Carolina where high ideals and
noble aspirations prevail, where the force of thought and energey of our
membership are directed in a channel, the main current of which is for better
service to the people whom we serve. If the quality of our professional service
and the forces which we expend for civic and spiritual advancement appraise
us, and I believe they do, then we should rank foremost in the civilization
of our state. We as individuals in our communities make the composite pic-
ture of our profession, and let us never lose sight of that.
The benefit derived from attending scientific meetings lies not so much
in the knowledge directly gained as it does in its possibility to excite thinking,
critical thinking, of the subjects presented. Such an attitude of mind would
have a tendency to open up avenues of imaginative thought and stimulate a
desire to look for evidence to support our opinions.
There has been a lot said and written about the progress of dentistry, its
opportunities and responsibilities. Much has been accomplished, but critical
self-analysis is demanded for continued growth.
Are we building a foundation upon which to erect a finer and more adequate
superstructure? Are we fortifying our opinions and ideas with wider knowl-
edge in the light of present-day evidence? Are we going to the compiled
knowledge of recognized students of merit in the basic sciences in an effort
to keep abreast of the advancing tide of investigative information? When we
have gathered further enlightenment in the fields of biology, genetics, the
problems of growth and development, physiology, pathology, and all other
possible factors which deal with the problems of dentistry, remote as well as
4 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
local, shall we be bewildered by the magnitude of our opportunities and re-
sponsibilities and be content to do the same things in the same way, or shall
we be encouraged to make better restorations more nearly in harmony with
the structural, biological and physiological needs of the individual, and to
treat disease within our field of operation with more understanding. Dr. C. N.
Johnson once said, "Ideals are seldom static. If we sufficiently grow in grace,
the ideals of yesterday and today will not suffice for the demands of tomor-
row. Unless we can point to a higher concept of our obligation to the pro-
fession and to humanity as the days go on, we shall have failed in our
professional and personal duty."
The literature is rich with excellent information, but do we use it? Sir
William Osier said, "To study phenomena of disease without books is to sail an
uncharted sea, while to study books without patients is not to go to sea at
all." Our offices are to us laboratories from which our daily departure should
find us better equipped to do the next day's work, provided we fortify impres-
sions with study from current literature pertinent to the problems at hand.
Someone said, "Seeing is the commonplace, observing is the unusual," a cas-
ually dropped remark which deserves thought.
The frontier of knowledge is being advanced, but are we studying with pa-
tience and tolerance to further the services the dental profession should be
able to give? Are we assuming our opinions to be facts? Are our observations
based upon sufficient data and do we ourselves view them with a critical
mind? Claude Bernard said, "If we experimented without a preconceived idea,
we should move at random, but, on the other hand ... if we observed with
preconceived ideas, we should make bad observations and should risk taking
our mental conceptions for reality." Let us not be afraid to ask ourselves all
of these questions and then take the time to analyze all of our concepts.
There are other observations, of a somewhat different character, which
might profitably be made, namely: Is there a philosophy in dentistry? Is the
quality and the quantity of predental and dental education adequate? If both
are adequate, why is there such a noticeable lack of literature for the public
from the pen of dentists, when there is such an abundance from the pen of all
other learned professions? We would never tolerate the belief that the dental
profession interests a less ambitious student than those seeking other callings;
then where must we point the finger of suspicion? These questions must sooner
or later find an answer. Men in our Society have given unselfishly of their
time, energy and money searching for the answer, among whom at the pres-
ent time is Dr. W. P. Bell, Past President of the National Association of Dental
Examiners, and at the present time a member of the Council on Dental Edu-
cation.
While I have raised all of these questions, please do not think that I am
unmindful of the great accomplishments of our profession, of its ideals, hopes,
and aspirations. We grow by undertaking to discover our weak points and
searching for remedies, and not so much by enumerating virtues already
known. "We may point with pride to some of our achievements of the past,
but these are not sufficient to carry us in the future. We still have much to
accomplish, and if we are to measure up, it behooves us to look for new goals
of achievement."
We do not achieve without effort, long and painstaking. Notable leadership
of many men in our Society, too numerous to mention here, whose love for
dentistry and whose intelligent, industrious and fearless leadership in initiat-
ing and prosecuting improvements in the profession, individually and collec-
tively, does not pass without recognition. They early realized that problems
could not be solved except by a critical and constructive analysis, and then by
diligent prosecution of projected aims.
Containing the Proceedings 5
But with all of our technical knowledge, our splendid organization, our
ideals, we are asking ourselves "Whither Dentistry"? It is hard to conceive
that a government which has heretofore given protection to the profession
and to the public by means of legal safeguards, would now reverse its policy.
I must believe in my government to such an extent that if radical changes in
policy are contemplated the request of organized dentistry will be respected.
But here lies the danger — our attitude of indifference as to what is or might be
contemplated by a small, militant, organized minority, which represents a
transitory opinion of the needs and demands of the people of this country. So
far the dental profession has been sufficiently alert to prohibit unsound legis-
lation which would affect the practice of dentistry — our future safety lies in
the vigilance of the men of our profession.
Dental caries is the most prevalent of all diseases, but I seriously doubt
if an adequate service is as much a matter of economics as of education and
desire. If our upper and middle strata of society know the value of dental
service, are able to pay for it, and are even desirous of obtaining it, but just
put it off, what do you expect of that army who don't know the value, don't
desire the service, except in case of pain (which they now get), and can't pay.
We can and have provided the facilities, but we cannot compel people to avail
themselves of such. There must be reborn in many Americans a sense of indi-
vidual responsibility for his own welfare. The government can no more sup-
ply medical and dental care for all of its people than it can all the other
necessities of life. We, the people, are the government; or, so we were taught.
We must lend our force, initiative and inspiration to see that the manage-
ment of professional obligations remain a proper function of the profession,
that there be cooperation with government agencies, but policies and systems
not be left to the dictates of a bureaucracy none too familiar with the prob-
lems of dentistry and the actual needs of the public; that higher standards of
conduct and practice are liberally spread.
Further discussion of this subject by me is unnecessary, as we have been
very fortunate in getting Dr. C. Willard Camalier, past president of the
American Dental Association, to appear on our program on Tuesday to discuss
"Some Pertinent Observations on the National Health Program."
This presentation would not be complete if I failed to mention with praise
the recent work of Dr. J. Martin Fleming and express to him the gratitude of
the members of the North Carolina Dental Society for his excellent History of
the North Carolina Dental Society. It represents over two years of work,
day and night, compiling, editing, proof reading, and supervision of printing.
This book stands as a permanent record of North Carolina Dentistry from
1856 to date, and as a monument to his industry, determination and unusual
ability. Your failure to purchase a copy will haunt you with regret in years
to come.
I am not enumerating the activities of the Society during the year, as these
will be covered in the various committee reports to the House of Delegates.
There are two recommendations I present for your consideration:
First: That the House of Delegates consider the advisability of selecting a
nominating committee for the officers of the North Carolina Dental Society.
This Society is blessed with able and conscientious men, with varying apti-
tudes and capacities for different kinds of work.
I believe that if we were to change our policy and select a nominating com-
mittee to study our membership and present names of candidates for the vari-
ous offices that the good of the Society would be served. I would suggest that
this committee be composed of eleven members, ten of whom would be elected
by the House of Delegates, two from each District; and one to be appointed by
the incoming president. This committee will meet and select their own chair-
6 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
man before the adjournment of the State Society Meeting at which they are
selected. This committee will also meet on the day preceding the next annual
state meeting and proceed to select two nominees for each of the various
elective offices, and the report of this committee to be made during the first
day of the meeting at a general session of the Society. Seven mmbers will
constitute a quorum.
Provision should also be made for supplementary nominations from the
floor, in case such nominee or nominees have the endorsement of as many as
ten members.
Second: Extensive search for the Seal of the North Carolina Dental Society
has been fruitless. Dr. Fleming and your president worked up a design, which
you will find on the cover of your program, and the Executive Committee
adopted it acl interim. That the records may be clear I recommend that the
House of Delegates adopt it and authority be granted for making a seal to be
used on official documents of the Society.
If I did not feel a sense of personal responsibility for the success of this
meeting I would not merit the confidence which you placed in me when
elected, and which I value more highly than my command of language can
convey to you. If this meeting merits your favor, credit is due, not to me, but
to the untiring efforts and splendid cooperation of many individuals and
committees, chief among which are: our efficient secretary, Dr. Paul Fitz-
gerald, the Program Committee, the Executive Committee, Dr. Frank Alford,
our president-elect; the Editor-Publisher, Dr. Neal Sheffield, the result of
whose labor eminently speaks for itself; the Local Committees, which have
been working several weeks to prepare for our comfort and entertainment.
(Applause.)
Vice President Paries:
Dr. Hale, I think you are to be congratulated for that able address.
The committee to report on the President's address is Dr. Paul Jones,
Dr. H. 0. Lineberger, and Dr. I. E, Self.
President Hale :
I now recognize Dr. W. T. Smith, who will report for the Necrology
Committee.
NECEOLOGY COMMITTEE EEPOET
Dr. W. T. Smith :
Since last we met some of our comrades have answered the last roll call.
They were borne to a new-made tomb by sorrowing friends and there left
to return unto dust from which they came, but their works still live
among us. This stands as a memorial to them. I now recognize Dr.
J. H. Guion of Charlotte.
DR. W. MARVIN ROBEY, CHARLOTTE, N. C.
Dr. W. Marvin Robey, past president of the North Carolina Dental Society,
died at the home of his sister, Mrs. William Morgan, in Glendale, California,
July 19, 1938, in his 59th year.
Dr. Robey was born in Elkin, N. C, November 30, 1879, the son of a Method-
ist minister. He received his early education in the schools of Elkin and later
attended Vanderbilt University and immediately after completing his aca-
Containing the Proceedings 7
demic and dental education, practiced for a short time in East Central North
Carolina, but came to Charlotte some thirty years ago. Here he distinguished
himself in his profession and was active in the leadership of community
betterment.
Dr. Robey was not only a fine dentist, but a fine man. His simple ruggedness
of character and honest thinking made him the sort of man that flavors life
for his fellows with zest and inspiration, and to give it glamour it would not
otherwise have radiated.
Dr. Robey's life long interest in dentistry was devoted to elevating and
maintaining the higher standards of his profession, both in education and
techniques. He was the godfather to all the young dentists who sought his
council and fellowship.
His death, therefore, takes much of helpful and joyful contact and fellow-
ship out of the further experiences of a large concourse of friends and ac-
quaintances who always found in him a spring-house of refreshment.
Dr. Robey professionally grew up with Charlotte and soon became a leader
in the ranks of his fellow-dentists in the state. This rating was wrought
not only because of skillfulness in sheer technique, but because, also, he was
recognized as a willing contributor to the civic and public interest, an eager
servant of the common good.
He occupied a high and useful place in the ranks of the diligent workers
and unselfish men who have so successfully pushed our profession from its
lowly birth to where it stands today. He has left behind him a record of
professional excellence and a career as a loyal, public-spirited citizen and
loftiness of personal probity and integrity worthy of all emotions.
Surviving Dr. Robey are his wife and an only son, Marvin Robey, Jr., of
3002 Belvedere Avenue, Charlotte, N. C. His funeral was held Sunday, July 24,
1938, at 5 o'clock, with burial in Elmwood Cemetery. J. H. Gition.
Dr. Smith :
Dr. A. M. Berryhill of Charlotte is next recognized.
DR. ROBERT H. MCLAUGHLIN
Dr. Robert H. McLaughlin died suddenly in his office on the afternoon of
August 1, 1938, in Charlotte, North Carolina. He was 56 years of age. His
death came as a great shock to our community. He was the youngest son of
Ann Sturgis and John B. McLaughlin.
"Dr. Bob," as he was affectionately called, was graduated from the Balti-
more College of Dental Surgery in the class of 1904, and located that same
summer in Charlotte where he practiced until the day of his death.
He married Miss Margaret Wallace. Surviving him are three sons and two
daughters.
For a quarter of a century he served his church as an officer. He had high
ideals and always stood for what he believed to be right. He was charitable
and a friend of the unfortunate, never turning away from anyone in need of
the price of a loaf of bread.
"He laid up for himself treasure where moth and rust do not corrup and
where thieves do not break through nor steal"; and when his summons came
he had so lived that he was sustained by an unfaltering trust.
To his children we say that the world is better because of the life of their
father and we are glad that he passed our way.
A. M. Berryihi.i..
8 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Dr. Smith:
Next I wish to recognize Dr. Harold E. Story of Charlotte.
DR. J. HOPKINS KELLEY
It has been my distinct honor to write a memoriam for Dr. J. Hopkins
Kelley of Charlotte, because of the fact that he was a close personal and pro-
fessional friend of mine.
He was so modest that he did not live unto himself or for himself but for
others, and I am very sure that no member of his profession has ever known
of his doing an unkind act or anything that would impinge on the sacredness
of ethics in his chosen profession of dentistry.
Dr. Kelley was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and a native of
Creston, Ohio. He practiced successfully in the city of Philadelphia for eleven
years and equally successfully in Charlotte from 1913 until 1938, when ill
health made it necessary that he retire.
You who knew him best will agree, I know, that he was always a gentleman
to his finger tips.
Harold E. Story.
Dr. Smith:
Dr. T. P. Williamson, Charlotte, is next recognized.
DR. SAMUEL LEVY
Doctor Sam Levy was born in Lithuania and came to the United States
at the age of twelve years. He came to Charlotte from Statesville about 1895.
He was married to Miss Bessie Miller in 1903. Surviving Dr. Levy are his wife
and three children: Mrs. M. A. Feldman of Atlanta, Ga., and David and
Arnold Levy of Charlotte, two brothers, Mr. Ben Levy of York, S. C, and Dr.
Louis Levy of Charlotte; four sisters, Mrs. A. Nurick of Salisbury; Mrs. A.
Goldman of Petersburg, Va.; Mrs. H. Klompus of Baltimore, Md., and Mrs.
J. Radaloff of Baltimore, Md., and two grandchildren, Edwin and Marcia
Feldman of Atlanta, Ga.
Dr. Levy entered the Atlanta Dental College in the fall of 1910, and grad-
uated with the class of 1913. He also was a graduate of the Philadelphia
School of Optometry. Dr. Levy enjoyed a good practice and at the time of
his death maintained offices in Charlotte at 109 y2 S. Church Street. Dr. Levy
was well known in our city, and was active in church and civic affairs, and
was a charter member of the Hebrew Synagogue of Charlotte. His death was
due to an automobile accident which occurred on the 20th of last August, thir-
teen miles north of Durham. Immediately he was carried to Watts Hospital,
in Durham, where he peacefully passed away at 5:30 a.m. the morning of
March 14, 1939.
"Sam" was a member of the Charlotte Dental Society, the Second District,
the State Society, and the American Dental Association.
At the time of his death he was a member of the board of trustees of the
North Carolina State College for Negroes at Durham, which appointment was
given him by Governor Hoey.
Dr. Levy was past president of the B'nai B'rith international Jewish order;
past president of the Charlotte Hebrew Temple Association; first president of
the Jewish congregation in Charlotte; past grandmaster of Excelsior Lodge,
Scottish Rite Masons; past worshipful ruler of the York Rite Bodies of
Masonry; a member of the Masonic Fellowship Club, the Moose Order, Macca-
bees Lodge, and a 32d degree Mason. He was also past consul of the Hornets
Containing the Proceedings 9
Post Camp Woodmen of the World, and at the time of his death was chair-
man of the camp's board of auditors.
We shall greatly miss Dr. Levy in our midst, for he was congenial, and of
a most happy frame of mind. The many kindnesses he showed the poor of our
city will not soon be forgotten, and we extend to the bereaved family our
deepest sympathy.
T. P. Williamson.
Dr. Smith:
Dr. A. S. Bunigardner, Charlotte, will read the next eulogy.
GEORGE CULLEN HULL
I deem it a privilege and an honor to have this opportunity of adding a
feeble tribute of affectionate esteem and admiration to the life and character of
our beloved friend and colleague, George Cullen Hull. I know, however, that no
words that I can employ can adequately and fully describe my own very high
estimate of the true worth and value of our deceased friend and citizen.
It was on November 25, 1889, in the little village of Casar, N. C, that crisp
November morn, when the trees were just completing the shedding of their sum-
mer foliage, that a bright, blue-eyed baby boy was born, the fifth child of that
beloved couple. His early childhood was spent in that community. He graduated
from Piedmont High School in Cleveland County and then went to Weaver
College, Weaverville, N. C, where he was graduated with very high honors.
Soon after graduation the war came and he enlisted for service in the World
War entering as a private, and in about six months was commissioned First
Lieutenant. He was made a bayonet instructor and was sent to a number of
camps in the United States to instruct soldiers in bayonet warfare. He was
honorably discharged from the army in 1919 and immediately went to the
Atlanta Southern Dental College, Atlanta, Ga., as a vocational student of the
United States Government with all expenses paid and took a complete course
in dentistry. He was graduated from the Dental College in June, 1923, with
the very highest honors, and was elected valedictorian of his class.
Soon after his graduation in dentistry he was licensed to practice in sev-
eral states but preferred to locate with his brother, Doctor P. C. Hull of Char-
lotte, who had preceded him in the profession about ten years. He did not
have to wait for a practice as his brother had a very large one and plenty of
patients ready for work. He remained with his brother, Dr. P. C. Hull, for five
years and then he opened his offices in the First National Bank Building,
Charlotte, N. C, and at the time of his death he had one of the most lucrative
practices in this city.
He was married to Miss Martha Weeks of Atlanta, Ga., in 1923, and she,
along with their two children survive. The two children being George, Jr., age
15 years, and Martha Anne, age 12 years.
George was a painstaking dentist, a man of great energy, and dearly beloved
by all who knew him, and now that he has been taken from our midst let us all
hope that it was mercifully granted unto him; that as he passed from the tem-
poral and earthly to the heavenly and eternal, that he saw the radiant lights
of the celestial city, and was greeted by the music of the eternal morn.
May our Heavenly Father send his grace and consolation to comfort his
family and the bereaved comrades and friends.
A. S. BUMOARDNKR.
Dr. Smith:
I will ask Dr. Paul Munsell of Hamlet to come forward.
10 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
DR. HERNDON W. THOMPSON
Dr. Herndon W. Thompson, incumbent editor of the Third District, North
Carolina Dental Society, died at his home in Hamlet, N. C, December 11,
1938, in his 43d year.
Dr. Thompson was born in Chester, S. C, on November 17, 1895, and moved
to Hamlet, N. C, in his early youth. Upon completion of his schooling in Ham-
let he entered Old Trinity, now Duke University, and was graduated with an
A.B. degree in 1917.
He entered Atlanta-Southern Dental College in the Fall of 1917. later with-
drawing to volunteer for service in the army at Ft. McPherson, Ga. Following
his discharge from the service he returned to his study of dentistry, and com-
pleted his course in 1921.
He established his practice in Hamlet in the Fall of 1921, and was in con-
tiguous attendance until ill health forced him to retire in December, 1936.
Dr. Thompson was not only an able dentist, but a fine man. Countless pro-
fessional and social friendships attested eloquently to his unselfish spirit. His
association with, and his interest in the North Carolina Dental Society was
constant — his desire to be of assistance and to keep abreast of modern trends
was uppermost at all times.
This organization is richer for his having lived and labored therein. He has
left behind him a record of professional diligence and personal integrity worthy
of great respect.
Surviving Dr. Thompson are his wife, the former Olive Sompayrac, of So-
ciety Hill, S. C, and twins, a boy and a girl, Herndon, Jr., and Audrey, aged
3 years; his mother, Mrs. T. W. Thompson; a sister, Mrs. A. A. Johnston of
Wadesboro, N. C, a brother, Broadus Thompson, Amherst, Va. Funeral services
were held in Hamlet, N. C, Monday, December 12, 1938, at 2:00 o'clock, with
interment at Society Hill, S. C.
Pact. Mtjnsell.
Dr. Smith :
We will next hear from Dr. C. D. Bain, of Dunn.
DR. RESTON MEMORY SQUIRES
Dr. Reston Memory Squires was born October 7, 1874, and spent his child-
hood and early manhood in Bladen County. He attended Salemburg Academy
in Sampson County. In 1901 he entered the Dental Department of the Medical
College of Virginia where he was president of the class with which he grad-
uated in 1904. He practiced dentistry at Salemburg 1904-1909; at Wake Forest
1909-1938.
He was married in 1912 to Miss Ethel Carroll of Winterville, N. C, who sur-
vives him, together with two sons, Rodney and Cedric, and four daughters,
Evelyn, Ruamie, Hildredth, and Julia.
He worked at his office until 6 o'clock Saturday and was gone at 9:30
Sunday, August 14, 1938 — coronary thrombosis.
Dr. Squires believed in his profession, served, honored and promoted it in
every way possible. He joined the N. C. Dental Society in 1904 and to the time
of his death, missed only one annual meeting. He was a charter member of the
Fourth District Dental Society, serving for three years as its editor. He
believed in organized dentistry; he grew professionally with every meeting
he attended; he enjoyed the fellowship of his friends. When called upon, he
contributed time, papers, clinics. He served as First Vice President of the
Society in 1912; as Secretary and Editor of the Proceedings 1914-1917; as
President, 1917-1918. All of these honors he deeply appreciated and was greatly
Containing the Proceedings 11
moved by the congratulations of friends when he was presented with the Past
President's medal.
He was a member of the American Dental Association and attended a num-
ber of its meetings. At the time of his death the papers were ready to be
mailed, nominating him for membership in the American College of Dentists.
By invitation, he returned to his Alma Mater in February 1938 to read a
paper at the Centennial Celebration of the Medical College of Virginia.
Dr. Squires was always alert to promote the financial, civic, educational,
moral and religious interests of his town and community. For years he served
as Director of Banks, Building and Loan Association, Boy Scouts, Deacon of
the Wake Forest Baptist Church, Member of the General Board of the Baptist
State Convention. People, young and old, turned to him for counsel and advice
on all sorts of problems, college students with tangled love affairs, business
men with financial failures, orphans with threatened mortgages, parents with
wayward children. He shouldered the burdens of many, as scores of letters
from former patients and students of Wake Forest College testify. Over and
over these say, "He was not only my trusted dentist, he was also my personal
friend."
He did to the utmost of his ability every task which he undertook. -He gave
his best to everyone whom he served, from college president to Negro washer-
woman. After his death, many clippings, personal bits of philosophy, and
observations on life were found in his desk. Among them was this original
sentence: "My life is my prayer; my work, my sermon." He mastered the art
of living beautifully. The tones of his violin echoed such songs as "Love Me
and the World is Mine," and "Earth Has No Sorrow that Heaven Cannot
Heal." Among the favorite texts and poems, which he liked to quote, was
John Charles McNeill's "Sundown."
"We know, O Lord, so little what is best —
Wingless, we move so lowly;
But in thy calm all-knowledge let us rest —
O Holy, Holy, Holy!"
Essentially religious, his was the quality of life that is eternal. Today we
pause to bow in reverent gratitude for his contribution to our profession and
for his blessed influence in the hearts of friends.
C. D. Bain.
Dr. Smith :
Dr. J. N. Johnson, Goldsboro, is now recognized.
DR. 0. J. BENDER
Dr. 0. J. Bender, son of Robert and Mary Bender, was born November 18,
1864, on the old Bender plantation in Onslow County, located on New River,
eight miles from Jacksonville. He died on March 27, 1939, aged 75 years, at the
old home where he was born and was interred in the family cemetery.
In paying this last act of respect to our departed brother I do so with a
strong feeling of personal loss and with a full consciousness of his fidelity and
worth to the North Carolina Dental Society and to the affection in which he
was held by its members.
Few men live and practice over a period of 39 years and maintain, at a
constant high peak, their interest in this Society as he did. When we consider
that he practiced in a thinly settled county, where there was no other dentist
but himself until recently, we realize his loyalty and love for his profession
12 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
by his attendance record at our annual meetings. He was absent from one
meeting in 39 years. His absence then was due to a badly mangled left arm
received in an automobile accident. It was during his confinement in a hos-
pital in my city, sick unto death, that I awoke to the great heart in our
friend. Sitting by his bedside, his good right hand in mine, he told me "that
he had no fear of death, that everybody had to die when their number was up
but that he had a little unfinished business he would like to see through. The
surgeon wants to amputate my arm. If he does I won't be worth anything to my
family or to my profession." Dr. Bender had never married but there were
three nieces and seven nephews around which his heart centered. One of
these nephews he had sent through Wake Forest College and also medical
college which he was finishing that year. He just wanted to live long enough
to see him launched in practice. His expression of affection for these relatives
was beautiful in its quiet modesty and as he talked to me about them this
thought came to me. There has never been a finer man or a more devoted
uncle than you, Bender.
He was a genial soul, highly ethical, cordial and sincere. He was always the
first to arrive at the meetings of this Society and the last to leave for home.
He was a Past Vice President of the Fifth District Dental Society, a member
of the North Carolina Dental Society and of the American Dental Association.
He received his education in the county schools of the state and was graduated
from the Atlanta Southern Dental College in the Class of 1900.
He is survived by one brother, Ralph Bender, three nieces and seven
nephews, among whom are Drs. Ernest L. Bender of New Bern and Robert
Bender of Lexington, N. C.
J. N. Johnson.
Dr. Smith:
The final eulogy will be presented by Dr. Horace K. Thompson.
DR. H. L. KEITH
Dr. H. L. Keith was born at Keith, N. C, in Pender County, on February 13,
1883. He received his dental degree from Atlanta Southern Dental College.
For a while he practiced at Henderson and at Southport, later moving to
Wilmington, where he enjoyed a large and successful practice until his death.
Dr. Keith was suddenly stricken in his office and was removed to the hos-
pital where he died on July 29 of cerebral hemorrhage after a week's illness.
He was vitally interested in Church and civic life of his community, being
a deacon and chairman of the Board of Finance in the First Baptist Church.
He also served as chairman of the troop committee and the Wilmington
District Committee of Boy Scouts. As a charter member and Past President
of the Exchange Club he exerted his energies toward community betterment.
Dr. Keith was a Past Secretary-Treasurer of the North Carolina State Board
of Dental Examiners, a Fellow of the American College of Dentists, a member
of the Omicron Kappa Epsilon dental scholastic fraternity. He was a valuable
member of the New Hanover city-county board of health, and also served on
the staff of the James Walker Memorial Hospital.
Dr. Keith was married to Miss Coates of Benson in December 1929. A fine
boy and two beautiful little girls blessed this union and give comfort to their
mother.
Dr. Keith loved his life's work, for he practiced it with an ardor few of us
can understand. He strove to be accurate rather than sensational. His work
attests that. He was a fine and conscientious operator, an ethical and just
practitioner. Furthermore, with a keen insight, he early perceived the high as-
pirations of a noble profession, which he greatly loved and ardently strove to
Containing the Proceedings 13
better. We here mourn his loss because we miss him. Yes, but we are grateful
for his life and the opportunity of having known him.
To his family goes the deep sympathy of his profession. To his profession
he leaves his memory and admirable deeds performed while one of us. He
leaves it a better profession because he helped make it so. He early lighted a
torch and held it above his head. It is still luminous.
Horace K. Thompson.
Dr. Smith :
You have heard the roll call of those of our members who have quit
the ways of men to join the ranks of the immortals.
The names you have just heard represent those of our comrades
who have finished their wTork and completed their contribution to the
profession and to human civilization. Most of them have striven untir-
ingly to place the standard of our State Society in admiration of the
other states of the Union. Interested, taking an intelligent part in all
funcions of the society, they leave to us a challenge for the best in us of
untiring service to our society, to our practice and to our community.
When we reflect on their going, we are reminded of the loss felt in
their homes, and as friends of our comrades, extend to their families our
heart-felt sympathies.
Dr. Smith:
I wish to thank those who have helped us in our memorials.
President Hale :
Thank you, Dr. Smith.
Dr. Horton:
May we stand one moment and bow our heads in honor of these who
have gone.
Silence. Gavel.
President Hale:
I want to recognize Dr. H. 0. Lineberger, who will introduce our
guests.
Dr. Lineberger:
Mr. President and Gentlemen: We are very happy to recognize sev-
eral of our friends from neighboring states.
Dr. Howard B. Higgins, Past Executive Secretary of the South Carolina
State Society.
Dr. Jennings from Virginia.
Dr. Washe, Virginia, Past President Virginia Dental Society.
Dr. Julius Hughes of Atlanta, Georgia.
Dr. E. L. Banks of Atlanta, Georgia.
Dr. Herbert Lamons, Greenville, Tenn.
Dr. Guy Harrison, Virginia.
Dr. A. C. Wright, Virginia.
14 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Dr. W. W. Wright, Virginia.
Dr. Tyler Haynes, Virginia.
Dr. George Duncan, Virginia.
Dr. D. C. York, Mississippi.
Dr. Harry Bear, Virginia.
I want to say regarding Dr. Bear, he is at this time the President of
the American Association of Dental Schools. This is particularly im-
portant just at this time since you recall this is the one hundredth
anniversary of Dental Schools in this country and we are very, very
happy to have a member of an adjoining State as President of that
Association at this time.
(Applause.)
President Hale:
We are more than glad to have out-of-state people here. You don't
feel like visitors. You feel like one of us. You are always welcome. The
Chair entertains a motion that the courtesies of the floor be extended to
these gentlemen.
Motion made and seconded. Vote taken and carried.
President Hale:
We are going to recognize all clinicians a little later. All on the
program will be recognized at a later time.
I present to you Dr. O. L. Presnell, who will introduce the next
speaker.
Dr. Presnell:
Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: Venereal Diseases, of late,
have been very forcibly impressed upon the public through the educa-
tional campaign instituted by the Public Health Agency. This is of great
interest to us as Dentists because of necessity syphilitics must pass
through our hands perhaps much more frequently than Ave realize. I
deem it very timely that we should devote a portion of our program to
the discussion of the dentist's part in the control of syphilis. We are
indeed fortunate to have come to us today Dr. Raymond A. Vonderlehr,
Assistant Surgeon General Division of Venereal Diseases, IT. S. Public
Health Service, Washington, D. C.
Dr. Vonderlehr :
Dr. Presnell, Dr. Hale, Ladies and Gentlemen: It is always a pleasure
to visit North Carolina, first of all because I like the South and second,
because in North Carolina you are doing a real job in syphilis control.
Thanks to the magnanimity of the Reynolds Foundation and to the
money which is available from your own State Legislature and Public
Health Service it has been possible to develop in North Carolina a pro-
Containing the Proceedings 15
gram- for the control of syphilis which is second to none other program in
any of the Southern States.
THE DENTIST'S PART IN THE CONTROL OF SYPHILIS
The dentist as a scientist is naturally interested in the control of the com-
municable diseases. Syphilis is one of the most serious and prevalent of them
all. Estimates made by the Public Health Service based upon a large number
of surveys in representative areas throughout the United States indicate that
somewhat more than a half million people acquire syphilis in this country
and seek treatment for it each year. Another half a million people are infected
but fail to seek treatment immediately. It is from this second half million
who neglect their infection that the thousands of people come who develop the
late crippling manifestations of syphilis and who become medical and welfare
problems in later years.
A consideration of the prevalence of syphilis is of interest to the dentist
because it gives him information regarding the frequency with which he may
encounter the syphilitic patient in his practice. Recently published studies
show that if we begin with any average group of 100 boys and girls, aged 10,
and follow them through the remaining years of their lives, by the age of 25,
four have or have had syphilis; by the age of 40, four more, or a total of eight,
have been or are infected with syphilis, and by the time the age of 50 is at-
tained, 10 of the hundred have or have had this disease. All of this hundred
will not, of course, be alive at the age of 50 years. A large percentage of the
syphilitic patients die. Many others develop central nervous system and car-
diovascular disease due to syphilis by the time this age is attained. A con-
siderable proportion becomes latent or asymptomatic. A few recover sponta-
neously and many more recover after the administration of modern treat-
ment.
"When these prevalence data are applied to the clientele of the average den-
tist, it is obvious that a considerable proportion of his patients have or have
had syphilis. The number increases directly with the average age of the den-
tist's patients.
The frequency of syphilis is indicative of the extent to which the dentist
exposes himself to syphilis in actual practice. The modern dentist should
know syphilis so that he may guard against accidental infection. A discussion
of the common manifestations of syphilis of the oral cavity should therefore
be of interest. Once the dentist suspects the presence of syphilis, he should, of
course, refer his patient to a competent physician for definite diagnosis and
treatment.
Syphilitic Lesions of the Oral Cavity
The common syphilitic manifestations which involve the oral cavity occur
in early (primary and secondary) syphilis and in late (tertiary) syphilis.
There is a long period in the interim between these two stages when the syphi-
litic infection is latent and no lesions occur. The primary and secondary le-
sions are of the greatest importance because they are the source of infectious
material.
The classical lesion of primary syphilis is the chancre or initial sore. The
chancre develops at the point at which the susceptible individual is inoculated
with the germ of syphilis, the Spirochaeta pallida. Ordinarily, the chancre de-
velops on the generative organs, but when syphilis is transmitted by kissing
or through perverted sexual practices, it may occur on the lips, the tongue,
tonsils, cheek, or the chin. The signs and symptoms of chancre may be more or
less classical, but since the darkfield microscope examination and the sero-
logic blood test for syphilis have come into popular use, more dependence is
16 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
placed upon laboratory findings than upon clinical manifestations in the diag-
nosis of primary syphilis. In the first two or three weeks of the syphilis infec-
tion, the darkfield microscopic examination, if repeatedly performed, will
demonstrate the Spirochaeta pallida in about 95 per cent of the patients with
primary syphilis. Diagnosis of a chancre of the oral cavity by darkfield ex-
amination is complicated by the occurrence of spirochetes in that area nor-
mally, which may be confused with the Spirochaeta pallida. For this reason,
only a technician thoroughly familiar with the morphology of spirochetes
should be permitted to perform these microscopic examinations. Fortunately,
after the first two or three weeks, the serologic blood test becomes positive in
practically 100 per cent of the patients with early syphilis who remain un-
treated, and this test is then utilized to clinch the diagnosis or exclude syphi-
lis in people who have had suspicious lesions.
One of the most valuable of the associated signs of primary syphilis to the
physician is enlargement of the regional lymph glands. In chancre of the
mouth the glands at the angle of the jaw are generally enlarged. The en-
larged glands of syphilis are painless and there are none of the accompanying
signs of acute inflammation such as redness and heat, so the patient does not
pay much attention to them. The enlargement may, however, immediately
attract the attention of the observant dentist.
Chancre of the tongue is not nearly as frequent as chancre of the lip, but it is
usually associated with the same type of bubo. Chancre of the gum may oc-
casionally be seen.
The fingers, particularly of the left hand, are the most frequent site of
chancre among dentists, because this hand is used to retract the patient's
cheek. These chancres may take on very atypical forms. The finger chancre is
usually painless and this is a point in the differential diagnosis from felon
or pus infection around the nail. Such chancres are indolent and do not re-
spond to the symtomatic treatment usually given for acute infections in this
location. The lymph vessels between the chancre and the enlarged regional
lymph glands in the axilla or at the elbow may be cord-like.
At any time from three weeks to a few months after the appearance of the
chancre, a syphilitic sore throat (pharyngitis) is apt to develop. This is a
diffuse inflammation involving chiefly the pharynx and the tonsils. It cannot
be differentiated from an ordinary sore throat even by the experienced physi-
cian without a blood test. At the same time there may be malaise, headache,
loss of weight, fever, gastro-intestinal symptoms and pains in the bones. Be-
sides the constitutional symptoms, there may be a generalized eruption, su-
perficial lesion (mucous patches) about the mouth and genitalia, and signs of
early involvement of the central nervous system.
The chief infectious lesion of the early stage of the disease is the mucous
patch. This is a very innocent looking lesion but very dangerous as the secre-
tion from it swarms with spirochetes. The typical mucous patch is a small,
circumscribed, slightly elevated and slightly inflamed lesion covered with a
flesh-colored to pearly or faintly grayish membrane. It is seldom less than 6
mm. and often 7 to 10 mm. in diameter and is comparatively painless. It may
be found on the inner surfaces of the lips, on the surface of the tongue or on
the buccal mucous membrane. It may become eroded and irregular or stellate
in shape. To the experienced observer it seems to be very characteristic but it
may be confused with a number of nonsyphilitic lesions. Mucous patches may
develop rapidly. A throat may show no more than a mild angina on one
examination and may show a mucous patch on the tonsils or buccal mucous
membrane 24 hours later. The usual duration of these lesions is from two to
three weeks.
Containing the Proceedings 17
As a rule in syphilis, when the infection grows older, there is a tendency for
the spirochetes to become localized and the disease less infectious. Rarely
patients who remain in a transition stage between dissemination and localiza-
tion of the spirochetes may continue indefinitely to be carriers of the disease.
There is a small group of patients who have recurrent secondary lesions months
or years after the infection. These patients have a low resistance to the spiro-
chete, usually as a result of inadequate or poorly managed treatment. These
recurrent lesions are highly infectious and constitute a very serious public
health problem. The lesions of the recurrent type have the same appearance as
the original secondary lesions, but they are less numerous and are not so apt
to be noticed.
There are three types of late lesions in acquired syphilis that are of interest
to the dentist. These are leukoplakia, gummata, and destructive bone lesions
of the hard palate or the jaw. Leukoplakia results from scarring following the
healing of the mucous patch. It is associated with atrophic glossitis, or absence
of the papillae on the tip of the tongue. It is a grayish, somewhat thickened
patch often occurring at the commissures of the mouth and on the tongue and
cheeks. Irritation alone may cause a nonsyphilitic type of leukoplakia and it
also predisposes to the syphilitic form. It is particularly frequent in smokers
and in patients who have bad teeth. Leukoplakia frequently undergoes ma-
lignant degeneration, and for this reason it may be necessary for the physician
to treat not only the syphilitic infection to prevent the development of leuko-
plakia, but also to treat the leukoplakia to prevent malignancy. Patients with
leukoplakia should always have a thorough examination including blood and
spinal fluid tests.
Gummata, the classical lesions of tertiary syphilis, may occur in any of
the tissues of the mouth, but more often in the hard and soft palates and the
tongue. Gummata of the tongue must be differentiated from the lesions of
cancer and tuberculosis. The gumma appears first as a circumscribed more
or less inflamed swelling which later breaks down and ulcerates. It causes
destruction of tissue and scar formation. The effects of gumma of the nasal
septum are so characteristic that they are often recognized by the uninitiated
observer. These gummata may result in perforation of the hard palate and a
characteristic (saddle-back) nasal deformity caused by destruction of the
bridge of the nose.
Great care must be exercised in dental operations on syphilitic patients, be-
cause gummatous infiltration, or damage of the bones occurring in locomotor
ataxia may result in such fragility of the bones that fractures occur very
readily. The dentist is apt to be blamed for lack of union of such fractures.
Certain of the lesions of congenital syphilis aid in the detection of syphilis
in dental patients. Interstitial keratitis is the most frequent of these. It occurs
in about 40 per cent of patients with congenital syphilis seeking treatment.
The clouding of the cornea and the whitish scars left by the disease can be
recognized readily. The patient may also have photophobia and try to shield his
eyes from the strong light of the dental lamp. Associated with this condition
may be saddle nose, bulging forehead, or scars called rhagades radiating from
the corners of the mouth.
Dental stigmata have long been recognized as signs of congenital syphilis.
The triad described by Hutchinson consists of a typical deformity of the teeth,
interstitial keratitis, and deafness. The complete triad is rarely seen but
Hutchinson's teeth are not uncommon. The permanent upper central incisors
have the shape of a truncated cone and there is a crescentic notch in the cut-
ting surface -of the teeth. The notch is generally considered the most essential
feature of the Hutchinson tooth, but as a matter of fact it may be caused
18 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
by other constitutional disturbances during the early years of life, and the
characteristic screw-driver shape of the tooth is more important.
The molars may also show characteristic changes described as mulberry
molars. This manifestation appears in the first molars of the second dentition.
The cusps of these teeth are defective and dwarfed and they decay early. The
grouping of the cusps has suggested the name "mulberry molar." A large
number of other tooth defects have been described as characteristic of con-
genital syphilis but it has not been definitely proved that they are.
Cooperation with the Physician
The dentist can render great service to the community by tactfully referring
all suspicious patients to an experienced physician for examination. In so
doing he also cooperates with the public health officer in the latter's case-
finding work.
Early treatment of children with congenital syphilis will usually prevent the
late crippling effects of the disease, and treatment of syphilitic mothers pre-
vents the birth of syphilitic children in the great majority of cases. These are
major accomplishments of modern antisyphilitic treatment.
Treatment of early syphilis with the arsphenamines and bismuth is also
very effective. The communicable lesions of syphilis heal after a few doses of
the arsphenamines and do not recur if adequate treatment is administered.
The best results are obtained in early syphilis when treatment is begun
during the first year of the disease and a minimum of 30 doses of one of the
arsphenamines and 40 of one of the bismuth preparations are given. Ap-
proximately 90 per cent of patients with early syphilis so treated may
be expected to recover. Modern treatment, if given in the latent stage of syph-
ilis, is very effective in preventing the late crippling effects of the disease.
By keeping the oral cavity of the patient in good condition, the dentist can
also aid in the more effective treatment of syphilis. Dental sepsis is a definite
factor in the mechanism of intolerance to treatment for syphilis. Cruikshank
has pointed out, for example, that the most common complication of modern
treatment with bismuth is the bismuth line.1 In the group of patients he
studied, this line occurred in 75 per cent of the patients with unhealthy mouths
and in only 7 per cent of the patients with healthy mouths. In the former
group it was necessary to interrupt treatment for periods varying from two
to fourteen weeks, while in the healthy group treatment did not have to be
discontinued in any case.
Stomatitis following treatment with mercury is often the result of a pre-
existing gingivitis. If the patient's mouth and teeth are in poor condition,
attention should be called by the physician to the proper care of the oral
cavity before antisyphilitic treatment is begun, and prophylactic dental
measures should be continued during the treatment. The value of good den-
tistry is shown by an improvement in the patient's general condition. Closer
cooperation between the dentist and the physician will result in fewer com-
plications and fewer otherwise unnecessary interruptions of treatment.
The Dentist's Interest as a Cittzen in Syphilis Control
The dentist should be concerned with the syphilis problem in yet another
way. As a leading citizen in the community he should have a definite interest
in the well-being of the entire population. As a taxpayer he should also have
an interest in the wise spending of public funds. Both of these interests are
involved in the control of syphilis.
1 Cruikshank, L. G. Dental disease and its relation to antisyphilitic therapy. Brit. J. Yen.
Dis., London Oct. 1938, 14: 280.
Containing the Proceedings 19
In the early portion of this paper I outlined some of the facts about the
extent of syphilis. When we recall that several million persons in this country
now have, or have had syphilis, some conception is gained of the magnitude of
the problem. And when we consider that annually an estimated $41,000,000,
largely from public funds, is spent in institutional care for those disabled be-
cause of syphilis, we begin to appreciate the dollars and cents importance of
the problem. Especially is this clear when we understand that the expenditure
of a much smaller sum will reduce syphilis to a place of minor importance
in public health.
You understand the implications of the problem. You know that success
in this field means a strengthening of the health of the whole nation. You
can appreciate the importance of an annual blood test on the same grounds
that you appreciate the importance of a semiannual dental examination. You
can foresee the decline in prenatal mortality which would be made possible
by premarital and prenatal blood testing. As influential citizens, you can
make your voices heard.
Responsibility for health under our form of government is shouldered pri-
marily by each community. How much of the burden should fall on the Fed-
eral government, the state, and the locality is a problem which must be
ascertained by experience. There must, however, be minimum standards of
medical and dental care. In arresting and preventing the development of
disease, whether it be dental disease or venereal disease, society assumes an
obligation that will pay rich dividends in the conservation of human health
and human welfare, and even in the more material monetary values.
It has been estimated that about one-fourth of the population of the United
States visits the dentists of this country annually. This gives the dentist an
unusual opportunity to aid in the present campaign against syphilis. His du-
ties are: (1) To protect himself against accidental infection, (2) to refer the
dental patient suspected of being infected with syphilis to a competent physi-
cian, (3) to cooperate with the private physician and the health officer in
maintaining syphilitic patients under treatment by preventing the develop-
ment of untoward reactions involving the oral cavity, and (4) to support
the campaign against syphilis in his community.
An intelligent community campaign should include the following provi-
sions: (1) A trained public health staff that knows how to control syphilis,
(2) a reliable system of reporting and follow-up on all cases of syphilis, (3)
the development of adequate diagnostic and treatment facilities, particularly
for those syphilitic patients who cannot afford to pay for proper private treat-
ment, (4) the development of efficient laboratory service free to all physicians
and clinics, (5) the distribution of antisyphilitic drugs without charge to all
physicians and clinics, (6) requirement by law that every expectant mother be
given a serologic blood test as soon as she seeks prenatal care, (7) the require-
ment by law of medical examinations including a blood test for syphilis on
both contracting parties before marriage, (8) a routine serologic blood test
whenever complete physical examinations are given, and (9) an intensive
educational program to acquaint the public with the facts about syphilis.
(Applause.)
President Hale:
Thank you, Dr. Vonderlelir.
President Hah-:
Dr. Carl V. Reynolds, Secretary of the State Board of Health sends
his regrets that he is not able to be here for this meeting. He had a
20 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
conflict with another meeting that he did not know about at the time he
accepted the invitation. However, he is ably represented by Dr. J. C.
Knox, whom we will now recognize. Dr. Knox is with the State Board of
Health. (Applause.)
Dr. Knox:
Mr. President, Dr. Vonderlehr, Members of the North Carolina Dental
Society: We are indeed fortunate to have such an excellent paper as we
have just heard. It is rather hard for one to discuss a paper that is so
comprehensive as Dr. Vonderlehr's. However, it might be well to em-
phasize some of the problems that he has discussed from a purely local or
state standpoint. We have found out in this state that our average of
syphilis or prevalence of syphilis is about as quoted by Dr. Vonderlehr.
When we apply those figures to North Carolina, we find that you, as
Dentists, have the chance of seeing, on the same basis that he has dis-
cussed, approximately 75,000 people each year who have syphilis. That
is a remarkable situation and one that is more or less astonishing when
we stop to analyze it but we have, in the last two years, reported to us
cases that have never previously been reported. One hundred and sixty-
four thousand individuals in North Carolina have syphilis. Now it is
without doubt you are seeing some of those patients and some of them
have never had treatment. But you are seeing them and you are running
the risk of accidental infection in those patients.
Another way it seems to me in which you are helping remarkably is
in the care of the mouths of these individuals, so that complications of
treatment will not develop. Of course some of these complications cannot
be avoided. They have prevented patients taking regular treatment.
Those things involved would be care of the mouth that would eliminate
the lapse in treatment is certainly a field for cooperation between the
dentist and the medical profeession. North Carolina has recently passed
a law requiring pre-marital examination, including a blood test. It has
also passed a law that pregnant women should have this blood test. So,
we are following out in North Carolina many of the things that have
been given as an adequate program for the control of syphilis as out-
lined by Dr. Vonderlehr, but we are falling far short in some instances.
However, we believe our Venereal Disease program will go forward and
mature in the next few years to where we can look back with a consider-
able degree of pleasure and pride on the accomplishments of this program.
In North Carolina we are fortunately situated in that we have money
to spend that others don't have and Dr. Vonderleher has told you some-
thing of the necessity for that. If we all get together, we can really do
something about the program of syphilis in this state. Thank you.
(Applause.)
Containing the Proceedings 21
President Hale:
Dr. Knox, I want to thank you very much for your timely discussion.
It is open for general discussion uoav. Is there anyone who wishes to
discuss Dr. Vonderlehr's paper? We'd be glad to hear from you. If
there is no further discussion, Dr. Vonderlehr Ave certainly Avant to thank
you ATery much for this very fine presentation.
President Hale:
The Chair will at this time recognize Dr. Thomas M. Hunter, of Hen-
derson.
Dr. Thomas M. Hunter:
Mr. President, Members of the North Carolina Dental Society: It is
my pleasure this morning to present to you an authority on Removing
Stains from Mottled Enamel. He is geographically located in one of the
largest areas of mottled enamel in our country, that being in the tidewater
area of Virginia. It is our good fortune this morning to have discussed,
"Removing Stains from Mottled Enamel" by Dr. J. Wilson Ames, Smith-
field, Virginia. Dr. Ames. (Applause.)
REMOVING STAINS FROM MOTTLED ENAMEL
Mottled enamel is a developmental defect in the enamel of teeth resulting
from drinking water (and perhaps eating foods) containing excessive quan-
tities of fluorine during the period of tooth calcification.* It has heen shown
that fluorine concentrations in drinking water of one part or more per million
is capable of creating this phenomenon. The affected teeth are usually glazed
on the surface. They may be paper white, void of translucency; or have this
paper white color as a background, with areas of yellow or brown in any shade
and even black. These areas are irregular in outline and vary in shape. The
most characteristic areas are band shaped, extending across the axial sur-
faces from mesial to distal. Quite often these bands assume the shape of
zig-zag streaks. In some cases the labial surfaces are pitted. If the mottling is
serious enough to render the enamel chalky and flaky, the tooth no longer has
its normal glaze and luster.
Proof that fluorine is the causative factor may be found in Technical
Bulletin No. 52, published by the University of Arizona. The experiments
herein described were performd by Isaac Schour and Margaret Smith. They
experimented with rats, using sodium fluoride. These experiments were exe-
cuted by diet feeding and also by injections. Both methods show very much
the same results. A more accurate check may be kept on the injection type
of experiment. Some of their results will now be cited.
Injecting .3 cc. of a 2.5 per cent solution of sodium fluoride 48 hours apart
and killing the rats twenty-four hours after the last injection, histologically
they found the gonoblasts and epithelial papillae normal. They used liter
mates in the experiment as controls. The enamel was distinctly stratified.
This stratification consisted of pairs of layers, which in number corre-
sponded exactly with the number of injections. Each pair of layers consisted
* Dean, H. T. : Chronic Endemic Dental Fluorosis, Journal of American Med. Association,
Vol. 107, Oct. 17, 1936.
22 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
of: (a) a light layer, which represented the primary and immediate reaction
to the injection and which was both hypoplastic and hypocalcified; (b) a dark
layer which promptly followed the light one and which represented the sec-
ondary or recovery reaction. The pair of light and dark incremental layers in
enamel may be regarded as characteristic of fluorosis.
In the dentine they found changes comparable to those in the enamel,
whereas the pulp and odontoblasts were normal in appearance.
In U. S. Public Health Bulletin reprint No. 1581 may be found the results of
a survey of the distribution of mottled enamel; these results show that about
half or more of the forty-eight states of the Union have areas, some large,
others small, in which mottled enamel is found.
In a survey carried out by Dr. W. C. Ames and the writer, 50 per cent of
the students in Smithfield High School. Smithfield, Va., were found to have
mottled enamel. The purpose of this paper is to describe the writer's tech-
nique for the removal of stains from mottled enamel.
The methods formally used involved jacket crowns and other mechanical
means of restorations, including the very drastic method of grinding the
stained portions from the tooth. This method generally resulted in grinding the
majority of the tooth enamel away.
Many formulae were mixed which gave limited results in eliminating the
stain. Finally, by mixing five parts of 100 volume hydrogen peroxide and one
part of ether, the formula was obtained which now is being used by the
writer. The actual technique of using the formula to remove the stain is as
follows: A rubber dam is adjusted in place, isolating the teeth to be treated.
Gauze exodontia sponges may be packed all around the dam for safety be-
cause the formula is injurious to soft tissues. The use of rubber gloves by the
operator is also advised. A shield of isinglass may be made to shield the pa-
tient's eyes and nose. This shield can be held in place by slipping it under
the upper border of the dam.
It is suggested that a length of cotton roll, just covering the teeth to be
treated, be tied in place with the free ends of the ligatures used in retaining
the rubber dam. It is advisable to agitate the formula with an eye dropper
before wetting the cotton roll as the two liquids separate readily. As soon as
the two liquids are well mixed the cotton roll may be saturated. A gentle but
steady heat to the saturated cotton roll is suggested as an accelerator. For this
application of heat a very simple device made by the writer is used. It con-
sists of the handle of any broken instrument, the end of which has been flat-
tened and then made somewhat spoon-shaped. A hole was drilled in a metal
ball the size of the handle. This ball was then slid down as close to the spoon
end as possible for heat accumulation. A suitable wooden handle was fastened to
the opposite end. The metal ball may be warmed over the flame of an alcohol
lamp or Bunsen burner, guarding against overheating as devitalization may
result. When the cotton roll begins to dry, it is suggested that the two liquids
be agitated again and the cotton roll resaturated. Five cc. of hydrogen perox-
ide and one cc. of ether are the quantities used by the writer. This generally
lasts about half an hour.
In no instance has the writer had a failure thus far, although some have
responded to treatment more completely than others. It is advisable to have
photographs made before and after treatment for comparison. The writer sug-
gests that a period of two or three weeks elapse between the last treatment
and the taking of the final photograph. The reason for this is that the portion
of the tooth void of any stain will become abnormally white; however, after
two or three weeks, the tooth will regain its normal color. What the chemi-
cal reaction or histological change is the author cannot say. He has performed
no experiments on the subject either chemically or microscopically.
Containing the Proceedings 23
As to the length of time required to complete the treatment, there are
many factors to be considered. The writer does not believe that one can fore-
cast the time with any degree of accuracy. A case that may appear simple may
possibly take longer than a more difficult appearing case. The most difficult
and deepest stained cases have been selected, so that the stain would show well
on the photographs. As many varieties in type as could be found have also
been selected. Among these cases the number of treatments has varied from
five to twenty-five per tooth or group of teeth treated as a unit. The color of
staining in these cases varies from light yellow through dark brown and gray
to black. The cases seen in this area vary from paper white to black.
In some cases the mottled teeth are as resistant to caries as any normal
tooth. In other cases they are very soft, chalky, and flaky. The time for the
stain to appear on or in the mottling varies. Some erupt stained. Some erupt
paper white and the stain appears later. Others erupt paper white and remain
unstained through life.
In no case treated has there been a recurrence of stain. Six years have
elapsed since the first case treated was completed. This patient has been under
constant observation. There has been no reappearance of the stain thus far.
There may be little or no change until about the third treatment. The fol-
lowing few treatments show a marked change. As the number of treatments
progresses, the less marked is the change. The reason for this is that the first
few treatments remove the superficial stain. As progress is made the bleaching
penetration is slower.
In this treatment only the stain is removed, the mottling itself still
remains.
The X-ray has been used in the experimental work as an accelerator with no
results. The following method has also been used. The formula was heated in
a test tube fitted with a rubber stopper and glass tubing. The end of the
tubing was drawn out to form a small nozzle. The vapor was directed on the
stained portion of the tooth. This procedure produced slower results than the
cotton roll and hot instrument technique.
With the etiology of enamel mottling known, its prevention becomes a ra-
tional and relatively simple matter. This is largely an educational problem.
In regions where fluorosis occurs endemically or where a high concentration
of fluorine in the drinking water is found, the use of collected rain water from
birth until the age of seven years should prevent its development.
(Applause.)
President Hale:
I know that there will be a number of questions that you will want to
ask Dr. Ames. May I suggest that you prepare those questions and ask
him tomorrow in his clinic. Then he can more adequately answer them
than here, not only answer you but show you also.
Dr. Ames, you have certainly given us some very informative and
interesting data, and we are very grateful to you. We are delighted to
have had you with us, too.
President Hah:
The Chair will recognize Dr. Wilbert Jackson, Delegate to the
American Dental Association meeting at St. Louis:
24 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Mr. President, Members of the North Carolina Dental Society and Honored
Guests :
It shall be my purpose to bring to you as briefly as possible a report of the
most important transactions of the House of Delegates of the American Dental
Association held in St. Louis, Missouri, October 24-28, 1938.
This report has been taken from the reports of the various committees,
from the Journal of the American Dental Association, the published pro-
ceedings of this meeting, and from my personal observations at the meeting in
St. Louis.
Dr. C. Willard Camalier, President of the American Dental Association,
called the 80th annual session of the House of Delegates to order Monday morn-
ing, October 24, at 10:30 o'clock. After receiving a preliminary report of the
Credentials Committee which represented a quorum present, Dr. Camalier
proceeded with appointment of Reference Committe. Our own Fifth District
was represented on six of the convention committees.
Dr. Camalier's annual report, which was easily classed as one of the best
if not the very best report any president of the American Dental Association
has ever made, indicated a term of 15 months filled full of unusual activities
which necessitated a travel of 35,000 miles of which 22,000 was made by
plane.
The slogan adopted by President Camalier was: "Dental Health for Ameri-
can Youth." This slogan was intensified by a National Dental Poster Contest
inaugurated during the year by the American Dental Association in the public
schools throughout the country. Five hundred thousand children entered the
contest which had as its object to make them more conscious of the impor-
tance of dental health and through them convey the all-important message
of dental health to the parents and those whom they contact.
The success of the contest was definitely portrayed in Youth's Lane in the
auditorium at St. Louis, where more than 5,000 of these posters were dis-
played. One hundred twenty-seven received honorable mention. There were
fifteen prize winners representing nine states. Thirty-five states were repre-
sented in the honorable mention class. First award, Section C, Scientific and
Health Exhibits, which consisted of Health Educational projects, was won by
North Carolina State Board of Health, Division of Oral Hygiene, which is
directed by none other than our Dr. E. A. Branch.
National Health Program
The committee appointed to consider the National Health Program of
President's Interdepartmental Committee recognized the fact that dentistry
constitutes an integral part of a National Health Program and recommends
first,
"In view of the fact that caries is the most prevalent disease of mankind,
the American Dental Association strongly recommends that the Federal
Government augment with a comprehensive research program, the efforts of
the organized dental profession to determine the cause of this disease."
This committee has been one of the most active and important committees
in the A.D.A.
The Bureau of Public Relations
The Bureau of Public Relations in cooperation with the committee on
Public Health reports a most urgent need for a well-appointed textbook on
Public Health, and recommended that, "The Bureau of Public Relations
in cooperation with the Committee on Public Health be authorized to pre-
pare suitable, factual material to be used for a textbook for oral health edu-
cation, and that the Bureau of Public Relations be authorized to employ a
Containing the Proceedings 25
well-trained educationalist, capable of arranging dental facts into series of
graded and intellectual teachings outlined on dental health which may be
put into use by teachers in public and private schools, high schools, state
teachers' colleges, and normal schools." This resolution was adopted.
The American Red Cross
Plans have been worked out by the American Dental Association and the
American Red Cross whereby the A.D.A. and component societies can co-
operate with and coordinate their efforts in preparing for and handling relief
in disaster.
Dental Relief Fund
The Dental Relief Fund Committee reports an increase in the amount con-
tributed to that fund totaling for the year $23,873.54. An increase of $3,354.27
over the previous year.
Council on Dental, Therapeutics
The Council on Dental Therapeutics continues to be one of our most effi-
cient councils, and one which we need to support 100 per cent. The Council
seeks not only to elevate the dental profession by insisting upon the use
of accepted remedies but seeks to persuade manufacturers to bring them
products in accord with the Association policies. Since 1930 the Council has
announced 436 products acceptable to the Council, 297 not acceptable, 118 not
acceptable by reports unpublished, 161 products reaccepted. These figures indi-
cate the importance of the work of the Council.
The Research Commission
The Research Commission made a most interesting report showing an ex-
penditure of approximately $148,000 for dental research with thirty-two schools
actually engaged in dental research.
Council on Dental Education
The Council on Dental Education was created by the House of Delegates in
1937 to succeed the Dental Educational Council of America as a standing
committee of the American Dental Association.
The committee is composed of three members from the American Dental
Association, three from the American Association of Dental Schools, three
members from the National Association of Dental Examiners. This commit-
tee, which has as its chief object the improvement of dental education, has
been one of the most active of the American Dental Association during the
past year.
The work of this committee means as much and probably more to the
future of dentistry in the United States than the work of any of the A.D.A.
committees. This committee, which is composed of some of the finest and most
capable men in the profession, will see to it that our dental schools are
properly classified as accredited or non-accredited schools. The National Asso-
ciation of Dental Examiners was represented on this committee by our own
Dr. Billy Bell. The importance of the work of this committee cannot be over-
estimated.
Committee on Economics
The Committee on Economics has been very active during the year making
several surveys relative to dental health plans whereby the masses may be
cared for.
26 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
The Centennial Celebration
The A.D.A. approved a plan whereby the dental profession will cooperate
with the Maryland State Dental Society in celebrating the Centennial of Pro-
fessional Dentistry in 1940 in the city of Baltimore in a way and manner
befitting the great profession.
To support this project the American Dental Association appropriated
$10,000.
The New York World's Fair
The A.D.A., the dentists in the State of New York and adjacent states, have
made contributions to make this a most interesting dental educational
exhibit.
The Dental Journal and Dental Cosmos
The criticism which arose as a result of the acceptance by the A.D.A. of the
Dental Cosmos from the S. S. White Company with certain requirements to
be met by the A.D.A. was settled when the S. S. White Company, in a letter
addressed to Dr. Camalier, relinquished all rights under the contract hereto-
fore entered into by the company and the Board of Trustees.
The A.D.A. accepted the offer of the S. S. White Company to relinquish all
rights as to the Dental Cosmos, and voted to leave the name of the Dental
Cosmos off of the Journal of the American Dental Association.
Dental Legislation
Probably the most outstanding dental legislation during the year became
law January 29, 1938, increasing the Dental Corps of the United States Army
by 100 men, and creating the position of Brigadier-General. S. M. Heiniger,
the mail order dentist who was successfully prosecuted before the United
States Postoffice Department, but who obtained a reversal before Judge Pey-
ton Gordon, is still before the Supreme Court of the United States. The offi-
cials of the Postoffice Department feel that Judge Gordon's decision will be
set aside and the fraud order will hold.
A.D.A. Insurance
Every member of the American Dental Association in good standing is
entitled to make application for this insurance in the Great West Insurance
Company. The Insurance Commission headed by Dr. A. D. Weakly of Wash-
ington, D. C, have been untiring in their efforts to see that every member
knows of the advantages to be derived by purchasing this group insurance.
Membership
The regular membership as of December 1, 1938, shows 41,344, a grand total
including junior members of 43,280 which is the greatest membership in the
history of the profession.
Attendance
The registration for the meeting was more than 8,000, 27 from North
Carolina. Considering the distance, this was a splendid representation. The
general meetings were more largely attended than those of other sessions.
The section meetings were equally well attended. The section on Children's
Dentistry and Oral Hygiene probably received more attention, and rightfully
so since its main object was the teachings of preventive dentistry.
The publicity given by the press of St. Louis was the very finest type of
educational publicity. The accounts of the convention were of a professional
character that was most favorable to dentistry.
Containing the Proceedings 27
The meeting in all its phases was up to and surpassed in many respects
the high standard set by previous meetings.
It is to be hoped that more of our members will avail themselves of the
splendid opportuniteis offered by the American Dental Association in the
future and attend these annual meetings.
At the last meeting of the House of Delegates, Dr. Marcus L. Ward of Ann
Arbor, Michigan, was installed as president; Dr. Arthur H. Merritt of New
York was elected president. Dr. Olin Kirkland of Montgomery, Alabama,
was elected trustee from the Fifth District.
Altogether the St. Louis meeting was one of the most successful if not
the most successful meeting yet held.
(Applause.)
Respectfully submitted,
Paul Fitzgerald,
H. 0. LlNEBERGER,
Clyde Minges,
Wixbekt Jackson.
President Hale:
Thank you, Dr. Jackson.
You have heard the report of Dr. Jackson. What is your pleasure?
Dr. Bumgardner:
I move that the report be accepted. Motion seconded, vote taken and
carried.
President Hale:
I take pleasure at this time in recognizing our good friend, Dr. J.
Martin Fleming. (Applause.)
Dr. Fleming:
Mr. President, this is a report of the Historical Committee.
(Applause.)
REPORT OF HISTORICAL COMMITTEE
Your committee is happy to report the completion of the task assigned. The
History has been off the press only a few days and has been distributed only
to those who some time in advance had sent in their checks solely on faith
as to what it should contain.
At the meeting in Winston-Salem last year, in the hurry of adjournment, it
was voted to leave the final details of publication in the hands of the Execu-
tive Committee with power to act. A report of the work done prior to the
meeting in Winston-Salem was made and in that report an attempt was made
to set forth the cost of the finished product. We figured that the book would
not contain more than 300 pages and we figured the cost of publication around
that number as to cost per page, but as we proceeded, the voume of the work
increased. We found more and more material,
"And so I penned
It down, until at last it came to be,
For length and breadth the bigness which you see."
We laid our troubles before the Executive Committee and after full consulta-
tion we were ordered to proceed with the publication, even if it made 600
28 Bulletin Worth Carolina Dental Society
pages — which, at one time it looked like it would do. The final condensation,
however, brought the pages down to about 500, and we were ordered to con-
tract for at least that many copies at a cost not to exceed $4 per copy for
the actual printing. It was felt by the Executive Committee that enough copies
would be sold to our membership to cover the full cost of publication with
perhaps a few volumes left over for future members to procure, so, that in
the end, the Dental Society would be merely underwriting the work and not
really be out any great amount of money from its own treasury.
The Bulletin, through its editor, Dr. Neal Sheffield, has been most helpful
in advertising the History, and Dr. D. L. Pridgen, the Chairman of the Execu-
tive Committee, mailed out some return postal cards which brought in orders
for the reservation of more than 100 copies.
The first delivery contained twenty copies and these, as we said, were dis-
tributed to those who had paid in advance. The full order is now finished and
is available at the scheduled price of $6 per copy.
When it comes to the distribution of these and collections for the same,
we hope some plan can be worked out that will relieve the Chairman of the
Committee of that detail. However, we would be glad to assist in the delivery
of and collection for as many copies as the members would care to claim at
this meeting. The matter of postage is not great but a delivery at this meeting
would greatly reduce the amount of work in wrapping, for mailing, each
individual copy.
In the beginning of the work a sum of $500 was voted the committee for
necessary expense in furthering the work and this $500 should be counted in
the cost per volume as most of it has been spent as the financial statement
shows.
The following is a statement of the expenditure of that sum:
Copying and research $ 13.50
Supplies 27.30
Stationery 12.44
Stenography and typing 140.20
Multigraphing 80. SI
Clerical help 32.00
Postage 55.00
History of Dentistry in Missouri 6.00
Betts, for having picture copied 3.00
Personal account 5.00
Bynum Printing Co. for cuts 71.97
State Bank Tax - .54
Total Expenditures other than the actual printing of book $447.76
Balance of $500 $ 52.24
Separate and distinct from this fund we have received 19 subscriptions
at $6, total $114, thus leaving a balance in the bank of $166.24 as of today.
So much for the report proper but personally I would love to make a few
suggestions. One is that the members of the committee numbering nine, each
be given a copy of the book without cost. They have been of the greatest
help in attending meetings and in doing any work assigned them. Dr. W. T.
Martin has acted as Co-treasurer of our fund and they are all entitled to that
recognition.
A limited number of copies should also be given to the college libraries of
the State, especially those of the five leading colleges and also to the State
Library.
Containing the Proceedings 29
Drs. Harry Bear and J. Ben Robinson have asked that copies be reserved
for them and they will gladly send checks but we wonder if we should not
give, a copy to a few dental college libraries also. I would also suggest that we
present Dr. Geo. M. Cooper of the State Board of Health a copy.
I may, in a way, be "sticking my neck out" in this suggestion, I may be
flattering myself in even thinking that copies would be appreciated at any
of these places but if it becomes only a gesture of friendliness I feel that it is
worthwhile.
J. Martin Fleming,
J. Conrad Watkins,
C. P. Norris,
W. T. Smith,
W. T. Martin.
President Hale:
Dr. Howie.
Dr. E. B. Howie:
Mr. President, Gentlemen: Inasmuch as the report which we have
just heard commands the serious attention of this Society by reason
of the fact that it is an important record of North Carolina history to he
preserved for posterity, and inasmuch as the huge task of collecting and
compiling so vast an array of facts as herein presented has entailed
almost insurmountable difficulties; and inasmuch as the result of these
labors lies before us thoroughly and beautiful executed,
We, the undersigned members of the North Carolina Dental Society,
living and residing in the city of Raleigh, the home town of the author of
this report, feeling that we are best qualified to testify as to his qualifica-
tions and ability and cognizant as we are of the fact that Dr. J. Martin
Fleming is an outstanding member of the North Carolina Dental Society,
that he has held all the offices of honor and trust which lie in the power
of this body to bestow, that at all times he has filled positions of trust
with infinite success, that as long as he has been a member of this Society
he has been a constant attendant at all the meetings, and a close student
of its problems and an intrepid guardian of its interests, that he has a re-
markable memory and has with unswerving diligence maintained a per-
sonal file of matters pertaining to this organization, that he is among the
best educated men that have graced the registry of this Society, that he is
honest and sincere, that in the making of this report he has given un-
sparingly and unselfishly of his time, in painstaking solicitation of in-
formation, that he is thoroughly conscientious and dependable.
Knowing all these things, we feel that this organization displayed rare
judgment and discretion in selecting Dr. Fleming as chairman of the
Library and Historical Committee, and that this report merits the
highest commendation of this body, we move therefore, that the report
be received with profound thanks and spread upon the minutes of this
meeting with unqualified approval. This motion is signed by all the
members of the Raleigh Dental Society.
30 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
President Hale:
You have heard the motion and it has been seconded. Is there any
discussion ?
Vote taken and carried. (Applause.)
President Hale:
We are indebted to Dr. J. R. Edwards, of Fuquay Springs, for the
beautiful flowers and also the roses many of you are wearing in your
lapels. It was very thoughtful, kind and considerate of Dr. Edwards, and
we appreciate it greatly, Sir.
With your help we are going to run this meeting on time. At two o'clock
we convene in this hall to hear one of our own men, Dr. Coble. We are
going to begin on time at 2 :00 o'clock. We have a full afternoon.
If there is no further business, this session stands adjourned.
Adjournment at 12 :50 p.m.
GENERAL SESSION
MONDAY AFTERNOON, MAY 1, 1939
President Hale:
Gentlemen, the afternoon session will come to order. I recognize Dr.
E. G. Click.
Dr. E. G. Click (Elkin) :
Mr. President, Members of the North Carolina Dental Society, Ladies
and Gentlemen : We have Biblical authority for the statement that a man
is not without honor save in his own country. We have with us this
afternoon, as our essayist, one of our own, a member, a life member of
the North Carolina Dental Society, and a man who has been recognized
in his chosen field, prosthetic dentistry. Raised on a farm down in Ala-
mance County, he has for years practiced dentistry successfully in one
of the larger towns in our state. He has appeared as essayist before State
Societies in New York, Virginia, Georgia, and Florida. He has attended
more meetings of the American Dental Society, given more clinics at
the American Dental Society, and more clinics in his own state and other
states than any dentist in any state. He is a member of the American Full
Denture Society. I don't think that anything I have ever done or ever said
has done anything especially for this man or lent him any inspiration
in his struggle up to the heights which he has attained but I am proud
of the fact that I claim to be one of his first instructors. He hadn't been
at old Batimore College but just a few weeks as a Freshman, being a very
determined, energetic kind of fellow, until he wanted to get the practical
side of the work, so he conceived the idea of making a full denture
for his landlady. I, being a second year man, had had quite a little
Containing the Proceedings 31
experience in impression taking so he came to me and wanted me to go
with him to take that impression and help him make that plate, so we got
out a little box of plaster and proceeded up the street, and there I in-
structed him in the procedure of taking a full plaster impression. I re-
member he paid me $2 for my part of the work. What he got in cash re-
muneration from that lady, I don't know. I remember, though, she was
rather young and good looking but we were just boys then, my friends.
Many years have passed. Boys in the class of 1907 and 1908- now have a
little gray. That lady up on McCullough Street may still be living and
still wearing the plate we made for her but she is not young and beautiful
any more.
But the man I am trying to introduce to you has been striving for the
best and highest by long hours spent studying and experimenting in his
laboratory at night and on Sundays, and has finally reached the place
where he can make a better impression than I can. The subject of his lec-
ture is, "A Precision Technic for Full Denture Construction." Dr. Lu-
cian Graves Coble, of Greensboro.
Dr. Coble:
If there is any truth in what Dr. Click has said he has had a great
part in making it so, for, in 1916 he persuaded me to go with him to
Philadelphia for Dr. Paeso's six weeks' course. Again in 1920 we went
to Baltimore for a two weeks' course under Dr. Patterson, and in 1925 to
Chicago for a six weeks' course at Northwestern University. This is the
background of my prosthetics.
A PRECISION TECHNIQUE
IN PULL DENTURE CONSTRUCTION
My picture shows how I develop a set of dentures.
It is not entirely original, but at the same time, I do not use any one indi-
vidual technique. We all use sectional impressions in immediate denture work,
but I use sectional impressions for the edentulous cases, because in get-
ting a well-adapted impression of the rugae and the palate I can see how much
I would distort the anterior ridge if soft. Then the ridge can be forced down
to its original position with index finger before I make my labial section in
plaster. The first step is to select a tray, trimming and cutting away the labial
surface and shaping it to fit the case. Then with modeling compound in the
tray I force it in the mouth upward and forward, holding it firmly, and with
the index finger I force up the surplus across the soft palate. This is removed
from the mouth and trimmed. If the patient is wearing an old denture, it is
easy to see if it is correct in length. I then measure the old denture, and meas-
ure the impression, trimming the surplus the length that I want the new den-
ture. The labial surface is trimmed entirely away and notched to receive the
plaster for the labial impression. Then this modeling compound is dried, and
with paraffine formula painted well over the surface. The paraffine formula
behaves very much like chewing gum. It softens at the mouth's temperature,
and is chilled hard enough to pour the cast. After the palate and the buccal
are completed I place on the bottom of the tray modeling compound, stops
or bite points, and have the patient close, holding it firmly while I raise the
32
Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
SHOWING THE SECTIONS SEPARATELY
REMOVED FROM THE MOUTH
A DENTAL GAUGE IS USED TO RECORD
THE PATIENTS VERTICAL FACIAL DI-
MENSION.
«mnzZ2Z(
THE PATIENTS OLD UPPER DENTURE IS THE DENTAL GAUGE IS USED TO DETER-
MEASURED TO DETERMINE WHAT MINE THE HEIGHT OF THE UPPER BITE
CHANGES MAY BE NEEDED IN THE NEW PLATE.
ONE.
Containing the Proceedings 33
lip and place plaster on the labial ridge. I pull the lip at right angles to the
ridge and drop. After the plaster is hard it is removed in the two sections.
Figure 1.
The lower impression is made almost entirely like Dr. Ostrem's method
(except when I use sectional impressions), first placing the compound in the
tray and forcing it well down on the ridge, asking the patient to raise his
tongue only. This is chilled and trimmed. The buccal flanges and lingual
flanges are trimmed just as you would the vulcanite tray. Next I place three
bite points on the back of the tray and have the patient close, chill and
remove. Now the paraffine formula is applied and with the mouth closed, I
have the patient to hold with pressure continuously or intermittently for five
or ten minutes. Then with the index finger I force the paraffine formula as
much as possible under the impression labially and bucally — pulling the lips
and cheeks toward the peripheral border. Then holding firmly with the
thumbs, I have the patient to put the tongue from cheek to cheek and raise it
as high as possible. If the paraffine formula is removed by the tongue from the
peripheral border, the tray is trimmed at this point, repainted, and foregoing
movements repeated.
The casts are now made from impressions and my technician is instructed
to set up a conventional lower bite plate and an upper bite plate built up from
cuspid to cuspid. The patient returns for getting jaw relations. If the patient
is wearing an old denture, the anterior teeth are measured to see if they
should be lengthened or shortened. Figure 2. I want to say here that if the
patient is a middle-aged person I do not follow the lip length, because the face
has sagged and a division of the teeth set to the lips would prematurely age the
person. The lower teeth must be kept well up above the lower lip in case, as
I say, with a middle-aged or older person. Then after the upper bite plate is
trimmed to the length of the teeth that I want, Figure 3, with nothing in the
mouth, I have the patient to say "M," holding the lips in the position assumed
at the end of the pronunciation, and I measure from a labio-nasal angle to
some point on the chin indicated by a pencil. Figure 0. Then the upper bite
plate is placed in the mouth and the anterior part of the lower bite plate is
softened and placed in the mouth, have the patient to close separating the
jaws the distance previously determined by the dental gauge. Then the lower
bite plate is removed from mouth and the excess wax is trimmed off, the ante-
rior occlusal surface is reduced two millimeters. In trimming this lower bite
plate I want to say that each step I take now makes the succeeding step easier.
Trim the lower bite plate in the molar region so that when the patient closes
with nothing on the upper arch the contact would be general which deter-
mines the division of the denture spaces. Now the offset bar is attached to it
in the second premolar and first molar regions, and is parallel with the pa-
tient's eyes. Figure .). Now a soft piece of Ashes metal is placed across the off-
set bar and a central bearing screw is placed in position on the bar {Figure 4),
and a mass of soft wax is placed in the palate of the upper bite plate and the
lower plate is replaced in patient's mouth and he is asked to close his mouth
until the front part of the plates are in contact. Then the patient is asked to
move the jaw from side to side. On the soft metal a gothic arch is formed.
The labial parts of bite plates are then scraped off evenly, median line is
marked and the foregoing movements repeated. If necessary the movements
are repeated several times until the median line marked on plates remains
unbroken when patient's mouth is at rest. Then I have the patient close with
force to indent the central bearing screw in the point of the angle. These bite
plates are then fastened in position with a split staple, the nut removed from
staple and plates removed from mouth separately. Figures 5 and 6. Now,
as I have said, each step makes the succeeding step easier. I want you to take
34
Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
THE OFF-SET BAR IN PLACE ON THE
LOWER BITE READY TO RECEIVE THE THE BITE PLATES ARE LOCF
CENTRAL BEARING SCREW (ABOVE). GETHER WITH A SPLIT STAPLE.
THE BITE PLATES ARE DISASSEMBLED
FOR REMOVAL FROM THE MOUTH.
Containing the Proceedings 35
notice of the easy manner in which the lower cast can be placed on the
articulator so that it assumes the same position that it does in the mouth by
paralleling off-set bar to the condile heads. Then the bite plates are reas-
sembled and again fastened together by replacing the threaded nut on the
split staple and the upper cast is fastened in correct position. Now the upper
six anterior teeth are set up and the six lower anterior teeth and the first
bicuspids also. This setup is placed in the mouth and if the nose leans from the
median line the tooth prominent in the setup must stand in line with the
nose. Then, this is tried in and patient asked to move jaw from side to side.
This helps determine how much over-bite you can have on this individual
That is, if I am going to use the anatomical molds in posterior teeth I first
raise the screw a millimeter before making this test to see what over-bite I
might have. If I am using the non-anatomical posterior teeth, the screw is not
changed. Then the off-set bar is removed from the lower bite plate and the
bite plate is trimmed and shaped to receive the upper teeth. Now, if you are
using the Monson curve, it would be lowered lingually, or if you are using the
Anti-Monson curvature, the bite plate would be trimmed bucally. After the
upper teeth are set to the lower bite plate I want you to note how easy then it
is to place the lower biscuspid and molars by simply trimming away the buccal
surface of the bite plate.
After the dentures are finished and polished they are mounted on the
articulator with plaster (without using a "bite") in such a way that they can
be easily removed and replaced.
When the patient returns for the dentures place them in his mouth and have
him bite (in centric relation) into wax previously placed on the occlusal sur-
faces of the lower teeth, Figure 7.
Return the dentures (held in correct centric relationship by the wax) to
the articulator and attach them thereto by lowering the pin on the upper bow
into fusible metal that has been poured into the middle cup. The molten
metal can be quickly chilled by dipping the cup in cold water, care being taken
not to let the water come in contact with the metal.
After the spot grinding in centric relation is completed, place wax over the
molars and premolars of the upper denture and press it well around and be-
tween the teeth. Figure 8. Place the dentures in the patient's mouth and have
him close his mouth and move his lower jaw around until the upper and
lower teeth are in contact.
Remove the dentures from the mouth, chill the wax, place the lower denture
in the extreme lateral position on one side as registered in the wax, and fix it in
this position on the articular by means of fusible metal placed in the lateral
registration cup on that side. Figure 9.
The same procedure is repeated on the other side, the wax is removed and
spot-grinding is then done in right and left lateral positions.
When this has been completed, the glaze on the untouched occlusal sur-
faces of the molars and premolars is removed with a fine stone and the den-
tures are replaced in the patient's mouth, with abrasive paste between the
teeth.
The patient is then asked to grind the teeth together. The teeth are thus
milled in to fit the movements of the patient's jaws, a much more satisfactory
method than milling them in mechanically to fit the movements of the
articulator.
36
Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
THE MANNER IN WHICH THE DENTURES ARE MOUNTED FOR GRIND1NG-1N
THE TEETH.
WAX PLACED ON THE UPPER TEETH
PREPARATORY TO RECORDING THE EC-
CENTRIC RELATIONS.
THE REGISTRATION CUPS USED FOR
MAINTAINING THE VARIOUS POSITIONS
OF THE DENTURES DURING THE GRIND-
ING-IN PROCESS.
Containing the Proceedings 37
President Hale:
I am sure that all of you enjoyed Dr. Coble's presentation and I'll
ask you to please prepare whatever questions you have so that you may
ask him in his clinic Wednesday morning. He cannot only tell you but
show you. I certainly want to take this opportunity to thank you on
behalf of the entire membership.
The Chair wants so recognize Dr. Junius C. Smith.
Dr. Junius C. Smith (Wilmington) :
Research work is one of the biggest problems in our practice. Our
next speaker is going to talk to us this afternoon on "What Pulp-involved
Teeth can be Safely Retained, and by What Methods?'' I present to
you Dr. E. A. Jasper, Washington University Dental School, St. Louie.
Dr. E. A. Jasper:
Mr. Chairman, Members of the Society, Guests: I am very happy to
have the privilege of addressing you, and hope that you may derive some
benefit from what I have to say.
(Applause.)
"WHAT PULP-INVOLVED TEETH CAN BE SAFELY RETAINED
AND BY WHAT METHODS?"
For a number of years the treatment of pulp-involved teeth was considered
a questionable practice. Even today many dentists look upon root-canal
operations with doubt and misgiving. This attitude dates back to the advent
of the X-ray. at which time many comfortable and apparently healthy teeth
were found to be infected. When it was subsequently learned that the removal
of such teeth sometimes brought relief from systemic disorders, root-canal
therapy, such as it was, naturally fell into disrepute. The rank and file of the
profession would have nothing further to do with it. Teeth were extracted in
countless numbers; not merely abscessed teeth, but those with accidentally
exposed pulps; not merely inaccesibly posterior teeth, but anterior teeth which
might have been readily treated.
Gradually it dawned upon the more thoughtful men of the profession that
there might be some way to stop this indiscriminate removal of teeth. They
began to wonder if some means could not be devised to treat teeth successfully,
now that they had the X-ray. A few of them took it up again. Men such as
Appelton, Blaney, Buckley, Coolidge, and Grove, men with broad scientific
background, gradually developed efficient methods. Teeth so treated were
periodically radiographed. Those menacing shadows appeared less and less
frequently. Then in the research laboratories of our large universities careful
studies were made of the microscopic structure of such teeth — that is teeth
which had been treated and sacrificed for the purpose of study. When it was
eventually demonstrated that new cementum is deposited in the apical fora-
mina of properly treated pulpless teeth, nature thus sealing any interstices
remaining after canal therapy, it was at once apparent that such teeth could
not be a source of infection. The very same thing not infrequently occurs
in vital teeth of elderly individuals.
It is my purpose today to present a few common-sense procedures applica-
ble to the treatment of simple pulp involvements. Time will not permit of a
38 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
detailed study of the more complicated treatments for periapical infection, but
I will touch briefly on the principles involved and display several additional
slides showing the possibilities of such treatments.
Diagnosis
Now our first consideration obviously has to do with diagnosis, or case
selection. This need not consist of a complex examination, but there are
several pertinent factors which we should always note carefully. These are:
The patient's age and health, the accessibility of the tooth, and the condition
of the periapical tissues.
In considering the age factor, it should be borne in mind that the removal
of a dental pulp involves an injury which only nature can repair. Certain
metabolic changes will take place in the tissues of the tooth apex after pulp
extirpation, just as changes occur elsewhere in the body after the removal of a
part. Sin'ce we anticipate that these changes will be curative and not necrotic,
this work should be done only for patients whose recuperative power is still
good. The same applies to the health factor. If a patient's general health is
below normal, normal reparative processes cannot be expected.
In considering the accessibility factor, not only the location of the affected
tooth is considered, but also the curvature of its canals. In other words, the
tooth must be so accessible that we can fully clean and fill the large canals.
The more thoroughly various openings are mechanically sealed, the less is
required of the adjacent tissue in effecting repair.
The fourth factor, namely periapical involvement, is of particular impor-
tance. If the roentgenogram shows extensive periapical involvement, the
tooth is affected by an infection of long standing. Only persons with un-
questionably good health should be considered for treatment. A roentgeno-
graphic examination of other parts of the mouth should also be made, and
the diagnosis based on the complete findings. As a general rule, we extract
all multi-rooted teeth when infected, and confine our treatment to those teeth
which it would be very difficult to replace, esthetically or otherwise.
Instruments, Their Care and Sterilization
The next consideration relates to technique. To perform satisfactory pulp-
canal operations one need not have an elaborate array of instruments and
accessories, but those used should be of the best quality and should be kept
in excellent condition. The removal of a dental pulp, and the preparaion of the
pulp canal for filling, requires delicate instruments of finest steel.
Broaches, reamers, files, etc., cannot be boiled without injury. They should
be immersed in phenol or metaphen or Bard-Parker solution for at least ten
minutes; then in alcohol. This may be done at any time previous to operat-
ing, if the instruments are then placed in a sterile, air-tight container (Mynol
dish). Pulp-canal intruments showing slight defects after use should be dis-
carded, as they may be readily broken off in a tooth. Such an accident almost
invariably means failure, as the broken part is usually wedged at some inac-
cessible point.
A Luer syringe and several needles of various lengths may be placed in a
test tube, stoppered, and autoclaved. If an autoclave is not available, syringes
and needles can be wrapped in gauze napkins, securely pinned, and boiled.
When the package cools and dries out, it is placed in a dust-proof container
for future use.
Cotton points and pellets should be placed in a covered tray and auto-
claved, or immersed in molten metal as used. If the latter procedure is fol-
lowed, various pieces of cotton goods should be immersed for five or six sec-
onds, or until slightly scorched. This is ample for surface sterilization.
Containing the Proceedings 39
Anesthesia
Having determined that the tooth in question may be successfully treated,
anesthesia is obtained by either the infiltration or conduction method as the
case may indicate. The usual 2 per cent procaine-epinephrine solution has
given very satisfactory results for years. Its only objection has been an occa-
sional case of extreme nervousness, and rarer still, syncope. The recently
introduced monocaine-hydrochloride gives promise of obviating this disagree-
able side-effect completely, and I am happy to state that our experience thus
far has been entirely satisfactory.
Discomfort from the needle puncture can be minimized by the application
of a topical anesthetic. Butyn Topical (Abbott) is excellent for this purpose.
or you may have your druggist prepare the following solution for you: Ben-
zocaine 8 grams, Benzyl alcohol 40 cc, oil of cloves 20 cc.4
If sufficient time for pulp removal is not available at the first sitting, or if an
inflamed pulp is being dealt with, the superficial carious matter should be
removed and a sedative antiseptic sealed in the tooth. Cresatin (Sharp &
Dohme) is recommended here. It does not coagulate albumine. and penetrates
deeply.
Arsenic trioxide, used for many years as a devitalizing agent, should be
avoided. As it is impossible to remove the tissues from accessory canals, and
as it is unquestionably desirable to keep them healthy, protoplasmic poisons
should not be used.
Pttlp Removal
When the anesthetic has been administered, the affected tooth and those
approximating are cleansed, and the rubber dam fixed in position. Tincture
of metaphen or iodine is thoroughly applied to the involved area, and the
pulp chamber opened with a large round bur. Inverted-cone and cross-cut
fissure burs are avoided so as to retain the natural contour of the pulp
chamber, and facilitate entrance into the canals.
If anesthesia is not profound, it may be supplemented by "pressure anes-
thesia." This is accomplished by applying a procaine pellet directly on the
pulp, covering with a small piece of cotton then unvulcanized rubber, and
applying gentle pressure with an amalgam plugger. Special care should be
exercised in handling these items so that they are not contaminated, and the
pulp in turn infected.
If the canal is constricted at the apex, as it ordinarily is in a well-developed
tooth, a fine barbed broach can be inserted and gently carried to the root end.
The broach should now be slightly withdrawn so that it does not bind, turned
slowly several times in order to engage the pulp, and then withdrawn. Often
the pulp can be brought out in one piece. The depth to which we have oper-
ated is now recorded in millimeters.
If the canal is very fine, not permitting the entrance of a barbed broach,
it must be reamed. The pulp tissue is thereby brought out in shreds. Before
this is done, however, a diagnostic wire should be inserted presumably to
the root end, and another radiograph made. By this procedure injury to the
periapical tissue will be avoided.
Even in those instances when the pulp is apparently removed in one piece,
the canal must be enlarged so as to remove irregularities from the wall, and
prepare it for a filling. This is accomplished with files, the length of which is
repeatedly checked against the tooth length. The larger size instruments
should not be used until the canal has been thoroughly explored with the
smaller ones. This will prevent the formation of ledges, over which it is very
difficult to proceed.
40 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Hemorrhage Control and Sedative Dressing
When the pulp has been removed, bleeding from the periapical area must be
checked. This can ordinarily be done with absorbent points. In persistent
cases Thromboplastin (Squibb) is effective. Tannic acid in glycerin can be
used, but is not so desirable as it may stain the tooth. Phenol is sometimes
recommended, but escarotic drugs should be avoided.
A dressing of eugenol or cresatin should then be sealed in the tooth to allay
the pain that follows the passing of anesthesia. Incidentally mild antiseptic
action is desirable to overcome any infection which may have been inadver-
tently carried into the canal. The apical tissues are thereby given an oppor-
tunity to readjust themselves, and the possibility of trapping exudate or
infective material by an immediate filling is avoided.
Canal Filling
The patient should return from two to three days after pulp removal. A
longer period is permissible, but more than a week is undesirable. The
medicament loses its efficacy, and the accumulated exudates in the canal
become foul. The rubber dam is applied, and the field of operation thoroughly
cleansed, again using tincture of metaphen or iodine. The temporary filling
and dressing is then removed, and the canal bathed with alcohol and dried.
The canal having been previously enlarged and measured, it is ready for
filling.
We now come to a phase of this work that has always taxed the skill of the
best operators; that is, accurate filling. If a canal is overfilled, the periapical
tissues are impinged on. They may tolerate such impingement, if it is not
too great, but the filling is certainly not ideal. Nature's work of healing is
made much more difficult when foreign substances protrude beyond the apex.
On the other hand, if the filling is short, short in relation to the cleansed
canal, a void is left where dead cells and bacteria will collect. Trouble in-
variably results.
Again, a type of filling that is equally as hazardous is the porous, or non-
sealing, kind. Unless we insert a dense and well-adapted filling, we simply
add to various fomites that may be present about the body, and defeat our
purpose no matter how well the other phases of our technique are worked out.
Guttapercha has long been a favorite material, and is a good one well con-
densed or closely adapted to the canal wall. However, it is extremely difficult
to prevent over-filling during the condensing process, as guttapercha readily
changes shape under pressure.
The desire to simplify this all-important step prompted me to have cones
made which correspond to standard instruments, and also retain their shape.
They are of pure silver. When the preparation of a canal has been completed
with a number 6 file, for example, a cone of similar proportions can readily
be placed in position. An impermeable sealing compound is used in conjunc-
tion with these cones, and is readily forced into any irregularity by the piston
like fit of the cone in the main canal. Any one of several sealers on the
market can be used for this purpose. They are essentially zinc oxide and
eugenol, with the addition of resin and some radio-opague substance, such as
finely divided silver.
For those who might question the use of silver as a root filling material, I
wish to state that these cones were introduced in 1931 (reported in the litera-
ture in 1933 )5 and have since gained wide popularity. Their tissue tolerance
has been established by various practitioners, and the dental schools of Wash-
ington, Michigan, and Western Reserve universities. The institutions men-
tioned have been large users for the past three years. Of course, the use of
silver in surgery is not new, and silver in various forms has been advocated
Containing the Proceedings 41
for pulp-canal therapy on numerous occasions. The merit of these cones lies
in the fact that they have been machined to fit apertures made by various
instruments.
Infected Teeth
In the procedure outlined above, I have attempted to present a method of
handling simple pulp involvements, such as might occur in cavity prepara-
tion or directly after any accident. The study of infected teeth, on the other
hand, presents a rather complicated picture. Here, we are faced with unfavor-
able conditions, not found in cases of simple pulp extirpation. The tissue in ac-
cessory canals is almost invariably infected, and the resistance of the perio-
dontal membrane is lowered. Sometimes the adjacent bone is affected, and the
root-end denuded.
In the simpler cases, that is when a single-rooted tooth is involved, when
the patient's health is unquestionably good and when the problem is not
complicated by similar infections in other parts of the mouth, an effort
should certainly be made to save the tooth. This belief is based on the fact
that we have seen hundreds of such cases in which the periapical area cleared,
and remained so indefinitely. It is contended that such teeth are always a
potential source of infection. We are not in agreement with this view. Hess 6
has shown that apical ramifications occur in a large percentage of cases, but,
in single-rooted teeth, it is not over 31 per cent. More than two-thirds of all
these teeth, therefore, of the possibility of successful treatment, as the fora-
men can be sealed. We cannot ascertain from a roentgenogram whether
branch canals are present, but we can determine from a culture whether
we have eliminated the infection. When we are unable to do so, we either
extract the tooth or resort to apicoectomy; our decision being governed
by the location of the tooth, the amount of supporting bone, etc.
A variety of methods have been advocated for the treatment of infected
teeth. We find that, while many have merit, the chlorine-bearing preparations
cause the least irritation and are usually as effective as the others. Our cus-
tomary procedure is as follows: At the first visit, the tooth is opened, debris
removed and access gained to the canals. Chlorazene (Abbott) 4 per cent in
distilled water, is then sealed in the cavity. This drug rapidly liberates chlo-
rine, detoxifying much of the infected canal tissue in one treatment. Its ac-
tion is brief, however, and the patient must be seen again within twenty-four
hours. At the second visit, the rubber dam is applied and the canals fully
cleansed, 1 per cent chlorazene being used freely in the process. Chloro-cam-
phene (McNeil) is now sealed in the tooth and allowed to remain from two
to three days. This compound also gives off chlorine, but more slowly, and
may therefore be left in the tooth for a longer period. Incidentally, it is
soothing to the inflamed periapical tissues and promotes healing. Two or
three treatments of this kind will frequently overcome the infection. Elimi-
nation of infection can usually be determined by the absence of foreign odor
and discoloration from the dressing. A culture should then be made and, if
it is negative, the canals can be bathed with alcohol, dried and filled.
REFERENCES
1 Coolidge, Edgar D., "The Status of Pulpless Teeth as Interpreted by Tissue Tolerance and
Repair Following Root Canal Filling," Jour. A.D.A. (Dec), 1933, V." 20: p. 2216.
2 Gottlieb, B., Orban, B., and Stein, G., "The Root Treatment n Case of a Vital Pulp,"
Australian Dent. Cong, (eighth) Trans., 1933, p. 99.
3 Kronfeld, Rudolf, "Histopathology of the Teeth and Their Surrounding Structures," Lea
and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1933, p. 188.
4 Hill, Thomas J., "Non-Proprietary Drugs," Journ. Mich. State Dent. Soc. (June), 1937,
V. 19: p. 132.
5 Jasper, E. A., "Root-Canal Therapy in Modern Dentistry," Dental Cosmos (Sept.) 1933,
V. 75: p. 823.
8 Hess, Walter, and Zurcher, Ernst: "Anatomy of Root Canals of Teeth of Permanent Den-
tition. Anatomy of Root Canals of Teeth of Deciduous Dentition and of First Permanent
Molars." William Wood and Company, New York, 1925.
42 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
President Hale:
Has anyone any question he would like to ask Dr. Jasper?
Member:
What do you think of ionization? Is it an effective treatment?
Dr. Jasper:
I think ionization is a very effective treatment in overcoming infec-
tion within the tooth and sometimes it is effective in overcoming infec-
tion adjacent to the root end. However, it has been my experience that
in using ionization and electric sterilization one must sometimes follow
it up by root resection. In other words, it is not quite the answer to our
question. It has a place in the treatment of infected cases in that it steps
up or hastens the treatment of simpler cases. It will not, in my opinion,
take care of all of them. Root resections are sometimes inevitable.
President Hale:
Are there any more questions ?
Member:
Would you mind giving that formula?
Dr. Jasper:
I would state that Butyn Topical prepared by the Abbott Company, is
the most effective of all Topical anesthetics. It is approved by the
American Dental Association Council of Therapeautics. I like it best
of any of them. The formula I gave was Benzocaine 8 grams, Benzyl alco-
hol 40 cc, oil of cloves 20 cc. The reason I make a point of giving you a
formula for a combination of this kind is that perhaps some will not pur-
chase Butyn Topical, it being quite expensive. It costs about $3.80 for
two ounces while Benzocaine, alcohol and oil of cloves can be prepared by
your druggist for 25c to 50c an ounce.
Dr. J. H. Wheeler:
One question, please. After periapical infection, when you get bone
regeneration, are you satisfied ?
Dr. Jasper:
Yes, I am. I am satisfied for this reason. When we get bone regenera-
tion, we have evidence that nature has come to our aid. Nature has
worked with us. Sometimes Nature does not affect bone regeneration, and
we are again up against extraction or retrosection. The reason I feel quite
certain of such teeth in which bone regeneration has taken place is we
have first obliterated the case of infection. We have cleaned the root canal
and sealed it. That was the initial cause of the periapical involvement.
If in addition to what we have done Nature lays down new bone, we
Containing the Proceedings 43
need not have any fear that that tooth is going to be further cause of
infection. However, for the skeptical person, let him have it sufficiently
checked periodically for radiograph, for keeping his teeth cleaned or
dental service rendered.
Member:
I'd like to ask the Doctor what he uses for dressings?
Dr. Jasper:
For the root canal? I stated in the paper that we have found Chlora-
zene, an Abbott preparation as effective as any, and they do not cause as
much periapical irritation as some of the other infections. Answering
your question, after a tooth has been opened and drained, and we are
about to begin treatment, we first absorb all the moisture with absorbent
cotton, and then seal in a treatment of 4 per cent Chlorazene (Abbott).
This is already prepared. Chlorazene is prepared by Abbott and Com-
pany. One tablet makes 1 per cent solution if dissolved in one ounce of
distilled water. Inasmuch as this drug rapidly deliberates chlorine, the
patient must be seen shortly again. If the dressing is left in the tooth
longer than 24 hours, the chlorine is dissipated. The infection again gets
the upper hand. Follow up with 1 per cent chlorazene and chloro-cam-
phene. This is a combination of mono-chlorazene and camphor. It lib-
erates chlorine, much more chlorine than Chlorazene, and may therefore
be left in the tooth for a longer period of time — 2 or 3 days. However,
I never risk leaving it in longer periods because of the fact we always
have difficulty of exudates in periapical areas and this compound is
soothing to the inflamed periapical tissues and promotes healing. Change
every two or three days. One need not change to any other drug. If the
chlorine bearing drug will do it those I mentioned will suffice.
President Hale:
Dr. Jasper, we appreciate the fact that you have come a long distance,
made sacrifices and that you have contributed measurably to our pro-
gram, and we thank you greatly. (Applause.)
It is my peculiar pleasure to introduce to you Dr. George W. Duncan,
of Richmond, Va. George, stand up. "When Dr. Fleming was asking about
helping to get up a design for the cover of the program of the North Caro-
lina Dental Society, I couldn't think of anybody but Dr. Duncan. He
and I were class-mates, and he is an artist of no mean ability. He de-
signed the emblem for us, and I thank him very much for it.
President Hale:
The Chair recognizes Dr. H. K. Thompson.
Dr. Horace K. Thompson (Wilmington) :
Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : When I was asked to introduce
the speaker this afternoon, I replied that I didn't know the gentleman
44 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
personally, but from his work, as many of you do. I have since met
him and I like him. You will like him, too, when he brings us the
message on "The Selection, Care and Manipulation of Silicate Cements."
If you are in my position, you will welcome the opportunity to listen to
a man who knows from practical experience and research the aggregate
knowledge of silicate cements. Dr. Paffenbarger is Senior Research
associate of the American Dental Association at the National
Bureau of Standards, Clinic practice — Palama Settlement Dental Clinic,
Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, and Member Faculty, Dental School, Ohio
State University 1927-29. It gives me a great deal of pleasure to present
Dr. George C. Paffenbarger.
Dr. Paffenbarger:
THE SELECTION, CARE AND MANIPULATION OF SILICATE CEMENTS
Mr. Chairman, Dr. Thompson, Members and Guests of the Dental Society
of the State of North Carolina: If you gentlemen and ladies can hear me
without the microphone, I prefer to speak without it.
You perhaps know that the American Dental Association maintains a
Research Fellowship at the National Bureau of Standards for the study of
dentar restorative materials. Two of the main functions of the research fel-
lowship are to formulate standards or specifications for materials which
you use and also to investigate what effect the different technics have upon
the physical properties and chemical properties and therefore the servici-
bility of these materials which all of us use.
In the January issue of the Journal of the American Dental Association
is a very extensive article on the physical and chemical properties of silicate
cements. The title of that article is "Dental Silicate Cements — Physical and
Chemical Properties and the Specifications" by Paffenbarger, Schnoover and
Souder. Those pages contain an enormous amount of technical information
for the dentist and for the research worker.
What I propose to do here this afternoon is to glean from this extensive
work those items which will be of direct usefulness to you every time you
insert a silicate cement restoration.
Now the first question confronting us is, "What cement to use and why?"
We all know that these cements are none too good for the purpose intended
and so it behooves us to select a good cement and to use it in the most rational
manner that we can. Now what cement shall we select? And that is not
a difficult question to answer. On page 1861 of the November 1938 issue of
the Journal of the American Dental Association there are listed six silicate
cements which have passed the specifications of the American Dental
Association. I am going to read those:
Cement Manufactured by
Astralit Premier Dental Products Company
Baker Plastic Porcelain Baker & Company, Inc.
DeTraey's Synthetic Porcelain The L. D. Caulk Company
Durodent Enamel Oskar Schaefer
Smith's Certified Enamel Lee B. Smith & Son Manufacturing
Company
S. S. White Filling Porcelain, The S. S. White Dental Manufactur-
Improved ing Company
Containing the Proceedings 45
What does that list mean? It means the cements on that list were
guaranteed by their manufacturers to pass the specifications of the American
Dental Association. It means that the cements on that list were procured
in the open market from Dental Retail Supply Houses by the Research Com-
mission of the American Dental Association and were sent to the National
Bureau of Standards where the Research Fellows of the Association tested
them to see whether the cements had the properties which the manufacturer
guaranteed them to have. If the cements did comply with the specifications
they are entered on the list and if not, they are not on the list.
What does this mean? It means the cements on that list have relatively
low solubility. It means the cements have relatively high strength. It
means they have the proper setting time, that they have the proper opacity
and what is more, it means that the arsenic content of cement is no more
than two parts in a million. That is about as low in arsenic content as
can be commercially produced. It means that purity, in so far as arsenic is
concerned, is the same purity which the American Chemical Society specified
for the highest grade chemicals which are to be used in analytical work.
Since that specification was put into effect, some of the cement manu-
facturers have had to buy higher grade phosphoric acid and a higher quality
of chemicals in order to meet the arsenic requirement.
Now that we have disposed of the selection of a cement, we shall consider
the proper care of the cement powder and cement liquid. Have you ever
purchased a cement which, when you first purchased it, set in a normal
manner, yet on later use was found to not set properly, to set too slowly?
If you did, the reason for that behavior of the cement is probably that the
stopper was left out of the liquid bottle and that the air was dry, that is,
the humidity was low, and, the water escaped from that cement liquid, and
evaporated into the air and you had a more concentrated liquid, less water
in the liquid, more acid in the liquid and as a result you had a slow setting
cement. Now you can have the reverse of that if the air is very moist.
If the liquid in the bottle is exposed for long periods of time, the liquid will
absorb water from the air. Then the liquid will contain too much water and
the cement will set very rapidly; so it is necessary to keep the stopper in
the liquid bottle all the time except while actually withdrawing the liquid
for use. If that procedure is adhered to, very little trouble will be en-
countered in the use of these cements as far as the age of the cement is con-
cerned. Now sometimes you will use these powders and liquid which, when
first mixed, would have the correct shade but as you have the cement on
hand for a number of months, you will gradually notice that when the
cement is mixed it would have a gray appearance. That may be due to
the fact that dirt such as coal soots or carbon of some kind has gotten into
the powder and slightly discolored it. It only takes a very minute amount
of such a thing as coal soot to discolor the powder enough to detect by
ordinary visual means. Keep the stopper in the powder bottle, too. It is
very bad practice to take the excess powder which you have left on the
slab and deposit it again in the bottle unless you make certain it contains
no foreign material.
Where shall silicate cement be used? Gentlemen, if a salesman walked
into your office and said, "I have here a bottle of cement. This is an
unusual material. This cement can be used to replace three-quarters of the
coronal portion of the tooth and that restoration of it will last thirty years.
It will last longer than enamel itself. It will replace amalgam. It will do
anything amalgam will do. It is a wonderful material." Gentlemen, when
46 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
a man makes that statement, you can bet one of two things — either he is
stupid, or he thinks you are.
There is no ceramic material whether glass in the window, tile on the
floor, plaster on the ceiling which has metallic properties. All ceramic
materials are brittle in extreme and whenever any one invents a ceramic
material that will do those things, its application in dentistry will only be
a drop in the bucket. He will have indeed a unique material. Now why
can't we use cement to replace metals in the mouth? Let us consider
strength alone and let us select the weakest metallic material which we use
in the mouth. Select the strength of amalgam and compare it with the best
cement. I have here a bar chart. This longest line on the bottom chart
represents the compressive strength of amalgam. You will notice that the
next bar is approximately half that, indicating that silicate cement has ap-
proximately one-half the strength of amalgam, while zinc phosphate cement
which you use to cement inlays and appliances in place has about one
quarter of the strength of amalgam. But strength isn't the whole story.
We have this question of brittleness. Even with this low strength silicate
cement, if it was tough, it could be used to partially replace amalgam. But
to issue a statement that cement will replace amalgam is simply a fantasy
of the advertising department. You can only use silicate cement with
any certain degree of success in sheltered and protected cavities and the
reason for that is; the inferior physical properties of the material.
Let us now consider mixing technic — a very, very important item in so far
as the satisfactoriness of a silicate cement restoration is concerned. The
single most important element in mixing technic is to get as much powder
into a given amount of liquid as one can. If we mix these cements to the
proper consistency, have the temperature of the slab and the time of mixing
controlled, we can produce the best mixes possible.
How thick should silicate cements be made? As thick as possible and
yet have it adhere and be adaptable to the cavity. I have some specimens
here of zinc oxide and "vasaline" which give an indication of the desirable
thickness one should achieve in mixing these cements. Now why do we
want to mix these cements thick? Because a thick mix is less soluble than a
thin mix. It is stronger. It has less shrinkage. It will stain less. It is
harder. In fact, every property which you want, the thick mix will have
and every property you don't want, the thin mix will have. It is well to
know your powder-liquid ratio before you begin the mix. That is, it is
well to know how much powder you want to put in a given amount of liquid
before you start to mix. The customary way of mixing, of course, is to have
some cement powder in excess at one end of the slab and unmeasured liquid
at the other end of the slab. Gradually mix until you think you have the
right consistency. It takes longer to mix that way. You always have
excess powder left that you want to dump back into the bottle which is an
unsatisfactory procedure. We had to make duplicate mixes in our investiga-
tions, so we weighed it out on small scales, such as a gold balance which
many of you have around the office, and measured the liquid with a hypo-
dermic syringe. Using this method you know how much powder you are
going to put in a given amount of liquid ahead of time and you can teach
your assistant to do this so that you will always know you are going to
have the right mix. A simple experiment which you could do would be
this — assume this is a mixing slab. Weigh out, say two grams of powder
and place it on this end of the slab. Measure out, say four-tenths cc of
liquid on this end of the slab and then mix until you arrive at what you
consider the proper consistency. Weigh the balance of the powder you
Containing the Proceedings 47
have left, deduct this from the 'initial amount, and you will have a figure
for the amount of powder which you use in a certain amount of liquid.
Then your assistant can always duplicate your mix.
How cool should the slab be? Well, the union of the powder with the
liquid is a chemical union and temperature affects chemical union. If the
slab is hot, reaction proceeds rapidly. If it is cool, reaction is retarded.
We want to retard the reaction because we can get more powder into a given
amount of liquid and that is what we are striving for. If we make a mix
on a slab which is 90 degrees Fahrenheit and take measurements of how
much powder to mix with four-tenths cc of liquid and repeat the experiment
using the slab at 70 degrees Fahrenheit, yon will find you can get one-
fifth more powder in the same amount of liquid — one-fifth more at 70 than
at 90. That is one of the answers why sometimes you will have some
fillings that will last a lot longer than others because that filling which
was made on a 70 degree slab is going to have one-fifth more powder in it.
It is less soluble and will make that restoration long lived.
Now at what temperature should the slab be? In reason it should be 60
to 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Sometimes we can't do that. If the air is humid
and the temperature high the slab cannot be cooled to 70 degrees because
water precipitates on the slab the same as it does on a pitcher of ice water
on a hot humid day. So, I firmly believe that a better mixture of silicate
cement can be made in the winter time when the temperature of your slab
is 60 or 70 degrees Fahrenheit and when the atmosphere is dry and
water will not precipitate, than when it is a hot, humid day, when you can
not get as much powder into the liquid. The result is a comparatively un-
satisfactory mixture. I have heard dentists say and have seen written
sometimes that there is no need of cooling a slab but I hope if any of you
gentlemen harbor a doubt about that matter you would try some clinical
experiments and keep records and satisfy yourself about it. Humidity will
not greatly affect cement mixes other than in the matters which I have just
stated, if the cement liquid isn't deposited on the slab any longer than
is necessary. The cement liquid, which is phosphoric acid and water with
some aluminum and zinc phosphate dissolved in them, has an affinity for
water and when it is exposed to air it is either going to give off water or
take on water depending on the humidity of the air. If we use some meas-
uring device such as a small Luer syringe, we can withdraw the liquid from
the bottle, wipe off the syringe and lay the syringe on the bracket table.
It has such a small opening in the end of the barrel there is not going to
be any significant change in that liquid if you allow it to lie on the table.
Picture the dental scene. You have cement powder on the slab. You have
completed the toilet of the cavity. Now, eject the liquid on the slab and
make the mix immediately. If you do, you are going to have better results.
You won't have fast setting cement if the air is humid or slow setting
cement if the air is real dry. Another thing, don't use the whole slab in
mixing. It isn't necessary. Use a quarter of the six by three inch slab
surface because the more you spread cement out the more it is exposed to
the air.
If we take a test tube and pour into that a large quantity of silicate
cement liquid, and then just take a very small quantity of powder and put
in the liquid, you will see that the cement powder is not readily soluble in
the liquid. If you take a silicate cement restoration and cut it in two
and look at it under a microscope, you will see the picture represented by
this schematic drawing, the black portion represents the powder portion.
The white spaces in between the black are the cementing substance which
48 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
forms when the liquid attacks the surface of the powder particle. Now in a
thin mix you are going to have more of the cementing material in proportion
to the unused powder than you will in thick mix. It is this cementing
material which is the weak part. This is the part that dissolves, is soluble.
Of course a thick mix having less of this in it is going to be less soluble,
stronger and will not shrink as much. We have made some direct com-
parisons. Take a thick mix and determine the solubility and you will find
it to be one-third less soluble than a thin mix. That is another reason some
of these restorations have lasted a longer time than others. A thin mix
is also 20 per cent weaker and it will shrink twice the amount of the thick
mix.
Now we come to one other important point in the technic — how long should
silicate cement be mixed? No longer than is necessary. If you can mix it
in thirty seconds, do so. Don't mix it for a long period of time. It is the
most pernicious practice in which one can indulge. Why? When the liquid
attacks cement powder it forms a jelly like material, very similar, you
might say, to gelatin. If you continue to mix while this is being formed, you
will break it up and it will not unite. It is just like a dish of gelatin when
it is broken, closing it together again will not heal a rupture. The same
type of thing happens in silicate cement. The matrix or cementing
material is essentially a colloid, so make the mixture as rapidly as possible.
Make it in thirty seconds if you can. Make it on a cool slab that will retard
reaction. If you take a short time in mixing and use a lot of powder, you
will have a fine mix. These — a thick mix, a short mixing time and a cool
slab — are the three cardinal points in rational silicate cement technic.
Now we come back again to the schematic drawing of a cross section of
silicate cement. I didn't explain the large round areas there when I
discussed the diagram before. Those areas are air bubbles. Air is entrapped
in a cement mix because it is in the powder, that is, in between the powder
particles. Now air is compressible. The liquid is almost incompressible.
I have here a syringe partly filled with colored water and above the colored
water an air space. When I exert pressure on the plunger, it condenses
the air space into half. When the pressure is released, the air space returns
to normal size. Gentlemen, that is the same thing that occurs when you use
a celluloid strip matrix. The cement has air bubbles in it. Force applied
on the matrix condenses the air bubbles to half size. If you don't hold the
strip tight while the cement is setting, the bubbles are going to come
back to normal size and when they do that, they rupture the jelly like
material while it is setting. If it is permanently cracked, it will never
heal. The thing to do is to keep the celluloid strip on the cement until it
is set. The best way to determine the set is to place a small portion of the
cement mix on the thumb nail or in the palm of the hand and test it from
time to time.
What is the purpose of the wax coating or varnish coating, whichever you
may use? Well, cements, before they are hardened, are injured if saliva
or water comes in contact with them. I have here a picture of a disk of
cement. The disk was formed by being pressed or mixed between two flat
glass plates. This half of the disk had a cellophane strip on both sides.
This half had none and just before the cement became really hard, the
whole disk was submerged in water. After the cement set properly the
cellophane on this side of the disk was stripped off under the water.
You can notice the appearance of both sides of the disk. This side, pre-
maturely exposed, is chalky and opaque in appearance. You will note
from the lines which have been ruled across the disk that the hardness of
Containing the Proceedings 49
this side is much greater than the hardness on the other side. One of the
purposes of the varnish coating is to keep water and saliva from coming in
contact with the cement until it is properly hardened. The cement con-
tinues to harden for a longer period of time, but the hardening is largely
over after twenty-four hours. Another purpose of the varnish is to keep
water within the cement from evaporating from the fillings. If that is
allowed to evaporate, you will have shrinkage and checking of the filling.
That is why silicate cement restorations are not satisfactory in mouth
breathers.
I have only five minutes left, so I am going to skip some of this
material.
How soon should a silicate cement be finished? No sooner than 24 hours.
What is the reason for this assertion? We can make a series of specimens,
take little cylinders and determine the strength of those cylinders with time
and we will find that in 15 minutes the cylinder will have about 10,000
pounds per square inch compressive strength, about a third as much as it
will ever have. Some cylinders we have tested for fourteen months and
found in some instances the strength still increasing slowly even at
the end of that time but most of the reaction which occurred between the
powder and the liquid we found to be over at the end of 24 hours. So it
is well to defer polishing cement restoration until that reaction has occurred.
We are often asked — do any silicate cements expand? Yes, they will ex-
pand if you allow water or any liquid containing water to come on them
before they are properly set. Any silicate cement made today will shrink
if water is not allowed to come on to it before the proper time. We have
here demonstrated what the effect is when water is allowed to come upon a
silicate restoration before it is set. You can get expansion but you get it
at a terrific cost.
Now we will discuss opacity for a few minutes. One of the chief
excuses, we might say, for using silicate cements is that they appear well
and the chief reasons they appear well are two — one color and the other
opacity. We know the human tooth tissues have certain opacities and when
we went to formulate a standard for silicate cement, we had to find the
normal opacity of the tooth before prescribing the opacity for a silicate
cement. (Demonstration) I have here a chart or a card board in which
windows have been cut. Over the windows we pasted glasses of certain
opacities and then a black strip was pasted on the back. If I'd hold this
up, you'd notice you can see some places where the black strip is very
prominent. The most prominency would represent zero opacity because the
light is coming right through. Over at your right is the opacity of dentine.
It is 70 per cent opaque. That is, if a certain amount of light is thrown
onto the glass window, only 30 per cent would come through, 70 per cent
is absorbed by the window. The next represents the opacity of enamel,
which is 40 per cent. We have set certain standards for opacity based upon
studies that we made upon opacity of certain tooth tissues.
Now the program of the Research Commission is designed so that we can
take this data we have accumulated at the Bureau of Standards and make
it applicable to you men. That is why we publish these lists of materials
which are guaranteed to meet the specifications of the American Dental As-
sociation. You should select a good material and use it as the manufacturer
directs, because those are the instructions we use when we made the tests.
The cement has to meet specifications when his directions are used. The
manufacturer makes the directions so he will get the best possible
50 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
properties out of the cement. Therefore, if we use good cement and use it
properly, we have done all that we can do.
To say that I have enjoyed speaking before you would be to treat a fact
very lightly.
President Hale:
Any questions?
Dr. Victor E. Bell:
You said to delay polishing 2-t hours. A little sandpaper disk or
slip in ten or fifteen minutes — how about that ?
Dr. Paffenbarger:
Do I understand you correctly — you don't intend to finish the
filling ?
Dr. Bell:
No, just remove the bulk, as long as you don't let the saliva touch the
filling. Just remove the surplus.
Dr. Paffenbarger:
Dr. Bell has asked a question — is there any advantage in having low
excess, that is, having a little more cement in the restoration than is
actually necessary to form the natural contour of the tooth. We can
never obtain a highly polished surface by using abrasives to silicate
cements for this reason — go back to the old diagram again — these powder
particles are very hard, but the material that binds the particles to-
gether is comparatively soft, so when abrasive is charged across the
surface of the cement restoration it flicks out these hard particles and
you have an irregular surface. You can not polish a silicate cement
like you can a metal and you can never obtain a gloss that the matrix
gives. The answer is the best practice is to use a small amount of
excess. If you don't have to polish certain places at all, you will have
the highest type of finish you can get in restoration.
Dr. Wathins:
Can you allow saliva on the filling after fifteen minutes?
Dr. Paffenbarger:
Yes, if you use a varnish.
Dr. WatJcins:
In cases where you have to take it off, you just have to.
Dr. Paffenbarger:
The same principle applies, you shouldn't allow saliva to touch the
filling; for 24 hours.
Containing the Proceedings 51
President Hale:
In presenting your questions, please give your names.
Dr. Stanley:
Do air conditions offer increased efficiency of the mixture?
D r. Paffe nba rge r :
Yes, if you control the humidity and temperature, you are controlling-
two things which do affect the mixture. In our mixes we wanted to
control every single thing because we had to get data which were con-
cordant.
Dr. Shaefer:
Would you advise silicate cement where you could not use the
celluloid strip ? .
Dr. Paffe n b a rger :
I don't know how to answer that question, Doctor. Do you mean
anterior teeth ? The technic there is usually to take a modeling com-
pound impression of class five cavities, first fill the cavity with wax
and get the original contour you want. Then with modeling com-
pound take the impression, with the celluloid strip in place over the
wax. Several manufacturers' directions and various textbooks have
technics for those peculiarly difficult places of access.
Dr. Reese:
When removing that celluloid strip, do you immediately apply a coat
of varnish or cocoa butter?
Dr. Paffenbarger:
Some recommend cocoa butter but I don't understand why. Cocoa
butter and varnish have more or less the same function. It would
seem to me I would prefer, personally, not using cocoa butter, first
because of the grease layer the varnish wouldn't adhere as well. If we take
cocoa butter and rub over half the finger nail and put varnish on it the
varnish adheres best where there is no cocoa butter.
Another question — in the group of silicate cements you mention,
have you observed any great variation in strength and durability?
Dr. Paffenbarger:
No, Sir, we have not. When we set the specification limit, we set it
at about the limit the manufacturers were then producing. Of course
the specifications were given to the manufacturers to measure the
various properties of cement. We found in our early studies that often
there was great variation among the different batches. If one just
tested one batch of each cement he might have gotten an entirely
different result than he would if different batches were tested. The
52 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Research Commission of the American Dental Association has seen to it
that the manufacturer has more uniform production. They are doing
it this way. When a manufacturer is certifying to the Commission that
his product will comply with the standard, he has to send the Commis-
sion at that time data on his own product, that he has had it tested
according to the requirements and has had a trained personnel to do the
testing, otherwise the Commission has no idea of the uniformity of his
output. Then the Commission reserves the right to at any time pick
up materials on the market, without notifying the manufacturer,
picking them at randum for testing, therefore I think you will find the
uniformity of production much greater than heretofore. I have in mind
one instance when we first started this study. We had solubility of
almost 3 per cent on a cement and we had solubility on another
cement of only six-tenths of one per cent. That is a lot of difference,
five times as much. So we thought it was unusual and repeated the
test three times but always got the same result. In preparing the
specification we put down all this data and sent it to the manufacturer
— no trade names — just simply sent data to the manufacturer and told
him it was his cement and asked him what he had to say. They made
repeat tests and were only getting one per cent instead of three. Well,
as we argued the question and compared notes, we found that he was
testing different batches than we were and our figures would agree
substantially when the same batches were used. So, when we say one
cement is better than another we have to be able to have a program
whereby we know whether the cement is uniform or not. These tests are
available. The manufacturer knows the solubility, the opacity and
other various requirements and you will find cements coming pretty close
to each other in all qualities. The manufacturers have standard
methods and trained personnel doing research.
Dr. W. C. Logan:
Is there a varnish on the market that Avon't absorb the mixture?
Dr. Paffenbarger:
We have had no experimental work to determine what are and what
are not the most satisfactory varnishes.
Member:
Would there be any advantage to putting vaseline or cocoa butter?
Dr. Paffenbarger:
You could put it outside the varnish if you like.
Dr. John R. Pharr:
Would there be any advantage to keeping materials in the ice box
something similar to keeping powder and liquid cool instead of taking
them from room temperature to a cool slab?
Containing the Proceedings 53
Dr. Paffenbarger:
In that case, I don't think there is any advantage, Doctor. You have
a large piece of glass, say 3 inches hy 6 inches and 1 inch thick and
when you place two or three drops of liquid on the slab, it would all
be the same temperature before you could say "scat." You couldn't
hold two or three drops of liquid at a low temperature if you had
a warm slab to begin Avith.
Dr. Thompson :
Everything else being equal, will a filling dissolve more in one
mouth than another?
Dr. Paffenbarger:
Yes, I think it will. We had a group of practitioners — there were
almost two hundred throughout the country — who cooperated with the
Research Commission in a practical study of these cements. In other
words, they took the laboratory data and were applying it clinically.
To this group we sent a questionnaire. We asked this specific question
— "How long in your practice, do average silicate restorations last?"
They said about four years was the average. Some said ten or fifteen
and twenty years in certain mouths in certain locations. The men said
as a general rule that silicate restorations, in class V cavities where any
bleeding or weeping of tissues were present, were very short lived in
every instance. If the gum tissue OArerlapped onto fillings there was a
condition of gingivitis. That was the data we received from these men
who answered the questions. So, I think there is a difference, just as
some people are subject to decay, some people are very susceptible to
caries, also there are people for whom silicate cement is very short
lived, and vice versa.
President Hale:
Any further questions?
Dr. Paffenbarger, we can not adequately thank you for coming
to us here but we do want you to know that we are grateful to you for
being with us and we look forward to hearing you tomorrow with much
pleasure.
Meeting recessed at 4 :55 p.m.
HOUSE OF DELEGATES
MONDAY AFTERNOON, MAY 1, 1939
The first meeting of the House of Delegates convened at 5 :00 o'clock,
Monday, May 1, 1939, the President, Dr. G. Fred Hale, presiding.
54 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
EOLL CALL
Members Present: Executive Committee:
G. Fred Hale, President D. L. Pridgen
Frank O. Alford, President-elect O. L. Presnell
C. M. Parks, Vice President Ethics Committee:
Paul Fitzgerald, Secretary-Treasurer W. L. McRae
First District: Third District:
Charles McCall W. R. McKaughan
E. W. Connell E. M. Medlin
S- P- Gay Fourth District:
Dennis S. Cook ^ „T „
T F Rue C. W. Sanders
' ' Se J. W. Whitehead
Second District: E. B. Howie
0. H. Hodgin Fiftn District.
C. A. Barkley __ _ ._.
D „ „ H. E. Nixon
R. E. SpOOn T TVT T U
T t-, 0. , J. N. Johnson
J. P. Bingham
Fred Hunt
A. T. Jennette
President Hale:
I declare a quorum present and the House of Delegates is open and
ready for any business to be transacted.
Dr. A. T. Jennette (Washington) :
Mr. President, it has occurred to me that we have been putting lots of
burden on our delegates to the American Dental Association. I think it
would be good for the Society to pay the expenses of the delegates to the
American Association at least the payment of railroad fare and possibly
the hotel bills. I say this because a delegate to the American Association
a great many times goes to the meeting, attends all the meetings of the
House of the Association and leaves there without having the privilege
of attending any of the clinics that are given at the meeting. It seems you
require of these men their time, certainly their money, and I think that
we ought to at least reimburse them for these expenses. There is an Asso-
ciation of State officials conference which the State Secretary and Treas-
urer should attend but you couldn't expect him to attend these meetings
at his own expense. I think we should incorporate in the payment of ex-
penses the expenses of the State Secretary and Treasurer when he attends
the meetings of the State Conferences of Officials of State organizations. I
believe Dr. Alford attended one. He said he really got something out of
it, and if he did he gave it to the Society. He paid his own expenses and
the delegates pay their own expenses. There are a great many men who
are delegates who are able to attend these meetings and there are a great
many men who are certainly capable of representing the Society but they
are not able. I believe the State Society is able and does in the course of
a year have enough surplus in the budget to pay these expenses. I would
Containing the Proceedings 55
therefore make a motion that Ave do pay the expenses of our delegates —
those expenses to include railroad fare and hotel bills — to the American
meeting. Also the State Secretary and Treasurer's expenses — railroad and
hotel bills — to the Conference of State Officials, which is held once a year,
I believe. I make that in the form of a motion.
President Hale:
You have heard the motion. Is there a second?
Dr. B.F.Hunt:
I understand that a number of our best men have been giving their
time to this work, and it is true that if they do go and represent us they
do not have sufficient time to really take in the clinics and the other
things on the program. I would like to second Dr. Jennette's motion that
we go down the line and pay these expenses so long as — if he will accept
this amendment — as the State Society or officers of the State Society
feel that we are able to do so. I understand that at this time we are in
good financial condition, and I see no reason why we should not stay that
way. I think some provision should be made and we want to change it and
say part of the expenses — if he will accept that amendment, I would like
to second the motion.
Secretary Fitzgerald :
Gentlemen, Members of the House of Delegates: Some time ago Dr.
Jennette told me that this matter would come up before the House of
Delegates, and knowing Dr. Daniel F. Lynch, Secretary of the Bureau
of Standards, had made a survey during the past year on this particular
subject, I thought it would throw some enlightenment if we heard the
result of this survey. This is the letter he wrote me :
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DENTAL SOCIETY
Component of the American Dental Association
Washington, D. C.
Executive Offices — Room 257, Mayflower Hotel
April 27, 1939.
Dr. Paul Fitzgerald, Secretary,
North Carolina Dental Society,
Greenville, N. C.
Dear Dr. Fitzgerald:
My survey regarding how the different State Societies handle the expenses
of their delegates will be published in the Journal of the American Dental
Association in the near future.
56 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Inasmuch as your Society will take this matter up next week, I can tell
you at this time that our survey shows the following to be true:
1. Number of states which pay all the expenses of the Delegates 3
2. Number of states which pay part of the expenses of the Delegates 15
3. Number of states which do not pay any part of the expenses of the
Delegates 32
The above information is the condensed findings of my survey, and I might
say that the three states that pay all of the Delegates' expenses are small
states and have small representation. They are Delaware, New Hampshire,
and Arkansas.
Most all State Secretaries feel that some plan ought to be worked out in
which the Delegates could be compensated for their work, but none seemed
to have the satisfactory answer. I am now working on this particular problem,
and will shortly offer a working plan that I feel certain will be beneficial.
A Delegate who goes to the national meeting should be made to attend all the
sessions, and if he works he should be compensated. On the other hand, if a
delegate goes and does not attend the sessions, he should not be compen-
sated in any way whatsoever. Until some suitable plan of control can be
worked out, I think it would be well to hold in abeyance any remuneration
to the Delegates. One of the purposes of my survey has been to try to clarify
the situation and to help the Delegates, the Societies, and the American
Dental Association.
It is unfair to expect Delegates to attend conventions at their own ex-
pense, and it is equally unfair to waste Societies' money for furnishing cer-
tain men political joy-rides. I am convinced that both injustices can be
controlled and that a more business-like arrangement can be achieved.
It is possible that I may be in Raleigh, on Monday with Dr. Mead and Dr.
Paffenbarger, and if I am, I will bring all of my data with me, and I shall
be glad to consult with you on it. I cannot be sure of this until Sunday, as
we are extremely busy and I will not leave town unless I can be free of office
responsibility.
Sincerely yours,
Daniel Lynch,
Secretary-Treasurer.
Dr. Fitzgerald:
In this connection I will say that Dr. Lynch proposes if a Delegate
attended all the meetings — the American Dental Association in its Pro-
ceedings publishes it and whether or not the Delegates do attend all the
meetings of the House of Delegates — and I have thought possibly, after
talking the matter over, if we could pay a certain part of the Delegates'
expenses to the meetings, possibly it might lighten the burden on the
Delegates some. At times we meet as far away as San Francisco. It is
quite a burden to take time out of offices to go to California for a meet-
ing and pay the expenses to California and return and not see any of the
meetings or hear any of the lectures of the convention. Would you think
it a plausible way to work it out — for the President of the Society to
appoint a committee to work it out, and that the Society accept the find-
ings of this committee? Thank you.
President Hale:
Any further discussion on this subject ?
Containing the Proceedings 57
Dr. Johnson:
Was this a resolution that he made or a suggestion or motion that the
President appoint a committee ?
Dr. Jennette-:
In answer to Dr. Fitzgerald's information from Dr. Lynch, I wish to
say that I have, and I believe every man in the Society has a great deal
of faith in every member of the Society, and we do not expect any Dele-
gate to cheat on us, if you want to make it that way. I believe any man
in the Society appointed as a Delegate would attend to his business and
attend every meeting that he is supposed to and represent the State of
North Carolina as it should be represented. If I didn't feel that way I
wouldn't want the Society to put up the money for the expenses. I will
accept Dr. Hunt's change in the motion and I wouldn't have made the
motion if I hadn't felt like the Society could afford to do it. Certainly,
if the Society can't pay those expenses, we wouldn't expect them to go
broke to do it. I will accept the change in the motion.
Presiden t Hale :
How about the suggestion offered here by Dr. Fitzgerald to appoint a
committee? Would that be satisfactory to you? And report back to the
House again?
Dr. Johnson:
I will put that in the form of a motion ?
Dr. Jennette:
I will withdraw my motion.
Vote taken and carried that a committee be appointed to study the
situation and report back.
President Hale :
I shall appoint Drs. J. jST. Johnson, Eugene Howie, A. T. Jennette,
Billy Bell, and C. S. Sanders on that committee, and ask them to report
back at the meeting of the House of Delegates tomorrow afternoon.
Any committee reports ?
Dr. Frank 0. Alford:
Mr. President: I have the report of the Red Cross Disaster Relief
Committee.
REPORT OF RED CROSS DISASTER RELIEF COMMITTEE
In December of last year, President Hale appointed me to organize a Dis-
aster Relief Committee to cooperate with the Disaster Relief Committee of
the American Dental Association, which is working with the American Red
Cross. The members to work with me on this committee were left to my
58 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
choice, and I appointed the five District Societies' Secretaries to help with
this work.
Through their efforts, the committee has appointed a member of the North
Carolina Dental Society to work with each of the 120 Local Red Cross chapters
in the state. There are in the First District: 29 chapters; Second District: 14
chapters; Third District: 20 chapters; Fourth District: 15 chapters; and
Fifth District: 42 chapters.
Disasters are caused by floods, hurricanes, tornados, earthquakes, fires,
explosions, etc. Epidemics, sometimes, present disaster aspects.
In time of disaster, dental services are required for:
1. Emergency dental care in large refugee centers.
2. Replacement or repair of plates and other artificial dental structures that
have been lost or damaged in disaster.
3. Surgical treatment of fractured jaws and other injuries of the mouth.
4. Survey of dental conditions of refugees.
Dr. C. Willard Camalier is Chairman of the Disaster Relief Committee of
the American Dental Association. A list of the members appointed to local
disaster preparedness committees has been furnished him. Any further infor-
mation on this work can be obtained through his office.
Respectfully submitted
Frank 0. Alford, Chairman,
William M. Matheson,
Carl A. Barkley,
A. W. Craver,
J. W. Whitehead,
H. E. Nixon.
THE AMERICAN RED CROSS
National Headquarters
Washington, D. C.
May 31, 1938.
Dr. C. Willard Camalier,
President, American Dental Association,
1726 Eye Street. N. W.,
Washington, D. C.
My dear Dr. Camalier:
Our discussions of dental service in time of disaster have shown the splen-
did opportunity for cooperation between the American Red Cross and the
dental profession. The written understanding on this subject approved by
your organization has the approval of the American Red Cross.
In this understanding the American Red Cross is recognized as the respon-
sible agency for relief of families in time of disaster. Its service is organized
locally through its Chapter committees on Disaster Preparedness and Relief.
Participation of the dental profession is best secured through representation
on these Chapter committees.
In time of disaster dental services are required for:
1. Emergency dental care in large refugee centers.
2. Replacement or repair of plates and other artificial dental structures that
have been lost or damaged in disaster.
Containing the Proceedings 59
3. Surgical treatment of fractured jaws and other injuries of the mouth.
4. Survey of dental conditions of refugees.
We very much appreciate the splendid cooperation of the dental profession
and the sympathetic discussions of this whole matter carried on by you and
the officers of the American Dental Association. Our chapters are being ad-
vised of this understanding and of the letter you are writing to state and
regional dental societies suggesting that the services of the profession be
offered to our local chapters.
Very sincerely yours,
James L. Fieser,
Vice Chairman.
DISASTER EELIEF COMMITTEE REPORT
American Dental Association
The primary purpose of this report is to develop a plan whereby the
American Dental Association and its component states and district societies
can cooperate with and coordinate their efforts with that of the American
Red Cross in preparing for and handling disasters. There is so much suffering
in these catastrophes and so much to do that it behooves the organized dental
profession as well as other agencies to indicate their desire to help in the
relief work. With that in mind your Disaster Committee presents the following
report and recommends its adoption.
Disaster Problems
Disasters are caused by floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, fires,
explosions, and other cataclysms. Epidemics, sometimes, present disaster
aspects.
The immediate needs in nearly every disaster, aside from rescue work, are
food, shelter, clothing, medical, dental, nursing and hospital care, and safe-
guarding the health of the people in the disaster area. These are emergency
problems. Rebuilding the homes and other rehabilitation problems are mat-
ters for later consideration; but the necessities with which to sustain life and
health must be provided immediately and be continued until the critical
period has passed. For practical purposes, therefore, disaster relief work is
generally divided into an emergency and a rehabilitation period.
The emergency period may last only a few days, or continue for several
weeks. Refugee quarters as a general rule are necessary in large disasters.
They must be hurriedly set up in buildings or tents. Food must be provided
through community kitchens or canteen service. Medical and dental care
must be provided for those who are ill or injured and measures instituted for
the protection of the health of the entire population of the affected area.
The latter are not always limited to the emergency period, but may have to be
continued indefinitely until all patients have fully recovered and the area
is entirely rehabilitated.
Division of Responsibility
The American Red Cross, through its National and Branch Offices, and
through its local chapters, is organized to meet the emergency relief needs
in all disasters. It is also prepared to assume the responsibility of rehabilitat-
ing individuals and families who because of lack of resources find it impos-
60 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
sible or difficult to rehabilitate themselves. That includes medical and dental
service as well as economic rehabilitation.
Red Cross assistance is based on need as determined by a careful case
investigation. It does not assist those who even though their loss is great are
amply able to provide for their own needs. Neither can it assume responsi-
bility for taking care of all the existing ills in the community that have no
relation to the disaster. The latter should be cared for through the regular
service channels and not through the Red Cross.
The supervision of the public health of a disaster area is the primary
responsibiltiy of the state and local health departments. The Red Cross is,
however, willing to assist them if such assistance is needed because of lack
of funds or personnel to adequately cope with the situation.
Similarly the care of the sick and injured and providing dental services
are the primary responsibilities of the medical and dental profession. In
most of the disasters the local physicians and dentists are entirely able to
handle the situation without the assistance of outside personnel. If, however,
they are not able to do so, in major disasters, the Red Cross is ready to help
them by providing additional personnel and supplies, by assisting or expand-
ing hospitals and by organizing such facilities as are lacking and needed for
the emergency. Major injuries that require special surgical treatment and
skill not available in the affected community are referred to specially
qualified medical or dental surgeons of larger neighboring cities.
Dental Services in Disasters
Dental services in disasters are required for the following:
(1) Emergency dental care in large refugee centers:
It is sometimes necessary to set up a dental chair, together with other
equipment and facilities for extracting abscessed or badly decayed teeth, to
give local treatments for the relief of pain and other emergency dental treat-
ments. If there are only a few that need such treatments they are usually re-
ferred by appointment to local dentists' offices, provided these offices are
intact after the disasters. If there are a large number of such cases this work
may be done to good advantage by setting up special equipment at camp.
The service can then be provided either on a volunteer basis by local den-
tists working on an hourly schedule or by one or more dentists employed
by the Red Cross on a part- or full-time basis. Second-hand chairs and equip-
ment can usually be borrowed or purchased locally, or obtained quickly from
a neighboring supply depot.
(2) Replacement or repair of plates and other artificial dental structures
that have been lost or damaged in the disaster: This service is usually re-
quired only for a comparatively few persons and can be provided to best ad-
vantage in the offices of the local dentists. Even if their offices are involved
in the disasters and temporarily closed it is better policy, we believe, to delay
this work until their offices are reopened rather than to provide temporary
equipment at the refugee centers. Replacing plates and lost dental structures
are usually not emergency needs.
(3) Surgical treatment of fractured jaws and other injuries of the mouth:
This type of work can best be done in hospitals or in the dentist's office.
Needless to say that this cannot be done successfully through emergency
facilities at refugee centers.
(4) A survey of dental conditions of refugees: Large concentration centers
offer an excellent opportunity for a survey of dental conditions and needs of
refugees. To our knowledge such a study has never been made. It would no
doubt reveal many interesting facts as to the extent of dental caries among
refugees and may uncover certain conditions that are a menace to the camp
Containing the Proceedings 61
population — Vincent's Infection (Trench Mouth) for example. The defects
should be recorded on record cards and each person informed as to his
dental needs.
Methods of Cooperation
(1) Membership in the local disaster preparedness committee: The Ameri-
can Red Cross urges all of its chapters throughout the country to organize in
advance so they will be prepared when a disaster strikes. Special committees
are appointed for each activity such' as providing emergency shelter, food,
clothing, and medical care. One or more dentists should be added to the medi-
cal care committee to prepare and plan for dental needs in a disaster. These
duties include:
(a) Outlining the dental activities in disasters as previously indicated.
(b) Listing the type of equipment and supplies needed.
(c) Making inquiry as to the sources through which the equipment and sup-
plies can be obtained quickly and recording this information for future
reference. They should list all local and district dental supply depots and
other possible sources.
Based on many years of experience in disastei relief work the Red Cross
has adopted a policy not to carry disaster equipment and supplies in stock, but
rather to purchase them locally as needed. The cost of storage and transporta-
tion, the delay in shipping them to the scene of the disaster, the possibility of
these supplies becoming obsolete and other reasons are responsible for this
policy. They can usually be obtained locally more quickly that way and, in
the long run, at less cost.
(d) Discussing the proposed plans with the local dental profession and or-
ganizing the personnel for the type of dental service they are best quali-
fied to perform in disasters.
(2) Work out the proposed program for dental service, after a disaster
strikes, with the Red Cross. As soon as possible after a disaster occurs the
dental committee or dental representative on the medical committee should
confer with the director of Red Cross disaster relief to plan and arrange for
the dental program. It is important that this work is closely coordinated with
Red Cross activities. The type of dental service necessary will depend entirely
on the nature and extent of the disaster and whether concentration centers
are set up to house refugees.
When the program has been agreed upon, the dentists should assist the
Red Cross in organizing the work. They can help in obtaining equipment, sup-
plies and quarters in which to set up the dental unit; arranging for dental
service of refugee centers; selecting dentists or dental surgeons best qualified
for the type of work needed and in supervising and directing the dental
program.
If a large number of refugees are housed in concentration centers it is
suggested that local dentists organize to make a survey of mouth conditions
of refugees. The Red Cross is willing to cooperate in making such a survey.
This should not be done haphazardly but the work could be carefully planned
and organized so that the results will give a true picture of dental conditions
and needs. There must be uniformity in procedure by all dentists participat-
ing in the examinations. The dental record card must be simple and com-
plete, and all defects carefully recorded. Such a survey would be very en-
lightening and should stimulate dental corrective work and interest in oral
hygiene.
(3) For disaster patients unable to pay, dentists should be prepared to give
their services voluntarily but with materials paid for from the Red Cross
relief fund.
62 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
National and State Society Efforts
The American Dental Association, through its component state societies,
will in so far as practicable contact local dental societies in areas where dis-
asters occur, to inquire if the dentists are included on the local disaster pre-
paredness committee. If they are not so included they will be encour-
aged to immediately contact the Red Cross relief headquarters and to
offer their assistance in organizing a dental program as previously outlined.
If no formal program is indicated, local societies will be requested to assist
the Red Cross in suggesting names of dentists and dental surgeons who may
be called on for dental work for disaster patients.
President Hale:
You have heard the report, of the Red Cross Disaster Relief Committee.
Dr. Johnson:
I move that the report be accepted.
Motion seconded. Vote taken and carried.
President Hale:
Dr. J. N. Johnson is recognized.
Dr. J. N. Johnson:
This is the report of the Dental member of the North Carolina State
Board of Health.
REPORT OF DENTAL MEMBER OF NORTH CAROLINA
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH
There has been no change in the administrative policy of the Division of
Oral Hygiene since the 1938 report.
The records of the Director, Dr. E. A. Branch, of the Division of Oral Hy-
giene show that last year, sixty-three counties and four cities wanted Mouth
Health Programs but that we were able to get to only sixty-one counties and
four cities. This year sixty-nine counties and four cities wanted Mouth Health
Programs but we were able to work for only sixty-three counties and four
cities. The Director, Dr. E. A. Branch, has greatly increased his educational
propaganda in the completion of the Bibliography of Health Materials which
has been worked out in conjunction with the Department of Education of
the University of North Carolina, and is being made available, without cost,
to the teachers. We have had thirty dentists working this year.
J. N. Johnson.
President Hale:
Thank you, Dr. Johnson. What is the wish of the Society ?
Motion made and seconded to accept the report.
Vote taken and carried.
President Hale:
Any other committee reports?
Containing the Proceedings 63
Dr. Wilbert Jackson:
I'd like to file the report of the Board of Dental Examiners. If you
prefer, I'll be pleased to file it and not read it. It will be published in the
Proceedings.
Motion made and seconded, vote taken and carried that report be filed.
To His Excellency,
Clyde R. Hoet,
Governor of North Carolina,
Raleigh, N. C.
Sir:
In accordance with the provisions of the Dental Law, I beg leave to hand
you herewith a report of the proceedings of the North Carolina State Board
of Dental Examiners for the calendar year 1938.
A special meeting was held at the Robert E. Lee Hotel, Winston-Salem,
Sunday, May 1, 1938. The application of Dr. Luther C. Rollins for renewal
license to resume the practice of dentistry in this state received a favorable
report. It was ordered that said renewal license be issued to him.
A special meeting of the North Carolina State Board of Dental Examiners
was held at the Robert E. Lee Hotel, Winston-Salem, Monday, May 2, at
6 p.m.
Dr. Frank Schuster of New York City, who had made application for license
to resume practice in North Carolina, was ordered to present himself at the
annual meeting beginning June 27 for practical examination before license
could be issued to him to resume the practice of dentistry.
On June 27, 28, 29, and 30, the annual meeting was held in Raleigh for the
purpose of examining applicants for licenses to practice dentistry in this
state. Thirty-seven applicants were allowed to take the examinations which
were held in the Capitol Building; the practical work being given at the
Carolina Hotel.
At this meeting Dr. W. F. Bell of Asheville was elected President to suc-
ceed Dr. John L. Ashby of Mount Airy. Dr. Wilbert Jackson was re-
elected Secretary-Treasurer.
At the annual meeting of the North Carolina Dental Society held at Win-
ston-Salem, Tuesday, May 3, 1938, Dr. Paul E. Jones of Farmville was elected
to succeed Dr. Clyde E. Minges of Rocky Mount, and Dr. C. A. Graham of
Ramseur was elected to succeed Dr. H. C. Carr of Durham as members of
the State Board of Dental Examiners.
A special meeting was held. at the Carolina Hotel Monday afternoon, June 27,
at 5:30, for the purpose of affording Dr. E. H. Chamberlain of North Kan-
napolis an opportunity to appear before the Board. Dr. Chamberlain had
requested this meeting for the purpose of making a statement to the Board
in support of his application for license to resume the practice of dentistry
in North Carolina. His license had been denied by the Board on account of
his criminal record in the State of Texas; he having served three to five years
in the State Penitentiary of Texas for larceny, and from two to three years in
the Federal prison at Fort Leavenworth for violation of the Narcotic Law.
These charges were supported by certified copies of the judgments of the
courts that sentenced him to prison; also, because of his criminal record in
North Carolina before retiring from the state. Evidence of which is filed in
the office of the Secretary of the State Board of Dental Examiners.
64 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
A special meeting of the North Carolina State Board of Dental Examiners
was held in Greensboro, July 10, at the King Cotton Hotel for the purpose of
tabulating grades of applicants for dental licenses. The tabulation revealed
that the following having made an average of 80 or more had passed a suc-
cessful examination and were thereupon issued licenses:
Allen, S. V Wilmington, N. C.
Baker, E. DeWees Plainfield, N. J.
Baker, S. C - Greenwood, S. C.
Baughan, H. A Richmond, Va.
Bayton, E. L., Jr ► Portsmouth, Va.
Brandon, P. M St. Paul, Minn.
Butler, J. P - Portsmouth, Va.
Coleman, G. J - Daytona Beach, Fla.
Coleman, H. E., Jr Wise, N. C.
Daniel, R. A., Jr Pleasant Hill, N. C.
Evans, S. B Abbeville, S. C.
Fowler, Watson Cincinnati, Ohio
Freedland, J. B Wilmington, N. C.
Goe, R. T Baltimore, Md.
Hedman, L. C Wilmington, N. C.
Hendrix, G. L Lexington, S. C.
Holshouser, L. C - Rockwell, N. C.
Hutchins, W. B - Kingsport, Tenn.
Jones, C. N Morehead City, N. C.
Kirkland, G. F., Jr Durham, N. C.
McGuire, Noracella E .* Sylva, N. C.
McMillin, C. V Landrum, S. C.
Paschal, L. H Glendon, N. C.
Ramsey, A. M - Marshall, N. C.
Raymer, J. L - Davidson, N. C.
Russell, L. T., Jr Canton, N. C.
Smith, C. I Fayetteville, N. C.
Steinman, R. R Asheville, N. C.
Truluck, M. H Asheville, N. C.
Woody, J. L Green Mountain, N. C.
The following failed:
Anderson, J. G., Jr - - West Asheville. N. C.
Caldwell, C. S Concord. N. C.
Ford J. H Bradford, Tenn.
Moore, G. R .Chicago, 111.
Rose, H. H - Highland Falls, N. Y.
Schuster, Frank Brooklyn. N. Y.
Snipes, W. E., Jr Franklin, Va.
Truett, F. A., Jr Lancaster. S. C.
The Board voted unanimously not to grant reciprocity nor issue a permit
to practice dentistry to Dr. A. Georgion of Baltimore, Maryland.
At a special meeting of the State Board of Dental Examiners of North Caro-
lina held October 24, 1938, for the purpose of passing upon the application of
Dr. Ralph C. Flowers of Hickory, N. C, to resume the practice of dentistry in
this state. Dr. Flowers made application for license to resume the practice of
dentistry on September 9, 1938, after having been paroled from the state
penitentiary, where he was serving a term of seven to ten years for con-
spiracy and robbery with firearms.
Containing the Proceedings 65
At the request of Dr. Flowers, the Board voted to give him an opportunity
to appear in person, either with or without counsel, before the Board in Ra-
leigh on November 7. to offer any evidence in support of his application for
license to resume practice. On October 31 Dr. Ralph C. Flowers, at the sug-
gestion of the Parole Commissioner, Mr. Edward C. Gill, withdrew his applica-
tion for license.
On February 2, 193S, Eugene Lovelace was indicted for practicing dentistry
without license. He was brought into court in High Point. The prosecuting
witness refused to testify. A nol pros, with leave, was taken.
Hugh Thomas of Durham and Winston-Salem was charged with practic-
ing dentistry without license. Hearing of the charges, he came before the
Board, voluntarily surrendered his equipment and agreed not to practice
dentistry in any way in North Carolina in the future.
Wrenn Burleson was indicted in the Cumberland County Court, December 5,
1938. He was tried in Cumberland County December 20, 1938, was convicted
for practicing dentistry without license, found guilty as charged, fined $50 and
cost. Convicted of practicing dentistry without license, second offense, taxed
with the cost, sentenced to not less than 20 months nor more than 24 months in
the county jail, to be assigned to work the roads, noted appeal to Superior
Court; but later withdrew his appeal, and went to the roads under the judg-
ment announced at the time of the trial.
Attached hereto is the financial statement as of January 1, 1938, to De-
cember 31, 1938.
Respectfully yours,
Wilbert Jackson, Secretary-Treasurer,
North Carolina State Board of Dental
Examiners.
REPORT ON AUDIT
OF
Cash Receipts and Disbursements
From January 1, 1938, to December 31, 1938
BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. W. F. Bell President
Dr. Wilbert Jackson Secretary-Treasurer
Dr. J. L. Ashby Dr. C. A. Graham
Dr. P. E. Jones Dr. C. C. Poindexter
Dr. Wilbert Jacksox, Secretary-Treasurer,
North Carolina State Board of Dental Examiners,
Clinton, North Carolina.
Dear Sir:
We have made an audit of the Cash Receipts and Disbursements of the.
NORTH CAROLINA STATE BOARD OF DENTAL EXAMINERS
From January 1, 1938, to December 31, 1938
and submit herewith a report.
66 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
We traced all recorded cash receipts to their deposit in the bank, and ex-
amined the checks covering disbursements which we found to be properly
signed and cancelled.
Respectfully submitted,
R. C. Carter & Co.,
Raleigh, N. C.
January 11, 1939. Certified Public Accountants.
CASH RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS
January 1, 1938, to December 31, 1938
Exhibit "A"
Balance January 1, 1938:
First Citizens Bank & Trust Co., Clinton, N. C $1,382.62
Commercial National Bank, Raleigh, N. C. (Closed) 128.16 $1,510.78
Receipts :
1939 Licenses, 854 @ $2.00 $1,708.00
Examinations, 37 @ $20.00 740.00
Licenses to Resume Practice 3 @ $10.00 30.00
Penalty for failure to renew license 1 @ $20.00 20.00
Lists of Registrations 2 @ $5.00... 10.00
Refund of Expenses 3.00 2,511.00
Total Receipts and Balance $4,021.78
Disbursements :
Board members Per Diem & Expenses (Schedule 1) $2,274.10
Board Meeting and Examination Expenses:
Carolina Hotel . $163.57
King Cotton Hotel 15.95
Dr. Wilbert Jackson — Board's Expenses,
Winston-Salem 10.27
Examination Supplies 86.70
Advertising 30.40
Storage & Moving Equipment 28.40
James Hinton 10.00
Buttons 9.31
Commissions 5.00
Dan Terry 5.00 364.60
Salaries:
Secretary-Treasurer $150.00
Assistant Secretary-Treasurer 50.00 200.00
Office Supplies, Expenses & Equipment 189.40
Long Distance Telephone, Telegraph & Incidentals 91.58
Postage 88.00
Attorney's Fees 82.50
Typing, Proofreading and Certifying Flowers Case 55.26
National Association of Dental Examiners.. 45.00
Stationery, Printing and Court Clerk's Fees 44.05
Auditing 25.00
Examination Fee Refunded 10.00
Registration of Licenses 6.30
Containing the Proceedings 67
Insurance ...$ 6.30
1937 Bad Check 2.00
Total Disbursements $3,484.09
First Citizens Bank & Trust Co., Clinton, N. C, $409.53
Commercial National Bank, Raleigh, N. C, Closed 128.16
Balance on Hand December 31, 193S .$ 537.69
BOARD MEMBERS PER DIEM AND EXPENSES
January 1, 1938, to December 31, 193S
Schedule 1
Dr. D. E. Connell— 1933 $ 30.00
Mrs. S. B. Bivins for Dr. S. B. Bivins— 1933 30.00
Dr. J. A. McClung— 1933-1934 80.00
Dr. W. F. Bell— 1933 1934 $ 80.00
Dr. W. F. Bell— 1935-1936 180.00
Dr. W. F. Bell 121.70 381.70
Dr. R. F. Jarrett— 1933-1934 $ 80.00
Dr. R. F. Jarrett— 1935-1936 150.00 230.00
Dr. H. C. Carr— 1933-1934 $ 80.00
Dr. H. C. Carr— 1935-1936 180.00
Dr. H. C. Carr 90.00 350.00
Dr. E. B. Howie— 1933-1934 $ 80.00
Dr. E. B. Howie— 1935-1936 180.00 260.00
Dr. C. E. Minges— 1933-1934 $ 80.00
Dr. C. E. Minges— 1935-1936 180.00
Dr. C. E. Minges 102.20 362.20
Dr. C. C. Poindexter— 1935-1936 $180.00
Dr. C. C. Poindexter — Chamberlain Case 10.55
Dr. C. C. Poindexter 91.75 282.30
Dr. C. B. Holder — Chamberlain Case 2.50
Dr. J. L. Ashby 104.65
Dr. Wilbert Jackson — Chamberlain Case $ 28.55
Dr. Wilbert Jackson — Burleson Case 30.20
Dr. Wilbert Jackson 102.00 160.75
Tot.u $2,274.10
RECONCILIATION WITH FIRST CITIZENS BANK & TRUST CO.,
CLINTON, N. C, DECEMBER 31, 1938
Schedule 2
Balance Per Books $409.53
Plus :
Checks Oustanding:
No. 424 $ 10.00
No. 459 180.00 190.00
Balance Pee Bank December 31. 1938 $599.53
68 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
President Hale:
Any other committee reports ?
Dr.J.B.Pharr:
I have the report of the Insurance Committee.
REPORT OF THE INSURANCE COMMITTEE
We believe the attention of every dentist should be called to the fact that
he runs the risk of a malpractice damage suit when he attends each and every
patient, in other words he never knows what will eventually develop. Some
dentists might feel that they have never been involved in a malpractice case
and probably have never heard of a case involving any dentist in their com-
munity, but, of course, no one can tell who will be next.
We feel that every member should have an adequate amount of protection
because the court records show that in some cases in the past exceedingly
large amounts have been awarded as damages and because we have this
Group Plan of coverage any dentist can be fully protected at a very low cost.
As we all know that an ounce of protection is worth a pound of cure.
The dental profession must assume a definite responsibility towards mini-
mizing and discouraging malpractice claims and suits. If each individual
dentist will do his best to guard against avoidable errors and mistakes; use
reasonable caution, skill and diligence, keep himself abreast of dental
progress, avoid making derogatory comments about treatment rendered by
some other dentist and conducts his practice in an honest and conscientious
manner, it will help to preserve the reputation and high-standing of the
dental profession in any community.
Respectfully submitted,
Dr. A. S. Cromartie,
Dr. W. S. Musttan,
Dr. D. B. Mizeix,
Dr. D. E. McConneix,
Dr. J. R. Pharr, Chairman.
President Hale:
Gentlemen, you have heard the report of the Insurance Committee.
What is your pleasure ?
Motion made and seconded, vote taken and carried that the report be
accepted.
President Hale:
Any other reports ?
Any other business to come before the House of Delegates?
A motion for adjournment is in order.
Motion made and seconded that meeting adjourn.
Adjournment at 5 :45 p.m.
Containing the Proceedings
69
MONDAY EVENING SESSION
The Monday evening session of the North Carolina Dental Associa-
tion was called to order at 8 :00 o'clock by the President. Dr. G. Fred
Hale.
President Hale:
The Monday evening session of the North Carolina Dental Association
will come to order. The Chair recognizes Dr. Conrad Watkins.
Dr. Watkins:
When asked some time ago to introduce our speaker of the evening
I realized then that it would be my pleasure to present to you one of
our most active and outstanding dentists — one who has given his time
unstintingly in the development of our profession.
The growth of many of the societies and organizations of our profes-
sion has been stimulated in no small degree by the activities of our
speaker tonight.
Gentlemen, I am happy to have at this time the privilege of pre-
senting to you Dr. William Bailey Dunning, D.D.S., F.A.C.D., of New
York City.
Dr. Dunning:
Mr. President. Members of the North Carolina Dental Society, Dr.
Watkins in particular, and Ladies and Gentlemen: I am quite over-
powered by such an introduction and I can't help thinking that he has
got hold of the wrong man somewhere.
THE MANAGEMENT OF A DENTAL PRACTICE
Our topic for discussion this evening is as old as dental practice itself—
yet as new as the latest idea in the successful treatment of our patients. I
use the adjective "successful," because we are not here concerned with
experimental hypotheses, but only with such procedures as are known
through long expeience to be efficient and dependable.
An orderly approach to so broad a subject, to be considered within the
space of one hour, will be under three major headings— 1, the scientific;
2, the professional; and 3, the economic aspects of dental practice.
' 1 The basic educational requirements today for the dental student are
substantially the same as those for the straight medical curiculum, during
the Freshman and Sophomore years. His pre-dental requirements are nearly
the same. The young man today is drawn from the same social stratum. He
must be a man of broad academic attainments, distinctly inclined to the
scientific pathway of life. During his Junior and Senior years the special
technology of dentistry enters and occupies much of his working hours. The
curriculum is a crowded one, but at best insufficient to establish the young
practitioner in clinical knowledge and technical skill. To be sure, his
academic and professional college years have been many; still in most cases
the recent graduate, while grounded in theory, does not and cannot possess
70 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
the practical ability needed to handle the cases which come to him. His
first concern, therefore, is further training in digital skill and the numer-
ous technical details of daily practice.
It is distinctly unfortunate for a young man to become busy in practice
before he is a good operator. Let him consider his early idle time the needed
opportunity for further training. Careful painstaking work for a few ap-
preciative patients will do much to consolidate his skill and practical
ability. A local Study Club, an internship, if available, hospital dentistry,
clinics and part-time teaching will be found excellent ways for gaining
experience.
The physical set-up of his office is important. It should be in a good build-
ing, well located as to the convenience of his patients, well-lighted, meticu-
lously clean, attractive and restful in appearance. As he becomes established,
this office becomes an organic unit. His Secretary receives calls, makes ap-
pointments, keeps his books, writes his letters, runs the business of the office,
and last, but by no means least, makes up his income tax return! She must be
a courteous, attractive, tactful, competent person. The position should be
made worth-while as a permanency. Experience and long-range knowledge
of a given office and practice, on her part, are invaluable assets.
The Dental Assistant gives the practitioner another pair of hands and
eyes — and in a busy practice, her aid, always at hand, is of immense help.
This young woman should be trained in the technical knowledge necessary;
her ideals of asepsis, the care of instruments, the handling of patients —
often on intimate matters with women — should receive constant thought and
training. If there is a local branch of her professional organization nearby,
she will do well to join and do everything in her power to advance her
abilities.
The Hygienist is an important adjunct in a busy practice. Her work
should be well supervised and confined to definite limits — when the stand-
ard of mouth cleanliness in a given practice may be maintained at a higher
level, than without her help. But every dentist, in my belief, should be a
competent periodontist, and at regular intervals he should see a given pa-
tient and scale and polish the root surfaces himself. This is the only prac-
tical way to keep informed as to that patient's gingival condition.
The Technician fills an important place in the office personnel, especially
in large cities. A man with a large practice cannot attend to his own pros-
thetic work — unless he is a crank of iron constitution who can put it many
evening hours on top of a day's work. Further, laboratory work unfits him,
more or less, for work at the chair; his hands become rough and he loses his
delicacy of touch — which, be it said in passing, is one of his most needed
habits of skill.
Returning for a moment to the time of graduation, there are several ways
in which the young man may make a start. In a small town, he can better
afford to rent an office, furnish it himself and begin as his own master. In
a large city, probably some form of assocition with an older man of assured
position will offer advantages, notably in relief from rental and in the con-
venience of daily consultation.
2. Under this heading we have to consider the personality and ideals of
the dental practitioner. Why does one man succeed in building up his prac-
tice and another fail? There may be many answers, but chiefly the result
depends on the man's attitude towards his patients. If he makes it the
habit of a lifetime to consider first the patient's welfare in the long run,
while remuneration for services rendered is of secondary consideration,
there is every likelihood that such a man will soon be fully occupied, and
will in nowise lack for a living. If, however, "salesmanship" be the dominant
Containing the Proceedings 71
motive — if the business side of dentistry be uppermost — with brilliant
abilities he may succeed, but he will never fill the place of trust occupied by
the first man. "Salesmanship" is a word which has degraded our profession:
it has no place in the life of a truly professional man.
The intimate and confidential relationship between the dentist and his
patient must be realized at all times. Dress, manners, habits, cultural inter-
ests — many such factors go to make up the successful man. Remember
your patient may not know much about your work, but he or she will
probably size you up for what you are, with considerable accuracy. One should
be not only a cultivated gentleman, but a practical psychologist as well.
3. The business side of dental practice, while placed last, is naturally of
essential importance. The dentist must live, and in the process treat his
patients in a fair and equitable manner. Furthermore, the conduct of his
practice must be orderly, that fair dealing may prevail. A carefully studied
system of fees, approximately in keeping with those prevailing in a given
community, is essential. His bookkeeping must be simple, explicit and com-
plete. His system of making appointments, recalling patients for periodic
cleaning of the teeth and examination, should be carefully arranged. Herein
the competent secretary's daily labors are essential. In a word, the busi-
ness side of office practice must be caried forward in businesslike fashion.
That soon becomes established, leaving the practitioner free to devote his
thought to his prime concern, the welfare of his patient.
President Hale:
Dr. Dunning, you have certainly endeared yourself to us, Sir, for
your very fine presentation here. You have given us of your experience
which is over a period of long years. We thank you for coming and
being with us and we are happy to have you in the State of North
Carolina.
Dr. Dunning:
Thank you, Mr. President. (Applause.)
President Hale:
The Chair will now recognize Dr. Sinclair.
Dr. James A. Sinclair (Asheville) :
Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: I am up here just in form
only to introduce the next speaker, who perhaps is known not only to
the North Carolina Dentists but to every Dental Society in America
much better than you know me. Therefore, Mr. President, it is just a
matter of form in introducing Dr. Mead to this audience. He is known,
as you know, wherever dentistry is practiced and taught. He is an author,
a successful practitioner and one of the best fishermen that there is in
the United States. I take the greatest pleasure in introducing to you
Dr. Mead, who is experienced in surgery, in anesthesia and in fact all
departments of dentistry, including economics, Dr. Mead is tops. It is a
great pleasure to introduce to you gentlemen Dr. Mead. (Applause.)
72 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Dr. Sterling V. Mead, D.D.S., F.A.C.D. (Washington, D. C.) :
Mr. President, Dr. Sinclair, Ladies and Gentlemen: I am very glad
that Dr. Sinclair in his introduction mentioned fishing because I am
most proud of that and I do a lot of talking but I don't catch many
fish. The best fish are caught before I get there and just after I leave.
ANESTHESIA LOCAL AND GENERAL
Dentistry should be very proud of the role it has played in the discov-
ery and especially the improvement in methods of anesthesia. Of all of the
services rendered mankind there is nothing that can compare in importance
and appreciation with that of anesthesia. Practically all of our modern
methods of surgery are dependent and based upon the use of an anesthetic
agent, without which many operative procedures would be impossible.
Anesthesia not only is a great boone to the patient but is of great benefit
and service to the operator as well as it enables him to work with precision,
skill and with less nervous exhaustion.
Shock
In our operative procedures we do not hesitate to do multiple surgery,
removing all of the teeth at one time, removing several impactions, or doing
a considerable amount of work in the average case. There existed for a
number of years a very erroneous idea that it was well to remove one or two
teeth and wait for certain reactions, or for the production of anit-bodies
before removing the other teeth. After observing the effects of surgery over
the years and reviewing the cases of exacerbation, we are now doing more
multiple surgery than at any time. It is not a question of whether we take
one or all of the teeth, a small amount of surgery or a large amount, but it
is the question of definite diagnosis, preoperative preparation, careful opera-
tive procedure, and proper post-operative care of the case. The anesthetic
agent, of course, has a great deal to do with the amount of surgery done at
one time. As a rule, it is not very good practice to do too much surgery at one
time under local anesthetic agent. More surgery may be done at one time
under proper conditions with a general anesthetic agent.
It has been my observation that where careful and intelligent surgery
is practiced it is not the surgical procedure which causes post-operative
complications, exacerbation, etc., but it is the result of shock. Dental shock
is not a vague and indefinite condition that is seen only occasionally. If
you will but follow your cases post-operatively as a routine, you will see that
shock does play a great role. Just because a person presents to you for the
removal of a tooth or a number of teeth and is able to get through the opera-
tion with his life and live through the ordeal does not mean that he will not
have any post-operative consequences, and danger to his nervous system
and health in general.
The physician is the one especially who can verify this as he sees many
of these patients after operative procedure and is in a position to know
what is taking place. Many times an inexperienced operator will feel quite
satisfied with himself when he has been able to spend one or two hours over
an operation and concludes it successfully with the patient under local anes-
thesia without any other preparation whatsoever. I think it is as necessary
to plan your operative procedure, based upon careful diagnosis and pre-
operative preparation, as it is for other types of surgery, such as the removal
of tonsils, gall bladder, etc. The patient may be very pleased with an opera-
Containing the Proceedings 73
tive procedure but later be very much displeased when post-operative com-
plications do occur.
Dr. Deford, who was one of the early pioneers in the use of anesthesia,
stated in his book, "I had rather take my chances on anesthetizing a pa-
tient with valvular lesion of the heart, morbid kidney and an impaired lung,
mind tranquil, than to anesthetize a patient who takes the chair white
with fear, gasping with quick breath, circulation disturbed, with normal
heart, lungs and kidneys."
Selection of Anesthesia
A very important step toward success in any operative procedure is the
correct choice of an anesthetic agent. Those who are familiar with the differ-
ent types of anesthetic agents and who have had sufficient clinical experience
to interpret various types of patient and to understand the findings of a
physical examination, are in a position to render the patient much better
service from an anesthetic standpoint as well as from an operative stand-
point. The success or failure of an operation may absolutely depend upon
the anesthetic agent.
This choice depends, especially upon good judgment and cooperation
between the dentist and physician.
I believe it is evident that not all operations in the mouth and even the
removal of the teeth are always methods for a dental chair. Many of these
cases should be hospitalized. Some of the anesthetic agents that are at
times indicated in particular cases are not suitable for operations in the
dental chair. There is no reason, with the present facilities for operative
procedure, that the cases calling for special treatment should not avail
themselves of these facilities.
In the selection of anesthesia, it is necessary to distinguish between the
various types of patients, such as those who will react normally, those who
are unusually susceptible to the anesthetic, the resistant type of patient,
etc. It is necessary to understand the influence of age, the circulatory sys-
tem, the blood pressure, the respiratory system, the nervous system, sex,
glandular system, etc.
In the selecting of the anesthetic agent, it is of course necessary to choose
between a local or general anesthetic. There are various local anesthetic
agents which I will discuss in a brief way.
The general anesthetic agent most useful for dentistry is nitrous oxide
and oxygen. Other agents that may be used are avertin, ether, ethylene, and
the barbiturates.
Evaluating Risk
There are a number of methods of evaluating risks for both local and
general anesthetic agents. The question in the questionnaire we have de-
veloped are very useful. The breath holding test is quite valuable. The use
of the stethoscope and sphymonanemeter are essential. There are other more
complicated tests that are useful but are not so practical from a dental
standpoint. The one point that I want to bring out most clearly is the fact
that it is not possible to do intelligent mouth surgery without some knowl-
edge of the patient's general physical condition. This can only be accom-
plished by the cooperation of the dentist and the physician. The dentist is
not in a position to make a thorough physical examination, and the co-
operation with the medical field is most essential.
While the methods that I have outlined used by the dentist in making
physical examinations will not be as thorough as may be desired, still it is
74 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
a habit which may be developed and by consistent practice, considerable
proficiency may be acquired.
This will not mean that he will encroach on the field of the physician,
but rather, that he will be in a position to more intelligently cooperate with
the physician.
Preoperative Preparation
In using a general anesthetic agent, it is necessary that the patient miss
the meal previous to the operation and it is usually best to premedicate the
patient. The usual method of choice for premedication is one of the bar-
biturates, such as nembutal. However, there are many cases where a bar-
biturate should not be used. A patient with a very low blood pressure or very
low resistance, or in the case of an athletic type of man or an alcoholic; any
person with an impaired heart of this kind should have morphine rather
than a barbiturate. Morphine gives more relaxation, but it stimulates the
circulatory system while nembutal decreases. The great disadvantage to
morphine is that it has a tendency to nauseate, and for this reason, it is
usually well to use barbiturates as a method of choice, excepting where
contra-indicated.
A very important factor in preoperative preparation is the choice of the
place of the operation, whether in the dental office or in the hospital. The
position of the patient is quite important. From my standpoint, it is far more
satisfactory to work on a patient with either a local or general anesthetic
in the prone position as he is more relaxed and easier handled. In the case
of a local anesthetic, the same amount of the anesthetic may be given upon
the operating table as in the dental chair with far less reaction. Most of
the reactions, such as syncope, pain in the back, heart disturbances, cir-
culatory disturbances, etc., can be prevented by having the patient in a prone
position. From my standpoint, this is even more important than ..giving a
heart stimulant.
It must also be remembered that the use of barbiturates is especially good
for local anesthesia as well as general as it is the factor of shock in which
we are most interested. The barbiturates also act very well in counteracting
depressive effects of local anesthetic agents.
Psychology is of great importance in handling the patient.
General Anesthesia
While most dental cases can be successfully operated upon for any period
of time under nitrous oxide and oxygen, it is occasionally advantageous to
use a synergistic type of anesthesia. For instance, in some cases where
you need relaxation of the tissues and the operative procedure is a very diffi-
cult one covering a length of time, it is of great advantage to use avertin
as a basal anesthesia, using from 60-80 milligrams per kilobody weight,
with the intention of supplementing this with nitrous oxide and oxygen.
In other words, using the avertin as the anesthetic agent alone would necessi-
tate using larger doses, which is not necessary and also dangerous. In some
eases it is the method of choice as the entire anesthetic agent, which is
rather unusual in our practice.
In other cases we prefer to use ether during the induction period and
then switch to nitrous oxide and oxygen, and in some cases to carry along
a small amount of ether. We have found vinyl ether advantageous in some
cases, especially during the induction period for its quick action. There are
some cases where ethylene is used, but its disadvantages are rapidly dis-
placing it as a dental anesthetic agent. The intravenous injection of the
Containing the Proceedings 75
barbiturates bas some advantages in some particular types of cases. Ethyl
chloride is also useful, especially during the induction stage. Many opera-
tors use it as the anesthetic agent, especially for children.
Local Anesthesia
In a short discussion of this nature, there are only a few things that I
would like to bring out to you regarding local anesthesia, which is the form
of anesthesia no doubt used more extensively by the general practitioner.
Many operators feel that this method is without danger and the safest
anesthetic agent. When you consider, however, not ouly the immediate
effects and the post-operative effects and complications and observe them
clinically, you will not have this opinion. A local anesthetic agent in a
very high percentage of cases does cause a local disturbance, and there are
many complications that may follow its injudicious use when used routinely
even by those who are expert in its use.
We have at our disposal many products of very high caliber. The most
universally used anesthesia is procaine. There ar» other agents being used,
such as Monocaine, etc. It is well to follow the advice of the Council on
Therapeutics to use Procaine as the method of choice as a local anesthetic
agent until all experimental work is completed and definite results have
been obtained with the other anesthetic agents even though they may be
thought by some to be far superior in their action.
It is very difficult in practice for the average person to distinguish between
the action of a 2 per cent Procaine solution with epinephrine and a 1 per
cent Monocaine solution with epinephrine.
It is well in connection with the local anesthetic agents to call your
attention to the recent work of Weaver and Kitchen, and to the work of
Tainter, Throndoson and Moore. Tainter found that Procaine containing
Cobefrin would show no consistent difference or superiority over that
containing from 1 to 50 per cent epinephrine or the neosynephrine. Epine-
phrine gives a quicker anesthesia and a more prolonged anesthesia, and
considering all factors, there is no more advantage in the other methods.
The most important things to consider with local anesthesia are absolute
sterility of the implements, a definite time of changing needles so that there
will be no weakness or liability to break, using definitely proved technique,
injecting slowly into the tissues usually withdrawing the needle during in-
jection, not injecting under pressure or under the periosteum, avoiding
injection where there is inflammation or acute condition and in those cases
where general anesthesia is indicated. I have found it advantageous where
an injection is made, especially in the tuberocity and where there is be-
ginning swelling and hemotoma, to open with a sharp lancet into the
exact region traversed with the needle and spread with a hemostat and then
apply hot and cold cloths to the face. This will usually prevent undue swell-
ing and will prevent abscesses as well, which occasionally follow a hematoma.
It is to be remembered that it is not a question, with the excellent facilities
we now have at our disposal, to consider the anesthesia alone, but it is the
judgment, selection of cases, technique, preoperative preparation, operative
procedure, post-operative care, etc., that are of the greatest importance.
Emergency Measures
The operator should be familiar with all methods of emergency measures
for use with the local and general anesthetic agents, for one never knows
when he will be called upon to use one or all of the different methods. He
76 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
should familiarize himself with the mechanical means of resuscitation, nega-
tive ventilation in the form of the Sylvester method, the Schaefer method,
and the method of Laborde, and the positive ventilation by forced oxygen.
All authorities recognize the questionable value of drugs, and many times
the futility of their use in anesthesia, emergencies. They are usually to be
considered in the second line of defense.
In syncope the most common form of medication is spirits of ammonia,
which is an indirect heart stimulant. In respiratory embarassment or failure,
caffeine, sodio-caffein-benseate, or metrazol is the drug of choice. In the
case of heart failure metrazol is best. In cardiac or circulatory depression or
cardiac failure different drugs may be indicated. In the case of an attack of
angina pectoris, one of the vasometer dilators, such as amyl nitrite may be
used in the form of vaporole, the ampule broken and held under the nose or a
tablet of nitro-glycerine under the tongue.
It has been a very general form of treatment to use one c.c. of epinephrine
subcutaneously, intra-muscularly, or even intravenously for cardiac failure,
and this would seem to be very inconsistent with some of the opinions that
prevail regarding the fact that one drop of epinephrine used in a local anes-
thetic agent as causing so many systemic reactions. However, it has been
my observation that many of the so-called reactions that are contributed to
the epinephrine are due to other causes, such as shock especially. If epine-
phrine is used in an emergency, it is well, of course, to have in mind that
this should be supported with standardized digitalis, such as digifolin. The
use in the case of collapse or severe shock of intravenous glucose or saline
solution should be carefully considered.
In a case of great excitement or fear, the bromides, the barbiturates, and
the narcotics, such as morphine and codeine should be considered.
President Hale:
Dr. Mead, we, for a long time, have been wanting to get you to appear
before the North Carolina Dental Society. You have given a splendid
presentation and one which we have enjoyed immensely. We enjoyed
it very, very much. Be careful how you associate with Jack Sinclair,
Dan Mizell and that crowd fishing because they will catch all the fish
and you won't get any. We hope to have the pleasure of having you hack
with us again some time.
Is there anything anybody wants to say before we adjourn?
Adjournment at 10 :30 p.m.
TUESDAY MORXING
9:00 a.m.
General Table Clinics. (Colonial Room.)
"Removing Stains from Mottled Enamel."
J. Wilson Ames, D.D.S., Smithfield, Va.
"Porcelain Bridge."
B. McK. Johnson, D.D.S., Greenville, N". C.
"Pin Inlays for Posterior Teeth."
H. M. Patterson, D.D.S., Burlington, N". C.
Containing the Proceedings 77
"Impacted and Misplaced Cuspids."
Olin W. Owen, D.D.S., Charlotte, N. C.
"A Review of Dental Anatomy."
Howard L. Allen, D.D.S., Henderson, N. C.
"Dentocoll As An Impression Material."
Marvin T. Jones, Jr., D.D. S., Apex, 1ST. C.
"Some Phases of Children's Dentistry."
Ealph D. Coffey, D.D.S., Morganton, N. C.
Ralph L. Falls, D.D.S., Morganton, N. C.
"Technique for Devitalization of Deciduous Pulps."
R. Wat Hunt, D.D.S., Wadeshoro, N. C.
"Baked Porcelain in General Practice."
A. C. Current, D.D.S., Gastonia, 1ST. C.
"The Engine Driven Surgical Mallet."
K. L. Johnson, D.D.S., Raleigh, N. C.
"Cavity Sterilization and Protection of the Pulp."
Anton A. Phillips, D.D.S., Raleigh, N. C.
"Conservative Surgery in Periodontoclasia."
L. F. Bumgardner, D.D.S., Charlotte, N. C.
"An Outline of Some Procedures in Children's Operative Dentistry."
Rufus S. Jones, D.D.S., Warenton, N. C.
"A Method for Wiring of Fractures of the Mandible."
Theodore W. Atwood, D.D.S., Durham, N. C.
Norman Ross, D.D.S., Durham, N. C.
"A Simple but Successful Treatment of Pyorrhea."
C. D. Wheeler, D.D.S., Salisbury, N. C.
"Better Porcelain Fillings."
B. C. Taylor, D.D.S., Landis, N. C.
"Abnormalities of Frenum." (Results of Removal and Treatment.)
Wm. A. Pressly, Jr., D.D.S., Greensboro, N. C.
"Baked Porcelain Jacket Crown."
W. R. Hinton, Jr., D.D.S., Greensboro, N. C.
TUESDAY NOON SESSION— MAY 2, 1939
President Hale:
Gentlemen, the noon session of the North Carolina Dental Society
will please come to order. The Chair recognizes Dr. Howard B. Hig-
gins, Past Director and Secretary of the South Carolina Dental Society.
Dr. Higgins:
Mr. President, I will just stand where I am. In regard to the South
Carolina State Dental meeting which convenes next Monday and Tues-
day in Charleston, we will try to give you a good time if you will come
down. You have a splendid program here. We will do the best we can
78 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
for you and the best we can to entertain you. We have always found
fellowship and cooperation with you in dentistry. There are many isms
setting up in the country and so much division, if there ever was a
time when we needed to unite and stay in close harmony, it is now.
South Carolina invites you to come down. (Applause.)
President Hale :
The Chair recognizes Dr. Wilbert Jackson.
Dr. Jackson:
I have been asked to call your attention to the pamphlet that you will
find in your chairs. I hope you will not disregard that because it is
important. It is pertaining to the greatest event that has ever happened
to the profession that you are a part of. Next March IS, 19, and 20 in
the City of Baltimore the American Dental Association with the Mary-
land State Dental Association will celebrate the organization or the
founding of professional dentistry in the United States, which is the
100th Anniversary. One hundred years ago next February — the exact
date is the 19th or 20th — the first Dental College in the world was
organized. This great profession will review the progress made during
the hundred years. It is a meeting none of you can afford to miss. It
will afford you an opportunity not only to know the crude ways and
great advances that the profession has made but give you an oppor-
tunity to familiarize yourself with the most recent advances made in
dental research because the meeting will be well balanced. The pro-
gram will be unsurpassed. The American Dental Association is spon-
soring it to the extent of ten thousand dollars. The best brains in the
profession all over the country will be in Baltimore next March — next
March 18, 19, and 20. Bead the Journal as to the centennial celebra-
tion in Batimore next March. It will be celebrated in a way most be-
fitting of the spirit of the profession of which you and I are a part.
President Hale:
Thank you, Dr. Jackson.
I think one who comes to North Carolina cannot for long be a
stranger, Dr. Paffenbarger yesterday did not need an introduction to
us. He only needed to know us. Without any more formality we are
going to hear from Dr. George C. Paffenbarger, D.D.S., F.A.C.D. (Wash-
ington, D. C.)
DENTURE BASE MATERIALS
Mr. Chairman, Members and Guests of the North Carolina Dental Society;
The Dental Base Materials have been studied by the American Dental Asso-
ciation Research Fellowship at the National Bureau of Standards and by the
Bureau of Standards itself for the last three or four years. The work which
I am reporting to you today is largely the work of Barber, Sweeney and
Containing the Proceedings 79
Schonover, who have published their results on these denture base materials.
Probably in no other field of materials has there been so much chaos as in
this field. And one of the reasons for that chaos was that there were no
adequate laboratory tests by which one could, to some extent predict the
behavior of these materials in the mouth. There were no adequate tests until
recently. Now this condition does not only apply to dentistry, it applies as
well to industry where these so-called plastic resins are used. In den-
tistry one of the resins which have been used with more or less success are
the phenol-formaldehyde group. Bakelite is one of the oldest, if not the
oldest commercial resin. Such trade names as Luxene and Duratone are
examples of this type of material. Then there came upon the market in the
last few years the Vinyl resins which were mixtures of vinyl acetate and
vinyl chloride. The trade names of those resins, the two principal ones,
were Resovin and Vydon. No doubt you gentlemen know from first hand
experience of the elimination of that type of material. Of course they have
used celluloid some time for denture bases. Celluloid at one time was fairly
extensively used. Then they were discarded almost entirely until after the
War when Hecolite, a celluloid material, made its appearance and still is
used by many men. But very recently there have been commercially avail-
able a type of resin called methyl methacrylate — that is the chemical name
for it. Now acrylic acid resins of which methyl methacrylate is one, have
been known for practically thirty years but only recently have they been
used commercially and utilized on an industrial scale. Veronite, Crystolex
and Lucitone are three examples of methyl methacrylate resins which are
in current use today.
Now I desire to discuss with you certain laboratory tests by which we
can compare these groups or classes of material one with another. May I
have the first slide?
(Slide.) This bar represents a type of specimen upon which are deter-
mined tensile properties. This rectangular piece represents a type of speci-
men which we use to determine impact, fatigue and cross bend or transverse
strength properties. A specimen of this type is mounted in the machine ver-
tically and is subjected to a load which tends to pull it in two, hence this
cross section of the middle span is not so wide as the part of the piece which
is held in the grip. That is to cause the specimen to rupture within the
reduced section. We know that certain properties are important so far as
practical use of these materials are concerned. The tensile strength is the
force required to rupture the specimen. We can determine the amount of
stretch the specimen will yield before it is ruptured and we can determine
another very important property which is known in engineering language as
proportional limit. You gentlemen know when you take a clasp wire and
form it into a clasp, it must have some springiness and it must have enough
springiness to go over the greatest contour of the tooth. When removed from
the tooth, it will spring back to its normal dimensions but if you stretch that
clasp so far that it takes a set, you have exceeded this point of limit. I want
you to understand proportional limit because it is important so far as the
physical properties of significance in dentistry are concerned. Thus we have
the piece mounted in the machine and place a ten-pound lqad on it and
note a stretch of 2/10 per cent. If this is repeated until the stretch is not in
proportion to the load, the proportional limit has been exceeded. When the
load is removed, the specimen will not return to normal length. It has
taken a permanent set. Say the force exerted in food chewing distorts a
plate. If it is enough to permanently deform the plate you can see how this
application is directly useable in evaluating these materials. Impact strength,
80 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
fatigue and cross bend are important and will assume more importance as
we go along.
(Slide.) Let us compare the tensile properties of these resins with rubber.
Now we know what rubber will do in the mouth because we have used it for
years and have had sufficient clinical experience with rubber. If we use
rubber as a basis to judge the properties of material, we will be on a
secure foundation. You will notice that the tensile strength of a dark olive
base rubber is approximately 8,000 pounds per square inch. What does that
mean? It means that if this specimen had a cross sectional area of one square
inch, it would take an 8,000 pound load to break it. That is what it means.
You will notice that a metal filled base rubber type which has aluminum
bronze incorporated into it like "gold base" and "gold dust" have, is slightly
stronger. The pink rubber has more filler and less rubber hydrocarbon than
the base type. It is therefore a weaker material. Vinyl resin has about the
same strength as rubber. Phenol-formaldehyde resin is not as strong as
rubber. Cellulose compound is weaker than rubber.
Now the elongation is important and of course we know celluloids are very
tough. They stand a lot of abuse without breaking. It is one of the reasons
they have 26 per cent elongation, while rubber will have only one and a half
per cent. Phenol-formaldehyde is a brittle material and has only two-tenths
of one per cent elongation. It has many similar properties to glass.
Now we will go back to the proportional limit. You will recall the descrip-
tion of what the term means. You will find that the base rubbers and the
vinyl resins are very close to each other but the phenol-formaldehyde won't
give much before it breaks. It will be just about like glass in this respect.
The proportional limit will be very near its tensile strength. Where do
methyl methacrylates fit? Properties of methyl methacrylate in tension are
almost identical with the rubber.
(Slide.) Now we want to determine the property which we call impact
strength. If you drop a denture and it breaks easily, it is brittle, it will
have low impact strength but if it is tough or strong and can be stretched,
then it is going to have high impact strength. This small specimen, previ-
ously described, is mounted and laid on this rest. The hammer — mounted
on the arm — is released, comes down and strikes the specimen. If the speci-
men is broken, the hammer comes on through and the up swing is regis-
tered on this dial. This test is used in measuring the energy which is ab-
sorbed. Valves are written in the unit centimeter-kilograms. Olive base
rubber of the better type, will have impact strength of say 40. Vinyl resin
is very tough, too. Phenol-formaldehyde is low because it is brittle but the
cellulose compounds are tough, so they do not break easily when you drop
them. Now the impact strength of the methyl methacrylate will fall be-
tween base rubber and the vinyl resin. That is somewhere between 40 and
100.
(Slide.) This is a method by which transverse strength is measured. Here
is a specimen mounted on this support, the span of which is approximately
the distance between the posterior tuberosity regions of an uper full den-
ture. We try to keep the specimens of dental size and this distance is signifi-
cant so far as dental use of these materials is concerned. This support with
the specimen mounted in it will be shown in the next slide in place in the
machine.
(Slide.) Now this pan with shot in it represents the load which is trans-
ferred through this plunger on to the specimen. The amount of deflection
which the specimen takes under a certain load is measured on this dial
gauge.
Containing the Proceedings 81
(Slide.) This slide gives some figures on several of these types of base
material, and also the modulus of elasticity in cross bending. Now the modu-
lus is the strain, that is the load, which is placed upon a specimen divided
by the amount the specimen stretches. That is, the ratio of the load or stress
to the strain or yield. In other words, divide the load put on the specimen by
how much it stretches. The value so computed is an indication of the stiff-
ness of the material. This is another important property in so far as dental
use is concerned. You will notice that these values were obtained at mouth
temperature. That is another important point because you can get one
answer at room temperature and another answer at mouth temperature.
Since these materials are used in the mouth, it is best to test at mouth tem-
perature conditions. You will notice that the modulus of olive base rubber
is 400,000. pink base rubber 640,000, vinyl resin about the same as the
darkest elastic rubber, phenol-formaldehyde is not quite as stiff as pink
but stiffer than olive base rubber, cellulose compound is not stiff at all com-
paratively. Now the methyl methacrylate resins will have a stiffness value
very close to the dark elastic type of denture base rubber. When we ran the
temperature during the test up to 47 degree Centigrade, which would be
the approximate temperature of hot coffee and hot soup and things which
you would take into your mouth, you will notice that the material will
become softer and have less stiffness at those temperatures than they do at
mouth temperatures. Now such a material as cellulose compound, which
has a very low modulus at high temperature, would bend easily. You can see
how easily distorted those materials may become under actual biting
stress.
(Slide.) Here is where the vinyl resins fell down. They have good impact
strength. They have good elongation. One thing they are low in and that is
resistance to fatigue. If we take a small specimen of this type and flex it like
this with a very light load for a great number of cycles, two or three million
cycles, that material may break, even though the load is far less than it
would break under normally. It is this constant repetition of a small load
which some materials won't withstand. Here is the way we test for fatigue
resistance. This is a spring and one side of the specimen is mounted on the
spring. The other side is fastened to. the crank arm which is mounted ec-
centricly on the motor shaft. As the motor revolves the arms go up and down.
A mirror is mounted on the spring and the beams of light reflected on a
scale. Thus we can tell the amount of flexion the specimen undergoes. This
is a schematic drawing.
(Slide.) The specimen is mounted here. Here is the spring in this position
and the motor and eccentric device for rocking the arms. This box contains
the scale.
(Slide.) We did find, for instance, phenol-formaldehyde resin and olive
base rubber would stand a great number of flexion cycles without breaking
but vinyl resin broke. One of the main reasons why these materials broke
in the mouth — they were otherwise tough — was due to the constant flexion
in the mouth. These small stresses would finally cause it to crack.
Hardness is another important property of these materials and we meas-
ure hardness by an arbitrary manner. For instance, this is a specimen of
resin. Place on that resin a steel ball of a certain size and then place a load
on that steel ball for a certain length of time. When we remove the load on
the ball, one can see that a cup like depression has been formed in the
specimen. Of course, the bigger that depression the softer the material as
far as this particular test is concerned. The area of the indentation made by
the ball, divided by the load taken to make the indentation, gives the hard-
82 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
ness number. The larger the number the harder the material. You will see
that the olive base rubber is around 16- or 15-Brinnel numbers. Phenol-
formaldehyde being more glasslike, is approximately 34. Again cellulose
compound is away down to 12. Methyl methacrylate is very close to hard
base rubber.
(Slide.) We determine the volume change of these various types of den-
ture base rubbers by taking the density or specific gravity before and after
vulcanization. We determine density and from that data determine how
much the material shrinks. You will notice olive base shrank almost 7 per
cent, while metal filled rubber is approximately 4% per cent. Maroon rubber
1% per cent. Therefore you will notice that shrinkage decreased as the
amount of rubber decreased and as the amount of filler or insert material
increased. Pink veener rubber shrinkage is almost 4 per cent. We are deter-
mining pressure and shrinkage in methyl methacrylate resin but we haven't
enough determinations to report any reliable value. It doesn't appear that it
will be very much different from the base rubber.
(Slide.) Heat conduction. One advantage of a metal denture, of course,
is that it transmits heat from tissue rapidly. It allows rapid radiation to
occur and more comfort to the patient when drinking hot and cold food.
It is necessary to know whether these resins are better heat conductors than
hard rubber. In order to measure heat transfer this device, in which a sheet
of material is placed between two insulating blocks and a certain amount
of heat is applied to them is used. Then the heat transferred is measured by
means of sensitive thermocouples.
(Slide.) The next slide gives you the data. The unit used is milliwatts per
square centimeter per degree centigrade per centimeter. You will notice that
all resin matei'ials are very poor heat conductors. The value for olive base
rubber is one point six. There is really no difference of any significance so
far as dental materials are concerned between the heat conductivity of any
of these resinous materials, including the new methyl methacrylate. They are
good inslators. To compare with the metallic elements notice that gold is
almost 3,000. There is a vast difference between a gold denture and one of
these resins in transferring heat from and to the tissues. It has been said that
metal filled rubber would transfer heat from the tissues and make a condi-
tion more compatible with natural conditions. However, you will notice that
the material will not transfer heat any better than ordinary base rubber.
(Slide.) Now this slide gives data on the water absorption of these mate-
rials. We know that vulcanite does become foul after usage and at one time
it was thought that the fouling characteristic could be measured somewhat
by the water absorption of the material. To test a specimen, it was weighed,
then placed in water for a certain length of time, then withdrawn and super-
ficially dried and reweighed. If water was picked up, the material was
heavier on the second weighing. The difference between the two weighings
divided by the original weight of the material times 100 would be the amount
of water absorption in per cent by weight. Now we ran these as long as
three weeks and the olive base rubber in three weeks would absorb prac-
tically one and one-tenth milligrams of water and metal filled base, "gold
dust" and "gold plate" about the same. Pink veneer rubber absorbed a little
more, about one and a half milligrams. Vinyl resin was higher. Phenol-
formaldehyde was higher. Celluloid compound picked up ten times as much
as rubber. Methyl methacrylates are higher, too, than the rubber values.
They are comparatively large and the reason for that, we don't know.
But so far as fouling characteristics are concerned, we don't believe water
absorption value is a true index. If you have had experience with celluloid ma-
Containing the Proceedings 83
terials you know that if you let them dry out they warp and the reason they
warp is because they absorb too much water and when they dry out, it is
given off, and the result is a warped material. When celluloid materials are
placed back into the water, they absorb it and warp again. So water absorp-
tion of materials is important, therefore, from that standpoint.
Now, we shall consider the stability of the denture in service. (Slide.)
Here is something you men can do and it will prove very interesting to you
and I wish you'd keep clinical records. It won't be difficult to do. After a
denture is made and you are all ready to place it in service, make an arti-
ficial stone model of it bearing surface. Then after the patient has worn it a
year or so, call him back and see if the denture will fit back onto the
model. Here is one that didn't. Now, these denture materials do change in
the mouth. We have made reference marks on the posterior portion, just
the posterior to the last tooth, so the length changes could be determined
under the microscope. Some of those changes were due to water absorption
and loss of water when the denture is left out of the mouth. We are not
certain whether those changes are actually warping of the material in the
mouth, inherently by the material itself, or whether the tissue changes
occurring in the mouth are being followed by the denture. Please understand
that point. We don't know at present whether the warpage is caused by the
denture itself or whether the warpage is the result of the denture following
the natural tissue changes. I can see how that if the denture is warping, it
would naturally cause tissue change by distributing load differently from
where it was originally. When the denture which you are observing is not in
the mouth, alternately soak and dry it. You can do this in your office
because you have extra dentures for demonstrating to your patients certain
phases of dental service which you can only convey in that way. It is easy
to make a stone model. You can study your dentures in this way. It is a
clinical experience well worth while if you will just take the trouble to do
this and write up the experience in very short articles and publish such
articles in the Journal because these are clinical tests which are just as
important as laboratory tests. They must supplement each other.
That is all the slides, please.
I think personally from our own experience and from the experience which
we have been able to obtain from users that the methyl methacrylate resins
present a definite advantage over other types of resin which are being cur-
rently used for denture base work. They are certainly easy to repair and
not only easy to repair but repaired sections are difficult if not impossible to
detect. They are certainly easy to handle. The technic used in processing
methyl methacrylate resins is certainly much simpler than used in vulcan-
izing rubber. The only difficulties of any consequence which have been
reported to us so far as methyl methacrylate resins are concerned are two.
One is the checking of teeth under certain circumstances. The technic is so
far improved that this is becoming a less serious factor. The other the de-
velopment of spots or bubbles on the surface of the material adjacent to
large cross sections. This is also disappearing as the technic for handling
them is becoming more refined. We are at the present time formulating a
specification for denture rubber and that will be used as the comparative
measure of the usefulness of the different brands of rubber. We hope within
the next two or three years to formulate specifications for these other types
of denture base plastics and when we get specifications formulated and in use
and the manufacturers begin to guarantee materials to meet the specifica-
tions — the Research Commission of the American Dental Association will
test the materials on the market and publish a list of those ones which they
found to pass the specifications. Thank you, gentlemen.
84 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
President Hale:
Are there any questions ?
Dr. Mustain :
Doctor, I have for many years used the maroon rubber because I
thought it was stronger. There is one thing I have observed, however,
and that is the tissues under which maroon rubber is worn appeared to
be red and inflamed more so than other rubbers. I would like to ask you
what is the filling base material added to this rubber which would have
a tendency to cause this irritation?
Dr. Paffenbarger:
They use a number of fillers in base "rubber. Zinc oxide is one. Col-
ored maroon rubber contains also a pigment, a mercury salt, commonly
spoken of as vermillion. Some investigators hold that some patients
have an idiosyncrasy toward vermillion and that is what causes socalled
rubber sore mouth. Another investigator, Dr. Pryor, in Cleveland, con-
tends that this irritation is due to bacterial growth upon the denture.
I don't know what causes it.
President Hale:
Has anybody else a question? Dr. Paffenbarger, you have made a dis-
tinct contribution to our program and I take this opportunity to thank
you on behalf of the Society. We like you professionally and personally.
We hope the opportunity will present itself for us to have the pleasure
of having you with us again.
Dr. Paffenbarger:
I might say if you gentlemen come to Washington we'd be pleased
to have you visit the National Bureau of Standards and the American
Dental Association Research Fellowship there. Naturally, we are there
to serve you, and if we can serve you, we will be pleased to do so.
(Applause.)
GENERAL SESSION
TUESDAY AFTERNOON
May 2, 1939
The Tuesday afternoon session of the North Carolina Dental Society
convened at 2 :00 o'clock, the President, Dr. G. Fred Hale, presiding.
President Hale:
The afternoon session of the North Carolina Dental Society will please
come to order.
The Chair recognizes Dr. Ralph F. Jarrett, of Charlotte.
Containing the Proceedings 85
Dr. J arret t :
We are very fortunate indeed to have with us one of the outstanding
men in his line. We are very fortunate to have him now a citizen of the
South. He was Professor of Crown and Bridge, University of Nebraska,
and is now with the Atlanta Southern Dental College. I have heard Dr.
Sturdevant lecture and I think, without a doubt, that he has one of the
best clinics and presents it in the best form, of any I have ever attended,
for two reasons — first, because it is not a difficult technic and second,
because it wTorks. I think we have come to the time — in the mechanical
part of dentistry — where we are coming back to simple facts and the
idea of making mountains out of mole hills is being stopped, so at this
time I want to introduce Dr. E. E. Sturdevant, of Atlanta, Georgia.
(Applause.)
Dr. Sturdevant :
Ladies, Members of the North Carolina Dental Society, Guests and
Visitors: After such a gracious introduction it makes me feel like a
man getting up with the bases loaded and two men down. Knowing
another lecture is to come within an hour, I am going right into this
paper.
A SIMPLE CONTROL FOR PRACTICAL CASTINGS
The application of a casting technic in dentistry has gone through thirty
years of practical service. The dental profession can boast of the progress
that has been made in casting technics during the short period of time.
The old plate golds of earlier days have been replaced by highly specialized
alloys which possess definite physical properties to meet the varied require-
ments arising in restorative dentistry. Waxes for pattern work have been
variously modified. Our crude investments of a few years ago have been
advanced to a point where raw materials are carefully selected, accurately
proportioned, and blended under precisely controlled conditions. These im-
provements are the result of extended research conducted by individuals
grounded in scientific fundamentals, urged on by professional criticisms
and requirements. With this forward movement also have come great im-
provements in casting equipment and accessory products. Old technics have
been revised and many new ones advanced. This progress has been made
possible through the united efforts of the dentist, laboratory technician, and
manufacturer, always guided by the great work of the Bureau of Standards.
If the auto mechanic is criticized because his measurements are three-
thousandths of an inch from being perfect, is it not reasonable to expect
the dentist, who is working upon a part of the human anatomy, to produce
gold castings which are nearly as accurate? Knowing how indispensable
casting is to the general practitioner, I shall endeavor to put forth a simple
technic which can enable the dentist to gain such accuracy. It shall always
be my duty and privilege to strive for a simple technic which will give the
dentist a practical, acceptable casting, rather than advance theories so ex-
tremely impracticable.
Before taking up the technic proper, it is best to consider briefly the wax
pattern. Without a true wax pattern, the most careful technic ever devised
surely would be unsatisfactory. The gold inlay can be only as good as the
wax pattern.
86 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
In the direct inlay, we are confronted with the problem of removing the
wax pattern from the tooth. Let us consider some distortions resulting from
its removal. When the wax pattern is removed by the use of an explorer
inserted in either the mesial or distal body of an M.O.D., there is an extreme
danger of that portion of the wax in which the explorer is inserted, moving
from the cavity previous to the body of wax on the opposite side of the tooth,
giving us a distorted wax pattern.
In the indirect method, the common mistake is the removal of a wax pat-
tern from a die by a sprue pin, resulting in a line of force comparable to
that which arises from the explorer technic or removal. The execution of le-
verages undoubtedly will give a distorted wax pattern in the minds of many
dentists, the swaging of castings on a die seems to be a cure-all for such mis-
takes. Likewise, the explorer, type of removal of wax patterns in inter-
proximals with dove-tail occlusals will bring similar distortions. This can be
easily avoided by the use of a fine "U" shaped wire, inserted into the wax in
such a manner as to lift the wax pattern en masse with unform traction on
the various bodies of wax. The "U" wire can be inserted by holding it in the
slightly warmed points of a cotton plier. Upon insertion of the wire to the
proper depth, the pliers are released, thus freeing the wax pattern from
excessive heat. After the pattern has been removed and mounted on the
crucible former, the wire can be removed by using the warmed points of
the cotton pliers, being careful to draw out the wire as soon as sufficient heat
has been incorporated for its release, thereby minimizing the danger of
distorting the wax pattern. In this particular technic of removal, it is not
necessary to use extremely cold water for chilling the wax, as extremes in tem-
perature are undesirable in handling wax patterns.
After care has been taken to obtain a pattern that fits as accurately as
possible, let us continue with the next procedure, sprueing. In too many
laboratories, the sprue is considered only as a means to hold the wax in
position to receive the investment. Little consideration is given to its diame-
ter, length and shape, or the metal used. All these are important factors.
As to the diameter, pins from twelve to eighteen gauge should be used
according to the size of the wax pattern. Sprues of the largest diameter
should be used to prevent "shrink spot" porosity at the union of the sprue
with the main body of the casting. This can also be overcome by using a
reservoir which must be placed very close to the wax pattern and connected
by a heavy channel to facilitate the drawing of the "shrink spot" porosity
into the center of the reservoir. In the construction of reservoirs, many
make the mistake of having them either too small for the size of the inlay,
by having the attachment of the reservoir to the main body of the inlay
too small, or by having the reservoir too far away from the pattern, thus
acting only as a sprue button that is too far away from the mold. Reservoirs,
however, are not necessary in making small castings, for if the sprues are
large enough and sufficiently short, the gold in the center of the sprue cham-
ber will remain molten long enough to furnish liquid gold to fill up the voids,
resulting in a solid casting.
The sprue pin should always be straight and never tapered, inasmuch as a
tapered pin only tends to resist the flow of molten gold in the sprue chamber
and increase the velocity of the metal as it enters the mold, a factor very
undesirable in the seating of gold against weak investments.
The final consideration in the selection of a sprue is the metal used. A
steel pin is undesirable unless removed reasonably soon, since it will leave
iron oxide against the wall of the sprue hole. This oxide, during the process
of casting, will be picked up by the molten gold, thus resulting in a contami-
Containing the Proceedings 87
nation. This danger can be easily averted by the use of brass sprue pins
which are very inexpensive.
After the proper sprue pin has been selected, let us proceed to attach the
pin to the wax pattern, always selecting the greatest bulk of wax for the
attachment, this precaution serving to prevent "shrink spot" porosity. It is
unwise to insert a heated sprue pin into the surface of the wax, as the heat
conveyed by the pin is likely to distort the pattern. This distortion can be
avoided by placing a drop of sticky wax upon the pattern at the point of at-
tachment and inserting the pin into the warm wax. If an instrument is to
be used in sealing the attachment, it must be a thin bladed one. since a
heavy instrument will radiate heat that may round a feather edge margin.
Our attention is now turned to the selection of a proper crucible former.
The use of centrifugal force in making a casting will necessitate a crucible
face of investment decidedly funnel shaped and rather deep to control the
flow of the molten metal and take advantage of the initial inertia for seating
it in the mold.
There are two' reasons why the crucible face must be wide and rather
shallow when using pressure for casting purposes:
(1) Uniform heat can be applied when melting the gold.
(2) Surface tension of the molten metal will not be broken, thus pre-
venting any of the metal from dropping into the mold previous to the applica-
tion of pressure.
The latter is especially important when using large sprues.
The next procedure is the mounting of the case into the crucible former,
making sure that the distance between the wax pattern and former is short,
in agreement with the contention of short sprue chambers. A drop or two
of sticky wax may be placed about the opening at the bottom of the
crucible former to make sure that the sprue pin remains in its proper posi-
tion. A careful technician will make sure that the surface of his crucible
former is always clean and buffed to insure a smooth crucible surface upon
the investment.
The wax pattern is now cleaned with a solution composed of equal parts
of hydrogen peroxide and of green soap in order to remove die lubricant in
the indirect method and saliva and lubricant in the direct method. In
rinsing the pattern, extremes in temperature may be avoided by using room
temperature water. An air syringe is used to dry thoroughly the surface of
the wax pattern, because free moisture on the surface of the wax will result
in a rough casting.
In producing accurate dental castings, inlay investments are of no less
importance than inlay waxes and their manipulation. A short period of ten
years ago saw the dentist using an investment with no consideration of its
physical properties. Needless to say, this opened a great field for a survey
of the types of investments in use, and experiments have been conducted to
determine their qualities. As a result, the dentist may now wisely choose
his investment after a careful consideration of the physical properties of
current casting investments.
After making a series of laboratory tests, I have chosen an investment
whose physical properties make it most satisfactory. The observations made
by the Bureau of Standards show this investment to be well above their
specifications. Most important of all is the study of these observations rela-
tive to water-investment ratios, noting the increase of all the desirable
qualities with a decrease of the water content.
To make the first mix of investment, the investment and water are meas-
ured with a very simple device, a set of measuring spoons which can be pur-
88 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
chased at any ten-cent store. Into the clean bowl of a mechanical spatulater
are placed two teaspoonfuls of room temperature water and three level
tablespoons of loosely packed investment. Distilled water is preferred to tap
water, since tap water usually contains mineral salts which may increase or
retard chemical reactions in the investment. The mixing is begun with a
hand spatula to insure the initial union of water and investment before
applying the mechanical spatulater. This procedure prevents a gumming
up of dry investment about the central axis of the mechanical mixer, a fact
which often discourages its use. The mechanical spatulater is indispensable
if for no other reason than that it assures a homogeneous investment-water
mix and greatly reduces entrapped air in the investment. This elimination
of air bubbles contributes more to the smoothness of castings than any
other single factor.
A minimum of one hundred and fifty turns of the blade or of fifty turns
of the handle over a period of thirty seconds is required. Clean mechanical
mixer immediately by rinsing in water. This will do away with investment
ever attaching itself to the spatulater, a factor which usually discourages
its use.
With an inlay paint brush a thick mixture is applied to the wax pattern,
gently vibrating the investment to place, being careful not to bridge across
angular depressions. After the wax has been properly covered to a depth of
one-eighth inch, add more of the thick mix about the sprue pin down to the
crucible former, making sure that enough is covering the crucible former in
order to secure an appreciable lip of the smooth investment. This precaution
insures us of the best possible channel for seating the gold into the mold.
The next step is to sprinkle dry investment upon the surface of the case.
Then, gently vibrate by stroking a roughened instrument across the edge of
the crucible former. During this procedure, moisture is drawn from the inner
investment, reducing its water content and furnishing additional moisture
for the application of more dry powder. The application of dry investment is
repeated until a thick sponge core, which will serve a multiple purpose, is
formed. After adding the sponge core, the excess of this layer which lies
upon the crucible former is removed by the blade of a hand spatula and
trimmed just inside the lip of the heavy inner investment, thus eliminating
any roughened surface upon the crucible face of the investment. The bene-
fits of the sponge core can be listed as follows:
1. The reduction of water content in the inner core of investment.
2. An accommodation for the expansion of investment, both setting and
thermal.
3. The reduction of the resistance to the escape of air in the seating of the
molten gold.
As has been said before in the discussion of the physical properties of the
investment, a reduction in the water content is accompanied with an increase
in tensile strength, compression strength, setting expansion, and thermal
expansion, as well as a reduction in the setting time. Therefore, the addi-
tion of a sponge core and the consequent reduction of water in the inner
core which lines the mold finds those properties which are essential to an
accurate casting in every way.
Surely it is more advantageous to have a cushion stabilizer in the center
of an investment than to accommodate the lateral expansion by the use of
an asbestos liner at the periphery. An inner core of investment which is
free to expand in all directions aids materially in producing true, unwarped
castings. Without the central cushion, investments, because of their low
conductivity, many times fracture when subjected to a rapid increase in
Containing the Proceedings 89
temperature. The cracking of the mold not only is evidenced in a fin of gold
upon the surface of the casting, but also results in an inlay of distorted
dimensions. We have completely overcome this difficulty in our teaching
experience since the time that the sponge core was introduced into our
casting technic.
If the gold is to fill the investment mold completely, it is necessary to
provide some means for decreasing the resistance to the escape of air.
This is easily demonstrated by feeding molten gold into a pyrex tube which
is sealed at one end and constricted at the center to a diameter which is
comparable to that of a sprue pin. The gold invariably fails to seat itself
in the sealed portion of the glass tube that lies beyond the constriction.
But if this same portion of the glass tube is cut off, and replaced by a body
of wax, which will give a mold whose walls will afford the necessary escape
of air, the molten metal can be seated perfectly. Certainly the sponge core
has its merits in enabling an immediate escape for the air in the invest-
ment mold. Through the courtesy of R. L. Coleman, formerly of the Bureau
of Standards and now Chief Metallurgist of the J. M. Ney Co., I received the
apparatus which was used by the Bureau of Standards for determining the
relative porosity of investments. A comparison of the tests on the escape of
air through the one-eighth inch inner core of investment and through a mass
of investment comparable in thickness and consistency to the one mix
investment, leads to a definite conclusion: It is more advantageous in the
seating of gold into an investment mold to have an immediate release for
the escape of air by using a sponge core, than to hold the escaping air under
pressure as it is being forced into the body of a single investment.
The ring is now properly fitted upon the crucible former and made ready
to receive the outer investment. Inasmuch as the outer investment is merely
a framework to hold in place that which is within, the measuring, mixing,
and pouring of this investment is less important. For this mix, two level
tablespoons of loose investment are added to the same measurement of
water, two teaspoonfuls. The mixture is spatulated with the hand spatula
and poured down the side of the ring, gently vibrating the mounted case to
secure a proper crucible face and to avoid the trapping of large pockets of
air. The poured up case is set aside from twenty to thirty minutes, depend-
ing upon the thickness of the outer investment.
Some dentists, realizing that the water content of a thin mix of investment
may be reduced if surrounded by a sponge core, insist upon using a thinner
investment for the inner core and pouring the same mix for the outer invest-
ment, instead of bothering to measure and spatulate two mixes of invest-
ment. But this short-cut is a grave mistake, for although it is possible to
reduce the water content, the air bubbles which persist in a thinner mix,
even after mechanical spatulation, cannot be withdrawn. Consequently,
nodules appear upon the surface of the gold casting, because the small pockets
of air which rest along the walls of investment break down when the metal
is thrown into the mold.
The small portion of sticky wax which was used to attach the sprue pin
in the crucible former is removed, and the crucible former is separated from
the inlay ring, thereby leaving the sprue pin still imbedded in the invest-
ment. The removal of the sprue pin is facilitated by slightly heating it in
order to cause its release from the wax which occupies the inner mold.
In the majority of cases, irregularities about the mouth of the sprue bole
are found after the removal of the crucible former and sprue pin. If these
jagged lips of investment are left, small portions may be fractured and car-
ried into the mold by the inrushing gold. The bits of investment invariably
90 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
will come to rest across an angle in the mold, thus preventing the seating of
gold along delicate margins. With one minute of time, a little wax, and a
vulcanite scraper, this catastrophe may be avoided. The sprue hole is filled
with wax by the use of a narrow spatula, and a new crucible surface is
formed by the use of the vulcanite scraper, resulting in a clean, rigged lip
about the opening to the sprue chamber. And if any irregularities appear
next to the inlay ring, an instrument should be used to remove them.
The burning out of the wax pattern and the heat treatment of the invest-
ment is of major importance, for in this step we take advantage of the most
important factor of control, thermal expansion. To satisfy ourselves that
the control may rest alone in the thermal expansion of the investment, a
series of 2 per cent taper, wax plugs, uniformly invested, may be heat
treated with a control furnace, holding the respective cases at 600 degrees,
1,100 degrees, and 1,300 degrees F., to insure a positive test at those tempera-
tures. When the cast plugs are placed into the die for which they were made,
they decidedly show the stages in the thermal expansion of the investment.
From the start, the increase in temperature must be gradual and not vio-
lent in order to accommodate the physical changes of the investment. Care
must also be taken not to overheat the investment. Every technician has
agreed that 1,300 degrees F., is the ideal temperature to cast when using
high heat investments, but to overheat and then to drop back to 1,300 degrees
results in a considerable shrinkage of the investment mold.
The proper adjustment of the torch to facilitate the rapid melting of the
gold will greatly reduce oxidation and segregation of the base metals. The
extent of oxidation can be further lessened by the use of a flux which has an
affinity for oxygen.
When a cherry red is visible through the sprue hole, a color indicative of
1,300 degrees F., the gold is preheated to forestall a cooking down of the
case. While the gold is hot, the case is placed in the casting machine, and
the metal is remelted and cast with a minimum amount of delay.
The Secretary, Dr. Paul Fitzgerald, read the following telegrams :
DR. PAUL FITZGERALD
ILLNESS IN MY FAMILY IS PREVENTING ME FROM BEING WITH
YOU. BEST WISHES FOR A SUCCESSFUL MEETING.
C. D. WHEELER.
DR. FRED HALE
SORRY CAN'T BE WITH YOU TODAY. SEE YOU TOMORROW. BEST
WISHES FOR A SUCCESSFUL MEETING. FRANK DUKE.
President Hale:
The Chair recognizes Dr. J. S. Betts.
Dr. Belts:
Mr. Chairman and Fellows: I am told that during the rich and
colorful days of ancient Rome it was the custom for her people to take
time out on occasion to do things beautifully. During that day and
time men who distinguished themselves by their achievements were
crowned with laurel wreaths denoting their superiority in their lines
of endeavor. Imagination leads us to believe that those occasions were
beautiful and appropriate and thrilling and heart moving. We don't
Containing the Proceedings 91
do things like that today. We might he richer in our history, we might
make bigger men. and stronger characters, if we did. I have in mind
this morning a desire — and I appreciate this opportunity — of calling
the names of three men of our number who have distinguished them-
selves by their achievements.
Some thirty years ago, there came to us from beyond the Mason and
Dixon line a man who at once placed himself among our very best;
and we found out soon that he had ability, that he had initiative, that
he had intestinal fortitude, that he would accomplish what he set out to
accomplish despite obstacles and opposition which rose up against him.
We elected him to secretaryship of our state organization, and later
made him president. He was placed on the examining board, and was
its efficient secretary for several years. He did well in every place to
which he was elected. I refer to our friend, Fred Hunt of Asheville.
Our dental laws were largely directed and framed, I am told, by him and
a few of his associates who were with him in the difficult task, and today
the dental laws that are on the statute books in other states were copied
largely after our own dental laws.
I have in mind another man that we have all known over a period of
years. He has bull-dog tenacity. He has caution. He has determination.
He hews to the line, and lets chips fall where they may, and when he
undertakes to do anything unless the opposition is too great, he carries
it through to success. We all know and admire him for his sterling
qualities. I take great pleasure in mentioning my friend, Dr. J. Martin
Fleming, who recently brought from the press this wonderful history
of the North Carolina Dental Society. While I am speaking of him I
want to urge every man here, young as well as old, to purchase one of
these books. The Society has offered them to you at a sacrifice. The
price that you pay for this publication is less than it costs. The Society
put up the money for it. I urge you, while you can, to possess one of
these histories. It will be an invaluable possession of yours in after
years.
I wish to speak of another man who has distinguished himself by his
achievement. They tell me that when great need is imminent, some man
is discovered to fill that need. The North Carolina State Board of
Health needed a man some years ago to be director of oral hygiene. We
discovered a man and put him in that place. He is a man of clear insight
and keen discrimination, a man with initiative, and a past master at
directive efficiency, for those who work with him come and go at his
beck and call. He has put our state upon the map. No other state has a
dental health program equal to ours. As evidence of that fact, at the
last meeting of the national organization (his display is here on the
mezzanine floor and I want every one to see it) his display took first
prize in that organization. T am proud to acclaim these three men :
F. L. Hunt, J. Martin Fleming, and Ernest A. Branch.
92 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
President Hale:
I recognize Dr. H. 0. Lineberger.
Dr. Lineberger:
It is my privilege to present to this body a man who was present with
us last year and who was at that time President of the American Dental
Association and actively engaged in the busiest year any President ever
had. Those fortunate enough to visit St. Louis will bear me out that it
certainly was one of the finest meetings the American Dental Associa-
tion has ever had. His work for child welfare program certainly will
be long remembered. But he hasn't stopped there. Saturday night Mrs.
Camalier called Mrs. Lineberger over long distance from Washington
to tell her she wouldn't be able to be here at the meeting stating that
certain things had arisen and that Dr. Camalier that day had taken a
plane for Chicago. So I find from Dr. Camalier after he arrived here
that he went to Chicago Saturday, sat in a meeting Saturday and most
of Sunday and flew back to Washington. Yesterday he had a meeting
in Baltimore. Last night he discussed a paper of Dr. Fishbein, editor
of the Journal of the American Medical Association. I say he is still
at work. It is fortunate that he came directly and spontaneously from
these two important meetings. At this time we are certainly very happy
to listen to a message from Dr. C. Willard Camalier, D.D.S., F.A.C.D.,
immediate Past President of the American Dental Association, Wash-
ington, D. C.
Dr. Camalier:
Mr. President, Members of the North Carolina Dental Society,
Friends and Guests: I first want to thank you for this very fine invita-
tion to be here this afternoon and to also express my deep appreciation
to my friend, Dr. Lineberger, for his kind words.
SOME PERTINENT OBSERVATIONS ON THE NATIONAL
HEALTH PROGRAM
Mr. President, Members of the North, Carolina State Dental Association, other
members of the American Dental Association, Friends and Guests:
Again the old North State has invited me to appear upon its program and
you may be sure that I deeply appreciate the invitation, it being especially
gratifying because a person is not usually invited more than once unless his
past presentation has been at least partially acceptable.
The subject of my discourse today is naturally a live one and should be of
great interest to every dentist in the State of North Carolina as well as
throughout the United States. As a member of the Government Committee
of the American Dental Association, I shall attempt to bring you today a
brief discussion of the National Health Program proposed in Washington
in the hope that you may be able to evaluate it in its proper perspective
and govern yourself accordingly. I will start with the National Health
Conference held last July in Washington. Prior to this conference, American
Containing the Proceedings 93
dentistry had no concrete idea of what the Government had in mind and
frankly we know very little about it now as a result of the Conference.
However, the invitation to the Conference did give the American Dental
Association an opportunity to present, in a brief way, dentistry's position
with reference to the holding of the Conference, what had been done by the
profession in its own field, and to present certain recommendations con-
cerning the future. To help me in placing dentistry's position before the
Conference, I requested the assistance of Dr. J. Ben Robinson, Dr. Frank
Cady of the United States Public Health Service and Dr. Lon W. Morrey,
Director of the Bureau of Public Relations of the Association, also dele-
gates to the Conference. We spent half the night preceding my appearance
on the program and without official action of the Association I feel the
matter was presented in a proper manner. Some uninformed persons have
gotten the idea, and have said so publicly, that dentistry should have had a
concrete program for the conference which would have been the last word
in so far as the dental program in the United States was concerned. My
confreres and myself took the position that the American Dental Association
should state what it had done, what it would like to do, and to call the
attention of the conference, and through it the Government, to the lack of
consideration given the dental problem by the Technical Committee. So in
this connection we told them not only what we had accomplished but we
recommended strongly that the Government interest itself in the question
of dental research and the improvement in the dental health of the children
of the nation, 90 per cent of whom were proven to have dental defects by a
survey conducted several years ago by the United States Government itself.
(I refer to the dental survey conducted by the United States Public Health
Service.) We did not criticize the aims of the conference; on the contrary,
its motives were commended and we offered in the name of the Association
all of our facilities in relation to the conduct of the conference. Incidentally,
I might say that while our delegation was quite universally commended for
its presentation at the National Health Conference, faint criticism has
arisen from certain perpetual objectors on several points. In New York,
a dental publication not connected with the American Dental Association
or any of its constituent parts, has made the statement that if their
representative had been allowed to speak at the conference he would have
made a much superior presentation and given the conference a concrete plan
on which to work. I would like to ask the gentleman in question how he
could have presented any definite plan to the conference at that time which
would have been acceptable to all of dentistry throughout the United States
and its possessions? Some people and fortunately they are few, in number,
seem to think that there is only one spot in the United States and that is
New York City. It is too bad that the horizon of some does not extend beyond
that so that they would know that the dental population of this broad
United States and its possessions encompasses not only the large cities but
small cities, counties and towns. These men have a much right to be con-
sidered as the dentists in the metropolitan areas and it would have been the
height of folly and treachery to have attempted to foster a concrete plan of
dentistry before the conference which might ultimately have been forced
down the throats of the practicing dentists throughout this country. This
same publication said "As long as dentistry selects leaders because of their
scientific knowledge or technical ability or because they are "popular"
stuffed shirts, so long will dentistry receive the kind of treatment from the
public it is now getting. What we have today is not an overnight
development. It is the culmination of the apathy of many years of
94 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
indifference and ignorance. The failure of medicine and dentistry to offer
a constructive program is the basic reason for the present disgraceful situa-
tion. On this point, we, in the Allied Dental Council have a clear record;
for we have a constructive Public Dental Health Program. It is affirmative
and detailed. It does not sidestep. In fact, it seems to be the only construc-
tive program in existence offered by any dental society. Miss Josephine
Roche, chairman of the Conference, has asked for more copies for distribu-
tion amongst government experts who are studying the problem." Further-
more, we were criticized because we did not apparently recognize the
absolute necessity of some plan being developed to care for not only the
children of the country but the entire adult population. Note the words
we used in referring to adults: "The dental profession realizes that some
provision must be made to provide an emergency service at community
expense for the relief of pain and the elimination of infection, and, in some
instances for reconstruction work for those adults of the present generation
who cannot provide this service for themselves." We were accused in this
statement of advocating sub-standard care for the American people; that
we should have gone the entire way and advocated some plan for the com-
plete dental care of the masses. My confreres and myself, carrying the re-
sponsibility of a statement for the entire profession, felt that we should
proceed cautiously in discussing a problem which at the least was highly
controversial, and mind you, we were appearing without instructions from
our House of Delegates. We were advocating what we thought to be a sensi-
ble and practical course and one which would be fair to the profession, to
the public, and the taxpayer. Incidentally, you must remember that you
are treading on extremely dangerous ground when you advocate complete
dental care for the masses of the American people because if you are not
careful others besides dentists would undoubtedly be brought into the
picture if the whole field were to be covered. A complete dental service for
the adult, while seemingly ideal, is impractical from a financial viewpoint
and impossible of acceptance in many other ways. In this connection an
excerpt from a letter written by Dr. I. S. Falk, Assistant Director in charge
of Division of Health Studies of the Social Security Board, dated January
11, 1939, to one of the members of our Government committees, is interesting.
"Thank you for your letter of December 27. Neither the Technical Com-
mittee nor I, personally, has arrived at any final conclusions as to how or to
what extent dentistry might be included in a compulsory health insurance
program. At the moment, I can speak only for myself in expressing views
beyond those stated in the Committee's report.
"There are many reasons for thinking that complete dental care could not
be provided at the outset in a compulsory system unless there were sub-
ventions for the lowest income groups covered in the insurance system. I
hold to this view quite apart from the mass existence of dental conditions
requiring care which are the result of accumulated neglect. Even if it were
possible to start out with a clean slate, taking care currently only of needs
currently arising, it seems to me that the inclusion of full dental care at
the outset may be impractical; from what we know of costs, the over-all
expense may be prohibitive. In addition, I doubt that there are enough den-
tists and subsidiary technical qualified personnel in the country to provide
complete service now for everybody, if such services were made financially
possible."
Our committee stated, and I so reiterate again today, that the long term
preventive program for children is the only feasible and practical one for
the control of dental disease. Our critics have studiously avoided giving our
Containing the Proceedings 95
committee credit for stating what American dentistry has accomplished, or
its advocacy of dental research in caries or the institution of a well rounded
program for the children of the nation. Subsequent to this presentation at
the National Health Conference, I appointed a committee of five as advisers
to the Board of Trustees to meet several days prior to our meeting in St.
Louis. This committee composed of such distinguished dentists as Dr.
Leroy M. S. Miner, Dr. Lon W. Morrey, Dr. J. F. Ewen, Dr. A. B. Patterson,
and Dr. Edward Bruening, did their job well and it was upon their recommen-
dation that the House of Delegates authorized me to appoint a committee of
nine from the House to formulate a dental program to be used as a basis
for cooperation with the United States Government This committee headed
by Dr. Harold Oppice, made a splendid report and in substance endorsed
the action of your representatives at the National Health Conference. I
should like to read the report of this special committee. It is as follows:
REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE APPOINTED TO CONSIDER
NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAM OF PRESIDENT'S
INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE
Inasmuch as the dental profession has long been aware that the control of
dental disease is necessary to the maintenance of health, and inasmuch as
the Report of the Technical Committee to the President's Interdepartmental
Committee has recognized the fact that dental care constitutes an integral
part of a national health program, and inasmuch as the dental profession
is the only group having the training and the legal authority to treat
dental disease, your Committee has drawn up the following declaration of
principles and recommendations which it believes should be presented by
the American Dental Association to the Federal Government for its assist-
ance in planning the dental phase of a general health program.
Principles
Your Committee recommends that in the formulation of any national
health program, the American Dental Association should insist on inclusion
of the following principles:
I. In all conferences that may lead to the formation of a plan relative to a
national health program, there must be participation by authorized repre-
sentatives of the American Dental Association.
II. The plan should give careful consideration to: First, the needs of the
people; second, the obligation to the taxpayers; third, the service to be
rendered; and fourth, the interests of the profession.
III. The plan should be flexible so as to be adaptable to local conditions.
IV. There must be complete exclusion of non-professional, profit-seeking
agencies.
V. The dental phase of a national health program should be approached
on a basis of prevention of dental diseases.
VI. The plan should provide for an extensive program of dental health
education for the control of dental diseases.
VII. The plan should include provision for rendering the highest quality
of dental service to those of the population whose economic status, in the
opinion of their local authorities, will not permit them to provide such
service for themselves, to the extent of prenatal care, the detection and
correction of dental defects in children, and such other service as is
necessary to health and the rehabilitation of both children and adults.
96 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
VIII. For the protection of the public, the plan shall provide that the
dental profession shall assume responsibility for determining the quality
and method of any service to be rendered.
Recommendations
Your Committee has considered the five recommendations of the Technical
Committee, and, in so far as they apply to dental service, makes recommenda-
tions as follows:
I. Expansion of public health and maternal and child health services.
(A) Expansion of general public health services.
(1) We approve of the general expansion of public health services and in
addition, recommend the establishment of a Federal Department of Health
with a secretary who shall be a graduate in medicine, and a member of the
President's Cabinet; and a first assistant secretary who shall be a graduate
in dentistry.
(2) In an expanded public health program which Involves a considera-
tion of the expenditure of millions of dollars for public health purposes,
your Committee recommends that the problem of dental caries and other
dental diseases be included.
(B) Maternal and child health services.
Your Committee approves, provided that dental care of mothers and
children be included. It is, of course, understood that the necessary funds
will be allocated for these services.
II. Expansion of hospital facilities.
Your Committee recommends that due consideration be given to the inclu-
sion of adequate dental facilities and services.
III. Medical care for the medically needy, and
IV. A general program of medical care.
(1) Your Committee is convinced that, from an actuarial standpoint,
satisfactory dental service cannot be rendered under a compulsory health
insurance system. We, therefore, do not favor such a plan but do approve
voluntary budget plans under professional control which will enable pa-
tients to "apportion costs and timing of payments so as to reduce the burdens
of (dental) costs and remove the economic barriers which now militate
against the receipt of adequate (dental) care." (The word "dental" was
substituted by the Committee for the word "medical" in the original quo-
tation.)
(2) The Committee approves the recommendation that such a program
should provide for "continuing and increased incentives to the development
and maintenance of high standards of professional preparation and pro-
fessional service."
V. Insurance against the loss of wages during sickness.
Considered without recommendation.
Conclusion
Your Committee agrees with the Technical Committee's belief, "that,
as progress is made toward the control of various diseases and conditions,
as facilties and services commensurate with the high standards of American
medical practice are made more generally available, the coming decade,
under a national health program, will see a major reduction in needless loss
of life and suffering — an increasing prospect of longer years of productive,
self-supporting life in our population." We also believe that the above state-
Containing the Proceedings 97
ments apply equally to dental practice and that the enumerated benefits
would be enhanced by early and regular dental care in childhood.
Your committee offers two final recommendations:
(1) In view of the fact that dental caries is the most prevalent disease of
mankind, the American Dental Association strongly recommends that the
Federal Government augment, with a comprehensive research program, the
efforts of the organized dental profession to determine the cause of this
disease.
(2) That in keeping with the first main principle of this report, a com-
mittee of five practicing dentists be appointed by the Board of Trustees,
together with such technical advisers as the needs of the committee require,
to fulfill the provisions of Principle Number 1.
(Signed) Homer B. Robinson,
Craft A. Hopper,
E. E. Voyles,
Henry C. Fixott,
W. 0. Talbot,
Alfred Walker,
Stanley Rice,
R. J. Rinehart,
Harold W. Oppice, Chairman.
The committee appointed by the Board of Trustees to contact the
Government is as follows : Harold Oppice, Chairman; C. Williard
Camalier, Leroy M. S. Miner, Alfred Walker, E, A. Walls.
The so-called Wagner Bill, S. 1620, Avas introduced in the Senate on
February 28, 1939, and is supposed to embody the provisions to carry
into effect this National Health Program. Your Government Committee,
as heretofore mentioned, has been giving very careful consideration to
this Act and on Sunday met with the ad interim Committee of the Board
of Trustees for the purpose of determining what attitude the Associa-
tion should take in relation to the Wagner Bill. It was decided, in
general terms, that the Bill is so vague, would bring about such centrali-
zation of power, does not stress the necessity for proving individual com-
munity needs, and spreads the jurisdiction of health care under so many
different agencies, that it would not be workable from an efficiency
standpoint and consequently not in the best interests of the public. The
Association is, of course, in favor of objectives which will improve the
health of the people of the United States but feels that it should be done
in a much more efficient manner than is possible under the present
terms of the Wagner Act. Some of the general objections to the Act, as
outlined by our Committee, are as follows :
II. a. GENERAL OBJECTIONS TO NATIONAL
HEALTH ACT OF 1939
Philosophy': 1. The entire National Health Act of 1939 is the con-
ception of government officials, because it makes use of the familiar
device of merely expanding existing agencies without any attempt to
integrate those agencies for more effective and economical service.
98 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Lay Control : 2. In reference to the reorganization measures pro-
posed by the President of the United States, the National Health Act
of 1939 would still keep under lay control those medical and dental
services that are rendered under the Act. No provision in the Wagner
Act makes the seeking or acceptance of professional advice on profes-
sional matters mandatory.
Community Need : 3. The health needs of the community are not
properly recognized and provisions for meeting these needs are not
specific or satisfactory. The problem of health is considered by the Act
to be one of a more widespread attack upon isolated diseases and dis-
abilities, most of which are already beneficiaries of a federal program
(cancer, tuberculosis and syphilis).
Expenditure and Need : 4. There is no evidence, in many instances,
that the proposed expenditures are balanced against a specific and
demonstrable need.
Federal Control : 5. The Act furnishes a mechanism for compell-
ing state compliance with federal theories and practices in social eco-
nomics because the federal government has the power to approve or
disapprove state plans, grant or withhold federal subsidies.
Taxation : 6. The Act does not curtail any existing activity of gov-
ernment; therefore the adoption of the Act means increased federal
spending and, eventually, increased taxes. Since federal subsidies are at
least to be matched by the states, the final result will again be increased
taxes or curtailing of those activities now thought to be necessary.
Administration : 7. The Act proposed the establishment of at least eight
federal consultative or administrative bodies with a resultant dispersion
of efficiency and integration, and with the possible creation of many sets of
varying standards. The Act also meditates the use of an extensive body
of administrative employees whose salaries shall contribute substan-
tially to the costs of the national health program, and without any
insurance that their services are desirable, efficient or necessary.
Through the Act the federal agency may secure funds over and
above the needs of an individual state. This surplus is to be distributed
to more needy states or returned to the original state. In the latter
case the original state received funds it has itself contributed, but in order
to get them back must yield some control of its internal affairs to the
federal government.
8. The Act authorizes the creation of state and federal advisory
boards with a membership from professional, social and related organi-
zations. There is nothing in the Act to require consultation with these
advisory boards or to give force to their advice when given. This makes
possible the federal acceptance of a state plan that is completely unsatis-
factory to the professional advisory body.
Containing the Proceedings 99
Freedom in State Plans : 9. Under the title dealing with medical care
the Act ostensibly permits the state entire freedom in selecting a plan
but actually retains the means to force adoption of federal principles
through its right to grant and withhold subsidies.
Thus the federal government, under the Act, could insist on a stand-
ard of state medicine or compulsory sickness insurance, as a primary
requirement and enforce agreement with that insistence by withholding
grants-in-aid. This would also leave the way open for a drastic change
of standards with changing national adminstrations.
II. b. SPECIFIC OBJECTIONS TO NATIONAL
HEALTH ACT OF 1939 FROM DENTAL
VIEWPOINT
Dentistry as a Profession : 1. The Act does not specifically men-
tion dentistry at any time but includes it under the general term "re-
lated services."
Allotments to Dentistry: 2. There is nothing in the Act to pre-
vent dentistry from being considered as an auxiliary service to be
granted funds at the whim of administrative agencies or to be excluded
entirely even from the research phases of the proposed Act.
Differences in Medicine and Dentistry: 3. The Act does not
make provision for the fundamental differences that exist between the
economic and administrative phases of medicine and dentistry.
Funds for Dentistry: 4. The federal government will not partici-
pate in state plans (under the medical care title) where the expenditure
exceeds $20 per individual. In view of the costs of even elementary den-
tistry, this provision definitely will lower the quality of service by
reducing fees to a primitive level or it will prevent the inclusion of
dental service in any desirable form. The percentage of money available
for dental service is not designated nor are any standards established
for its determination.
Rules and Regulations : 6. The state agency is given power to make
rules and regulations with a "special regard for the quality and economy of
such service." 2. This is of importance because the quality of service in
dentistry often has a direct relation to the cost because it involves
materials (unlike medical diagnosis or psychotherapy) and the skill to
manipulate them properly.
The Act also establishes the powerful state agency which need not
be under professional control or advice, and gives it the power to estab-
lish and maintain "standards of medical care and institutional care and
of remuneration for such care." 3. This, in effect, bestows the power to
fix fees.
Research : 7. There is no assurance that dentistry will receive funds
for research even though no successful, long-range attack upon the
100 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
national dental problem can be made unless the cause of caries and
methods for its prevention become known.
Our Committee while objecting to this Act, will undoubtedly have
an alternative suggestion and I am sure it will be based upon the idea
that the Government should first consolidate all of its health activities
under one head thus insuring more efficiency in the administration of
health services. In this connection I might call your attention to the
first plan on Government reorganization proposed in the message of the
President of the United States, dated April 25, 1939, the following
paragraph of which we are principally interested in :
"The agencies to be grouped are the Social Security Board, now an
independent establishment, the United States Employment Service,
now in the Department of Labor, the Office of Education now in the
Department of the Interior, the Public Health Service now in the
Treasury Department, the National Youth Administration, now in the
Works Progress Administration, and the Civilian Conservation Corps,
now an independent agency."
For some reasons unknown at the present time, and they must be good
ones, the Children's Bureau of the Department of Labor is left under
that department. However, many persons wonder why this department
as not transferred under this set-up in the same manner as the United
States Public Health Service. Under this reorganization plan the vari-
ous departments mentioned above will be grouped under what will be
known as the Federal Security Agency headed by a presidential ap-
pointee at $12,000 per annum. He would in all probability be a layman.
It is not likely that the Association will oppose the President's Reor-
ganization plan but instead will call the attention of the people to the
fact that a logical grouping of all health agencies under one department
should be the first step in the interests of efficiency. The ideal would
undoubtedly be a Federal Department of Health with a Secretary in
the Cabinet who is a physician and a first assistant secretary, a dentist.
Whether such a move, at this time, would be successful is beside the
point, for it is my opinion that the profession should be progressive
and stand for the ideal in the situation. There should be no compromise
with the health of the people of the United States, providing changes
are made with professional advice and assistance. It is only in this
manner that real progress can be made and the health of the people
protected. It is my understanding that Government officials, all types
of labor groups and other high pressure organizations will appear before
the Congressional Sub-committee, on Education and Labor, headed by
Senator Murray of Montana, on May 5, 11, 12, 25, and 26, urging the
passage of the Wagner Act, while on the other hand the professional
groups and others will attempt to show its deficiencies. As far as
American dentistry is concerned, it will attempt to hold true to its
Containing the Proceedings 101
professional ideals in this as in every other matter, and "will state the
truth as it sees it.
As stated before the objectives of the legislation are beyond question
but the methods of obtaining them need careful scrutiny.
So I close with an appeal to you to have confidence in your leaders,
and in your Association, and to watch carefully the moves of Govern-
ment as it attempts to extend its activities into your field. Our minds are
open but we would resent with all the force at our command, the entrance
of politics into the realm of health service. I am convinced that most
of the Government officials in Washington are sincere in their efforts
along these lines but it is the future and the changing scenes and per-
sonalities in our political set-up which causes the greatest concern. I
thank you.
President Hale:
Doctor Camalier, you know that we are always glad to have you.
We feel like you are partly "Tar Heel." We certainly enjoyed your fine
presentation and will look forward to seeing you again tonight.
At 4:00 o'clock in this room the House of Delegates will meet.
Has anybody anything to say? If not, the session will stand
adjourned.
Meeting adjourned at 3 :45 p.m.
HOUSE OF DELEGATES
TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION— MAY 2
The Tuesday afternoon session of the House of Delegates convened
at 4:00 o'clock, May 2, 1939, in the Manteo Room of the Sir Walter
Hotel, Raleigh, with the President, Dr. G. Fred Hale, presiding.
President Hale:
The House of Delegates will please come to order and the Secretary
will call the roll.
The Secretary, Dr. Paul Fitzgerald, called the roll and the follow-
ing were present :
G. Fred Hale, President.
Frank O. Alford, President-elect.
C. M. Parks, Vice President.
Paul Fitzgerald, Secretary-Treasurer.
Executive Committee First District
D. L. Pridgen Charles McCall
Ethics Committee Wm. M. Matheson
W. L. McRae E. W. Connell
Board of Dental Examiners S. P. Gay
John L. Ashby Dennis S. Cook
102 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Second District Fourth District
0. R. Hodgin C. W. Sanders
C. A. Barkley J. W. Whitehead
R. E. Spoon H. L. Allen
C. R. Black E. B. Howie
Homer Guion W. W. Rankin
Third District Fifth District
R. W. Brannock W. T. Ralph
W. R. McKaughan H. E. Nixon
A. W. Carver Darden Eure
E. M. Medlin Fred Hunt
Alex R. Stanford G. L. Overman
President Hale:
I now declare a quorum present and the House of Delegates open
for the discussion of any business to come before it.
Dr. E. B. Howie:
I suppose the reports are in order.
President Hale:
Yes.
Dr. Howie:
Mr. President and Gentlemen: This is the report of the Commercial
Relations Committee.
REPORT OF COMMERCIAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE
Mr. President :
The Commercial Relations Committee begs leave to report the conviction
that much good has been accomplished by total inactivity and that conditions
no longer warrant the existence of this Committee. We, therefore, recommend
its discontinuance.
Respectfully submitted,
R. F. Jarrett,
Z. L. Edwards.
E. B. Howlb, Chairman.
President Hale:
You have heard the report of the Committee. What is your wishes ?
Motion made and seconded that report be accepted.
Vote taken and carried.
Dr. Howie:
I'd like to give the report of the Extension Course Committee.
Containing the Proceedings 103
REPORT OP THE EXTENSION COURSE COMMITTEE
Mr. President :
The Extension Course Committee begs leave to report that, in view of an
apparent lack of interest in an Extension Course during the past year,
this Committee has failed to function.
Respectfully submitted,
W. F. Bell,
J. A. McClung.
T. W. Atwood,
H. K. Thompson,
E. B. Howle, Chairman.
President Hale:
You have heard the report of the Committee. What will be your
pleasure ?
Motion made and seconded that report be received. Vote taken and
carried.
Dr. Howie:
I'd like to give the report of the Legislative Committee.
REPORT OF THE LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE
Mr. President :
Your Legislative Committee beg leave to report that although we have main-
tained contact with the Legislative Committee of the A.D.A., nothing of impor-
tance has transpired in this connection other than the receipt of information
that the final ruling of the courts sustains the cease and desist order in the
Heninger Case. This does not mean the immediate end of mail order plates,
inasmuch as, the Government, cannot prosecute these cases collectively, but
it furnishes a precedent for the handling of other individual cases which
assuredly will soon follow. The end is near.
Your Committee desires to express its appreciation to Dr. Z. L. Edwards,
member of the House of Representatives in the recent Legislature, for his
efforts and cooperation in keeping us posted as to the introduction and
progress of legislation of interest to the dental profession. We wish also to
acknowledge our indebtedness to Mr. I. M. Bailey for timely and valuable
legal advice.
Two matters of importance have come to the attention of this Committee.
The first was a bill, S. B. No. 88, introduced in the Senate by Senator
Prince which provided for a uniform procedure for the revocation of a
license by all boards created in North Carolina "for the purpose of regu-
lating trades, professions or lawful callings" including, of course, the North
Carolina State Board of Dental Examiners. This Bill, if enacted into law,
would have curtailed the efficiency of the present dental law in that it pro-
vided that a licensee deprived of license might appeal to the Superior Court
and receive there a trial De Novo.
Your Committee immediately expressed its opposition to the bill and
applied to Judiciary Committee, No. 2 for a hearing.
In the meantime, Mr. Bailey contacted Senator Prince and found that it
was not his (Senator Prince's) desire to effect any change in the dental law,
104 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
but to provide a uniform procedure for certain boards for which no ade-
quate procedure existed at that time. "With the assistance of Mr. Bailey, a
substitute bill was drawn which in no manner affects the Dental Examining
Board and was enacted into law.
The second matter which came up for serious consideration was the ques-
tion of incorporating the North Carolina Dental Society.
The Executive Committee of the North Carolina Dental Society in Greens-
boro on August 21, 1938, passed a motion, subject to approval by the Legisla-
tive Committee that the North Carolina Dental Society be incorporated
recommending that Mr. I. M. Bailey be retained as legal adviser. It appears
that Mr. Bailey, when first approached in regard to the matter and before
he had studied the proposition in its full legal relation to the Board of
Dental Examiners, approved the matter.
The impression prevailing, at that time, among the dental profession
was that the legal procedure regarding incorporation was very simple and
that members of the incorporated society would be protected against counter
suit which might be brought by vengeful defendants as a result of prose-
cution or testimony by officers or members of the Society.
As a matter of fact it was found, on closer study, that the procedure of
incorporation would be quite complicated involving considerable expense
($150.00 to $200.00). Application must be made to the Legislature for a
charter. After granting of the charter, a meeting of the incorporators must
be held for the purpose of organization under the terms of the charter.
After that, a transfer of membership from the old society into the new must
be effected as regards each individual. All of this would take time and
would require that the matter be prolonged, at least, 'till another session of
the Legislature.
It was found further that anticipated protection would not be effected,
"Whether the Society be incorporated or not, a person may bring suit against
a member and if it be shown that said member has been guilty of malice,
either in prosecution or testimony, such a member is subject to orders of
the Court.
Protection of members of the Board of Dental Examiners and of mem-
bers of the North Carolina Dental Society was given special consideration
when the dental law was redrafted in 1935. "We are convinced that incor-
poration would not increase the protection which exists at the present time.
Furthermore, in case of incorporation, the dental law would have to be
amended to the extent of converting North Carolina Dental Society wherever
it appears to North Carolina Dental Society, Incorporated. The Board of
Dental Examiners would have to be endorsed anew in order to perfect legal
relations between that body and the new Society. There might arise a
time between incorporation of the North Carolina Dental Society and verifi-
cation of board members in which the board might find itself without legal
status.
After due consideration of the difficulties and apparent disagreeable pos-
sibilities and in view of the fact that little or nothing would be gained, Mr.
Bailey has advised against incorporation. Your Committee recommends that
his council be adopted.
Respectfully submitted,
J. N. Johnson,
R. M. Oi.ive,
A. S. BUMGARDNER,
W. H. Chapman,
E. B. Howie, Chairman.
Containing the Proceedings 105
President Hale:
Gentlemen, you have heard the report of the Legislative Committee.
What is your pleasure?
Motion made and seconded that the report be adopted.
Vote taken and carried.
President Hale:
Any other Committee reports? I recognize Dr. Jennette.
Dr. Jennette:
The Committee appointed to study the advisability of paying a part
or all of the expenses of the delegates to the American Dental Associa-
tion and of the Secretary-Treasurer to the meetings of the State Offi-
cer's Association which I believe is an anuual meeting.
This Committee recommends :
That the North Carolina Dental Society defray the railroad and
Pullman expenses of the four delegates to the annual meeting of the
American Dental Association and the railroad and Pullman expenses
of the Secretary to the meeting of the State Officers' Association in
Chicago each year.
At no time shall the total expenses exceed $500.
Dr. J. 1ST. Johnson,
Dr. W. P. Bell,
Dr. C. "W. Sanders,
Dr. J. M. Fleming,
Dr. R. F. Jarrett.
President Hale:
May I ask a question on that, Dr. Jennette? In case at any time the
expense did exceed $500, who should be paid and who should not be
paid?
Dr. Jennette:
The Committee had in mind it would be prorated among the five
delegates, including the Secretary and Treasurer to take the part in
$500 prorated according to the amount it would cost.
President Hale:
If we are to act on this Committee report, I think that should be
definite. It should be definitely included in that, not what you had in
mind.
Dr. W. R. McKaughan:
Does he recommend that the North Carolina Dental Society appro-
priate $500?
106 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Dr. Jennette:
We considered the fact that this year the meeting might be on this
coast and the expenses of our Delegates would amount to $40 or $50.
Next year it might go to San Francisco and the expenses would be
about $125. We tried to keep that in mind and not to allow the Society
to pay more than $500, it to be distributed equally among the five Dele-
gates. If that is not exactly plain, I'd be glad to explain it a little
better.
Dr. R. W. Brannock:
What about clinicians? That did not include anything toward clini-
cians ?
President Hale:
No, sir. As I understand Dr. Jennette's report now we pay the ex-
penses of three or four delegates, their railroad and Pullman fare, to
the national meeting and also the railroad and Pullman fare of the
Secretary-Treasurer, provided they do not exceed $500. In case they do
exceed $500, the amount is prorated.
Gentlemen, you have heard the report of this Committee. What is
your pleasure ?
Dr. Fred Hunt:
I move that the report be adopted.
Dr. Pitt Beam:
I second that motion.
Dr. D. L. Pridgen:
Mr. President, I feel that this is a proposition which is frought with
a great many dangers. If you will investigate into past history of the
Society, you will find that once upon a time this Society paid the ex-
penses of the delegates to the American Dental Association and it
found it was unworkable, that it almost broke the Society. Now I feel
that under our present system, we will get better representation in the
American Dental Association than if this proposition is adopted. If
it is made known that the Society will pay the expenses of the dele-
gate to the American Dental Association, it will immediately make it
attractive to those persons who may desire to go and there will be more
or less, you might say, a political scramble for the position of delegate.
Furthermore, as one of my friends in a neighboring state has said, it
was always true and it will continue to be true that those who are worth
anything to the advancement of the profession will be willing to give
both time and labor and money to the advancement of the profession.
Now, my friend, Dr. Brannock, has just raised a question — would
clinicians' expenses be paid? That immediately opens other ques-
Containing the Proceedings * 107
tions. Whether clinicians be paid at the American Dental Associa-
tion— the the same question might be raised as to officers of the State
Society, members of the Executive Committee, Program and Clinic
committees, Directors who are called upon to meet during the year.
Fellows, I am just afraid you are getting into something that will wreck
the Society. We have labored hard to build up a little reserve in the
Society, and I, for one, would hate very much to see that pass. I'd like
forcibly to express my opposition.
Dr. Me dl in:
I want to endorse the sentiment of Dr. Pridgen. I think it would be
a very fine thing if we were able, if Ave were in a financial position.
This Committee speaks of $500 like I'd speak of $5.00. Five hundred
dollars is a lot of money. I don't know how long we could carry on.
We have to consider the membership of the Society. We don't want to
jeopardize the financial condition of the Society by this outlay of money.
Another thing, I think we must take into consideration — the men who
are attending the American Dental Association are getting a great
deal of personal good out of it and I don't feel like Ave should pay their
expenses. We can get plenty of other men to attend the meetings and
who will pay their own way.
Dr. Jennette:
Mr. President, do I have the privilege of the floor?
President Hale:
Yes.
Dr. Jennette :
Dr. Pridgen, I think your suggetion is well taken. I think you have
given it some thought but I might say that I personally feel that you
are a little bit wrong there. I think that we owe it to our delegates. We
can't expect our delegates to go there and be present at all the meetings
of the House of Delegates when they can't attend any of the meetings of
the clinics or lectures that are given. It is true that we have had very
fine representatives of the state to represent us in our American meet-
ings but if you think a few minutes there are a good many other men
who are equally as capable if not more so, as those that have
been representing us. Those men that have been represent-
ing us are able to go. I remember on two or three occa-
sions there were men nominated who jumped up and said, "I am sorry,
but I can't go," and their reasons were they didn't feel like they could
afford to go. i am not asking that the Society pay the entire expenses
of the men but I think when you pay a man's expenses you are pay-
ing that man to represent your Society and that man, I have the feeling,
will do everything in his power to represent the Society as it should
108 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
be represented and he will be at every single meeting that is called.
I believe that in that way we will strengthen our representation in the
American Dental Association and that is what we want. Coming down
to the expense of it, I may not be exactly right, but I think I may tell
you that the North Carolina Dental Society has in the past three years
accumulated — if I am wrong I'll ask the Secretary to correct me —
accumulated $1,000 a year over and above expenses. Five hundred dol-
lars wouldn't hurt us. In fact, the representation that we would get
from that amount of money would be worth a great deal more than it is
costing the Society to pay those expenses.
President Hale:
Any further discussion,
Br. Fred Hunt:
Gentlemen, when the matter was presented to me, my first view was
the one which Dr. Pridgen so aptly put before you. I felt that a man
given this honor should not be expected to have his expenses paid. Upon
more serious thought, I realized through conversation with members
who have been to the American Association as members of the House of
Delegates, that you can't go there just one year and get any repre-
sentation. You have got to have a man who will probably go back
year after year if we hope to get anything accomplished as a state, if
North Carolina expects to compete with New York and other states,
we have got to have a man, not a good man, but the very best men
we can possibly get. If a man takes time from his office and goes to the
American meeting and attends these meetings of the House of Dele-
gates, he is not going to be able to get very much from the meeting,
from the practical side of the clinics and the programs. I do not see
how it will hurt the Society to reimburse these men. We will not be
paying for the time, just part of their expenses that they pay out from
year to year to go there. You recall yesterday when I seconded Dr.
Jennette's motion I asked for an amendment — that was to pay it so
long as it would not in any way damage the financial standing of the
Society. Any time this is being done, I would be one of the first to feel
that we should revoke it. I feel that we owe it to the members whom we
select to at least pay railroad and Pullman fare.
President Hale:
Any further discussion?
Br. W. F. Bell (Asheville) :
Mr. Chairman, and Members of the House of Delegates: We dis-
cussed this thing thoroughly. It was not our intention to recklessly
recommend expenditures of the Society's funds but the importance of
a delegate cannot be overestimated to the Society. We don't need men
Containing the Proceedings 109
that can go one year or two but men that can keep on going year after
year over a long period of time where they can build up a background
and the men who represent the North Carolina Dental Society in the
House of Delegates are not going to get an opportunity to attend the
clinics. They are going there for work and we felt if they were going to
represent the Society and going to do that work for the Society, that
we should perhaps reimburse them to the extent of their railroad fare.
We do not recommend that we pay the entire expenses of these delegates
but we do feel that paying the expenses of the railroad ticket would at
least encourage a man to give the greatest effort toward carrying out
the duties of the delegate. I believe that if the organization continues
to have a balance in the bank that we could lay aside this amount of
money. Ordinarily, it would not take $500. I believe the average ex-
penditure would be around $65 apiece, but we had to put a limitation
somewhere so we put it $500 in case the meeting was called in a far
western state. Now the Secretary — it is quite essential that he go to
the Officers' meetings and we felt that his expenses should be paid. We
were all unanimous on that and after some discussion some of us
weakened on the proposition of paying the full expenditures of the
delegates and decided to pay the railroad expenses which I think is as
little as this organization could do for those men who contemplate giv-
ing their time.
President Hale:
Any further discussion?
Dr. C. M. Parks:
Mr. President, one other point, that has occurred to me. Dr. Jen-
nette's eommittee put a limit of $500 on it. Now except in the instances
where possibly the meeting is held in California or some far western
state, it won't take $500, every year and in that instance — in other
words, it wouldn't cost the State Society $500 every year. I am not
committing myself one way or the other as to whether it is feasible
or not.
Dr. Jennette:
May I answer that?
Dr. Jennette:
Doctor, it will not ever exceed $500. If the expense is $200, that is
all the Society pays. If it goes beyond $500, the Society only pays $500
of the amount.
President Hale:
Any further discussion?
110 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Dr. Pridgen:
Mr. President, just one other point I'd like to make. After all, North
Carolina is not so far out of line with the great majority of states in
regard to this matter. The letter read from Dr. Lynch on yesterday
stated 33 states out of the Union paid nothing to their delegates. I,
personally, feel that if this Society has built up such a surplus in the
Treasury that it can afford to pay the expenses of the delegates to the
American Dental Association, instead, it had better reduce the dues to
its members.
Audience:
Amen.
Dr. Cook:
I would just like to know here, as a matter of fact just what our
surplus is. Have we built up a surplus and is it sufficient to pay these
expenses ?
President Hale:
Doctor, we have a surplus but I don't think it is the intention of the
Committee to go into the surplus. As a matter of fact, we have a limi-
tation where one administration cannot spend any more money than
it takes in for the current year, so the reserve we have built up has
nothing to do with this.
Any further discussion ? Are you ready for the question ?
All in favor of this, make it known by standing, please. (Count of
three.) All opposed, please stand. (Count of nineteen.) Three in favor
and nineteen against.
Any further reports?
Secretary Fitzgerald:
Dr. Branch had to go to Greensboro today to attend a meeting of the
Officers of the Board of Health and he handed me the report of the
Oral Hygiene Committee.
Dr. Fitzgerald read the report for the Committee.
REPORT OF ORAL HYGIENE COMMITTEE
National attention was attracted to the Dental Program of the North
Carolina State Board of Health by the Mouth Health Education exhibit
which won the first award at the meeting of the American Dental Associa-
tion in St. Louis last October. This exhibit was a miniature classroom with
a dentist at the blackboard teaching Mouth Health to a group of children.
This group of children represented approximately 200,000 children that will
be taught in their classrooms by the thirty dentists on the staff of the Divi-
sion of Oral Hygiene during this school year.
In this exhibit there were sample sheets of our educational follow-up
material that the dentists leave with the teachers. There were also copies of
Containing the Proceedings 111
the news releases which are incorporated in the mimeographed school news-
papers and which go into about 30,000 homes every two weeks.
Perhaps the greatest achievement for the year is the completion of the
Bibliography of Health Materials which has been worked out in conjunction
with the Department of Education of the University of North Carolina and
is being made available, without cost, to the teachers.
The dentists on the staff of the Division of Oral Hygiene have inspected
the mouths of approximately 175,000 school children between the ages of
six and thirteen. Of these, they have done the necessary dental work for
about 70,800 underprivileged children and have referred the others who
were in need and of dental attention to their family dentists.
In addition to their teaching in the classrooms the dentists on the staff
have lectured to Civic Clubs, Parent-Teacher Associations and other groups.
The Division of Oral Hygiene expects to conduct its School of Public Health
Dentistry at the University of North Carolina again this summer.
Respectfully submitted,
Ernest A. Branch, Chairman.
President Hale:
You have heard the report. What is your pleasure?
Dr. Whitehead:
I move its adoption.
Dr. Rankin:
I second the motion for its adoption.
Vote taken and motion carried.
President Hale:
Any further Committee reports?
Secretary Fitzgerald:
I have the report of the Socio-Economics Committee of the North
Carolina Dental Society. This was submitted by Dr. Hunt because he
would be absent from the meeting.
Dr. Fitzgerald read the report.
SOCIO-ECONOMICS COMMITTEE
Your Socio-Economics Committee wishes to report that very little activity
has taken place in the state since our report of last year except as is shown
in our report to the Economics Committee of the A.D.A. in February 1939.
A copy of that report is attached.
District 5 North Carolina F. L. Hunt.
General conditions are good.
Wake County, in which is located the city of Raleigh, has a complete plan
for dental health education, under the County Board of Health. The director
of the Department of Oral Hygiene is responsible for:
1. Examination of all public school children and notification to parents
of work needed.
112 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
2. Rendering emergency service to inmates of the county home, tuberculosis
hospital and county jail.
3. Provide dental service to children of families on relief up to thirteen
years of age. No child can receive service without a written statement from
the County Welfare Department.
The Raleigh Dental Society Health Service renders emergency dental care
to the indigent of Wake County. All patients are referred by authorized
social service societies. All fees are in accordance with the fee schedule
proposed by the State Relief Administration and agreed to by the N. C.
Dental Society. All fees paid for the work are retained by the Society and
used to provide more relief work. This fund has been used to equip a Dental
Operating Room at the Rex Hospital in Raleigh. This room is open to all
ethical dentists and is assigned just as is any surgical operation room in any
hospital. The plan seems to be very good and shows that a great deal of
emergency and relief work is being done by the profession for which the
dentists are receiving no remuneration.
I believe your Committee should formulate a plan to provide care for the
indigent and perhaps the low income groups. Make it definite and be pre-
pared to fight for it."
Your Committee is now engaged in making a survey of the dental needs
of adults in the state. We are interested chiefly, in the dental needs of
adults, both male and female, who are on relief or who are working for one
of the alphabetical agencies.
Respectfully submitted,
F. L. Hunt, Chairman Socio-Economics Committee.
President Hale:
Gentlemen, you have heard the report of the Socio-Economics Com-
mittee. What is your pleasure?
Dr. Howie:
Mr. President, what does this mean — that we accept this report.
It seems to contain some right alarming statements to me.
President Hale:
This last paragraph certainly opens a question as to what the intent
is, "I believe your Committee should formulate a plan to provide care
for the indigent and perhaps the low income groups. Make it definite
and he prepared to fight for it."
Dr. Howie:
Does that mean if we vote to accept that report that we are to adopt
the plan?
Secretary Fitzgerald:
I am of the opinion that the Socio-Economics Committee is merely
making a suggestion in this. That is my opinion.
President Hale:
If you adopt his suggestion, you are more or less adopting his plan,
as I see it.
Containing the Proceedings 113
Dr. Ewe:
I don't know whether they had studied it to any great extent. It
seems vague to most of us. I'd like to suggest that perhaps a committee
be appointed to investigate.
President Hale:
This is the report of the Socio-Economies Committee.
Dr. Exire:
I withdraw my suggestion.
Dr. Howie:
It looks like lots of dynamite there to me. I am teetotally opposed
to a program of taking care of the indigent of the state. I move that
we reject that part of the report.
President Hale:
Do you move to accept the report but do not have to abide by its
findings ?
Dr. Howie:
That would suit me.
Dr. Guion :
What it is going to mean is that you will accept the report as infor-
mation only.
Dr. Howie:
I accept that suggestion.
President Hale:
You have heard the motion that we accept the report as information
only.
Dr. Alford:
I second that motion.
President II ale:
Any discussion ?
Vote taken and motion carried.
President II ale:
Any other reports?
Dr. A. Pitt Beam:
This is a resolution relative to the increase in American Dental
Association dues.
114 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
A RESOLUTION RELATIVE TO THE INCREASE IN A.D.A. DUES
"Whereas, the House of Delegates of the American Dental Association
will be required to vote on the proposal of a two dollar increase in dues
to the American Dental Association as provided in an amendment submitted
at the annual session of the American Dental Association held in St. Louis,
in October 1938, and
Whereas, the members of the American Dental Association House of
Delegates representing the North Carolina State Dental Association should
be informed as to the desires of the members of the North Carolina State
Dental Association relative to the contemplated raise in dues, and
Therefore, Be It Resolved, That the Resolutions Committee in view of the
present status of dentistry in the United States, realize that the American
Dental Association should have an increase in funds available to carry on
the proposed program.
However, looking toward the best interests of the North Carolina State
Dental Society, we do not favor the increasing of the dues at this time.
Respectfully submitted,
A. Pitt Beam,
J. S. Spurgeon,
L. J. Moore,
E. M. Medlin.
Dr. Bumgardner:
I move the resolution be adopted.
Dr. W. T. Ralph:
I second his motion.
President Hale:
Any discussion ?
Dr. Billy Bell:
I just talked toward spending some funds here and was very un-
favorably received. I hesitate to speak again along those lines. Tbe
American Dental Association does a tremendous work. If they continue
to do this work, they must have funds. If the American Dental Associa-
tion is to carry on with the same increase in the next fifteen years in the
advancement of dental progress as has taken place the previous fifteen
years, they will need greater funds. We cannot expect to progress, we
cannot expect to carry on a department of research, Bureau of Stand-
ards and this Council on Therapeutics, Educational Council— there are
a whole lot of projects that the American Dental Association is trying
to carry on and to have funds to do that, they will have to increase the
dues $2.00. They dipped into the Treasury, I believe, more than $20,000
this year. That was to cover the expenses of an exhibit at the Frisco Ex-
position and at the New York Exposition. We won't have that expense
next year but we will have additional expenses for your Council on Educa-
tion, Council on Therapeutics, and $2 is not going to mean so very much
Containing the Proceedings 115
to each individual man. With the $2 the American Dental Association
contemplates issuing additional Journals dealing with the technical side
of dentistry and the other with the scientific side. Articles read before
the American Dental Association at one meeting are unable to be
published until about a year they are running so far behind with their
publications so $2 won't mean so very much to any one person but it
will mean a tremendous amount for the American Dental Association
when totaled and I believe that every member will get in return far
more than just the $2 in value for the $2 expended.
President Hale:
The resolution is not to increase the dues. If there is no further
discussion, all in favor of the resolution, please vote "aye." Opposed,
"no." (Two no's.)
Any further reports?
Dr. W. W. Pankin:
I have a report that doesn't require financial discussion, I believe.
In the latter part of February the General Arrangements Committee met
with the various committees to formulate plans for the 65th annual con-
vention of the North Carolina Dental Society in Raleigh.
The Program Committee made a careful study of the ways and means of
putting on a program that would be educational, entertaining, and in keep-
ing with the organization. This Committee has been successful in securing
quite a number of outstanding clinicians in the Dental profession.
The Hotel Sir Walter was secured as headquarters for the meeting.
Various members of the General Arrangements Committee provided for the
necessary clinical equipment.
Dr. Royster, as Chairman of the Entertainment Committee, arranged a
program for the ladies, such as a bridge party, a sight-seeing tour of the
city, etc. He also made arrangements for a very delightful banquet followed
by a dance in the Virginia Dare Ballroom.
The Golf Committee saw to it that the members of our organization who
think they can play golf had a wonderful opportunity to display their skill
on the golf course at the Carolina Country Club. Prizes for the best score
were presented at the banquet.
On behalf of the General Arrangements Committee I wish to thank the
members of the local society, their wives, the donors of prizes, all commit-
tees, and individuals, who had any part in making this a very successful
meeting.
Respectfully submitted,
W. W. Rankin, Chairman,
General Arrangements Committee.
President Hale:
Gentlemen, in voting on this — do I hear a motion for adoption?
Dr. Alford:
I move it be adopted.
116
Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
President Hale :
Before we vote — it doesn't cost anybody a nickel in the Society.
Vote taken and motion carried.
President Hale:
Any more Committee reports?
Dr. Sheffield:
This report is of the Editor-Publisher for 1938-1939.
Cash in Guilford National Bank, July 22, 193S ..$ 91.10
1938 Receipts Prom Advertisements
Aug. 2t7. Refund from State Sec. for 800 envelopes
Proceedings issue of the Bulletin 10.65
Oct. 14. Corega Chemical Co 7.84
Merrimon Insurance Agency 8.00
R. & R. Dental Laboratory 15.00
Raleigh Dental Laboratory 25.00
Rothstein Dental Laboratory 15.00
Powers & Anderson Dental Company 25.00
Woodward Prosthetic Co. 25.00
Keener Dental Company 15.00
Thompson Dental Company 25.00
Harris Dental Company 25.00
Oct. 27. Greensboro Dental Laboratory 8.00
Pycope Incorporated 24.50
Nov. 14. Noble Dental Laboratory 8.00
Fleming Dental Laboratory 15.00
Dec. 29. Charlotte Dental Laboratory 25.00
1939
Jan. 24. R. & R. Dental Laboratory 8.00
Central Dental Laboratory 8.00
Thompson Dental Company 25.00
Merrimon Insurance Agency 8.00
Jan. 27. Woodward Prosthetic Company 25.00
Feb. 6. Corega Chemical Company 7.84
Feb. 7. Raleigh Dental Laboratory 25.00
Feb. 14. Keener Dental Supply Company 25.00
Powers & Anderson Dental Company 25.00
Rothstein Dental Laboratory 15.00
J. Bird Moyer Company 8.00
Feb. 22. North State Laboratory (1938 account) 8.00
Mar. 3. Charlotte Dental Laboratory 25.00
Mar. 14. S & W Cafeteria 8.00
Bland Hotel 8.00
Horton Dental Laboratory 8.00
Spakes Dental Laboratory 8.00
Mar. 16. Fleming Dental Laboratory 15.00
Buran's Dental Laboratory 25.00
Apr. 13. Woodward Prosthetic Company 25.00
Raleigh Dental Laboratory 25.00
Powers & Anderson Dental Company 25.00
Containing the Proceedings
117
Apr. 15.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
May
May
May
May
July
18.
20.
24.
28.
11.
15.
19.
31.
6.
Rothstein Dental Laboratory $ 15.00
R. & R. Dental Laboratory 8.00
Carolina Dental Supply 8.00
Merrimon Insurance Agency 8.00
Thompson Dental Company 25.00
Austenal Laboratories, Inc 25.00
Fleming Dental Laboratory 25.00
Corega Chemical Company 8.00
Harris Dental Supply Company 25.00
Ray-Lyon Dental Company 25.00
Washington Dental Laboratory - — 25.00
Sir Walter Hotel 25.00
Weber Dental Manufacturing Company 15.00
Miller Dental Laboratory 8.00
Sir Walter Hotel Garage 8.00
Central Dental Laboratory. 8.00
Rogers Brothers 8.00
Carolina Hotel Company .. 8.00
Keener Dental Supply Company 25.00
Cooperative Dental Laboratory 25.00
Noble Dental Laboratory 8.00
1938
Aug. 15.
Aug. 17.
Aug.
19.
Aug.
30.
Oct.
3.
Oct.
13.
Nov.
1.
Nov.
10.
Nov.
25.
Nov.
25.
Dec.
16.
1939
Jan.
16.
Jan.
28.
Jan.
28.
Feb.
4.
March
1.
March
April
7.
April
14.
April
27.
April 13.
Disbursements 1938-39
J. W. Coleman, Postmaster, Mailing Proceed-
ings - $ 7.50
Fisher Printing Co., second sheets, carbon
paper, etc - 3.55
Stamps and Postal Cards 3.25
Postmaster, Stamps 3.00
Postmaster. Stamps for statements, returning
Photos. 3.00
Manning Engraving Co., Cuts, October issue.. 26.77
Fisher Printing Co., October issue.- 244.50
Dr. H. B. Pinney, 800 Dental Relief Seals 8.00
Stamps and Postal Cards 3.25
S. T. Wyrick Co. Duplicator for Postal Cards.. 8.76
Manning Engravers, Zinc Cut 2.59
Postmaster, Deposit for mailing January Issue
Bulletin 5.00
Postmaster, Stamps 3.00
Dr. O. W. Brandhorst, Dues 1939, A.A.D.E 5.00
Telephone and Telegraph 16.35
Fisher Printing Co., January Issue Bulletin.. 200.00
Fisher Printing, Balance on January issue 70.00
Cash, stamps, mailing cuts, statements 5.00
Manning Engravers, Cuts, April issue 25.63
Postmaster, Deposit, Balance on mailing April
Bulletin 1.13
Fisher Printing Company 32.23
$1,062.93
118 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
May 24. Fisher Printing Company $ 294.33
May 25. E. P. Goeghegan, Box Carbon Paper 1.60
Bank Charges 1.00
$ 974.34
Cash in Guilford National Bank July 1, 1939 88.59
Uncollected Accounts
1939 Vaught Dental Laboratory $ 8.00
April Hotel Raleigh 8.00
President Hale:
Gentlemen, you have heard the report of the Editor-Publisher. What
is your pleasure?
Dr. Sanders:
I move it be received.
Dr. Black:
I second the motion.
Vote taken and carried.
President Hale:
Dr. Sheffield, I think it carries with it the thanks of this organiza-
tion for your very fine work. (Applause.)
Any further committee reports?
Dr. Brannock :
I want to report for the Clinic Board of Censors. The Clinic Board of Cen-
sors found the clinics of a high type, and a credit to the Society and after con-
sideration of the different clinics decided the following should represent the
North Carolina Dental Society at the American Dental Association meeting
in Milwaukee.
Drs. Ralph D. Coffey, and
Ralph L. Falls, Morganton
Dr. A. C. Current, Gastonia
Dr. K. L. Johnson, Raleigh
Drs. Theodore W. Attwood and
Norman Ross, Durham
Dr. L. F. Bumgardner, Charlotte
Respectfully submitted,
Guy M. Mastin,
R. W. Brannock,
J. J. Tew,
J. H. Smith,
R. C. Weaver.
President Hale:
Gentlemen, you have heard the report of this Committee. What is
your pleasure?
your pleasure?
Containing the Proceedings 119
Dr. Whitehead:
I move we accept it.
Dr. Rankin :
I second the motion.
President Hale:
It has been moved and seconded that the report of the Committee be
accepted. All in favor, please vote "aye." Opposed, "no."
Any further Committee reports?
Dr. Daniel T. Carr:
I have the report of the State Institutions Committee.
REPORT OF STATE INSTITUTIONS COMMITTEE
Your State Institutions Committee respectfully submits the following
report :
So far as your committee can determine, the following institutions have
whole-time dentists:
State Hospital, Raleigh; State Sanatorium, Sanatorium; State Hospital,
Goldsboro.
Those having part-time dentists or dental work being taken care of by
dentists in nearby towns are:
State Prison, Raleigh; Samarcand Manor, Eagle Springs; State Hospital,
Morganton; Orthopedic Hospital, Gastonia; School for Deaf and Dumb,
Morganton; State Farm Colony, Kinston; Caswell Training School, Kinston.
Those being taken care of by the State Board of Health are:
Jackson Training School, Concord; Eastern Training School, Rocky Mount;
State School for Blind, Raleigh.
The following institutions report dental services not adequate:
State Hospital, Morganton; State Prison, Raleigh.
The committee would like to recommend that dental work in these latter
institutions be taken care of in some way.
Also, the committee feels that considering the modern office space being
constructed at the State Hospital in Goldsboro, and that the dental equip-
ment now in use is wholly inadequate and unfit for modern dental use we
recommend:
That the dental equipment be modernized along with the medical equip-
ment.
We further recommend that the services of dentists' employed by State
Institutions be limited to inmates, and that his salary be raised at least to
that of the lowest paid physician.
Respectfully submitted,
Daniel T. Carr, Chairman,
Herbert Spear,
I. H. HOYLE,
J. H. Wheeler,
C. A. Pless.
President Hale:
Gentlemen, you have heard the report of this Committee. What is
your pleasure?
120 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Br. Alford:
I move it be adopted.
Br. Bumgardner :
I second the motion.
Bresident Hale:
Any discussion on it? If there is no discussion, all in favor of it,
please vote "aye." Opposed, "no." The motion is carried. Thank you,
Dr. Carr.
Bresident Hale:
If there is no further business to come before this sesson of the
House of Delegates, it will stand adjourned.
BANQUET— TUESDAY EVENING, 6 :30
SIR WALTER HOTEL
Invocation by Dr. H. E. Spencer, Duke University: For friendship,
for fellowship, for the many joys and pleasures in our daily lives, our
Heavenly Father, we are grateful. Grant us Thy gracious presence at
this dinner. Help us to rededicate ourselves anew to the service of
mankind, for Christ's sake. Amen.
Bresident Hale:
Mr. Theodore Johnson will act as Toastmaster for the evening.
Toast/master Johnson:
Will Dr. Victor Bell come to the microphone?
Dr. Victor Bell:
Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and Gentlemen : I have already been warned
by Fred Hale to make it short and snappy. I promised that I would.
But I have got him where I want him and will say whatever I please
whether he likes it or not. So many times have I heard him say, "Any-
thing that is worth doing at all is worth doing the best that it can be
done." In his life and in his work any job that he has to do, no matter
how large or how small, it is done the best it is humbly possible for him
to do it. When we made him President-elect of this Society he did that
job the best that it could be done and then when he became President
he did that job with the same enthusiasm and determination to do it
well and he has left no stone unturned to make this meeting a success.
And so, Fred, for your fine service and loyalty, I have the honor of
presenting this past president's emblem to you from the members of the
North Carolina Dental Society as a token of our appreciation, love and
Containing the Proceedings 121
friendship, of which, I am sure you are justly proud. You will accept
it and wear it I know with all the honor and dignity that it symbolizes.
(Applause.)
President Hale:
Mr. Toastmaster, Dr. Bell, Members of the North Carolina Dental
Society and Guests : I realize that occasions of this kind call for just
such talks as Dr. Bell has made and I am glad, of course, that he did
not deviate from tradition too much. He represented what I would
like to be and not what I am. I know my labors in the North Carolina
Dental Society for the past year are not distinguished by marks of great
achievement but I do know that I have made a sincere effort. I accept
the token as an incentive to work on as diligently as I can the rest of
my life and the best that I can. I thank you from the bottom of my
heart.
Toastmaster Johnson:
I am very happy tonight to present Dr. C. Willard Camalier, Past
President of the American Dental Association, whom I am sure has an
interesting message for us. Dr. J. Martin Fleming please come
forward.
Dr. Camalier:
Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and Gentlemen, I am here tonight to per-
form a function which is a great pleasure to me to attempt to do. I
don't know why I have been selected to do this except as I have stated
already I feel that I must be connected with the North Carolina Dental
Society. Being past president of the American Dental Association,
naturally, we are all held together by a very common bond. When I
came this morning — by train — I didn't come by plane — the first thing
that struck me was the very fine atmosphere here concerning something
accomplished by one of your great men. I refer to this fine publication
by Dr. Martin Fleming, the History of Dentistry in North Carolina.
I have seen the book. He has very kindly presented me with a copy.
I haven't had a chance to read it thoroughly but it looks like a very
fine masterpiece. He not only performed a service to the Society of
North Carolina — we know he is a Rock of Gibraltar in the organization.
Organizations of this kind always have someone upon whom they can
depend. Dr. Fleming is this type of man in dentistry. He has not only
done something for North Carolina but for the dentists throughout the
United States.
Dr. Fleming, your confreres here and your friends who love you so
much in North Carolina make you a slight presentation as a token of
what you have done for your profession in the past, so I'd like to read
this to you and to the assembled guests : "Dr. John Martin Fleming,
D.D.S., F.A.C.D. For distinguished service to the dental profession
122 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
in North Carolina, as a member of the profession and as historian of
the Society. This scroll is affectionately presented by the North Caro-
lina Dental Society and is signed by the Executive Committee, Pres-
ident and Secretary. This the 2nd day of May 1939."
Dr. Fleming, I present this to you with the love and respect of your
confreres and also the American Dental Association. (Applause.)
Dr. Fleming:
Dr. Camalier, I don't know anyone whom I would appreciate it
coming from more than through your hands. I appreciate the friend-
ship of the friends who have made it possible for you to present this.
I thank you from the bottom of my heart. (Applause.)
BUSINESS MEETING, EIGHT O'CLOCK TUESDAY EVENING
The General Business Session of the North Carolina Dental Society
was called to order in the Manteo Eoom of the Sir Walter Hotel at eight
o'clock Tuesday evening, May 2, 1939, by the President, Dr. G. Fred
Hale.
President Hale:
I wish first to announce the Election Committee: Dr. J. A. Sinclair,
Dr. D. T. Carr, Dr. Burke Fox, Dr. Junius Smith, Dr. Howard Branch,
Dr. S. L. Bobbitt, Dr. O. E. Hodgin ; Dr. Sinclair as Chairman.
The order of business tonight is the election of officers. We are going
to vote, as usual, by the adding machines. You must either show your
badge or your registration card. Is that clear ? Either show your badge
or your registration card or get a certificate from your District Society
Secretary.
Nominations are now in order for President-elect of the North
Carolina Dental Society. I recognize Dr. A. Pitt Beam.
Dr. Beam:
Mr. President, Members of the North Carolina Dental Society, Ladies
and Gentlemen : I would like to put in nomination the name of a man
whom we all know personally, not only personally, but for the work
that he has done in our State Society. He has served well, on every
committee that he has been placed upon, with devotion, he has done
the best he could, he would make a good man on any. type of program,
he has been a good man on the Executive Committee for the past
three years, he has served with distinction and honor, he has served
for the past year as Vice President and I would not hesitate in any
manner whatsoever for I think that Claud Parks will serve us with
honesty, uprightness and justice. Could I say more? I take pleasure
Containing the Proceedings 123
and consider it an honor and a privilege to nominate Dr. Claud Parks,
of Winston-Salein, as President-elect. (Applause.)
Dr. Fred Hunt:
Mr. President : Nineteen years ago I entered Atlanta Southern
Dental College as Freshman. There was a Sophomore there who was
always friendly and helpful to the members of my class. We all liked
him. During my next year, it was my privilege to room in the same
hotel with him. Naturally, I had occasions to see him frequently.
The more I saw of this man the more I liked him. I found him to he
straight forward, an honest, upright student. He was not only a good
student, he was also active in all the activities of the College. He was
thought well of not only by the student body but also by all the members
of the faculty. Upon graduation, this man did not cease activity. He
immediately upon entering into practice linked himself with the Local,
District and State Societies, and he served all those with distinction.
I have known this man, for nineteen years. I have never heard any-
thing from any person except what was good. This man is not an office
seeker. I am not a politician. This is the first time I have ever asked
any man to vote for anybody. It is probably the last time if I live
to be 65, but he is a man if you elect, will take his responsibility serious-
ly and he will carry out the duties of his office as they should be carried
out and he will serve with distinction not only to himself but to the
North Carolina Dental Society. It gives me a great deal of honor and
pleasure to second the nomination of Dr. C. M. Parks.
President Hale:
Dr. E. M. Medlin is recognized.
Dr. Medlin:
Gentleman of the North Carolina Dental Society and Friends : To
start with, I want to pay my respects to Claud Parks. I have no
better friend in the North Carolina Dental Society than Claud Parks
or the friends of mine in the Second District Dental Society. Gentle-
men, the Third District Dental Society, in my mind, should have this
honor. We have been passed up twice and I consider justly so. Dr.
Fred Hale served so ably as Editor Publisher of the Bulletin; Dr.
Alford being long our efficient Secretary, so for two years we have
stepped aside for these men but that is no longer necessary. We have
a man in the Society who deserves this position, a man who is capable
of filling it as well as any man in the State Society. My nominee for
this office is Dr. W. F. Clayton, of High Point. I cannot go and
enumerate all the fine things Dr. Clayton has done for the simple
reason that he has been a loyal member of this organization for 32
years. Dr. Clayton has given clinics all over the country. He has
appeared before the Chicago Mid-winter Clinics, he has appeared be-
124 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
fore the American Dental Association twice, he has appeared before our
State Society and our District Societies several times. He is past
president of the Guilford County Dental Society, past president of
the Third District Dental Society, he has served on the Executive Com-
mittee of the North Carolina Dental Society. All of these positions
that he has held he has filled with great efficiency. Dr. Clayton is a
modest, retiring Gentleman. He stands for all the high ideals of life,
of what we, as dentists, should stand for. I wish every member of this
organization could know Dr. Clayton personally because to know Dr.
Clayton is to love him and honor him. I wish every member of this
Society knew the high esteem in which Dr. Clayton is held by the men
in the Third District and particularly his neighbors in Greensboro
and High Point. He is a man truly of great honor among his neighbors.
I present Dr. Clayton.
President Hale:
I recognize Dr. Phin Horton.
Dr. Horton:
I will grant everything you gentlemen just said about Dr. Clayton.
He is a fine gentleman and all that. I want to say this — I have known
Claud Parks many, many years. He was a contemporary of Ham.
Horton whom probably some of you recall. He was with him quite a
while. He has practiced in the same building with me for a number
of years. We are neighbors. We practice in a neighborly sort of way.
When one runs out of something, we don't hesitate to go and borrow
from the other. I want to say he is a square shooter. He always
works for the good of the Society. Any time you want to call on him
for anything that pertains to the good of the North Carolina Dental
Society, you may call on Claud Parks and he will be there with the
goods.
President Hale:
I recognize Dr. J. A. McClung.
Dr. McClung:
Mr. President, Members of the North Carolina Dental Society : I
wish that I were an orator. That, as you know, I am not, although it
is a pleasure to stand before you and make a few remarks in behalf of
Claud Parks. I have known him, like Dr. Horton, ever since I have
practiced dentistry. I have known him to be a square shooter with
every individual with whom he comes in contact. I have worked with
him on various committees. I have ridden with him over miles of road
attending meetings of the North Carolina Dental Society and the Dis-
trict Societies. As Dr. Beam said when he made his nomination, he
has served on practically every Committee in the District and done it
Containing the Proceedings 125
well. He is a hard worker and I want to tell you his heart is with the
North Carolina Dental Society. We have tried to tell you some of his
qualifications. We can't begin to tell you all the qualifications he has.
If you make him President-elect of the North Carolina Dental Society,
I will stand by the statement that he will more than measure up to the
responsibilities placed upon his shoulders. Thank you, Mr. President.
(Applause.)
President Hale:
I recognize Dr. E. G. Click.
Dr. Click:
Mr. President, Gentlemen of the Society: We meet difficult situations
all through life. We have friends everywhere we go. We are placed
in the position so often to decide between two friends. If it were just
possible to have two Presidents, it would be a very easy matter to de-
cide. If we could make both men President, it would be a fine situation.
But we have to decide between the two. Claud Parks was raised in
my town and is one of the finest boys I ever knew. He will make a
fine President in spite of the fact that he now lives in Winston-Salem.
This man Clayton is one of the best friends I ever had. He is a
classmate of mine. I have known him all down through the years.
I never knew a better man. He is one of the best friends I ever had.
Whether he is a friend of mine it makes no difference. I wouldn't
vote for a friend of mine to be President of this Society because he was
a friend of mine. I'd have to know that he'd make a real President.
I feel like, Gentlemen, if you elect Walter Clayton to this position, you
will make no mistake. He is the kind of man that should be President
of the North Carolina Dental Society. I take great pleasure in second-
ing the nomination of Dr. W. S. Clayton for President-elect.
Dr. C. T. Wells:
We have two good men before the Society and we have had two good
speeches. I'd like to make a motion that we close the nominations and
vote.
President Hale:
Do I hear a second ?
Member:
I'd like to second that motion.
President Hale:
It has been moved and seconded that the nominations close. All in
favor, please vote "aye." Opposed, "no." Everybody please be seated
except the tellers. Dr. Sinclair, will you please prepare the ropes.
Dr. Bobbitt and Dr. Rankin will hold the line here. Everybody on
126 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
this side of the line will have to have a membership card or badge
or be certified by the Secretary of his District before he can vote. Pass
through this door in the rear and the tellers will show you how to vote.
Tell me when you are ready, Dr. Sinclair. Go through that door and
come back here.
Gentlemen, while we are waiting on a report from the Chairman of
the Election Committee, a nomination for Vice President is in order.
Dr. Ralph Jarrett:
Mr. President : We have had a great assembly here, the largest attend-
ance of the North Carolina Dental Association. We have had one man
on our entertainment committee that has spent a great deal of time on
it. I want to nominate one of the finest boys in North Carolina and
his name is Royster Chamblee, for Vice President and I hope we will
honor this gentleman as Ave should by having no one run against
him.
Dr. Bob Olive:
Mr. President, I'd like to take this opportunity to second Dr. Ralph
Jarrett's nomination. I have been knowing Dr. Chamblee for a num-
ber of years. I know he is an outstanding dentist, conscientious and
ethical. I have had the honor of working with him in clinics. He
is a man who will lend dignity to the position.
Dr. Z. L. Edwards:
I move that the rules be suspended and that we vote by acclamation.
Dr. S. E. Moser:
I second that motion.
Vote taken and Dr. Chamblee elected.
President Hale:
Mr. Secretary, will you please cast the ballot for the Society.
Secretary Fitzgerald:
Dr. Chamblee, stand up, please. It gives me great pleasure to cast the
vote of the North Carolina Dental Society to Royster Chamblee.
Dr. Chamblee:
I really didn't prepare a speech for this occasion because it has come
as a great surprise. I appreciate the honor a great deal. I thank you.
(Applause.)
President Hale:
We will now have the report of the Election Committee on the
President-elect.
Containing the Proceedings 127
Dr. Sinclair:
Mr. President, your Society has elected Dr. C. M. Parks as your
President-elect.
Dr. Clayton:
Members of the North Carolina Dental Society: It is our pleasm*e
and privilege to live in a democratic community and we have the
pleasure of serving in the North Carolina Dental Society also in a
democratic institution, an institution in which the majority rules. We
are always anxious to come up to the night of the election, each man
coming enthused with the idea of supporting his candidate. We have
come to this meeting tonight. The majority has spoken. At this
time it is customary and for the best to forget the vanquished and swear
allegiance to the victor and I, at this time, desire to make a motion
that we give a standing vote and make this election unanimous.
(Applause.)
All stand and continued applause.
Dr. Phin Horton :
Mr. President.
President Hale:
All right, Dr. Phin.
Dr. Horton :
I want to move that the Society stand in honor of Dr. Clayton, who
has so graciously bestowed the laurels on Dr. Parks.
Dr. Fred Hunt:
I second that motion. (Applause.)
Dr. Paris:
President Hale, Fellow Members of the North Carolina Dental So-
ciety: I hardly know how to express a thank you for what you have
done, for honoring me in this way. It is not the fact that I have been
elevated to this position of honor that I appreciate so much, it is the
fact that you have shown your faith and confidence in me in this way.
I want to thank you from the bottom of my heart. I pledge you the
best that is in me and ask your support and cooperation as I try to
fill this office and I want to thank Dr. Clayton who so graciously made
that motion awhile ago. I thank every one of you. (Applause.)
President Hale:
Nominations are in order for Secretary-Treasurer.
128 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Dr. A. T. Jennette:
It really gives me a great deal of pleasure to nominate a man who has
served the North Carolina Dental Society perfectly. This man has
served one year and has done everything that has heen required of him
and a great deal more and it gives me a great deal of pleasure to
nominate Dr. Paul Fitzgerald for Secretary-Treasurer of the North
Carolina Dental Society. (Applause.)
President Hale:
Are there any more nominations ?
Dr. Dennis Cook:
I move that the nominations he closed and that the President cast
the ballot for Dr. Fitzgerald.
Member:
Second the nomination.
President Hale:
It has been moved and seconded that the nominations be closed and
that the President of the Society cast the ballot of the Society for Dr.
Fitzgerald to succeed himself.
Vote taken and carried.
President Hale:
It is my pleasure, Dr. Fitzgerald, to cast the ballot of the North
Carolina Dental Society for you as Secretary-Treasurer to succeed
yourself. (Applause.)
Dr. Fitzgerald:
Mr. President and Members of the North Carolina Dental Society:
A year ago tonight you Gentlemen conferred the honor upon me of
Secretary-Treasurer of your Society. At that time I felt that you were
experimenting. In fact, I knew you were. Again you have conferred
upon me the honor of Secretary-Treasurer. I hope, Gentlemen, that I
may take it this time as a compliment. I told you a year ago that I
would not make a speech, that what I felt was this — you had given me
an order to go to work and that I would do the best that I could. To-
night I feel right much like the man who was an habitual drunkard.
He had married a fine woman. He staggered home drunk each night.
She raised as much sand with this man as she could. She nagged him
and raised more sand than a little with him. It seemed to do no good.
Finally she took the matter up with her preacher. He said, Sister,
suppose you stop nagging. Tonight when he comes in if he should
come in drunk, go to the door and put your arms around him and
speak to him in terms of endearment, get his smoking jacket and slip-
Containing the Proceedings 129
pers and have a warm supper and some coffee prepared for him. She
said she'd try. That night when he came home she met him at the door
as the preacher had told her to do, and said, ''Darling, come in" and
put her arms around him, she had the hot coffee and all and sat down
and talked sweetly to him. After a little she said, "Now, darling, isn't
this just like heaven?" "Yes," he says, "it is just like heaven, but
when I get home, I am going to catch hell." (Laughter.) Speaking
seriously, I am duly grateful for the honor that you have bestowed
upon me and I shall try to live up to the trust. I thank you, Gentlemen.
(Applause.)
President Hale:
The next in order is the member of the State Board of Dental
Examiners to succeed Dr. W. F. Bell, of Asheville.
Dr. W. F. Bell:
Mr. President, Members of the North Carolina Dental Society : I
have had the privilege of serving this organization as a member of the
Board of Dental Examiners. In the time that I have been there, six
years, I have had opportunity to realize the responsibility placed upon
this body of men. As the profession progresses the responsibilities of
your Board of Examiners is going to become greater. I am not running
for this office again. I know of a man that is capable of taking this
nomination and I would like to place in nomination the name of a man
from the First District, who is a good workman, who is a keen thinker,
who has a good, broad sense of judgment and who is truly a profes-
sional Gentleman. I wish to nominate A. C. Current of Gastonia.
(Applause.)
Dr. J. N. Johnson:
Mr. President, I'd like to second the nomination. Next to my esteemed
friend. Dr. Bell, having served for a number of years on the Examining
Committee of the North Carolina Dental Society, I consider it one of
the most responsible positions in this particular association and it is
one of the particular offices that I am always interested in, the charac-
ter of workmanship, professional esteem and professional character
and ability all enter into that, for fitness for this particular office. I
have watched the work of my friend A. C. Current over a number of
years and I want to second the nomination of my friend, Billy Bell, for
Dr. A. C. Current, of Gastonia.
Dr. S. E. Moser:
Mr. President, Members of the North Carolina Dental Society:
Before I start my oration — I want to take this opportunity to say that
last year at Winston-Salem the men here promised us when we were
sweltering under the heat of 103 or 104 that it would be cool here this
130 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
year and I want to say that they have fulfilled that obligation. Mr.
President, it might not be amiss for a man from Dr. Current's town to
have something to say about Dr. Current. I want to say that I have
been a neighbor and colleague of Dr. Current's for lo, these many fifteen
years. I want to say that he is a good citizen, a good colleague and
an excellent dentist. Whatever he does, he tries to do well and as I
have said before, the North Carolina Dental Society representative on
the State Bord of Dental Examiners is no fool's paradise. I take great
pleasure in seconding the nomination of my esteemed friend, A. C.
Current.
Dr. Clyde Minges:
I move you, Sir, that the nominations be closed, the rules sus-
pended, and the Secretary-Treasurer cast the ballot of the Society for
Dr. A. C. Current to succeed Dr. Bell on the Board of Dental
Examiners.
Motion seconded and the Secretary-Treasurer cast the unanimous
vote of the Society for Dr. Current.
Dr. A. C. Current:
Mr. President, Members of the North Carolina Dental Society: I
can't understand the powers which have motivated this body to express
the confidence that they have in me to bestow upon me the high honor
that you have and to call upon me to attempt to fulfill the equal
responsibility that accompanies this honor. I would be less than a
man if this expression of confidence and friendship from you people
did not become a constant inspiration and challenge to me to be a better
man in the future than I have in the past and far as I may fall short
of following in the footsteps of the great men who have preceded me
in this Society, I pledge to this Society and to organized dentistry the
best for which I am capable. I thank you. (Applause.)
President Hale:
Nominations are in order for another member of the North Carolina
Dental Society on the State Board of Dental Examiners to succeed Dr.
John L. Ashby.
Dr. Henry C. Carr (Durham) :
Mr. President, Members of the North Carolina Dental Society: It is
indeed an honor that I have tonight to present to you a man whom we
have tried and found faithful, a man whom it was my pleasure to serve
on the Board with for two years and found him capable and ready to do
what he believed to be for the best interest of the North Carolina
Dental Society. The North Carolina Board of Dental Examiners is the
gate-way to our profession. The way these men conduct that Board has
much to do with whether we make progress in North Carolina or go
Containing the Proceedings 131
backward. We have a fine Board at the present — men who have the
-one and utmost interest at heart, and that is dentistry in North Carolina.
Without saying more, it gives me indeed a great pleasure to present
to you Dr. John L. Ashby to succeed himself. (Applause.)
Dr. Bingham:
Mr. President, it gives me a great deal of pleasure to second the
nomination of Dr. Carr for Dr. John L. Ashby. Dr. Ashby has only
served on the Board two years — this year being his third. I know
Dr. Ashby makes a fine member for the Board of Dental Examiners
and I see no reason why he shouldn't continue. I have known Dr.
Ashby for the past eighteen years, as a student in College and as an
•excellent operator and gentleman since graduating and I take great
pleasure in seconding the nomination of Dr. Ashby.
President Hale:
Are there any other nominations ?
Dr. Amos Bumgardner :
I move that the nominations close.
President Hale:
Does that meet a second?
Br. Ralph Jarrett:
I second that motion.
Vote taken and carried.
President Hale:
The Secretary is instructed to cast the ballot of the North Carolina
Dental Society for Dr. John L. Ashby to succeed himself.
Secretary Fitzgerald:
Dr. Ashby, will you rise. As Secretary of the Worth Carolina Dental
Society, it gives me great pleasure to cast the vote of the entire Society
for you as State Dental Examiner.
Dr. Ashby:
Gentlemen of the North Carolina Dental Society: I am not one of
the orators whom you have heard this evening. I wish to express my
sincere appreciation for your confidence in me. I hope I will be service-
able to the North Carolina Dental Society and serve the North Carolina
Board of Dental Examiners as I should do. I thank you. (Applause.)
President Hale:
Gentlemen : We have to elect a delegate to succeed Dr. Wilbert
Jackson, a term of three years. Nominations are in order.
132 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Dr. A. T. Jennette:
It gives me great pleasure to nominate a man who has served the
North Carolina Dental Society, who will continue to do so and that
man is no other than Dr. Wilbert Jackson.
Dr. Clyde Minges:
I have served with Dr. Jackson as a fellow delegate to the American
Dental Association. Through his efforts, influence and personality, I
feel that North Carolina is really being represented in an adequate
way. There is nothing lacking. As I have contended many times on this
floor, to me your delegate to the American Dental Association is one
of the most important men that you have. He is your contact with
your national organization. It gives me pleasure to endorse Dr. Jack-
son to succeed himself and with your permission I'd like to again move
you, Sir, that the nominations be closed, that the rules be suspended and
the Secretary instructed to cast the unanimous vote of this meeting
for Dr. Jackson to succeed himself as Delegate to the American Dental
Association.
Dr. Wells:
I second that motion.
Vote taken and carried.
Secretary Fitzgerald:
Dr. Jackson, as Secretary of the North Carolina Dental Society, it
gives me great pleasure to cast the entire vote of the Society for you
as Delegate to succeed yourself for the next three years. (Applause.)
President Hale:
Gentlemen, in case that we should be allowed another Delegate, what
is the wish of this organization? Dr. Fitzgerald doesn't know yet
from the membership.
Dr. Mizell:
I'd like to nominate Dr. Olive.
Motion seconded.
Dr. Minges:
I rise to the point of information. Was that not taken care of last
year, that the Secretary-Treasurer automatically becomes such delegate ?
President Hale:
No Sir, I have looked that up. It was just for that one year — year
before last at Pinehurst. If you want it again this year, O.K. You
did make it just one year. It was not a standing resolution.
Containing the Proceedings 133
Dr. Minges:
Do I have the floor? I'd like to move you, Sir, . . .
President Hale:
There is a motion before the house.
Dr. Minges:
I'd like to ask Dr. Mizell to withdraw his motion.
Dr. Mizell:
With Dr. Olive's permission.
Dr. Minges:
To keep the North Carolina Dental Society in closer touch with what
is really going on, I feel he should, by all means, he sent as a delegate
regardless of what he may be. A great many men would make good
delegates. I'd like to move, in case we have a sufficient number of men
who have paid their dues to entitle us to a fourth delegate, that the
Secretary-Treasurer be sent as that extra delegate.
President Hale:
And that it be a permanent policy?
Dr. Minges:
Yes.
Dr. J. N. Johnson:
I second that nomination.
President Hale:
Any more nominations ? It has been moved and seconded that it
become a permanent policy until otherwise changed by this body, that
the Secretary-Treasurer be the extra delegate if we are entitled to
one.
Vote taken.
President Hale:
The "ayes" have it.
Gentlemen, we should elect three alternate delegates, and maybe four,
to the American Dental Association.
Dr. J. N. Johnson:
I'd like to nominate one of the best dentists in North Carolina, one
of the finest men that ever lived. He is just as fine in every particular,
of character, of efficiency and in the point of service, we have none that
surpasses him. That is Dr. Olive, of Fayetteville. (Applause.)
134 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Dr. W. T. Martin:
I second that nomination.
Dr. Wilbert Jackson:
I'd like to place in nomination Dr. Walter McRae, as alternate
delegate.
Dr. H. C. Carr:
I second that nomination.
Dr. Ralph Jarrett:
I'd like to nominate Dr. Everett Moser, of Gastonia.
Dr. Bell:
I second that nomination.
President Hale:
Are there any more nominations for alternates.
Motion made by Dr. Ralph Jarrett and seconded by Dr. Phin
Horton that nominations close and the Secretary cast the ballot of the
Society for all three men.
Vote taken and carried.
Dr. Fitzgerald:
Dr. R. M. Olive, Dr. Walter McRae and Dr. S. E. Moser, as alternate
delegates to the American Dental Association, it gives me great pleasure
to cast the vote of the entire Society for you. (Applause.)
President Hale:
In case we need a fourth one, what is your pleasure?
Dr. Z. L. Edwards:
I nominate Dr. Clayton, of High Point.
Dr. J. A. McClung:
I second that nomination.
Moved and seconded that the nominations be closed and the Secretary
cast the entire ballot of the Association for Dr. Clayton as alternate
delegate to the American Dental Association in case the Society is
entitled to one.
President Hale:
Gentlemen, we have got to have somewhere to meet next year. It
is now in order.
Dr. Ralph Jarrett:
I have made one successful motion that we quit balloting and elect
the officers by acclamation. I want to welcome you to Charlotte, Xorth
Containing the Proceedings 135
Carolina. (Applause.) We will dine you if we don't wine you. We'd
be glad to have the meeting of our organization in the "Friendly City"
next year.
President Hale:
Any other invitations?
Dr. Sam Bobbitt :
Mr. President, I move that the nominations be closed and that we go to
Cbarlotte. (Applause.)
Dr. S. E. Moser:
Mr. President : I move that Ave accept the invitation of Dr. Jarrett
and meet in Charlotte for the 1940 meeting.
President Hale:
Everybody that wants to go to Charlotte stand up. (Unanimous.)
Thank you, Gentlemen, for your harmony.
Meeting adjourned at 9 :15 p.m.
HOUSE OF DELEGATES
The Wednesday !Noon Session of the House of Delegates convened
in the Virginia Dare Ballroom of the Sir Walter Hotel at twelve
o'clock, Wednesday, May 3, 1939, the President, Dr. G. Fred Hale,
presiding.
Dr. Hale:
The Wednesday noon session of the House of Delegates will please
come to order and the Secretary will call the roll.
The Secretary, Dr. Paul Fitzgerald, called the roll and the following
were marked present :
G. Fred Hale, President Board of Dental Examiners
Frank 0. Alford, President-elect John L. Ashby
C. M. Parks, Vice President
Paul Fitzgerald, Seey.-Treas
First District
Wm. M. Matheson
Executive Committee Dennis g> Cook
D. L. Pridgen Q -p.
0. L. Presnell SeCOND District
_ John McClung
Ethics Committee a A Barkley
Z. L. Edwards A. P. Hartman
A. S. Bumgardner J. p. Bingham
W. L. McEae T. P. Williamson
136 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Third District E. B. Howie
J. P. Jones H- °- Eineberger
W. E. McKaughan Fifth District
L- G' Coble Z. L. Edwards
?-5^6d!m H.E.Nixon
J. H. Wheeler c E Mingeg
Fourth District Darden Eure
C. W. Sanders Junius Smith
J. W. Whitehead
President Hale:
I declare a quorum present and ready for the transaction of any
business that may come before this House of Delegates.
Any Committee reports?
Dr. Paul E. Jones:
Mr. President, the Committee on the President's Address wishes to com-
mend Dr. Hale most highly on his splendid address. It shows much thought
and preparation and offers a high standard for our membership to follow.
The committee approves the recommendation regarding the seal for the
North Carolina Dental Society which was previously approved by the Execu-
tive Committee.
The recommendation regarding the appointment of and duties of a nomi-
nating committee is considered a definite forward step. We feel, however,
that the nominating committee might be given a little broader authority and
a little more democratic plan of procedure.
We therefore recommend:
1. A quorum of the nominating committee shall consist of at least one
representative from each district, in addition to the chairman.
2. That two district representatives be elected by the District Societies
at their annual meeting.
3. It shall be the duties of the nominating committee to nominate one or
more candidates for each elective office.
4. That nothing in this recommendation shall prevent nominations from
the floor at any General Session held for the election of officers of this Society.
Paul E. Jones, Chairman.
I. R. Self.
H. 0. LlNEBERGER.
President Hale:
May I ask a question? Is it sufficiently clear to say that one shall
come from each District?
Dr. Jones:
That was covered or we intended to. If you don't mind, let me
explain now we arrived at a decision. When I first read .it, I, like
others, thought it was taking away the privilege of the individual
membership of the Society to select officers. After consideration the
Committee decided that it would be even more representative than
Containing the Proceedings 137
it is now of the active members of the Society in view of the fact that
it provides that two members of the nominating committee will be elect-
ed at each annual district meeting. That will be ten representatives
elected at the District Meetings, and they in turn will represent the
Districts at the State Meeting in selecting the annual Society officers.
It precludes the possibility of argument, of taking away the privileges
when you figure that it still does not take away the privilege of nomina-
tions from the floor at any time. The Committee feels that it is a
step toward progress. We take great pleasure in recommending it to the
Society.
President Hale:
I raised that question because I wanted to be sure you know what
you are voting for. Because I think it is wise is no reason that it is
wise. Any discussion?
Vote taken and report is accepted.
President Hale:
Any other Committee Reports?
Dr. Z. L. Edwards:
I have the report of the Ethics Committee.
THE ETHICS COMMITTEE BEGS TO SUBMIT THE FOLLOWING REPORT
As a result of a complaint of "Unethical Advertising" against one of our
members, Dr. E. D. Moore, Charlotte, N. C, your Committee requested him
to appear for a hearing which was held on May 2.
The charges were as follows:
1. Having his name appear in the telephone directory in bold face
type.
2. Permitting his name with the word "Denist" to be stamped on the
fly leaf of Biblical literature which was distributed by his Church or-
ganization.
After hearing Dr. Moore's explanation your Committee was unanimous
in the opinion that the offense was due more to a lack of knowledge of our
code of Ethics than to a wilful intent.
In view of Dr. Moore's apparent feeling of remorse in having done
something calculated to bring reproach upon the ethical standards of our
profession, and in view of his profuse expressions of regret and with the
solemn and sacred promise to make corrections and to refrain in the future
from any action that might be considered as violating even the spirit of
the code of Ethics, your Committee feels that the greatest good can be ac-
complished by exercising charity in recommending to the House of Delegates
the minimum penalty as prescribed by our By-Laws. Reprimand, with the
admonishment "Go ye and sin no more."
Respectfully submitted,
Z. L. Edwakds, Chairman.
O. C. Barker.
Charles I. Mir.r.ER.
W. L. McRae.
A. S. Btmgardner.
138 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
President Hale:
Thank you, Dr. Edwards.
Gentlemen, you have heard the report of the Ethics Committee.
Motion made and seconded that the report be accepted. Vote taken
and carried.
President Hale:
Dr. J. Martin Fleming is not a member of the House of Delegates
but he has a report to make.
Dr. Fleming:
This is the report of the Relief Committee of the North Carolina Dental
Society. I forgot all about having to make a report. I know the funds on
hand as of April first when my book was published — we have in the treasury
$2,790.16 and I understand a check has come in that has not yet been
turned over for $119 for our half of what we gave to Christmas seals which
will make $2,909.16 and then the usual $200 that we appropriate every year
would be added to that. So the fund now is well over $3,000 in the Wachovia
Bank in Raleigh and it can only be checked out with the signatures of two
members of the Committee, so there is not much danger of stealing it with old
Betts and Hunt to keep me from stealing.
Upon motion of Dr. Amos Bumgardner, seconded by Dr. Whitehead,
vote taken and carried to accept the report.
President Hale:
Any other reports ?
Dr. Frank At ford:
Mr. President, I have a report.
REPORT OF MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE
During the fall months, your committee made a survey of each District
to ascertain the non-members who were eligible for membership in the North
Carolina Dental Society.
Immediately after the first of the year, the committee sent a letter to each
of these eligible non-members encouraging them to join, or reinstate their
membership in the North Carolina Dental Society. Following these letters,
a member who was close to the non-member was asked to contact the non-
member personally and try to bring him into the Society. While this plan
has not worked one hundred per cent, we feel it has helped.
The committee wishes to express its thanks to all those who assisted in
the campaign.
The report of the membership committee by districts is as follows:
First Second Third Fourth Fifth Total
Members in Good Standing 106 142 99 92 105 544
Members Subject to Suspension 10 4 6 1 2 23
Members Reinstated 4 2 0 2 0 8
New Members 7 3 15 4 20
Containing the Proceedings 139
Your committee recommends that thirty days extension of time be granted
to members who are subject to suspension and that every means be ex-
hausted to collect their dues and retain their membership in the Society.
Respectfully submitted,
Frank O. Aleord, Chairman.
William M. Matheson.
Carl A. Barkley.
A. W. Cravek.
J. W. Whitehead.
H. E. Nixon.
President Hale:
Gentlemen, you have heard the report of the Membership Committee,
what is your wish?
Upon motion of Dr. 0. L. Pressnell, duly seconded, vote taken and
report accepted.
RE-INSTATEMENTS
First District
R. C. Rea.. Canton F. B. Hicks Hickory
Frank R. Wilkins Forest City R. C. Hicks. Shelby
Second District
Dale F. Arthur Charlotte L. E. Wall Charlotte
Fourth District
C. A. Blalock Wendell M. L. Johnson Whiteville
Geo. Dennis Raleigh
Secretary Fitzgerald:
First will he new members for membership in the North Carolina
Dental Society.
NEW MEMBERS
First District
0. R. Keith Hendersonville Noracella E. McGuire .Sylva
L. T. Russell Canton Arthur M. Ramsey Marshall
R. B. Sams Mars Hill R. R. Steinman ...Enka
J. L. Raymer.. Shelby
Second District
J. B. Freedland Charlotte Moultrie H. Truluck Charlotte
L. C. Holhouser Rockwell
Third District
Geo. F. Kirkland Durham
Fourth District
H. Evans Coleman Warrenton Laurence H. Paschal Fayetteville
Reed T. Goe Raleigh E. D. Baker Raleigh
S. B. Towler Raleigh
140 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Fifth District
Sidney V. Allen Wilmington R. A. Daniel Roanoke Rapids
J. P. Butler Farmville Guy V. Harris Belhaven
Now we can vote on the new members individually or collectively
and I would suggest in order to save time unless there is objection that
we do vote collectively on the new members.
Dr. Pridgen:
I should like to ask if the election of members into the North Carolina
Dental Society is not, under the By-Laws, the prerogative of the District
Societies and not the State Society. As I understand it the State Society
accepts members from the District just as the American Dental As-
sociation does from the State Dental Society.
Secretary Fitzgerald:
Heretofore it has been the practice to vote on those collectively.
The list for suspension for non payment of dues is as follows :
LIST OF MEMBERS FOR SUSPENSION
First District
B. B. Bishop Macon H. Hewitt, Jr.
Carl Harding W. B. Masters
Preston R. Taylor
Second District
L. L. Ezzell W. L. Ezzell
P. L. Feezer
Third District
C. D. Dawkins W. T. Oliver
J. W. Mitchell Lewis J. Pegram
R. P. Shepard
Fourth District
John Dewitt Muse
Fifth District
R. A. Wilkins
REPORT OF ATTENDANCE
Members 419 Visitors 160
Visiting Doctors 30 Exhibitors 44
653
Paul Fitzgerald.
Containing the Proceedings 141
REPORT OF EXHIBIT COMMITTEE
The Exhibit Committee wishes to submit the following report:
Amount Exhibit space sold $715.00
Amount Exhibit Space Collected 695.00
Amount Exhibit space uncollected 20.00
Dr. Paul Fitzgerald, Chairman, Exhibit Committee.
President Hale:
You have heard the report on Attendance and Exhibits. What is
your pleasure?
Upon motion of Dr. Parks, seconded by Dr. Bingham, vote taken
and report accepted.
Secretary Fitzgerald:
Mr. President, we have the report of the Program Committee.
REPORT OF THE PROGRAM COMMITTEE
The Program Committee has held three meetings with the Executive
Committee:
First, on August 21, 1938 O'Henry Hotel, Greensboro, N. C.
Second, on November 6, 1938 Carolina Hotel, Raleigh, N. C.
Third, on February 2, 1939 Sir Walter Hotel, Raleigh, N. C.
For our report on the activities of this Committee we submit the Program
as published in The Bulletin which was mailed to all members April
6, 1939.
Paul Fitzgerald, Secretary-Treasurer.
We had $800 for honorarium and travel expenses.
President Hale:
You have heard the report of the Program Committee.
Dr. Whitehead:
I move that the report be received.
Dr. McRae:
I second the motion.
President Hale:
Any discussion?
Vote taken and report accepted.
Secretary Fitzgerald:
I have the financial statement of the North Carolina Dental Society
as of May 1, 1939. This includes all printing, etc., up and until that
date. It does not include any expenses of this meeting. The Auditor's
Keport for the period June 25, 1938 to May 31, 1939 will be furnished
the editor for publication in the proceedings.
142 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
DAHLBERG & COMPANY
ACCOUNTANTS AND AUDITORS
June 14, 1939
To the Officers of
North Carolina Dental Society.
Gentlemen :
We have examined the books of Account and Record of Paul Fitzgerald,
Greenville, North Carolina, for the period beginning June 25, 1938 and
ending May 31, 1939, and submit herewith a statement of Receipts and
Disbursements for the period, together with a Reconciliation of the checking
Account with Guaranty Bank and Trust Company, Greenville, North Caro-
lina, and a Balance Sheet as of May 31, 1939.
Your particular attention is directed to our Comments and the Exhibits
as shown by the Index and on the following pages.
We hereby certify that we have examined the books of Account and Record
of Paul Fitzgerald, Greenville, North Carolina, Secretary and Treasurer of
the North Carolina Dental Society, for the period beginning June 25, 1938
and ending May 31, 1939, and that in our opinion, based upon the records
examined and information obtained by us and comments thereon, the ac-
companying statement of Receipts and Disbursements for the period, and
the Balance Sheet as at the date named are correct.
Yours very truly,
Dahlbero and Company.
COMMENTS
General. In verifying the Statement of Receipts and Disbursements, we
traced all recorded receipts into the Bank Account. Disbursements were
audited in detail and were found to be supported by properly receipted in-
voices and canceled checks.
Remittance reports from all District Secretaries were checked and found
to be in agreement with the books of the State Treasurer.
Payments to National Association Headquarters were verified by com-
parison with receipts furnished by that organization.
The Bank Account was reconciled by us and each canceled check was
inspected with reference to signatures and endorsements and found to be in
ORDER.
United States Treasury Baby Bonds in the amount of $3,750.00 were not
available for inspection. We were informed that they are held under
supervision of the entire Executive Committee.
A comparison of Total Receipts, Expense Disbursements, and Net Gain
for the Fiscal years 1937 to 1939 inclusive is as follows:
Expense
Years Receipts Disbursements Net Gain
1937 $ 5,895.82 $ 4,916.21 $ 979.61
1938 6,060.03 5,760.00 300.03
1939 5,827.50 4,768.34 1,059.16
Totals $17,7S3.35 $15,444.55 $2,338.80
The books of the Treasurer were found to have been neatly and accurately
kept.
Containing the Proceedings 143
BALANCE SHEET
May 31, 1939
ASSETS
CASH
On Deposit —
Guaranty Bank and Trust Company, Greenville, North Carolina. ...$2,349. 61
INVESTMENTS
Five — 1,000 United States Treasury Baby Bonds 3,750.00
Total $6,099.61
LIABILITIES AND NET WORTH
LIABILITIES
None.
net worth $6,099.61
Total $6,099.61
RECONCILIATION OF ACCOUNT WITH
GUARANTY BANK AND TRUST COMPANY
GREENVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
May 31, 1939
Balance Per Bank Statement $2,650.61
Less: Outstanding Checks 301.00
Balance Per Books $2,349.61
OUTSTANDING CHECKS
Date Payable to Number Amount
5-19-39 C. Willard Camalier 115 $ 25.00
5-20-39 Dr. Sterling V. Mead 116 50.00
5-26-39 J. W. Whitehead, Secretary 118 18.00
5-29-39 American Dental Association 119 8.00
5-29-39 J. Martin Fleming 120 200.00
$301.00
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS AND DISBURSEMENTS
For the Period June 25, 1938 to May 31, 1939, Inclusive
RECEIPTS
Life
district receipts — membership dues Annual Members Total
First District $ 920.00 $ 44.00 $ 964.00
Second District 1,182.00 28.00 1,210.00
Third District 940.00 48.00 988.00
Fourth District 834.00 52.00 886.00
Fifth District 1,006.00 36.00 1,042.00
Total District Receipts $4,882.00 $208.00 $5,090.00
144 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS
Sale of Exhibit Space $715.00
Refunds— American Dental Association 22.50 $ 737.50
Total Receipts - $5,827.50
Balance June 25, 1938....: - 1,290.45
Total Receipts and Balance $7,117.95
DISBURSEMENTS
American Dental Association —
Proportionate Part of Dues from Members:
Annual $1,952.00
Life 208.00 $2,160.00
EXPENSES
Salary— Editor Publisher $ 150.00
Salary — Secretary-Treasurer 250.00
Salaries — District Secretaries 125.00
Dr. J. Martin Fleming — Relief Fund 200.00
Printing — 1938 Proceedings 590.65
Honorarium and Expenses 459.56
Reporting and Secretarial Expense 125.00
Badges and Emblems 39.15
Legal Services — Flowers Case 50.00
Legal Services — 1939 Legislature.... 50.00
World's Fair Exhibit 130.00
Binding Nine Volumes Files and Proceedings 58.00
Stationery, Printing and Supplies 77.80
Programs, Film Rental, Signs and Placards 87.35
Entertainment 13.62
Fidelity Bonds - 43.75
Auditing ~ - 25.00
Membership Dues Refunded — 1938 Graduates 18.00
Floral Offerings 33.48
Postage - 50.00
Telephone and Telegraph 26.59
Miscellaneous Refunds 5.06
Intangible Tax .. .33 2,608.34
Total Disbursements $4,768.34
Balance May 31, 1939, Guaranty Bank and Trust Company 2,349.61
Total Disbursements and Balance $7,117.95
President Hale:
You have heard the report of the Secretary-Treasurer as of May 1,
1939. What is your pleasure.
Motion made and seconded to accept the report. Vote taken and
carried.
Containing the Proceedings 145
Dr. D. L. Pridgen :
I have the report of the Executive Committee.
REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
On May 4. 1938, following the adjournment of our 1938 meeting, the
Executive Committee met at the Hotel Robert E. Lee in Winston-Salem. All
bills for the Winston-Salem meeting, properly approved, were ordered paid.
The date for our 1939 meeting was set for May 1, 2 and 3, with head-
quarters at the Hotel Sir Walter. Dr. Neal Sheffield was unanimously
elected to succeed himself as Editor-Publisher for the ensuing year. The
committee voted their disapproval of the society in the future paying for
entertainment at our banquets.
The next meeting of the Executive Committee was held jointly with the
Program-Clinic Committee at the O'Henry Hotel in Greensboro on August
21. Plans for the 1939 meeting were discussed, and a budget of eight
hundred and fifty dollars was approved for the payment of honoraria and
expenses of clinicians.
The Executive and Program-Clinic Committees again held a joint meeting
on November 6 at the Carolina Hotel in Raleigh. The purpose of this meet-
ing was principally for discussion of our 1939 program. Pursuant to the
action of the House of Delegates at our 1938 meeting with reference to the
work of the Library and Historical Commission, the Executive Committee
at this time voted to underwrite the cost of publishing the History of the
North Carolina Dental Society. The committee wishes to congratulate
Dr. J. Martin Fleming upon the completion of this monumental service,
and to commend him most highly upon the appearance as well as the contents
of this interesting volume.
Your committee wishes to report that each of the secretary-treasurers of
the five district societies furnished a surety bond in the amount of one
thousand dollars, as provided in our by-laws. In view of the larger sum
now entrusted to the secretary-treasurer of our state society, the bond for
this officer, at the instigation of the present incumbent, was increased to
seven thousand five hundred dollars. All these bonds are now held by the
chairman of your committee.
During the year considerable correspondence was had in regard to an
exhibit at the New York World's Fair which would adequately and properly
portray Dentistry to the millions of visitors. The plan of finance called
for an appropriation of a sum equal to twenty-five cents per member from
each of the states east of the Mississippi. Your committee felt that with
every other branch of medicine represented, dentistry should not be excluded,
and that it afforded an unparalled opportunity from the standpoint of
dental education of the public in a dignified and ethical manner. We there-
fore approved the appropriation to this project the sum of one hundred and
thirty dollars.
The committee wishes to commend our capable president, Dr. G. Fred
Hale, for the manner in which he has directed the affairs of the society.
We express our appreciation to Dr. Paul Fitzgerald and to Dr. Neal Sheffield
for their many hours of labor given so willingly and unselfishly. We wish
to thank the individual members who have served on the various committees •
during the year. We are most grateful to the dentists of Raleigh as well
as to their ladies for the splendid arrangements which have been made
146 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
for us. And to all others, who have in any way or in any measure con-
tributed to the success and our enjoyment of this annual meeting, we are
deeply indebted and offer our heartfelt thanks.
Respectfully submitted,
G. A. Lazbnby.
0. L. Presnell.
D. L. Pridgen, Chairman.
President Hale:
You have heard Dr. Pridgen's report. What is your pleasure?
Motion made by Dr. Medlin, duly seconded, that the report be ac-
cepted. Vote taken and carried.
Dr. D. L. Pridgen:
The Executive Committee wishes to propose for Honorary member-
ship in the N". C. Dental Society:
Dr. A. M. Wash, Richmond, Va.
Dr. G. A. C. Jennings, Richmond, Va.
Dr. J. W. Ames, Smithfield, Va.
Dr. R. A Vonderlehr, Washington, D. C.
Dr. E. A. Jasper, St. Louis, Mo.
Dr. Geo. C. Paffenbarger, Washington, D. C.
Dr. Sterling V. Mead, Washington, D. C.
Dr. W. B. Denning, New York, N. Y.
Dr. R. E. Sturdivant, Atlanta, Ga.
D. L. Pridgen, Chairman.
President Hale:
Gentlemen, you have heard the proposal of the Executive Committee
for honorary membership. What is your pleasure?
Motion made by Dr. Alford, seconded by Dr. McRae that the men
named be accepted for honorary membership. Vote taken and carried.
President Hale:
Any further committee reports?
Dr. J. P. Jones:
Mr. President, I have the report of the Publicity Committee.
The Publicity Committee wishes to submit the following report:
A total of eight advance news stories covering this meeting have been
mailed to all daily newspapers, press associations, and radio stations in this
state and to a number of papers in neighboring states. The best estimate is
that a total of more than 960 news stories were used by these newspapers
and radio stations.
In addition, there were serviced to all of the daily newspapers in this
state 100 mats of two 2-column layouts and 160 mats from four 1-column
cuts. The two layouts included our out-of-state speakers, in one instance,
and the officers of the Society in the other instance. The four single column
mats covered our president and president-elect and banquet speaker and
toastmaster.
Containing the Proceedings 147
This convention is being covered by special reporters and photographers
from the News and Observe)' and Raleigh Times; by the Associated Press
and the United Press and, through them, by all the morning and afternoon
newspapers of this state and neighboring towns in Virginia and South
Carolina.
We were again fortunate in securing the services of Mr. R. W. Madry,
director of the University News Bureau, and of Mr. Sherman Shore of Greens-
boro, and to them should go all the credit for our publicity.
The Committee wishes to extend deepest appreciation to Mr. Madry
and Mr. Shore; to the Neics and Observer and the Raleigh Times; to the
Associated Press and United Press, to the radio stations of the State; to
the press of the state in general, and to the General Arrangements Com-
mittee for their splendid cooperation in making this Society's publicity
program so effective.
J. P. Jones, Chairman, Publicity Committee.
President Hale :
Gentlemen, you have heard the report of the Publicity Committee.
What is your pleasure?
Upon motion of Dr. Whitehead, seconded by Dr. Bumgardner, vote
taken and report accepted.
President Hale:
Any other committee reports? Any other business?
Dr. Lineberger :
I have the report of the Committee on Communicable Diseases.
The Committee on Communicable Diseases wishes to call the membership's
attention to a recent action of the North Carolina State Board of Health in
which they declared Vincent's Disease a reportable disease.
Your Committee recommends that the North Carolina Dental Society go
on record as approving the action taken by the North Carolina State Board of
Health and that we stand willing and ready to cooperate with them in this
splendid work.
Respectfully submitted,
J. S. Spurgeox
Ernest A. Branch
H. 0. Lineberger, Chairman.
President Hale:
You have heard Dr. Lineberger's report. What is your pleasure?
Upon motion of Dr. Weaver, seconded by Dr. Wheeler, vote taken
and report accepted.
President Hale:
Any other Committee Keports?
Dr. Pridgen :
Down in Cumberland we bave a member of this Society who attends
the meetings regularly. He has recently had a very tragic occurrence
148 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
affecting his immediate family and I know it is the only reason that he
is not at this meeting and I should like for the Secretary to be instructed
to send Dr. L. G. Hair, of Fayetteville, a telegram with suitable wording
saying that we have missed him, from the Society.
Upon motion and second, vote taken to send the message to Dr.
Hair.
President Hale:
Dr. Pridgen, I think that is a very nice and timely suggestion.
Any more committee reports ?
Dr. Minges:
Mr. President and Gentlemen of the House of Delegates : At our
General Session last night a motion was made to the effect that in the
event the membership reached 500 that the Secretary would auto-
matically become the delegate to the American Dental Association.
Since thinking it over — I am not trying to split hairs — but as I con-
strue the Constitution and By-Laws, the General Session has no right
to transact an Executive matter, so I'd like to move you, Sir, that the
House of Delegates go on record as ratifying the action taken by the
General Session last night, officially so we will not have to go through
with it at each and every meeting.
President Hale:
I don't know whether you are right or wrong. We just elected one
in case. If you want to be doubly sure.
Dr. Minges:
I read in Dr. Fleming's History the only authority the General
Session had was the election of officers. It has no right to adopt a
resolution. My only thought is that the adoption of the standing resolu-
tion be ratified by the House of Delegates.
Dr. Howie:
I'd like to know if that requires a change in the Constitution and
By-Laws ?
President Hale:
No, Sir.
Motion seconded by Dr. Pressnell, vote taken and carried.
President Hale:
Any further business to come before the Society?
Dr. Matheson:
Mr. President and Members of the House Delegates, if it is in order,
I'd like to take up a problem we have with one of the members in our
Containing the Proceedings 149
District. He is up for life membership but his record does not quite
entitle him to it as we have it. S. H. Steelman, of Lineolnton, would
be this year a member of the Dental Society 25 years, however, our
records show that in 1923 he was suspended and in '26 reinstated.
Now, Dr. Steelman, Dr. Fitzgerald and I have had quite a bit of cor-
respondence and Dr. Steelman feels certain that he paid every year and
at the meeting he brought checks with him which I am holding at this
time, made to Dr. J. W. Faucette of Asheville for the payment of
$12. At that time I understand the dues were only $6 a year. This
check would have paid his dues in 1924 and 1925, filling in the gap
and making him paid every year for 25 years. Now he has no proof
of what the $12 check was for but it was given to the Dental Society
and was also endorsed by Dr. C. B. Mott. It was evidently paid at
the general meeting in Asheville and the evidence is that it was paid
for fees. I hardly know what to do and I wish you Gentlemen would
take some action and help us out. Unfortunately, I don't have the
minutes of the meetings with me. We might find out something further
if Dr. Faucette was Secretary-Treasurer of the First District at that
time by looking back in these minutes. That is the only additional in-
formation that I know that I could possibly get.
President Hale:
Does anybody know what the dues were at that time ? "Were they $6
a year?
Member:
What years?
President Hale:
1924 and 1925.
Secretary Fitzgerald:
Mr. President, Dr. Matheson took this matter up with me and I
don't have the books here to show what the dues were. I advised Dr.
Matheson to look over his records and see who was Secretary at that
time. The check in question does not state for what it was made or for
what purpose. I asked him to take the matter up with me later on and
through correspondence that we would try to thresh it out with the
records that we have in our office. If the check was not rejected and
there is any possible way to find out for what purpose it was paid —
we could act on that later, and I think with the evidence in hand that
it is incumbent upon us to act later on the matter.
Dr. Minges:
This perhaps might be edifying to some extent — Dr. Faucette was
Secretary-Treasurer of the First District in 1924-1925. Dr. Carl
Mott did succeed him as Secretary as Dr. Matheson has suggested. I
150 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
am just wondering for the sake of getting through with the thing and
handling it generally if the matter could be referred to the Executive
Committee to handle. If I am in order, I will make that motion.
President Hale:
It has been moved that the matter be referred to the Executive Com-
mittee with power to act.
Dr. Matheson:
I second that motion.
President Hale:
Any discussion?
Vote taken and carried.
President Hale:
Any other Committee reports ?
Gentlemen, I have been remiss in my duty and I am sorry. Dr.
Frank Alford very thoughtfully and very kindly had made for the
North Carolina Dental Society a gavel and gave it to me at the opening
of the session and it is appropriately engraved "North Carolina Dental
Society presented by E. O. Alford." I am sorry that I have overlooked
this from time to time, but I think it is very kind of you and very
thoughtful of you, Dr. Alford, as you usually do those things.
I may be out of line but I do want to thank the Raleigh boys for
their splendid help and cooperation in trying to make this meeting a
success. If it has met with your approval, that is all that is necessary
for them. I don't like to brag on the home town boys but I just can't
help it. They have worked so diligently and beautifully.
A motion for adjournment of the House of Delegates is now in
order.
Motion made and seconded and meeting adjourned at 12 :50 p.m.
FINAL GENERAL SESSION
President Hale:
The last session of the 65th annual meeting of the North Carolina
Dental Society will please come to order.
The first matter of business is the installation of the new President.
Dr. Darden Eure, will you please escort Dr. Frank Alford to the
front.
Frank, few have come to the presidency of this society so well
equipped as you to assume leadership of our organization. You have
the natural ability, temperament and experience to qualify you for out-
standing service, and you love your profession to such a degree as to
Containing the Proceedings 151
initiate all of those qualities into action. It has been one of the happiest
experiences of my life to know you and work with you for many years.
Your integrity and concept of duty will carry the North Carolina Dental
Society to splendid achievement. You have the affection and support
of the members of this Society in all your worthy undertakings. It
is my pleasure and privilege to now declare you installed as President.
(Applause.)
Dr. At ford:
Thank you, Fred. We all like to hear nice things said about us,
even though they are not true.
Fellow Members : One year ago, when the membership of this Society
elected me to serve in this high office, it bestowed on me the highest
honor in its power; the highest honor it can give one of our members;
the greatest honor I ever expect to come to me.
I would be less than human if I did not again say to you, as co-
workers and friends, that I deeply appreciate this expression of con-
fidence on your part. I trust that my efforts towards the upbuilding
of the Society will merit your continued confidence and friendship.
I accept this office with a full realization of the responsibilities that
go with it. My work in the organization in the past years has im-
pressed on my mind the responsibility which rests on me today. Leader-
ship in this Society is not a simple task. I wish to say, however, that
I accept that responsibility and I pledge to you to carry out the duties
of this office, and maintain its traditions, to the best of my ability.
There are a few things for which I take a definite stand, but I have
no desire to force my personal opinions on you. I am your servant. I
ask all of you to give me your advice and cooperation. This Society
has made great progress during the past few years. With your help
we shall continue that progress this year. I hope to turn over to my
successor, next year, a larger and better organization. To this end
I shall direct my efforts. (Applause.)
President Alford:
The next in order is to install the President-elect. Where is he.
Dr. Jones will you bring Dr. Parks forward?
Dr. Claud, it is indeed a pleasure to install you as President-elect of
the North Carolina Dental Society. It is going to be a great pleasure
to work with you. Gentlemen, your President-elect, Dr. Claud Parks.
(Applause.)
Dr. Paris:
Frank and Fellow Members: Thank you, and as I try to go along
with Frank and Paul over there during the coming year, I hope that
my part in tluj effort to carry on the work of this Society will meet,
with your approval. (Applause)
152 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
President Alford:
Next is the installation of the Vice President. Dr. Sheffield, will
you bring Dr. Chamblee forward.
Dr. Chamblee, it is indeed a pleasure to install you as Vice President
of this organization and I am going to see that you find plenty to do.
(Laughter.)
Dr. Chamblee:
Thank you, Frank. I assure you it will be my pleasure to do the best
that I can. If I don't, you call me.
President Alford:
I don't think it is necessary to bring our efficient Secretary-Treasurer
up and without further ceremony Dr. Fitzgerald, it is a very great
pleasure to install you Secretary-Treasurer to succeed yourself.
Secretary Fitzgerald:
Mr. President, thank you. To the members, as I said last night, I
am duly grateful for the honor. When you dump a Secretary-Treasurer
into office, it is useless for him to make promises for what he will do.
He begins work immediately and at the end of the year, you know
what he has done. His work is continuous. I thank you.
President Alford:
Gentlemen, we have been installing the members of the Board of
Dental Examiners, but this Society really recommends that those men
be appointed. However, is Dr. Current here? (Dr. Current went
home.) I'll ask Dr. John Ash by. We will go through the ceremony
of installation. I think the Governor really makes that appointment.
Dr. Ashby, it is with much pleasure that I reinstall you as a member
of the Board of Dental Examiners of North Carolina.
Dr. Ashby:
Thank you. It will be my pleasure to serve to the best of my ability on
the Board of Dental Examiners for the coming term. I pledge you my
best efforts and I hope that I may be of service. (Applause.)
President Alford:
The next order of business is the installation of the Delegates to the
American Dental xlssociation. Come back here, Dr. Jack. (Laughter.) It
gives me great pleasure to reinstall you as Delegate to the American
Dental Association.
Dr. Wilbert Jackson :
When you send a fellow back, he must do the best he can. (Applause.)
Containing the Proceedings 153
President Alford:
The next order of business is the installation of the three alternate
delegates to the American Dental Association, or four, as elected last
night.
Dr. Fitzgerald, who were they. I didn't get them.
Dr. Fitzgerald:
Dr. It. M. Olive; Dr. Walter McRae, Dr. S. E. Moser, and Dr. W. F.
Clayton.
President Alford:
Are those four gentlemen here? Without further ceremony, I declare
these alternate delegates installed to represent us at the American Dental
Association.
If there is no objection at this time I'd like to read my Committee
appointments.
COMMITTEES, 1939-1940
Executive Committee
D. L. Pridgen, 1940, Chairman
0. L. Presnell, 1941 A. S. Bumgardner, 1942
Program-Clinic Committee
Paul Fitzgerald, Chairman
A. Pitt Beam C. C. Poindexter
J. H. Guion H. 0. Lineberger
A. T. Jennette
Ethics Committee
G. Fred Hale, Chairman
O. C. Barker W. L. McRae
R. B. Harrill Z. L. Edwards
Legislative Committee
R. M. Olive, 1940 J. N. Johnson, 1942
E. B. Howie, 1941 W. K. Chapman, 1943
C. C. Poindexter, 1944
Oral Hygiene Committee
E. A. Branch, Chairman
C. S. McCall W. R. McKaughan
Guy Masten C. E. Abernethy
Junius C. Smith
Dental College Committee
Wilbert Jackson, Chairman
W. F. Bell J. P. Jones
J. F. Reece R. M. Olive
J. N. Johnson
154 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Membership Committee
C. M. Parks, Chairman
W. M. Matheson A. W. Craver
Carl A. Barkley J. W. Whitehead
H. E. Nixon
Exhibit Committee
Paul Fitzgerald, Chairman
S. P. Gay Cecil Crank
J. F. Hartness Everett L. Smith
Darden J. Eure
Clinic Board of Censors
A. T. Jennette, Chairman
A. P. Cline H. V. Murray
Vernon Cox S. Robert Horton
R. F. Hunt
Extension Course Committee
D. L. Pridgen, Chairman
N. P. Maddux H. C. Carr
J. H. Nicholson A. S. Cromartie
J. 0. Broughton
Librahy AKv Historical Commission
J. Martin Fleming, Chairman
J. S. Betts W. T. Martin, Seeretar
J. H. Wheeler W. T. Smith
J. S. Spurgeon Royster Chamblee
Resolutions Committee
C. E. Minges, Chairman
J. F. Campbell E. M. Medlin
Harry Keel C. W. Sanders
M. B. Massey
State Institutions Committee
W. W. Rankin, Chairman
R. D. Coffey C. H. Wadsworth
S. E. Moser E. M. Medlin
Coyte Minges J. G. Poole
G. L. Overman
Military Committee
A. P. Cline, Chairman
J. M. Holland Everett Teague
C. B. Younts J. P. Reece
A. M. Schultz
Containing the Proceedings 155
Insurance Committee
F. L. Hunt, Chairman
H. C. Dixon Neal Sheffield
J. A. McClung G. L. Hooper
J. E. L. Thomas
Necrology Committee
W. K. Chapman, Chairman
R. C. Weaver L. G. Coble
G. A. Lazenby J. H. Judd
Oscar Hooks
Sooio-Economics Committee
Paul E. Jones, Chairman
A. C. Current L. M. Edwards
Ralph Jarrett I. H. Hoyle
Z. L. Edwards
Commercial Relations Committee
E. B. Howie, Chairman
I. R. Self C. A. Graham
John Ashby Sam Bobbitt
J. G. Poole
Publications Committee
I. 0. Lineberger, Chairman
D. W. Holcomb G. Fred Hale
W. F. Clayton L. J. Meredith
Communicable Diseases
0. R. Hodgin, Chairman
J. A. Sinclair A. L. Wooten
Theodore Atwood E. A. Branch
C, E. Minges
Committee on Entertainment oe Out-of-state. Visitors
Olin Owen, Chairman
W. F. Bell C. A. Graham
Harry Keel R. M. Olive
T. E. Sikes
Publicity Committee
Burke Fox, Chairman
Walter Clark D. T. Carr
R. Phillip Melvin Victor Bell
Alex Stanford James H. Smith
General Arrangements Committee
John Pharr, Chairman
A. S. Bumgardner L. 0. Herring
C. F. Taylor Ralph Schmucker
T. P. Williamson
156 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Entertainment Committee
J. Donald Kiser, Chairman
B. N. Walker D. B. Mizell
J. R. Bell Grady Ross
Dale Arthur
Golf Committee
Ralph Jarrett, Chairman
R. R. Howes L. M. Daniels
R. E. Spoon J. W. Branham
H. K. Thompson
Superintendents of Clinics Committee
L. F. Bumgardner, Chairman
David Abernethy W. R. Hinton
Moultrie H. Truluck K. L. Johnson
Sandy Marks
A.D.A. Relief Committee
J. C. Watkins, Chairman
Dennis Cook C. I. Miller
W. C. Taylor A. H. Fleming
J. F. Duke
Red Cross Disaster Relief Committee
C. M. Parks, Chairman
W. M. Matheson A. W. Craver
C. A. Barkley J. W. Whitehead
H. E. Nixon
Is there any further business to come before this Session? If not, I
declare the 65th meeting of the North Carolina Dental Society adjourned
to meet in Charlotte next year. (Gavel.) (Applause.)
ROSTER OF MEMBERS
First District
* A. D. Abernethy, Sr Granite Falls
*David Abernethy, Jr Hickory
*G. S. Abernethy Hickory
*W. R. Aiken Asheville
L. P. Baker (Life) Kings Mountain
*0. C. Barker (Life) '.Asheville
*Marshall Robert Barringer Newton
*A. P. Beam Shelby
*W. F. Bell Asheville
C. C. Bennett Asheville
*E. N. Biggerstaff Spindale
A. W. Bottoms Canton
*W. H. Breeland Belmont
* J. F. Campbell Hickory
Lenoir
. .Marion
Biltmore
Gastonia
Containing the Proceedings 157
*W. W. Carpenter Hendersonville
H. H. Carson (Life) Hendersonville
*W. K. Chapman Sylva
*W. E. Clark Asheville
*A. P. Cline Cauton
*Ralph D. Coffey Morganton
*E. W. Connell Mount Holly
♦Dennis S. Cook
Dean H. Crawford
*E. M. Cunningham
*A. C. Current
J. M. Cheek Ral«lgh
•William Davenport Spruce Pine
*F. W. Davis Asheville
J. E. Derby Jryon
B. A. Dickson Manon
*H. C. Dixon Shelby
*B. C. Drum Conover
*D. W. Dudley Asheville
*A. C. Edwards Lawndale
*George J. Evans Asheville
*P R. Palls (Life) Gastonia
*R L. Falls Morganton
*J. R. Fritz Hickory
*H. 0. Froneberger Gastonia
*S P Gay Waynesville
LK.' Grimes.' .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' '.'.'.'.' Asheville
*C. J. Goodwin Brevard
B F Hall Asheville
*C.' H. Harrell.V.V.V.V Lincolnton
*Paul E. Hedrick Lenoir
F. B. Hicks Hickory
r. c. Hicks Shelby
C. Highsmith Gastonia
*Milo J. Hoffman Asheville
*J. Spencer Howell Morganton
*Ralph R. Howes Forest City
F. L. Hunt Asheville
*E. L. Holt MurPhy
0 R. Keith Hendersonville
*A. A. Lackey Fallston
O. Preston Lewis KinS* Mountain
J. B. Little (Life) Hickory
R. A. Little Asheville
*N. P. Maddux Asheville
L. H. Mann Asheville
*James A. Marshburn Black Mountain
*W. M. Matheson Boone
*H M. May Asheville
N. M. Medford Waynesville
*0 L. Moore Lenoir
O. S. Moore Mount Ho,1y
♦Jessie Zachary Moreland Highlands
*S E Moser Gastonia
C. b'. Mott. Morganton
158 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
*Chas. S. McCall Forest City
*D. E. McConnell (Life) Gastonia
C. H. McCracken Asheville
*W. J. McDaniel Rutherf ordton
Daisy McGuire Sylva
*Noracella E. McGuire Sylva
*W. P. McGuire Sylva
J. R. Osborne (Life) Shelby
J. M. Parker (Life) Asheville
*W. H. Parker Valdese
George K. Patterson Asheville
*C. M. Peeler Shelby
*Hugh S. Plaster Shelby
Cecil A. Pless Asheville
Arthur M. Ramsay Marshall
* J. L. Raymer Shelby
W. C. Raymer Newton
R. C. Rhea Canton
* John F. Reece Lenoir
Luther C. Rollins Canton
L. T. Russell Canton
*R. B. Sams Mars Hill
•I. R. Self (Life) Lincolnton
*James A. Sinclair (Life) Asheville
W. M. Sloop Crossnore
*S. H. Steelman Lincolnton
R. R. Steinman Enka
*C. W. Stevens Conover
Paul W. Troutman Hickory
*W. J. Turbyville Asheville
*R. C. Weaver Asheville
E. S. Wehunt Cherry ville
*C. T. Wells Canton
J. L. West Franklin
Frank R. Wilkins Forest City
*C. M. Whisnant Burnsville
W. K. Whitson Asheville
*T. A. Wilkins (Life) Gastonia
P. W. Winchester Morganton
L. W. Woody Spruce Pine
*P. P. Yates Lenoir
*C. B. Yount Hickory
Second District
*George S. Alexander Kannapolis
*Frank 0. Alford Charlotte
T. I. Allen Charlotte
Fred J. Anderson Winston-Salem
* John L. Ashby Mount Airy
L. D. Arthur Charlotte
*Dale F. Arthur Charlotte
J. E. Banner ( Life ) Mount Airy
*Carl A. Barkley Winston-Salem
* J. R. Bell Charlotte
Containing the Proceedings 159
A. Mack Berryhill Charlotte
* J. P. Bingham Lexington
*A. R. Black Charlotte
*V. A. Black Charlotte
*C. A. Blackburn Winston-Salem
Daniel B. Boger Charlotte
*I. A. Booe King
*H. L. Brooks Monroe
*A. S. Bumgardner Charlotte
*R. T. Byerly Winston-Salem
*R. P. Casey North Wilkesboro
Allen Heath Cash Winston-Salem
*A. C. Chamberlain, Jr North Wilkesboro
E. C. Choate Salisbury
*E. G. Click (Life) Elkin
W. J. Conrad (Life) Winston-Salem
L. C. Couch Elkin
* Vernon H. Cox Winston-Salem
R. W. Crews Thomasville
*Hylton K. Crotts Winston-Salem
*W. Clyde Current Statesville
*V. L. DeHart ' Walnut Cove
*S. C. Duncan Monroe
*R. H. Ellington Salisbury
Marvin R. Evans Winston-Salem
S. L. Folger Dobson
J. M. Folger Dobson
*Burke W. Fox Charlotte
* J. B. Freedland Charlotte
*R. A. Frye Pilot Mountain
*C. E. Furr Concord
*W. D. Gibbs Charlotte
* J. H. Guion Charlotte
*R. B. Harrell Elkin
* A. P. Hartness Winston-Salem
J. F. Hartness Davidson
Frank K. Haynes (Life) Charlotte
Gary Hesseman Charlotte
H. C. Henderson (Life) Charlotte
*Ralph E. Herman Taylorsville
*L. 0. Herring Charlotte
*0. R. Hodgin Thomasville
*D. W. Holcomb Winston-Salem
*L. C. Holshouser Rockwell
* J. M. Holland Statesville
R. H. Holliday Thomasville
*P. E. Horton (Life) Winston-Salem
P. C. Hull Charlotte
*R. Nat Hunt Lexington
*Wm. A. Ingram Monroe
*Ralph F. Jarrett Charlotte
H. C. Jent Winston-Salem
*F. G. Johnson Lexington
*0. L. Joyner Kernersville
160 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
*H. L. Keel Winston-Salem
James L. Keerans Charlotte
Cyrus Clifton Keiger (Life) Charlotte
V. B. Kendrick Charlotte
Z. V. Kendrick Charlotte
* W. L. Kibler Charlotte
*0. B. Kirby Charlotte
F. W. Kirk Salisbury
* J. Donald Kiser Charlotte
*A. R. Kistler Monroe
G. L. Krueger Charlotte
*G. A. Lazenby Statesville
*Edwin W. Lipe Kannapolis
*W. C. Logan Winston-Salem
J. G. Marler (Life) Yadkinville
Ernest L. Martin Statesville
Guy M. Masten Winston-Salem
*R. Philip Melvin Winston-Salem
*F. C. Mendenhall Winston-Salem
*Daniel B. Mizell Charlotte
*D. 0. Montgomery Statesville
*E. D. Moore Charlotte
♦Paul Moorefield Mount Airy
*E. Brown Morgan Concord
*T. Duke Morse Walkertown
*J. A. McClung (Life) Winston-Salem
J. M. Neel (Life) Salisbury
*J. H. Nicholson Statesville
Eva Carter Nissen Winston-Salem
Otis Oliver Mount Airy
*01in W. Owen Charlotte
*C. M. Parks Winston-Salem
J. Hugh Parks Kannapolis
R. M. Patterson Concord
*F. N. Pegg Kernersville
J. Claybourne Pennington Thomasville
Ralph E. Petree Charlotte
* John R. Pharr Charlotte
*A. J. Pringle Lawsonville
* J. P. Reece Concord
E. H. Reich Winston-Salem
R. L. Reynolds Lexington
Grady L. Ross Charlotte
♦Haywood Ross Charlotte
Hubert B. Sapp Concord
Ralph Schmucker Charlotte
*W. A. Secrest Winston-Salem
C. F. Smithson (Life) Charlotte
Wade A. Sowers Lexington
*R. E. Spoon Winston-Salem
*Harold E. Story Charlotte
♦Stephen H. Strawn Marshville
J. R. Secrest Winston-Salem
*R. R. Shoaf Lexington
Containing the Proceedings 161
*B. C. Taylor Landis
Carolyn Taylor North Wilkesboro
*C. F. Taylor Charlotte
*L. A. Taylor Winston-Salem
L. E. Taylor Charlotte
W. A. Taylor North Wilkesboro
*W. C. Taylor Salisbury
*C. L. Thomas Mount Airy
♦Harold W. Thompson Low Gap
*Roy Lee Thompson Winston-Salem
*L. P. Trivette Mooresville
M. L. Troutman Kannapolis
•Moultrie H. Truluck Charlotte
R. D. Tuttle Winston-Salem
F. N. Tomlinson Winston-Salem
C. H. Wadsworth Concord
♦Bernard N. Walker Charlotte
♦L. E. Wall Charlotte
*D. T. Waller Charlotte
*J. C. Watkins (Life) Winston-Salem
*G. E. Waynick Winston-Salem
*L M. Waynick Winston-Salem
B. H. Webster Charlotte
*C. D. Wheeler Salisbury
*T. P. Williamson Charlotte
*G. W. Yokeley Winston-Salem
K. M. Yokeley Winston-Salem
J. W. Zimmerman Salisbury
Third District
*C. A. Adams, Jr Durham
P. Y. Adams High Point
♦Theodore Atwood Durham
♦J. S. Betts (Life) Greensboro
W. W. Bowling Durham
♦J. D. Bradsher Roxboro
♦R. W. Brannock Burlington
♦L. H. Butler Greensboro
♦Frederick Silver Caddell Graham
♦Daniel T. Carr Durham
♦Henry C. Carr Durham
♦James N. Caudle Reidsville
♦I. C. Clark Mebane
*R. R. Clarke Chapel Hill
*W. F. Clayton (Life) High Point
♦L. G. Coble ( Life ) Greensboro
♦Cecil Crank Greensboro
*A. W. Craver Greensboro
♦Leland M. Daniels Southern Pines
*L. M. Edwards Durham
♦J. H. Ellerbe Rockingham
*D. H. Erwin Greensboro
Rosco M. Farrell (Life) Pittsboro
162 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
* W. I. Ferrell Troy
*H. Kemp Foster Greensboro
*L. M. Foushee, Jr Burlington
* J. S. Frost Burlington
*J. M. Gardner. Gibson
Reid T. Garrett Rockingham
*F. E. Gilliam Burlington
*C. A. Graham Ramseur
J. J. Hamlin High Point
John N. Hester Reidsville
*W. R. Hinton Greensboro
*R. H. Holden Durham
J. E. Holt Greensboro
* Jack H. Hughes Roxboro
A. H. Johnson Greensboro
*Chas. D. Johnston, Jr Elon College
*J. P. Jones Chapel Hill
*H. A. Karesh Greensboro
*C. D. Kistler Randleman
*G. E. Kirkman Greensboro
*George F. Kirkland Durham
* J. T. Lasley Greensboro
Chas. T. Lipscombe (Life) Greensboro
D. K. Lockhart ( Life ) Durham
B. R. Long Greensboro
*H. S. Long Graham
*R. E. Long Roxboro
*Robert Masten Greensboro
J. R. Meador Reidsville
*E. M. Medlin Aberdeen
*Chas. Ivy Miller Albemarle
J. B. Milliken Siler City
J. S. Moore Reidsville
*H. W. Moore Hillsboro
*Paul L. Munsell Hamlet
*H. V. Murray Burlington
*W. F. Mustain Durham
H. L. Monk, Jr Durham
Charles W. McAnally Madison
S. H. McCall Troy
A. A. McDuffie Candor
♦William Roy McKaughan High Point
* J. B. Newman Burlington
*R. T. Nichols (Life) Rockingham
*Carl P. Norris (Life) Durham
*L. G. Page Yanceyville
*H. M. Patterson Burlington
*D. R. Pitts High Point
♦Charles C. Poindexter Greensboro
*E. F. Pope Albemarle
*0. L. Presnell Asheboro
*Wm. A. Pressly Greensboro
*H. R. Pearman Asheboro
*A. P. Reade Durham
Containing the Proceedings 163
♦Alexander Liles Richardson Leaksville
* J. B. Richardson High Point
♦R. E. Richardson Spray
♦Norman F. Ross Durham
D. R. Salisbury Asheboro
* J. C. Senter Albemarle
*E. W. Shackelford (Life) Durham
*S. W. Shaffer Greensboro
B. B. Shamberger (Life) Star
*Neal Sheffield Greensboro
*T. Edgar Sikes Greensboro
* J. S. Spurgeon ( Life ) Hillsboro
♦Alex R. Stanford Greensboro
*C. N. Stone Greensboro
*Frank M. Stonestreet Albemarle
* John Swain ( Life ) Asheboro
C. H. Teague Greensboro
♦Everett R. Teague Reidsville
E. A. Troxler Greensboro
* J. T. Underwood Durham
♦R. L. Underwood Greensboro
*E. R. Warren Mebane
*Richard Goode Wharton Sanatorium
♦Charles M. Wheeler Greensboro
*J. H. Wheeler (Life) Greensboro
P. B. Whittington Greensboro
*R. A. Wilkins Burlington
B. W. Williamson Hamlet
* J. F. Williamson Wadesboro
*F. Spencer Woody Roxboro
*G. N. Yates Durham
♦L. H. Zimmerman High Point
L. R. Zimmerman High Point
T. R. Zimmerman High Point
Fourth District
♦C. E. Abernethy Raleigh
♦H. L. Allen Henderson
R. T. Allen (Life) Lumberton
*B. L. Aycock Princeton
♦Clarence D. Bain (Life) Dunn
*E. D. Baker Raleigh
C. A. Blalock Wendell
*A. D. Barber Sanf ord
James B. Bardin Chadbourn
♦Victor E. Bell Raleigh
♦R. M. Blackman Selma
♦S. L. Bobbitt, Jr Raleigh
♦E. A. Branch Raleigh
♦Howard Branch Raleigh
♦J. Walter Branham Raleigh
♦E. H. Broughton Raleigh
♦C. H. Bryan Apex
♦J. K. Bryan Oxford
164 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
♦L. E. Buie Raleigh
*T. T. Bullard Roseboro
♦Robert Byrd Raleigh
N. G. Carroll ( Life ) Raleigh
*H. R. Chamblee Raleigh
*R. D. Clements Raleigh
*H. E. Coleman Warrenton
*J. F. Coletrane Zebulon
* W. E. Campbell Raleigh
*A. S. Cromartie (Life) Fayeteville
*I. H. Davis (Life) Oxford
♦George E. Dennis Raleigh
* J. R. Edwards Fuquay Springs
*Paisley Fields (Life) Fairmont
*S. J. Finch Oxford
♦Arthur H. Fleming (Life) Louisburg
*J. Martin Fleming (Life) Raleigh
*Cecil Fuqnay Coats
*Edmond Theodore Glenn Smithfield
♦Reid T. Goe Raleigh
*R. F. Graham Rowland
L. J. Hair (Life) Fayetteville
*G. Fred Hale Raleigh
N. T. Holland (Life) Clayton
*G. L. Hooper Dunn
*S. Robert Horton (Life) Raleigh
♦E. B. Howie (Life) Raleigh
*I. H. Hoyle Henderson
* J. K. Hunt Jonesboro
*E. W. Hunter Sanford
♦Thomas M. Hunter Henderson
*Wilbert Jackson Clinton
* John A. Jernigan Dunn
♦Charles B. Johnson Lillington
* J. C. Johnson Raleigh
*K. L. Johnson Raleigh
*M. L. Johnson Whiteville
♦Marvin T. Jones, Jr Raleigh
♦R. S. Jones Warrenton
♦J. S. Judd (Life) Fayetteville
♦E. N. Lawrence Raleigh
♦E. G. Lee Clinton
Kemp Lindsay Fayetteville
♦H. 0. Lineberger Raleigh
*W. T. Martin (Life) Raleigh
L. M. Massey Zebulon
♦W. J. Massey, Jr Smithfield
♦L. J. Moore St. Pauls
♦E. W. McCracken (Life) Sanford
♦S. R. McKay Lillington
♦Walter L. McRae Red Springs
♦R. M. Olive Fayetteville
♦Lawrence H. Paschal Fayetteville
Anton A. Phillips Warrenton
♦D. L. Pridgen Fayetteville
Containing the Proceedings 165
* J. M. Pringle Elizabethtown
*Paul Person Apex
*W. W. Rankin Raleigh
*C. W. Sanders Benson
*Everette L. Smith Raleigh
♦D. T. Smithwick Louisburg
D. I. Stallings Thomasville, Ga.
* J. E. Swindell Raleigh
W. W. Taylor Warrenton
* J. J. Tew Clayton
*S. B. Towler Raleigh
M. F. Townsend Lumberton
*R. A. Turlington (Life) Clinton
A. D. Underwood Raleigh
*M. A. Waddell Fair Bluff
S. R. Watson (Life) Henderson
* J. W. Whitehead Smithfield
♦Dewitt C. Woodall Erwin
*W. F. Yates Chadbourn
*T. L. Young Raleigh
Fifth District
♦Sidney V. Allen Wilmington
*Vernon M. Barnes Wilson
*M. D. Bissett Wilson
A. B. Bland Wallace
A. C. Bone Rocky Mount
*Dewey Boseman Wilson
J. 0. Broughton Wilmington
* J. W. Brown Rich Square
*H. E. Butler Elizabeth City
* J. P. Butler Farmville
J. D. Carlton ( Life ) Rocky Mount
F. G. Chamblee Spring Hope
*Harvey W. Civils New Bern
Fred H. Coleman Wilmington
R. C. Daniels Southport
R. A. Daniels Roanoke Rapids
J. H. Dreher (Life) Wilmington
*J. F. Duke Washington
*L. J. Dupree Kinston
*A. C. Early Aulander
*C. D. Eatman Rocky Mount
*E. L. Eatman Rocky Mount
* J. R. Edundson ( Life ) Wilson
*H. A. Edwards Pink Hill
*Z. L. Edwards Washington
*Darden J. Eure Morehead City
♦Paul Fitzgerald Greenville
♦Marcus Alton Garris Weldon
C. H. Geddie Elm City
E. C. Grady Elm City
Wallace S. Griffin Edenton
♦Arthur Gollobin Elizabeth City
166 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
W. L. Hand New Bern
*Guy V. Harris Belhaven
*M. M. Harris Elizabeth City
W. I. Hart Edenton
*Oscar Hooks (Life) Wilson
*R. F. Hunt Rocky Mount
C. L. Hutchinson Bethel
*M. E. Herman Enfield
*A. T. Jennette Washington
*B. McK. Johnson Greenville
*C. B. Johnson New Bern
*J. N. Johnson (Life) Goldsboro
Wade H. Johnson Plymouth
*Paul E. Jones (Life) Farmville
*Dennis F. Keel Farmville
* J. M. Kilpatrick Robersonville
E. T. Koonce Kinston
*C. G. Lancaster Windsor
*A. R. Mallard Goldsboro
*S. E. Malone (Life) Goldsboro
Sandy C. Marks Wilmington
*M. B. Massey Greenville
W. C. Mercer Williamston
* Leslie J. Meredith (Life) Wilmington
*Clyde E. Minges Rocky Mount
*Carl N. Moore Wilmington
R. W. Moore Tarboro
*B. R. Morrison Wilmington
* W. E. Murphrey Roanoke Rapids
*Coyte R. Minges Rocky Mount
*H. E. Nixon Elizabeth City
*G. L. Overman Goldsboro
William Parker Elizabeth City
*Gates McKaughan Rocky Mount
*Z. V. Parker New Bern
*Guy E. Pigf ord Wilmington
* J. G. Poole Kinston
*S. D. Poole Goldsboro
*C. G. Powell Ahoskie
* Jordan B. Powell, Jr Ahoskie
*G. W. Price 'Kinston
*W. T. Ralph Belhaven
*C. R. Riddick Ayden
*Alf red M. Schultz Greenville
* James H. Smith Wilmington
♦Junius C. Smith Wilmington
*W. T. Smith (Life) Wilmington
*Thos. W. Smithson Rocky Mount
♦Herbert Spear Kinston
* J. L. Spencer Williamston
*J. W. Stanley (Life) Wilmington
*W. B. Sherrod Scotland Neck
*E. W. Tatum Mount Olive
*C. A. Thomas Wilmington
Containing the Proceedings 167
* J. E. L. Thomas Tarboro
♦Horace K. Thompson Wilmington
♦Robert Lee Tomlinson Wilson
*R. S. Turlington Goldsboro
* J. V. Turner Wilson
*L. R. Turner Jacksonville
W. J. Ward Weldon
W. M. Ward Roanoke Rapids
♦Ramsey Weathersbee Wilmington
*H. E. Weeks Tarboro
* J. Prank West Roanoke Rapids
*A. P. Whitehead Rocky Mount
*R. L. Whitehurst Rocky Mount
*R. E. Williams Goldsboro
*0. L. Wilson Kinston
* W. L. Woodard Beaufort
*A. L. Wooten Wilson
*J. Hugh Yelverton (Life) Wilson
*W. H. Young Burgaw
* J. W. Zachary Hertford
Cedric Vollers Ziberlin Wallace
* Indicates members registered at the Sixty-fifth Annual Meeting, Raleigh, N. C, May 1,
2, and 3, 1939.
(Life) Life members, by virtue of having paid dues for twenty-five consecutive years.
INACTIVE LIST
L. V. Henderson Virginia
J. S. Hoffman Charlotte
W. F. Maderis Charlotte
P. L. Pearson Apex
J. H. Ihrie Wendell
J. A. Oldham Wilmington
W. F. Jones North Wilkesboro
H. R. Cromartie Raef ord
Ralph Ray Gastonia
DENTISTS LICENSED TO PRACTICE IN NORTH CAROLINA AT THE
OFFICIAL EXAMINATION HELD JUNE 1939
Dr. Richard D. Darby - Dallas, N. C.
Dr. Alice McGuire - - Sylva, N C.
Dr. Harold McGuire Andrews, N. C.
Dr. William D. Yelton - Lawndale, N. C.
Dr. Joe V. Davis, Jr Concord, N. C.
Dr. George W. Smith Rutherfordton, N. C.
Dr. N. B. Woodard Gatesville, N. C.
Dr. I. R. Self, Jr Lincolnton, N. C.
Dr. Stuart J. Ward Robersonville, N. C.
Dr. Paul T. Harrell Cofield, N. C
Dr. Ervin M. Funderburk Trion, Ga.
168
Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Dr. J. T. Thomas Greensboro, N. C.
Dr. G. B. F. Traylor Rich Square, N. C.
Dr. Amand C. Vipond Norfolk, Va.
Dr. N. D. Fox New Hope, N. C.
Dr. M. 0. Fox New Hope, N. C.
Dr. Thomas G. Nisbet Huntersville, N. C.
Dr. Ben Grant, Jr Andrews, N. C.
Dr. Dan Wright Greenville, N. C.
Dr. John E. Pleasants Aberdeen, N. C.
Dr. Raymond R. Renfrow Fair Bluff, N. C.
Dr. Pearson W. Brown Asheville, N. C.
Dr. James P. Bingham, Jr Lexington, N. C.
Dr. Harold E. Plaster Winston-Salem, N. C.
Dr. Howard D. Apple Reidsville, N. C.
Dr. Charles F. Herndon, Jr Eberton, Ga.
Dr. Guy R. Willis Marshallberg, N. C.
Dr. Samuel J. Potts Fair Bluff, N. C.
Dr. W. E. Neal Stuart, Va.
Dr. Walter McFall Nashville, Tenn.
PRESIDENTS OF THE SOCIETY SINCE ITS ORGANIZATION
1875-76 *B. F. Arrington 1905
1876-77 *V. E. Turner 1906
1877-78 *J. W. Hunter 1907
1878-79 *E. L. Hunter 1908
1879-80 *D. E. Everett 1909
1880-81 *Isaiah Simpson 1910
1881-82 *M. A. Bland 1911
1882-83 * J. F. Griffith 1912
1883-84 *W. H. Hoffman 1913
1884-85 * J. H. Durham 1914
1885-86 *J. E. Matthews 1915
1886-87 *B. H. Douglas 1916
1887-88 *T. M. Hunter 1917-
1888-89 *V. E. Turner 1918-
1889-90 *S. P. Hilliard 1919
1890-91 •. *H. C. Herring 1920
1891-92 *C. L. Alexander 1921-
1892-93 *F. S. Harris 1922
1893-94 *C. A. Rominger 1923
1894-95 *H. D. Harper 1924
1895-96 *R. H. Jones 1925-
1896-97 *J. E. Wyche 1926-
1897-98 *H. V. Horton 1927
1898-99 C. W. Banner 1928-
1899-1900 *A. C. Liverman 1929-
1900-01 *E. J. Tucker 1930-
1901-02 J. S. Spurgeon 1931-
1902-03 * J. H. Benton 1932-
1903-04 J. M. Fleming 1933-
1904-05 *W. B. Ramsey 1934-
■06 J. S. Betts
■07 J. R. Osborne
•08 *D. L. James
09 F. L. Hunt
10 J. C. Watkins
■11 A. H. Fleming
12 P. E. Horton
•13 *R. G. Sherrill
■14 C. F. Smithson
•15 J. A. Sinclair
•16 1. H. Davis
17 *R. O. Apple
18 *R. M. Squires
19 J. N. Johnson
•20 W. T. Martin
21 J. H. Judd
22 *W. M. Robey
23 S. R. Horton
24 *R. M. Morrow
25 J. A. McClung
26 H. O. Lineberger
27 B. F. Hall
28 E. B. Howie
29 1. R. Self
30 J. H. Wheeler
31 Paul E. Jones
32 Dennis Keel
33 Wilbert Jackson
34 Ernest A. Branch
35 L. M. Edwards
Containing the Proceedings 169
1935-36 Z. L. Edwards 193S-39 G. Fred Hale
1936-37 D. L. Pridgen 1939-40 F. O. Alford
1937-38 J. F. Reece
* Deceased.
HONORARY MEMBERS
Ames, J. W Smithfield, Va.
Austin, J. L Chattanooga, Tenn.
Baker, Stanley Greenwood, S. C.
Ball, Edward L Cincinnati, Ohio
Bear, Harry Richmond, Va.
Bland, C. A Charlotte, N. C.
Bogle, R. B Nashville, Tenn.
Byrnes, R. R Atlanta, Ga.
Callahan, P. E McRae, Ga.
Cannon, Claude C Fayette, Ala.
Cason, W. L Athens, Ga.
Collins, Clara C Atlanta, Ga.
Cooper, George M Raleigh, N. C.
Cuthbertson, C. W Washington, D. C.
Dale, J. A Nashville, Tenn.
Dunning, W. B New York, N. Y.
Eby, Joseph D 54 East 62d St., New York City
Foster, S. W Atlanta, Ga.
Garrett, Steve A Atlanta, Ga.
Goldberg, E. H Bennettsville, S. C.
Gorman, J. A New Orleans, La.
Gurley, Webb B Richmond, Va.
Hardin, W. R Atlanta, Ga.
Harrison, Guy R Richmond, Va.
Hartzell, Thomas B Minneapolis, Minn.
Hill, Thomas J Cleveland, Ohio
Hotter, Carl W Nashville, Tenn.
Howard, Clinton C Atlanta, Ga.
Howe, Percy R Boston, Mass.
Huff, M. D Atlanta, Ga.
Jasper, E. A St. Louis, Mo.
Jennings, G. A. C Richmond, Va.
Jeserich, Paul D Ann Arbor, Mich.
Johnson, H. H Macon, Ga.
Kelsey, H. L Baltimore, Md.
King, Otto U Chicago, 111.
Kracke, Roy R Emory University, Atlanta, Ga.
Lambert, W. E Atlanta, Ga.
Lanier, William D Oteen, N. C.
170 Bulletin North Carolina Dental Society
Maves, T. W Minneapolis, Minn.
Malone, R. W U. S. Navy
Mead, Sterling V Washington, D. C.
Milner, H. A Aiken, S. C.
Moore, S. W Baltimore, Md.
Neil, Ewell Nashville, Tenn.
Netherlands, Frank Asheville, N. C.
Nodine, Alonzo M London
Paffenbarger, Geo. C Washington, D. C.
Price, Weston Cleveland, Ohio
Quattlebaum, E. G ". .Columbia, S. C.
Rickert, U. G Ann Arbor, Mich.
Robinson, J. Ben Baltimore, Md.
Ruhl, J. P New York City
Russell, A. Y Baltimore, Md.
Rutledge, B Florence, S. C.
Sears, Andy W Jacksonville, Fla.
Sears, Victor H New York City
Sheffield, L. Langdon Toledo, Ohio
Simpson, R. L Richmond, Va.
Summerman, D. H Philadelphia, Pa.
Smith, A. E Chicago, 111.
Spratley, W. W Richmond, Va.
Star, E. L Philadelphia, Pa.
Stevenson, Albert H New York City
Stewart, H. T New York City
Stone, A. E Philadelphia, Pa.
Strickland, A. C Anderson, S. C.
Sturdivant, R. E Atlanta. Ga.
Tench, R. W New York City
Thompson, Webb Spartanburg, S. C.
Tileson, H. B Louisville, Ky.
Tuller, Charles S New Orleans, La.
Turner, C. R Philadelphia, Pa.
Visanska, S. A Atlanta. Ga.
Vonderlehr, R. A Washington, D. C.
Wash, A. M Richmond, Va.
Whitaker, J. D Indianapolis, Ind.
White, J. A Williamston, N. C.
Wooding, C. E Winston-Salem, N. C.
Wright, John B Raleigh, N. C.
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