(J
u^
cparfmcnf of fhc ^rricrior
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
27
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM,
Vol. I^^.
1881.
PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1882.
This and the previous volumes of the Proceedings of tlie United
States National Museum have been published under the editorial super-
vision of Tarleton H. Bean, M. D., Curator, Department of Fishes.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.
Anonymous. The Comparative action of Dry Heat and Sulphurous Acid upon Putrefactive
Bacteria 20G
Baird, S. F. Notes on certain Aboriginal Shell Mounds on the Coast of New Brunswick
and of New England 292-297
Bean, TapSctton SI. Descriptionsof New Species of Fishes (ITrafiiiea iraargimato, Potawo-
••■ cottus Bcndirei). and of Myctopliuin crenulare, J. and G 26-29
Notes on some Fishes from Hudson's Bay 127-129
Descriptions of New Fishes from Alaska and Siberia 144-159
Directions for Collecting and Preserving Fish 235-238
A Preliminary Catalogue of the Fishes of Alaskan and Adjacent Waters 239-272
A Partial Bibliography of the Fishes of the Pacitic Coast of the United States and of
Alaska, for the year 1880 ..., 312-317
Notes on a Collection of Fishes made by Capt. Henry E. Nichols, IJ. S. N., in British
Columbia and Southern Alaska, with Inscriptions of New Species and a New Genus (De-
lolepis) 463-474
(See also under Goode and Bean.)
Bendire, Capt. C'harlesi, U. S. A. Notes on (S'aJmowj'dfB of the Upper Columbia 81-87
Boyd. C. Iff. Bemains of the Walrus (?) in Maine '234,235
(Jas-lin, '^Villiain E. OhseTvations o{ Sircdon licheTwides 120,121
»an, W. Iff. On the Genera of 0/ii«on« 279-291
On certain Limpets and Chitons from the Deep Waters off the Eastern Coast of the
United States 400-414
EndSich, F. M. An Analysis of Water destructive to Fish in the Gulf of Mexico 124
Farloxv, Dr. W. G. Keport on the Contents of two bottles of Water from the Gulf of
Mexico, forwarded by the Smithsonian Institution 234
CSilbea'J, CBaarBe.^ Iff. (See under Jordan and Gilbert.)
Crill, Thfoalorc. Note on the Latiloid Genera 162-164
Glazier, W. C W., Assistant Surgeon, M. H. S. On the Destruction of Fish by Polluted
Waters in the Gulf of Mexico 126, 127
OooiJe, <R. Bro^vta. The Taxonomic Relations and Geographical Distribution of the
Members of the Swordflsh Family {Xiphiidce) ■... 415-433
Cloode, CJ. Bro^vn, and Tarlclon H. Hcan. Description of a New Species of Fish
{Apogo7i pandionis) , from the Deep Water ofl" the Mouth of Chesapeake Bay 160, 161
Benthodesmus, a New Genus of Deep-sea Fishes, allied to Lepidopus 379-383
Halves, George W., Ph. D. On the Mineralogical Composition of the Normal Mesozoic
Diabase upon the Atlantic Border 129-134
On the Determination of Feldspar in Thin Sections of Rocks 134-136
IngcrsoII, Ei-Ejcst. On the Fish Mortality in the Gulf of Mexico 74-80
Japasjesc ILegatioii. Catalogue of l^ Collectioi^ of Japanese Cotton Fiber presented to the
United States National Museum by the Government of Japan, together with the Amount
of the Annual Crop of Japan, and the Price of Cotton 449-453
Johiir4on, S. Iff. Notes ou the Mortality among Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico 205
Jos-daci, E5avid S., and IPicrre l,. .louy. Check-list of Duplicates of Fishes from
the Pacific Coast of North America, distributed by the Smithsonian Institution in behalf
of the United States National Museum, 1881 1-18
Jordan, David S., and Charles H. Gilbert. Notes on the Fishes of the Pacific
Coast of iho United States 29-70
Description of Sehastichthys mystinus 70-72
m
IV TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.
Jordan, David S., and Charles Bl. Clilbt^rt. Description of a Ifew Species of Pij/-
chochilus (I't.i/chochilus Harfordi), from Sacramento Kiver 72, 73
Notes on Kaia inornata 73, 74
Notes on a Collection of Fishes, made by Lieut. Henry E. Nichols, U. S. N., on the West
Coast of Mexico, with Descriptions of Now Species 225-233
List of Fishes collected by Lieut, Henry E. Nichols, U. S. N., in the Gulf of California,
and on the "West Coast of Lower California, with Descriptions of Four New Species 273-279
Descriptions of Thirty-Three New Species of Fishes from Mazatlan, Mexico 338-3G5
Description of a New Species of Pomadasys from Mazatlan, with a Key to the Species
known to Inhabit the Pacific Coasts of Tropical America S83-388
Description of a New Species of Xenichthys {Xenichthys xenurus), from the "West Coast of
Central America 454
Description of Five New Species of Fishes from Mazatlan, Mexico 458-4G3
•Sony, Pierre ti. Description of a New Species of Squalius (Sqxiallus alicice), from Utah
Lake 19
Liawrcncc, Ocorgc N. Description of a Now sub-Species of Loxigilla, from the Island
of St. Christopher, West Indies 204, 205
Cockinglon, W. IV. Description of a New Genus and Species of OottMce 141-144
JLuggcr, Gtto. The Occurrence of the Canada Porcupine in Maryland 161,162
JUcKay, CJharIca Ij. A Review of the Genera and Species of the Family CentrarcJddce,
with a description of One New Species 87-93
ITIoore, M. A. Fish Mortality in the Gulf of Mexico 125,126
Pirz, Anthony. Methods of Making and Preserving Plaster Casts 272,273
Plateau, OT. Felix. The Kapid Preparation of Large Myological Specimens 388-391
Porter, JTosepli V., Assistant Surgeon, IT. S. A. On the Destruction of Fish by Poisonous
Water in the Gulf of Mexico 121-123
Rathbuii, Kichard. List of Marine Invertebrates, mainly from the New England Coast,
distributed by the United States National Museum. (Series IT.) 298-303
List of Marino Invertebrates from the New England Coast, Distributed by the United
States National Museum. (Series III.) 304-307
Rau, €haii'l«>s. List of Anthropological Publications (of Charles Rau) 4.55-458
Bidgway, Robert. On a Duck new to the North American Fauna 22-24
On Aviazllia yucatanensis (Cabo{), and A. cerviniventris, Gould 25, 20
A Review of the Genus Ocnturxis, Swainson 93-11!)
List of Species of Middle and South American Birds not Contained in the United States
National Museum 165-203
List of Sjjecial Desiderata among North American Birds 207-223
Catalogue of Old World Birds in the United States National Museum 317-333
Notes on Some Costa Rican Birds 333-337
Description of a New Flycatcher and a Supposed New Petrel, from the Sandwich Islands 337, 338
Description of a New Owl from Porto Rico , 366-371
Descriptions of Two New Thrushes from the United States 374-379
On Two Recent Additions to the North American Bird Fauna, by L. Belding 414, 415
Ryder, John A. On Semper's Method of Making Dry Preparations 224,225
Shnafelldt. R. W., U. S. A. Remarks upon the Osteology of Op/icosauj-MS renfraKs 392-400
Suiith, Ro.«a. Description of a New Gobioid Fish (Othonops cos), from San Diego, Cal 19-21
Description of a New Species of Oobiesox {Oobiesox rhessodon), from San Diego, Cal 140, 141
SMjilh, i^ilas B. On the Chinnook Names of the Salmon in the Columbia River 391,^92
SJejncgcr, l^conhard. Description of Two New Races of Myadestcs nbscurus, Lafr 371-374
Tran!!ilation. Metallic Castings of Delicate Natural Objects 161
Trwe, Frederick W. On the North American Land Tortoises of tho Genus Zerohates 434-449
On the Rare Rodent, Cricetodipus parvus (Baird), Coues 474, 475
Ward, r,. F. Catalogue of a Collection of Japanese Woods, presented to the United States
National Museum by the University of Tokio, Japan 308-311
White, C. A. On certain Cretaceous Fossils from Arkansas and Colorado 136-139
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
LIST OF APPENDICES.
No. 1. Plan of organization and regulations Pages.. 58
No. 2. Cii'culai' adtlressed to friends of tlie museum Pages.. 2
No. 3. Circular in reference to petroleum collections Pages. . 2
No. 4. Circular concerning the department of insects Pages . . 1
No. 5. Establishment and officers Pages.. 2
No. 6. Classification and arrangement of the materia medica collection. By James M. Flint,
surgeon, United States Navy .. Pages.. 2
No. 7. A classification of the forms in which drugs and medicines appear and are aAninistered.
By James M. Flint, surgeon, United States Navy Pages . . 7
No. 8. Memoranda of collectors of drugs for the materia medica section of the National Museum.
By James M. Flint, surgeon. United Stites Navy Pages . . 2
No. 9. Circular in reference to the huilding-stono collection Pages.. g
No. 10. Two letters on the work of the National Museum. By Barnet Phillips Pages. . 10
No. 11. A provisional classification of the food collection. By G-. Brown Goodo Pages. . 18
No. 12. Classification of the collection to illustrate the art of taxidermy Pages.. 2
No. 13. Outline of a scheme of museum classification. By G. Brown Goode Pages.. 4
No. 14. Circular requesting material for the library Pages.. 3
No. 15. The organization and objects of the National Museum Pages . . 4
No. 16. Plans for the installation of collections ....Pages.. 2
No. 17. Contributions and their acknowledgment Pages.. 1
No. IS. List of publications of the United States National Museum Pages. . 12
r
LIST OF CORRECTIONS.
[Vol. IV, Proc. Nat. Mus. 1881.]
Page IV, fifth liue from the bottom, for Zerobaies read Xerobates.
Page V, for a first line insert — Appendix Page 534.
Page V, for List of Appendices read List of Circulars.
Page V, line 8 from bottom, for pages 18 read pages 22.
Page V, liue 11, for memoranda of, &c., read memoranda for, &c.
Page V, below bottom line insert — General Index Page 477.
Pages 137, 138, 139, for Plate—, read Plate I.
Plate facing page 138, change explanation so as to read — Explanation of Plate I;
change head-line of plate so as to read — Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. IV, Plate I.
Page 272, No. 91, Coregonus cJnpeiformise should be Coregonus clu])eiformis.
Page 272, No. IIG, Ammates aureus should be Ammocoetes aureus.
Page 323, line 16, for Artemince read Artamina'.
Page 324, line 21, for CorvUnw read Corvina;.
Page 327, liue 45, for Phcenicophaiuw read Phcenicophaininw.
Page 329, line 11, for Phasianena'. read Phasianinw.
Page 336, line 6 from bottom, for Nyctibus read Nyctibius.
Page 444, liue 5 from bottom, for welcome read unwelcome.
Page 455, liue 1, for List of Anthropological Publications read List of An-
thropological Publications of Charles Rau.
Page 472, line 29, for Sebasiichthys ruber read Sebasticlithys proriger Jor. & Gilb.
Page 472, liue 36, for Sebastodes 2)aucispi»is read Hehastivldhys proriger Jor. & Gilb.
Appeudix 1, page 37, liue 17, omit the word only.
Appendix 18, page 4, line 15, for 1263 read 263.
Appendix 1-^, page 10, line 29, for Dhll read Dall.
Appeudix 18, page 10, line 6 from bottom, for Jgny read Jouy.
Appendix 18, page 11, liue 5 from bottom, for Zerobates read Xerobates.
Appendix 18, page 12, line 11, for memoranda of, &c., read memoranda for, &.c.
Appeudix 18, page 12, line 8 from bottom, for pages 18 read pages 22.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
18S1.
CBECK-I^IST OF I>UPr.ICATES OF FISHFJ!^ FROITI THF PACIFIC
COA8T OF IVORTH AMERICA, DISTRIBUTE© BY THE SI?IITH>
SONIAN IIVSTITUTIOIV IIV BEHAIiF OF THE UIVITED STATES
NATIOrVAI. MUSEUM, 1881.
Prepared by DAVID ». JORDAIV and PIERRE E. JOUlf.
HIPPOCAMPID^.
1. Hippocampus ingens Grd.
7404. California.
SYNGNATHID^.
2. Siphostoma leptorhynchus * (Grd.) J. & G.
26808. San Diego, California.
3. Siphostoma californieilse (Storer) J. & G.
26943. Sauta Barbara, California. 1 27199. San Francisco, California.
27050. Monterey, California. 1 27380. Santa Barbara, California.
AULORHYNCHID^.
4 Aulorhynchus flavidus Gill.
27021. Monterey, California.
GASTEEOSTEID^.
5. Gasterosteus (aculeatus var.) cataphractust (Pallas) J. & G.
27284. Piiget Sound.
6. Gasterosteus microcephalus Grd.
7814. San Francisco, California.
PLEURONECTID^.
7. Aphoristia atricauda Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
27396. San Diego, California.
8. Pleuronichthys verticalis Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
26979. Monterey, California. | 27230, San Francisco, California.
* Including Sj/ngiidthtisdimidiatus Gill,
t Oasterostcus serratits Ayres.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
9. Pleuronichthys decurrens Jor. & Gilb. •
(Types.)
2C978. Monterey, California.
10. Pleuronichthys ccsnosus Grd.
25025. Santa Catalina Island, California.
25049. Wilmington, California.
26769. San Diego, California.
27056. Monterey, California.
11. Hypsopsetta guttulata (Grd.) Gill.
24871. San Diego, California.
24910.
26768.
12. Cynicoglossus pacificus Lockington.
27058. Monterey, California.
27228. San Francisco, CaUfomia.
27115. San Francisco, Califoi'nia.
27123. San Francisco, California.
27231. "
27274. Puget Sound.
27298. "
26841. San Pedro, California.
26902. Santa Barbara, California.
26938. " "
27302. Puget Sound.
13. Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington.
26985. Monterey, California.
27124. San Francisco, California.
14. Pleuronectes stellatus Pallas.
22683. California.
24163. San Francisco, California.
24164. ^ "
26915. San Luis Obispo, California.
15. Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayrcs) Gill.
27003. Monterey, California.
27117. San Francisco, California.
27210. Point Eeyes, California.
27059. Monterey, California.
27227. San Francisco, California.
27273. Puget Sound.
27299. Puget Sound.
16. Parophrys ischyrus Jor. & Gilb.
(Typos.)
27266. Puget Sound.
17. Parophrys isolepis (Lock.) J. & G.
(Types.)
26982. Monterey, California.
27116. San Francisco, CaUfomia.
27229.
27301. Puget Sound.
27347. "
18. Parophrys vetulus Grd..
27057. Monterey, California.
27232. San Francisco, California.
19. Citharichthys sordidus (Grd.) Gthr.
24168. San Francisco, California.
27002. Monterey, California.
27120. San Francisco, CaUfomia.
20. Psettichthys melauostictus Grd.
27000. Monterey, California.
27119. San Francisco, CaUfornia.
27300. Puget Sound.
27233. San Francisco, California.
27325. Puget Sound.
27234. San Francisco, California.
27348. Puget Sound.
21. Hippoglossoides exilis Jor. & Gilb
(Types.)
27061. Monterey, California.
27121. San Francisco, California.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3
22. Hippoglossoides elassodon Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
27062. Puget Sound. | 27263. Pnget Sound.
23. Hippoglossoides jordani Lockiugtou.
26981. Monterey, California. | 27118. San Francisco, Califomiai
24. ParaHchthys maculosus Grd.
17063. Santa Barbara, California.
24813. San Diego, California.
24874. " "
25079. Santa Barbara, CaUfomia.
26767. San Diego, California.
26847. San Pedro, California.
26930. Santa Barbara, California.
27060. Monterey, California.
27125. San Francisco, California.
25. Xystreurys liolepis Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
26884. Santa Barbara, California.
26. Hippoglossus vulgaris Flem.
27326. Straits of Fuca. (Skulls.)
27. Atheresthes stomias Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
27122. Point Reyes, California. | 27186. Point Keyes, CaUfomlai
GADIDiE.
28. Merlucius productus (Ayres) Gill,
27010. Monterey, California. I 27203. San Francisco, California.
27167. San Francisco, California. | 27295. Puget Sotind.
29. PoUachius chalcogrammus (Pallas) J. & G.
27312. Puget Sound.
30. Gadus morrliua L.
27318. Puget Sound.
31. Microgadus proximus CGrd.) Gill.
24050. San Francisco, California. I 27317. Puget Sound.
27183. u .. I
BROTULIDJE.
32. Brosmophycis marginatus (Ayres) Gill.
27045. Point Reyes, California.
OPHIDIIDJE.
33. Ophidium taylori Grd.
7863. California. 1 27393. Monterey, Callfonila.
27130. San Francisco, California. I
CONGROGADIDJE.
34. Scytalina cerdale Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
27400. Cape Flattery, Washington Territory.
4 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
ZOARGID^.
35. Lycodopsis pacificus CoUett.
27143. Point Reyes, California. | 27334. Cape Flattery, Washington Territory.
36. Lycodopsis paucidens* (Lock.) Gill.
27142. Point Reyes, California.
BLENNIID^.
37. AnarrhicMhys ocellatus Ayres.
23396. Neah Bay, Washington Territory.
27054. Monterey, California.
27149. San Francisco, California.
38. Lumpenus auguillaris (Pallas) Gill.
27154. Paget Sound.
27194. San Francisco, California.
27272. Puget Sound.
27258. Puget Sound.
39. Xiphister rupestris Jor. & Gilb.
27001. Monterey, California.
40. Xiphister mucosus (Grd.) Jor.
26999. Monterey, California.
41. Xiphister chirus J. & G.
(Types.)
I 27327. Cape Flattery, Washington Territory.
27328. Cape Flattery, Washington Territory.
(Types.)
I 27338. Puget Sound.
27175. Monterey, California.
42. Cebedichthys violaceus Grd.
26998. Monterey, California.
43. Anoplarchus alectrolophus (Pallas) J. & G
27339. Cape Flattery, Washington Territory.
44. Apodichthys fucorum Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
26994. Monterey, California.
27392. San Francisco, California.
45. Apodichthys flavidus Grd.
G674. California.
7334. San Francisco, California.
20328. California.
23408. Neah Bay, AVashington Territory.
46. Muraenoides ornatust (Grd.) Gill.
27181. Puget Sound.
27192.
27163. San Francisco, California.
27193.
27335. Cape Flattery, Washington Territory.
27330. (Jape Flattery, Washington Territory.
47. Cremnobates integripinnist Rosa Smith.
20547. San Uiejio, CaliAiniia. | 27404. San Diego, California (types)
48. Gibbonsia elegans Cooper.
27037. Monterey, California.
27383. San Diego, California.
27394. Monterey, California.
27416. San Diego, California.
■* Perhaps a form of the. preceding.
tMost of the .specimens distributed belong to the form called Murccnoides Icetus (Cope).
{Probably identical with Cremnobates monophthalinua Gthr.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
49. Heterostichus rostratus Grd.
20570. California.
24996. "Wilmington, California.
25019. Santa Catalina Island, California.
25048. Wilmington, California.
50. Neoclinus blanchardi Grd.
26883. Santa Barbara, California.
26942.
26763. San Diego, California.
20890. Santa Barbara, California.
27201. Monterey, California.
27179. Monterey, California.
51. Neoclinus satiricus Grd.
22334. Monterey, Caltfomia.
52. Hypleurochilus gentilis (Grd.) Gill.
26917. Santa Barbara, California.
BATEACHIDiE.
53. Porichthys porosissimus (Cuv. & Val.) Gthr.
I 27040. Monterey, California.
26889. Santa Barbara, California.
27009. Monterey, California.
27063. "
54. Gobiesox reticulatus Grd.
27012. Monterey, California.
55. Liparis pulchellus Ayres.
27081. Monterey, California.
27132. San Francisco, California.
27200. " "
27277. Puget Sound.
GOBIESOCID^.
I 27329. Cape Flattery, ■Washington Terrltoiy.
LIPARIDID.^.
AGONID^.
56. Brachyopsis verrucosus Lockingtoii.
(Types.)
27184. Point Reyes, California.
57. Brachyopsis xyosternus J. & G.
27188. Point Reyes, California.
(Types.)
I 27395. Soqnel, California.
58. Podothecus acipenserinus (Pallas) Gill.
27332.- Cape Flattery, "Washington Territory.
COTTID^.
59. Ascelichthys rhodorus J. & G.
(Types.)
27331. Cape Flattery, "Washington Territory.
60. Cottopsis gulosus Grd.
7817. San Francisco, California.
61. Cottopsis semiscaber Cope.
27414. Utah Lake, Utah.
62. Cottopsis asper (Rich.) Grd.
3306. Paget Sound.
6052. "
12963. Mare Island, California.
12966.
27390. McClond Elver, California.
27145. Sacramento Kiver, Califomia.
27268. Pnget Sound.
27281. Columbia River.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
63. Cottus polyacanthocephalus Pallas
27262. Puget Sound.
64. Artedius lateralis Grd.
23407. Neali Bay, Washington Territory.
65. Artedius uotospUotus Grd.
25037. Santa Barbara, California. I
25082. " " I
66. Artedius quadriseriatus Lockington.
26848. San Francisco, California.
27337. Cape Mattery, "Washington Territory.
26865. Santa Barbara, California.
27146. Paget Sound.
67. Artedius pugetensis Steind.
27185. Point Reyes, California.
68. Hemilepidotus spinosus Ayres.
27011. Monterey, California.
27052.
27133. San Francisco, California/.
I 27238. Straits of Fuca.
27236. San Francisco, California.
27381. Monterey, California.
69. Hemilepidotus trachurus* (Pallas) Gthr.
24672. Neah Bay, Washington Territory.
70. Aspicottus bison Grd.
27261. Puget Sound.
71. Scorpaeuichthys marmoratus Grd.
24142. San Francisco, California.
25038. Santa Barbara, California.
25071.
26888.
72. Leptocottus armatus Grd.
24822. San Diego, California.
24862.
24906.
73. Liocottus hirundo Grd.
26887. Santa Barbara, California.
74. Blennicottus globiceps (Grd.) Gill.
27336. Cape Flattery, Washington Territory.
75. Oligocottus maciilosus Grd.
27177. Monterey, California.
76. Oligocottus analis Grd.
26761. San Diego, California.
27051. Monterey, California.
77. Blepsias cirrhosus (Pallas) Gthr.
27240. Straits of Fuca.
78. Nautichthys oculofasciatus Grd.
27239. Straitaof Fuca.
27053. Monterey, CaUfomia.
27110. San Francisco, California.
27350. Puget Sound.
27055. Monterey, CaUfomia.
27147. San Francisco, California.
27267. Puget Sound.
27333. Cape Flattery, Washington Territory.
27415. San Diego, California.
SCORP^NID^.
79. Scorpaena guttata Grd.
24982. Wilmington, California.
24998.
25026. Santa Catalina Island, California.
26861. San Pedro, California.
26879. Santa Barbara, California.
' Hemilepidotus gibbii Gill : femnistia ventricosa Rich.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
80. Sebastichthys nigrocinctus (Ayres) Gill.
2C991. Monterey, California. 1 27285. Puget Sound.
81. Sebastichthys serriceps Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
25005. San Pedro, California. I 27041. Monterey, California.
26918. Santa Barbara, CaUfomia. I 27090. San Pranciaco, Califomia> '
82. Sebastichthys nebulosus (Ayres) Gill.
27093. San Prancisco, California.
23397. Neah Bay, Washington Territory.
24674.
26986. Monterey, California.
27343. Puget Sound.
83. Sebastichthys chrysomelas Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
25076. S-anta Barbara, California. i 26934. Santa Barbara, California.
26880. " " 1 26968. Monterey, Califomia.
84. Sebastichthys camatus Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
24144. San Pr.ancisco, California. I 27098. San Priincisco, California.
26993. Monterey, Califomia. I
85. Sebastichthys maliger Jor. &. Gilb.
(Types.)
2002. Puget Sound. 27208. San Prancisco, California.
26970. Monterey, Califomia.
27091. San Francisco, Califomia.
27309. Puget Sound.
86. Sebastichthys caurinus (Rich.) J. & G.
27100. Puget Sound. | 27294. Puget Sound.
87. Sebastichthys vexUlaris Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
26997. Monterey, Califomia. | 27087. San Francisco, Califomia.
88. Sebastichthys rastreUiger Jor. &, Gilb.
(Types.)
25023. Santa Catalina Island, California.
25053. San Pedro, Califomia.
26908. Santa Barbara, Califomia.
27033. Monterey, Califomi.i.
27102. San FrancisCo, Califomia.
89. Sebastichthys auriculatus (Grd.) Gill.
15039. Mouth of Russian River, CaUfomia. 26935. Santa Barbara, Califomia.
15040. " " 27104. San Francisco, Califomia.
26904. Santa Barbara, Califomia. 27293 (var). Puget Sound.
90. Sebasticlithys rubrivinctus Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
26989. Monterey, Califomia.
91. Sebastichthys chlorostictus Jor. «fe Gilb.
(Types.)
26904. Monterey, California. I 27092. San Prancisco, California.
92. Sebastichthys rhodochloris Jor. «fe Gilb.
(Types.)
26967. Monterey, Califomia. I 27106. San Francisco, California.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
93. Sebastichthys rosaceus (Grtl.) Lock
24148. San Fraucisco, California.
24657.
26961. Monterey, California.
27089. San Francisco, California.
27211. " "
94. Sebastichthys constellatus Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
24147. San Francisco, California. I 27086. San Francisco, California.
26963. Monterey, California. |
f
95. Sebastichthys ruber (Ayres) Lock.
26962. Monterey, California. I 27346. Puget Sound.
27097. San Francisco, California. |
96. Sebastichthys miniatus Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
26965. Monterey, California. | 27213. San Francisco, California.
97. Sebastichthys pinniger (Gill) Lock.
23398. Neah Bay, Washington Territory. [ 27099. San Francisco, California.
26966. Monterey, California. | 27344. Paget Sound.
98. Sebastichthys atrovirens Jor. & Gilb.
(Types,)
26870. Santa Barbara, California.
26903.
27032. Monterey, California.
27096. San Fmncisco, California.
24994. San Pedro, California.
25010.
25052.
25054.
99. Sebastichthys elongatus (Ayres) Gill.
26969. Monterey, California. | 27095. San Francisco, California.
100. Sebastichthys proriger Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
24658. San Francisco, California. I 27105. San Francisco, California.
26980. Monterey, California. |
101. Sebastichthys ovalis (Ayres) Lock.
27043. Monterey. California.
102. Sebastichthys entomelas Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
27044. Monterey, California.
103. Sebastichthys mystinus Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
26971. Monterey, California. I 27085. San Francisco, California
27031. " " I
104. Sebastichthys ciliatus* (Tilcsius) J. & G.
27255. Kodiab, Alaska.
105. Sebastichthys melanops (Grd.) Gill.
246C9. ISTeah Bay, Wasbington Territory. | 27088. San Francisco, California.
27042. Monterey, California. I 27319. Puget Sound.
106. Sebastichthys flavidus (Ayres) Lock.
26984. Monterey, Californi.a. | 27101. San Francisco, California.
107. Sebastodes paucispinis (Ayres) Gill.
26950. Santa Barbara, California. i 27094. San Francisco California.
26992. Monterey, California. |
* Perca variabilis 'PrUhs.
PKOCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
CHIKID-^E.
108. Hexagrammus asper Steller.
27280. Puget Sound.
109. Hexagrammus superciliosus (Pallas) J. & G.
27114. San Francisco, California.
110. Hexagrammus decagrammus (Pallas) J. & G.
San Francisco, California.
Puget Sound.
San Francisco, California.
23400, ? .* Neah Bay, "Washington Territory.
27214, $.
27005, 9 • Monterey, California.
27215, d.
27006, cT-t "
27278, d.
27109, ? . San Francisco, California.
27279, ? .
27166, cf.
27388, ? .
111. Ophiodon elongatus Grd.
6645. California.
6653.
24169. San Francisco,' CaUfomia.
24670. Neah Bay, Washington Territory.
26893. Santa Barbara, California.
27047. Monterey, California.
27241. San Francisco, Califorma.
112. Zauiolepis latipinnis Grd.
27027. Point Keyes, near San Francisco, California
113. Oxylebius pictus Gill.
27174. Monterey, California.
114. Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas) Gill.
24655.
27128.
San Francisco, California.
27282. Pnget Sound.
GOBIID^.
115. Lepidogobius gracilis (Grd.) GilL
27135. San Francisco, California.
116. Gillichthys mirabUis Cooper
26794. San Diego, California.
LATILID^.
117. Caulolatilus anomalust (Cooper) Gill.
24992. "Wilmington, California.
25002.
25040.
26845. San Pedro, California.
26863. Santa Barbara, California.
27069. Monterey, California.
ICOSTEID^I
118. Bathymaster signatus Cope.
27265. Puget Sound.
POMACENTKID^.
119. Chromis punctipiniiis Cooper.
24981. Santa Catalina Island, California.
24986. "Wilmington, California.
25007. "
120. Hypsypops rubicundus (Grd.) Gill.
25016. Santa Catalina Island, CaUfornia.
26871. Santa Barbara, California.
17764.
24995.
San Francisco, California.
"Wilmington, California.
25047. "Wilmington, California.
26945. Santa Barbara, California.
* ''Ohirus guttatus " Grd.
t " Ohiriis congtellatus" Grd.
X Probably identical with Latilus princeps Jenyns.
10
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
LABRID^.
121. Fseudojulis modestus (Grd.) Gtlir
25030. Santa Catalina Island, California.
25041. Santa Barbara„Califomia.
26882. " "
26937. Santa Barbara, California.
26977. Monterey, California.
27376. Santa Barbara, California.
122. Platyglossus semicinctus (Ayres) Gthr.
25001. Wilmington, California.
123. Pimelometopon pulcher (Ayres) Gill.
25000. "Wilmingtou, California. I 26869.
25078. Santa Barbara, California. |
Santa Barbara, CalifomLi.
EMBIOTOCID^.
124. Hysterocarpus traski Gibbons.
27013. Sacramento River, California.
125. Abeona minima (Gibbons) Gill.
25085. Santa Barbara, California.
26774. San Diego, California.
26913. Santa Barbara, California.
126. Abeona aurora Jor. & Gilb.
27029. Monterey, California.
27078. " "
26996. Monterey, California.
(Types.)
I 27155. San Francisco, California.
27243. San Prancisco, California.
27296. Paget Sound.
127. Cymatogaster aggregatus* Gibbons.
26914. Santa Barbara, California.
27080. Monterey, California.
27165. San Francisco, California.
128. Brachyistius frenatus Gill.
26891. Santa Barb.ara, California. | 26990. Monterey, California.
129. Brachyistius rosaceus Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
27170. Point Reyes, California.
130. Holconotus analis (A. Agassiz) J. & G.
27075. Monterey, California.
131. Holconotus argenteus (Gibbons) J. & G.
24836. San Diego, California. 26895.
24914. " " 26912.
25065. Santa Barbara, CaUfomia. 27073.
25069. " " 27158.
Santa Barbara^ California.
Monterey, California.
San Francisco, California.
132. Holconotus agassizii (Gill) J. & G.
27076. Monterey, California. | 27157. San Francisco, California.
133. Holconotus rhodoterust Ag.
26901. Santa Barbara, California.
26933.
134. Amphistichus argenteus Ag.
24149. San Francisco, California.
25064. Santa Barbara, California.
25077.
27074.
27156.
Monterey, California.
San Francisco, California.
26885. Santa Barbara, California.
27083. Monterey, California.
*Nos. 566, 567, 572, 17028, 17029, 17030, 17031, 17032, 17033, and 20340, sent out in previous distribn-
tions under the name of "Holconotus rhodoterus Ag.," belong to Cymatogaster aggregatus.
tSee note under Cymatogaster aggregatus.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
11
135. Hypsurus caryi (L. Agass.) A.
26896. Santa Barbara, California.
26940.
27017. Monterey, California.
136. Ditrema jacksoni (Agass.) Gtlir.
24157. San Francisco, California.
San Diego, California.
24835.
24837.
24983.
25011.
"Wilmington, CaUfomia.
27079.
27129.
25017.
25021.
25034.
27014.
27242.
Monterey, California.
San Francisco, California.
Santa Catalina Island, Califomia.
Santa Barbara Califomia.
Monterey, California.
San Francisco, California.
137. Ditrema laterals (Agass.) Gthr.
24151. San Francisco, Califomia.
24152.
27153.
26875. Santa Barbara, Califomia.
138. Ditrema atripes Jor. & Gilb.
26987. Monterey, Califomia.
139. Ditrema furcatum (Grd.) Gtlir.
24831. San Diego, Califomia.
26777.
27028. Monterey, California
27310. Paget Sound.
27386.
(Types.)
26877. Santa Barbara, Califomia.
26988. Monterey, Califomia.
140. Damalichthys argyrosomus (Grd.) J. & G.
26954. Santa Barbara, Califomia.
27018. Monterey, California.
27313. Paget Soand.
6194.
25067.
26894.
Paget Sound.
Santa Barbara, Califomia.
141. Rhacochilus toxotes Ag.
24154. San Francisco, Califomia.
25012. Wilmington, California.
26948. Santa Barbara, Califomia.
26949 (foetal). Santa Barbara, California.
27015. Monterey, California.
SCI^NID^.
142. Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres) Gill.
26911. Santa Barbara, Califomia. |
26972. Monterey, Califomia. I
143. Corvina saturna (Grd.) Gthr.
24818. San Diego, Califomia. 1
25075. Santa Barbara, Califomia. I
144. Roncador stearnsii (Steind.) J. & G.
25044. "WUmington, Califomia. I 26864.
26757. San Diego, California. |
27152. San Francisco, Califomia.
26759. San Diego, Califomia.
Santa Barbara, California.
Santa Barbara, Califomia
145. Umbriiia xanti Gill.
26758. San Diego, Califomia.
26849. San Pedro, Califomia.
146. Menticirrus undulatus (Grd.) Gill.
25073. Santa Barbara, Califomia.
26797. San Diego, California.
147. Cynoscion nobile (Ayres) J. & G.
26855. San Pedro, Califomia.
26876. Santa Barbara, Califomia.
148. Cynoscion parvipinnis Ayres.
24817. San Diego, Califomia.
26872. Santa Barbara, California.
26854.
26878.
San Pedro, California.
Santa Barbara, Califomia.
27070. Monterey, Califomia.
I 26753. San Diego, California.
12
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
149. Seriphus politus Ayres.
6657. Califoiuia.
26804. San Diego, California.
26955. Santa Barbara, California.
27153. San Francisco, California
27195. " "
PIMELEPTERIDiE.
150. Girella nigricans (Ayres) Gill.
24987. Wilmington, CalLfornia.
25008.
25072. Santa Barbara, California.
151. Scorpis californiensis Steincl.
24979. Santa Catalina Island, California.
24984. Wilmington, California.
26867. Santa Barbara, California.
26956. " "
27384. San Diego, California.
25009. Wilmington, California.
26850. San Podro, California.
PEISTIPOMATID^
152. Pristipoma davidsoni Steind.
26853. San Podro, California.
SERRANID^.
26799. San Diego, California.
26851. San Pedro, California.
26886. Santa Barbara, California.
27046. Monterey, California.
153. Serranus clathratus (Grd.) Steind.
20571. California.
24985. San Pedro, California.
25013.
25042.
25074. Santa Barbara, California.
154. Serranus nebulifer (Grd.) Steind
26754. S.in Diego, C.aliforniii.
155. Serranus maculofasciatus Steind.
24819. San Diego, C.ilifomia. | 26755. San Diego, California.
CENTRARCHID^.
156. Archoplites interruptus (Grd.) Gill.
27020. Sacramento Kiver, California. | 27137. Sacramento Eiver, California.
STROMATEIDiE.
157. Stromateus simiUimus (Ayres) Gill.
26800. San Diego, California.
26910. Santa Barbar.a, California.
26959.
27077. Monterey, California,
27162. S-on Francisco, California.
CARANGID^.
158. Trachurus plumieri (Lac.) J. & G.
26838. San Pedro California.
26909. S.anta Barbara, California.
159. Seriola lalandi Cuv. & Val.
26835. S.an Pedro, California.
27377. Santa Barbara, California.
SCOMBRID^.
160. Orcynus alalonga (Gmelin) Risso.
26873. Santa Barbara, California.
161. Sarda chilensis (C. & V.) J. & G.
25031. San Diego, California.
I 26874. Santa Barbara, California.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. IS
162. Scomberomorua concolor (Lock.) J. & G.
27205. Soquel, Califoruia.
AMMODYTID^.
163. Ammodytes personatus Grd.
27025. Monterey, California. I 27084. Monterey, California.
SPHYR^NID^.
164. Sphyraena argentea Grd.
25003. San Peiho, California. I 26939. Santa Barb.ara, California.
26900. Santa Barbara, California. 1 27379. " "
ATHERINID^.
165. Atherinopsis californiensis Grd.
24132. San Francisco, Califoruia. 1 26764. San Diego, California.
24869. San Diego, California. I 26923. Santa Barbara, Califoruia.
166. Atherinops afiBnis (Ayres) Steind.
25006. Wilmington, California. I 25083. S.auta Barbara, California^
25035. Santa Barbara, California. I 27202. San Francisco, California.
166. Leuresthes tenuis (Ayres) J. ^ G.
26766. San Diego, California.
MUGILID^.
168. Mugil mexicanus Steiud.
24827. San Diego, Califoruia. I 26924. Santa Barbara, California.
24888. " " 27148. San Francisco, California.
26796. " " I
SCOMBRESOCID^.
169. Tylosurus exilis (Grd.) J. & G.
26756. San Diego, California.
170. Scombresox brevirostris Peters.
8885. Monterey Bay, California.
171. Hemirhamphus rosae Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
24917. San Diego, California. I 26790. San Diego, California.
172. Exoccetus califoriiicus Cooper.
26832. Sau Pedro, California. | 26907. Santa Barbara, California.
CYPRINODONTID^.
173. Cyprinodon californiensis Grd.
27373. Sau Diego, California.
174. Fundulus parvipinnis Grd.
26941. Santa Barbara, California.
SCOPELID^.
175. Synodus lucioceps (Ayres) Gill.
26881. Santa Barbara, California. 127182. San Franciaco, California.
27072. Monterey, California. I
14 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
SALMONID^.
176. Osmerus thaleichthys Ayres.
27019. Monterey, California. | 27136. San Francisco, CaUfomia.
177. Osmerus attenuatus Lockington.
27204. San Franciaco, California.
178. Hypomesus olidus (Pallas) Gill.
27150. San Fr.incisco, California. | 27276. Puget Sound.
179. Thaleichthys pacificus (Rich.) Grd.
20567. Columbia River, Oregon. | 27297. Frazer's Eiver, Britisli Columbia.
180. Salvelinus malma (Walb.) J. & G.
27264. Pugot Sound.
181. Salmo purpuratus Pallas {Salmo clarki Rich.).
27259. Puget Sound. I 27360. TJtah Lake, TJtali.
182. Salmo piirpuratus, subsp. henshaTvi Gill & Jordan.
24139. L.ike Tahoe.
183. Salmo irideus Ayres. ^
26795. San Luis River, California. i 27356. Monterey, California.
27207. Sacramento River, California. I
184. Salmo gairdneri Rich.
27218. Columbia River.
185. Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) Gill & Jor,
24673. Neah Bay, Washington Territory. i 27288. Frazer'a Eiver, British Colombia.
27220. San Francisco, CaHfomia. |
186. Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walb.) Jor. & Gilb.
27066. Puget Sound.
27250. Sacramento River, California.
27260. Puget Sound.
27280. Fr.azer'8 Eiver, British Columbia.
27315. Puget Sound.
187. Oncorhynchus chouicha (Walb.) Jor. & Gilb. (Salmo quinnct 'Rich.).
27039. Monterey, California.
27067.
27217.
27237. Sacramento River.
27275. Puget Sound.
27287. Frazer's River, British Columbia.
27304. Columbia River.
27316. Puget Sound.
188. Oncorhynchus nerka (Walb.) Gill & Jor.
27303. Columbia River.
ENGRAULIDID^.
189. Stolephorus ringens ( Jenyns) J «fe G.
24824. San Diego, California. 26958. Santa Barbara, California.
24919. " " 27187. San Fr.ancisco, California.
26784.
190. Stolephorus delicatissimus (Grd.) J. & G.
24870. S.an Diego, California. | 26786. San Diego, California.
191. Stolephorus compressus (Grd. ) J. & G.
• 26785. S.an Diego, California. | 26862. San Pedro, California,
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 15
CLUPEID^.
192. Clupea sagax Jenyns.
24820. San Diego, California.
24857.
24886.
26957. Santa Barbara, California,
27140. San Francisco, California.
27378. Santa Barbara, California.
193. Clupea mirabilis Grd.
24865. San Diego, California. | 27351. Paget Sound.
194. Albula vulpes (L.) Goode.
26789. San Diego, California.
ALBULID^.
CYPRINID^.
195. Orthodon microlepidotus (Ayres) Grd.
2042. Puget Sound. | 27139. Sacramento Eiver.
196. Alburnus balteatus (Rich.) Jor.
2082. Puget Sound. | 27341. Fi'azer's Eiver, Britisli Colombia.
197. Squalius gibbosus (Ajies) J. & G. (Siioma crassicauda Grd.).
27141. Sacramento Eiver, California.
198. Squalius atrarius (Grd.) Jor.
27407. Utah Lake, Utab.
199. Squalius rhomaleus Jor. &, Glib.
(Types.)
27364. Utah Lake, Utah.
200. Squalius cruoreus Jor. & Glib.
(Types.)
27408. Utah Lake, Utah.
201. Squalius copei Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
27409. Bear Eiver, Evanston, Wyoming.
202. Squalius aliciae Jouy.
(Types.
27412. Utah Lake, Utah.
203. Squalius taenia (Coi)e) Jor.
27410. Utah Lake, Utah.
204. Squalius montauus (Cope) Jor.
27411. Utah Lake, Utah.
205. Ptychochilus oregonensis (Rich.) Ag.
27352. Colnmbia Elver, OregoB*
24128. Sacramento Eiver, California.
27244.
27291. Columbia Eiv'er, Oregon.
27389. Puget Sound.
206. Ptychochilus harfordi Jor. &, Gilb.
(Types.)
27246. Sacramento Eiver, California.
207. Apocope vulnerata Cope.
27413. Utah Lake, Utah.
16 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
208. Pogonichthys macrolepidotus (Ayres) J. & G.
27134. Sacramento River, California.
209. Mylochilus caurinus (Rich.) Ag.
27271. Puget Sound. I 27342. Frazer's Biver, British Colombia.
27283. Columbia River. I
210. Mylopharodon conocephalus Ayres.
27245. Sacramento River, California.
CATOSTOMID^.
211. Chasmistes liorus Jor. & Gilb.
27361. Utah Lake, Utah.
212. Catostomus fecundus Cope & Yarrow.
27352. Utah Lake, Utah.
213. Catostomus ardens Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
27363. Utah Lake, Utah.
214. Catostomus occidentalis Ayres.
27131. Sacramento River, California.
215. Catostomus macrochilus Grd.
27290. Columbia River.
SILURID^.
216. Amiurus catus (L.) Gill.
27144. Sacramento River, California (introduced).
MUR^NID^.
217. Mureena mordax Ayres.
24991. Wilmington, California. I 25022. Santa Cattilina Island, California.
25004. " " I 26S01. San Diego, California.
ACIPENSERID^.
218. Acipenser transmontanus Rich.
27065. Sacramento River, California. | 27269. Prazer's River, British Columbia.
219. Acipenser medirostris Ayres.
27223. San Franci.sco, California.
CHIM^RID^.
220. Chimaera collisei Bennett.
26976. Monterey, California. i 27311. Puget Sound
27226. San Francisco, California. I
MYLIOBATID^.
221. Myliobatis californicus Gill.'
24815. San Diego, California.
26781. " "
26840. San Pedro, California.
26892. Santa Barbar.i, California.
27256. San Francisco, California.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 17
TRYGONID^.
222. Pteroplatea marmorata Cooper.
2G7T0. Sim Diego, California. I 26929. Santa Barbara, California.
223. Dasybatus dipterums Jor & Gilb.
(Types.)
26782. San Diego, California.
224. Urolophus halleri Cooper.
24834. San Diego, California.
25024. San Pedro, California.
26788. San Diego, California.
26834. San Pedro, California.
2C925. Santa Barb.ira, California.
RAIID^.
225. Raia binoculata Girard {Eaia cooperi Girard).
21583. "Washington Territory. I 27257. Puget Sound.
27159. San Francisco, California. I
226. Raia rhina Jor. tSj Gilb.
(Types. ;
27007. Monterey, California. | 27292. Puget Sound.
227. Raia iiiomata Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
24161. San Francisco, California. I 27216. San Fr.ancisco, California.
26074. Monterey, California. | 27252 (egg). " "
228. Raia inornata subsp. iuermis Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.) /
26926. Santa Barb.ara, California.
229. Raia stellulata Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
26975. Monterey, California.
RHINOBATID^.
230. Zapteryx exasperatus Jor. & Gilb.
(Types.)
25050. San Diego, California.
231. Rhinobatus triseriatus Jor. &, Gilb.
(Types.)
26773. San Diego, California. I 26893. Santa Barbara, California.
26836. San Pedro, California. |
232. Rhinobatus productus Ayres.
24826. San Diego, California. I 26852. San Pedro, California.
26772. " " 126905. Santa Barbwa, California.
TORPEDINID^.
233. Torpedo caHfoniica Ayres.
27212. Soquel, California (Monterey Bay).
SQUATINIDiE.
234. Squatina angelus Dum^ril.
26920. Santa Barbara, California.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 2 April 13, 1881.
18 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
SPINACID^.
235. Squalus acanthias L.
2638. California. I 27305. Pngot Sound.
6675. " I
CESTEACIONTID^.
236. Heterodontus francisci (Grd.) Gill.
24816. San Diego, California.
24997. Wilmington, California.
25020. Santa Catalina Island, California.
267(10. San Diego, California.
26803 (eggs). S.an J3iego, California.
26846. S.an Pedro, California.
26928. Santa Barbara, California.
NOTIDANID^.
237. Notorhynchus maculatus Ayres.
27191. Humboldt Bay.
238. Hexanchus corinus Jot. & Gilb.
(Types.)
27196. Soquel, California.
SCYLLIID^.
239. Catulus ventriosus (Garman) J. & G.
25027. Santa Catalina Island, California.
25055. Santa Barbara, California.
^5062.
25084. " "
26866. S.anta Barbara, California.
20951 (egg). "
27251. Soquel, California,
GALEOEHINID.^.
240. Mustelus hinnulus (Blaiuv.) J. & G.
24833. S.an Diego, California. 1 26856. San Pedro, California.
26771. " " I 26906. Santa Barbara, California,
241. Rhinotriacis henlei Gill.
27026. Monterey, California. | 27180. San Francisco, California.
242. Triads semifasciatus Grd.
25039. Santa Barbara, California. I 26921. Santa B.arbara, California
25081. " , " I
243. Galeorhinus galeus (L.) Blainv.
20927. Santa B?rbar.a, California. 1 27190. San Fr.ancisco, California.
20973. Monterey, California. I 27391
CETORHINID^.
244. Cetorhinus maximus (L.) Blainv.
27024. (Teeth and gill-rakers). Monterey, California.
MYXINID^.
245. Pollstotrema dombeyi (Miiller; Gill.
26995. Monterey, California.
United States National Museum, January 14, 1881.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 19
DESCKIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF SQUAI.IITS (SQlTAff.ElTS A1,I-
Cfl.E), FBOITI UTAUI I.AIiE.
By PI£RUE LOUSS JOUY.
Squalius aliciae, sp. nov.
Allied to TUjoma intermedia Girard.
Body elongate, compressed iDGsteriorly, the back gradually elevated
from the snout to the dorsal. Dorsal and ventral outline similar.
Greatest depth of body (at ventrals) equal to length of head. Lateral
line complete, slightly decurved.
Head short, rather stout, its breadth equalling three-fifths its length,
which is 4J in the total without caudal. Snout rounded, jaws equal,
maxillaries reaching to the vertical from the anterior margin of the
orbit.
Eye moderate, its diameter contained four times in the length of the
head. Scales minute, 18-80-15, of about equal size. The pectoral fin
does not reach to the ventral, and equals the length of the head.
2IeasuremenU: — Length to base of caudal, .007™™; head, .010™™ ; depth
at ventrals, .010™™ ; diameter of orbit, .001™™; mandible, .005™™; inter-
orbital space, .0055™™; breadth of head, .009™™; pectoral, .010™™; long-
est dorsal ray, .014™™ ; longest ventral ray, .010"'™ ; longest anal ray,
.011"'™. Caudal broken.
Eadial tormulaj: D. I, 8; A. I, 8; Y. I, 7 ; P. 15.
Teeth, 2, 4-5, 1 ; strongly hooked, aj)parently without masticatory
surlVice.
Color dark plumbeous above, with a median band of steel-blue extend-
ing along the sides of the body from the head to the caudal fin. Below
the lateral line pinkish ; cheeks silvery.
Five specimens, collected in Utah Lake by Prof. D. S. Jordan, are
numbered in the United States National Museum 27412.
United States National Museum, January 14, 1881.
UESCKIPTIOIV OF A NEW CtOBSOSO FHSM (OTHONOPS EOS), FROM
SAN DflEt^O, l.'Al.IFOKNflA.
By ROSA SMETII.
Othonops eos, gen. et sp. nov.
One specimen of this interesting fish was collected for me by Mr. G.
W. Dunn at Point Loma, San Diego County, California. It is found
under large stones, and is of a bright pink color in life, fading to a dull
yellowish white in spirits. This species is most closely related to Gnjs-
taUoyoUus nilssoni (Diib. & Kor.) Gill [Gohiosoma nilssoni Glinther,
Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. iii, 80), a species found on the coast of Norway,
20 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
from which it is distinguished generically by the obsolete eyes, and spe-
cifically by the characters given in the following description :
Body elongate, posteriorly much compressed, not much depressed
anteriorly. Head depressed, with the cleft of the mouth nearly hori-
zontal and one-half the length of the head, the maxillary reaching a
vertical line drown across the probable position of the eye. Eyes invis-
ible, covered by the skin; snout rounded; the jaws equal, or very
nearly so, the lower jaw in a preserved specimen seeming to be very
slightly produced. Both nostrils are provided with a flap.
A narrow band of villiform teeth in each jaw. The gill-membrane is
united to the isthmus, and the branchial cleft is equal in length to the
distance between the first and second dorsal fins, or one-tenth of the
length (from snout to base of caudal).
A groove has its origin immediately in advance of first dorsal and
extends medially nearly to tip of SDOut.
The first dorsal fin is composed of two flexible spines, and is equidis-
tant between the snout and the base of the caudal fin ; the insertion of
the second dorsal is not much in advance of vent, while the insertion of
the anal is opposite the fifth ray of the soft dorsal; the last rays of the
posterior dorsal are slightly longer than its anterior one, and the fin
terminates opposite the anal, which is similar to the soft dorsal. A
very small anal papilla may be seen.
Vertical fins low; caudal small, pointed; ventrals forming a disk,
which is not adherent to the belly ; pectorals like the caudal in form,
their free tips extending beyond the ventrals, though not approximating
the first dorsal, and very remote from the vent.
Body entirely smooth, wholly free from scales, tubercles, or asperities
of any kind.
The type specimen has been presented to the National Museum, where
it is numbered 27466.
This species is doubtless the type of a distinct genus, which may be
called Othonops {rhU'^r^, veil ; w^S eye). This genus is distinguished from
CrystallogoMus by the concealed eyes, these organs being large and
.conspicuous in C. nihsoni, and possibly also by the absence of the sexual
difterenct's in dentition, so marked in CrystallogoMus, the male of C.
nilssoni being provided with strong canines. The remaining genera of
Gohiiiue have five or more dorsal spines, except BenthopMlus, which, with
three dorsal spines, has the skin verrucose.
Since the above was in type three more specimens have been obtained
at the same locality, the measurements of the largest of which are
included in the table below.
On examination of this specimen, 2f inches in length, I find further
characteristics.
In this example, the fins are better preserved and show their normal
form, the caudal and pectoral being rounded, the pointed appearance
of those fins on the type specimen probably having been caused by
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
21
their becomiug shrivelled and dry before immersion in alcohol, the pres-
ent individual having been placed in spirits when alive.
On the, under side of the head the skin (in a preserved specimen) lies
in irregular folds, which conform generally to the outline of the lower
jaw, the outer folds reaching the gill-opening. Between the lower lip
and these folds there is a series of papillae, which has its origin a short
distance behind the corner of the mouth, the series being slightly sepa-
rated close behind the symphysis of lower jaw by two small, rounded
flaps. The papilltTe number about fourteen on either side of the flaps.
On the superior surface of the snout, exterffling posteriorly half as far
as the termination of the maxillary, the skin is finely wrinkled, and
there is on either side a conspicuous flap, which seems to conceal a
nostril.
The skin on the top of the head posterior to the wrinkled snout is
smooth and adherent to the muscles. Cheeks tumid.
This species has the habit of burrowing into the sand on the removal
of the stone covering it, and in one instance a lively individual buried
itself in the sand a second time. It is of a clear pink color, shading
into yellow on the tail, and has a semi-transparent api)earance in life.
Measurements.
Locality.
Point Loma, San Point Lomn, San
Diego, Ual. Diego, Cal.
Extreme length
Length to base of caudal fin
Body :
Greatest height
Greatest width
Greatest circumference
Height at base of ventrals '
Lisast height of caudal peduncle
Length ot caudal peduncle
Head :
Greatest length
Greatest width
Width of interorbital area (ca.)
Branchial clefi
Distance from snout to probable location of eyes
Dorsal:
Distance from snout
Height at last spine
Length of base
Anal :
Distance from snout
Length of base
Caudal :
L'ength of middle rays
Pectoral :
Distance from snout
Length
Ventral :
Distance from snout
Length a
Dorsal
Anal
Inches
and
lOOths.
2.25
2.00
lOOths
of
length.
17
13.5
10 »
12
50
10
23.5
32
14
29
14
II, 11
6 or 7
Inches
and
lOOths.
2.75
2.38
lOOths
of
length.
22
15
CO
17
9i
30
m
20
13
San Diego, Cal., January 18, 1881.
22 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
ON A DUCK NEW TO THE NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
By ROBERT RIDC^WAY.
About nine years since (February 2, 1872), Mr. George A. Boardman, of
Calais, Maine, sent to the Smithsonian Institution a mounted specimen of
a duck obtained in Fulton Market, New York City, and supposed to have
been shot on Long Island Sound, which he was unable to determine sat-
isfactorily, but which he supposed to be a hybrid between the Eed-
he4d {JEthyia americana) aiwl some other species. The specimen was in
Immature plumage, with the feathers of the first livery much worn,
while those of the new moult, which were generally interspersed, indi-
cated a very different garb when the moult should have been completed.
At the time the specimen was received at the Smithsonian, I (also sup-
posing it to be a hybrid) made comparisons with nearly, if not quite, all
the American sjiecies of ducks, but was unable to get the slightest clue
to its parentage. It was then put back in the case and not again thought
of until a few days ago, when in removing the specimens with a view to
their rearrangement I happened to take the one in question in one hand
and an adult female of the European Eufous-crested Duck {Fuligula ru-
fina) in the other; and having the two thus in a very favorable position
for comparison, I at once perceived a striking similarity in general
appearance and in the form of the bill, which induced me to extend the
examination to an adult male, the result being that no question remained
of the bird in question being an immature male of F. rufina, a species
hitherto not detected in North America. I have written to Mr. Boardman
requesting full particulars as to circumstances and date of capture, but
have been unable to elicit any further particulars than those given above.
As the species has never been described in any work on North Amer-
ican birds, I give below a description of the three stages represented in
the collection of the United States National Museum, as well as of the
downy young, the latter quoted from Dresser's "Birds of Europe";
also, the principal synonyms and references, compiled from the leading
European authorities.
Genus FULIGULA, Stephens.*
"Branta," Boie, Isis, 1822, 564 (type Anas rufina, Pall.); not of Scopoli, 1769,
Fuligula, Steppiens, Gen. Zocil. xii. 1824, 187 (type Anas rufina, Pall.).
Netta, Kaup, Nat. Syst. 1829, 102 (same type).
CalUchen, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. 1831, 921 (same type).
Mergoicles, Eyton, Cat. Brit. B. 1836, 57 (same type). ^
CnAii. — Similar to Fulix, but the bill decidedly broader at the base
than at any other jDart, gradually narrowing* toward the end, which has
* Some recent authorities Lave, with apparently a not very particular regard for
structural characters, used the generic term Fuligula for the entire group of lobe-
halluxcd river-ducks, or those Avhichhave usually been assigned to the genera i^M7i(/MZa,
Fulix, and ^thyia. But Anas rufina, Pall., upon which the genns Fuligula of Stephens
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 23
a large and very broad nail ; maxilla very much depressed terminally,
its depth at the base of the nail being only about one-fourth that at the
extreme base. Male with the head rufous, the pileum ornamented with
a very full, soft tuft or bushy crest, occupying the whole top of the head.
FuLiGrULA EUFiNA (Pall.) Stephens.
The Rufous-crested JDucTc.
Anas rufina, Pall. It. ii. App, 1773, 731, No. 28.— Gmel. S. N. i. 1788, 541.
Branta rufina, Boie, Isis, 1822, 564.— Gray, Cat. Brit. B. 1863, 198.
FuUgula rufina, Steph. Gen. Zoiil. xii. 1824, 188. — Dresser, B. Eur. pt. sxii. Oct.
1873.
Nelta rufina, Kaup, Nat. Syst. 1829, 102,
PlaUjpus rufinus, Brehm, ViJg. Deutschl. 1831, 922.
Callichen rufinus, Brehm, t. c. 924.
Mergoides rufina, Eyt. Rar. Brit. B. 1836, 57.
Aythya rtifina, Macgill. Man. Brit. B. 1846, 191.
Callichen rufieeps, Brehm, t. c. 922.
Callichen subrufinus, Brbhm, t. c. 924.
Callichen micropus, Brehm, t. c. 925.
■Callichen rufescens, Brehm, Vogelfang, 1855, 379.
Red-crested Pochard, Selby, Brit. Orn. ii. 350. — Dresser, Z. c.
Bed-created Whistling Duck, Yarrell, Brit. B. ed. 2, iii. 327, fig.; ed. 3, iii. 329, fig. —
Gray, I. c.
Hab. — Southern and eastern Europe, northern Africa, and India;
occasional in northern and central Europe, and casual in the British
Islands; accidental in eastern U. S. (Kew York market, Boardman;
spec, in U. S. Nat. Mus.).
Adult ^ (57207, U. S. Nat. Mus.; Hungary, W. Schliiter).— Head and
upper half of the neck delicate pinkish cinnamon, or vinaceous-rufous,
the full, soft crest (occupying the entire pileum) paler and less reddish,
the feathers light buff at tips ; lower half of the neck (including a nar-
row stripe which extends up the nape to the occiput), jugulum, breast,
abdomen, anal region, crissum, upi>er tail-coverts, and rump brownish
black, deepest on the neck and jugulum, and with a decided dark-green
gloss on the upper tail-coverts. Back and scapulars uniform light
umber-drab or Isabella -color ; wing-coverts and tertials brownish gray ;
speculum white basally, changing gradually into pale grayish, then suc-
ceeded by a rather broad subterminal bar of dusky, the tip narrowly
and abruptly white ; four outer primaries with outer ends dusky ; inner
quills pale ashy, with broad dusky ends; tail dull dark grayish. A
broad bar or transverse patch across anterior scaj)ular region, anterior
border of the wing, lining of the wing, axillars, and a very large patch
was based, is quite a different type from Fulix (formally restricted to F. marila and
its allies by Professor Baird, in 1858) and JEtlujia, and should, in my opinion, be sepa-
rated generically. The first use of the term Branta in a generic sense was by
Scopoli in 1769 (for Anscr bernicla, L., A. moschata, L., A. torrita, L., A. albifrons, L. —
a very heterogeneous assemblage, which invalidates its subsequent employment unless
restricted to one or another of the species named by Scopoli not already been supplied
with a generic name, of which, however, there appears to be none not thus iirovided.
24 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
covering the flanks and posterior half of the sides, pure white. " Bill
bright vermilion-red, the tip white; irides reddish brown; legs orange-
red. Total length 21 inches." (Dresser, B. Eur. pt. xxii.) Wing,
10.20 ; culmen, 2.00 ; tarsus, 1.50 ; middle toe, 2.25.
Adult 9 (57209, U. S. Nat. Mus.; Hungary, W. Schluter).— Crest much
less developed than in the male, light hair-brown, this color descending j
to the level of the lower border of the eye, and posteriorly continuing in a 1
narrow stripe down the nape ; rest of the head and neck very pale ashy,
as are also the lower parts in general; jugulum, sides, and flanks light
raw-umber brown, the tips of the feathers lighter; anal region and
crissum uniform light drab, the latter whitish terminally. Upper parts
in general umber-drab (the wings being more brownish than in the J ),
darker on the rump ; white patch at base of scapular region wholly ob-
solete, and white border to the wing indistinct ; speculum pale ashy,
becoming gradually dull white basally, and brownish dusky subter-
minally, and with a narrow white terminal margin as in the J . " Eyes
hazel ; beak blackish, with a pink tip, a portion of the lower mandible
being yellowish pink ; legs and feet pinkish, webs blackish." (Dresser,
I c.) Wing, 9.90 ; culmen, 1.90 ; tarsus, 1.50 ; middle toe, 2.20.
Immature S (61957, U. S. Nat. Mus. ; vicinity of New York City, Feb.,
1872, G. A. Boardman). — Similar in general appearance to the adult 9 ,
as described above, but crest much less developed (the tips of the feathers
much worn) and decidedly more reddish in color ; sides and under parts
of head thickly interspersed with cinnamon-colored feathers (new moult) ;
the jugulum, breast, and posterior under parts also mixed with black
feathers, indicating the approaching adult livery ; white patch at base
of scapular region plainly indicated, and broad white border to anterior
portion of the wing very distinct; speculum much as in the 5, lacking
the distinct subterminal dusky bar of the adult i . Wing, 9.80 ; culmen,
1.80; tarsus, 1.50; middle toe, 2.15.
^^ Young in doicn (fide Baldamus, Cab. Journ. 1870, 280).— Differs
from every other duck in this plumage that I know in having a double
olive-gray stripe from the lores, dividing before the eye, and bordering
the yellowish-gray eyebrow above and the cheeks and auriculars below
upper parts, crown from the base of the bill, nape, back, and wings dull
olive-gray, excepting the spot on the shoulder, which, with the rest of
the body, is pale yellowish gray ; iris dark brown ; bill reddish brown
with the nail white ; feet ash-gray, with a greenish tinge, webs and toes
narrowly edged with yellowish white." (Dresser, I. c.)
PEOCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 25
OIV AMAZII.IA YIJCATAIVEIVSIS (OABOT) AND A. CEJBVaiVBVEXTKBS,
OOUILD.
By ROBERT RII>«}^VAY.
lu compiling the synonymy of Amazilia cerviuivcnfris, in volnmo i of
these Proceedings (pp. 14:8, 149), I united this species with A. yucatanoisls
(Cabot), on the strengtli of Mr. D. G. Elliot's opinion (see note on p.
119) that they were the same. The editors of " The Ibis," however, in that
journal for April, 1879, p. 208, dissent from this determination, and sug-
gest that "a comparison of the Texan specimens with Mexican exam-
ples of A. cerviniventris and this type [Cabot's type of yuvatancnsh\
would be satisfactory, as Mr. Gould has always asserted that A. ijuca-
tanensis and A. cerviniventris are distinct species". Through Dr. Cabot's
liindness I have been able to make a direct comijarisou of his type of
yucatanensis and the Texan specimens, so called by me, and find that
they are indeed quite distinct species, the latter being A. cerviniventris
of Gould, and exactly like examples of that species irom eastern Mexico.
A. yucatanensis is much darker colored throughout than A. cervini-
ventris, the green above inclining decidedly to coppery bronze, Avhile
the broad tips and margins to the rectrices are deep violet-dusky, in-
stead of greenish or bronzy, little, if any, tinged with A'iolet. The most
important difference, however, consists in the coloration of the lower
parts, the green of the jugulum ending very abruptly or giving place
immediately to the deep cinnamon-rufous of the entire under surface,
excepting the femoral tufts, which are white, as in other species of the
genus. In A. cerviniventris , on the other hand, the green of the jugulum
invades both the breast and sides, in the form of a more or less dis-
tinct spotting (which, however, grows gradually fainter posteriorl,N ), the
feathers of the breast and sides being light green bordered with pale
cinnamon. The cinnamon-color of the belly, etc., is also very much paler
than in A. yucatanensis^ in which the tint is even rather deeper than in
A. cinnamomea.
The following comparative diagnoses express. more succinctly the dif-
ferential characters of the two species :
A. YUCATANENSIS. — Above greenish bronze, changing to coppery;
ends and edges of rectrices dark violet-dusky; green of the jugu-
lum giving way immediately and very abruptly to the deep cin-
namon-rufous of the breast, sides, etc.
A. CERVINIVENTRIS. — Above metallic grass-green, varying to
bronze-green in certain lights; ends and edges of rectrices
greenish bronze, or dull bronze, rarely tinged with violet ; green
of the jugulum invading the breast and sides, in the form of more
or less distinct spots, growing gradually fainter posteriorly, the
remainder of the under parts much paler cinnamon.
26 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
The measurements of the two species appear to vary but little, the
four examples of A. cervinivenfris now before me ranging in length of
wing from 2.15 to 2.30 inches, while the type of A. yucatanensis measures
2.20 ; the length of tail in the latter is 1.60, and in the former series
varies from 1.50 to 1.70. The culmen ranges from .70 to .80 in cervini-
ventris, but the bill of the type of yucatanensis is unfortunately broken,
so that its length cannot be ascertained.
A. cerviniventris appears to be exclusively an eastern species (as are
also A. yucatanensis and A fuscicaudata), its habitat extending from
southeastern Texas to Vera Cruz, and perhaps also to Yucatan, since
Mr. Elliot (Synopsis, p. 219) states that he "can perceive no difference
between Mexican and Yucatan specimens ". The A . cinnamomea appears
to be wanting from eastern Mexico, but in the collection of the National
Museum are specimens from Mazatlan, Tehuantepec, and Yucatan, be-
sides San Salvador and Nicaragua, though Mr. Elliot gives only " Guat-
emala and Costa Eica" as its habitat.
DESCRIPTIOIVS OF IS'EW SPECIES OF FISHES (ITBAIVIDEA ITIAR-
GirVATA, IPOTAITSOCOTTUS BENDIBEl) A]\I> OF MYCffOFHUM
CBENUIiABE J. AIVO O.
By TARI.ETOIV H. BEAN.
The first two species here mentioned as undescribed formed part of a
collection received from Capt. Charles Bendire, U. S. A. Several other
species received at the same time are retained for study and comparison
with fuller material promised from the same source.
The Myctophum was obtained by Mr. W. H. Dall, in the Pacific, off
Puget Sound.
Uranidea marginata, n. s.
24197; 9 specimens; tributaries of Walla Walla Eiver; Capt. Charles
Bendire, U. S. A.
B. VI ; D. VII-VIII, 18-19 ; A. 15-14 |; V. I, 3 ; P. 13-14 ; C. 14-15.
This species is allied to Cottus cognatus Eich., but differs from that
species in having the vent nearer to the insertion of the caudal than to
the snout, while the origin of the anal falls in the vertical from the third
dorsal ray instead of the sixth, as in Eichardson's species. The ventral
has 1 spine and 3 rays (0. cognatus has 1 spine and 4 rays). The longest
pectoral rays are shorter than the head (equal to the head in cognatus).
Head broad, slightly depressed, its greatest length contained a little
more than 3 times in length of body without caudal (4 times in total
length); distance from tip of snout to eye equals length of eye, which is
^ of length of head. Vomerine teeth; none on the palatines. Body
stout anteriorly, moderately compressed posteriorly, its height at origin
of first dorsal equal to its width at the same place, and contained 4 J times
in length of body without caudal; the least width of the caudal peduncle
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 27
less than ^ its height. The distance between the eyes equals J of their
long diameter. The maxilla extends to the vertical through the end of
the anterior third of the orbit. The preoperculum has a short, broad,
rather blunt spine at its angle and a much smaller one on its lower limb ;
between these two the margin in some specimens is crenulated, some-
times forming an additional blunt spine. The i)reopercular spines are
all hidden under the skin.
The distance of the first dorsal from the snout is contained 2§ times
in length of body without candal; its longest spine is ^ as long as the
head; the length of its base is contained 5 times in length of body with-
out caudal, 6 times in total length; the length of the second dorsal base
is ^ of total length. The length of the anal base is ^ of length without
caudal. The length of the ventral is contained from 6 to C^ times in the
total length. The length of the pectoral is ^ of length of body without
caudal.
The colors have faded, but the ground color seems to be plumbeous,
with occasional blotches of darker. The fins are more or less distinctly
punctulated. The first dorsal is darker than the body and has a distinct
white margin.
Fotamocottus Bendirei, u. s.
The type of this S[)ecies, catalogue No. 2419t), was collected by Capt.
Charles Bendire, U. S. A., in Eattlesnake Creek, near Camp Harney,
Oregon, May 2, 1878. I take pleasure in dedicating the si^ecies to this
excellent collector and observer, who has contributed so much to the
Museum.
Description. — The length of the type is 2.7 inches (69°"") to base of
caudal. The greatest height of the body at the origin of the dorsal
equals its greatest width over the base of the pectorals, and is con-
tained nearly 4 times in its length without caudal. The least height of
the tail is -^t^ of the length without caudal. The length of the middle
caudal rays is contained IJ times in length of body.* Width of the
mouth equals ^ the length of the head.
The maxillary extends a little behind the front margin of the eye. The
snout is as long as the eye. The distance between the eyes is less than
their diameter, and is contained 5 times in the length of the head; the
diameter of the eye 4 times. The length of the lower jaw equals ^ the
length of the head. Preopercuhim armed with 4 spines; the largest
is at the angle, and is about ^ as long as the eye ; the 3 anterior ones
are very small and hidden by the skin. The distance ot the spinous
dorsal from the snout is ^ of the length of the body; the length of the
longest spine of the first dorsal is about 4 of that of the head and about
I of the longest dorsal ray. The longest dorsal and anal rays are equal.
The length of the anal base almost equals the length of the head.
The length of the second dorsal base is a little greater than the length
of the head.
* Length of body here means length without caudal.
28
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
The pectorals reach to the origin of the anal ; ventrals do not reach
to the vent.
Vomerine and palatine teeth present. Siiin smooth.
Radial formula: B. VI; D. VlIE, IG; A. 12; V. I, 3; P. 15; C. 15.
Color: Uniform dark brown above, lighter on the throat and belly.
Myctophum crenulare, J. & G.
The museum has an additional specimen of this species, which was
washed aboard a United States Coast Survey vessel commanded by
Mr. William H. Dall, in N. lat. 49°, W. long. 151°. It was collected by
Mr. W. G. Hall. The specimen is numbered 23945 in the National
Museum Fish Catalogue.
Description.— D. I, 11; A. I, 16; P. 13; V. 7; scales 2^-45-6|.
The basis of coinjjarison for the measurements of difiereut parts of the
body is the total length without caudal. The greatest height of the
body is contained 4 times in this length, the length of the head 3§ times ;
the least depth of the tail equals ^ of the height of the body at the ven-
trals, height of the head nearly equal to its length without snout. Eye
large, its diameter being more than the interorbital distance, and con-
tained 3 times in the length of the head. Posterior margin of the pre-
operculum oblique. Snout very short and obtuse, about ^ as long as
the eye. The maxillary is f as long as the head, scarcely dilated pos-
teriorly; it reaches almost to the posterior margin of the preoperculum.
The origin of the dorsal fin is equally distant from the tip of the snout
and the root of the caudal, and is about over the tips of the extended
ventrals ; it is about in the vertical through the sixteenth scale of the
lateral line ; its last ray is over the twenty- fifth scale of the lateral line
and the eighth anal ray. The i)ectorals are imperfect, but they appar-
ently do not extend much beyond the origin of the ventrals. Scales
coarsely denticulated, some of them showing about 6 teeth on their free
margin ; those on the lateral line are conspicuously the largest. Lower
parts with a double series of pearl-colored spots, besides a few isolated
ones.
Measurements.
Current number of specimen.
Locality
5 (716)
I ;;3945.
Lat. 49° N.,
Long. 151 W.,
Sept. 15, 1871.
Milli-
meters.
lOOtha
of
length.
Length to origin of middle candal rays
59
100
Body :
25
Greatest width
9
Height at ventrals -
24
Least height of tail
6
Length of caudal peduncio
20
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL A^TUSEUM. 29
Measurements — Continued.
Current number of specimen.
Locality
J (716)
\ 23945.
Lat. 49° N.,
Long. 151 W.,
Sept. 15, 1871.
Milli-
meters.
lOOths
of
length.
Head :
Greatest length
Greatest width
"Width of interorbital area .
Length of snout
Length of maxillary
Length of mandible
Diameter of orbit
Dorsal (tirst) :
Distance from snout
Lengthofbase
Length of longest ray
Dorsal (soft):
Distance from snout
Length of longest ray
Anal :
Distance from snout
Length of base
Length of longest ray
Pectoral :
Distance from snout
Length
Ventral :
Distance from suont
Length
Dorsal
Anal
Pectoral
Ventral
>. umber of scales in lateral lino
Number of transverse rows above lateral line.
Number of transverse rows below lateral line
I, 11
1,16
13
7
45
2i
6i
'■'a
10
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18i
9
NOTKS ON THE FISHES OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF THE UNITED
STATES.
By DAVID S. JORDAN and CHARI.ES H. OILBERT.
It is the purpose of this paper to present a list of the species of fishes
known to occur along our Pacific coast, between the Mexican boundary
and the boundary of British Columbia, together with notes on the dis-
tribution, habits, size, value, etc., of each species, in advance of the pub-
lication of a general descriptive work. The paper is to be considered
mainly in the light of a contribution to our knowledge of the geograi)hi-
cal distribution of fishes. The "common names" here given are, in all
cases, those heard by the writers among the fishermen on different parts
of the coast.
Family BRANCHIOSTOMATID^.
1. Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas) Gray.
Obtained by Dr. J. G. Cooper in San Diego Bay.
Not seen by us.
Family MYXINID^.
2. Polistotrema dombeyi (Miiller) Gill. — Lamperina; Hag ; Eel.
Santa Barbara {fide J. Weinmiller) to Eel Eiver (Lockington). Very
abundant in the Bay of Monterey, but not taken elsewhere by us. It
30 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
fastens itself usually on the gills or isthmus of large fishes, sometimes
on the eyes, whence it works its way very rapidly into the inside of the
body. It then devours all the flesh of the body without breaking the
skin, so that the fish is left a mere hulk of head, skin, and bones. It is
especially destructive to fishes taken in gill-nets. In every gill-net set
at Monterey in summer, more or less of these empty shells are obtained.
When these are taken from the water the hag- fish scrambles out with
great alacrity. It is thought by the fishermen that the hags enter the
fish after the latter are caught in the gill-net, and that they will devour
a fish of 10 or 15 pounds weight in a single night. At any rate, large
fishes of even 30 pounds are often brought up without flesh and withi
out viscera, and we can hardly suppose that they swim about in theseJi
in this condition before coming into the gill-nets. The fish chiefly eaten
are Sehastichthys pinniger, 7niniatus, mystinus, etc., OpModon elongatuS}
ParaUchthys maculostis, and RhacocMlus toxotes.
The hag-fish reaches a length of 14 inches, and is not used as food'
The geuus Polistotrema (Gill, MSS.) is distinguished from Heptairema
[Bdellostoma) by the presence of 11 or 12 gill-openings instead of 7.
Family PETEOMYZONTID^. f
3. Ammoccetes plumbeus (Ayres) J. «& G.
San Francisco northward ; seen by us at Seattle and San Francisco.
Nothing especial known of its habits, but it doubtless ascends most of
the coast streams in spring. It reaches a length of 8 inches, and is not
brought into market except when accidentally mixed with other species.
4. Entosphenus tridentatus (Ricliardsou) Gill. — Lamprey; Lamperina.
{rctromijzon llvidus, ciUatus, iridentatus, and astori Girard.)
Monterey Bay to Puget Sound ; seen by us at Santa Cruz and Asto-
ria. It ascends the fresh waters in the spring to spawn, running in the
Columbia in June. It reaches a length of more than 2 feet, and becomes
very fat. It is never used as food so far as we know.
Family NOTIDANID^.
5. Notorhynchus maculatus Ayres. ^
From Monterey to Puget Sound. In Humboldt Bay it is extremely
abundant, and it is much sought for the oil.
6. Hexanclius corinus Jordan & Gilbert. — Shovel-nosed Shark. *
Monterey to Puget Sound; probably not uncommon. A fine exam-
ple obtained at Neah Bay (Cape Flattery) by James G. Swan. Another
taken by us at Soquel.
Family HETERODONTIDiE.
7. Heterodontus francisci (Girard) DumMl. — Leopard Sharlc; Bull-head Shark.
From Point Concepcion southward. Described by Girard from Mon-
terey, but not seen by us there, and probably very rarely or never reach-
\
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 31
ing San Francisco. Abundant at San Pedro and San Diego and not
rare at Santa Barbara. It lays its eggs in January. They are enveloped
in large cylindrical egg-cases, which are spirally twisted and without
tentacles. This shark reaches a length of 2J feet, and is used for no
j)uri)ose.
Family SCYLLIID^.
8. Catulus ventriosus (Garman) J. & G. — Ground Shark; Puffer SharJc.
From Monterey Bay southward. Abundant at Santa Barbara in win-
ter, where it lives in the kelp, and is taken in large numbers in lobster-
pots set for the "crawfish" {PanuUrus interruptus), it being very fond
of the salt fish used as bait. It is rarely taken in the summer, and it
perhaps visits shallow water in the spawning season only, retiring to
deeper w^ater in summer. The egg-cases are extruded in February.
They are flatfish, oblong, quadrangular, with very long tentacles at the
angles. This shark reaches a length of 2J feet, and is valueless. It is
remarkable for its habit of inflating its body by swallowing air, like a
Tetrodon.
Family GALEOEHINID^.
9. Miistelus hinnulus (Blainville) J. & G. — Dog Shark.
(Mustelus californicus Gill.)
From San Francisco southward. Very abundant at San Pedro and
San Diego, living chiefly in bays and lagoons and feeding upon Crustacea
and small fish. It has very little oil in its liver, and is used only for
crawfish bait and similar purposes. The young are sometimes salted
and dried by the Chinese, tied in bundles, and shipped inland to the
Chinese laborers on the railroads. They are not much valued even by
them.
Most of the specimens seen were 2 to 2J feet in length, but two adult
females seen at San Pedro were 5 feet long and weighed about 40 pounds
each.
10. Rhinotriacis henlei Gill.^ — Dog Shark.
Humboldt Bay to Monterey. Two adults 2^ feet long, with the young
inside and nearly ready for delivery, were taken at Monterey in April.
The embryo is connected to the uterus by a i^lacenta, as in Bhinotnacis
(Pleuracromylon) Iccvls, with which the present species is doubtless con-
generic. Many young examples about a foot long were obtained of the
Chinese fishermen at Potrero, near San Francisco, in August, and
numerous others were seen in Humboldt Bay. This species is chiefly
used for bait.
11. Triads semifasciatus Girard. — Leopard Shark; Catfish; Cat Shark.
From Cape Mendocino southwarcf; very abundant in aU bays and
along sandy shores. The adults enter the lagoons in summer to bring
forth their young, and hundreds of them are sometimes taken at once
32 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
with the seine. It reaches a length of about 3 feet and a weight of 25
pounds. It yiekis but very little oil, and is considered wholly worthless
by all fishermen.
12. Galeorhinus galeus (Liniiiieus) Blaiuville. — Oil Sharlc; Whiie Shark,
From Cape Mendocino southward; very abundant everywhere in bays
and lagoons during the summer. It brings forth its young from May to
August, entering shallow bays for this iiurpose. It is taken in large
numbers for its fins and its oil at Soquel, Monterey, and especially at
Westminster and Newport, in Los Angeles County. It is usually taken
with book and line, herring and other silvery fish being the best bait.
It reaches a length of 5 or 6 feet and a weight of 50 pounds, although
most of those taken range from 30 to 40. A single liver makes three-
fourths to one gallon of oil. The pectoral, dorsal, and caudal fins are
taken off and dried in the sun. The Chinese buy these at about 15 cents
a pound when dried. They strip off the skin and remove the fleshy part,
and the gelatinous rays of the fin are valued by them very highly for
soup, selling when prepared at about $1.50 per pound. The fins of no
other American shark are considered valuable by the Chinese.
13. Galeocerdo tigrinus Mliller & Henle. — Man-eater Shark.
From San Diego southward. The jaws of a large example taken
near San Diego were seen.
14. Carcharhinus glaucus (Linnajus) Jordan & Gilbert. — Blue Shark.
A young specimen taken near San Francisco is in the Museum of the
California Academy of Sciences, and the jaws of an adult taken near
Seattle are in the Museum of the University of Washington Territory.
15. Eulamia lamia (Eisso) Gill. — Bay Shark.
A partially grown specimen and the jaws of an adult individual ob-
tained at San Diego.
" Family SPHYENID^.
16. Spliyrna zygasna (Linnajus) Rafinesque. — Rammer-head Shark.
A specimen of this species was obtained by Dr. J. G. Cooper at San
Pedro, and sent to the United States ^National Museum.
Family ALOPIIDJd:.
17. Alopias vulpes (Gmeliu) Bonaparte. — Thresher.
Occasionally taken at San Francisco and in Monterey Bay. Probably
most abundant at Soquel, but seen by us only at Monterey.
Family LAMNID^.
18. Lamna cornubica (Linnreus) MliUer &, Henle.
A single specimen obtained at San Francisco. Another was taken
last year at Santa Cruz, and a drawing of it made by Dr. C. L. Ander-
son.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 33
19. Isurus (? oxyrhynchus Eafiuesque).
Two jaws of a species of Isurus, supposed to be J. oxyrhynchus, were
obtained at San Pedro.
20. Carcharodon carcharias (L.) J. & G. — Man-eater Shark.
Occasionally taken about Monterey Bay. One of 24 feet in length
taken at Carmelo this year, and one of 20 feet at Soquel. One taken a
few years ago at Soquel had a young sea-lion weighing 100 jjounds in
its stomach. It is valued only for the oil in its liver.
Family CETORHINIDyE.
21. Cetorhinus maximus (Linnieus) Blaiuvillo. — Ground Shark.
Occasionally taken about Monterey by the whalers, and sometimes
entangled in gill-nets. About five taken during the present year at
Soquel and Monterey, ranging from 26 to 31 feet in length. It is valued
for the oil in its enormous liver.
Family SCYMNID^.
22. Somniosus tnicrocephalus (Blocli) Gill. — Ground Shark.
From Puget Sound northward; not rare. Often taken on trawl-
lines set for dog-fish. A specimen 8 feet in length seen by us at Vic-
toria. The livers are used with those of the dog-fish for making " dog-
fish oil". In habits this species is very sluggish, lying " on the water
like a log ".
Family SPIXACID.E.
23. Squalus acanthias Liunteus. — Doy-fish ; Spinarola.
From Santa Barbara to Alaska ; occasional southward ; excessively
abundant from Puget Sound northward. It lives especially in deep or
quiet bays or channels, coming into shallower water in pursuit of her-
ring or salmon. It feeds chiefly on herring, but will take any bait, even
its own young. It is caught in great numbers with trawi -lines for its
oil, both by white men and Indians. It reaches a length of about 3 feet.
The young are brought forth in June in Puget Sound.
Family SQUATINID^.
24. Squatina angelus Dnm^ril. — Angel-fish; Angclo ; Squat.
From San Francisco southward; not uncommon. Seen by us at Se-
quel, Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Pedro, and San Diego. It reaches
a length of nearly 5 feet and a weight of 60 pounds. It is not used
for any purpose.
Family TORPEDINID^.
25. Torpedo californioa Ayres.
Not common. Seen by us only at Soquel and San Francisco. It
reaches a length of at least 2J feet and a weight of nearly 50 pounds.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 3 April 13, 1881.
34 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
family EHINOBATID^.
26. Rhinobatus productus Ayres. — Guitar; Shovel-nosed Shark.
From Cape Mendocino southward; exceedingly abundant from Santa
Barbara to San Diego, inhabiting sandy shores. It brings forth its
young in August. It reaches a length of 3 feet and a weight of 15
pounds. The tails of moderate- sized specimens are eaten by the Chinese
and Mexicans, although little valued by either. The body is sometimes
used for lobster bait.
27. Platyrhinoidis triseriatus (Jordan & Gilbert) Garman.
From San Francisco southward; generally abundant, with the pre-
ceding. It is viviparous, bringing forth its young in August, 4 to 6 in
each ovarial sac. It reaches a length of 20 inches and a weight of 4 to
5 ijoiinds. It is used for no purpose.
28. Syrrhina exasperata (Jordan & Gilbert) Garman.
Seen by us at San Diego only, where half-grown specimens are very
abundant. No adults have been seen by us, but it will probably be
found to be a vivij)arous (and therefore Ehinobatoid) species. It is
not used as food.
Family EAIID^.
29. Raia stellulata Jordan & Gilbert.
Seen by us only in the Bay of Monterey, where it is very abundant
in the winter and spring. Both adults and young are taken in great
numbers in the gill-nets. It reaches a length of 30 inches. It is never
sent to market, its dark color and very rough skin rendering it unsala-
ble, the conventional ray being light brown and nearly smooth.
30. Raia rhina Jordan &, Gilbert.
From Monterey to Vancouver's Island ; less common than the others,
but not rare. It reaches a length of 32 inches. In the neighborhood
of San Francisco it is sent to the city markets with B. hinoculata and
B. inornata; elsewhere it is rarely eaten
31. Raia inornata J. & G. — Ray; Skate; Eaie.
Very abundant about San Francisco and Monterey, where it is taken
in gill-nets and seines. It reaches a length of 24 to 30 inches. It is
brought into the San Francisco market in large numbers from the im-
mediate vicinity, never being shii^ped from any considerable distance.
The pectoral fins are alone eaten, and these chiefly by the French.
At Santa Barbara a variety or subspecies (var. inermis) of this form
occurs in some abundance. It is similar in size and appearance, but
has the spines and armature of the body and tail very little developed.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 35
32. Raia binoculata Girarcl. — Skate; Bay.
{Baia cooperi Grd.)
From Monterey to Alaska; everywhere common ; the largest and most
abundant skate on the coast. It frequents bays and sandy shores, and
is taken with nets or hooks. It feeds on crustaceans and fishes. Two
specimens of Cottus polyacanthocephalus, each a foot long, were found in
the stomach of one of these skates. The egg-cases are laid in July.
They are quadrate, with very short tentacles, and are nearly a foot in
length. Baia binoculata reaches a length of 5 to 6 feet and a weight of
more than 00 pounds. It is generally the commonest species in the
markets of San Francisco; elsewhere it is rarely used for food, and its
liver yields but very little oil.
Family TRYGONID^.
33. Urolophus halleri Cooper. — Bound Sting Bay.
From Point Concepcion southward ; excessively abundant in the bays
and lagoons. The bottom of portions of San Diego Bay is literally lined
with these rays, who lie on the bottom nearly buried in loose sand or
mud. This is the smallest, most abundant, and most dangerous of the
sting-rays, striking quickly and accurately with its muscular tail. One
taken in a net struck at another, the sting passing entirely through the
body of the latter. This species reaches a length of 18 inches, and is
never eaten.
34. Pteroplatea marmorata Cooper. — Bay.
From Santa Barbara southward ; common in bays and along sandy
shores. It reaches a length of Ih feet, the breadth being about 2i. It
is not usually recognized as a sting-ray, and is, therefore, frequently
used as food, the larger ones taken at San Pedro being shii)i)ed to Los
Angeles, where they are eaten by the French as Eaie.
35. Dasybatus dipterurus Jordan & Gilbert.
Abundant in San Diego Bay; not seen elsewhere. It reaches a
length of nearly 3 feet, exclusive of the tail. It is not used as food.
Family MYLIOBATID^.
36. Myliobatis californicus Gill. — Stlngaree; Sting Bay.
{Bhinoptera vespertiJio Grd.)
From Cape Mendociao' southward; very abundant, especially about
San Diego. Like the other species of sting-rays, it feeds on fishes and
Crustacea, and takes the hook readily. Its young are brought forth in
July. It reaches a weight of GO pounds or more, and is sometimes
brought into the market of San Francisco.
37. Aetobatis laticeps Gill.
California and southward ; not obtained by us.
36 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Family CEPHALOPTEEID^.
38. Manta birostris (Walbaum) Jordan & Gilbert.
{Ccratoptcra vampyrus Auct.)
We are informed on good authority that one or more individuals of
this gigantic species have been taken by whalers near San Diego.
Family CHIM^RID^.
39. Chimaera colliaei Bennett — Bat-fish.
From Monterey northward ; extremely abundant everywhere along the
coast in deep bays. It feeds on fish, etc., and takes the hook very
readily. It lays its eggs in July, the egg-cases being long and slender,
without tentacles. It reaches a length of nearly 2 feet and a weight of
6 to 8 pounds. It is not used for any purpose. The liver is extremely
large and fat, and it is said that the oil it yields is superior to any sort
of shark-oil, but the fish is too small for its pursuit to be profitable.
Family ACIPENSERID^.
40. Acipenser transmontanus Eicliardson. — White Sturgeon; Common Sturgeon.
(Acqyenser hrachgrhynchus and acutirostris Ayres.)
Common in the bays and large rivers from San Francisco northward,
great numbers being taken in the Sacramento, Columbia, and Frazer's
Elvers. It feeds on Crustacea, etc., and in Frazer's River gorges itself
on the eulachon. It runs up the rivers with the salmon in the spring,
and x)robably spawns in the summer. It reaches a length of 8 to 15 feet
and a weight probably of 300 to 400 pounds. It is largely used as food,
although very cheap. In the restaurants it is usually called " sea-bass".
Many sturgeons are smoked and caviar is made from the roe.
41. Acipenser medirostris Ayres. — Green Sturgeon.
{Acipenser acutirostris Gtbr. non Ayres.)
This species is found in the same waters as the preceding, but is much
less abundant. It reaches probably a similar size. It is not used as
food, being reputed "poisonous" by the fishermen. Seen by us at San
Francisco and Astoria.
Family MUR^XID^.
42. Murasna mordax Ayres. — Conger Eel; Congaree.
From Point (Joncepcion southward; abundant about all the Santa
Barbara Islands. It lives among rocks near low-tide mark and takes
the hook readily. It may sometimes be found on land at low tide. It
is extremely pugnacious, "striking from the shoulder" like a snake. It
reaches a length of about 5 feet and a weight of 15 to 20 pounds. It is
used as food and the flesh is very fat, resembling that of Anguilla. Its
skin is said to be poisonous ("very pizen") by the fisherman.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 37
Family ANGUILLID^.
43. Myrichthys tigrinus Girard.
Eecorded from Adair Bay, Oregon; unknown to us.
44. Ophichthys triserialis (Kaup) Gtlir.
Dr. Cooper informs me that be has taken this species on the coast. A
specimen from Lower California (the type of " Ophisurus californiensis^'
Garrett) is in the Museum of the California Academy of Sciences.
Family NEMICHTHYID^.
45. Nemichthys avocetta Jordan & Gilbert.
A single specimen, 22 inches in length, was taken at Port Gamble, in
Puget Sound, and presented to the National Museum by President An-
derson, of the University of Washington.
Family ALBULID^.
46. Albula vulpes (Linn;eus) Goode.
Rather common in San Diego Bay, running in schools. It spawns
late in summer. It reaches a length of about a foot. It is sold with
the mullet when taken, and from its bright silvery coloration meets
with a ready sale. It is, however, dry and bony, and but indifferent
food.
Family CLUPEID^.
47. Clupea mirabilis Girard. — Herring.
Everywhere exceedingly abnndant along the whole coast, especially
northward ; found south of Point Concepcion in winter only. At San
Diego it spawns in January ; further north much later. It is similar
in size and value to the Atlantic herring, and, like it, is largely smoked
or salted. The price in spring and summer is usually very low.
48. Clupea sagax Jenyns. — Sardine; Sadina.
Whole coast; very abundant southward, especially iq winter. It is
most common at San Diego, where it is taken with hook and line from
the wharves. It reaches a length of about 9 inches, and is considered
a rather better food-fish than the herring. No attempts have yet been
made to put up this species in oil.
Family ENGRAULID^.
49. Stolephorus compressus (Girard) J. & G. — Sprat.
San Pedro and San Diego Bays; very abundant, but less so than the
other species. Not seen northward. It reaches a length of about 6
inches. It is not worth much as food, the flesh being full of small, stiff
bones.
38 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
50. Stolephorus delicatissimus (Girard) J. & G.
San Diego Bay; very abundant. Not seen elsewhere. A small spe-
cies, reaching d, length of less than 3 inches.
51. Stolephorus ringens (Jenyns) J. & G. — Anchovy.
Abundant in clear bays for the entire leugth of the coast. It reaches
a length of about inches, and it often comes into the markets. Its
chief use is, however, as bait for flounders and rock-cod. The Chinese
salt them in barrels for that purpose. It is sometimes pickled with
spices by the Germans, and sold as "Norsk Anchovy".
Family SALMONID^.
52. Salvelinus malma (Walb.) J. & G. — Dolly Varden Trout; Bull Trout; Salmon
Trout.
(Salmo sijectabilis Grd. ; Salmo camphelli Suckley; Salmo lordi GnnfhQV ', Salmo
tildes Cope; Salmo callarias Pallas^ Salmo hairdi Suckley.)
Abundant in lakes and streams of the Cascade Eange from Mount
Shasta northward to Alaska. Large numbers are found in the salt
waters of Puget Sound, where they are taken in seines and with hook
and line.
In the mountains it is usually quite small ; in the lakes larger. At
Seattle and in Frazer's Eiver it often reaches a weight of 12 pounds.
It is an excellent food-fish. It feeds on sticklebacks (salmon-killers),
herrings, and other small fish.
53. Salmo irideus Gibbons. — California Brook Trout; Mainhow Trout.
From Mount Shasta to San Luis Eey Eiver, in streams of the Coast
Eange and west slope of the Sierra Nevada. Less common north of
California, and seldom seen in salt water. It is not often sent to the
market of San Francisco. It seems to be much smaller in size than
the other species of the coast, rarely becoming more than 18 inches in
length. The largest specimens seen are from McCloud Eiver, and very
deep bodied.
54. Salmo gairdneri Ricbardsou. — Steel-head; Hard-head; Black Salmon.
{Salmo trmncatus Suckley.)
Found in the mouths of the large rivers from the Columbia north-
ward, and occasionally in the Sacramento. It appears with the salmon
and is usually thought to be migratory, but is probably not so, or migra-
tory to a small degree. It spawns later than the salmon, and most of
the individuals taken during the time of the salmon run in the spring
are spent, and their flesh is of no value. In other rivers than the
Columbia, and at other seasons it is esteemed an excellent food-fish.
Its length is about that of an ordinary Quinnat salmon; the body is less
deep and tlie tail heavier. The usual weight is from 14 to 18 pounds.
It is never canned, as the flesh is pale and grows paler when boiled, and
the bones are firm and stifi'.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 39
55. Salmo purpuratus Pallas. — Oregon Brook Trout ; Salmon Trout; Lake Trout.
(Salmo clarki Ricli.)
Yery abundant in all waters north of Mount Shasta and through the
Great Basin and Rocky Mountain region ; occasional southward to Santa
Cruz. Found in abundance in salt water in Puget Sound and about
the mouth of the Columbia. It is usually seen of but 2 to 8 or 10 pounds
in weight, but occasional specimens weighing as much as 25 pounds are
taken in the Columbia in summer {C J. Smith). These latter are known
usually as steel-heads, although the common steel-head is ^'. gairdneri;
the young as brook-trout, and the partly grown as salmon-trout. This
is the most widely distributed of our trout, and it is subject to many
variations.
56. Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walb.) J. & G. — Coho Salmon of Frazer's Birer ; Silver
Salmon; Ki-iutch; Bidaya Ryha. Skewitz.
Sacramento Eiver to Puget Sound and northward; very abundant in
summer and fall. It is rarely taken in the Columbia in the spring, but
great numbers run up the river in the fall. It is one of the smallest of
the salmon, reaching a length of about 30 inches and a weight of 4 to
8 pounds. As a food fish it ranks with the young of 0. chouicha, which
it much resembles. It may be readily distinguished by the few (40-50)
pyloric coeca. In 0. chouicha there are about 180 pyloric coeca. In fall
the males become greatly distorted and hook-jawed, and specimens in
every stage can be found in late summer.
57. Oncorhynchus chouicha (Walb.) J. &G. — Quinnat Salmon ; King Salmon; Choui-
cha; Chinnook Salmon ; Spring Salmon ; Columbia Miver Salmon ; Sacramento
Salmon; Winter Salmon; White Salmon. Sawkwey.
From Ventura River northward to Behring's Straits, ascending Sacra-
mento, Rogue's, Klamath, Columbia, and Frazer's Rivers in spring, as
well as the streams of Alaska, Kamtschatka, Japan, and Northern
China; in fall ascending these and probably all other rivers in greater
or less abundance; the young taken in Monterey Bay, Puget Sound,
etc., in summer in considerable numbers. This salmon, by far the most
important fish in our Pacific waters, reaches a weight of about 70 pounds.
The average in the Columbia River is about 22 i^ounds ; in the Sacra-
mento River about 18; in other rivers usually still smaller.
58. Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum) Gill & Jordan. — Blue-lack; Sukkeye; Bed-fish;
Bascal; Frazer's Biver Salmon ; Krasnaya Byia.
From Columbia River to the Aleutian Islands ; the principal salmon
of Frazer's River; unknown in Eel River, Rogue River, and in the
Sacramento. In the Columbia River it is much less abundant than the
Quinnat salmon, and its flesh is less firm and paler. It reaches a weight
of 5 to 8 pounds, four "blue-backs" being counted at the canneries
equal to one Chinnook salmon. It runs chiefly in the spring, few of
them being seen on Frazer's River or the Columbia in the fall. Like
the Quinnat it ascends streams to great distances. It is known in the
40
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
fall as red-fish. In the upper courses of the Columbia and Frazer's
River, this species and the preceding are the only salmon found. The
blue-back, in all its protean forms, can readily be distinguished by the
much longer and more numerous gill-rakers.
59. Oncorhynchtis keta (Walb.) Gr- & J- — Dog Salmon; Quarlsch; Kayko; Le Kai.
San Francisco to Behring's Straits ; very abundant in the fall, when
it runs in all streams, but not to a great distance. Not seen by us any-
where in the spring. It reaches a weight of 12 to 20 pounds. As it is
taken only in fall, after the development of the organs of generation
has caused the deterioration of the flesh, it has little economic value.
Considerable numbers are salted or dried by the Indians.
60. Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaiim) Gill i& Jordan. — HumpbacJc Salmon ; Eaddo;
Rone; Hol'm.
Sacramento River northward to the Arctic Sea 5 abundant in Puget
Sound on alternate years, 1880 being a year of scarcity. Occasionally
seen in the Columbia and Sacramento, but not sufficiently abundant to
constitute a distinct run. It reaches a weight of 3 to 7 pounds, being
the smallest of the salmon. The females are canned in summer and
fall, the hook-jawed males being rejected.
The following table gives some of the specific characters of the species
of Oncorhynchus. The figures given are the averages of variation, so far
as known:
Name.
'So
Si
a
la
1
d
1
(2;
IS
CO
, 3
If
te
i .
B
.a
b€
® .
a
re
t-l
>
Markings.
10
13
10
14
9
14
16
23
11
i7
13
16
15
14
14
70
160
160
80
225
128
142
145
132
180
13-14
15-19
13-14
13-15
12
6
20
12
6
4
Back spotted; tail unspotted,
Choaiclia
except upper lay.
Back and tail spotted.
Dorsal region with fine spots,
Keta
which are often obsolete.
No spots anywhere in spring ;
Grorbnscha
young with vague spots on
back; tail speckled iu fall.
Back and tail spotted.
61. Hypomesus pretiosus (Girard) Gill. — Surf Smelt.
From Monterey to Alaska ; very abundant north of San Francisco,
and often seen in the San Francisco markets. It deposits its spawn in
the surf iu the spring. It reaches a length of nearly a foot and becomes
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 41
very fat. As a pan-fisli it ranks very liigli, being scarcely inferior to
the eulaclion. The Mypomesus otidus of Kamtschatka has been shown
by Dr. Bean to be a cliftereut species, spawning in fresh waters.
62. Thaleiclithys pacificus (Richardson) Grd. — Eulaclion; Hoolakin ; Candlc-Jlsh ;
Grease-fish ; Smelt.
From Oregon northward, ascending the rivers in spring in enoruions
nnoibers, but not for a great distance. It is especially nuuierons in
Frazer's Eiver and Nass Eiver, and very many ascend the Columbia.
The run m Frazer's Eiver takes place in May. They are exceedingly
fat, and when dry are said to burn like a candle. On Nass Eiver is a
factory for the manufacture of eulachon oil, intended as a substitute
for cod-liver oil. The fact that eulachon oil is semi-solid or lard-like at
ordinary temperature is a serious hindrance to its salability for this pur
pose. When fresh, the eulachon is one of the very finest of pan-fishes,
and many of them are sent to the markets of Victoria. Pickled eu-
lachons are sent to San Francisco. It reaches a length of a little less
than a foot.
63. Osmerus thaleichthys Ayres. — Smelt.
From Monterey northward ; rather common, but not in such great num-
bers as the surf-smelt and the eulachon. It is smaller and less valu-
able than these. Little distinctive is kuown of its habits. Those brought
into market are usually soft, and are less salable than the spurious
^^ smelt,^^ Atherinoijsis, with which they are often mixed. It is rarely
more than 6 inches in length.
64. Osmerus attenuatus Lockington. — Smelt.
Everywhere found with the preceding and scarcely less common.
Nothing distinctive is known of its habits, and it may possibly turn out
to be the female of the same species.
Family ALEPIDOSAUEID^.
65. Alepidosaurus borealis Gill. — Hand-satv Fish.
Puget Sound and northward, in deep water; cast on shore by storms.
A head from Puget Sound in the Museum of the California Academy of
Sciences, and another from the Aleutian Islands in the Museum of the
Alaska Commercial Company.
Family PAEALEPID.E.
66. Sudis ringens Jordan & Gilbert.
Known only from one specimen, about 8 inches in length, from the
stomach of a Merlucius, itself in the stomach of an Orcynus alalonga, in
Santa Barbara Channel.
67. Paralepis coruscans J. & G.
One specimen obtained at Port Townsend, Wash. It is very close to
Paralepis borealis Eeinh. from Greenland, if not identical with it.
42 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Family SC0PELIDJ3.
68. Synodus lucioceps (Ayres) Gill. — Dingaree Dock.
From San Francisco southward ; rather common in summer and
sometimes brought into the markets. It reaches a length of about a
foot, and is not much valued as a food-fish. This species diflters from
the Atlantic Synodus fcetens in the much greater number of scales in a
vertical series, and in the longer i)ectorals, as well as in lesser details.
The distinctive characters given by Ayres are mostly fallacious.
69. Myctophuni crenulare Jordan & Gilbert.
One specimen, 2^] inches in length, taken from the stomach of Orcynus
alalonga, in Santa Baroara Channel, in July. Another obtained off
Yancouver's Island has been recorded by Dr. Bean.
Family CYPEINODONTID^.
70. Cyprinodon californieiisis Girard.
Described from San Diego. Only the original types known.
71. Fundulus parvipinnis Girard.
From Point Concepcion southward; exceedingly abundant in muddy
bays and lagoons, especially at the mouths of streams The males in
summer have the scales rough with small corneous appendages much
as in some Cyprinidce. This species reaches a length of 2^ inches, and
is used for no purpose. .
Family SCOMBERESOOID^.
72. Exocoetus californicus Cooijer. — FJifuKj-fish ; Folador.
In great schools in summer, ranging north to Point Concepcion, and
very abundant about all the Santa Barbara Islands. It flies for a dis-
tance sometimes of nearly a quarter of a mile, usually not rising more
than 3 or 4 feet. Its motion in the water is extremely rapid, and its
motive power is certainly chiefly due to the movement of its powerful
tail in the water. On rising from the water the movements of the tail
are continued for some seconds until the whole body is out of the water.
While the tail is in motion the pectorals are in a state of very rapid vi-
bration and the vcntrals are folded. When the action of the tail ceases,
the pectorals and ventrals are spread, and, so far as we can see, held
at rest. When the fish begins to fall, the tail touches the water and the
motion of the pectorals recommences. When on the wing it resembles
a huge dragon-fly. Its motion is very swift. At first it is in a straight
line, but this becomes deflected to a curve, the pectoral on the inner
side of the arc being bent downward. It is able to some extent to turn
its course to shy off from a vessel. The motion seems to have no refer-
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 43
ence to the direction of the wind, and we observed it best from the bow
of a steamer off Santa Catalina Island in early morning, when both air
and water were free from motion.
The flying-fish reaches a length of 15 inches and a weight of about li
pounds. It is considered an excellent food-fish, and is taken in large
numbers off Santa Catalina for the market of Los Angeles. It appears
only about the middle of summer, which is its season of spawning.
Nine-tenths of those seen by us in July were males.
73. Hemirhamphus rosae Jordan & Gilbert.
Eather abundant in San Pedro and San Diego Bays, swimming slowly
about uear the surface. It reaches a length of probably not over a foot,
and is used for no purpose.
74. Scomberesox brevirostris Peters.
One specimen taken in Monterey Bay. Eecorded by Dr. Ayres from
Tomales Bay.
75. Tylosurus exilis (GrcT.) ,1. &. G. — Needle-fish ; Gar-fish.
From Santa Barbara southward ; rather common in summer, especially
in San Diego Bay. It lives in sheltered bays, swimming near the sur-
face. It'Spawns in August. It reaches a length of about 2^ feet, and
is esteemed a good food-fish.
Family MUGILID^.
76. Mugil albiila L. (Mugil inexicanus SteindachneT). — Mullet; Chub.
From Monterey southward ; very abundant in San Diego Bay. It
ascends all creeks and lagoons in winter, and many of them become land-
locked and are destroyed by the pelicans. It is said to be spreading
northward along the coast, and to have first appeared at San Pedro
about three years ago. It reaches a length of about 15 inches, and when
taken in clear water is much esteemed. Many of those brought into the
market are seined in muddy lagoons, and the flavor of the water is im-
parted to the flesh of the mullet. Like other mullets, this species feeds
on mud. It is not obviously different from the common mullet of the
Atlantic coast.
Family ATHERINID^.
77. Leuresthes tenuis (Ayres) Jordan «fc Gilbert.
Seen at San Diego only; in some parts of the bay occurring in im-
mense schools, but not generally common. This is one of the smaller
species of the family, reaching a length of rarely more than 4 inches.
78. Atherinops affiuis (Ayres) Steindacbner. — Little Smelt; Petite Smelt.
Cape Mendocino southward ; abundant, especially in bays and lagoons,
generally preferring more sheltered places than the next species. It
reaches a length of about a foot, and is a pan-fish of good quality, hav-
ing firm, white flesh, which is rather dry. Many of them are dried by the
Chinese.
44 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
79. Atherinopsi3 californiensis Girard. — Common Smelt.
From Cape Meudocino southward; very abundant, being taken with
the seine in great numbers in all open bays. It is also often taken by
trolling with a small hook. It reaches a length of about 18 inches, and
is one of the most important food-fishes on the coast. Its flesh is firm,
white, and delicate, but rather dry. The genus Atherinopsis is distin-
guished by its non-protractile premaxillaries.
Family SPHYR^NID^.
80. Sphyrasna argentea Girard. — Barracuda; Barracuta.
Abundant in summer from San Francisco southward, especially about
Monterey (Soquel) and the Santa Barbara Islands. The chief run is in
July. It spawns in August, and then disappears, probably retiring into
deeper water, or perhajjs mo\'iug southward. It is taken chiefly by
trolling at a distance of 3 or more miles from the mainland. About the
islands it may be sometimes taken by still-fishing. The young are often
taken in seines in winter. It reaches a length of about 3 feet and a
weight of about 12 ijouuds. It is considered one of the best food-fish,
and when salted and dried sells at a higher price than any other, even
than the Alaska cod-fish.
Family AMMODYTID^.
81. Ammodytes personatus Girard. — SandLant; Sand Lance.
Abundant along sandy shores from Monterey to Alaska. Found in
immense schools in Puget Sound. It burrows in the sand between tide-
marks. It reaches a length of 5 or G inches, and is sometimes taken for
bait.
Family ECHENEID^.
82. Remora jacoboea (Lowe) Gill.
A single specimen seen in the market at San Francisco. It is proba-
bly not uncommon.
83. Echeneis naucrates L.
Occasionally taken about San Francisco.
Family XIPHIID^.
84. Xiphias gladius Linn^. — Sword-fish; Espada.
Occasionally seen about Santa Catalina and the Coronados, but never
taken, the fishermen having no suitable tackle. One seen by us off
Santa Mooica about 8 feet in length.
Family SCOMBEID^.
85. Scomber scombrus Linn^. — Eastern Mackerel.
jS^ot seen by us. Capt. Charles Willughby, Indian agent at iNTeah
Bay, formerly a mackerel- fisher in Massachusetts, informs us that he
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 45
once netted a school of true eastern mackerel off Santa Catalina Island.
J. Weinniiller, of Santa Barbara, lias also taken them occasionally off
Anacapa Island. There is little doubt of the casual occurrence of this
species on our Pacific coast.
87. Scomber pneumatophorus Delaroche. — Easter Mackerel; Tin'ker Maclcerel; Little
Madcerel.
(Scomber diego Ayres; Scomber dekayi Storer. )
From Monterey southward ; coming- in irregular and often large schools
in summer and fall. It reaches a length of a little more than a foot.
88. Orcynus alalonga (Gmelin) Risso. — Albicore.
{OrctiHus pacifiCHS Cooper; Thyniius pacificus C. & V.)
From San Francisco southward; abundant in summer south of Point
Concepcion and taken by trolling. It is found in deeper water than the
bonito, being rarely taken within 6 miles of the shore. It feeds on
anchovy and squid, and occasionally rare deep-water fishes are found
in its stomach. It is shorter and deeper than the bonito, weighing 12
to 15 pounds. It is little valued as a food-fish, selling at about 25 cents.
It is caught chiefly for sport, as it is a very gamy fish.
Another Orcynus, known as the "tuna", exists about Santa Cruz
Island, but we failed to obtain it.
89. Sarda chilensis (Cuvicr & Valenciennes) J. & G. — Bonito; S2)a)iish Mackerel;
Skipjack ; Tuna.
From Monterey southward; very abundant everywhere in summer,
when it is taken in great numbers, by trolling, at a distance of 2 or 3
miles from shore. It is extensively salted and dried, but the flesh is
rather coarse, and it brings a lower i^rice than the yellow-tail and bar-
racuda. It reaches a weight of about 12 pounds and sells at about 25
cents. After the sjiawning season the young are very abundant in the
kelp.
90. Scomberomorus concolor (Lockiugtou) Jordan & Gilbert.
Monterey Bay. It comes to the market at San Francisco from Soquel
every year, but in small numbers. Barely more than 18 or 20 come in
in a single season. This year (1880) upwards of 40 were taken, nearly
half of which were secured by us. Its usual prire in the market of San
Francisco is about $2.50. The female is marked by two rows of alter-
nating, round, bronze spots about the size of the imi^il.
Family CORYPH^NID^.
91. Coryphaena (species).
A dolphin came ashore in a storm at Caj'ucos a few years since. Its
captor and eater informs us that he is well acquainted with the dol-
phin in Mexican waters, and that this was the same fish.
46 PROCZ^EDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Family STEOMATEID^.
92. Stromateus simillimus Ayres. — Pompano.
Entire coast j common, but most abundant from Santa Barbara to San
Francisco. Its movements on the coast are very irregular. It is usually
scarce in winter everywhere, and it is said that it was formeily much
less abundant than now. It is taken in seines, and also by hook and
line or grab-hook from the wharves. It is usually esteemed as the best
pan-fish on the coast, and always brings a high price — 25 to 50 cents per
pound. It reaches a length of 8 inches and a weight of little more than
half a pound.
Family CARANGID^.
93. Seriola lalandi Cuvier & Valenciennes. — Yelloio Tail; White Salmon; Cavasina.
{Seriola mazujtlana Steindacliner. )
Only about the Santa Barbara and Coronados Islands, where it is
abundant in summer, spawning in July and August; not seen in winter.
It is taken by trolling only. As a fresh fish it ranks high. When salted '
it is graded as best, with Dekaya and Sphyrcmia. It feeds on squid and
various small fishes, and reaches a weight of 40 to 50 pounds and a
length of 4 to 5 feet. The "horse-mackerel, Halatractus dorsaUs^\ re-
ferred to by Dr. Cooper in Cronise's Natural Wealth of California, is
undoubtedly the present species.
94. Caranx caballus Giintlier.
{Trachurus hoops Grcl.)
Only the original type of Girard's description has been taken on our
coast.
95. Trachurus plumierianus (Lac(Spcde) J. & G. — Horse Mackerel.
{Trachurus trachurus Giintlier; Trachurus symmetrieus Ayres.)
Very abundant in summer as far north as Monterey. It is taken in
seines in large numbers and used chiefly for bait. Many of them are
salted for this purpose. It reaches a length of about a foot and a weight
of less than a pound.
Specimens of this species from Monterey and from Venice are not ob-
viously different. The individual variations in the curvature of the lat-
eral line are considerable.
Family SERRANID^.
96. Serranus maculofasciatus Steindacliner. — Cabrilla; EochCod; Rock Bass.
San Pedro to San Diego and southward; abundant in the bays,
especially at San Diego, where many are taken in seines, and with hook
and line from the wharves. Not seen northward and not found in deep
water or about the islands. It feeds chiefly on crustaceans and squid.
It reaches a length of about 15 inches and a weight of 2 or 3 pounds,
and is considered an excellent food-fish.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 47
97. Serranus nebulifer (Grcl.) Steind. — Johnny Verde; Cabrilla; Rock Bass.
From Monterey Bay southward-, common about San Pedro and in
San Diego Bay with the preceding. It reaches a length of 18 inches
and a weight of 3 to 4 pounds, and is considered a good food-fish.
98. Serranus clathratus (Grd.) Steiud.—Crt&HZZn; Bode Bass; Kelp Salmon.
From San Francisco southward ; very abundant south of Point Con-
cepcion. One of the most common food-fishes about the islands. It
feeds on Crustacea and squid, and is found in not very deep water,
chiefly about rocks. It reaches a length of 18 inches and a weight of
about 5 pounds. It is considered one of the better class of food-fishes.
It is not often split and salted.
99. Stereolepis gigas Ayres. — Jew-Jish; Blade Sea Bass.
From the Farallones southward, chiefly about the islands; not rare,
but from its great size not very often taken. Taken by still-fishing, not
by trolling. It attains a weight of 400 to 500 pounds. Often taken by
swallowing white fish, etc., when the latter are on the hook.
Family PEISTIPOMATID^.
100. Xenichthys califoriiiensia Steind.
Described from San Diego. No specimens obtained by us.
101. Pristipoma davidsoni Steindachner. — Sargo.
San Pedro to San Diego; not common. Four seen by us at San Pedro.
Probably only taken in summer, and then in small numbers. Feeds on
Crustacea. Beaches a length of somewhat more than a foot.
Family SPAEID^.
102. Scorpis californiensis Steindachner. — Media-luna; Half-moon.
Santa Barbara Islands and southward. Especially abundant about
Catalina, where it is one of the principal food fishes, being taken in
great numbers in gill-nets. Eare at Santa Cruz Island, and probably
not found northward. One in the Museum of the California Academy
said to come from Tomales Bay. Feeds chiefly on Crustacea. It reaches
a length of about a foot and a weight of 3 pounds. It is not often dried,
but ranks high as a j)an-fish.
103. Girella nigricans CAyres) Gill. — BIne-ftsh.
From Monterey southward; abundant about the Santa Barbara
Islands, where it is an important food fish. Taken chiefly in gill-nets.
It is .entirely herbivorous. It is very tenacious of life, but begins to
soften soon after death. It reaches a length of about a foot and a
weight of 4 pounds. It is considered a fair pan-fish.
48 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Family EPHIPPID^.
104. Chaetodiptenis faber (Blocli) Bleeker.
Described from San Diego as Ephippus zonatus Grd. I^ot obtained
by us.
Family SCI.E:N^ID^.
105. Seriphus politus Ayres. — Queen-fish; King-fish.
From San Francisco southward ; abundant in summer. Found along
sandy shores and taken with seines, sometimes in great numbers, nota-
bly at Santa Barbara and Soquel. It is considered the best of the
small Sci;pi)oids, but is too small to be of very great importance. It
reaches a length of 8 inches, but is usually still smaller.
106. Cynosclon parvipinne Ayres. — Blue-fish; Corvina; Cararina; Sea Bass.
{Otollthus magdulenw Steiud.)
From San Pedro southward; very abundant at San Diego. It fre-
quents the bays, and is taken in seines and gill-nets. It feeds chiefly
on Crustacea. Its flesh is extremely good when fresh, but it soon softens,
being similar to that of the weak-fish (C. regale) in that respect. It
reaches a length of about 2 feet and a weight of 8 pounds.
107. Atractoscion nobile (Ayres) Gill. — White Sea Bass ; Sea Bass; Sea Trout (yg.) ;
Con-iiiu.
{OtoUlhus californiensis Steind.)
From San Francisco southward ; very abundant in spring and summer ;
not often seen in winter ; only adults usually taken in spring. Caught by
trolling and in gill-nets, the young in summer by seines. It reaches a
length of 4 feet and a weight of 50 pounds or more. Its flesh is highly
esteemed, and is much firmer than that of the eastern weak-fish. The
food consists of Crustacea, anchovies, etc.
The young ("sea trout") is often c(msidered by fishermen as a dis-
tinct species.
108. Menticirrus iindulatiis (Grd.) Gill. — Bagre ; Sucker; Suclcer Bass.
From Santa Barbara southward; abundant; taken in seined and gill-
nets along sandy shores. It reaches a length of 18 inches and a w^eight
of 2 J ijounds. It is held in moderate esteem as a food-fish. It feeds
largely on Crustacea. Girard's type of Umbrina undulata is a very young
specimen of this species.
109. Umbrina xanti Gill. — YcUow-finncd Eoncador ; Yellow-tail Eoncador.
From Santa Barbara southward ; generally abundant. Found along
sandy shores, and taken in seines and gill-nets. It feeds on Crustacea,
squids, etc., and spawns in July. It reaches a length of about a foot
and a weight of nearly 2 pounds. It is considered a food-fish of good
quality, and many are split and salted at San Pedro.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 49
110. Roncador stearnsi (Steiud. ) J. & G. — Roncador ; Croaker.
From Santa Barbara southward ; generally abundant on sandy shores,
in rather deeper water than the TJmhrina. Taken chiefly in the gill-
nets. It feeds mostly on Crustacea, and spawns in July. It reaches a
length of about 2 feet and a weight of 5 or 6 jDOuuds. It is considered
a good food-fish.
111. Corvina saturna (Grd.) Gtlir. — Red Roncador ; Black Roncador.
From Santa Barbara southward ; in similar situations with the pre-
ceding, but less abundant. It reaches a length of 16 to 18 inches and a
weight of 3 pounds. Like the Menticlrrus it is less attractive in color
than Umbrina and Roncador ^ but is probably similar in flesh.
112. Geiiyonemus lineatus (Ayres) Gill. — HtUe Bass ; Little Roncador.
From San Francisco southward; not common in winter, but exces-
sively abundant in summer, especially from Santa Barbara northward.
It lives between the shore and the kelp, and is taken with hook and line
at the border of the kelp, and also in great numbers in seines. Its food
is chiefly Crustacea. It reaches a length of less than a foot and a weight
of nearly a pound. It is rather soft, and not much valued as ^ood, al-
though excellent when fresh. Many are dried by the Chinese.
Family EMBIOTOCID^.
(Perch; Surf -fish.)
The fishes of this family are exceedingly abundant along our entire
Pacific coast, the centre of distribution being from Santa Barbara to
San Francisco. They all go by the general name of i)erch, and the fish-
ermen rarely make any distinction of the species. All are ovovi viparous,
bringing forth their young, 15 to 20 at a time, in spring or early sum-
mer. The young are then 1^ to 2^ inches in length, and i^erfectly able
to take care of themselves. At birth they closely resemble the adult fish,
but are redder, more compressed, and with higher fins. The flesh of the
Embiotocoids is very similar in all the species, being flavorless and poor.
113. Rhacochilus toxotes Agassiz. — Alfione; Sprat; Perch.
San Pedro to San Francisco; rather common, especially about Soquel.
Like the other species of the family, it feeds on Crustacea and small fish.
This species is the largest of the family, reaching a weight of 1 pounds,
and is considered the best of this very inferior group.
114. Damalichthys argyrosomus (Girard) J. & G. — White Perch.
From San Pedro to Puget Sound; generally common and exceed-
ingly abundant in Puget Sound ; next to Bitrema laterale and Micro-
metrus aggregatus, the species most numerous in individuals on the
coast. It is considered as, next to the preceding, the best of the Urn-
biotocidce, and reaches a weight of 2 pounds.
Proc. Kat. Mus. 81 4 April 30, 1881.
50 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
The genus Bamalichthys is distiuguislied from Ditrema by the ex-
traordinary development of the pharyngeal bones.
115. Ditrema furcatum (Grcl.) Gthr.
San Diego to San Francisco ; exceedingly abundant everywhere. Not
noticed northward. It lives in sheltered bays and is taken with seines.
It rarely reaches a pound weight, and is little esteemed.
116. Ditrema atripes J & G.
Monterey Bay ; abundant at Monterey, where large numbers are
taken in seines. It reaches the weight of 1^ pounds.
117. Ditrema laterale (Agassiz) Gthr. — Perch; Surf-fish ; Blue Perch
Santa Barbara to Puget Sound ; very abundant. Korthward the most
common of the larger species. It reaches a weight of 2 i^ounds, and is
an important market fish, although poor and watery.
118. Ditrema jacksoni (Agassiz) Gthr. — Perch; Croaker; Surf-fish.
San Diego to Puget Sound; scarce north of San Francisco, but ex-
tremely abundant south of Point Concepcion, and brought in large num-
bers to the markets. It reaches a weight of 1^ pounds, and is about as
poor as the rest of the tribe.
119v Hypsurus caryi (L. Agassiz) A. Agassiz. — Bugara.
Tomales to Santa Barbara ; generally very abundant in the edge of
the kelp, especially at Monterey. It is often taken with hook and line or
baited dip-nets, and sometimes in great numbers in seines. It is used
chiefly for bait for rock cod, the larger ones being sent to the markets.
It rarely weighs more than half a pound. In color it is one of the most
brilliant and attractive.
120. Amphistichus argenteus Agassiz. — Surf -fish; White Perch,
Tomales to San Diego; locally very common on sandy shores, espe-
cially in the surf; more abundant at Soquel and Santa Barbara than
elsewhere. It reaches a weight of 1^ pounds.
121. Holconotus rhodoterus Ag.
Tomales to Santa Barbara; not so common as most of the other spe-
cies, but often locally abundant; most numerous at Soquel. It reaches
a weight of nearly 1^ pounds.
122. Holconotus agaBsizi (Gill) J. & G.
Tomales to Santa Barbara; in abundance and distribution similar to
the preceding species. It rarely weighs over ^ pound.
123. Holconotus argenteus (Gibbons) J. & G. — Wall-eye; While Perch.
San Diego to Tomales; everywhere abundant. Taken with seines in
great numbers in sandy shores, and often with hook and line from the
wharves. It weighs about J pound, and is little esteemed.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 51
124. Holconotus analis (A. Agassiz) J. & G.
San Francisco to San Lnis Obispo ; only locally abundant. Common
only at Soquel and Santa Cruz, where it is largely taken, with Micro-
metrus, as bait for rock-fish, etc. It weighs less than ^ iiound, and sel-
dom comes into the markets.
125. Brachyistius rosaceus J. & G.
About San Francisco ; occasionally brought in with sweep-nets ; not
seen elsewhere. Its weight is usually less than ^ pound. It is the most
brightly colored of the Emhiotocidcc.
126. Brachyistius frenatus Gill.
From Catalina Island to Puget Sound ; widely distributed and often
locally very abundant, as at Monterey, Point Keyes, etc. It is used
chiefly for bait, never coming into the markets except by accident when
mixed with other fish. Weight ^ pound.
127. Micrometrus aggiegatus Gibbons. — Shiner; Sparada ; Minnie; Little Perch.
Entire coast from San Diego to Puget Sound ; everywhere the most
abundant species of the group. Found especially in sheltered bays.
It weighs less than ^ pound, and is used only for bait.
128. Abeona aurora J. & G.
Known only from Monterey Bay, where it is very abundant about
rocks. Many of them inhabit the larger rock-pools at Point Pinos. It
reaches a weight of about ^ pound, and is occasionally sent to the San
Francisco market.
129. Abeona minima (Gibbons) Gill. — Shiner.
Tomales to San Diego; rather common, but less abundant than most
of the other species. It is the smallest of the tribe, rarely weighing ^
pound. The genus Abeona is distinguished from Cymatogastcr by its
trilobate incisor-like teeth.
130. Hysterocarpus traski Gibbons. — Fresh-water Perch.
Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, and streams southward as far as
San Luis Obispo; probably abundant. Many are brought into tho
market of San Francisco, where they are eaten chiefly by the Chinese.
It reaches a weight of less than ^ pound.
Family LABRID^.
131. Pimelometopon pulcher (Ayres) Gill. — Red-fish; Fathead.
Point Concepcion southward ; very abundant in the kelp, and taken
in immense numbers by the Chinamen, who salt and dry them. It feeds
on Crustacea and shells. The flesh is rather coarse, but the fat fore-
head is esteemed for chowder. It reaches a weight of 12 to 15 pounds.
Eare instances of its occurrence at Monterey are on record.
52 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
132. Platyglossus semicinctus (Ayrea) Gunther. — Kelp-fish.
Santa Catalina and southward; not rare in the kelp; occasionally
taken in the gill-nets at San Pedro, and sometimes with a hook. It
reaches a weight of about a pound.
133. Oxyjuli3 modestus (Grd.) Gill. — Senorita; Pesea Bey.
From Monterey southward; common in the kelp, and often taken with
hook or line or baited dip-net. It reaches a weight of little more than
^ pound, and is used chiefly for bait, although said to have flesh of fine
quality.
Family POMACENTKID^.
134. Chromis punctipinnis Cooper. — Blacksmith.
Santa Barbara Islands and southward; abundant; taken with gill-nets
or hook and line. It feeds, like the other species, on shells and crabs. It
is not much valued as food, and reaches a weight of about 2 pounds.
The record by Yarrow and Henshaw of Chromis atrilobata Gill from
Santa Barbara refers to this fish. (Wheeler's Surv., Appendix NK, Ann.
Eept. Chief Engin., 1878, 203.)
135. Hypsypops rubicundus (Grd.) Gill. — Garibaldi; Bed Perch ; Gold-fish.
Abundant about the Santa Barbara Islands and southward ; taken
chiefly with gill-nets. It reaches a weight of 3 to 4 pounds, and is not
held in very high esteem as a food-fish, although gorgeously colored.
Family TEACHYFTERID^.
136. Trachypterus ? altivelis Kner. — King of the Salmon.
Comes ashore occasionally when pursued by other fishes or after
storms. The Makah Indians consider them the kings of the salmon, and
will not let any one eat them.
Three specimens are certainly known — one from Santa Cruz (Dr. C.
L. Anderson), and two from Neah Bay (Judge J. G. Swan). The speci-
men from Santa Cruz, about a foot long, examined by us, is evidently
close to T. altivelis, the ditft-rences noticed being perhaps due to age.
Family ICOSTEID^.
137. Icosteus aenigmaticus Lockington.
San Francisco and northward, in deep water; two found in San Fran-
cisco market ; one in University of California from the coast of Northern
California. It reaches a length of about 10 inches.
138. Icichthys lockingtoni J. & G.
San Francisco and northward, in deep water. The only specimen
known, found in the market at San Francisco, is about 8 inches long.
139. Bathymaster slgnatus Cope. — Bonchil.
Puget Sound and northward, in deep water; taken with hook and
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 53
line about Seattle, in some abundance on a reef of ballast rocks, in deep
water, tolerably abundant. It reaches a length of 6 to 8 inches, and is
used chiefly for bait.
Family LATILID^.
140. Dekaya* princeps (Jenyns) J. & G. — White-fish; Yellaip-tail.
From Monterey southward ; abundant ab.ait all the islands, but only
occasional at Monterey. It feeds largely on Crustacea. It is taken chiefly
with hook and line from reefs. Many of them are salted and dried both
by Americans and Chinese. As a salted fish it ranks high ; as a fresh fish
of fair grade. It reaches a length of over 2 feet and a weight of 10 to
14 pounds.
Family TRACHINID^,
141. Trichodon stelleri C. & V.
Alaska; occasionally southward to San Francisco; not seen by us
from this coast. A specimen in Alaska Commercial Company's col-
lection from Aleutian Islands.
Family GOBIID^.
142. Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper. — Mud-fish.
From San Francisco southward, abounding in the muddy bottom of
creeks and slimy lagoons iuto which the tide flows; very abundant about
Oakland and at San Pedro and San Diego. It burrows into the mud,
the bottoms being honeycombed with its holes. Two small specimens
of a species of this genus were taken in the stomach of a Hcxaprammus
stelleri, in Saanich Arm, Vancouver's Island. It reaches a length of 5
or C inches. It may readily be taken with a small hook. Mr. Charles
E. Oicutt obtained them for us in a creek hear San Diego at the rate of
50 per hour.
143. Eucyclogobius newberryi (Grd.) Gill.
Not obtained by us. Described from Tomales Bay.
144. Lepidogobius gracilis (Grd.) Gill.
From San Francisco northward; occasionally taken in the sweep-nets
with the tom-cod, and thus brought into the markets; seen by us at
San Francisco and Victoria. It reaches a length of 4 inches. Nothing
special is known of its habits.
145. Gobius glaucofrenum (Gill) J. i^ G.
Not seen by us. Described from Puget Sound.
146. Othonops eos Rosa Smith.
The specimens known found burrowing in sand among rocks about
Point Loma, near San Diego. Locally very abundant.
* Caulolatilus Gill : nomen nudum.
54 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Family CHIRID^.
147. Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas) Gill. — Horse Mackerel; Candle-fish; Beshoive.
From Monterey northward; generally common, especially in Puget
Sound, where many are taken from the wharves, especially at Seattle.
Taken by the Chinese at Monterey with set-lines, in rather deep water,
and about San Francisco in winter with sweep-nets. It feeds on
Crustacea, worms, and small fish, and reaches a length of 40 inches
and a weight of 15 pounds; those usually seen rarely exceed 2 or 3
pounds. As a food-fish it is generally held in low esteem, although
sometimes fraudulently sold as "Spanish mackerel". The large spec-
imens taken in deep water about Vancouver's Island, known to the
Makah Indians as Beshowe, are highly valued as food-fish, according to
Mr. Swan.
148. Myriolepis zonJfer Lockingtou.
The only specimen known came from Monterey Bay. It is about 10
inches in length.
149. Oxylebius pictus Gill.
From Monterey northward, living among rocks near shore, in clear
waters ; not very rare, but from its small mouth and peculiar habits very
rarely taken except for bait in dip-nets baited with crushed crabs.
Seen by us at San Francisco, Monterey, and Saanich. It reaches a
length of 6 to 8 inches, and is used only for bait.
150. Zaniolepis latipinnis Grd.
From San Francisco northward, in rather deep water. It is taken in
large numbers in the sweep-nets of the paranzelle, and is occasionally
brought into the markets of San Francisco. It feeds on Crustacea,
reaches a length of about a foot, and is not often eaten.
151. Ophiodon elongatus Grd. — Cultus Cod; California Cod; Blue Cod; Buffalo Cod;
Ling.
From Santa Cruz Island northward; excessively abundant from Mon-
terey to Victoria and beyond. It lives about rocky places, and is taken
with hook and line or gill-net. Many are dried by the Chinese and
Indians. It feeds on Crustacea, squid, and various fishes. It reaches
a larger size northward than about San Francisco, the greatest length
being nearly 5 feet and the weight 50 or 60 pounds; most seen in mar-
ket are considerably smaller. It is one of the better food-fishes, and in
amount is one of the most important on the coast. Its flesh is usually
of a pale livid blue.
152. Hexagrammus decagrammus (Pallas) J. &G.—5are5'a(; Sea Trout; Bodieron;
Hock Trout.
From San Luis Obispo northward ; everywhere moderately common,
most so in the Bay of Monterey and off San Francisco. A common fish
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 55
of the San Francisco markets. It feeds chiefly on Crustacea and worms.
It dies soon after being taken from the water, and does not keep very
long before softening. The fish spawns in July. The males (CMropsis
constellatus Grd.) and the females {G. guttatus Grd.) differ so much in
color that they have been usually taken for distinct species. The form
lately described by Mr. Lockington as CMrus maculoseriatus is, so far
as we have noticed, always female, and it seems to vary by insensible
degrees into the ordinary giittatus. It reaches a length of 15 inches and
a weight of 2-3 pounds. It is a food-fish of fair quality, but inferior to
the Ojphidon and Sebasticlitliys.
153. Hesagrammus superciliosus (Pallas) J. & G. — Sea Trout.
From Monterey northward; not very common south of Puget Sound,
and not very abundant there. In food, size, and qualities ideutical with
the i)receding. The color is quite variable and the flesh is often blue.
154. Hexagrammus asper Steller. — Starling.
(Chirks hcxafjrarnmus Gtbr. ; Clnrus trigrammus Cope.)
From Puget Sound northward; abundant everywhere in Puget Sound.
Taken in rocky places with seines and gill-nets. Intestines usually with
long tiisnioid worms. Size and value same as that of other species.
The type of CJiirus nehulosus Girard belongs to this species. The tips
of the first three soft rays have been broken ofi", and they were taken by
Girard for spines.
Family SCORP^EXID^.
155. Sebastodes paucispinis (Aj res) Gill. — Boccaccio; Merou ; JacJc ; Tom Cod.
Coast from San Francisco to the Santa Barbara Islands, inhabiting
chiefly reefs in deep water, the young coming near shore. Taken mostly
with hook and line. It feeds on various small fish. It reaches a weight
of 12 to 14 pounds, and is one of the best food-fishes. Many are taken
in the winter at Monterey, and in the summer the young from the
wharves.
Genus Sebastichthys Gill.
The members of this extensive genus are extremely abundant on our
Pacific coast, and form one of the most striking features of its fauna.
All are food-fish of good quality, and are sold in the markets under the
general name of rock-fish or rock-cod. All the species are ovovivipa-
rous. The young are produced in enormous numbers, and are brought
forth in early summer or spring. They are then very slender, with large
eyes and imjjerfectly developed fins, and are from ^ to ^ inch in total
length.
156. Sebastichthys flavidus (Ayres) Lockiugton. — Yellow-tail.
From San Diego to Cape Mendocino; very abundant in Monterey
Bay and about San Francisco. It is found in both deep and shallow
56 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
water, and is taken iu large numbers with gill-nets and set-lines. Like
all the species of the genus, it feeds on Crustacea and small fish. This
species is one of the larger ones of the genus, reaching a weight of 6 or
7 pounds. It is considered as one of the best of the group.
157. Ssbastich':liys melatiops (Grd.) Gill. — Black Bass.
From Monterey northward ; most common in Puget Sound; not very
abundant about San Francisco, but frequently seen in the markets.
In size, habits, and value not essentially dilierent from S. JIavidus,
with which species its aflinities are closer than with S. mystinus.
158. Sebastichthys mystinus J. & G.— Black Rock-fish; Feche Pretre; Black Bass.
From San Diego northward; more common about Monterey and San
Francisco than either northward or southward. It is found in rather
shallow waters, and is mostly taken in gill-nets. It reaches a weight of
5 pounds, and from its color is less salable than the others of the group,
although the flesh is probably similar. It is probably sent to San Fran-
cisco in greater numbers than any other species.
159. Sebastichthys entomelas J. &. G.
Known only from Monterey, where it is taken with hook and line in
deef) water. Thus far the least abundant of the species. Similar in size
and value to JIavidus.
160. Sebastichthys ovalis (Ayres) Lockingtou. — Vim^a.
From Santa Barbara to Monterey; taken with hook and line iu very
deep water; one of the least abundant species. Similar in size and
value to yiS". JIavidus.
161. Sebastichthys proriger J, & G.
About Monterey and the Farallones; taken with the next species in
very deep water; not rare in its haunts. One of the smallest species,
not weighing more than 1^ pounds. In quality similar to other small
red species.
162. Sebastichthys elongatus ("Ayres) Gill. — Beina.
About Monterey and San Francisco ; abundant in very deep water with
the preceding. It is a small species, reaching a weight of 2 pounds, and
being handsomely colored is one of the most salable species. It is not
very common in the markets except in spring.
163. Sebastichthys atrovirens J. & G. — Garrupa; Green Bock-fish.
From San Francisco to San Diego; abundant about rocky places in
rather shallow water. Taken in considerable numbers in gill-nets, es-
pecially south of Point Concepcion. Man}' of them are taken in the
w inter about the Santa Barbara Islands, and a good many are dried and
salted by the Chinamen. It reaches a weight of 3 pounds, and is graded
"with JIavidus and nebulosus.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 57
164. Sebastichthys piiiniger (Gill) Lockiiigtou. — FUaurne ; lied Bock Cod.
From Mouteroy northward; abundant everywhere in deep water and
taken in great numbers, chiefly with set-lines, not often with gill-nets.
This is probably the most abundant red species in the San Francisco
markets, and many are split and salted in the deep waters of Puget
Sound. It is a large species, reaching a weight of 8 or 10 pounds. It
sells as well as the other red or green species, unless too large, when the
flesh is rather coarse.
165. Sebastichthys miniatus J. »fc G. — liasher; Basciera.
From Santa Barbara to San Francisco; found with the preceding, but
often in water less deep. It is taken with hook and line and gill-nets,
and is sent into the market of San Francisco in large numbers. It reaches
the same size as the preceding, and is equally valuable.
166. Sebastichthys ruber (Ayres) Gill. — Bed Bock Cod; Bock-fish; Tamhor.
From Santa Barbara northward ; most abundant in Puget Sound and
about San Francisco ; taken with hook and line in deep water. Large spec-
imens seen about Victoria with the skull above infested by an encysted
parasitic worm. One of the most abundant sjiecies in the San Francisco
markets, and i:)robably reaches the largest size of any — 10 to 12 pounds.
The large ones are very robust in form. It grades with pinnigtr and
miniatus, from which it is not distinguished by the trade.
167. Sebastichthys rubrivinctus J. & G.— Spanish Flag.
From Santa Barbara to Monterey, about the reefs in very deep water;
occasionally taken with hook and line in spring. It reaches a weiglit of
6 pounds. In beauty of coloration it surpasses all other fish on the coast.
168. Sebastichthys constellatus J. & G. — Bagre.
From Santa Barbara to San Francisco, in deep water; taken with
hooks only; rather abundant and frequently seen iu the market. It
reaches a weight of 2 or 3 pounds, and ranks with rosaceus and other
small species, and, like them, spawns at Monterey in early spring.
169. Sebastichthys rosaceus (Grd.) Gill. — Corsair.
From San Francisco to Santa Barbara {San Diego, Grd.), on reefs in
deep water ; where found the most abundant of the red species. It is one
of the smallest species, rarely weighing over IJ pounds, and is taken to
the San Francisco market in great numbers.
170. Sebastichthys rhodochloris J. & G.— Fly-fish.
Monterey and the Farallones, where it occurs in deep water with the
preceding in considerable abundance, and with it is occasionally sent in
large numbers to the San Francisco market in the spring.
171. Sebastichthys chlorostictus J. & G.—Pesce Vermiglia.
Known from Monterey and the Farallones, where it occurs in consid-
erable abundance with the three preceding species. It is a larger fish,
reaching a weight of 4 pounds.
58 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
172. Sebastichthys caurinus (Ricli.) J- & Gr.
Puget Sound northward; in habits and value similar to its Southern
representative 8. vexillaris.
173. Sebastichthys vexillaris J. & G. — Red Garrupa.
San Diego to Puget Sound ; generally abundant along the coast in
water of moderate depth. Taken chiefly with nets. Many are sent
to the San Francisco market, it ranking with abundance only behind
ruber, pinniger, rosaceus, flavidus, tnysUnus, auriculatus, and carnatus.
It is one of the larger species, reaching a weight of 5 or 6 pounds.
174. Sebastichthys auriculatus (Grd.) Gill. — Bock-fish.
Santa Barbara to Puget Sound ; everywhere one of the most abun-
dant species, and always the one most frequently taken near shore. It
is the only one frequenting, habitually, shallow bays and taking the
hook around wharves. It is common in the San Francisco markets and
reaches a weight of 3 pounds, although usually taken in San Francisco
Bay at half a pound weight. It is less valued tban the deep-water spe-
cies as food.
175. Sebastichthys rastrelliger J. & G. — Garrupa; Grass Bock-fish.
From Humboldt Bay southward; abundant about the Santa Bar-
bara Islands, where it is taken with hooks and gill-nets, but rarely with
seines. It occurs in considerable numbers in the San Francisco mar-
kets. It reaches a weight of 2^ pounds, and is esteemed as the best of
the family as food.
176. Sebastichthys maliger J & G.
From Monterey northward, in rather deep wator ; commonest in tlie
Straits of Fuca, where it is taken with hook and line. It is occasionally
seen in the San Francisco markets, but is one of tbe less common spe-
cies. It is one of the largest species, reaching a weight of 6 pounds.
177. Sebastichthys carnatus J. & G. — Garrupa.
From Santa Barbara to San Francisco ; abundant at Monterey, where
it is taken in great numbers in rather shallow water with gill-nets. At
Santa Barbara it is rare, and it has not been noticed northward. It
reaches a weight of 2J pounds, and grades with atrovirens, Jlavidus,
nebulosus, etc., as fairly good.
178. Sebastichthys chrysomelas J. & G.~Garrupa.
From Santa Barbara to San Francisco ; rather less abundant than
the preceding and found in rather deeper water. Otherwise very simi-
lar in size and habits.
179. Sebastichthys nebulosus (Ayres) Gill. — Garrupa; Bock Cod.
From Monterey to Puget Sound; rather common, and becoming
abundant northward. It occurs in water of moderate depth and is
taken by means of hooks and gill-nets. It is rather common in the mar-
kets of San Francisco, and reaches a weight of 3 J pounds.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 59
180. Sebastichthys serriceps J. &■ G — Tree-fish.
From Sau Diego to San Francisco ; abundant about Catalina Island
in rather deep water among rocks ; less common northward, but occa-
sionally seen in the San Francisco markets. It reaches a weight of
about 3 pounds.
181. Sebastichthys nigrocinctus (Ayres) Gill.
Monterey to Puget Sound ; rather abundant in the Straits of Fuca in
very deep water ; rare about San Francisco, and only occasionally taken
with a hook and line in deep water. It is one of the most striking spe-
cies in color, and hence preferred by buyers. It reaches a weight of 4
pounds.
182. Scorpaena guttata Grd. — Scorpene ; Sculpin; Scorpion.
Santa Barbara southward ; very abundant in rocky places, and often
in bays and shallow water. It feeds on Crustacea and spawns in spring.
It is esteemed as one of the best of food- fishes. It reaches a weight of
rarely more than li to 2 pounds. A wound from its dorsal si)ines is ex-
tremely painful for a time, like a poisoned sting.
Family COTTIDiE.
183. Nautichthys oculofasciatus Grd.
From San Francisco northward, rare ; occasionally taken in Puget
Sound in rather deep water. It reaches a length of 6 to 8 inches.
184. Blepsias cirrhosus (Pallas) Gthr.
From San Francisco northward, scarce; not rare in Puget Sound,
where it is sometimes taken in seines. It reaches a length of about 6
inches. Like the preceding, it is occasionally preserved as a curiosity
185. Oligocottus aiialis Grd. — Little Scorpion.
From Monterey to Lower California ; common in rock-pools, and ex-
tremely active. It reaches a length of about 4 or 5 inches.
186. Oligocottus maculosus Grd. — Johnny.
From San Luis Obispo to Alaska; exceedingly abundant northward,
in rock-pools and among stones close to shore in sheltered bays. One
of the most abundant species on the coast so far as the number of indi-
viduals is concerned. It reaches a length of 2 J inches, being the smallest
of our marine Cottklcc. It is subject to great variations in color, de-
pendent on the character of its surroundings.
187. Blennicottus globiceps (Grd.) Gill.
From Monterey to Puget Sound and northward, in rock-pools, with
the preceding. Its motions are, however, much less active. It is no-
where abundant. It reaches a length of 5 inches.
60 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
188. Liocottus hirundo Girartl.
About Santa Barbara and the islands; taken with hook and hne;
rare. It reaches a length of about 7 inches.
189. Leptocottus armatus Grd. — Sculpin; Drummer.
Entire coast; ever^'where abundant in lagoons, sheltered bays, and
muddy bottoms. It feeds on crustaceans, and takes the hook readily.
It reaches a length of a foot, and is held in no esteem. Some are dried
by the Chinese, who consider it one of the least valuable fishes. Its
movements are in general more active than those of most sculpins.
190. Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Grd. — Sculpin; Capisone; Salpa; Biggyliead.
Entire coast; very abundant about San Francisco, becoming less com-
mon north and south, but seen by us at Victoria and San Diego. It
lives in the kelp, at moderate depths, and is taken with the hook or
gill-net. It is a coarse, dry fish, held in very low esteem, and not sent
to the market from any great distance. It reaches a length of about 2
feet and a weight of 8 to 10 jjounds, being much the largest of the Cot-
toids on this coast.
191. Aspicottus bison Grd. — Stone Sculpin ; Salpa.
San Francisco northward; exceedingly abundant in Puget Sound in
rocky places, and among weeds at small depths in sheltered bays. At
Seattle the most abundant of the family. Less common at San Fran-
cisco. It feeds chiefly on JJlva and other green plants, of which its long
intestines are always full. It takes the hook readily with any sort of
bait, and therefore probably does not disdain animal food. It reaches
a length of about a foot, and is seldom used for food. The Euroi)ean
Coitus buhalis Euphrasen, with which this species is considered identi-
cal by Dr. Giinther, is a true Cottus, and has no intimate relation to
Aspicottus bison.
192. Hemilepidotus trachurus (Pallas) Gthr.
From San Francisco northward, in similar situations with the preced-
ing, but much less abundant. It feeds chiefly on Crustacea. It reaches
a length of about 15 inches, being, next to iScorpcenichtJiys, the largest
Cottoid of our west coast. It is rarely used as food.
193. Hemilepidotus spinosus Ayres. — Capisone; Cabezon,
About San Francisco and Monterey, where it is rather common.
Taken chiefly by the Chinese on set-lines in rather deep water. It
reaches a length of 9 inches, feeds on Crustacea,- and is held in no es-
teem as food.
194. Artedius pugetensis Steind.
Puget Sound; not abundant. It feeds on Crustacea, etc. It reaches
a length of about 9 inches, and is seldom used as food.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 61
195. Artedius megacephalus Locbington. — CliUoyiofus megacephalus Lochington.
Mining and Scieutitic Press, Sau Francisco, 1879.)
Deep water off San Francisco. Distiuguislied from the preceding by
the greatly-elevated anterior iiortion of the spinous dorsal, the first spine
reaching past the front of the soft dorsal. Specimens numbered 27, 185,
from Point Eeyes, lately distributed by the National Museum as Arte-
dius pugetensis, belong to this species.
196. Artedius quadriseriatus Lockiugton.
Only seen about San Francisco, where it is very common in deep water
off Point Reyes, being brought in by the sweep-nets, mixed with tom-cod
and prawns. It reaches a length of less than 3 inches.
197. Artedius notospilotus Grd. — Sculjnn ; Drummer; Salj^a.
Santa Barbara to Puget Sound, most abundant at Santa Barbara.
It lives in the kelp, in water of moderate depth, and is mostly taken with
the hook. It reaches a length of i to 5 inches, ana is little esteemed.
198. Artedius lateralis Grd.
Monterey to Puget Sound, inhabiting the rock-pools with the species
of OUgocottus ; net common anywhere. It reaches a length of about 4
inche;>. It is readily distinguished from the i)recedmg by the larger
mouth and the naked, smooth head.
199. Cottus polyacanthocephalus Pallas. — Sculpin ; Bull-head.
Puget Sound and northward; generally abundant ; not seen south-
ward. Carnivorous. It reaches a length of 15 inches or more, and al-
though of considerable size is not often used as food. There is much
waste in a sculpin, the removal of the head and skin leaving very little
meat, and that little comparatively is coarse and dry.
200. Ascelichthys rhodorus J. & G.
At Waada Island and other points at the entrance of the Straits of
Fuca; exceedingly abundant among the rocks at low tide. Specimens
in Mr. Lockington's collection from Gualala, Mendocino County, Cali-
fornia. Carnivorous, reaching a length of 3.^ inches.
201. Psychrolutes paradoxus Gthr.
Puget Sound and northward ; a specimen from the Aleutian Islands
is in the Museum of the Alaska Commercial Company. It reaches a
length of 2 inches.
Family AGONID^.
202. Bothragonus swaui (Steiud.) Gill.
Not seen by us ; the original specimen from Port Townsend.
203. Podothecus trispinosus (Lockington) J. & G.
San Francisco to Santa Barbara; occasionally brought in among
prawns to the markets of San Francisco; one specimen dredged at Santa
Barbara. It reaches a length of 3 inches.
62 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
204. Podothecus vulsus J. & G.
About Sail Francisco in the open sea. Brought into market occasion-
ally with prawns, and sometimes taken in sweep-nets by the paranzelle,
whicii are large fishing-boats, sailing in pairs before the wind, drawing
a large net behind and between them on the bottom. It reaches a length
of 4 J inches.
205. Podothecus acipenserinus (Pallas) Gthr.
Puget Sound and northward ; abundant ; taken frequently in seines
in water of moderate depth. It reaches a length of about a foot.
206. Brachyopsis xyosternus J. & G.
Bay of Monterey; abundant in June along the shore about Soquel;
not seen elsewhere; taken in seines. It reaches a length of 5 or 6
inches.
207. Brachyopsis verrucosus Lockington.
Point Keyes to San Francisco ; occasionally brought into the markets
with tom-cod or i)rawns, many being taken in the sweep-nets. It
reaches a length of 6 to 8 inches.
208. Aspidophoroides inermis Giinther.
Described from the Gulf of Georgia; not seen by us.
Family TRIGLID^.
209. Prionotus stephanophrys Lock.
One specimen known, from off Point Eeyes.
Family LIPAEIDID^.
210. Liparis pulchellus Ayres.
About San Francisco and Monterey, and probably northward, but not
seen by us elsewhere. Taken occasionally with seines at Soquel, and
sometimes brought into the San Francisco market. It reaches a length
of 5 or 6 inches.
211. Liparis, cyclopus Giinther.
A single young specimen obtained by us at Monterey.
212. Liparis mucosus Ayres.
About San Francisco, and i^robably northward. It reaches a length
of 5 or 6 inches.
Family CYCLOPTEEID^.
213. Eumicrotremus orbis (Gthr.) Gill.
Described from Esquimault Harbor ; not seen by us on the coast. A
specimen is in the Museum of the Alaska Commercial Company from
the Aleutian Islands.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 63
Family GOBIESOCID^.
214. Gobiesox reticulatus (Grd.) J. & G. — Suclcing-fisJi.
From Monterey uortbward to Puget Sound ; not noticed southward ;
very abundant at Point Pinos, and about Cape Flattery, where it lives
among the rocks between tide-marks. Its motions in the water are
active, but it is usually found clinging to stones. It feeds on small
shells and Crustacea, and reaches a length of 5 to inches.
215. Gobiesox rhessodon Eosa Smith Mss.
Under rocks at Point Loma, near San Diego; locally rather abundant.
Family BLEXNIIDiE.
216. Hypleurochilus gentilis (Grd.) Gill.
From Santa Barbara southward : not rare in rock-pools between tide-
marks, among algce. it reaches a length of 5 inches.
217. Neoclinus blanchardi Grd.
From Monterey southward, in the kelp ; taken occasionally with hook
and line. Feeds chiefly on Crustacea. It reaches a length of 7 to 8
inches. Seen by us at Monterey, San Luis Obispo, and Santa Barbara.
218. Neoclinus satiricus Girard.
Monterey southward; rare. Seen by us at Monterey, only. It reaches
a length of a foot, and lives in the kelp.
219. Heterostichus rostratus Grd. — Eelp-fish. '
From Monterey southward; not rare in the kelp south of Point Con-
cepcion. Taken with hook and occasioually with seines. It feeds on
Crustacea, etc. It reaches a length of about 15 inches. It is sometimes
brought to market with other fish, but no special notice is taken of it.
220. Gibbonsia elegans Cooper.
From Monterey southward; abundant everywhere in kelp and rock-
pools. It reaches a length of 8 inches, and is not noticed by the fisher-
men.
221. Cremnobates integripinnis Rosa Smitli.
San Diego to Mazatlan ; the specimens from our coast found in rock-
pools ue*- La Jolla, 12 miles north of San Diego, among algte between
tide-marks. Length 2| inches.
222. Muraenoides omatus (Grd.) GiW.— Eel.
San Francisco northward; abundant in Puget Sound. Found in rock-
pools in sheltered places and sometimes taken in seines. It reaches a
length of a foot. It is not considered a food-fish. The form called M.
Icetus is considerably more abundant than the typical omatus. They two
differ only in the form of the dorsal blotches and are, probably, not dis-
tinct species.
64 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
223. Apodichthys fucorum J. & G.
Monterey to Paget Sound; very abundant at Point Pinos ; less com-
mon about Cape Flattery. It is very abundant in the Fucus between
tide-marks, especially where thick bunches of the slender Fucus hang
from rocks into a little pool of water. At Monterey large numbers may
often be shaken from a tuft of Fucus, at considerable distance from the
water. Its movements are exceedingly active, more so than those of
other eel-shaped blennies. It reaches a length of 5 or G inches.
224. Apodichthys flavidus Grd.
San Luis Obispo to Puget Sound, in rock-pools and in the kelp. Fre-
quently taken with seines. It reaches a length of over a foot, and is
remarkable for its brilliant colors, which vary from bright green to orange
and violet with its surroundings. It feeds, like the three preceding spe-
cies, on Crustacea and small shells.
225. Anoplarchus alectrolophus (Pallas) J. & G.
From Monterey northward; most abundant in Puget Sound. It in-
habits the region between tide-marks, where it is sheltered from the surf.
It is usually found among weeds and stones where the bottom is very
muddy. It reaches a length of about 8 inches. Pyloric coeca are pres-
ent in this species, as in the species of Xipliister and Cebedichthys. They
are wanting in Apodichthys and Murwnoides.
226. Xiphister chirus J. & G.
From Monterey northward; more abundant about Puget Sound. It
inhabits the region about low-tide mark, among rocks or mussel shells
which are exposed to the action of the waves. Like the others of the
genus it is strictly herbivorous, feeding on red or green algiB. It reaches
a length of 6 to 8 inches .
227. Xiphister mucosus (Grd.) Jot.
From Monterey northward; everywhere very abundant among loose
rocks between tide-marks. It feeds on algse, and reaches a length of about
20 inches. Occasionally brought into the San Francisco market, where
it sells at 30 cents per pound.
228. Xiphister rupestris J. & G.
From Monterey northward ; everywhere very abundant witlf the pre-
ceding. It reaches a length of about a foot.
229. Lumpenus anguillaris (Pallas) GUI.— Eel.
From Northern California northward ; exceedingly abundant in Pu-
get Sound, where it inhabits sandj^ shores in water of moderate depth.
It feeds chiefly on algse. It reaches a length of 20 inches. It is occa-
sionally brought into the markets, but is not valued as food, and apija-
rently seldom eaten, its looks being against it.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. G5
230. Anarrhichthys ocellatus Ajrcs. — Eel; Morina; Azia; Wolf Eel.
From Monterey northward; not rare, but not very abundant. It
feeds on Crustacea and tislies. It reaches a length of 8 feet and a weight
of at least 25 pounds. It is sent to the markets and brings a fair price.
Family BATRACHID.^.
231. Porichthys porosissimus (C. & V. ) Grd. — Mnd-fish; Cat-Jisli; Drummer; Sing-
ing Ji><h.
Exceedingly abundant the entire length of the coast in shallow,
muddy, or weedy bays, often under stones. It reaches a length of some-
what more than a foot, and is never used as food.
Family ZOAECIDiE.
232. Lycodopsis paucidens (Lockiugtou) Gill.
San Francisco and northward; not very common; brought in with the
tom-cod taken in sweep-nets off Point Eeyes. It reaches a length of
about 10 inches, Ko notice is taken of it as a food-fish.
233. Lycodopsis pacificus Collett.
San Francisco northward, with the preceding; abundant in Puget
Sound. Distinguished only by the smaller head and mouth.
Family COXGROGADID^.
234. Scytalina cerdals J. & G.
In loose stones near low-tide mark, on Waada Island, near Cape
Flattery. It reaches a length of about inches. It is exceedingly
active in life.
Family OPHIDIID^.
235. Ophidium taylori Grd.
San Francisco to Santa Barbara; not very common; taken in sweep-
nets with tom-cod, etc., about San Francisco, and someiimes brought
into the markets. It reaches a length of about 14 inches, and no special
notice is taken of it.
Family BROTULID^.
236. Brosmophycis marginatus (Ayrcs) Gill. — Cusk ; Mustela.
San Francisco and northward ; rare ; occasionally brought into the
San Francisco market, and from its bright colors readily salable. It
reaches a length of nearly 18 inches.
Family GADID.^.
237. Microgadus proximus (Grd.) Gill. — Tom Cod; Whiting.
Monterey to Puget Sound; very abundant from San Francisco
northward, and taken in immense numbers in seines and sweei)-nets.
Its flesh is somewhat watery and tasteless, yet it meets with a ready
sale. It reaches a length of about a foot and a weight of about h,
pound.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 5 April 30, 1881.
GG PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ,
230. Gadus morrhua L. — Alaska Cod.
Straits ot'Fucaaud northward; abundant on certain banks ; probably
ocean ing off the coast of Oregon.
239. Pollachius chalcogrammus (Pallas) J. & G.
( Gadus periscojpus Cope. )
Monterey and northward; occasionally taken with hook in deep water
about Seattle with Batliymaster slgnatus; very rare, about San Fran-
cisco. It reaches a length of about 2 feet.
240. Merlucius productus (Ayres) Gill. — Merluccio; Horse Mackerel.
Santa Cruz Island northward ; very abundant at certain seasons,
especially at its spawning lime in the spring, when it is taken in great
numbers in the gill-nets at Monterey, Soquel, and' elsewhere. Its dis-
tribution is irregular, being very abundant some years but at other
times extremely scarce. It is extremely voracious, feeding on all sorts
of small fishes and squids, its stomach being always full. It rardiis low
as a market fish, as its flesh is extremely soft, and it is always ragged-
looking when shipped. It reaches a length of rather more tlian 2 feet
and a weight of 10 pounds.
Family PLEUEONECTID^. ^
241. Atheresthes stomias J. & G.
San Francisco and northward ; the only specimens taken by us were
from between Point Reyes and the Farallones. It reaches a length of
30 inches and a weight of 5 or G pounds, being probably the slenderest
flounder known.
242. Hippoglossus vulgaris Fleming. — Halibut.
From San Francisco northward; not abundant south of the Straits of
Fuca. There is a large halibut bank near Cape Flattery, and consider-
able numbers are taken in the deeper chaimels of the sound by means
of hook and line. It reaches a length of 5 or C feet and a weight of 200
pounds or more. It feeds on codfish and any other large fish which it
can take. Its flesh is much esteemed.
243. Xystreurys liolepis J. & G.
Santa Barbara and southward; not very rare, in moderately deep
water and about the kelp. It reaches a length of about 14 inches and
a weight of a little over 2 pounds.
244. Paralictitliys maculosus Grcl. — Monterey Halibut; Bastard Halibut ; Flounder.
( Uropsclta calif or nica Gill.)
Tomales Bay southward; abundant from Monterey to San Diego,
being the most abundant flounder south of Point Concepcion, the young
swarming in all the bays, the adult comparatively rare. It reaches a
length of nearly 3 feet and a weight of GO i:>ounds, the largest seen by
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 67
US weighing 55 pounds. The large ones are tJlken chiefly in gill-nets.
As a food-fish it is considered rather inferior to the others, the large
ones being tough and coarse.
245. Hippoglossoides jordani Lockington. — Sole; SogJia.
Monterey to Puget Sound; rare northward, but very abundant about
San Francisco. At Monterey it is the most abundant species. It is
considered one of the best of its family. Great numbers are salted,
hung up by the tails, suspended above the roofs, and dried, by the Chi-
nese. It reaches a length of 18 inches and a weight of 3 to 5 ])ounds.
246. Hippoglossoides elassodon J. & G.
Puget Sound and northward; not uncommon about the wharves of
Seattle and Tacoma, where it is taken with hook and line. It reaches
the length of about a foot and a weight of at least 2 pounds.
247. Hippoglossoides esilis J. & G.
San Francisco to Puget Sound, in deep water. Taken about Point
licyes with sweep-nets, at certain times, in enormous numbers. Less
common about Seattle. A small species; none seen over 9 inches in
length, weighing about f pound. It is not valued, the flesh being soft.
Most of those taken by the x)aranzelle are thrown away.
248. Psettichthys melanostictus Grd. — Sole.
From Monterey" to Puget Sound; everywhere common, but not so
abundant as some other species. It is considered the best of the floun-
ders for the table. It reaches a length of nearly 20 inches and a weight
of 4 to 5 pounds.
249. Citharichthys sordidus (Grd.) Gthr.— P/aice.
Entire coast; most abundant northward; rather rare south of Point
Concepcion. It frequents rather deep water, and is best taken with
hook or sweep net. It is one of the smaller species, rarely weighing
more than 1^ pounds, and its flesh is comparatively soft. Many are
dried by the Chinese, who do not find it necessary to hang them up as
in the case of the larger "sole", but dry them \\\)0\i tables.
250. Parophrys isolepis (Lockingtou) J. & G. — Sole.
From Monterey to Puget Sound, in rather deep water; not rare; large
numbers are brought into the San Francisco market, being taken in the
sweep-nets about Point Eeyes. It reaches a length of 15 inches and a
AA eight of 3 pounds, although usually much smaller.
251. Parophrys ischyrus J. & G.
Puget Sound; not common; the four specimens seen taken near Seat-
tle with a seine. It reaches a length of IS inches and a weight of about
4 i)ounds.
68 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
252. Parophrya vetulus Grd. — Sole.
Santa Barbara to Alaska; very abundant from Monterey northward to
Puget Sound. It is usually one of the. smallest species, reaching a length
of about 14 inches and a weight of 2 or 3 pounds. Most of those seen in
the markets weigh about half a i)ound. It is one of the jirincipal market
species, and usually sells ^ell.
253. Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayros) Lock. — Eoclc Sole.
Monterey to Alaska; rather common about rocky places, and abun-
dant in Puget Sound; considerable numbers are taken with set-lines by
the Chinese at Monterey. It reaches a length of 18 inches and a weight
of 3 to 5 jjounds.
254. Pleuronectes stellatus Pallas. — Flounder.
From San Luis Obispo northward; everywhere very abundant, espe-
cially northward and about the moutlis of rivers ; the commonest flounder
on the coast. It is reckoned a good food-fish when not too large. It
reaches a length of 2 feet and a weight of at least 10 pounds.
255. Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington. — Sole.
About San Francisco and Monterey, in rather deep water; taken
chiefly with the sweep-nets, its mouth being too small for the hook and
its habitat too deep for the gill-nets. It reaches a length of 18 inches
and a weight of about 2 j)ounds, and is considered excellent food.
256. Cynicoglossus pacificus (Lock.) J & G — Sole.
Monterey to Puget Sound, in rather deep water ; generally abundant ;
taken chiefly in the sweep-nets. Eather common at Seattle, and often
brought in immense numbers from the sweep-nets to the San Francisco
markets. It spawns in May and June. It reaches a length of a little
more than a foot and a weight of 2 pounds. This species is exces-
sively slimy when taken out of the water. It is considered as a good
food-fish when large. The small ones, taken so abundantly, are little
valued.
257. Hypsopsetta guttulata (Grd.) Gill. — Turbot; Diamond Flounder.
Tomales to San Diego ; widely distributed, but not so abundant any-
where as most of the other species. Considerable numbers are brought
to the San Francisco market, but none have been noticed by us in Mon-
terey Bay. It reaches a length of nearly a foot and a weight of about
3 pounds.
258. Pleuronichthys coenosus Grd.
San Diego to Alaska, in deep water; not very abundant anywhere
south of Puget Sound, where it is quite common. It is chiefly her-
bivorous, like the other species of the genus, and with them spawns in
May to July. It reaches a length of about a foot and a weight of 2 to
3 i)ounds. It is rarely seen in the San Francisco markets.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 69
259. Pleuronichthys deciirrens J. & G.
Monterey and San Francisco (and northward!), in deep water. Large
numbers taken in sweep-nets about the Farallones and brought into
the San Francisco markets. In size, food, and habits similar to the
l^recediug, but more abundant.
260. Pleuronichthys verticalis J. & G.
Monterey and San Francisco, in dc^i) water; taken at Monterey in
considerable numbers in the spawning season by means of gill-nets.
It is similar in size, feed, and habits to the others, but most specimens
seen in the markets are of smaller size.
261. Aphoristia atricauda J. & G.
Numerous specimens, 3 to 5 inches long, taken at San Diego.
Family AULORHYNCHID^.
262. Aulorhynchiis flavidus Gill.
Monterey to Puget Sound, in large schools in sheltered bays near
the shore ; not common southward. It reaches a length of 5 to 6
inches.
263. Gasterosteus microcephalus Grd. — Siiclclehach.
{Gdsterosteus 2)lvbcius aud pugetii Grd.)
In rivers and brackish waters from Los Angeles Elver to Puget Sound ;
commonest southward. Length 2 inches.
264. Gasterosteus aculeatus var. cataphractus (Pallas) J. & G. — Sticklebaclc ; Sal-
mon Killer. (Gasterosteus serratiis Ayres; Gasterosteus insculjjtus Rich.)
In saltwater, entering rivers from San Francisco to Alaska; very
common northward. Length 2^ inches.
Family SYNGXATHID^.
265. Siphostoma oaliforniense (Storcr) J. & G. — Pipe-fish.
Santa Barbara to Puget Sound; the form called ^S*. griseoUneatus
from San Francisco northward, the other southward and generally com-
mon; most common at Soqnel. It reaches a length of 15 to 18 inches.
266. Siphostoma leptorhynchus (Grd.) J. & G.
Santa Barbara to San Diego ; not very common except in San Diego
Bay. It reaches a length of less than a foot.
267. Siphostoma punctipinne (Gill) J. «fc G.
Only the original types, from San Diego, are yet known.
Family HIPPOOAMPID^.
268. Hippocampus ingens Grd. — Sea Horse.
San Diego ; rare. Eeaches a length of about a foot.
70 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Family TETRODONTID^.
269. Cirrhisomus politus (Ayres) J. & G.
:^rot obtained by us. A specimen in collection of California Academy,
from San Diego.
Family DIODOXTID^.
■
270. Diodon maculatas Lac.
One specimen, from near San Diego.
Family ORTHAGORISCID^.
271. Mola rotunda Olivier. — Siinjish ; Mola.
Abundant in Santa Barbara Cbaunel in summer; often seen playing
near the surface, and even leaj)ing from the water; not often taken, as
they aie not easily caughE and not used for food. Eeaches a weight of
200 pounds or more.
United States I!^ationax, Museum,
December 1, 1880.
I>ESCRai»TIOIV OF SEBASTICHTHYS MYSTIIVIIS.
By DAVBI> §. JORDAN asid CHAKLES H. GII.BERT'.
Sebastichthys mystinus.
Sebastes variabilis Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i, 7, 1854 (not of Pallas, =
Epine2)ltelus ciliatus Tilesius).
Sebastodes melanops Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. ii, 216 (in part; probably
not the figure 68, which more resembles S. mdanops ; not Sebastes melanops
Girard, = iS'e&asto8o?n«s simulans Gill).
Sebastichthys melanops Jordan &. Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii, 1880, 289,
and elsewhere.
Sebastichthys mystinus Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii, 1880, 445;
1881, 8.
Two species have been confounded by previous writers under the name
of Sebastes or Sebastosomus melanops. The one, darker in color, with
smaller mouth and black peritoneum, is found from Puget Sound to San
Diego, being most common southward, and is perhaps the most abun-
dant species of the genus on the coast. The other, paler and more spotted,
with larger mouth and white i)eritoneuin, ranges from Monterey to Sitka,
being most common northward. The first is the "Peche Pretre'^ of the
Monterey fishermen, the second the "Black Bass" of the anglers of
Puget Sound. The first is referred to by us as Sebastichthys melanops
on page 289 and elsewhere in these Proceedings (Vol. Ill); the second
as Sebastichthys simulans. The original description by Girard of his
Sebastes melanops^ however, can refer only to the second fish, as is shown
by the following statements (U. S. Pac. U. R. Expl. Fishes, 81):
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 71
"Upper surface of Lead spineless;" "tbe posterior extremity of the
maxillary, very much dilated, extends to a vertical line drawn inwardly
to the posterior rim of the orbit." " The pectorals arc broad • * * *
the tip of these fins extends almost as fiir as the tip of the ventrals.''
*' The upper surface of the head and of the dorsal region above the lat-
eral line are almost blaclj, or else of a purplish black. The side of the
body is yellowish, with an irregular ])urpli8h black spot upon nearly all.
the scales. The side of the head is of a lighter purplish black. The
inferior region is of a soiled yellow, though of a metallic hue. The fins
are unicolor, of dark purple tint." The " Peche Pi etre" has a preorbital
protuberance, which usually ends in a spine; the "Black Bass" has
neither protuberance nor spine. The mouth is smaller in the "Peche
Pretre", the maxillary barely extending to the posterior margin of the
jiupil. The pectoral tins are longer in the "Peche Pretre", extending
past the tips of the ventrals; in the other not so iar. And, finally, omit-
ting the expression " purplish ", which scarcely applies to any rock-fish,
the account of the color describes the " Black Bass", but not the "Peche
Pretre".
Furthermore, the original f ype of Girard's description, the large speci-
men from Astoria, is still preserved in the National Museum, and its
identity with the species formerly called by us S. simulans is undoubted.
The original type of the name Scbastosomus simulans is also preserved.
It belongs to the same species, differing only in having the lower oper-
cular spine somewhat less conspicuous than usual. The northern fisb,
the "Black Bass" of Puget Sound, must, therefore, retain the name of
Sebastichthys melanops, of which name simulans is a synonym, while the
" Peche Pretre " may receive the new name of Sebastichthys mystinus. Se-
bastichthys ciliatus [Epinc][.helus ciliatus Tilesius = Perca variabilis Pallas)
is related to both species, but distinct from both, having the black i^erito-
neum of mystinus, but lacking the bulge of the preorbital region. The
mouth is larger than in mystinus^ but smaller than in melanops, while
the coloration is different from both.
DESCRIPTION OF SEBASTICHTHYS MYSTINUS.
Body oval-oblong, compressed, both dorsal and ventral outline evenly
curved. Head conic, compressed, the profile almost straight. Mouth
comparatively small, oblique, the lower jaw protruding; mouth entirely
below the axis of the body; i)remaxillaries on the line of the lower rim
of the orbit; maxillary thickly scaled, reaching to opposite posterior
margin of i)upil; mandible scaly.
Top of head without spines, with the exception of the very small
nasal pair, and sometimes a preocular j^air ; the interorbital space per-
fectly arched, and the entire top of the head covered with very small,
crowded scales ; the preocular ridge forming a projection over the upper
anterior angle of the orbit. The forehead between the preocular ridges
is notably full and convex. The occijntal ridge forms two slightly dl-
72 PEOCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
verging ridges under the scales. Preorbital with a small si)iue, which
is sometimes obsolete.
Preopercle with rather strong spines, the two at the angle longest.
Opercle with two strong spines. Suprascapular spines present.
Gill-rakers numerous, long and very strong, their length half the
diameter of the eye, their number about ./V.
Scales smaller than in most of the species, in about 66 transverse
series.
Spinous dorsal low, the fourth to seventh spines highest, all lower
than the soft dorsal, the fin not deeply emarginate. Third anal spine
slightly longer than the second, but not so strong. Caudal tin emar-
ginate. Pectoral fins long, reaching beyond the tips of the veutrals to
the base of the tenth dorsal spine. Ventrals not reaching to the vent.
Fin rays: D. XII, 1, 15; A. Ill, 9.
Color slaty black, becoming lighter below the lateral line. Belly
scarcely pale. Sides often somewhat mottled. Tip of lower jaw black.
Top of head with three indistinct cross-bars: one in front of eyes, con-
tinued around anterior rim of orbit, and extending backwards across
the cheeks; one between the orbits, reappearing below in a second
oblique cheek-band; the third across occiput, extending obliquely back-
wards to the upper angle of the opercle. Fins plain dusky.
Peritoneum black, as in *S'. ovalis, S. eiitonielas, and S. ciliatus. In
S. melanops and its near relative ^S'. flavidus the peritoneum is always
white.
United States National Museum, January 5, 1881.
DJKSCRDPTffOiV OF A IVEAV SPECIES OE PTVCHOniSI>lJS (PTVCHO-
ccaat-us hakfokda), ebo:« sacbauei^to river.
By DAVID S. JOISDAIV and CHARLES H. OILBEKT.
Ptychochilus harfordi, sp. nov.
Allied to Pt. oregonensis (Rich.), but with much smaller scales.
Body long and slender, little compressed, the back not elevated, the
caudal peduncle large and stout. Greatest depth of body contained 5'^
times in its length from snout to base of caudal. Head long, pike-like,
subconic, rather slender, broad and depressed above. Length of head
contained 4 times in length to base of caudal Motith terminal, oblique,
the lower jaw somewhat projecting. Premaxillary anteriorly on the
level of the eye. Maxillary, as in other species, closely adherent to the
preorbital, except near its end, where it slips under the preorbital, its
tip extending just beyond the vertical from the front of the eye. Length
of cleft of mouth contained 2| times in length of head. Interorbital
width 32 times in the length o1 head. Eye small, placed high, its diam-
eter contained 3 times in the length of the snout, 10 times in that of
the head. Cheeks very broad. Lips normal, as in other species of the
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 73
genus. Gill-rakers ^'ery sbort. Pseudobraucliiai large. Gill-membranes
in one specimen united and wholly free from the isthmus ; in the others
joined as usual in Cyprinidcv. The condition in the first specimen is
doubtless abnormal. Pharyngeal bones and teeth as in the other spe-
cies of the genus; the teeth 2, 4-5, 2, slender, hooked, without gnnd-
ing surface.
Scales 17-90-9, those on the back and belly rather smaller than the
others, those od the breast imbedded. Lateral line very strongly de-
curved, its lowest x)oint scarcely above the line of insertion of the pec-
toral fins.
Dorsal tin inserted at a point midway between ey^ and base of cau-
dal, a little behind the insertion of the ventrals. Caudal short and
deep, not strongly forked, the lobes equal, the accessory rays not nu-
merous. Pectorals not large, extending three-fifths the distance to the
ventrals, which reach two-thirds the distance to the vent. Anal fin small.
Dorsal rays I, 8 ; anal I, 7.
This species reaches a length of nearly 3 feet. It is brought into the
markets of San Francisco in considerable numbers in the winter, in
company with the closely related and still larger species FtycJiochiliis
oregonensis {Pt. grandis Ayres), with which species it has been hitherto
confounded. The latter species is, however at once distinguished by
its larger scales, the usual number being 12-75-0. Ptychochilus rapax
Grd. has the larger scales of Ptychochilus oregonensis, and the lateral
line is represented as little decurved, the scales more loosely imbricated ;
and Pt. lucius Grd., from the Colorado River, is represented as having
the scales still smaller than in Pt. harfordi, while ^'■Ptychochilus vorax
Grd." is not a member of this genus at all, but belongs to the group
called- Gila.
We have named this species for ]\Ir. W. G. W. Ilarford, curator of the
California Academy of Sciences, who has taken much interest in the de-
velopment of the ichthyology of California, and to whom the Kational
Museum has been indebted for many favors.
The typical specimens, four in number, are entered as No. 2724C on
the Museum Eegister. The largest one is about 18 inches in length,
the others a little smaller. They were obtained by the writers in the
San Francisco market, and were taken in the Sacramento Eiver.
United States National Museum, January 5, 1881.
IVOTE OIV BAIA fllVORNATA.
By DAVID S. JOIIDAIV and CIIAKH^ES BI. GIS.BERT.
Four species of the genus Raia are known from the Pacific coast of
the United States. One of these ^vas described by Girard, under the
name of Raia hinoculata, in the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 196,
and later under the name of Uraptera hinoculata. The description con-
74 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
tains little tliat is characteristic, and the typical example seems to be
lost. We have, howeverj no doubt that it was based on a young indi-
vidual of the large skate called by us, on page 252 and elsewhere in these
Proceedings (Vol. Ill), Raia cooperi. The presence of the single spine on
the median line of the back anteriorly, as described by Girard, is one of
the most constant diagnostic characters of the j'oung of this siiecies, and
we have never found less than three or four such species in the corres-
ponding position in the species called by us hitherto Iictia hinoculata.
The Rata cooperi of Girard is based on a drawing by Dr. Cooper, and
the great size is the only diagnostic character assigned to it. As three
of the species reach a length of but 30 inches and the other a length of
C feet, we have no difficulty in making an identification with the species
described by us as Raia cooperi on page 252. Raia hinoculata of Girard
is thus probably the young of Rata cooperi of Girard. The large skate
should therefore be called Raia binoculata, while the species described toy
us on page 134 of the Proceedings as Raia hinoculata may receiv^e the new
name of Raia inornata.
Specimens of this species obtained at Santa Barbara represent a
marked variety, distinguished by the small number and feebleness of
the spines and prickles, and in the presence (in the females) of a band
of small prickles on the posterior part of the pectorals, parallel with the
edge. Suprocular spines almost obsolete. Two or three minute prickles
often present on the median line at the shoulders. A series of minute
stellate prickles beginning near the middle of tbe back, becoming hooked
spines on the tail. Lateral caudal spines scarcely developed, even in tlie
female. A band of small prickles on the posterior part of the back.
Males almost smooth. Size and color as in R. inornata. This form may-
be known as var. inermis.
United States I!^ational Museum, January 13, 1881.
OiX TII£: FISS-TIOBTALITV IIV THE OVl^F OF ITIEXICO.
By ERNEST IIVGERSOLL.
Sm: Pursuant to your verbal suggestion, I made it an object, during
my recent cruise down the western coast of Florida in the service of the
Superintendent of the Census, to inquire into the so called ''poisoned
water-' which was supposed to have caused the remarkable mortality
among the sea-fishes that occurred in the autumn of 1880. I am sorry
to be able to give so meagre an account of the matter as follows; but
must beg excuses on the plea that I was too late to see any actual de-
struction, since the cause had wholly disax>peared previous to my arrival
there, and also from the fact that I was unable to carry out my intention
of going to Key West, where most of the fishermen live who suflered in-
jury, and who could perhaps have furnished additional infprmation.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 75
It appears that this mislbrtune is not a new exj)erieuce in tlie eastern
part of rlie Gulf of Mexico. One of the oldest residents on the Floridan
coast, Mr. Benjamin Curry, of Manatee, told me, what others confirmed,
that as far back as 1844 a wide-spread destruction of all sorts of salt-
water animal life occurred, apparently due to causes precisely similar to
those which produced the lately noticed desolation. Again, in 1854 the
fishes suffered all along the southern shore, and have done so at intervals
since to a less degree, until in 1878 an excessive fatality spread among
them, which was wider in the extent of its damaging effects and prob-
ably more destructive in point of number of victims than the later visi-
tation of 1880. Even the cooler half of 1S79 was not exempt from some
appearance of the plague.
In regard to some of the manifestations of this deadly influence in the
sea during 1878, Mr. John Brady, jr., an intelligent captain, told me that
the time of year was January, and that the "poisoned water", to which
universal belief credits the death of the fishes, could easily be distin-
guished from the clear blue of the pure surrounding element. This
discolored water appeared in long patches or "stieaks", sometimes 100
yards wide, drifting lengthways with the flow of the tide. The earliest
indication of it was the floating up ot vast quantities cf dead sponges —
chiefly "loggerheads". All those seen by Mr. Brady were less than 40
miles north of Key West, in what is known as "The Bay", nor has any-
thing of the sort been seen at any time outside {i. e., southward or east-
ward) of the Florida Eeefs ; but it was soon discovered that all the hith-
erto profitable sponging grounds lying ofl" the coast as fur north nearly
as Cedar Keys, and particularly oft' the Anclotes, had been ruined.
These grounds are only now beginning to show signs of reprodnctive-
ness in sponges. At the same time, many portions of this area — for
example, Sarasota Bay — seem not to have been afi'ected, sufficiently at
least to cause the death of swimming fishes to any great extent. In
the case of the sponges, only a few of other species than the loggerhead
would l)e seen floating; but when thoy were hooked into, all were found
dead, tliough still clinging to the bottom. When a sponge dies natur-
ally it gradually becomes white at its base, through the loss of its sar-
codal matter, but all these were observed to have turned black. The
abandonment of these sponging grounds from the Reefs to Cedar Keys,
during the three or four years following this attack, entails a loss which
it is hard to estimate, because partially' compensated in the increased
price of the article in the market due to its consequent scarcity, and
because at all times the product there is an uncertain quantity; bnt I
hazard the opinion that $100,000 would not repair the damage to this
business interest alone. Had it not been for the fortunate discovery
just at that time of the sponge-tracts oft'Kock Island, northward of the
Suwanee Iliver, almost a famine in this article would have ensued.
Concerning the attack of 1880 I am able to say more. It began sud-
denly, and immediately followed the terrible hurricane which is known
76 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
as the "August gale", the fisL and all other ocean life suddenly dying
in hordes all along the southern (eastern) shore of Tampa Bay, on
Egmont Key, at its mouth, which was the most northern point, and
thence southward as far as Shark liiver, in Whitewater Bay, on the
coast. Thence fatal localities were to be found in the currents that set
southward through Bahia Honda Passage, through the Northwest Pas-
sage beyond Key West, and even out in the neighborhood of the far-
isolated Tortugas.
Everywhere throughout this whole extent of coast, except in the
mouths of the rivers and in the shallow bayous, all the forms of sea-
life died as though strichen with a plague fatal alike to all, and were
drifted upon the beaches in long windrows so dense that near human
habitations men were obliged to unite in burying them to prevent a
pestilential stench, or to haul them away by wagon-loads to be pre-
pared for manure, as A^as done in some cases. Not only were swimming
fishes destroyed, but sponges, crabs (I saw upon the beaches thousands
of horseshoe-crabs laden with their chains of undischarged eggs), and
great numbers of mollusks. The oysters at the mouth of Manatee
liiver and in Tampa were spoiled (in imagination if not in fact!), and the
excellent clams of Sarasota Bay became weak, tasteless, and of a re-
pulsive green hue at their edges. A graphic account has been given
me in a letter received from Mr. Charles Moore, jr., keeper of the light-
house on Egmont Key, at the entrance of Tampa Bay, the original of
which I transmit herewith. This i)oint witnessed the height of the ca-
lamity', and as Mr. Moore was present during the whole season, his ac-
count of facts is valuable. Mr. Moore writes:
Egmont Key, Fla., February 20, 1881.
Sir : As I promised to give you all the information about the fish
dying at this station, I will do so to the best of my ability. The first
dead fish we saw was on Sunday, October 17, as the tide came in. There
were thousands of small fish floating on the water, most of them quite
dead. 1 saw only one kind the first day; they were small fish, four
or five inches long; the Key West smackmen called them "brim".
They were a new fish to me. The next day other kinds were dying all
along the shore; the pompano was about the next to give in, and by the
25th October nearly all kinds of fish that inhabit these waters were
dying, except the ray family. I don't remember of ever seeing any
stinger or whipper ray, or the devil-fish, as we call the largest ones of
the lay family. From the 2oth of October to the 10th of November was
the worst time ; during that time the stench was so bad that it was im-
possible to go on the beach. I sent my family to Manatee, and the as-
sistant keeper and myself shut ourselves up in our rooms and kept
burning tar, coffee, sulphui-, rags, etc., night and day in order to stand it.
It was warm, damp, and cahn weather. They continued to die for about
six weeks ; they kept getting less every day. I counted seventy sharks
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 77
within 80 yards, all small; I uever saw a shark over four feet long
dead. The cow-tish and eels were about the last to die. In regard
to the cause of their dying, I have made up ray raind it was caused by
the fresh water, as there was immense quantities of fresh water coming
down the bay, and the water here was uearl}^ fresh on the surface, while
the water underneath was perfectly" salt. JSTow, if the fresh water could
have passed ofl" into the Gulf without being disturbed by winds, and
it would have naturally spread out thinner and thinner as it would have
rolled on towards the Gulf Stream, and once it got there, then there
would have been no trouble. But on the 7th of October we had a heavy
gale from the southwest, and it continued to blow from the south and
west until the 11th of October, and a very heavy sea running at the
mouth of the bay, and it churned the fresh and salt water all up together,
and the strong southerly winds set this mixed water back and kept it
here for several days. I noticed, a few days before the lish commenced
to die, a peculiar smell on the water, something like the smell of bilge-
water, and the color of the water was a dirty green, mixed with small
sediment. I noticed the fish while they were dying, when they first
come in shoal water; they would act crazy, dart around in every direc-
tion, but in a short time would give up and float ashore. On examining
them I found their gills all glued together with a slimy substance and
of a whitish color,* and in a short time the gills would turn green and
the fish bloat very large. I cannot make any correct statement as
to the number that died, but thousands of barrels floated u]i on this
island. There are no fish dying now ; all we catch are fat and nice. I
should have written to you before, but I have been very busy. I've
had a new duty to perform, taking the tide every half hour. Any in-
formation I can give you at any time I will be happy to do so.
jMy address is : Braidentowu, Manatee County, Florida.
Yery respectfully,
CHARLES MOORE, Jr.,
Keeper of Egmont Light-Rouse.
Ernest Ingersoll,
TJ. S. Fish Commission,
Washington, D. G.
Along this region of the Florida coast are several establishments or
*• factories" devoted to the catching and salting of fish, chiefly the mullet
and its roe, and to the making of superphosphates. All of these were
obliged to suspend operations, and their winter's work has been ruined,
or at least all the profits are gone. One gentleman told me of a single
definite loss he had thus suffered of $800.
To this part of the coast, also, comes a large fleet of smacks and
"smackees" every winter to catch fish for the Key West and Havana
*I failed to find any other instance in which this thickening or heguniming of the
gills hud been observed. The dead fish were elsewhere reported as healthj"^ in appear-
ance, and iu one case, at least, were eaten without harm, or even indigestion occur-
ring. — E. I.
78 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
markets, principally the latter. These smacks found that, as before, the
brownish, discolored water, "thick and glutinous" (as one described it),
which seemed the cause of the mischief, lay in streaks drifting with the
tide. The small fishes that swam into one of these patches (which had
a vertical thickness apparently coextensive with the depth of the sea at
that place) seemed unable to get out before they were stupefied, and
died as though by suffocation. Even the large carnivorous swimmers,
like the sharks and porpoises, often suffered the same t>ite, though fre-
quently they would have strength to turn back and flounder out. In
the pure element, between the deadly streaks, fish were as abundant as
ever at the distance from the coast Avhere the smacks operated, and their
wells were often filled with promptness; but it was found that it was im-
possible, even by going straight out to the Tortugas, to run the gauntlet
of the poisoned water floating between there and Cape Sable, since if
once it was encountered, and entered the well, a very few minutes suf-
ficed to bring about the death of every fin of the cargo. I have a few
notes, culled from the Key West journals, which show that a loss of
nearly $10,000 resulted from only four or five such misfortunes. The
consequence was that for some weeks the fishing throughout .all that
Ijart of the Gulf had to be wholly abandoned, involving the idleness of a
large number of vessels and their crews.
, Seeking an explanation of the phenomenon, I everywhere asked what
was the local theory to account for the matter, and was almost always
told with confidence thut it was due to an overflow of swamps and the
pouring into the Gulf of bodies of fresh water poisoned by a decoction of
noxious "acids", etc., leeched from the roots which had been soaking for
years in the pent up floods — a theory which I fail to find supported by
such tacts as I ha\'e been able to learn.
Those who do put faith in the sufliciency of this explanation, point out
that the winter of 1877-'78 was unusually wet, and that this last fall
saw more rain falling in South Florida than ever before in the recollec-
tion of the people there. This is probably true; and it may be, as as-
serted, that the years heretofore when fish have died have been those
noted for their excessive rainfiill, but 1 have not compared meteoro-
logical records. It is no doubt true also that if a sea-fish should be
plunged into water saturated with the tannin derived from decomj^osing
roots and stems of palmetto, oak, sumach, etc., which do abound in the
Everglades, he would find it eminently unhealthy. But turther than
this the hypothesis will not hold. It requires us to believe that the
overflow of a small surface of swamp-land shall so tincture the wide
area of the Gulf as to destroy its healthfulness through several weeks,
while the tides are ceaselessly swinging back and forth, and rapid cur-
rents continuously replace the water of every part with new and send
the old elsewhere. This is preposterous. Moreover, provided it was
true of the Manatee River (as is claimed), or of the Caloosahatchie far-
ther south, why should it not equally be true of the Atlantic coast,
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED CTATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 79
where tliere is the same or greater drainage, yet no such trouble Iniowu;
or of the Withlacoochee, Suwauee, and a dozeu other streams draining
swamps like the Ofeekiuofee, iu whose tangled recesses grow idauts as
noxious as those farther south, yet whose discharging currents do no
harm to the iishes ? Moreover, in the Manatee River itself no iish were
killed above the free range of the tides, though daily breasting the
swamp overflow.
Some, discarding- any theory of the decoction of poison from jdants as
an explanation, will tell you that the excess of rainwater discharged by
the rivers so freshened the surf as to cause the death of all shoreswim-
ming tishes. This, as near as I can make it out, is Mr. Moore's exi>la-
uation of the mortality at Egmont Key.
In a few confined spots, where tishes could not escape at will, this
might now and then cause a death; but it is notorious that the fishes
of the Gulf coast make little or no distinction between salt and fresh
water. Alligators swim to the outermost keys, and the best sheeps-
head caught are those far up the Caloosahatchie, sn here the stream is
always sweet, while the porpoise and shark chase the mullet away iu
toward the head of the bayous, or until the river-channel gets too shal-
low lor them to swim farther. A little fresh water, or a good deal,
more or less, would receive no attention whatever from a Floridan fish.
The Mississippi has been deluging the Gulf with a well-nigh Amazonian
volume of water, fresh not only, but thick and nasty, yet no one sup-
1 loses the fishes off the delta are obliged to stay iu its murky flood unless
they choose, or, if they do, that they suffer by it, except to the palate
of the epicure.
But a more cogent argument, from facts perhaps overlooked hereto-
fore, exists against any theory which seeks to explain the destruction of
marine life inside the Florida reefs by any landward agency. This is
that it was in all cases the dwellers on the bottom that i^erished first,
while the surface-feeders were the last to be affected, and as a rule
escaped altogether. (Until 1880, I was told, no mullets were ever
known to be killed.) It was the death of sponges, conchs, sea-anemones,
crawling horseshoe-crabs, of toad-fish, cow-fish, skates, and the like,
which keep close down on the bottom, that first apprised the fisher-
men of the presence of their dreaded and mysterious enemy. IsText
came the bodies of red-fish, groupers, pompanos, and other deep swim-
mers, and last of all a ivw mullets and sharks. Fresh water, tinctured
with tannin or untinctured, would not effect this. It would float on the
surface, having a lesser density. If it exerted a noxious influence it
would be the surface-life that would first sucmmb, the bottom-life long-
est escape. But quite the reverse has been the case, and this, with
other appearances, leads to the conclusion that the "poison" springs
from the bottom of the sea, or is formed in its waters.
The only way to account for this is by supposing that eruptions of
volcanic gases may have taken place through the bottom of the sea
80 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
along a line stretching from Tampa Bay to the Tortngas, ami tbi«,)u^li
the western half of the Florida Keys. Inquiring as well as I could
whether there had been any evidences of plutonic action in that legioa
within a few years, 1 heard a tradition that about the holidays of 1877-78
an earthquake shock had been felt on the west coast. I have had no
opportunity, as yet, to verify this, but it is a well-known fact that just
previous to the hurricane of last August, so well remembered by all the
people of Florida West as a time of almost uu])aralleled destruction
of shipping and height of tid;il waves, a shock uf earthquake was felt
throughout the whole southwestern end of the i)eiiinsula. It did con-
siderable damage in the city of Key West, and was so alarming at
Tampa that several pei"Sons ran in a fright from their houses. Imme-
diately after it, began the sudden destruction of fish I have described.
Whether the physical shock of such an occurrence, touching the fish
and creepers on the bottom, would do them harm, or whether the sub-
sequent i)atches of "poisoned water" owed their discoloration and un-
doubted deleterious properties to being saturated with sulphurous or
carbonic-acid gases derived from subterranean vents, I cannot presume
to decide. But if the last supposition had been proved true, or shall be
at some future time, would it not be a rational and sufficient exi^lanation
of the death o^ the fishes, sponges, and their kin, whenever they came
in contact with the discolored water alluded to ?
Analysis of the suspected water would have done more to solve the ques-
tion, i^robably, than anything else can do, and it is a matter of continued
regret that I could not obtain specimens of it for that purpose. After
the end of September, however, the evil diminished, and by Christmas
all of the harmful water had disappeared from the Gulf.
Eegretting that I could not have done more to get at the truth of the
matter, in essaying which I was offered every aid by the citizens of
Florida, but continually impeded by bad weather and other untoward
circumstances, I beg to submit this little that I have learned; and I have
the honor to be,
Very respectfully yours, v
ERNEST INGERSOLL.
Professor Spencer F. Bated,
United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries,
Washington, D. G-
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 81
NOTES OiV SAtiMOIVBD.B OF THE tPPEU COlLrMBIA.
By CAPT. CHARLES BENDIRE, U. S. A.
[]SroTE. — The United States National Museum has lately received from
Captain Buendire a very fine series of fislies from the neighborhood of
Fort Walla Walla, by far the most valuable collection of fishes ever made
in the waters of the Upper Columbia. The series is especially valuable,
as it throws much light on the life history of the JBlue-back Salmon or
"Eed-fish" [Oncorhynchus nerM), and shows, apparently beyond a doubt,
what no one had before suspected, so far as I know, that the supposed
land-locked little red salmon {Oncorhynchus Icennerlyi) is nothing but the
young breeding male or grilse of the Oncorhynchus nerlca. Accompany-
ing the collection are many valuable field-notes on the different species.
Those relating to the Salmon and Trout are here extracted, each para-
graph being i^receded by my identification of the species to which the
remarks refer. — D. S. Jordan.]
a. Oncorhynchus nerka (Walb.) Gill & Jor.
(Adults ill ispriiig dress; the ordinary " Blue-Lack'' of the Lower Columbia.)
Species of Salmon, 2 and ^, caught in the Columbia Elver near Wal-
lula, Wash., July 7, 1880. Local name. Silver Salmon. Some 250 miles
farther up the Snake River the same fish (at least I have every reason
to believe it to be the same fish) are called Blue-backs or Steel-backs.
This is undoubtedly the same species which during the spawning stage
is known as the Eed-fish found in the Wallowa Lake, Oregon, and Pay-
ette and Salmon Lakes, Idaho Territory.
h. Oncorhynchus nerka.
(Yonug male, exactly like the types of /SflZmo Icennerlyi Suckley.)
A very interesting specimen. I take this to be a two-year old Eed-
fish, the only one of this size seen or caught. It was very deep for its size,
and resembles, as nearly as I can recollect, the type of Scdmo Icennerlyi
very much. It was caught on a hook by one of Mr. Messenger's men
September 1, 1880, and is the only one of the size ever observed by any
of them. Color bluish black above, silvery white on lower parts.
c. Oncorhynchus nerka.
(Youug, not yet showing hooked jaw^s. )
Young Eed-fish. In some back steel-blue, in others back bluish and
greenish bronze ; sides lilac-colored, showing almost all the colors of a
rainbow ; bellies silvery white ; iris silvery with black centre. In life
one of the handsomest little fish I have ever seen. Some specimens
show spots of a bluish-black color like trout on the head and near the
tail and caudal fin, a few only along the whole back. Most of these
spots disappear shortly after death, but in some I noticed them some
Proc. Kat. Mus. 81 G June 2, 1881.
82 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
liours after capture. These fish are all about the same size, and, strange
to say, they seem to be all males,* and the milt often flows from them
while being taken from the ho6k, through squeezing them.
d. Oncorhynchus nerka.
(Adult iu September; ''Eed-fish.")
Description and color notes taken of several specimens, just as they
came out of the water, showing the differences in individuals. All were
from Wallowa Lake, Oregon, caught with a seine near the head of the
lake August 31 and September 1, 1880.
No. 1, ^ . Upper half of sides and back bright scarlet red, posterior
parts shading oft" to a bright crimson ; the two upper fins same color as
the back, lower fins bluish on lower parts, the upper ends greenish olive;
belly bluish; whole upper part of head light greenish yellow, showing
in strong contrast to the body; base of upper jaw steel-blue, lower jaw
bluish white.
Ko. 2, ^ . Upper parts claret-color, slightly brighter about the caudal
region, otherwise marked like No. 1. Top of head light yellowish green,
the yellow predominating, this color extending to and below the eye,
and backwards to end of gills, a deep olive green darker than the upper
X)arts of head, giving this specimen a very i)eculiar appearance ; belly
Jbluish white.
No. 3. Upper parts a very deep iiurple ; lower parts of belly a deep
l)luish lead-color, otherwise marked like No. 2.
No. 4, ^ . Small. Presumably just arrived at the lake. In this speci-
men the hooked nose is not as fully developed as iu the preceding ones,
and the characteristic red of this species is obscured and partly hidden
by a bluish tint. The hump is not yet developed on the back, and if it
was not for the slightly hooked nose this specimen might readily be
taken for a female. Belly silvery white beneath, slightly tinged with
blue on the sides. Iris silvery.
The females are much more uniformly colored. The head is consider-
ably tinged with steel-blue and the red tint on the sides is more or less
clouded with blue and bronze. Females after spawning show consider-
able amount of red, only after spawning I noticed that the red color-
ing matter deposited in the skin appears to be drawn from the flesh, and
I find that in proportion to the bright coloring of the skin of the fish
the flesh loses this tint. In some instances it is barely pink-colored or
almost white. After the spawning of these fish they are brightest out-
side and i^alest inside (as far as the flesh is concerned). The average
size of a number of males by actual weight is only 5 pounds, and of
females only 3f jjounds. After death within half an hour the color of
these fish rapidly changes about the head and becomes a dark olive
green with bluish reflections, in some instances almost bluish black.
* One female less than a foot long was found in tlie lot. The eggs were well de-
veloped, though few in number. — D. S. J.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 83
AmoDg any number of fish there is an almost endless variation in color,
caused, perhaps, by some remaining a longer time in the lake than
others. Wallowa Lake is about 4:^ miles in length by li to 2 miles wide.
It deepens very rapidly out a few feet from the shore, and is said to be
400 feet deep, and more than that in places. Two small streams flow
into the lake, and these form the spawning ground proper for these
fish ; and as there are falls about two miles above the mouth of these
streams over which the fish cannot leap, they are restricted to rather
limited quarters for spawning. The only place I saw any of these fish
was on the bar near the head of the lake, and there most of them are
caught. They can be seen in schools of 100 or more at almost any time
during the month of August and later. This year the run has been
very light, and fishing had to a great extent stopped when I arrived at
the lake on the last day of August. Four fisheries had been in oper-
ation, and these had put up about 20,000 pounds of fish. I believe
two or three years ago it had been the practice to obstruct the entrances
to the small stieams at the head of the lake to prevent the fish from
running up these streams. This year this was not done, and a number
of the settlers about the lake seem to be anxious to have the fish prop-
erly protected, and it is not at all too soon to do it, either. The placing
of obstructions in the above-mentioned streams, and perhaps this year
of gill nets on the bar, has no doubt something to do with the scarcity
of these fish. But the most abominable things of all which I saw per-
sonally in use are several clusters of hooks tied together, so that they
form a circle with a radius of about 3 inches. Just above these hooks
a lump of Red-fish eggs is laid. These are covered with mosquito-
netting, and by this contrivance thousands of young Red-fish (the set-
tlers call them "shiners," others call them "trout," but I am satisfied
that it will be found that they are yearling Red-fish*) are caught and
salted as well as the full-grown ones. Now, these fish are only about 4
inches long, and for every one caught two are crippled and die. So it
can readily be seen that an immense number are destroyed yearly, as
some parties make it a business to salt these down as well as matiu?e
fish.
I examined all these modes of fishing, and when I booked with a sin-
gle hook about one out of three in some other part of the body than the
head, it can readily be understood how murderous such a contrivance as
the above must be, and how many young fish can be destroyed by a sin-
gle person in a day. They bait them first, and when they become plenty
use their grappling hooks.
The fishermen at the lake complain that the Indians destroy the fish,
but from personal observation I can't at all agree with tbem. It is true
that numbers of Indians come from various parts of the country to Wal-
lowa Lake yearly to fish, and they catch a good many. While I was
camped at the lake I examined the catch of every Indian that passed
» No doubt of it.— D. S. J.
84 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
my camp, and I looked at as many as fifty Indians a dnj; each one had
from six to twelve fish usually tied on his horse, and I found that there
was about one female to ten males, and most of these were spent fish
which had already spawned. They are not at all particular about this,
and a fish which may be all bruised up and skinned is apparently just
as well relished by them as a perfectly sound one, and even these In-
dians apprecia ted the fact that it would not do to catch too many females ;
at any rate they told me tbat as a rule they let the females go, and this is
a good deal more than most of our white fishermen are willing to
do. Mostly every one out here now concedes that the Eed-fish is not
a resident of the lakes wherein it is found, and I am perfectly satis-
fied that they are anadromous and not land-locked. The only thing as
yet which I can't understand is, how do they get rid of the hooked nose
and the hump after going back to salt water! They surely can't all die
after spawning, and sometimes one that weighs as much as ten pounds
is caught, and this fish is certainly older than a five-pounder ; and it
would not be presuming too much to assert that a Salmon of that size
must have made more than one trip to sea. While in the lake they do
not appear to eat anything, and the stomachs of several which I exam-
ined were entirely emi)ty. I cannot understand how they get rid of their
long hooked nose and humj).
e. Oncorhynchus chouicha (Wall).) Jor. & Gilb.
((jumiiat or Cliiunook Salmon ; a young male corresijondiug to the ' ' kennerJiji '''
stage of the Red-fish.)
Sahno quinnat ^ . A very small specimen. If not a true Chinnook
Salmon, it was at least in comi)any with several of this species. The
back of this one was olive green, spotted like a trout, with round and
also irregularly- shaped black spots; sides greenish white. It was shot
with several others in Bear Creek, Oregon, September 4, 1880.
I was very sorry that I had not the means to preserve a pair of large
Salmon which I had, but I had no room in the large tank, and these
fish were too large to go in if I had the room. A male specimen meas-
ured 46.^ inches. Back brownish black, merging into a deep olive green
on the sides, spotted with well-defined black spots on back, upper part
of the sides, and caudal fins ; a large bright purple patch, some 8-9
inches long, 2^ to 3 wide, on the lower anal region from the ventral fin
back to tail. Belly very pale olive green and whitish. The female meas-
ured 37i inches ; colored like the male, but without any trace of red what-
ever. These fish had not spawned as yet, September 4. The red about
the anal region is much more x)erceptible in large specimens than in
small ones. None of the females (three) showed any red on them ; all
the larger males did, excepting the si^ecimen I put up. The fish were
all in good condition, none bruised and skinned up, the way I have seen
them on the headwaters of the Salmon Elver. The Indians catch but
few of these Salmon, preferring the Red-fish, which, from its small size,
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 85
^m
is easier cured ; partly smoked and dried. Now and then, I am told
these Salmon run up the Wallowa River to the entrance of the lake, but
invariably turn back
again as soon as they
strike the deep water.
I cannot vouch for the
truth of thiSj but every
one of the fishermen
claims that the princi-
pal spawning grounds
of the Chinnook Sal-
mon, in the vicinity of
Lake Wallowa, are near
the head of the South
Fork of the Wallowa
Eiver, and in Bear
Creek, Oregon. But
these fish arrive in
smaller numbers every
year, and are diminish-
ing even more rai)idly
than the Eed-fish.
/. Salnio purpuratus Pal-
las.
Trout called Salmon-
Trout at Fort Coeur
d'Alene. Belly silver
white, a red stripe
along the side, head
and back steel-blue,
with small black spots
scattered over head
and back. Small spe-
cimens have also a few
black spots under the
red stripe; these are
found mostly towards
the head.
{/. Salmo purpuratus Pal-
las.
Called a Mountain
Trout; ^ weight 7
pounds 2 ounces,length
24^ inches. I opened
this fish yesterday, Sep-
tember 18, to show him, and see that it has greatly changed.
No red
S6 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
was visible whatever on the sides when caught. The back was bluish
horu color with black cresceut-shaped spots, sides and belly silvery
white. Three larger specimens than this were caught in Wallowa Lake
this season by Mr. Messenger; one weighing over 10 pounds. I had
another one which weighed 4:^ pounds, but had no room for it in the
collecting tank, and therefore had it cooked.
h. Salmo purp-aratus Pallas. Far. Bouvieri Bendire.
(xV variety singularly colored, but not evidently diiferent otherwise. )
Trout from Waha Lake, 14 miles from Fort Lapwai, Idaho Territory.
This lake has no visible outlet, is about 3 miles long by 1^ miles wide,
and is situated on the northern slope of Craig's Mountain. I frequently
fished in this lake in the years 18G9 and 1870, when stationed at Fort
Lapwai, Idaho Territory, and never heard of any other kind of fish
being found in said lake. All the fish caught there are about the same
size, from 6 to 10 inches long. I believe it is a new species or variety,
as no similar looking Trout are found in the streams or lakes in the
neighborhood.
Back bluish green, olive color, sides silvery; in some instances the
whole belly is red, in others the sides only ; a few show a yellowish
tinge ; no red on the sides. There are round black spots near the tail,
and fainter ones on the flanks. A few have an occasional spot on the
head; two vermilion-colored stripes on each side of the under jaw; fins
edged with brick red, ranging from this color to an orange.
Caught August 21, 1880.
This lake is very deep, and the water clear and cold. A smaller lake
situated only some 400 yards from Lake Waha, and of somewhat lower
altitude, contains no fish whatever.
i. Salvelinus malma (Walb.) Jor. & Gilb.
Bull Trout, Cceur d'Alene Lake, August 5. The Bull Trout, with one
exception were caught by Drum Major Sattors, Second United States
Infantry, and I am indebted to Capt. William Mills and First Lieut.
John K. Waring, Second Infantry, for several fine specimens of Trout
and use of their boats.
According to the general testimony of all the officers, at the time I
was at the lake, the fishing there was very poor, at least as far as size
is concerned, the largest specimen not weighing over 2^ or 3 pounds,
but it seemed to me that fish weighing one pound and upwards were
very plenty. The lake, no doubt, contains some large fish, particularly
among the Bull Trout, of which specimens have been caught weighing
10 pounds and over. These were, at the time of my visit, very scarce,
and were supposed to have gone up some of the numerous streams to
spawn.
The Bull Trout seems to bear his name all over this section of country,
while for the others there are numerous names, no two parties agreeing.
The more I see of these Trout, the less hopeful I become of adding
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 87
new species among this family, and I do not believe that over four* dif-
ferent kinds are to be found in this upper country'.
j. Salvelinus malma.
Bull Trout, Coeur d'Alene Lake, August 5. Belly silver white ; back
and upper parts grayish, spotted with round pink markings ; head darker
than the back, which seems to be bluish black.
A REVfEW OF THE «ENERA AND SPECIES OF THE FAiTIII.V CErV-
TRARt'HB» E, WITH A OESCRIPTIOX OF OIVE .^E\V SPECIES.
By Clf ARI.es I.. McKAY.
The object of this paper is to give a catalogue of the genera and spe-
cies of Ceutrarchidie recognized by me, in anticiijation of a monographic
review of the family which I hope to publish at some future time. The
results here obtained are based on a study of all the specimens of Cen-
trarchidte in the United States National Museum and in the collection
of Professor Jordan. Types of nearly all the nominal species thus far
described have been examined and compared, and I believe that very
few of those here mentioned will i^rove invalid. The species not exam-
ined by me are designated by a star (*).
1. Genus CENTRARCiirs C. & V.
1. Centrarcluis macropterus (Lac.) Jor. = C. irideus C. & V.
The characters assumed to distingush C. macropterus and C. irideus
disappear on examination of a large series.
2. Genus Pomoxys Eafinesque.
2. Pomoxys sparoides (Lac.) Giraril. = Cenfrarclnis licxacaiiflnis Cuv. & Val.
3. Pomoxys annularis Raf.
3. Genus ARcnoPLiTES Gill.
4. Archoplites interruptus (Grd.) Gill.
4. Genus Ambloplites Bafinesque.
5. Ambloplites rupestris (Raf.) Gill. = ? A. cavifrons Cope.
5. Genus Acantharchus Gill.
6. Acantharchus pomctis (Baird) Gill.
* Oiicorlii/nchus chouicha ; O.nerlca; Salmo purpuratus ; Salrclinus malma. Salmo irideus
does not range so far to the northward, and Salmo (jairdncri and the three other species
of Oncorhynchus {Iccta kisuich, gorhuscha), do not ascend so far from the sea. — D. S. J.
88 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
G. Genus Ch^isnobiiyttus Gill.
7. Chaenobryttus gulosus (C. & V.) Jor. := Centrarchus viridis C. &V. ; Clionnohrijttus
rir'ulh Jor. ; Lepouiis gilli Cope ; Calliurus Jloridensis Holbr.
8. Chcenobryttus antistius McKay, nova. s,\i. \\oy. = GlossopUtes melanopsHox. 'Man.
A^crt. od. i, p. 317, and Chcvnohri/ttus (jiilosus Jor., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 1876.
This species is best distinguished from the preceding by the position of
the dorsal, the first spine being situated over the posterior margin of the
opercular lobe, while in C. gulosus the first spine is situated directly over
the posterior i)ortion of the base of the pectorals. The only specimens
of this si)ecies known to me are in the collection of Professor Jordan.
The types are from Lake Michigan. There are smaller specimens in the
collection from the Upper Wabash and the Illinois Elvers. I have ex-
amined specimens of C. rjulosus^ which is a southern form, in the Na-
tional Museum, from each of the Southern States, from Texas to Vir-
ginia.
7. Genus Lepomis Eafinesque.
This genus, as understood by me, includes Apomotis, XeiiotiSj Bryttus,
Helioperca, XystropliteSj and Eupomotis of authors. Apomotis has been
separated from Lepomis on account of the large size of the suijplemental
maxillary. On careful comparison this is found to be scarcely larger
than in one or two other species of Lepomis. It disappears by degrees,
but seems to exist in all the species, though sometimes so small as to be
inappreciable. I have even found it present in large specimens of L.
pallidus. Its presence in the species is only a character of degree, there-
fore not generic. Till the group had been more fully studied, Xenotis
was sui)posed to contain a large number of species, and was separated
from Lepomis principally for convenience' sake, and on the slight char-
acter of the feeble gill-rakers. By the comparison of a very large series
of the alleged species from Professor Jordan's collection I have come to
the conclusion that they are all forms of a single species. The gill-
rakers are usually rather more feeble than in the rest of the species of
Lepo7nis, but this again is a question of degree. Bryttus has been dis-
tinguished from Lepomis by the presence of palatine teeth. This is also
a character of degree, and is subject to the most perfect gradation. I
have found it imj)ossible to retain Xystroplites and Eupomotis also, as
there is complete gradation in the character of the pharyngeals between
Ljepomis proper and Xystroplites, and again between Xystroplites and
Eupomotis both as to the width and form of the bones themselves and
the form of the teeth.
9. Lepomis cyanellu.s Raf.
10. Lepomis symmetricus * Forbes, MSS. (in Jordan tSs Gilbert's Synopsis Fishes N\
A. iucd.).
11. Lepomis phenax (Cope & Jor.) McKay.
12. Lepomis murinus (Grd.) McKay.
Some of the types of Calliurus murinus Grd. belong to L. cyanellus, but
the specimen figured by him in the U. S. P. E. E. Exp., x, pi. vii, Fig.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 89
1, belongs to a different species, apparently distinct from all others
known. Type B. & G. No. 415, U. S. Nat. Mns.
13. Lepomis lirus* McKay, nom. sp. nov. ^ Pomotis paUidus Ag. "isot Labrus jxdUdus
Mitch. Not Eiiponwtis paUidus Jor. which is Lepomus notatus. According to
Professor Bliss (in letter to Professor Jordan), the i>haryugeal teeth of this
siiecies are paved.
14. Lepomis ischyrus Jordan &. Nelson.
15. Lepomis macrochirus Raf.
16. Lepomis punctatus (C. & V.) Jor. = Z. apiatus Cope.
17. Lepomis miniatus Jordan.
18. Lepomis humilis (Grd. ) Cope. =^ L.anagaU'nuis Cope. Type No. 430, U. S. Nat.
Mus. From Brazos R., Tex.
19. Lepomis auritus (L.) Raf.
19. a Lepomis auritus var. solis (C. & V.) McKa.j ^ Lepomis rubricauda Holhr.
The variety is the southern form, and is distinguished from the north-
ern by having larger scales on the cheeks (usually 7 rows instead of 8)
and in front of the i^ectorals, and usually a dark blotch on posterior
margin of dorsal.
20. Lepomis megalotis (Raf.) Cope. = Pomotis inscripius Ag. ; Lepomis peltastcs Cope. ;
Xenotis aureolus Jor. ; Xenolis solis Gill & Jor. ; Xenolis Itjihrocliloris Jor. ; Lch-
ihelis aiirilns Raf. ; Pomotis sanguiiwlenttts Ag. ; Pomotis nitidus Kirtland ; Po-
motis popeii Grd. ; Pomotis fallax B. & G. ; Pomotis hrcriceps B. & G.
21. Lepomis marginatus* (Holbr.) McKay.
22. Lepomis elongatus * (Holbr.) Gill & Jor.
23. Lepomis pallidus (Mitch.) Gill & Jor. = Lepomis obscarus (Ag.) Jor.
24. Lepomis bombifrons * (Ag.) Jor.
25. Lepomis heros (B. & G.) McKaj = Xystro2)Iites heros, Jor.
26. Lepomis albulus (Grd.) McKay.
The types of this species have been recently found and are identical
with XystroiJiites gilli Jor. Type No. 421, U. S. Nat. Mus. Rio Blanco,
Tex.
27. Lepomis euryorus McKay. Sp. nov.
Body very robust, compressed. Form nearly oval; dorsal outline
more convex than ventral. Antedorsal outline rather steep, slightly*
convex. Profile slightly depressed above eye. Mouth quite obhque,
rather small ; maxillary reaching to front margin of eye. Outer row of
teeth on both jaws much stronger than the others. Teeth on vomer and
front portion of palatines. Lower pharyngeals with the rather long pos-
terior spur turned up ; stoutish, the inner angle rounded, somewhat ob-
tuse. Teeth stout, very much blunted, not close set ; the inner consid-
erably stronger and less blunt than the rest. The characters of the
pharyngeals are those ascribed by Professor Jordan to the genus Xys-
troplites. Gill-rakers short, stout, nearly terete, about eight in number,
90
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUMEmi.
the inner surface roughened, scarcely dentate. Branchiostegals six.
Maxillary with a small but j^erfectly distinct supplemental boue. Eye
very small, considerably less than length of snout (perhaps an individ-
ual character). Nostrils in line with pui)il. Preorbital quadrate, mostly
below line of inipil ; preoperculum moderately large, lower angle rounded,
very slightly obtuse. Scales on cheeks moderate, in six to seven rows.
Opercle rather large, triangular, with the posterior angle j^roduced into
a rounded bony tlap, nearly equaling the snout in length. The tlap is
of a shiny black color as in L. cyanellus, surrounded by a very broad
membranous margin, which is white in the alcoholic specimen. Scales on
the opercle large, in tive rows. Suboperculum of nearly the same width
throughout, with a single row of scales. Interoperculum wider than
suboperculum, with abouta rowand a half of scales. Scales continued uj)-
wards a short distance between opercle and preopercle. Spine of the
premaxillary stout and broad ; width at base equal to one-third of inter-
orbital space, moderately long, reaching to posterior nostril. Mucous
channel from eye to suprascai)ular bone extremely narrow, scarcely sep-
arating the scales. Scales moderately large, ctenoid. Dorsal begiu-
' uing over base of pectorals. Dorsal and anal somewhat obliquely oj)-
posed. Spinous portion of dorsal fin low, the longest spine reaching
very little past margin of eye. Spines not very stout, nearly straight ;
all but the first two of nearly the same height. Soft portion of dorsal
much higher than spinous, reaching greatest height at seventh and
eighth rays, behind which it descends abruptly. Both caudal peduncle
and fin short and stout. Soft portion of anal rounded. Insertion of
veutrals behind base of pectorals, not reaching beyond vent. Pectorals
short, only reaching vent. Scales in front of pectorals not much re-
duced, considerably larger than those on cheeks. The description of
the species is taken from a single specimen, IsTo. 4109, in the United
States jSTational Museum, from Fort Gratiot, Michigan, at the foot of
Lake Huron.
Table of Measurements.
Species: Lepomis euryorus.
Current number of specimen ,
Locality
Dimensions.
Extreme leagth.
Body :
Greatest height
Greatest wiclth
Least height of tail
Length of caudal peduncle
Head :
Greatest length without car-flap .
Distance from snout to nape
G reatest width
Width of interorbital area
Lcugtli of snout
Length of ear-flap
Length of maxi llary
4109.
Fort Gratiot, Michigan.
Inches and
lOOths.
fi 64
lOOths of
length.
43
13i
l;i
16
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 91
Tahle of measurements — Contiuiied.
Dimensions.
Head :
Length of mandible
Diameter of orbit
Dorsal (spinous) :
Distance from snout
Length of base
(rreatest height at fifth sijine
Height at first spine
Dorsal (soft) :
Length of base
Height at antecedent spine
Height at longest ray (the seventh)
Anal :
Distance from snout
Length of base
Height at first spine
Height at third spine
Height at longest ray (the fifth)
Caudal :
Length of external rays ,
Pectoral:
Distance from snout
Length
Ventral:
Distance from snout ,
Length ,
Branchiostegals
Dorsal
Anal
Number of scales in lateral line
Number of transverse rows above lateral line
Number of transverse rows below lateral lino
Inches and
lOOths.
X, 11
III, 10
14-13
lOOths of
length.
12|
e
36
26
9i
31
17|
17
57
20
4i
10"
14*
31
20 i
3P*
17'
6
"Perca ffibbosa. P.
15. Y. G. A. 13. C. 17.
. Be GecrP (p. 283.)
28. Lepomis gibbosus (L.) McKay.
In the little-known eleventli or Halle edition of the Systema aSTaturie
of LiuniTeus, occnr the following descriptions :
" Labrus anritns. L. canda bifida, opercu-
lis branchiarum pinnifor-
luibns. D. ^a. p.
Habitat in Philadelphia. Mus
pinnis dorsalibus iini-
tis, Cauda bifida, abdo-
m i n e luteo, operculio
striatis, apice nigro fal-
voque.
Catesh. car. 2. p. 8. t. 8.
f. 3. Perca fluviatilis gib-
bosa, ventre Inteo.
Habitat in America." (p. 293.)
The description of Perca gihhosa refers of course to Eiipomotis auren.,
of authors, and the specific name of gibbosus must supersede aureus
Walbaum 1792. In his twelfth edition Linnaius suppressed his Perca
gihbosa, and referred Catesby's figure of Perca flnviatiUs gibbosa with
doubt, to the Labrus auritus. The description in the twelfth edition, as
Professor Gill has shown, can refer only to L. auritus. The specific
92 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
name, gihhosuSj therefore, should be applied to Eupomotis aureus of au-
thors, and auritus to the northern form of the other species.
29. Lepomis holbrooki (C. & V.) McKay = Pomotis speciosus Holbr.
30. Lepomis notatus (Ag.) McKay = Eupomotis jyallidiis Gill »S: Jordan.
Professor Jordan has received from the Museum of Comparative
Zoology some of Agassiz's types of Pomotis notaUis, which species proves
on examination to be identical with Eu])omoUs pallidus, Gill «& Jordan.,
8. Genus Mesogonistius Gill.
31. Mesogonistius chaBtodon (Baiivl) Gill.
9. Genus Enneacanthus Gill.
This genus, as understood by me, includes Hemiopliies and Copelandla.
The g^nus Hemioplites was based by Cope on the presence of eight
spines in the dorsal fin and four in the anal, I learn from Professor
Jordan's notes that Cope's original type of Hemioplites simulans has
really nine spines in the dorsal. Dr. Edward J. Nolan, who has recently
examined the specimen, also informs me that there are nine spines in
the dorsal. In a collectiou of young specimens of Enneacanthus marga-
rotis from Virginia, which I have examined in the National Museum,
there were several specimens with the fin formula D. 9, A. 4, several
with the formula D. 10, A. 4, and the remainder with the formula D. 9,
A. 3. That is, some of these specimens, all collected at the same time,
and evidently of the same species, were Enneacanthus margarotis, others
were Hemioplites simulans, and the remainder would represent a second
species of Copelandia.
In 120 specimens of Enneacanthus margarotis examined by me, the re-
sults were as follows : '
13 specimens with D. 8, A. 3.
89 specimens with D. 9, A. 3.
9 specimens with D. 10, A. 3.
5 specimens with D. 10, A. 4.
4 specimens with D. 9, A. 4.
In the examination of 53 specimens of Enneacanthus ohesus the follow-
ing results were obtained :
4 specimens with D. 8, A. 3.
46 sx^ecimens with D. 9, A. 3.
2 specimens with D. 10, A. 3.
1 specimen with D. 10, A. 4.
In view of these facts, I include Hemioplites and Copelandia under
Enneacanthus.
32. Enneacanthus simulans (Cope) McKay = Enneacanthus margarotis Gill & Jor.;
HanloplUcs simulans Cope; Enneacanthus pinniger Gill & Jor.
Having examined the types of Enneacanthus pinniger^ and compared
them with large-finned males of Enneacanthus margarotis, I am unable
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 93
to fiud specific differences. They are probably sijecimens which have de-
veloped iiuder more favorable circumstances than are usually accorded
to the species.
33. Enneacanthus obesus (Grd.) Gill.
34. Enneacanthus gloriosus* (Holbr.) Jor.
35. Enneacanthus eriarchus (Jor. ) Mc'lvay,
10. Genus Micropterus Lacepede.
36. Micropterus sahnoides (Lac.) Hensliall iu "Book of tlio Black Bass" (advance
sheats) =^ 2Iicro2)teri(s paUidus Gill & Jor.
37. Micropterus dolomieu Lacdpede = lficrq/>/er«s salmoidcs Gill.
Indiana University,
Bloomington, Inch, March 10, 1881.
A REVIEW OF THE GENUS CENTIIBUS, SWAINSON.
By ROBERT RIOGWAY.
INTRODUCTION.
The collection of the United States National Museum contains ex-
amples of all the known species of the genus Centums, excepting C. hypo-
polius (Wagl.), C. ruhriventris Swains., and C. terricolor Berlepsch, the
two latter being of some what doubtful status. More or less confusion
has hitherto existed regarding the nomenclature of several of the Mid-
dle American forms, and it was the desire to clear away as much of this
confusion as possible that prompted the investigations upon which this
review is based, and which have led to the discovery of relationships
which were before quite unsuspected, at least by the writer.
Of the fourteen forms treated of in this paper as sufficiently distinct
for definition, not more than six, or less than one-half, can be said to
be perfectly isolated, or to possess the requirements of perfectly distinct
species ; at least the abundant material which has been examined in this
connection i)roves beyond question the intergradation of four so-called
species, while it suggests more or less strongly the probability or possi-
bility of such relationship with regard to five of the remaining ten.
Those which appear to be unquestionably distinct are the three West
Indian species, C. radiolatus (Wagl.), C. svperciliaris (Temm.), and C.
siriatus (MiilL), and three continental species, G. uropygialis, Baird, C.
hypopolius (Wagl.), and G. elegans (Swains.). Those which certainly in-
tergrade, and are therefore to be united under one specific designation,
are G. aurifrons (Wagl.), G. santacruzi Bp., G. dubius (Cabot), and G. lioff-
manni, Caban., all of which are, however, strongly characterized geo-
graphical races or sub species. The five forms of doubtful relationship
are (1) G. carolinus (Linn.), which may possibly grade into G. ruhriventris,
but which is probably distinct; (2) G. ruhriventris (Sw.), with which I
94 PROCEEDINGS OF UXITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
am not autoptically acquainted, but wliich appears to be a northern
form of G. tricolor^ or, ijossibly, a local race of C. aurifrons duhius ; (3)
C. tricolor (Wagl.), which in some specimens so closely approaches C.
aurifrons lioffmanni that it is often difficult to decide to which a given
specimen should be referred; and (4) C. terricolor, Berlepsch, which is
possibly a local race of C. tricolor. In the following synopsis, I have
subordinated as sub-species only those forms which are known with
certainty to intergrade, all of which belong to C. aurifrons. Those of
doubtful relationship are treated as species, since it seems best to ac-
cord them that rauk until it can be proven they are not entitled to it.
Two more or less apocryphal species referred by Malherbe {Monographie
des Picidees, ii, 18G2) to this genus, Picus gerini, Temm. and P. aiiroca-
pillus, Vig., are not included in the synoptical table, but a transcription
of Malherbe's account of these supposed species is given at the end of
this paper.
LITERATURE.
The genus Centurus has received special attention, so far as I have
been able to discover, from but three authorities, viz, Malherbe, Ca-
banis, and Sundevall, whose arrangements of the species, with the equiv-
alent names of the present synopsis, are given below in chronological
order. Also, as showing the latest arrangement, the names adopted in
Sclater and Salvin's Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium.
(1.) MALHERBE (1862).
MonograpWe des Picidees, etc., etc., par Alf. Malherbe. 4 vols, folio. Metz : 1861-2.
[The genus "Zebrapicus" { = Centurus) ia treated in yoI. ii (text), pp. 223-250,
and vol. iv (plates), pU. — . ]
1. Zebrapicus superciliaris, p. 223, pi. 102, figs. 1, 2, and 4. = C. super ciliar is.
2. " elegans, p. 225, pi. 102, figs. 5, 6. = C. eJegans.
3. " jjMcfteraw)', p. 227, pi. 103, figs. 1,2. {^ Melanerpes pucherani.)
4. " hypopolius, p. 228, pi. 103, figs. 4, 5. == C. hypopolius.
5. " jfenntj, p. 231. (^ Melanerpes pucherani?)
5. " striatus, p. 231, pi. 107, figs. 2, 3. = C. striatus.
6. " cm-oUnus, p. 234, pi. 103, figs. 7, 8. ^= C. caroUnus.
7. ^' radiolattis, p. 237, pi. 104, figs. 5, 6. = C. radiolatus.
8. " aurifrons, p. 240, pi. 104, figs. 1, 2, 3. = C. aurifrons.
9. " santa-cruzi, p. 241, pi. 105, figs. 4, 5. = C. aurifrons santa-cruzi.
10. " erytkrophthalmus, p. 243, pi. 10.5, figs. 1,2. = C. aurifrons dubius.
11. " kaupii, p. 245, pi. 106, figs. 4, 5. = C. uropygiaUs.
12. " tricolor, p. 247, pi. 106, figs. 1, 2. = C. tricolor.
13. " ruhriventris, ji. 248, pi. 107, fig. 1. = C. ruiriventris.
14. " aurocapillus, p. 250. (Unidentified.)
(2.) CABAXIS (1862).
Ubersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vogel von Costa Rica. <[ Jour, fiir
Orn. Heft v, x. Jahrgang, September, 1862, pp. 321-336. [A synopsis of the species
of Centurus, with synonymy and critical remarks, is given on pp. 322-330.]
1. C. aurifrons, p. 323. = C. aurifrons, as restricted.
2. C. caroUnus, p. 324. = C. carolinus.
3. C. aJbifrons, p. 324. = C. aurifrons sanfacruzi and C. aurifrons
duMus.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 95
4. C. jwlijgraninuifi, ii. sp. p. 32G. = C. aurifrons mntocri(zi (the soutli Mex-
ican form tending toward hoffmanni).
5. C. Hoffmannli, w. sp. pp. G-22, 327. = C. aurifrons hoffmanni.
6. C. elegans, p. 327. = C. elegans.
7. C. tricolor, p. 327. = C. tricolor ami C. ruhrivcntris
8. C. Puchcrani, p. 328. (=^ Melanerj^cs puchcrani.)
9. C. Itiipopolius, p. 329. = C. Iwjpopolius.
10. C. uropiigiaJis, p. 330, = C. uropygialis.
(3.) SUXDEVALL (1866).
Conspectus Avium Picinarum, edidit Carolus J. Sundev.ill, Custos Musei Zool, Stock-
holmiensis. Stockholmine : 1366. 1 vol. 8vo. pp. i-xiv. 1-116. [The species ot
Centurus are referred to the genus Picus, under which they are ranged as a " Tribus
15. Pici albofasciati," on pages 52-56.]
150. Picus striatus Gm. (p. 52). = C. siriatus.
151. " radiolatus Wagl. (p. 52). := C. radiolatus.
152. " albifrons Swains, (p. 52). = C. aurifrons dubius.
153. " aurifrons Licht. (p. 53). =: C. aurifrons (as restricted).
154. " pohjgrammus Cabanis (p. 53). = C. aurifrons santacruzi.
1.55. " caroZinM« L. (p. 53). ^ C. carolinus.
156. " nropygialis Baird {\). 54). = C. uropygialis.
157. " hoffmanni Cabanis (p. 54). = C. aurifrons hoffmanni.
158. " /rico/or Wagl. (p. 54). = C. tricolor.
159. " hypopolius Wagl. (i). 55). = C. hypopolius.
160. " elegans Swains, (p. 55). = C. elegans.
161. " superciliaris Temm. (p. 55). = C. superciliaris.
162. " ^ermi Temm. (p. 55). {^= Melantrpes pucherani.)
(4.) SCLATER & SALYIN (1873).
Nomeuclator Avium Neotropicalium, etc., etc. auctoribus Philippo Lutley Sclater,
A. M., Phil. Doct., etc., etc. et Osberto Salvin, A. M., etc. Loudoui : Sumptibus
Auctorum. 1873.
1. striatus (Bodd.) ex ins. Hayti. = C. striatus.
2. radiolatus (Wagl.) ex ins. Jamaica. = C. radiolatus.
3. a?6i/Vo«s (Sw.) ex Mex. et Guatemala. =^ C. aurifrons santacruzi and C. aurifrons
dubius.
4. aurifrons (Wagl.) ex Mex. bor. = C. aurifrons (as restricted).
5. tricolor (Wagl.) ex Columb. Venezuela
et Yeragua. = C. tricolor. ^
6. hoffmanni, Cab. ex Costarica. = C. aurifrons hoffmanni.
7. hypopolius (Wagl.) ex Mexico. = C. hypopolius.
8. eZe^ans (Sw.) ex Mexico. = C. elegans.
9. superciliaris (Temm.) ex ins. Cuba. = C. sujyerciliaris.
10. puchcrani (Malh.) ex Mex. Am. centr. (s
et J]2quat. occ. {^ Melanerpes puchcrani.) "
Genus Centurus, Swainsou.
Centurus, Swains. Chissif. B. ii, 1837, 310 (type, Picus carolinus, Linn.). — Baird, B. N.
Am., 1858, 108.— B. B. & R., Hist. N. Am. B. ii, 1874, 553.— CoUES, Key, 1872,
196.
Zebrapicus, Malherbe, Mem. Ac. Metz, 1849, 360; Nouv. Class. Pic, 1850, ; Mon.
Pic. ii, 1862, 223 (type, Picus carolinus Linn.).
Ch. — Bill about as loug as the liead, or a little longer, the length from
the tip to the nostril about equal to the tarsus, or a little greater ; de-
cidedly compressed anteriorly, but depressed at the extreme base ; the
96
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
lateral groove distinct for lialf the lengtli of the bill; culmeu decidedly
but gently curved from the base ; gonys nearly straight, and about half
as long as the culmen. Kostrils broad, elliptical, situated about mid-
way between the culmen and tomium, and only partly concealed by the
frontal tufts. Anterior outer toe a little longer than the posterior, the
inner anterior toe decidedly shorter, and the inner hind toe only about
half its length. Wings long and broad, third to fifth primaries longest,
the first equal to the sixth to the ninth. Tail about two-thirds as long
as the wing, graduated, the feathers (except the outer) rather abruptly
attenuated at ends. Colors, banded with black and white, or yellow,
above, with more or less of the pileum scarlet in the male; below i^lain,
the abdomen tinged with red, orange, or yellow in most species.
The so-called genus Centurus is scarcely more than an artificial division
of 21eJanerpes, distinguished from the typical section of that genus chiefly,
if not only, by a different system of coloration, which characterizes most
of the species. Even in this respect, however, the iutergradation of
the two sections is so complete that certain species (notably Zehrapicus
pucherani of Malherbe) may, with almost equal propriety, be referred to
either groui). The species referred to has usually been included in Cen-
turus; but after careful consideration of the question, I bave concluded
to place it in Melanerpes, as being more closely related to certain species
of that group than to any of the species of Centurus as here restricted.
Its nearest allies are undoubtedly the Melanerpes chrysaucJien of Salvin,
which it resembles very closely, and ^^Picus^^ [ = Melanerpes) flavifrons
of Vieillot, and it may well be placed with them, while if allowed to re-
main in Centurus its i)ositiou would be that of an isolated or aberrant
species.
Following is a list of the forms recognized in this review, with the
number of specimens of each which have been examined in connection
with the preparation of this paper :
o
fi
m
c
a
,a
>i
a;
00
fe=
6=
1
p.
Species.
1^
>
Is
«2
6
■g
cS
0)
O
w
X
(C
W
"ffl
s
S
f-
3
;;
■^
(=>
^
3
a
3
a
H
1.
41
7
7
ii'
1
5<J
o
7
6
21
3(?).
4(2).
5.
20
17
2
6
3
6
5. a
" santacruzi
29
5.6
4
1
5
27
2
2
2
2
4
3
1
8
5.C
1
8
6.
10
7.
" uropygialis
4
32
8.
2
2
9
10
2
4
16
10.
8
2
3
13
11.
2
1
1
■
4
1
227
1
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 97
SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF CEXTURUS. *
A. — No red on the rump.
a. V/itliout black about the head.
{Eiimp and upper tail-coverts white, immaculate, or only slightly varied with Macl:)
1. C. CAROLiNUS. ^ : Entire pileum and nape scarlet, paler on the forehead ; ab-
domen tinged with jiinkish red ; inner nebs of middle tail-feathers varied
with white. 9 '■ Similar, but crown ash-gray, the red of the head confined
to the forehead, occiput, and nape. Wing, 5.00-5.50; culmen, 1.00-1.20.
Hal). — Eastern United States.
2. C. TRICOLOR. ^ : Crown, occiput, and nape, deep scarlet, sometimes inter
rupted across the occiput; forehead dingy yellowish white, abdomen deep
scarlet; both webs of middle tail-feathers broadly barred or transversely
spotted with white ; upper tail-coverts immaculate white, or scantily barred,
lower with dusky V-shai)ed markings. 9 : Pileum lig!itdrab, growing whitish
anteriorly; otherwise like the ^. Wing, 4.05-4.55; culmen, 0.75-1.10.
Hal). — Trinidad and Venezuela to Veragua.
[3.? C. RUBRiVENTRis. $ : Similar to tricolor, but frontlet, cheeks, and chin bright
yellow, separated from the scarlet of the crown by a white frontal band ;
white bars of back, etc., very much naiTower than in tricolor; middle tail-
feathers without white markings, except toward base of outer webs. Wing,
4.75; culmen, 0.80. Hub. — Yucatan.
[4. ? C. TERRICOLOR. Similar totricolor, butlarger, the bill longer and broader ; the
lower i^arts darker olive-brown, the abdomen darker red, and the upper and
lower tail-coverts regularly barred with black. Hab. — "Orinoco district or
Trinidad."]
5. C. AURiFRONS. (? : Crown deep scarlet ; nape scarlet, orange, or yellow, coalesced
with the scarlet of the crown or separated from it by an occipital band of
' grayish or olivaceous ; frontlet yellow, orange, or red, separated from the red
of the crown by a whitish frontal band; abdomen tinged with yellow, orange,
or red ; markings of the tail-feathers and coverts exceedingly variable. 9 :
Differing in the color of the crown, which is entirely grayish, instead of red.
Size exceedingly variable. Hab. — Middle America.
a. aurifrons. Red crown-patch usually isolated ; frontlet and abdomen usually
yolk-yellow; breast, etc., pale dingy ash, or dull grayish white ; tibise and
crissum with broad V-^haped marks of black ; inner webs of middle tail-feathers
usually solid black ; white bars of upper parts broad, nearly or quite as wide
as the black ones. W'ing, 5.20-5.65 ; culmen, 1.20-1.40. Hab. — Table-lands
of Mexico, north to Southern Texas.
y3. santacruzi. Red crown-patch usually confluent with the orange-red of the
nape ; frontlet and abdomen satfron-orange ; breast, etc., olive-drab, or deep
smoky gray ; tibiaj and crissum thickly barred with blackish on a dingy yellow-
ish ground ; inner webs of middle tail-feathers usually marked, more or less,
with white; white bars of upper parts much narrower than the black ones.
Wing, 5.00-5.75; culmen, .95-1.25. ^at.— Southern Mexico, Honduras, and
Guatemala.
y, dubius. Crown, occiput, and nape intense scarlet, without any shade of
orange ; frontlet scarlet, separated from the red of the crown by a band of
nearly pure white ; abdomen, intense scarlet or almost carmine-red ; inner webs
of middle tail-feathers usually sohd black ; white bars of upper parts very
much narrower than the black ones ; tibiaj and crissum densely barred with
blackish. Wing, 4.95-5.40; culmen, 1.00-1.30. Hab.— Yucatan.
d. hoffmanni. Red of crown usually isolated, as in aurifrons; frontlet, pale dull
yellowish ; lower parts dark colored, with the abdomen safiron yeUow as iu
santacruzi; flanks, etc., coarsely barred, as in aurifrons, and white bars of up-
per parts broad, as in that race ; inner webs ofmiddle tail-feathers edged with
Proc. Kat. Mus. 81 7 June 3, 1881.
98 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
■ white aud deeply indented witli broad spots of the same, the outer wehs with
a, longitudinal stripe of white. Wing, 4. GO-4. 75; culmen, .90-1.05. Jlab. —
Costa ELca.
{Rump and iipijcr taiJ-covcrls blade, narrowly barred with whiie.)
6. C. RADIOLATUS. ^ i Pileum and nape bright scarlet-crimson ; remainder of the
head, including a frontal band, soiled white (sometimes pure white on the
forehead), changing quite abruptly on the jugulum, breast, etc. ; abdomen,
deeply tinged with satfron-red, upper parts black with narrow thread-like
bars of white; crissum, etc., black, narrowly barred with white. 9: Similar,
but crown and occiput smoky gray, lighter anteriorly. Wing, 5.00-5.40 ; cul-
men, 1.30-1.45. Hab. — Jamaica.
{Rump and upper fail-coverts tcldfe, regularly barred with blaclc.)
7. 0. UROPYGiALis. Head, neck, and lower parts rather light smoky drab, usually
deepest on the nape ; paler on the forehead, and tinged with yellow on the
abdomen ; upper parts, including rump and upper tail-coverts, broadly barred
with black and white ; inner webs of middle tail-feathers white, broadly
barred with black. <? : Crown with a central patch of scarlet-crimson. 9 •'
Without any red on the crown. Wing, 5.00-5.30; culmen, .95-1.25. Hab. —
Northwestern Mexico and contiguous portions of Southwestern United States.
b. With black markings about the head.
8. C. HYPOPOLius. ^ : Head, neck, and lower parts deep smoky gray, or purj)lish
drab, darkest on head above and nape, lightest on forehead, chin, and throat ;
orbits surrounded by a blue-black circlet, interrupted posteriorly by white
on the upper eyelid ; centre of crown with a patch of crimson, and lower part
of auriculars touched with the same ; upper parts broadly barred with glossy
black and brownish white ; inner webs of middle tail-feathers varied with
white. 9 : Similar, but lacking the red of the crown. Wing, 4.90-5.00; cul-
men, .85-.90. Hab. — Table-lands of Southern Mexico.
9. C. ELEGANS. $ : Crown and occiput rich crimson-scarlet, nape bright orange
or yellow ; orbits surrounded by black, broader above and behind the eye ;
rest of head smoky grayish, tinged more or less anteriorly with golden yel-
low ; abdomen tinged with golden yellow ; upper parts broadly barred with
black and white; bothwebsof middle tail-feathers broadly barred with white.
9 : Similar, but crown and occiput ash-gray, the latter sometimes sulfused
with black. Wing, 4.50-4.90; eulmen, .95-1.10. Hab. — Western Mexico.
10. C. SUPERCiLiAEis. <? : Pilcum and nape bright crimson-scarlet, with a large
longitudinal patch of black on each side of the crown, extending from the
anterior angle of the eye to the occiput ; rest of head, including band across
forehead, dull whitish, changing gradually to buft'y drab on breast, etc. ;
middle of abdomen bright red ; upiier parts broadly barred with black and
white, the back tinged with buff-yellow ; inner webs of middle tail-feathers
white, with broad bars of black, the outer webs with a longitudinal stripe of
white, 9 : Similar, but whole forehead and anterior part of crown white,
the posterior portion of the crown, and the occiput, black, this confluent with
the black suiierciliary patches. Wing, 5.40-6.00; culmen, 1.30-1.65. Hab. —
Cuba.
B. Rump bright blood-red, or crimson-scarlet. ]
11. C. STRIATUS. ^ : Pileum, nape, lower rumj), and upper tail-coverts bright
scarlet-crimsou ; lower i)osterior side of neck with longitudinal stripes of
black and dingy white; remainder of head and neck smoky-gray, gradually
changing to deep smoke-brown on breast, etc. ; abdomen, crissum, etc., light
yellowish olive-green, without markings; upf)er parts (back, etc.), broadly
barred with black and bright yellowish olive-green; middle tail-feathers solid
black. Wing, 4.30-5.'20 ; culmen, 1.00-1.30. £^a6.—IIayti and St. Domingo,
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 99
1. CENTUKUS CAEOLINUS.
£peichc on Pic raye de la Louisiane, Buff. Ois. vii, 73.
Pic raye, de la Louisiane, Buff. Pi. Enl. 692 ( 9 ad.) — Vieill. N. D. xxvi, 90.
Picas ventre ruiro, Catescy, Car. i, 19, pi. 19, f. 2.
PicHS caroliyuis, LixN. S. N. ed. 10, i, 1758, 113 (based on Catesby, 1. c.) ; ed. 12, i, 1776,
174.— AViLS. Am. Oru. i, 1808, 115, pi. 7, fig. 2.— Nutt. Man. i, 1832, 572.— AuD.
Om. Bicg.v, 1839, 169, pi. 415; Synop. 1839,163; B. Am. iv, 1842, 270, pi. 270.
SuxDEY. Consp. Pic. 1866, 53.
Centurus carolinensis, Swains. Clo,ssif. B. ii, 1837.
Ceniurus carolinus, Bonap. Comp. List, 1833, 40; Consp. i, 1850, 119.— Baird, B. N.
Am. 1858, 109; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, no. 91.— Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 469 (S-
Texas ; common resident). — Allen, Pr. Essex Inst, iv, 1864, 53 (Massachn.
setts ; accidental) ; Bull. M. C. Z. ii, 1871, 306 (Florida) ; iii, 1872, 180 (Kan-
sas).— COUES, Key, 1672, 196; Check List, 1873, no. 306; B. N.-W. 1874, 289.—
EiDGW. Bull. Essex Inst. Nov. 1873, 185 (Colorado) ; Field & Forest, June.
1877, 209 (Boulder Co. Colorado); Cat. N. A. B. 1880, no. 372 ; Nom. N. A. B,
1881, no. 372.— B. B. & E. Hist. N. Am. B. ii, 1874, £54, pi. 52, figs. 1, 4.—
Nels. Bull. Essex Inst, viii, 1876, 116, 153 ( n. e. Illinois : rare sum. res.
leaving last of Oct.: comm. in migr.). — Merrl\m, Trans. Conn. Acad, iv,
1877, 65 (accid. in Connecticut). — Brewst. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, Oct.
1877, ]08 (do.).— Mearns, ib. July, 1878, 146 (Cornwall, N. Y. Sept. 1870).
Zelrapicus carolinus, Malh. M^m. Ac. Metz, 1849, 361; Mon. Pic. ii, 1862, 234; iv,
1862, pi. ciii, figs. 7 {^ ad.) 8 ( 9 ad.).
Melanerpes {Centurus) carolinus, Eidgw. Ann. Lye. N. Y. Jan. 1874, 378 (Illinois).
Picus zebar, Bodd. Tabl. P. E. 1783 (ex PI. Enl. 602).
Picus griseus, Vieill. O. A. S. ii, 1807, pi. 116 (<? ad.).
Picus erythrauchen, Wagl. Syst. Av. 1827, no. 38 ; Isis, 1829, 513.
Le Pic Carolin, Valenc. Diet. Sc. Nat. xi, — , 181.
Le Pic (jris, Vieill. 1. c.
Pic gris raye', Vieill. N. D. xxvi, 77.
Pic raye gais, Vieill. " Diet. pitt. List. nat. p. 627."
Ped-hellied JVoodpeclcr, Catesby, Car. i, 1731, 19, et auct.
Carolina Woodpecker, Lath. Synop. i, 1781, 570.
Le Picze Ire de la Caroline, j ^^^^^ j_ ^
Piczcbre Carolin, )
Hah. — Eastern United States, west to the eastern slope of Eocky
Mountains, south to Florida and Texas. Eare in northern States, and
apparently wanting in the valley of the Eio Grande. Most numerous
in the Mississippi Valley and Gulf States.
Adult $ : Entire pileum and nape bright scarlet, deepest on the crown,
the forehead lighter, or more pinkish (sometimes approaching reddish
white) ; rest of the head and neck, with lower parts, pale buff-grayish,
lighter on the chin and throat; middle of the abdomen pinkish red, the
remainder of the lower parts sometimes tinged with the same, especially
on the breast and cheeks ; tibi?e and crissum white, relieved by rather
sparse hastate marks of black. Back scapulars and upper part of rump
broadly and distinctly barred with black and white, the two colors in
about equal proportion, or the black bars rather the wider; wings black,
the coverts and secondaries barred with pure white ; primaries tipped
with white, narrowly margined with the same beyond their emargina-
100 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
tions, and blotched with white near the base; upper tail-coverts and
lower part of rump white, relieved by rather sparse irregularly hastate
spots or bars of black, the coverts sometimes nearly immaculate. Tail
black ; the inner webs of the intermedkc chiefly white, crossed with a
greater or less number of broad black bars, or transverse ppots, the
outer webs with a longitudinal stripe of white on the basal half; outer
rectrices broadly barred at the ends with dull white, and with spots of
the same indenting the outer web ; next pair of feathers tipped with
yellowish white. Adult 9 : Similar to the <?, but red of the crown re-
placed by deep ash-gray, lighter anteriorly; lower parts tinged with
red only on the abdomen, and cheeks with little if any red tinge. Young
9 : Whole pileum dull brownish gray, transversely mottled with darker ;
nape dull light falvous-red ; back and scapulars barred with grayish
white and grayish dusky, much less sharply than in the adult ; abdo-
men tinged with dull buff, but without red. Adult: Total length (fresh
specimens), 9-lOJ inches; extent, 15f-17i; wing (skins), 4.85-5.40; tail,
3.50-3.90; culmen, 1.00-1.20; tarsus, .80-.90. Bill (in life), slate-black,
the basal portion of gonys sometimes mixed with light ashy ; iris vary-
ing from ferruginous to bright scarlet ; naked orbital spaces olivaceous-
ashy; legs and feet olivaceous. In the young, iris brown.
Among adult males of this species, the principal variation is in the-
amount of red tinge on the lower parts. In most examples from the
Atlantic States and in many from the Mississippi Valley, the reddish is
entirely confined to the middle of the abdomen, Avhile on the head there
is a mere tinge of it on the lores and cheeks. Many western specimens,
however, have the breast more or less strongly tinged with purplish
pink, while two now before me (No. 34317, Kansas City, Mo., May 14,
1864, E. Cones, and one, in my own collection, from Mount Carmel, 111.
May 28, 1878), have not only the lores and cheeks, but the whole
chin and upper throat also, bright salmon-color, or saffron-pink. In
these highly- colored specimens the forehead is a bright saflfron-red,
while the Kansas City specimen above alluded to has the red on the
abdomen \Qvy intense, approaching a saffron-scarlet. Floridan speci-
mens are shghtly smaller than northern ones, have the Avhite bars of the
dorsal region narrower, but are on the average less richly colored than
examples from the Mississippi Valley, only one of five adult males ap-
l^roaching those described above in the depth and extent of the red
tinge to the lower parts, throat, etc. The under surface is usually more
dingy than in northern examples, while the forehead appears to be
lighter red, more abruptly contrasted with the intense crimson-scarlet
of the crown. Of six adult females from South Florida, two (ISTos. 395,
coll. H. W. Henshaw, Cedar Keys, December 0, 1871, and 4924, Amelia
Island, G. Wiirdemann), have the occiput slightly mottled with black.
Two examples from Southern Illinois, in my own collection (obtained
October 15, 1873, and October 7, 1879), agree in this respect, however,
with these Florida examples. They likewise have the black bars of the
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 101
dorsal region equally wide, but tbey are decidedly larger birds. A male
from Waller County, Texas (No. 70963, Kumlieu and Earll), agrees in
every resp*;t with Illinois examples. An adult female from Southern
Illinois (Mount Carmel, October 18, 1879), has the occiput red, like the
nape, while there are several red feathers in the middle of the crown.
2. CENTUBUS TEICOLOR.
Pkus tricolor, Wagleu, Isis, 1829, 512 ( $ ad. ; "Mexico").
Centurus tricolor, Light. Nomencl. 1854, 76.— Scl. Cat. 1862, 343, no. 2049 (Bo-
gota; Venezuela).— Taylok, Ibis, 1864, 93 (Venezuela). — SCL. & Salv. P.
Z. S. 1864, 307 (Isth. Panama) ; Nom. Neotr. 1873, 100 (Venezuela, Colombia,
Veragua).— Salvix, P. Z. S. 1867, 157 (Veragua) ; 1863, 169 (Venezuela).—
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 381 (Sta. Marta, Colombia).
Zchrapicm tricolor, Malii. Mou. Pic. ii, 1862, 247 ; iv, pi. cvi, figs. 1, 2 ( <? and $
ad.).
Centurus caroUnus var. tricolor, B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. ii, 1874, 554.
*' Centurus suhelef/ans" Reich. Handb. 1851, 411, pi. dclxv, figs. 4415-16 (nee Bonap,
1837).— Scl. p. Z. S. 1855, 162 ; 1856, 143.
" Centurus rubriventris", Laavr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii, 1861, 299 (Panama; nee Swains.
1838).
Le Fiozebre tricolore, ? j^j^^h I c
Piczebre tricolor, '
Adult i : Forehead dull smoky whitish, more or less tinged with yel-
low anteriorly (on the frontal feathers) ; crown, occiput, and nape, bright
crimson- scarlet, lighter posteriorly, occasionally interrupted by a band
of smoky gray or light drab across the occiput ; remainder of head and
neck, with lower parts, smoky drab, the head lighter anteriorly ; middle
of the abdomen bright scarlet ; tibite and crissum marked with broad
V-shaped bars of black. Back and scapulars broadly barred with black
and white, the bars of the latter narrower than the black ones ; wings
black, the coverts and secondaries broadly barred with white ; prima-
ries border^d terminally with white, and blotched with the same near
the base. Upper tail-coverts and most of the rump white, often im-
maculate, sometimes irregularly and scantily barred with dusky. Tail
black, both webs of the intermeduc broadly barred or transversely spot-
ted with white ; lateral rectrices hoary smoky drab on the under sur-
face, the terminal portion with several more or less complete whitish
bars. Adult 9: Similar to the <?, but red of the pileum replaced by
light drab, growing gradually paler anteriorly. Bill blackish; feet
dusky (olivaceous in life"?). Young 9: Similar to the adult, but all the
markings less sharply defined, and the colors duller. Young 9 : More
dully colored than the adult, the nape dull orange-fulvous, instead of
scarlet, the bars of the back, etc., more indistinct, and tinged with light
brownish. Wing, 4.05-4.55; tail, 2.50-2.70; culmen, .75-1.10; tarsus,
.75-.80.
In general appearance this species is quit« a miniature of C. caroUnus,
but it is probably distinct specifically. Close inspection reveals many
points of difference besides the very much smaller size. The frontlet is
102 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
yellow instead of pinkish red, and the deep red of the crown is very
abruptly defined anteriorly against the whitish of the forehead, instead
of blending- into the color of the frontlet, there being no trace ©f a whitish
frontal band in C. carolimis ; the abdomen in C. tricolor is bright scarlet,
instead of light pinkish red. In C. carolimis the tibias and lower tail-
coverts have a few longitudinal, irregularly sagittate marks of dusky,
whereas these parts in tricolor are heavily banded with transverse,
somewhat V-shaped bars. In carolimis only the inner webs of the middle
tail-feathers are barred or spotted with white, while in tricolor both
webs are so marked. C. tricolor is also very much darker colored un-
derneath than C. carolimis. The females of the two species do not re-
semble one another so closely as do the males. In that of G. tricolor
the red of the nape is both more restricted and duller than in that of
C. carolimis, the pileum is of a light smoky drab, instead of pure ash-
gray, and the forehead is dull whitish, tinged with yellow anteriorly,
instead of pinkish red.
These comparisons apply to the most southern examples of C. carolimis
I have been able to examine, viz, a considerable number from Texas
and South Florida.
In this species, as in most others, there is much individual variation.
In a majority of the adult males the red of the nape is continuous with
that of the crown, but in some (as in an example from New Granada, in
the collection of Salvin and Godman), the occiput is completely crossed'
by a Avide baud of light smoky drab, widely separating the orange-red
of the nape from the bright crimson vertical patch. Other examples
show a more or less complete coalescence of the two red areas, in varia-
ble degree, according to the individual. Such examples appear to in-
clude adults as well as young birds, so that age has apparently nothing
to do with the variation in question. In specimens having the crimson
of the crown widely separated from the more flame- colored red of the
nape there is a rather close resemblance to some specimens of C. lioff-
manni, in which, however, the abdomen is yellow instead of bright red,
the outer webs of the middle tail-feathers streaked, instead of barred or
spotted, and the nape decidedly red, instead of orange-yellow.
3 (?). CENTUEUS EUBEIYENTEIS.
Centurus ruhiventris, Swains. Anu. in Menag. 1838, 354 (liab. ignot.). — Gray, Geu. B.
ii, 1849, 442.— Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix, 1869, 206 (YucataD).
Zebrapicus rulrivcntris, Malii. Mon. Pic. ii, 1862, 248; iv, 1862, pi. cvii, fig. 1 ( c^
ad.). (Mexico?)
" Zebrapicus sivainsonii, Malh. 1845, in mns Britan." (Malherbe.)
" Ficus aurifrons ", Bonap. P. Z. S. 1837, 116 (nee Cousp. i, 1850, 119). {Fide Malherbe.)
Fkzebre a ventre sanguin, Malii. 1. c.
Sal). — Yucatan.
This bird, which appears to be a well-defined form, I have not seen,
and therefore copy Swaiuson's original description, and Mr. Lawrence's
remarks in Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1869, pp. 206-7, which, with Malherbe's
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIvjNAL MUSEUM. 103
account, is all that is known regarding it. The specimen in the Smith-
sonian collection allnded to by Mr. Lawrence has nnfortunately been
mislaid, so that I am unable to make a direct comparison.
Swainson's description is as follows: —
" Front of the head, cheeks, and chin golden yellow ; ears, and con-
nected stripes over the eyes, cinereous white; nape, middle of the
crown, and the belly, crimson; rump, pure white.
" Inhabits ? Mus. Nost.
"This most elegant species is the smallest Centurus I have yet seen.
Total length, 7^*^ inches; bill, gape 1; front, j%', wings, 4^^-, nearly as
long as the tail, which from the base is 3; tarsus, /V- Uppei" plumage,
as in the last, banded with black and white; the latter being narrower
than the former; the broad grayish- white band over each eye unites in
front, and there becomes white, so as to separate the golden yellow
round the bill from the crimson of the crown ; the yellow covers all the
face before the eye, and glasses round the chin ; the under plumage is
light cinereous gray, the middle of the body and belly being tinged
with crimson; the tail-feathers are black and unspotted, except the base
of the middle pair and a few spots and obsolete bands on the outer-
most; bill deep black."
With regardf to a specimen from Yucatan, supposed to be the same as
Swainson's bird, Mr. Lawrence (?. c.) writes as follows: —
" A single male specimen agrees closely with Swainson's description ;
its validity, as a species, has been doubted by many writers, and gener-
ally referred to C. tricolor, though admitted to be distinct by Malherbe,
and accurately figured and described in his splendid Mon. of the Picidw.
It seems to be \ery rare, as Malherbe states that besides Swainson's
example he only knows of the male in his own collection. With spec-
imens before me of C. tricolor from Bogota, St. Martha and Panama,
the distinctness of the two species does not admit of a question. As
stated by Malherbe, the bands on the upper plumage of tricolor are
twice the width of those of riihriventris ; in the last species the trans-
verse white lines on the back are similar to those of C. albifrons, Avhilo
in tricolor they are much as in C. aurifrons ; another marked difference
is in the central tail-feathers ; those of tricolor are deeply and broadly
indented with white on both webs, whereas in the example of riihriven-
tris these feathers are black, except for a small space at the base on the
outer web, where it is white, this color extending higher up next the
shaft. In size and general coloring the two species are much alike.
"The acquisition of this specimen is of much interest, as it helps to
set at rest any doubt of its claim as a distinct species, and determines
its locality heretofore unknown, though supposed to be some part of
Mexico."
104 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
4 (?). CENTUEUS TEERICOLOR.
-Centurus ierricohr, Bkklepscii, Ibis, Jan. 1880, 113 (" Orinoco district or Trinidad").
-"Affinis C. iricoJori (ex Bogota), sed major, et rostro lougiore, latiore ; capitis lateribus,
gula et aljdomiue toto obscurfi brunueo-olivaceis ; ventre medio obscur^ rubro
(iiec flavo-mbro) ; tectricibns caudte superioribus inferioribusque nigro regu-
laritur fasciatis, primo viso distinguendus. Long, alie 108, canduo 60, rostri
24, tarsi 19."
Judging from tlie above description, tbis bird closely resembles C.
tricolor, but is much darker colored, and with the upper tail-coverts
much more distinctly and regularly barred than in that form. It is pos-
sibly a local race of C. tricolor.
5. CENTUEUS AUEIFEONb.
Ficus aurifrom, Wagl. Isis, 1829, 129, 512 ( i ad. ; Mexico).— Light. Nomcncl. 1854,
76. — SuNDEV. Consp. Pic. 1866, 53.
CenUinis aurifrons, Gray, Gen. B. ii, 1849, 442.— Bonap. Consp. i, 1850, 119.— Cabax.
J. f. O. 1862, 323.— Cooper Orn. Cal. i, 1870, 399 (Texas).— COUES, Key,
1872, 196, Check List, 1873, no. 307.— B. B. & E., Hist. N. Am. B. ii, 1874,
577, pi. lii, ligs. 3 and 6.— Sennett, Bull. U. S. Gcol. & Geogr. Surv. Terr, iv,
no. 1, 1878, 39 (Hidalgo and Brownsville, Texas; abt.).— Merrill, Pr. U. S.
Nat. Mus. i, 1878, 151 (Ft. Brown, Texas, abt.).— Ridgw. Cat. N. Am. B.
1880, no. 373 : Nom. N. A. B. 1881, no. 373.
Zebrapicus aurifrons, Malh. Mon. Pic. ii, 1862, 240 ; iv, pi. 104, figs. 1-3 ( ^ and 9
ad., S juv.).
Centurus suhelegans, Bonap. P. Z. S. Nov. 14, 1837, 109 ( ^ ad. ; Mexico) ; Consp. 1,
1850, 119 ; Notes Delatr. 1854, 85 ; Consp. Zygod. 1854, no. 220 (excl. syn.).
Centurus flaviventris, Swains. An. in Meuag. 1838, 354 (bab. ignot. ; i ad.).— SCL. P.
Z. S. 1857, 8.— Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 110; ed. 1860, pi. 42; Cat. N. Am. B.
1859, no. 92 ; Mex. Bound. Surv. ii, 1859, 5, pi. 4.— Heerman, Pacific R. R. Rep.
X. c. 1859, 18.— Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 469 (R. Grande, n. c. to Guadalupe R. ;
resid.).
Picus ornatus, Less. Mag. Zool. 1839, 102 ( <? ad.).— Weigm. Arch. fiirNaturg. 1841, 99.
Centurus ornatus, Reich. Handb. 1854, 410, pi. 664, figs. 4409-'10.
" Centurus elegans", Lawr. (nee Sw^ains.) Ann. Lye. N. Y. v. Apr. 28, 1851, 116(Texas).
" Centilrus Santa-Cruzi," Lawr. (nee Bonap.) Ann. Lye. N. Y. v, 1851, 123 (W. Texas).
TeUow-lellied Woodpecker, Baird, 1. c. et Auct.
Golden-fronted Woodpecker, CouES, 1. c.
Le PiczeJ}re a front d^orl-^^^^^^ Y^ ^
Fic-Zebre a Front d^or S
E(ib. — Table-lands of Mexico, north to the Guadalupe Eiver in South-
ern Texas.
Adnlt <?: Frontlet yolk-yellow; nape, bright orange-yellow, varying
to orange-red in some specimens ; occiput (usually) and sides of the
crown ash-gray ; middle of the crown covered by a patch (usually iso-
lated) of bright crimson- scarlet ; rest of the head, including a band across
the forehead, dingy ashy white, or pale dingy ash, as are also the lower
parts back to the flanks and abdomen ; middle of the abdomen more or
less deeply tinged with yolk-yellow ; tibise and crissum grayish white,
marked with irregular broad V-shaped bars of black. Back, scapulars.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 105
•wing-coverts, aud upper part of rump barred, iu about equal propor-
tions, with black and white, the former predominating on the wings ;
secondaries black, broadly barred with white ; primaries black, tipped
with white, and with a somewhat broken but conspicuous patch of the
same near the base, on the outer surface ; upper tail-coverts and lower
part of rump white, usually nearly or quite immaculate. Tail black, the
inner webs of the intermedice usually wholly black, but very rarely (iu only
one among twenty-five specimens) with a slight blotching of white toward
the base, and partially concealed by the coverts ; outer rectrices inclin-
ing to hoary drab on the under surface, the outer webs notched with white
toward the end, and the terminal portion of the inner web with one or
two bars of white ; next feather sometimes tipped with brownish white
or light brown. Adult 9 : Similar to the male, but red crown-patch want-
ing, the whole pileum being ash-gray, lighter anteriorly. Young c? (not
full grown) : Colors much more dingy than iu the adult, and all the
markings less clearly defined. Pileum dull light grayish brown, the
feathers somewhat mottled with dusky, i^assing gradually into light
yellowish fulvous on the nape, the middle of the crown dull red ; back
washed with fulvous ; breast streaked with black. (So. 45044, Laredo,
Tex., July 28, 1866; H. B. Butcher.) Bill slate-black-, feet dusky
(olivaceous in life ?). Wing, 5.20-5.65 ; tail, 3.40-3.75 ; culmen, 1 20-1.40 ;
tarsus, 1.00.
Decidedly the largest specimen among the twenty-five before me is
an adult male from Silao, Mexico (Mme. Verdey), in the collection of
Messrs. Salvin and Godman. In this the red crown-patch is very large,
covering the entire vertex, and anteriorly touching the orange-yellow
frontlet, thus almost obliterating the usual grayish white frontal baud;
the nape is a deep reddish orange, more yellow below. ^No. 46815, from
Laredo, Texas (January 16, 1867 ; H. B. Butcher), also has the red crown-
patch very large, and the nape still more intense flame-color than the
preceding ; the white frontal band is well defined and complete, how-
ever, though posteriorly the red crown very nearly joins the orange-red
of the nape along the middle line. No. 74677, Medina County, Texas,
(April 19, 1878 ; Gr. H. Eagsdale), has the whitish frontal band broader,
aud the red crown much more restricted, though posteriorly it ap-
parently does join the bright orange nape in the middle portion. In
most examples, however, the red on the crown forms a thoroughly iso-
lated patch of variable form (oval, shield-shaped, or squarish, according
to the "make" of the skin), the nape bright orange-yellow, and the
frontal band, of grayish white, broad and complete. In the female the
yellow of the nape is usually much less intense than in the male, in one
example belonging to Messrs. Salvin and Godman's collection (vicinity
of Mexico City, Boucard) being of a dull oily-yellow hue..
An adult male from Texas, in Mr. Lawrence's collection, has the red
of the crown completely confluent with that of the nape, exactly as in
typical santacruzi, except that the gray of the superciliary region en-
106 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
croaclies a very little on the sides of the occiput ; the deep golden yel-
low of the forehead is unusually extended posteriorly, leaving only a
narrow bar of white between, it and the red ; the nape is decidedly more
flame-colored than the crown, and changes quite abruptly below and
along each side into olivaceous golden yellow. The lower parts are as
light as in the most extreme examples of aurifrons, while the flanks and
crissum are entirely destitute of bars, having, instead, longitudinal sag
ittate marks of black. The inner webs of the intermediw are solid black,
5a. CENTUEUS AUEIFEONS SANTA-CEUZI.
Cot funis Santa Cnisi, Bonap. P. Z. S. Nov. 14, 1837, 116 (^ ad.; Mexico); Cousp. i,
18.50, 119; Cousp. Zygod. 1854, no. 221.— ScL. P. Z. S. 1856, 343; 1858, 359;
1859, .367 ( Jalapa) ; 1860, 286, 297 ; 1864, 177 (city of Mexico) ; Catal. 1862,
343, 110. 248 (S. Mexico; Salama, Guatemala).— Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1859, 136
(Guatemala).— OWEX, Ibis, 1861, 67 (Sau Geronimo, Guat. ; descr. eggs).
Zchrapicus santa-cru:i, Malii. Mou. Picid. ii, 18o2, 241; iv. pi. cv, figs. 4 {^ ad.)
5(2 ad.).
ricus Gratelonpensis, Less. Mag. Zool. 1839, 41 ( (^ ad. ; Mexico).
Centurus grateloupensis, Bonap. Cousp. Zygod. 1854, no. 223 (excl. syn.).
"Picus suielegans", Less. Descr. d'Ois. r6c. d^c. 1847, 206 (uec Bonap. 1837).
J'iciis clirysogenys, ViG. Zool. Beechey's voy. 1840, 24.— Weigm. Archiv. 1841, 99.
" Centurus aurifrons'\ Lawr. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 4, 1876, 35 (Cbihuitan, Juclii-
tau, and Sta. Efigeuia, Istli. Teliuantepec ; Nov., Jan.).
" Centurus albifrons ", Caban. .J. f. 0. 1862, 324.— Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, 364 ; Norn.
Neot. 1873, 100. (Probably not ricus albifrons, Swains., wliicb apparently = C.
radiolatus.)
Centurus pohjgrammus, Caban. J, f. 0. Sept. 1862, 326 (St. Bartolo, S. Mexico).
Le Pic He Grateloup, Less. Eev. Zool. 1839, 41.
Le Pic suheUgant, Less. Descr. d'Ois. rec. Mc. 1837, 208.
Le Piczebre de Santa-Cruz, Malh. I. c.
Hal). — Southern Mexico, Ho^iduras, and Guatemala.
Adult $ : Frontlet yellowish, varying from pale yolk-yellow to bright
orange, with a red tinge centrally; entire crown and nape bright red,
darker (deep scarlet-crimson) anteriorly, lighter and brighter on the
nape, the lower part of which is more or less tinged with orange ; the
occiput sometimes ash-gray laterally, thus partly separating the deep
red of the crown from the more orange hue of the nape ; forehead and
anterior part of superciliary region ashy white, forming a distinct and
sharply-defined band across the former ; remainder of the head light
dingy ash (sometimes tinged with dingy yellow anteriorly), deepening
gradually into olive-drab on the jugulum, breast, and sides; abdomen
rather dull orange-yellow, in some specimens inclining to orange-red ;
tibiiP, anal region, and crissum pale fulvous, or dingy yellowish white,
thickly barred with blackish, the bars inclining to V-shape, especially
ton the crissum. Back, scapulars, wings, andail black, narrowly barred,
except on the primaries and tail, with white; upper tail-coverts and
rump immaculate pure white, the shafts of the former brownish or dusky;
primaries narrowly skirted with white beyond their emarginations, more
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 107
broadly tipped with tlie same, and (nsnally) with more or less of whitespot-
tiug- near the base on the outer webs ; inner webs of middle pair of tail-
feathers usually more or less marked with white (very rarely solid black) ;
outer rectrices hoary drab on the under surface, the outer edge indented
with small white spots, or indications of bars, the end portion of the
inner webs usually with one or more white bars (sometimes with none).
Adult 9 : Similar to the i , but entire pileum light ash-gray, becoming-
lighter anteriorly; nape varying from bright safiron-yellow to scarlet,
with scarcely a tinge of orange. Young i : Similar to the adult, but all
the markings much less distinct, and the colors duller. Bill black; iris
bright red; feet olive-greenish. (MS. notes on labels.) Wing, 5.00-5.75;
tail, 3.10-1.00; culmen, .95-1.25; tarsus, .90-1.00.
Whether the present form is to be regarded as a distinct species or
not, there can be no question that it grades directly into three other forms,
viz, C. aurifrons, C. dubius, and C. lioffmanni. In its typical condition, how-
ever, it is a very strongly characterized race. Among- the large series
of specimens now before me, many striking- variations from the normal
type are observable; some of them tending to one or the other of the
above-named races, others quite unique in their characteristic features. In
most of the adult males, the red of the nape is entirely continuous with
that of the crown; but in some (as in Ko. 57834, Sta. Efigenia, Isth.
Tehuautepec, Jan. 10, 1809, F. Sumichrast, and 27955, Mirador, C Sar-
torius), the occiput is crossed by a band of ash-gray, almost completely
separating the two bright-colored areas. In the former of the above
specimens, the head is colored throughout exactly as in some examples
of pure C. aurifrons, the nape being bright orange, markedly different
from the deei^ red of the crown, and barely connected with it along the
median line ; but the lower parts are of a deep olivaceous drab, the ab-
domen deep saffron, and the posterior parts densely barred, as in typical
santacruzi. The upper parts are more broadly banded with white than
in true santacruzi, but less widely than in either aurifrons or lioffmanni.
A near approach to the latter form is seen in the broad and distinct
white bars (about 7 in number) on the inner webs of the middle rectrices,
the outer webs of which are marked with a long narrow white stripe;
but the size is much greater, the dimensions fully equalling the maxi-
mum of aurifrons (wing 5.G0, tail 4.10, culmen 1.25). The Mirador speci-
men is evidently a young bird, and has the inner webs of the middle
rectrices chiefly occupied by a large longitudinal blotch of white. An-
other adult male from the Isthmus of Tehuautepec (Xo. 57830, Chihuitan,
]Si"ov. 20, 1868, r. Sumichrast) is in all respects like the one described,
except that the nape is deej) orange-red, and this color more comi)letely
coalesced with the crimson of the crown. It is also equally large (wing^
5.70 tail, 4.00, culmen 1.12). C.iwhjgrammus, of Cabanis, appears to have
been based upon specimens representing this style. Adult females from
the Isthmus of Tehuautepec agree with the males in the broadness of the
white bars of the dorsal surface, and the white markings of the middle
108 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
rectrices ; one of them (No. 57835) lias tlie nape briglit golden j^ellow, tlie
other (No. 54197, Jucliitan, Sept. 8, 1868) saffron-orange. Both have the
outer webs of the i^rimaries largely blotched with white toward the base.
As to the females, there aiipears to be no correlation between the color of
the nape and the locality ; those with deep red napes coming, respectively,
from Baoul, Coban, and Dueiias, Guatemala, and the city of Mexico,
those with orange napes from Eastern Mexico (Jalapa and Mirador),
Guatemala (Eetaluleu), and Western Mexico. Two examples from Hon-
duras, in the collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman, are remarkable
chiefly for their small size. The male (San Pedro, G. M. Whitely) is
very intensely colored, the white bars of the dorsal region narrower
than in any skins from Guatemala or Mexico, and very strongly tinged
with fulvous, the lateral and lower i)ortions of the head deep olive-drab,
in marked contrast with the white frontal crescent, the white of the
rump stained with fulvous-yellow, and the lower parts much deeper
olivaceous than other specimens ; the inner webs of the middle rectrices
are solid black. The measurements of this specimen are as follows :
Wing, 5,00; tail, 3.30; culmen, 1.15; and tarsus, .88. The female (Julian,
G. M. Whitely) is of abnormally small dimensions, measuring, wing,
4.G0; tail, 2.90; culmen, .95; tarsus, .80. It appears, however, to be an
immature bird, and may not have attained its full size. In colors, it is
very dark, like the male from San Pedro.
It is not uncommon for very highly-colored examples to have the white
of the rump and upper tail-covc^rts more or less tinged with yellow.
5b. CEI^TURUS AUEIFEOXS DUBIUS.
" Picus carolimis", Cabot (nee Lixx.), App. Stephens' Trav. ii., — , 475. (Uxmal, Yu-
catan. )
Picus diibius, Cabot, Jour. Bost. Soc. N. H. v, 134.'), 91. (Uxmal, Yucatan.)
Pkus erytlirophthalmns, 'LibnT. "Cat. MSS. Mus. Berol. 1844"; Nomencl. 1854, 76.—
Reich. Handb. Oct. 1854, 409, tab. 664, figs, 4396-7 ( ,? , $ ad.).
" Zehrapicus crythroplitlialmus (Licht.)" Malh. Mon. Picid. ii, 1862, 243; iv, j)!. cv,
figs. 1-3.
*'Ccnturm alUfrons (Sw.)", Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. is, 1869, 205. (Yucatan.)
'^ Picun capistratua, Light. Mus. Berol. 1841, uec Natter." (Malherbe.)
Piczeire aux yeux rouges, Malh. 1. c.
Adult $ : Entire pileum and nape bright crimson-scarlet (much as
in G. carolimis), without a trace of orange tinge; frontlet scarlet, sep-
arated from the deeper red of the crown by a narrow band of dull,
smoky white, or grayish white (sometimes nearly pure white), across
the forehead; rest of head and neck light ashy drab, approaching
smoky grayish white, deepening on the jugulum, breast, sides, flanks,
and upper part of abdomen into light olive-drab, or smoky gray ; middle
of abdomen bright scarlet, usually without trace of orange tinge; tibite,
anal region, and crissum, grayish white, thickly marked with V-shaped
bars of black. Back, scapulars, wing-coverts, and upper part of rump
black, with sharply-defined narrow bars of white, much narrower than
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 109
the black bars (averaging about balf as wide); secondaries narrowly
barred with white ; primaries black, margined terminally with white,
and with a few irregular spots of the same near base of outer webs ;
npper tail-coverts and rump immaculate pure white. Tail deep black,
the under surface hoary drab, and the lateral pair of feathers sometimes
showing indications of narrow white bars near the end. Adult 9 :
Similar, but the whole crown light drab-gray, becoming lighter ante-
riorly (nearly white on the forehead). Bill slate-black; feet dusky (oli-
vaceous in life?). Wing, 4.95-5.40; tail, 3.40-3.80; culmen, 1.00-1.30;
tarsus, .90-.95.
This form is evidently most closely related to C. santacruzi^ but it may
be immediately distinguished, in its typical condition, by the entire ab-
sence of even the slightest trace of orange in the red of the nape, while the
frontlet and abdomen are a pure deep scarlet, instead of orange-yellow.
In other respects, however, there is a verj^ close correspondence in all
the colors and markings, even to a minute degree, almost the only dif-
ference consisting in the white bars of the dorsal surface being still
narrower. In the red abdomen, and jjure red pileum, nape, and front-
let, there is a closer resemblance to C. caroUnus than to C. santacruzi, but
the red of all the parts named is more intense, while the forehead is
invariably crossed by a sharply-defined band of nearly pure white. In
other respects the two are verj^ different, C. caroUnus having the white
bars on the back, etc., about three times as wide, the upper tail-coverts
varied with black, the middle tail-feathers largely varied with white,
etc. Comparing the females of the two species, the present one has the
crown an altogether lighter gray, and the red of the nape and frontlet
much more intense — the latter also more abruptly defined.
It is not to be supposed, however, that the characters of this form, as
given above, are absolutely constant, for this is not the case ; on the con-
trary, specimens now before me plainly indicate, if i\xey do not actually
prove, intergradation with (7. smitacruzi. Specimens from northern Yu-
catan are, so far as I have seen, purely typical ; but an adult male in Mr.
Lawrence's collection, -saM to be from Guatemala, has the red of the belly
decidedly lighter and more liame-coloredthan in Yucatan exami)les, while
an adult female from Orizaba agrees with it in this respect. The former,
moreover, has the inner webs of the middle pair of rectrices deeply
notched with white, while the latter has a considerable quantity of
white blotching on the inner webs of the same feathers, the outer webs
of which are marked, on their basal half, with a conspicuous longitu-
dinal stripe of white, mostly concealed, however, by the upper coverts.
In this example, the w'hite bars above are broader (about as in average
specimens of santacnizi), while the dark bars of the flanks and crissum,
as well as the white ones of the terminal portion of lateral rectrices, are
much broader than usual.
The type of Piciis duMus, Cabot, which has been kindly loaned me by
its describer, is a fully adult male agreeing in all respects with other
specimens from northern Yucatan.
110 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
5c. CENTURUS AURIFEONS HOFFMAXNI.
Centarus hoffmannii, Cabax. J. f. 0. x, 1862, 322 (Costa Eica). — Lawr. Aun. Lye. N. Y. is
1868,131 (Siin Jose and Grecia, Costa Eica). — SCL. & Sal v. Nom. Neotr. 1873,
100 (Costa Eica).
Ficus hoffmanni, Suxdev. Consp. Pic. 1836, 54.
Centurns anrifrons var. hojfmanni, B. B. &, E. Hist. N. Am. B. ii, 1874, 554.
Hah. — Costa Rica.
Adult S : Frontlet, pale dull yellow ; forehead and anterior part of
sui)erciliary region, dull whitish ; crown crimson- scarlet ; nape saffron-
yellow, varying to orange, sometimes tinged with orange-red ; remain-
der of the head deep smoky gray (lighter anteriorly and underneath),
the lower parts similar, but darker; abdomen deep saffron-yellow;
tibiie, anal region, and crissum heavily barred with black, the bars on
the latter more V-shaped. Back, scapulars, and wing-coverts broadly
barred with black and white, the two colors in about equal proj)ortiou
on the dorsal region, the black in excess on the wings, the white bars
on the secondaries being only about half as wide as the interspaces ;
primaries black, the outer webs tipped with white and usually spotted
with the same near the base; upper tail-coverts and lower rump immac-
ulate white, usually faintly tinged with yellow ; tail black, the inner
webs of the intermedicc edged with white and deeply indented with broad
bars of the same, the outer webs with a narrow longitudinal stripe of
white ; lateral rectrices hoary drab on the under surface, margined ter-
minally with dull white, the outer web notched along the edge, near the
end, with the same, and the terminal portion of the inner web sometimes
with one or more indications of white bars. Adult ? : Similar to the
(?, but crown without any red, and yellow of the nape duller and (usu-
ally at least) without orange tinge. Bill black ; iris hazel (MS. note on
label of 2 ad.) ; feet dusky (olivaceous in life?). Wing, 4.60-4.75; tail,
2,40-2.90; culraen, .90-1.05; tarsus, .75-.80.
This form presents a curious combination of the features of C. aurifrons
and C santacruzb with characteristics which are its own. The plumage
of the upper parts is exactly that of the former, exceiJt that the occiput
and sides of the Crown are of a decidedly more smoky hue, while the
inner webs of the middle tail-feathers are invariably largely marked
with white, as described above. The plumage of the lower parts, how-
ever, is even darker than in santacnizi, though the posterior i)ortions are
more coarsely barred, as in aurifrons. The peculiar features consist in
the small size, and constancy of the white markings on the middle tail-
feathers, which is only an occasional feature in santacruzi and apparently
never occurs in true aurifrons.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Ill
6. OENTUKUS EADIOLATUS.
Ficus variiis medtiis jamaiccnsis, Ray, Syu. av. 181, no. 11.
Ficus jamaicensis, Edw. Gleanings, pi. 244 ( ^ ad.).
Fie varie Fcmelle, de la Jamaiqiie, Buff. PI. Enl. 597 ( ^ ad.).
Ficus car olinus, part, Lixx. S. N. i ed. 12, 1766, 175 (quotes, '^Ficiis variiis medius, Sloan
jam. 2, x>. 299, t. 255. Ficus varius jamaicensis, Briss. av. 4, p. 59. Ficus jamaicen-
sis, Edw. av. 5, p. 71, t. 244. " — Not of ed. 10, 1758, 113, whicli is based entirely
on Catesby).
Ficus radiolatus, Wagler, Syst. Av. 1827, Ficus, no. 39 ( $ ad. ; Jamaica) ; Isis, 1829,
572.
C^nturus radiolatus, Boxap. Consp. i, 1850,118; Cousp. Zygod. 1854, no. 215. — GOSSE,
B. Jam. 1847, 271.— Reich. Handb. 1854,409, no. 961,pl.dclxiii, fig. 4406 ( ^
ad.).— SCL. P. Z. S. 1861, 79 ; Catal. 1862, 343, no. 2046.— March, Proc. Pliilad.
Acad. 1863, 284.— Scl. & Salv. Norn. Neotr. 1873, 100 (Jamaica).
Zebrapicus radiolatus, Malh. Men. Pic. ii, 1862, 237 ; iv, pi. civ, figs. 5 ( <^ ad. ) 6 ( $ ad. )
? Ficus albifrons, Swains. Philos. Mag. i, 1827,439 ( ^ ad. ; "Table-lands of Mexico "—
error*).- Wagl. Isis, 1829, 514.— Less. Compl. Bufi". ix, 1837,318.
Fieus larvatus, Temm. PI. Col. livr. 73'', 1838, in text, sub P. superciliaris.
Le Pizebre de la Jamaique, Malii. 1. c.
The Woodpeclcer of Jamaica, Edwards, 1. c.
Eadiolaied Woodpeclcer, Gosse, 1. c.
Le front blanc, Less. 1. c.
Hah. — Jamaica only.
Adult $ : Pileum and nape bright scarlet-crimson, darkest on tlie
crown 5 remainder of the head, including forehead, lores, and supercili-
ary stripe, soiled white, changing quite abrui^tly to smoky drab next to
the red of occiput and nape, and on the jugulum, the breast, sides, and
abdomen nniform deep olivaceous (slaty plumbeous beneath the sur-
face), and with a deep golden-ochraceous wash in some examples 5 middle
of the abdomen deeply tinged with saffron-red, the tibioe tinged with
the same, and indistinctly barred with grayish dusky and dull whitish ;
crissum black, narrowly and rather distantly barred with dingy white.
Upper parts black, relieved by very narrow thread-like bars of white,
these widest apart on wings ; upi^er tail-coverts and lower part of rump
also black, crossed by broader and more distinct bars of white; tail
deep black, the inner webs of middle pair of feathers (sometimes outer
webs also) marked with narrow white bars. Adnlt 9 : Similar, but
crown and upper part of occiput smoky gray, and the white of the an-
terior portion of the head more obscured, or diugy. Bill black; feet
* "Above blackisb, transversely marked with, white lines, beneath olivaceous; front,
chin, and sides of the head white ; crown and neck red.
" Table land ; rare.
" Total length, 10^; bill, If^', wings, 5; tail, 4."
This bird has usually been referred to one or another of the forms of C. aurifrons.
Judging from the above description, however, and especially by Bonaparte's comments
in P. Z. S. 1837, p. 116, it seems more probable that the present species was the one Swain-
son had in view, there being at least one other West Indian bird in the same collection
erroneously ascribed a Mexican habitat {T'jrannnla barhirostris, also from Jamaica).
112 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
dusky. Young 9 : Similar to the adult, but with red feathers on the
middle of the crowu. Wiug, 5.00-5.40 ; tail, 3.70-4.30 ; culmen, 1.30-
1.45.
The ouly species bearing any resemblance to the present one is C.
santacruzi, which, however, besides being very much smaller, has the
upper tail-coverts and lower rump immaculate white, the frontlet golden-
yellow or orange, the lower parts much ];)aler, and the white bars of the
upper surface much broader. AVitli the exception of G. superciliaris (of
Cuba), it is the largest member of the genus, and in the decided pre-
dominance of black on the rump and lower tail-coverts is entirely
peculiar.
7. CENTURUS UROPYGIALIS.
Ceninras uropnoiaJis, Baird, Proc. Pliilatl. Acad, vii, June, 1854, 120 (Bill Williams'
River, Arizona) ; B. N. Am. 1858, 111 ; ed. 1860, pi. .36 ; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859,
no. 93.— Reich. Handb. 1854, 310.— Caban., J. f. O. 1862, 330 (northern Mex-
ico).— Kexxerly, Pacific R. R. Rep. x, b. 1859, pi. 36.— Heerm. lb. x, c. 1859,
17. — Suxdevall, Consp. Pic. 1866, 54. — Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1866,
57 (S. Arizona) ; Key, 1872, 196 ; Check List, 1873, no. 308.— Cooper, Orn.
Cal. i, 1870, .399 (Ft. Mojave).— B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. ii, 1874, 5.58, pi.
lii, tigs. 2 and 3. — RiDGW. Cat. N. Am. B. 1880, no. 374; NomencL N. Am. B.
1881, no. 374.
Centurus snlfureiccnlcr, Reich. Handb. Oct. 1854, 410, pi. dclxiv, figs. 4411-12 ( ^ &
9 ad.).
Zebrapicus kmqni, Malh. Mon. Pic. ii, 1862, 245 ; iv, 1802, pi. cvi, figs. 4, o {^ and
9 ad.).*
" Centurus hypoiwUus", Puch. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1853, 103 (nee Light., cxWagl.).
Le Pkzehre de Kaup, Malh. 1. c.
Gila JVoodpechcr, Baird, 1. c.
Sal). — Western Mexico, extending into Arizona (as far as the Gila
Valley), southeastern California, and western New Mexico; Lower
California.
Adult $ : Head, neck, and lower parts soft, rather light smoky drab,
usually deepest on the nape and ijaler on the forehead; middle of the ab-
domen pale yolk-yellow, in some specimens inclining to buff; a patch of
scarlet-crimson on the middle of the crown; tibiae and crissum white,
broadly barred with black. Back and. scapulars broadly and regularly
barred with black and white, in about equal proportion ; wings black,
the coverts and secondaries broadly and sharply barred with pure
white ; primaries tipped with white, largely blotched with the same near
the base, the longer quills narrowly edged with white beyond their
emarginations ; rumi) and upper tail-coverts white, regularly barred
with black ; tail black, the inner webs of the intermedicv white, broadly
barred with black, the outer webs with a stripe of white extending the
* Malherbe claims (Mon. Pic. ii, p. 245, foot-note) 1853 as the date of his specific
name "kaupii", on the ground that Bonaparte instituted the name " en effet" by-
dedicating it, in the Revue et Marjazin de Zoologie for that year, to " au savant directeur
de Mus6e de Darmstadt". Inasmuch, however, as not even Dr. Kaup's name was given
in the passage quoted as evidence, it will readily appear that Professor Baird's specific
term uropygiall's was really the first proposed.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 113
greater length of the feathers ; outer pair of rectrices broadly barred
with white for at least the termiual half (sometimes the whole leugth),
and next pair with several broad bars across the terminal i^ortion.
Adult 9: Similar to the .?, but without the red crown patch. Wing,
5.00-5.30 ; tail, 3.50-3.90 ; culmen, .95-1.25 ; tarsus, .90-.95.
This is the only species of the genus iu which the female has neither
red nor yellow anywhere about the head or neck, and iu which the lat-
eral tail-feathers are banded for the greater part of their leugth, and the
ui)per tail-coverts transversely barred.
Among thirteen adult males now before me I find considerable varia-
tion, which, however, affects chiefly the color of the nape, the exact
shade of color pervading the head and lower parts, and the size and
shai)e of the red crown-spot. In two specimens (7G735, Fort Yuma,
Dr. A. L. Heermann, and 40G83, Camp Grant, Arizona, March 20,
18G7, Dr. E. Palmer), the nape inclines very strongly to a light ful-
vous-bufl", strikingly different iu color from the occiput, sides of the
crown, etc. Usually the nape is similar in tint to the breast, but of a
decidedly darker shade, this being particularly the rule iu fall speci-
mens, in which the colors are darker and the texture of the feathers
softer than in spring and summer. The exact tint varies greatly, how-
ever, the darkest example (Xo. 07153, Pueblo Viejo, New Mexico, Sep-
tember 19, 1873, C. J. Newberry), having the nape a deep sepia-drab,
while iu the lightest (No. GL29, Camp Yuma, California, A. Schott), it
is a light ochraceous-buff, the lower parts being also much i^aler than
usual. Summer sjiecimeus, having the plumage more worn and bleached
than those killed in the fall or winter, are of course paler colored. The
exact shape and extent of tlie red crown-patch vary greatly in differ-
ent examples, but this may be owing in a great measure to the "make"
of the skin.
8. CENTURUS HYPOPOLIUS.
PicKS hypojioliufi, Wagl. Isis, 1829, 514.
Zebrapicus liypopoUus, Malii. Mem. Ac. Metz, 1848-'9, 361 ; Mon. Pic. ii, 1862, 228 ; iv,
pi. 103, figs. 4, 5 ( ^ ami 5 ad.).
Ceniiirus hypopoUus, Light. Nomencl. 1854, 76. — Keich. Handb. 1854, 410, pi. 66^y,
figs. 4413-14 ((? & 9 ad.).— Lawr. Bull. U. S.Nat, Mus. no. 4, 1876, 35 (Cha-
pulco, Pueblo).
Pkzebre alezan cendr^, Malh. 11. c.
Hal). — Southern Mexico.
Adult $'. Head, neck, and lower parts, back to fla'>ks and anal re-
gion, deep smoky gray, or purplish drab, darkest on the head above,
and nape ; forehead, chin, and throat lighter, the first inclining to soiled
white ; eyelids surrounded by a blue-black circle, separated posteriorly
by white on the upper eyelid; crown with a quadrate patch of crim-
son, and lower part of auriculars tinged with the same. Back and
scapulars barred with glossy black and brownish white, wing-coverts
and secondaries barred with purer white, the white bars broader on
Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 8 June 2, 1881.
114 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
the secondaries and outer greater coverts; primaries black (without
wliite on outer webs, except at extreme base of the inner quills, and a
very narrow edging to the outer quills), but each bordered terminally
with white. Eump and upper tail-coverts white, marked longitudinally
Tvith black. Tail black, the inner webs of the intermediw partly white,
this crossed by oblique bars of black 5 lateral tail-feathers barred at
ends and on outer webs with white, the next pair with incomplete bars,
iit end only. Lower i^art of abdomen, anal region, flanks, and crissum,
soiled white, the flanks transversely spotted, or irregularly barred with
"black, the crissum with irregular V-shaped marks of the same; anal
region with smaller, nearly obsolete spots. Adult 2: Similar to the
^, but lacking the crimson crown-i^atch. Wing, 4.90-5.00; tail, 3.70;
culmeu, .85-.90; tarsus, .80. "Iris brown; bill blackish ; feet ashy-blue."
(SUMICIIRAST, MS.)
This species is very peculiar in its coloration, and needs no compari-
son with any other. Its nearest ally is perhaps G. elegans, with which
it agrees in the dark color of the breast and the black surrounding the
eyes, although C. uropygialis is about equally related, iu the uniform,
brown color of the nape, and the squarish crimson spot ornamenting
the i^ileum of the male alone. It is a much smaller and decidedly more
delicate species than either of those named, however, and differs widely
in other characters of plumage. The absence of any red or yellow tinge
on the abdomen, and the longitudinal markings of the rump and upper
tail-coverts, which characterize this species, are unique features in this
genus.
Of the single pair of specimens which I have been able to examine,
the female (E. Mus. Salv.-Godm. "Mexico; ex Darmstadt Mus.") difi'ers
from the male (Mus. Salv.-Godm. "Valley of Mexico ; 11. S. Le Strange"),
besides in the absence of the red coronal patch, in having much nar-
rower and sijarser streaks of black on the rump and upper tail-coverts,
and in having the white spots on the outer greater wing-coverts larger,
or even so nearly coalesced as to form a broken longitudinal patch.
9. CENTUEUS ELEGANS.
Ficus clcf/uus, SwAixs. Philos. Mag. 1827, 439 ( <? ad.; "maritime laud" of Mexico). —
Less. Compl. Buff. ix,1837, 318.— Finscu, AbL. Nat. Brem. 1870, 356 (Mazatlan).
Centurus elegans, Gray, Gen. B. ii, 1849, 442. — Bonap. Consp. i, 1850, 119; Cousp.
Zygod. 1854, no. 219.— Reich. Handb. 1854, 411.— ScL. Catal. 1862, 342, no. 2043
(Mexico) ; P. Z. S. 1864, 177 (city of Mexico).— ScL. & Salv. Nom. Neotr. 1873,
101 (Mexico). — Lawr. Mem. Boston Soc. ii, pt. lii, no. ii, 1874, 294 (Mazatlan,
Guadalajara, Tepic, and Sonera ; habits).
Zelrap'icus elegans, Malii. Mon. Pic. ii, 1862, 225 ; iv, 18G2, pi. 102, figs. 5, 6 ( ^ , <^ ad. ).
Piczebre elegant, Malii. 11. c.
Sal). — Western Mexico.
Adult <?: Crown and occiput scarlet-crimson; nape bright orange-
yellow, sometimes abruptly defined against the red, often grading in-
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 115
sensibly iuto it; bare orbital space surrounded hj black, this mucli
broadest above the eye, where forming a large longitudinal patch, widest
posteriorly, on each side of the red crown ; remainder of the head smoky
olive-gray, lighter on the forehead, the frontlet, cheeks, and chin more
or less strongly washed with golden yellow; throat, juguhmi, breast,
sides, and upper part of abdomen, uniform smokj^ ft'i'ay; middle of the
abdomen stained, more or less deeply, with golden yellow; tibia?,, anal
region, and crissum thickly marked with V-shaped bars of black. Up-
per parts sharply, and rather broadly, barred with black and white, the
bars of the two colors nearly equal in width ; i)rimaries black, bordered
terminally with white, and marked at the base (of outer webs) with
large blotches of the same; jirimary coverts uniform black; lower rump
and upper tail-coverts white, with rather distant broad bars of black.
Tail black, the intermediw broadly barred, on both webs, with white;
lateral pair of rectrices distinctly barred on both webs, to the base, with
white, the bars not touching the shaft, however, except near the end of
the feather; next tail-feather usually barred on the inner web only,
the next two wholly black or with mere indications of biirs. Adult 9:
No red on the crown or occiput, which are uniform ash-gray, the occiput
sometimes (but rarely) blackish, in consequence of the coalescence of
the black supraocular patches. Young $: Similar to the adult, but
colors of the head less brilliant, and all the markings of the plumage
less sharply defined ; light bars of the dorsal region obscured by an oli-
vaceous wash. Wing, 4.50-4.00; tail, 3.10-3.00; culmen, .05-1.10; tar-
sus, .85-.90.
In this handsome species there is rather an unusual amount of indi-
vidual variation. In the adult males, the bright Indian-yellow of the
nape is usually quite distinctly defined against the red of the occiput
and crown; but in one (No. 26091, Mazatlan), only the lower margin of
the nape is yellow, the rest being bright red, like the occiput. In this
example the frontlet, chin, cheeks, and auriculars are a bright golden
yellow, while the jugulum and breast are darker and more olivaceous
than in others. In the adult females the red of the crown and occiput
is usually wholly replaced by uniform rather light brownish gray; but
sometimes (as in Xo. 23817, Mazatlan, J. Xantus), the whole occiput is
black, while it is not unfrequently spotted with this color. Further-
more, in this example, also in two others (Xos. 23752 and 39977, Mazat-
lan), the nape is intense orange red with merely a lower border of yellow.
10. CENTURUS SUPERCILIARIS.
riciiis superciJians, Temm. Tl. Col. iv, 1838, 433 ( ^ ad.)-— Cuv. Reg. An. ed. 1829, 451.—
Wagl. Isis, 1829, 5irj.— Less. Trait<5, 1831, 227 ; Compl. Bufif. ix, 1837, 324.—
Drap. Diet. Class, xiii, , 506.— Theixem. J. f. O. 1857, 153.
Colaptes supcrciliaris, ViG. Zool. Jour, iii, 1827, 445. — D'Orb. La Sagra's Cuba,
Ois. 1839, 146, pi. 23 (albhiotic 5 ad.).
Colaptes supcrciliosm, Gkay, Geu. B. ii, 1849, 446.
116 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITKD STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Centurus snperGiUans, Boxap. Cousp. i, 1830, 118 ; Consp. Zygod. 1854, no. 214. —
Reich. Handb. 1854, 408, pi. 632, figs. 4400 (^ ad.) 4401 (albiuotic 5 ad.).—
GUNDL. J. f. O. 1856, 103 ; Repert. i, 1863, 294.— ScL. Catal. 1862, 342, uo. 2042
(Cuba).— SCL. & Salv. Norn. Neotr. 1873, 101 (Cuba).
Zebrapicm snpercUiaris, Malii. Mem. Ac. Metz, 1848-9, 361 ; Mon. Pic. ii, 1832, 223 ;
iv, 1862, pi. 102, figs. 1{S ad.), 2( 9 ad.), 3 ( 9 ad., alb.).
"Piciis sahocalaris, Less, Discr. d'Ois. rdc. ddcouv. 1847, p. 205, uo. 33, lemale". {Mal-
herhe.)
Pic soiux'tl noir, Tkmm. 1. c.
Pic a sourcih uoirs, Less. 1. c.
Colapte a sourcih noirs, D'Orb. 1. c.
Le Pic a pJaqm noire, Less. Descr. d'Ois. rec. dec.
Carpintero jabado ) y
Carpintero co.iimtin )
Le Piczchrc sonrcil noir on supcrciliare \ ^r ..,,, n
Pic-zehre siiperciliare j
Hah.— Cnha.
Adult (? : Crown, occiput, and nape bright scarlet-crimson, darker an-
teriorly ; frontal feathers, on each side of the base of the culmeu, reddish
(usually deeply red, occasionally merely stained with this color) ; a large
longitudinal patch of black on each side of the crimson crown, the lower
edge bordering the bare orbital space, and extending from the anterior
angle of the eye back as far as the occiput ; remainder of the head dull
whitish, including a distinct and usually broad band across the fore-
head ; white purest on auriculars and forehead, more tinged with light
buffy-gray on the throat, this changing gradually to a deeper shade of
the same on jugulum, the breast, sides, and abdomen deeply bufty
drab, tinged with golden buff posteriorly ; middle of the abdomen bright
red; flanks, tibiiie, anal region, and crissum varied with V-shaped marks
of black. Back, scapulars, and wings broadly barred with black and
white, the dorsal region strongly washed with buff yellow ; rump and
upper tail-coverts white, often tinged with pink and buff yellow, the
former with transverse bars, the latter with V-shaped marks of black ;
tail black, the inner webs of the intermedko white, with broad, rather
oblique, bars of black, the outerwebs with a longitudinal stripe of white,
narrow and pointed posteriorly, often barred with black anteriorly ; lat-
eral pair of rectrices marked with broad bars, or transverse spots, of
white, not touching the shaft except the terminal and (rarely) the sub-
terminal spots ; inner webs with one or two broad bars of white near the
end. Primaries black, the outer webs blotched with white near the
base. Adult 9 : Similar to the S , but anterior part of the crown white,
like the forehead, the occiput and posterior part of the crown black, this
confluent with the black superciliary patches : bill blackish ; feet oliva-
ceous dusky. Wing, 5.40-6.00 ; tail, 4.50-4.80 ; culmen, 4.30-1.05 -, tar-
sus, 1.00-1.10.
The unique characters of this very distinct species consist in the large
size (largest in the genus), superciliary black patches combined with
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 117
scarlet nape and red froutlet ; equal width of the light and darlc bars
of the upper surface (in this respect most resembling C. caroJinus), and
the distinct buff-yellow wash which pervades the dorsal region.
11. OEXTURUS STRIATUS.
Picas domhiicensis strintns, Briss. Oru. iv, 1760, 6o, pi. iv, Hg. 1 ( S '<^<^-)-
Picas dominicensis slriatus minor, Briss. t. c. 67, pi. iii, fig. 2(9 atl.).
Picas striatus Mull. S. N. Suppl. 1776.— Bodd. Tabl. P. E. 1783 (ex PI. Enl. 281, G14).—
Gmel. S. N. i, 1788, 427.— Lath. Ind. Oin. i, 1790, 238.— Valenc. Diet. Sc. Nat.
xl, — , 173 ( 9 ).— ViEiLL. Ois. Am. Sept. ii, 1807, pi. 114 ( <? ad.) ; Nouv. Diet.
xxvi, 1818, 90 ; Enc. Me'tli. 1823, 1316.— Cuv. R^g. Au. i, 1829, 451.— Drap.
Diet. Class, xiii, — , 505.— Wagl. Syst. Av. 1827, no. 40 ( <? & 9 ).— Less.
Traito, 1831, 227; Compl. Buff, ix, 1837, 324.— Bryant, Pr. Boston Soc. xi,
1866, 96 (St. Domingo).
Caitarus striatus, Gray, Gen. B. ii, 1849, 442. — Bp. Consp. i, 1850, 119 ( 9 ) i Cousj).
Zygod. 1854, no. 216.— Reich. Handb. 1854, 409, pi. dclxiii, figs. 4404-'5 ( 9 ).—
Sol. & Salv. Nom. Neotr. 1873, 100 (Hayti).
Zchrapicus striatus, Malh. Mon. Pic. ii, 1862, 231 ; iv. pi. cvii, figs. 3, 4, 5 ( (^ &
9 ad.).
Le Pic rai/e de St. Bomingue, Briss. Orn. iv, 1760, 65, pi. 4, fig. \ {$ ad.).
Le petit Pic raye de St. Dominiguc, Briss. t. c. 67, pi. 3, fig. 2(9 ad.).
Pie raye', de St. Domingue, Buff. PI. Enl. 281 ( ^ ad.).
Pic raye a tete noir de St. Domingue, Buff. PI. Enl. 614 ( 9 ad.).
Le Pic ray4, Vieill. II. c. — Valenc. 1. c. — Less. /. c.
Piczehre raye ou de Saint-Doming ue, Malh. 1. c.
Hah. — Island of St. Domingo or Hayti, only.
Adult $: Crown, occiput, nai^e, lower j)art of rump, and upper tail-
coverts deep blood-red or scarlet-crimson, the red of the nape extending
over the sides of the neck to a point immediately behind the auriculars ;
sides of the neck below this with two longitudinal stripes of dingy
white, separated by a black one of about equal width ; the posterior
white stripes of opposite sides separated by a black space on the ex-
treme lower part of the nape. Eemainder of the head, smoky gray,
gradually becoming smoky drab or brown on the jugulum and breast,
this in turn jiassing gradually into light yellowish olive-green ou the ab-
domen, anal region, crissum, sides, and flanks, all of which are immacu-
late.* Back, scapulars, and upper part of rump sharply banded with
deep black and bright yellowish olive-green, the black bars broadest,
except on the rump. Wings black, the coverts banded with greenish
buff*, the secondaries with golden buff ; outer webs of primaries spotted
with pale buff. Tail uniform black, the lower surface dull hoary oliva-
ceous. Bill plumbeous-dusky, the mandible paler (probably bluish
white in life) ; feet olivaceous or plumbeous. $ : Similar, but crown
deep black, the red of the head and neck being confined to lower part of
occiput and upper half of nape. Wing, 4.30-5.20 5 tail, 3.35-4.10; cul-
men, 1.00-1.30; tarsus, .90-1.00.
This is the only Centurus having red on the rump or upper tail-coverts,
* In some examples the lower tail-coverts have indistinct dnsky shaft-streaks.
118 peoceedi:;gs of united states national museUxM.
and the only one, excepting C. hypopoUus, withont a decided red or yel-
low wash on the middle of the abdomen. In the bright yellow-green
color of the lighter bars of the mantle, and in the longitudinal black and
white stripes of the lower hind-neck, it is entirely peculiar in the genns ;
bnt in all the essentials of form, as well as the general style of color-
ation, it is a true Cent urns.
APrENDIX.
In addition to the species given in the above synopsis, Malherbe, in
his Afonographie ties Ficidees (ii, 18G2), gives, besides 2Ielanerpes puclier-
ani, which he includes in this genus, two additional species of '' Zehra-
piciis,''^ yiz: '■'■ Z. gerimi (Temm.)" and "Z. aurocapiUus (Vig.)." They
may or may not belong to the genus Centurus, in the restricted sense ;
and since I know nothing of either from autoptical acquaintance, I
transcribe below Malherbe's account of each in full, as embodying all
that is known regarding these doubtful species.
ZEBRAPICUS GERIXII (Temm.).
Ficus var'ius indicus ; Gkrin, Ornitli., ii, ■^. 48, jil. 171.
Picus carolinus, Var. D ; Lath., Iiid orn., i, p. 231, spec, 18.
Plciis gerinii ; Temm., pi. color. , 73° livr., article dii P. superciliaris.
Mas Adul. — Albo nigroque supra variolosus ; pileo, nucha abdomineque coccineis ;
fronte colloque subtiis llavo-griseis ; liuea nigra a naribus per oculos ad humeros utriu-
que ducta ; tergo et uropygio fer^ tolls albis ; remigibus rectricibusque uigris
LE PICZEBEE DE GfiRHsT.
"Cette espece, que nous ne connaissons que par la description qu'en
donne Geriu et que reproduit Lathaui, tout en faisant une variete du
Zehrapicus carolinus,, m'aurait paru etre le Piczebre capistrate de M.
Lichtensteiu, si Gerin n'annoncait pas qu'une hande noire descend des
narines jusqiCaux epaules, en passant sur les yeux. Ce caractere rap-
proche done ce Piczebre de Velegans de Swainson, du supterciliaris, de
lliypopolius et de mou pncJierani, qui, tons, out les yens entoures de
noir.
" M. Temminck nomme seulement ce grimpeur dans son article sur le
superciliaris (pi. col. 433) ; mais il parait ne I'avoir jamais observe et ne
le connaitre que par la description de Gerin.
" Nous n'avons aucun renseignement sur VhaMtat precis de cet oiseau
americaiu.
^^ Coloration. — Lc male, d'apres Gerin et Latham, a les paties superieures
rayees trans versalement de noir et de blanc ; le dessus de la tete, la
nuque et le milieu de I'abdomen, sont rouges; le froute et le dessous du
cou sont d'un gris jaunatre, une bande noire s'etend de chaque cote du
ecu, a partir des narines jusqu'aux epaules et en couvrant les yeux ; les
r^miges et les rectrices sont noires ; le milieu du dos et le cropion sont
l')resqu'entierement blancs.
'■'■ La femelle n'a pas ete ddcrite paries auteurs.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 119
" iZa&ife I'Amerique, sans pouvoir indiquer dans quelle coutiee, pro-
bablement le Mexique on PAraeriqne centrale.
^^ Dimensions. — Gerin et Latham n'ont indiqa6 les dimensions meme
approximatives de cette espece, qui semble se rapproclier ponr la taillo
dii Zehrapicus carolinus, puisque Latham en fait uue variete.
" On ignore ce qu'est devenu Fexemplaire decrit par Gerin et Latham."
ZEBRAPICUS AUROCAPILLUS (Vig.).
rictts au)-oc((piUnfi ; \iG. Proceed. ZooJ. Soe. Loud., 1S32, p. 4. — Lkss., Coiiqil. Buff.,
ix, p. 315.
riciis (un-eocnplllus ; Gay ex Vig., Hist. fis. de Chile, 1847 ; Z(M)1. p. 373.
FiEMiXA ? Supra ater, albo fasciatusmaculatusciue ; striga lata siqira ocnlosadbu-
meros estendeute, alteraque subocnlarc interrnpta, gul;1que albis ; pectore abdoiuiue-
qne sordide albescentibns, strigis parvis fuscis notatis ; capita atro ; fronto aureo
strigatim notato, vertico aureo.
LE PICZEBUE A TETE DOlIEE.
I'lc a tete doree ; Less., Compl. Bnft'., ix, p. 315.
"Cette espece, du Mexique, ue nous est connue que par la description
qu'eu donne M. Vigors dans les Proceedings of the Zoological Society of
London, et je ne I'ai observee dans aucuue collection d'Europe. Je dois
ajouter queje ne suis pas meme certain, quoique cela soit probable, que
cette espece appartienne an groupe dans lequel j'ai cm devoir la faire
figurer, en egard a sa coloration, la description de I'auteur anglais etant
tres sommaire. Ce grimpeur est plus petit quenotre Z. pucherani, dont
il diftere surtout par I'absence de rouge sur la tete et sur rabdomen.
" Je suis tres-porte a, croire que le sujet decrit par M. Vigors etaitune
femelle, et que Fespece ne se trouve point au Chili, comme en doute aussi
]VL Gay, tout en la decrivant d'apres Vigors.
" La femelle % Corps noir au-dessus, tachete et raye transversalement
de blanc ; audessus des yeux, une large bandelette blanche qui s'etend
jusqu'aux epaules, et uue seconde interrompue, de meme couleur, sous
les yeux ; la gorge est aussi de cette derniere couleur; le thorax et le
ventre sont d'un blanch atre sale avec quelques stries brunes ; la tete est
noire avec des rayures jaunes surle fronte, et le sommet de la tete jaune
d'or.
" nahite le Mexique. ,
^^ Dimensions. — Longueur totale, 1G5 millimetres (les autres dimensions
ne sont pas iudiquees).
" Cette espece flgurait dans la collection de INI. Cuming, que je n'ai
malheureusement pu examiner, et ce dernier I'avait regno du Mexique."
Smithsonian Institute,
January.) 1881.
120 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
OBSEBVATJOrVS OIV SIKEOON I.IC IlSilNOIDES.
By \¥M. E. CAKI.I.\.
Como Lake is a body of water about two miles and a half in circum-
ference. It has no known outlet, but is fed bj' a stream of pure spring-
water about 2 feet wide and a foot deep, which, continually running,
prevents the lake's absorption by evaporation. The lake is quite shal-
low and can be easily waded at almost any part, being not more than
10 feet dee]) in the deepest place that I have been able to find. The
bottom of the lake is soft and is covered in most places with grass and
weeds. The water is strongly impregnated with alkali, and a large
number of cattle are said to have died a number of years ago from
drinking it. It is very disagreeable to the taste. The amount of water
varies about If inches during the year, being highest in the spring from
the melting snows, and lowest in the autumn. This is the home of the
Siredon lichenoides (Baird). They never enter the stream of fresh
water, preferring the alkali water of the lake. They seem to sutfer no
inconvenience, however, if placed in fresh water. I have caught as
many as a hundred and fifty and placed them in a cauf, and have never
had one die from the change. The change to fresh water undoubtedly
hastens the metamorphosis into the Amhlystoma form, as I have
noticed quite a change in the course of twenty-four hours in individuals
l)laced in the cauf, while an equal number kept in the alkali water in
the boat have shown no change in any of them in several days. I have
kept six at different times in jars of fresh water until they have
completed their metamorphosis. I made no systematic note of appear-
ance from day to day, but my observation w^as careful and regular. In
two cases the change in external appearance was so abrupt that I would
have been almost certain that another salamander had been substituted
for the one in the jar had I not had him so completely under observa-
tion that it was impossible. The gills had assumed a stubby form about
half the length that they were the night before, and the gill on the
back of the body was nearly half gone; it took air quite often, and I
removed it from the jar and placed it in a box with some lake grass
around it to keep it moist. It completed the metamorphosis in a few
days. I did not feed it any during this time. While it was in the jar
it was well fed with flies. The jar was placed upon a table in the tele-
graph office. The flies at first had to be pushed in front of it with
a pencil. It finally got to know that tapping the jar with a pencil
meant a fly, and Avould rise to the surface immediately and snap at
whichever it saw first, pencil or fly. It furnished train-men continual
amusement while here, and they kept it constantly gorged. Those that
1 kept well fed in jars and seldom changed the water, say once in three
days, usually began to show a slight change in from two to three weeks.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 121
aud all of tliem completed the cliange into tlie Amhlystoma inside of
six weeks, while I have had Init three changes of those kept iu the cauf
(sixty of them) in three months. During that time they have not been
fed at all. The Siredon mexicanus is said to never undergo the trans-
formation in its home, and Professor Marsh doubts that it ever makes
it here. This doubt I can put at rest. They do make the change here,
and in large numbers. During the latter part of the month of July
and the entire month of August, if the day is rainy or misty, they come
from the lake in to the shore in large numbers, and secrete themselves
under some piece of wood or rock where they can keep moist. Some-
times they venture out in a shower, and the sun catches them before
they can obtain shelter either in the lake or under cover, and in a few
minutes kills them. They can be found dried hard anywhere about the
lake, on the shore or in the grass. While catching Siredon I have seen
and caught a number of Amhlystoma in the lake, with the metamor-
phosis, as far as I could see, as complete as those we find half a mile
from the lake. They cover the ground by thousands during a warm
summer rain, coming from every conceivable place where they could
have found shelter, from under rocks, boards, old ties, and out of
gopher holes. I have a cat that eats them greedily. She has fished
several out of jars on the table and devoured them during the night
when there was no one to watch her ; and I am told by a resident that
the numerous skunks that live around the lake live principally on them.
They are of two colors, a blackish green and a yellowish green color. I
have had two of the blackish green complete the change in sequence,
while one of the yellowish green was completing it under the same cir-
cumstances of change of water and food.' I think this will be found to
be the result iu all similar cases. I have caught them in all stages of
growth and in all stages of their changes into the Amhlystoma state.
During the months of July and August they lie close to the shore of
the lake, where it is shallow ; but after the first frost they disappear
completely, or at least I have never been able to find them. I think
they must bury themselves in the mud at the bottom of the lake, as I
have stirred up the grass often and have not seen them issue from it.
ON THE DESTRUIITIOIV OF FI.«iII BV POISONOUS M ATER IX THE
CiUI.F OF MEXatO.
By JOSEPH \. PORTER, Assistant SMigcoii, U. S. A.
United States Army Hospital,
Office of Post Surgeon, Key West Barracks, Fla.,
January 21, 1879.
Professor : I forward you to-day by express a small box containing
a quart of Gulf water, procured 20 miles from this port. I enclose you
a slip of paper taken from the "Key of the Gulf," a local of this place,
which in its turn clipped it from the "Forest and Stream." It seems to be
122 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
tlie general opinion in this section among non-scientific men that tlie de-
struction offish has been due to the saturated condition of the water
with dogwood [Cornus Florida). I am informed that the shores of Lake
Okheechobee abound in this vegetation, as well as the country around
it 5 and as the land was completely overflowed last year — summer — some
couple of hundred miles in that vicinity, water 4 and 5 feet deep, it is
thought, as it remained some little while before running off, that some
of the properties of the Cornus may have been imparted to tlie water,
and this in its turn contaminated the Gulf water. However, this is a
mere conjecture, and may not be auy nearer the truth than a theory ad-
vanced by a " Partington" of this place, viz, that the fatality of the
fish was due to a vulgar corruption (volcanic eruption) of the Everglades.
The fishermen have suftered terribly in consequence of this calamity, re-
turning to port trip after trip with their " wells " full of dead fish. They
say that they meet with good success in catching the fish above Pine
Island, Cliarlotte Harbor, and are able to keep them alive until return-
ing, preparatory to going to the Havana market. They meet with this
belt of poisoned water between this port and PuntaEussa, and immedi-
ately on entering or attempting to cross it their fish come to the surface,
gasp, and die.
I trust that as soon as the water I sent you shall be analyzed you may
be pleased to inform me ; for which favor I shall be deeply grateful.
I am, Professor, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
' JOSEPH Y. PORTER,
Assistant Surgeon U. 8. A., Post Surgeon.
Prof. Spencer F. Baird,
Washington J- D. C.
THE FISH MORTALITY IN THE GULF.
Jacksonville, Fla., December 2G, 1878.
Editor Forest and Stream:
In reply to your communication soliciting information regarding the
mortality among the fish on the coast and ocean near the Keys, I can
only say that from personal observation I have none to communicate.
Through the public press I have noticed that fish have been dying in
immense quantities for some time.
By some the mortality is attributed to the freshness of the water as
a consequence of the heavy rains of the past summer and autumn. But
in my opinion this explanation will not sufQce, as the main outlets of the
Okheechobee empty into the ocean north of Pavillion Key, and that
sheephead, tarpum, channel bass, and mullet visit and live in brackish
and even fresh water. By some it has been attributed to volcanic ac-
tion, and by others to the breaking forth of a subterranean stream, the
waters of which are poisonous. One fact is positively known, and that
is that fish in enormous quantities are dying over a large extent of the
PROHEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 123
Gulf from the effects of something contained in tlie water — be tliat some-
thing deleterious gases, mineral substances held in solution, or fungi.
The fishing interest of Key West is an important one, for it supplies
thousands with the means of subsistence, and if the fish mortality should
continue it will bring privation and suffering to many a family.
It appears to me that the existing mortality among the fish is a mat-
ter of scientific importance, and should be thoroughly investigated. I
would suggest the advisability of the Eeveuue Department or the Smith-
sonian Institution sending a commissioner to investigate the cause of
the mortality. The government has a dispatch boat at Key West which
could be spared for the purpose, and the expense would be trifling. As
a matter of scientific interest, independent of its commercial importance,
this subject demands investigation.
I remain yours, truly,
C. J. KENWORTHY.
We warmly second Dr. Ken worthy's suggestion, and hope the gov-
ernment will permit the use of facilities for investigation which it ap-
pears to have in readiness at Key West. We have already hinted that
the use of fiuorescine in those waters of Florida which empty into the
Gulf might serve to indicate the origin of the boiling spring, whose dis-
covery somewhere off the Gulf coast was announced two months ago.
If such a volcanic spring exists, the poisoning of the water can easily bo
accounted for; though theremedy to prevent continued mortality of the
fish is not so readily found. The locality of this boiling spring was
given by the Key West Key of the Gulf, of November C, or thereabouts,
as "along our bay coast from two to ten fathoms out." This is not very
definite, but it is the most positive designation that we have seen, ^o
authentic information seems to have been derived from any other source.
The fishermen whose occupation has been cut short so suddenly should
devote their leisure time to efforts to determine the locality of the ob-
noxious cause, wherever or whatever it is, and report at once to the rev-
enue station at Key West, thereby seconding the efibrts of the govern-
ment to remedy the evil. It will be a direct way of putting bread in
the mouths of their now starving families. The polluting substance,
whatever it may be, is evidently most subtle, for its influence is seen
for a distance of 200 miles, dead fish covering the surface of the ocean
wherever the eye rests. One i^roof of its volcanic origin is that the
water so polluted is of a " red brick color," at a distance of less than a
mile from the shore, while the interval of water along the laud is natural
in color and taste. Of its subaqueous origin there can be no doubt, but
whether it has connection with waters in the interior of Florida by sub-
terranean passages, or has a deeper and independent source and seat, is
what we wish to know. The phenomenon in itself is not wonderful or
incomprehensible, being only a reproduction of boiling springs in all
parts of the globe, both in land and ocean. Off Matanzas there is an
immense spring, not hot, but of clear, cold, pure water. — Forest and
Stream.
124 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
AN AIVAI.YSIS OF i;i'ATER DESTRICTIVE TO FISIS IIV TME: GUL,F
OF MEXICO.
By F. M. ENDHCH.
Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, I). C, April 5, 1879.
Sir : Having completed the examination of sea-waters from the Gulf
of Mexico, so far as the scant supply would permit, I have the honor to
offer the following report thereupon, the water in which the fish die
being designated as A, the good water as B :
A. B.
Specific gravity 1. 024 1. 022
Solid constituents (total), per cent 4. 0780 4. 1095
Ferric compounds, per cent 0. HOG 0. 0724
Injurious organic matter ratio=3 ratio=2
I find that the water A contains a large quantity of Algce and infu-
soria. It is eminently probable that the former may have had an in-
jurious effect upon the fish. Specimens of the algte have been submit-
ted to Professor Goode, who will send them to some expert, in order
that their specific character may be determined.
The "dead fish" in possession of the United States !N'ational Museum
are such that any examination of the organs of respiration will be of
no avail.
I cannot find, even by spectroscopic analysis, any mineral constituents
in the water A which could noxiously affect the fish.
In my estimation the death of fish was caused by the more or less
parasitic algse, which are found in large quantities in water A, but do
not occur at all in water B.
In case the same phenomenon should recur, the presence of an expert
in the questions involved, more particularly chemistry and botany, would
most likely lead to definite results.
Eespectfully,
F. M. EXDLICH.
Prof. S. F. Baird,
Secretary Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D. G.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 125
FISH :»IOKTAL,ITV IN THE GULiF OF MEXICO.
By M. A. MOORE.
Beaidentown p. O., Manatee County, Florida,
Xovemhcr 30, 1880.
Sir: I hope you will excuse the liberty I take iu writing you tliis let-
ter, but on yesterday Maj. W. I. Turner gave me a blank circular of
yours and asked me to fill out the queries for him, which I did, and
thought no more of it at the time. But on thinking the matter over I
have come to the conclusion that there is a matter here that might be
of some interest to your commission, as it is one of most vital imxiortance
to many here.
You are doubtless aware that we have employed here a number of
vessels as flshiug-smacks, ranging from 30 to 50 tons, whose vocation it
is to carry live fish to the Cuban markets. This industry provides occu-
pation and subsistence for a large portion of our population in South
Florida.
About two years ago certain portions of our Gulf waters became
poisoned in some way that caused the death of all the fish that came in
contact with it. Whenever a smack with a full fare, L e., a full cargo of
fine healthy fish in her well, sailed into this poisoned water every fish
would die, and they would have to be thrown away. This compelled
the vessel to return to fishing, at the loss of a month's hard work.
This state of affairs has occurred again; the waters of someportiops
of the Gulf becoming so noxious as to kill the fish. The poison seems
to be confined to certain localities and currents for the time being, as
sometimes this state of affairs is observed more marked at one place and
sometimes at another. However, there seems to be more of it about the
mouth of Charlotte Harbor and off Punta Eassa than elsewhere.
When this condition of water prevails, the surface of the water is
covered with dead fish, and the beach is covered with them in such num-
bers that sometimes the stench is intolerable. During its prevalence
two years ago the military commander at Fort Jeiferson on the Tortugas
had to make daily details to carry off the dead fish thrown up on the
beach for fear it would breed a pestilence.
I live immediately on the beach of Palma Sola Bay, and some two
weeks ago the beach was covered with dead fish. The only thing that
seems to be inexplicable is that this water seems to affect what are termed
here bottom- fish more than any others. The principal game of the fish-
ing smack are the grouper {Serramis nigriUs), and the snapper {Ser-
ranns eryilirogaster). These, with the perch, king-fish, trout, and all
those fish which take the hooks seem to be much more affected than the
mullet [Mugil Uneatiis), or the pompauo {Bothrohcmns immpaniis). In
our parlance here fish that take the hook are called bottom-fish in contra-
126 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
distinction from those that go in schools and are taken witli the net,
and the bottom-fish seem to be more affected by this water than the
others, timbers of sharks and rays, eels and catfish are thrown up
dead on the beach.
I am not aware that there has been any report of this matter made
to your commission, or any attempt made at the analysis of the water,
and would not have taken the liberty of writing, save for the fact that
the greater part of our fishermen are comparatively illiterate. My own
opinion is that the state and condition of the water are caused by some
volcanic action at the bottom. I may be wrong in my technical names
of the fish, but our fish have never been properly classified, and I give
you the best I can do.
With a renewed apology for the liberty I have taken, 1 remain, most
respectfully,
M. A. MOORE.
Professor Bated,
Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, Washington, J). C.
4>jV the DKSTRUtJTION OF FISH IVY I»OtiHJTEI> \»'ATERS IIV THE
CJUtiF OF MEXICO.
By 1¥. €. W. OJLAZI£R, Assistant Surgeon, M. H. S.
Treasury Department,
Office SuPERvisiNa Surgeon-General
United States Marine Hospital Service,
Washington, D. C, December 7, 1880.
Sir : I have the honor to transmit herewith copy of a letter received
on the 3d instant from Assistant Surgeon W. 0. W. Glazier, of this
service, now on duty at Key West, which it was thought might be of
interest to you.
Very respectfully,
JOHK B. HAMILTON,
Surgeon- General U. S. Marine Hospital Service.
Prof. S. F. Baird,
Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, Washington, D. C.
United States Marine Hospital Service,
District of the Gulf, Port of Ejey West, Fla.,
8urgeon''s Office, November 25, 1880.
Sir : I have the honor to report, as a matter of scientific interest,
that it has occurred several times that fishermen returning from the
coast of Florida with fish, in an apartment of their boats communica-
ting freely with the surrounding water, have had them die suddenly on
reaching a certain kind of water distinguishable by its color. This has
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 127
occurred several times, notably about ISGo aud iu 1878, when large luim-
bers were thrown ou the shore at Key West, luauy of them of very large
size, so that perhaps all that came within the influence of th^ poisoned
water perished sooner or later.
There is nothing known as to the origin of the poisonous qualities of
the waters that affect the fish iu this way, but the prevalent opinion
seems to be that there is something emptied into the beds of the fresh-
water courses from volcanic or geyser-like springs, and that as soon as
the water thus impregnated reaches the sea it kills everj" living thing
that comes under its influence.
It has been reported that several smacks have lost their cargoes
within the last two weeks, and that the waters of Tampa, Sarasota, aud
Charlotte Harbor were covered with thousands of dead flsh, and that the
stench was so great that the vessels were obliged to keei> free from them.
Very respectfully,
W. C. W. GLAZIER,
Assistant Surgeon, M. H. S.
The Suegeon-General U. S. Marine Hospital Service,
^yashi)lgton, D. C.
IVOTJES OIV SOIUE FIJiiHEiii FBOiYI HUDSOIV'!!^ BAV.
By TARLETOX II. BEAN.
Two small collections of fishes collected in the Hudson's Bay region,
and received by the United States National Museum in 1880, are worthy
of note, because fishes from that quarter are rarely added to museums
in the United States, and consequently our knowledge of the fauna is
limited.
One of these lots embraces the following four species, presented by
Walton Hayden, esq., from Moose Factory. The numbers at the left
of the name of the species refer to the Museum Fish Catalogue.
27782. Percopsis guttatus Ag.
The dorsal has 9 to 11 developed rays; the anal i, 7 ; ventral 8; scales
in lateral line 47 to 48. Seven specimens were obtained.
27783. Stizostethium vitreu3I (Mitch.) Jord. & Copeland.
Two young exami^les about 3J inches long.
27784. Acipenser maculosus LeS.
A young individual 44 inches long.
27785. Uranidea spilota Cope.
One specimen measuring 4 inches without the tail, which is wanting.
Vomerine teeth only. D. ix, 18 ; A. 12 ; Y. i, 4.
From Robert Bell, M. D., Assistant Director of the Geological Survey
of Canada, have just come the following six species, all of them collected
at the mouth of Kelson River except Coitus lahradoricus, which is from
128 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
near York Factory. As the last species lias figured among the doubt-
ful ones in our lists of East Coast fishes, I give a somewhat detailed de-
scription of it.
2777G. Percopsis guttatus Ag.
27777. Stizostethium vitreumI = {Liwioperca americana Cuv.)
The example is very young and entirely without scales, but the species
is most probably vitrcum.
27778. Gasterosteus pungitius L. = {Pijgosteiis occidentalis [C. & Y.]
Brev.).
This is the form described as G. nehulosus by Agassiz. It does not
differ from marine 2)ungitius except in its fresh-water habits.
27770. Gasterosteus aculeatus var. gy:\inurus Cuv.
The few scaly ])lates on the anterior part of the body are present, but
rudimentary.
27780. CoTTus LAERADORicus (Girard).
Taken near York Factory, Hudson's Bay, by Eobert Bell, M. D., As-
sistant Director of the Geological Survey of Canada, 1880.
Br. yi; D. X, 14; A. U;Y.i,S; P. 17 ; C. 11 (developed).
Two small spines above the snout ; a rough irregular prominence
above each orbit and two similar ones on the occiput. The slight de-
j)ression on the crown becomes narrower x^osteriorly where its wddth is
about one-half the length of the space included between the supraorbital
and occipital prominences. Four preopercular spines, two of which are
at the angle 5 the uj)i)ermost and longest is two-thirds as long as the
eye, but the spine is slightly imperfect ; the two lower spines are short
and extend downward and slightly forward. The length of the longest
preopercular spine equals the distance between the eyes measured on
the bone. The long diameter of the eye is one-fifth of the length of
the side of the head, and nearly equal to the length of the snout. The
maxilla is twice as long as the eye, about half as long as the head to
the end of the oj)ercular spine, and extends to about the vertical through
the hind margin of the eye. Teeth on the vomer, none on the pala-
tines. The dorsal spines are slender; the first is twice as long as the
distance between the eyes; the third and longest is five-sixths as long-
as the maxilla and one-half as long as the distance from the tip of the
snout to the end of the occipital prominences. The length of the
spinous dorsal base is one-fourth of the total length without caudal.
The interval between the spinous and soft dorsals is one-half as long as
the eye. The longest ray of the soft dorsal (9th) is about as long as
the middle caudal rays, or one-sixth of the total length with caudal.
The pectorals reach a little beyond the origin of the anal (to the second
ray of the anal) ; the ventrals are as long as the postorbital j^art of
the head and do not reach near the vent. Skin above the lateral line
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 129
witli a few spiny tubercles, none of them more than one-fourth as long
as the eye. The specimen sent is a dried individual and its colors cannot
be made out. There is a small slit behind the fourth gill. The local
name at York Factory is " Miller's Thumb," according to Dr. Bell.
27781. CoEEGONUS Artedi LeS. var.
The species agrees in all respects with typical Artedi from the Great
Lakes with the exception of its smaller eye. Two larger examples col-
lected at Moose Factory many years ago also have the eye notably
smaller than in C. Artedi. The local name at York Factory, says Dr.
Bell, is " tulihi.^^ It must not be inferred, however, tliat the species is
at all like Coregonus tullibee, for it is not closely related to this form.
Specimens in alcohol are much desired.
U. S. National Museum,
Washington, D. C, March 28, 1881.
OIV THE I?lIII>rE:BAL.OOICAE. COMPOSITION OF THE NORITIAIi ITIESO-
ZOIC DIABASE IJPOIV THE ATIiANTlC BORDER.
By OEOROE W. HA1¥ES, Ph. D.
In my opinion the Mesozoic " trap rocks" have excited more interest
and received more lithological attention than any other deiiued rock
species upon the Atlantic border. There is, therefore, no rock concern-
ing the geological features and chemical composition of which we are so
well informed; but much as it has been discussed, the mineralogical
composition has, in part, remained a matter of speculation rather than
of definite knowledge. As our methods for determining such points are
now much more satisfactory, I think that the final determination of the
mineral composition of the normal variety of this rock may be accom-
plished, and this will be of much interest on account of the wide dis-
tribution and the uniform character of these diabases.
I will give a few references to show the development of our knowledge
of these rocks and the essential uniformity in their composition.
When Perceval wrote, no attempt was made to determine their com-
position, and their geological features and distribution were chiefly con-
sidered.^
Prof. J. D. Dana has at different times pointed out the wonderful
uniformity of these rocks wherever they occur, intersecting the Meso-
zoic sandstones on the Atlantic border.^ He quotes specific gravity
determinations by Professor Brush of New Haven, Professor Cooke of
New Jersey, Professor Kerr of Ealeigh, N. C, and Professor Howe of
Nova Scotia, made upon specimens from their respective localities, and
1 See Dana's Geology, page 20.
2 American Jonrnal of Science, series iii, vol. vi, page 104,
Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 9 June 2S, 1881.
130 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
which are essentially alike. Professor Dana considered these rocks as
composed of pyroxene, magnetite, and labradorite.
Professor Howe^ soon aiterward made further determinations of spe-
cific gravity with the view of illustrating more fully the uniformity of
this composition.
Chemical analyses of these rocks have been made by Prof. G. H. Cooke,^
Prof. W. G. Mixter,3 S. T. Tyson,^ and Dr. F. A. Genth,^ which are all
nearly concordant, and show the ultimate composition to be always
nearly the same.
The most extensive series of analyses has been made by myselP upon
specijnens taken from various points in the Connecticut Valley, and a
specimen from Jersey City, which was intended to represent the Hud-
son palisades. These analyses demonstrated the essential uniformity of
the composition, all variations being referable to the degree of hydra-
tion which represents the extent of the decomposition of the rocks, and
the degree of alteration of its pyroxene to chlorite. I concluded that
the feklspar was labradorite, but demonstrated that the large kernels in
one variety were of anorthite.
Prof. E. S. Dana'' began the microscopic examination of these rocks.
He confirmed the determination that these rocks are composed of augite,
triclinic feldspar, and an iron oxide, and assumed from my analysis
that this feldspar was labradorite. Notwithstanding this, these rocks
are stated to this day by Credner to be diorites, that is, hornblendic
rocks.
Mr. P. Frazer^ has discussed my analysis of West Eock together with
the analysis by Professor Genth. He assumed the feldspar to be a
labradorite of normal composition, and calculated that labradorite and
augite were present in equal proportion.
From these works it is then evident that the unaltered Mesozoic dia-
bases are all very much alike, and are composed of augite, iron oxide, in
the form of magnetite and titanic iron, and a feldspar that has been
reasoned to be labradorite.^ This latter determination is in need of
verification.
The method employed by me for this determination was that proposed
1 Philosophical Magazine, February, 1876.
2 Geological Report, New Jersey, page 215.
3 American Journal of Science, iii, vol. vi, page 105.
*2d Geological Survey of Penna. report of progress in York and Adams counties;
page 120.
s American Journal of Science, 1875, vol. is, page 185.
^Proc. Am. Association Adv. Sci., Aug., 1874.
•^ Credner, Gdologie, page 532. With his ill-defined definition of melaphyr, to which
he refers a part of these rocks, they certainly have nothingto do. These rocks had
long been demonstrated to be augitic when the last edition of his work appeared,
which still states the palisades to be of diorite.
8 2d Geological Survey of Penna., vol. C, report of progress in the district of York
and Adams counties.
9 1 speak now only of its essential original constituents. Biotite and hornblende
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 131
by Dr. Thoulet, which, though not itivented by him, was brought into
general notice by his more successful development of the method.^
In a solution of iodide of potassium, iodide of mercury was dissolved,
and the sp. gr. of the resultant fluid was 3.18.^ Some of the diabase
from Jersey City, which is particularly fresh, was pulverized till all the
grains would pass through coarse muslin. From this powder the dust
was separated by washing in water, and the mass of uniformly fine
grains was put into the fluid, when the iron oxide and augite sank to
the bottom and only feldspar remained on the top. I diluted till the
sp. gr. decreased to 3, when some grains of a compound character set-
tled out, and the microscope indicated that the floating mineral was
entirely of feldspar. I diluted and made the gravity 2.90, and nothing
of consequence fell down, neither did any considerable portion settle
from the mass till the sp. gr. had reached 2.69, when at this point the
mass of feldspar, on being mixed with the fluid as before, separated into
two parts with such facility as to plainly show that two minerals were
present. Further experiments on the i)arts did not result in any further
separations, and it was therefore decided to analyze these parts. These
analyses were performed by Dr. A. B. Howe, of the Scientific School at
New Haven, and were found to be composed as follows :
FELDSPAR IN JERSEY CITY DIABASE.
Sp. Gr. over 2.69.
SiOz 52.84
AI2O3 28.62
FezOs 1.52
CaO 11. 81
MgO 40
KazO 2. 38
K2O , .86
H2O 1. 06
99.55
Sp. Gr. under 2.69.
88
278
009
Si02 .
A1263
Fe203
CaO
MgO.
Na20.
K2O .
H2O..
E
60.54 1
24.11
1.14
9.15
.27
4.11
1.06
.59
.01
.234
007
21
01
038
.163
.107
066
009
.011
0:E20
1 90
E2O::
1.
3 : SiOa
4.09
RO.
2.2
100. 97
E O : E2O3 : SiOz
1 1 3.3
E2O : EO
1. 4.7
It is therefore plain that the feldspathic element in this rock is not
any single feldspar. One of the feldspars is very plainly labradorite,
and the other has the ratio of andesite. The two feldspars were dis-
have been found in small amount in some specimens. Apatite is uniformly present
as a minutely microscopic constituent, and the whole sequence of zeolites and chlorites*
with quartz, calcite, and other minerals, are present as decomposition products, but as
a rule it is a monotonously uniform mixture of the above three minerals.
1 Theses pr^sent^es k la faculty des sciences de Paris, pour obtenir le grad de doc-
teur. Contributions h I'dtude des propri6t6s physiques et chimiques des mineraux
microscopiques. Par M. J. Thoulet.
2 This result was obtained by uniting the proportions recommended by Victor Gold,
Schmidt, Ueber Verwendbarkeit einer Kaliumquecksilberjodidlosung, &c. Inaugural
Dessertation zu Heidelberg, Stuttgart, 1880.
132 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
tinguishable under the microscope, and the optical properties of the
grains offered no peculiarities to conflict with the above determination.
The analysis of the anorthite and augite that I picked from West
Rock may be added, and our knowledge of this diabase may be said to be
quite complete as regards the composition of the fresh rock. I will place
together the analyses of the rock and its other components. Professor
Genth's analyses, to which I have referred, is more complete than any
that I have made, since he determined the traces of lithia, copper, and
sulphur. But his analysis was made on more hydrous material ; there-
fore I will use my old analysis of West Eock, New Haven, because the
analyzed material was very fresh, bright, and clear, and also illustrates
the commonest variety of the rock.
This rock and the following minerals from it have been analyzed :
1.
.S y
■&
p
a
SiCh
51.78
12.79
3.59
8.25
.44
10.70
7.03
2.14
.39
1.41
.14
.63
50.71
3.55
"15.' 36'
.81
13.35
13.63
I 1.48
4.^ 95
34.70
.64
"is." 82
Tr.
1.80
.45
AbOs
Fe20s
FeO
MnO
CaO
MgO
NaaO
KsO
TiOj
P2O5
i'.ii
.'96
Igniton
99.89
100. 00
100. 32
* My analysis with the titanic acid determinations by Dr. A. B. Hotve, American Journal of Science,
voL ix, 1875, page 185.
Knowing that the feldspathic element is complex we can now calcu-
late approximately the percentage composition upon the basis of the
elements which are peculiar to the species involved. If in this manner
neglecting the water we determine the percentage of the mineral con-
stituents, we obtain
Anorthite, 15.52; albite, 22.16; potash feldspar, 2.32 ; augite, 54.47;
titanic iron, 2.68; magnetite, 1.76; apatite, .32; total, 99.23.
The composition of this mixture, on adding again the water, would be
as follows :
SiOz 51.78
AI2O3 12.46
FezOa 92
FeO 10.67
MnO 44
CaO 10.77
MgO 7.63
NaKjO
K2O..
TiOa .
P205 ,
H20..
2.62
.39
1.41
.14
.63
99.86
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 133
This analysis differs from the one actually performed only in fractions
of percentages in the alumina and soda, and I think may be assumed
as being nearly correct. The amount of iron in the two analyses is
identical, but there is some difference in the state of oxidation, which
can readily be supposed to be the result of secondary actions that have
taken place in the rock analyzed.
It becomes very easy now to see how extremely diversified the feld-
spathic element may be in rocks of this nature. The molecules may
arrange themselves in very diversified ways, while the rocks remain
identical in composition. Circumstances of cooling might cause anor-
thite to separate in a nearly pure condition, when there would be a com-
pensating acidity in the remainder of the feldspathic element. This is
a much more satisfactory exijlanation than that which I offered at the
time I demonstrated the presence of anorthite in the West Eock dia-
base,^ for as my analysis showed, the presence of the anorthite did not
modify the ultimate composition of the rock. On the other hand pure
anorthite might be entirely absent and its molecules might enter into
combination with the molecules of the potassium and sodium feldspars,
to form one or more intermediate species, as in the Jersey City diabase,
and much diversity might exist in this feldspathic element in different
localities without the slightest change taking place in the ultimate com-
position of the rock.
I regard this work as of some importance, since it completes our
knowledge of the normal composition of a rock which has a great dis-
tribution and very uniform characters, and shows that this rock is more
complex in composition than had been supposed. Besides it has been
common to consider what feldspar enters into the composition of basic
rocks like this, rather than what feldspars. An exquisite balance of
composition and circumstance would be necessary to crystallize such a
rock with a single feldspar, and we have reason to be convinced that
massive rocks are rarely simple as regards their feldspathic constituent.^
It has also an important bearing upon the microscopic determination of
feldspars by means of optical properties. The method proposed by
Pumpelly, and further developed by Fouque and Levy, is used for the
determination of the species of feldspar by seeking for the greatest
angles which elasticity planes make with twinning planes, in the zone
with axis perpendicular to the twinning plane. There is of course a pos-
1 Am. Jour. Sci. 1875, vol. ix, p. 189. I concluded that a minute change in the com-
position of the rock would be sufficient to allow of the formation of anorthite, which
on account of its infusibility would first crystallize from the rock mass, as was evi-
dently the case.
* Fouqud has demonstrated the complexity of the feldspar in Sfiutorin andesites,
Santorin et ses Eruptions, page 366.
I have examined the basic rocks at Peekskill, on the Hudson, recently described by
Professor Dana, American Journal of Science, vol. xx, page 194. The feldspathic ele-
ment was easily separated into two parts, one of which was a pink variety of ande-
iste and the other white orthoclase.
134 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
sible chance iu a section that no crystals should be intersected in a
plane possessing the approximate maximum angle between the traces
of the twinning plane and elasticity plane, and there is also a possibility
that one might examine many sections with approximately equal angles
of extinction to the right and the left of the twinning plane, as the
method requires, without meeting sucn as possess an angle characteristic
of the species, even were such present; hence the correct determination
of the species by this method must remain to a certain degree a matter
of chance. But when the feldspathic element is comi)lex, a determina-
tion based upon this method would lead one to determine the whole of
the feldspar as belonging to the species with the maximum angle of ex-
tinction. This method has been applied to a very considerable extent,
but the considerations here advanced show that the method, although
entirely correct in principle, and certainly of some value in lithological
research, is not adapted to the final determination of the exact nature
of the feldspathic constituent, and is likely to lead to erroneous conclu-
sions.
All are familiar with the grand diversity of the secondary products
that occur in these rocks, and which have enriched the mineral cabinets
of the whole world. The contact, modifications, and structural features
are none the less interesting ; but it is not the intention to consider
these questions here. It will be well to record the observation that they
are sometimes so modified by quick cooling upon the exterior walls of
the dikes in contact with the sandstones that they become crypto-
crystalline, and contain long acicular feldspar crystals in a glassy ground
mass, and in other microstructures resemble augite andesites. The oc-
currence of glass has not been heretofore noticed in these rocks. Ex-
cepting such local modifications the rocks are always like the ordinary
old diabases, and even in microscopic features monotonously alike
wherever fresh stones occur.
These rocks so characteristic of our Triassic are additionally interest-
ing on account of the comparative absence of eruptive material intruded
in the similar Triassic sandstones of Europe.
National Museum, Washington, D. C, April 5, 1881.
OIVTHEDETERMirVATIOIV OF FEL.DSPARI1V THIIV SECTIOIVS OF ROCKS.
By 0£OROE M¥. HATl^ES, Ph. I>.
In my recent article upon the composition of the diabases * which in-
tersect the Mesozoic red sandstones upon the Atlantic border, I sug-
gested that the complexity of the feldspathic element in basic rocks is
probably much greater than is commonly supposed, and that this com-
l)lexity is liable to cause a serious error if the method of determination
* This volume, page 129.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 135
by means of the measurement of tlie maximum angle between the twin-
ning i^lane and the elasticity planes in thin sections cut in the zone with
its axis perpendicular to the twinning is followed.
I wish also by means of an analysis to draw attention to the circum-
stance, that the absence of a twinning plane parallel to the brachyj)in-
acoid is by no means rare, and this is a circumstance bearing upon the
same point and demanding recognition in lithological woik.
At the St. Paul Island, Labrador, from whence the beautiful striated
labradorite specimens are obtained, there are also found large pieces of
feldspar with beautiful broad basal cleavage planes, which show no trace
of striation, and basal sections of which in polarized light under the mi-
croscope show no trace of twinned structure.
A piece of this feldspar in the cabinet of Professor Brush, at New
5aven, is of a bluish-gray color, its basal cleavage is much more perfect
than is usually the case with labradorite, and its cleavage parallel to the
clmopinacoid is very much i^oorer than usual. It only shows in the
latter direction a conchoidal vitreous fracture, with mere traces of cleav-
age. Its dark color is imparted to it by a multitude of minute black
needles, the larger of which are inlaid parallel to the vertical axis of the
crystal. The intersection of an elasticity plane and the base is inclined
5° to the edge between the basal and brachypinacoidal cleavages, while
the intersection of the plane of the optic axes and the brachypinacoid is
inclined 17° to the same edge, and both inclinations are in the directions
characteristic of labradorite.
An analysis of this feldspar by Mr. F. W. Taylor, of the National
Museum, yielded him the following result :
3.
.93
1.
Si02
53.56 -
4- 60.
.890 J
AI2O3
27.78 •
-^ 103.
.269 )
.007 ) •'
FeaOs
1.15
-^ 160.
CaO
12.01
-i- 56,
.214
MgO
tr.
K2O
4.10
-^ 62.
.066
Na^O
1.68
^ 94.2
.018
100. 28
SiOa:
E2O3:
EO.
E2O: EO
3
1
1
1 2.5
The angles and analysis therefore show that this is a typical labra-
dorite, and as it forms at the St. Paul Island a component of a coarse-
grained rock, it may be considered as a type of a triclinic feldspar, which
could not be determined in a thin section by means of any method based
upon the existence of twinning i)lanes.
I would also call attention to some other cases.
The diorite from Dixville Notch in the White Mountains, described on
page 96 of my report on the Lithology of New Hampshire,* contains
* Geology of New Hampshire, by Prof, C. H. Hitchcock, vol. III.
136 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
large, clear, glassy crystals (microtiue of Tschermak) of a feldspar simple
in structure, my analysis of which proved it to be andesitc. Some of
the anorthosites described by Dr. T. Sterry Hunt in the Geology of Can-
ada, 1 8G3, were proven by his analysis to be composed of pure labradorite,
and some sections of the same which he submitted to me for examination
were found to be composed of a multitude of small grains, none of which
were twinned. Some of the tine crystals of oligoclase from Bodenmais
are simple crystals so far as the ordinary mode of twinning is concerned.
If feldspar habitually showed their cleavages in their sections? the
optical method might still be followed with some certainty, but as they
do not, when the grains arc too small to allow cleavage fragments to be
obtained for optical examination, the method followed by me* in the
examination of the feldspathic constituent of the Triassic diabase is the
most reliable. ' ,
In consideration both of the complexity of the feldspathic element in
most rocks, and of the possibility of the simplicity of structure in tri-
clinic feldspars, the very carefully developed methods founded upon the
relation of twinning planes and elasticity planes in chance sections are
liable to lead to wrong results.
National Museum, April 20, 1881.
OIV CERTAIIV CRETACEOCrS FOSSII.S FROM ARKAIVSAS AND COK.O-
RAOO.
By C. A. WHITE.
In volume III of the Proceedings of the United States National
Museum, pp. 157-1G2, five species of Cretaceous fossils (together with
some Tertiary species) were described, but not then illustrated. Illus-
trations of those Cretaceous species are now given on the accompany-
ing plate of this volume, together with those of two other Cretaceous
forms which are for the first time described in this article.
The Arkansan species were collected by Mr. E. O. Ulrich in the
vicinity of Little Rock, and by him presented to the Museum, together
with a parcel of other fossils, mainly mollusca, which he found asso-
ciated with them. The greater part of these Arkansan specimens are
in the condition of mere casts of the interior of the shells, and therefore
the determination of their specific and generic relations is not entirely
satisfactory in all cases.
*This volume, page — . The inetliod of separating constituents of rocks by means
of a heavy solution wa? first proposed, according to von Lasaulx, by Fleuvian de
Bellevue and Cordier, at the beginning of tbis century. Church suggested the use of
the solution of the iodide of potassium in iodide of mercury, in the Mineralogical
Magazine in November, 1877.
Thoulct bettered the method and introduced improved apparatus. (Bulletin de la
Soc. Mineral, de France, 1879, No. 1.) Victor Goldsclmiidt succeeded in increasing the
special gravity of the fluid to 3.2. (Inaugural Disserta.tion, Stuttgart, 1880.)
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 137
The following is a list of them so far as their specific and generic
identity could be determined :
CaUianassa ulrichi White.
Tubulostiuni dickhauti White.
Nautilus texanus Shumard.
Turritella ? apparently two specieS;.
Anchura ?
Lunatia ?
Corbula'i ?
Cytlierea ?
Crassatella%
Axincca !
Cucullcca ?
Idonearca 1
Modiola — ?
Ostrea ?
Grypkcca pitcheri Morton ?
Spines of an Echinoid.
The two species described in this article as new were collected by Mr.
Cleburu in the valley of South Platte Eiver, a few miles from Jules-
burg, Colo. He found associated with these two species several other
molluscan forms, all of which are characteristic of the later Cretaceous
strata, equivalent with those of the Upper Missouri Eiver region, which
are generally known as the Fox Hills and Fort Pierre Groups. The
following is a hst of the species collected by Mr. Cleburn, so far as they
are determinable :
Nautilus dekayi Morton.
Placenticeras placenta Dekay.
Scaphites conradi Morton.
Turris [Sercula) contortus Meek & Hayden.
Cantharus'l julesburgensis (sp. no v.).
Pyropsis hairdi Meek & Hayden.
Fasciolaria [Piestoclieilus) culbertsoni Meek & Hayden.
Pyrifusus suhturritus Meek & Hayden.
Anchura americana Meek & Hayden.
Lucina clehurni (sp. nov.).
Solemya bilix White.
Inoceramus harabini Morton.
Following are descriptions of the two new species before referred to,
and also references to the other five Cretaceous species which were
described in volume III, all of which are illustrated on the accompany-
ing plate in this volume.
Cajllianassa uleichi White.
(Plate — , Figs. 10 and 11.)
CaUianassa ulrichi, White 1880, Proc. U. S. National Museum, vol. iii, p. 161.
138 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
TUBULOSTIUM DICKHAUTI White.
(Plate — , Figs. 12 and 13.)
Sjnrorbis? dickJiauti White, 1880, Proc. U. S. National Museum, vol. ill, p. 161.
Since the description of this species was i)ublished (loc. cit.), certain
fragments have been brought to light Avhich indicate th?,t this shell
really belongs to a group for which Dr. Stoliczka in Pal. Indica, vol. iU
p. 237, proposed the generic name Tuhulostium. Our species is indeed
very closely related to his T. discoideum (op. cit., pi. xviii, figs. 20-25).
The tubular prolongation of the mouth is one of the distinguishing
features of this group of shells. Our specimens do not show this fea-
ture clearly, but it is probable that that portion of the shell has been
broken off, as is suggested by the added outline in figure 12.
CANTHARUS ? JULESBURGENSIS (sp. nOV.).
(Plate — , Figs. 1 and 2.)
Shell short fusiform ; spire moderately elevated ; volutions convex,
apparently five or six in number, obscurely flattened upon the outer
side and obliquely flattened or slightly concave uj^on the distal side ;
the outer side of the volutions marked by four strongly-raised revolving
ribs (including the two prominent ones which border the flattened por-
tion of the outer side) which are narrower than the spaces between them;
the distal side marked by two or three similar, but less distinct revolving
ribs, the convex proximal side of the last volution marked by numerous
ribs similar to those of the outer side, but which decrease in prominence
anteriorly after the first two ; longitudinal varices irregular, somewhat
numerous, giving the shell, in connection with the revolving ribs, a
rugose aspect.
Length about 50 millimeters ; diameter of the last volution 22 milli-
meters. (Museum No, 11468.)
Only a single example of this species has been discovered, and that
is imperfect, as shown in the figure. Its characteristics are, however,
so well marked that it may be readily recognized as distinct from any
hitherto-described form.
Position and locality. — Later Cretaceous strata (equivalent with the
Fox Hills and Fort Pierre Groups of the Upper Missouri Eiver region)
in the vicinity of Julesburg, Colo., where it was obtaii^ed by Mr. W.
Cleburn.
LUCINA PROFUNDA White.
(Plate — , Figs. 5 and 6.)
Ludna profunda White, 1880, Proc. U. S. National Museum, vol. iii, p. 158.
expla.:nation of plates.
Fig. 1. Cautliarus? julesburgensis; lateral view.
2. " " apertural view.
3. Liicina clebunii; right-side view.
4. " " dorsal view.
5. Liicina profunda; right valve.
6. " '• left valve.
7. Pteria (Oxytoma) erecta; right valve.
8. " " " left valve.
9. Solemya bilix ; right valve.
10. Callianassa iilrichi; leftinanus; exterior view.
IX. "■ " " interior view.
12. Tubulostium dickhauti; lateral view.
13. •' " peripheral view.
All of natural size.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1881.
PROCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 139
LUCINA CLEBURNI (sp. nOV.).
(Plate — , Figs. 3 and 4.)
Shell moderately large, indistinctly pentahedral in marginal ontliue;
valves moderately convex ; posterior side truncate, basal border rather
short, nearly straight or slightly convex, abruptly rounded up to the
posterior border and broadly rounded up to the antero-basal border;
front prominent, somewhat abruptly rounded above; anterodorsal bor-
der slightly concave, nearly horizontal; postero-dorsal border slightly
convex, sloping downward and backward, its whole length occupied by
a large prominent external ligament; lunule very narrow, hardly so
wide as the ligament, and extending the whole length of the antero-
dorsal border; beaks small, situated subcentrally ; umbonal ridge not
well defined, passing near the posterior and postero-dorsal borders.
Surface marked by the usual distinct lines of growth, and also by some-
what numerous strongly and sharply raised concentric lines, especially
upon its upper and umbonal portions.
Length 37 millimeters; height 30 millimeters; thickness, both valves
together, 14 millimeters. (Museum No. 11469.)
This fine shell bears some resemblance to the preceding, but it is a
more robust form, its transverse diameter is proportionally greater, the
front more prominent, the basal border less abruptly rounded, and the
external ligament larger and more prominent. In its large size it re-
sembles L. occidentaUs Morton, as identified by Meek and figured in
vol. ix, TJ. S. Geol. Sur. Terr., but in its abrupt posterior truncation and
greater prominence of the uj^per jiortion of the front it difiers con-
spicuously from that species.
The ligament of this shell is unusually large and prominent for that
of a Lucina, but it has the outward characteristics of a species of that
genus. Besides this, an imiDerfect separate valve, too fragile for pre-
servation, which was found associated with the other specimens, and
which apparently belongs to the same species, shows the hinge, pallial
line, aud muscular markings which characterize Lucina.
Position and locality. — Later Cretaceous strata (equivalent with the
Fox Hills and Fort Pierre Groups of the Upper Missouri River region)
in the vicinity of Julesburg, Colo., where it was obtained by Mr. W.
W. Cleburn, and in whose honor the specific name is given.
SoLEMYA BiLix White.
(Plate—, Fig. 9.)
Solemya hilix White, 1880, Proc. U. S. National Museum, vol. iii, p. 158.
This species was also found by Mr. Celeburn, near Julesburg, Colorado.
Pteria (Oxytoma) erecta White.
(Plate—, Figs. 7 and 8.)
Ptma {Oxytoma) erecta WMte, 1880, Proc. U. S. National Museum, vol. iii, p. 157.
140 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
DESCRIPTIOIV OF A NEW SPECIES OF OOBIFSOX (OOBIFSOX RI[FS>
MODOIV) FROM SAmr DIEOO, CAI.IFORNIA.
By ROSA SMITH.
Allied to Gohiesox reticulatus Girard.
Form essentially liketbatof G. reticulatus, and, as in that species, the
snout bluntly and evenly curved. The greatest height of the body is
across the pectoral fins, and the width is also greatest between those
fins. Head broader than body but less deep. Cleft of the mouth ex-
tending to the anterior rim of the orbit. Lips thickish as in G. reticulatus.
The anterior incisors of the lower jaw are less declined than those of G.
reticulatus, nearer vertical than horizontal, each of them tricuspid at
tip, the central cusp largest; about eight incisors on the mandible.
Teeth of the upper jaw conical, in an irregular series of seven to nine,
the alternate four or five being larger than the other three. Gill-mem-
branes free from the isthmus. Opercular spine sharp.
Sucking disk entirely similar in form and structure to the other spe-
cies, its tips extending nearly as far as do the free tips of the pectorals.
The distance from vent to base of the caudal fin is contained in the
distance from vent to tip of snout slightly more than one and a half
times (2J in G. reticulatus).
Length of head contained two and three-fourth times in totfil length
to base of caudal as in G. reticulatus ; the tail proportionally longer than
in G. reticulatus, although the vertical fins have fewer rays ; in both the
dorsal fin is a little longer than the anal, having its origin in advance
of the anal and terminating opposite it. The caudal fin is rounded
and of a yellowish-white color, generally with few punctulations and
these at its base. Dorsal rays 11 ; anal 10.
Slate color rarely nearly plain, usually with rather broad, distinct,
slightly mottled with paler yellowish bands across the dorsal region ;
the first a distinct band through the eyes, the second much broader
and situated at the posterior margin of pectorals; a roundish spot
of same color may be seen on each side at the base of the dorsal fin ;
these spots, when viewed from above, form a third light band, its dis-
tance from the second band equalling that between the orbital band
and the second or central one. A dark bar at base of caudal. Under-
neath yellowish, with dark punctulations on the lower jaw and the
belly, fine punctulations on the light bands, on dorsal and pectoral fins
and base of caudal.
This species is known to me by about fifty examples collected by Mr.
Mr. Charles E,. Orcutt, and found adhering to stones in company with
Typhlogohius californiensis * at Point Loma. It differs from G. recticula-
* TypMogolius californiensis Steindachner, Ichthyol. Beitrage VIII, Sitzgber. Wien.
Akad. 1879, 142 - Oihonops eos m. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 19.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 141
tus in the fewer rays in dorsal and anal and in the tricuspid teeth. The
usual color is also different.
The type specimens have been presented to the National Museum,
and they are numbered 28,396 on the Museum Eegister. The largest
measured If inches.
Table of Measurements.
Locality San Diego, Cal.
Dimensions.
Extreme length
Length to base of caudal fin
Body :
Greatest height
Greatest width
Least height of tail
Length of caudal peduncle —
Head :
Greatest lensth
Greatest width
Width of interorbital area
Length of snout
Diameter of orbit
Dorsal :
Distance from snout
Length of base ,
Anal :
Distance from snout
Length of base ,
Caudal:
Length of middle rays
Pectoral :
Distance from snout
Length
Anterior margin of ventral disk :
Distance from snout
Length
Dorsal
Anal
G. rhessodon.
Inches
and
lOOths.
1.40
1.20
lOOths
of
length.
G. reticulatus.
Inches
and
lOOths.
2.50
2.05
lOOths
of
length.
22.5
18
34.5
San Diego, Cal., January 15, 1881.
DESCRIPTIOIV OF A IVEVT GENUS AND SPECIES OF COTTID^IE.
By TV. N. LOCKI^GTON.
Chitonotus gen. nov.
Allied to Artedius Girard.
Anal papilla of males excessively developed, and terminating in a
narrower crescentic portion, from which springs a long tubular fila-
ment. First dorsal incompletely divided into two portions, the anterior
the shorter. Lateral line armed with a series of keeled scales, toothed
on keel and on hinder margin. Entire upper portion of body, save a
narrow area along the base of the dorsal fin, covered with small strongly
ctenoid scales. Other characters as in Artedius. Type Chitonotus mega-
cephalus Lockington.
This genus is instituted for the reception of Artedius pugettensis Stein-
dachner (Ichthyol. Beitriige V. 133) and of the species here described.
142 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Chitonotus megacephalus.
D. Ill, VII I 15-10. A. 15-16. C. 9 I 11 I 9. P. 18. V. I | 3.
Body deepest under origin of first dorsal, thence decreasing regularly
to the caudal peduncle, which at its narrowest part is about two-sevenths
of the greatest depth. Hinder part of head almost quadrangular in sec-
tion, compressed, the compression increasing from the eyes forward.
Head 3 rj-S^^ ; greatest depth 6f times in total length. Greatest
width at gill-covers slightly less than greatest depth.
Eyes large, oval, about 3| times in length of side of head, their lon-
gitudinal diameter exceeding the length of the snout by about five-
twelfths ; the hinder margin of the orbit rather nearer the tip of the
operculum than that of the snout, and the interorbital space very nar-
row, so that the eyes are directed obliquely upwards.
Upper jaw slightly longer than the lower, which is received within
it ; posterior extremity of maxillary slightly in front of or beneath the
posterior orbital margin. Teeth in both jaws villiform, sharp, uniform,
in a long but not wide band. Intermaxillaries protractile downwards.
Snout convex longitudinally and transversely.
Nostrils with membranous tubes; the anterior lateral, in a line between
the centre of the eye and the tip of the upper jaw ; the posterior in a
concavity between the extremities of the ascending processes of the pre-
maxillaries and the raised anterior upper orbital margin. Nasal ten-
tacles long but narrow, situated above the anterior nostril and just in
front of the sharp, backward-directed nasal spine. Eye tentacles simi-
lar to nasal tentacle.
Four preopercular spines ; the upper longest, with 2-4 prongs on its
upper side besides the tip ; second horizontal ; third directed down-
wards ; lowest directed downwards and forwards.
Operculum unarmed, its membranous tip vertical with the first ray of
the second half of the first dorsal. An inner and outer pair of spines
behind each eye on top of head, outer spines the larger. Posterior to
these spines a short ridge, ending in a backward-directed spine on back
of head. Area between these spines somewhat concave transversely.
Suborbital ring and stay narrow.
Origin of first dorsal over the commencement of the free horizontal
upi)er border of the operculum. First ray nearly equal in height to the
length of the head, second about two-thirds as long, third shorter than
fourth, a7id separated from it by an interspace twice as long as the others,
the membrane between these rays also deeply notched. Fifth and sixth
rays longer than the fourth or than the following rays, which gradually
diminish, giving the upijer margin of the second part of the spinous dor-
sal a rounded outline. Central rays of second dorsal about half as long
as the head. Anal similar to second dorsal.
Pectoral fanlike, its base very oblique, parallel with the hinder mar-
gin of the operculum, its longest rays about equal to four-fifths of the
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 143
head and reaching backwards to the second anal ray. Lower rays very
short.
Middle ray of ventral rather longer than the first, considerably longer
than the third, and reaching to the base of the anal papilla. All the
rays of the preceding fins simple.
Caudal nearly straight on its posterior border, the two outer principal
rays simple, the remaining nine once bifurcate. Accessory rays numer-
ous.
Upper part of head and body covered with strongly ctenoid scales,
except a narrow line along each side of dorsal. The scales of lateral
line (about 39) more than twice as long and deep as those above them,
ctenoid on hinder margin, and with a toothed keel near their upper mar-
gin. Lower portion of body scaleless.
Gill-openings continuous ; the membrane emarginate, not attached to
the isthmus. Branchiostegals six.
Males with a long anal papilla, ending in a crescentic stiff, tapering
portion, from the upper side of which, near its tip, springs a long tubu-
lar filament.
Color of upper part of body reddish brown or gray, with obscure
darker transverse bands. Fins dark olivaceous in recent examples,
darkest toward the margins, the pectorals near base and the sides of
the head greenish, thickly dotted with black. In some the dorsal and
anal are lighter.
I have only seen adult males.
This species was first found in the markets of San Francisco in the
summer of 1879, and was noticed by me in a paper published in the Min-
ing and Scientific Press of that city, 1879, in the following terms :
" Some months ago I wrote for publication a description of a small scul-
pin which I named Chitonotus megacephalus, the large-headed mailed-
back. * * * I find that Dr. Steiudachner has got ahead of me, and
has described the same fish from specimens obtained in Puget Sound.
He also gives a figure. From this figure I judge that the form and pro-
portions of the dorsal fin vary considerably. In my specimens the first
spine is exceedingly long, the third quite short, shorter than the fourth,
and as these spines are twice as distant from each other as are any of
the others, and the membrane between them dips down almost to its
base, the fin is practically divided in two. Dr. Steindachner's figure
shows only a slight emargination of the fin, the first spine only slightly
longer than the others, and the spines equidistant."
Professor Jordan, who has handled numerous examples from Puget
Sound, informs me that they agree in every respect with the figure given
by Steiudachner, and that he has no doubt of the distinctness of the
Californian type. In his description Dr. Steiudachner mentions the di-
vision of the dorsal in terms that lead me to suspect that he possessed
both types.
144 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
The name megacephalus, since it has been published along with a diag-
nosis of its leading points of difference from C. pugettensis, must, I pre-
sume, be retained, instead of a more expressive term which might be
drawn from the form of the dorsal fins.
C. megacephalus is tolerably abundant in moderately deep water out-
side the Bay of San Francisco. Specimens numbered 27185 are in the
l!fational Museum.
DEf^flJRIPTlOIVS OF NEW^ FISHES FROM AL.ASKA AND 8IUERIA.
BY TARI.ETON H. BEAN.
Most of the species here described were obtained for the United States
National Museum during the summer of 1880, through the assistance of
the United States Coast Survey schooner Yukon, whose party the writer
was permitted to accompany for the purpose of making collections, more
particularly of fishes and fishery statistics, in Alaska. It would have
been difficult, if not impossible, to secure so valuable a collection of the
fishes in any other way, the Yukon having called at numerous ports
along the major portion of the Alaskan coast as well as at Plover Bay,
Siberia, where several species not elsewhere found were taken. The
whole number of species taken is above 80, and it is due to the Super-
intendent of the United States Coast Survey and to Mr. W. H Dall to
say that their generous help has made this result possible.
In this article, which is simply preliminary to a detailed account, short
notices only are given of fishes which are to be more fully described
hereafter.
Lycodes coccineus n. s.
Museum Catalogue number 27748 ; collector's number (1712).
Big Diomede Island, September 10, 1880.
Br. VI ; D. including half of caudal 87 ; A. including half of caudal
69 ; P. 18 ; V. 3. Posterior two-thirds of tail covered with scales which
are not in contact. Fins and all parts of the body and head scaleless.
The total length of the typical specimen in its fresh state was 19.7
inches (484 millimeters). In its present state of preservation it has
shrunk to 475 millimeters.
The species resembles L. mucosus Rich., but may be readily distin-
guished by its more extensive squamatiou, shorter and deeper head,
stouter tail, more advanced position of ventrals and vent, and by its
coloration; L. mucosus, too, has a lateral line consisting of rounded open
pores, while L. coccineus has simply a few faint, short linear scratches
which are almost imperceptible to the eye. These traces are seen only
on that portion of the skin which has scales.
The greatest height of the body is a little less than half the length of
the head, which constitutes nearly one-fourth of the total length. The
pectoral is twice as long as the intermaxillary and terminates at a dis-
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 145
tance from the vent equal to its own length. The distance of the ven-
trals from the tip of the snout equals one-fifth of the total length. The
dorsal begins over the anterior half of the pectoral ; the anal, under the
twenty-first dorsal ray. The length of the palatine series of teeth
equals half that of the maxilla. The tail is much stouter than in L.
mucosus, resembling that of the species known in this Museum as L.
Vahlii.
Colors (taken from the fresh fish) : The colors are somewhat faded.
Ground -color brown, with red on the lower parts. Pectorals reddish-
brown on the upper half, the lower j)art carmine 5 mottlings of whitish
at base. Nine bluish-white bands on the dorsal. A few irregular
blotches of the same color on the sides. Anal brown mingled with car-
mine ; lijjs similar. The brown of the body is more or less tinged with
carmine everywhere. Under side of head white. The top of the head
and the gill-covers have a few small blotches of whitish. A whitish
blotch about as long as the eye at the upper angle of the gill-opening.
Measurements.
(Taken from the fresh specimen.)
2
Great
Sept.
7748
Diomede,
^ ^ 1.
10, 1880.
Milli-
meters.
lOOths of
length.
Extreme length
484
64
49
51
114
110
84
73
28
7
34
29
00
31
63
39
11
143
331
■10
265
230
27
240
124
63
96
11
VI
87
09
18
a
Body:
13
10
lOJ
''St
Head:
Greatest length
23
17i
15
Greatest width
Wiuth of interorbital area
6
Width of interorbital area on bone
I2
Length of snout
7
Length of palatine series of teeth
6
1
14
Length of intermaxillary
Length of mandible
Distance from snout to orbit
8
Diameter of eye
2i
Dorsal :
Distance from snout
30
Length of base
70
Length of longest ray
7
Anal:
Distance from snout
52
Length of base
47J
53
Longest ray ,
Distance of vent from snout
50^
Pectoral:
Distance from snout
25|
13
Length
Ventral :
Distance from snout
20
Length
^h
Branchiostegals
Anal
Pectoral
Ventral
Proc. Nat. Mus. 81-
-10
June 22, 1881.
146 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Stichaeus ? Rothrocki, n. s.
Seventeen small individuals of the family Sticliceidce were obtained in
Plover Bay and at Cape Lisburne, the largest of them being only 36
millimeters long. The lateral lines are undeveloped, so that I cannot
with certainty decide whether my species is a Stichwus or a Eumeso-
grammns, but the resemblance to Stichceus punctatus appears to me suffi-
ciently great to warrant me in referring it to the same genus.
Catalogue numbers of the types : 27565, Head of Plover Bay, Siberia ;
27580, Port Providence, Plover Bay ; 27573, Cape Lisburne, Alaska, Arc-
tic Ocean.
Br. YI; D. 48-49; A. I, 34-35; V. I, 4; P. 15; C. 21.
The height of the body equals the length of the head without the
snout, and is contained 6 times in the total length without caudal. The
length of the head is contained 4^ times in total without caudal. Snout
subconical, equal to eye, which is ^ as long as the head. Distance be-
tween the eyes equals length of snout. The maxilla reaches the vertical
through the anterior margin of the pupil. The nostrils are midway be-
tween the eye and the end of the snout. The dorsal begins in the ver-
tical through the upper axil of the pectoral, and is connected by a low
membrane with the caudal. The anal begins under the 14th dorsal
spine, and, like the dorsal, is subcontinuous with the caudal. The pec-
toral is comparatively short and broad, its length being equal to the
height of the body, and to that of the head without the snout. Vent-
rals short, only ^ as long as the head and less than half as long as the
pectorals; they are placed very close together. The distance of the
vent from the snout is contained nearly 3 times in the total length with
the caudal. The longest dorsal spines are equal to half the height of
the body. The longest anal rays are about § as long as the longest
spines of the dorsal. The expanded caudal is slightly emarginate, in which
the species differs from S. punctatus and Eumesogramnnus subblfurcatus.
Teeth in the jaws and apparently on the vomer and palatine bones.
Branchiostegal membrane deeply cleft, free from the isthmus.
Colors. — Body very light brown, intermingled with numerous light
spots in three series (supra-lateral, median, and infra-lateral), those of
the median series in some individuals being longer and narrower tl an
those of the other two series. The largest light spots of the supra-la.-
era! series are about f as large as the eye. On the top of the back, tra-
versed by the basis of the dorsal fin, is a series of 10 or 11 whitish
spots, the anterior ones being about as large as the eye. A dark stripe
around the nose, and continued behind the eye to the end of the oper-
culum. A very narrow dark stripe running along the base of the dorsal,
its lower margin seeming to mark the course of the superior lateral line.
In some individuals the origin of each anal ray is marked by a minute
dark point. Body covered with minute scales.
If, as I suspect, the developed form of the species shows but one lat-
eral line running along the whole length of the dorsal and not far re-
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 147
moved from it, this character, combined with the emarginate caudal, will
entitle the species to rank as the representative of a distinct genus for
which the name N'ofogrammns is here proposed.
The species is dedicated to my preceptor in zoology and medicine. Dr.
J. T. Eothrock, of West Chester, Pennsylvania.
Muraenoides mazillaris, n. (?) s.
'? Murcenoidcs fasciatus, (Bl. Schn.)
Catalogue number of the single type specimen 23999, collected in 1872
by Mr. Henry W. Elliott, at Saint Paul Island, Bering Sea.
Br. vi— v; D. 88; A. ii, 43; V. % 1.
This species, as well as M. ornatus Girard, may be at once separated
from 3f. nebulosus Schleg. by its scaleless head.
When the mouth is closed the cleft is very little oblique and the tip
of the lower jaw is in a horizontal through the middle of the eye; the
width of the mouth across the tips of the maxilltie equals the length of
the pectoral and almost one-half the length of the head. The length of
the maxilla equals one-half the distance from the end of the snout to
the beginning of the dorsal. The mandible is as long as the pectoral.
The greatest height of the body slightly exceeds the length of the
head and equals one-seventh of the total length without the caudal; it
equals, also, one-fourth of the distance from the end of the snout to the
beginning of the anal. The length of the head is contained 8J times in
the total length. The width of the interorbital space is a little less than
the diameter of the eye, which equals the length of the snout. The
length of the pectoral equals one-half the height of the body at the
origin of the anal; the greatest width of the fully expanded tin is nearly
equal to the length. The ventral spine is two-thirds as long as the eye.
The greatest height of the dorsal is not far from the origin of the fin,
and equals one half the length of the mandible. The length of the
caudal equals one-half the length of the head. The vent is not far be-
hind the middle of the total length, and is directly under the 43d dorsal
spine.
Colors from the alcoholic specimen : A brown band occupies the whole
interocular space, and is preceded and followed by a whitish band only
one-half as wide. Immediately below the eye a brown band, whose
width equals one half the length of the eye, extends down to the throat;
a whitish band a little wider than the brown one is immediately behind
it. It seems as if the fresh fish may have on this part of the head two
whitish bands with a brown one between them. Back with a series of
11 rounded or oblong light spots, the longest of which is one-half as
long as the head; all of these spots include at the top a rather large
brown spot and below numerous little brown spots. Between the first
and second large light blotches are two very dark spots on the dorsal
membrane, and between the dark spots there is a light one of similar
size. On the sides are about 26 light bands, most of them very distinctly
J 48 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
defined, especially between the gill- opening and the vent. Behind the
vent the bands are not so well marked, and a few small light spots are
in the intervals between them. The ground color of the fish is brown.
The longest light bands are about as long as the head.
I have not seen M. fasciatus, and know it only from the descriptions
and figures. These seem to indicate a species with the maxilla only one-
third as long as the space between the tip of the snout and the begin-
ning of the dorsal, with the ventrals little developed and with the head
less than one- tenth of the total length. Jf. maxillaris has a much longer
maxilla, a wider mouth (measured over the tips of the maxillse with the
mouth closed), well developed and separate ventrals, and the head
nearly one-eighth of the total length.
Liparis gibbus, n. s.
This is a species resembling L.fahricii Kroyer and L. tunicata Ehdt.
in its dorsal and anal ray -formulae; but it shows imi)ortant differences
from both.
From L. fahricii it may be at once distinguished by its smaller eye
(one-fourth as long as the head) and its depressed snout (the distance
from the angle of the mouth to the base of the anterior nostril being-
less than one-half the greatest depth of the head). It diflers from L.
tunicata in having (1) a larger eye, (2) a much smaller number of pec-
toral rays, (3) a much smaller number of unarticulated dorsal and anal
rays.
In preparing the description, I have made use of the following
specimens :
24010 (1203), Unalashka, W. H. Dall (1 specimen).
24047, Saint Paul Island, 1872, H. W. Elliott (1 specimen).
2G625 (1654), off" Cape Tchaplin, Siberia, 1880, Dall & Bean (1 speci-
men).
27535 (1722), Plover Bay, Siberia, 1880, Dall & Bean (1 specimen).
27545 (1638) Plover Bay, 1880, Dall & Bean (2 specimens).
Of these number, 24047 is in the best state of preservation, the lax
integument being largely or partly separated from the body in most of
the other individuals. I have examined number 27535 most closely to
learn the structure of the fins, and find that it has 44 dorsal rays, of
which only the first 12 are not articulated ; the anal has 36 rays, only the
first one being unarticulated; the pectoral has 35 rays, and the caudal
12. The radial formulse of the other examples are as follows:
24010, D. 38 -f; A. 29+.
24047, D. 42; A. ca. 32.
26625, D. 41 ; A. ca. 33.
27545a, D. 42; A. 35.
27545&, D. 42; A. ca. 34.
The dorsal and anal are connate with the caudal, the free portion of
the caudal being only about one-third as long as the head. The great-
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 149
est width of the head is nearly equal to its greatest length and exceeds
its greatest depth. The interocular region is shallow concave, and the
vertex and nape are somewhat elevated. The snout is obtuse and mod-
erately depressed. The body is rather abrnbtly compressed at the vent,
where its thickness equals only one-third of the length of the head.
The anterior dorsal rays are regularly graduated, and much shorter
than the rays in the middle of the fin. The longest dorsal ray is one-
half as long as the head. The length of the eye is contained 4 times
in that of the head, which equals one-fourth of the total length with
caudal. The length of the snout equals one-third of that of the head.
The nostrils are tubular, the anterior pair having much the longer
tubes, their distance from each other equaling the length of the eye.
The maxilla extends to below the anterior margin of the pupil. Denti-
tion as in L. fdbricii. The ventral disk is nearly circular, its length
contained 8 to 8J times in the total length. The distance of the dorsal
from the snout equals nearly one-third of the total length without the
caudal. The length of the caudal equals about one-seventh of the total
length. The greatest height of the body equals the length of the head.
The pectoral extends to the origin of the anal.
Colors of specimen 26625 taken from the living fish.
(Dredged oft" Indian Point (Cape Tchaplin), E. Siberia, Behring Strait,
August 15, 1880.)
Upper parts gray, punctulated with brown ; on the top of the snout
and on head and back, as far as beginning of dorsal, two concentric
stripes or elongated rings of brown inclosing gray areas; similar stripes
along side of head, and extending back to near middle of body; also on
posterior part of body; between these long stripes are two irregular
rings of brown inclosing gray; a brown stripe along lower part of head
and body, blending into a wider area of brown of the lower parts; belly
yellow on the sides, and punctulated with brown; iris brown, mingled
with a little vermilion; pupil has a yellow margin; fins brown and
liunctulated ; a dark band at caudal base; snout whitish on top.
A more common pattern of coloration is the following:
Head and body very light brown or gray intermingled with brown;
belly and under surface of head lighter; dorsal and anal with some
irregular dark markings simulating bands; caudal with three dark
bands ; sometimes the posterior half of the body is mottled with dark
blotches.
Cottus humilis, u. s.
Museum number 27972; collector's number (1700). Chamisso Island,
Eschscholtz Bay, August 31, 1880.
D. X, 16 ; A. 13 , V. I, 3 ; P. 18 ; Br. VI.
Head broad, subtriangular, much depressed, contained 2f times in
total length, caudal included. Greatest depth of head contained 2|
times in its greatest length. Eye equal to interocular space, contained
twice in length of snout and 4 times in postorbital portion of head to
160 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
end of opercular flap. Whole upper surface of head covered with small
skinny tubercles. Vomerine patch of teeth very large.
Two strong spines above the snout, an obtuse prominence above each
orbit and a pair on the occiput. In large individuals there is a tendency
towards division and enlargement of the prominences and their exten-
sion, so as to form imperfect keels on the vertex. Behind the supra-
orbital prominences are several radiating sharp ridges similar to those
of C. polyacanthocephalus. Interocular space concave. There is also a
depression on the vertex, becoming narrower j)osteriorly. Three pre-
opercular spines, the uppermost being longest and equal to the eye in
length. The longest dorsal spine (fourth) is half as long as postorbital
part of head, or slightly more. The length of the maxillary bone is
contained 2^ times in the length of the head. End of maxilla reaches
slightly past hind margin of eye. The ventrals when extended straight
backwards are equal to their distance from the beginning of the anal.
The pectorals reach the vertical from the beginning of the soft dorsal.
Skin above the lateral line with a single series of rough bony tubercles
which are finely toothed and sometimes depressed in the centre. A
few similar but smaller spiny tubercles below the lateral line.
The dorsals are separated by a short interspace. The spinous dorsal
begins in a line with the upper axil of the pectoral. The longest ray of
the second dorsal is contained 4 times in the distance from the tip of
the snout to the beginning of the second dorsal. Tail little rounded,
contained 5^ times in total length without caudal.
Colors of the alcoholic specimen : Purplish brown above, whitish be-
low. First dorsal has two broad, oblique dark bands separated by a
light area. Second dorsal has about 5 dark bands, anal about 6. The
pectorals have about 4 interrupted bands ; the caudal has 3. Ventrals
whitish, faintly tinged in two areas with dark color. Sides with a few
white blotches ; a larger individual has, also, some small white blotches
on the belly.
Length of type 240 millimeters (9^ inches). inches
Length of head 3. 4
Length of snout 8
Greatest height of body 1. 5
Least height of tail 4
Greatest width of body 1. 6
Width of interocular space 5
Long diameter of eye 5
Length of fourtli dorsal spine 9
Length of fifth dorsal ray 1.2
Length of sixth anal ray 9
Length of pectoral 1. 9
Length of ventral 1. 3
Length of caudal 1. 4
Length of maxilla 1. 4
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 151
Cottus niger, n. a.
Museum numbers 23929, 27952, and 27971. Collector's numbers
(1621), (1622), (1623), (1624), (1625).
St. Paul Island, Bering Sea, 1872 (H. W. Elliott), and August 6,
1880 (Dall & Bean, from Mr. Armstrong).
Br. VI ; D. IX, 15-17 ; A. 11-13 ; V. i, 3 ; P. 16-17.
Two very blunt prominences above the snout entirely enveloped in
the skin in a specimen 10 inches long. No spines above the orbits or
on the occiput. The spines at the upper angle of the preopercle are
the only ones that are not covered up in the skin, and these are almost
hidden. The two uppermost preopercular spines are the only sharp
ones present. Top of head covered with fine skinny granulations and
the vertex with numerous slender tentacles. The place of the supraor-
bital spine is occupied by a soft tentacle of moderate length. The long-
est ijreopercular spine is as long as the eye, which is ^ as long as the
head to the end of the opercular spine, and equal to the width of the
space between the eyes. Snout equals length of orbit. Jaws equal, the
lower not at all received within the upper. Maxilla, longer than fourth
dorsal spine, equals one-half length of head to end of opercular spine,
and extends to hind margin of orbit. Head one-third, or slightly less
than one-third of total length, caudal included. Longest dorsal spine
is contained 7 to 9 times in total with caudal. The longest anal ray is
contained about 3 times in length of head. Caudal and ventral equal
to one-half length of head. Pectoral as long as post-orbital part of head
and does not reach the vent, which is in the middle of the total length
with caudal. Caudal rounded. Height of body at origin of dorsal is a
little less than its width at the base of the pectorals and is contained from
5 to 6 times in total length, caudal included. The spinous dorsal begins
at a distance from the tip of the snout equal to one-third of the total
length without caudal. Skin smooth.
Colors of the alcoholic specimens : Very dark brown (almost black)
with a purplish tinge in some individuals ; sides mottled with lighter
brown and whitish and frequently bearing large, roundish white
blotches similar to those of the male G. gronlandicus. These white
blotches in some instances become confluent over the greater portion
of the belly. Posterior surface of the pectoral with white blotches
near the margin in some examples, and uniform dark brown in others.
There is no individual that is entirely free from white blotches. In
some examples the belly is dark, very little mingled with whitish. Lips
and lower surface of head in some examples have numerous nearly
black spots, the largest of which are not more than one-third as long as
the eye. The largest of the types is 10 inches long.
Cottus niger has many points of resemblance to C. Brandti Steind., but
there are too many important discrepancies to allow me to identify it
with Steindachner's species. (1) the length of the head is not more than
^ of total length with caudal in any of our li examples ; (2) the vomer-
152 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
ine, intermaxillary, and mandibulary teeth are all of equal size and
strength ; (3) the distance between the eyes measured on the bone is
always equal to the length of the eye (f of length of eye in Brandti) ;
(4) there are no prominent occipital ridges such as are figured in C.
Brandti^ but the vertex has numerous slender filaments ; (5) the length
of the ventral is ^ that of the head (f in G. Brandti) ; (6) the length of
the caudal is nearly twice as great as the distance of the front margin
of the eye from the tip of the jaws; (7) the bony plates of the lateral
line are so thin and soft that they are inconspicuous under the skin ;
(8) the ventrals of G. niger are always either purplish dark-brown with
whitish tips, or whitish with several dark bands. There are white
blotches on all our examples notwithstanding the great variation in size.
Cottus verrucosus, u. s.
27547 (1638). Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880, T. H. Bean.
Br. VI; D. XI, 16; A. 15; V. I, 3; P. 17; C. 12 (developed rays).
Length of the typical specimen 3^ inches (88 millimeters).
Two sharj) spines above the snout. A short tentacle above the pos-
terior part of each orbit and one on each side of the vertex. Vertex and
interorbital space deeply concave. Crown, nape, and interorbital region
with small skinny warts. Three preopercular spines, the uppermost
being as long as the short diameter of the eye. Eye equals snout which
is ^ as long as the head to the end of the opercular spine. Lower jaw
barely included within the uj^per. The maxilla is longer than the fourth
dorsal spine, which is only a little longer than the eye and less than ^
as long as the head. The maxilla equals I of the total length without
the caudal, and nearly J the length of the head ; it extends to below the
middle of the eye. The mandible extends to the hind margin of the eye;
its length equals ^ the distauce from the tip of the snout to the begin-
ning of the dorsal. The head is J of the total length with caudal. Teeth
in the jaws and on the vooier. The longest dorsal spine equals the
longest anal ray and j^ of the total length with caudal. The length of
the ventral equals ^ of the total length without the caudal. The vent
is slightly in advance of the middle of the length with caudal. The
pectoi-al reaches to the origin of the anal. The caudal is ^ as long as the
head. The height of the body al the beginning of the dorsal is con-
tained 4 J times in the total length without the caudal, and is a little
greater than its greatest width. The distance of the first dorsal from
the tip of the snout equals about t^ of the total length without the caudal.
Skin smooth. Lateral line with numerous short accessory branches
extending upward and downward and i)laced exactly opposite each
other.
Colors of the alcoholic specimen : Upper parts very dark brown ; belly
and under surface of head whitish ; whitish on the sides along and behind
the anal fin ; spinous dorsal colored like the body but with a median
and a posterior light band ; soft dorsal with about five dark-brown bands
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 153
alternating with whitish ; caudal whitish on its anterior third, the rest
of the fin having brown on the skin covering the fin-rays ; the pectoral
has five brown bands; the anal is all whitish except a dark stripe run-
ning through near its middle ; the ventrals are whitish.
Gymnacanthus galeatus, n. 8.
Museum catalogue number 28097; collector's number (1003), Five
individuals were caught on a trawl-line at Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 30,
1880, for Messrs. Dall & Bean, by Sylvanus Bailey.
As these specimens differ in several important details from our ex-
amijles of G. pisUlMger from the Atlantic and from Siberia as well, I will
briefly indicate the differences and call attention to them by giving the
species a new name.
The smallest example is 7f inches long ; the largest, lOJ inches.
Br. YI; D. XI, 16-17; A. 19; V. I, 3; P. 19-20.
No vomerine teeth. Two small spines above the snout ; a small tuber-
cle at the upper posterior margin of each orbit. Four preopercular
spines, the upj^er as long as the short diameter of the eye, bearing two
or three antler-like processes. The space between the eyes is deeply
concave and compleiely covered by aggregated bony granulations, as are
also the crown and the neck. Similar bony granulations are at the hind
margin of the orbit, on the suborbital ridge, and on the opercles. The
body is naked. The pectorals and, in males, the ventrals reach beyond
the origin of the anal ; in females the ventrals do not reach the vent.
Dorsals and pectorals with interrupted black bands as in G. pistiUiger ;
ventrals and anal uniform whitish ; back with four distinct brown spots,
the longest nearly twice as long as the eye, extending a little below the
lateral line, and there blending into an interrupted wavy brown lateral
stripe. The maxilla extends to below the middle of the eye. The great-
est height of the body is contained, tivice in the length of the head., and 7J
times in the total length including the caudal. Pectoral as long as the
head without ihe snout, its upper axil immediately under the beginning
of the spinous dorsal.
Gymnacanthus galeatus may be at once distinguished from G. pistilliger
by its longer and more bony head and its elongate form. I have com-
pared it with specimens of G. pistilliger from Norway, Cumberland Gulf,
and Eastern Siberia.
Hemilepidotus Jordaui, n. s.
Museum number 27598; collector's number (1602).
Length of larger type, 13 inches ; smaller, 10^ inches.
Taken at Iliuliuk, Unalashka Island, on a trawl -r.ne, by Sylvanus
Bailey, July 30, 1880.
Larger, D. X, i, 21 ; A. 17 ; Y. i, 4.
Smaller, D. X, i, 21 ; A. 10 ; Y. i, 4.
The dorsal band of scales contains 4 rows at the widest part (6 rows
in spinosus).
154 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Height of body 1| times in length of head, and 4J times in total length
without caudal. Length of head 2| times in length of fish without caudal.
Eye equals snout and one-fourth of head. Interorbital space equals
short diameter of eye (only half of short diameter in spinosus).
Distance of spinous dorsal from tip of snout equals length of pectoral
(the pectoral is much shorter in spinosus).
First si)ine of dorsal equals maxilla in length (only half as long as
maxilla in spinosus). Longest dorsal spine (5th) is contained 2J times
in length of head (4 times in spinosus).
Pectoral reaches to origin of anal ; ventral, nearly or quite to vent.
Maxilla extends slightly behind middle of eye ; mandible, to posterior
margin of eye.
Throat and belly pure white. No spots as in trachurus.
Hexagrammus scaber, n. (?)s.
f Hexagammus supereiliosus (Pall.)
In the collection of Alaskan fishes are two small individuals of the
genus Rexagrammus, which I cannot refer definitely to any known spe-
cies. They are nearest to H. supereiliosus Pallas, but, as we have none
of the young of this species, I must compare them with half-grown ex-
amples. From these and from the adult my species differs (1) in hav-
ing a rudimentary but quite distinct median lateral line, (2) in the
absence of palatine teeth, (3) in having a forked caudal, whereas super-
eiliosus has a distinctly rounded caudal. It may be found that a large
series of specimens of different ages will show a gradation into super-
eiliosus by the acquisition of palatine teeth, the obsolescence of the me-
dian lateral line, and a change in the form of the caudal ; but there is
nothing to base such a conclusion upon at present, and I desire to call
attention to the form by describing it as probably new.
The types are numbered 23961, Amchitka, W. H. Dall, and 27920,
Unalashka, T. H. Bean, The first measures 2-.^^ inches and the second
2-n) inches to the base of the middle caudal rays.
239G1— D. XX, 25; A. 23; V. i, 5; L. lat. about 100; 6 lateral lines.
27920— D. XXI, 25; A. 24; V.i, 5; L. lat. about 107 ; L. transv. about
50; C lateral lines.
In this description number 27920 is taken for the principal type, since,
being a more recent specimen, it shows the characters more clearly.
Body oblong, moderately compressed, its depth near the origin of
the dorsal equals the length of the head (excluding the opercular flap)
and is contained 4 J times in the total length to the base of the middle
caudal rays; upi^er outline of head convex, but with a slight frontal de-
pression. The least height of the tail equals one-half the length of the
head, or one-ninth of the total length to base of caudal.
The distance between the eyes is contained three times in the length
of the head. The snout is blunt and only two-thirds as long as the eye,
which is one-third as long as the head and equals the interorbital dis-
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 155
tance. Jaws equal. The maxilla does not quite reach to below the
anterior margin of the pupil, and is one-third as long as the head. The
mandible extends to below the middle of the eye and is contained 10
times in the total length to base of middle caudal rays. A tentacle
above each orbit. Teeth in the jaws and in the vomer; none on the
palatine bones.
The spinous dorsal originates immediately over the base of the pec-
toral; its longest spine is one-eleventh as long as the fish without the
caudal. The longest ray of the second dorsal equals the length of the
post-orbital part of the head. The dorsals are separated by a deep
notch, immediately under which the anal originates.
The length of the anal base equals one-third of total length without
the caudal. The vent is equidistant from the tij) of the snout and the
base of the middle caudal rays.
The middle caudal rays are only § as long as the longest rays, the
caudal being decidedly forked.
The distance of the pectoral from tip of snout equals one-fourth of
the total length to base of middle caudal rays ; the pectoral does not
quite reach to the vent ; its length equals that of the head including the
opercular flap.
The distiince of the ventral from the snout is slightly more than twice
the length of the ventral, which is one seventh of the total length to
base of middle caudal rays.
There are 6 lateral lines on each side, the uppermost of which meets
its fellow of the opposite side in front of the dorsal, is continued for-
ward on the nape by a single short line, runs backwards close to the
dorsal, base and ends at about the beginning of the last third of the soft
dorsal. The second begins on the nape, is one-half as far from the up-
permost as it is from the third, and extends to the caudal. The third
begins at the extreme upper limit of the gill-opening, curves very grad-
ually to follow the dorsal outline until it reaches the end of the second
dorsal, whence it runs straight out on the caudal. The fourth begins a
little above the pectoral, curves very slightly down ward and disappears
about the middle of the body ; it is not so well developed as the rest.
The fifth originates close under the pectoral, near the gill-opening,
passes above the ventral and on the lower part of the side of the body,
ending at about the beginning of the last third of the anal. The sixth
meets its fellow of the opposite side a little behind the ventral base (a
single line extending forward from this junction on the median line of
the belly as far as the throat) and runs backward close to the base of the
anal fin, ending on the caudal. The scales are everywhere very rough.
Colors : Each of the dorsals has 3 black blotches, smaller than the
eye, resembling bands but not extending to the bases of the fins. The
pectorals, ventrals, and anal are uniform yellowish white. The body is
light brown above and silvery or golden on the sides and lower parts.
156 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Coregonus laurettae, n. s.
Among the fishes brought down from uortberu Alaska during the
summer of 1880 are 4 white fish taken at Point Barrow by the U. S. S.
Thomas Cor win, Capt. C. L. Hooper commanding, and one of the same
species obtained at Port Clarence, by the U. S. Sch. Yukon. The mu-
seum catalogue numbers of these specimens are :
27G95. Point Barrow, 1880, (4 examples).
27915. Port Clarence, 1880, (1 example).
The species is allied to G. Artedi Le Sueur and to (C.) lucidus Eich-
ardson. It differs from C. Artedi in the following particulars:
(1) The eye is } as long as the head (| in Artedi) ;
(2) The length of the dorsal base corresponds with that of 16 oblique
smes of scales immediately under it (10 in Artedi) ;
(3) The length of the mandible is contained 2^ times in that of the
head (2J times in Artedi) ',
(4) The lateral line runs through 84 to 95 scales (not more than 77 in
Artedi) ; there are 10 scales in a transverse series from the origin of the
dorsal to the lateral line and as many from the origin of the ventral to
the lateral line ( 9-9 in Artedi) ;
(5) The ventral has 12 rays (11 in Artedi).
From C. lucidus it is separated by the following characters :
(1) There are lingual teeth (none in lucidus) ;
(2) The ventral appendages are less than one-half as long as the ven-
tral (more than one-half in lucidus) ;
(3) The transverse rows of scales between the origins of dorsal and
ventral and the lateral line are 10-10 (10-8 in lucidus) ;
(4) The lower jaw is contained 2-J times in length of head (2 J times in
lucidus according to Richardson's measurements) ;
(5) Judging from the figure given by Richardson the number of rows
of scales under the dorsal base of my sijecies is 6 greater than in lucidus.
DESCRIPTION.
Br. IX— X; D. 11—12 divided rays; A. 10—11 divided rays; V. 12;
P. 16 ; L. lat. 84-95 ; length of types 12—16 inches.
The height of the body is greater than the length of the head and
equals one-fourth of the total length without the caudal ; the distance
of the nape from the front margin of the jaw is contained 2J times in
its distance from the beginning of the dorsal. The diameter of the eye
equals the length of the snout and about \ that of the head. Maxillary
reaches nearly to the middle of the eye, its length contained 3^ times in
that of the head ; the supi)lemental bone is slightly more than half as
long as the maxilla and its greatest width equals ^ of its length. The
length of the mandible equals f of that of the head, reaching to the hind
margin of the orbit. The appendage of the ventral fin is less than half as
long as the fin and nearly equal in length to the 7 scales immediately
over it.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 157
This white-fish is also represented in the National Museum by two
well-preserved specimens (Nos. 24023 and 24024) collected by William
H. Dall, March 12 and March 19, 1867 (collector's numbers 666 and 672),
at Nulato on the Yukon Eiver.
I dedicate the species to my wife, Lauretta H. Bean.
Ptilichthys, n. g. (Mastaeemhelidce ?)
Body elongate, serpen tiform, apparently covered with very thin scat-
tered scales. Mandible little movable, projecting, with a skinny ap-
pendage at tip. Cleft of the mouth narrow. Minute teeth in a single
series in the jaws, becoming larger and slightly curved posteriorly.
Margin of upper jaw formed entirely by the iutermaxillaries. Maxilla
curved forward below. The gill-opening extends up to the middle of
the base of the pectoral ; the membrane is slightly emarginate behind
and is free from the isthmus; 4 gills, a slit behind the fourth. Gill-
rakers stout and short, moderate in number. Spinous portion of the
dorsal consisting of many isolated spines, a narrow membrane behind
each. Soft dorsal and anal with many rays. End of the tail free. Ven-
trals none.
Ptilichthys Goodei, n. s.
Museum number 26619, collector's number (1590) — Dall and Bean.
Dredged in 10 fathoms at the entrance to Port Levasheff, Unalashka,
on the ridge, hard bottom, by Sylvanus Bailey, July 28, 1880.
I am indebted to the Alaska Commercial Company of San Francisco
for the loan of the only other known specimen, an example 302 milli-
meters long taken at Unalashka. Length of type 160 millimeters. The
species is dedicated to my colleague, Mr. G. Brown Goode.
Br. V ; D. XC, 145 ; A. ca. 185 ; P. ca. 12.
Greatest height of body equals the post-ocular part of the head. Eye,
equal to snout, 5 in head. Head 15J times in total length. Maxilla
extends to a little beyond the front margin of the orbit ; mandible to
middle of the eye. The mandibulary appendage is one-half as long as
the eye. The dorsal begins slightly in advance of the pectoral; the
spinous portion equals 6^ times the length of the head. The distance
from the tip of the lower jaw to the anus equals 4§ times the length of
the head. The anal begins under the fifty-third sphie of the dorsal.
The pectoral is half as long as the head. None of the dorsal spines
are quite equal to half the length of the eye. The soft dorsal and the
anal are highest near the middle of their length ; the height of each
equals about f of the body height at the same point. The free caudal
tip is about f as long as the eye.
Raia parmifera, n. s.
Collector's number (1753); Museum number 27051.
Taken at Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 12, 1880, and preserved almost
entire after measurements and color notes were made.
158 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Disk broader than long; tip of snout slightly projecting. Anterior
margin of pectorals convex in front, then shallow concave, posterior
margin convex. Interorbital distance, measured on the bone, is con-
tained 3^ times in distance from tip of snout to a line connecting the
front margins of the orbits. Interocular space deeply concave in the
preserved specimen.
Breadth of disk equals distance from tip of tail to shoulder-girdle.
Length of tail equals distance from its root to middle of eye.
Tail nearly flat below with a well-marked lateral fold which is widest
posteriorly, but nowhere equals the height of the caudal. Caudal small,
its height (7™'") contained 3 times in its length (21™™).
Mouth slightly arched, its width equal to 3 times the length of first dor-
sal base. Nasal flaps with a few fringes posteriorly. Distance between
nostrils contained 1^ times in their distance from tip of snout. Teeth
in 26 or 27 rows, with a short, moderately sharp median cusp, which is
occasionally much worn in the front of the jaws.
The largest spiny bucklers on the back are 17 millimeters long at the
base.
Snout above, supra-occipital region and the whole margin of pectorals
and ventrals covered with small prickles, as is also an area along the
tail, especially on its anterior half. Along the middle of the back and
the top of the tail is a row of 29 large spines. Between the dorsals is
a single large spine. Along the sides of the tail are spines a little larger
than those around the margin of the disk. The greater portion of the
disk is smooth. In a male, number 28098, of which we have portions
only, the bucklers are in about 22 rows, with 6 in a row at the widest
part; the claspers are slender and more than one-half as long as the tail.
Under surface smooth, with the exception of an elliptical patch of
small spines near the tip of the snout.
General color olive-brown above. There are numerous indistinct light
blotches on the disk, two of them larger than the rest ; the largest is
twice as long as the eye, and surrounds an inner blotch of white nearly
as long as the eye. There are two small light blotches, one on each side
of the tail, between the 17th and 18th spines of the median series.
Measurements.
Current number of specimen <
Locality <
(1753)
27651 ?
TJnalashk.a,
Oct. 12, 1880.
Millimeters.
Extreme length
Length of disk
Body :
Gi c.atest width of disk
Givatcst width of tail at base* . . .
Lcui;th of branchial area
Width of branchial area in front .
Width of branchial area behind. .
975
507
685
47
70
196
136
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 159
Measuremen ts — C ontinued.
Head:
Distance between outer edges of spiracles
Greatest width of raoutli
Width of iuterorbital area on the bone
Length of snout from eye
Length of eye
Length of snout from mouth
Length of spiracles
Distaii ce from snout to first dorsal
Distance between outer humeral spines
Dorsal :
Length of base of first dorsal
Height of first dorsal
Interval between dorsals
Length of second dorsal
Height of second dorsal
Length of base of ventrals
Distance from snout to end of base of pectoral .
Distance between outer edges of nostrils
Distance from snout to outer angle of disk
Caudal :
Length of base
Height
' Ventral :
Length
Millimeters.
119
105
48
153
30
140
32
875
125
32
24
16
30
26
134
510
90
463
21
7
68
* Taken where the ventral insertion ends.
Ammoccetes aureus, n. s.
? Fetromyzon Fluvialis Rich. Franklin's First Journey, 1823, p. 70.^; F. B. A.,
p. 294.
? Fetromyzon borealis Grd, Pacific R. R. Report, Fishes, p. 377 (without descrip-
tion).
Maxillary tooth single, bicuspid ; marKlibulary with seven cusps, those
at the ends being larger than the other five. Head shorter than the
space occupied by the branchial openings and contained 10^ times in
the total length (5^ times in the distance from the end of the lip to the
beginning of the first dorsal). The distance from the eye to the first
dorsal is 3 times as long as the first dorsal base. Second dorsal base is
twice as long as the first, and the fin is twice as high as the first at its
highest part. The interspace between the dorsals is about § as long
as the head. The distance from the vent to the end of the tail is one-
fourth of the total length. Eye nearly twice as large as the largest
branchial opening.
Colors of the alcoholic example : Back plumbeous, sides and belly
golden yellow, under surface of head and neck silvery.
Length of type, 15 inches ; catalogue number, 21524 ; collector's num-
ber, 1038, Anvik, Yukon River, Alaska, Lucien M. Turner (Lat. 63° N.,
Lon. 160° W. from Greenwich). Mr. Turner notes that it is extremely
abundant and is used for food.
U. S. National Museum, May 5, 1881.
160 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
J>ES€RIl»TIOIV OF A NEW SPECIES OF FISH, APOOOIV FAIVDIOIVIS,
FROITI TME DEEP IVATER OFF THE inOVTH OF CHESAPEAKE
BAV.
BY G. BKOWW OOODE AND TARL.ET01V H. BEAIV.
Among the fishes collected in October, 1880, by Capt. Z. L. Tauner,
on the Fish Commission steamer Fish Hawk, off the entrance to Chesa-
peake Bay, is a single specimen of a species of Apogon, apparently new
to science. The specimen being somewhat mutilated, this description
is necessarily incomplete.
Apogon pandionis, new species. Goode and Bean.
Body oblong, rather robust, its greatest width (behind the gills) being
equal to half the length of the head, and contained six times in the
length of body without caudal ; its greatest height contained about
thrice and two-thirds in the body length. Least height of tail almost
equal to half the greatest height of the body. Scales, small cycloid,
forty -five in the lateral line ; three longitudinal rows above and nine
below the lateral line ; lateral line complete.
Length of head one-third of standard length of body, its greatest
width equal to greatest width of body. Length of snout four and one-
half times in length of head. Maxilla extends to a point a very little
behind the anterior margin of the pupil, the mandible to the vertical
from the middle of the eye. Length of maxilla equal to long diameter
of the eye. Preoperculum apparently unarmed. Operculum with two
flexible points near its upj^er posterior angle. Gill-rakers very long
and slender.
Eye nearly circular, its longest diameter nearly equals half the length
of the head and is contained seven times in the standard body length
nearly horizontal. Width of interorbital space equals two-thirds the
diameter of the eye. Mouth oblique, the lower jaw projecting. Denti-
tion in jaws hardly perceptible. Feeble teeth on the head of the vomer
and on the palatine bones.
Distance of dorsal from snout equal to twice the greatest width of the
body ; its longest spine (fourth) equal in length to three-fourths the diam-
eter of the eye. Distance from origin of first dorsal to origin of second
dorsal equal to twice the length of the base of the latter
Distance of anal from snout equal to twice the length of the head ;
the length of its base is equal to two-thirds the length of the eye ; of its
longest ray to the length of the maxilla. First anal spine minute, its
length equal to one-fourth of the least height of the tail ; the second
anal spine at least twice as long as the first. Caudal deeply furcate,
scaled upon the lower portions of the lobes.
Distance of pectoral from snout equal to length of head 5 its length
equal to that of the maxilla.
Distance of ventral from snout slightly greater than one-third of the
standard body length.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 161
Radial formula.—D. VII, I, 9; A. II, 7{; P. 16; V, I, 5.
Scales, in lateral line, 45 ; above lateral line, 3 ; below, 9.
Color nearly uniform light, reddish brown, with no blotches. Scales
finely imiu'lnlate withback. — /
Our description is bashed upon museum specimen ISTo. 26228.
Among the other interesting forms collected in the same locality is a
young specimen of Hoplosteihus mediterraneiis, and also a species of
Scorpcena, soon to be described.
mXITAIililC CASTINGS OF DEIilCATE IVATUBAIi OBJECTS.
[Translated.]
The following process is recommended by Abbass for i^roducing me-
tallic castings of flowers, leaves, insects, &c. The object, a dead beetle
for example, is first arranged in a natural position, and the feet are con-
nected with an oval rim of wax. It is then fixed in the centre of a paper
or wooden box by means of pieces of fine wire, so that it is perfectly free,
and thicker wires are run from the sides of the box to the object, which
subsequently serve to form air-channels in the mold by their removal.
A wooden stick, tapering toward the bottom, is placed upon the back of
the insect to produce a runner for casting. The box i^ then filled up
with a paste of three parts of plaster of Paris, and one of brick-dust,
made up with a solution of alnm and sal ammoniac. It is also well first
to brush the object with this paste to prevent the formation of air bub-
bles. After the mold thus formed has set, the object is removed from
the interior by first reducing it to ashes. It is therefore dried slowly,
and finally heated gradually to a red heat, and then allowed to cool
slowly to prevent the formation of flaws or cracks. The ashes are re-
moved by pouring mercury into the cold mold and shaking it thor-
oughly before pouring it out, and repeating this operation several
times. The thicker wires are then drawn out, and the mold needs sim-
ply to be thoroughly heated before it is filled with metal in order that
the latter may flow into all portions of it. After it has become cold it
is softened and carefully broken away from the casting.
THE OCCURRENCE OF THE CANADA PORCUPINE IN ITIARVIiAND.
By OTTO I.UOOEB.
Referring to the paper on the occurrence of the Canada Porcupine in
West Virginia by Mr. Goode, in Vol. I, Proceedings U. S. National
Museum, page 264, I wish to mention that this Porcupine, EretMzon
dorsaiiis, is still, though rarely, found in Maryland. In the museum
of the Maryland Academy of Sciences is a specimen from AUeghany
Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 11 Aug. 11,1881.
162 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
County, Maryland. Another specimen I saw living in confinement in
the Blue Eidge Mountains, where it was caught two years ago. One
was killed quite recently near Ellicott City, Maryland.
Maryland Academy of Sciences,
Baltimore, May 22, 1881.
NOTC: OJV TBE liATIIiOin OEIVEKA.
By THEODORE OIL.L..
In a late number of the Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum
(Vol. IV, p. 53), Messrs. Jordan and Gilbert have accepted the name
Bekaya instead of Gaulolatilus for a genus of the family Latilidce, with
a foot-note, ^^Gaulolatilus, Gill : nomen nudum.'" In order that the adop-
tion of this view may be at once arrested, it is advisable to give a history
of those names.
In 1862, in the "Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia" (p. 240), the name Gaulolatilus was proposed as the ge-
neric denomination of Latilus chrysops and its allies, in the following
terms :
"The Malacanthini of Poey form a natural family. The Latilus chrys-
ops, VaL, does not, however, appear to be congeneric with the type of
Latilus, but is distinguished by its form and the structure of the fins.
It may be called Gaulolatilus chrysops."
It will be thus seen (1) that the respects in which Gatilolatilus differs
from Latilus were indicated; (2) the relationships were exactly appre-
ciated; (3) a specific type was mentioned. There could consequently
be no doubt as to what was meant nor as to the characters by which it
should be distinguished.
In 1864, in the "Proceedings of the California Academy of Natural
Sciences" (Vol. 3, p. 70), Dr. Cooper proposed the name oi Bekaya for a
supposed new fish, concerning which he had not the slightest concep-
tion as to its proper relationships, considering it "to be a very aberrant
form of the Percoid family, having many of the characters of other
orders" [sic! ], but that on the whole it seemed to be most nearly related
to "the genus Heterognaihodon, of Bleeker." The remarks respecting
the "other orders" and the affinities indicated the most complete mis-
apprehension as to the type. The description was equally at fault.
The "general shape" was said to be "elongated and fusiform," although
a shape less "fusiform" could scarcely be associated with moderate
elongation. In other respects the description was faulty and erroneous
or vague, but these lapses need not detain longer.
The question arises in such a case. What is the advantage of any de-
scription? According to the rules of the British and American associa-
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 163
tions for the advancement of science, a description is necessa.ry as the
basis of permanent nomenclature, but like many of the other rules pro-
pounded in those codes, there is no proper logical basis therefor. If a
description is necessary, it is necessary that the description should be
apt, but, as every naturalist is well aware, the description is completely
ignored in XDractice. We adopt, for example, the name Perca and many
others from Linnaeus and his successors, but inasmuch as those names
were applied by older naturalists to forms that are now relegated to
distinct families, it will be obvious that no regard whatever is paid to
the definitions. This is recognized to such an extent that it is now ad-
mitted that a definition is only necessary to show that the writer had
some idea as to what he was treating about. In the case in question,
(1), on the one hand, it is evident from the words that the author of
Caulolatilus did have an adequate idea as to both what he was writing
of and as to the true distinctions of the fish considered, and (2), on the
other hand, that the author of the name Bckaya had not the least con-
ception of the nature of the form he described, and that the name orig-
inated simply from an almost inexcusable blunder and ignorance of the
subject he ventured to write upon. There would therefore seem to be
no doubt that in any case the name Caulolatilus should be retained in
preference to Belaya. But it so hajipens that there is no comj^licatiou
in the consideration of the choice of names even from the extreme stand-
point from which it is viewed by Messrs. Jordan and Gilbert. The name
Delcaya is iuadmi'Ssible as the denomination of the Latilold fish, if for no
other reason, because the same name under the form Delcayia had been
applied previously by Messrs. H. Milne Edwards and Haime to a genus
of Corals of the family Chwtetidce. (Dekayia, H. Milne Edicards et J.
Haime, Monographic des Polypiers fossiles des Terrains Palseozoiques in
Archives du Museum d' Histoire Xaturelle, t. 5, p. loi, 1851; H. Milne
Edwards, Histoire ivTaturelle des Corallaires ou Polypes proprement dits,
t. 3, p. 283, 1860.)
The history of the genus may therefore be epitomized as follows :
Caulolatilus.
Sy7ionym}/.
=Caulolatilus GUI, Proc. Acaci. Nat. Sci. Phila., [v. 14, ] p. 240, 1862. (Characters indi-
cated.)
=Dekaya Cooper, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. 3, p. 70, 1864. (Described, but errone-
ously, and name preoccupied by Edwards and Haime in 1851.)
=CauIolatilus Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., [v. 17,] p. 66, 1865. (Fully de-
scribed. — Adopted by Cooper (later), Poey, Bleeker, Goode and Bean, Jordan
& Gilbert (at first.)
=Dekaya Jordan ^- Gilhert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v. 4, p. 53, 1880. (Name revived for
Caulolatilus. )
latilus sp. Cuv. et Val., Giinther, etc.
Type Caulolatilus chrysops= Latilus clirysops 0. & V.
164 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
The following genus is very nearly allied, viz :
Peolatilus.
Sijnonymy.
=Prolatilu8 Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., [v. 17,] p. 67, 1865.
latilus sp. Guv. & Val., Jenyns, GUnther, etc.
Type Prolatilus jugularis=Latilus jugularis C. & V.
Apparently closely related to Prolatilus is Pinguipes, viz :
PiNGUIPES.
Synonymy.
=Pingmpes Cuv. Sf Val., Hist. Nat. des Poissons, t. 3, p. 277, 1829.
Type Pinguipes hrasilianus C. & Y.
The following genus has been associated with the preceding by all
who have treated of them, save Dr. P. von Bleeker. That ichthyologist
has referred Latilus to the family of ^'Percoidei" and its tenth subfam-
ily, "Spariformes" and "Phalanx Denticini," and removed Gaulolatilus
and Prolatilus from all close relationship therewith. "(Spec, plures
familife Parapercioid. adnumer.)" What are the exact affinities must be
determined by a study of the anatomy.
Latilus.
Synonymy.
<Latilus Cuv. ^- Vol., Hist. Nat. des Poissons, t.5, p. 369, (t,9, p. 495,) 1830.
=L<itilus Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PMla., [v, 17,] p. 67, (by exclusion,) 1865.
=Latilus Bleeker, Archives N6erland. Sc. exactes et nat., 1. 11, p. 279, 1876.
Type Latilus simus=Gorypliwna sima Bl. Schneid.=l/(i^*7Ms argentatus-
G. & V.
To Latilus the following genus seems to be most nearly related, but
whether such is really the case cannot be considered settled till its oste-
ology is examined.
LOPHOLATILUS.
Synonymy.
=Lopliolatilu8 Goode ^- Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v. 2, p. 205, 1879.
Type Lopliolatilus cliamwleonticeps Goode & Bean.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL . MUSEUM. 165
lilST OF SPECIES OF MIODJLE AND SOUTH AMERICAN BIRDS NOT
CONTAINED IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAIi MUSEUM.
By ROBERT RI»C}\%^AY.
[Corrected to July, 1881.]
[None of tlie species named in the following list are at present in the
collection of the United States National Museum, and any of them that
can be supplied by correspondents of the Museum, or of the Smithsonian
Institution, will be very thankfully received.]
Family Turdid^.
Oatharus aurantiirostnis {Rartl.). Venezuela,
mexicanus Bj9. Mexico to Veragua.
mentalis Scl. et Salv. Bolivia,
phoeopleurus Scl. et Salv. Colombia,
alticola Godm. et Salv. Guatemala.
Tardus luridus Bp. Colombia.
fumigatus Licht. Venezuela to Brazil.
fuscater Lafr. et WOrb. Bolivia and Argentine Eepublic.
olivater Lafr. Venezuela.
nigriceps Jelski. Western Peru.
brunneus Lawr. Upper Amazons.
leucops Taczan. Northwestern Peru. '
maranouicus Taczan. Northern Peru.
Margarops sanctse-lucise Scl. Sta Lucia, West Indies.
Harporhynchus ocellatus Scl. Southwestern Mexico.
Mimus dorsalis {Lafr. et cVOrb.). Bolivia.
lividus Licht. Eastern Brazil.
patachonicus [Lafr. et WOrh.). Patagonia and Arg. Eep.
trifasciatus Gould. Galapagos.
parvulus Gould. Galapagos.
Family Ptilogonatid^.
Myiadestes ardesiaceus Less. Brazil.
griseiventer Tschudi. Peru.
montanus Cory. Haiti.
Cichloi)sis leucogonys Cah. Brazil.
Family Sylviid^.
PoUoptila plumbeiceps Lawr. Venezuela.
166 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Family Tkoglodytid^.
Campylorliynclius gularis Scl. Mexico.
nuclialis Cah. Venezuela and Trinidad,
variegatus {Gm.). Brazil.
hypostictus {Gould.) Upper Amazons and Colombia,
bicolor Pelz. Guiana.
Ciunicerthia peruana (Cahan.). Peru.
Cyphorinus modulator {(VOrb.). Amazons.
diclirous Scl. et Salv. Colombia.
Microcerculus bambla (Bodd.). Guiana.
albigularis Scl. Eastern Ecuador,
marginatus Sol. Peru a.ud Colombia,
squamatulus Scl. et Salv. Venezuela,
toeniatus Salv. Western Ecuador.
Thryophilus rufiventris Scl. Interior of Brazil,
minor (Pelz.). Interior of Brazil,
longirostris (Vieill.). Brazil,
nisorius Scl. Mexico,
fulvus Scl. High Peru.
Thryotliorus coraya {Gm.). Guiana and Amazonia.
mystacalis Scl. Western Ecuador and Colombia,,
euophrys Scl. Western Ecuador,
cantator JelsJci. Central Peru,
sclateri Taczan. Northern Peru.
Troglodytes tessellatus Lafr. et d^Orh. Panama to Bolivia.
Cistothorus graminicola JelsJci. Central Peru.
brunneiceps Salv. Western Ecuador,
cequatorialis Later. Ecuador.
Family Motacillid^.
Anthus chii Vieill. Southern Brazil and Uruguay,
nattereri Scl. Southern Brazil,
peruvianus Nicholson. Peru,
calcaratus Taczan. Central Peru.
brevirostris Taczan. Central Peru. ^
Family Mniotiltid^.
Dendroeca eoa Gosse. Jamaica.
Geothlypis speciosa Scl. Eastern Mexico,
semiflava Scl. Ecuador,
chiriquensis Salv. Chiriqui.
Basileuterus hypoleucus Bp. Eastern Brazil.
bivittatus {Lafr. et WOrh.). Costa Eica to Bolivia,
griseiceps Scl. et Salv. Venezuela.
cinereicoUis Scl. Colombia.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 167
Basileuterus mesoleucus Scl. Guiana.
luteoviridis Bp. Colombia.
leucoplirys Natt. Brazil.
euopbrys Scl. et Salv. Bolivia.
cabanisi Berlepsch. Venezuela.
conspicillatus Salv. et Godm. Colombia.
trifasciatus Stolsni. Northern Peru.
striaticeps Caban. Central Peru.
diacblorus Caban. Central Peru.
castaneiceps Scl. et Salv. Western Ecuador.
Setophaga brunneiceps {Lafr. et WOrb:). Bolivia,
ruficoronata Kaup. Ecuador,
albifrons Scl. et Salv. Venezuela,
flaveola {Lafr.). Ecuador,
chrysops Salv. Colombia,
melanocepbala Ischudi. Peru,
castaneocapilla Caban. Guiana.
Granatellus pelzelni Scl. Amazons.
Family Vireonid^.
Hylophilus thoracicus (Max.). Southeastern Brazil and Amazons.
pectoralis Scl. Brazil to Guiana.
muscicapinus Scl. et Salv. Brazil to Guiana.
semibrunneus Lafr. Colombia.
hypoxanthus Pelz. Trinidad, Venezuela, and Amazons.
brunneiceps Scl. Amazons and Guiana.
ferrugineifrons Scl. Colombia and Amazons.
insularis Scl. Tobago.
acuticauda Lawr. Venezuela.
semicinereus Scl. et Salv. Lower Amazons.
fuscicapillus Scl. et Salv. Ecuador.
flaviventris Caban. Western Peru.
Vireolanius eximius Baird. Colombia.
chlorogaster Bp. Amazons.
Cyclorhis albiventris Scl. et Salv. Eastern Brazil,
wiedi Pelz. Southern Brazil,
virenticeps Scl. Western Ecuador,
contrerasi Taczan. Peru,
altirostris Salv. Argentine Eepublic.
Family Dulid^.
Dulus nuchalis Sw. Antilles.
Family Hiruindinidje.
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota ( VieilL). Paraguay, Brazil, and Mexico.
Tachycineta andecola Lafr. et d'Orb. Peru.
168 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Tachycineta leucopygia Stolzm. Northern Peru.
Atticora melanoleuca (Max.). Eastern Brazil.
cinerea {Gm.). Ecuador.
tibialis (Cass.). Peru and Panama.
Cotile fucata [Teram.). Brazil and Argentine Eepublic.
Family Ccerebid^.
Diglossa major Cab. Guiana.
earbonaria {Lafr. et iVOrh.). Bolivia.
gloriosa 8cl. et Salv. Venezuela.
glauca 8cl. et Salv. Bolivia.
I)ectoralis Cdban. Central Peru.
mystacalis Lafr. Andes of Bolivia.
Piglossopis cserulescens 8cl. Venezuela to Ecuador.
Oreomanes fraseri 8cl. Ecuador.
Conirostrum ferrugineiventre Scl. Bolivia,
atrocyanea Lafr. Bolivia,
cyaneum Taczan. Central Peru.
Xenodacnis parina Cahan. Peru.
Dacnis analis Lafr. et d'Orb. Upper Amazons and Guiana,
xanthopthalma JelsM. Central Peru.
modesta Cahan. Peru.
Dacnidea leucogastra Taczan. Central Peru.
Certhidea fusca 8cl. et Salv. Galapagos.
Chlorophanes i)uri3urascens 8cl. et Salv. Venezuela.
Certliiola caboti Baird. Yucatan (Cozumel I.).
magnirostris Taczan. Northern Peru.
Family Tanageid^.
Chlorophonia frontalis Scl. Venezuela,
flavirostris Scl. Ecuador,
pretrei {Lafr.). Colombia.
Euphonia sclateri Sund. Porto Rico.
triuitatis StricM. Trinidad and coast-region of Venezuela
and Colombia.
minuta Cab. Guiana to Guatemala.
ruflceps Lafr. et WOrb. Bolivia, Amazons, and Venezuela.
vittata Scl. Brazil.
gnatho Cab. Costa Eica.
chrysopasta Scl. et Salv. Upper Amazons and Venezuela.
chalcopasta Scl. et Salv. Colombia.
cayana (Linn.). Guiana and Amazons.
plumbea Du Bus. Amazons.
flnschi Scl. et Salv. Guiana,.
insignis Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador.
Tanagrella calophrys Cab. Guiana and Upper Amazons.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 169
Pipridea castaneiventris Scl. Bolivia.
Calliste fastuosa (Less.). Brazil.
florida Scl. et Salv. Costa Eica.
gramiuea {Spix). Guiana,
cucullata (Siv.). Venezuela,
cyanoptera (Sw.). Venezuela,
lavinia Cass. Panama to Nicaragua,
albiventris Gray. Guiana,
atrocajrulea (Tsch.). Peru and Bolivia,
cabanisi Scl. Western Guatemala
argentea {Tsch.). Peru,
rufigenis iScl. Venezuela,
hartlaubi Scl. Colombia,
xantliocephala (Tsch.). Peru and Bolivia,
fulvicervix Scl. et Salv. Bolivia,
argyrofenges Scl. et Salv. Bolivia,
puuctulata Scl. et Salv. Bolivia,
melanotis Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador.
albertinsB Pelz. Brazil.
Iridornis reiuliardti Scl. Peru,
jelskii Caban. Peru.
PcBcilotbraupis igniventris {Lafr. et (VOrh). Bolivia,
lacrymosa {Du Bus). Peru,
melanogenys Salv. et Godm. Colombia,
ignicrissa Caban. Central Peru.
Buthraupis montana {Lafr. et WOrh.). Bolivia.
edwardsi Elliot. (Hab. ignot.)
Compsocoma sumj)tuosa {Less.). Venezuela to Peru.
liavinucha {Lafr. et WOrh.). Bolivia.
Dubusia selysia Bp. Ecuador.
Tanagra olivina Scl. Interior of Brazil, Peru, and Colombia.
Spindalis zena {Linn.). Bahamas.
B.ami)hocoelus ephipialis Scl. Upper Amazons,
uropygialis Bp. Guatemala,
clirysonotus Lafr. Colombia.
Pyranga erythrocepliala {Sw.). Mexico.
roseigularis Cabot. Yucatan.
Orthogonys cyanicterus {Vieill.). Guiana.
Lamprotes albocristatus Lafr. Colombia.
Phcenicothraupis gutturalis Scl. Colombia.
Lanio versicolor {Lafr. et (VOrb.). Bolivia and Peru.
Eucometis x)enicillata {Spix). Guiana and Amazons.
albicoUis {Lafr. et WOrb.). Interior of Brazil and Bolivia.
spodocepLala {Bjy.). Veragua to Guatemala.
Tachyphonus phceniceus Sw. Upper Amazons.
ruflventris {Spix). Upper Amazons.
170 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Tachyphoniis intercedens Berlepsch. Trinidad.
Iifemosia peruana {Bp.). Upper Amazons,
ruflceps {Lafr. et WOrh.). Bolivia,
fulvescens StricM. Brazil and Amazons,
sordida {Lafr. et cVOrh.). Bolivia,
ornata Scl. Western Ecuador,
fulviceps {Cab.). Venezuela,
inornata Taczan. Northern Peru,
chrysopis Scl. et Salv. Ecuador.
Pyrrhocoma ruflceps {StricM.). Southern Brazil and Paraguay.
Ohlorospingus flavipectus {Lafr.). Colombia.
atrii)ileus {Lafr.). Colombia and Ecuador,
melanotis Scl. Colombia,
oleagineus Scl. Colombia,
verticalis {Lafr.). Colombia,
lichtensteini Scl. Colombia.
castaneicoUis Scl. Eastern Peru.
goeringi Scl. et Salv, Venezuela,
calophrys Scl. et Salv. Bolivia,
cinereocephalus JelsJci. Central Peru.
chrysogaster Taczan. Central Peru,
chrysophrys Scl. et Salv. Venezuela,
olivaceus {Bonap.). Guatemala,
berlepschi Taczan. Central Peru.
nigrifrons Lawr. Ecuador,
auricularis Cahan. Peru,
phseocephalus Scl. et Salv. Western Ecuador.
Buarremon torquatus {Lafr. ct d'Orb.). Bolivia,
phseopleurus Scl. Venezuela,
rufinuchus {Lafr. et cVOrb.). Bolivia,
leucopterus {Jard.). Ecuador,
albifrenatus {Boiss.). Colombia,
meridai Scl. et Salv. Venezuela,
schistaceus {Boiss.). Colombia and Ecuador,
semirufus {Boiss.). Venezuela and Colombia,
fulviceps {Lafr. et WOrb.). Bolivia,
castaneiceps Scl. Ecuador,
specularis Salv. Northern Peru,
tricolor Taczan. Central Peru,
melanops Scl. et Salv. Bolivia,
taczanowskii Scl. et Salv. Peru,
castaueifrons Scl. et Salv. Interior of Venezuela,
elseoprorus Scl. et Salv. Colombia,
melanolaemus Scl. et Salv. Southern Peru,
spodionotus Scl. et Salv. Ecuador,
comptus Scl. et Salv. Ecuador.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 171
Buarremon inornatus Scl. et Salv. Ecuador.
melanoceplialus Salv. et Godm. Colombia,
leucopis Scl. et Salv. Ecuador,
castaneiventris Scl. et Salv.
PhsenicoiDliilus domiuiceusis Gory. Haiti.
Arremou orbignyi Scl. Bolivia.
devillei Bp. Interior of Brazil,
wuchereri Scl. et Salv. Eastern Brazil,
nigriceps Taczan. Northern Peru.
Oreothraupis arremonops Scl. Eastern Ecuador.
Lamprospiza melanoleuca ( Vieill.). Guiana.
Psittospiza elegans (Tsch.). Peru.
Saltator superciliaris {Spix). Amazons, Peru, and Bolivia,
caerulescens Vieill. Paraguay and Bolivia,
maxillosus Gab. Southern Brazil and Uruguay,
ruflventris Lafr. et WOrh. Bolivia,
orenocensis Lafr. Venezuela.
Conothraupis speculigera [Gould). Upper Amazons.
Malacothraupis dentata Scl. et Salv. Bolivia.
Microspingus trifasciatus Jelsld. Central Peru.
Pitylus fuliginosus [Baud.). Southern and Eastern Brazil,
celseno {Liclit.). Mexico,
humeralis Lawr. Colombia and Ecuador.
Family FRiNaiLLrD.^.
Pheucticus uropygialis Scl. et Salv. Colombia and Ecuador,
chrysogaster (Less.). Venezuela and Ecuador,
crissalis Scl. et Salv. Ecuador.
Geospiza magnirostris Gould. Galapagos Islands,
nebulosa Gould. Galapagos Islands,
dentirostris Gould. Galapagos Islands,
dubia Gould. Galapagos Islands.
Gnathospiza raimondi Taczan. Northern and Western Peru.
Oryzoborus maximiliani Gah. Southern and Eastern Brazil,
occidentalis Scl. Ecuador and Colombia,
melas Scl. ct Salv. Guiana, Amazons, Brazil,
atrirostris Scl. et Salv. Peru.
Amaurospiza concolor Cab. Costa Eica and Panama.
unicolor (Burm.). Brazil.
Spermophila pileata Scl. South Brazil and Uruguay.
nigro-rufa [Lafr. et d'Orb.). Bolivia and interior of Brazil,
lineata (Gni.). Guiana and Lower Amazons,
ocellata Scl. et Salv. Upper Amazons and Venezuela,
bicolor Lafr. et WOrb. Bolivia,
obscura Taczan. Central Peru,
simplex JelsTci. Western Peru.
172 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Spermopliila enleri Cahan. Southeastern Brazil.
Neorliyuchus nasesus Bp. Western Peru.
Camarhynchus crassirostris Gould. Galapagos Islands,
psittaculus Gould. Galapagos Islands,
variegatus Scl. et Salv. Galapagos Islands,
liabeli Scl. et Salv. Galapagos Islands.
X^i'osthemelas Sel. et iSalv. Galapagos Islands,
ciuereus {Lafr.). Northern and Eastern Peru.
Cactornis asslrailis Gould. Galapagos Islands.
abiugdoui Scl. et Salv. Galapagos Islands.
j)allida Scl. et Salv. Galapagos Islands.
Dolospingus nuchalis Elliot. Orinoco Eiver.
Phonipara funiosa Later. Trinidad.
Haplospiza uuiformis Scl. et Salv. Mexico.
Paroaria capitata {Lafr. et WOrh.). Paraguay and Argentine Eepublic.
Ooryphospiugus griseocristatus {Lafr. et WOrh.). Bolivia.
Porphyrospiza cyanella {Sparm.). Interior of Brazil.
Tiaris ornata {Max.). Brazil.
Xenospingus concolor {Lafr. et d'Orb.). Peru.
Poospiza ornata {Landh.). Argentine Eepublic (Mendoza).
torquata {Lafr. et WOrh.). Bolivia and Argentine Eepublic
(Mendoza).
bonapartei Scl. Western Peru,
cinerea Bp. Brazil.
melanoleuca Vieill. Argentine Eepublic and Paraguay.
csBsar Scl. et Salv. Peru,
hypochoudriaca {B^Orl). et Lafr.). Bolivia.
Spodiornis jardinei Scl. Ecuador.
Phrygilus atriceps {Lafr. et d^Orb.). Bolivia and Peru.
ocularis Scl. Ecuador.
plebeius Gab. Peru and Argentine Eepublic.
melanoderus {Quoy et Gaim.). Falkland Islands and Pata-
gonia,
erythronotus {PMl. et Landb.). Chili.
Diuca minor Bp. Patagonia.
speculifera {Lafr. et d'Orb.). Bolivia and Peru.
Catamenia homochroa Scl. Ecuador and Colombia.
inornata {Lafr.). Bolivia.
" Zonotrichia " quinquistriata Scl. et Salv. Mexico,
strigiceps Gould. Patagonia,
canicapilla Gould. Patagonia.
Spizella pinetorum Salv. Guatemala.
Peucsea notosticta Scl. et Salv. Mexico.
Ammodromus petenicus Salv. Guatemala.
Coturniculus peruauus Bp. Bolivia and Upper Amazons to Colombia.
Saltatricula multicolor Burm. Argentine Eepublic.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUm! 173
EmbernagTa olivascens {La/r. et WOrh.). Bolivia and Argentine Ee-
pnblic (Mendoza).
superciliosa Salv. Costa Eica.
Emberizoides melanotis Teimn. Southern and Eastern Brazil.
Htemophila sumichrasti Lawr. Western Mexico,
liumeralis Cab. Mexico.
stolzmanni Taczan. Northern and Western Peru.
Pipilo mystacalis Taczan. Central Peru.
Pyrgisoma kieneri Bp. Mexico.
Chrysomitris atrata {Lafr. et iVOrh.). Bolivia and Peru.
spinescens Bj). Colombia,
atriceps Salv. Guatemala,
capitalis Cahan. Central Peru.
Sycalis flaveola (Linn.). Columbia to South Brazil.
Columbiana Cab. Venezuela, Guiana, and Lower Amazons.
luteola [Simrm.). Colombia to Chili and Argentine Eepublic.
chrysops 8cl. Mexico and Guatemala.
lutea {Lafr. et d'Orb.). Bolivia and Peru.
luteocephala [Lafr. et (VOrb.). Bolivia.
uropygialis [Lafr. et (VOrb.). Bolivia.
raimondi Jelsld. Western Peru.
Family Icterid^.
Clypeicterus oseryi Deville. Upper Amazons.
Ostinops bifasciatus (Sjnx). Lower Amazons.
atrovirens {Lafr. et d'Orb.). Colombia and Amazons to Bolivia,
atrocastaneus Cahan. Peru.
Cassicus chrysonotus D'Orb. et Lafr. Bolivia.
Icterus cayanensis {Linn.). Guiana.
maculi-alatus Cassin. Guatemala.
Molothrus purpurascens Halm. Western Peru.
discolor {Cassin). Venezuela and Colombia.
Agelreus cyanopus {VieilL). South Brazil and Paraguay.
Lampropsar guianensis {Cab.). Guiana and Venezuela.
warszewiezi Cab. Ecuador and Peru.
Quiscalus assimdis Scl. Veragua to Colombia,
lugubris Sw. Guiana and Trinidad,
subalaris Boiss. Colombia and Venezuela.
Family Coevid^.
Xanthura yncas creruleocephala {Dubois). Venezuela and Trinidad.
Cyanolyca viridicyanea {Lafr. et d'Orb.). Bolivia and Peru.
jolycea {Bp.). Peru.
armillata {Gray). Colombia and Venezuela.
meridana {Scl. et Salv.). Venezuela.
bogotana {Scl. et Salv.). Bogota.
174 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Aphelocoma iiltramarina {Bp.). Mexico.
Cyanocorax cayanus {Linn.). Guiana.
diesingi Pelz. Brazil.
sclateri Heine. Colombia.
interinedius Heine. Venezuela.
chilensis {Bonap.). Bolivia and Cbili.
inexpectatus Elliot. Brazil.
heckeli Pelz. Brazil.
flavigastra {Lath.). Trinidad to Colombia; Guiana?
Cissoloplia germaua {8cl. et Salv.). Belize, Peten, and Merida (Yucatan).
Psilorbinus cyanogenys Gray. Coast of Honduras.
Corvus minutus Gundl. Cuba.
solitarius Wilrt. St. Domingo.
Family Oxyrhamphid^.
Oxyrbampbus flammiceps {Temm.). Brazil.
Family Tyrannid^.
Conopopliaga aurita {Gm.). Guiana.
torrida Scl. Eastern Ecuador.
peruviana Hes Murs. Eastern Ecuador and Amazons,
gutturalis Sol. Colombia,
castaneiceps Scl. Peru and Colombia,
ardesiaca Lafr. et cVOrb. Bolivia and Ux)per Amazons,
melauogastra Menetr. Interior of Brazil and Amazons.
maximiliani Cab. Southern Brazil (Eio).
Corytbopis antboides {Puch.). Guiana.
bumivagans JelsJci. Central Peru,
nigro-cincta {D^Orb. et Lafr.). Bolivia.
Agriornis pollens iScl. Ecuador,
solitaria Sel. Ecuador,
insolens Scl. et Salv. Higb Peru.
Myiotberetes erytbropygia Scl. Ecuador.
Tsenioptera velata Licht. Southern Brazil and Bolivia,
murina {Lafr. et (VOrb.). Patagonia,
rubetra Burm. Argentine Eepublic and Patagonia,
australis Philippi. Patagonia.
Ochtbodiseta fumigata {Boiss.). Higb Colombia,
signatus Taczan. Central Peru,
fuscorufus Scl. et Salv. Bolivia and interior of Peru.
Ocbtboeca fumicolor Scl. Colombia and Ecuador.
superciliosa Scl. et Salv. Higb Venezuela,
cenantboides {Lafr. et (VOrb.). Higb Bolivia,
polionota Scl. et Salv. Higb Peru,
leucopbrys {Lafr. et WOrb.). Higb Bolivia.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 175
Ochthoeca albidiema {Lafr.). Colombia.
rufipectoralis {Lafr. et (VOrb.). Bolivia,
rufimarginata Laicr. Ecuador and Colombia,
nigrita JScl. et Salv. Venezuela,
cinnamomeiventris (Lafr.). Colombia,
diadema {Hartl.). Colombia,
gratiosa Scl. Ecuador,
murina Scl. Guiana,
pulchella Scl. et Salv. Bolivia,
arenacea Scl. et Salv. Interior of Colombia,
salvini Taczan. Peru,
leucometopa Scl. et Salv. Western Peru.
thoracica Jelsld. Central Peru,
poliogastra Salv. et Godm. High Colombia,
tsenioptera (Cahan.). Peru.
Sayornis latirostris Cab. Ecuador.
Fluvicola pica {Bodd.). Guiana.
GlimacvLTSb {Vieill.). Brazil,
atripennis Scl. Western Ecuador.
Cnipolegus nigerrimus (Vieill.). Brazil,
aterrimus Kaup. Bolivia.
anthracinus Heine. Argentine Eepublic (Mendoza).
unicolor Kaup. Upper Amazons,
hudsoni Scl. Patagonia,
pusillus Scl. et Salv. Amazons.
Museisaxicola albifrons Tsch. Peru.
fluviatilis Scl. et Salv. Peru.
rufipennis JelsM. Central Peru.
Platyrbyncbus rostratus {Lath.). Brazil,
flavigularis Scl. Colombia,
senex Scl. et Salv. Ecuador.
Todirostrum chrysocrotaiihum StricTcl. Amazons.
guttatum Pels. Interior of Guiana and Colombia,
calopterum Scl. Eastern Ecuador,
picatum Scl. Eastern Ecuador,
capitale Scl. Eastern Ecuador,
pulchellum Scl. High Peru,
ruflgene Scl. et Salv. Ecuador,
signatum Scl. et Salv. Amazons.
Euscarthmus nidiiDendulus {Max.). Brazil,
fumifrons {Hartl.). Brazil,
gularis {Tenim.). Brazil,
grenadensis {Hartl.). Colombia,
striaticollis {Lafr.). Brazil,
impiger Scl. et Salv. Colombia and Venezuela,
wuchereri Scl. et Salv. Brazil.
176 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Euscarthmus fulviceps Scl. Peru aud Western Ecuador,
spicifer {Lqfr.). Upper Amazons,
ocularis Salv. Western Ecuador,
rufigularis Cdban. Western Peru,
pyrrhops Gahan. Peru,
pelzelni 8cl. et Salv. Brazil (Cuyuba).
Orchilus auricularis {YieilL). Brazil.
ecaudatus {Lafr. et WOrh.). Bolivia, Venezuela, and Costa
Eica.
Colopterus galeatus (Bodd.). Guiana and Venezuela.
Hapalocercus acutipennis Scl. et Salv. Colombia and Peru.
Habrura minima (Gould.). Uruguay.
Pogonotriccus eximius {Temni.). Brazil.
ophthalmicus Taczan. Central Peru.
Leptotriccus sylviola Cab. Brazil.
superciliaris Scl. et Salv. Veragua.
Ceratotriccus furcatus (Lafr). Southeastern Brazil.
Stigmatura flavo-cinerea (Burm.). Argentine Eepublic.
Serpophaga subflava Scl. et Salv. Brazil (Para),
parvirostris Gould. Chili.
poecilocerca Scl. et Salv. Ecuador and Colombia,
albogrisea Scl. et Salv. Ecuador.
Anaeretes fernandezianus PMlippi. Island of Juan Fernandez,
agilis Scl. Colombia,
flavirostris Scl. et Salv. Bolivia.
Leptopogon peruvianus Scl. et Salv. Upper Amazons,
erythrops Scl. Colombia,
poecilotis Scl. Colombia,
auritus Jelsld. Central Peru.
tristis Scl. et Salv. Bolivia,
minor Taczan. Northern Peru.
Phyllomyias brevirostris Spix. Brazil.
burmeisteri Cah. et Hein. Brazil,
semifusca Scl. Guiana to Colombia ', Brazil,
platyrhyncha Scl. et Salv. Interior of Brazil,
tumbezana Taczan. North Peru,
cinereicapilla Gahan. Western Peru.
Ornithion inerme Hartl. Guiana.
obsoletum [Max.). Brazil.
Tyranniscus cinereiceps Scl. Colombia and Ecuador,
chrysops Scl. Colombia and Ecuador,
imj^robus Scl. et Salv. Venezuela and Colombia,
leucogonys Scl. et Salv. Colombia,
gracilipes Scl. Eastern Peru and Upper Amazons,
griseiceps Sol. et Salv. Ecuador,
viridissimus Scl. Central Peru.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 177
Tyranneutes brachyurus Scl. et Salv. British Guiana.
Elainea gigas Scl. Eastern Ecuador.
pallatangse Scl. Western Ecuador,
fallax Scl. Jamaica.
elegans Pelz. Amazons, Colombia, and Guiana,
caniceps Sw. Amazons, Colombia, and Panama,
ruficeps Pelz. Interior of Guiana and Amazons,
obscura {Lafr. et WOrh.). Brazil and Bolivia,
mesoleuca Cab. et Hein. Brazil,
arenarum Salv. Costa Eica.
affinis Burm. Interior of Brazil,
leucospodia Taczan. !N"ortbern Peru.
Sublegatus glaber Scl. et Salv. Venezuela.
muriuus (Spix). Lower Amazons.
Myiozetetes rufipennis Later. Yenezuela.
similis {Sjnjc)' Brazil, Peru, and Ecuador,
luteiventris Scl. Eastern Ecuador, Upper Amazons, and
Guiana.
Rbynchocyclus olivaceus {Temm.). Brazil.
fulvipectus Scl. Western Ecuador,
viridiceps Scl. et Salv. Upper Amazons,
megacephalus Siv. Brazil and Amazons,
peruvianus Taczan. Central Peru.
Conopias inornata (Later.). Venezuela and Trinidad.
cinchoneti (Tech.). Peru and Colombia.
Pitangus gabbi Laicr. St. Donaingo.
Sirystes sibilator {Vieill.). Brazil.
albogriseus Later. Panama, Colombia, and Amazons,
albocinereus Scl. et Salv. Upper Amazons and Colombia.
Myiodynastes bemiclirysus (Cab.). Veragua and Costa Eica.
Muscivora swainsoni Pelz. Eastern Brazil.
castelnaudi (Dev.). Upper Amazons.
Hirundinea sclateri Reinh. Eastern Peru and Colombia.
Myiobius vieillotides (Lafr.). Venezuela,
pulcber Scl. Ecuador,
rufescens Salv. Western Peru,
capitalis Salv. Costa Eica.
aureiventris Scl. High Peru,
superciliosns Taczan. Central Peru,
stellatus Caban. Ecuador.
Empidochanes fringillaris Pelz. South Brazil.
poecilurus Scl. Colombia and Peru.
Mitrephorus ochraceiveutris Caban. Western Peru.
Empidonax griseigularis Later. Panama and Western Ecuador,
atriceps Salvin. Veragua.
andinus Taczan. Central Peru.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 12 Aug". 11, IS81.
178 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Empidonax pectoralis Lawr. Central Mexico.
Contopus ardesiacus (Lafr.). Venezuela to Ecuador,
ochraceus Scl. et Salv. Costa Rica.
brachytarsus Scl. Mexico to Colombia ; Amazons,
scbotti Lawr. Yucatan.
Blacicus blancoi Gundl. Porto Eico.
Myiocbanes cinereus {Spix). Brazil, Amazons, and Ecuador.
nigrescens Scl. et Salv. Ecuador.
Myiarcbus magnirostris (G^r«?/). Galapagos Island,
semirufus Scl. et Salv. Peru,
cepbalotes Stolzm. Peru,
apic alis Scl. et Salv. Interior of Colombia.
Q^rannus niveigularis Scl. Western Ecuador,
albigularis Burm. Eastern Brazil,
aurantio-atro-cristatus Lafr. et d'Orb. Argentine Republic,
Bolivia, and Eastern Peru,
apolites {Cab. & Rein.). (Hab. ignot).
Family Piprid^.
Piprites pileatus (Temm.). Brazil,
chloris {Temm.). Brazil.
clilorion (Cab.). Guiana, Amazons, and Colombia,
griseiceps Salv. Costa Rica,
tschudii Caban. Peru.
Xenopipo atronitens Cab. Guiana and Colombia.
Pipra heterocerca Scl. Amazons,
flavicollis Scl. Amazons.
fasciata Lafr. Amazons, interior of Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia,
cornuta Spix. Ui)per Amazons,
nattereri Scl. Amazons,
cseruleocapilla Tsch. Peru,
virescens Pelz. Amazons.
Neopipo cinnamomea Lawr. Upper Amazons.
Macbseropterus pyrocephalus Scl. Amazons and interior of Brazil.
Chiroxiphia regina Scl. Upper Amazons.
Metopotbrix aurantiaca Scl. et Salv. Upper Amazons.
Chiromacbseris coronata Bo7(c. Colombia.
Heteropelma tnrdinum {Max.). Brazil.
Wallace! Scl. et Salv. Lower Amazons.
amazonum Scl. Upper Amazons and Colombia.
stenorbyncbum Scl. et Salv. Venezuela.
virescens {Max.). Brazil.
iiavicapillum Scl. Brazil.
cbrysocepbalum Pels. Interior of Brazil and Amazons.
aurifrons {Max.). Brazil.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 179
Heterocercus linteatus Stricld. Upper Amazons.
flavivertex Pels. Interior of Guiana.
aurantiivertex Scl. et Salv. Ecuador.
Schiffornis major Bp. Upper Amazons,
rufa Pelz. Interior of Brazil.
Family Cotingid^.
Tityra inquisitor [Olf.). Brazil and Guiana.
inquisitrix Scl, et Salv. Bolivia.
Hadrostomus homochrous Scl. Western Ecuador and Panama.
audax Cahan. Western Peru.
Pachyrhamphus surinamus [TAnn.). Guiana.
spodiurus Sol. Western Ecuador,
niger Spix. Guiana, Amazons, Trinidad, and Colombia,
intermedins Berlepsch. Venezuela.
Latbria plumbea {Liclit). Brazil.
subalaris Scl. Upper Amazons,
cryptolopba Scl. et Salv. Western Ecuador.
Cbirocylla uropygialis Scl. et Salv. Bolivia.
Aulia byjiopyrrba ( Yieill.). Brazil.
lateralis Gray et Mitch. Upper Amazons.
Lipaugus immundus Scl. et Salv. Interior of Guiana.
Ptilocbloris squamata {Max.). Brazil.
buckleyi Scl. et Salv. Ecuador.
Attila brasiliensis Less. Brazil,
spadiceus (Gm.). Guiana,
citriniventris Scl. Upper Amazons,
validus Pelz. Interior of Brazil.
tbamnopbiloides {Sjnx.). Guiana and Upper Amazons.
Casiornis fusca Scl. et Salv. Brazil (Babia).
Tijuca nigra Less. Brazil.
Pipreola melanolaima Boiss. Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru.
aureipectus Lafr. Venezuela and Colombia,
cblorolepidota Sic. Western Ecuador,
sclateri Corn. Ecuador,
formosa Hartl. Venezuela,
viridis {iVOrh. et Lafr.). Bolivia and Peru,
lubomirskii Taczan. Nortbern Peru,
elegans Scl. Middle Peru,
frontalis Scl. Bolivia.
Ampelio melanocepbalus Sio. Brazil.
Heliocbera rufaxilla {Tsch.). Eastern Peru and Colombia.
Cotinga cincta {Bodd.). Eastern Brazil.
Xipbolena lamellipennis {Lafr.). Lower Amazons,
lodopleura laplacei Byd. et Gerv. Guiana.
180 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Doliornis sclateri Taczan. Central Peru.
Pyroderus orenocensis {Lafr.). Venezuela.
Cepbalopterus penduliger Scl, Western Ecuador.
Pliytotoma angustirostris Lafr. et cVOrh. Bolivia.
Family Dendkocolaptid^.
Geobates poecilopterus {3Iax.). Southern Brazil.
Geositta crassirostris Scl. Western Peru,
fasciata {Phil, et Landh.). Chili,
peruviana Lafr. Western Peru,
saxicolina Taczan. Central Peru.
Furnarius agnatus Scl. et Salv. Colombia.
assimilis Cab. et Eein. Southern and Eastern Brazil,
minor Pelz. Amazons.
coinmersoni Pelz. Southern Brazil and Bolivia,
pileatus Scl. et Salv. Lower Amazons.
Clibanornis dendrocolaptoides (Pelz.). South Brazil.
Upucerthia ruflcauda {2Ieyen). Chili and Argentine Eepublic.
luscinia [Burm..). Argentine Eepublic.
serrana Taczan. Central Peru,
jelskii (Cah.). Central Peru.
Cinclodes antarcticus (Gam). Falkland Islands.
bifasciatus Scl. Bolivia and Argentine Eepublic.
rivularis Cahan. Central Peru.
Lochmias sororia Scl. et Salv. Venezuela.
obscurata Cab. Bolivia.
Sclerurus umbretta {Licht.). Brazil,
albigularis Siv. Venezuela,
olivascens Caban. Western Peru.
Oxjurus masafuerse {Ph. et Landh.). Masafuera Island,
Sylviorthorhynchus desmursi Gay. Chili.
Phloeocryptes schoenobfenus Cah. Peru.
Leptasthenura setaria {Temm.) Southern Brazil,
striolata {Pelz.). Interior of Brazil,
andicola Scl. High Ecuador,
fuliginiceps {Lafr. et d70rb.). Argentine Eepublic.
Synallaxis miesta Scl. Ecuador and Colombia,
hypospodia Scl. Brazil,
subpudica Scl. Colombia.
guianensis {Gni.). Guiana, Colombia, and Lower Amazons,
albilora Pelz. Interior of Brazil and Bolivia,
cinerascens Temm. Brazil,
propinqua Pelz. Amazons,
stictothorax Scl. Ecuador,
semicinerea Eeich. Brazil.
PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 181
Synallaxis scutata Scl. Brazil.
vulpina Pels. Interior of Brazil and Amazons.
unirufa Lafr. Colombia.
castaDea Sol. Venezuela.
kollari Pelz. Interior of Guiana.
Isemosticta ScL Colombia.
terrestris Jard. Tobago and Trinidad.
gularis Lafr. Colombia and Ecuador.
fuliginosa Lafr. Colombia.
l^alpebralis Cab. Peru.
torquata {Mao;.). Southern Brazil.
maximiliani WOrh. Bolivia.
rutilaus Temm. Amazons.
brunneicaudalis Scl. Western Ecuador and Western Peru.
mustelina Katt. Eastern Peru and Eiver Madeira.
fructicicola Taczan. Peru.
rufipennis Scl. et Salv. Bolivia.
marauonica Tacz. North Peru.
tithys Taczan. Peru.
pallida Max. Brazil.
antisiensis Scl. Ecuador.
curtata Scl. Colombia.
rufigenis Laivr. Costa Rica.
hyposticta Pelz. Interior of Guiana.
subcristata Scl. Venezuela.
ruticilla Cab. et Rein. Southern Brazil.
albiceps [Lafr. et (VOrb.). Bolivia.
albicapilla Cab. Peru.
humicola Kittl. Chili and Argentine Eepublic.
orbignyi Reiclienb. Bolivia and Argentine Eepublic.
arequipse Scl. et Salv. Western Peru.
humilis Cab. Western Peru.
patagonica {Lafr. et WOrb.). Patagonia.
wyatti Scl. Colombia.
flammulata Jard. High Ecuador and Colombia.
pudibunda Scl. Central Peru.
graminicola Jelshi. Central Peru.
virgata Jelski. Central Peru.
Placellodomus striaticeps {Lafr. et WOrb.). Bolivia and Peru.
sibilator Boring. Argentine Eepublic (Cordova) and
Bolivia.
Thripophaga guttuligera Scl. Colombia.
Homorus unirufus {Lafr. et d^Orb.). Bolivia.
gutturalis {Lafr. et WOrb.). Bolivia and Argentine Eepublic.
Thripadectes flammulatus {Eyt.). Colombia,
scrutator JelsM. Central Peru.
182 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM,
Automolus ferruginoleutus (Max.). Brazil.
melauopezus Scl. Eastern Ecuador,
sclateri Pelz. Amazons,
subiilatus {82nx). Amazons,
holostictus Scl. et Salv. Colombia,
striaticeps Scl. et Salv. Interior of Colombia and Peru.
iguobilis Scl. et Salv. Colombia,
dorsalis Scl. et Salv. Ecuador,
stictoptilus Cahan. Western Peru.
Philydor panerytbrus Scl. Colombia.
columbianus Gab. Venezuela and Colombia,
erythropterus Scl. Colombia,
fuscipennis Salv. Yeragua.
erythronotus Scl. et Salv. Colombia,
consobrinus Scl. Colombia.
ruficaudatus {Lafr. et d'Orb.) Colombia to Bolivia,
subfulvus (Scl.). Ecuador,
erytlirocercus (Pelz.). Guiana and Amazons,
striaticollis Scl. Colombia,
amaurotis (Temm.). Brazil,
subflavescens Cahan. Western Peru.
Heliobletus superciliosus {Licht). Brazil.
AnabazenoiJS temporalis Scl. Colombia and Western Ecuador,
subalaris Scl. Veragua to Western Ecuador,
guttulatus Scl. Venezuela,
cabanisi Taczan. Ceutral Peru.
Xenops heterurus Gah. et Hein. Colombia and Eastern Peru.
Sittasomus stictolsemus Pelz. Uijper Amazons.
Margarornis stellata Scl. et Salv. Ecuador.
Dendrocincla ruficeps Scl. et Salv. Panama,
meruloides (Lafr.). Venezuela,
fumigata {Licht.). Brazil,
longicauda Pelz. Amazons,
tyrauniua {Lafr.). Colombia.
Dendrocolaptes puncticoUis Scl. et Salv. Guatemala and Costa Eiea.
validus {Tscli.). Guiana, Peru, and Colombia,
radiolatus Scl. et Salv. Peru,
concolor Pelz. Amazons,
^asica longirostris {Licht.). Guiana.
Drymornis bridgesi Eyton. Argentine Eepublic.
Xipbocolaptes promeropirhynchus {Less.). Colombia to Peru and Bo-
livia,
procerus Gab. et Hein. Venezuela.
Dendrexetastes temmiucki {Lafr.). Guiana.
l^errotti {Lafr.). Guiana.
Dendrornis guttata {Licht). Brazil.
PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 183
Dendrornis rostripallens Des Murs. Amazons and Colombia,
eytoui Scl. Lower Amazons,
elegans Pelz. Amazons and Colombia,
spixi Less. Lower Amazons,
multigiittata {Lafr.). Guiana and Amazons.
Picolaptes squamatus {Licht.). Brazil.
falcinellns {Cab.). Interior of Brazil,
alboliueatns (Lafr.). Colombia and Venezuela,
puncticeps Scl. et 8alv. Guiana,
souleyeti (Des Murs). Western Ecuador,
fuscicapillus Felz. Interior of Brazil,
layardi Scl. Brazil (Para).
Xiphorhynclius pusillus Scl. Colombia and Veragua.
pucherani Zafr. Colombia,
lafresnayanus (d'Orb.). BoUvia.
Family Formicaeiidje.
Tliamnophilus undulatus Pelz. Amazons.
fuliginosus Gould. Guiana.
guttatus Vieill. South Brazil.
borbte Pelz. Madeira Eiver.
melanurus Gould. Upi)er Amazons and Colombia.
leuconotus S])ix. Upper Amazons.
plumbeus Scl. Upi^er Amazons.
cinereo-niger Pelz. Amazons.
stellaris Spix. Guiana and Amazons.
tristis Scl. et Salv. Guiana.
simplex Scl. Brazil (Para).
immaculatus Lafr. Amazons ; Colombia to Costa Eica,
tscliudii Pelz. Amazons.
sethiops Scl. Upi)er Amazons.
nigriceps Scl. Colombia.
nigrocinereus Scl. Lower Amazons,
cinereinucha Pelz. Amazons,
cinereiceps Pelz. Guiana and Amazons,
caiiitalis Scl. Upper Amazons,
murinus Pelz. Guiana and Amazons,
cristatus Max. Brazil,
capistratus Less. South and East Brazil,
albicans Lafr. Colombia,
multistriatus Lafr. Colombia,
tenuipunctatus Lafr. Colombia and Ecuador,
melauochrous Scl. et Salv. High Peru,
subfasciatus Scl. et Salv. Bolivia.
Thamnistes sequatorialis Scl. Ecuador.
rufescens Cdban. Western Peru.
184 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Iseoctantes niger (Pelz.). Amazons.
Clytoctantes alixii Elliot. Eastern Ecuador.
Dysitliamnus gnttulatus [Licht.). Brazil and Bolivia,
olivaceus {Tsch.). Peru and Bolivia,
xantliopterus Burm. Brazil,
scbistaceus (VOrh. Bolivia and Eastern Pern.
ardesiacus 8cl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador,
unicolor ScL Ecuador and Colombia,
plumbeus Max. Brazil and Lower Amazons,
semiplumbeus Scl. et Salv. Ecuador.
Herpsilochmus pectoralis Scl. Bahia.
atricapillus Pelz. Interior of Brazil,
motacilloides JelsM. Central Peru. »
frater Scl. et Salv. Ecuador.
Myrmotherula multo-striata Scl. Amazons,
guttata ( Vieill.). Guiana,
hcematonota Scl. Upper Amazons,
pyrrhonota Scl. et Salv. Guiana,
erythrura Scl. Colombia,
erytlironota Hartl. Brazil,
liauxwelli Scl. Upper Amazons,
axillaris {Vieill.). Guiana and Colombia,
urosticta Scl. Brazil,
brevicauda (Sic). Brazil,
unicolor Menetr. Colombia and Brazil,
cinereiventris Scl. Guiana, Amazons, and Colombia,
atrogularis Taczan. Central Peru,
spodionota Scl. et Salv. Ecuador,
gutturalis Scl. et Salv. British Guiana.
Formicivora strigilata {Spix). Brazil,
erytbrocerca Scl. Brazil,
malura Tenmi. Brazil,
consobrina Scl. Western Ecuador,
bicolor Pelz. Upper Amazons,
speciosa Salv. Western Ecnador (Puna Island).
Terenura callinota Scl. Colombia and Yeragua.
caloptera Scl. Western Ecuador,
humeralis Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador,
spodioptila Scl. et Salv. British Guiana.
Psilorhamphus guttatus {Max.). Interior of Brazil.
Microbates torquatus Scl. et Salv. Guiana.
Eamphocajnus melanurus Vieill. Brazil, Guiana, and Venezuela.
cinereiventris Scl. Interior of Colombia.
Cercomacra coerulescens Vieill. Eastern Brazil.
cinerascens Scl. Guiana and Amazons,
napensis Scl. Guiana and Eastern Ecuador.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 185
Cercomacra approximaus Felz. Interior of Brazil,
carbonaria 8cl. et Salv. Amazous.
nigricans Scl. Panama to Western Ecuador,
melanaria {Menctr.). South Brazil.
Pyriglena atra 8iv. Brazil.
picea Gab. Peru and Ecuador,
serva tScl. Ecuador and Amazons.
Gymnocichla chiroleuca 8cl. et Salv. Honduras and Costa Eica.
Percnostola funebris {Licht.). Guiana.
minor Pelz. Interior of Guiana,
fortis Scl. et Sah\ Upper Amazous.
Heterocnemis nsevia {Gin.). Guiana,
simplex Scl. Guiana,
argentata {Bes Murs). Upper Amazons.
Myrmeciza ruficauda {Max:). Brazil,
squamosa Pelz. Brazil,
atrotliorax {Bodtl.). Guiana, Amazons, interior of Brazil,
and Bolivia,
ruficauda {Pelz.). Interior of Guiana,
hemimelnena Scl. et Salv. Amazons and Bolivia.
Isemosticta Salv. Costa Eica and Yeragua.
Hypocnemis flavescens Scl. Interior of Guiana,
hypoxantha Scl. Amazons.
poecilonota Puch. Upper Amazons and Colombia,
lugubris Pelz. Amazons,
melanura Scl. et Salv. Upper Amazons,
melanopogon Scl. Guiana and Amazons,
maculicauda Pelz. Interior of Brazil,
hemileuca Scl. et Salv. Upper Amazons,
naevia ((rm.). Guiana and Upper Amazons,
theresse {Pes Murs.). Upper Amazons.
Icpidonota Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador,
stellata Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador,
subflava Guhan. Western Peru.
Pithys lunulata Scl. et Salv. Upper Amazons.
melanosticta Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador.
Phlogopsis nigromaculata {Lafr. et dWrh.). Bolivia, Ecuador, and Up-
per Amazons,
erytliroptera Gould. Interior of Guiana,
trivittata Scl. Upper Amazons.
Formicarius analis {Lafr. et. d'Orh.). Bolivia, Ecuador, Panama, Costa
Eica.
rufipectus Salv. Veragua.
Chamceza nobilis Gould. Upper Amazons.
mollissima Scl. Colombia.
Grallaria varia {Bodd.). Guiana and Venezuela.
186 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Grail aria imperator [Lafr.). Brazil.
reguliis Scl. Western Ecuador.
Ijrinceps IScl. et Salv. Veragua.
mexicaua !Scl. Southern Mexico.
griseouucLa Scl. et Salv. Venezuela,
hypoleuca Scl. Colombia,
modesta Scl. Colombia.
hrevicandsi {Bodd.). Guiana, Amazons, and Eastern Ecuador,
macularia Temm. Guiana,
ocliroleuca (Max.). Brazil,
fulviveutris Scl. Eastern Ecuador,
liaplonota Scl. Venezuela,
ruliceps Scl. Colombia,
flavotincta Scl. Colombia,
erytliroleuca Scl. High Peru,
erytlirotis Scl. ct Sah\ Bolivia,
andicola Cah. Central Peru,
rufocinerea Scl. et Salv. Colombia,
albiloris Taczan. Northern Peru,
dignissima Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador.
Grallaricula loricata Scl. Venezuela.
ferrugineipectus Scl. Venezuela.
nana {Lafr.). Colombia.
cucuUata (Scl.). Colombia.
Family Pteroptochid^.
Scytalopus fuscoides Lafr. Chili,
senilis Lafr. Colombia,
sylvestris Jclsld. Central Peru,
speluucre Menetr. Southern Brazil.
Merulasis rhinoloi^hus {Max.). Interior of Brazil.
Ehinocrypta lanceolata {Geoffr. et WOrh.). Patagonia and Argentine
Eepublic.
X fusca Scl. et Salv. Argentine Eepublic.
Liosceles thoracius Scl. Interior of Brazil.
Family Trochilid^.
Eutoxeres heterura Gould. Ecuador.
condaminei {Bourc.) Gould. Ecuador.
Androdon a^quatorialis Gould. Ecuador.
Glaucis dorhni {Bourc.) Gould. Brazil.
antoniai {Bourc. <£• Muls.) Muls. Guiana,
leucurus {Linn.) Bon. Guiana.
Doleromya fallax {Bourc.) Bon. Venezuela.
Phaethornis bourcieri {Less.) Gray. Peru.
philippii {Bourc.) Gray. Bolivia.
guyi {Less.) Gray. Trinidad, Venezuela, and Eastern Peru.
idalise {Bourc. etMuls.) Elliot. South Brazil.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 187
Pliaetlioruis pygmseus (Spix) Gould. Guiana and Brazil,
episcopus Gould. Guiana.
nigricintus Lawr. Upper Amazons, Peru, and Brazil.
Campylopterus liyperythrus Cab. Guiana.
cuvieri [Delattr. et Bourc.) Bon. osta Eica to Colombia ;
Venezuela,
phainopeplus Salv. Sierra Nevada de Sta Marta, Colom-
bia.
Aphantochroa gularis Gould. Ecuador.
hyposticta Gould. Ecuador.
Oreopyra ciuereicauda Lawr. Costa Eica.
Oreotrochilus melanogaster Gould. Peru.
adelte {B^Orh. et Lafr.) Gould. Bolivia.
Lampornis veraguensis Gould. Veragua.
calosoma Elliot. (Hab. ignot.) ?
Clialybura urocliry sea ( Gould) Muls. Panama.
Petasopliora corruscans Gould. Colombia %
rubrigularis Elliot. ( Hab. ignot ) .
Pliieoloema aequatorialis Gould. Ecuador.
loliBma luminosa Elliot. (Hab. ignot.) ?
wbitelyana Gould. Peru.
Sternoclyta cyaneipectus Gould. Venezuela.
Urochroa bougueri {Bourc.) Gould. Ecuador.
Lampraster branickii Tacsan. Peru.
Diphlogoena iris Gould. Bolivia.
hesperus Gould. Ecuador.
Helianthea isaacsoui [Pars.) Elliot. (Hab. ignot).
eos Gould. Venezuela,
violifera Gould. Bolivia,
osculans Gould. Peru,
dichroura Taczan. Peru.
Bourcieria inca Gould. Peru and Bolivia,
conradi Gould. Venezuela,
insectivora GovJd. Peru,
traviesi {AFuls. ct Verr.) Elliot. Colombia,
purpurea {Gould) Elliot. Colombia,
assimilis Elliot. Ecuador ?
boliviana {Gould) Elliot. Bolivia.
Hemistepbania eupbrosinte {3fuls. et Verr.) Elliot. Ecuador?
Floricola albicrissa ( Gould) Elliot. Ecuador 1
Heliotrypha viola Gould. Ecuador.
micrastur {Gould) Elliot. Ecuador,
barrali Muls. et Verr. Colombia.
Heliangelus spencei {Bourc.) Bon. Venezuela.
amethysticollis {WOrh. et Lafr.) Bon. Peru and Bolivia,
mavors Gould. Colombia and Venezuela.
Urosticle ruficrissa Lawr. Ecuador.
188 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Eusteplianus fernandensis (King) Reich. Island of Juan Fernandez.
leyboldi Gould. Island of Mas-a-fuera.
Topaza pyra ( Gould) Gray. Rio Negro.
Hylonymplia macrocera Gould. Northern Brazil.
Thalurania jelskii Taczan. Peru.
watertoni (Bourc.) Bon. Guiana,
refulgeus Gould. Trinidad,
bypocblora Gould. Ecuador.
Microchera albocoronata [Lawr.) Gould. Veragua.
Selasphorus floresii Gould. Mexico.
torridus Salv. Veragua and Chiriqui.
Catharma ortkur.i {Less.) Elliot. Guiana and Venezuela.
Ilhodoj)is vesper [Less.) Gould. Peru.
atacamensis Leyh. Chili.
Calothorax pulchra Gould. Mexico.
Acestrura decorata Gould. Colombia?
micrura Gould. Bolivia.
Chsetocercus jourdani {Bourc.) Gray. Trinidad.
rosiB {Bourc. et 3Iuls.) Cab. (& Rein. Venezuela,
bombus Gould. Ecuador.
Thaumastura cora {Less, et Gam.) Bon. Peru.
Myrtis yarrelli Bourc. Bolivia.
Smaragdochrysis iridescens Gould. Brazil.
Ptochoptera ioliTema {Reich.) Elliot. Brazil.
Calliphlox mitchelli {Bourc.) Gould. Ecuador.
Lophornis regulus Gould. Bolivia.
gouldi {Less.) Gould. Lower Amazons,
adorabilis Salv. Chiriqui.
Popelaria laetitise {Bourc.) Ridgiv. Bolivia ?
Discura lougicauda {Gmel.) Reich. Guiana and Brazil.
Steganura solstitialis Gould. Ecuador,
peruana {Gould) Reich. Peru,
addte {Bourc.) Reich. Bolivia,
cissiura {Gould) Cab. et Heine. Peru.
Loddigesia mirabilis {Bourc.) Gould. Peru.
Lesbia nuna {Less.) Gould. Peru.
eucharis {Bourc.) Reich. Colombia.
Zodalia ortoni {Lawr.) Muls. Ecuador.
glyceria {Bon.) Elliot. Colombia.
Cynanthus mocoa {Delatt. et Bourc.) Bon. Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
Sappho sparganura {Shaw) Reich. Bolivia and Argentine Republic,
phaon {Gould) Reich. Bolivia and Peru,
caroli {Bourc.) Elliot. Peru.
Oxypogon lindeni {Pars.) Gould. Venezuela.
cyanoliemus Salv. et Godm. Colombia (prov. Sta. Marta).
Oreonympha nobilis Gould. Peru.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 189
Rampliomicrou ruficeps {Gould) Bon. Peru and Bolivia.
dorsale Salv. et Godm. Colombia (prov. Sta. Marta).
Avocettula recmnnrostris {Swains.) Reich. Guiana.
Metallura opaca ( Tscli.) Gab. et Heine. Peru and Bolivia,
jelski Gah. Peru.
chloropogon {Cab. et Seine.) Elliot. (Hab. ignot.)
eupogon Cab. Peru.
oeueicauda {Gould) Bon. Peru and Bolivia,
primolina Bourc. Ecuador,
williami {Bourc. et Delait.) Bon. Colombia,
smaragdinicollis {WOrb. et Lafr.) Bon. Peru and Bolivia.
Augastes lumachellus {Less.) Bon. Brazil.
su]}erhns {Vieill.) Bon. Brazil.
Phlogophilus liemileucurus Gould. Ecuador.
Scbistes i)ersonatus Gould. Ecuador.
Adelomyia inornata Gould. Peru and Bolivia.
cMorospila Gould. Peru.
Anthocepbala floriceps {Gould) Cah. et Heine. Colombia.
Agloeactis castelnaudi {Bourc. et Muls.) Gould. Peru.
I)amela {JD^Orb. et Lafr.) Gould. Bolivia.
Eriocnemis assimilis Elliot. Bolivia.
squamata Gould. Ecuador,
mosquera {Bourc. et Delattr.) Reich. Colombia,
glaucopoides {D^Orb. et Lafr.) Elliot. Bolivia,
sappbiropygia Taczan. Peru,
cbrysorama Elliot. Ecuador,
godini {Bourc.) Reich. Ecuador,
smaragdinipectus Gould. Ecuador,
nigrivestis {Bourc. et Muls.) Reich. Ecuador,
dyselius Elliot. Ecuador.
Uranomitra microrbyncba Elliot. Honduras ?
cyanicollis {Gould) Reich. Peru.
Agyrtria viridiceps Gould. Ecuador.
norrisi {Bourc.) Elliot. Mexico.
compsa Hein. Guiana.
neglecta Elliot. Bolivia.
bartletti Gould. Eastern Peru.
nitidifrons Gould. Venezuela?
cseruliceps Gould. Colombia.
tobaci {Gmel.) Elliot. Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela, Guiana,
and Brazil,
apicalis {Gould) Hein. Colombia,
maculicauda {Gould) Heine. Guiana,
luciaj Lawr. Honduras.
nigricauda Elliot. Trinidad, Guiana, and Northeastern Bra-
zil.
190 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Agyrtria nitidicauda Elliot. Guiana,
taczanowskii Scl. Peru (prov. Cajamarca).
pelzelni Taczan. Upper Amazons ((juajango).
Arinia boucardi Muls. Costa Rica.
Euplierusa poliocerca Elliot. Mexico.
Polytmus leucorrhous Scl. et Salv. Brazil and Peru.
Amazilia pristina Gould. Ecuador and Peru,
leucoplisea Reich. Peru,
alticola Gould. Ecuador,
ocai Gould. Mexico,
iodura (Sauc.) Elliot. Colombia,
lucida Elliot. Colombia.
felicifB {Less.) Elliot. Venezuela,
warszewiczi {Cab. & Hein.) Elliot. Colombia,
saucerottii {Bourc. et Delatt.) Elliot. Colombia,
elegans {Gould) Elliot. (Hab. ignot.)
Eucephala smaragdo-cserulea Gould. Brazil.
cseruleo-laA'ata Gould. Brazil,
scapulata Gould. Guiana?
hypocyanea Gould. Brazil?
subceerulea Elliot. Brazil 1
chlorocepbala {Bourc.) Gould. Ecuador,
cyanogenys {Prinz.) Gould. Brazil.
Timolia lercbi [Muls. et Verr.) Muls. Colombia,
lacbe magica {3£uls. et Verr.) Elliot. Mexico.
Hylocbaris lactea {Less.) Gray. Brazil.
viridiventris Berlepsch. Trinidad and Venezuela.
Chlorostilbou auriceps Gould. Northwestern Mexico.
Panychlora aliciae {Bourc. et Muls.) Cab. et Hein. Venezuela,
stenura Cab. et Heine. Venezuela.
Family Cypselid^.
CypseliTS squamatus Cass. Guiana and Amazons.
audicola Lafr. et WOrb. Bolivia and Peru.
Panyptila cayanensis {Gni.). Guiana.
Hemiprocne biscutata {Scl.). Southern and Eastern Brazil.
Chsetura cinereicauda Cass. Brazil.
cinereiventris Scl. Brazil.
sclateri Pelzeln. Upper Amazons.
si)inicauda {Temm.). Guiana.
fumosa Salv. Veragua and Colombia.
Cypseloides seuex {Temm.). Brazil.
fumigatus {Streubel). Brazil and Peru.
Family Caprimulgid^.
Nyctibius longicaudatus {Spix). Upper Amazons,
leucopterus {Max.). Brazil.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 191
Xyctibius bracteatus Gould. Guiana.
Lurocalis semitorqnatus {Gm.). Guiana and Amazons.
nattereri [Temm,). Brazil.
Chordeiles pusillus Gould. Brazil.
]S"yctiprogne leucopygia {Spix). Amazons and Brazil.
Antrostomus sericeo-caudatus Cass. South America.
nigrescens Cab. Guiana, Amazons, and Colombia,
maculicaudus [Laicr.]. Bolivia and Peru.
Stenopsis cayennensis ( Gm.). Guiana, Tobago, Martinique, and Colombia,
ruficervix Scl. Colombia and Ecuador,
sequicaudata {Pcale). Western Peru.
Hydropsalis trifurcata Natt. Upper Amazons.
furcifera ( Vieill). Interior of Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia,
and Argentine Kepublic.
lyra Bp. Colombia and Venezuela,
segmentata Cassin. Colombia and Ecuador.
Heleotbreptus anomalus {Gould). Interior of Brazil.
Steatornis caripensis Humb. Colombia, Venezuela, and Trinidad.
Family PiciD^.
Picumnus ruflventris Bp. Upper Amazons.
cinnamomeus Wagl. Coasts of Venezuela and Colombia,
castelnaudi Malh. Eastern Peru,
leucogaster Pelz. Interior of Guiana,
minutus (Linn.). Brazil,
aurifrons Pelz. Upper Amazons,
cirrhatus Temm. Brazil,
lepidotus Cab. et Rein. Guiana,
squamatulus Lafr. Colombia and Venezuela,
albo-squamatus Xa/r. etd^Orb. Bolivia,
sclateri Taczan. Western and Northern Peru,
micromegas Sund. Brazil!
lawrencei Cory. Haiti.
Campephilus imperialis Gould. Western Mexico.
sclateri Malli. Western Ecuador.
trachelopyrus {Malh.). Amazons.
Hylotomus galeatus {Temm.). South Brazil.
Chloronerpes sanguinolentus 8cl. Honduras.
sedulus {Cah. et Heine.). Guiana.
ruficeps {Spix). Lower Amazons and interior of Brazil.
hilaris ( Cab. et Heine.). Upper Amazons.
tsenionotus {Reich.). Brazil.
malherbei Scl. Bolivia and Ecuador.
simplex Salvin. Chiriqui.
capistratus {Malh.). Interior of Guiana and Upper Ama-
zons.
192 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Chloronerpes Icucoloemus {Malli.). Interior of Brazil.
dignus Scl. et Salv. Colombia,
callopterus Later. Panama,
xanthoclilorus 8cl. et Salv. Venezuela.
Chrysoptilus specipsus Sol. Upper Amazons.
icteromelas {Vieill.). Interior of Brazil,
cristatus ( Vieill). Argentine Eepublic.
atricollis {MaJli.). Western Peru.
Melanerpes pulclier Scl. Colombia.
Centurus bypopolius ( Wagl.). Mexico.
terricolor Berlepsch. "Orinoco district, or Trinidad."
rubriventris Swains. Yucatan?
Hypoxantbus atriceps Scl et Salv. Higb regions of Peru and Bolivia.
brevirostris Taczan. Central Peru.
Colaptes stolzmanni Taczan. Nortb Peru.
leucofrenatus v. Martens. Argentine Eepublic (Mendoza).
Celeus torquatus [Bodd.). Guiana,
elegans {Miill.). Guiana.
reicbenbachi (MalJi.). Venezuela and Trinidad,
flavus {Miill). Guiana, Venezuela, and Amazons,
citreopygius Scl. et Salv. Upper Amazons,
grammicus {Bfalh.). Guiana and Upper Amazons,
multi-fasciatus (Malh.). Amazons,
subflavus Scl et Salv. Brazil (Babia).
immaculatus Berlepsch. Panama (?).
spectabilis Scl et Salv. Eastern Ecuador.
Family Momotid^.
Momotus nattereri Scl. Interior of Brazil and Bolivia.
castaneiceps Gould. Guatemala.
Barypbtbengus ruflcapillus ( Vieill). Brazil and Paraguay.
Family Todid^.
Todus pulcberrimus Sharpe. Jamaica (?).
Family Alcedinidje.
Ceryle stellata {Meyen.). Cbili and Patagonia.
Family Trogonid^.
Trogon cbionurus Scl et Salv. Panama.
aurautius Spix. Brazil.
Euptllotis neoxenus {Gould). Mexico.
Pbaromacrns fulgidus {Gould). Colombia and Venezuela.
l)avoninus {i^-pix). Upper Amazons.
beliactin Cah. et Heine. Eastern Ecuador.
xantbogaster Turati et Salvad. Colombia.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 193
Family Galbulidjs.
Galbula cyaneicollis Gassin. Lower Amazons,
leucogastra Vieill. Guiana,
chalcothorax Scl. Eastern Ecuador,
tombacea cyanescens {I>ev.). Amazons,
tombacea fuscicapilla (Sel.). Colombia,
albirostris chalcocephala (Dev.). Eastern Peru.
Urogalba amazonum Scl. Lower Amazons.
Brachygalba goeriugi Scl. et Salv. Venezuela.
albigularis (Spix). Upper Amazons,
melanosterna [ScL). Interior of Brazil and Bolivia,
salmoni Scl. et Salv. Colombia.
Jacamaralcyon tridactyla {Pall.). Brazil.
Jacamerops isidorei Bev. Upper Amazons.
Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis Des Murs. Upper Amazons.
Family BuccoNm^.
Bucco pectoralis Gray. Panama.
ordi Gass. Interior of Guiana and Venezuela,
tectus [Bodd.). Guiana,
picatus Scl. Upper Amazons,
pulmentum Bp. Upper Amazons,
striolatus Pelz. Interior of Brazil,
lanceolatus Beville. Peru and Eastern Ecuador,
macrorbyncbus napensis {Scl.) Eastern Ecuador.
Malacoptila fusca {Gm.). Guiana, Upper Amazons, and Colombia,
rufa {Spix). Upper Amazons,
castanea Yerreaux. Ecuador,
fnlvogularis Scl. Bolivia and Peru.
substriata Scl. Colombia,
aspera Scl. Venezuela.
Nonnula rubecula {Spix). Lower Amazons.
ruficapilla {Tscli.). Upper Amazons.
Monasa morpheus {Halm.). Brazil.
Chelidoptera brasiliensis Scl. Brazil.
Family Cuculid^.
iN'eomorphus geoffroyi (Temm.). Brazil.
salvini Scl. Nicaragua to Colombia.
I)ucherani Beville. Upper Amazons,
rufipennis Gray. Guiana,
radiolosus Scl. et Salv. Ecuador.
Dromocoecyx phasianellus mexicauus {Bp.). Mexico and Guatemala.
Diplopterus nsevius (?) chocbi ( Vieill.). South Brazil and Paraguay.
(?) lessoni {Bp.). (Hab. ignot.)
Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 13 Nov. 18, 1881.
4
194 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Hyetornis pluvialis rufigularis " Herz. v Wurtemh.''^ St. Domingo.
Piaya cay ana nigricrissa {Scl.). Ecuador, Chiriqui.
Coccygus ferruginens Gould. Cocos Island,
lindeui Allen. Lower Amazons.
euleri Caban. Southeastern Braxil.
Family Ehamphastid^.
Ehamphastos inca Gould. Bolivia and Peru,
citreolsemus Gould. Colombia.
osculans Gould. Interior of Guiana and Lower Amazons,
culminatus Gould. Upper Amazons.
Pteroglossus wiedi Sturm. Brazil.
erythropygius Gould. Nicaragua.
inscriptus Wagler. Lower Amazons and interior of Bra-
zil,
beauliarnaisi Wagl. Upper Amazons,
sturmi Natt. Banks of Madeira Eiver.
azarte ( VieilL). Interior of Guiana.
Selenidera gouldi {N'att.). Lower Amazons.
natterevi {Gould). Interior of Guiana,
reinwardti ( Wagl.). Eastern Ecuador.
Andigena laminirostris Gould. Western Ecuador,
hypoglaucus {Gould). Ecuador and Peru,
cucullatus {Gould). Bolivia.
Aulacorhamj)hus sulcatus 8w. Venezuela.
derbianus {Gould). Ecuador and Bolivia,
atrogularis {Sturm). Peru,
cyanolsemus Gould. Ecuador.
Family CAPiTONiD-aE.
Ca];)ito quinticolor Elliot. Colombia.
versicolor {IlillL). Upper Amazons,
aurantiicollis Scl. Upper Amazons,
squamatus Salv. Western Ecuador.
Family Psittacid^.
Ara hyacinthina {Lath.). Interior of Brazil.
spixi ( Wagl.). Brazil.
rubrigenis Lafr. Bolivia.
tricolor {Bechst.). Cuba.
caniude ( Wagl.). Paraguay.
halini {Souance). Guiana, Venezuela, and Amazons.
leari {Bp.). Brazil ?
couloni Scl. High Eastern Peru.
Khynchopsitta pachyrhyncha {Sw.). Mexico.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 195
Conurus icterotis {Mass. et Souance). Colombia,
hsemorrlioiis (Spix). Brazil,
liiteus {Bodd.). Lower Ainazous.
wagleri Gray. Venezuela and Colombia,
solstitialis {Linn.). Guiana and Amazons,
jendaya {Gm.). Brazil.
seruginosus {Linn.). Venezuela and interior of Guiana,
cactorum (il/«*.). Brazil,
devillei Mass. et Souance. Bolivia,
roseifrons G. B. Gray. Upp^r Amazons,
rhodocephalus 8cl. et Salv. High Venezuela,
luciani Beville. Upper Amazons,
perlatus {Spix). Lower Amazons,
molinae 3Iass. et Souance. Interior of Brazil,
rhodogaster Scl. Banks of the Madeira,
htematotis {Souance). Venezuela,
melanurus S2nx. Interior of Guiana.
souanca?i Verr. Upper Amazons,
hilaris Burni. Paraguay,
egregius Scl. Guiana (Demeraraf).
glaucifrons v. Martens. Argentine Eepublic (prov. S. tiuis).
Bolborhynchus monachus {Bodd.). Interior of Brazil, Paraguay, and
Argentine Eepublic.
luchsi Pels. Bolivia.
aymara fP Orb. Bolivia and Western Argentine Eepublic.
rubrirostris Burm. Western Argentine Eej)ublic.
orbignianus {Bp.). Bolivia and Peru,
andicola {Finsch). Peru.
Brotogerys virescens {Gm.). Lower Amazons.
subciBrulea {Later.). Panama,
fermgineifrons Laivr. Colombia.
jugularis Beville. Interior of Guiana and Upper Amazons,
tuiijara {Gm.). Guiana, Venezuela, and Lower Amazons,
chrysosema Scl. Banks of the Eiver Madeira,
tui {Gm.). Brazil.
Chrysotis festiva {Linn.). Guiana, Venezuela, and Amazons,
bodini Finsch. (Hab. ignot.)
cyanopsis ( Vieill.). Antilles,
pretrei {Temm.). South Brazil,
viridigenalis Cassin. Colombia and Ecuador,
dufresuiana {Kuhl.). Brazil,
nattereri Finsch. Interior of Brazil,
ochroptera {Gm.). Venezuela,
xanthops {Spix). Interior of Brazil,
erythrura {Kuhl.). Brazil,
lactifrons Later. (Hab. ignot.)
196 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Ghrysotis CfEligena Lau-r. Guiana.
canipalliata Gahan. Colombia,
panamensis Cahan. Panama.
Pionus corallinus i?j>. Ecuador.
sordidus (Linn.). Venezuela,
violaceus (Bodd.). Guiana and Lower Amazons.
Pionopsitta melanotis {Lafr.). Boli%aa.
l)yrrhops ISalv. Western Ecuador.
Caica pyrilia {Bp.). Colombia.
vulturina [Kuhl.). Lower Amazons,
leucogastra {Kuhl.). Lower Amazons.
TJrochroma stictoptera Scl. Colombia,
surda [Kuhl.). Brazil,
melanonota {Kuhl.). Brazil,
purpurata {Gm.). Guiana and Lower Amazons,
dilectissima Scl. et 8alv. Venezuela.
Psittacula sclateri Gray. TJi)i3er Amazons.
Family Strigid^.
Aluco punctatissima Gould. Galapagos Islands,
liammea glaucops {Kaup.). St. Domingo.
Ciccaba huliula {Baud.). Guiana, Amazons, and Brazil,
melanonota {Tsch.). Brazil and Peru,
suinda {Vieill.). Brazil and Paraguay,
cayenuensis {Gm.). Guiana,
polygrammica Gray. Brazil,
albigularis Gassin. Colombia and Ecuador,
nigro-lineata spilonota {Gray). Colombia.
Strix ruflx)es {King). Patagonia.
bylopbilum {Temm.). Brazil, Guiana, and Venezuela.
Nyctalitiuus barrisi {Gassin). Colombia.
Lophostrix cristata {Baud.). Guiana and Lower Amazons.
Scops nudipes {Vieill.). Costa Rica to Colombia.
brasilianus atricapillus {Temm.) Northern Brazil,
brasilianus ustus Scl. Upper Amazons.
Speotyto cunicularia guadeloupensis Eidg. Island of Guadeloupe.
Glaucidium phalsenoides {Baud.). Trinidad.
tephronotum Sharpe. South America,
cobanense Sharpe. Central Guatemala.
Family Falconed^.
Eupornis magnirostris saturatus {Scl. et Salv.). Bolivia.
Buteo galapagensis {Gould). Galapagos Islands.
unicolor B^Orh. et Lafr. Bolivia.
hypospodius Gurney. Brazil, Amazons, Venezuela, and Colombia.
poecilochrous Gurney. Ecuador.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 197
Urubitinga gundlaclii {Gahan.). Cuba.
Leucopternis palliata (Felz.). Brazil.
scotoptera [Max.). Brazil.
albicoUis (Lath.). Gruiana, Amazons, Venezuela, and Trin-
idad,
melanops {LatJi.) Guiana and Amazons,
superciliaris {Pelz.). Lower Amazons,
princeps Scl. Costa Eica.
plumbea ^alv. Ecuador,
occidentalis Salv. Western Ecuador.
Plangus neogseus Sundev. Brazil.
Harpyhaliaetus coronatus {Vieill.). South Brazil to Patagonia.
Morphnus tceniatus Gurney. Eastern Ecuador.
Spizaiitus isidorei {Des Murs). Colombia.
Accipiter guttatus ( Vieill.). Bolivia and Paraguay.
• pectoralis Bp. Brazil and Amazons,
fringilloides {Yig.). Cuba,
cliionogaster Kaup. Guatemala and Venezuela.
coUaris Scl. Colombia,
nigro-plumbeus Later. Western Ecuador,
salvini Eidgw. Venezuela,
poliogaster (Temm.). Brazil.
Micrastur zonothor.ix (Ca&.). Venezuela and Colombia.
concentricus (Less.). Guiana, Amazons, and Bolivia,
amaurus Gurney. Panama,
pelzelni Eidgic. Eastern Peru.
Geranospizias hemidactylus {Tcmm.). Guiana and Amazons.
Tinnunoulus [?] ferrugineus {De Sauss.) Eidgw. Haiti
(?) Eostrhamus leucopygus {8pix). Brazil.
taeniurus Gab. Amazons.
Eegerhinus megarhyuchus {Des Murs). Upper Amazons.
Spiziapteryx circumcinctus {Kaup). Argentine Eepublic.
(?) Ibycter formosus (Lath.). Brazil.
ater {Vieill.). Colombia, Guiana, and Amazons.
Milvago carunculatus {Des Murs). Colombia and Ecuador,
albigularis {Gould). Patagonia.
Family Cathartid^.
Cathartes pernigra Sharpe. Brazil.
Sarcorliamplius aequatorialis Sharpe. Ecuador, Peru, and Chili.
" Family Pelecanid^.
Pelecanus molinse Gray. Coasts of Chili and Peru.
Family Phalacrocoracid^.
Phalacrocorax bougainvillei {Less.). Peru and Chili.
198 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Family Ardeid^.
Butorides plumbeus (Sund.). Galapagos Islands.
Tigrisoma fasciatum (Such). Brazil.
Nyctherodius pauper Scl. et Salv. Galapagos Islands.
Family Plataleld^.
Cercibis oxycerca (Spix). Colombia, Amazons, Guiana, and Brazil.
Family Phcenicopterid^.
Phoenicopterus glypborhynchus Gray. Galapagos Islands,
andinus Philippi. Cbilian Andes.
Family Palamedeid^.
Palamedea cornuta Linn. Guiana and Amazons.
Cbauna derbiana Gray. Coast-region of Colombia.
Family Anatid^.
"Bernicla" dispar Ph. et Landh. Chili, Argentine Eepublic, and Pate-
gonia.
poliocepbala [Gray). Chili, Pategonia, and Falkland Isl-
ands,
rubidiceps {Scl.). Falkland Islands,
inornata {King). Patagonia.
Sarcidiornis melanonota {Gm.). Paraguay to Guiana.
" Anas" chalcoptera Kittl. Chili and Patagonia.
Querquedula torquata ( Vieill.). Argentine Eepublic.
oxyptera {Meyen). Peru,
andium Scl. et Salv. Ecuador,
versicolor {Vieill.) Argentine Eepublic, Chili, Patagonia,
and Falkland Islands,
puna {Tsch.). Peru and Bolivia.
" Fuligula " nationi Scl. Western Peru.
Merganetta turner! Scl. et Salv. High Peru.
leucogenys Tsch. Colombia to Peru.
"Mergus" brasiliensis {Vieill.). South Brazil.
Family Columbid^.
Columba gymuophthalma Temm. Interior of Brazil.
j)lumbea Vieill. Brazil, Peru, and Colombia.
albipeunis Scl. et Salv. Peru, and high Bolivia.
Zenaida ruficauda Bp. Venezuela and Colombia.
Metriopelia aymara {Knip et Prevost). Bolivia and Peru.
Melopelia plumbescens Lau-r. Guiana.
Columbula campestris {Spix). Interior of Brazil.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 199
Chamaepelia criiziana {Knip et Prev.). Peru and Western Ecuador.
buckleyi Scl. et Salv. Ecuador.
Gymnopelia erythrothorax {Meyen). Bolivia and Western Peru.
Peristera geoftroyi {Temm.) Brazil.
cyanopis Peheln. Interior of Brazil.
Leptoptila ochroptera Pelz. Brazil.
megalura Scl. et Salv. Bolivia.
Geotrygon caniceps Cah. Cuba,
frenata {Tsch.). Peru.
Osculatia sapphiriua Bp. Western Ecuador.
puri3urata Salv. Ecuador.
Family Ceacid^.
Crax globulosa Spix. Upper Amazons,
daubentoni Gray. Venezuela,
carunculata Temm. South Brazil,
alberti Fraser. Colombia,
mikani Pels. (Hab. ignot.)
pinima Pelz. Brazil (Para),
erythroguatba Scl. et Salv. Interior of Colombia.
Notbocrax urumutum Spix. Guiana and Upper Amazons.
Pauxi galeata {Lath.). Guiana and Venezuela.
Mitua tuberosa (Spix). Guiana, Upper Amazons, and Peru,
tomentosa (Spix). Guiana,
salvini Beinh. Brazil.
Stegnolaema montagnii {Bp.). Colombia and Ecuador.
Penelope greeyi Gray. Colombia.
jacucaca Spix. Eastern Brazil,
jacupeba Spix. South Brazil,
cristata {Linn.). Costa Pica to Colombia, Guiana,
boliviana Belch. Upper Amazons,
rufiventris Tsch. Bolivia and Peru,
pileata Wagl. Amazons,
ochrogaster Pelz. Interior of Brazil,
rufiventris Tschudi. Peru and Bolivia,
sclateri Gray. Bolivia.
Pipile cujubi {Pelz.). Lower Amazons.
Aburria carunculata Belch. Colombia.
ChamsBpetes goudoti {Lesson). Colombia to Peru.
Ortalida motmot {Linn.). Guiana.
araucuan {Sj)ix). Lower Amazons.
ruficeps Wagl. Brazil.
ruficauda Jard. Tobago and Venezuela.
canicollis Wagl. Paraguay.
albiventris Wagl. Eastern Brazil.
caracco Wagl. Colombia and Upper Amazons.
200 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Ortalida superciliaris Gray. (Hab. igot.)
ruficrissa 8cl. et Salv. Colombia.
Ifeucogastra Gould. Western Guatemala and Nicaragua,
garrula {Rumb.). Colombia,
erytliroptera JScl. et Salv. Western Ecuador.
Family Perdicidje.
Cyrtonyx sallsei Verreaux. Mexico.
Eupsycbortyx sonuinii {Temm.). Guiana and Venezuela.
parvicristatus Gould. Colombia.
leucotis Gould. Colombia.
hypoleucus Gould. Gautemala.
Dendrortyx macrurus (Jard. et Selby). Mexico.,
barbatus Gould. Mexico.
Odontopborus pacbyrhynchus Gould. Peru and Colombia.
speciosus Tsch. Peru.
dentatus Temm. Brazil.
columbianus Gould. Venezuela.
stellatus Gould. Upper Amazons.
balliviani Gould. Bolivia and Peru.
stropbium Gould. South America.
tboracicus Gambel. Mexico and Guatemala*
erytbrops Gould. Ecuador.
melanonotus Gould. Ecuador.
byperytbrus Gould. Colombia.
byposjiodius 8d. et Salv. Colombia.
spodiostetbus Salv. Veragua.
cinctus Salv. Veragua.
Family Eax,lid^,
Eallus maculatus Bodd. Panama, Colombia, Trinidad, Guiana, Para-
guay, and South Brazil,
antarcticus King. Chili,
semiplumbeus Scl. Colombia,
nigricans Vieill. South Brazil and Paraguay.
Aramides albiveutris Lawr. Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras,
ruflcollis {Gm.). Guiana.,
saracura (Sinx). Paraguay and South Brazil,
mangle {Spix). South and East Brazil,
calopterus Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador.
Porzana albicollis ( Vieill). Paraguay, South Brazil, Guiana, and Vene-
zuela,
cayennensis (Gm,). Guiana, Amazons, and Brazil,
levraudi Scl. et Salv. Venezuela,
concolor (Gosse). Jamaica, Guatemala, and Brazil.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 201
Porzana caataneiceps Scl. et Salv. Eastern Peru,
hanxwelli Sol. et Salv. Upper Amazous.
inelanophoea [Vieill.). South Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and
Venezuela,
albigularis [Laivr.). Panama, Costa Eica, and Mosquita.
leucopyrrha {Vieill.). Paraguay, Argentine Eepublic, and
South Brazil,
flaviveutris (Bodd.). Guiana, Jamaica, Cuba,Venezuelaj Brazil,
and Paraguay,
spilonota (Gould). Galapagos Islands,
notata (Gould). Argentine Republic and Patagonia,
cinerea (Vieill.). Guiana, Amazous, Peru, and Trinidad,
erythrops Scl. Western Peru,
oenops Sel. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador.
Thyrorhina schomburgki (Cah.). Guiana and Yenezuelar.
lonornis i)arvus (Bodd.). Guiana, Amazons, and interior of Brazil.
Fulica cornuta Bp. Bolivia.
ardesiaca TscJi. Bolivia to Ecuador.
armillata Vieill. South Brazil, Paraguay, Patagonia, and Chili.
leucopygia (Hartl.). Uruguay, Patagouai, Falkland Islands, and
Chili,
leucoptera Vieill. Argentine Republic, Uruguay, and Bolivia.
Family Psophiid^.
Psophia crepitans Linn. Guiana.
napensis Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador,
ochroptera Pelz. Interior of Guiana,
leucoptera Spix. Upper Amazous.
viridis Spix. Banks of the Madeira River,
obscura Pelz. Lower Amazons.
Family CEdicnemid^.
CEdicnemis superciUaris Tsch. Western Peru.
Family Chaeadriid^.
Pluvianellus sociabilis J3bm&r. et Jacq. Straits of Magellan.
Family H^matopodidje.
Hsematopus leucopus (Gar not). Falkland Islands.
Family Thinogorid^.
Attagis latreillei Lesson. Bolivia.
chimborazensis Scl. Andes of Ecuador.
malouiua (Bodd.). Falkland Islands and Straits of Magellan.
Thinocorus orbignyanus Geoffr. et Less. Chili and Peru.
202 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Family Eecurvirostrid^.
Eecurvirostra andina Fli. et Landh. High Peru.
Family Scolopacid^.
Gallinago freiiata {Max.). Guiana, Brazil, and Antarctic America.
undulata {Bodd.). Guiana.
gigantea {Tenini.). South Brazil.
stricklandi Gray. Chili and Patagonia.
jamesoui {Bj).). High Ecuador.
imperiahs Scl. et Salv. High Colombia.
Phegoruis mitchelli {Frascr). Chili.
Family Larid^.
Sterna exilis Tsch. Peru and Chili.
euryguatha Saunders. Brazil and Trinidad.
Larus fuligiuosus Gould. Galapagos Islands.
serrauus T,sch. Peru, Bolivia, and Argentine Eepublic.
Megalestris chilensis [Bj).). Chili and Straits of Magellan.
Family Procellariid^.
Diomedea melanophrys [Temm.). Falkland Islands and coasts of Ant-
arctic America.
Procellaria tethys Bonap. Galapagos Islands.
Pelagodroma marina (Lath.). Coasts of Southern South America.
PufQnus elegans Gigl. et Salvad. South Atlantic Ocean,
tenebrosus JSfatt. Coasts of Antarctic America.
Prioflnus antarcticus (Gm.). Straits of Magellan.
CEstrelata fiiliginosa (Kuhl.). Coasts of Brazil.
phaiopygia Salv. Galapagos Islands.
defilippiana Gigl. et Salvad. Southeastern Pacific.
arminjoniana Gigl. et Salvad. Trinidad and Southern Atlantic.
mageutfe Gigl. et Salvad. South Pacific Ocean.
externa Salv. Island of Mas-a-fuera.
Prion vittatus {Gm.). Coasts of Brazil.
Halodroma berardi {Q. et G.). Falkland Islands.
Pseudoprion turtur {Smith). Falkland Islands.
Family PODICEPEDID^.
Centropelma micropterum Gould. High Bolivia.
Family Spheniscid^.
Eudyptula serresiana Oust. Faierland Islands.
Spheniscus mendiculus Sund. Galapagos Islands.
Dasyrhamphus herculis Finsch. (Hab. ignot.)
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 203
Family Tinamid^.
Tinamus solitarius (VieUL). Paraguay and Brazil.
tao {Temm.). Amazous, Guiana, Venezuela, and Colombia,
ruliceps Scl. et iSalv. Western Ecuador to Yeragua.
major (Gm.). Brazil,
subcristatus Cah. Guiana,
guttatus Pelzeln. Upper Amazons.
Kothocercus Julius Bp. Colombia and Ecuador.
nigricapillus Gray. (Hab. ignot.)
Crypturus cinereus (Gm.). Guiana and Amazons.
obsoletus (Temm.). Brazil and Paraguay,
castaneus (Scl.). Colombia,
tataupa (Temm.), South Brazil and Paraguay,
cerviniventris Scl. ct Salv. Venezuela,
parvirostris Wagl. Brazil,
strigulosus (Temm.). Brazil,
erythropus [Pelz.). Interior of Guiana,
nocti vagus [Max.). Brazil,
variegatus (Gm.). Guiana and Lower Amazons,
bartletti Scl. et Salv. Upi)er Amazons,
radiatus Gray. Bolivia,
undulatus (Temm.). Brazil and Amazons,
trausfasciatus Scl. et Salv. Ecuador.
Ehynchotus maculicollis Gray. Bolivia.
Kothoi^rocta perdicaria {Kittl.). Chili,
ornata {Gray). Bolivia,
pentlaudi (Gray). Bolivia,
curvirostris Scl. et Salv. Ecuador,
taczanowskii Scl. et Salv. High Peru,
branickii Taczan. Central Peru,
dosringi Gahan. Argentine Eepublic.
punctulata Gay. Chili.
Kothura marmorata Gray. Bolivia.
boraquira (Spix). Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentine Eepublic.
media [Spix). Brazil.
Taoniscus nanus (Temm.). Brazil and Paraguay.
Calodromas elegans {D^Orh et Is. Geoffr.). Argentine Eepublic.
Tinamotis pentlaudi Vigors. Bolivian and Peruvian Andes.
Family Ehbid^.
Ehea macrorhyncha Scl. (Hab. ignot.)
Pterocnemis darwini {Gotdd). Patagonia.
204 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM,
DESC'ItlPTIOIV OF A NEW SUB-SPFCIES OF liOXICifflrliA FROM TIIE
ISIiAIVO OF ST. CIIRIH'rOPSIFR, WIi:ST SNDIFS.
By OEOR^E N. LA^WKEWCE.
Loxigilla portoricensis var. grandis.
Male. — The general plumage is of a deep lustrous Mack, witli tlie top
and sides of tlie crown, the throat and under tail-coverts deep bright
rufous ; the under wing-coverts are white j the bill and feet are black.
Length (skin), 8| inches; wing, 4; tail, 3j^; tarsus, 1.
As the plumage of the female is similar to that of the male, it seemed
so different from the recorded olive-colored plumage of the females of
all others of the genus, that I wrote to Mr. Ober, asking if he was con-
fident that the sexes were rightly determined 5 he rej)lied that he was.
I thought this marked difference in the coloring of the female would
entitle it to full specific distinction.
In his work on the Birds of Porto Eico, Dr. Gundlach describes the
female of L. portoricensis as being olive-colored. Therefore I wrote to
him stating the close resemblaiice between the males of the birds from
Porto Eico and St. Kitts, and called his attention to the fact that in
the latter island the female resembled the male in plumage. He an-
swered that he had just received a letter from his correspondent in
Porto Eico, Dr. Stahl, who informed him that the female of L. porto-
ricensis was like the male.
Length of 9 , 8 inches ; wing, 3f ; tail, 3^ ; tarsus, 1.
Types in the ifational Museum, Washington.
In the collection from Mr. Ober were nine specimens, one only in tne
olive-colored i)lumage, which was marked as a male. The collection
also contained specimens of LoxigiUa noctis.
Bemarls.— The above-described bird in distribution of colors closely
resembles L. portoricensis; the only noticeable difference is, that in the
Porto Eico species the under wing-coverts are white, lightly marked
with rufous. It is, however, larger, the bills as a rule markedly so, but
in the only si>ecimen in my collection from Porto Eico the bill is as large
as that of the female from St. Kitts chosen as the type 5 but that of the
male is larger.
In quite a large series of L. portoricensis belonging to the Smithsonian
Institution, the bills average much smaller. Many of these are in the
olive-colored plumage, but all are without distinction of sex.
Probably in the two forms from Porto Eico and St. Kitts, all the
olive-colored birds are the young of both sexes.
Mr. P. A. Ober visited St. Christopher on his second expedition to
the West Indies in 1880, but the time spent there was too limited to
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 205
admit of a satisfactory collection of its birds being made. The only
one obtained of special interest is that now described.
Mr. Ober's note of it is as follows:
"219. 'Black bird,' <?, Mt. Misery. May 21, 1880.
"General plumage soft, glossy black; chin and throat, top of head
and extending back over the eyes on each side, and under tail-coverts
rusty red; bill and feet black. Depth of bill f inch.
" Sexes alike ; young male diiferent.
"Length, 8 J inches; wing, 4^; alar extent, 13."
June 10, 1881.
IVOTES ON THE MOBTAtilTY AMONG FISHES OF THE GUIiF OF
MEXICO.
By S. H. JOHNSOIV.
CusTOM-HousE, Corpus Christi, Texas,
Collector's Office, June 17, 1881.
Prof. Spencer F. Baird,
U. 8. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, Washington, D. C. :
Sir : Noticing in the Forest and Stream of 9th instant some answers
to queries as to the cause of mortality among fishes in the Gulf of
IMexico, I make bold to present the result of my observations.
After very heavy rains and overflowing of rivers, the inner bays on
the Texas coast suffer a loss of from one-half to three-fourths of their
stock of salt-water fish, not including mullet, which live as well in fresh
as salt water. In fact land-locked mullet in a fresh- water pond or tank
grow to a weight of nine or ten j)Ounds.
Last winter, after a heavy rain and a freeze, all the salt-water fish in
the Laguna del Madre (a large sheet of water lying between Padre
Island and the mainland) were found dead on the banks.
We have two causes for destruction of fish here, viz., too much fresh
water and too cold weather.
In the lagoon above spoken of, in a long drought, the water gets
too salty for the fish, and they become covered with sores, and unless
relieved by a rain they die from too much salt.
I have never known any serious mortality among fish on the Gulf
coast where there was free flow of water, except during violent storms,
when many fish both small and large were beached and killed.
Very respectfully,
S. H. JOHNSO]!^,
Collector.
206 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
THE COMPARATIVE ACTION OF I>BY HEAT AND SUIiPHUBOlJS
ACID IJPOIV PUTREFACTIVE BACTERIA.
Pieces of woolen and cotton cloths and wadding were dipped in a
solution of putrefying flesh and slightly dried ; and after being shown
to be infected by causing discoloration and development of bacteria in
a Pateur solution, one portion was subjected to dry heat, and the other
to the influence of a definite quantity of sulphurous acid. When these
agents had oijerated for a certain time, the substances were brought
into a developing liquid and again observed.
These experiments, which were conducted by Dr. Wermch, were as
follows :
First. Fragments of the materials above referred to, treated as men-
tioned and dried, produced in sixteen experiments an exceptionably
rapid disturbance of the test liquid. In four experiments with wadding
this was somewhat retarded. It took j)lace most rapidly in tubes which
had been inoculated with woolen thread.
Second. After inoculation with the material which had been exposed
one or two minutes to a dry heat of 284^ to 300° F., clouding took place
in four of eight experiments ; but only after from two to three days.
With material which had been exposed from ten to sixty minntes to '
a heat of 230O-244'^ F., in five out of six experiments d development
of bacteria took place after the end of twenty- four hours.
Third. Substances which were exj)osed five minutes to a heat of 257°
to 302° F. produced no infection whatever in ten experiments. The
test liquid remained clear for eleven days from the time of inoculation.
Fourth. When the objects were exposed under a bell glass to the
action of a percentage, by volume, of 1.5, 2.2, and 3.3 of sulphurous
acid, in eight out of nine exi)eriments a bacterial clouding was devel-
oped in the sulphurized material, whether the application had continued
for one hour or twenty-two.
Fifth. In fifteen experiments, in which sulphurous acid constituted
4.6 and 7.15 per cent., by volume, of the contents of the bell glass, the
introduction of the sulphurized material produced no cloudiness, when
the exj)eriment continued six hours and more. On the other hand an
exposure of 20, 40, 60, and 200 minutes was followed by the develop-
ment of bacteria.
In conclusion, the fact was considered especially interesting that the
different fabrics gave up the infection concealed in them with different
degrees of rapidity, the woolen fiber the quickest, the linen less easily,
and the wadding with the greatest difficulty of all.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 207
r.IST OF SPECIAI. DESIDKBATA AMONCl IV«BTH AOTEKICAN BIRDS.
By KOBERT RII>G1VAY.
[The following list includes tlie species of North American birds spec-
imens of which are particularly desired by the United States ISTatioual
Museum, and which it is hoped that correspondents may be able to sup-
ply-
The species marked with a * are not represented at all in the col-
lection, consequently specimens in any plumage and of any age will be
acceptable. Of those distinguished by a t the collection contains no
American specimens, while in the case of others the particular defi-
ciencies are exj)iaiued. When no remarks follow the name of a species
it should be understood that specimens of any stage of plumage are de-
sired.
The numbers and names correspond with those of the new Smithson-
ian catalogue.]
2. Rylocichla fuscescens (Steph.) Baird. Tawny Thrush. (Young in
first plumage.)
3. HylocichJa aliciw Baird. Gray-cheeked Thrush. (Young in first
plumage.)
4. Hylocwhla ustulata (Nutt.) Baird. Eusset-backed Thrush. (Especi-
ally first plumage.)
4 a. HylocicMa ustulata swainsoni (Caban.) Eidgw. Olive-backed Thrush.
(First x)lumage.)
5. iZ^Zocic/iI«tmfl/asca^(Gmel.) Eidgw. Dwarf Thrush. (First plumage.)
t [6.] Turdus iliacns Linn. Gray-cheeked Thrush. Various stages (au-
tumnal adult only is represented).
8. Merula confirm (Baird) Eidgw. Saint Lucas Eobin. (Type speci-
men still unique.)
13 a. Harporhynclius rufus longirostris (Lafr.) Coues. Mexican Brown
Thrasher. (Especially first plumage.)
14. Harporhynclius cmereus Xautus. Saint Lucas Thrasher.
14 «. Rarporhynclius cinereus hendirei (Coues) Hensh. Bendire's
Thrasher. (Especially first plumage.)
15 a. Harporhynchus curvirostris palmeri Eidgw. Palmer's Thrasher.
(Especially first plumage.)
16 a. Harporhynclius redivivus lecontei (Lawr.) Coues. Leconte's Thrasher.
(Especially first plumage.)
17. Harporhynclius crissalis Henry. Eufous-vented Thrasher. (Especi-
ally first i)lumage.)
18. Harporhynchus graysoni Baird. Socorro Thrasher. (Especially first
plumage.)
t[20.] Oyaneculastiecica (Lum.)Bvehm. Blue-throated Warbler. (Amer-
ican specimens.)
208 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
[21.] Saxicola cenanthe (hmn.) Bechst. Stoue Chat. (First plumage.)
25. Myiadestes townsendi (Aud.) Caban. Townsend's Solitaire.
28. Polioptila plumhca JjSiivd. Plumbeus Giiatcatcher.
29. PoUoptila californica Brewster. Black-tailed Gnatcatcher.
31. Regidus ohscurus Ridgw. Dusky Kinglet.
* 32. Regulus cuvieri Aud. Cuvier's Kinglet.
[34.] Phylloscopiis borealis (Bias.) Dresser. Kennicott's Warbler.
35. Chamcea fasciata Gamb. Ground Tit.
41 h. Farus atricapillus occidentalis (Baird) Ooues. Oregon Chickadee.
1 43. Partis meridionaUs Scl. Mexican Chickadee.
[44.] Parus cinctus Bodd. Siberian Chickadee. (Especially first plum-
age.)
^ 4Q. Psaltrijmr us melanotis (Hartl.) B]). Black- eared Tit.
f 55 a. Certhia famiUaris mexicana (Gloger) Eidgw. Mexican Creeper.
t(?)59. Catlierpes mexicanus (Sw.) Baird. Mexican White-throated
Wren. (The supposed occurrence of this form in the United States
rests solely upon Giraud's type of his Certliia albifrons, said to be
from Texas, which is in the National collection.)
t GO a. ThryotJiorus ludovicianus herlandieri (Couch) Coues. Berlandier's
Wren.
60 b. ThryotJiorus ludovicianus miamensis Ridgw. Florida Wren.
62. Thryomanes brevicauda Ridgw. Guadalupe Wren.
64. Troglodytes insularis Baird. Socorro Wren.
65. Anorthura troglodytes liyemalis (Vieill.) Coues. Winter Wren.
65 a. Anorthura troglodytes pacifimis (Baird.) Ridgw. Western Winter
Wren. (First i)lumage.)
t [69.] MotaciUa alba Linn. Wliite Wagtail.
[72.] Anthus jyratensis (Lmu.) Bechst. European Titlark.
76. Heloncm sicainsoni Aud. Swainson's Warbler.
78. Helminthophagabachmani {And.) Gahan. Bachman's Warbler. (Espe-
cially the female.)
79. nelminthophaga pinus (Linn.) Baird. Blue -winged Yellow Warbler.
(First plumage.)
*80, Helminthophaga laivrencei Jlemck. Lawrence's Warbler.
81. Helminthophaga chrysoptcra (Linn.) Baird. Yellow-winged War-
bler. (First x)lumage.)
*82. Helmintliophaga leucobronchialis Brewster. White-throated War-
bler.
83. Helminthophaga luciw Cooi>er. Lucy's Warbler.
84. Helminthophaga virginim Baird. Virginia's Warbler.
85. Helminthophaga ruflc/'pilla(Wi[s.) Baird. Nashville Warbler. (First
j)lumage.)
87. Helminthophaga peregrina (Wi\s.) Bailed. Tennessee Warbler. (First
X3lumage.)
89. Parula pitiayumi insularis (Lawr.) Ridgw. Socorro Warbler. (First
plumage.)
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 209
89 a. Parula lyitiayimii nigrilora QoxxQs. Sennett's Warbler.
90. Perissoglossa tigrina (Gmel.) Baird. Cape May Warbler, (First
plumage.)
*91. Perissoglossa carhonata (Aud.) Baird. Carbonated Warbler.
92. Pcuccdramns olivaceus (Giraud) Coues. Olive-lieaded Warbler. (Es-
pecially first plumage.)
94. Deyidroeca cwrulescens (Linn.) Baird. Black-throated Blue Warbler.
(First idumage.)
97. I>€n(lr(]eca 7naculosa {Gme\.)Baird. Black-and-yellow Warbler. (First
plumage.)
99. Dendrccca pennsylvanica (Liun.) Baird. Chestnut-sided Warbler.
(First plumage.)
100. Bendroeca castanea (Wils.) Baird. Bay-breasted Warbler. (First
plumage.)
103. Dendrceca dominica (Linn.) Baird. Tellow-throated Warbler.
103 f(. I>endroeca dominica albiloraH-Aird. White-browed yellow-throated
W^arbler. (First plumage.)
106. Dendrosca chrysoparia Scl. & Salv. Golden-cheeked Warbler. (A
series very desirable.)
108. Dendrceca toivnsendi (Nutt.) Baird. Townsend's Warbler. (Esi)e-
cially first plumage.)
110. Dendrceca Jcirtlandi Baird. Kirtland's Warbler.
*112 Dendrceca montana (Wils.) Baird. Blue Mountain Warbler.
113. Dendrceca palmarum (Gmel.) Baird. Eed-poll Warbler. (First
plumage.)
114. Dendrceca discolor (Vieill.) Baird. Prairie Warbler. (First plu-
mage.)
* lie a. Siurus nmvius notaMlis Grinnell. Grinnell's Water Thrush.
118. Oporornisagilis (Wi\s,.)B-A\iCi. Connecticut Warbler. (Especially
first plumage.)
120. Geothlyins Philadelphia (Wils.) Baird. Mourning Warbler. (First
plumage.)
121. Gcothlypis macgiUivrayi (Aud.) Baird. Macgillivray's W^arbler.
(First plumage.)
* 126. Myiodioctes minutus (Wils.) Baird. Small-headed Flycatcher.
127. Myiodioctes canadensis (Linn.) Aud. Canadian Flycatching War-
bler. (First j)lumage.)
\(i)loi). Betophaga miwiato Swains. Eed-bellied Eedstart. (Giraud's
type of his " Muscicapa derhami,^^ said to be from Texas, is in the
National Museum collection.)
t(f)132. Ergaiicus ruber (Swains.) Baird. Eed Warbler. (The type
siiecimen of Giraud's '•'■ Parus leucotis^^ is in the collection, and is said
to have been obtained in Texas.)
t(?) 133. Basileuterus cidicivorus (Licht.) Bonap. Brasher's Warbler.
(Type of ^^ Muscicapa brasieri^^ Giraud, said to have been obtained in
Texas, is in the collection.)
Proc. ISsit. Mus. 81 14 ]\«v. SO, 1881.
210 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
(f!) 134. Basileuterus helli (Girand) Scl. Bell's Warbler. (The type
specimen, one of Giraud's "Sixteen Sjiecies of Texan Birds," is in the
collection.)
135. Vireosylvia olivacea CLinn.) B]). Red-eyed Vireo. (First plumage.)
136. Vireosylvia agiHs flaiio-viridis {(J'dSH.) Ridgw. Yellow-green Vireo.
(Especially first plumage.)
137. Vireosylvia calidris harhatula (Caban.) Eidgw. Black-Trhiskered
Vireo. (Especially first plumage.)
138. Vireosylvia philadelphica Cass. Philadelphia Vireo. (Especially
first plumage.)
140. Lanivireoflavifrons [Yiei\l.)'Ba\rd. Yellow-throated Vireo. (First
plumage.)
141. Lanivireo solitaritis (Vieill.) Baird. Blue-headed Vireo. (First
plumage.)
142. Vireo atrico.pilhis Woodh. Black-capped Vireo.
143. Vireo noveboracensis (Gm.) Bp. White eyed Vireo. (First plu-
mage.)
144. Vireo Jiuttoni Cass. Hutton's Vireo.
147. Virto vicinior Cones. Gray Vireo.
148. Lanius borealis Vieill. Great Northern Shrike. (First plumage.)
* 149 l). Lanius ludovicianus robustus Baird. Large-billed Shrike.
150. Ampelis garrulus Linn. Northern Wax- wing. (First plumage.)
152 a. Progne subis cryptoleuea Baird. Cuban Martin.
159. Gerthiola bahamensis Eeich. Bahamau Honey Creeper.
t (!) 160. Euplionia elegantissima (Bp.) Gray. Blue-headed Euphonia.
(The only presumably North American specimen of this species in the
collection is the type of '■'■Fipra galericulata^^ of Giraud.)
163. Pyranga hepatica Swains. Hepatic Tanager.
164 a. Pyranga cestiva cooperi Ridgw. Cooper's Tanager.
165. Ilesperiphona vesperfina (Cooper) Bp. Evening Grosbeak.
[167.] Pyrrhula cassini Baird. Cassin's Purple Finch.
171. Corpodacus amplus Ridgw. Guadalui^e House Finch.
1T5. Leucosticte tephrocotis Swains. Gray-crowned Rosy Finch. (Sum-
mer adults and young in first plumage.)
175a. Leucosticte tephrocotis littoraUs (Baird) Cones. Hepburn's Rosy
Finch. (Summer adults and young in first plumage.)
176. Leucosticte atrata Ridgw. Black Rosy Finch. (A series especially
desired.)
177. Leucosticte australis Allen. Brown-capped Rosy Finch. (Especially
winter specimens and young in first plumage.)
178. JEgiothus canescens Gould. Mealy RediJoll.
179 a. JEgiothus linaria holbolU (Brehm) Ridgw. Greater Redpoll.
* 180. ^Egiothus brewsteri Ridgw. Brewster's Linnet.
182 a. Astragalinus psaltria arizonm Coues. Arizona Goldfinch.
tC?) 182 b. Astragalinus psaltria mexicanus (Sw.) Coues. Mexican Gold-
finch. (With the exception of the type of Giraud's ^^Fringilla texensis "
there is no North American example of this form in the collection.)
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 211
1 184. Chrysometris notata (Du Bus) Bp. Black-headed Goldfinch.
188. Centrophanes pictus (Sw.) Csihan. Smith's Lougspur. (First plum-
age; also adults in summer.)
192. Passerculus pyincejjs Maynard. Ipswich Sparrow. (A good series
showing individual variations very much desired.)
193. Passerculus sandwichensis (Gmel.) Baird. Sandwich Sound Sparrow.
194. Passerculus anthinus Bonap. Titlark Sparrow.
195. Passerculus guttatus Lawr. Saint Lucas Sparrow.
196. Passerculus rostratus (Cass.) Baird. Large-billed Sparrow. (First
j)lumage.)
199. Cotiirniculus lienslowi (And.) Bp. Henslow's Sparrow.
200. Cotiirniculus lecontei (And.) Bp. Leconte's Sparrow.
201 a. Ammodromus caudacutus nelsoni Allen. Kelson's Sharp-tailed
Finch. (The young in first plumage particularly det^ired.)
203. Ammodromus nigrescens Kidgw. Black-and- White Sea-side Finch.
(A good series much wanted.)
205. Zonotrichia querula (Nutt.) Gamb. Harris's Sparrow. (Young in
first x)lumage a special desideratum.)
207. Zonotrichia gamheli (Nntt.) Gamh. Gambel's White-crowned Spar-
row. (A good series of adults and the young in first plumage.)
215. Spizella atrigularis (Caban.) Bd. Black-chinned Sparrow.
216. Jiinco aiTceni Eidgw. White-winged Snowbird. (Especially the
young in first plumage, and adults in summer plumage.)
219. Junco annectens Baird. Pink-sided Snowbird. (Particularly young
in first plumage.)
221. Junco dorsalis Henry. Ked-backed Snowbird.
222. Junco cinereus (Swains.) Caban. Mexican Snowbird.
223. Junco insularis Kidgw. Guadalupe Snowbird.
225. Ampliispiza helli (Cass.) Cones. Bell's Sparrow. (Particularly
young in first plumage.)
226. Peiicwa aestivalis (Licht.) Caban. Bachman's Finch. (Young in
first plumage an especial desideratum; adults also wanted.)
226 a. Peuccea aestivalis illinoensis Ridgw. Oak-wood's Sparrow.
(Young in first plumage a particular desideratum.)
227. Peuccea arizonw Ridgw. Arizona Sparrow.
228. Peuccea cassini (Woodh.) Baird. Cassin's Sparrow.
229. Peuccea carpaUs Coues. Rufous-winged Sparrow.
230. Peuccea ruficeps (Cass.) Baird. Rufous-crowned Sparrow.
230 a. Peucwa ruficeps houcardi (Scl.). Boucard's Sparrow.
231 c. Melospiza fasciata samuelis Baird. Californian Song Sparrow.
231 e. Melospiza fasciata rufina (Brandt.) Baird. Sooty Song Sparrow.
235 c. Passerella iliaca scliistacea (Baird) Allen. Slate-colored Sparrow.
236. Embernagra rufivirgata Lawr. Texas Sparrow. (Especially young
in first plumage.)
237 a. Pipilo erythrophthalmus alleni Coues. Florida Towhee. (Espe-
cially young in first plumage.)
212 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
238. Pipilo maculatus arcUcus (Swains.) Coues. Northern Towhee.
238 b. Pipilo maculatus oregonus (Bell.) Coues. Oregon Towhee.
238 c. Pipilo maculatus consobrinus Ridgw. Guadalupe Towhee.
238 d. Pipilo maculatus carmani Baird. Socorro Towhee.
240 a. Pipilo fuscus albigula (Baird) Coues. Saint Lucas Brown Towhee.
242 a. Cardinalis virginianus igneus (Baird) Coues. Saint Lucas Car-
dinal.
t247. Passerina parellina (B-p.) 'Ridgw. Blue Bunting.
250. Passerina versicolor (Bonap.) Gray. Varied Bunting.
252. Spermophila moreletii Pucheran. Morelet's Seedeater.
1 253. Phonipara zona (Linn.) Bryant. Black-faced Seedeater.
255. Spiza townsendi (And.) Ridgw. Townsend's Bunting. (Type stiU
unique.)
262. Agelceus *HcoZor (Nutt.) Bp. Red-and-white- shouldered Blackbird.
263 a. St%irnella magna mexicana (Scl.) Ridgw. Mexican Meadow Lark.
265. Icterus vulgaris Daud. Troupial.
266. Icterus auduboni Giraud. Audubon's Oriole. (Especially young
in first plumage, and intermediate stages.)
t 267. Icterus rcagleri Scl. Wagler's Oriole.
268. Icterus parisorum Bonap. Scott's Oriole.
269. Icterus cucullatus Swains. Hooded Oriole.
278 a. Quiscalus purpureus aglceus (Baird) Coues. Florida Grackle.
t [279.] Sturnus vulgaris Linn. European Starling.
281. Gorvus cryptoleucus Couch. White-necked Raven.
282 i. Gorvus frugivorus caurinus (Baird) Ridgw. ISTorth western Fish
Crow.
287. Pica nuttalli Aud. Yellow-billed Magpie.
1 288. Psilorhinus morio ( Wagl.) Gray. Brown Jay.
291. Aphelocoma floridana (Bartr.) Caban. Florida Jay. (Especially
young in first plumage.)
1 294. Aphelocoma ultramarina couchi Baird. Couch's Jay.
295. Aphelocoma sordida arizoncc Ridgw. Arizona Jay.
296. Xanthura luxuosa (Less.) Bp. Green Jay. (Especially j^oung in
first plumage.)
297. Perisoreus canadensis (Linn.) Bp. Canada Jay.
298. Perisoreus obscurus Ridgw. Oregon Jay.
t [299.] Alauda arvensis Linn. Sky Lark.
t [302.] Milvulus tyrannus (Linn.) Bp. Fork-tailed Flycatcher.
303. Tyrannus dominicensis (Gm.) Reich. Gray Kingbird.
305. Tyrannus melancholicus couchi Baird. Couch's Kingbird.
t('?) 309. Myiozetetes texensis (Giraud) Scl. Giraud's Flycatcher. (The
type specimen of this species is the only specimen in the collection
from north of Mexico, and the locality of this is perhaps somewhat
doubtful.)
.t(^) 314. Myiarchus lawrencei (Giraud) Baird. Lawrence's Flycatcher.
(No North American specimen in the collection, except the type of
the species, said to be from Texas.)
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED -STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 213
323. Emindonax difficilis Baird. Western Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.
t(?) 329. Umjndonax fidvifrons {Givaud) ^c\. Fulvous Flycatcher. (The
same remarks ai)ply to this as to No. 314),
329 a. Emindonax fidvifrons paJlescens Cones. Bnff-breasted Flycatcher.
t332. Fachyrhamjplnis major (Bonap.) Scl. Thick-billed Flycatcher.
t333. Hadrostomus aglaiw (Lafr.) Cab. Eose-throated Flycatcher.
341. f^eJasjihorus allcni Hensh. Allen's Hummingbird.
342. Atthis heloiscv (Less.) Eeich. Heloise's Huiumingbird.
344. Calotliorax liicifer (Swains.) Gray. Lucifer Hummingbird.
347. Basilinna xantusi (Lawr.) Elliott. Xantus's Hummingbird.
349. Cypselus saxatlUs Woodh. White-throated Swift. (Especially
young in first plumage.)
350. Cypseloides niger horealls (Keunerly) Eidgw. Black Swift.
352. Chcctura vauxi (Towns.) De Kay. Vaux's Swift.
359. Camiyephilus principalis (Linn.) Gray. Ivory -billed Woodpecker.
(Especially young, of both sexes.)
302. Picus querulus Wils. Eed-cockaded Woodpecker. (Especially
young.)
363 a. Picus scalar is lucasamis (Xaut.) Eidgw. Saint Lucas Wood-
pecker.
365. Picus stricTiUmdi Malh. Strickland's Woodpecker.
367. Picoidcs arcticus (Swains.) Gray. Black-backed Three-toed Wood-
pecker. (Especially young, of both sexes.)
308. Picoidcs tridactylus amcricanus (Brehm.) Eidgw. Banded-backed
Three-toed Woodpecker. (A good series wanted from Maine or the
British Provinces.)
309 h. Sphyrajncus varius ruber (Gm.) Eidgw. Eed-breasted Woodpecker.
377 a. Mekinerpesformicivorus angustifrons Baird. Narrow-fronted Wood-
pecker.
378 a. Colaptes auratus hyhridus (Baird) Eidgw. "Hybrid" Flicker.
(Especially Eastern specimens w^ith red feathers in the black check-
stripes.)
379. Colaptes chrysoides (Malh.) Baird. Malherbe's Flicker.
380. Colaptes rujipileus Eidgw. Guadalupe Flicker. (Adult male un-
known!)
1381. Momotus cwruleiceps Gould. Blue-capped Motmot.
383. Ceryle americana cahanisi (Tschudi) Coues. Texan Kingfisher.
t384. Trogon amhiguus Gould. Coppery-tailed Trogon.
386. Coccyzus seniculus (Lath.) Vieill. Mangrove Cuckoo.
389. Crotophaga ani Liim. Savannah Blackbird.
*391. Bhyncliopsitta pac7iyrhy7icha {8via.ms.) Bp. Thick-billed Parrot.
392. Conurus caroUnensis (Linn.) Kuhl. Carolina Parakeet.
393. Conurus holochlorus hrevipes Baird. Socorro Parakeet.
394. Aluco flammeus americanus (And.) Eidgw. American Barn Owl.
(Especially downy young.)
214 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
395. Asio americanus (Stepli.) Sharpe. American Long-eared Owl.
(Downy young.)
396. Asio amp'^HwMS (Pall.) Newton, Short-eared Owl. (Downy young.)
397. Strix nebulom Forst. Barred Owl. (Downy young.)
397 a. Strix nehulosa alleni Eidgw. Florida Barred Owl.
398. Strix occidentaUs{X.ant.)'Ridgw. Spotted Owl. (Especially downy
young.)
399. Ulula cinerea (Gmel.) Bp. Great Gray Owl. (Especially downy
young.)
[399 rt]. Uhda cinerea Japponica (Rfiiz.) 'SiiAgwf Lapland Owl. (Espe-
cially downy young.)
400. Nyetale tengmahni richardsoni (Bp.) Eidgw. Eichardson's Owl.
401. JSfj/ctnle acadica (Grael.) Bp. Saw-whet Owl. (Especially young.)
402. Scops asio (Linn.) Bp. Little Screech Owl. (Downy young.)
402 a. Scops asio floridamis Eidgw. Florida Screech Owl.
402 h. Scops asio maccaUi (Cass.) Eidgw. Texan Screech Owl.
402 c. Scops asio max7veUiw Eidgw. Eocky Mountain Screech Owl.
402 d. Scops asio Titnnicotti (Elliot) Eidgw. Northwestern Screech Owl.
403. Scops irichopsis Wagl. Mexican Screech Owl.
404. Scops flammeolus (Licht.) Scl. Flammulated Screech Owl.
405. Bubo virginianus (Gm.) Bp. Great Horned Owl. (Very young in
down.)
405 a. Bubo virginianus subarcticus (Hoy) Eidgw. Western Horned Owl.
*405 b. Bnbo virginianus arcticus (Swains.) Cass. Arctic Horned Owl.
405 c. Bubo virginianus saturatus Eidgw. Dusky Horned Owl.
40G. Nyctea scandiaca (Linn.) Newt. Snowy Owl. (Downy young.)
407. Surniafunerea(Linn.)ll[ch.&&iw. American Hawk Owl. (Downy
young.)
t[407.] Surnia funerca ulula (Linn.) Eidgw. European Hawk Owl.
(Especially downy young.)
408 a. Speotyto cunicularia JJoridana Eidgw. Florida Burrowing Owl.
409. Glancidium gnoma Wagl. California Pigmy Owl. (Especially
downy young.)
410. Glaucidium pJialcenoides (Daud.) Scl. and Salv. Ferruginous Pigmy
Owl. (Especially downy young.)
411. Micrathene whitneyi (Cooper) Coues. Whitney's Pigmy Owl. (Es-
pecially downy young.)
412. Eierofalco gyrfalco candicans (Gm.) Eidgw. White Gyrfalcon.
(Especially downy young.)
412 a. Hierofalco gyrfalco islandus (Gm.) Eidgw. Iceland Gyrfalcon.
(Adults and downy young.)
412 b. Hierofalco gyrfalco sacer (Forst.) Eidgw. McFarlane's Gyrfalcon.
(Series, especially adults.)
412 c. HierofaJco gyrfalco obsoletus (Gm.) Eidgw. Labrador Gyrfalcon.
(A good series of both old and young wanted.)
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 215
413. Hierofalco mexicanus poJyagrus (Cass.) Eidgw. Prairie Falcon.
(Especially adults and downy young.)
414. Falco peregrinus nwvius (Gm.) Eidgw. American Peregrine Fal-
con ; Duck Hawk. (Adults and downy young.)
414 «,. Falco pereyrinus pcalci Eidgw. Peale's Falcon.
t415. Falco albigularis Daud. Oliestnut-tliigUed Falcon.
t [41G.J uFsaJon regulus (Pall.) Blyth. European Merlin. (Good series
of all stages wanted.)
417. JEmJon columbarius (Linn.) Kaup. Pigeon Hawk.
417 a. JEsalon columbarius sucldeyi Eidgw. Black Merlin.
418. jEsalon richardsoni Eidgw. Eichardson's Merlin. (Especially
fully adult male and downy young.)
419. llhyncliofalco fusco-cicrulescens (Yieill.) Eidgw. Aplomado Falcon.
(Especially downy young.)
420 a. Tinnimculus sparverius isahellinus (Swains.) Eidgw. Isabelline
Sparrow Hawk.
421. Tinnunculus sparverioules (Vig.) Gray. Cuban Sparrow Hawk.
425. Fandion lialiaetus carolinensis (Gm.) Eidgw. American Osprey ;
Fish Hawk. (Downy young.)
426. Flanoidesf orjicatus (Limi.) Tadgw. Swallow-tailed Kite. (Espec-
ially downy young; good adults also wanted.)
427 Elanus glaucus (Bartr.) Coues. White-tailed Kite. (Especially
downy young.)
428. Ictinia suhcoirulea (Bartr.) Coues. Mississippi Kite. (Especially
downy young.)
429. Bostrhamus sociahilis plumheusB-idgw. Everglade Kite. (Espec-
ially downy young.)
431. Accipiier cooperi Bonap. Cooper's Hawk. (Downy young.)
432. Accipiier fuscus (Gmel.) Bp. Sharp-shinned Hawk. (Downy
young.)
433. Astur africapillus (Wils.) Bp. American Goshawk. (Downy
young ; also good adults.)
433 a. Astiir atncapillus striatulus Eidgw. Western Goshawk.
434. Antenor unicinctus harrisi (And.) Eidgw. Harris's Hawk.
436. Buteo lorealis {Qm.)Y\&L\\. Eed-tailed Hawk. (Downy young.)
* 436 a. Butco horealis Tcrideri Hoopes. Krider's Hawk.
436 h. Butco horealis calurus (Cass.) Eidgw. Western Eed-tail. (Melan-
otic specimens.)
436 c. Buteo horealis lucasanus Eidgw. Saint Lucas Eed-tail.
436 d. Buteo horealis socorroensis Eidgw. Socorro Eed-tail.
437. Buteo cooperi Cass. Cooper's Henhawk.
438. Buteo harlani And. Harlan's Hawk.
439. Buteo lineatus (Gm.) Jard. Eed-shouldered Hawk. (Downy
young.)
439 a. Buteo lineatus elegans (Cass.) Eidgw. Eed-bellied Hawk.
216 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
440. Buteo ahhreviatus Caban. Zone-tailed Hawk. (Especially downy
young.)
441. Buteo albicaudatus Vieill. White-tailed Hawk. (Especially downy
young.)
443. Jl7ifeo sivainsoni Bonap. Swainson's Hawk. (Especially downy
young.)
443. Bnteo pennsyhmnicus (Wils.) Bp. Broad-winged Hawk. (Downy
young; also adults.)
t444. Uruhitinga anthracina (Licht.) Lafr. Mexican Black Hawk.
(Especially downy young.)
445. Asturina nifida plagiata (Licht.) 'Ridgw. Mexican Goshawk. (Es-
pecially downy young.)
446. Ouychotes gruheri Eidgw. Gruber's Hawk. (Only two specimens
known to exist in collections!)
447. ArcMhuteo lagopus sancU-johannis (Gmel.) Eidgw. American Eough-
legged Hawk. (Downy young and melanotic specimens.)
448. ArcMhuteo ferrugineus (Licht.) Gray. Ferruginous Eough-leg.
(Especially downy young and melanotic specimens.)
449. Aquila clirysaetus canadensis (Linn.) Eidgw. Golden Eagle. (Es.
pecially rlowny young.)
t450. Thrasaetus harpyia (Linn.) Gray. Harpy Eagle.
1 452. HaUaetus albicilla (Linn.) Leach. Gray Sea Eagle. (Greenland
specimens.)
453. FseudogrypJius caUfornianus (Shaw) Eidgw. California Condor.
(Adults and downy young.)
454. CatJiartes aura (Linn.) lllig. Turkey Buzzard. (Downy young.)
455. Ca.tharista atrata (Wils.) Less. Black Vulture; Carrion Crow.
(Downy young.)
461. Zenaidura graysoni Baird. Socorro Dove.
462. Zeiiaida amabUis Bp. Zenaida Dove.
467. Geotrygon martinica (Gm.) Bp. Key West Dove.
■f468. Starncenas cyanocephaki (Linn.) Bp. Blue-headed Dove.
469. Ortalis vetula maccalli (Baird) Eidgw. Chachalaca; Texan Guan.
(Especially downy young.)
470. Meleagris gallopavo Linn. Mexican Turkey. (Downy young and
young in first jilumage.)
470 a. Meleagris gallopavo americana (Bartr.) Coues. Wild Turkey.
(Downy young and young in first plumage.)
471 a. Canace ohscura fuliginosa, Eidgw. Sooty Grouse.
471b. Canace obscura richardsoni (Dongl.)'BaiTd. Eichardson's Grouse.
472. Canace canadensis (Linn.) Bp. Canada Grouse ; Spruce Partridge.
(Downy young.)
472 a. Canace canadensis franldini (Dougl.) Baird. Franklin's Grouse.
473 a. Bonasa umbcllus umbelloides (Dougl.) Baird. Gray Eufied Grouse.
(Downy young and young in first plumage.)
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 217
473 1). Bonasa umhellus sabinei (Doiigl.) Coues. Oregon Eiiffed Grouse.
(Young in down and in first i)lumage.)
475. Lagopus rupestris (Gm.) Leach. Eock Ptarmigan. (Adults in sum-
mer plumage and downy young.)
47G. Lagoims leucurus Sw. White-tailed Ptarmigan. (Downy young
and adults in winter plumage.)
477 a;. Ciipidoiiia ciq)ldo XJalUdimictaliiidgw. Lesser Prairie Hen. (Es-
pecially young in first plumage and in down.)
478. Pedioecctes 2)^1^81^1611 us (L.) Elliot. Northern Sharp-tailed Grouse.
(Especially young in first plumage and in down.)
480 a. Ortyx virginiana Jloridana Coues. Florida Quail. (Especially
chick and young in first plumage.)
480 1). Ortijx virginiana texana (Lawr.) Coues. Texan Quail. (Espe-
cially chick and young in first i)lumage.)
481. Oreortyx picta (Dougl.) Baird. Mountain Quail. (Chick.)
481 «. C>reorfyj7 j)icto_p?«m (/"em (Gould) Ridgw. Plumed Quail. (Chick.)
484. Callipepla squamata (Vig.) Gray. Scaled Quail. (Chick and young
in first plumage.)
480. Ardea occidenfaUs And. Great White Heron ; Wlirdeniann's Heron.
(A series including all ages and phases of plumage much needed.)
t499. Mycteria americana Linn. Jabiru.
500. Tantalus loculator Linn. Wood Ibis. (Downy young.)
501. Eudocimus albus (Linn.) Wagl. White Ibis. (Downy young.)
t502. Eudocinins ruber (hum.) Wagl. Scarlet Ibis. (Downy young.)
503. Flegadis falcinellus {Linn.) Kan}). Glossy Ibis. (Especially downy
young.)
505. Ajaja rosea (Reich.). Roseate Spoonbill. (Downy young.)
t [506]. Hcematopus ostragelus Linn. European Oystercatcher. (Young
in first plumage and in down.)
508. Hwmatopusniger 'Pall. Black Oystercatcher. ( Young in first plum-
age and in down.)
509. Strepsilas interpres (Linn.) Illig. Turnstone. (Downy young.)
510. StrepsiJas melanocephala Vig. Black Turnstone. (Downy young.)
511. Aphriza virgata (Gmel.) Gray. Surf Bird. (Downy young.)
t [512.] Yanellus cristatus Meyer. Lapwing. (American specimens.)
513. Sqnatarola helvetica (Linn.) Cuv. Black-bellied Plover. (Downy
young.)
t [514.] Charadrius pluviaUs Linn. Golden Plover. (Greenland speci-
mens ; also downy young.)
515. Charadrius dominicus Miill. American Golden Plover. (Downy
young.)
[515 a.] Charadrius dominicus fulvus (Gmel.) Ridgw. Pacific Golden
Plover. (Summer adults and downy young.)
518. JSgialiteshiaticula {lAnn.)V)Om. Ringed Plover. (Downy young.)
[519.J ^gialites curonicus (Gmel.) Gray. Little Ringed Plover. (Downy
young.)
218 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
520. JEgialites melodus (Orel.) Bp. Piping Plover. (Downy young.)
520 a. JEgialites melodus circumcinctus Ridgw. Belted Pii^ing Plover.
(Series of adults; downy young.)
t [ 524.] Scolopax rusticula Linn. European Woodcock. (American speci-
mens.)
t[52().] GalUnago media Jjenah. English Snipe. (Greenland specimens;
downy young.)
520 a. Gallinago media wilsoni (Temm.) Eidgw. Wilson's Snipe.
(Downy young.)
527. il/«cror/(«7??2'ft?/s //mews (Gmel.) Leach. Red-breasted Snipe ; Gray
Snipe. (Downy young.)
527 a. Macrorhamphus griseus scolopaceus (Say) Ooues. Eed-bellied
Snipe; Greater Gray-back. (Downy young.)
528. Micropalamaliimantopus (Bona|).) Baird. Stilt Sandpiper. (Downy
young.)
529. Tringa canutus Jjiun. Knot; Robin Snipe. (Downy young.)
[533.] Actodromas acimiinata (Horsf.) Ridgw. Shari^-tailed Sandpiper.
(Summer adults and downy young.)
534. Actodromas maculata {YioiW.) Gow.^.^. Pectoral Sandi^iper. (Downy
young.)
535. Actodromas cooperi (Baird) Coues. Cooper's Sandpiper. (Tyi^e
still unique!)
536. Actodromas fuscicolUs (Vieill.) Ridgw. Bonaparte's Sandpiper.
(Downy young.)
537. Actodromas hairdi Coues. Baird's Sandpiper. (Downy young.)
538. Actodromas minutilla (Vieill.) Bj). Least Sandpiper. (Downy
young.)
f[539.] Felidna alpina (Linn.) Boie. European Dunlin. (American
specimens^ downy young.)
539 a. Pelidna alpina americana Cass. Red-backed Sandpiper. (Downy
young.)
[540.] Pelidna subarquata (Guld.) Cuv. Curlew Sandi)iper. (Downy
young.)
542. CaUdris arenaria (Linn.) Illig. Sanderling. (Downy young.)
543. Limosafoeda (Linn.) Ord. Marbled Godwit. (Downy young.)
544. Limosa lapponica novcc-zealandicc Gray. Pacific Godwit. (Downy
young.)
545. Limosa Jicemastica (Linn.) Coues. Hudsonian Godwit. (Downy
young.)
t[54C.] Limosa mgocepliala iJAvm.) JjQ'SiQh. Black-tailed Godwit. (Amer-
ican specimens; downy young.)
[547.] Totanus glottis (Linn.) Bechst. Green-shank. (Downy young.)
548. Totanus melanoleucus (Gmel.) Vieill. Greater Yellow-legs; Tell-
tale. (Downy young.)
549. Totanus fiavipes (Gmel.) Vieill. Yellow-legs. (Downy young.)
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 219
550. RhyacopJiilus soUtarius (Wils.) Cass. Solitary Sandpiper. (Downy
young-.)
t[551.] Bhyaco2^Mh(s ocJiropus (hum.) Ridgw. Green Sandpiper. (Amer-
ican specimens; downy young.)
55:i. Sympliemia semipahnata (Gmel.) Hartl. Willet. (Downyyoung.)
553. Heteroscelus incamis (Gmel.) Cones. Wandering Tattler. (Downy
young.)
[564.] Machetes jjugnax (Liim.) Cnv. Ruff. (Downy young.)
556. Tryngites rufescens (Vieill.) Caban. Buff-breasted Sandpiper.
(Downy young.)
559. Numenius hudsonicns Latb. Hudsonian Curlew. (Downy young.)
560. Numenius horeaUs (Forst.) JjSith. Eskimo Curlew. (Downy young.)
t[561.] Numenius phwojJKs (Liuu.) Jjnth. Wbimbrel. (American speci-
mens ; downy young.)
[^G2.] Numenius tahitiensis (Gmel.) Cass. Bristle-tbighed Curlew.
(Downy young.)
563. Phalaropusfulicarius(Lm\'\.)^\), Red Phalarope. (Downy young.)
566. Iiecurvlrostra americana Guiel. American A vocet. (Downy young.)
1 568. Parr a gymnostoma Wogl. Mexican Jacana. (United States
specimens ; downy young.)
570. Ballus ohsolefus Ridgw. California Clapper Rail.
'571 a. Ballus longirostris saturatus Heush. Louisiana Clapper Rail.
? 572. Ballus mrginianus Linn. Virginia Rail. (Downy young.)
t[573.] Porsawft wffirwe^fft (Leach) B J). Spotted Crake. (American spec-
imens ; downy young.)
575. Porzana novehoracensis {G;m&\.) l^^ird. Little Yellow Rail. (Downy
young.)
576. Porsana jamaicensis (Gmel.) Baird. Little Black Rail. (Downy
young.)
576 a. Porzana jamaicensis coturniculus HaiTd. Farall one Rail. (Series;
also downy young.)
t [577.] Crex pratensis Bechst. Corn Crake. (American specimens.)
578. lonornis martinica (Linn.) Reicb. Purple Gallinule. (Downy
young.)
581. Aramus pictus [Bartr.) Cones. Limpkin. (Downy young.)
582. Grus americana (Linn.) Temm. Whooping Crane. (Downy young.)
583. Grus canadensis (Linn.) Temm. Sandhill Crane. (Downy young.)
584. Grus fraterculus Cass. Little Crane. (Downy young.)
585. Plioenicopterus ruber Linn. American Flamingo. (Good adults,
young, and downy young.)
t[586.] Olor cygnus (Linn.) Bp. European Swan. (American speci-
mens ; downy yonng.)
* [587.] Olor minor (Pall.) Bp. Bewick's Swan.
589. Olor huccinator (Rich.) Wagl. Trumpeter Swan. (Downy young.)
590. Chen ccerulescens (Linn.) Ridgw. Blue-winged Goose. (Downy
young.)
220 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
591. Chen hypcrhoreus (Pall.) Bole. Snow Goose. (Downy young.)
591 a. Chen hypcrhoreus albatus (Cass.) Eidg'. Lesser Snow Goose.
(Downy young.)
582. Chen rossi (Baird) Eidgw. Boss's Snow Goose. (Downy young.)
t[o93.] Anser alhifronsGinel. European White-fronted Goose. (Green-
land specimens; downy young.)
593 a. Anser alMJrons gamheli (Hartl.) Coues. American White-fronted
Goose. (Downy young.)
594 c. Bernicla canadensis occidentalis (Baird) Dall & Baun. Larger
White-cheeked Goose. (Especially downy young.)
595. Bernicla hrenta (Pall.) Steph. Brant. (Downy young.)
590. Bernicla nigricans (Lawr.) Cass. Black Brant. (Young in first
plumage and in down.)
[597.] Bernicla leucopsis (Temm.) Boie. Barnacle Goose. (Downy
young.)
598. Philacte canagica (Sevast.) Bannist. Emperor Goose. (Downy
young.)
600. Bendrocycna fulva (Gmel.) Burm. Eulvous Tree Duck. (Downy
young.)
603. Anas fulvigula Eidgw. Florida Dusky Duck. (Series j downy
young.)
604. Chaulelasmus streperus (Linn.) Gray. Gadwall. (Downy young.)
[006.] Marecapenelope (hmia.) ^e\by. Widgeon. (Downy young.)
609. Qiierquedula discors (Linn.) Steph. Blue-winged Teal. (Downy
young.)
[611.] Nettion crecca (Linn.) Kaup. English Teal. (Downy young.)
612. Xeition carolinensis (Gmel.) Baird. Green-winged Teal. (Downy
young.)
614. Fulix marila (Linn.) Baird. Scaup Duck. (Downy young.)
615. Fulix affinis (Eyt.) Baird. Little Blackhead. (Downy yoiiug.)
616. Fulix collaris (Donov.) Baird. Eing-billed Blackhead. (Downy
young.)
617. JEthyia vallisneria (Wlls.) Boie. Canvas-back. (Downy young.)
619. Clangula islandica (Gmel.) Bp. Barrow's Golden-eye. (Downy
young.)
621. C?««r7«ia a?&eo?rt (Linn.) Steph. Butterball; Bufflehead. (Downy
young.)
622. Histrionicus minutus (Linn.) Dresser. Harlequin Duck. (Downy
young.)
623. Harelda glaciaUs (Linn.) Leach. Long-tailed Duck; Old Squaw.
(Downy young.)
624. Camptolmnuslahradorius (Gmel.) Graj. Labrador Duck. (Espec-
ially downy young.)
625. Folysticta stclleri {Pixll.)Briim\t Steller's Duck. (Downy young.)
626. Lampronettafischcri Brandt. Spectacled Eider. (Downy young.)
627. Somateriamollissima{lA\m.)Bo\Q. Common Eider. (Downy young.)
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 221
627 a. Somateria molUssima dresseri (Sharpe) Coues. American Eider.
(Dowuy young.)
629. Somateria spectabilis (Linn.) Boie. King Eider. (Downy young.)
630. (Eclemia americana Sw. & Rich. American Scoter. (Downy young.)
t [031.] Mclanetta fusca (Linn.) Boie Velvet Scoter. (American speci-
mens; downy youug.)
632. Melanettavelvetma{Gii&^.)'B^\vA. American Velvet Scoter. (Downy
young.)
633. PeUonettaj)ersinGillata{L\m\.)K^i\,\\.^. Surf Duck. (Downy young.)
t635. NomonyxdominicAis {\A\n\.)'R\(\g^. Black Masked Duck. (Adult
male with black head, and dowuy young.)
Q'^Ck Mergus merganser americanus (Cass.) Ridgw. American Sheldrake.
(Downy young.)
644. Phalacrocorax mexicanus (Brandt) Scl. & Salv. Mexican Cormo-
rant. (Adults in nuptial plumage.)
* 648. PhaJacrocorax perspiciUatus Pall. Pallas's Cormorant.
657. PagopMla eburnea (Phijips) Kaup. Ivory Gull. (Downy young.)
661. Larus leucopterus Faber. White-winged Gull. (Downy young.)
602. Larus glaucescens Licht. Glaucous-winged Gull. (Downy young.)
* [605.] Larus affinis Reinh. Siberian Gull.
667. Larus cacMmians Pall. Pallas's Herring Gull. (Series, especially
young and downy young.)
669. Larus delaibarensis Ord. Ring-billed Gull. (Downy young.)
670. Larus hrachyrJiynchus Rich. Short-billed Gull. (Downy young.)
[671.] Larus canus Jjinn. Mew Gull. (Downy young.)
672. Larus heermanni Cass. Heerman's Gull. (Downy young.)
674. Larus franklini Sw. & Rich. Franklin's Gull. (Downy young.)
675. Larus 2}Mladelphiw (Ord) Gmy. Bonaparte's Gull. (Dowuy young.)
670. Bliodostefhia rosea (Macgill.) Bruch. Ross's Gull. (Adult and
downy young.)
677. Xema sabinei (J. Sabine) Leach. Sabine's Gull. (Downy young.)
*678. Creagrus fureatus (Neb.) Bp. Swallow-tailed Gull.
6S0. Sterna caspia Pnll. Caspian Tern. (Young in tirst plumage.)
681. Sterna, regia Gamb. Royal Tern. (Young in first plumage and
downy young.)
682. Sterna elegans Gamb. Elegant Tern. (Young in first plumage and
downy young.)
683. Sterna cantiaca acuflavida (Cabot) Ridgw. Cabot's Tern. (Downy
young.)
684. Sterna trudeaui Aud. Trudeau's Tern. (All stages, but especially
summer adult and young, all ages.)
688. Sterna dougalU Montag. Roseate Tern. (Downy young.)
689. Sterna aleutica Baird. Aleutian Tern. (Downy young.)
691. Sterna fuligi7wsa Gml. Sooty Tern. (Downy young.)
692. Sterna anwstheta Scop. Bridled Tern. (Downy young.)
694. Hydrochelidon leucoptera (Weisn. & Schinz.) Boie. White-winged
Black Tern. (Downy young ; young in first plumage ; winter adult.)
222 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
G95. Anoits stoUdusJjinn. Noddy Tern. (Downy young ; young in first
l)lumage.)
690. Megalestris sJcua (Briinn.) Eidgw. Skua Gull. (Downy young.)
697. ^tercorarius2)omatorMnus {Temm.) Yieill. Pomarine Jaegei'. (Downy
young.)
698. Stercorarius . crepidatus (Banks) Vieill. Eichardson's Jaeger.
(Downy young.)
699. Stercorarius parasiticus (Linn.) Saunders. Long-tailed Jaeger.
(Downy young and melanotic specimens of adult.)
703. PJmbetria fuliginosa (Gmel.) Bp. Sooty Albatros. (American
specimens and downy young.)
704. Ossifraga gigantea (Gm.) Eeich. Giant Fulmar. (American speci-
mens and young in down.)
705a. Fidmarus glacialis pacijicus (And.) 'B-p. Pacific Fulmar. (Young
in down.)
700. Priocella tenuirostris {And.) Jlidgw. Slender-billed Fulmar. (Amer-
ican si)ecimens and downy young.)
t707. Friofinus melanurus (Bonn.) Eidgw. Black-tailed Shearwater.
(American specimens and downy young.)
t708. Puffinus Tiiilili (Boie) Bp. Cinereous Shearwater. (American
specimens and downy young.)
710. Puffinus Creatopus Cooper. Pink-footed Shearwater. (Downy
young.)
[711. J Puffinus anglorum Temm. Manx Shearwater. (American speci-
mens and downy young.)
713. Puffinus gavia (Forst.) Finsah. Black- vented Shearwater. (Espec-
ially young in down.)
715. Puffinus griseus (Gm.) Finsch. Dark-bodied Shearwater. (Espec-
ially young in down.)
710. Puffinus tenuirostris Temm. Slender-billed Shearwater. (Series;
young in down.)
t717. (Estrelata hwsitata {Temm.) Cones. Black-capped Petrel. (Series;
young in down.)
t718. (Estrelata hulweri (Jard. & Selby) Cones. Bulwer's Petrel.
(Series, including downy young.)
720. Halocyptena microsoma Coues. Least Petrel. (Series, including
downy young.)
724. Cymochorca, melwna (Bp.) Coues. Black Petrel. (Series, including
downy young.)
725. Cymochorca Iwmocliroa Coues. Ashy Petrel. (Series, including
downy young.)
*727. Oceanodroma hornbyi (Gray) Bp. Hornby's Petrel.
\ Fregetta grallaria {YieiW.) Bp. White-bellied Petrel.
730. JEchmophorus clarhi (Lawr.) Coues. Clark's Grebe. (Downy
young.)
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 223
731. Podiceps Jiolholli Eeinh. American Eed necked Grebe. (Young
in down.)
732. Dytes auritus (Linn.) Eidgw. Horned Grebe. (Young in down.)
t733. Bytes nigricolUs (Brebm.) Eidgw. Eared Grebe. (American speci-
mens; young in down.)
736. Colymhiis torquafus Briinn. Loon. (Downy young.)
737. Colymhiis adamsi Gray. Great White-billed Loon. (^^ specially
downy young.)
738. Colymlms arcticus Linn. Black-throated Diver. (Downy young.)
739. Colymhns pacijimis Jjawv. Pacific Diver. (Downy young.)
740. Colymhus septentrionalis Linn. Eed-throated Diver. (Downy
young.)
t741. AI ca impennis hinn. Great Auk.
742. JJtamania tordaCLmn.) Jjeach. Eazor -billed Auk. (Downy young.)
743. Fraterculaarctica(Lu]n.)^teiih. Common Puf&n. (Downy young.)
*743rt. Frafercula arctica glaciolis (Leach) Eidgw. Large-billed Puflin.
746. Ceratorlmia monocerata (Pall.) Cass. Horn-billed Puffin. (Downy
young.)
747. Phaleris psittacula (Pall.) Temm. Parrot Auk. (Downy young,
young in first plumage, and winter adults.)
748. Simorhynchus cristatellus (Pall.) Merrem. Crested Auk. (Downy
young.)
749. Simor1iy7ichus pygmceus {Gmel.)'Ridgw. Whiskered Auk. (Adults
in breeding plumage and in winter; downy young.)
751. PtycorJiamphus alciiiicus (Pall.) Bouap. Cassin's Auk. (Downy
young.)
752. Alle nigricans Link. Sea Dove ; Dovekie. (Downy young.)
753. S]jntMihorliamphns antiquus (Gm.) Cones. Black-throated Guille-
mot. (Downy young.)
754. Synthlihorhamphns ivurmizusume (Temm.) Coues. Temminck's
Guillemot. (Series, all stages.)
755. Brachyrhamphus marmoratus (Gm.) Brandt. Marbled Guillemot.
(Downy young.)
756. Brachyrhamphus MttUtzi Brandt. Kittlitz's Guillemot. (Series,
all stages, but especially downy young.)
757. Brachyrhamphus hypoleucus Xantus. Xautus's Guillemot. (Sum-
mer adults and downy young.)
758. Brachyrhamphus craveri (Salvad.) Coues. Graver's Guillemot.
(Summer adults and downy young.)
*759. Brachyrhamphns hrachypterus Brandt. Short- winged Guillemot.
* 762. TJria carbo (Pall.) Gray. Sooty Guillemot.
224 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
OIV SEMPER'S ITIETIIOD OF MAKIIVG DRY PREPARATIONS.*
In the Journal of the Eoyal Microscopical Society of London for
August last it is stated that " Herr Semper recently exhibited to the
Wiirzburg- Society some zoological and anatomical preparations which
had been prepared by a new method for dry preservation. After being
hardened in a solution of chromic acid [the strength to be regulated
according to the delicacy of the object and varying from one-half to one
per cent.], the objects are placed in alcohol [95 per cent, will answer] to
remove the water and afterwards steeped in oil of turpentine and finally
dried. The tissues, while drying, are permeated by innumerable small
air-bubbles, and in consequence the preparations retain their origin aj
form without sensibly shrinking, while in color they assume a white tint
similar to a gypsum model. The finished preparation, which is almost
pure white, and which i^ossesses a firm, leathery consistency, may be
painted with colors in i)arts as may be required for teaching purposes.
The preparations ijroduced were partly complete animals — mussels,
aunelida, and so forth — with the viscera of various vertebrate and inver-
tebrate animals. A preparation of a cat's eye showed that, after drying,
the position of the parts — the leus, ciliary processes, and so forth —
underwent no change. A microscopical preparation of brain, treated
on this method, proved that still simpler microscopic relations were
retained after the drying — and, particularly with carmine coloring, could
be distinctly recognized.
Herr v. Kolliker pointed out the advantage to be derived from this
method, especially the possibility^ of adapting the preparations for
special demonstration by painting.f
The utility of a method of preparation of this kind for moderately-
sized animals, usually treated as alcoholics, will at once be apparent. It
would be possible to paint the subject either in the natural colors of life,
or, in the case of anatomical preparations, to indicate the parts by the
use of arbitrary, conventional tints. While these preparations would
be readily combustible, they would be light and absolutely free from the
attacks of Dermestes, those well-known museum pests. As a most in-
structive method of making dry preparations for museum display, either
of whole animals or of their anatomy, it certainly deserves a trial, as it
is a much neater and cleaner method than the Wickersheimer plan, in
which glycerine enters as an important element, and which would be
objectionable because the object could never be thoroughly dried, but
would always be sticky and disagreeable to handle and liable to soil the
shelves of the museum cases. In order to make the preservation effect-
ual, after dehydration in 95 per cent, alcohol, which is strong enough
* Abstract, with remarks by J. A. Eyder.
tVerliandl. Phys.-Med. Gesell., WUrzbnrg, XV, 1881, S. B. IX.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 225
for the purpose, tli.e preparation oiiglit to be allowed to become tbor-
oughl}^ saturated with the oil of turpentine; the time which it will take
to do this will of course depend upon the size and thickness of the ob-
ject treated. The principle involved in this method is the same as that
applied in making balsam or damar preparations ou slips for the micro-
scope, only that after dehydration is effected oil of cloves is used to
make the object transparent instead of turpentine, although the latter
is also used. The preparation is then covered with a drop of balsam
and the cover-glass put on, when you have a specimen that, with a little
care, will last a lifetime. The Semi)er is simply the microscopic method
adapted to large objects which could not be mounted upon slides, and
I see no reason why they should not be equally as durable as micro-
scopical l)alsam preparations. It is equally important that the strong
alcohol should comijletely saturate the specimen, else the turpentine
will not find its way into all parts of it so as to render it indestructible
when dry. Two or three hours would probably suffice for the saturation
with alcohol or turpentine of moderately large specimens. The harden-
ing in the chromic acid solution would require from 12 to 24 hours,
according to the size of the object. This method is also free from the
objection which applies to Wickersheimer's, that there are no corrosive
metallic poisons used.
By placiug the vessel containing the preparation as immersed under
an air pump, the penetration of the liquids will be fticilitated.
NOTES OIV A COfil-ECTaOlV OF FISMES, MADE BV I^IKliT. BIEXKY E.
IVEt'fllOf.S, U. S. N., ON THE WEST COAST OF iWEXflCO, WBTBS DE-
SCKBIPTIOIVS OF NE%V SPECBES.
By DAVIB S. JOKBAN and CHAKI.ES H. GILBERT.
During the autumn of 1880 a cruise along the west coast of Mexico
and Central America was made by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic steamer
Hassler. Lieut. Henry E. Nichols, the officer in command, took much
pains to make collections of fishes whenever they were obtainable. As
a result of his labors we have the small but extremely valuable collec-
tion noticed in the present paper. It will be observed that twelve of
the specimens came from the Eevillagigedo Islands, in the open sea to
the westward of Mexico, a locality where no collections of fishes had
been i;)reviously made by any one. Six of these specimens belong to
species new to the fauna of North America.
We give an enumeration by localities of the species in the entire col-
lection, with the number borne by each specimen on the records of the
United States National Museum.
A. — Whaler^s Bay, Guadalupe Island, Loicer California.
1. PsEUDOJULis MODESTUS (Girard) Gthr.
2. PSEUDOJULIS MODESTUS (Grd.) Gthr. (No. 28,391 U. S. Nat. Mus.)
Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 ] 5 Dec. S4, 1881.
226 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
B. — Sulphur Bay, Clarion Island.
3. Caranx orthogrammus sp. nov. (No. 28,345 U. S. Nat. Mus.)
Allied to Caranx ferdau and G. gymnostethoides ; species with nearlj^
straight lateral line, many-rayed dorsal and anal, and feeble teeth.
Body elliptical, comiiressed, the back regularly but not strongly arched,
the ventral outline forming a rather even but less convex curve. Head
longer than deep, rather pointed in profile, its median ridge somewhat
elevated. Month low, oblique, the maxillary extending to nearlj^ oppo-
site front of pupil, its length 2;^ in head ; lower jaw slightly projecting.
Teeth all equally minute, in villiform bands on jaws, vomer, i^alatines,
and tongue. Eye large, broader than preorbital, its diameter IJ in
length of snout, 4| in head. Adipose ejelid little developed. Cheeks
and temporal region with tine scales ; rest of head naked.
Scales rather small, those below pectorals smaller ', a naked area on
breast, becoming wider forwards from base of ventrals. Lateral line
almost straight, slightlj'' undulated and curved ux)wards above pectorals,
becoming straight by almost imperceptible degrees opposite lobe of anal.
Greatest depth of the arch less than diameter of pupil; the length of
straight part less than that of the curve. Plates developed only on the
posterior third of the straight part; the jilates small, with low keels,
their spines little prominent; 15 to 18 plates developed, including small
ones, in front of which are about 10 ordinary scales on the straight por-
tion of the lateral line.
Spinous dorsal very small, of three weak spines slightly connected
by membrane, the highest spine not longer than diameter of pupil
(these spines, probably, more numerous and larger in young examples)
Soft dorsal long and low, with slender rays; a well-developed scaly
basal sheath anteriorly. Elevated rays in front a little more than one-
third the base of the tin, a little more than half length of head; anal
shorter than dorsal, its anterior lobe equally high, and with a similar
basal sheath. Free anal spines obsolete in typical specimen. Caudal
lobes moderate, equal, as long as head, their length equal to the depth
of the fin from' tip to tip. Pectoral tin falcate, its tip very slender,
reaching eighth ray of anal, its length 2J in body. Yentrals short, 2^
in head.
Head 23 in length to base of caudal; depth 3|.
Fin rays : D. IIl-I, 32. A. II-I, 20.
Coloration in spirits, smutty olivaceous, everywhere irregularly
cloude<l with darker, the belly scarcely paler than the back ; opercular
spot obsolete. Dorsal, anal, posterior border of caudal, and tips of
ventrals blackish ; tins otherwise dull olivaceous.
A single specimen of this si)ecies, 16 inches in length, was obtained by
Lieutenant Nichols, at Sulphur Bay, Clarion Island, off the west coast
of JVIexico.
It is certainly very close to Caranx ferdau (Giinther, Fische Sudsee,
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEU:M. 227
ii, 134, taf. 87, 88), but it seems to differ in color aud in tlie armature of
the lateral line.
4. Caranx litgubris* Poey. (:N^o. 28^375 U. S. Nat. Mus.)
Body obloug-ovate, compressed, deep, the back elevated, but not
arched. Profile gibbous from the occiput forward to above eye, thence
straight and steep at a considerable angle to a point in front of nostrils,
whence the snout again projects at a strong angle. Outline of back
nearly straight from the occiput to the front of the second dorsal, thence
declining regularly to the caudal peduncle. Ventral outline nearly
straight from the lower jaw to the origin of the anal, the base of which
is i^laced at a similar angle to that of the soft dorsal.
Head large, very deep, deeper than long; occipital ridge not sharp.
Mouth large, the broad maxillary reaching to opposite front of pupil.
Lower jaw strong, the chin ]>rojecting when the mouth is closed. Teeth
in the upper jaw in a narrow villiform baud, with an outer series of
larger, conical teeth, six to eight in number on each side, subequal and
regularl}^ arranged. Lower jaw with a single series of teeth similar
to the larger teeth of the upper jaw, a few smaller teeth intermixed
with them. No differentiated canine teeth. Villiform teeth on vomer,
palatines, and tongue. Gill-rakers rather long, close-set, three-fifths
diameter of eye. Eye large, with a distinct adipose eyelid, its diameter
equal to that of the broad preorbital, which is wider than the maxillary,
4J times in length of head.
Cheeks closely scaled; opercles mostly naked below; a few scales on
subopercle and interopercle. Scales on body not very small; breast
. closely scaled. Lateral line with a moderate curve anteriorl.y, becoming
straight at front of anal ; the length of the arch being less than two-thirds
that of the straight x>art; greatest depth of the arch about one-fifth its
length. Armature of lateral line beginning at the curve; the plates
rather large, very broad, twenty-eight in number. Fins with very few
scales or none.
Spinous dorsal moderate, the spines rather strong, its last spine stout
and free, nearly horizontal. Second dorsal falcate, the longest rays more
than half the length of its base. Posterior part of the fin rather low,
rising well above its low basal sheath of scales which terminates near
the middle of the fin ; anal similar to soft dorsal, its anterior rays more
than half the base of the fin. Free anal spines moderate. Caudal lobes
rather broad, equal, not very long, the upper as long as from snout to edge
of opercle; depth of the fin from tip to tip, about equal to depth of head.
Ventral fins short, not filamentous, as long as from snout to end of max-
illary. Pectoral extremely long, falcate, reaching to the tenth plate of
the lateral line, or about to seventh anal ray, its length 2^ in that of
body, less than than the greatest depth of the body.
Fin rays : D. VII-I, 21. A. II-I, 18.
* Caranx ascciisionis Giiutlier, Fiscbe dor Sudsee ii, 132, taf. 83^ Caranx ascensionis
Cuv. & Val. ix, 102: evidently not Scomber ascensionis Osbecl£, which is pale in color,
and with D. VIII-25; A. 25.
228 PROCEEDIXCxS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Head 3^ in length to base of caudal; greatest depth 2|.
Color sooty blackish, nearly uniform, the belly not paler tlian the
back. A black spot at angle of opercle, none on i)ectoral. Ventrals,
anal and dorsal wholly black, as are the shields of the lateral line.
The single specimen of this species (N'o. 28,385) 18 inches in length,
was obtained by Lieutenant Nichols, at Sulphur Bay, Clarion Island, off
the west coast of Mexico. It seems to be identical with the tish figured
by Dr. Gilnther (Fische Sudsee, taf. 85) as Garanx ascensionis^ from
Kingsmill Island, but the orignal Scomber (iscensionis of Osbeck is evi-
dently a different species.
5. Balistes mento sp. nov. (No. 28,387 U. S. Nat. Mus.)
Body oblong, elliptical, slightly heaviest forward; dorsal and ventral
outlines similar, neither much arched. Body not strongly compressed,
its greatest thickness a little less than half its greatest depth. Mouth
very small, terminal, higher up than usual, nearly in the line of the axis
of the body, the chin protruding beyond it ; width of the mouth from
angle to angle about equal to the diameter of the eye. Lower jaw the
longer, its teeth slightly directed backward; upper jaw with its teeth
directed slightly forwards, shutting outside of the lower teeth. Teeth
pale brownish, somewhat unequal; lower teeth wedge shaped, broadest
and nearly truncate at tip; teeth of the upper jaw obliquely truucate,
slightly emarginate, the outer angle pointed and projecting. About
eight teeth in the outer row ; the mouth so closely shut that the inner
row cannot be seen.
Eye small, high and well back, its diameter contained nearly twice in
the interorbital width, 3 in snout. A groove in front of eye below
the nostrils, about as long as the diameter of the eye. Five narrow
grooves on the cheek below the eye, extending from near the mouth
backward toward the base of the pectoral.
Height of gill-opening slightly greater than diameter of eye, its lower
edge opposite middle of i>ectoral.
Scales of body comparatively small, not very rough. Scales of belly
somewhat reduced in size, arranged in oblique series running downward
and backward from the pectoral region, these forming a contrast in
direction with the scales of the sides. Scales on caudal peduncle with-
out keel or spines, similar to those on rest of body; scales on posterior
portion of sides slightly carinate, forming low ridges along the rows of
scales. Gill-opening surrounded by small scales and without larger
plates.
First dorsal si>ine very robust, ])laced somewhat behind eye, its height
a, little more than twice diameter of eye, the deep dorsal groove as long
as the spine. Second spine short and slender, its length about equal
to diameter of eye. Third dorsal spine wholly icanting.
Soft dorsal rather high, its longest rays more than half the length of
the base of the fin. If in head; anal similar, its base a little shorter, a
few series of small scales covering the base of each fin ; caudal mod-
erate, lunate, its depth from tip to tip more than its length, and 1^ times
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 229
in length of head. Caudal peduncle subteiete, deeper than broad. Ven-
tral spine slightly movable. Pectoral short, rounded, less than half
length of head.
Head 3.] in length ; depth 2f .
Dorsal rays II-I, 20. Anal I, 2G.
Lat. 1. 37; 23 scales in an oblique series upward and forward from
front of anal,
Col;;ration in spirits, darlc olive above, rather jiale below, the skin
between tlie scales somewhat darker; scaly basal part of dorsal and anal
abruptly black; membrane of these tins yellowish, the tips dusky. Scaly
base of caudal dark brown, the medial part lighter brownish; a lunate
band at tip yellowish; pectorals olivaceous.
One specimea of this species, 10.} inches long, was taken by Lieuten-
ant Nichols at Clarion Island. It diliers from all the known species
of BaUstes in the presence of but, two spines in the dorsal. If this be
not an accidental variation, the species should probably be taken as the
type of a distinct genus. The small high mouth gives a somewhat pecu-
liar jdiysiognomy.
C. — Braithivaife Bay, Socorro Island. {Tal'en tcifh hool:)
G, Epinephelus sellicaitda Gill. (28,213.)
7. Epinephelus sellicauda Gill. (28,237.)
8. Dermatolepis punctatus Gill. (28,211.)
9. Dermatolepis punctatus Gill. (28,223.)
10. Pimelepterus lutescens sp. nov. (No. 28,371, U. S. K. M.)
Body oblong-elliptical, robust; the dorsal and venu-al outlines mod-
erately and nearly equally arched. Head bluntish ; the i)rotile evenly
curved, without depression in front of the eye; the preorbital region less
gibbous than in P. hosci. Mouth terminal, the lower jaw slightly the
shorter, the broad maxillary reaching to opposite the front of the eye,
its width about equal to that of the preorbital.
Teeth in both jaws broad, rounded or subtruncate, in single rows, the
horizontal roots longer than the crown, but not twice as long: about 30
teeth in each jaw. Behind the large teeth in each jaw is a band of rasp-
like asperities. Gill-rakers short.
Preopercle with its angle rounded and membranaceous, the vertical
limb straight and minutely serrulate. Cheeks with four rows of large
scales, besides several series of smaller ones. Preoibital, jaws, snout,
rim of eye, and rounded part of preopercle naked; the head otherwise
closely scaly.
Scales on body rather small, firm, smoothish ; those on breast smaller;
fins, as usually, with the soft parts covered with small scales.
Dorsal spines rather high and strong, the middle ones highest, higher
than the soft rays, nearly twice the height of the last spine, and half the
length of the head, 3f in greatest depth of body. Soft dorsal rather
high, not at all falcate, the first rays two- filths the length of the head.
230 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSUEM.
Anal fin similar, shorter and higher, the spines gradnated, the longest
rays more than half length of head.
Candal wide, moderately forked, the lobes equal, the longest a little
longer than head; the depth of the fin. from tip to tip, about equal to
greatest depth of body. Pectorals short, slightly longer than ventrals;
as long as from snout to edge of preopercle. Veutrals placed well be-
hind pectorals, not reaching vent.
Head 3^- in length; depth 2i.
Dorsal rays, XI, 11; Anal, HI, 11. Scales, 12-G7-22.
Coloration in spirits nearly uniform light grayish, without distinct
markings; golden yellow in life, according to Lieutenant Kichols; very
faint darker streaks present along the rows of scales. Preorbital, sub-
orbital, and preopercle bright silvery; lower jaw silvery; both jaws
dusky at tip. Fins all pale. A very obscure darker blotch in front of
base of pectoral.
One specimen, about 15 inches in length, taken by Lieutenant !Michols
at Braithwaite Bay, Socorro Island. It differs from P. hosci, in forju,
in color, and in the greater development of nearly all the fins.
11. Caeanx melampygus Cuv. & Val. (No. 28,355 U. S. K M.)
Body oblong-ovate, compressed, the back arched, the profile not steep,
the cuTve from snout to dorsal being a nearly regular arc; ventral out-
line nearly straight from the chin to front of anal, where an angle is
formed with the ascending base of .the anal.
Head moderate, compressed, not blunt in profile, the occiput and inter-
orbital region elevated and considerably carinated. Mouth moderate,
low, oblique, the lower jaw prominent, scarcely projecting beyond upper;
maxillary barely reaching to opposite the front of the small eye. Upper
jaw with a band of villiform teeth, in front of which is a row of strong-
teeth, about ten on each side, the anterior largest, larger than in most
species, but hardly canines. Lou'er jaw with a single row of rather
large teeth, irregularly placed, much smaller than the larger .teeth of
the upper jaw; villiform teeth on vomer, palatines, and tongue. Eye
small, placed high and far back; adipose eyelid small. Diameter of
eye 2 in length of snout, 1^ in the depth of the broad preorbital, 2^ in
the post-orbital part of head, and 2 in iuterorbital area. Cheeks and
upper iiart of opercles with small scales ; rest of head naked. Gill-
rakers long and sti'ong, as long as eye.
Scales rather siuail; breast closely scaled; lateral line not strongly
arched, becoming straight opposite front of anal, its curved part If in
length of straight part. Plates on anterior portion of straight part
scarcely different from ordinary scales ; those on posterior portion mod-
erate, with high keels and appressed spines; 37 plates in all, counting
from beginning of straight part.
Spinous dorsal moderate, the spines slender, rather high. Procum-
bent dorsal spine obsolete. Soft dorsal low, falcate in front, the longest
ray little more than half the base of the fin, or li in length of head.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 231
Anterior part of the tin with a distinct scaly basal sheath, which be-
comes obsolete at about the 14th ray. Anal tin similar to soft dorsal, a
little shorter and lower, its scaly sheath more developed; free anal
spines moderate. Caudal fin- widely forked, its lobes subeqnal, 1^ in
head; distance from tip to tip more than the length of either lobe.
Pectorals long and falcate, their tips reaching sixth anal ray, longer
than head, and a trifle less than greatest depth of body. Ventrals
short, one-third length of pectorals.
Coloration in spirits olivaceous; dark above; pale below, but nowhere
silvery; top of head clear olivaceous; opercular spot obsolete; lower
jaw soiled golden; no pectoral spot; base of pectoral somewhat dusky;
small irregular dark brown spots, smaller than the pupil and irregular
in size, scattered without order over the body, rather most numerous
about the pectorals. Caudal fin dusky, especially on its posterior edge;
dorsal and anal dusky, their lobes black; ventrals dusky at tip; pec-
torals olivaceous.
Head 3 J in length (without caudal); greatest depth, 2f ; pectoral, 24;
length of type, 20 inches.
Fin rays : D. VIII-I, 22. A., II-I, 10.
A single example of this species was taken by Lieutenant Nichols,
with a hook, in Braithwaite Bay, Socorro Island, off the west coast of
Mexico. It agrees very closely with the description and figure of
Caranx melampygus given by Giinther (Fische Sudsee ii, 133, taf. 86.)
12. Platyglossus nicholsi sp. nov. (No. 28,218 U. S. N. M.)
A species of the ordinary type, withont sharp markings of any kind.
Body rather deep; the i)rofile steep, evenly curved; the snout moder-
ately pointed. Teeth strong, the posterior canines especially so. Head
entirely naked ; scales on breast not much reduced. Dorsal spines very
slender, flexible. Pectoral fin If in length of head, reaching as far as
the slender tips of the ventrals. Caiulal fin rounded, its angles not at
all produced.
Coloration in spirits, plain olivaceous above, sides brownish, belly
paler; an obscure dusky bar across middle of spinous dorsal and ex-
tending down the sides ; some of the scales of back with dark lines.
Soft dorsal and anal fins with not very numerous small, round dark
spots, especially posteriorly; otherwise plain; spinous dorsal dusky.
The coloration may have been bright in life, but there could never have
been any sharp markings.
Head 3.J in length ; depth ^.
D. IX, 12. A. Ill, 11. Scales 2-28-8.
This species is known to us from a single example, 10} inches long,
taken by Lieutenant Nichols at Braithwaite Bay, Socorro Island. It is
readily distinguished from the only two members of the genus thus
far discovered on the western coast of tropical America, P. dispiltis
Giinther, and P. semicinetus (Ayres). It is impossible, from descrip-
tions alone, to compare it satisfactorily with the numerous West Indian
232 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
and East Indian species of the genus, but, as all are local in their range,
ours is probably a species different from any of them.
D. — San Bias, Mexico.
13. PoMADASYS FURTHi (Steiudachner.) J. & G. (28,225.)
14. LuTJANUS PRIETO Jor. & Gilb. (Mss.). (28,253.)
15. Centropomus pedimacula Poey.
16. Gerres axillaris Gthr. (28,255.)
E. — Acapulco, Mexico.
17. Epinepiielus analogus Gill. (28,235.)
18. PoMADASYS LEUCiscus (Gthr.) J. & G. (28,257.)
19. LuTJANUS CAXis (Bloch.) Poey. (28,254.)
20. Cynoscion reticulatum (Giinther) J. & G. (28,250.)
F. — Porto Uscondido, Mexico.
21. PiMELEPTERUS ANALOGUS Gill. (28,270.)
This species is closely related to P. bosci Lac, differing in the larger
scales and greater depth of the bod}'.
22. Caranx caballus Gthr.
23. Trachynotus fasciatus Gill.
24. MUGIL BRASILIENSIS Ag. (28,244.)
G. — iSalina Cruz, Mexico.
25. Centropomus robalito Jor. & Gilb. (Mss.) (28,245.)
26. Gerres rhombeus C. & V.
27. DoRMITATOR MACULATUS (Bloch) Gill.
28. PhILYPNUS LATERALIS Gill. (28,252.)
29. PHILYPNUS LATERALIS Gill. (28,269.)
30. Chanos salmoneus (Forst.) C. & V. (28,240.)
n. — La Union, San Salvador,
31. Cynosoion squamipinne (Giinther) Streets. (28,260.)
32. Sci.ENA ALUTA* sj). nov. (No. 28,129 U. S. K. M.)
Allied to Sciama chrysoleuca (Giinther).
Form rather elongate, the back a little elevated and compressed ;
caudal i^eduncle especially long and slender. Head rather broad above
the eyes, somewhat depressed, so that the anterior profile is a little con-
cave, in front of which the snout is rather abruptly truncate. Inter-
orbital space a little broader than the large eye, the diameter of which
is about equal to the length of the snout, and contained about four times
in the length of the head. Width of preorbital two-fifths the diameter
of the eye. Preopercle strongly serrated, the three lowest serroB radi-
*aXovroi, unwashed.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 233
ating, the lowest and largest one turned downward and forward. Lower
jaw included, considerably shorter than upper. Snout scarcely project-
ing beyond premaxillaries. Mouth nearly horizontal; premaxillary
much below the level of the eye; maxillary extending to just beyond
middle of eye. Teeth in both jaws in narrow villiform bauds, the outer
teeth in the upper jaw somewhat enlarged; those in the lower jaw all
small. Sides and top of head somewhat cavernous, the surface yielding
to the touch. Gill-rakers shortish, rather slender, about as long as
pupil. Psendobranchiai large.
Dorsal fin divided nearly to base, the spines not very high, rather ilexi-
ble, the longest little more than half length of head; secoml spine a little
stouter than third, and nearly as high. Second dorsal rather low.
Second anal spine strong, about half length of head, three-fourths height
of the soft rays; distance from front of anal to caudal 1^ in length of
body ; distance from vent to anal a little more than half length of second
anal spine. Caudal flu long, double truncate, the middle rays pro-
duced, as long as from snout to edge of preopercle; caudal peduncle
(from end of anal) 1^ in head; anal ending hi advance of end of dorsal,
its first spine in advance of middle of soft dorsal. Ventrals long, the
second ray filamentous, reaching vent. Pectorals rather short, as long
as caudal.
Scales large, those on breast not much smaller. Soft parts of vertical
fins scaly toward the base.
Lower pharyngeals narrow, with small, slender, pointed teeth, those
of the series on the inuer edge of the bone much enlarged, also very
slender.
Head 3| in length to base of caudal; greatest depth, ?>^.
D. X-I, 18. A. II, 8. Lat. 1., 44 ; 5 scales in a vertical series from
front of dorsal to lateral lines.
Color light reddish brown, dingy with dark punctulations. Ground
color a light coppery shade, little silvery; each scale with many dark
points and a smutty edging ; the general hue the same above and below ;
no distinct markings. Preorbital of a soiled silvery. Fins similarly
dusky, the caudal yellowish, the anal almost black. Inside of opercle
dusky.
This species is known to us from one specimen, 7^ inches in length,
nujnbered 28,129 on the I^ational Museum Register. It was collected
at La Union, on the Gulf of Fonseca, in San Salvador, by Lieut. H. E.
Mchols.
33. MUGIL BRASILIENSIS Ag. (29.(344.)
34. ^Elxtriciithys panamensis Gthr. (28,192.)
Indiana University, November 5, 1881.
234 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
JKKPOKT OIV THE €01VTENTS OF T^VO BOTTI^ES OF WATER FROM
THE C}ITI,F OF MEXICO, FORWARDED BV THE SMJTHSOIVIIAN
IIVSTSTtJTllOIV.-
By »K. 'W. G. FAKLOi;^.
When received in Cainbridjije, May 14, 1881, the water of both bottles
gave out an excessively disagreeable odor of putrefying organic matter,
and ammonia was given off in considerable quantities, as was shown by
holding a rod moistened with hydrochloric acid over the mouths of the
bottles. In one bottle there was a greenish-colored, slimy deposit an
inch deep, and the water above was clear. In the second bottle the
water was turbid throughout and of rather a brownish color.
The microscopic examinations showed that the contents of the two
bottles were alike. The greater portion of the matter contained in the
water consisted of a mass of amorphous slime, in which were numerous
crystals, apparently of a fatty nature. There were, besides, a large
quantity of eggs of some animal, wliich were easily recognized, although
partially decomposed, and the remains of small Crustacea. In addition
to the animal substances mentioned were remains of plant tissues, leaves
and young stems, pine pollen, and diatoms of four or five different species.
From what has been said, it is evident that the slime in the water
must have been at some time not far from the land, or else that the bot-
tles used, or the water after it had been collected, must have been ex-
posed to the air for some time.
It is my opinion that the trouble is not caused by the presence of any
vegetable substance, but that the presence of the latter is accidental.
The slimy mass probably originated from a mass of eggs which, for
some reason or other, were killed near the surface of the water, and the
smaller crustaceans in the neighborhood have been involved in the gen-
eral mass of slime.
REMAIIVS OF THE ^VAt,RUS (?) IN MAINE.
By €. H. BOYD.
Addison Point, Washington County, Maine,
October 8, 1881.
Dear Sir : I have the honor to make the following statement of
finding the partly fossilized bones of a walrus (?), in expectation that it
may possibly prove of interest in connection with investigations of the
Smithsonian, as tending to show the range of the- walrus thus far south,
or that this climate was more Arctic in time past.
* This water was collected where the fish mortality, referred to in preceding pages,
was the greatest.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 235
Yesterday', hearing that the bones of a hirge animal were washing-
out of a clay bank at Eeef Point, on the eastern side of the Pleasant
liiver, 3 miles below this village, I visited the spot to see some of the
remains in situ. I then dug out several pieces of rib and a forearm.
The Point, which is iu cultivation, is 15 feet above high water, and
has been washing away for many years. Mr. Oliver Look, the owner of
the property, informs me that it has washed off 100 feet within the last
sixty years. He also showed me a tusk with a portion of the socket
attached, which he dug out here a few days since, and from whicli 1
judge the remains to be those of a walrus. I inclose a rough sketch
and also a small piece of scale from the tusk that Crime off in my hand
while milking the sketch. These bones are in stiff blue clay about 2
feet above high water iu a nearly vertical bank, there being feet of
the clay above them and above that some G feet of gravel and soil.
Nearly opposite, on the west side of the bay, I found a kitclien mid-
den, now covered with a growth of hard wood. From it I obtained, by
digging, three pieces of chipped flint and a bear's tooth.
The exact location of both these "finds" can be obtained, if desired,
from our topograpliical sheet now in progress, by application to Profes-
sor Hilgard, assistant in charge of the Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Very i^espectfully, your obedient servant,
C. H. BOYD,
Assistant, C. and G. Survey.
Prof. Spen€ER F. Baied,
Secretary Smithsonian Institution.
nRWtECTJOTiH FOB COLLiECTIKG AIVD PKESERTllVG FISH.
By TARLETON H. BEAN.
1. Wash the fish thoroughly in water, to remove the slime and dirt
that are almost invariably present ujion them, not omitting the inside
of the mouth and the gills. In cleansing fish tliat have a tough, scale-
less skin, or such as have the scales firmly fixed, use a stiff' paint brush
or a scrubbing brush; for thin-skinned fish and such as have deciduous
scales, a softer brush must be taken. Some fish are covered plentifully
with tenacious mucus that is with great difficulty removed by water
alone; in such cases a solution of two fablespoonfuls of alum in a pint
of lukewarm water will be found efficacious.
2. It is often necessary to preserve fish that are stale, or partially
digested, and ott'ensi^'e to the smell. Such examples may be thoroughly
disinfected by the use of the disinfecting solution of chloride of soda.
Use a tablespoonful of the solution in one pint of water. With this
wash the gills, and pour it into the mouth and stomach, allowing it to
return by the mouth.
236 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
3. Inject alcoliol in the moutli and the vent, to preserve the viscera.
Make small incisions in the belly and in thick jiarts of the bodj", to allow
the alcohol to penetrate the tissues. It is nearly always desirable to
remove the liver, stomach, and intestines from large tish, and to pre-
serve these separately, numbering them so as to correspond with the
fish from which they are taken.
4. It is a good plan to keep freshly collected fishes in weak alcohol
for a day or two; a mixture of two parts of 95 per cent, alcohol to one
of water will answer for this temjiorary immersion. Some species are
exceedingly soft and flabby, falling to the bottom of a glass jar or other
receptacle, becoming i^artly imbedded in their own mucus, and rapidly
disintegrating in consequence. Such specimens should either be sus-
pended in the alcohol by a thread or string from the neck of the jar or
the hook sometimes found on the inside of the stopple, or a bed of excel-
sior or muslin should raise them from the bottom; these are necessary
precautions which will prevent many losses. After the fish have been
kept for not more than two days in the weak alcohol, transfer them to
a mixture of three parts of 95 per cent, alcohol to one of water. Ordi-
narily this latter will preserve specimens that are not crowded too much
at least three months; some, of course, will remain in good condition
still longer; but, generally, three months will reduce the preservative
power of the liquid so far as to make a renewal of alcohol necessary.
The tendency with many collectors is to overcrowd specimens, and, as
a result, museums frequently receive a lot of half-rotten material which
is too valuable to be thrown away and is yet always a source of trouble
and disappointment. A jar, tank, or case of any kind should never be
expected to accommodate more than half its own bulk offish, and even
this projiortion will require watchfulness to avoid loss If a collection
freshly caught is to be shipped to a distant museum or private collec-
tiou, observe the directions about cleansing the fish and preserving the
viscera separately' if needful, and then use nothing weaker than a nnx-
ture containing three parts of 95 per cent, alcohol and one part of water.
A good mixture which will carry fish in very nice condition is the
following: 95 iier cent, (or absolute) a'cobol, 3 quarts; water, 1 quart;
glycerine, 1 pint; borax, 1 ounce. There is nothing better, however,
than the mixture of three parts of alcohol and one of water.
5. The extensive collections of the United States Fish Commission
are usually packed in copper tanks, which are tin-lined within. The
lid of the tank is made to serein in the top and its diameter is always
as great as the dimensions of the top will allow. The tanks (called
Agassiz tanks) are made to contain 4, 8, or 16 gallons. Strong chests,
of a size large enough to accommodate a 16-gallon tank, are used for
shipping; the hinges and hasps of these chests are riveted on; handles
are screwed on at the sides, and each chest is furnished with a strong-
lock. The chest may contain one 16-gallon tank, or two of 8 gallons, or
four of 4 gallons, or one of 8 gallons and two of 4 gallons, as may best
PROCEEDIXGS OF UXITED STATES NATIOXAL MUSEUM. 237
suit the convenience of tlie collector. When several tanks make up the
complement it is usual to separate them by thin wooden partitions.
Cases made of ordinary tinned sheet-iron are mnch more j^enerally
used than the expensive copper cans, and they will answer well enough
if the joints are perfectly tight and the top is securely soldered on.
Oak kegs, holding about 10 gallons each and ])rovided with iron hoops,
are capital containers for large tishes, and they will stand the wear and
tedP of railway travel better than most other receptacles.
Glass preserving-jars maybe shipped long distances with comparative
safety, but they must be tested, by inverting them, to insure tightness;
the top of the j'ar and the rubber band should be wiped dry; wrap the
jars in strong paper and pack them in some material that will prevent
bi-eakage.
When corked bottles are used, tie a piece of bladder securely over the
cork. Where seals and sealions occur, the throat, as i)rei)ared by the
Aleuts for example, will be found an excellent covering. It is necessary
to wet the membrane to make it pliable. Whenever jars, bottles, or
any other small containers are filled with fish which are not provided with
tin tags, write plainly with a lead-pencil on heavy manila or writing-
paper the name of the place where the fish were taken, the date of ca^)-
tnre, and the name of the collector. Put a label of this kind inside of
each bottle; it will remain legible for years.
0. Each specimen should be provided witli a numbered tin tag. which
is to be fastened, whenever possible, by means of a string passed through
the right gill-opening and out at the mouth. When the string must be
tied around the body or tail of the fish it should be fixed securely and
yet with out in juring any of the tins. A catalogue is to be kept by the col-
lector, in which the numbers corresponding with those on the tags must
be entered, with notes as to place, time, and mode of capture, and other
particulars which will be more fully mentioned further on. Wrap eacli
fish separately in common coarse muslin (the coarser the better), and
tie the ends securely. Do not tie the string so tightly around the body
of the fish as to make furrows and wrinkles in the skin. If tin tags Are
not at hand, a label written firmly on stout paper with a lead i)encil
should be wrapped inside of the covering of the fish. It is necessary
always to fill the receptacle in which specimens are packed — a bottle or
jar may be either filled with alcohol or the specimens may be wrapi)ed
in muslin. It is not a good i)lan to put tow, excelsior, or cotton-wool
on top of fish, as it presses them close together and prevents tlie free
circulation of alcohol between them. For long journeys it is desirable to
secure better protection than the muslin wrapping alone affords. This
may be gained by placing beds of excelsior or thin wood shavings be-
tween the layers of fish and at the bottom and top of the case.
A plainly- written card placed at the top of the box, so as to be seen
when the lid is removed, telling its contents and by whom it was sent,
will save much trouble when the collection is to be unpacked.
238 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
7. Notes of color, taken from the fresli specimens, should be sent with
them if the tish are to be described in the museum. The collector should
also preserve in his own books a record of life-colors under the catalogue
numbers corresponding with the tin tags fastened on his fish. He can
theu obtain the identification of his species by their numbers and publish
his studies upon tliem at his own pleasure.
8. Local names of fish should always accompany the specimens when
obtaiuable.
9. It is desirable to know whether or not the species is abundant ;
whether difi'ereut sizes of the same fish are found; whether they asso-
ciate in schools or not ; whether they are permanent residents or migra-
tory; if migratory, by what routes they come and go; whether they
form an important article of food; what they feed upon and what species
prey ujjou them; the depth and character of the bottom on which they
occur; the mode of capturing tliem; the uses made of them and the
various i)roducts which they go to form, in short, everything bearing
upon the life history or the economic ai)plications of the species should
be noted in detail.
10. Before washing the fish look them over for external parasites;
examine the gills and the inside of the mouth carefully, as these are fjx-
vorite situations. These parasites often furnish a clue to the migrations
of the fish; remove them if they can be taken off entire, if not, let them
remain, and call attention to their iiresence in your shipi:)ing notes.
Preserve the parasites in vials or bottles, and provide them with labels
stating from what fish they came and in what situation they were found.
To preserve fish indefinitely in glass jars, observe the following direc-
tions: first, select ajar of the proper size to accommodate the specimen
amply, without bending or distorting it in any way; put in the fish with
the tail down in nearly all cases; the tail may often rest upon the bottom
of the jar, or the fish may be suspended from the hook which is now
found in the stopple of the modern museum jars; cover the fish com-
pletely with the alcoholic mixture referred to in the closing sentence of
paragraph 4; discoloration of the alcohol is a sign that its preservative
l)Ower is weakened and calls for a renewal; fishes in alcohol will never
make a good show unless the liquid is kej^t clear and clean. A label
giving the name of the fish, place of its capture, and name of its captor,
should be tied on the neck of the jar by means of a piece of narrow tape
passed through holes punched in the ends of the paper. Tlie jars must
have accurately ground glass stopples. It is best to use no kind of
sealing wax to coat the joint of the stopple; simi^ly wipe the glass per-
fectly dry, close the jar properly, and there will be little danger of
evaporation. Do not let the direct sunlight strike your jars, and keep
them well removed from stoves, registers, and the like.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 239
A PREI.IIVIIIVABY CATAr.OGUE OF THE FIv«$IIES OF AI^ASKAIV AIVD
AOJACEIVT '^VATERS.
By TAKILETOM M. BEAIV.
Tbe followiug is a list of the fishes of Alaska which have been recorded
in the principal works relating to the subject. One hundred and sixteen
species are named, all of which are in the collection of the United States
National Museum except Pleuroncctes FranJcUnii, Muncnoides doUchogas-
ter, Scbastichthys ruber (represented by numerous exa.mi)les from Cali-
fornia and Paget Sound), Psycliroluies paradoxus, Esox lucius, Spratel-
loidcs bryoporns, and Raia bat is of Pallas. TLe catalogue is, therefore,
Xjractically a record of what the Museum has from the Territory. The
numbers i)receding the localities of the species refer to the Museum reg-
ister of fishes.
The earlier collections here mentioned were made principally by Messrs.
Bannister, Bischoff, Dall, Elliott, Kennicott, and Turner. More recent
contributions have been received from Commander L. A. Beardslee, U.
S. N., at Sitka, Capt. C. L. Hooper, United States Revenue Marine, in
the Arctic, and Mr. William J. Fisher, United States Coast Survey ob-
server, at Kodiak. As will be seen by referring to the list, very large
additions were made during the summer of 1880 by Mr. William H.
Dall, commanding the United States Coast Survey schooner Yukon,
his assistants, and the writer.
The species named are almost wholly shore species, or such as are
found in comparatively shallow water; the deep-water fishes of Alaska
are still undiscovered, instruments of deep-sea research, except the
dredge, not having been employed there.
In the appendix will be found the names of 99 species which have been
recorded from waters adjacent to Alaska, many of which will doubtless
be found within the limits of the Territory.
For the sake of convenience, the numbers preceding the names of
fishes in the faunal tables are the same as in the catalogue.
It is my intention to prepare a detailed account of the fishes here
recorded, and it is expected that at least the new species will be repre-
sented by illustrations.
GASTEROSTEID^.
1. Gasterosteus cataphractus (Pall.) Tilesius.
Kamtchatka (Pallas) ; San Francisco and Paget Sound (Jordan &
Gilbert).
20489. Sitka. J. A. Fitzgerald.
28053. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28077. Eefuge Cove, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27994. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July I, 1880. Dall & Bean.
240 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
28009. Chiigacbik Bay, Cook's lulet, July 2, 1880. T. H. Bean.
28068. $ St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. Ball & Bean.
23989. Sanborn Harbor, Uuga Island, Shumagius. W. H. Dall.
28074. Uuira Island, Sbumagins, July 18, 1880. E. P. Herendeen.
28025. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagius, July 20, 1880. E. P. Herendeen.
28094. Little Koniushi Island, Shumagius, July 16, 1880, W. H. Dall.
2796.=S. Uiuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean.
23987. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
239.-)3. Amchitka. W. H. Dall.
24063 (10:59). Amchitka, July, 1873. W. H. Dall.
23968. Kyska Harbor. W. H. Dall.
23988. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea, 1872. H. W. Elliott.
27998. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea, August 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
6757. Near Bering Island. H. M. Bannister.
2. Gasterosteus microcephalus Girard.
Tulare County, California (Cooper); San Pedro, Monterey Bay, and
San Francisco, California (Jordan & Gilbert); Puget Sound (Jor. &
Glib.).
28090. Piseco Lake, Sitka, May 31, 1880. T. H. Bean.
28016. St. Paul, Kodiak (fresh-water lake), July 13, 1880. Baker & Beau.
24058 (11.50). Chirikoff Island, June, 1874. W. H. Dall.
28084. Uiuliuk Lake, Unalashka, August 1, 1880. Sylvanus Bailey,
3. Gasterosteus pungitius L, subsp. brachypoda, Bean,
28017. St. Paul, Kodiak (fresh-water lake), July 13, 1880. Baker & Beau.
28076, Unga Island, Shumagius, July 18, 1880. E. P. Herendeen.
28085, Uiuliuk Lake (fresh water), Unalashka, August 1, 1880, Sylvanus Bailey.
24015, St. Paul Islaud, Bering Sea. H. W. Elliott.
6666. St. Michael's. H. M. Bannister.
6671, St. Michael's. H. M. Bannister.
23997. St. Michael's, 1876. L. M. Turner.
27530. Port Clarence, September 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27590. Elephant Point, Eschscholtz Bay, September 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27587. Near Icy Cape, Arctic Ocean, August 25, 1880. Dall & Bean.
23977. Alaska, 1879. Dr. Eobert White.
AULORHYNCHID^.
4. Aulorhynchus flavidus Gill.
Monterey Bay, California (Jordan & Gilbert) ; San Francisco (Peters,
Ayres^^e Gill); Puget Sound (Steind., Jor. & Gilb.).
27510. Sitka, June 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
PLEURONECTID^.
5. Pleuronectes stellatus Pallas.
San Luis Obispo, Monterey, and San Francisco (Jordan & Gilbert);
Columbia River and Puget Sound (Jor. & (lilb.); Coppermine R. (Rich);
Anderson R. (Baird); Plover Bay (Bean); De Castries Bay (Steind.).
28020 (Young). Sitka, June 8, 1880. Dall & Beau.
28012. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27600. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. E. P. Hereudeen.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 241
27985 (Young). Chiigacliik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. E. P. Hereucleen.
27622. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27684. St. Paul, Kodiak. Wm. J. Fisher.
19708 (1070). Iliuliuk, Unalaslika, September 3, 1873. W. H. Dall.
19709 (1071). Iliuliuk, Unalaslika, September 3, 1873. W. H. Dall.
27640. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27641. Iliuliuk, Unalaslika, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean.
21518. St. Michael's, May 30, 1877. L. M. Turner.
27693. Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper.
27698. Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper.
6. Pleuronectes glacialis Pallas.
P. glacialis Pall., Itin. vol. iii, p. 706 — River Obi.
? P. cicatrieosus Pall., Zoog. Ross.-Asiat. iii, 424 — "marl inter Camtschatcam
et Americam."
27947. Kotzebue Souud, September 2, 18S0. Dall & Bean.
27700. Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper.
7. Pleuronectes Franklinii Giinther.
Arctic Seas of America (Giiutber). Perhaps identical with P. glacialis
Pallas.
8. Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Pallas.
Sea between Kanitchatka and America (Pallas).
28025. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher.
9. Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres) Gill.
Monterey Bay and San Francisco, California (Jordan & Gilbert);
Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.).
27603. Sitka, June 3, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28021. Sitka, June 8, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27940. Sitka, June 13, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27941. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
28013. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27601. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. Sylvanus Bailey.
27942. Port Chatham, Cook's lulet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27602. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 12, 18S0. Dall & Bean.
27621. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 12, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27673. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 23, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher.
27674. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 24, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher.
27685. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 23, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher.
27686. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1860. Wm. J. Fisher.
28041. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher.
27644. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 20, 1880. E. P. Herendeen.
27943. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 19, 1880. Dall & Bean.
24018 (Young). Popoff Straits, Shumagins. W. H. Dall.
27642. Iliuliuk, Unalaslika, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27639. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. Sylvanus Bailey.
27647. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28003. Nateekin Bay, Unalashka, October. 8, 1880. Dall & Bean.
24009 (Young). Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
24019. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
24048. Unalashka. W. H. DaU.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 IG Dec. 24, 18 81.
242 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
24053. Uualashka. W. H. Dall.
24097 (1062). Nazan Bay, Atka, August 19, 1873. W. H. Dall.
24100 (985). Chichagoft' Harbor, Attu, June 20, 1873. W. H. Dall.
24103 (1163). St. Paul Islaud, July 24, 1874. W. H, Dall.
10. Limauda aspera (Pallas) Beau.
Pleuronectea asper Pall., Zoog. Eoss.-As., iii, 425.
Oceano orientali (Pall.); De Castries Bay (Steind. & Kner).
27944. Sitka, June 13, 1880. Dall & Beau.
27945. Sitka, Juue 9, 1880. Sylvauus Bailey.
? 27591 (Juv.). St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. W. H. Dall.
27678. St. Paul, Kodiak. William J. Fisher.
27631 9 . Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 19, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27632 9 . Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 19, 1880. Dall & Beau.
27.527 (Juv.). Port Clarence, September 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27550 (Juv.). Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27593 (Juv.). Indian Point, Siberia, August 15, 1880. W. H. Dall.
11. Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert.
Paget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.). .
27937. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. Dall & Beau.
27938. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 19, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27939. Iliuliuk, Uualashka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Beau.
23970 (Juv.). Alaska. W. H. Dall.
? 24020 (Juv.). St. Michael's. W. H. Dall.
12. HippKJglossus vulgaris Fleming.
Sea between Kamtcbatka and America (Pallas, as Pleuroncctes Mppo-
(jlossus); San Francisco and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert); Sitka
(Bean).
27652. Port Al thorp, June 20, 1880. Dall & Beau.
27670. Port Althorp, Juue 20, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27707. Port Althorp, June 20, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27706. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 2, 1880. H. W. McDonald.
27708. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 18'-'0. Sylvauus Bailey.
27604. Off Marmot Island, near Kodiak, July 8, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27605. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. Dall & Bean.
22466(1098). Uualashka. W. H. Dall.
22467. St. Michael's, 1876. L. M. Turner.
13. Atheresthes stomias Jordan & Gilbert.
San Francisco (Jor. & Gilb.).
24096 (1140) (Juv.). Port Etches, 12-18 fms., May, 1874. W. H. Dall.
27677. Off Afognak Island, 1880. William J. Fisher.
27683. Off Afognak Island, 1880. William J. Fisher.
27936. Off Popoff Island, Shumagins, July 19, 1880. T. H. Bean.
GADID^.
14. PoUachius chalcogrammus (Pallas) Jordan & Gilbert.
Monterey Bay, California (Jor. & Gilb.); Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.);
Okhotsk and Kamtcbatka Seas (Pallas, as Gadus clialcograimmis).
27989. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. Dall & Bean.
?28081 (Juv.). Refuge Cove, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 243
27637. Pirate Cove, Shumagins, July 19, 1880. W. H. Dall.
27741. Pirate Cove, Sluamagins, July 19, 1880. W. H. Dall.
27742. Pirate Cove, Shumagius, July 19, 1880. E. P. Herendeen.
19710. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagius. W. H. Dall.
23972. Lat. 52° 32'(?) N., Ion. 164° 20' \V., September, 18(55. George Davidson.
27918 (Juv.). Iliuliuk, Unalaslika, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27958 (Juv.). Iliuliuk, Uualashka. July 31, 1880. Dall & Beau.
27957 (Juv.). Chernottsky, Uualaslika, October 2, 1880. Dall &. Bean.
15. Boreogadus saida (Lepecb.) Bean.
t Gadini l)i/(jma'U!i Pallas, Zoog. Ross.-As., iii. Ott'Mouut St. Elias.
21525. St. Micbael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner.
2152G. St. Micbael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner.
24031. St. Michael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner.
24070 (105(3). Alaska. L. M. Turner.
?28096 (Juv.). Lat. 06^ 4.5' N., Ion. 166° 35' W., August 19, 1880. Herendeeu & Beau
27570 (Juv.). Cape Lisburue, Arctic O., August 21, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27542. Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 18s0. Dall & Beau.
27549. Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. Dall & Beau.
27576. Plover Bay, Siberia, 1880. E. P. Herendeen.
28005. Plover Bay, Siberia, August 12, 1880. Dall & Bean.
J
16. Gadus morrhua Linuieus.
Paget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert); Cook's Inlet (Bean); between
Kamtcliatka and America (Pallas, Zoog., 181); De Castries Bay (Stein-
dachner, as G. macrocepJialus).
27654. Sitka, May 30, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27746. Old Sitka, Juno 10, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27606. Old Sitka, Juue 12, 1880. Dall & Bean.
276.55. Off Marmot Island, July 8, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27656. Off Marmot Island, July 8, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27973. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 13, 1880. Dall & Bean.
24109 (924) (Juv.). Popoff Strait, July 5, 1872. Capt. W. G. Hall.
27589 (Juv.). Belkoffsky, July 23, 1880. Sylvanus Bailey.
24032. Iliuliuk, Unalaslika. W. H. Dall.
24035. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
24040 (Juv.). Iliuliuk, Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
28043 (Juv.). Iliuliuk, Uualashka, October 6, 1^80. Dall & Bean.
27956 (Juv.). Chernoftsky, Uualashka, October 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28007 (Juv.). Cheruoffsky, Uualashka, October 1, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28072 (Juv.). Cheruoffsky, Unalashka, October 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
? 24029. St. Paul Island, 9 fathoms. \V. H. Dall.
17. Microgadus proximus (Girard) Gill.
Monterey and San Francisco, California (Jordan & Gilbert); Pnget
Sound ( Jor. & Gilb.).
27982. Y.akutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean.
? 28059 (Juv.). Yakntat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean.
18. Tilesia gracilis (Tiles.) Swainson.
Gadus gracilis Tiles; G. wachna Ysdlas.
27931. Port Chatham, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean,
27932. St. Paul, Kodiak, July, 1880. Dall & Beau.
244 PROCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
27909, St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher.
9286. St. Micliael's. H. M. Baunister.
27950. Port Clarence, September, 1880. Dall & Bean.
19. Lota maculosa (LcS.) Eicli.
9607. Nulato, Yukon River. R. Kenuicott ?
10102 (647). Nulato, Yukon River. W. H. Dall.
LYCODID^.
20. Gymnelis viridis (Fabr.) Reinliardt.
23956. Coal Harbor, Shumagius. W. H. Dall.
23969. St. Micbael's, October 10, 1876. L. M. Turner.
26623. Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall & Bean,
27538 (Juv.). Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall & Bean.
? 24001. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
21. Lycodes Turnerii Bean.
21529 (Type). St. Michael's, March 28, 1876. L. M. Turner,
27659 (Juv.). Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. Dall & Bean.
22. Lycodes coccineus Bean.
27748 (Type). Big Diomede Island, September 10, 1880, T, H. Bean.
STICH^ID^.
23. Stichaeus punctatus (Fabr.) Reinhardt.
26622. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. .J, Fisher.
27581. St. Paul, Kodiak, June 10, 1880, W, H. Dall.
21718. St. Michael's, June, 29, 1874. L, M. Turner.
24012. St. Michael's. H. M. Bannister.
24. Stichaeus ( ? ) Rothrockii Bean,
This may represent a distinct genus — see Proc. IT. S. jS'at. Mus., vol.
iv, p, 147.
27573 (Typos). Cape Lisburne, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27.565 (Types). Plover Bay, Siberia, 1880, T, H. Bean,
27580 (Types). Plover Bay, Siberia, 1880, E. P. Herendeen,
25. Lumpenus anguillaris (Pallas) Girard,
San Francisco to Bellingham Bay (Cooper); Bellingham Bay (Suck-
ley); Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert); Kamtchatka, Aleutians, and
mainland of Alaska (Pallas).
27951. Port Mulgravcs Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880, Dall & Bean,
28067, Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880, Dall & Bean.
27988. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. Dall & Beau.
24077 (1211). Port Levasheff, Unalashka, September 18, 1874. W,H,Dall.
27525. Uiuliuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880, Dall & Bean,
28009. Chernoffsky, Unalashka, October 1, 1880. Dall & Bean,
? 27554 (Juv.), Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean, August 27, 1880, Dall & Bean,
27544, Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880, T, H, Bean,
27575, Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. E, P, Herendeen.
26621. Plover Bay, Siberia, September 1.5, 1880, Dall & Bean.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 245
XIPHISTERID^.
26. Xiphister rupestris Jordau & Gilbert.
Monterey Bay, California (Jor. & Gilb.); Paget Sound (Jor. «& Gilb.).
7813. Vaucouver Islaud. S. W. Hewsou.
27502. Sitka. L. i?. Beardslee.
27508. Sitka, May 30, 1880. Sylvanus Bailey.
24017. Alaska. W. H. Dall.
27. Xiphister chirus Jordan & Gilbert.
Monterey Bay and Paget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert).
23958. Adakli. W. H. Dall.
23964. Amchitka. W. H. Dall.
28. Anoplarchus atropurpureus (Kittlitz) Gill.
Monterey Bay, San Francisco, and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbe^rt,
as A. alectrolophm)^ Vancouver Island and Fraser's Kiver (Giintlier, as
A. crista-galli).
27501. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
27509. Sitka, June 1, 1880. T. H. Bean.
28054. Port Mulgrave, June 24, 1880. T. H. Bean.
24014. Kodiak. Jno. C. Tidball.
240(i4 (1146). Chagafka Cove, Kodiak, June, 1874. M. Baker.
24098 (1147). Chagafka Cove, Kodiak, June, 1874. M. Baker.
28034. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher.
28088. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher.
23948. Coal Harbor, Shumagius. W. H. Dall.
23955. Coal Harbor, Shumagius. W. H. Dall.
24005. Coal Harbor, Shumagius. W. H. Dall.
23980. Sanborn Harbor, Shumagius. W. H. Dall.
23991. Sanborn Harbor, Shumagius. W. H. Dall.
24078 (953). Sanborn Harbor, Shumagius, July, 1872. Capt. AV. G. Hall.
24086. Popoff Straits, Shumagius. W. H. Dall.
27584. Iliuliuk, Uualashka, July 28, 1880. S. Bailey.
23994. Uualashka. W. H. Dall.
24084 (1187). Uualashka. W. H. Dall.
24080 (1060). Nazan Bay, Atka, August 19, 1873. W. H. Dall.
23949. Amchitka. W. H. Dall.
23963. Amchitka. W. H. Dall.
24071 (1025). Kyska Harbor, July, 1873. W. H. Dall.
24057. Port Etches. W. H. Dall.
6758. St. Michael's. H. M. Bannister.
22018. St. Michael's, October 10, 1876. L. M. Turner.
23979. St. Michael's. L. M. Turner.
29. Muraenoides dolichogaster (Pallas) Gill.
Kamtchatka (Pallas); De Castries Bay (Steind. & Kner); Aleutian
Islands (Pallas).
30. Muraenoides oruatus (Girard) Gill.
Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert). /
24117. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
27503. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee,
246 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
27517. Sitka (Indian River), June 8, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27996. Sitka, June 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27532. Sitka, June 3, 1880. Dall & Bean.
24117. Sitka. W. H. Dall.
28035. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean.
24056. Port Etches. W. H. Dall.
27568. Cliugacliik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. Dall 4 Bean.
28078. Refuge Cove, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
23992. Kodiak. W. G. W. Harford.
24102 (1147) (Juv.). Chagafka Cove, Kodiak, Juno, 1874. M. Baker.
2c062. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 12, 1880. W. H. Dall.
23946. Coal Harbor, Shumagins. W. H. Dall.
24105 (928) (Juv.). Coal Harbor, Shumagins, July 3, 1872. W. G. Hall.
23981. Sanborn Harbor, Shumagins. W. H. Dall.
27585. Belkoffsky, Aliaska Peninsula, July 23, 1880. W. H. Da!l.
27521. IliuHuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27962. lUuliuk, Unalashka. Dall & Bean.
27916. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, August 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28044. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
23993. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
24002. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
23975. Atka. W. H. Dall.
23957. Adakh. W. H. Dall.
2.3950. Amchitka. W. H. Dall.
23960. Amchitka. W. H. Dall.
24173. Attn, June 23, 1879. Dr. Robert White.
24006. Port Moller. W. H. Dall.
31. Muraenoides maxillaris Bean.
23999. (Type) St. Paul Island, 1872. H. W. Elliott.
AKARRHIOHADID^ .
32. Anarrhichas lepturu3 Bean.
21509 (Type), St. Michael's, 1877. L. M. Turner.
21510 (Type). St. Michael's, June 24, 1876. L. M. Turner.
( ) Collection of Alaska Commercial Company, San Francisco.
TRACHINID^.
33. Bathymaster signatus Cope.
Washington Territory (Bean); Pnget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert).
24036. Sitka, October ,5, 1861. W. G. W. Harford.
27924. Sitka, June 7, 1880. T. H. Bean.
27925. Sitka, 1880. L. A. Beardslee.
27970. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher.
23954. Coal Harbor, Shumagins. W. H. Dall.
24004. Coal Harbor, Shumagins. W. H. Dall.
27646. Off Popoff Island., Shumagins, July 19, 1880. E. P. Hereudeen.
27645. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean.
23976. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
24003. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
24016. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
24092. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 247
TRICHODONTID^.
34. Trichodon Stelleri C. & V.
2:5947. Coal Harbor, Shumagius. W. H. Dall.
27980. Humboldt Harbor, Unga Island, Sljuniagins, July 21, 1880. Marcus Baker.
23933. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
24054. Uualashka. W. H. Dall.
24033 (1184). Unalashka, September 1, 1874. W. H. Dall.
24050 (1168). Cape Etolin, Nunivak Island, July, 1874. W. H. Dall.
CYCLOPTEEID^.
35. Eumicrotremus spinosus (F.nbr.) Gill.
Cyclopterus orhia Giinther (Esquimault Harbor).
27505. Iliuliuk, Unalashka (from stomach of Ah'irklosaurus fcrox), October, 1880.
T. H. Bean.
27506. Iliuliuk, Unalashka (from stomach of Alcpidosaurus ferox), October, 1880.
T. H. Bean.
27.j07. Iliuliuk, Unalashka (from stomach of Alepidosaurus fcrox), October, 1880.
T. H. Bean.
. St. Paul Island, August, 1868. W. H. Dall.
27548. Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. Dall & Bean.
LIPAKIDID^.
36. Liparis pulchellus Ayrcs.
Monterey aud Sau Fraucisco, California (Jordan & Gilbert).
? 28091. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher.
27917. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, August 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
37. Liparis calliodon (Pallas) Giiuther.
Kamtchatka and Aleutian Islands (Pallas).
?24063 (1137). Port Etches, May, 1874. W. H^ Dall.
27586. Belkoffsky, Aliaska Peninsula, July 23' 1880. W. H. Dall.
23990. Sanborn Harbor, Shumagius. W.H.Dall.
? 28037 (Juv.). Nateekin Bay, Unalashka, October 8, 1880. Dall & Bean.
?23966. Adakh. W. H. Dall.
24091 (1055). Bay of Islands, Adakh, August, 1873. W. H. Dall.
?23951. Amchitka. W.H.Dall.
?23962. Amchitka. W.H.Dall.
?24065 (1039). Amchitka, July, 1873. W. H. Dall.
?23978. St. Michael's. L.M. Turner.
27540. Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. Dall & Boau.
27536. Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall & Bean.
38. Liparis cyclopus Giinther.
Esquimault Harbor ((xiiuth.).
24046. Unalashka. W. H, Dall.
24047. Port Moller. W. H. Dall.
39. Liparis gibbus Bean.
24010. Captain's Bay, Unalashka. W.H.Dall.
24047 (Type). St. Paul IsL.nd, 1872. H. W. Elliott.
27545 (Type). Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27535 (Type). Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall & Bean.
26625(Type(. Off Cape Tchaplin, Siberia, August 15, 1880. Dall & Bean.
248 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
AGONID^.
40. Siphagonus barbatus Steindachner.
Hakodadi and Nagasaki, Japan (Steind.) ; " Eismeer, zunachst der
Behringsstrasse " (Steind.).
28052. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean.
14932. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
27529. Port Clarence, September G, 1880. Dall & Bean.
41. Podothecus acipenserinus (Pallas) Gill.
Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert); Vancouver Island, Gulf of Geor-
gia (Giinther); Unalashka (Pallas).
17125. Port Townsend, Washington Territory, April 6, 1877. J. G. Swan.
7310. Vancouver Island. A. W. Hewson.
? 27583 (Juv.). St. Paul, Kodiak. W. H. Dall.
24011 (Juv.). Uualaslika. W. H. Dall.
?27574 (Juv.). Cape Lisburnc, Artie O., August 21, 1880 (no barbels). Dall & Beau.
10134. Alaska.
42. Podothecus trispinosus (Lockington) Jordan & Gilbert.
Santa Barbara and San Francisco, California (Jor. & Gilb.).
24060. Sitka. W. H. Dall.
COTTID^.
43. Cottus taeniopterua Kner.
Wien. Sitzb. Iviii; 1 Abth., 310, taf. 4, fig. 10.
? 24062 (Juv. ).Hagmei8ter. W. H. Dall.
21522. St. Michael's. L. M. Turner.
21523. St. Michael's. L. M. Turner.
28004. Point Belcher, Arctic O., August 27, 1880. DaU & Bean.
127559 (Juv.). Head of Plover Bay, Siberia, August 12, 1880. T. H. Bean.
44. Cottus polyacanthooephalus Pallas.
Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert); Off Mount St. Elias (Pallas).
27661. Sitka. L. A. Beardslce.
27512 (Juv.). Sitka, June 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27607. Sitka, June 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27065. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27997. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28039. Refuge Cove, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Beau.
27625. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 11, 1880 (head). B. G. Mclntyre.
28063. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 12, 1880. W. H. Dall.
27986. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 24, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher.
29033. St. Paul, Kodiak. Wm. J. Fisher.
27623. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 19, 1880. Dall & Beau.
27624. Pirate Cove, Popoff Island, Shumagins, July 19, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28031. Popoff Island, Shumagins, July 20, 1880. Dall & Bean.
19698 (1078). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, September 3, 1873. W. H. Dall.
19699 (1079). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, September 3, 1873. W. H. Dall.
27520. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27643. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Beau.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 249
27964. Uiuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27G38. Uiuliuk, Uualashka, October 15, 1880. Doll & Ben,n.
27671. Uiuliuk, Uualashka, October 15, 1880. Dall & Beau.
27946. Uiuliuk, Uualashka, October 6, 1880. Dall & Beau.
23499. Uualashka. W. H. Dall.
24075 (1215) (Juv.). Uualashka, 60 fnis., September 18, 1874. W. H. Dall.
28008. Cheruoffsky, Uualashka, October 1, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27955. Cheruoffsky, Uualashka, October 1, 1880. Dall & Beau.
24099 (1062). Nazau Bay, Atka, August 19, 1873. W. H. Dall.
23965. Aluchitka. W. H. Dall.
?23935(.Iuv.). Port Moller. W. H. Dall.
?27571(Juv.). Cape Lisburue, Arctic O., August 21, 1880. Dall & Bean.
?27543(Juv.). Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall & Bean.
23944. (Juv.) Alaska. W. H. Dall.
45. Cottus niger Beau.
23937. Sanborn Harbor, Shumagins. W. H. Dall.
23928. St. Paul Island, 1872. H. W. Elliott.
23929. St. Paul Island, 1872. H. W. Elliott.
279.32 (Types). St. I'aul Island, August 6, 1880. John Armstrong.
27971 (Types). St. Paul Island, August 6, 1880. John Armstrong.
4 6. Cottus humilis Bean.
21519. St. Michael's, 1877. L. M. Turner.
21520. St. Michael's, 1877. L. M. Turner.
21521. St. Michael's, June 11, 1875. L. M. Turner.
27972 (Type). Chamisso Island, Eschscholtz Bay, August 31, 1880. Dall & Beau.
275.53 (Juv.) . Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean, August 27, 1880. Dall & Bean.
? 24013 (Juv.). Alaska.
47. Aspidocottus bison Girard.
San Francisco and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert).
27983. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
29038 (Juv.). St. Paul, Kodiak. Wm. J. Fisher.
48. Ceratocottus diceraus (Pallas) Gill.
23932 (1108). Sitka, 15 fms. gu. md., M.ay, 1874. \V. H. Dall.
49. Uranidea microstoma Lockington.
27516. Indian Eiver, Sitka, June 8, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27534. Indian River, Sitka, Jnue 11, 1880. Sylvanus Bailey.
? 23927. Sitka. W. H. Dall.
26922 (Type). Kodiak. W. N. Lockington.
28071. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher.
27596. Aleutian Islands. A. Greenebaum.
28083. Uiuliuk, Unalashka, August 1, 1880. Sylvanus Bailey.
50. Gymnacanthus pistilliger (Pallas) Gill.
Kamtchatka and Unalashka (Pallas).
24089 (1014 & 1015). Kyska Harbor, July 7, 1873. W. H. Dall.
? 27592 (Juv.). Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean, August 27, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27.560 (Juv.). Plover Bay, Siberia, August 12, 1880. T. H. Bean.
26626. Off Cape Tchaplin, Siberia, August 15, 1680. W. H. Dall.
250 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
51. Gymnacanthus galeatus Bean.
28097 (Typos). Uiiiliuk, Unalashka, July 30, 1880, Dall & Bean.
? 27595 (Juv.). Off Cape Sabiuc, Arctic Ocean, August 24, 1880. Dall & Bean.
52. Artedius notospilctus Girard.
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, and San Francisco, California (Jor.
& Gilb.); Paget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.).
23933. Sanborn Harbor, Shumagins. W. H. Dall.
23934. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
23938. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
53. Hemilepidotus trachurus (Pallas) Giinther.
San Francisco and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert, as R. Gibhsii).
27609. Sitka, May 28, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27(510. Sitka, May 29, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27750. Sitka, June 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27511 (Juv.). Sitka, June 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27901. Sitka, 1880. L. A. Beardslee.
27664. Port Althorp, June 20, 1880. Dall & Bean.
24104 (1140) (Juv.). Port Etches, 12 to 18fms., May, 1874. W. H. DalT.
27608. Port Chatham, Cook's Inlet, July 5, 1880. Dall & Bean.
? 24094 (Jnv.). Popoff Strait. W. H. Dall.
24107 (925) (Juv.). Popoff Strait, Shumagins, July 3, 1872. W. H. Dall.
?24066 (931) (Juv.). Coal Harbor, Shumagins, July, 1872. W. G. Hall.
?24090 (934) (Juv.). Coal Harbor, Shumagins, July, 1872. W. G. Hall.
23939 (Juv.). Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
23940 (1185) (Juv.). Unalashka, 9 to 16 fms., September 1, 1874. W. II. DaU.
24108 (1013) (Juv.). Kyska, July 7, 1873. W. H. Dall.
24101 (1014) (Juv.). Kyska. W. H. Dall.
?24079 (1019) (Juv.). Kyska, July 7, 1873. W. H. Dall.
?24072 (1026) (Juv.). Kyska, July, 1873. AV. H. Dall.
24095 (1036) (Juv.). Kyska, 10 fms. in Pass, July, 1873. W. H. Dall.
?24076 (1062) (Juv.). Nazan Bay, Atka, Aug. 19, 1873. W. H. Dall.
?24059 (1054) (Juv.). Bay of Islands, Adakh, August, 1873. W. H. Dall.
? 24085 (1040) (Juv.). Amchitka, July 26, 1873.
T24082 (985) (Juv.). Chichagoff Harbor, Attu, June 20, 1873. W. H. Dall.
54. Hemilepidotus Jordani Bean.
Cottus trachurus Pallas (part), referred to in the following sentence:
"/w majori specimine color supra fuscus, suhtus palUdo-alhus^ immaeulatusJ'^
27658. Port Althorp, June 20, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27659. Port Chatham, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27660. Port Chatham, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27611. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 12, 1880. Dall & Bean.
29036. St. Paul, Kodiak. Wm. J. Fisher.
27612. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 17, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27613. Humboldt Harbor, Shniuagins, July 17, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27614. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 17, 1880. Dall & Beau.
27615. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 17, 1880. Dall & Beau.
27634. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 19, 1880. Dall & Beau.
27598 (Type). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 30, 1880. Sylvanus Bailey.
28033 (Juv.). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 12, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27633. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 15, 1880. Dall & Bean.
23943. Iliuliuk, Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
27749. Cheruoffsky, Unalashka, October 1, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27539 (Juv.). Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall <fc Bean.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 251
55. MeUetes papilio Beau.
23751 (Type). St. Paul Islaud, 1872. H. W. Elliott.
56. Leptocottns armatus Girard.
Sau Diego, San Pedro, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Monterey
Bay, and San Francisco, California (Jordan & Gilbert); Puget Sound
(Jor. & Gilb.).
6754. Sitka. F. Bischoff.
23931. Sitka (very bad state). C. S. Bulkley.
27968. Sitka, May 31 to Juue 8, 1S80. Dall & Beau.
27976. Port Mulgrave, Yakntat Bay, .June 24, 1880. Dall & Beau.
29037. St. Paul, Kodiak. Wui. J. Fisher.
57. Oligocottus maculosus Girard.
Sau Luis Obispo, Monterey Bay, and San Francisco, California (Jor.
& Gilb.); Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.).
7815. Vaucouver Islaud. A. W. Hewson.
15029. Victoria. Dall & Browu.
6755. Sitka. F. Bisclioff.
7.322. Sitka, August 18. W. H. Dall.
27504. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
27514. Sitka, Juue 3, 1880. Dall & Beau.
27531. Sitka, Jane 3, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27515. Sitka (Indian River), June 8, 1880. Dall & Bean.
2-093. Alexaudrovsk, Cook's Inlet, July 4, 1880. Dall & Beau.
58. Oligocottus globiceps Girard.
Monterey Bay and San Francisco, California (Jor. & Gilb.); Puget
Sound (Jor. & bilb.).
6751. Sitka. F. Bischoff.
24083 (1147). Cbagafka Cove, Kodiak, June, 1874. M. Baker.
23959. Adakh. ^Y. H. Dall.
23952. Amchitka. W. H. Dall.
59. Triglops pingelii Reinhardt.
Oft' Point Bingham, Jacobi Island, Gulf of Alaska (Bean).
27541. Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall & Beau.
60. Blepsias cirrhosus (Pallas) Giinther.
San Francisco and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert).
24114. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
28051. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 18ft0. Dall & Bean.
24039. Uiuliuk, Uualashka. W. H. Dall.
27522. Uiuliuk, Unalashka, July 2«, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27919. Uiuliuk, Uualashka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27960. Uiuliuk, Uualashka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28073. Cheruoffsky, Uualashka, October 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
24106 (1055) (Juv.). Bay of Islands, Adakb, August, 1873. W. H. Dall.
24088 (1003) (Juv.). Kyska, Juue 28, 1873. W. H. Dall.
24087 (1035) (Juv.). Kyska, 10 fms. in Pass, July 15, 1873. W. H. Dall.
24030 (Juv.). St. Paul' Islaud, 9 fathoms. W. H. Dall.
252 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
61. Blepsias bilobus Cuv. & Val.
Kamtcbatka (Guntber).
28061. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher.
62. Nautichthys oculofasciatus Girard.
San Fraiicisco and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert).
23941 (1185) (Juv.). Uualaslika, Sept. 1, 1874. W. H. Dail.
24073 (1054) (Juv.). Bay of Islands, Adakh, August, 1873. W. H. Dall.
24067 (Juv.). Kyska. W. H. Dall.
27582 (Juv.). St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. W. H. Dall.
28066 (Juv.). St. Paul, Kodi.ak, July 12, 1880. W. H. Dall.
63. Rhamphocottus Richardsoni Giiuther.
California (Lockington); Fort Euj^ert, Kortb America (Giintber).
26620. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher.
HEMITRIPTERID.^.
64. Hemitripterus americanus (Gmel.) Storer.
H. cavifrons Lockiugton, Kodiak.
I bave compared Lockington's type with JBT. americanus in the museum
of the California Academy of Sciences.
SCORP^NID^.
65. Sebastichthys nialiger Jordan & Gilbert.
Monterey Bay and San Francisco, California ( Jor. & Gilb.) ; Puget
Sound (Jor. & Gilb.).
27713. Sitka, June 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
?27922(Jiiv.). Sitka, June9,1880. Corbin Ball.
66. Sebastichthys caurinus (Rich.) Jor. & Gilb.
Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.).
27714. Old Sitka, June 10, 1880. T. H. Bean.
67. Sebastichthys ruber (Ayres) Lockiugton.
Santa Barbara, Monterey Bay, and San Francisco, California (Jor. &
Gilb.); Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.); off Point Bingham, Jacobi Island,
Gulf of Alaska (Bean).
68. Sebastichthys melanops (Girard) Jor. & Gilb.
Monterey Bay and San Francisco (Jor. & Gilb.); Puget Sound (Jor.
& Gilb.).
27628. Sitka, May 28, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27921. Sitka, May 28, 1880. A. T. Whitford.
27747. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
27675. St. T»aul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher.
69. Sebastichthys ciliatus (Tiles.).
Aleutians (Pallas, as Perca variabilis).
27255. Kodiak. D. S. Jordan.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 253
CHIRID^.
70. Hexagrammus asper Steller.
Kamtchatka (Pallas, as Labrax hexagrammus).
23930. Sitka. C. S. Bulkley.
27910. Sitka, May 31, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27911. Old Sitka, Jane 12, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27912. Port Miilgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28060. Port Mul-j;rave, Yakntat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28079 (Juv.). Refuge Cove, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
?27974 (Juv.). St. Paul, Kodiak, July 13, 1880. Dall & Bean.
276.50. Uiuliuk, Unalasbka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27961. Iliuliuk, Unalaslika, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28045. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
23982. Unalaslika. W. H. Dall.
239S5. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
23986. Unalaslika. W. H. Dall.
23974. Atka. W. H. Dall.
21.530. St. Michaers, June, 1875. L. M. Turner.
21531. St. Michael's, June, 1875. L. M. Turner.
21532. St. Michael's, June, 1875. L. M. Turner.
21533. St. Michael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner.
27528 (Juv.). Port Clarence, September 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
71. Hexagrammus ordinatus (Cope) Bean.
27987. Old Sitka, June 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28027. Popoflf Island, Shuinagius, July 20, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27523. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27648. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27649. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27967. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27975. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27935. Chernoffsky, Unalashka, October 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
24042. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
24043. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
72. Hexagrammus superciliosus (Pallas) Jor. &. Gilb.
Monterey Bay and San Francisco (Jor. & (xilb.) 5 Pnget Sound (Jor. &
Gilb.); Unalaslika (Pallas).
5606. Sitka. F. Bischoff.
27666. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27913. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. Dall & Bean.
29034. St. Paul, Kodiak. Win. J. Fisher.
24051. Kodiak. F. Bischoff.
27934. Chernoffsky, Unalashka, October 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
24172 (Skin). Attn, 1879. Dr. Robert White.
73. Hexagrammus scaber Bean.
23961 (Juv.) (Type). Amchitka. W. H. Dall.
27920 (Juv.) (Type). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. T. H. Bean.
254 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
74. Hexagranimus decagrammus (Pallas) Jor. & Gilb.
San Luis 01)ispo, Monterey Bay, and San Francisco (Jor. & Gilb.);
Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.) ; off Mount St. Elias, Gulf of Alaska (Pallas).
27627. Sitka, June 3, 1880. Dall & Beau.
27709 9 . Old Sitka, Juue 10, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27626. Old Sitka, June 12, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27710,?. Old Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
27711 9 . Old Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
27653. Chatham Strait, Juue 20, 1880. Marcus Baker.
24022. Uualashka. W. H. Dall.
75. Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas) Gill.
Uualashka (Pallas, as Lahrax 7nonopterygius).
27112. Kodiak. D. S. Jordan.
29035. St. Paul, Kod;ak. Wm. J. Fisher.
27930. Iliuliuk, Uualashka, October 7, 1880. Robert King.
27933. Chernoffsky, Unalashka, October 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27954. Chernoffsky, Uualashka, October 2, 1880. Dall & Beau.
24174 (Skin). Attu, Juue 23, 1879. Dr. Robert White.
76. Ophiodon elongatus Girard.
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Monterey Bay, San Francisco (Jor.
& Gilb.); Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.).
27657. Sitka, June 7, 1880. Dall & Bean.
77. Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas) Gill.
Monterey Bay, San Francisco, and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert);
off Mount St. Elias, Alaska (Pallas, as Gadus fimbria).
27745. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
AMMODYTID^.
78. Ammodytes americanus De Knj.
A. personatus Girard.
Monterey Bay and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert).
24055 (1105). Sitka, May, 1874. W. H. Dall.
24113. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
28040. Sitka, May 31, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28055. Port Mu]<rravo, Yakutat Bay, Juue 24, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27993. Chugachik Bay, Cook's luk-t, July 1, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28070. Port Chatham, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
24110 (11.52). Semidi Islauds, 12 to 28 fms., June, 1874. W. H. Dall.
28011. Humboldt Bay, Shumagius, July 21, 1880. H. W. McDonald.
24093 (1210). Unalashka, 20 fms., September 18, 1874. W. H. Dall.
24028. Iliuliuk, Uualashka, June 4. W. H. Dall.
27963. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean.
24008. Captain's Bay, Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
28006. Chernotfsky, Uualashka, October 1, 1880. Dall & Beau.
24034. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
24U81 (10.38). Constantine Bay, Amchitka, July 24, 1873. W. H. Dall.
27526. Port Clarence, September 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28014. Port Clarence, September 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 255
28024. Port Clarence, September 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27556 (Juv.). Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean, August 27, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27562. Plover Bay, Siberia, August 12, 1880. T. H. Bean.
27577. Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. E. P. Herendeen.
79. Ammodytes alascanus Cope.
?6667. Sitka. F. Biscboff.
24115. Sitka (180 skin-folds). L. A. Beardslee.
PSYCHROLUTID^.
80. Psychrolutes paradoxus Giintber.
Vancouver Islaud (Giintlier); Kodiak Island (collection of Alaska
Commercial Company, of San Francisco).
ESOCID^.
81. Esox lucius Linn.
Yukon River (Dall).
6886. Fort Simpson, British America.
7552. Fort Resolution. R. Kennicott.
8827. Fort Rae. R. Kennicott.
8158. Slave Lake. R. Kennicott.
UMBRID^.
82. Dallia pectoralis Beau.
6661 (Types). St. Michael's. H. M. Bannister.
23498 (Types). St. Michael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner.
MICROSTOMID^.
83. Osnierus deiitex Stcindachner.
De Castries Bay, Siberia (Steiud.).
?28058(Juv.). Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, Juue24, 1880. Dall & Bean.
21527. St. Michael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner.
21528. St. Michael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner.
27914. Port Clarence, September 8, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27981. Port Clarence (dried), September 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
84. Osmerus spirinchus (Pallas)?
? O. (lentex Steind.
27558. Kotzebifc Sound, September 2, 1880. E. P. Herendeen.
85. Mallotu.s villosus (ISIiiller) Cuv.
Kamtcliatka and islands between Asia and America (Pallas).
24118. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
28022. Sitka, September, 1879. L. A. Beardslee.
27990. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. T, H. Bean.
28080. Refuge Cove, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28038. Off Marmot Island (cod stomach), July 8, 1880. T. H. Bean.
6664. St. Michael's. H. M. Bannister.
24038. Bering Strait. Wm. Stimpson.
27.572 (Juv.). Cape Lisbnrne, Arctic O., August 21, 1880. Dall it Bean.
27.555 (Juv.). Point Belcher, Arctic O., August 27, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27563 (Juv.). Plover Bay. Siberia, August 12, 1880. T. H. Bean.
27564 (Juv.). Plover Bay, Siberia, August 12, 1880. T. H. Bean.
27579 (Juv.). Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. E. P. Herendeen.
256 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
86. Hypomesus olidus (Pallas) Gill.
Be Castries Bay (Kuer, as Osmerus oligodon); streams and lakes of
Kamtcliatka (Pallas, as SaJmo olidus).
23973. St. Michael's, May 20, 1877. L. M. Turner.
24044. St. Michael's. L. M. Turner.
87. Hypomesus pretiosus (Girard) Gill.
Sau Francisco and Paget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert, as H. olidus.)
2799.5. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean.
88. Thaleichthys pacificus (Rich.) Girard.
Columbia Kiver and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert); Vancouver
Island (Giinther).
24170. Stickene Eiver, July, 1879. Dr. Robert White.
24111. Wraugell, 1880. R. D. Crittenden.
24112. Southern Alaska. L. A. Beardslee.
24116. Sitka. L. A. Beard.slee.
24661. Sitka (dried). W. H. Dall.
28001. Chilkat River, June, 1880. Marcus Baker.
24122. Katmai, Aliaska, 1880. B. G. Mclutyre.
COREGONID^.
89. Coregonus laurettae Bean.
9606. Nulato, Yukon River. R. Kennicott.
24023. Nulato, Yukon River. W. H. Dall.
24024. Nulato, Yukon River. W. H. Dall.
27915 (Type). Port Clarence, September 8, 1880. T. H. Bean.
27695 (Types). Point Barrow, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper.
90. Coregonus Merckii Giinther, variety.
Kolima and other Siberian rivers (Pallas, as Salmo clnpeoides, fide
Giinther).
23995. St. Michael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner.
27698. Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper.
91. Coregonus clupeiformis (Mitchill) Milner.
Great Lake Region to Polar Sea (Jordan).
? 7274. Fort Rae, Slave Lake.
9521. St. Michael's. H. M. Bannister.
? 23996 (Juv.). St. Michael's. L. M. Turner.
27790. Nulato, Yukon River. W. H. Dall.
27791. Nulato, Yukon River. J. T. Dyer.
24026. Yukon River. W. H. Dall.
92. Coregonus Kennicottii Milner.
8971 (Type). Fort Good Hope, British America. R. Kennicott.
9605. Nulato, Yukon River. R. Kennicott.
24025. Nulato, Yukon River, March 27, 1887. W. H. Dall.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 257
93. Coregonus quadrilateralis Rich.
Arctic Ocean and rivers of Arctic North America (Giintlier).
27793. Slave Lake. R. Kennicott.
27792. Nulato, Yukon River, April 21, 1867. W. H. Dall.
24000 (Juv.). Fort Yukou, 1877. L. M. Turner.
94. Thymallus signifer (Rich.) Cuv. &. Val.
Lakes and rivers north of Mackenzie Eiver (Eich.).
9523. St. Michael's. H. M. Bannister.
7993. Nulato, Yukon River. W. H. Dall.
SALMONID^.
95. Salvelinus malma (VValb.) Jordan & Gilbert.
? Salmo citrilus Pallas.
McCloud Eiver, California (Bean) ; Columbia Eiver and Puget Sound
(Jordan & Gilbert).
27731. Sitka, May, 1880. A. T. Whitford.
27734. Sitka, May 31, 1880. L. A. Beardslee.
27739. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
27908. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
24120. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
27730. Silka (Indian River), July to August, 1879. L. A. Beardslee.
27733. Sitka, May 31, 1880. Dall & Bean.
2773.5. Sitka, May 31, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27513. Sitka (Pyloric caica), June 2, 1880. T. H. Bean.
27518 (Juv.). Sitka (Indian River), June 8, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27620. Sitka, June 8, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27599. Old Sitka, June 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27732. Old Sitka, June 2, 18S0. Dall & Bean.
27729. Port Althorp, June 18-19, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27992. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. T. H. Bean.
27728. Refuge Cove, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27740. Refuge Cove, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall »fc Bean.
27969. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher.
27727. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28029. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 20, 1880. W. H. Dall.
28095 (Juv.). Little Koniushi Island, Shumagins, July 16, 1880. W. H. Dall.
23984. Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
19702 (1080). Unalashka. W. H. Dall.
27726. Uiuliuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27966 (Juv.). Uiuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean,
27597. Illiuliuk, Unalashka, July, 1880. Dall & Beau.
28002. Nateekin Bay, Unalashka, October 8, 1880. Dall & Bean.
23967. Kyska Harbor. W. H. Dall.
21511. St. Michael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner.
21512. St. Michael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner.
21514. St. Michael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner.
21517. St. Michael's, March, 1876. L. M. Turner.
21513. Unalaklik River, March, 1876. L. M. Turner.
21515. Unalaklik River, March, 1876. L. M. Turner.
21516. Unalaklik River, March, 1876. L. M. Turner.
27724. Port Clarence, September 8, 1880. DaU & Bean.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 17 Bee. S4, I §8 1.
258 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
27691 (Skin). Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper.
27692 (Head). Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper.
27701 (Skin). Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper.
27569 (Juv.). Cape Lisburno, Arctic Ocean, August 21, 1880. Dall & Bean.
19707 (966). Alaska. W. H. Dall.
27725. Plover Bay, Siberia, August 12-13, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28046 (Csca). Plover Bay, Siberia^ August 13, 1880. T. H. Bean.
96. Salmo purpuratus Pallas.
Monterey Bay, San Francisco, Columbia River, and Puget Sound
(Jordan & Gilbert) ; rivers Bolscliaya and Bystraya, Kamtcbatka (Pallas).
24119. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
27902. Sitka, May 29, 1880. L. A. Beardslee.
127905. Sitka, July or August, 1879. L. A. Beardslee.
27906. Sitka, July or August, 1879. L. A. Beardslee.
27907. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
27904. Sitka, May, 1880. A. T. Whitford.
27903. Sitka, June 1-3, 1880. W. M. Noyes.
24123. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. W. G. W. Harford.
27690. Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper.
27699. Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper.
97. Salmo Gairdneri Eich.
Monterey Bay, San Francisco, Columbia River, and Puget Sound
(Jordan & Gilbert).
27662 9 . Sitka, June 9, 1880. T. H. Bean.
27738 $ (Skin). Sitka, June 10, 1880. T. H. Bean.
24125 (Eggs). Sitka, June 10, 1880. T. H. Bean.
27533 $ (Pyloric ceeca). Sitka, June 10, 1880. T. H. Bean.
24124 (Juv.). St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. W. G. W. Harford.
98. Salmo irideus Gibbons.
I have doubtfully referred to this species the following young speci-
men:
28023. Sitka, July or August, 1879. L. A. Beardslee.
99. Oncorhynchus chouicha (Walb.) Jor. & Gilb.
Monterey Bay, San Francisco, Columbia Eiver, and Puget Sound
(Jordan & Gilbert).
27676 (Skin). Kassilov River, Cook's Inlet, 1880. William J. Fisher.
27680 (Skin). Kassilov River, Cook's Inlet, 1880. William J. Fisher.
27679 (Skin). Alaska, 1880. William J. Fisher.
27681 (Skin). Alaska, 1880. AVilliam J. Fisher. ^
27682 (Spermaries). Alaska, 1880. William J. Fisher.
27716 (Belly). Yukon River. Steward of steamer St. Paul.
100. Oncorhynchus keta (Walb.) Gill & Jordan.
San Francisco, Columbia River, and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert).
27737 9 (Skin). Old Sitka, June 12, 1880. T. H. Bean.
27617 ^ (Skin). Alcxaudrovsk, Cook's Inlet, July 4, 1880. J. Cohen.
28050 (CiBca and spermaries). Alexandrovsk, Cook's Inlet, July 4, 1880. J. Cohen.
27618 (Head). St. Paul, Kodiak, July 13, 1880. Dall & Bean.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 259
27619 (Skin). St. Paul, Kodiak, July 11, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28010 (Eggs). St. Paul, Kodiak, July 13, 1880. DaU & Bean.
27221. Bering Strait, 1880. D. S. Jordan.
27687 (Skin). "Northern Alaska," 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper.
27688 (Skin). "Northern Alaska," 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper.
27689 ^ (Skin). "Northern Alaska," 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper.
27702 (Skin). "Northern Alaska," 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper.
27703 (Skin). "Northern Alaska," 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper,
27704 (Skiu). "Northern Alaska," 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper.
101. Oncorhynchus nerka (Walb.) Gill & Jordan.
Columbia Eiver and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert).
27635 (Skin). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 27, 1880. T. H. Bean.
27636 (Skin). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 30, 1880. T. H. Bean.
102. Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walb.) Jordan & Gilbert.
San Francisco, Columbia Eiver, and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert).
?28042 (Juv.). Near Hot Springs, Baranoff Island, June 5, 1880. E. P. Herendecn.
27927 (Juv.). Sitka. L. A. Beardslee.
28018 (Juv. ). Old Sitka, June 2, 1880. T. H. Bean.
28056 (Juv.). Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27928 (Juv.). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean.
? 27959 (Juv.). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27929 (Juv.). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27712 ^ . Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 12, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27721 S (Skin). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 12, 1880. T. H. Bean.
28032 <? (Cieca). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 12, 1880. T. H. Bean.
27720 ^ (Skiu). Nateekiu Bay, Unalashka, October 8, 1880. T. H. Bean.
27722 9 (Skin). Nateekiu Bay, Uualashka, October 8, 1880. T. H. Bean.
27723 (? . Nateekiu Bay, Unalashka, October 8, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28036 (Ca}ca). Nateekiu Bay, Uualashka, October 8, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27719 $ (Skiu). Chernoftsky, Unalashka, October 1, 1880. E. P. Herendeen.
27953 (Juv.). Chernoffsky, Unalashka, October 1, 1880. Dall & Bean.
? 23983 (Juv.). Uualashka. W. H. Dall.
103. Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walb.) Gill & Jordan.
De Castries Bay (Steindacbner, as 0. proteus) ; Plover Bay, Siberia
(Bean); San Francisco, Columbia Eiver, and Puget Sound (Jordan &
Gilbert).
27743 ^ & 9 • Refuge Cove, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27715 ^ (Skin). St. Paul, Kodiak, July 11, 1880. T. H. Bean.
27744 9 . St. Paul, Kodiak, July 11, 1880. Dall & Bean.
ALEPIDOSAUEID^.
104. Alepidosaurus ferox Lowe.
? 24052. Unalashka (bad state). W. H. Dall.
27705 (Skin). Iliuliuk, Uualashka, October 7, 1880. Robert King.
105. Alepidosaurus borealis Gill.
Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert).
23971. Captain's Harbor, Unalashka. Geo. Davidson.
260 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
CLUPEID^.
106. Clupea mirabilis Girard.
Kamtchatka (Pallas, as G. harengus); San Diego to Puget Sound
(Jordan & Gilbert).
27948. Sitka, July, 1879. L. A. Beardslee.
27978. Sitka, May, 1880. L. A. Beardslee.
27977. Old Sitka, June 10, 1880. Dall &. Bean.
27979. Port Altliorp, June 19, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27949. Port Mulgrave, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean,
27923. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, June 30, 1880. E. P. Herendeen.
27984. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. E. P. Herendeen.
27566. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. W. H. Dall.
27524. Uiuliuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27718. Uiuliuk, Unalashka, August 1, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27717, Uiuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. S. Bailey,
24021. Unalashka, W. H. Dall.
20863. St. Michael's, June 10, 1877. L. M. Turner.
20864. St. Michael's, June 10, 1877. L. M, Turner.
28019. Port Clarence, September 8, 1880. Dall & Bean.
24049. Alaska ? W. H. Dall,
107. Spratelloides bryoporus Cope,
Alaska (Cope).
CATASTOMID^.
108. Catostomus longirostris Le Sueur,
Eulato, Yukon Eiver (Dall).
MASTACEMBBLID^ ?
109. Ptilichthys Goodei Bean.
26619 (Type). Uiuliuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880, Dall & Bean. ^
ACIPENSEEIDJ3.
110. Acipenser medirostris Ayres.
San Francisco and Columbia River (Jordan & Gilbert).
27697 (202). ''Northern Alaska", 1880, Capt. C. L. Hooper.
If this specimen is really Alaskan, it is the first of its kind from that
Territory.
CHIM^RID^.
111. Chimaera CoUiei Bennett.
Monterey Bay, San Francisco, and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert);
Esquimault Harbor (Giinther).
24041. Alaska,
24171 ^ , Alexander Archipelago, July, 1879, Dr, Robert White.
EAIID^.
112. Raia binoculata Girard.
Monterey Bay, San Francisco, and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert).
27667 5 (Jaws). Sitka, June 2, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27668 5 (Jaws). Sitka, June 3, 1880. Dall & Bean.
PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 261
27669 (Jaws). Port Altliorp, June 20, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27629 <? (Jaws). St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27630 $ (Jaws). St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27672 S . St. Paul, Kodiak, July 23, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher,
113. Raia parmifera Bean.
24037 (Jaws and skull). Unalashka. W, H. Dall.
27651 9 (Type). Uiuliuk, Unalashka, October 12, 1880. Dall & Bean.
28098 <? (Jaws, claspers, &c,). St. Michael's, 1876. L. M. Turner.
114. Raia batis Pallas (not Linnaius).
Aleutians, Kuriles, Kamtchatka (Pallas).
SPINACID^.
115. Squalus acanthias Linn.
Santa Barbara, Monterey Bay, San Francisco, and Puget Sound
(Jordan & Gilbert).
6756 (Juv.). Sitka. F. Bischoff.
27663 ^ . Sitka Bay, June 9, 1880. S. Bailey.
28048 (Jaws). Sitka Bay, June 9, 1880. S. Bailey.
28049 (Jaws). Port Altliorp, Juno 20, 1880. T. H. Bean.
27616. Off Marmot Island, July 8, 1880. Dall & Bean.
PETROMYZONTID^.
116. Ammoccetes aureus Bean.
21524 (Type). Anvik, Yukon River, 1877. L, M. Turner.
124045 (Juv.). Fort Yukon, 1877. L. M. Turner.
APPENDIX.
Most of the si)ecies named in this appendix are known to occur in
waters bordering upon the limits of Ahiska, and will doubtless be found
by future investigators. To these are added certain others, described by
Pallas, Tilesius, and Cuvier and Valenciennes, concerning which little is
known, but which may yet tiill into the hands of collectors in the region
under discussion and become established elements of the Alaskan fauna.
GASTEROSTBID^.
1. Gasterosteus aculeatus L. var. gymnurus Cuv.
Kamtchatka (Pallas, as GnsteracanfJius aculeatus).
PLEUEONECTID.E.
2. Pleuronectes pinnifasciatus Steind. (De Castries Bay.)
3. Pleuronectes Pallasii Steind. (Kamtchatka.)
4. Parophrys vetxilus Girard. (Puget Sound. Jordan & Gilbert.)
5. Parophrys ischyurus Jordan & Gilbert. (Puget Sound.)
6. Pleuronichthys ccenosus Gixard. (Puget Sound. Jordan & Gilbert.)
7. Hippoglossoides Jordani Lockiugton. (Puget Sound. Jordan & Gilbert.)
8. Hippoglossoides exiUs Jordan & Gilbert. (Puget Sound.)
GADID^.
9. Gadus navaga Kolreuter. (De Castries Bay. Steindachner. )
10. Merlucius productus (Ayres) Gill. (De Castries Bay. Steindachner, as Boreogadus
jjroducius.)
COXGEOGADID^.
11. Scytaliua cerdale Jordan & Gilbert. (Puget Sound.)
LYCODID^.
12. Gyinnelis(?) stigma (Bennett) Gthr. (Kotzebue Soimd. Lay &, Bennett.)
13. Zoarces elongatus Kner. (De Castries Bay.)
STICH^ID^.
14. Stichaeus hexagrammus var. Kner. (De Castries Bay.)
15. Stichaeus enneagrammus Kner. (De Castries Bay.)
16. Stichaeopsis nana Kner. (De Castries Bay.)
^ 262
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 263
XIPHISTEPvID^.
17. Anoplarchus alectrolophus (Pallas) Jordan & Gilbert. (Talek Island, Gulf
of Penshiu. Pallas, as JJlennius aJectorolophus.)
18. Xiphister mucosus (Girard) Jordan. (Puget Sound. Jordan & Gilbert.)
19. Apodichthys flavidus Girard. (Vancouver Island. Giinther.)
20. Apodichthys fucorum Jordan & Gilbert. (Puget Sound.)
21. Muraenoides quinquemaculatu8(Kner.). (De Castries Bay. Kner, as Cewfro««-
tas qtdnqucmaculatus).
22. Muraenoides fasciatus (Bl. Scbn.) Gill. (Amur River. Steindachner, as Ccn-
tronvUis fasciatus.)
23. Muraenoides taenia (Pall.). (Kuriles. Pallas, as Blennius tcenia.)
24. Astemopteryx apus (C. «fe V.). (Kamtchatka. Tilesiua.)
Ophidium occllatum. Tilesius_/((ie Giinther.
Blennius fjunnellus Pallas fide Giinther.
ANAEEHICHADID^.
25. Anarrhichas orientalis Pallas. (Kamtchatka.)
26. Anarrhichthys ocellatus Ayres. (Puget Sound. Jordan & Gilbert.)
BLEXNIID^.
27. Blennius (?) polyactocephalus Pallas. (Kamtchatka.)
Perhaps a species of Careloplivs.
28. Gunnellops roseus (Pallas). (Kuriles. Pallas, as Blennius roseun.)
BATRACHID^.
29. Porichthys porosissimus (C. & V.) Gunthec (Puget Sound, Jordan & Gil-
bert.)
GOBIESOCID^ ? fide Giinther.
30. Cyclopterus (?) Stelleri Pallas. (Kamtchatka.)
31. Cyclopterus (?) ventricosus Pallas. (Kamtchatka.)
LIPAEIDID^.
32. Careproctus gelatinosus (Pallas) Gill. (Kamtchatka. Pallas.)
AGONID^.
33. Aspidophoroides inermis Giinther. (Vancouver Island.)
34. Agonus (?) Btegophthalmus Tilesius. (Kuriles.)
35. Agonus (?) laevigatus Tilesius. (Sagalien Island.)
36. Brachyopsis dodecaedrus (Tiles). (Kamtchatka. Tilesius, as Agonus-dodC'
Icaedrus. )
264 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
37. Brachyopsis rostratus (Tiles.) Gill. (Kamtchatka. Tilesius, as Agonm ros-
tratus. )
Kamtchatka jind Kuriles (Pallas, as Phalangistes fusiformis.)
14936. Kamtchatka. Gordon Priuce.
38. Bothragonus Swanii (Stoind.) Gill. (Puget Sound. Steind., as Rypsagonus
Swanl.)
39. Hypsagonus quadricornis (C. & V.) Gill. (Kamtchatka. C. &Y., asAspido-
phorus quadricornis.)
14937. Kamtchatka. Gordon Prince.
COTTID^.
40. Ascelichthys rhodorus Jordan & Gilbert.
Paget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert).
15030. Victoria. Dall & Brown.
41. Cottus quadricornis Pallas ( ? not of Linnaeus). Kamtchatka.
42. Cottus mertensii C. & V. Kamtchatka.
43. Cottus jaok C. &. V. Kamtchatka.
44. Cottus Brandti Steind. (Amur River.)
45. Cottus decastrensis Kner. (Dc Castries Bay.)
46. Cottus verrucosus Bean.
27547 (Type). Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. Dall & Bean.
47. Cottus axillaris (Gill.) Bean.
Borcocoitus axillaris Gill.
24027 (Type). Avatcha Bay, Kamtchatka.
48. Gyninacant^us claviger (C. & V.). (Kamtchatka. C. & V., as Cottus elaviger.)
49. Porocottus tentaculatus (Kner).
50. Porocottus quadrifilis Gill.
6227 (Type). Avatcha Bay, Kamtchatka. Wm. Stimpson.
27537. Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall «fc Bean.
51. Megalocottus platycephalus (Pallas) Gill.
Kamtchatka & America — (Pallas, as Cottus platycephalus.)
52. Icelus hamatus Kroyer.
27540 (Juv.). Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall & Bean.
27551 (Juv.). Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall & Bean.
53. Artedius lateralis Girard. (Puget Sound. Jordan & Gilbert. )
54. Artedius pugettensis Steind. (Puget Sound. Steind. & Jor. «&. Gilb. )
55. Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Girard. (Puget Sound. Jor. «fe Gilb.)
SCOEP^NID^.
56. Sebastichthys nigrocinctus (Ayres) Gill.
Puget Sound (Jordan «& Gilbert) ; Vancouver Island (Gill).
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 265
57. Sebastichthys nebulosus (Ayres) Gill.
Puget Souud (Jordan & Gilbert) ; Vancouver Island (Gill).
58. Sebastichthys auriculatus (Girard) Gill- (Vancouver Island. Gill.)
59. Sebastichthys pinniger (Gill. )Lockington. (Puget Sound. Jordan & Gilbert. )
60. Sebastichthys mystiiius Jordan & Gilbert. (Puget Sound.)
FAMILY UNKNOWN.
61. Ammodytes (?) septipinnis Pallas. America.
EMBIOTOCID^.
62. Damalichthys argyrosomus (Girard) Jor. & Gilb.
Paget Sound (Jor. &. Gilb.); Vancouver Island (Gill).
63. Ditrema Jacksoni (Agassiz) Gthr. (Puget Sound. Jor. & Gilb.)
64. Ditrema laterale (Agassiz) Gthr. (Vancouver Island. GUnther.)
65. Ditrema brevipinne Giintber. Vancouver Island.
66. Micrometrus aggregatus Gibbons.
Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.) ; Vancouver Island (Giintlier).
67. Micrometrus frenatus (Gill.) Jordan & Gilbert.
Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.) ; Vancouver Island (Gill).
STEOMATEIDiE.
68. Stromateus simillimus (Ayres) Gill. (Puget Sound. Jordan & Gilbert.)
PERCID^.
69. Stizostedium vitreum (Mitcb.) Jordan & Copeland.
8469. North Red River. R. Kennicott.
8970. Athabasca Lake. R. Kennicott.
TRACHYPTERID^.
70. Trachypterus altivelis ? Kner. (Puget Sound.)
SCOPELID^.
71. Myctophum crenulare Jordan & Gilbert.
Santa Barbara (Jor. & Gilb.).
23945. N. Lat. 49°, W. Long. 151°, September 15, 1871. W. H. Dall.
MICROSTOMID^.
72. Osmerus attenuatus Lockington.
San Francisco (Jordan & Gilbert).
21587. Washington Territory. James G. Swan.
266 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
COEEGONID^.
73. Coregonus Artedi (Le S.) Hoy.
Great Lake Region and Upper Mississippi Yalley to Alaska (Jordan).
I have seen no specimens of this species from Alaska. G. laurettw
resembles it but is quite distinct.
74. Coregonus microstomus (Pallas). (Kamtchatka, &c.)
75. Steuodus Mackenzii Eicliardsou.
Mackenzie Eiver with its tributaries (Kich.).
7262 (Skin). Fort Resolution, May 7. R. Kennicott.
76. Thymallus vulgaris {fide Glintlier).
Salmo thymallus Pallas (part). (Kamtchatka.)
77. Thymallus mertensii C. & V. (Kamtchatka.)
SALMONID^.
78. Salmo curilus Pallas. Kurile Islands.
79. Salmo leucomaenis Pallas, {'f Salvelinus malma [Walb.] Jor, Sc Gilb.)
Kamtchatka and northward (Pallas).
80. Salmo leevigatus Pallas. Kurile Islands.
Salmo lagocephalus, sanguinolentus, japojiensis, lycaodon, proteus, and
orientalis of Pallas may doubtless all be reduced to the five species ot
Oncorhynchus now recognized from the Alaskan coast.
PARALEPIDID^.
81. Paralepis coruscans Jordan & Gilbert. (Puget Sound.)
ENGEAULIDID^.
82. Stolephorus ringens (Jenyns) Jordan & Gilbert.
Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.); Yancouver Island (Gill).
NEMICHTHYID^.
83. Nemichthys avocetta Jordan & Gilbert. (Puget Sound.)
CONGRID^.
84. Conger sp. (=jl/'Hra?na coH^er Pallas). (Kamtchatka.)
ACIPENSERID^.
85. Acipenser transmontanus Richardson. (Puget Sound. Jor. & Gilb.)
EAIID^.
86. Raia rhina Jordan & Gilbert. (Puget Sound.)
87. Raia fullonica Pallas (not Linn.). (Kamtchatka and Kuriles.)
88. Raia mucosa Pallas. (Kamtchatka.)
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 267
NOTIDANID^.
89. Hexanchus corinus Jordan & Gilbert. (Puget Sound.)
CETORHINID.E.
90. Cetorhinus maximus (L.) Blaiuville. (Monterey Bay, Jor. & Gilb.)
GALEOEHINID^.
91. Sqiialus carcharias Pallas. (Kamtcbatka.) 1 {=^ Eulamia lamia [Eisso] Gill.)
Sau Diego (Jordan & Gilbert).
92. Galeorhinus galeus (L.) Blainville.
San Diego to San Francisco (Jordan & Gilbert).
93. Boreogaleus arcticus (Faber) Gill. (Arctic Seas. Giinther.)
94. Carcharinus glaupus (L.) Blainville. (Puget Sound. Jordan »St Gilbert.)
SCYMNID^E.
95. Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch) Gill. (Puget Sound. Jordan & Gilbert.)
PETROMYZONTID^.
96. Petromyzon lampetra Pallas {z= Pclromijzon marinns 1j. fide Giinther).
Okhotsk Sea (Pallas).
97. Entosphenus tridentatus (Richardson) Gill. (Columbia River. Jor. & Gilb.)
98. Ammocoetes plumbeus (Ayres) Jor. & Gilb. (Puget Sound. Jor. & Gilb.)
99. AmmoccEtes lumbriCcilis (Pallas). {^= Petromyzon branchialis L. fide Gth.)
Jenesei River and streams of Kamtchatka (Pallas).
SPECIES NOT YET FOUI^D ELSEWHERE THAN IN ALASKA.
(The numbers prefixed refer to my catalogue.)
8. Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus.
31. Muraenoides maxillaris.
32. Anarrhichas lep turns.
45. Cottus niger.
46. Cottus humilis.
49. Uranidea microstoma.
50. Gymnacanthus galeatus.
55. Melletes papilio.
69. Sebastichthys ciliatus.
70. Hexagrammus ordinatus.
268 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
73. Hexagrammus scaber.
75. Pleurogrammus monopterygiuB.
79. Ammodytes alascanus.
80. Dallia pectoralis. *
89. Coregonus laurettae.
107. Spratelloides bryoporus.
109. Ptilichthys Goodei.
113. Raia parmifera.
116. Ammoccetes aureus.
FEESH-WATER FISHES COMMON TO ALASKA AND EASTERN
NORTH AMERICA.
19. Lota maculosa.
81. Esox lucius.
73 (App.). Coregonus artedi. (Great Lakes.)
91. Coregonus clupeiformis. (Great Lakes.)
93. Coregonus quadrilateralis. (New Hampshire.)
95. Salvelinus malma. (New York, introduced from California.)
98. Salmo irideus. (Introduced from California.)
99. Oncorhynchus chouicha. (Introduced from California.)
108. Catostomus longirostris. (Vermont.)
FISHES FOUND IN THE ARCTIC AND ALSO IN THE PACIFIC,
SOUTH OF BERING STRAIT.
15. Boreogadus saida.
20. Gymnelis viridis.
23. Stichaeus punctatus.
22 (App.). Muraenoides fasciatus.
35. Eumicrotremus spinosus.
50. Gymnacantlius pistilliger.
52 (App.). Tcelus hamatus.
59. Triglops Pingelii.
78. Ammodytes americanus.
85. Mallotus villosus. <
95 (App.). Somniosus microcephalua
■ PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 269
SPECIES FOUND m THE PACIFIC, SOUTH OF BEEFNG
STRAIT, AND ALSO IN THE ATLANTIC.
3. Gasterosteus pungitius siibsp. brachypoda. ^
12. Hippoglossus vulgaris.
16. Gadus morrhua.
20. Gymnelis viridis.
23. Stichaeus punctatus.
35. Eumicrotremus spinosus.
50. Gymnacanthus pistilliger.
52 (App.). Icelus hamatus. (N. lat. 58°. Collett.)
59. Triglops Pingelii.
64. Hemitripterus americanus.
78. Ammodytes americanus.
85. Mallotus villosus.
104. Alepidosaurus ferox.
115. Squalus acanthias.
95 (App.). Somniosus microcephalus.
ALASKAN SPECIES OCCUREING SOUTH TO SAN FRANCISCO
OR BEYOND.
5. Pleuronectes stellatus Pall.
9. Lepidopsetta bilineata.
12. Hippoglossus vulgaris Flem.
13. Atheresthes stomias Jor. & Gilb.
14. PoUachius chalcogrammus (Pall. ) Jor. & Gilb.
17. Microgadus proximus (Grd.) Gill.
53. Hemilepidotus trachurus (Pall.) Gthr.
65. Sebastichthys maliger Jor. & Gilb.
67. Sebastichthys ruber (Ayres) Lock.
68. Sebastichthys melanops (Grd.) Jor. & Gilb.
72. Hexagrammus superciliosus (Pall. ) Jor. & Gilb.
74. Hexagrammus decagrammus (Pall.) Jor. & Gilb.
76. Ophiodon elongatus Grd.
77. Anoplopoma fimbria (Pall.) Gill.
78. Ammodytes americanus DeKay.
270 PKOCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
87. Hypomesus pretiosus (Grd.) Gill.
95. Salvelinus malma (Walb.) Jor. &, Gilb.
96. Salmo purpuratus Pall.
97. Salmo Gairdneri Ricli.
98. Salmo irideus Gibbons.
99. Oncorhynchus chouicha (Walb.) Jor. & GUb.
100. Oncorhynchus keta (Walb.) Gill & Jor.
102. Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walb.) Jor. & Gilb.
103. Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walb.) Gill & Jor
106. Clupea mirabilis Grd.
110. Acipenser medirostris Ayres.
ALASKAN SPECIES OCCURRING SOUTH TO COLUMBIA
RIVER.
88. Thaleichthys pacificus (Rich.) Grd.
101. Oncorhynchus nerka (Walb.) Gill & Jor.
ALASKAN SPECIES OCCURRING AS FAR SOUTH AS PUGET
SOUND.
11. Hippoglossoides elassodon Jor. & Gilb.
16. Gadus morrhua L.
44. Cottus polyacanthocephalus Pall.
66. Sebastichthys caurinus (Rich.) Jor. & Gilb.
70. Hexagrammus asper Steller. {Lahrax Hexagrammus Fall.)
33. Bathymaster signatus Cope.
SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF ALASKAN FISHES.
+3 fS
902
Oasterosteus cataphractus
G aster osteus microccphalus
Oasterosteus pungitius subsp. brachypoda .
Aulorhynchus Jlavidus
Pleuronectes stellatus
Pleuronectes glacialis
Pleuronectes Franklinii
Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus
Lepidopsetta bilineata
Limanda aspera
Hippoglossoides elassodon
Hippoglossus vulgaris
Atheresthcs stomias
Pollachius chalcogrammus
+
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 271
Synopsis of the distribution of Alaskan fishes — Continued.
Boreogadus saida
Oadus morrhua
Microgadus proximus
Tilesia gracilis
Lota maculosa
Gymnelis viridis
Ly codes Turnerii
Lycodes coccineus
Stichceus punctatus
Stichceus (?) Bothrockii
Lumperms anguillaris
Xiphister rupestris
Xiphister chirus
Anoplarchus atropurpureus
Murcenoides dolichogaster
Muroenoides ornatus
Murcenoides maxillaris
Anarrhichas lepturus
Sathymaster signatus
Trichodon stelleri
Eumierotremus spinosus
lAparis pulchellus
Liparis calliodon
Liparis cyclopus
Liparis gibbus
Sipkagonus barbatus
Podothecus acipenserinus
Podothecus trispinosus
Cottus tceniopterus
Coitus polyacanthocephalus
Cottus niger
Cottus hiimilis
Aspidocottxis bison
Ceratocottus diceraus
Uranidea microstoma
Oymnaeanthus pistilliger
Oymnacanthus galeatus
Artedius notospilotus
Hemilepidotus trachurus
Hemilepidotus Jordani
Melletes papilio
Leptocottus armatus
Oligocottiis maculosus
Oligocottus globiceps
Triglops Pingelii
Blepnias cirrhosus
Plepsias bilobus
Nautichthys oculofasdatus
Phamphocottus Pickardsoni
Hemitriptcrus americanus
Sebastichthys maliger
Sebastichthys caurinus
Sebastichthys ruber
Sebastichthys melanops
Sebastichthys ciliatus
Hezagrammus asper
Hexagrammus ordinatus
Hexagrammus superciliosus
Hexagrammus scaber ..
Hexagrammus decagrammus . . .
Pleiirogrammus monopterygius .
Ophiodon elongatus
Anoplopoma fimbria
Ammodytes americanus
Ammodytes alascanus
Psychrolutes paradoxus
Esox lucius
Dallia pectoralis
Osmerus dentex
Osmerus spirinchiis
Ulallotus i-illosus
Hypomesus olidus
Hypomesus pretiosus
Thaleichthys pacificus
Co regonus laureitoe
+
+ (?)
+
+ (?)
+
+ (?)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
272 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Synopsis of the distribution of Alaskan fishes — Continued.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
52
95
Goregonus MercHi var
Coregonus chipeiformise
Goregonus Kennicottii
Goregonvs quadrilateralis
Thymallus signifer
Saivelinus malma
Salmo purpuratus
Salmo Gairdneri
Salmo irideus
Oncorhynchus chouicha
Oncorhynchus kcta
Oncorhynchus nerka
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
A Icpidosaurusfcrox
Alepidosaurus borealis
Olupea mirdbilis
Spratelloides bryoporus
Catostomtis longirostris
Plilichthys Goodei
Acipenser medirostris
Chimcera Golliei
JRaia binoculata
Baia parmifera
Saia batis Pallas
Squalus acanthias
Ammottes aureus
(App.). Icelus hamatus
(App.). Somniosus microcephalus .
+
IMETMODS OF IHAKIIVC} AIVD PRESERVSNG PLrASTER CASTS.
By ANTHONY PIRZ.
Long Island City, N. Y.,
October 28, 1881.
Dear Sir : In using the method of preserving plaster casts with baryta
water and soap as given some time ago, it happens that larger pieces
remain damp a long time (years) and yellow iron spots readily appear on
the plaster. V. Decheud, in Bonn, recommends brushing the casts with
a hot saturated solution of borax twice, and larger pieces five to six
times. Then apply twice a saturated and hot solution of chloride of
baryta, and finally a hot solution of soap ; the superfluous soap solution
is to be washed off with hot water, and lastly with cold water. The
whole treatment occupies but a few hours.
W. Eeisig, in Darmstad, recommends covering the plaster casts with
a solution of India rubber in benzole, or petroleum ether, or bisulphide
of carbon. The casts so treated can be washed.
R. Jacobsen's plan to make plaster casts stand the washing is:
to saturate the casts hot with a solution of a most neutral soap from
soda lye and stearic acid in 10 parts of boiling water.
I. W. Platonoff, in Moscow, prepares a mass for casts as follows:
tate 50 parts glue, 35 parts wax, and 15 parts glycerine, with 30 per
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 273
cent, zinc oxide. It becomes as hard as horn. A softer mass consists
of 50 parts glue, 25 parts wax, and 25 parts glycerine. To prepare the
mass, dissolve the glue in warm glycerine, then add the wax, and lastly
the metal oxide.
R. Martin, in Sonneberg, mixes 20 to 100 parts zinc oxide with 5 to
10 parts tartaric acid or calcined alum and 100 parts starch (finely
powdered), and the required quantity of water to form the casts. If
these articles are at a temperature below 15^ Celsius and are poured
in warm molds, the cast becomes brittle, but is at once made plastic by
being placed in a water-bath of 50°. Then give the casts a surface
which permits washing by collodion, which is mixed with a solution
of wax in ether.
My method of preparing caustic baryta is: Take carbonate baryta,
pulverize and mix with charcoal, inxt in a crucible well ? luted and ex-
pose in a white lire. Then leach with boiled water and let crystallize.
As the caustic baryta so greedily absorbs the carbonic acid from the
air, I give this simi)le cheap method, so that your department can often
make the caustic baryta new, when the old has turned into carbonate
baryta.
I have written these various methods and you can select what pleases
you.
I shall be under great obligations to you, if you will send me the sur-
vey and publication when ready.
I remain, dear sir, yours very truly,
ANTHONY PIRZ.
Hon. Spencer F. Bated,
Secretary Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.
JLIST OF FIJ^HEJ^ COI.I^ECTEI> BV I.IEUT. HENRV E. NICHOLS, U.
8. N., I!V THE Gri.F OF CALIFORNIA AND OIV THE WEST COAST
OF LOUVER CALIFORNIA. WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FOLR NEW^
SPECIES.
By DAVID S. JORDAi\ and CHARLES H. OILBERT.
The specimens of fishes collected by Lieut. Henry E. Nichols, com-
mandant of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Steamer Has-
sler, in his voyage along the coast of Mexico and Central America, have
been already noticed by us on page 225 of the present volume of the
Proceedings of the United States National Museum. On the north-
ward voyage of the Hassler (January-March, 1881), Lieutenant Nichols
made another collection, also of much importance. A list of the species
obtained, with their numbers as recorded in the register of the museum,
is given below.
It will be noticed that all the species obtained from the west coast of
Lower California belong to the Californian fauna, while nearly all of
those obtained within the Gulf are members of the tropical fauna of the
west coast of Mexico. It is a fact worthy of note that very few of the
Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 18 Jan. 20, 1 882.
274 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
fishes found along the soutliern coast of California extend their range
as far southward as Ca])o San Lucas or Mazatlan. Only about ten
species of shore fishes are known to occur both at San Diego and Mazat-
lan. In the region between San Diego and Magdalena Bay, the Califoi'-
nian ftuma and its characteristic species almost wholly disappear, giving
place gradually to the tropical fauna of the west coast of Mexico, Even
the Labridw, Pomacentrida', and Sckmidce of Oalitbrnia do not extend
southward to Mazatlan.
A. — Species pkom the Gulf of California.
20,377. Serranus radial i.s (Quoy & Gaini.) J. & G. Punta San Ignacio,
Mexico.
29,388. Mugil mexicamis Steiud. Same locality.
29,353, 29,383, 29,373. Tetrodon poUtus Ayres. Same locality.
29,362. Ci/noscion parvipinne Ayres. Guaymas, Mexico.
29,386. Pomadasys linornatus (Gill) J. &, G. Guaymas, Mexico.
This specimen has 58 scales in a longitudinal series, the dorsal and
anal fins almost naked, the anal rays III, 11, and the snout rather long,
more than one-third length of head. It differs in all these respects
fiom the description of PHsUpoma hrevipimie Steiudachner = ? Micro-
lepidotus inornatus Gill.
29.355. Gerrcs calif ornienHis (Gill) J. & G. Guaymas, Mexico.
29,800. Gerres gracilis (Gill) J. & G. Guaymas, Mexico.
29,357. Semirhamphus unifasciatus Eanzani. Guaymas, Mexico.
29.356. Mugil hrasiliensis Agass. Guaymas, Mexico.
29,368. Porichthys porosissimus (C. & V.) Gthr. Gulf of California
(dredged in 15 fathoms).
29,385. Cynoscion othonopterwn sp. nov. Punta San Felipe, Mexico.
Description. — Body rather elongate, the back somewhat elevated, the
profile from tip of snout to front of dorsal nearlj^ straight; caudal
peduncle rather long and slender, its depth 4 in head. Head long and
pointed, compressed, not regularly conical. Mouth large, the lower jaw
projecting; maxillary broad, reaching to or a little beyond posterior
margin of orbit; xiremaxillaries in front on the level of lower part of
pupil; length of gape 2J in head. Teeth in upper jaw in a moderate
band, which becomes narrower laterally; upper jaw with two small
canines, their length scarcely one fourth diameter of jmpil ; some of the
other anterior teeth enlarged, and larger than the lateral teeth. Teeth
in lower jaw in a narrow band in front, in a single series laterally; the
lateral teeth much larger than the anterior. Eye moderate, broader
than preorbital, narrower than maxillary; its diameter 6§ in head, a
little more than half interorbital space. Preopercle with its mem-
branaceous border broad, and covered with small scales. Gill-rakers
long and strong, nearly as long as eye. Scales small, all with con-
spicuous membranaceous edges. All the fins excepting spinous dorsal
completely covered with small scales, the bases of the fins thickened by
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 275
them ; a few scales on front of spinous dorsal. Lateral line considerably
curved anteriorly, becoming straight at a point in front of the vent, near
the origin of the soft dorsal. Dorsal spines comparatively long and
strong, little flexible j the third spine slightly longer than the second,
2f in length of head 5 first spine short and slender, about ^ length of
second. Dorsals not connected; second dorsal rather high, its longest
rays SJ in head. Caudal fin large, Innate, the outer rays about ^ longer
than the middle rays, which are 2^ in head. (In C. squaniqnnnc the
caudal fin is rhombic, having the middle rays produced, much longer
than the outer rays.) Anal large, as long as high, its distal margin
perfectly straight; its longest rays about one-third length of head.
Anal spines small, enveloped in the scaly skin, the second about ^ height
of first soft ray. Anal fin terminating considerably in front of dorsal.
Ventrals long, not reaching quite half way to vent, their length about
half that of head. Pectorals broad, rather long, reaching a little
beyond tips of ventrals, and contained If in length of head. Head S^o in
length; depth 1. D. IX-I, 23; A. 11, 10; Lat. 1. 66 (pores 60).
Slaty bluish above, silvery below, with bright reflections; body and
fins everywhere with dark punctulations ; tip of chin dark; fins yellow-
ish, the upper all with dark edging; i^ectorals blackish on the posterior
side; the axil and the large axillary scale dusky; lower jaw bright
silvery; lining of opercle dark; peritoneum pale.
A single large specimen, 23 inches long, was taken at Punta. San
Felipe, Mexico. Lieutenant Mchols notes that it is very abundant in
that locality.
This species agrees with C. squamijnnne, and difl'ers from all other
known species of the genus in the complete squamation of the fins.
29,366. 8toIej)horus opercularls sp. uov. Punta San Felipe.
Allied to aS'. macrolepidotus (Kner & Steindachner).
Body elliptical, rather short and deep, compressed, but not very
strongly so, more elongate than in 8. macrolepidotus ; dorsal outline
evenly curved ; belly compressed, not trenchant. Apparently not trans-
lucent in life.
Head large, compressed, the snout bluntish, overlapping the lower
jaw, the tip of which is just in front of the eye ; maxillary comi)ara-
tively short and slender, not extending backward to mandibulary joint
or to margin of preopercle. Maxillary with extremely fine, hardly i)er-
ceptible teeth ; mandible toothless.
Cheeks forming a triangular area, the apex downward and backward,
the triangle lower and much broader than usual, the base (at the eye)
being four-fifths the length of the other sides. Eye moderate, If in
length of cheeks, much longer than snout, 4 in head. Anterior ridge
of preopercle prominent, the posterior membranaceous edge little con-
spicuous. Opercular region unusually long ; distance from ridge of pre-
opercle at lower posterior angle of cheeks backward to gill-oi)ening
276 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
equal to distance from same point forward to middle of eye. Length of
opercle, from anterior ridge of preopercle, three-fourths its greatest
height.
Insertion of dorsal midway between base of caudal and mftldle of eye
[caudal and dorsal fins nearly destroyed in type] ; anal comparatively
short and posterior, its insertion midway between gill-opening and base
of caudal, its rays between 20 and 24 in number [two or three of the
posterior rays destroyed by a string which has been tied around the
tail in the type specimen]. Anal fin with a large scaly sheath. Ven-
trals small, inserted midway between base of caudal and front of eye.
Pectorals short, not reaching veutrals.
Scales large, rather adherent [those on anterior part of body lost] j
about 8 in a vertical series from last ray of dorsal to anal.
Head 3 in length ; depth, 4. Anal rays about 23.
Color, bluish above ; middle line of back dark ; sides and below bright
silvery, the cheeks and opercles especially so ', no trace of lateral silvery
stripe.
The type of this species, 5 inches in length, was taken from the stom-
ach of a specimen of Cynoscion othonopterum at Punta San Felipe, Mex-
ico. It has suffered somewhat from the digestive process, but the head
is in perfect ijreservation, and all points essential to the description can
be readily made out. This species seems to us most closely related,
among described species, to 8. macrolepidotus^ from which it diifers in
very many respects.
29,372. Caulolatilus princeps (Jenyns) Gill. Punta Santa Teresa (in
deep water).
29,370. Balistes polylepis Bteind. Same locality.
29,382. Opisthognathus rhomaJcus sp. nov. Santa Maria.
(Subgenus Gnathypops Gill; allied to Gnathypops papuensis Bleeker.)
Body rather robust, compressed ; head very large, ovoid, thicker and
deeper than body, with swollen cheeks, the occipital region high, the snout
somewhat truncate, the iutermediate profile forming a nearly even curve ;
greatest depth of head equal to its thickness and two-thirds its length.
Eye not very large, 6 in head, longer than snout, about equal to the width
of the flattivsh interorbital space.
Mouth large, the maxillary extending well beyond eye, but not to the
margin of the preopercle nor to the man dibulary joint, its posterior margin
truncate ; supplemental bone small, but distinct ; length of maxillary
from end of snout If in head. Teeth moderate, in both jaws, in broad
bands which become narrow on the sides ; outer series of teeth some-
what enlarged, especially in upper jaw ; one rather small, blunt tooth
on middle of vomer. Gill-membranes scarcely connected.
Head naked. Scales on body small, smooth, somewhat imbedded;
breast naked. Lateral line indistinct, ceasing opposite anterior third of
second dorsal ; 103 scales in a longitudinal series from head to caudal.
md
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 277
Dorsal flu high 5 a rather deep notch separating the spines from the
soft rays ; the longest spines 3 in length of head, more than half longer
than the last spine, and scarcely lower than the soft rays. Insertion
of dorsal opposite tip of the bony opercle, the opercular flap extending
to opposite the third spine. Caudal fin rounded, about half length of
head. Anal higher than soft dorsal, its longest rays 2^ in head. Yen-
trals large, close together, inserted in front of pectoral, 14 in head.
Pectorals short and broad, 14 in head.
Head 2^ in length to base of caudal ; greatest depth 4. Dorsal rays
XI, 13 ; A. II, 13. Lat. 1, 103.
Color in spirits, olivaceous, slightly brownish above, scarcely paler
below; everywhere more or less tinged and mottled with greenish.
Head everywhere thickly and closely covered with small rounded dark
brown spots, largest above and on cheeks, where they are about as large
as pin's heads; smaller on lips and opercles; most thickly set on the
anterior part of the head. Eye thickly spotted. Spots similar to those
on the head extending along upper part of back, forming a vague band,
which grows narrower backward and disappears opposite front of second
dorsal ; front side of pectoral and first three or four dorsal spines with
dark spots. Dorsal dusky oHve, with darker clouds, and with some dark
spots, especially on the spinous part. Caudal and anal plain dusky or
faintly marbled with paler; ventrals blackish, greenish at base; pectorals
dusky green.
The single specimen obtained (29,382) is IG inches in length, being
unusually large for a member of this genus. It w^as taken with a hook
in Santa Maria Cove, in Lower California.
29.358. Mugil hrasiliensis Ag. Mulege, L. Cal.
29.359. Murcenapinta J. & G. (MSS.) Amortajada Bay, San Josef Island.
29,384. Nematistius pectoralis Gill. Picheluogo, L. Cal.
29,380. Sparus hmchysofnus Lockington. Same locality.
29,378. Fistularia serrata Cuv. Same locality.
29,351. Balistes polylepis Steiud. Cape San Lucas.
29,354. OpJiichthys callisoma (Abbott) J. & G. Same locality.
This si^ecies is probably not identical with Ophichthys triserialis (Kaup)
Gthr.
B. — Species from the west coast of Lower California.
29,371. Umbrina roncador sp. nov. Pequeiia Bay.
Umhrina undulata Steindachner, Iclith. Beitriige, iii, 21, 1875, and Denk-
schrift. Math-Naturw. Kais. Acad. Gesell. Wien, xli, 1879, 3.5 (repriut);
not of Girard, whose type, examined by us, is a Meniiclrrus.
Umbrina xantijor. & Gilb., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1880, 456, and 1881, 48
(not of Gill).
Description. — Body moderately elongate, the back somewhat elevated,
the curve from the snout to the dorsal comparatively regular; the slope
behind front of dorsal also regular, but less steep. Head conical, blunt-
278 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
ish, the snout considerably protruding; mouth moderate, horizontal, the
maxillary extending to behind the pupil ; eye moderate, li in snout, 5^
in head ; preopercle with its bony margin finely serrate ; teeth in villi-
forra bands, the outer row moderately enlarged in the upper jaw. Gill-
rakers moderate, bluntish.
Spinous dorsal rather low, the fourth spine highest, about half the
length of the head. Soft dorsal long and low, its membranes scaly.
Caudal lunate, its upper lobe the longer. Anal small, the second spine
rather strong, 2§ in head. Pectorals short and small, not reaching half
way to vent and not nearly to tip of ventrals, their length two-thirds
that of head.
Air-bladder well developed ; pyloric cceca 8.
Head 3^ in length ; depth 3 J ; D.X-I, 27 ; A. II, 7.
Lat. 1. with tubes on about 55 scales ; about 60 scales in a longitudinal
series.
Color bright silvery, bluish above, with some brassy reflections ; sides
with narrow, distinct, undulating stripes of deep olive running from the
head and pectoral region upwards and backwards with some abrupt
curvatures to along the base of the dorsal, those below the lateral line
most undulated ; usually between each pair of bands are some small
olive spots, often forming regular series; no distinct vertical bars, faint
cross-shades rarely present ; cheeks clear white; lower fins yellow; up-
per fins and caudal plain clear brown; i^eritoneum and lining mem-
brane of opercles chiefly black.
This species is the '' Yellow-finned Roncador" of the California fisher-
men, and occurs in abundance along the coast of California from Santa
Barbara to San Diego. Its southernmost record is the present one from
Pequeiia Bay.
It was formerly erroneously, identified by us with the related species
JJinbrina xanti Gill (= Umbrina analis Giinther), which takes its place
to the southward (Cape San Lucas, Gill, to Tumbez, Peru, Steindachner.)
Specimens numbered 20,758, 26,849, and 26,864, distributed by the U.
S. Nat. Mus. in 1881, as Umhrlna xanti^ are all typical of Umhrina roncador.
(See Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1881, 11.)
Umbrina roncador closely resembles V. xanti, but is readily distin-
guished by the smaller scales (lat. 1. 45 to 50 in U. xanti), and by the
color, ZL xanti having broader and duller stripes, without the interme-
diate lines of dots. The peritoneum and lining of the opercle are paler
in U. xanti and the body is deeper and less gracefully formed.
29,370. Albula rulpes (L.) Goode. Pequena Bay.
29,388. Serranus nehnlifer (Grd.) Steind. Ascension Island.
29,375. Rarpe pulchra (Ayres) J. & G. Ascension Island.
29,369. Caulolatilus princeps (Jenyns) Gill. Ascension Island.
29,365. Scorpccna guttata Grd. Ascension Island.
29,381. Xenichtliys californiensis Steind. Cerros Island.
29,364, 29,352. Harpe pulchra (Ayres) J. & G. Guadalupe Island.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 279
29,370. Sehastodes auriculatus (Girard) J. & G. San Martiu Island.
29,361. Sehastodes serriceps J. & G. San Martin Island.
29,374. Hetci'ostichus rostratus Grd. San Martin Island.
29,360. Murwna mordax Ayres.
Indiana UNiVEESiTy, November 15, 1881.
OIV THE GENERA OF CHITONS.
BY \¥. H. DALL.
PALEOZOIC FORMS.
The long delay in preparing the illnstrations for the monograph of
the Ghitonidw by the late Dr. Philip P. Carpenter has been the occasion
of several calls from paleontologists for an abstract of the genera
adopted in his revision of the fossil species. In justice to Dr. Carpenter
it seems that the characteristics of the genera should be made i)ublic,
the material left by him on the Palaeozoic species being practically com-
plete and ready for printing. The JMesozoic and Tertiary chitons all
belong to groups represented by living species, hence the present ab-
stract relates solely to those of earlier date. The groups of recent
chitons, already reviewed by me in these Proceedings,* form the subject*
of the second more condensed abstract herewith.
The first fossil chiton was fonn<l by Defrance in 1802, in the Eocene,
and described by Lamarck as Chiton <j rig none its is. If was only in 1834
that a second species, C. antiqnns Conrad, was obtained, on this occasion
from the Alabama Tertiary.
The first palaeozoic chitons were found in the Carboniferous rocks of
Tournay, in 1830, but they were not described until 1839. Since then
numerous others have been brought together and described by various
authors, as well as a number of organic remains not belonging to the
CJnfonid(e which have wrongly been referred to the group. Dr. Car-
penter expended a large amount of time and moneys in examining
the typical specimens in American and European museums, making
several journeys for the purpose. His opinions, therefore, are entitled
to great weight. Some time before his death, at his request, we went
over the ground together, specimens and figures in hand, and the
opinion then formed that his work is worthy of great respect, and, so far
as facts are concerned, of entire confidence, has not been changed by
my subsequent studj' of his incomplete manuscrir)ts.
An excellent digest of the history of fossil chitons to date of publica-
tion was given by De Koninck in 1857,t which was translated for the
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, of August, 1860, by W. H.
Baily.
'*Vol. i, pp. 281-344, 1878.
tBull. Acad. Roy. des Sciences de Belgique, 1857.
280 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
The characters for the groups herein described are due to Dr. Car-
penter, and are given mostly in his own words. It will be observed
that the groups named by others are restricted by him, by elimination
of incongruous material included with the original types.
Helminthochiton Salter.
Melminthochiton Salter (pars) § 1, Proc. Geol. Soc, 1846, pp. 49, 51, 52, fig. 6 (^§ 2, 3, and
figs. 2, 3, exclus.).
Lorica leptoidea, elongata, regularis; mucro ischnoideus; valvte ter-
minales hand sinuatsej apophyses ? (iguotre).
HelmintliocMton may be described as a greatly lengthened chitonous
animal with the valves thin and angular, and perhaps without apophyses,
though the negative evidence is not sufficient to establish so remarkable a
departure from the type of the class in general. It differs from Gryplio-
chiton in having the terminal valves regular, not sinuate, and in having
a regular subcentral Ischnoid mucro instead of the Gri/phcca-like beak
characteristic of the second section. It may be regarded as a Leptoid
Ischnoplax with the valves thrown forward.
Species.
Helminthochiton Griffithi Salter, 1. c, pp. 51, 52, fig. 6. Silurian of Ireland. (Type.)
Helminthochiton 2yriscoides, CarYfenter. Devonian of Vilmar ; Schultze. (Mus. Comp.
Zoology.)
Gryphochiton (Gray) Carpenter.
Gryphochiton Gray (pars.), P. Z. S., 1847, p. 70; no diagnosis.
Lorica regularis elongata; laminse laterales null.T, suturales parvse,
a sinu simplici lato separatae ; mucro postice medianus, incurvatus ; regio
capitis et caudie valde sinuata. Type G. priscus Munster.
Gryphochiton resembles a Leptochiton greatly drawn out and with the
terminal valves more sinuated than has been observed in any recent
Chito7i.
Species,
Gryphochiton priscus Miiuster, Beitr. zur petr. kunde, 1, p. 38, fig. 4, 1839. Carbonifer-
ous of Tournay.
Gryphochiton mempiscus Ryckliolt, Bull. Acad. Roy. des Sci. de Bruxelles, 1845, p. 48,
no. 4, pi. 2, figs. 5, 6, 7, 8. Carboniferous of Tournay.
Gryphochiton triangulatum CaTpenter, Ryckholt, 1. c, pi. 2, figs. 4, 9, 10. Same locality.
Gryphochiton nervicanus, Ryckbolt, 1. c, p. 47, No. 3, pi. 1, figs. 7, 8, 9, 1b45. Same
locality.
Subgenus Chonechiton Carpenter.
Lorica leptoidea, valvae centrales Gryphochitoni similes, projectse;
valva postica mucrone postico, iufundibuliformi.
This bears the same relation to Choneplax which Loricites does to
Lorica, i. e. similarity, except in the absence of laminae of insertion.
It may be described as a Leptoid Choneplax. In the recent shell the
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 281
funnel is formed by the lamina3 of insertion ; as these do not exist in the
leptoid section, the funnel is seen in the hollowing of tlie back of the
valve itself.
Type.
Clionechiion (Chilon) visetiwla Ryckbolt, 1. c.,i). 51, no. 6, pL 3, figs. 10, 11, 1845. Car-
boniferous of Vis6, Belgium.
Priscochiton Billings.
Leptochiton: lamina postica apicali, iutus excavata.
Type.
Priscochiton canadensis Billings, Pal. Fos. Canada, 18G5, p. 394, fig. 370. Loirer
Silurian.
Pterochiton Carpenter.
Lorica elongatn, leptoidea ; valva? lateraliter excavatse, projectje post-
ice acuminatse ; valva postica regularis, mucrone ischnoideo ; val va antica
(plerumque ?) sinuata ; apophyses maximie, siuu lato. Type C. ehuronicus
Eyckholt.
Species.
Pterochiton cburonicus Ryckholt, Bull. 1. c, part ii, p. 53, no. 8; pi. 4, figs. 7, 8,*
1845. Carboniferous limestone of Vi8<^, Belgium.
Pterochiton legiacus Ryckbolt, Bull. 1. c, p. 52, no. 7, pi. 4, figs. 5, G, 1845; Chiton
(jemmatus (pars) Koninck, An. Fos. Carb. Belg., p. 3'23, no. 3, pi. 23, figs. c,d, e
(not figs, a, b). Same locality as the preceding.
Pterochiton gcnimatus (Koninck) Ryckbolt, 1. c, 1845, p. 59, no. 13, i>1. 4, figs. 1, 2, 3
(fig. 4, forsitau exclus. ). Same locality as preceding.
Pterochiton Thomondiensis Baily, Nat. Hist. Review and Quart. Journ. Sci., July,
18.")9, pi. 4, f. 2 a-c. Carboniferous limestone, County Limerick, Ireland.
Pterochiton Sandberf/ianns (1) Ryckbolt, 1. c.,p. 62,1845. Devonian, Vilmar; Scbultze.
(Mus. Comj). Zool.)
?? Pterochiton Sluseanus Ryckbolt, 1. c, p. .5, No. 10. (Nou C. Slnseanus ejusdem, pi.
4, figs. 7, S^^eburonicus.i Cf. text.)
Subgenus Loricites Carpenter.
Related to Helminthochiton and to tlie recent Lorica as above stated.
From the latter it differs in the absence of lamina? of insertion.
Type GMton concentric us Koninck, op. cit., 1857.
ProbolyEUM Carpenter.
Lorica leptoidea, elongata, maxime projecta; valvis centralibus arete
centrales ante areas jugales porrecta?; valva antica sinuata, valva post-
ica — I Type C. corrngatum Sandberger (pars).
Among recent forms this comes nearest to Kafherina, but the differ-
ence is still extremely great.
* Tbe figures are wrongly named C. Sluseanus on tbe plate,
t Koninck does not escape tbis erior also.
282 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Type.
Chiton corrugatm Sandberger fr., Verst. Kliein. Scliicht. Nassaii; p. 238, pi. 26, fig,
22 a, 185(i, not figs. 22, 22 h, 22 e, 22 (Z =< fish scales and valves of barnacles, as
per ty|3ical specimens in Mas. Comp. Zoology, etc. Devonian of Vilmar.
Cymatochiton Dall.
Valvis ceiitralibus transversis, antice projectis, satis elevatis, jugo
acutiore, lateribus planatis; apopliysibiis modicis, satis extautibus, valde
distantibus; sinii jugali latissiino, incurreute; umbonibus extantibus,
margine aiitico ad jugiim valde postice siunato. Type (7. Loftusianu&
King.
Tills represents a LeptocMton with the valves thrown forward. It
differs from Proholceum in the valves being transverse instead of squared,
and in the terminal valves being regular instead of waved. The name
Cymatodus used in manuscript for this group by Dr. Carpenter is preoc-
cupied by Kewberry (1870).
Species.
Cymafochiion Loftusianus King, i.nnals & Mag. Nat. History, I, vol. 14, p. 382 ; Kirkby,
Proc. Geol. Soc, 18.^0, p. 607, 611, 615, pi. 16, figs. 31-41. Permian, Tunstall
Hill, England.
Cymatochiton Ryclclwltianus Koninc'k Mss. Types Mus. Comp. Zool. Carboniferous of
Vise, Belgium.
? Cymatochiton tarnaiicola* Eyckholt, 1. c, p. 45, jil. 1, figs. 1,2,3, 1845. Carboniferous
of Tournay.
? Cymatochiton Scaldeanus * Ryckbolt, 1. c, p. 46, pi. 1, figs. 4, 5, 6, 1845. Same locality.
? Cymatochiton Hoivseanus Kirkby, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 1857, j). 216, pi. 7, figs. 9-13.
Permian, Tunstall Hill, England.
This last species is the first undoubted Chiton to put on features com-
mon to all the recent forms of the family.
Until the full record of his investigations is i)ublished, the amount of
confusion as to types, discrepancies between figures and specimens, and
errors of one kind and another discovered by Dr. Carpenter in his exam-
ination of the original types of many of the species can hardly be im-
agined. The synonymy is also necessarily left until the complete paper
shall be printed. Meanwhile the student is warned that the citations
herein actually made are the only ones which are guaranteed to relate
to the species named, though there may be, and in most cases are, others
which might be cited. The preceding (with synonyms) number all the
Palaeozoic chitons actually determined to be such up to 1873.
In the course of the investigation the following species have been
found not to be chitons or chitonoid. They belong variously to fish
scales, barnacle {Turrilepas) valves, ostracod Crustacea, and some to un-
determined organisms.
* Doubt attaches to the moUuscan nature of these two minute species, which have
Bome crustacean features.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 28a
"Chiton" Gray anus Kouinck, 1857. Upper Siluriau.
" ChUon" Wrightiantis Koninck, ditto.
^' ChitoneUus" Hancoddanus Kirkby, Proc. Geol. Soc, 18.'>9, pi. 10, figs. 1-13. Penuian,
England.
'^Chiton" cordaius Kirkby, ditto, figs. 24-29.
"Chitonellus" distordis Kirkby, ditto, tigs. 28-:«0.
" Chitonellus" aniiquiis Howse, Kirkby 1. c, figs. 14-23. Permian.
"Chiton" cordifer Koninck, Descr. An. Foss. Terr. Carb. Belg., 1844, p. 324, pi. 22, fig.
5 a, h (teste Eyckliolt). Carbouiterous of Belgium.
*' Chiton" corntgatiis Saudberger (pars), p. 238, pi. 26, figs. 22, 22 ft, 22 f, 22(7, 1856.
Devonian and Lower Devonian of Vihnar and Ehrenbreitstein.
"Chiton" sagittalis Sandberger, I.e., p. 239, pi. 26, figs. 23 a, b. Same locality?
Suleochiton Grayi RyckhQlt, Journal de Coneliyl., 1862, p. 2."i9, pi. xii, f. 14. Carbonif-
erous of Vis6, Belgium.
ABSTRACT OF ALL THE GENERA.
Order POLYPLACIPHOEA.
Section I. — Cliitone.s regulares.
Head aud tail plates .similarly articulated.
A. Leptoidea.
lusertioii i>lates obsolete or, if present, nnslit.
(Extinct forms.)
1. Hehninfhochiton Salter.
2. Gri/phochiton Gray.
a. Chonecliiton Cpr.
3. Priscoehiton Billings.
7. Leptochiton Gray.
a. Deshayesiella Cpr.
8, Hanleyia Gray.
4. Pferochiton Cpr.
a. f Loricites Cpr.
5. ProboJaum Cpr.
6. Cymaiochifon Dall.
(Eecent foDiiH.)
9. HemiHrihrnm Cpr.
10. Mieroplax Adams and Angas.
B. Ischnoidea.
Insertion x)lates sharp, smooth, fissured ; with eaves.
*]Sro pores on girdle.
11. Tracliydermon Cpr.
a. Trachyradsia Cpr.
12. Callocluton Gray.
a. Stereocliiton Cpr.
13. Tonicella Cpr.
14. Schizoplax Dall.
15. Leploplax Cpr.
16. Chwtopleura Shuttle worth.
a. Ma,ugerella Cpr.
17. Sponyiochiion Cpr.
20. Callistoplax Cpr.
21. Angasia Cpr.
22. Newcombia Cpr.
18. Ischnochiton Gray.
a. Stcnoplax Cpr.
h. Stenoradsia C\n:
<: I><chnopJax Cpr.
d. Heterozona Cpr.
e. Ischnochiton s. s. Cpr.
/. Ischnoradf:ia Shnttleworth.
g. Lepidoph'urns Cpr.
7). Lcpidoradfiia Cpr.
19. Callislochiton Cpr.
**With girdlepores.
23. Ceratozona Dall.
24. Pallochiton Dall.
284 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSUEM.
0. LOPHYROIDEA.
lusertion plates broad, pectinated, projecting backward.
25. Chiton Liun^.
a. Eadsia Gray.
26. Tonida Gray.
a. Fannettia Dall.
27. Eudoxorhifon Shnttleworth.
28. Craspedochiton Sbuttlewortb.
D. xlCANTHOIDEA.
Insertion plates thrown forward.
* Plates broad, i^ectinated {A. lophyroidea).
29. ScJerochifon Cpr. |
** Plates sharp, grooved outside {A. typica).
30. Acanihopleura Guilding.
a. Lucilina Dall.
h. Corephium Gray,
c. Francisia Cpr.
31. Dinoplax Cpr.
32. Middendorfia Cpr.
a. Beanella Dall.
''Plates sharp, smooth [A. ischnoidea.)
33. NuitalUna Cpr.
34. Arthuria Cpr.
3.5. Phacellopleura Guilding.
Section II. — Chitones irregulares.
Tail plate abnormal or with a sinus behind.
E. SCHIZOIDEA.
Tail valve fissured.
36, Lonca H. and A. Adams. [ 37. Schizocliiton Gray.
a. Aulacochiton (Sliuttleworth) Cpr. |
F. Placiphoroidea.
Tail valve unslit, internally ridged, mucro nearly terminal.
38. Enoplochiton Gray. I 40. Placiphora Gray.
39. Ornithochiton Gray. | a. Frembh/a H. Adams.
I b, Euplacipliora Sbuttlewortb.
1 c. Guildingia Cpr.
G. MOPALOIDEA.
Tail valve with posterior sinus and one slit on each side.
41. Mopalia Gray.
a. PlaciphoreUa Cpr.
42. Katherina Gray.
43. Aeanfhochitoti (Leacb) Herrm.
a. Macaiidrellus Cpr.
b. Stectoplax Cpr.
44. Notoplax H. Adams.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 285
H. Cryptoidea.
With double sutural laminae.
45. Cryptoeonchus Blaiuville. I 47. Cryptochiton Gray and Middendorf.
46. Amicula Gray.
a. Amicula s. s. Dall.
b. Chlamydochiton Dall. I
I. Chitonelloidea.
Tail plate fimuel-shaped. Laminae thrown forward.
48. CMtonellus Blaiuville. [ 49. Clwneplax Cpr.
a. Cryptoplax Gray. ( a. Chitotiiscus Cpr.
It is hardly necessary to observe that the names here ascribed to
Gray, Shuttleworth, and other older writers are more or less restricted
so as to make them natural assemblages, which most of them orig-
inally were not. The subdivisions under similar names to be found in
Adams' Genera of Eecent Mollusca and Ch6nu's Manual are nearly all
heterogeneous assemblages. Some names which were found to have
been preoccupied in other groups have been replaced by new ones.
Nearly all the names enumerated have been made public, some of them
many years ago, others by Dr. Carpenter in his " Table of Kegular Chi-
tons," distributed in November, 1873, but of which a large proportion
of the copies printed are still on hand. Some appeared in different
papers on mollusca of the northwest coast of North America, published
by Dr. Carpenter from 1863 to 1874, and several were elucidated in a
paper on the New England chitons in the Bulletin of the Essex Institute
in 1873. A majority of them were also characterized by me (partly
from Dr. Carpenter's manuscript) in my Report on the Limpets and
Chitons of Alaska, &c., Proc. U. S. National Museum, December, 1878.
Such as still remained unpublished are now included in the following
analytical tables with additional notes elucidating their characters more
fully.
It is believed that the publication of these tables will be beneficial in
several ways, as in giving a general view of Dr. Carpenter's classification,
and especially in calling attention to the characters which it is desirable
should be distinctly noted by those who may describe new species of
Ghitonidce, and for the want of which it is impracticable, in the majority
of cases, to properly classify or even to subsequently recognize the
species. The technical terms used and the relations of the several
parts have been explained in my report above mentioned, and it is not
considered necessary here to repeat the explanations.
The publication of the entire monograph only awaits the preparation
of the illustrations, which has been delayed by circumstances entirely
beyond the writer's control.
It may be thought by some who have not investigated the subject
that the group has been unduly divided. In regard to the permanent
286 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
relations of its various genera, no dogmatism is justifiable at present or
until the characters of a much larger number of species have been de-
finitely determined. Until then, when the questions can be decided,
the various subdivisions will at least serve a very useful i)urpose in
calling attention to differences which otherwise might pass unnoticed or
unheeded. For my own part, my impressions are that the majority of
the genera or subgenera proposed by Dr. Carpenter will eventually be
recognized as well founded, though a certain number may be condemned
to consolidation.
NOTES ON THE GENERA.
6. Oyniatodus Carpenter, MS., not of Newberry, 1870.
7a. Differs from Leptochiton not only in its hairy girdle, but also in
its valves, which are thrown forward, forming a decided transition
toward some of the palaeozoic forms. Type Leptochiton curvatns Cpr.
Okosiri, Japan ; A. Adams.
10. Microplax Adams and Angas 1864, not of Lilljeborg, 1865.
12. CallocMton (restricted). Laminae broken up into very numerous
teeth rising out of spongy eaves, and having a tendency to become
propped outside; sinus a mere wave in the united bodies of the sutural
laminae; mantle reticulated with peculiar bodies, the tips of which ap-
pear like diamond-shaped scales, and which are unlike the girdle-
armature of any other Chiton. Example Chiton Iwris of Montague,
Pennant and Gray.
12a. Subgenus Siercochitsn ; Callochiton : zona coriacea sparsim
lanuginosa. Type Chiton castaneus Wood, Ind. Test, et Gen. Conyh.
15. Valvae tenues in zona tenui, levi, partim immersae; laminae inser-
tionis acutae, terraiuales pauci-fissatae, sed regulares ; sinus hand den-
tatus; mucro medianus. Example, Chiton codrctatus Sowerby, Isle of
Bohol.
17. Valvae partim immersae; laminae acutae, Ischnoidce; sinus magnus
levis ; mucro medius planatus; zona spongiosa, antice producta. Ex-
amx)le, Spongiochiton productus Cpr., New Zealand, Mus. Cuming, no. 50.
This may be considered a partially covered Chwtopleura, just as Leptoplax
is a partially covered Tonicella.
20. Testa extus et intus ut in Callistochitone, zona porifera aliter
nuda. Type Chiton retusus Sby. China Seas.
21. Testa extus et intus Chaetopleuroidea sed subgrundis parvis; zona
minutae squamulopilosa, fasciculis ad suturas instructa. ( = Hanleyia Ad.
& Angas, non Gray). Type A. tetrica Cpr. Ceylon. Mus. Cuming, no. 83.
Eanleia variabilis Ad. and Angas probably belongs to this group,
but has not been dissected.
23. Ceratophorus Carpenter MS. (non Diesing, 1850). Valvae extus et
intus Chaetopleurae similis, sed deutibus suflultis, subgrundis curtis:
zona levis, in cornua sen coruuum fasciculas circa suturas et marginem
iwrrecta. T^pe Chiton Quildingi Reeve.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 287
This differs from all other hairy or spiny Chitons, at all nearly related
to it, in the mantle ornaments not being inserted into sockets, but being
extensions of its substance.
24. {HempMllia Opr. MS. J non VAnncy.) NuitalUna : zona lanugosa;
lamin^ie centrales uniflssatiie. This section unites in a form resembling
KuttaUina some of the features of MUldendorfia, from which the girdle
•differs in being spongy and covered with soft hairs instead of short
shelly bristles. The shape is that of an Isclmochiton, the sculi)ture and
girdle of Ckwtopleura, the insertion plates and sinus almost exactly like
Middendorjia. Type PciUocMton lanufjinosns Cpr. sp. Lower California.
2G«. Fannia Gray, not Robineau Desvoidy, 1830.
29. Lorica Acanthopleura^, zona Euoplochitoni similis ; laminte obtusaj,
pectinatte, sinus undatus, Icvis. Type ScJcrocMton Cpr. Torres Straits,
Mus. Cuming, no. 42.
Most like Unoploehitoii, from which it differs in the articulation of the
tail plate and the sub-central mucro.
30a. Lucia Gould, not of Swainson, 1833.
30c. Acanthopleura : A^alvis partim immersis, planatis ; lamiuis centrall-
bus pleurifissatis; sinu lobato. Type Chiton spinosa Brugiere.
This form bears the same relation to Acanthopleura that Fannettia
does to Tonicia, with the additional peculiarity of Radsioid nicks in the
central valves. Named for Dr. Francis, once editor of the Annals and
Magazine of Natural History.
31. Lorica solidissima alata: mucro hand elevatus submedianus; lam-
inse valvse separatte, acuta^, leves; V. post, antice tendentes; sinus mini-
mus; zona coriacea, fasciculatim spinulosa. Tyi^e Chiton {jiga.s Clhemnitz.
32. {Dawsonia Cpr. (preoc.) 1873; Middendorfia Cpr. in MS. later.)
Lorica et zona extus ut in Acanthopleura ; laminae acutie, extus rugosa,
suft'ultsBj sinus planatus hand laminatus. Type Chiton Polii Philippi
(non Deshayes), Dalmatia. Internally Ischnoid, externall}' Acanthopleu-
roid.
32a. {Beania Carpenter, not Johnstone.) Lorica et zona inter Acan-
thopleuram et Ischnochitonem intermedia; mucro submedianus; 1am-
iuse acuti, hand suffulti; zona squamis subspinosis striatis vix imbricata.
Type Chiton Bissoi Cuming, non Payr. C. pseiidorissoi Cpr. MS., Malta.
Mus. Cuming, no. 51.
34. Lorica tenuis; valvte undata?; mucro posticus, productus, laminae
acutse, leves;" V. post, antice projectse, sinus planatus, laminatus, levis;
zona coriacea, levis, sen lanugata. Type Arthuria Jilosa Cpr., loc. iucert.
Mus. Cuming, nos. 23, 38.
This has the aspect of Chcetopleura externally in sculpture, but has
the tail plate like KuttalUna in its structure, and like Placiphora in its
external appearance.
3Grt. Aiilacochiton pars, Shuttleworth, 1853. Lorica: mucrone postico,
pariim siuuato; sinu lobato; zona squamulis minimis obsita, antice pro-
ducta. Examj)le, Lorica Angasi H. Adams, P. Z. S., 1864, p. 193. Aus-
tralia.
288 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
40a. =Streptochifon Cpr. MS. Type F. Collei H. Adams. Australia.
406. Placiphora : sinu lato, planato ; zont© setis baud fasciculatim in-
stnictis. Type Chiton petholatus Sowerby. South Australia.
40c. Placiphora: valvis partim immersis; zona postice emarginata.
Type G. obtecta Cpr. New Zealand. Mus. Cuming, no. 45.
43rt. Aeanthochiton : valvis partim tectis; mncrone Isclmoideo; lam.
postica rugosim lobata; ar. lat. depressis. Type M. plmneus Cpr. Hab.?
Mus. Cuming, no. 108.
43Z>. Aeanthochiton : valvis per duas trientes immersis. Type S. por-
recta Cpr. Japan. Mus. Cuming, no. 97.
49. Animal repens, satis elongatum : valvte expositse parvse, omuino
coutigufe; valva postica infundibuliformis; mucro retrojectus, termi-
nalis; lamiuiie ut in Katherina sed obsoletim fissatre; zona Acanthochi-
tonoidea. Type Chiton strigatus Sowerby. West Indies.
49«. Animal et testa Choneplacis similes sed zona hand porifera.
Based on Chitonellns striatus and strigatus Sowerby, Conch. 111., figs.
62 and 63, which are represented as without pores. In the former the
valves are separated (as in Notoplax) ; in the latter they touch (as in
Choneplax). The species need examination to confirm the accuracy of
the figures, but it is probable that there are both pore-bearing and non-
poriferous species among the vermiform as well as the compact Chito-
uelles. These last groups are the highest and most active in the whole
order in tropical waters, as is Cryptochiton in the north.
Table I.
The following table will exhibit the minor characteristics of most of
the recent Chitons in regard to the plan of the insertion plates, number
of slits, if any, in anterior, middle and posterior valves; character of the
tooth-like projections between the slits; and of the margin of the outer
layer overhanging the insertion plates, termed eaves by Dr. Carpenter;
all according to the numbers and letters of the preceding list :
X = many ; -=- = few ; + = or more : >(c = irregular.
11
lift
12
12a
13
14
15
16
Plan of insertion plates.
(Leptoidea.)
None
...do
Only in anterior valve
Present in anterior and pos-
terior valves.
Present in all valves
Slits in valves.
{Ischnoidea.)
I Regular, branching .
do
Minutely divided- . .
do".
Kegular, branching .
do
Regular, projecting .
Regular, branching .
Teeth.
None
None
Rugose lamina -
Smooth lamina .
.do
Sharp, normal .
Eaves.
None ..
None . .
Minute
...do..
Gills.
None
...do
Propped outside .
Sharp, normal
do
Sharp, long, thin . .
Sharp, normal
Projecting, spon-
gy-
. ..,do
Broad, spongy...
do
Short
...do
Minute
Short.
Post.
(?)
Short.
Short.
Med.
Med.
(?)
(?)
Med.
Subamb.
(?)
Moderate ' Amb
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 289
X zzz many ; -=- = few ; + = or more ; ^ =; irregular.
Plan of insertion plates.
Regular, brandling -
, do .-
.do-
-do-
-do-
-do.
-do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
-do.
-do.
-do.
.do.
.do.
-do.
{Lopltijroidea.)
Regular, branching . .
do ^..
do
do -
Unflssiired
Regular
{Acanthoidea.)
Regular, branching .
-do.
-do.
.do.
.do.
32 do.
32a ! do
33 V. all thrown forward.
V. post, thrown forward. . .
do
(Schizoidea.)
) Regular, posterior valve i
i slit between 2 ridges. (
Str. forward, deep slit
(Placiphoruidea.)
Str. forward, flat behind. . .
Regular, flat behind
Regular, ribbed behind
do
do
do
Slits in valve.
(Mopaloidea.)
\ Regular, posterior valve C
S laminated. \
Thrown forward, laminated [
do I
Thrown foiward somewhat. |
436 Thrown foiward much .
44 Tail plate creuate behind.
(Cryptoidea.)
45 Regular, behind variable.
4Grt Mopaloid
456 do
47 Coarsely mopaloid
(Chitonclloidea.)
48 ; Very sagittate
48a .....'.do
49 Intermediate
8-10
9
7-8
8 + '
Teeth.
Eaves.
1
1
2+
1
1
1
2+
1
2 +
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2+
1
1
*
1
GiUa.
Sharp, normal ' Projecting (?)
Shaip, hmg, sinootli. . ; Minute \ (?)
Sh;iri>, normr.l Projecting Amb.
do do Amb.
do do Amb.
do ... do Amb.
do ... do Amb.
do Projecting, long . Amb.
do do Amb.
do do Amb.
Excui ved, plumate. . j do i Amb.
Excurved, solid I Projecting I (?)
Rough, propped . . . i Short | (?)
Solid, not propped . . . j do (?)
Solid, propped [ .... do (?)
Sharp, curved i Short, spongy . . . Med.
1
1
1-2
0-1
1
Blunt, serrate j Short, spongy .
. . . .do do
Sharjjer, serrate do
Sharper, serrate, long! Very short
Blunt, fimbriate I Short
(?) (0
Blunt, grooved
Longer, grooved.
.--.do
.-..do
...do
Long, smooth . . .
Propped, smooth
Short, sharp, smooth
Very long, sharp,
smooth.
Kormal, sharp,
smooth.
Very long, sharp,
smooth.
P r o j e ct in g,
g r o o %■ e d .
.. .do
..-.do
---.do
Very short
Moderate, not
grooved,
iloderate, spongy:
Projecting
Short
Moderate - .
Very short .
Blunt, rugose Moderate.
Sharp, serrate j Long
Shai-p, long I Small
Amb.
Amb.
Amb.
Amb.
(0
(0
(?)
Amb.
(?)
Amb.
(?)
(?)
(?)
(?)
Amb.
(?)
Amb.
(?)
(?)
Med.
None behind Deeply furrowed (?)
Normal, serrate Moderate (?)
Slightly propped .... Small Amb.
Excurved do j (?)
Sharp ! Minute j (?)
Sharp, very long, do : (?)
smooth.
Long, propped Minute Med.
Mod., simple Small (?)
Very long, propped. . Minute, spongy. . Amb.
' Small ' Med.
Minute (?)
Long, sharp, smooth
Very long, sharp,
smooth.
Very long, sharp, ru-
I gose.
i Crenate, sharp,
smooth.
....do
....do
(?)
Long.
Very long, smooth... Minute J.
do ' do ' Med.
do do I Amb.
do None ! Amb.
1 Viry short, except <
i at sutures \
Mod. long in front. . .
Distinct Post.
. . . do Post.
Minute (?)
Pioc. I^at. Mus. 81-
-19
Feb, 33, 1883.
290 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Table II.
This table enumerates in brief the characters of the sinus of the girdle
and its armature, and the chief distinctive i^eculiarities of each group.
Siuus.
Simple, smooth, deep
Simple, broad
Simple, broad, shallow.
Broad, spongy
Obsolete
Broad, shallow
do
Extremely small
Most minute . . .
Broad, shallow. . .
Broad, fissured . .
Moderate
Broad or minute .
Broad, smooth...
Simple, broad, deep.
.do
.do
Simple, narrow, deep . .
Simple, broad, shallow.
do
do
? Broad, shallow, some-
i times dentate.
Broad, shallow, laminate.
Narrow, deep, laminate. .
Narrow, shallow, simple . . .
Rounded, simple
Narrow, shallow, simple.
Broad, shallow, simple.
Squared, denticulate...
Girdle.
G-ravelly scales, smoo th or striated
Spicules and chafly scales
"With hairs or fine spines
Solid, downy, poriferous
Thin, hoiny, tiiiely granulous .
Granular tlattish scales
do
Long, horny scales
Smooth, downy
Smooth or downy
Smooth
Thin, smooth
Hairy
Short, striated, shelly bristles
Spongy, downy
Irregular, chafify scales
do
Long, striated spines and scales..
Double series scales, not chafly . .
Small, transverse scales.
do
Large, smooth, imbricated scales.
Narrow, with small scales
-do
.do
.do
Small, laminae united.
(?)
Large, laminaj united
Large, waved, laminaj
united.
)Large, waved, lobed, lam-(
i inoB united. (
Minute, waved, smooth
Simple, lamina} separated. .
Smooth, with marginal tufts
Minute bristles and sutural hair-
tufts.
Pleshy with long, hairy bristles.
Smooth, with homy processes
Spongy, with scattered soft hairs.
Large, solid, imbricate scales
do
Smooth or downy .
Smooth, spreading
Hairy
' ' Minutissime asperulus " .
Large, solid, grooved scales .
Shelly bristles
.do
.do
Narrow, smooth, laminate.
Narrow, laminae separated .
Narrow
Nan-ow, lobed .
Narrow, very deep .
Deep, lobed.'
do
Shelly spines
Shelly bristles, spreading . .
Smooth, small, downy tufts.
Granular bristles
Bristly, striated scales
Broad", with shelly bristles.
Thin, lanugate
Thin, lanugate, wide, with sutural
pores.
Slit behind, solid smooth scales. .
Produced in front, upright scales .
Slit behind, minute spiculse
Large, separate scales, bristles
between.
Peculiarities.
All negative.
Flattened mucro, valves thrown
forward
Laminai only on anterior valve.
Terminal valves laminated.
IJuslit laminai on all valves.
Short gills, granular scales.
Radsioid central slits.
Small sinus, reticulate girdle,
crowded propped teeth.
Smooth girdle.
Short gills, ischnoid plates.
Valves slit in dorsal axis.
Teeth few, valves partly immersed.
Ischnoid plated, hairy i,irdle.
Radsioid slits i.schnoid plates, stri.
ated bristles.
Half immersed valves, plates isch-
noid.
Body long, chaffy scales.
Same as last, with radsioid slits.
Same, triple series of striated scales.
Body normal, double series of
scales.
Body normal, small striate scales.
Body normal, radsioid slits.
C Scales of Chiton, plates of JscTiwo-
< chiton.
( Same, with radsioid slits.
Narrow girdle, highly sculptured,
plates curved outward.
Curved plates, marginal pores.
Propjjed teeth, sutural pores.
Tough, fleshy girdle, propped teeth.
Propped teeth, horny girdle pro-
cesses.
Spongy girdle, single lateral slits.
Broad' seiTated teeth and sinus,
scaly girdle.
Same, wit li added side slits.
Sharper teeth, sin-joth girdh;.
Sharper teeth, vahc^ parily cov-
ered.
Non Assured but deeply pectinate
teeth, hair,\ girdle.
Posterior valve ' ' medio fimbriata."
Non-imbricat(- scales, broad groov-
ed and seviate teeth.
Teeth short inside, long outside,
waved sinus.
Same, with radsioid slits.
Spinous girdle, lobed sinus.
Partly covered valves, radsioid
slits.
Downv girdle tufts, smooth sharp
teeth.
Bristly girdle, smooth propped
teeth.
Sliarp teeth, striate scales.
Long, sharp teeth, radsioid slits,
posterior mucro.
Twisted niiicni, smooth, thin girdle,
thin isi-hiKiid valves.
Smooth, porous gin.le partly cover-
ing valves, veiy long teeth.
Slit tail-plate, scaly girdle.
Sharp teeth, prv)duccd girdle, bi-
lobed scales, lobed siuus.
Very long and narrow, deep slit.
Scaly girdle, flattened tail-plate.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 291
Table II — Coutinued.
2
a
o
6
Sinus.
Girdle.
Peculiarities.
39
Hairy girdle, glossy valves, flat-
tened tail-plate.
Eows of pore tufts, swollen ribs.
Outbending of the teeth.
Hairy girdle without pores.
Valves partly covered.
Normal shape, shai-p lamina; with
one slit, waved behind.
Same, with small pores.
Smooth, broad girdle, teeth thrown
forw.ard.
Tufted girdle, large laminffi, miuute
tail-plate.
Valves partly covered, sunken side
areas, lobeil tail-plate.
Valves nearly covered, tufted gir-
dle.
Valves separated with narrow si-
nus.
Arched, nearly covered valves, tu-
bercular pores near jugum.
Tips of valves only exjiosed, soft
bristles irregularly disposed,
short gills.
Same, with ambient gills.
Valves entirely covered.
Very long, hind valves separate.
Same, with small tufts.
Side tufts, valves touching.
40
40a
40&
40c
Small, sut. laminae joined . .
Bioad, shallow
Broad, deep, spongy
do
Hairy, with regular pore-tufts . . .
do
Crowded hairs without pores . - .
Encroaching on valves, pore-tufts
41
41a
do
Regular pores, much produced in
front.
Smooth, valves nearly covered- . .
Hairy, with long, fasciculated
spiculie.
42
43
43a
Deep, broa;d, spongy
do
'IS?)
44
45
4f)rr
Deep, narrow
Deep, arched
Broad
Crowded spicules, with sutural
pores.
Smooth, tufted, valves nearly
covered.
Smooth, irregularly tufted
Coriaceous, irregulaily tufted
Covering the shell, with numer-
ous fliie spiculsB in tufts all
over the surface.
Crowded bristles, no tufts
Crowded bristles, with tufts
Gravelly, with sutural tufts
4fift
do
47
48
48a
49
Very deep and narrow
do
do
With the above data and those comprised in my report on the Lim-
pets and Chitons of Alaska, «&c,, students should be pretty well able to
refer any Chiton of whose characters they have made themselves masters
to its proper place in the general classification.
NOVEMEER 30, 1881.
292 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
NOTES OIV €EKTAIIV ABORIGIIVAl. SHEI.l, MOIJIVUS ON THE COAST
OF NEW BRUNSWICK AND OF NEW ENCJIiAND.
B\ S. F. BAIRD.
During several successive visits made to New England and the Prov-
inces, I embraced the opportunity of examining a number of interesting
shell moun<ls, intending to continue the research and to prepare a de-
tailed account of them. Subsequent events, however, have prevented
my doing this, and I now i^ublish some fragmentary notes on the subject^
for the purpose of calling attention to the localities and inviting further
examination.
In general, it is possible to determine beforehand the existence of shell
heaps by the physical surroundings. Thus, whenever on the sea-coast
the shore sloped gently to the south, with fresh water in the neighbor-
hood, shell mounds or beds could always be inferred, especially if in the
vicinity of flats where clams could be obtained. Here were generally
established the sites of villages or of temporary encampments.
Prof. F. W. Putnam, in one of his papers upon shell mounds in New
England, has remarked upon the comparative absence of stone imple-
ments therein. This I did not fiud to be the case in Maine and New
Brunswick; indeed, in some cases, the abundance was quite remarkable.
The examinations of the shell beds in New Brunswick and Eastern
Maine were mostly made in the summer of 18G9; of those on Cape Cod^
in 1S70 and 1871; and of those on Casco Bay, in 1873. All the speci-
mens collected are in the National Museum at Washington.
Xo. 1. — OaA' Bay, ISL Croix River, St. JJavi(Vs Parish, New BrumicicTi. —
Tbis locality is on the eastern side of Oak Bay, and is about eiglit miles
from Calais, on the farm of Josiah Simpson. This is the most extensive
and in fact one of the richest mounds I have ever examhied. The total
thickness of the bed is about 5 feet, and tbe different layers occur in a
succession indicated in the accompanying diagram.
A striking feature in this mound is the abundance of spines and shells
of Echini, which evidently constituted a large portion of the food of the
aborigines. A careful examination of the ashes indicated that they were
derived, for the most part, from eel-grass [Zoster a marina), and it is sug-
gested that the cooking of the shells was done by wrapping them up
in dry eel-grass and setting fire to it. This would probably cook the
animals sufficiently to enable them to be readily withdrawn from the
shell.
Oak Bay is a narrow fjord, extending northward from Passamaquoddy
Bay, the water being entirely salt. The tides are very high, and a vast
extent of Hats is exposed, at low water, still abounding in the soft clam.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 293
The area of the shell bed appears to be about one acre. The principal
shells are the followin"r :
Buccinum plicosum.
Katica hews.
Pecten tcnuicostatmn.
Pecten cardium
Mya arenaria.
Mytihis.
Helix alternata.
Vertical section of shell heap, Oak Bay, New Brunswick, September, 1869.
[Scale I's-]
Toi) sod, fine powdery humus.
Much decomposed clam shells.
Fine flat gravel — Ancient beach.
Finely comminuted shells: carbonaceous
matter.
Clayey humus, nearly pure.
Fine shells, white ashes,
carbonaceous matter.
Finely comminuted shells,
carbonaceous matter.
Shells.
Layer of Echinus spines.
Black bed.
Shells.
Blackish matter.
Original clay.
9.
10.
11
12.
13.
294 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Several visits were made to Oak Bay in company with George A.
Boardman and Dr. Todd, of St. Stephen's, New Brunswick.
]so. 2.—Cohscoo1c Bay, Washington County, Maine; Farm of Levi Ral-
lowell.—Th\^ point was reached by water from Bastport, Me., and is Ave
miles south of Denysville. It is on a narrow, sloping point, running
sharply into the bay and cut away at the water's edge. The sur-
face is about feet above the level of high tide. The edge has been
much worn away by the water, and probably at one time extended con-
siderably beyond its present position. The shells were much brolcen in
the beds. The abundance of roots of trees rendered digging very diffi-
cult. The shells formed a layer of from 6 to 20 inches below the surface
of the sod. Bones were very abundant, especially those of the moose
and beaver. Stone arrows and flint flakes, &c., were also very numer-
ous. The area of the bed is about 30 feet by 20, and gives rise to a de-
cided swell in the slope. At other points in the neighborhood there
are thin seams of shells in the sod, much mixed with charcoal and black
earth, without any bones. I made several visits to this locality, and a
more extended exploration was made by Mr. Gardiner, of Eastport, who
presented his collections to the Kational Museum.
;No. 3. — CohscooTc Bay, Washington County, Maine; South Bay, at the
southern end of Long Lsland. — This bed is at some distance from the
water and was not very productive. It is situated on a high bank, sloping
gradually to the water, and terminating abruptly. Much of it has been
washed away. There appears to have been one continuous layer, cover-
ing about 30 or 40 feet by 20 with outlying hummocks. The sod is five
or six inches thick, succeeded by a bed of large unbroken shells, with little
or no dirt within eight or ten inches of the top. A few stone arrows
were obtained here, but not many bones — none to warrant further ex-
ploration.
No. 4. — Grand Menan, Neiv Brunsivick; Grand Harbor — Grand Menan
is situated about 20 miles from Eastport. This was found to contain
many deposits of small shell heaps ; no beds, however, were very exten-
sive. Those at Newton's Point and Ingall's Head, in Grand Harbor,
were found to be the most productive locaUties.
The shells were much broken and mixed ^ith dirt. Where the bed
reached the water's edge it was about 40 feet wide and 10 inches thick.
The only mammals observed were seals, some beaver, many bones of birds
and a few of fishes were obtained. Stone articles were abundant ; many
arrows, flint flakes, &c. A few worked bones of the beaver were secured.
No. 5. — Grand Menan; Nantucket Lsland. — This is the residence of
Simeon L. Cheney, the well known naturalist of Grand Menan, whose
assistance to many American naturalists has been so often gratefully
acknowledged.
No. 6. — Grand Menan, Cheney Lsland, near Whitehead Lsland. — The
shells in the last two localities occur on the south side of the island in
detached heajis or hummocks, containing each from half a bushel to tlu'ee
or four bushels, not connected by any layers. They are usually high up
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 295
iu the field and covered with thick sod. These heaps show very few
bones, and very sehlom any stone implements. They appear to have
been casual in their origin, and do not mark long continued settlements.
Cormorant bones were found quite abundantly in the Nantucket Island
heaps. Tliere appeared to be an unusual scarcity of bones of fishes in the
Grand Menan deposits, and those chiefly of small fishes, such as sculpins,
and the like. Ijones of codfish, and perhaps even of goose-fish, and other
large fish were more common at Eagle Hill, Ijiswich, where the mounds,
while abounding in the bones of fish, furnished very few of mammals and
birds.
No. 7. — Pojje Logan, Lepreau Bay. — The locality visited is on Holland's
farm, on the north part of the island and west of the westernmost saw-
mill. Of the numerous deposits in the vicinity only one was examined;
this revealed an abundance of shells of the soft clam {Aiya arcnaria),
still found in numbers in the neighborhood, the locality being celebrated
all along the coast in this respect.
Tlie sliell Ilea]) examined is on a sloping bank descending to the south,
the lower end being about 10 feet above high tide, and occupying an area
of 150 feet by 50, and having a de[>th of 20 feet in the several layers.
The shells were, for the most part, entire and unstratified, with very
litth^ mixture of earth. The bones of large mammals, such as the moose,
and probably the caribou, were extremely abundant, occurring by the
cart-load. They were nnich less broken up than usual.
No. 8. — jB/m'.s Island. New BrunHwkl;. — This locality is situated near
the head of the bay on the right hand of Pentlow's Cove, to the south-
west. Here the shells occur in thin, compact layers on the bank facing
the northwest, much mixed with black dust. The deposit is scanty and
scarcely worth working.
No. 1). — Blisses Island, Fl,s]ierman\s Cove, New BrunswicJ:. — This locality
is on the northeast side and north of the weirs. Here the shells occur
unstratified in a bed about 20 inches thick, almost free from mixture, and
covered with a light, loose soil, to 10 inches deep. Very few bones
were found.
No. 10. — Fryers or Cailiff^s Island, New Brunswicl: — This bed was oue
of the richest I have ever examined. It is situated on English Cove,
directly opposite Bliss's Island, to the east of Long- Point. It is near the
farm buildings, between two willows. Here the shell bed was a very large
one, about 15 feet above the i)resent high tide, and seems to have been
torn up by the tide and restratified by the water, so that articles of the
same kind and specific gravity were usually found in association. The
layers consisted of black beach gravel, alternating with nearly- pure
gravel. The total bed was from 20 to 30 inches thick, the productive
layers occupying only a few inches of it. The shells had been cast in
strata on either side of a ravine or gulch, along the bottom of which there
were but few shells, but coutaining nearly all the bones and stone imple-
ments of the original bed mixed Avith gravel. West of this locality is
another bed at a lower level than the first.
296 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
I ain miicli indebted to Mr. Henry Frye, of St. George, New Bruns-
wick, for permission to examine this locality, the scientific interest of
which he appears fully to appreciate.
No. 10 A. — Uast side of Digidcquash River ^ Passaniaquoddy Bay, New
BrunswicJc. — Not very productive.
No. lOB.—Roquc'S Island, Maine. — Tliis is on the southern side of an
islaiul bordering on Roque's Island thoroughfare, which separates Roque's
Island from Spruce Island, and situated between Machias and Quoddy
Head. The bed here was 3 feet thick, with old loam above it nearly a
foot thick, the whole extending nearly a mile. This locality was not
visited by myself, but reported by Lieut. J. A. Slocum, of the revenue-
cutter Mosswood.
No. 11. — Green Point along Letite, Fassamaquoddy Bay, Maine. — Not
examined.
No. 12. — Seely^s Cove. — Not examined.
No. 13. — Bocahec, Passaniaquoddy Bay. — Not examined.
No. 13a. — Bamariscotta, Me. — The shells of this well-known locality
consist almost entirely of oysters, the beds covering many acres in
extent to a depth of from 5 to 15 or 20 feet. The oysters were all very
large and usually narrow or slipper-shaped. Very few are now found
living in the vicinity. The number of worked bones of animals or of
stone implements, mixed with the shells, is extremely small ; a long
search of perhaps an hour will sometimes be necessary before anything
of the kind can be detected.
No. 13/>. — Bocabec. — Not examined.
These constitute the i^rincipal localities examined in Eastern Maine
and New Brunswick. As already stated, they are characterized in some
cases by large beds of shells of the soft clam {Myaarenaria), never of the
quahaug or Venus mercenaria, with a little admixture of earth ; in others
the shells are in a much decomposed condition, with black earth scat-
tered among them; again, by the association of large bones, especially
of the moose and caribou, with but little mixture of anything else. Occa-
sionally these beds alternated with pure shell or pure bone, possibly
the shells being aggregated in summer and the bones of mammals in
winter. Everywhere the bones of the great auk were found, as also
those of the beaver. The only other localities examined in Maine were
some islands in Casco Bay, where the bones of the great auk were un-
usually abundant.
No. 13B. — Wantaslet Beach, Boston Harbor. — At various points in the
vicinity of this beach are found numerous seams and hillocks of shells,
consisting, however, almost entirely of Mactra solidissima, or horse-clams ;
neither 3Iya nor Venus were observed. The deposits are small and situ-
ated in the sand. The principal locality examined was near Skull Head.
No. 13C. — EagJe Hill, near IpsicicJi, Mass. — This locality is widely
known from the investigations made therein by Messrs. Morse, Putnam,
and other Massachusetts specialists.
The aboriginal shell beds are very extensive, and consist very largely
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 297
of shells of the Myaj or soft clam. The number of stoue iinplemeuts aud
of worked bone is, however, extremely small, much less than in the shell
heaps of Maine and JSlew Brunswick.
No locality on the coast perhaps furnishes so many fresh clams for
commercial purposes as the vicinity of Ipswich, ploughs being used for
turning them up. They are obtained by the thousands of barrels for
bait for codfish, aud the refuse shells constitute masses of enormous
magnitude.
]S^o. 14. — Xonamesset Island, near Naushonj Buzzard\s Bay. — This local-
ity is in the inner Hadley's Harbor, on Nick's Neck, the property of
Mr. John J\I. Forbes, and nearly opposite to Wood's Holl, Mass. The
heap is very extensive, covering quite an area of the beach, and abounds
in bones of the deer. The shells are principally soft clams {Mya,), with
a few quahaugs and pectens. The stone implements are extremely scarce.
No. 15. — Great Earhor, ^yood^s Holl, 2Iass. — Quite an interesting local-
ity exists on Long Neck, to the west of the guano factory. The deposit
covers about one hundred square yards to a depth of a foot. The shells
consist almost entirely of Crepidiila plana. Bones were very scanty, and
quite a notable jiroportion of these were of birds. Very few stone im-
plements were found.
No. 16. — Parker'' s Point, Wood's Roll. — On the east side of Parker's
Point, opposite the low, depressed portion, is quite an extensive bed of
almost entire clam-shells, the quahaug, or hard clam ( Venus mercenaria),
and but little broken. The locality covers al)out two hundred square
yards, to a depth of about two feet. No implements or bones of any
kind were ever found in this locality.
No. 17. — Quisset Harbor, on Buzzard's Bay, north of Wood''s Holl. —
Here the heai^s consisted entirely of shells of the quahaug. No bones
nor imidements of any kind were found.
No. 18. — Cataumet Harbor, Xorth Falmouth, Bnzzard''s Bay. — Here is
a very large deposit of quahaug shells, on a point in Squeteague Pond;
but no bones or implements.
No. 19. — Mud Core, back of Toby Island, north end of Buzzard's Bay. —
Here, as in the three preceding localities, the deposit consisted also ot
shells, without any bones or implements.
I have already referred to the abundance of bones of the great auk
in the shell heaps of New Brunswick and Maine. They also occur in
considerable numbers at Eagle Hill, near Ipswich. I do not remember
to have found any myself on Cape Cod, but am under the impression
that Professor Wyman reports them as discovered by him at Cotuit, on
Vineyard Sound. There is certainly a great scarcity of stone imple-
ments in the shell heaps of Southern Massachusetts, compared with
what we find farther north.
All the collections made by me at the localities mentioned in the
present paper are now in the National Museum.
298 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
lilST OF jyiARIIVE HIVVEBTESKATJES, MABj'VI.Y FROiTl THE 1VE1;V
EIVGIiAIVW COAST, DISTRBBBJTEW BY TBIE UNITEB STATES IVA-
TIONAt, MUSEUITI.
Series II.
Pp.eparkd by Eiciiard Rathbun.
The species enumerated in the present list were collected by the TJ.
S. Fish Commission, mainly during the past four years, and represent a
portion of the dui)licate material resulting from their sea-coast explora-
tions, and now available for distribution. Several of the species in-
cluded in these duplicate sets are recent additions to science, obtained
by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Fish Hawli, from the inner edge
of the Gulf Stream Slope, south of Martha's Vineyard, during the sum-
mers of 1880 and 1881. This region, which was first explored in 1880,
has proved to be the richest dredging ground yet discovered upon our
coast, both as regards variety of life and abundance of specimens.
Nearly all the species enumerated are included in each set, but of a
few species only enough duplicates were secured to sui)ply a i^ortion of
the sets. In the printed list to accompany each set sent out, the species
omitted from that set will be erased. Except where otherwise indicated,
the specimens are all preserved in alcohol. The sets will number about
one hundred. The Crustacea have been identified, for the most part, by
Prof. S. I. Smith, and most of the other species by Prof. A. E. Verrill.
The names are mainly those used in the Preliminary Check-list of the
Marine Invertebrata of the Atlantic Coast, by A. E. Verrill, edition of
1879. A considerable number of species that have since been described
are, however, here included.
Washington, D. C, November^ 1881.
CRUSTACEA.
DEC APOD A.
1. Gelasimus pugnax Smith.
U. S. F. C— Narragansett Bay, R. I., shore.
2. Platyonichus ocellatus Latr.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass., shore.
3. Platyonichus ocellatus Latr, Young.
U. S. F. C— Narragansett Bay, R. I.
4. Carcinus msenas Leach.
U. S. F. C— Newport, R. I., shore.
5. Panopeus Sayi Smith.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass., shore.
6. Cancer irroratus Say.
U. S. F. C. — Narragansett Bay, R. I.
7. Cancer irroratus Say.
U. S. F. C— Vineyard Sound, Mass.
8. Cancer irroratus Say. Young.
U. S. F. C— Narragansett Bay, R. I.
9. Hyas coarctatus Leach.
U. S. F. C— Gulf of Maine.
10. Hyas coarctatus Leach.
U. S. F. C— George's Bank, 45 fath.
11. Hyas coarctatus Leach.
U. S. F. C— Le Have Bank, 45 fath.
12. Libinia emarginata Leach.
U. S. F. C— Narragansett Bay, R. I.
13. Euprognatha rastellifera Stimp.
U. S. F. C. — 74 miles S. of Nantucket Island,
76 fath.
14. Hippa talpoida Say.
U. S. F. C. — Wood's Holl, Mass., shore.
15. Eupagurus pollicaris Stimp.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass.
16. Eupagurus pollicaris Stimp.
U. S. F. C— Narragansett Bay, R. I.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 299
17. Eupagurus longicarpus Stimp.
U. S. F. C— Narragausett Bay, R. I.
18. Parapagunis pilosimanus Smith.
U. S. F. C— 87 miles S. of Martha's Vine-
yard, 312 fath.
19. Muiiida, Sp.
U. S. F. C— 73 miles S. of Martha's Vine-
yard, ().^) fath.
20. HomariLS americauus Edwards.
U. S. F. C. — Southern coast of New Eng-
land.
21. Crangou vulgaris Fabr.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass.
22. Pontophilus brevirostris Smith.
U. S. F. C. — 73 miles S. of Martha's Vine-
yard, 65 fath.
23. Pandalu.s leptocerus Smith.
U. S. F. C— C« miles S. of Martha's Vine-
yard, 45 fath.
24. Palaemonetes ■vr.^lgaris Stimp.
U. S. F. C. — Narragausett Bay, R. I., shore.
SCHIZOPODA.
25. Mysis americana Smith.
U. S. F. C. — Vintryard Sound, Mass.
26. Thysanopoda norvegica M. Sars.
U. S. F. C. — Bay of Fundy, surface.
AMPHIPODA.
27. Orchestia agilis Smith.
U. S. F. C— Newport, R. I., shore.
28. Talorchestia longicornis Smith.
U. S. F. C. — New Haven, Conn., shore.
29. Garamarus natator Smith.
U. S. F. C— Wood's Holl, Mass.
30. Ptilocheirus pinguis Stimp.
U. S. F. C— Long I. Sd., off Noank, Conn.
31. Unciola irrorata Say.
U. S. F. C— Off Newport, R. I.
32. Themisto bispinosa Bceck.
U. S. F. C— 87 miles S. of Block Island, R.
I., 335 fath. (Stomach of Hake. )
ISOPODA.
33. Idotea robusta Kroyer.
U. S. F. C— Off Block Island, R. I., surface.
34. Ligia oceanica Fabr.
U. S. F. C. — Newport, R. I., shore.
35. .Sjga psora Kroyer.
U. S. F. C. — Oft' Nova Scotia, on cod and
halibut.
ENTOMOSTRACA.
36. Artemia gracilis Verrill.
U. S. F. C. — New Haven, Conn., salt vats.
37. Temora longicornis Miiller.
U. S. F. C. — Block Island Sound, surface.
CIRRIPEDIA.
38. Lepas fascicularis Ellis and Sol.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass., sur-
face.
39. Lepas anatifera Linn.
U. S.F. C— 100 miles oft' Martha's Vine-
yard, surface.
40. Balanus balanoides Stimp.
U. S. F. C. — New Haven, Conn., shore.
41. Balanus porcatus Costa.
U. S. F. C— Off Chatham, Mass., 16 fath.
42. Balanus Hameri Darwin.
U. S. F. C— Off Chatham, Mass., 16 fath.
MEROSTOMATA.
43. Limulus Polyphemus Latr. Dry.
U. S. F. C. — Southern New England, shore.
ANNELIDA.
CHiETOPODA.
44. Aphrodita aculeata Linnd.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 150 to
21(5 fath.
45. Laetmatonice arniata Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 140 to
400 fath.
46. Lepidonotus squamatus Leach.
U. S. F. C— Eastport, Me.
47. Lepidonotus squamatus Leach.
U. S. F. C— Vineyard Sound, Mass., 8 to
1-2 fath.
48. Harmothoe imbricata Malmgreu.
U. S. F. C— Eastport, Me.
49. Nephthys incisa Mgn.
U. S.F. C— Off Newport, R. I., 12 to 40
fath.
50. Nephthys incisa Mgn.
U. S. F. C— Off Cape Cod, 10 to 50 fath.
51. Nephthys caeca Johnst.
U. S. F. C— Cape Ann, Mass., shore.
52. Nereis virens Malmgreu.
U. S. F. C. — New Haven, Conn., shore.
53. Nereis pelagica Linn6.
U. S. F. C— Vineyard Sound, Mass.
54. Nereis pelagica Linnd.
U. S. F. C— Off Chatham, Mass., 15 to 40
foth.
55. Hyalincecia artifex Verrill.
U. S. F. C— 90 miles S. of Martha's Vine-
yard, IGO to 388 fath.
oOO PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
56. Hyalincecia artifex Verrill.
U. S. F. C— 78 miles S. of Martha's Vine-
yard, 192 fath.
57. HyalincEcia artifex Verrill. Dry.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 160
to 388 fath.
58. Euglycera dibranchiata Ver.
U. S. F. C. — Newport, R. I., shore.
59. Clymenella torquata VerriU.
U. S. F. ('. — Newport, R. I., shore.
€0. Cirratulus grandis Verrill.
U. S F. C. — Naushon Island, Mass., shore.
€1. Trophonia afllnis Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off Newport, R. I.
62. Sternaspis fossor Stimp.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 20 to
100 fath.
63. Amphitrite ornata Verrill.
U. S. F. C. — Naushon Island, Mass., shore.
64. Thelepus cincinnatus Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Bay of Fundy.
65. Thelepus cincinnatus Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off Chatham, Mass., 16 to 40
fath.
66. Potamilla reniformis Mgn.
U. S. F. C— Off Chatham, Mass., 16 to 40
fath.
67. Filigrana implexa Berkeley.
U. S. F. C— Off Chatham, Mass., 16 to 40
fath.
GEPHYREA.
68. Phascolosoma Gouldii Dies.
U. S. F. C. — Newport, R. I., shore.
69. Phascolion Strombi Theel.
U. S. F. C— Narragansett Bay, R. I., 10 to
20 fath,
70. Phascolion Strombi Theel.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 40 to
150 fath.
CHiETOGNATHA.
71. Sagitta elegans Verrill.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass., sur-
face.
MOLLUSCA.
CEPHALOPODA.
72. Loligo Pealei Lesueur.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass.
73. Loligo Pealei Lesueur. Young.
U. S. F, C. — Buzzard's Bay., Mass., 7 fath.
74. Loligo Pealei Lesueur. Young.
U. S. F. C— Off Newport, R. I., 10 to 20
fath.
75. Loligo Pealei Lesueur. Eggs.
U. S. F. C. — Narragansett Bay, R. I.
76. Heteroteuthis tenera Verrill.
U.S.F.C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 85 to
225 fath.
77. Octopus Bairdii Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off' Martha's Vineyard, 200 to
388 fath.
GASTROPODA.
78. Fulgur carica Conrad. Dry.
U. S. F. C— Narragansett Bay, R. I.
79. Fulgur carica Conrad.
U. S. F. C— Narragansett Bay, R. I.
80. SycotypuscanaliculatusGill. Dry.
U. S. F. C. — Southern New England.
81. Sycotypus canaliculatus Gill.
U. S. F. C— New Haven, Conn.
82. Neptunea propinqua (Alder).
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 65 to
300 fath.
83. Neptunea (Siphonella) pygmsea
Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 65 to
150 fath.
84. Neptunea Stimpsoni var. (Morch).
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 40 to
100 fath.
85. Buccinum undatum Linn6.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, Mass.,
28 to 40 fath.
86. Tritia trivittata H. and A. Adams.
U. S. F. C— Off Newport, R. I.
87. Ilyanassa obsoleta Stimp.
U. S. F. C— Newport, R. I., shore.
88. Urosalpinx cinerea Stimp.
U. R. F. C— Newport, R. I., shore.
89. Eupleura caudata Stimp.
U. S. F. C. — Buzzard's Bay, Mass.
90. Purpura lapillus Lamarck.
U. S. F. C— Newport, R. I., shore.
91. Astyris lunata (Say) Dall.
U. S. F. C— Wood's Holl, Mass.
92. Anachis avara (Say). Perk.
U. S. F. C— Wood's Holl, Mass.
93. Lunatia heros H. & A. Adams. Dry.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass.
94. Neverita duplicata Stimp. Dry.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 301
95. Cingula Jan-Mayeiii (Fr.) Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 238 to
500 fath.
96. Littorina littorea Menke.
U. S. F. C— Newport, R. I., sliore.
97. Littorina palliata Gould.
U. S. F. C— Newport, R. I., shore.
98. Littorina rudis Gould.
U. S. F. ('. — Newport, R. I., shore.
99. Bittium nigrum (Totten) Stimp.
U. S. F. C— Wood's Holl, Mass.
100. Crepidula fornioata Lam.
U. S. F. C— Buzzard's Bay, Mass.
101. Crepidula convexa Say. Dry.
U. S. F. C— Off Newport, E. I.'
102. Crepidula plana Say.
U. S. F. C— Off Newport, R. I.
103. Acmasa testudinalis Han.
U. S. F. C. — Eastport, Me., shore.
104. Fiona nobUis Aid. & Han.
U. S. F. C. — Off Martha's Vineyard, sur-
face.
105. Pleurobranchia tarda Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off' Martha's Vineyard, G5 to
200 fath.
106. Scaphander puncto-striatus (Mi-
ghels).
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 115 to
372 fath.
107. Melampus lineatus Say.
U. S. F. C— Newport, R. I., shore.
108. Trachydermon ruber Carp.
U. S. F. C— Eastport, Me.
109. Trachydermon albus Carp.
U. S. F. C— Eastport, Me.
SOLENOCONCHA.
110. Dentalium striolatum Stimp.
U. S. F. C— Eastport, Me., 10 to 30 fath.
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
111. Teredo megotara Hanky.
U. S.F. C— Oft' Martha's Vineyard, sur-
face.
112. CUdiophora trilineata Carp. Dry,
U. S. F. C. — Buzzard's Bay, Mass., 7 fath.
113. Mulinia lateralis Gray. Young.
U. S. F. C— Narragansett Bay, R. I.
114. Callista convexa H. & A. Ad, Dry.
U. S. F. C. — Buzzard's Bay, Mass.
115. Tottenia gemma Perkins. Dry.
U. S. F. C. — Provincetown, Mass., shore.
116. Cyprina islandica Lam. Dry.
U. S. F. C— Off Newport, R. I.
117. Loripes lens Verrill & Smith.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 85 to
120 fath.
118. Venericardia borealis Carp.
U. S. F. C— Off Newport, R. I., 13 to 15 fath.
119. Astarte undata Gould.
U. S. F. C— Narragansett Bay, R. I., 20 to
27 fath.
120. Astarte crenata Gray.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 100 to
3i)5 lath.
121. Nucula proxima Say. Dry.
U. S. F. C. — Narragansett Bay, R. I.
122. Nucula proxima Say.
U. S. F. C— Buzzard's Bay, Mass.
123. Yoldia limatula Woodward.
U. S. F. C— Narragansett Bay, R. L, 11
fath.
124. Yoldia sapotilla Stimp.
U. S. F. C— 76 miles S. of Martha's Vine-
yard, lot) lath.
125. Yoldia thraciformis (Storer) Stimp.
U. S. F. C— Gulf of Maine, 50 to 100 fath.
126. Scapharca transversa Ad. Dry.
U. S. F. C— Off New Haven, Conn.
127. Limopsis minuta (Phil.).
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 238 to
365 fath.
128. Modiola modiolus Tnrton.
U. S. F. C. — Eastport Harbor, Maine.
129. Modiola pUcatula Lam.
U. S. F. C— Newport, R. L, shore.
130. Mytilus edulis Linn.
U. S. F. C. — Newport, E. I., shore.
131. Pecten irradians Lam.
U. S. F. C. — Provincetown, Mass., shore.
132. Pecten tenuicostatus Mighels.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 45 fath.
133. Pecten tenuicostatus Mighels. Dry.
U. S. F. C— Off Newport, R. I.
134. Pecten vitreus Woodward.
U. S.F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 300
to 458 fath.
135. Anomia glabra Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Buzzard's Bay, Mass., 5 fath.
TUNICATA.
136. Ascidiopsis complanata Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Eastport Harbor, Me., 15 fath.
302 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
137. Ciona oceUata Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Newport, R. I., shore.
138. Molgula manhattensis Verrill.
U. S. F. C. — Wood's IIoll, Mass., shore.
139. Halocynthia partita Verrill.
U. S. F C. — Newport, R. I., s-hore.
140. Halocynthia pyriformis Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Eastport, Me.
141. Boltenia Bolteni (Liun6.)
U. S. F. C— Eastport Harbor, Me., 15 fath.
142. Peropliora viridis Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Wood's Holl, Mass., shore.
143. Botryllus Gouldii Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Newport Harbor, R. I.
144. Botryllus Gouldii Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Wood's Holl, Mass.
145. Amorcecium pellucidum Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Vineyard Sound, Mass.
146. Amorcecium stellatum VerriU.
U. S. F. C— Vineyard Sound, Mass.
147. AmorcEcium constellatum Verrill.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass.
148. Leptoclinum albidum. Verrill.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass.
149. Salpa Caboti Desor.
U. S. F. C— Oil' Newport, R. I., surface.
150. Salpa. (Large species.)
U. S. F. C— Ofi' Martha's Vineyard, sur-
face.
MOLLUSCOIDA.
BRACHIOPODA.
151. Terebratulina septentrionalis Gr.
U. S. F. C— Eastport Harbor, Me., 15 fath.
POLYZOA.
152. Bugfula turrita Verrill.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass.
153. Bugula Murrayana Busk.
U. S. F. C— Off Cape Cod, Mass.
154. Gemellaria loricata Busk.
U. S. F. C— Off Cape Cod, Mass.
155. Electra pilosa Fisch.
U. S. F. C. — Narragansett Bay, R. I.
156. Lepralia americana Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Newport Harbor, R. I.
157. Discopora ziitida Verrill.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass.
Dry.
ECHINODERMATA.
HOLOTHURIOIDEA.
158. Tliyone Briareus Selenka.
U. S. F. C— Wood's Holl, Mass., shore.
159. Leptosynapta Girardii Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Newport, R. I., shore.
ECHINOIDEA.
160. Schizaster fragilis (Dub. & Kor.)
Dry.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 100 to
258 fath.
161. Echinarachnius parma Gray. Dry.
U. S. F. C— Cape Cod Bay, Mass.
162. Strongyloceiitrotus drobachien-
sis A. Aj,.
U. S. F. C— Off Newport, R. I.
163. Arbacia punctulata Gray.
U. S. F. C. — Newport Harbor, R. I., shore.
ASTERIOIDEA.
164. Asterias Forbesii Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Newport, R. I., shore.
165. Asterias vulgaris Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 20 to
50 fath.
166. Asterias steUionura Perrier.
U. S. F. C— Off Nova Scotia, 90 to 200 fath.
167. Leptasterias compta Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off Block Id., R. I., 27 fath.
168. Leptasterias compta Vei-rill.
U. S. F. C.— Off Martha's Vineyard, 25 to
55 fath.
169. Stephanasterias albula Verrill.
U. S. F. C— SO miles off Nantucket, 94 fath.
170. Hippasteria phrygiana Ag. Dry.
U. S. F. C— Gulf of Maine, 50 to 100 fath.
171. Cribrella sanguinolenta Liitk.
U. S. F. C— Bay of Fundy, 10 to 20 fath.
172. — Odontaster hispidus Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off" Martha's Vineyard, 70 to
200 fath.
173. Ctenodiscus crispatus D. and Kor.
U. S. F. C— Massachusetts Bay,
174. Archaster americanus Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard.
175. Archaster Agassizii Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard.
176. Archaster Florae Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off Mitrtha's Vineyard, 200 to
350 fath.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 303
OPHIUROIDEA.
177. Ophiopholis aculeata Gray.
U. S. F. C— Gulf of Maine.
178. Ophiopholis aculeata Gray.
U. S. F. C— Off iNIartha's Viueyard, 130 to
200 fatb.
179. Ophioglypha Sarsii Lyman.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, Mass.,
45 fiitb.
180. Ophioglypha Sarsii Lym. Dry.
U. S. F. C— Off xMartha's Vineyard, Mass.
181. Ophioscolex glacialis M. & Tr.
U. S. F. C— Off' Martha's Vineyard, 200 to
258 fath.
182. Ophiocnida olivacea Lyman.
U.S.F.C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 85 to
125 fath.
183. Ophiacantha millespina Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off' Martha's Vineyard, 130 to
260 fath.
184. Amphiura maoilenta Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 61 fath.
185. Astrophyton Agassizii Stimp.
U. S. F. C— Off Cape Cod, Mass., 20 to 30
lath.
186. A.stropliytoii Agassizii Stimp.
Drj-.
U. S. F,C.— Off Cape Cod, 20 to 30 fath.
CRINOIDEA.
187. Antedon dentatum (Say) Verrill.
(= Sarsii D. & K.)
U. S. F. C. — 75 miles S. of Nantucket, 146
fath.
188. Antedon dentatum (Say) V. (=
Sarsii D. & K.)
U.'S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 183 to
258 fath.
CCELENTERATA.
ANTHOZOA.
189. Pennatula aculeata Dan.
U. S. F. C. — 82 miles S. of Martha's Vine-
yard, 202 fath.
190. Renilla reiiiformis.
U. S. F. C— Beaufort, N. C.
191. Acanella Normani Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard.
192. Alcyonium carneum Ag.
U. S. F. C— Off Cape Cod, 20 to 25 fath.
193. Metridiuni marginatum Edw. &.H.
U. S. F. C— Newport, 11. 1., shore.
194. Sagartia abys.sicola Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 100 to
300 fath.
195. Urticina nodosa Verrill.
U. S. F. C— 80 miles S. of Martha's Vine-
yard, 160 fath.
196. Halocampa producta Stimp.
U. S. F. C— Newport, R. I., shore.
197. Epizoanthus americanus Verrill.
U. S. F. C— 75 miles S. of Martha's Vine-
yard, 86 fath.
198. Epizoanthus paguriphila Verrill.
U. S. F. C— 87 miles S. of Martha's Vine-
yard, 312 fath.
HYDROIDEA.
199. Obelia geniculata Hincks.
U.S.F.C— Off Newport, R. L, 13 fath.
200. Sertularella triciispidata Hincks.
U. S. F. C— Georo-e's Bank, 30 to 50 fath.
201. Sertularia cupressina Linn6.
U. S. F. C— Off Nova Scotia.
202. Sertularia pumila Linn6.
U. S. F. C— New Haven, Conn.
203. Diphasia fallax Agassiz.
U. S. F. C— Eastport Harbor, Me., 15 fath.
204. Grlobiceps tiarella Ayres.
U. 8. F. C— Newport Harbor, R. I.
PORIFERA.
SILICEA.
205. Microcionaprolifera Verrill. Dry.
U. S. F. C— New Haven, Conn.
206. Microcionaprolifera Verrill. Dry.
U. S. F. C— Wood's Holl, Mass.
207. Cliona sulphurea Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Narragansett Bay,R. I., 4 fath.
208. Suberites compacta Verrill.
U. S. F. C. — MassaohusettT Bay.
209. Tethya gravata Hyatt.
U. S. F. C. — Buzzard's Bay, Mass., 5 fath.
PROTOZOA.
RHIZOPODA.
210. Astrorhiza areuacea. (Sch.)
U. S. F. C— Off Block Island, R. I., 28 fath.
304 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
I.I!!)T OF IflARIIVX: IIVVE:RT£BRATE8 FROITI THF ViMW FIVCir.AIVD
COAST, DISTRIBUTFD BV THF UiVlTEU STATES IVATIOIVAIj
inusEUiTi.
Series III. — Educational Series.
Prepared by Richard Ratiibux.
The United States National Museum, having received frequent appli-
cations for collections representing the principal groups of marine in-
vertebrate animals occurring upon our coast, and suitable for class
demonstration, in connection with zoological lectures, has prepared fifty
collections of this character, for distribution the present winter. The
specimens necessary for this undertaking have been selected from among
the duplicates accumulated by the United States Fish Commission, in
their explorations of the New England coast, and, therefore, represent
only those groups which occur more or less abundantly in the waters
of that region. At the present time, it is impossible to enlarge these
sets, as many of the representative species, which it would be desirable
to include in them, are of too rare occurrence, and have been collected
only in small numbers.
The sijecimens are all i^reserved in alcohol, unless otherwise indicated
in the list, and each set contains all the species enumerated.
Washington, D. C, November, 1881.
CRUSTACEA.
DBCAPODA.
1. Gelasimus pugnax Suiitli.
Fiddler Crab.
U. S. F. C. — New Haveu, Coun., shore.
2. Callinectes hastatus Ordway.
Blue Crab ; Edible Crab.
U. S. F. C— Chesapeake Bay.
3. Cancer irroratus Say.
Rock Crab.
U. S. F. C. — Viueyard Sound, Mass.
4. Libinia emarginata Leach.
Spider Crab.
U. S. F. C. — Viueyard Souud, Mass.
5. Euprognatha rastellifera Stimp.
U. S. F. C— 74 miles S. of Nantucket Id.,
76 fath.
6. Hippa talpoida Say.
Sand Bug; Bait Bug.
U. S. F. C— Wood's Holl, Mass., shore.
7. Eupagurus pollicaiis Stimp.
Hermit Crab.
U. S. F. C. — New Haven, Conn.
8. Eupagurus longicarpus Stimp.
Hermit Crab.
U. S. F, C— Narragansett Bay, R. I., 5 to
15 fath.
9. Parapagurus pilosimauus Smith.
Hairy-clawed Hermit Crab.
U. S. F. C— 87 miles S. of Martha's Vine-
yard, 312 fath.
10. Muuida, sp.
U. S. F. C. — 7:3 miles S. of Martha's Vine-
yard, 65 fath.
11. Homarus americanus Edw.
American Lobster.
U. S. F. C. — New England coast.
12. Crangon vulgaris Fabr.
Common Shrimp.
U. S. F. C— Narragausett Bay, R. I,
13. Pandalus leptocerus Smith.
Deep-water Prawn.
U. S. F. C— 60 miles S. of Martha's Vine-
yard, 45 fath.
14. Palaemonetes vulgaris Stimp.
Common Prawn.
U. S. F. C— Narragansett Bay, R. I.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 305
SCHIZOPODA.
15. Thysanopoda norvegica M. Sars.
Surface Shrimp.
U. S. F. C. — Bay of Fundy, surface.
AMPHIPODA.
16. Orchestia agilis Smith.
Sand Flea; Beach Flea.
U.S-F.C— Newport, R. I., shore.
17. Talorchestia longicornis Smith.
Large Sand Flea.
U. S. F. C. — New Haven, Conn., shore.
18. Ptilocheirus pinguis Stimp.
U. S. F. C— Long Id. Sd., off Noauk, Conn.
ISOPODA.
19. Idotea robusta Kroyer.
U. S. F. C— Off Block Id., R. I., surface.
20. Ligia oceanica Fabr.
U. S. F. C. — Newport, R. I., shore.
ENTOMOSTRACA.
21. Artemia gracilis Verrill.
Brine Shrimp.
U. S. F. C. — New Haven, Conn.
22. Temora longicornis Miiller.
Menhaden feed.
U. S. F. C— Block Id. Sound, surface.
CIRRIPEDIA.
23. Lepas fascicularis Ellis and Sol.
Clear Goose Barnacle.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass., sur-
face.
24. Lepas anatifera Linn.
Goose Barnacle.
U. S. F. C— 100 miles off Martha's Vine-
yard, surface.
25. Balanus balanoides Stimp. Dry.
Rock Barnacle ; Acorn Shell.
U. S. F. C. — New Haven, Conn., shore.
MEROSTOMATA.
26. Limulus Polyphemus Latr. Dry.
King Crab; Horse-shoe Crab.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass., shore.
ANNELIDA.
CHiETOPODA.
27. Lepidonotus squamatus Kinb.
U. S. F. C. —Bay of Fundy.
28. Laetmatonice armata Verrill.
U. S. F. C. —Off Martha's Vineyard, 100-
200 fath.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 20
S9. Nephthys caeca Johnst.
U. S. F. C. — Cape Ann, Mass., shore.
30. Nereis virens Malmgr«n.
Clam Worm ; Bait Worm.
U. S. F. C— Newport, R. I., shore.
31. Hyalinoecia artifex Verrill.
Deep Sea, Tube-dwelling Worm.
U.S.F. C— 80 miles off Martha's Vine-
yard, 192 fath.
32. Hyalincecia artifex Verrill. Dry.
(Tubes only).
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, Mass.,
about 200 fath.
GEPHYREA.
33. Phasoolosoma Gouldii Dies.
(SiPJNCULoiD Worm.)
U. S. F. C. — Newport, R. I., shore.
34. Phascolion Strombi Theel.
(SiPUNCULoiD Worm.)
U. S. F. C— Narragausett Bay, R. L, 16
fath.
CHiETOGNATHA.
35. Sagitta elegans Verrill.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sd., Mass., surface.
MOLLTJSCA.
CEPHALOPODA.
36. Loligo Pealei Lesueur.
Squid.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass.
37. Loligo Pealei Lesueur. Eggs.
Squid.
U. S. F. C. — Narragansett Bay, R. I.
GASTROPODA.
38. Buccinum undatum Liun.
Whelk.
U. S. F. C. — Eastport, Me., shore.
39. Tritia trivittata H. & A. Ad.
U. S. F. C— Off Newport, R. I.
40. Ilyanassa obsoleta Stimpson.
Black Mud-snail.
U. S. F. C. — Gloucester, Mass., shore.
41. Purpura lapillus Lamarck.
Purple.
U. S. F. C. — Barnstable, Mass., shore.
42. Littorina littorea Menke.
Periwinkle.
U. S. F. C. — Gloucester, Mass., shore.
43. Littorina palliata Gould.
Small Periwinkle.
U. S. F. C. — Gloucester, Mass., shore.
lUarch 8, 1883.
306 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
44. Crepidula fornicata Lam. Dry.
Double-Decker ; Boat Shell.
U. S. F. C. — New Haven, Conn.
45. Trachydermon albus Carp.
U. S. F. C. — Eastport, Me.
46. Acmaea testudinalis Han.
Limpet.
U. S. F. C— Eastport, Me., shore.
47. Melampus lineatus Say.
Salt-marsh Snail.
U. S. F. C— Newport, R. I., shore.
SOLENOCONCHA.
48. Dentalium striolatum Stimp.
U. S. F. C. —Eastport, Me.
LAMBLLIBRANCHIATA.
49. Mya arenaria Linn.
Long Clam.
U. S. F. C— Gloucester, Mass., shore.
50. Clidiophora trilineata Carp. Dry
U. S. F. C— Buzzard's Bay, Mass., 7 fath.
51. Mulinia lateralis Gray. Young.
U. S. F. C— Narragansett Bay, R. I.
52. Venus mercenaria Linn.
Round Clam ; Quahog.
U. S. F. C— Southern New England.
53. Tottenia gemma Perkins. Dry.
U. S. F. C— Provincetown, Mass., shore.
54. Nucula proxima Say. .
U. S. F. C— Narragansett Bay, R. I.
55. Mytilus edulis Linn.
Common Mussel.
U. S. F. C— Newport, R. I., piles of
wharves.
56. Modiola modiolus Turton.
Horse Mussel.
U. S. F. C— Eastport, Me., shore.
57. Modiola plicatula Lamarck.
Ribbed Mussel.
U. S. F. C— Newport, R. I., shore.
58. Pecten irradians Lam.
Common Scollop.
U. S. F. C— Buzzard's Bay, Mass.
59. Pecten tenuicostatus Mighels.
Smooth Scollop.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 45 fath.
60. Pecten tenuicostatus Mighels. Dry.
Smooth Scollop.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard.
61. Anomia glabra Verrill.
Silver-shell; Gold-shell; Jingle-
shell.
U. S. F. C— Buzzard's Bay, Mass., 5 fath.
62. Ostrea Virginiana Lister. Dry.
Oyster.
U. S. F. C. — Chesapeake Bay.
TUNICATA.
63. Ascidiopsis complanata Verrill.
Sea Potato.
U. S. F. C— Eastport Harbor, Me., 15 fath.
64. Molgula manhattensis Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Race Point, Cape Cod, Mass.,
shore.
65. Halocynthia partita Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Wood's Holl, Mass., shore.
66. Boltenia Bolteni (Linn.)
Stemmed Sea-peach.
U. S. F. C— Eastport Harbor, Me., 15 fath.
67. Botryllus Gouldii Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Newport Harbor, R. I.
68. Amorcecium pellucidum Verrill.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass.
69. Amorcecium stellatum Verrill.
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass.
70. Amorcecium constellatum Verrill,
U. S. F. C. — Vineyard Sound, Mass.
71. Leptoclinum albidum Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Vineyard Sound, Mass., 14 fath.
72. Salpa Caboti Desor.
U. S. F. C— Off Newport, R. L, surface.
MOLLUSCOIDA.
BRACHIOPODA.
73. Terebratulina septentrionalis Gray.
Lamp Shell.
U. S. F. C— Eastport Harbor, Me., 15 fath,
POLYZOA.
74. Bugula turrita Verrill.
U. S. F. C. — Narragansett Bay, R. I., 4
fath.
75. Electra pilosa Fisch.
U. S. F. C. — Narragansett Bay, R. I.
76. Lepralia americana Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Newport Harbor, R. I.
ECHINODERMATA.
HOLOTHURIOIDEA.
77. Thyone Briareus Selenka.
Sea-cucumber.
U. S. F. C— Wood's Holl, Mass., shore.
ECHINOIDEA.
78. Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis
A. Ag.
Common Sea-urchin; Green Sea
EGG.
U. S. F. C— Off Newport, R. I.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 307
79. Arbacia puiictulata Gray.
Purple Sea-ukchix.
U. S. F. C— Newport Harbor, R. I., shore.
80. Echinarachnius parma Gray. Dry.
Saxd-dollar.
U. S. F. C— Cape Cod Bay, Mass.
ASTERIOIDEA.
81. Asterias Forbesii Verrill.
Green Star-fish.
U. S. F. C— Newport, R. I., shore.
82. Leptasterias compta Verrill.
U. S. F. C— 18 miles S. E. of Block Island,
R.I.,27fath.
83. CtenodiscuS crispatus D. and Kor.
Velvet Star.
U. S. F. C. — Massachusetts Bay.
84. Archaster americanus Verrill.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, Mass.,
about 200 fath.
OPHIUROIDEA.
85. Ophiopholis aculeata Gray.
Variegated Serpent-star.
U. S. F. C— Gulf of Maine.
86. Ophioglypha Sarsii Lyman.
Sars' Serpent-star.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 45 fath.
87. Ophioglypha Sarsii Lyman. Dry.
Sars' Serpent-star.
U. S. F. C— Oft' Martha's Vineyard, Mass.,
about 200 fath.
88. Astrophyton Agassizii Stimp.
Basket-fish.
U. S. F. C. —Off Cape Cod, Mass.
CRINOIDEA.
89. Antedon dentatum (say ) V. (= Sarsii
D. & K.). See No. 187, page 303.)
Feather Star.
U. S. F. C— 75 miles S. of Nantucket, 146
fath.
COSLENTERATA.
ANTHOZOA.
90. Pennatula aculeata Dan.
Spiny Sea-feather.
U. S. F. C— 82 miles S. Of Martha's Vine-
yard, 202 fath.
91. Acanella Normani Verrill.
Jointed Bush-coral.
U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, about
200 fath.
92. Primnoa reseda Verrill.
Bush-coral.
U. S. F. C. — Fishing Banks, off Nova Sco-
tia.
93. Urticina nodosa Verrill.
Warty Sea-rose.
U. S. F. C— 80 miles S. of Martha's Vine-
yard, 160 fath.
94. Epizoanthus americanus Verrill.
U. S. F. C— 75 miles S. of Martha's Vine-
yard, 86 fath.
95. Epizoanthus paguriphila Verrill.
U. S. F. C— 87 miles S. of Martha's Vine-
yard, 86 fath.
HYDROIDEA.
96. Obelia geniculata Hincks.
U. S. F. C— Off Block Island, R. L, 13 fath.
97. Diphasia fallax Agassiz.
U. S. F. C. — Eastport Harbor, Me., 15 fath
98. Globiceps tiarella Ayres.
U. S. F. C— Newport Harbor, R. I.
PO.RIFERA.
SILICEA.
99. Chalina oculata Bowerb. Dry.
Finger-sponge.
U. S. F. C— Narragansett Bay, R. I.
100. Suberites compacta Verrill. Dry.
U. S. F. C— Buzzard's Bay, Mass.
101. Cliona sulphurea Verrill.
Boring Sponge.
U. S. F. C— Buzzard's Bay, Mass.
PROTOZOA.
RHIZOPODA.
102. Astrorhiza arenacea (Sch.)
U. S. F. C— 20 miles S. E. of Block Island,
R.L,28fath.
308 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
CATAr.oouc: of a coli,ectio]v of japaivese woods presented
TO TI9E UNITED STATES NATIOJVAti MUSElTitl BY THE UNIVEKSIT V
OF TOKIO, JAPAN.
The collection of woods recently presented to the National Museum
by the University of Tokio, a catalogue of which is herewith presented,
has been prepared in a very unique and artistic manner. Each kind of
wood is represented by a polished panel about 9 by 12 inches in dimen-
sion, upon which are painted, in color, accurate delineations of the
leaves, flowers, and fruit of the tree. Each panel is framed between
strips of wood sawn from the outer portion of the tree, and covered
with bark provided with corner pieces, which are round blocks cut
transversely from branches an inch or more in diameter. The catalogue
of this collection has been prepared by Mr. Lester F. Ward, who has
supplied the modern apjjroved names for such si^ecies as are labeled
with the older synonyms. In a few cases no authority could be found
for the name given, while in others the species are not named and have
been provisionally determined.
MAGNOLIACE^.
1. Illicium anisatum, L.
2. Magnolia hypoleuca, Sieb. & Zucc.
BIXINE^.
3. Idesia polycarpaj Maxim.
TERNSTRCEMIACE^.
4. Eurya Japonica, Thunb.
5. Stuartia monadelplia, Sieb. & Zucc.
6. Camellia Managua, Thunb.
7. Camellia Japonica, L.
MALVACE^.
8. Hibiscus Syriacus, L.
TILIACE^.
9. Tilia Mandschurica, Maxim.
RUTACE^.
10. Xanthoxylum piperitiim, DC.
11. Citrus trifoliata, L.
12. Citrus vulgarise^), Kiss.
SIMARUBE^.
13. Picrasma ailanthoides, Planch.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 309
MELIACEJE.
14. 3felia Azedarach, Adans.
15. Ilex Sieholdi (?).
16. Ilex Integra, Thunb.
17. Ilex crenata, Thunb.
ILICINE^.
CELASTRINE^.
18. Euonymus Sieboldianus, Bkiiu.
EHAMNE^.
19. Zlzyphus vulgaris, Lam.
20. Hovenia dulcis, Thunb.
SAPINDACE^.
21. ^sculus tnrbinata (?).
22. Sajnndus Mucorossi, Gaertn.
23. Acer palmatum, Thunb.
24. Acer sjncatum (?), Lam.
ANACARDIACE^
25. BJius semialata, Murr.
26. Rhus succedanea, L.
27. Rhus vemicifera, DC.
LEGUMINOSJEJ.
28. Sopliora Japonica (?), L.
29. Gleditschia Sinensis, Lam.
[G. Japonica, Lodd.]
30. Albizzia Julibrissin, Durazz.
ROSACEA.
31. Prunus Persica, Benth. & Hook.
[Amygdalus Persica, L.J
32. Prunus Mume, Sieb. & Zucc.
33. Prunus ssiori{%), Fr.
34. Prunus Japonica, Thunb. (1.)
35. Prunus Japonica, Thunb. (2.)
36. Prunus pseudo-cerasus, Steud.
37. Prunus suhMrtella (?).
38. Pirus CJiinensis, Roxb.
39. Pirus communis, L., [var. Sinensis'^.].
40. Phoiinia Japonica, Benth. & Hook.
41. Photinia glabra, Maxim.
310 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
CORNACE^.
42. Cornus officinalis, Sieb. & Zucc.
43. Cor mis hrachypoda, C. A. Mey.
CAPRIFOLIACEJE.
44. Sambucus racemosa, L.
EBENACE^.
45. Diospyros Kahi, L.
46. Diospyros Lotus^ L.
STYRACE^.
47. Styrax Japonicum, Sieb. & Zucc.
OLEACE^.
48. Olea Aquifolium, Thunb.
49. Olea fragrans, Thunb.
50. Ligustrum Ihota, Sieb. & Zucc.
51. Ligustrum Japonicum, Thunb.
SCROPHULARINE^.
52. Paulownia imperialis, Sieb. & Zucc.
GESNERACEJE.
53. Bidymocarpus Japonicus, Benth. & Hook.
[Eotlera Japonica Spreng.J
YERBENACE^.
54. Vitex cannahi folia, Sieb. & Zucc.
55. Clerodendron trichotomum, Thunb.
LAURINE^.
56. Cinnamomum Loureirii, Nees.
EL^AGNACE^.
57. Elceagnus pungens, Thunb.
URTICACE^.
58. Zelliova acuminata, Planch.
[Planera Kaki, hort. 1
[Zelkowa KeaU (I).]
59. Celtis Sinensis, Pers.
60. Aphananthe aspera, Planch.
61. Morns alba, L.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 311
JUGLANDE^.
62. Juglans Sieholdiana, Maxim.
63. Juglans Mandehourica, Maxim.
64. Pterocarya rhoifoUa, Sieb. & Zucc.
CUPULIFER^.
65. Alnus maritima, Nutt.
60. Alnus incana, L.
67. Quercus dentataj Thiiub.
68. Quercus glandulifera, Blume.
69. Quercus serrata^ Thunb.
70. Quercus glabra, Thiiub.
71. Quercus acuta, Thunb. (1.)
72. Quercus acuta, Thunb. (2.)
73. Quercus glauca, Thunb.
74. Quercus euspidata, Thunb.
75. Castanea vulgaris, Lam.
SALI0INEJE3.
76. Salix Biirgeriana (I).
CONIFERS.
77. Thuya squarrosa, Benth «& Hook.
[Retinospora squarrosa, Sieb. & Zucc]
[Thuyopsis squarrosa (?).]
78. Thuya oriental is, L.
[Biota orientalis, Don.]
79. Thuya ohtusa, Mill.
[Retinospora. ohtusa, Sieb. & Zucc]
[Ghamcvcyparis ohtusa, Endl.]
80. Thuya pisifera, Benth. «& Hook.
[Retinospora pisifera, Sieb. & Zucc]
[Chamcecyparis pisifera, Endl.]
81. Thuya plumosa, Benth. & Hook.
[Chamcecyparis sp.]
82. Grypiomeria Japonica, Don.
83. Torreya nucifera, Sieb. & Zucc.
84. GinTcgo hiloha, L.
85. Pinus Koraiensis, Sieb. & Zucc
86. Pmws j9arr(;^orflf-, -Sieb. & Zucc
87. Pimis densifora, Sieb. & Zucc
88. Pinus Thunhergii, Parlat.
89. Ahies firma, Sieb. & Zucc
PALMACE^.
90. Ghama^rops excelsa, Thunb.
312 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
A rAKTIAl, BIB£,IOORAPIIir OF THE FI8HE8 OF THF PACIFIC
COAST OF THE UNITED STATES A1VI> OF AliASKA, FOR THE
YEAR ISSO.
By TARLETON H. BEAN.
We have, in Bulletin 11 of the United States National Museum, a
bibliography of the fishes of the Pacific coast of the United States,
brought up to the end of 1879, by Prof. Theodore Gill. There was,
however, such great activity of publication during 1880 on the fishes of
the same waters that I have collected the titles of papers in the princi-
pal works referring to the region, in order to make them immediately
available in conjunction with the Bulletin already printed.
The titles are arranged, for the most part, strictly in the order of
their publication; in a few cases, however, this order was not ascer-
tained, and they are simply placed with those pubbshed in the same
month.
1879 — Description of a new fisli from Alaska (Anarrhichas Icjyturus), with notes upon
other species of the genns Anarrhichas. By Tarleton H. Bean. <Proc. U.
S. Nat. Museum, v. 2, pp. 212-218, Dec. 6, 1879.
[Measurements of Anarrhichas Upturns, A. lupus, A. lati/rons. Synopsis of all the
species.]
1880—
Notes on certain typical specimens of American fishes in the British Museum
and in the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle at Paris. By David S. Jordan,
M. D. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, v. 2, Jan. 20, 1880.
[Ceratichthys cumingi Giinthr. noticed at page 226.]
Descriptions of new si^ecies of North American fishes. By David S. Jordan.
<Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, v. 2, pp. 235-241, Jan. 20, 1880.
[Xiphister proposed as a substitute for Xiphidion Girard, at p. 241.]
The salmon industries of Oregon. <^The Popular Science Monthly, pp. 573-
574, vol. xvi. No. iv, Feb., 1880.
On the Pacific species of Caulolatilus. By W. N. Lockington. <^Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., pp. 13-19 (sig. 2), March 23, 1880.
[Caulolatilus anomalus (Cooper) Gill and C. affinis Gill are conjectured to be identical
with G. princeps (Jenyns) GUI. The material upon which the above paper is based is in-
sufficieut to establish the synonymy proposed. Without some explanation it would be
difficult to understand the table of dimensions on page 17 : the third column of figures,
beginning with 30J, and the second column, beginning with 10.05 inches, should be trans-
posed. The columns beginning with 30J and 23^ should have this heading : "Hundredths
of total length."
Descriptions of new genera and species of fishes from the coast of California.
By W. N. Lockington. <Proc. U, S. Nat. I^useum, v. 2, pp. 326-332,
March 25, 1880.
[N. g. and n. s. Leurynnis paucidens, n. g. and n. s. Odontopyxis trispinosus, n. s. Artedius
quadriseriatus. Leurynnis=^I/ycodopsis, CoUett, fide Gill, <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum,
V. 3, p. 247. Odontopyxis =^ Podothecus, fide Jordan and GUbert, <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum,
V. 3, p. 454.]
Descriptions of some genera and species of Alaskan fishes. By Tarleton
H. Bean. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, v. 2, pp. 353-359, March 29, 1880.
[Cottus polyacanthocephalus Pallas, Melletes papilio, n. g. andn. s., Dallia pectoralis, n. g.
and n. s.]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 313
18§0— Contimied.
Notes on a collection of Fislies from San Diego, California. By David S.
Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, v. "3, pp.
23-34, April 26-May 6, 1880.
[An aunotatetl list of 57 species which were collected hy the writers in Januarj, 1880.
The following new genera are described : Eoncador and Leuresthes, and the new species,
Aphoristia atricauda, Dasyhatis dipterurus, and Platyrhina exasperata.]
Description of a New Flounder {Xysireitrys liolcins) from Santa Catalina Island,
California. By David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <Proc. U. S.
Nat. Museum, v. 3, pp. 34-36, May 6, 1880.
Description of a new ray {riaUjrhina triseriata), from the coast of California.
By David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum,
V. 3, pp. 36-38, May 6, 1880.
Description of a new species of "rock cod" (Sebastichthys serriceps) from
the coast of California. By David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert.
<Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, v. 3, pp. 38-40, May 6, 1880.
On the occurrence of CephuloscyUium laUceps (Dume'ril) Gill, on the coast of
California. By David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <Proc. U. S.
Nat. Museum, v. 3. pp. 40-42, May 6, 1880.
On the oil shark of Southern California (Galeorhinus galeus). By David S.
Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <Proc. U. S. Nat, Museum, v. 3, pp.
42-43, May 6, 1880.
The surf smelt of the northwest coast, and tbe method of taking them by the
Quillehute Indians, west coast of Washington Territory. By James G.
Swan. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, v. 3, pp. 43-46, May 6, 1880.
[Referring to Mypomesus pretiosus Girard, under the name H. olidus.]
Description of a new flounder (Pleuronichthys verticalis), from the coast of
California, with notes on other species. By David S. Jordan and Charles
H. Gilbert. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, v. 3, pp. 49-51, May 6, 1880.
[Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Pallas is here referred to Pleuronichthys, but is re-
stored to its proper genus in a subsequent paper by the same authors. The additional
. species are Pleuronichthys coenosus, Xystreiirys Uolepis and Atheresthes (n. g.) stomias based
upon Platysomatichthys stomias Jordan and Gilbert.]
Notes on sharks from the coast of California. By David S. Jordan and
Charles H. Gilbert. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, v. 3, pp. 51-52, May 6,
1880.
[Pleuracromylon Icevis (Risso) Gill recorded from Monterey.]
On the generic relations of Platyrhina exasperala. By David S. Jordan and
Charles H. Gilbert. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, v. 3, p. 53, May 6, 1880.
[Zapteryx (n. g.) created for this species.]
Kemarks ou the species of the genus Chirus found in the San Francisco market,
including one hitherto undescribed. By W. N. Lockington. <Proc. U.
S. Nat. Museum, v. 3, pp. 53-57, May 6, 1880.
[Chirus maculo-seriatus (n. s.), C. guttatus and C. constellatus are all equal to Hexa-
grammus decagrammus, fide Jordan and Gilbert, same volume, p. 455.]
Description of a new lish from Alaska {Uranidea microstoma.) By W. N.
Lockington. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, v. 3, pp. 58-59, May 6, 1880.
Description of a new species of Agonidae {Brachyopsis verrucosus), from the
coast of California. By W. N. Lockington. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum,
V. 3, pp. 60-63, May 6, 1880.
[Brachyopsis, Gill, is defined on page 63.]
Description of a new genus and some new species of California fishes {Icosteiis
oenigmaticus and Osmerus attenuatus). By W. N. Lockington. <Proc. U.
S. Nat. Museum, v. 3, pp. 63-68, May 6-24, 1880..
314 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
1880— Continued.
Notes on California fishes. — Salmonidce. By "W. N. Lockington. <^Amer.
Naturalist, vol. xiv, No. 5, pp. 366-368, May, 1880.
[The stateipent concerning the anal rays of the Pacific coast salmon as distinguished
from those of European salmon and all trout may have been obscured by some typograph-
ical error. The list of species on page 368 should be compared with Jordan and Gilbert's
list of Pacific coast species in Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pages 452 to 458, in order to
make it agree with the latest nomenclature. Mypotnesus olidus is not Califomian ; tho
Califomian species is H. pretiosus.]
Description of a new species of Sebastichthys ^Seiastichthys miniatus), from
Monterey Bay, California. By David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert.
<Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 70-73, May 24, 1880.
Description of a new species of "rock-fish" (Sebasticlithys carnatus), from the
coast of California. By David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <^Proc.
U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 73-75, May 24, 1880.
Check list of duplicates of North American fishes distributed by the Smith-
sonian Institution in behalf the United States National Museum, 1877-'80.
By Tarleton H. Bean. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, vol. 3, pp. 75-116, May
24-June 7, 1880.
[15 west coast species were distributed.]
Description of a new species of ray (Baia sfellulata) from Monterey Califor-
nia. By David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <^Proc. U. S. Nat.
Museum, iii, pp. 133-135, July 2, 1880.
Descriptions of new species of Xiphister and Apodichthys, from Monterey, Cali-
fornia. <^Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 135-140, July 2, 1880.
[Xiphister chirus n. s., Xiphister rupestris n. s., Apodichthys fucorum n. s. The writers,
on page 138, express the opinion that Cebedichthys, Xiphister, and Apodichthys do not rep-
resent distinct families.]
Description of two new species of Sebastichthys (Sebastichthys entomelas and Se-
bastichthys rhodochloris), from Monterey Bay, California. By David S.
Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 142-
146, July 2, 1880.
[List of the species o{ Sebastichthys obtained in Monterey Bay, pp. 145-146.]
On the occurrence of a species of Cremnobates at San Diego, California. By
Rosa Smith. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 147-149, July 2, 1880.
[Cremnobates integripinnis n. s.]
Description of a new Agonoid fish (Brachyopsis xyosternus), from Monterey
Bay, California. By David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <^Proc.
U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 152-154, July 2, 1880.
Description of a new flounder {Hippoglossoides exilis), from the coast of Cali-
fornia. By David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <Proc. U. S. Nat.
Museum, iii, pp. 154-156, July 2, 1880.
The herring of the Pacific coast. By W. N. Lockington. <[Amer. Naturalist,
vol. xiv. No. 7, pp. 518, 519, July, 1880.
[Distinguishing characters of Clupea sagax and O. mirabilis.]
Ichthyologische Beitrjige (ix). Von Dr. Franz Steindachner, wirklichem
Mitgliede der k. Akademie der Wissenschaften. (Mit 6Tafeln.) (Vorgelegt
in der Sitzung am 15. Juli 1880.) <^Sitzb. der k. Akad. der Wisseusch., B.
Ixxxii, I Abth., Juli-Heft, pp. 29 (238-266), 1880.
II. — tjber zwei neue Agonus — Arten aus Californien. Agonus (Brachy-
opsis) Barkani u. sp., Taf. v.
[From San Francisco. Equals Brachyopsis verriicosus Lockington, according to Jordan
and Gilbert, Proc. U. S. N. M., iii, p. 332.]
Agonus (Brachyopsis) Annm n. sp., Taf. vi, figs. 1-16.
[Vicinity of San Francisco. Equals Brachyopsis xyosternus Jordan and Gilbert, accord-
ing to Jordan and Gilbert, op. et loc. cit.]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 315
1880— Continued.
III. — tjber einige Fiscliarten aus dem nordlicben Japan, gesammelt
vom Professor Dybo'wski.
, [Sebastes Taczanowskii n. s., Hypoptychus Bybowskii n. g. and n. s., Centronolus By-
bowskii n. s., OentronPtus Taczanoivskii n. s., Neozoarces pulcher n. g. and n. s., Gasterosteus
japonicus n. s. Urocentrus pictus Kner ia referred to Centronotus, and Centronotus quin-
quemaeulatus Kner to Opisthocentrus quinquemaeulatus Kner. The types of the last two
species were from De Castries Bay, and not from Pinang and Singapore— (Steind.).]
Notes on new and rare fishes of the Pacific coast. By "W. N. Lockington.
<Anier. Natm-alist, vol. xiv, No. 8, pp. 595-600, August, 1880.
[Remarks on recent discoveries of tlie writer and Jordan and Gilbert, relative to speciea
of Sebastichthys, Pleuronichthys, Lepidopsetta, Agonida; Embiotocidce, Ohiridce, Cottidm,
Icosteidce, &c., &c. Plcurogrammus Gill is partly characterized. Measurements of Tor-
pedo californica are given.]
On the identity of the genus Leurynnis, Lockington, with Lycodopsis, Collett.
By Theodore Gill. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 247-248, Sept. 4,
1880.
[New combinations— ij/codojjsis pacificus and Lycodopsis paueidens.]
Description of a new Chiroid fish, Myriolepis zonifer, from Monterey Bay, Cali-
fornia. By "W. N. Lockington. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 248-
251, Sept. 4, 1880.
[Myriolepis zonifer (n. g. and n. s.).]
Description of a new species of ray, Jtaia rhina, from the coast of California.
By David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum,
iii, pp. 251-253, Sept. 4, 1880.
Description of a new species of Hemitripterus from Alaska. By W. N. Lock-
ington. <Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., pp. 233-236 (sig. 16), Sept. 7, 1880.
[The supposed new species is R. cavifrons. I have examined the type in the California
Academy of Sciences and do not hesitate to state my belief in its identity with Hemitripte-
^ rws americanw* (Gmel.) Storer.]
■ Description of a new species of Catostomus (Catostomus cyplio) from the Colo-
rado Eiver. By W. N. Lockington. <Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., pp.
237-240 (sig. 16), Sept. 7, 1880.
The eulachon or caudle-fish of the northwest coast. By James G. Swan.
<Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 257-264, Sept. 15, 1880.
[It is now known that the sand smelt referred toon page 258 is Hypomesus pretiosus
and not H. olidus.]
Descriptions of two new species of fishes, Ascelichthys rliodorus and Scytalina
cerdale, from Neah Bay, Washington Territory. By David S. Jordan and
Charles H. Gilbert. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 264-268, Sept. 15,
1880.
[Ascelichthys n. g. Cottid, Scytalina u. g. Congrogadid.']
NeueGattungenundArtenvonFischen. Von Franz Steindachner. <Auzeig.
Akad. Wien, No. xix, pp. 158-159.
["N. g. Piychoehrornis, Ancharius, Hypoptychus, Neozoarces, mit Diagnosen." — Zool.
Anzeiger, iii, No. 65, p. 460, Sept. 20, 1880.]
Description of two new species of Scopeloid fishes, Sudis ringens and Mycio-
phum crenulare, from Santa Barbara Channel, California. By David S.
Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 273-
^ 276, Sept. 28, 1880.
Do flying fish fly? By C. O. Whitman. <American Naturalist, vol. xiv,
No. 9, pp. 641-653, Sept., 1880.
Description of two new species of flounders (Parophrys ischyurus and Rippo-
glossoides elassodon), from Puget's Sound. By David S. Jordan and Charles
H. Gilbert. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 276-280, Sept. 28, 1880.
[Definition of genua Parophrys modified, page 277.]
316 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
18§0— Continued.
Description of a new sparoid fish {Sparus hrachysomtts), from Lower California.
By "W. N. Lockington. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 284-286, Sept.
28, 1880.
Description of seven new species of Sebastoid fishes, fk-omthe coast of Califor-
nia. By David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <:^Proc. U. S. Nat.
Museum, iii, pp. 287-298, Sept. 28, 1880.
[New species : Sebastichthys atrovirens, rubrivinctus, vexillaris, chlorostictus, constellatus,
rastrelligernndfasciolaris Lockington (a substitute for Sebastes fasciatus Girard, the name
fasciatus being preoccupied).]
Descriiition of a new Embiotocoid {Abeona aurora), from Monterey, California,
with notes on a related species. By David S. Jordan and Charles H.
Gilbert. <Proc, U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 299-301, Sept. 28, 1880.
[Ditrema brevipinne Giinther is considered a synonym of Brachyistius frenaius Gill.]
Description of a new flounder (Plaiysomatichthys stomias), from the coast of
California. By David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <^Proc. U. S.
Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 301-303, Sept. 28, 1880.
[The writers, in a paper written later than the above, but published earlier (op. cit, p.
51), founded the genus Atheresthes for this species.]
Description of a new Embiotocoid fish (Cymatogaster rosaceus), from the coast
of California. By David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert, <^Proc. U.
S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 303-305, Sept. 28, 1880.
[Brachyistius frenatus Gill is referred to the genus Cymatogaster. ^
Description of a new species of deep-water fish (Icichihys LocMngtoni), from
the coast of California. By David S. Jordan and Charles H Gilbert.
<Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 305-308, Sept. 28, 1880.
[Icichthys n. g., representing a now family, Icosteidce, which is defined on page 307.
Icosteus and Icichthys compared.]
Description of a new Embiotocoid fish {Ditrema atripes), from the coast of Cal-
ifornia. By David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <^Proc. U. S. Nat.
Museum, iii, pp. 320-322, Sept. 28-Oct. 27, 1880.
[Phanerodon Girard is considered a synonym of Ditrema.]
Description of a new Scorpaenoid fish (Sebastichthys mallger), from the coast of
California. By David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <Proc. U. S.
Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 322-324, Oct. 27, 1880.
Note on a new flat-fish (Lepidopsetta isolepis), found in the markets of San
Francisco. By W. N. Lockington. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, p.
325, Oct. 27, 1880.
Note on a forgotten paper of Dr. Ayres and its bearing on the nomenclature
of the Cyprinoid fishes of the San Francisco markets. By David S. Jordan.
<Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 325-327, Oct. 27, 1880.
[The paper referred to was published in the "Daily Placer Times and Transcript ", issue
of May 30, 1854 ; it determines the nomenclature of Telestes gibbosa, Orihodon microlepido-
tus, Fogonichthys macrolepidotus, and Catostom,us occidentalis.]
Description of a new Scorpaenoid fish {Sehastichthys proriger), from Monterey
Bay, California. By David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <[Proc.
U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 327-329, Oct. 27, 1880.
Description of a new Kgono\(\.{Agonus viilsus), from the coast of California.
By David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. <[Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum,
iii, pp. 330-332, Oct. 27, 1880.
[In a foot-note on page 332, Agonus (Brachyopsis) Barkani Steind. is stated to be a
synonym of Brachyojjsis verrucosus Lock., and Agonus (Brachyopsis) Annce Steind. is said
to be antedated by Brachyopsis xyosternus Jor. & GUb.]
Description of a new species of Hemirhamphus {Hemirhamphns rosa;), from the
coast of California. By David S. Jordan and Charles H, Gilbert. <^Proc.
U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 335-336, Oct. 27, 1880.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 317
1880— Continued.
Do flying fish fly? By David S. Jordan. <Amer Naturalise, vol. xiv, No.
11, pp. 804-805, November, 1880.
[Observations on Exocoetus caii/onucws Cooper.]
On the flight of the flying flsh. By C. O. Whitman. <The Zoologist, Lon-
don, Third Series, vol. iv, No. 47, November, 1880, pp. 471-481.
["From the Amer. Naturalist for September. Slightly abridged."]
Description of a new species of A^offrftmoifZ shark (Hexanchtis corhuis), from thg
Pacific coast of the United States. By David S. Jordan and Charles H.
Gilbert. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, pp. 352-355, Nov. 23-Dec. 21, 1880.
[Heptranchias maculatus, described on pages 353 and 354, Soinniosxis tnicroceiihalus,
Lamna cormibica, and Eulamia sp. are noted as additions to the list of sharks on the Pa-
cific coast.]
An introduction to the Study of Fishes. By Albert C. L. G. GUnther, M. A.,
M. D., Ph. D., F. R. S., Keeper of the Zoological Department in the British
Museum. Edingburgh, Adam and Charles Black, 1880.
I West coast species are frequently referred to. ]
CATAIiOOUE OF OI^D TFORIiD BIRD!>i IN THJE: UIVITEI) J^TATfS
NATIONAL, MUSEUM.
By ROBERT RIDGWAY.
The following list includes all the species of extra -American birds at
present represented iu the collection of the U. S. iSTational Museum,
numbered, named, and classified according to Gray's "Hand-list."*
The object of this list is to render apparent the desiderata of the
National Museum in the way of Old World birds, so that museums or
individuals desiring to make exchanges may know what species are
wanted. Genera and subgenera not now in the collection, are the
chief desiderata, and as many as possible of them are desired, especially
of forms belonging or nearly related to groups which are represented iu
the American avian-fauna.
Fam. GYP^TID^ (I, p. 1).
1. Gypaetus harbatus.
Fam. VULTUEID^.
Subfam. Vulturin^e (I, j). i).
3. Vultur monachus.
5. Otogyps auricularis.
8. Gyps fulvus.
11. hengalensis.
Subfam. NEOPiiRONiNiE (I, p. 4).
21. Neophron percnojiterus.
Fam. FALCONIDiE.
Subfam. Buteonin^ (I, p. 6).
36. Buteo vulgaris.
38. plumipes. (Juv.)
81. Archihuteo lagopus.
84. asiaticus. (Juv.)
85. hemilasius. (Juv.)
Subfam. Aquiline (I, p. 10).
87. Aquila chrysaetos.
88, imperialis.
91. clanga.
92. n.'Bvia.
99. Pseudaetus bonelli.
100. Hieraaetus peunatus.
119. Circaetus gallicus.
128. Spilornis holospilus.
131. Pandion haliactus.
139. Poliornis poliogenys. (Juv.)
144. HaliajiJtus albicilla.
14G. Thalassoaetus jielagicus. (Juv. )
* Hand-list of the Genera and Species of Birds, distinguishing those contained in
the British Museum. By G. R. Gray, F. R. S., etc., Assistant Keeper of the Zoological
Collections. 3 vols. 8vo. London : 1869-1871.
318 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
149. Cunciima leucogaster.
150. vocifer.
153. Helotarsus ecaiiflatus. (Jnv.)
155. Haliastur Indus.
157. spheniiriis.
Subfam. FAXCONiNiE (I, p. 18).
160. Hierofaico gyrfalco. (Juv. only!)
165. Falco orientalis.
176. Gennaia saker. (Juv.)
180. Hypotriorchis subbuteo.
181. lunulatus.
182. Dissodectes concolor.
192. ^salon regulus. .
199. leracidea berigora.
200. occidentalis.
201. Harpe novae-zealandise.
203. Tiunuuculus alaudarius.
207. newtoni.
209. cencbroides.
213. Erytbropus vespertinus.
214. amurenais. ( <? ad. )
215. Ticbornis cencbris.
219. lerax caerulescens.
222. sericeus.
Subfam. Milvin^ (I, p. 24).
237. Pernis apivorus.
243. Milvus regalis.
244. goviuda.
245. migrans.
247. aigyptius.
258. Elanus melanopterus.
261. axillaris.
262. scriptus.
Sabfam. Accipitrin^ (I, p. 29).
268. Astur palumbarius.
276. Leucospiza novas-bollandise.
277. rayi.
299. Accipter nisus.
327. Urospiza torquata.
329. cirrbocepbalus.
330. approximaua.
331. rufitorques. (Type.)
342. Micronisus gabar.
347. badius. (Juv.)
Subfam. CiRCix^ (I, p. 36).
356. Circus airuginosias.
358. assimilis.
363. jardinii.
364. Strigiceps cyaneus.
368. cinereus.
369. Glaucopteryx ciueraceus.
370. palUdus.
Fam. SERPENTARIIDiE (I, p. 38).
375. Serpentarius reptilivorua.
Fam. STRIGID^.
Subfam. Surnin^ (I, p. 38).
376. Surnia ulula.
378. Atbene noctua.
379. glaux.
387. Tisnioglaux whitelii.
394. Microglaux perlata.
396. Hierocoglaux connivens.
397. strenua.
400. Spiloglaux boobook.
403. novse-zealandisB.
425. Niuox scutellata.
433. Microptynx passerinum.
Subfam. Bubonin^ (I, p. 43).
444. Hubua orientalis.
440. Bubo maximus.
454. Nisuella madagascariensis.
458. Ketupa flavipes.
459. javensis.
461. Scops zorca.
464. suuia.
Subfam. Syrniix^ (I, p. 48).
500. Syrnium aluco.
503. lapponicum.
512. Ptynx uralense.
513. fulvescens. (PuUus.)
514. Bulaca indranee.
539. Otus vulgaris.
553. Phasmoptynx capensis.
554. Nyctala "funerea L. "(=-^^. i^g.
maimi Gm.).
Subfam. Strigin^ (I, p. 52).
558. Strix liammea.
563. delicatula.
564. lulu. (Type.)
Fam. CAPRIMULGID^.
Subfam. PodarGHN^ (I, p. 53).
582. Podargus strigoides.
584. megacepbalus.
592. Batracbostomus javanensis.
Subfam. Caprimulgin/E (I, p. 56).
612. Caprimulgus europseus.
614. rulicollis.
626. albonotatus.
633. macrurus.
Fam. CYPSELID^ (I, p. 63).
717. Cypselus apus.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 319
719. Cypselus rnelba.
723. gallilajensis.
753. Collocalia spodiopygia. (Type.)
759. leucophffia. (Type.)
770. Hirundapus caudacnta.
Fam. HIRUNDINID^ (I, p. 68).
786. Hirundo rustica.
795. Cecropis cucullata.
808. Lillia rufula.
817. Hylochelidou nigricans.
872. Ftyonoprogne rupestris.
880. Cbelidon urbica.
Fam. CORACIAD^ (I, p. 75).
897. Coracias garrula.
906. Eurystomus orientalis'.
907. pacificus.
910. glaucurus.
Fam. EURYLAIMID^.
Subfam. Eurylaimin^ (I, p. 77).
916. Eurylaimus javanns.
917. ochromelas.
922. Cymbirbyncbus macrorbyncbus.
Subfam. Calyptomenin^ (I, p. 78).
924. Calyptomena viridis.
Fam. TROGONIDJE (I, p. 81).
991. Harpactes kasumba.
992. diardi.
993. Pyrotrogon ardens.
996. Duvancelius rntilus.
Fam. ALCEDINID^ (I, p. 89).
1060.
Dacelo gigas.
1062.
cervina.
1063.
Cboncalcyou gandicbaudi.
1076.
Tanysiptera sylvia.
1077.
doris.
1085.
Halcyon erytbrorbyncba.
1095.
Entomobia smyrnensis.
1096.
gubxris.
1097.
pileata.
1099.
Calialcyon coromandeliana.
1106.
Cyanalcyon macleayi.
1112.
Sauropatis sancta.
1113.
vagans.
1116.
cbloris.
1120.
vitiensis. (Type.]
1130.
Todirhampbus sacra.
1131.
tuta.
1132.
venerata.
1133.
recurvirostris
1137.
Lacedo pulchella.
1140. Syma torotoro.
1141. flavirostris.
1166. Corytbornis cristata.
1175. Alcyone azAirea.
1180. Cerylerndis.
1183. Megacerylo guttata.
Fam. MEROPID^ (I, p. 98).
1194. Nyctiornis amictus.
1196. Bucia atbertoui.
1197. Meropiscus gularis.
1201. Merops apiaster.
1202. Melittopbas bicolor.
1205. Blepbaromerops fpgyptius.
1206. savignyi.
1207. pbilijipinus.
1209. Aerops albicollia.
1210. Pblotbrus viridis.
1217. Cosmaerops ornatus.
1219. Spbecojibobus augolensis.
1224. Coccolarynx bullocki.
Fam. UPUPID^.
Subfam. UPUPiNiE (I, p. 103).
1250. Upupa epops.
Subfam. Irrisorin^e (I, p. 103).
1259. Irrisor erytbrorbyucbos.
Subfam. Epimachin^ (I, p. 104).
1271. Ptilornis paradisea.
1273. Craspedopbora magnifica.
Fam. PROMEROPID^.
Subfam. Nectarinin^ (I, p. 106).
1278. Nectarinia famosa.
1282. Cinnyris cbalybea.
1287. osea.
1305. Cbalcomitra ametbystina.
1306. senegalensis.
Subfam. Promeropin^ (I, p. 109.)
1338. Promerops cafer.
1353. Antbobapbes violacea.
Subfam. Arachnotherin^.
1365. Aracbnotbera longirostra.
1377. Aracbnorapbis cbrysogenys.
1394. Lepfocoma basseltii.
1398. Antbreptes loaguemarii.
Subfam. Drepanin^ (I, p. 113).
1405. Drepanis coccinea.
1406. Himatione sanguinea.
1407. Hemignatbus lucidus.
1409. Mobo nobilis.
320 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
1412. Psittirostra psittacea.
1432. Microchelidon hirundinaceum.
Fam. MELIPHAGID^.
Subfam. Myzomelin^ (I, p. 153).
1980. Myzomela sanguinoleuta.
1981. erytlirocephala.
1984. jugularis.
1992. nigriventris. (Type.)
2002. Glicipliila fnlvifrons.
2005. caledouica.
2008. chlorophfBa.
2014. Acanthorhyochus tenuirostris.
Snbfam. Meliphagin^ (I, p. 155).
2016. Meliphaga plirygia.
2017. Ptilotis lewiiiii.
2022. leucotis.
2023. auricomis.
2027. penicillata.
2028. fusca.
2029. chrysops.
2051. Foulehaio caninculata.
2052. procerior.
2053. Phylidonyris australasiana.
2054. Meliornis iiovje-hollandisB.
2056. sericea.
2058. Prostliemadera novae-seelandiss.
2059. Aiithovnis melaniTra.
2063. AntliochiBra carunculata.
2065. Auellobia mellivora.
2066. lunulata.
2067. Cliseoptila angustipluma.
2068. Leptornis sanioeusis.
2072. Acanthogeuys rufogularis.
2080. Philemon lessoui.
2084. Tropidorhyuclius corniculatua.
2089. buceroides.
2092. Eutomiza cyauotis.
2094. Manorina melanophrys.
2095. Myzantha garrula.
Subfam. Melitiirkptin.e (I, p. 161).
2099. Melithreptus liiuulatus.
2100. brevirostris.
2103. albogularis.
2107. Zosterops cserulescens.
2111.
albogularis.
2113.
griseonota.
2114.
xanthocbroa.
2124.
japonic a.
2133.
madagascariensis.
2142.
flaviceps. (Type.)
2151.
simplex.
niiuuta Layard. (Loy
alty Islands )
2172.
Orosterops montana.
Fam. ANABATID^.
Subfam. Sitting (I, p. 181).
2484. Sitta ciBsia.
2485. syriaca.
2502. Sittella chrysoptera.
2505. pileata.
2507. Acantbisitta cbloris.
Fam. CERTHIID^ (I, p. 183).
Subfam. CERTHiiNiE.
2512. Certhia familiaris.
Subfam. Tichodromin^.
2520. Tichodroma muraria.
2.521. Climacteris leucopbtea.
2523. scaudens.
Fam. MENURID^.
Subfam. Menurin^ (I, p.-185).
2529. Menura superba.
Subfam. Orthonycin^ (I, p. 185).
2532. Ortbouyx spinicauda.
2534. Moliona ocbrocepbala.
Fam. TROGLODYTID^.
Subfam. Troglodytin^ (I, p. 188).
2562. Troglodytes parvulus.
Subfam. Tatarin^ (I, p. 194).
2679. Tatare longirostris.
Fam. LUSCINID^.
Subfam. Malurin^e (I, p. 195).
2689. Ortbotomus pbyllorrbapbeus.
2720. Drymoipus extensicauda.
2731. Drymoica maculosa.
2739. subrulicapilla.
2805. Cisticola scbcenicola.
2875. Chtbouicola sagittata.
2876. Malurus cyaneus.
2882. lamberti.
2887. dorsalis.
2891. callainns.
2892. Stipiturus malachuriis.
2903. Cinclorbampbus cruralis.
2904. cantillana.
2905. Megalurus palustris.
2908. Sphenojacus africanus.
2910. punctatus.
Subfam. Calamodytin^ (I, p. 206).
2917. Calamodyta aruudinacea.
2919. orientalis.
2922. palustris.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 321
2926. Calamoclyta cautaiis.
2940. Calamolierpe aruudinacea.
2953. Pseudoluscinia luscinioides.
2954. Cettia sericea.
2964. Calainodiis sclioenobsenus.
2969. Lnsciniola raelauopogon.
2972. Locustella rayi.
2979. Aiidon galactodes.
2988. Thamnobia fnlicata.
2990. corypliteus.
Subfam. Sylvian.^ (I, p. 212).
3001. Sylvia melanocephala.
3003. Melizophilus undatus.
3004. sarda.
3006. Alscecus subalpinns.
3007. conspicillatus.
3012. Sterparola ciuerea.
3013. cimuca.
3016. Sibil atrix aj-lvicola.
3017. Monachus atricapilla.
3019. riippellii.,
3021. Adophonens orpheiis.
3024. Philacaiitba uisoria.
3025. Ejiilais horteusis.
3032. Asilus trocbilus.
3.033. bonelli.
3034. rufa.
3043. Pbyllopueuste polyglotta.
3054. sylvicultrix.
3057. bnmnea.
3065. Regnloides proregnliis.
3067. superciiiosus.
3100. Regulus cristatus.
3101. . ignicaiiillus.
3106. Sericornis frontalis.
3113. Acautbiza nana.
3114. lineata.
3115. pusilla.
3119. tiavolateralis.
3125. Geobasileus chrysorrhcea.
3126. regnloides.
Snbfam. LusciNix^ (p. 220).
3151. Lnscinia vera.
31.52. pbilomela.
3153. Ruticilla pbcenicnra.
31.54, titbys.
3159. aurorea.
3185. Nemnra cyani;ra.
3193. Erytbacns rnbecula.
3196. Cyanecnla suecica.
3198. cjernlecula.
3200. wolfi.
3202. Calliope camtscbatkensis.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 -21
Snbfam. Saxicolin.e (I, p. 224).
3205. Saxicola ccnantbe.
3206. albicollis.
3207. stapaziua.
3208. lenconiela.
3250. Dromoliiea lencura.
3274. Pratincola rnbicola.
3275. rnbetra.
3276. torqnata.
3289. Petroica "multicolor, Vig. & H."
= r. leg(ji Sliarpe.
. mnlticolor (Gm.) (Nor-
folk I.)
3290. Petroica goodenovii.
3291. pboenicea.
3294. pnsilla. (Type.)
3298. Erytbrodryas rosea.
3300. Melanodryas cnciillata.
3307. Myiomoira macrocepbala.
330-*. Miro albifrons.
3315. Origma rnbricata.
Snbfam. Accentorin.e (I, p. 230).
3316. Accentor alpinns.
3324. Tbarrbalens modnlaris.
Fam. PARID^.
Snbfam. Parin.e (I, p. 231)
3328.
Parns major.
3329.
ater.
3333.
Parns minor.
3335.
cinerens.
3348.
Poicilc palnstris.
3349.
borealis.
3351.
Ingnbris.
3352.
ductus.
3365.
Cyanistes cyaneus.
3366.
ciBrnlens.
3373.
Lopbopbanes cristatns.
3395.
Orites candatus.
Snbfam. .Egithalinj: (I, p. 236).
3416. iEgitbalns pendnlinns.
3428. Pannrns biarmicns.
Fam. MOTACILLID^.
Snbfam. Motacillin^ (I, p. 245).
3562.
Motacilla alba.
3564.
yarrelli.
3566.
japonica.
3567.
luzoniensis.
3569.
maderaspataua
3570.
dnkbnnensis.
3573.
capeusis.
3576.
ocularis.
lllaich 10, 1882.
322 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
3578. Budytes' flavus.
3r79. melauocepbala.
3580. ciuereocaj)illa.
3582, rayi,
3583. citreola-
3585. viridis.
35'JO. fllaveola.
3592. CaloTjates boarula.
3595. Grail ill a picata.
3607. Ephtbianuva albifrons.
3608. aiuifrous.
3609. tricolor.
Subfam. ASTHiNiE (I, p, 249).
3614. Aiitlius spiDoletta,
3615. obscums.
3635. Agodroma campestri»,
3640. Pipastes pliunatus.
3645. Spipola pratensis.
3646. cervittus.
3649. Corydalla richardi.
3652. striolatus.
3653. nialaj-ensis.
3656. australis.
3658. novfB-zealandisB.
3661. Macronyx capensis.
Fain. TURDID^.
Snbfam. Tuhdix^ (I, p. 253).
3667.
3673.
3674.
3675.
3677.
3678.
3387.
3689.
3697.
369S.
3703.
3709.
3710.
3715.
3720.
3721.
3723.
3724.
3725.
3728.
3734.
3790.
3800,
Turdiis viscivorns.
Arceutboriiis pilaris.
naumanui.
fiiscatvis.
Hylocicbla musica.
iliaca.
Oreociucla varia.
liiiinlata.
heinei Caban. (Austra-
lia).
Merula vulgaris,
simillima.
sinensis,
xantliopus.
vanikorensis.
pritzboucri. (Loyalty
Islands. )
Cicbloselys cardis.
Thoracocincla torqnata.
Cichloides atrogularis.
l^allidus.
cUry solans,
olivacens.
rnfalus.
bortulorum.
Geocicbla citrina.
Monticola saxatilis.
3801. Monticola rupcstris,
3805. Petrocinela cyanea,
3806. pandos.
3807. solitaria.
3859. Myiopboncns cieraleus,
3862. Ai'reuga horsiieldi.
3868. Bessonornis caffra.
3884. Copsycbus saularis.
3886. mindanensis.
3893. Cercotricbas niacrourus.
Faui. HYDROBATIDiE (I, p. 266).
3899. Hydrobata cinclus.
3902. as! atica.
Fam. PYCNONOTID^.
Subfam Pycxonotin^ (I, p. 268).
3916. Microscelis amanrotis.
3919, Microtarsus melanoleucus.
3921. olivaceus.
3922. Tracbycomus ocbrocepbalus.
3924. Pycnonotus capensis.
3926. barbat?is.
3935. brunneus.
3942. Ixos goiavier.
3948. sinensis.
3956. cbrysorrboides.
3960. Otocompser jocosa.
3961. pyrrbotis.
3968. tympanistrigus.
3972. Bracliypodius melauocepbalus.
3973. nietallicus.
Subfam. Piiyllorxitiiin^ (I, p. 272).
3981. Hypsipetes ganeesa.
3987. nigerrima.
4048. lole olivaceus.
4070. Pbylloruis javensis.
4071. cyanopogon.
4074. icterocepbala.
4079. malabarica.
Subfam. Crateropodin.-e (I, p. 277).
4088. Pomatorbinus niusicus.
4089. erythrocnemis.
4097. Poraatostomus temporalis.
4106. Malacocircus griseus.
4124. Cinclosoma punctatum.
4125. castanotum.
4126. cinnaniomeum.
4127. castaueotboras,
4154. Garrulax perspicillatns.
4184. Petrocyclus cacbinuaus.
4193. Leucodioptron taivanus.
4204. Psopbodes crepitans.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 323
Fain. DICRURID^.
Subfam. DicRURiNJS (I, p. 284).
4207. Difrnrus aimectaus.
4209. bracteatus.
4217. furcatus.
4227. albirictns.
4241. Disseniiirus bracliyphorus.
4249. Bhriuga reiiiiter.
4231. Chibia hotteiitotta.
4256. Mehruoruis odolioides.
Subfam. Irexix^e (I, p. 288).
4266. Ireua puella.
4267. malayeusis.
4268. cyauogastra.
Fam. ARTAMID^.
Subfam. Artemix.e (I, p. 289).
4270. Artamus fuscus.
4274. sordidus.
4277. person at us.
4278. superciliosus.
4279. leucopygialis.
4280. melanoleucus.
4281. mentalis.
4289. Cyauolauius bicolor.
Fam. ORIOLID^.
Subfam. Oriolix.e (I, p. 291).
4297. Sphfcotheres maxillaris.
4298. flaviventris.
4299. Oriolus galbnhi.
4305. cliiueusis.
4319. uielaudcephalus.
4823. Mimeta viridis.
4324. flavocinctus.
Subfam. Ptiloxorhyxchin/E (I, p. 293).
4333. Sericulus meliuus.
433.5. Ptilomirhynclius liolosericeus.
4336. Aibiroedus crass irostris.
4339. Gklamydera nuchalis.
4340. maculata.
Fam. PITTID.E (I, p. 294).
4343. Pitta coronata.
4344. moluccensis.
4347. strepitans.
4356. simillima.
4357. Melanopitta ciicullata.
4359. sordida.
431)9. Hydroruis maxima.
4370. Pba'nicocicbla grauatiua.
4378. Erythropitta erythrogastra.
Fam. ^GITHINID^.
Subfam. Leiotrichixje (I, p. 312).
4670. Leiotbrix lutea.
Subfam. ^Egitiiixix.t. (I, p. 314).
4693. Tim alia uigricollis.
4694. maculata.
4727. ^gitliina scapularis.
4729. lafresnayi.
4730. Malacoptcron magnum.
4747. Macronus ptilosus.
4751. Cacopitta lepidopleurus.
Fam. MUSCICAPID^.
Subfam. Muscicapix^ (I, p. 319).
4788. Monarclia ' ' cariuata Vig. & Hoisf."
= M. melaii02)iiiii Vieill.
4807. Pomarea nigra.
4811. Muscicaxia griseola.
4814. hypogrammica.
4821. Hedjmiela atiicapilla.
4822. collaris.
4839. Erytlirosterua parva.
4848. Zanthopygia narcissina.
4855. Microeca fascicans.
4878. Cyornis rubeculoides
4879. banyumas.
4892. Cyanoptila cyanomoloeua.
4899. Stoporala albicaudata.
Subfam. Myiagrix.e (I, p. 327).
4910. Seisura inquieta.
4915. Myiagra rubccula.
4918. latirostris.
4922. viridiniteus.
4924. caledouica.
4930. azurea.
4935. Muscitodus ruliventris.
4940. Platysteira cyanea.
4953. Rhii>idura tlabellifera.
4955. albiscapa.
4956. rufifrous.
4968. cauiceps.
4973. nebulosa. (Type.)
. caledonica. (New Cal-
edonia.)
. verreauxi. (Now Cal-
edonia.)
. bulgeri. (New Caledo-
nia.)
4992. Muscylva lessoni.
4993. Sauloprocta motacilloides.
4998. tricolor.
5005. Tchitrea melanogastra.
5008. ferreti.
5025. Xeoccj)lialus rufus.
324 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Subfain. Campephagin^e (I, -p. 334).
5038. Pericrocotus flammeus.
5040. peregriuus.
5050, ciuereus.
5051. griseigularis.
5064. Graucalus melauops.
5065. parvirostris.
5067. meutalis.
5078. hypoleuca.
5079. " Swainsoni Gould" ( :
G. lineatus Sw.)
5090. Gazzola caledonica.
5116. Lalage humeralis.
5123. pacifica.
5128. montrosieri.
5133. Ceblej)yrLs csesia.
Fam. LANIID^.
Subfam. Pachycephalin^ (I, p. 385).
5828.
5848.
5851.
5853.
58.57.
5859.
5861.
5862.
5871.
.5871.
5872.
5887.
5888.
5890.
5904.
.5911.
5913.
5916.
5918.
5926.
Colluricincla barmonica.
Cracticus robustiis.
cassicus.
Bulestes torqnatus.
Falcuuculus frontatus.
Pardalotus punctatua.
striatus.
afiSnis.
Pacbycephala gutturalis.
melauura.
rufiveutris.
icteroides.
flavifrons.
assimilis.
albifrons.
littayei. (New Cal-
edonia.)
Hylocbaris pbilomela.
Eopsaltria aiistralis.
caledonica.
liavigastra.
Pbajoruis obscura.
Snbfara. LANiiNiE (I, p. 390).
(Type.)
(Type.)
(Type.)
5927. Collyrio excubitor.
5928. meridioualis.
.5942. Fiscns collaris.
5947. Leucometopon nubicus.
5949. Laniellus shach.
5950. erj'tbronotus.
5965. Enneoctonus collurio.
5966. minor.
5970. Lanius lucionensis.
5971. snperciliosiis.
5972 magnirostris,
5978. Pboneus senator.
Subfam. MALACONOTiXiE (I, p. 394).
6009. Laniarius barbarus.
6043. Telopborus gutturalis.
6051. Pomatorhyncbus cucullatus.
Fam. CORVID^.
Subfam. Streperin^e (IL p. 1).
6058. Strepera graculiua.
6061. anapboneusis.
6032. Gymnorbma tibicen.
6083. leuconota.
Subfam. Garrulix^ (II, p. 2).
6070. Garrulus glandarius.
6073. Garrulus "melanocepbalus Gen^."
(= G. atricapUhis Geofifr.)
6082. Perisoreus infaustus.
Subfam. CALL^ATixiE (II, p. 7).
6141. Callseas cinerea.
6144. Struthidea cinerea.
6149. Deudrocitta sinensis.
6155. Vagabunda rufa.
Subfam. Corviin^.
6161. Nucifraga caryocatactes.
6167. Pica caudata.
6169. media.
6176. Cyanoi)olius cyana.
6177. cooki.
6181. Corvus coras.
6185. japonensis.
6187. culminatua.
6192. corone.
6193. cornix.
6195. australis.
6199. umbrinus.
6200. ruficollis. (Type of C. lep-
tonyx Peale. )
6201. frugilegus.
6208. pastiuator.
6223. Pterocorax torqnatus.
6230. Lycos monedula.
6234. Auomalocorax splendens.
Subfam. Pyrrhocoracix^ (II, p. 15).
6243. Pyrrbocorax alpinus.
6244. Corcorax melanorbampbos.
6245. Coracia graculus.
Fam. PABADISEID^ (II, p. 15).
6247. Paradisea apoda.
6243. minor.
6251. Dipbyllodes speciosa.
6252. Cicinuurus regius.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 325
Farn. STURNID^E.
Snbfam. Manucodhn.e (II, p. 17).
62.59. Mauucodia gouidi.
Subfam. Eulabetin^ (II, p. IB).
6264. Eulabes relip;iosa.
6207. javauensis.
6275. Gymnops tricolor.
Subfam. Stuknin^ (II, p. 19).
6280. Pastor roseus.
6282. Acridotheres tristis.
628:^. cristatellus.
6291. Gracupiea iiigricollis. (Juv.)
6292. Temueuchus pagodarnm.
6293. malabaricus.
6299. Sturnia sinensis.
6301. pyrrhogeuys.
6306. Stnrnus vulgaris.
6307. unicolor.
6309. cineraceus.
6316. Creadion cariiuculatus.
6318. Heterolocha gouldii.
Subfam. Buphagix^ (II, p. 22).
6319. Bupliaga africana.
Subfam. Juicing (II, p. 23).
6328. Lamprocolius auratus.
6329. spleudidus.
6352. Spreo bicolor.
6357. Pyrrhocheira morio,
6363. Aplonis tabuensis.
6364. cassiiii. (Type.)
63()7. atronitens.
6369. caledonicus.
6370. brevirostris. (Type.)
6376. Calornis metallica.
6388. atrifusca. (Type. )
Fam. PLOCEID^.
Subfam. Plocein.e (II, p. 40).
6575. Oriolinus olivaceus.
6613. Ploceus pbilippensis.
6633. Oryx capensis.
Subfam. Viduin^ (II, p. 47).
6664. Videstrelda paradisea.
Subfam. Spermestin^ (II, p. 49).
6685. Estrelda astrild.
6707. bengalus.
6710. amandava.
6724. modesta.
6725. rnficauda.
6740. pbaiiton.
6762. Muuia malabarica.
6766. jagori.
. topel.a (Haiuau).
6767. Donacola castaueo thorax.
6776. Padda oryzivora.
6781. Louchura acuticauda.
6789. Steganopleura guttata.
6790. castanotis.
6793. Stictopte.ra bichenovi.
6794. vEgiutba temporalis.
6796. ZouiiBgiuthus bellus.
6801. Amblyuurapealei. (Type of jjcasum
Peale.)
6802. cyanovireus. (Type.)
Fam. FRINGILLID^.
Subfam. Fringillin.e (II, p. 80).
7166. Fringilla ccelebs.
7168. montifringilla.
7171. Carduelis elegans.
7177. Cbrysomitris spiuus.
7201. ? citriuella.
7203. totta.
7206. Dryospiza seriuus.
7219. Lignriuus chloris.
7221. kawariba.
7222. siuica.
7243. Petronia diadema.
7251. Moutifriugilla nivalis.
7257. Passer domesticus.
7258. montanus.
7269. italiffi.
7270. rufiijectus. (?)
Subfam. Cocothraustix^ (II, p. 87).
7286. Cocothraustes vulgaris.
7287. japouicus.
7293. Eopbonamelauui-a.
Subfam. PYRRHULiXiE (II, p. 99).
7477. Pyrrhula rubicilla.
7481. coccinea.
7488. Critbagra butyracea.
7493. canicollis.
7507. Carpodacus erytlirinus.
7522. Propasscr roseus.
7523. Bucauites gitbagineus.
Subfam. Spermophilin^ (II, p. 102).
7529. Uragus sibiricus.
Subfam. LoxiAXiE (II, p. 108),
7632. Loxia curvirostra.
7633. pityopsittaca.
7637. tienioptera.
7639. Pinicola enucleator.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
7645. Linaria cannabiua.
7046. Havirostris.
7G49. yEgiothns linaria.
7658. Leucosticte arctoa.
7G59. bruuueonucha.
Subfam. Emberizix/E (II, p. 111).
7675.
Granativora melauocephala
7678.
Hypocentor aureola.
7680.
sulphurata. .
7(;8-2.-
Meloplius melanictera.
7683.
Emberiza citrinella.
7684.
eirlus.
7687.
hortnlana.
7688.
si>oclocepbala..
7689.
personata.
7695.
rustica.
7697.
miliaria.
7698.
cia.
7700.
pitbyomus.
7704.
ciopsis.
7708.
sclicBDicla.
7709.
pyrrhuloides.
7716.
Fringillaria capensis.
7719.
CiEsia.
7726.
striolata.
7727.
Plcctroplianes nivalis.
772S.
Centropbaues lapponicus.
Fam. ALAUDID^ (II, p. 116
77:m.
Otocorys alpestris.
7735.
nivalis.
7737.
lougirostris.
7744.
Alauda arvensis.
7753.
cajlivox.
7760.
Lullula arborea.
7762.
Galerida cristata.
77(;7.
isabellina.
7775.
Calaudrella bracbydactyla.
7780.
Melauocorypba calaudra.
7786.
Saxilauda calandra.
7794.
Alaemon desertorum.
7815
Megalopbouus apiatus.
Fam. COLID.E (II, p. 123).
7840. Colius capensis.
7844. Rbabdocolius striatus.
Fam. MUSOPHAGIDiE (II, p. 124).
7850. Turacus musopbagus.
7852. persa.
7859. Scbizorhis cristata.
Fam. BUCEEOTID^ (II, p. 127).
7866. Buceros rbinoceros.
7873. Hydrocissa convesa.
7877. Auorrbinus galeritns.
7879. malayanus.
7884. Ilydrocorax plani^ornis.
7892. Peneloiiides paniui.
7898. Tockus nasutus.
7908. Rbiuoplax scntatns.
Fam. PSITTACID^E.
Subfam. Pezopokix.e (II, p. 136).
7983.
Platycercus pennanti.
7984.
adelaidaj.
7988.
palliceps.
7989.
browni. (?)
7990.
eximius.
7994.
Psepbotus multicolor.
7996.
I)ulcberrimus.
7997.
biematonotus.
7999.
xantborrbous.
8001.
Baruardius barnardi.
8003.
semitorquatus.
8004.
Purpureicepbalus spurius.
8005.
Polytelis barrabaudi.
8006.
melanura.
8008.
Aspromictus erytbropterus.
8011.
cyauopygius.
8014.
amboiueusis. (?)
8015.
Pyrrbulopsis personatus.
8010.
splendens. (Type. )
8017.
bysginus.
8018.
tabuensis. (Type of
atrogidaris Peale.)
8019.
Cyanorbampbus nov^e-zealandise.
8026.
auriceps.
8033.
Melopsittacus uudulatus.
8034.
Eupbema pulcbella.
8039.
splendida.
8042.
Pezoporus formosus.
8047.
Urodiscus discurus. (?)
8051.
PalcBornis torquatus.
8054.
purx>ureus.
8055.
schisticeps.
8056.
columboides.
8063.
Belocercns longicaudus.
8065.
crytbrogenys.
8068.
javanicus. (?)
Subfam. LoRiNiE (II, p. 151).
8167. Corii)bilus taitianus.
8168. smaragdiuus.
8169. Loriculus galgulus.
8172. vernalis.
8173. iudicus.
8184. Lorius domicslla.
8191. Cbalcopsitta ater.
8195. Viui kublii.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 327
8196. Villi friugillaceus.
8198. Pliigys solitarius.
tSubfam. Triciioglossin.e (II, p. 165).
8210. Ti'iclioglossus rubritorqnis.
8211. novae-liollandisB.
8214. masseua.
8217. cliloroleijidotus.
8224. Ptilosclera versicolor.
8225. Nauodes discolor.
8226. Glossopsitta concinna.
8227. pusilla.
8228. porpliyrocephala.
8239. Eclectiis linii;ei.
8240. rorratus.
8243. Muscarinns polycblorus. (?)
8247. Taiiyguathus lucioiieusis. (?)
Subfani. Nestorin.e (II, p. 158).
8252. Nestor meridioualis.
Subfam. PsittaciXzI<: (II, p. 159).
83*^0. Psittinus iucertus.
Fam. CACATUID^.
Subfani. CacatuiN/E (II, p. 168).
8383. Calopsitta iiov^-hollaudiae.
8384. Cacatua biematnropygia.
8391. galerita.
8399. Lopbocbroa leadbeateri.
8400. saiigiiiuea.
8401. Eolopbns roseicapillus.
Subfam. Calyptorhynciiix.e (II, p. 170).
8405. Calyptorhyncbus baiiksi.
8408. Kolandri.
8410. fuiiereus.
8412. Calloceplialon galeatus.
Fam. STRIGOPID^.
8416. Strigops babroptilus.
Fam. CAPITONID^.
Subfam. PoGOXORiiYXCmxyE (II, p. 172).
8418. Pogonorbyucbus dubius.
8422. toDiuatns.
8425. leucomelas.
Subfam. Megalaimix.k (II, p. 173).
8432. Megalaima vircns.
8433. versicolor.
8435. cbrysopogon.
8436. myatacopbauos.
8437. beurici.
8438. armilhiris.
8442. Cyauojis asiatica.
8445. Xaiitbolaima I'osea.
8448. byjraacepbala.
8450. duvancellii.
8454. Cbotorea corvina.
8457. caniceps.
8459. viridis.
8479. Calorbamplius hitbarai.
8487. Psilopogon pyrolophus.
Fam. PICID^.
Subfam. Picin.e (II, p. 181).
8536. Picoides tridactylus.
8540. crissoleucus. (?)
8541. Picus major.
8552. Dendi'odromas leucouotus.
85.55. Deiidrocoptes medius.
8558. Xylocopus minor.
8577. Yungipicus scintilliceps.
8.588. mohicceusis.
8631. Reinwardtipicus validus.
8634. Dryocopus martins.
8643. Cbrysocoloptes sultaneus.
8657. Mesopicus menstruus.
8666. Hemicircus sordidus.
8667. concretus.
8671. Geciuus viridis.
8676. guerini.
8677. cauus.
8(!82. Chrysopblegma miniata.
8686. mental is.
8687. punicea.
8707. Tbripouax javensis.
8746. Bracbypteruns puncticollis.
8755. Gauropicoides rafflesi.
Subfam. CoLAPTiXyE (II, p. 202).
8838. Meiglyptes tristis. (?)
8839. grammitborax.
8840. Micropteruus pbaioceps. (?)
8842. brunueus.
8844. squamigularis.
Subfam. YuNGiXiE (II, p. 204).
8848. Yunx torquilla.
Fam. CUCULID^.
Subfam. IxdioatorixyE (II, p. 204).
8854. Indicator variogatus.
Subfam. PnyENicOPHAix.E (II, p. 205).
8867. Rbampbococcyx cnrvirostris.
8^71. Leptograramns cumingii.
8873. Zanclostomus javanicus.
88S1. Rbododytes diardi.
8884. sumatranus.
8885. Rbinorlba cbloropbtea.
328 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Sabfam. CEXXROPODiNyE (II, p. 212).
8356. Centrococcyx viridis.
8'3i>5. siueQsis.
8980. Nesocentor melaiiops.
8082. Polopliilus phasianns.
8983. macrourus.
Subfam. CuculinvE (II, p. 215).
8985. Cuculus canorus.
9006. Nicoclarius cauorinus.
9007. optatus.
9008. tenuirostria.
9013. Cacomautis pallidus.
9015. Ololygon lugubris.
9016. merulinus.
9017. threnodes.
9019. souneratii. (?)
9020. flabelliformis.
9027. simus. (Type.)
9028. brouzinus.
9042. Laraprococcyx lucidus.
9050. Coccystes glandarius.
9061. coromaudus.
9069. Eudynaiuis malayana. (f )
9070. minandensis.
9071. cyauocephala.
9072. orientalis. ■
9077. taitiensis.
9078. Scythrops novfe-bollandise.
Fam. COLUMBID^.
Subfam. Treronin^ (II, p. 222).
9090. Crocopus cblorogaster. (I)
9091. Osmotrei'ou malabaiica.
9095. olax. (?)
9096. viridis.
9102. Biitreron capellei.
9116. Ptilinopus swainsoui.
9117. ewingi.
9121. perousii.
9122. fasciatus.
9124. greyi.
9131. Knrutreron purpnratus.
9134. coralensis. (Tyjie. )
9150. Eampbiculus janibii.
9158, Lamprotrerou superbus.
Subfam. Columbine (II, p. 228).
9169. Carpopliaga clialybura.
9180. Globicera microcera.
9183. aurone. (Type.)
9184. vanwycki. (Tyi>e.)
9186. Serresius forsteri.
9187. Myristicivora bicolor.
9199. Ducula latrans. (Type.)
9211. lanthoeuas vitiensis.
9214. bypoinochroa.
9216. castaneiccps. (Type.)
9217. MegalopreiJia niaguifica.
9218. assimilis.
9221. Hemijjbaga noviB-zealandiae.
9222. spadicea.
922'i. Ptilocolpba griseopectus.
9228. Leucomekena norfolcieusis.
9230. Lopbokiimns antarcticus.
9231. Columba livia.
9233. scbimperi.
9234. intermedia.
9241. Palnmbsena oenas.
9243. Palumbus torquatus.
9246. olpldustonei.
9286. Geopelia striata.
9287. tranquilla.
9289. Erytbraucbcena bumeralis.
9290. Stictopeleia cuneata.
9293. Macropygia phasianella.
9294. tenuirostris. (?)
9311. Turtur auritus.
9313. nipicolus.
9315. suratensis.
9316. cbinensis.
9317. senegalensis.
9319. cinereus. (?)
9325. Streptopelia semitorquata.
9328. risoria.
9332. bumilis.
Subfam. GoURiXyE (II, p. 239).
9413. Ocypbaps lopbotes.
9415. Chalcopbaps indica.
9417. cbrysocblora.
9418. stepbaui.
9427. Pbaps cbalcoptera.
9428. elcgaus.
9431. Leucosarcia plcata.
9432. Pbapitreron leucotis.
9439. Calffinas nicobarica.
9442. Pblogcenas kizouica.
9446. erytbroptera.
9452. Goura coronata.
Fam. DIDUNCULIDJ2 (II, p. 248).
9455. Diduncukis strigirostris.
Fam. PTEEOCLID^E.
Subfam. Pteroclix^ (II, p. 249).
9457. Pterocles arenarius.
9467. Pteroclurus alcbata.
Subfam. Syrrhaptin.e (II, p. 250).
9471. Syrrbaptes paradoxus.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
529
Fam. MEGAPODID.E.
Subfam. Talegallix.e (II, p. 254).
9537. Talegallus latliami.
Subfam. Megapodix.-e (II, p. 255).
9547. Megapodius tumulus.
Fam. PHASIANID^.
Subfam. Pavonix.e (II, p. 255).
9.560. Pavo cristatus.
9563. Polyplectrou bicalcaratum.
9572. Argusianus giganteus.
Subfam. Phasianen.e (II, p. 257).
9574. Phasiauus colcliicus.
9575. torquatus.
9577. versicolor.
9.',85. Chrysolophus pictus.
9587. Puciasia macrolopha.
9589. xauthospila.
9597. Enplocomus vieilloti.
9.599. "Acomus iiyrouotus.
9601. Gallophasis albocristatus.
9302. leucomelanos.
9307. Gennaius nycthemerus.
Subfam. Gallin.e (II, p. 261).
9G14. Gallus fcrrugineus.
9616. sounerati.
9620. Creagrius varins. (?)
9821. Ceriomis satyrus.
Subfam. NUMID1N.E (II, p. 262),
9629. Numida meleagris.
Fam. TETRAONID^.
Subfam. Perdicin/E (II, p. 263).
9647. Ptemistes nudicollis.
9652. afer.
9660. Scleroj)tera africana. (?)
9680. Francolinus vulgaris.
9381. cliiuensis.
9688. Perdix cinerea.
9705. Coturuix communis.
9707. coromaudelica.
9708. pectoralis.
9711. Synoicus australis.
9715. Perdicula cambayensis. (?)
9720. Microperdix erythrorhyucha.
9721. Excalfactoria chiuensis. (?)
Subfam. Eollulix/E (II, p. 269).
9726. Rollulus roulroul.
9727. Melauoperdix niger. •
Subfam. Turxicix.-e (II, p. 270).
9729. Turuix sylvatica.
9743. varia.
9749. Areoturnix pugiiax.
Subfam. CACCABixiNiE (II, p. 274).
9801. Lerwa uivicola.
9802. Caccabis saxatilis.
9803. gneca.
9805. chukar.
9803. rufa.
9811. Alectoris petrosa.
9813. Ammoperdix heyi.
9815. Tetraogallus bimalaycrisis.
Subfam. Tetkaoxin^ (II, p. 275).
9819. Tetrao urogallus.
9821. hybridus.
9822. Lyrurus tetrix.
9832. Tetra-stes betuliuus.
9835. Lagopus scoticus.
9837. mutus.
I'am CASUARIIDyE.
Subfam. Deomaiix/E (III, p. 2).
9845. Dromaius uovte-liollandia^,.
Subfam. Casuariin^ (III, p. 2).
. Casuarius (uudetermiued).
Fam. APTERYGID.E (III, p. 3).
9853. Apteryx australis.
9855. oweui.
Fam. OTIDID.E (III, p. 7).
9913. Otis tarda.
9914. Tetrax campestris.
9921. Choriotis australis.
9930. Afrotis afra.
9937. Houbara uudulata.
9938. macquceni.
Fam. CHARADRIID.E.
Subfam. (EDicxEMiXiE (III,i). 9).
9939. ffidicnemis crepitans.
9947. Burhiuus grallarius.
9948. Esacus magnirostris.
Subfam. Ciiaraduiix.e (III, p. 10).
9950. Vauellus cristatus.
9953. Cliettusia gregaria.
9954. wagleri.
9959. Lobivanellus iudica.
9961. lobata.
330 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
9939. Hoplopterns spiuosus.
9976. Sarciophorus pectoralis.
9978. Stepbanibyx melanoptunis.
998-2. Charadrius apricarius.
9984. lougipes. (Winter pi.
only.)
9985. fulvus. (Winter pi. and
young only!)
9989. Eudromias moriuellus.
9991. australis.
9992. veredus.
999.3. Cirrepidesmns geoffroyi.
9994. mongolicns.
9995. pyrrho thorax.
9998. ^Egialites liiaticula.
9999. liuviatilis.
10000. philippinus.
10002. tricollaris.
10008. nigrifrons.
10013. Ochtliodromus biciuctus.
10014. Leucopolius marginatus.
10016. kittlitzi.
10020. iEgialophilus cantianus.
10021. rutiicapillus,
10024. Anarbynclius frontalis.
Earn. GLAREOLID^.
Subfam. Glareolin^ (III, p. 17).
10026. Glareola pratincola.
10031. orientalis.
10032. Stiltia grallaria.
Subfam. Cursokin^ (III, p. 18).
10035. Pluvianus a;gyiitius.
10036. Cursorius gallicus.
Earn. CHIONIDID^ (III, p. 20).
10056. Chionis minor.
Fam. H^MATOPODIDvE (III, p. 21).
10057. Haematopus ostralegus.
. osculans Swinb.
10062. lougirostris.
Fam. GRUIDJE (III, p. 24).
10079. Grus cinerea.
10081. monacba.
10091. australasiana.
10092. Antbropoides virgo.
10094. Balearica pavonina.
Fam. ARDEIDJi.
Subfam. Ardeix^ (III, p. 26).
10099. Ardea cinerea.
10101. paciiica.
10102. Ardea purpurea.
10108. Herodias alba.
10110. intermedia.
. modesta.
10113. Garzetta nivea.
10117. Demiegretta uoviB-bollandiae.
10120. sacra.
10132. Bubulcus ibis.
10133. coromanda.
10134. Ardeola couiata.
10140. prasinicollis. (Juv.)
10146. cinuamomea.
10147. sinensis.
10148. Ardetta minuta.
10157. Butorides javanica.
10160. patruelis. (Type.)
Subfam. BoTAUKixiE (III, p. 32).
10161. Botaurus stellaris.
10162. poiciloptilus.
10171. Nyctiardea nycticoras.
10172. caledonica.
Fam. CICONIID^. *
Subfam. CicONiiNiE (III, p. 34^.
10184. Ciconia alba.
10186. Melanopelargus nigra.
10187. episcopus.
Subfam. Plataleid^e (III, p, 37).
10199. Platalea leucorodia.
10203. Platibis tiavipes.
10204. Si)atberodia melanorhyncba.
Fam. TANTALID^.
Subfam. Tajv^talin^ (III, p. 38).
10208. Tantalus ibis.
Subfam. iBiDiNiE (III, p. 38).
10214. Plegadis falcinellus.
10220. Carpbibis spinicoUis.
10221. Tbreslviornis ;etbiopicus.
10224. strictipennis.
Fam. SCOLOPACID^.
Subfam, Limosin^ (III, p. 41).
10239. Numenius arquata.
10241.
10246.
10249.
10252.
10254.
10257.
10258.
10259.
tenuirostris.
tabitiensis.
pbajopus.
luzoniensis.
minor.
femoralis. (Type.)
Limosa jegocepbala.
lai^ponica.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 331
10251. Limosa uropygialis. (=10262.)
10282. novie-zealuutUas
19265. Therekia ciuerea.
Subfam. Totanin.e (III, p. 44).
10266. Totaniis staguatilis.
10267. Helodromas ochrophus.
10268. Rhyacoj)liilus glareola.
10270. Heteroscehis iucanus.
10272. ? calidris.
10275. Erytbroscelns fuscus.
10276. Glottis canescens.
10279. Triiigoides hypoleuciis.
10283. Tryiigites caucellata. (Types of
parrirostris, Peale.)
Subfaui. RecuhviijostiuxzE (III, p. 47).
10285. Recnrvirostra avocetta.
10287. rubricollis.
10291. Cladorhyuchus pectoralis.
10292. Himantopus aiituinnalis.
10295. lencoceplialus.
10296. novjE-zealandiie.
Subfam. Tringin^ (III, p. 48),
10299. Pbilomachus pugnax.
10304. Limnocinclus acnminatiis.
10305. Liniicola platyrbynclia.
10310. Schoeniclns cinclus.
10311. Actodroinas ininuta.
10313. salina.
10314. australis.
10315. Leinionites temmincki.
10319. Ancylocbeilus subarqiiata.
10323. Euriuorbynclius pygmaius.
Subfam. Scolopacin^ (III, p. 51).
10328. Gallinago major.
10329. scolopaciua.
10330. macrodactyla.
10331. australis.
10341. nemoricola.
10342. galliuula.
10343. solitaria.
10344. liorslieldi.
10347. aucklaudica. (Types of
holmesi, Peale).
10352. Scolopax rnsticola.
10353. saturata.
10356. Rliyncbaea capeusis.
10357. beugaleusis.
10358. australis.
Fam. RALLID^.
Subfam. Ocydromin^ (III, j). 56).
10333. Ocydromus australis.
10365. earlei.
10375. Hyi)ota;uidea torquata.
10377. pliilippeusis.
10378. striata.
10390. Ralliua fasciata.
10391. fusca.
10395. rubiginosa. (?)
10401. miuabasa. (?)
Subfam. Rallin^ (III, p. 58).
10408. Ralhis aquaticus.
. indicus.
10450. Ortygoraetra crex.
10451. Porzana maruetta.
10452. novie-hoIlaudiiB.
104G1. Zaporuia pygm;ea.
10462. miiiuta.
10463. tabuensis.
10464. ' quadristrigata.
Fam. GALLINULID^.
Subfam. PoKPiiYRioNiXiE (III, p. 64).
10476. Porpbyrio veterum.
10478. melauotus.
10481. iudieus.
10484. vitieusis. (Types.)
Subfam. GALLixuLiNiE (III, p. 66).
10495. Galliuula chloropus.
10496. teuebrosa.
. sandwicbensis Streets.
10508. Eyrtlira i)boeiiicura.
10511. Gallicrex cristata.
Subfam. Fulicin.e (III, p. 67).
10513. Fulica atra.
10514. australis.
1J519. alai. (Types.)
10521. Lupha cristata.
Fam. PARRID^ (III, p. 69).
10537. Metopodius albinucba.
10.538. iudica.
10539. Hydralector cristata.
10540. Hydropbasiauus cbirurgus.
Fam. PHCENICOPTERID^ (III, p. 72).
10544. PhoeuicoiJterus autiquorum.
Fam. ANATID^E.
Subfam. PLECTROPTERINiE (III, p. 73).
10552. Auserauas melanoleuca.
10555. Sarkidiornis melauouota. ( $ )
10557. Cbenalopex tegyptiaca.
Subfam. Anserinji.
10561.
10563.
Auscr ciuercus.
segetum.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
10505. Anser albifroiis.
10568. Marilocheu erytbropus,
10574. Cyguojisis cy<>noides.
10577. Chlamidocheu jubata.
10582. Leucopareia sandwichensis.
10596. Auserella albipenuis.
Snbfam. CvGNiNyE (III, p. 78).
10597. Cygnus olor.
10300. Olor cygnus.
10605. Cbenopis atratus.
Subfam. Anatin^ (III, p. 79).
10608. Dendrocygna arcuata.
10611. major. (?)
10617. Leptotarsis eytoni.
10618. Tadorna corniita.
106*20. Stictonetta uiBvosa. •
10621. Casarca rutila.
10622. tadoruoides.
10623. variegata.
10827. Aix galericulata.
10628. Mareca penelope.
10631. punctata.
10646. Auas luzonica.
10647. superciliosa.
10648. cblorotis. ( 9 juv. ouly.)
10656. Querquedula circia.
10661. Nettiou crecca.
10863. gibberifrons. (?)*
. eytoni. (Kerguelen Isl-
and.)
10871, Eunetta falcata.
10672. formosa.
. Cbaulelasmus couesi Streets.
(Types.)
10675. Marmonetta angustirostris.
10677. Spatula rbyucliotis.
10381. Malacorh.yucbus meinbrauaceus.
Subfam. Fuligulin^.
10683. Fuligiila rufina.
10684. Fulix cristata.
10689. Aythya ferina.
10693. Nyroca leucoj)litbalma.
10694. australis.
10710. Oidemia uigra.
10714. Melanetta fusca.
Subfam. Erismaturin.e (III, p. 89).
10716. Biziura lobata.
10718. Erismatura leucocepbala.
Snbfam. Mergix^ (III, p. 91).
10734. Mergellus albellus.
*From Kcw Zealand
Fam. PODICIPID^ (III, p. 92).
10793. Podiceps cristatus.
10740. anstralis (= 10793)
10747. Pedeaitbyia griseigena.
10751. Dytes auritus. .
107.53. Proctopus nigricollis.
10763. Sylbeocyclus minor.
10766. novie-bollandijB.
Fam. SPHENISCID^ (III, p. 98).
10796. Pygoscelis papua.
10801. antipoda.
10803. Dasyrhampbus adeliEe.
10805. Eudyptila minor.
Fam. PROCELLARID^.
Subfam. Pelecanoidin^ (III, p. 102).
10825. Pelecanoides urinatrix.
Subfam. Procellarin^ (III, p. 102).
10386. Pufifinus assimilis.
. nativitatus Streets. (Type:
Cbristmas Island.)
10852. Procellaria nereis.
10861. Oceanites lineata. (Type.)
10864. Pelagodroma fregata.
10868. Fregetta melanogastra.
10876. Priocella antarctica.
10881. (Estrelata lessoni.
10882. rostrata. (Type.)
10884. incerta.
10889. parvirostris. (Type.)
. kidderi Coues. (Type:
Kerguelen Island.)
10893. Cooliilaria cooki.
10897. mollis. (Type.)
10902. Halobajua caerulea.
10903. Pagodroraa nivea.
10907. Pterodroma macroptera.
10915. Majaqueus tequinoctialis.
10921. Pseudoprion turtur.
Subfam. Diomedeinjs (III, p. 109).
10925. Diomedea exulans.
10929. Thalassarcbe melanophrys.
Fam. LARID.E.
Subfam. Lakiave (III, p. 111).
10905. Larus canus.
109.53. Doniinicanns vociferns.
10959. Clupeilarns fuscus.
10969. Laroides cacliinnans.
10974. miclialiellesii. (Juv.)
10977. Blasipus crassirostris.
- A . gracilis EuUer.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
10979. Adelarus hempriclii.
10980. Ictbyaetus pallasi. (Jiiv.)
10981. Chroicoceplialus ridibundus.
10982. capistratus.
10983. bruDueiceplialus.
11001. HydrocoljBus miuiitus.
11002. Gelastes novse-liollaudiai.
11004. audersoui.
Siibfara. STERNIN.E (III, p. 117).
11030. Sterua longipeunis.
11034. frontalis.
11044. Actochelidon cantiaca.
11045. affinis.
11057. Thalassens bergii.
11059. noviB-hollandiae.
11062. Stornula miuuta.
11071. Pelodes hybrida.
11078. albistriata.
. vittata. (Kergueleu Isl-
and.)
11081. Haliplana lunala. (Type.)
11082. Thalassipora infuscata. (?)
11083. Gygisalba.
11089. Procellosterna ciuerea.
Fam. PHAETONTID^ (III, p. 124).
11098. Phaeton rubricaudus.
Fara. PLOTID.E (III, p. 125).
11102. Plotus uovaB-hollandia3.
Fam. PELECANID^.
Subfam. Guaculix/E (III, p. 126).
11114. Graculus iiova?-bol]andiae.
11120. cristatus.
11124. glaucus.
11134. Hypoleucus varius.
11135. leucogaster.
11137. caruucnlatus.
11140. Stictocarbo puuctatns.
11142. Microcarbo pygmasus.
11144. melanognatbos. (?)
11146. brevirostris.
11149, sulcirostris.
Subfam. Pelecanin^ (III, p. 129).
11151. Pelccauus onocrotalus.
11152. crispus.
11153. mitratns.
11154. javauicus.
11158. Catoptropelicauus couspicillatus.
Subfixm. AxAGENiXiE.
111G2. Atageu minor.
NOTES OIV SOIVIE COSTA RI€AIV BIRDS.
By ROBEKT RIDGWAY.
The following birds, all»of greater or less interest, Lave recently been
received at the Xatiojial Museum from Sr. Don Jose C. Zeledon, of San
Jose:
1. Catharus fuscater (Lafr.) Scl. (?)
What seems to be a somewhat immature example of this species
appears at first sight to be quite a different bird from two fully adult
specimens, a male and a female, from the same country. In these adults
the throat and jugulum are entirely uniform dull ash-gray, while the
entire abdomen is white.* The specimen in question, however, has the
* The male is the example mentioned by Mr. Lawrence (Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, -p. 90)
as having been compared with Lafresnaye's type of the species, and found to differ in
having the "centre of the breast and abdomen pale yellowish fulvous instead of
Avhite", and the bill mainly bright orange instead of yellowish white. Now, how-
ever, after a lapse of thirteen years, I tind the same specimen with the abdomen
white and the bill pale yellowish, showing that the difference was the result of fading
of the older type specimen, as Mr. Lawrence himself suggested.
334 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
chill and throat indistinctly streaked with dingy whitish and dusky,
wliile the jugnhmi and entire sides are dark shite, very much darker
than in the other suecimens, only the centre of the abdomen being
"whitish. Some of the feathers of the breast show indistinct whitish
shaft-streaks, while the entire under surface is pervaded by a greater
or less amount of fuliginous wash. The entire upper parts are a per-
fectly uniform bhick, the other specimens having a decidedly shite-col-
ored cast. The bill and feet of this siiecimen still retain their brilliant
hue, the entire mandible and edges of the maxilla being an intense
orange-red, while the legs and feet are a deep orange-yellow color. The
collector's notes ujion the label are as follows : " Iris white ; bill orange-
red, with upper mandible black; tarsi and feet orange- yellow".
This specimen was obtained at Cuscua, La Palma, September 25,
1881, by Mr. Juan Cooper.
2. Thryothoriis hyperythrus Salv. «fc Godni. (Biolog. Centr.-Am. Aves, i, p. 91).
A single specimen from Carrillos, Alajuela (October, 1879; Juan
Cooper), agrees exactly with examples from Veragua and Panama.
3. Troglodytes (?) ochraceus, sp. nov.
Sp. ch. — Above bright tawny-brown, duller posteriorly, the forehead
and lores more ochraceous ; a very conspicuous superciliary stripe of
bi'ight ochraceous, most distinct posteriorly by reason of its strong
contrast with a broad post-ocular stripe of dusky brown. Entire side
of head (except as described), with whole lower parts, bright tawny-
ochraceous, paler, but by no means inclining to white, on the throat
and abdomen (the last deep buff), liemiges and wing-coverts nar-
rowly barred or vermiculated with dusky, their inner webs uniformly
of this color; tail dull brown, narrowly and irregulary barred, or ver-
miculated, with dusky. Crissum bright ochraceous-biiff with a few
rather indistinct bars of dusky. Lining of wing plain pale ochraceous;
inner webs of remiges edged with grayish white. Wing, 1.80; tail,
1.25; ciilmen, .65; tarsus, .70; middle toe, .50. 3d, 4th, and 5tli quills
ejiual and longest; 2(1 equal to 7th; 1st much shorter than the second-
aries (.60 shorter than longest primary). Tail graduated, lateral feather
.25 or .30 shorter than middle pair ; rectrices very narrow. Culmen
regularly and very decidedly curved from the base.
Type, jSfo. 85547, coll. U. S. Ifat. Mus. Volcan de Irazu, Costa Rica,
October 10, 1880 ; Juan Cooper.
This diminutive and very pretty Wren is very different both in
proportions and coloration from any other species with which I am
acquainted. In size it is about equal to Anorf Intra troglodytes, but it is
otherwise not to be compared with that sjiecies, the bill being more
curved than in any other member of the grou]) that I have seen (except,
perhaps, CVopsi/d leucogastra, of which the only specimen of which, that
I have been able to examine, has the bill broken). It is with consider-
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 335
able doubt tliut I refer it to Tvoglo(hjtes at all, aiul I do so only because
I do uot know where else to i^lace it, while 1 am leluctaut to institute a
uew genus for its special reception. Comparing it with specimens of
typical Troglodiites {T. ai'don, T. farms, T. tesselatus, T. hnoiiieicollis,
»&c.), Anorthura troglodytes, and Uropsila leucogastra, 1 lind that it agrees
best with the latter in pattern of coloration and in general form, but
the wing is much less rounded, the tarsi shorter, and the nostrils very
different; those of Uropsila being (in the specimen before me) broadly
oval, with very little membrane above them, while the present bird has
a narrow, longit^^dinal or slit-like nostril overhung by a broad scale. I
am inclined to believe, however, that extreme caution is necessary in
using the shape of the nostril in dried skins as a generic character, since
its external appearance is so easily modified by accidental circumstances
attending the preparation of a specimen. For tlie i)resent, therefore, I
refer the species to Troglodytes, and leave further consideration of the
question of its generic relationship in abeyance.
As to the coloration of this species, it is most like T. hrunncicolUs, but
the tint which prevails over the entire lower parts and the greater part
of the head in T. ochraceus is decidedly brighter and more yellowish
than the light rufous color of T. hrunneicollis, which, moreover, has this
color restricted to the throat, jugulum, and breast. Furthermore, in
T. ochraceus there is not the slightest indication of bars or other mark-
ings on the sides or flanks.
Genus ACANTHIDOPS, nobis.
{'AKr^v^ig, i(hc = AcantJiis, and ij}p= fades.)
Gen. ch. — Most nearly related to Automolus, PlaccUodromus, and
allied genera in structure of the feet, &g., but very different in form of
bill, and other characters. Bill about as long as the middle toe, cune-
ate in all its protiles, somewhat swollen basally, the culmen and lateral
outlines decidedly concave in the middle portion ; mandibular tomin-
very strongly inllexed, with a prominent angle near the base, anterior
toAvhichthe edge is decidedly concave ; maxillary tomia with a decided
notch near the base, immediately above the mandibular angle; gonys
very long (about equal to the exposed portion of the culmen); nostrils
exposed, small, longitudinal, occupying less than tlie lower half of the
nasal fossa^. Tarsus a little longer than tlie middle toe and claw, divided
into about six plates, but these entirely fused on the outer side, except
the lower one, which is distinct; lateral toes equal, the points of their
claws falling short of the base of the middle chiw ; inner toe entirely
separated at the base from the middle toe, and outer with only its first
phalanx united ; hallux about equal in length to the lateral toes, l)ut
much stronger, its claw decidedly larger than that of the middle toe.
OOO PROCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Wings decidedly longer tlian the tail, very concave beneatb, tlie 3d,
4tli, and 5tli quills nearly equal and longest, the 2d very little shorter,
the 1st about equal to the 7th. Tail about equal to the wing measured to
the ends of the secondaries, nearly even or very slightly rounded, con-
sisting of twelve rectrices, which are acute but not stiffened at the
points; the outer web of the intermedia) broader at the base than the
inner web.
Type, A. bairdi, sp. no v.
This remarkable genus is so very distinct from any other hitherto
described that it is quite difficult to decide where to place it. It evi-
dently belongs, however, to the Synallaxiue group, on account of the
structure of the feet, but the bill is so widely different from that of any
other member of the family {^''Bendrocolaptidw^') as to suggest certain
Fringilline forms, as Cardiielis and Chrysomitris. In fact, the bill is so
similar in form to that of the genera named that the collector had re-
ferred it to the latter genus.
As characters additional to those given in the above diagnosis, it
may be stated that the bill is slightly notched near the tip ; that the
rictal bristles are so minute as to be hardly perceptible, and that the
posterior face of the tarsus, on both sides, is entirely undivided, in
which latter respect the present bird differs from Synallaxis and Placel-
lodromus, but agrees with Aiitomolus.
4. Acanthidops bairdi, sp. nov.
Sp. ch. — ^ {adult f) : Above dull olive-brown, the back washed with
rusty ; wings dusky, the middle and greater coverts tipjied with pale
rusty, forming two distinct bands, the inner secondaries broadly edged
with darker rusty; remaining secondaries narrowly skirted with dark
umber-brown, the primaries with light, dull ochraceous or yellowish
olive. Tail dusky, the outer webs slightly greenish olivaceous. Pileum
indistinctly streaked with dusky; sides of the head and neck dull oliv-
aceous, lighter than the crown and nape ; chin and throat still paler,
the feathers pale ashy beneath the sui-face ; rest of lower ])arts dull, light
olivaceous, tinged with deeper olive across the breast and along the
sides. Maxilla blackish, paler along the edge; mandible whitish; legs
and feet light brownish (in dried skin) ; "iris pale blue." Wing, 2.50;
tail, 2.20; culmen, .58; commissure, .65; tarsus, .80; middle toe, .CO.
Type, iSTo. 85549, coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., Volcan de Irazu, Costa Eica,
Oct. 10, 1880; Juan Cooper.
5. Nyctibus jamaicensis (Gin.) Gosse.
Two very fine specimens, both females, from Sarchi, Alajuela (altitude
3,000 feet), August and September, l&Sl, agree with examples from Co-
lombia and Eastern Peru, in rich dark colors. The two skins differ much
in proportions, however, though evidently l)oth adults ; and after com-
paring with a considerable series of specimens from Jamaica, Mirador
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 337
(Eastern Mexico), Panama, Bogota, and Eastern Pern, I am unable to
detect difterences other than what appear to be chiefly of an individual
character, though there is much variation both in size and colors among
the different specimens.
OCSCRIPTIOIV OF A NEW FLY-CATCHER AND A SIJPJPOSED NEW
PETRFL. FROm THE SANDWICH ISIiANDS.
By ROBERT RID01%^AY.
Chasiempis sclateri, sp. nov.
Sp. ch. — Above dull ferruginous, more umber on the back, more ru-
fesceut on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; sides of head and neck,
chin, throat, and breast bright ochraceous- rufous ; rest of lower parts
pure white, the sides tinged with rufous ; wings and tail dusky, the
middle and greater coverts tipped with pale ferruginous, producing two
distinct bands ; secondaries edged with pale dull rusty ; inner webs of
rectrices (except middle pair) tipped with white, this about .40 Df an
inch wide on the lateral pair and decreasing in extent toward the inner
feathers. Wing, 2.70; tail, 2.70-2.75; tarsus, .95-1.00; middle toe, .45.
Types, Nos. 41955 and 4195C, coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., Waimea Kaui,
Sandwich Islands ; V. Knudsen.
Although I have been unable to compare the specimens described
above with either C. sandwichcnsis (Gin.) or G. dimidiata (Hartl. &
Finsch), I am satisfied, from reference to the descriptions of these in
Sharpe's catalogue of the Muscicapidw ("Catalogue of the Birds in
the British Museum," vol. iv), pp. 231-233, that it is quite distinct spe-
cifically. The former is described as having the " wing-coverts black,
tipped with white spots," the " under wing-coverts white," the cheeks
and throat white, the tail only 2.15 inches in length, and the tarsus only
.85 long ; while the latter is still more different both in proportions and
colorations.
Cymochorea cryptoleucura, sj), uov.
Sp. ch. — Adult: Uniform fuliginous, the head and upper surface more
slaty, the greater wing-coverts and outer webs of tertials paler, inclin-
ing to dull ash-gray; remiges and rectrices dull black, the latter (except
middle pair) white at the base; upper tail-coverts white, the loyiger
feathers broadly tipped with Uaclcish (as in Procellaria pekuiica) ; anal
region mixed with white, and white of the upper coverts extending
laterally to the sides of the crissum. Tail only sliglitly forked or emar-
ginated, the outer feathers being only about .20-30 of an inch longer
than the middle pair. Bill, legs, and feet (including webs) deep black;
wing, 5.80-6.30 ; tail, 3.00-3.15 ; bill (measured in straight line from base
of culmen to point of the maxilla), .00; tarsus, .85-.90; middle toe, with
daiv, .85-.90.
Proc. l!^"at. Mus. 81 22 March 29, 1 8 83.
338 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Eab. — Waimea Kaui, Sandwich Islands ( V. Knudsen). (Types, Nos.
41949 and 41950, coll, U. S. Nat. Mus.)
This fonrth species of Cymochorea is very different from C. leucorrhoa
(the only other having white on the tail -coverts), in several very im-
portant particulars, as follows: (1) The upper tail-coverts are pure
white, terminated by a band of black .35-50 of an inch wide; (2) the
rectrices (except the middle pair) are distinctly white at the base,
though this white is concealed by the coverts ; (3) the greater wing-
£Overts and outer webs of the tertials are much darker, offering less
decided contrast with the general color of the wings ; (4) the tail is
much less deeply forked, the depth of the fork not exceeding .30 of an
inch, whereas in G. leucorrhoa it amounts to about .75 of an inch. In
other respects the two species are much alike.
This bird is a true Cymochorea, having very prominent nasal tubes,
the outer toe longer than the middle, the tarsus about equal to the mid-
dle toe (with claw), and the first primary shorter than the fourth as in
the typical species of that genus.
DESCRIPTIONS OF TIIIUTY-THREE TSIEW SPECIES OF FISHES
FROM iUAZATr.AN, MEXICO.
By DAVID S. JORDAN aed CHARLES H. GILBERT.
During the fall and winter of 1880-81, Mr. Gilbert spent ten weeks
at Mazatlan, on the west coast of Mexico, in making collections of fishes
for the United States National Museum, Que hundred and seventy
species were obtained, of which the following appear to be new to science:
1. Clupea stoUfera.
2. Pristigaster lutipinnis.
3. Stolephorus ischanus.
4. Stolephorus lucidus.
5. Stolephorus exiguus.
6. Stolephorus curtus.
7. Stolephorus miarchus.
8. Synodus scituUceps.
9. Murcena pinta.
10. Murcena pintita.
11. Ophiehthys xysturus.
12. Ophiehthys zophochir.
13. Murwnesox coniceps.
14. Atherinella eriarcha.
15. Caranx mnctus.
16. Serranus calopteryx.
17. Liitjanus coloradoi
18. Littjanus prieto.
19. Micropogon ectenes.
20. Scicena icistia.
21. Scar us perrico.
22. Pomacanthtis crescentalis.
23. Gobiesox zehra.
24. GoMesox eos.
25. GoMesox eryfhrops.
26. Gobiesox adustus.
27. Gobiosoma zosterurum.
28. Cliniis zonifer.
29.' Tripterygium carminale.
30. Salarias chiostietus.
31. Fierasfer arenicola.
32. Etropus crossotus.
33. Maltheelater.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 339
1. Clupea stolifera, sp. nov. (28125.)
Allied to Clupea Ule, C. & V.
Body deep, mncli compressed; the dorsal outline with a slight curve;
ventral outline more strongly arched ; body deepest immediately before
dorsal fin. Head short, preopercnlar margin subvertical ; opercle but
little oblique, evenly curved. Mouth very small, oblique; maxillary
reaching to below front of pupil; lower jaw longer than the upper, which
is scarcely emargiuate; tip of lower jaw not reaching level of upper
profile of snout. Both jaws with a few very small, weak, deciduous teeth ;
none on vomer or palatines; tongue with a very distinct linear patch.
Gill-rakers slender and numerous, the longest about three-fifths diameter
of orbit ; about 29 on anterior limb of arch. Eye large, longer than
snout and more than one-third length of head.
Dorsal fin inserted anteriorly, its origin nearer end of snout than base
of caudal, by a distance equalling one-half length of head; the first long
rays are much longer than base of fin, which is about three-fifths length of
head. Anal fin short and low ; distance of its origin from base of caudal
equals height of body. Caudal scarcely longer than head, the lower
lobe longer than the upper. Pectorals reaching two-thirds distance to
root of ventrals, 1^ in head. Yentrals inserted nearly under first dorsal
ray, their length If in head.
Scales smooth, firm, closely adherent, their edges entire ; a very narrow
sheath of scales along bases of dorsal and anal fins ; caudal fin scaled
for one-half its length. Ventral scutes very strongly developed, run-
ning from thorax to front of anal, the posterior with strong s^jines; 17
in front of ventral fins, 12 behind them.
Head, 4i| in length to base of caudal ; depth, 3J. D. 14 ; A. 10 ; L.
lat. 40 ; L. transv. 11.
Color translucent ; sides with silvery luster ; each scale on back with
marginal half black-punctate ; a dark line along median line of back,
becoming distinctly blackish on tail; snout greenish above, its tip and
the end of the lower jaw dusky; a very bright, well-defined, silvery
band along sides (as in Atherina and Stolejyhorus), margined above with
a narrow bluish line; this band is constantly widest at middle of body,
tapering slightly towards head and caudal jjeduncle, abruptly expand-
ing at the end of the latter and covering nearly the entire breadth of
the end of the tail. The width of this band is just the depth of one
scale, a little more than the depth of the pupil. Dorsal and caudal fins
light yellowish-green, the tips of anterior rays of dorsal and of uj^per
and lower caudal lobes usually jet-black. The base of each anal ray
marked by black dots. Paired fins immaculate.
Many specimens of this beautiful, well-marked species were obtained
at Mazatlan, where it is very common. It does not reach a greater length
than 5 or G inches, and usually escapes through the coarse meshes of
the fishermen's seines.
The numerous types of C stolifera are numbered 28125 on the reg-
ister of the National Museum.
340 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
2. Pristigaster lutipinnis, sp. nov. (28126, 28209, 28320.)
Body elougate, very strongly compresised, especially towards ventral
outline ; profile nearly straight from origin of dorsal to occiput, where
it forms a slight angle ; head small, its upper outline but little descend-
ing, the lower rapidly rising. Mouth large, very oblique, the lower jaw
longest, its tip almost entering upper profile of head ; maxillary reach-
ing to or slightly beyond vertical from anterior margin of pupil, its
length a little more than half head. Teeth large, in a single series in
each jaw; in the upper jaw numerous and comparatively close-set, in
the lower few and distant, but considerably larger 5 margin of maxillary
with minute, close-set teeth ; palatines and pterygoids toothed, vom'er
smooth. Eye very large, much longer than snout, and more than one-
third length of head. Gill-rakers not longer than j^upil, about 18 in
number ; pseudobranchire developed.
Dorsal small, i^osterior, its origin constantly slightly nearer base of
caudal than occiput. Pectorals long, not nearly reaching vent, slightly
shorter than head. Anal shorter than in other species, its origin mid-
way between middle of caudal base and front of eye, its base contained
2§ in body ; anterior anal rays highest, a little longer than eye. Lower
caudal lobe longest.
Scales thin, very readily deciduous ; ventral scutes very strong, run-
ning from throat to origin of anal fin. D. 13; A. 53; L. lat. 44; L. tr.
about 11; ventral scutes, 29 ; head, 4^ in length; depth, 3^.
Color: Greenish-olive above, on sides silvery with a tinge of yellow ; a
small black spot on upper angle of preopercle, and a larger very dis-
tinct black humeral spot ; a black line along dorsal ridge ; end of snout-
and tip of lower jaw black. Anal and caudal golden yellow on basal
portions, the tips transparent, dotted with black ; pectorals and dorsal
with a yellow blotch on middle of first rays, sometimes largely yellow.
This species is rare at Mazatlan and but few specimens were obtained.
It is very closely related to P. macrops and P. dovii, differing from them
chiefly in the fewer rays and backward position of the anal fin. The
tyi^es are about 6 inches long and are numbered 2812G, 28209, and
28320 in the United States i^ational Museum.
3. Stolephorus ischanus, sp. nov. (28246.)
Closely related to Stolephorus hrowni.
Body elongate, little compressed and scarcely elevated, nearly as
high at nape as at front of dorsal ; belly compressed, its edge usually
rounded. Head long and slender, its height at occiput but little
greater than half its length; opercular margin very oblique, forming
a more or less evident angle at junction with subopercle; cheeks
triangular, moderately broad ; opercle short. Maxillary slender, taper-
ing to a blunt point, not quite reaching opercular margin; teeth
small, evident for entire length of both jaws, those near symphysis of
lower jaw slightly enlarged. Gill-rakers numerous, of moderate length,
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 341
the longest about two-thirds diameter of orbit. Snout long, about
three-fourths length of orbit, ^yhich is large and contained three and
three-fourths times in length of head. Dorsal fin with upper margin
straight, the posterior rays not prolonged; origin of dorsal about equi-
distant from base of median caudal rays and front of orbit. Origin
of anal under base of posterior dorsal rays, midway between front of
orbit and tip of caudal ; its base very short, less than two-thirds length
of head. Caudal very short, much less than length of head, the lower
lobe the longest. Pectorals broad and short, not nearly reaching base
of ventrals, which reach about one-half distance to front of anal. Scales
thin, moderately deciduous.
Head, 33 in length; depth, 5; eye, 3 J in head. D. 13; A. IG; Lat. 1.
39 -f 2 ; L. tr. 7.
Color: Translucent, with silvery luster; a sharply-defined, bright
silvery band on sides, broadest opposite middle or end of anal, and
tapering each way ; the streak is confined to a single series of scales
(being distinctly narrower than in >S'. hroicni)-, sides of head bright sil-
very; top of head blackish above orbits; two large, well-defined clus-
ters of black dots behind occiput, one on each side of median line;
between dorsal and occiput from one to three series of scales black mar-
gined; behind dorsal the median series only thus margined. Median
line of back with a black streak the entire leiigtli; tip of snout, median
line of head anteriorly, and region behind orbits black-specked.
This species is very common in the harbor at Mazatlan, reaching a
length of 2| to 3 inches. The types are numbered 2924G U. S. Nat.
Mus. This is apparently the species recorded by Steindachner from the
west coast of Mexico as Enf/mulis hrowni. The latter species has a
deeper body, distinctly broader silvery stripe, and a larger number
(19-20) of rays in the anal fin.
4. Stolephorus lucidus, sp. nov. (^Sl^l.)
Body closely compressed but not greatly elevated, the dorsal outline
with a very weak arch ; belly more curved, carinate in front of aual fin,
but not serrate. Head short, rather pointed, the margin of opercle and
subopercle forming an even curve which is but little oblique.
Maxillary narrow, pointed, reaching to or slightly beyond mandibn-
lary joint, but not to gill-opening ; teeth very evident along entire
length of maxillary and mandible, becoming larger towards symphysis
of lower jaw ; snout short, projecting, about one-half diameter of orbit,
which is about one-third length of head ; cheeks oblique, V-shaped, the
length more than half head; opercle moderate; gill-rakers not very
numerous and rather short, the longest not more than one-half diam-
eter of orbit.
Origin of dorsal fin midway between base of middle rays of caudal and
front of orbit ; upper margin of dorsal straight, the last rays not pro-
longed. Dorsal much higher than long, its base equaling about one-
342 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
half head. Origin of anal under middle of dorsal, its base a little
longer than head. Caudal short, the lower lobe longer than the upper;
the median rays about one-third the longest. Pectorals three-fifths
length of head, nearly or quite reaching base of veutrals, which are
short and do not reach the vent. Scales moderately adherent ; dorsal
sheath very low ; that of anal fiu higher.
D. 12; A. 27; Lat. 1. 36 + 2; L. transv. 6. Depth, 3| in body; head,
3A; eye, 3 in head; B. 11-12.
Color : Body translucent ; scales with a silvery luster ; dorsal region
much punctate with black and with some yellow speckling which broadly
covers the margins of the scales ; a distinct dark median line, comi30sed*of
minute dark specks, along entire length of back; sides with a rather dif-
luse silvery band, broadest anteriorly, becoming very narrow on caudal
peduncle, then expanding to base of fin ; it covers less than one row of
scales, and is narrower than diameter of orbit ; top of head, symphysis of
lower jaw, and snout, with much black speckling, the snout yellowish;
anal flu thickly speckled at base; anterior rays of dorsal and anal, and
lower rays of caudal, with some faint greenish-yellow and more or less
black dotting; tip of caudal blackish, more distinctly so at end of lobes.
Common in the harbor of Mazatlau and called Sardina in common
with the other species of this geims, and Clupea stoUfera. It reaches a
length of 4 to 5 inches. The many types are numbered 28121 in the
United States ^N'ational Museum.
5. Stolephorus exiguns, sp. nov. (281)10.)
Allied to S. curtus, but with much slenderer body and shorter anal
fin.
Body not greatly compressed and not elevated; belly compressed,
subcarinate, serrulate; head rather short, its height at nape more than
two-thirds its length ; opercular margin not much oblique ; cheek nar-
rowly triangular ; snout longer than two-thirds diameter of orbit ; eye
large, three and one-fourth in head; maxillary tapering to an acute
point, reaching to or nearly to opercular margin; teeth present in both
jaws ; in the lower minute and developed on anterior half only; in upper
jaw small, but easily perceptible. Gill-rakers short, the longest not more
than one-half diameter of orbit.
Origin of dorsal fin midway between base of median caudal rays and
middle of pupil ; base of fin but little more than one-half length of
head. Origin of anal under anterior third of, dorsal fin; its base about
four-fifths length of head. Caudal short, not nearly equaling length
of head. Pectorals not nearly reaching ventrals.
Scales very deciduous.
D. 12; A. 17; L. lat. 38; L. transv. 5. Head, Sf in length ; depth, 5.
Color translucent; scales \nih silvery luster; a faint silvery streak
along sides, widest and most distinct posteriorly, becoming taint ante-
riorly, and usually disappearing before reaching head. Scales on back
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 343
with dotted margins, no median dark line on back ; sides of head bright
silvery ; top of head dusky posteriorly ; caudal and dorsal fins dotted
with black, these dots forming two faint blotches at base of caudal ; a
series of black dots between anal and caudal fins.
About 10 specimens were obtained in the Astillero at Mazatlan, the
largest 2J inches long. It is apparently less abundant than the other
species of this genus in company with which it is found.
The types are numbered 28120 on the register of the National
Museum.
6. Stolephorus curtus, sp. nov. (29242.)
Body more compressed and elevated than In S. isclianus; dorsal out-
line nearly straight, the ventral scarcely curved except anteriorly; cau-
dal peduncle deep : belly in front of ventral fins sharply compressed,
carinate and serrulate. Head short and high, its depth at occiput seven-
tenths its length; snout blunt, not much produced; tip of lower jaw in
front of eye ; maxillary tapering to a sharp point, which usually does
not quite reach gill-opening ; both jaws with very minute teeth, per-
ceptible towards symphysis of lower jaw, but not laterally. Opercle
shortish; cheeks broadly triangular. Gill-rakers on upper limb longest,
about two-thirds diameter of orbit. Eye large, contained 2f to 3:| times
in length of head.
Origin of dorsal fin midway between base of middle rays of caudal
•and middle of pupil ; the fin short and rather high, its base but little
more than one-half length of head ; the last rays not produced. Origin
of anal fin under middle or anterior third of base of dorsal ; the base of
the fill moderate, varying from nearly as long as, to a little longer than,
head. Caudal short, less than length of head; the lower lobe longest;
the fin moderately forked ; the middle rays about two-fifths the length
of the longest. Pectorals very short and rounded, variable in length,
but usually not reaching base of ventrals. Scales thin, caducous.
D. 11 or 12 ; A. 22 or 23 ; L. lat. 35 ; L. transv. 5. Head, 4^ in length ;
depth, 4|.
Color translucent ; sides with a silvery luster ; top of head dusky ;
sides of head and a faint streak along sides of body with silvery pig-
ment ; the streak is somewhat indistinct, especially forwards, where it
often disappears ; basal half of dorsal fin punctate with black and yel-
low dots ; a double series of these dots along base of fin, running back
to base of caudal ; caudal not black margined ; base of anal thickly
punctate, a series of dots usually extending back to caudal fin ; paired
fins immaculate; tip of snout yellowish, without black specks; no dark
line in front of dorsal fin.
Many specimens 2^ inches long were obtained at Mazatlan, where it
is common in the muddy waters of the Astillero. The types are num-
bered 29242 on the register of the National Museum.
344 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
7. Stolephorus miarchus, sp. iiov. (28119.)
A slender species, distinguished by the very small anal fin. Known
to us ifrom immature specimens only.
Body very slender, not strongly compressed (perhaps becoming
deeper with age) ; belly not trenchant. Snout sub-conic, compressed.
Teeth rather large, distinct in both jaws ; maxillary reaching to edge of
preopercle. Lower jaw much overlapped by the snout, its tip extending
little in front of the eye, which is not especially large.
Insertion of dorsal fin midway between snout and caudal ; anal fin
extremely short, its first ray inserted under last of dorsal, the length of
its base less than that of the caudal peduncle behind it. Scales lost.
Color perfectly translucent in life, with a diffuse silvery lateral shade,
but no distinct stripe ; clusters of dark points on occiput ; base of cau-
dal with dark markings above and below formed of dark points ; the
entire fin speckled; a small black streak on each side of ventrals; black
points at the base of each fin ray.
Head, 4| in length ; depth, 6.
Dorsal with about 12 rays (11 to 13) ; anal, 12 to 14.
This species is known to us from eight specimens (28119 TJ. S. Isat.
Mus.), the largest If inches in length, killed by dynamite cartridges
in deep water in the harbor of Mazatlan, where they were exceedingly
abundant. They are, of course, immature, but the species to which
they belong will be known from all others by the short anal.
8. Synodus scituliceps, sp. uov. (28392,29449.)
Allied to S. foetens L., but with a much smaller head.
Body slender, subterete, less depressed than in S. f ceteris. Head very
short and slender, its length above not greater than greatest depth of
body. Snout pointed, triangular, about as broa:d as long. Interorbital
space slightly concave, about as broad as eye ; a longitudinal ridge on
each side of its middle, which sends out radiating branches opposite
posterior part of eye; preopercle somewhat raised above eye, its margin
somewhat serrate; maxillaiy extending much beyond orbit, its length If
in head; lower jaw a trifle shorter than ujjper, its symphyseal knob
scarcely included. Teeth essentially as in S.f ceteris, the bauds, perhaps,
a little narrower; palatine teeth forming a very narrow band, which
becomes posteriorly a single series. Gill-rakers undeveloped. Branchi-
ostegals, 14. Cheeks with four rows of large scales; opercles with four.
Distance from origin of dorsal fin to adipose fin equal to the distance
€rom the former to the middle of orbit; origin of dorsal nearer to end
of snout than to base of caudal by a distance equal to | head.
Dorsal fin much higher than long, the first and last rays coterminous
when the tin is deflexed. Caudal well forked, the upper lobe the longer,
1^ in head; the middle rays scarcely more than one third the length of
the outer. Yentral fins long and pointed, their length scarcely more
than half the distance from their base to front of anal, 1| in head.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 345
Pectorals sliort, their length just about half head, equal to length of
snout aud eye.
Scales comparatively large: 5 series between lateral line aud veutrals;
4 between adipose fin aud lateral line. Scales of breast little reduced;
11 between the bases of the two pectorals.
Head, 4f in length (4 in 8. f ceteris), 5^ including caudal; greatest
depth, G|. D. 11; A. 13. Scales, 0-Gl-O.
Color in life, brownish-olive above, white below ; each scale of back
with one or more paler flecks; top and sides of head marbled; lower
jaw sometimes marked with darker. Pectorals and caudal mostly black-
ish; adipose fin black, with a pale border; ventrals and anal immacu-
late. No yellow in life.
Two specimens of this species were obtained, one 7^ inches long
(28392) from the harbor of Mazatlan, the other 7 inches long (20449)
from Panama. The species is much like the S. foetens of the Atlantic
Coast, but may be readily known by the small head and the somewhat
larger scales. Sy nodus foetens has been recorded from Panama, by Dr.
Gunther, but the reference is probably to S. scituUceps.
9. Muraena pinta, sp. uov. (28238, 28177, 28388, 28197, 29808, 29359. )
Allied to Murwna lentiginosa Jenyns.
Body rather stout and compressed. Teeth all comparatively small,
subequal, everywhere uniserial; those of the vomer developed only pos-
teriorly and smaller than the others. Two anterior teeth of mandible
larger than the other teeth, but hardly canine-like. Lateral teeth of
both jaws rather narrow, sharp, directed a little backwards, those of
lower jaw smallest. Mouth not closing completely. Jaws about equal.
Anterior nostril with the tube two-thirds diameter of eye; tube of pos-
terior nostrils nearly as long as pupil. Cleft of mouth 2f in head. Gill-
openiug longer than eye. Eye 2.^ in snout, a little nearer tip of snout
than angle of mouth. Head 2|- in trunk. Tail a very little longer than
rest of body. Dorsal well elevated, beginning in* front of gill-opening.
Color rather dark olivaceous-brown above, belly slightly paler, eveiy-
where covered with round or horizontally-oblong light yellow spots, each
surrounded by a wide black border. On the body these spots are
placed with some regularity ; the larger ones, which are a little larger
than the pui^il, are arranged in 5 or G horizontal rows, those of each row
being connected hy dark streaks two-thirds as wide as their diameter ;
between the larger streaks are numerous small ones, some of them mere
points; all except the very smallest are surrounded by darker rings,
and none are indistinct or confluent. The spots are rather larger and
brighter and more crowded on the belly than on the back, where the
ground color occupies more of the surface than the spots; towards the
head the spots become closer together and rather smaller, and on the
anterior and lower parts of the head the ground color is reduced to
mere reticulations around the spots. Space about gill-opening dusky
346 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSUEM.
Fins colored like the region to which they belong; the dorsal anteriorly
with a median row of oblong spots.
The specimen described (No. 28238 U. S. Nat. Mus.) is 18 inches long.
This species is very abundant among the rocks in the harbor of Ma-
zatlan, where numerous specimens were obtained. It is known to the
Mexican fishermen as Anguila pinta. (From the Latin puncta, i. e., punc-
tate.) Another specimen (29359) was obtained by Lieutenant Nichols
at San Josef Island.
10. Muraena pintita, sp. nov. (28311 U. S. Nat. Mus.)
Subgenus Gi/mnofhorax ; allied to Murcena ^oviiGiinther, but differing
in color and proportions.
Tail longer than body, by about two-thirds the length of the head ;
distance from snout to anterior edge of gill-opening contained 2f times
in length of trunk. Eye above middle of cleft of mouth; diameter of
orbit slightly less than half length of snout. Cleft of mouth rather
more than two-fifths length of head. Teeth all uniserial ; those in sides
of lower jaw small, compressed, directed backward, of nearly equal size,
some of the posterior larger than the anterior; front of lower jaw with
4 to 6 moderate, movable canines. Sides of upper jaw with some fixed
canines among the smaller teeth ; premaxillaries with two rather small
movable canines ; four small conical teeth in front. Vomer with two
large movable canines, distant from each other, the posterior the larger.
Mouth capable of being nearly closed.
Tubes of anterior nostrils short, scarcely equaling half the diameter
of orbit. Posterior nostrils without tubes. Gill-slit one-third wider
than orbit. Dorsal fin beginning much in front of gill-slit.
Coloration : Chestnut-brown ; upper parts of body and tail Avith nu-
merous yellow nou-ocellated dots, the largest much smaller than pupil,
most of them being minute dots. Dorsal colored like the back. Anal
plain brown, becoming darker posteriorly. Head without spots ; longi-
tudinal furrows under "throat, black.
A single example, 19 inches in length, was taken among the rocks
near Mazatlan; the sj)ecies is called A^iguila pintita by the fishermen.
11. Ophichthys xysturus, sp. nov. (28142,28247,29642.)
Subgenus PisodontopMs ; allied to O. maculosus (Cuv.).
Teeth all more or less blunt and granular ; a band of three or four
series, on each side of lower jaw ; a band of two rows, on each side of upper
jaw ; vomer with a long series divided into two for about half its length.
Anterior nasal tubes conspicuous, turned downward. Eye 2 J in snout;
front of eye above middle of gape, the length of which is a little more
than one-third of head ; the angle of mouth well behind eye. Inter-
orbital width about § length of the rather long and slender snout, which
projects much beyond lower jaw, the tip of the latter about reaching
middle of snout.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 347
Length of head contained 4J times in that of the trunk 5 head and
trunk together shorter than tail, and contained 2^^ to 2^ times in total
length. Pectoral very small, its length about equal to depth of gill-
opening. Dorsal beginning close behind nape, much in front of gill-
opening; fins low; tail pointed, the tip sharp.
Color light olive ; sides each with three series of large round brown
spots, those of the two npper series of equal size, those of lower scarcely
half as large, faint, and often obsolete anteriorly ; the spots irregular in
their arrangement, those of the npper series usually twice as numerous
as those of the next; those of the upper series along base of dorsal fin
extending partly on the base of the fin; lower series of spots along base
of anal, some of them extending on the fin or even entirely upon it ; on
the belly are sometimes small dark spots scarcely arranged in series.
Dorsal fin with a terminal series of dark spots, which are partly con-
fluent, the fin narrowly margined with white. Anal reddish, with a
lighter margin. Pectoral with a blackish blotch. Head covered with
round black spots, which become smaller and more numerous towards
the snout. Lower jaw with dark spots. Iris light yellow.
Several specimens, from 1 to 2 feet in length, were obtained.
12. Ophichthys zophochir, sp. nov. (28280, 28277, 29220, 29239.)
Allied to Ophiclithys parilis (Eichardson) Glinther.
Cleft of mouth wide, the snout much overlapping the lower jaw;
length of gape from tip of snout to angle of mouth contained 2f times
in length of head. Teeth small, sharp, subequal, in two somewhat irreg-
ular rows on each of the dentigerous bones ; points of the teeth direcfed
backwards; no canines; patch of vomerine teeth long, the two series
converging backwards. Eye large, its diameter two-thirds the inter-
orbital width, -which is slightly less than length of snout. Anterior pair
of nostrils at end of anterior third of snout, in a short tube, which is
less than one-third diameter of orbit and widened at tip. Posterior
nostrils large, below the anterior margin of the orbit, not tubular, but
the margin with free dermal flails.
Gill-opening one-third wider than eye, its upper edge slightly above
middle of base of pectoral; length of slits slightly greater than the
isthmus between them.
Tail long, very nearly twice as long as rest of body. Length of head
contained 2^ times in that of trunk.
Pectoral fin well developed, its length 2i in length of head, in adults;
proportionally longer in the young. Dorsal fin beginning slightly in
advance of tip of pectorals, well developed, the rays distinct. Tix) of
tail finless, moderately acute.
Color olive brown, becoming paler on sides, whitish below; snout
and mandible blackish, yellowish brown anteriorly; mandible with a
series of black pores below; throat yellowish, the color extending up on
the opercles. Pectoral blackish, its base pale. Anal with the distal
half black. Dorsal with a broad black margin. Length about two feet.
348 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
This species is rather common iu the rocks about Mazatlau, where it
is known to the fishermen as '•'■ Anguila MancaP Several specimens are
in the collection.
13. Muraenesox coniceps, sp. nov. (28136, 28141, 28212. )
Body compressed, stoutish, head twice in length of trunk. Snout
slender, conical, rather pointed, nearly half longer than broad at front
of eyes, the distance between anterior nostrils less than half its length;
cleft of mouth from tip of snout 2.^ in length of head ; uj)per jaw project-
ing beyond the lower ; teeth all erect, not very large or sharp and with-
out evident basal lobes ; teeth in jaws small, compressed, blunt, triserial,
those in the inner series much the largest; teeth in outer series very
small and blunt; teeth in front of jaws largest, sharp, forming small
canines which are shorter than the pupil ; about 23 large teeth in each
side of lower jaw; middle series of vomerine teeth compressed, without
basal lobes, about ten in number ; the outer teeth blunt, much smaller.
Both nostrils without tubes, the anterior with a narrow free rim. Eye
large, 2 in snout, 1^ in interorbital width, its front much nearer angle
of mouth than tip of snout; anterior nostril nearer tip of snout. Gill-
opening beginning below upi)er edge of pectoral, its length greater than
the distance between the two openings. Dorsal beginning above gill-
opening, moderately high, its longest rays equal to length of eye and
snout. Tail about one-third longer than head and body. Pectorals
nearly as long as bead, a little longer than cleft of mouth from tip of
upper jaw. Lateral line very distiuct.
Clear olive brown above, dull whitish below with olive tint; dorsal
olive brown ; anal dusky ; both iins with a black margin becoming wider
posteriorly; the caudal nearly uniform black; pectorals black, light
olive at base; iris grayish silvery.
This species is not very common among the rocks in Mazatlan Har-
bor, and is not distinguished by the fishermen by any peculiar name.
It reaches a length of tiiree feet, and, in common with the other species
at Mazatlan, is occasionally eaten but not highly valued. The specimen
here described (No. 28136 TJ. S. Nat. Mus.) is about 2 feet long. This
species was also obtained at Panama.
14. Atherinella eriarcha, sp. nov. (29243.)
Body comparatively deep, deepest at base of pectorals, strongly com-
pressed. Head short, less compressed than the body, the snout very
short, blunt, and rounded in profile; maxillary very slender, almost
reaching the vertical from anterior margin of pupil; cleft of mouth
oblique, curved, the lower jaw included. Eye very large, 2^ in head
in the type sj)ecimen. Premaxillaries very protractile, narrow. Teeth
in a narrow band in each jaw, rather strong, recurved; none on vomer
or palatines. Gill-rakers long and slender.
First dorsal very short, its origin slightly behind origin of anal ; of
three very slender weak spines. Space between first and second dorsal
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 349
tliree fifths length of head. Second dorsal beginniug over middle of
anal, terminating slightly in advance of its last ray; tlie first rays high-
est. Origin of anal considerably nearer snout than base of caudal.
Base of anal oblique, the anterior rays much highest, the posterior
very short. Caudal deeply forked. Veutrals short, not reaching front
of anal. Pectorals very broad and short, sliglitly falcate, scarcely
longer than distance from snout to posterior margin of pui>il.
Scales adherent, with entire edges.
Color transparent, with a wide, very sharply-defined, silvery band
along sides, margined above by a narrow dark line ; this band abruptly
constricted near the middle of the caudal peduncle and again widened
at base of tail into a silvery blotch without dark edgiug ; opercles and
branchiostegals silvery; lips punctulate with black dots; silvery peri-
toneum showing through walls of abdomen; caudal dusted with black;
a black i)oint at base of each dorsal and anal ray.
Head, 4 in length ; depth, 4=^.
D. III-I, 12; A. I, 27; Lat. 1. 3G; L. trans. 7.
We refer this species to the genus AtherineUa of Steindachner, with-
out raising the question of the distinction of the latter grouj^ from
Atherina proper. AtherineUa eriarcha is known to as from a single
young specimen (No. 29243 U. S. Nat. Mus.),2^ inches in length, found
in a rock pool at Mazatlan. It is distinguished from A. panamensis •
Steind. by numerous characters, notably the much longer anal and
shorter pectoral fins.
15. Caranx vinctus, sp. nov. (28365, 28366.)
Allied to C. cibi Poey.
Body elongate, ellii)tical, compressed, upper profile evenly arched
from snout to caudal peduncle, the lower nearly rectilinear from snout
to origin of anal fin ; upper profile slightly carinate anteriorly. Width
of cheek about equal to diameter of eye. Mouth moderately oblique,
the jaws subequal, the lower scarcely included ; intermaxillaries ante-
riorly about on a level with axis of body, just below level of lower margin
of eye; maxillary reaching vertical from front of orbit, 3 in head; teeth
very small, blunt, in a narrow band in each jaw, becoming a single series
in sides of maudible; the outer series slightly enlarged; teeth on vomer,
palatines, and tongue similar to those on jaws. Gill-rakers very long,
numerous; the longest, two-thirds diameter of orbit, their number about
10-27. Eye large, less than length of snout, about equaling interorbital
width, 4 in head. Adipose eyelid moderately developed. Proopercle
with its posterior margin very oblique, the angle broadly rounded. Pre-
orbital thin, its least width three-fifths diameter of orbit.
Spinous dorsal well developed, the spines high and flexible ; the antrorse
spine well developed ; the fourth spine the longest, the fifth but little
shorter ; those posterior rapidly decreasing ; the fourth spine equals two-
fifths length of head ; length of longest dorsal ray less than one-half
350 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
length of head. Aual spines strong ; the soft rays a little lower than
those of dorsal. Soft dorsal and anal entirely received within a mem-
branaceous scaly sheath,. which is two-fifths the height of the median
dorsal rays, and terminates before the ends of the fins, leaving the last
two rays free; the two fins not falcate, the rays regularly decreased
from the first. Pectorals very long, falcate, reaching much beyond the
origin of the anal, and to the twelfth hiteral scute 5 the fins one-third
length of body. Ventrals reaching to or slightly beyond the vent, which
is nearly eqnidistant from their inner axil rfnd from second anal spine.
Caudal lobes not falcate, the upper slightly the longer, a little less than
length of head.
Lateral line with a strong curve anteriorly, the width of which is less
than one-half the straight portion ; the depth of the curve about one-
fourth its width. Plates very strongly developed, extending the whole
length of straight portion of lateral line, which begins under first dor-
sal rays. Top of head, opercles, jaws, and preorbital scaleless or with
a very few scattering scales ; cheeks scaly, breast entirely covered with
fine scales ; membrane of caudal fin with series of scales.
D. y III-I, 24 ; A. II-I, 19 ; Lat. 1. 48. Head 3i ; depth 3.
Color dusky-bluish above, silvery below, with golden and greenish
reflections ; eight or nine vertical dark half-bars descend from back to
below lateral line, the widest al)out equaling diameter of orbit, and
more than twice as wide as the light interspaces ; breast blackish ; head
dusky; end of snout black; a distinct black blotch on upper angle of
opercle. Fins somewhat dusky: pectoral without spot; anal white at
tip.
Common at Mazatlan, but not one of the most abundant fishes. Nu-
merous specimens are in the collection.
16. Serranus calopteryx, sp. no v. (28123.)
Allied to Serranus scriba (L,), but with shorter soft dorsal.
Body elliptical, little elevated, the dorsal outline gently arched.
Snout sharp; lower jaw distinctly longest; maxillary reaching vertical
from middle of pupil, or beyond ; interorbital space somewhat concave
and ridged. Teeth small, cardiform, two small canines in front of lower
jaw; four in front of upper jaw; the inner series of teeth somewhat
enlarged, containing 2 or 3 large fixed canines in the middle of sides of
lower jaw, these larger than the canines in front. Strong teeth on
vomer and palatines. No supplemental maxillary bone. Gill-rakers
short, few in number, about 8 in all. Preopercle nearly evenly rounded,
the posterior margin nearly vertical and, as well as the angle, very
finely, evenly, and sharply serrated, the serrsB on angle scarcely larger ;
the lower limb nearly entire. Opercle ending in three compressed
spines, the middle the largest, the membrane extending much beyond
them.
Scales well ctenoid, on cheeks small, in about 11 rows ; opercles with
about 4 series of large scales*; jaws and top of head naked.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 351
Spinous dorsal low, not notched, tlie first two spines shorter than the
others, which are of equal length and shorter than the soft rays ; length
of spines about equaling distance from snout to middle of eye, 3 in
head. Soft dorsal elevated, the anterior rays somewhat shorter than
the posterior, the tips of which reach rudimentary caudal rays, 2i in
head. Anal spines short and strong, the middle one stronger and
slightly longer than the third ; the second about equal to dorsal spines ;
anal rays more elevated than those of dorsal, the last ray the longest
and about equal to two-thirds length of head. Ventrals reaching vent,
pectorals slightly beyond it, two-thirds length of head; ventrals in-
serted in front of axil of i)ectorals. Caudal short, somewhat lunate,
with the outer rays produced ; the fin If in head. Dorsal and anal
scaleless.
Head 2f in length; depth 3^. D. X, 12; A. Ill, 7; scales 5-50-15.
Color : Body light olivaceous, the dorsal region with about 12 broad
dark brown cross-bauds extending from back tG below lateral line,
where they are interrupted, to reappear on the level of base of pectorals
as a series' of roundish blotches; those in front pinkish, behind brown.
A light streak from nape to front of dorsal, with two i^arallel ones
(usually indistinct) on each side of it. The brown bar immediately be-
hind soft dorsal is replaced by the ground color, but the corresponding
brown spot on sides is present. A brownish streak from snout through
eye to upper angle of opercle, clear brown anteriorly ; suborbital light
blue, with a narrow median streak of clear brown ; numerous clear
brown blotches on toi) of head, liase and axil -of pectorals largely pink,
the fin very finely barred (vermiculated) with pink and light blue. Dor-
sals reddish, with a median light streak, which disappears posteriorly on
soft dorsal ; distal part of soft dorsal with numerous small dark brown
spots, becoming light pink jiosteriorly and alternating with similar spots
of whitish or light blue. A dark brown spot at base of ventrals ; one
below base of pectorals, and one in front of the latter at margin of
gill-opening. Caudal brown at base and on outer rays, pink on inner
rays, vermiculated with irregular narrow light blue lines. Anal and ven-
trals light glaucous blue, thickly marked with brownish-yellow spots.
Five or six specimens of this species were taken in a seine in the
Astillero (estuary), at Mazatlan.
17. Lutjanus Colorado, sp. nov. (28386, 28305, -28261, 28383.)
Body comj)aratively deep, highest at front of spinous dorsal, and with
an angle at origin of soft dorsal. Profile of back evenly arched to origin
of dorsal fin; ventral outline rectilinear to origin of anal fin, the base
of which fin is very oblique in the young, less so in the adult.
Snout rather short, less acute than in L. prieto, less than one-third
length of head. Maxillary reaching nearly or quite to vertical from front
of pupil, 2| in head. Width of cheek from orbit to angle of preoperclo
352 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
less than snout. Eye, in adult, half the interorbital width and two-fifths
length of snout, proportionately larger in the young. Vertical margin
of preopercle with minute, even, serrations for its entire length. A
shallow emargination above the angle, which is provided with coarser,
but still inconspicuous, serrations; lower limb of preopercle smooth on
its anterior half.
Upper jaw with a very narrow band of villiform teeth, behind the
conical teeth, which are not very large. A single j)air, or more usually
two unequal pairs, of canines in front of upper jaw, between which is
a pair of small teeth. Conical teeth in lower jaw larger than those of
ui)per, close-set, largest in the middle of the jaw, becoming smaller in
front and behind 5 about 8 on each side. Vomerine teeth arranged in a
crescent-shaped patch, without backward extension on the median line.
Teeth on tongue in two patches, a roundish one anteriorly, usually
formed by the junction of three smaller ones, and an oblong patch on
the median line behind this.
Gill-rakers distant, few, the longest half length of orbit, their number
about 1+7.
Dorsal spines strong, the fourth the longest, the last more than half its
length ; the fourth spine 2f in head, as long as the snout in the adult, a
little longer in young. Soft dorsal and anal similar to each other, some
of the posterior rays of each being considerably elevated, the tin thus
being pointed instead of rounded in outline. In the young these rays
are much longer than the dorsal spines and slightly longer than the
caudal peduncle. In the adult they are lower but still longer than the
dorsal spines. Longest rays of anal about half head.
Caudal not deeply emarginate. Pectorals long, acute, reaching to or
beyond vent, 1| in head. Ventrals not nearly reaching vent, as long as
snout and orbit. Anal spines strong, the second rather longer than
third and a little stronger, 3^- in head.
Scales rather small, the series forming an angle at the lateral line,
those below it running the more obliquely, those above lateral line form-
ing nearljr horizontal series, parallel with the lateral line. Scales on
cheeks in about 7 rows, one row on subopercle and about 7 on opercle.
Scales on breast very small, much smaller than those on opercles. Soft
rays of vertical fins with accompanying series of scales.
Head 2f times in length ; d epth 3. D. X, 14 ; A. Ill, 7 ; scales 5-47-11 ;
tubes in lateral line 47.
Coloration in life : Above dark olivaceous, each scale with the basal
half dark olive brown ; sides with or without some silvery luster at
bases of scales, forming when present faint longitudinal streaks ; head
and lower parts of body bright red, especially bright on lower parts of
head, the color extending up on the sides for a varying distance ; upper
jaw and maxillary reddish ; upper i^arts of head dark olivaceous ; scales
on sides of head without dark spots ; a much interrupted light blue line
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 353
from middle of preorbital along suborbital, rarely extending behind the
orbit, much less distinct than in L. argentivittatus, and disappearing in
alcohol; cheeks sometimes with bluish spots or lines; inside of mouth
red; vertical fins very dark, with more or less reddish ; spinous dorsal
with a broad median streak of very light slaty blue; pectorals and ven-
trals reddish, the latter with dusky.
This species is a very abundant food-fish at Mazatlan, being seen daily
in the markets. It is preferred (probably on account of its bright
colors) as a market fish to the other species of Lutjanus. It reaches a
weight of about 15 i)ounds, and is known to the Mexican fishermen as
^^Pargo Colorado.^^
18. Lutjanus prieto, sp. nov. (28196. 28231, 28253, 28384, 29.567, 28779, 29787.)
Body comparatively elongate, the back little elevated ; profile very
gently curved ; snout long and pointed, one-third length of head ; eye
small, less than breadth of the wide })reorl)ital ; maxillary baiely reach-
ing to opposite front of orbit, its length 2f in head; each jaw with a very
narrow band of villiform teeth, outside of which is a single series of
larger teeth; those in sides of upper jaw small; two in front, however,
developed as large fang-like canines, larger than usual in this genus,
their length about equal to the diameter of the pupil ; a pair of smaller
canines near the middle of the upper jaw, between the large ones; conical
teeth of lower jaw distant, canine-like, 6 to 8 in number on each side,
larger than in any of our other species of Lutjanus, much larger than
those on sides of upper jaw; teeth on tongue in a large oval i)atch, in
front of w^hich are two smaller iiatches ; teeth on vomer forming a
crescent-shaped patch, without backward prolongation on the median
line.
Gill-rakers few, not very large, distant, about 1 + 7. Preopercle with
its posterior margin extending very obliquely forward, the angle there-
fore very obtusely rounded; a broad shallow notch above the angle, the
margin above the notch convex, its edge minutely serrulate; a few
coarser teeth at the angle ; lower border mostly smooth. In the adult
the whole margin of the preopercle is without serrations; suijrascapular
serrate. Posterior nostril nearly round; a single narrow band of scales
extending downward and backward from occii)ut. Dorsal spines rather
long, with sharp flexible tips, the fourth the longest, but shorter than
the snout, 3^ in head ; anal spines short and strong, much stronger than
dorsal spines, the second and third of nearly equal length, the second
somewhat strongest, not much longer than diameter of the orbit, 4| in
head. Soft rays of anal low, 3^ in head. Caudal fin emarginate, If in
head. Pectorals much longer than ventrals, extending slightly beyond
them, their length 1| in head.
Scales moderate firm, present on cheek, opercle, subopercle, and in
a single series on interopercle. Scales above lateral line forming very
Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 23 jfiai-cli 29, 1 8 S3.
354 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
oblique series running upward and backward, not parallel with the
lateral line. Scales on breast not very small, smaller than those on
opercle. Basal portions of vertical fins scaly.
Head 2f in length (3^ with caudal); depth 3f (4); eye 5^ in head.
D. X, 13; A. Ill, 7; scales 6-45-11; lateral line with 50 tubes.
Coloration : Back and sides very dark olive brown, the back with a
slaty tinge, the sides often with some faint purplish ; sides paler below ;
the belly and lower parts of head white. Each scale on the dorsal
region with the basal half dark. Head colored like the body; maxillary
brownish, no bluish streak on preorbital. Vertical fins dark brownish;
the spinous dorsal olive brown with a narrow dark streak at base and
tip; anal with the margin of its first 3 rays white; pectorals olivaceous
brown; ventrals dark brownish, becoming reddish at base. Inside of
mouth reddish yellow. Young with the margin of spinous dorsal, and
most of anal black.
This species is very abundant in the harbor of Mazatlan. It reaches
a weight of 15 pounds, and as a food-fish ranki^ high, little below the
'•'■Pargo Colorado^ It is known to the fishermen as ''■Fargo prietoP
The species of Lutjanus found at Mazatlan may be thus compared :
a. Vomerine teeth forming an auchor-shaped iiatch, tlie band prolonged backward on
the median line; body rather deej), the back somewhat elevated.
i. Second anal spine shorter than third; soft fins rather high; teeth weak; snout
moderate ; scales above lateral line forming oblique series; a temporal as well
as an occipital band of scales; dorsal spines slender; pectoral fin long; pos-
terior nostril oblong. Color red ; a large black blotch on lateral line below
last dorsal spines; back and sides with rows of dark spots following the series
of scales ; fins reddish.
GUTTATUS.*
ib. Second anal spine longer than third ; teeth strong, the upper canines very large ;
snout long and pointed, the preorbital broad; scales above lateral line forming
series parallel with the lateral line ; one narrow occipital band of scales ; dorsal
spines strong ; pectoral fin long ; posterior nostril slit-like. Color brownish,
with faint silvery streaks along the rows of scales on sides; alight blue streak
along preorbital and suborbital usually interrupted and often extending ou
the opercle ; fins mostly pale Argenti vittatus. t
aa. Vomerine teeth forming a crescent-shaped patch, without prolongation on the
median line.
*Mesoprion guttatus Steindachner, Ichthyol. Notiz. ix, 18, 1869, taf. viii. Mazatlan
{Steind. ; Gilh.); Panama (Gilb.). This species has been erroneously confounded with
the West Indian L. synagris (L) J. & G. (—Mesoprion uninotatus C. & V.), a species
not yet known from the Pacific.
\ Mesojmon argentivittatus'Peters,'BeT\m. Monatsber. 1869, 704. Mazatlan (Peters ;
Gilb.) ; Acapulco (Gilb.), Panama (Gilb.). This species has been confounded with the
closely-related L. caxis {M. griseus C. & V.) of the Atlantic. The latter is best distin-
guished by the direction of the rows of scales above the lateral line, which are not
throughout parallel with the latter.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 355
c. Scales above the lateral line formiug oblique series; teeth very strong; lower
jaw with about 8 canines, which are not much smaller than the canines of the
upper jaw; posterior nostril nearly round ; a narrow occipital band of scales;
anal spines graduated ; dorsal spines ten, rather slender ; pectoral shortish,
not nearly reaching anal ; soft rays rather low ; body rather elongate, the back
not arched. Color dark brown ; ventrals and anal largely blackish . . Prikto.
ce. Scales above the lateral line forming horizontal series parallel with tbe lateral
line; teeth rather strong; the lai'ge teeth of the lower jaw not canine-like.
much smaller than the upper canines ; posterior nostril oblong ; occipital
band of scales very narrow.
d. Body rather deep, the depth about equal to length of head ; scales rather
small and tirui, in five series above lateral line ; second anal spine larger thnn
third; dorsal spines ten, rather low and strong; soft rays of dorsal and anal
high; pectorals long, about reaching anal. Color red, dusky above; a short
blue streak on suborbitals; anal and ventrals largely dusky Colorado.
dd. Body elongate, the back not elevated, the depth less than length of head;
scales large and rather thin, in four series above lateral line ; dorsal spines
eleven, high and slender; second anal spine smaller than third; soft dorsal
and anal low ; pectorals much longer than ventrals, but not reaching vent.
Color brown, with broad silvery stripes along the rows of scales ; young with
silvery bars ; lower fins dusky Aratus.*
aaa. Vomerine teeth unknown ; body elongate, the depth less than length of head ;
second anal spine longer than third ; dorsal spines ten, low ; pectorals very
short, not longer than ventrals; scales rather small. Color purplish-brown,
the centers of the scales paler ; body with nine faint vertical bars ; upper fins
edged with dusky ; base of pectoral dark NovEMFASCiATL's.t
19. Micropogon ectenes, sp. nov. (28295, 29538, 28336, 28361.)
Bead 3^ in length (3| with caudal); depth 3| (4|). Length (28295)
16i inches. D. X-I, 25 or X-I,24; A. II, 7 or II, 8; scales 7-53-13;
tubes of lateral line 54.
Body rather elongate, slenderer than in 3L imdulatus, moderately
compressed, the hack little elevated; anterior profile straightish or
slightly undulate. Head long, rather low, the snout long, and alnuptly
truncate at the tip, which projects but little beyond the premaxillaries.
Mouth nearly horizontal, the lower jaw included, the maxillary barely
reaching to oi)posite front of eye; its length 3^ in head. Teeth in
rather broad bands, the anterior in upper jaw little enlarged.
Snout with the usual lobes and jjores at tip, its length 3^ in head ; chin
with 5 large pores ; about four small barbels on the inner edge of each
dentary bone anteriorly. These are rather shorter than the posterior
nostril, which is oblong and much longer than the anterior nostril.
Eye rather large, 6 in head, 1^ in interorbital width, a little more
than half snout, a little less than preorbital width. Preopercle with
numerous rather strong teeth above the angle which has two large,
* Mesoprion aratus Glinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. 1864, 145. Mazatlan {Gilb.) ;
Punta Arenas (G«7&.); Chiapam (G#/i)-.) ; Panama (GfAr., Gilb.).
\ Lutjamts novemfasciatns Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862: Mesoprion iiiermis Ber-
lin. Monatsber. 1869,705. Cape San Lucas (GiZi)/ Mazatlan (Peters). Not obtained
by Mr. Gilbert.
356 iPEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
strongly-divergent teeth ; the lower of these is directed obliquely down-
ward. Gill-rakers short. Pseudobrauchite well developed.
Scales of moderate size, those on the breast little reduced. No scales
on the dorsal or anal, except a basal series. Caudal largely scaly;
about 20 scales in an oblique series from front of anal upward to spin-
ous dorsal ; 18 from vent upward to soft dorsal. Lateral line becoming
straight well in advance of anal.
Spinous dorsal high, not higher than in M. undulatus, its third spine
not very much shorter than the fourth. Third spine varying in length,
about 2 in head (If to 2^) ; all the spines freely flexible ; longest soft
ray 3J in head. Caudal slightly double-concave, the upper, middle, and
lower rays about equal, If in head ; lower rays shorter in young speci-
mens ; anal small, ending well in advance of posterior ray of dorsal ;
second anal spine rather small, its length 3f in head ; longest soft ray
2^ in head. Pectoral fin very long and pointed, reaching past ventrals,
but not to vent, its length 1^ in head. Ventrals with the first ray
filamentous; 1^ in head, without filament.
Color grayish silvery, without brassy tinge; dorsal region and sides
above lower edge of pectorals marked with dark streaks extending
obliquely upward and backward along the series of scales. Besides
these, about ten short oblique dark bars extending downward and for-
ward, crossing the arched portion of the lateral line, the longest of these
about as long as snout; lining of gill-cavity blackish ; peritoneum pale;
fins all yellowish, the tip of spinous dorsal blackish ; ui^per edge of
pectoral and border of soft dorsal dusky ; region above and below base
of pectoral with dark punctulations.
This species is rather common at Mazatlan, where it is known as
" CorhinaJ^ It was not noticed at Panama, where its place is taken by
the closely related Micropogon altipinnis. It is closely allied to Micro-
pogon undulatus (L.) C. & V., of the Atlantic coast, differing in its more
elongate body, rather larger scales, &c. The color and number of fin
rays are also somewhat different in the two species. From M. altipinnis,
to which it is still more closely allied, it differs chiefly in the smaller
scales and greater number of dorsal rays.
20. Sciaena icistia, sp. jiov. (28182, 28228, 28275, 28368, 29566, 29613, 29615, 29775,
29790.)
Subgenus Bairdiella Gill.
Body elongate, compressed, the back a little elevated; snout very
short, compressed, and rather blunt, 4 in head; mouth moderately wide,
oblique; lower jaw somewhat included; maxillary reaching vertical from
posterior margin of pupil, 2f in head; upper jaw with a narrow band of
villiform teeth and an external series of somewhat larger teeth ; lower
jaw with a single series of teeth smaller than the enlarged teeth of upper
jaw and more close-set; in front this series broadens into a narrowband.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 357
Chin with 4 pores ; premaxillaries on the level of lower part of pupil
projecting beyond snout. Interorbital region slightly depressed. Gill-
rakers long and strong, about 6-17 in number. Preopercle with its
lower edge smooth, the posterior edge armed with distinct spines, the
three spines nearest the angle much the longest, the lowest directed
vertically downward' and somewhat forw^ard. Eye large, its diameter
slightly less than length of snout and than interorbital width, 4| in length
of head. Scales rather small; series of small scales on membrane of
dorsal and anal; lateral line little arched, becoming straight opposite
interval between vent and anal.
Spinous dorsal high, the spines all very slender, weak, and flexible,
more slender than in other species of this subgenus; the third and fourth
about equal, much longer than the others, the npper margin of the tin
very oblique; the longest spine about seven-tenths lengthof head, much
longer than the soft rays, which nre about 3^ in head.
Second anal spine exceedingly strong, If in head, about four-fifths
length of fourth dorsal spine, and about as long as first soft ray of anal ;
middle rays of caudal slightly produced, 1^ in head, the fin subtruncate.
Ventrals long, their length more than half the distance from their base
to origin of anal. Pectorals not reaching vertical from tips of ventrals,
about equal to them in length, IJ in head.
Head 3f in length (4 with caudal) ; depth 3f (4^). D. X-I, 25; A. II,
8; scales 9-62-15; Lat. 1. with 52 tubes.
Color grayish silvery above, silvery on sides and below ; dorsal region
with faint streaks produced by darker centers of the scales. Spinous
dorsal blackish, darker on membrane of first spine, the soft portion as
well as the caudal yellowish-dusky. Ventrals and pectorals pale, each
with a faint yellowish blotch; axil of pectoral black above; anal pale.
This species differs from Sckaia armata {Bairdiella armata Gill =
Corvina acutirostru Steindachner) in the much longer and more slender
dorsal spines, as well as in various details of form. The teeth of the
lower jaw are also quite difi'erent.
8. icistia is very common at Mazatlau, where it is known as ^'■Gorhineta ".
It reaches an average length of 6 inches, and is little valued as a food-
fish. Many specimens were obtained.
21. Scarus perrico, sp. uov. (28328 U. S. Nat. Mus.)
Subgenus Remistoma* Sw. ; allied to 8. chlorodon Jenyns.
Body robust, deep, com j)ressed ; top of head with a very large adipose
humj). Teeth green ; no pointed teeth at angle of mouth ; upper lip cover-
ing about half the surface of the upper dentary plate ; lower lip covering
base only of lower dentary plate. Cheeks with two rows of scales, the
lower of four, the upper of five ; lower limb of preopercle wholly naked.
Caudal fin somew^hat rounded, its lobes not produced. Pectoral fin
three-fourths length of head ; ventrals inserted under front of pectorals.
* Semistoma iSwainsou, 1839 = PseMdoscants Bleeker, 1861.
358 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Coloration in life: light brownish, with some greenish shading on sides
and bluish-green on caudal peduncle ; fins all bright blue ; snout and
forehead bluish ; orbits surrounded by radiating dots and dashes of
green. In spirits: a yellowish area below and in front of eye; upper
edge of dorsal and lower edges of caudal, anal, and ventrals yellowish,
as is the lower side of the head.
Head, 3 in length ; depth, 2^. D. IX, 10; A. II, 9 ; Lat. 1. 24.
This species is very common in the rocks about Mazatlan, where it is
called Lora or Perrico, both words meaning parrot. It is seldom caught
and is not eaten. One specimen, 23 inches in length, was procured, and
is the type of the species.
22. Pomacanthus crescentalis, sp. uov. (28139. )
Subgenus Fotuacanthodes Gill; allied to Pomacanthus zonipectus (Gill)
Gthr.
Body broadly ovate, with short and slender caudal peduncle. Head
deeper than long, the profile very steep and uneven; a bulge above
the occiput, another above the eye, and another at the premaxillaries,
the interspaces between these concave. Eye broader than preorbital,
3.J in head (in the largest specimen), its diameter half the width of the
cheeks below it. Eyes proportionally larger in smaller specimens. Ver-
tical limb of preopercle minutely serrate, the spine at the angle about
as long as puijil. Mouth small, with broad bands of setiform teeth as
in other species. Length of mandible half greater than diameter of eye.
Gill-rakers very short; gill-membranes narrowly joined to the isthmus.
Dorsal spines rapidly graduated, the last (eleventh) spine two-thirds
to three-fourths length of head, three-fifths the height of the soft rays
of dorsal. Anal spines long, stronger than those of dorsal, rapidly grad-
uated. Soft rays of anal lower than those of dorsal, the outline of the
fin rounded. Soft dorsal highest towards the front, the rays more rap-
idly shortened i)osteriorly than those of anal. Caudal peduncle deeper
than long, the fin somewhat rounded. Pectoral fins short, reaching
scarcely past vent, a little shorter than head. Ventrals elongate, the
first ray filamentous ; the fin one-third longer than head, reaching third
anal spine.
Head everywhere scaly, the scales of head, breast, and front of back,
very small; anteriorly reduced to shagreen-like roughness, as in Poma-
canthus arcuatus. Scales of body irregular in size, very rough ; large
and small oues closely intermixed.
Head 3.^ in length ; depth 1^. D. XI-23 ; A. Ill, 22 ; Lat. 1. ca. 70.
Color brownish-black, becoming pure black on dorsal and anal fins ;
to|) of head with a median line of bright yellow which divides on the
snout, a branch passing down on each side of mouth, the two meeting,
or nearly meeting, on the throat ; a STuall white spot on chin ; sides with
five very distinct narrow bright yellow cross-bars, strongly convex for-
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 359
wards ; the first from front of dorsal, touching posterior margin of oibit,
extending along ijreopercle to base of spine, then turning abruptly back-
wards, the two meeting on belly immediately in front of ventral tins ;
the second from immediately in front of anal base, in a strong curve
behind base of pectorals, reaching dorsal at base of seventh and eighth
spines, thence narrowed and continued backwards on the fin; the third
extends from eighth and ninth soft rays of dorsal to the fourth and fifth
of the anal, the fourth from end of dorsal base to end of anal base, the
two latter bands much curved and continued backwards on dorsal and
anal fins, the attenuated ends sometimes blue ; the fifth bar crosses the
caudal near its base, and runs back on fin above and below. Between
these yellow bars and parallel with them are numerous narrow blue
lines. Dorsal bine-edged anteriorly, this color a backward continuation
of the first bands. Caudal translucent with a vertical series of short
linear black blotches.
This opecies is said by the fishermen to be common among the rocks
in Mazatlan Harbor, and is called by them Muneca. But two specimens
were seen by the collector. Several others were afterwards obtained at
Panama, where it is very common.
23. Gobiesox zebra, sp. nov. (292C0.)
Body comparatively very long and narrow, the greatest width about
one-fifth the total length. Head narrow, depressed, its width about 4i
times in length of body. Eye small, its diameter about half interorbital
width. Opercular spine well developed. Ventral disk nearly as long-
as head. JNIouth rather small, anterior, maxillary reaching front of eye.
Incisors of lower jaw nearly horizontal, rather broad, three-lobed at tip,
the middle cusp the longer. Upper teeth much smaller, the median
ones compressed, blunt, close set, a little shorter than the lateral teeth
and with dentate edges ; one or two series of small teeth close behind
them. Anal beginning under middle of dorsal; the distance from inser-
tion of dorsal to base of caudal is contained 3| in length; pectoral half
as long as head ; caudal truncate with rounded angles.
Head 3| in length ; depth nearly 8. D. 7 ; A. 6.
Back with five dark cross-bars about as wide as the interspaces, three
of them in front of the dorsal fin, the two anterior much broader and
more distinct than the others ; these bars are all distinct on the back,
fading on the sides, which are often vaguely clouded with dark; the
color of these dark bars varies from reddish-brown to black, and that
of the interspaces from olivaceous to light pink and bright rose-red; top
of head bright red, marbled with light slaty-bluish ; a black blotch on
opercle, and two very distinct black cross spots, one on each side of
median line, forming- the front of first dorsal bar; sometimes cheeks
with 2 or 3 pale bluish streaks ; dorsal, pectoral, and caudal more or
less shaded with dusky; lower fins pale; usually a dark bar at base of
caudal and one across middle of the fin.
360 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Very abundant in the rocky tide-pools around Mazatlan, hiding under
the numerous sea-urchins. About 30 specimens were collected, the
largest nearly 3 inches long.
24. Gobiesox eos, sp. nov. (29247.)
Body comparatively short, stout, and narrow, the head rather broad,
but, as well as the body, much less depressed than in G. erythrops ;
the width of the head less than its length, contained 3| times in
body; incisors serrate or tricuspid, the teeth as in G. zebra. Eye
moderate, about 1^ in interorbital space, which is about 3^ in head.
Pectoral about one-half length of head. Ventral disk shorter than head.
Distance from base of caudal to front of dorsal 34 in total length. Cau-
dal truncate. Head 3 in length ; depth 5J. D. C ; A. 6. Bright rosy
red, sometimes made dusky above with black points ; back with from
one to three faint dark bars ; three dark lines downwards and backwards
from orbit, and usually one or two more on the opercle ; caudal usually
with a reddish bar at base and a dusky one towards tip ; fins otherwise
nearlj^ plain.
Very abundant in the rock-pools, where it is nearly always found, in
company with G. zebra, hiding under the sea-urchins. The largest ex-
amples seen are about 1^ inches long.
25. Gobiesox erythrops, sp. nov. (29248. )
Head scarcely longer than broad, proportionately very broad and
depressed, its breadth three times in total. Incisors in both jaws entire
aud rather broad, the lateral teeth, as usual, pointed ; no canines. Eyes
very large, considerably wider than the narrow interorbital area, 3^ in
head; interorbital area nearly 5 in head. Ventral disk a little longer
than head, 2f in body. Pectoral about one-third length of head. Dis-
tance from fiont of dorsal to caudal, 3f in body. Caudal truncate with
rounded edges.
Head 2^ ; depth 6. D. 6 ; A. 5.
Light olivaceous ; body with three or four bars of cherry red ; head
marbled with red ; eyes intensely cherry red, their up])er border blackish ;
fins pale, the upper mottled with reddish ; caudal barred with red.
But two specimens, 1^ inches long, taken in a rock-pool; evidently rare.
A specimen of this species from the Tres Marias Islands, is in the col-
lection at Woodward's Gardens, San Francisco.
26. Gobiesox adustus, sp. nov. (29249.)
Head and body broad and flat, much depressed; width of head
nearly equal to its length, 3§ in body. Incisors in middle of lower jaw
broad, entire; those in upper jaw narrow, blunt, little compressed,
entire, shorter than the lateral teeth ; behind these two or three series
of smaller teeth. Eyes rather large, separated by a broad interorbital
space, which is one-third the length of the head and about half greater
than diameter of eye. Opercular spine sharp. Pectoral short, about half
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 361
length of head ; ventral disk as long as head ; distance from base of
caudal to front of dorsal equaling three-tenths of the length; caudal
rounded behind.
Head 3 in length ; depth 5J. D. 9 ; A. 7.
Brown, banded with blackish on body, the head marbled with darker
brown ; front of dorsal black, the fins dusky with dark points.
Three specimens, the largest about 2 inches long, were obtained in a
tide pool at Mazatlan. The species is evidently not common.
27. Gobiosoma zosterurum, sp. nov. (29245.)
Body long, slender, its greatest depth less than greatest depth of
head. Head long, slender; mouth large, the lower jaw ])rojectiug;
maxillary extending slightly beyond posterior edge of orbit. Eye
rather large, longer than snout, 3| in head ; the interorbital space nar-
rower than the pupil. Teeth small, in villiform bands, the outer in the
upper jaw slightly enlarged. Snout rather pointed, subconical, the
profile not very gibbous. Spinous dorsal high, the spines slender, the
anterior filamentous, its height considerably more than greatest depth
of body. Ventrals If in length of head; pectorals short, half length
of head. Caudal f length of head, skin wholly naked.
Head 3^ in length ; depth Of ; D. 1 V-10 ; A. V2. Olivaceous, vaguely
barred, everywhere closely punctate with darker, even the belly not
pale; lower parts of head thickly punctate witb dark dots like the
sides; sides of body and head with some faint pale spots; caudal with
two distinct black lengthwise bands, its upper and lower edges white,
the middle part colored like the body ; dorsal and anal largely black,
with pale edgings ; pectorals and ventrals dusky.
A single specimen about 1^ inches long was taken with a seine in the
Astillero at Mazatlan.
28. Clinus zonifer, sp. uov. (28122.)
Subgenus Labrosomus Swainson; allied to Clinns delalandi C. & V.
Form rather stout, compressed ; snout not very short, rather pointed,
the profile gibbous above the eyes, thence declining straight to the tip
of the snout ; mouth rather small, the maxillary reaching front of eye ;
eye large, 3^ in head, as long as snout ; small slender cirri above the
eyes, and a fringe of rather long filaments at the nape rather longer
than the orbital cirri. Outline of spinous dorsal emarginate ; first spine
a little longer than eye, the second, third, and fourth progressively
shortened, the fifth again longer; the eighth to eleventh spines are the
longest, thence gradually decreasing to the next to the last, which is
much shorter than the last ; soft dorsal rays considerably higher than
the spines, the longest about one-half length of head. Anal long, not
very high, the membrane deeply notched between all but the last six
rays, which are the highest. Pectorals five-sixths length of head;
362 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
ventrals as long as from snout to edge of preopercle. Belly naked an-
teriorly ; the scales small, cycloid ; lateral line complete.
Head 3^ in length ; depth 4^. D. XIX, 9; A. II, 19 ; Lat. 1. 53.
Color olivaceous, darker above, much mottled and speckled with clear
dark brown; sides with five distinct irregular dark brown bars, extend-
ing from base of dorsal to level of lower margin of pectoral, their lower
edges connected by a vague undulating longitudinal band ; a blackish
blotch on occipital region, and black blotches on cheeks, opercles, and
before base of pectoral; opercle with several narrow pinkish streaks;
head below with narrow strfeaks formed by series of dark brown spots ;
an interrupted brown bar across lower jaw ; belly unspotted ; ventrals
pale; other fins all barred with narrow series of dark brown dots; anal
somewhat dusky.
Clmus zonifer is the most abundant denizen of the rock-pools around
Mazatlaa, with the single exception of Gobius soporator, and reaches a
length of about three inches. This is the species mentioned by Mr.
Lockington (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1881, 114) as Clinus philUpi
Steiud., from the Gulf of California.
29. Tripterygium carminale, sp. nov. (28118.)
Body rather slender, heavy forwards, rapidly tapering behind. Head
short, the snout low and rather pointed, the profile straight and steep
from the snout to opposite the front of the eyes, there forming an angle
and extending backwards nearly in a straight line. Eyes very large,
longer than snout, 3 in head, high up and close together. Mouth wide,
the jaws subequal, the maxillary extending backwards to front of pupil.
Teeth moderate, essentially as in species of Clinus, those of the outer
series enlarged. No evident cirri on the head. Scales on body of mod-
erate size, ctenoid, the edges strongly pectinate; belly naked; lateral
line extending to opposite last ray of soft dorsal, ascending anteriorly
but without convex curve. Dorsals three, the first and second con-
tiguous, the second and third well sei)arated ; first dor^-^al of three
spines, the first of which is the highest and about as long as diameter
of eye ; the second dorsal of higher and slenderer spines, the anterior
the highest, the longest about equaling greatest depth of body; soft
dorsal shorter and a little lower than second spinous dorsal. Caudal
small. Anal long, beginning nearly under middle of spinous dorsal.
Pectoral long, longer than head, reaching much past front of anal.
Ventral three-fourths length of head.
Head 3% in length ; depth about 5i. D. III-XII, 9 ; A. II, 17 ; Lat.
1. 40. ^^
Color light brownish, with four dark brown cross-bars on sides, about
as wide as the interspaces, which are marked with more or less reddish
and with some lighter spots ; belly pale ; space behind pectoral dark ;
a dark bar downward and one forward from eye. First dorsal mottled
with darker, second and third dorsals nearly plain ; a narrow dark bar
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 363
at base of caudal, and a broader oue towards tip, the fin sometimes
entirely black, pectorals somewhat barred; lower fins plain.
This species is represented in our collection by four specimens, each
about 1^ inches long, taken from a deep tide-pool at Mazatlan.
30. Salarias chiostictus, sp. nov. (28117.)
Body moderately elongate, compressed, the head short, blunt, almost
globular, about as broad as deep, and a little longer than broad. Mouth
inferior, without lateral cleft, the lower jaw included; width of cleft of
mouth two-thirds length of head. Teeth small, weak, finely pectinate;
canine teeth small, not so long as diameter of pupil. Supraorbital
cirrus divided in four, its height three-fourths that of the eye. Eye 3^
in head. Interorbital space channelled, narrower than eye. Maxillary
extending to behind middle of eye. No crest on top of head. First
dorsal low and even, its spines rather slender, the last spines short,
scarcely connected by membrane with the soft rays ; soft dorsal well
separated from caudal. Caudal subtruncate, with rounded angles.
Anal lower than soft dorsal, with a little longer base. Pectorals a little
longer than head; ventrals about half as long.
Head 4:^ in length; depth 5^; D. XII-15 ; A. 15.
Color in life: Olive brown above, lighter below; five broad dark bars
from dorsal fin to middle of sides, each terminating above on the fin, and
below on sides in a pair of black spots ; sometimes onlj^ the spots are dis-
tinguishable, the bars being obscure; sides below spinous dorsal with
numerous black specks, and with numerous oblong spots of bright sil-
very; sometimes a silvery streak from upper i^ortion of base of pec-
torals to base of caudal; a broad salmon-colored streak on each side
of ventral line; sometimes the space between the silvery lateral band
and the base of the anal is darker, the vertical bars again appearing as
pairs of black, vertical blotches. Head yellowish olive, darker above
and reticulated with narrow brown lines, these appearing as parallel
bars on the upper lip and radiating from the median line on the under
side of the head. Vertical fins light grayish, with black spots, which
appear as wavy bars on the caudal tin. Pectorals and ventrals pale,
the former with a yellowish shade at base. Orbital tentacles bright
ted.
This species is known from four specimens (the largest 2^ inches in
length), taken in a deep rock pool at Mazatlan.
31. Fierasfer arenicola, sp. uov. (29244.)
Body with nape slightly elevated, thence tapering regularly to the
tail. Snout blunt, rounded, jirotruding ; the mouth subinferior, nearly
horizontal, large, the lower jaw included ; gape wide, the maxillary one-
half length of head, extending beyond the vertical from orbit; teeth in
upper jaw very small, acute, in a narrow band, none of them enlarged;
those in lower jaw and on vomer blunt, conic, in a wide band; those in
outer series acute; a few on each side of mandible, and two or three
anteriorly on vomer enlarged, canine-like.
364 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Gill-openings very wide, tlie branchiostegal membranes little united,
leaving- nearly all of isthmus uncovered ; the membranes united as far
back, only as vertical from end of maxillary. Opercle adherent above
the upper angle, which is produced in a point extending above the base
of pectorals. Below the angle the opercular margin runs very obliquely
forwards. Eye large, equaling length of snout, greater than interor
bital width.
Origin of dorsal fin distant from nape by the length of the head ; the
fin a very inconspicuous fold anteriorly, becoming higher posteriorly,
where the rays are evident. Anal well developed along entire length,
beginning immediately behind vent and running to tail ; its rays visible.
Caudal exceedingly short. Pectorals very well developed, more than
half length of head. Vent just in front of base of pectorals.
Head 6^ in length; depth 10 J; eye 5 in head.
Head and body perfectly translucent ; a faint silvery luster on middle
of sides anteriorly ; a few inconspicuous small light yellowish spots along
middle of sides (disappearing in alcohol) ; tip of tail dusky; upper margin
of orbit black.
A single specimen, 3^ inches long, was found buried in the sand at
tow-tide on the beach of Mazatlan.
32. Etropus crossotus, gen. and sp. nov. (Pleuronectidce.) (28124.)
Char. gen. — Byes and color on the left side. Body deep, regularly
oval. Head small ; mouth very small, the teeth close set, pointed, in a
single series, mostly on the blind side. Eyes narrow, separated by a
narrow scaleless ridge. Margin of preopercle free. Ventrals free from
the anal, that of colored side on ridge of abdomen. Dorsal beginniug
above eye; caudal fin double truncate; anal fin not preceded by a spine;
scales thin, ctenoid on left side, smooth on blind side; lateral line sim-
ple, nearly straight, {erpov, abdomen; -ou<;, foot; the ventral being on
the ridge of the abdomen.)
Char, spec— Body oval, strongly compressed, with the dorsal and
ventral curves nearly equal ; both outlines strongly arched anteriorly.
Head very small; suout short; mouth very small, its cleft not so long
as the diameter of the orbit. Teeth conical, pointed, close-set, strongly
incurved, in a single series. Those in the upper jaw on the blind side
only; those in the lower jaw, on both sides. Eyes large, the lower in
advance of the upper, the two separated by a very narrow scaleless
ridge, which extends backward above the preopercle. Edge of opercle
on the blind side, with a row of conspicuous white cilise. Upper nostril
turned somewhat to blind side; anterior nostril of left side, with a very
slender cirrus.
Dorsal fin commencing over front of upper eye, its middle rays high-
est, the anterior not elevated. Anal fin not preceded by a spine, its
middle rays highest. Caudal fin very sharply double-truncate ; as long
as head. Pectorals short, that of left side the longer, about three-
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 365
fourths length of head. Ventral of colored side on the ridge of the
abdomen; the membrane of its last ray nearly reaching base of iirst ray
of anal. Ventral of blind side longer than the other, half the length
of the head, inserted farther forward than the ventral of colored side.
Vent lateral, with a well -developed anal i^apilla.
Scales thin, large; ctenoid on colored side, smooth on blind side,
those on the middle part of the body larger. Head entirely scaly, ex-
cept snout and interorbital ridge. Rays of vertical fins, with scales on
the basal half, on colored side. Lateral line developed equally on both
sides, nearly straight.
Head 4| in length; depth 1^\. D. 80; A. 61; V. C; Lat. 1. about 48.
Color light olive brown, with some darker blotches. Vertical fins
finely mottled and streaked with black and gray. Pectoral and ventral
of left side spotted.
A single specimen, about 5 inches long, was taken with a seine in the
Astillero at Mazatlan. Numerous others were afterwards obtained at
Panama.
33. Malthe elater, sp. nov. (28127.)
Body very broad and depressed, the disk considerably broader than
long, its width If times in length of body ; back and snout considerably
raised above rest of body; greatest depth of body scarcely more than
width of mouth. Mouth small, its width half greater than diameter of
orbit. Snout very short, scarcely projecting beyond mouth, its length
about equal to the interorbital width, shorter than its own width in
front. Eye rather large, much longer than snout, wider than' the inter-
orbital area. Process representing first dorsal spine present, small..
Skin covered with spines which are comparatively slender and sharp,
their stellate bases inconspicuous; the spines on snout and nuddle of
back and tail largest, much slenderer and sharper than in M. notata.
No spines on ocellre of back. Belly rough. Under side of tail with
tubercular plates. Tail depressed towards base of fin. Soft dorsal and
anal so shrunken that the rays cannot be counted. Pectorals one-third
longer than ventrals, their length 1§ Avidth of mouth. Caudal a little
longer than pectoral, 4.^ in body. Length 4 inches.
Color light olive, above everywhere thickly and uniformly covered
with small round spots of dark brown, these about as large as the pupil,
and about as wide as the lighter intersi)aces. A conspicuous ocellus,
larger than eye, on each side of back. This ocellus has a bright yellow
central spot surround by a black ring, around which is a pale ring, and
finally a fainter dark one. Under jiarts plain white. Pectorals spotted ;
caudal yellowish at base with a terminal blackish band.
A single specimen was collected in Mazatlan Harbor and presented
to the National Museum by Dr. J. U. Bastow. Two other specimens
were afterwards seen but not obtained. The species is evidently rare at
Mazatlan, and is unknown to the fishermen.
366 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
DESCRIPTIOIV OF A ViEW OWt. FROM JPOBTO RICO.
By ROBEKT BII>C}\%^AY.
ASIO POETOEIOENSIS, Sp. UOV.
Sp. ch. — Above dnsky brown, nearly or quite uniform on the dorsal
region; the scapulars, however, narrowly bordered with pale ochraceous
or dull buif ; feathers of the head narrowly, and those of the nape
broadly, edged with bufl'y ; rumi> and upper tail-coverts paler brown
or fawn-color, the feathers marked near their tips by a crescentic bar
of dark brown. Tail deep ochraceous, crossed by about five distinct
bands of dark brown, these very narrow on the lateral rectrices, but
growing gradually broader toward the intermediae, which are dark
brown, with five or six pairs of ochraceous spots (corresponding in i)osi-
tion to the ochraceous interspaces on the other tail feathers), these spots
sometimes having a central small brown blotch. Wings witli dark brown
prevailing, but this much broken by a general and conspicuous spotting
of ochraceous ; primaries crossed with bands of dark brown and deep
ochraceous, the latter broadest on the outer quills, the pictura of which
is much as in A. accipitrinus, but with the lighter color usually less ex-
tended. Face with dull, rather pale, ochraceous prevailing; this becom-
ing nearly white exteriorly, where bordered, around the side of the
head, by ^ uniform dark brown post-auricular bar; eyes entirely sur-
rounded by uniform dusky, this broadest beneath and behind the eye.
Lower parts pale ochraceous or bufi", the crissum, anal region, tarsi, and
tibiiie entirely immaculate ; jugulum and breast marked with broad
stripes of dull brown, the abdomen, sides, and flanks with narrow stripes
or streaks of the same. Lining of the wing nearly immaculate ochra-
ceous. Bill dusky; iris yellow. Wing, 11.25- 12.tK); tail, 5.25-5.50;
culmen, .70; tarsus, 1.85-2.00; middle toe, 1.20-1.30.
JSab. — Porto Eico.
In "History of North American Birds," Vol. Ill, p. 25, under the head
of " Otus hrachyotus,''^ reference was made to this form of the Short-eared
Owl, as follows : "A specimen from Porto Eico (No. 39G43) is somewhat
remarkable on account of the prevalence of the dusky of the upper
parts, the unusually few and narrow stripes of the lower parts, the
rouudish ochraceous spots on the wings, and in having the i)rimaries
barred to the base. Should all other specimens from the same region
agree in these characters, they might form a diagnosable race. The
plumage has an abnormal appearance, however, and I much doubt
whether others like it will ever be taken." That the latter unfortu-
nate prediction was quite unnecessary is fully demonstrated by three
additional specimens kindly sent me for examination by Mr. George
N. Lawrence, all of which closely resemble the one in the National
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 367
Museum collection. In fact, the characters of the four examples are so
uniform as to leave no doubt that the Porto Eican Short-eared Owl is a
well marked local form, which, on account of its isolation and conse-
quent improbability of its iutergradation with A. aecipitrimis, I propose
to recognize as a distinct species.
In connection with this subject I have carefully examined a very large
series of A. accipitrinus, and have been entirely unable to distinguish
between continental specimens from any part of the world. Examples
from Chili, the Argentine liepublic, Brazil, and Costa liica can be per-
fectly matched by others from North America and Asia ; an example from
Costa Eica is almost exactly like one from Beyrout, Syria ; another from
the Sandwich Islands is undistinguishable from certain American speci-
mens, while there appears to be no constant difference between North
American specimens and those from Europe and Asia. As a rule, Eu-
ropean skins are paler than North American ones ; but the palest (as
well as the most deeply colored) examples I have seen are from North
America. In short, I find that in a series from any given locality, on
either continent, the individual variation is greater than any geographi-
cal variation in this species.
Although I have not seen the Short-eared Owl of the Galapagos {Otus
galapagoensis Gouldj, I have no doubt of the validity of that species.
The transverse bars on the feathers of the lower parts and the longitu-
dinal streaks on the legs, are features never observable in A. accipUnnus
nor in A. portoricensis. In other respects, however, A. {lalapagoensis
appears to be quite similar to the latter, but is still darker colored, as
well as smaller.
It appears, therefore, that, besides the common and nearly cosmopolitan
A. accipitriuus, there are two * w^ell-marked insular forms belonging to
the subgenus Brachyotus, which, though in all probability descended
from the same ancestral stock, should, on account of their geographical
isolation, be considered as distinct species. Compared with A. accipit-
rinus, they difler from that species, and from each other, as follows :
a. Legs entirely immaculate ; lower parts without trace of transverse
bars ; first i)rimary much shorter than second.
1. A. ACCIPITRINUS. Dorsal region conspicuously striped with
ochraceous ; outer webs of primaries with ochraceous largely pre-
vailing toward the base. Wing usually more than 12.00 inches.
SaJ). — Europe, Asia, the whole of continental America, and Sand-
wich Islands. (Strongs Island, West Indies'?)
* A single specimen of a Short-eared Owl from Strong's Island, West Indies (No.
66235, U. S. Nat. Mus.), appears at first glance to be qnite peculiar in coloration, by
reason of tlie general prevalence of ochraceous above, the nearly nuilorm reddish
ochraceous of the rump and upper tail-coverts, and more nearly uniform brownish of
the wing-coverts, especially the smaller ones. There are also other slight differences,
appreciable to the eye but difficult to define, and it may be that the specimen in ques-
tion merely represents one of the many individnal variations of the common species.
I therefore, for the present at least, refer it to A. accipitrinus, since it would be unsafe
to predicate a local race upon a single specimen. The measurements are as follows:
Wing, 11.50; tail, 5.75; culmen, .80; tarsus, 1.80; middle toe, 1.15.
3G8 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
2. A. PORTOEiCENSis. Dorsal region nearly uniform dark brown ',
outer webs of primaries with the ochraceous spaces scarcely or
not at all more extensive than the brown ones on the basal por-
tion of the quills. Wing, 11.25-12.00. Rab. — Porto Rico.
h. Legs marked with narrow dusky streaks ; lower parts with a greater
or less number of transverse bars ; first i^rimary scarcely shorter than
the second.
3. A. GALAPAGOENSis. Dorsal region irregularly barred or trans-
versely spotted with fulvous; outer webs of primaries with the
brown spaces more extensive than the fulvous ones, on the basal
portion of the quills. Wing, 11.00. Hah. — Galapagos Islands.
I am aware that my conclusions, as given above, are somewhat
different from those of Mr. E. B. Sharpe in vol. ii as expres>ed in
his ^^ Catalogue of the Striges^^ in the British Museum (pp. 238,239).
Mr. Sharpe there arranges the specimens of A. accipitrinus in the Brit-
ish Museum collection under four headings, as follows: "a. Asio accipi-
trinus,^^ ^^ fi. Asio cassini,''^ '■'•y. Asio galapagoensi.s,''^ and "(5. Asio sand-
wichensis^^ ', this arrangement being based upon the examination of 39
specimens of the first, 24 of "/5", 3 of ";'", and 2 specimens of the last
named. He admits, however, the impossibility of always distinguishing
between American and European specimens, though he states that "in
America the general run of the specimens is rather darker and more
ochraceous," both of which statements entirely agree with my own ob-
servations. The Falkland Island birds, says Mr. Sharpe, "seem perma-
nently rufescent, but cannot be distinguished from some Chilian skins;
and as some of the latter agree perfectly with European examples, no
line for specific separation can be drawn." As for myself, never having
seen specimens from the Falkland Islands, I am unable to comment
thereon.
The Galapagos Short-eared Owl is referred by Mr. Sharpe to A.
accipitrinus solely, it appears, on account of the close resemblance
between a Bogota skin and specimens from those islands in general
darkness of coloration ; but since the former is especially stated to lack
the leg- streaks, which constituce perhaps the most important character
of coloration in A. galapagoensis, it would seem that such a view of the
case is hardly warranted. That this disposition of A. galapagoensis was,
however, made very doubtfully by Mr. Sharpe is evident from his remarks
in connection with the subject, as follows : "The Owl from the Galapagos
is by far the most different of any, by reason of its small size, dark
coloration, golden forehead, and striped thigh-feathers. I have never
seen a specimen from any other locality exhibiting the latter character ;
at the same time a Bogota skin in every other respect approaches it in
appearance, and therefore, although I admit that at present it would
appear to be specifically distinct, I should like to be sure that the New
Granadan Short-eared Owl would not form a connecting link."
"The specimens from the Sandwich Islands," says Mr. Sharpe, "form
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 369
an interesting pair on account of tlieir locality, but tbey cannot bo sepa-
rated as a species. They are rather small, and have a very dnshy frontal
patch ; this I have found in other Asiatic specimens, and therefore the
Sandwich Island Owl can only be considered a small race of A. accijpi-
trinusy
The United States j!!fational Museum possesses a single specimen (No.
13890, T. E. Peale) of the Short-eared Owl from the Sandwich Islands,
and this one can be exactly matched, both in coloration and dimensions,
by American specimens, while many of the latter are smaller than the
two Honolulu examples the measurements of which are given by Mr.
Sharpe. Thus it seems that the Sandwich Island bird can be in no
way separated from the common and widely distributed A. accipitrinus.
As to the difference in coloration said by Mr. Sharpe to distinguish
the sexes in this species, I cannot substantiate it with regard to the
specimens in the United States National Museum, if the determina-
tions of collectors are to be relied upon. Two specimens from China,
represent nearly the extremes of coloration, yet the lighter colored one
is the female, the darker one the male (according to the labels) ; one of
the lightest colored of Nortli American specimens is marked as a female,
while many dark colored specimens are determined as males. Neither
can I agree with Mr. Sharpe in his opinion that the dark bar or spot
sometimes found on the basal portion of the inuer web of the outer in'i-
mary is a "tolerably good indication of an adult bird," but from an ex-
amination of many specimens am inclined to regard it as merely an
individual peculiarity, having no reference to either age or sex. As to
the very marked variation in tlie depth of the ochraceous coloring (some
specimens being deeply tawny and others nearly white beneath), it ap-
pears to me that the two extremes, instead of being sexual, are merely
analogous to the normal and erythrismal phases of other Owls, there
being every gradation in different specimens between the two extremes
of coloration.
Below are given the principal synonyms and references pertaining to
A. accipitrinus and its allies.
1. ASIO ACCIPITRINUS (Pall.) Newton.
{iShort-eared Owl.)
Noctua major Briss. Oru. i, 1760, 511 (excl. syn. pt.). (ie Grande Chouette.)
Strix accipitrina Pall. Reise Russ. Eeiclis. i. 1771-76, 455.
Asio accipitrinwH Newt, ed Yarrell's Brit. B. i, 1872, 163.— Sharpe, Cat. Striges
Brit. Mils. 1875, 234 (excl. syn. galapagoensis Goukl.) — Ridgw. Nom. N.
Am. B. 1881, 36, No. 396.
• Brachyotus accipitrinus Gurney Ibis, 1872, 328 (Formosa).
Noctua minor S. G. Gmel. N. Comm. Petrop. xv, 1771, 447, pi. 12.
Strix arctica Sparrm. Mus. Carls. 1786-'89, pi. 51.— Daud. Tr. Orn. ii, 1800, 197.
St7-ix brachyotus J. R. Forst. Phil. Trans. Isii, 1772, 384 (Severn R., Arctic, Am. !).—
GsiEL. S. N. i, pt. 1, 1788, 289.— Wils. Am. Orn. Iv, 1812, 64, pi. 33, lig. 3.—
Naum. ViJg. Deutschl. i, 1820,459, pi. 45, fig. I (" braclujotos''').—^VTT.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 24 April 6, 1883.
370 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Mau. i, 183-2, 132.— Aud. Orn. Bios- v, 1839, 273, pi. 432.— Sw, «& Rich.
F.B. A.ii, 1831, 75 ("trac/ii/oto").
Strix IracMotm Meyer & Wolf Tiischeub. V(3g. Deutsclil. i, 1810, 43.
Otus hrachyotus BoiE Isis, 1822, 549.— AuD. Syuop. 1839,28; B.A. Am. i, 1840,
pi. 38.— Cass. Ulustr. 1854, 182.— Scl. «fe Salv. Norn. Neotr. 1873, llfi.
Otns {Brachijoius) hrachyotus EiDGW. in B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. iii, 1874,22.
Asio braehyotus Macgill. Hist. Brit. B. iii, 1H40, 461.— Strickl. Orn. Syn. i,
1855, 209. .
Uliila hrachyotus Macgill. Rapac. B. Gt. Brit. , 412.
jEgoUm hrachyotus Keys. & Blas. Wirb. Eur. 1840, 32, 143.
''Strix ulnla" Gmel. (wee Linn.) S. N. i, pt. 1,1788, 294.— Pall. Zoog. Rosso-As. i,
1831, 322.
"Asio ulula " Less. Man. i, 1831, 116.
"Otus ulula" Cuv. R5g. An. i, 1817, 328.
Strix tripennis ScHKAXK. Fauna Boica, i, 1798, 112.
? .Strix palustris Bechst. Nat. DeutscM. ii, 1791, 344; ed. 2, ii, 1805, 906.
Otus palustris Bkehm VOg. Deutschl. 1831, 124.
Braehyotus j^nlustris Boxap. Comp. List, 1838, 7 ; Cousp. i, 1850, 51. — Gould
B. Eur. pi. 40 ; B. Gt. Brit. pi. xxxii.— DeKay Zool. N. Y. ii, 1844, 28, pi.
12, f. 27.— CoUES Key, 1872, 204; Check List, 1873, No. 321; B. N. W.
1874, 306.
Strix passei'ina, Var. B. Lath. Ind. Orn. i, 1790, 66.
Strix caspia Shaw Gen. Zool. vii. 1809, 272. .
Strix cegolius Pall. Zoog. Rosso-As. i, 1831, 309.
Braehyotus wgolius Boxap. Rev. et :Mag. Zool. 1854, 541.
Otus microaphalui Leach Syst. Cat. Brit. Mus. 1816, 11.
Strix hrachyura NiLSS. Orn. Suec. i, 1817, 62.
Otus agrarius Brehm Vog. Deutschl. 1«31, 124.
Braehyotus agrarius Brehm Naum. 1855, 270.
Braehyotus palustris europwus Boxap. Consp. i, 1850, 51.
Braehyotus jMlustris americanus Bonap. 1. c.
Otus hrachyotus americanus Max. J. f. O. 1858, 27.
Otus hreviarius LiCHT. Nomencl. 1854, 6 (Brazil).— SCHLEG. Mus. P.-B. Oti, 1862, 4.
Braehyotus Icucopsis Brehm Naum. 1855, 270.
Braehyotus eassini Brewer Pr. Boston Soc. 1856, ; N. Am. 051. i, 1857, 68. —
Cass. Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 54; Orn. U. S.Expl. Exp. 1858, 108.— Baird
Cat. N. Am. B. 18.59, No. .
Otus eassini Gray Hand-1. i, 1869, 51.
Otus hrachyotus p. eassini RiDGW. Field and Forest, June, 1877, 210.
Asio aecipitrinus, j3. Asio eassini Sharpe Cat. Striges Brit. Mus. 1875, 238.
Strix sandwichensis Blox. Voy. Blonde, 1826, 250 (Sandwich Islands).
Asio sandviehensis Blyth Ibis, 1863, 27.
Asio aecipitrinus, 6. Asio sandidichensis Sharpe, 1. c.
Braehyotus gmdinii Malm. Gciteb. och Bohusl. Fauna, 1877, 75.
La Chouette Buff. PI. Enl. 488.
Caspian Owl Lath. Synop. i, 1785, 147.
2. ASIO PORTOEICENSIS Eidgw.
(Porto Rican Short-eared Old.)
"Otus {Bf-achyotus) hrachyotus" RtDGW. (part) in B. B. & R. Hist. N, Am. B, iii, 1874,
25 (spec, ex Porto Rico).
"Braehyotus cassinii" Gundl. J. f. O. 1874, 307, 310.
Asio portoricensis Ridgw. MSS.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 371
3. ASIO GALAPAGOENSIS (Gould) StricM.
{Galapagoan Short-eared Owl.)
Otus (Brachyotus) galapagoensis Gould PZS. 1837, 10 (Galapagos).
Brachyotus galapagoensis Bonap. Cousp. i, 1850, 51. — Cass. Illustr. B. Cal. Tex. etc.
1854, 183.
Otus galapagoensis Darwin Voy. Beag. Birds, iii, 1844, 32, pi. 3. — Gray Genera B. i,
1844, 40; List. B. Brit. Mus. , 108; Hand-1. i, 1869, 51.
Asio galapagoensis Strickl. Orn. Syn. i, 1855, 211.
Brachyotus paltistris, c. galapagoensis Coues Birds N. W, 1874, 307.
"Asio accipitrinus" Sharpe Cat. Strig. Brit. Mire. 1875, 234 (part).
Asio accipitrinus, y. Asio galapagoensis Sharpe t. c. 238 (Galapagos).
Smithsonian Institution, January 13, 1881.
DESCRIPTION OF TWO KKW RACES OF lUVAOESTES OBSCVRIJS
L.AFR.
By I^EONHARD STEJNEOER.
During a recent examination of the species of the genus Myadestes,
I have found that M. ohscurus ought to be divided into three distinct
races. I am indebted to the kindness of the authorities of the National
Museum for the opportunity of describing them.
Prof. S. F. Baird in his "Eeview" of American Birds, I, p. 431, has
already remarked, that "in specimens from Western Mexico, Tonila,
and Tres Marias, the ash of head invades the back," and that "the
rufous of the back is paler." But I find, also, that the specimens from
the continent and those from the islands mentioned difler from each
other so essentially in other particulars, that I have thought it convenient
to separate them as follows :
a' Head and neck slate-colored, rest of upper parts brownish olive.
1. M. ohscurus Lafr.
a^ Head, neck, and fore part of tlie back lighter ash-colored, changing gradually into
the paler olivaceous of the remaining upper parts.
6' First primary not longer than the longest of the primary coverts ; the second
shorter than the seventh. Only the three outer tail-feathers tipped with
white. Innermost secondaries without light edges on the tip.
2. M. ohscurus var. occidentalis Stejneger.
h^ First primary much longer than the longest of the primary coverts, the sec-
ond equal to the seventh. All the tail-feathers distinctly tipped with
white. Innermost secondaries with the tips light-edged.
3. M. ohscurus var. insularis Stejneger.
Myadestes obscurus Lafr.
Myadestes obscurus Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 98. — Baird, Rev. Amer. Birds, I, p. 430. —
SCLAT. and Salv. Exot. Ornith. pt. iv, p. 49, pi. xxv.
Descr.— ( U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 30722. Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala,
Nov., 1861. O. Salvin.) — Slate-gray, the back brownish olive, more
372 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
rusty on the fore part, and more olivaceous on the rump and upper tail-
coverts; upper head and neck gray, tbe latter slightly washed with
olivaceous, the forehead scarcely lighter. Round the eye a pure white
ring; chin, a stripe from the nostrils to above the eye, and another from
the base of the lower mandible, between the black of the lores and line
bordering the chin to below the eye dull whitish, fading out gradually
into the gray of the sides of the head and the throat. The flanks are
strongly suffused with olivaceous, the remaining under parts very
slightly so, the middle of the belly and the edges of the under tail-
coverts becoming dull white. Wing feathers brownish black, edged
with bright rusty on the outer web; the concealed base and edge of the
inner web of secondaries and inner primaries light buff", forming two
large patches on the under side of the wing. Tail-feathers black, ex-
cept the middle pair, which are gray, tinged with olive, especially on the
outer web; the exterior pair has the outer web and the apical half of
the inner one light grayish buff, the edge of the light-colored part and
the tip being white; the next pair has only a wedge-shaped and similar
color(;d patch towards the tip ; the third pair with a narrow tip of white.
Feet brown ; bill brownish black.
Li8t of specimens examined, and their dimensions.
B
•
>i
^
O
-d
q
d
5 <"
o a
Locality.
=3
From whom re-
ceived.
6
Pi
71
Vl
O
s
a
'u
Pi
o
a
B
O
o
0)
a
o
o-
1
§
a o
^3
a
§
ja
hb
<D
<
02 ?,
jH
a
a
^
■W
a
t— *
t2
^
^
^^
>A
^
H.
^
M
M
PP
m.m,
mm
mm'
mm,
mm,
mm
mm
m,7n
13660
SCLATER
— ad .
— ad .
23
63 100
61 99
97
96
20
9.i)
11
n
19
30722
Vole, do Fuego, Gnat .
Nov., 1861
Salvin
',9
37500
SOMICHRAST
— ad .
24
G6 102
95
20
20
12
19
Wing formula.
United States National Museum catalogue
number.
Distance from the tip of the Ion
of the-
gest primary to the tip
Ist.
2d.
3d.
4th.
5th.
6th.
7th.
13660
mm.
56
55
54
mm.
13
14
13
mm.
3
5
3
mm.
1
1
mm.
2
3
5
mm,.
11
30722
11
37500
14
Hab. — High table-land of Southern Mexico and Guatemala.
Myadestes obscurus var. occidentalis Stejneger.
Myiadestes obscurHS Lafr. apud Baiud, Kev. Amer. Birds, i, ]). 430 {part).
Descr.— (Z7. 8. Nat. Mus. No. 35038. — S ad. Tonila, Jalisco, October,
18G3. John Xantus.) Light slate-gray, only the interscapulars,
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 373
hind back, rump, aud upper tail-coverts suifused with olive, somewhat
rusty on the middle of the back ; the head, neck, and upper back gray,
forehead as light as the chin. Flanks i)ure gray without olive tinge.
In other respects the colors agree with the typical form, excepting that
the gray on the under parts is lighter and purer, and the rusty on the
wings paler and more mixed with olive.
J)imen,sions. — Length of the first primary, 18"*"'; of the second, GO""'".
Wing, 105 ; tail to basal end of feathers, 101 ; tarsus, 21 ; middle toe
with claw, 19 ; exposed culmen, 11 ; and commissure, 18""".
Wing formula. — Distance from the tip of the longest primary to the
tip of the 1st, Go ; 2d, 10 ; 3d, 4 ; 4th, ; 5th, 1 ; 0th, 4 ; and 7th, lo""".
Hah. — Southwestern coast of Mexico and Guatemala.
Bemarl's. — The chief difierences between the typical ohseurus and tht^
above-described race consist in the rather duller shade of the gray, and
the brighter color of the rusty in the former, and in the absence of the
rusty or olive wash on the fore part of the back aud the flanks in the
latter. In many respects it comes very near to Myadestes elimbeth^ but
is easily distinguishable from this species by having the wings more
rusty, and the upper head and fore part of the back pure gray.
Myadestes obscurus var. insularis Stejneger.
Myiadestes obscurus Lafk. apml Baikd, Rev. Amer. Birds, i, p. 430 (pari). — Lawr.
• Proc. Bust. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1871, p. 277, aud Extr. p. 19.
Descr.— (Z7. 8. Nat. Mus. No. 37327. — ^ ad. Tres Marias Islands,
Jan., 1805. (Jol. A. J. Grayson.) In color this race shows very great
resembhince to the foregoing, the olive-colored part of the back being
only a trille more rusty. It differs, however, in having the light fore-
head decidedly tinged with olivaceous bufi", as also the light malar
stripe; besides, the flanks are slightly tinged with olive. The most
striking diflerences, however, are the light buff edges on the tip of the
innermost secondaries, and the small, but very distinct and pure white
spot on the tip of all the tail feathers. Grayson (Lawr. 1. c.) gives
the color of the eyes and the feet as black ; but the latter are in the
three specimens before me clear umber brown.
List of specimens examined, and their dimensions.
a
t^
>i
"a
ri
u
13
^
S
^n
d
Pi
P*
a
r3
u
(0
P4
2 S
Locality.
Prom whom re-
ceived.
o
o
^1
cs
o
o
03
O
a o
a
A
fn
"So
ti)
2"^
i
g
w
=5
IB
g
a
1
mm
mm,
mvi
m.m,
mm
mm
mm,
m,rii
37327
Tres Marias Islands . .
Jan., 1865
Colonel Grayson. .
cf ad.
23
67
100
102
23
21
11
17
37328
do
Jan., 1865
do
d" ad.
cf ad.
24
22
65
65
08
97
96
96
23
22
22
21
11
11
18
55051
do
do
19
374 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Colonel Grayson gives (1. c.) the total length of the male, measured
fresh, to 7.90 inches.
Wing formula.
United States National Museum catalogue
number.
Distance from the tip of the longest primary to the tip
of the—
Ist.
2d.
3d.
4th.
5th.
6th.
7th.
37327
37328
mm.
53
50
51
mm.
9
10
10
mm.
2
1
1
mm.
mm.
mm.
3
2
2
mm.
10
10
55051
10
Hab. — Tres Marias Islands.
Eemarks. — This insular race is distinguishable from the var. occidentalis
mainly by its less pointed wings and the longer first primary. In color,
the two races agree very well, except that the bird from the Tres Marias
Islands shows a faint olive wash all over. From both the other forms
it may be easily distinguished by the light edgings on the inner sec-
ondaries, and the very distinct white tip of the tail feathers, which is
to be found also on the three middle j)airs. It seems that this character
is constant, and that it does not depend on seasonal change or more or
less good state of the feathers. All the specimens, which I have exam-
ined, seem to have been collected in the winter', and the quills are in
all of them in a quite perfect state.
WASHiNaTON, D. G., January 12, 1882.
DESCRIPTIONS OF TM^O NE^V THRUSHES FROm THE UIVITED
STATES.
By ROBERT RIDOH'AY.
2a. Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola subsp. nov.
{Willow Thrush.)
Turdus fuscescens Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 922, 927 (Ft. Bridger, Wyoming) ; Eev. Am.
B. i, 1864, 17 (part; spec, from Ft. Bridger). — Allen, Bull. M. C.Z. iii,
1872, 155, 173 (Mts. of Colorado).— Eidgw. Bull. Essex Inst. 1873, 172
(Salt Lake Valley, Utah); Bull. Essex Inst. 1873, 179 (Colorado): ih.
1875, 35 (Frovo R., Utah); Orn. 40tli Paral. 1874, 398 (valleys of Bear,
Provo, and Weber R's, Utah; breeding). — Henshaw, Ann. Lye. N. Y.
■ xi, 1874 (Utah); Rep. Wheeler's Exp. 1874, 39, 56, 71 (do.); Zool.
Wheeler's Exp. 1875, 148 (Denver & Ft. Garland, Colorado; breeding). —
COUES, B. N. W. 1874, 5 (part).
Turdus (Hylocichla) fuscescens CouES, B. Col. Val. 1878, 39 (part).
Ch. — Similar to R. fuscescens, but averaging decidedly larger, the
upper parts much less tawny, and the jugulum less distinctly buff.
Wing, 3.80-4.25 (4.02); tail, 2.95-3.40 (3.20); culmen, .55-.60 (.57); tar-
sus, 1.15-1.28 (1.17); middle toe, .65-.75 (.69).*
* Extreme and average measurements of 11 adults.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 375
Adult in spring. — Above uniform russet-olive (much as hi IT. ustulat a) ;
jugulum and lower part of throat pale buff, as in ustidata, much lighter
than in fuscescens, the markings, however, small and narrow as in the
latter. Sides of head dull grayish, without trace of lighter orbital
ring ; sides of breast, sides, and li'auks ash-gray (rather deeper than in
fuscescens), the breast very faintly or not at all spotted with darker. •
Adult in fall and rcinter. — Above darker, more umber, brown; jugu-
lum and lower part and sides of throat deeper buif, with nuich darker
spots.
The general appearance of this bird at first glance is more that of
H. ustuiata than true H. fuscescens, the upper paits and anterior lowei'
parts being quite similarly colored. A close examination, however, im-
mediately reveals radical differences, the most important of which is
the total absence of any light orbital ring, which is always i^resent, and
very distinct, in ustuiata. The wings and tail, instead of being ap-
preciably more rufescent than the back and rump are, on the other
hand, less so ; the buff of the jugulum gives way very abruptly to the
■ash-gray on the sides of the breast, and the spots end quite as abruj)tly,
the breast being plain ash-gray laterally, and white medially, with very
indistinct spots of grayish between the white and the gray. In ustuiata
the sides are decidedly brown, with very distinct transverse spots of a
darker shade of the same color entirely across the breast. Another ex-
cellent character consists in the color of the axillars and lining of the
wing, which are light grayish in the present bird, and deep brownish
buff in ustuiata.
The differences from typical fuscescens of the Atlantic States, as in-
dicated in the above diagnosis, are exceedingly constant.
A specimen from Chicago, 111., in the collection of 11. K. Coale, of
that city (No. 1568, Coll. H. K. C, Sept. 10), is referable to this race,
and is evidently a fall straggler from the Rocky Mountain district. It is
even more olive above than most specimens from that region, having
almost exactly the same shade of color as a fall specimen of H. swainsoni
from Massachusetts, the latter, however, an unusually brown example.
The entire absence of any light orbital ring, the narrow, almost linear,
streaks of the jugulum, and the peculiar proportions, however, refer it
at once to fuscescens.
I have called this new form salicicola on account of its marked pre-
dilection for willow thickets, to which, along the streams in the valleys
and lower canons of the Eocky Mountain region, it is chiefly confined
during the breeding season.
376 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
List of specimens examined.
MALES.
^
o
"«
73
U
? =3
^
S +^
•r-^
60
Locality.
S.t!
n:2
p
s
O
£,
6
a
:^ o
"3
S
Td
a
c3
<
P
^
H
ci
■;^
3
7946 L N M
Ad.
May 28
May 26
May 17
June 19
4.25
3.40
1.20
.70
.55
66667 "V M
Ad.
4.10
3.30
1.15
.70
.60
66668 N M
Ad.
4.20
3.25
1.15
.70
.55
66689 N. M.
do
Ad.
4.10
3.25
L20
.65
.58
KISR'' X M
Ad.
May 28
4.00
3.10
1.15
.68
•
.58
4.13
3.26
L17
.69
.57
FEMALES.
79460 N. M. Fort G-arland, Colo.
69898 N. M. Laramie, Wyo
10881 N. M. Fort Bridge'r, Wyo
Average
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
June 19
May 27
4. DO
3.80
3.90
3.25
2.95
3.05
1.12
1.10
1.15
1.12
.65
.70
.68
.55
.55
.58
,56
SEX NOT DETERMINED.
65051 N. M.
41519 N. M.
65893 N. M.
Fort Rice, Dak
Montana Territory . .
Souris River, Dakota
Average of .sex not determined .
Average of males
Average of females
Average of botli sexes.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
June 14
May —
Sept. 16
4.05
4.05
4.00
4.03
4.13
3.90
3.20
3.30
3.30
3.27
3.26
3.08
L15
1.28
1.20
1.21
1.17
A. 12
.57
.57
.56
1.70
.57
Below is given a list of the specimens of H. fuscescens examined in
this connection, with their measurements.
MALES.
H.W.H.
82511 .Nat. M.
2145 Nat. M.
26 E. P. B.
28 E. P. B.
690 E. P. B.
142 H.W.H.
H.W.H.
63058 Nat. M.
63062 Nat. M.
82508 Nat. M.
13698 Nat. M.
63847 Nat. M.
Locality.
Washington, D. C
Fairfax County, Virginia.
Carlisle, Pa 1 . .
Riverdale, N. T
do
do
Cambridge, Mass
do.t..
do
do
do
Rainy Lake, Manitoba
Pembina, Dak
Average .
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Sept. 13
Sept. 6
Apr. 26
Aug. 28
Aug. 26
Sept. 28
May 26
June 12
May 21
May 29
June 14
4.00
4.05
4.15
4.00
3.90
4. OO
3.90
3.80
4.10
4.15
4. 15
4.00
4.00
4.01
0:S
3.10
3.10
3.00
3.05
3.00
2.90
3.00
3.05
3.10
3.05
3.30
2.90
3.10
3.05
LOS
1.18
L20
L20
1.12
L20
1.18
L25
1.18
1.20
1.25
LIO
L20
L18
.65
.72
.70
.70
.72
.70
.70
.70
.70
.70
.70
.70
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 377
List of specimens examined — Continued.
FEMALES.
Locality.
H.W.H.
273 H.W.H.
82510 Nat. M.
989 Nat. M.
503 E. P. B.
587 E. P. B.
27 E. P. B.
■Washington, D. C
Cambridge, Mass .
Concord, Mass
Carlisle, Pa
Riverdale, N. T . .
do
do
Average of females.
Average of males. . .
Average of both sexes.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Sept. 13
Sept. 18
May 16
May 18
Sept. 2
June 9
Sept. 4
3.85
3.80
3.80
3.75
3.70
3.85
3.75
2.90
2.80
2.90
3.00
2.70
3.00
2.85
1.15
1.12
1.10
1.12
1.10
1.20
1.12
3.79
4.01
2.88
3.05
1.13
1.18
.70
.70
.65
.65
.70
.70
3.90
2.96
1.38
.69
.52
.52
.52
.58
.52
.60
1.11
.55
3a. Hylocichla alici^ bicknelli Ridgw.
[BickneWs Thrush.)
Ch. — Similar to Hylocichla aUciw Bairtl, but mucli smaller and (usiially )
with the bill more sjlender. Wing, 3.40-3.80 (3.65) ; tail, 2.C0-2.90 (2,75) ;
culmen, .50-.52 (.5) ; tarsus, 1.10-1.25 (1.13) ; middle toe, .65-.70 (.08).
Hal). — Breeding near the summit of Slide Mountain, Ulster County,
i^Tew York (Bicknell), and probably in other mountainous districts of
the northeastern United States -, in migrations mixed with H. alicice.
Mr. Eugene P. Bicknell, of Eiverdale, N. Y., has very kindly given
me permission to describe the present new Thrush, which uo one else
appears to have met with. The above diagnoses and following remarks
are based entirely upon the specimens in Mr. Bicknell's collection, which
are the only ones I have seen. It is also proper to state here that the
differences presented by these specimens from true H. alicice were first
noticed by Mr. Bicknell, and by him pointed out to me.
The seven specimens upon which this new race is based are uniformly
very much smaller than true H. alicice^ with slenderer bills, and present
also certain slight but rather indefinite peculiarities of coloration. After
a very careful comparison, however, I am unable to find any constant
color-differences which can be expressed in a diagnosis. Some speci-
mens, notably the two males from Slide Mountain (where Mr. Bicknell
found the present bird breeding in comj)any with H. nstulata swainsoni
and H. unalasccc paUasi, and having very distinctive habits and notes
as compared with the two species in question), have the upper parts
much browner than in alicia', with the wings and tail appreciably
more reddish. Iji fact, the general aspect of the upper i^arts ap-
proaches more closely that of H. ustulata, but the shade is much darker
378 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
and less fulvous, while, as in typical aliciw, there is no trace of a lighter
orbital ring. The bill is much more slender than in most specimens of
the larger form, while in several examples it is of a very iDcculiar shape,
being much depressed basally, with the middle portion of the culmen
somewhat concave. In fact, the bill in these specimens is much like
that of the Nightingale [Luscinia philomela) in shape, but with even a
more prominent angle at the base of the gonys, and still more depressed
at the base. The extreme form of the bill, in this respect, as exhibited
in No. 653 (coll. E. P. B.), suggests very strongly that of Cinclus.
Mr. Bicknell sends me the following notes, based upon his specimens:
" In regard to the differences of coloration of the two forms, I find
that, though some siiecimens in my series can be closely matched, the
majority can be separated by color differences. These, however, are
not very tangible, but most specimens of the smaller form present a
somewhat undefinable appearance, which separates them from the
larger. This is best seen about the head, and seems to be produced by
a brownish shade relieving those colors which in true alicice are dark
and sooty. Though my two Catskill examples are darker than spring
specimens of alicice, specimens of the smaller form taken in the fall are
quite uniformly paler than those of true alicice taken at the same season 5
and though this seems to be contrary to a recognized law of geographi-
cal distribution, it certainly is the fact. Besides in the general color it
is noticeable in the legs and feet, some of the smaller forms having the
tarsi a pale clear yellow, while in many large specimens . they are uni-
formly dark. The base of the lower mandible is also more largely and
generally yellow in the smaller form."
List of specimens examined.
MALES.
345 E. P. B.
692 E. P. B.
652 E. P. B.
653 E. P. B.
Locality.
Eiverdale, N. T
do
Slide Mountain, IST. T.
do
Average .
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
May 24
Sept. 29
June 15
June 15
3.75
3.70
3.70
3.75
3.72
2.80
2.80
2.90
2.90
1.15
1.10
1.10
1.25
.70
.52
.52
.52
FEMALES.
706 E. P. B.
Riverdale, N. Y
Ad.
Ad.
Oct. 8
Sept. 27
3.40
3.80
2.60
2.70
1.10
L12
.68
.65
.50
23 E. P. B.
do
.50
3.60
2.65
1.11
.66
.50
SEX UNDETERMINED.
17 E. P. B.
Ad.
(Fall.)
3.55
3.72
2.75
2.85
1.15
1.15
.70
.69
.51
Average both
.52
3.62
2.75 1-14
.68
.51
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 379
For comparison, I give below measurements of all the specimens of
H. alicice Baird examined in connection with the present subject :
MAJLES.
Locality.
<fc.£
18072 N.it. M.
323 H. W. H.
339 H. W. H.
340 H. W. H.
82512 Nat. M.
63064 Nat. M.
77170 Nat. M.
82519 Nat. M.
82.516 Nat. M.
25213 Nat. M.
70160 Nat. M.
81304 Nat. M.
81334 Nat. M.
4708 Nat. M.
54308 Nat. M.
340 E. P. B.
541 E. P. B.
339 E. P. B.
691 E. P. B.
E. P. B.
18 E. P. B.
697 E. P. B.
25 E. P. B.
707 E. P. B.
Gros water Bay, Labrador .
Cambridge, Mass
do
do
do
do
Cook County, niinoia
Mount Carmel, 111
Fairfax County, Virginia .
Washington, D. C
Saint Michaels, Alaska . . .
do
Kodiak, Alaska
Vermilion River
Yakuts, Alaska
Riverdale, N. T
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
4.30
4.20
3.85
4.20
4.10
4.00
4.30
4.10
4.40
4.25
4.20
4.20
4.30
4.25
4.10
4.20
4.25
4.35
4.20
3.85
4.15
4.00
4.15
3.95
4.16
3.00
3.20
3.05
3.15
3.05
3.00
3.10
3.00
3.25
3.20
2.90
3.00
3.00
3.05
2.85
3.40
3.15
3.20
3.25
3.10
3.20
3.00
3.10
3.00
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.25
1.20
1.18
1.20
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.18
1.20
1.15
1.18
1.15
1.30
1.30
1.20
1.15
1.12
1.25
1.19
1. 22
1.20
.55
.57
.^2
.55
.50
.58
3.17
1.20
FEMALES.
H.W.H.
H. W. H.
63066 Nat.M.
H. W. H.
H.W.H.
82515 Nat. M.
59301 Nat. M.
71159 Nat. M.
55502 Nat. M.
22607 Nat. M.
43194 Nat.M.
43205 Nat. M.
19 E. P.B.
623 E. P. B.
GrantvU^j, Mass.
do
Washiagton, D. C
do
do
do
Fort Sisseton, Dak
Fort Macon, N. C
Fort Simpson, British America . .
Foit Anderson, British America.
do
Kiverdale, N. T
do
Average of females ,
Average of males . . .
Average of both sexes .
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
Ad.
3.90
3.75
4.10
3.90
4.05
3 90
3.90
4.10
4.20
4.05
3.95
4.05
4.00
3.95
3.99
4.16
2.85
2.85
3.10
2.95
3.00
2.90
3.00
2.90
3.20
2.90
2.90
2.90
3.05
2.85
3.02
3.17
3.09
1.15
1.18
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.18
1.15
1.12
1.15
1.20
1.12
1.12
1.15
1.15
1.16
1.20
1.18
.65
.68
.57
.58
.57
.58
.55
Oct. 12
Oct. 12
45! I Sept. 26
57 j Sept. 29
55 I May 23
May 4
Sept. 10
Junell
Juno —
Oct. 18
Oct. 2
.58
.57
.55
.57
.50
.55
BEIVTIIODESITIUS, A NEW G£i\rS OF DEEP-SEA FISHES, AL.L,IED TO
L.EPIDOPIJS.
By O. BROll'N OOOD£ and TARLETON H. BEAN.
The United States Fish Commission has recently received from Capt.
Eoderick Morrison, of the Gloucester fishing schooner Laura Nelson,
a remarkable fish, taken from the stomach of a halibut caught on the
western edge of the Grand Bank of Newfoundland in eighty fathoms
380 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
of water. The specimen represents a species first made known by F. E.
Clarke in Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute,
(xi, 1878, p. 294, pi. xiv) under the name Lepidopus elongatus. Clarke
had seen eight or ten examples, all taken at Hokitika, on the South
Island of the Kew Zealand group. Hokitika is in about south latitude
43° and east longitude 171°. A remarkable range is thus discovered
for this singular Trichiiirid. The species differs in so many important
characters from Lepidopus and other allied genera that we are forced to
establish for it a new genus more nearly related to Emxymetopon Poey
and Lepidopus Gouan than to any other forms at present known to
ichthyologists. Its distinctive characters may be formulated as follows :
Benthodesmus new genus, Trichiurid^.
Body naked, much compressed, attenuate, tapering gradually from
vent to base of caudal. Caudal peduncle very slender, supporting a
small but well-developed caudal fin. Vent considerably nearer to head
than to tail.
Lateral line simple, in a deep, wide furrow, nearly straight, in front
of the vent gradually ascending to the scapular region.
Head comijressed, its upper profile nearly horizontal ; snout gibbous
near its end, as in Lepidopus.
Top of head very flat, concave between the eyes, with no occipital
crest. Interorbital ridges not elevated.
Byes large, slightly postmedian. Operculum oblong, reaching a little
beyond the base of the pectoral fin. Nostrils horizontal, in front of the
eyes.
Supramaxillary not extending to vertical from front of eyes. Lower
jaw with stout cutaneous appendage.
Three very long, simple, compressed teeth on each intermaxillary in
front ; outside of these a few minute teeth, and behind them a row of
large acicular teeth. In lower jaw a single row of moderately large
acicular teeth, more numerous than in the ui)j)er jaw, largest in the
middle of the jaw. Palatine teeth minute.
Dorsal fin, beginning above the operculum, nearly uniform in height
throughout its entire length, and continuous almost to the caudal. Rays
very numerous (over 150 in B. elongatus). Anal beginning near the
vent, preceded by a single scale-like appendage; spines very numerous
(numbering with the rays about 100 in B. elongatus, all except 28 or 30
being spines), minute and almost hidden ; a short fin posteriorly.
Caudal small, normal, forked.
Pectoral fins inserted almost horizontally, with lower rays longest,
and its upper outline rounded.
Ventral fins represented each by a minute scale-like spine, inserted
below the origin of the pectorals.
Pseudobranchiae present ; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth.
Gill-rakers short and spiny, in a single series on the first and second
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 381
arches, almost obsolete on the the third and fonrth. (In Lepidopvs
caudatus all the arches are supplied with several series of •rakers.)
Type, Lepidopus elongatus Clarke.
Benthodesmus may be distinguished from Lepidojms, the most closely
related genus, by the following salient characters :
1. The slenderer, lower form of the body, the height of which in B.
elongatus at the A^ent is one-fourth the length of the head, in Lepi-
dopns cm(datus, nearly half the length of the head.
2. In the location of the vent, which is considerably nearer to the
head.
3. In the straighter course of the lateral line, and the greater size of
the furrow in which it is situated.
4. In the depressed form of the head, its flat profile, the insignificance
of the frontal ridges, and the absence of the occipital crest.
5. In the horizontal instead of oblique position of the nostrils.
6. In the extension of the opercula beyond the origin of the pectorals,
and in the rounded upper outline of the pectorals.
7. In the much greater number of dorsal rays.
8. In the more advanced position of the rudimentary ventrals, which
are situated in Benthodesmus under the base of the pectorals, in Lepidopus
under their tips.
9. In the presence of a single small postanal scute, in place of the
two larger ones in Lepidopus. ■
10. In the characteristic arrangement of the gill-rakers.
Benthodesmus elongatus (Clarke) Goode and Bean.
Extreme length of type (No. 2011()), 896 millimeters (35^^ inches).
Body attenuate, its height at the vent contained four times in length
of head, its width being about one-third of its height at the point men-
tioned. Length of caudal peduncle half of greatest height of body.
Least height of tail one-third width of iuterorbital area.
Length of head contained 7J times in length of body, its greatest
width one-sixth of its length; its greatest height nearly one-fourth of
its length ; width of interorbital area (on the bone) one-fourth of the
height of the head. Length of snout contained 2i times in length of
head. Uj)per jaw not reaching to vertical from anterior margin of eye,
and equal in length to the postorbital portion of head. Lower jaw in
length equal to about twice the greatest height of body. Mandibular
tip nearly one-tbird as long as the diameter of the eye. Eye slightly
postmedian in location, the orbital diameter equal to half the length of
the snout.
Besides the three long teeth, there are on each intermaxillary 8 or
9 of moderate size 5 on one side many small intermediate teeth are pres-
ent. The number of teeth in the lower jaw varies from 13 on the one
side to 21 on the other.
The first branchial arch has 13 giU -rakers, the longest of which meas-
382 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
ures about 2 millimeters. The second arch has about the same number,
while on the l^ird there are but 6 or 7, very small, and i^resent only in
the angles, while in the fourth there are about the same number, very
inconspicuous.
The dorsal fin originates above the middle of the operculum, and at
a distance from the snout equal to twice the length of the snout.
The anal fin is composed of about 100 spines and rays. Owing to
the mutilation of the specimen it is impossible to determine how rdany
there are of each, but there are supposed to be about 28 rays normally
united by a membrane into a fin.
The caudal is also imperfect, but the middle rays are seen to be about
half as long as the remnants of the external rays. The fin is supposed
to resemble in shape that of Lepidopus Gaudatus.
The pectoral originates under the tip of the opercular flap. Its out-
line is rounded above instead of emarginate, as in Lq)idopMS caudatus.
Its longest ray equals in length the postorbital part of the head.
The ventrals originate at a distance from the snout equal to that of
the base of the pectorals from the same point. They are rudimentary
and represented by minute scutes, the length of which is 3J millimeters
in the specimen before us, and about equal to half the interorbital width.
Branchiostegals 7 ; D. 154; A. 100; P. 12; V.I.
Csecal appendages 8 in the specimen examined. Some, however, may
have been lost, the abdominal viscera having been partly digested by the
halibut, in the stomach of which it was found.
Color : Uniform silvery, with traces of dark color upon head and tail.
Measurements.
Taken by Capt. Eoderick Morrison (schooner Laura Nelson), from the stomach of a
halibut.
Current number of specimen, 29116.
Locality, western edge of Grand Bank, 80 fathoms.
Millimeters.
Extreme length 896 = (35^ inches.)
Length to origin of middle caudal rays 878
Body:
Greatest height 33
Greatest width 13
Height at ventrals 33
Height at anus 30
Least height of tail 2
Length of caudal peduncle 16
Head :
Greatest length 116
Greatest width 20
Width of interorbital area (on the bone) 6
Length of snout 47
Length of upper jaw 42
Length of mandible 69
Length of mandibulary tip 6
Distauco from snout to orbit... - 47
Diameter of eye 22
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 383
Dorsal (sinnous) :
Distance from snout - 94
Length of longest ray 20
Length of last ray 7
Anal:
Distance from snout 350
Length of longest ray 9
Caudal :
Length of micldle rays - 8
Length of external rays Ins-
pectoral :
Distance from snout 110
Length 42
Ventral :
Distance from snout Ill
Length 3|
Branchiostegals VII
Dorsal 154
Anal, about 100
Pectoral 12
Ventral 1,1
Number of cfecal appendages 8(?)
U. S. National Museum, Washingion, D. C, Dec. 30, 1881.
DESCKIPTIOIV OF A IVEW SPECIES OF POMAUASYS FROm ItlAZAT-
liArV, ^VITH A KEY TO THE SPECIES BtlVOWlV TO IIVHABIT THE
PACIFIC COASTS OF TROPICAL, AmERICA.
By DAVID S. JORDAN and CHARL£S H. OILBERT.
Pomadasys caesius ap. nov.
Allied to P. pacijici [Gthr.).
Head, 3^ in length (3| with candal); depth, 2^ (2^ with caudal).
Length (28158), 9f inches; D. XII, IG; A. Ill, 9; scales, 6-52-13.
Body ovate, compressed, the back rather strongly arched; anterior
profile rather steep and straightish, gibbous between eyes and also
behind them, slightly depressed above eyes and at the nape. Ventral
outline considerably arched. Caudal peduncle moderate, about half as
long as head, and somewhat longer than deep.
Head short and deep; deeper than long. Snout very short, blunt
and thick, about one-third length of head. Mouth very small, the max-
illary not quite reaching to the front of the eye, its length (from tip of
snout) 3| in head. Teeth cardiform, in broad bands, the outer series
enlarged, but smaller than in P. pacifici. Eye large, 3i in head, shorter
than snout, about one-fourth wider than the broad preorbital. Lips
thick. Chin with a median furrow and two jiores; lower jaw included.
Anterior nostril much larger than posterior. Preoi^ercle rather weakly
serrate, its upright limb somewhat concave. Gill-rakers short and
weak, about 10 on lower limb of arch.
Scales rather large, arranged as in related species, those above the
384 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
lateral line forming series parallel with the back, but iilaced so that the
cross rows are very oblique. Soft parts of vertical fins almost entirely
covered with small scales ; series of scales also on membrane of pec-
torals and veutrals. Scaly sheath of vertical fins well developed.
Dorsal fin low, rather deeply emarginate, its spines very strong, the
second spine slightly longer than the eye, and two-thirds the height of
the third, which is but little shorter than the fourth or longest, and about
two-fifths length of head ; soft rays more than two-thirds height of longest
spines. Caudal rather large, moderately forked, the upper lobe some-
' what the longest, about four-fifths length of head. Anal rather low, its
distal margin i)erfectly straight, vertical; second anal spine very robust,
half length of head, half longer than the thij?d spine, which is much
lower than the soft rays. Ventral fins 1^- in head, about reaching vent.
Pectoral fins long, subfalcate, a little longer than head, nearly or quite
reaching anal.
Color in life, grayish-silvery above, with yellowish tinge ', lower part
of sides with indistinct darker streaks, formed by clusters of dark i)oints
on the margins of the scales. A faint dark bar, most distinct in the
youngest specimens, extending from the region in front of the dorsal to,
or a little below, the base of pectorals. In .young specimens this bar is
as wide as the eye, growing narrower below, but in the adult it is
scarcely wider than the pupil. No trace of the black cross-bars seen in
P. dovii and in P. pacifici, nor of the dark spots seen in P. furtJiii, nor
of the lengthwise stripes of P. hilineatus and P. virginicus. Vertical fins
and pectorals dusky yellowish; distal half of ventrals and base of anal
blackish. Upper part of head dusky, especially between eyes. Lining
of opercle pale, with yellow patches in life. Peritoneum white.
This species is known from three specimens (2815cS, 29032, and 28333),
obtained in the harbor of Mazatlan. It was not seen at Panama.
The species of Pomadasys thus far known from the Pacific coast of
tropical America may be readily distinguished by the characters given
in the following table:
ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF POMADASYS FOUXD ON THE PACIFIC COASTS OF BIEXICO
AND CENTllAL AMERICA.
a. Anal fin short, its rays III, 7 to III, 10 ; dorsal fin deeply emarginate, its spines more
or less robust.
h. Anal spines strong, the second longer and mncli stronger than third,
c. Soft dorsal and anal -with series of scales extending on the rays; outer teeth in
upper jaw enlai'ged.
d. Body ovate; back elevated ; depth greater than length of head : outer teeth
moderately enlarged, pointed; lips thick.
• • (AXISOTIIEMUS* Gill.)
e. Scales above lateral line in oblique series, not parallel with the lateral line.
/. Scales rather small, 50 to 70 in a horizontal series.
* = Genytremus Gill = Paraconodon Bleeker.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 385
g. Color golden, witli about seven light blue horizontal stripes, each edged
above and below with paler; a dark band
downward, and one forward and downward
from nape ; pectoral longer than head ; second
anal and third dorsal spines snbequal, half
head Virginicus.*
gg. Color olivaceous; a jet black bar from anterior part of dorsal to below
middle of side ; base of pectoral, and membrane
of opercle black ; pectoral longer than head;
second anal and fourth dorsal spines about
equal, shorter than head DAViDSOxi.t
ggg. Color olivaceous, the adult nearly plain, the young with two black
longitudinal stripes ; fins blackish ; second
anal spine longer than fourth dorsal, about
half head BiLiXEATUS.t
ff. Scales large, about 7-34-12. Color grayish, each scale on upper anterior
part of body with a blackish sjiot ; fins more
or less dusky; ptctoral a little shorter than
head ; second anal spine robust, half length
of head, longer than fourth dorsal spine.
FURTHI.^
ee. Scales above lateral line in series parallel with the lateral line.
Ji. Dorsal spines rather low, the longest about half length of head ; sec-
ond anal sjiine half length of head,
i. Color plain grayish-silvery; a faint bar downward from nape ; pec-
toral longer than head, about reaching anal ;
dorsal spines stout and short, two-fifths length
of head ; eye but half wider than the broad
preorbital; dorsal rays, XII, 16 C^sius.
a. Color dusky grayish, with four irregular blackish cross-bauds,
which grow faint with age; pectorals ranch
shorter than head, not reaching tips of veu-
trals ; dorsal spines comparatively slender, half
length of head ; eye more than twice as wide
as the narrow preorbital; dorsal rays, XI, 14.
Pacifici.II
* Sparus virginicus L. Syst. Nat. x, 1, 281, 1758=:^ Anisotremus tamiatus Gill, Proc. Ac.
Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 107, etc. Habitat: West Indies; Caribbean Sea; Brazil; both
coasts of Mexico and Central America; Magdalena Bay {Steind.); Mazatlan (GiZft.);
Panama (G(H; Gilh.).
\Pristipoma davidsoni Steind. Ichthyol. Beitr. iii, 6, 1875. Habitat: Southern Cali-
fornia; Santa Catalina Island {Jordan .^Gilbert); San Diego {Steind.; Jor.cf Gilb.).
X Pristipoma bilineattim Cuv. &. Val. v, 271, 1830 := Pristipoma melanopterum C. &V. v,
1830, 273^ Genytremus interruptus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 256. Habitat:
Both coasts of Mexico and Central America ; West ludies; Peru; Brazil; San Diego
{Steiiid.); Magdalena Bay {Steind.); Cape San Lucas {Gill); Gulf of California {Lo^k-
ington); Panama {Steind.); Galapagos Islands {Steind.). Not obtained by Mr. Gilbert.
'^ Prisfqjoma fiirthi Steiudachner, Ichthyol. Beitr. v, 4, 1876. Habitat: Mazatlan
{Gilbert); Fannmii {Steind.; Gilb.).
WConodon pacifici Gilnther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864, 147. Habitat: Chiapam
{Gtlir.); Panama (<Sto'»(7. ; Gilb.).
Proc. Nat. Mus 81 25 April 10, 1882.
386 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
hh. Dorsal spines very liigli, the longest two-tbirds length of bead ;
second anal spine nearly two-thirds length of
head ; color grayish-silvery, with live jet black
cross-bands; pectorals much shorter than bead.
Dovii.*
dd. Body oblong, the depth less than the length of the head; oiiter teeth much
enlarged, blunt ; preopercle very sbarjily ser-
rate (CoNODON Cuvier.)
j. Color silvery, with eight dark cross-bands; snout not obtuse;
second anal and fourth dorsal spines strong,
half length of head; pectoral shorter than
head ; caudal lunate NOBiLis.t
eo. Soft dorsal and anal destitute of scales or very nearly so ; form oblong ; scales
above lateral line in series parallel with the
back.
k. Outer teeth in upper jaw slightly enlarged, acute.
(POMADASYS.t Lac.)
I, Dorsal spines 12 ; vertex convex ; preorbital broad. »
m. "Scales rather small (8-56-20) ; fourth dorsal spine 2f in
head ; second anal spine more than half head ;
pectorals not reaching vent ; snout produced ;
coloration uniform" Humilis.^
mm. Scales larger (6-48-14) ; longest dorsal spine nearly half
length of head, about equal to second anal
spine; pectorals long, about reaching vent;
snout sharp, protruding; color grayish, with
four faint dark cross-bands . . Macracanthus. U
II. Dorsal spines 13 ; vertex with a small but evident concave
depression; head low; preorbital narrow.
71. Dorsal spines very high, the highest more than half
length of head ; color grayish-silvery, nearly
plain Branicki.U
kk. Outer teeth in upper jaw not enlarged.
(PsEUDormsTiroMA Sanvage.)
0. Third dorsal spine produced, much longer than the
others, and about half length of head ; second
anal spine somewhat shorter ; protile convex ;
scales nearly smooth ; pectoral very long, nearly
* Pristipoma dovii Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864, 23. Habitat: Mazatlan
(Gilb.); Panama (Gf/ir. ; Gilb.).
t Perca nobilis Linn. Syst. Nat. x, 1, 291 = Conodon phtmim Gthr. i, 304, 18.")9 = Cono-
don plumieri Streets Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. vii, 50, 1877= Conodon antillanus C. & V. v,
156, 1830. Habitat : Coast of Texas, West Indies, to Brazil. Eecorded by Streets from
Boca Soledad, Pacific coast of Lower California ; not observed by other collectors.
t = Pristipoma Cuv. Si, Val.
^ Pristipoma hmnile Kner '& Steindachner, Sitzsber. Akad. Wiss. Miinch. 1863, 222.
Habitat : Rio Bayano, Panama {Kner cS~ Steind.) ; not seen by other collectors.
\\ Pristipoma macracanthum Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864, 146. Habitat: Mn-
zatlau {Steind. ; Gilb.); Punta Arenas (Gi7&.) ; Chiapam {Giinther); Panama (GJZZ>.).
H Pristipoma iranickii Steindachner, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wissen. Wein. xli,
28, 1879. Habitat: Tumbez {Steind.); Panama {Gilbert); Mazatlan {Gilbert).
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 387
as loug as head ; preopercle weakly serrate ;
color silvery; lower fins white; a distinet dark
blotch on operclc, and a fainter one on sides
below spinous dorsal Panamtcxsis. *
11). Anal spines weak, the second little, if any, longer or stronger than the third,
and both lower than the soft rays; bod j^ ob-
long, not elevated ; soft dorsal and anal rays
with series of scales ; scales above lateral line
in series parallel with the back ; color grayish,
with light and dark strij^es along the rows of
scales, these often obsciire.
(ILemulopsis Steiud.)
p. Pectoral fin long, nearly as long as head ; a black
blotch below in the axil, encroaching on the
lower rays of the lin ; preorbital broad, about
as wide as eye Axillaris. t
pj). Pectoral fin short, much shorter than head ; axil-
lary spot, if i)reseut, not encroaching on the
fin.
q. Preorbital narrow, not so wide as eye ; a round
dark humeral blotch ; anal spines very small,
graduated Nitidus.j;
qq. Preorbital very deep, wider than eye ; anal spines
not graduated Leuciscus.^
aa. Anal fin long and low, its rays III, 11 to III, 13 ; dorsal fin low, scarcely emar-
ginate, its spines slender; anal spines small,
graduated ; scales small, those above lateral
line in oblique series . .. (Ortiiopristis Gill.||)
r. Dorsal spines 12 ; soft parts of dorsal and anal
naked ; preorbital very deep, as deep as eye ;
scales small, about 8-G0-15.
s. Body oblong-ovate, the depth considerably
more than oue-third length ; profile from nape,
straight or slightl j^ concave ; pectorals long, :jf
in body; body brownish above, with faint dark
cross-bauds and oblique pale streaks.
Chalceus.H
*Pristipoma panamense Steindachner, Ichthyol. Beitr. iii, 8, 1875. Habitat; Mazat-
lan(Gi?&.); Panama (Sfein^.; Gilb.).
i Pristipoma axillare Steindachner, Ichth. Notiz. viii, 7, 1869. Habitat: Mazatlan
(Steind.; Gilbert).
tPristipoma nitidum Steindachner, Ichthyol. Notiz. viii, 5, 1869. Habitat: Ma-
zatlan {Steind. ; Gilb.); Panama (G)7Z).).
^ Pristijyoma Jeuciscus Gunther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864, 147. Habitat: Lower
California (Streets); Mazatlan (Gilbert); San JostS (Gthr.), Chiapam (Gthr.), Pan-
ama (Gihr. ). Two of our Mazatlan specimens of this species agree with Dr. Gilnther's
description and figure, in having the anal spines rather large, the second larger than
third, 2f in length of head ; the remaining specimens from Mazatlan and Panama are
slenderer, with more pointed snout and deeper suborbital, the anal spines being quite
small, the second 3f to 4 in head. These perhaps represent a different species or
variety, but we are not prepared to give it a separate name.
II = Microlepidotus Gill = Pristocantharus Gill.
TPristipoma chalcenm Gthr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864, 14(f = Pristipom a Jcneri
Steind. Ichth. Notiz. viii, 1869, 3. Habitat : Mazatlan (Steind. ; Gilb. ) ; Panama (Gthr.;
Gilb.).
(5(5 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
S8. Form oblong-elliptical, the depth less than
one-third length ; profile slightly convex ; pec-
toral short, 4^ in body ; sides with longitudinal
dark streaks C antharinus. *
rr. Dorsal spines 13 (or 14) ; soft parts of dorsal
and anal scaly ; preorbital very narrow, its
width much less than diameter of eye ; pec-
toral long, as long as head, 3| in body ; scales
very small ; color grayish, with narrow oblique
dark streaks iNORXAXUS.t
Indiana University, January 3, 1882.
THE KAPID PBE:PARATI0IV of JLARQE iTIlTOIiOaiCAr. SPECIiniflVS.
By M. FEUX PI.ATEAU,
Professeur d, V Universite de Gand.
(Uead before the ''Association Frangaise pour I'avancement des Sciences," Congr^s de
Eeims, 1880. Stance du 13 Aoilt, IdSO.)
[Translated by H. C. Yarrow, M. D., for the Smithsonian Institution, Washington.]
The laboratory of comparative anatomy of the Uuiversity of Gand is
of restricted dimensions. Its surronndings, sufficient for elementary
j)ractical teaching, are very modest, but, happilj', material for study is
not wanting, thanks, above all, to the administration of the Zoological
Garden of Antwerp, one of the richest of the continent, which gener-
ously donates to us its losses and carries the obligation still farther in
sending to ns the bodies of animals by express. It is thus that during
the academical years of 1879 and 1880 we have had at our disposal a
series of very rare monkeys, a kangaroo, a cheetah or hunting leopard,
a young American ostrich, the principal viscera of an adult African
elephant, and other interesting specimens.
With the assistance of a single helper I have been able to utilize all
these objects and rapidly i)repare, during the few hours which my other
duties leave me, a great luiinber of permanent anatomical i)reparations
to enrich our museum, which is already comparatively comi)lete.|: Our
* Pristipoma cantharinum Jenyns, Zool. Voy. Beagle, Fishes, 49, 1842. Habitat: Guay-
mas {Lieut. Nichols) ; Galapagos Islands {Jenyns ; Gthr.).
\ Microlepidotus inornatus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 256 = Fristijwtna
hrevipinne Steind. Ichthyol. Notiz. viii, 1869, 10 =^"1. Pristipoma notatnm Peters, Ber-
lin. Monatsber. 1869, 706. Habitat: Capo San Lucas {Gill); Mazatlan {Steind.;
Peters). Not obtained by Mr. Gilbert.
tThe collections at Gand actually contain more than 3,000 preparations belonging
properly to comparative anatomy, and more than 1,600 specimens arc preserved in
alcohol.
f
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 389
collections being relatively poor in preparations of the muscular system,
I liave above fill endeavored to fill this want. We have, indeed, made
many preparations of the entire muscular system of animals of medium
size.
As the solution of this problem, i. e., how to make rapidly and at a
trifling cost, in a laboratory of second rank, large permanent myological
preparations might interest professors of comparative anatomy and
zoology, I have thought it best to briefly relate the method which I
have employed.
Having a horror of dried and varnished preparations, I have en-
deavored to prepare muscular specimens with phenolized glycerine,
easily handled, and which could constantly serve for demonstration.
With us the muscles are red, the tendons white; in a word the un-
initiated would believe that they saw the fresh muscle.*
In order that I may be well understood I will give a resume of the
easy operations to which we have subjected a very large monkey, the
Cynoceplialus sphinx, in order to prepare the whole of its muscular
system.
The animal being skinned, "care being taken of the superficial muscles
or muscles of the skin, the abdomen having been split longitudinally
and the viscera removed, it was first of all necessary to preserve this
specimen from decomposition, and to employ a process which would
permit us to dissect all the muscles at our pleasure.
It is impossible to use alcohol for animals of this size ; the body is
simply plunged into a saturated solution of the alum of commerce.
The muscles in a short time are capable of being indefinitely preserved,
and all the conjunctive elements, aponeuroses, tendons, sheathes of the
nerves, &c., acquire a firm consistence and become very white.
Whenever the specimen is required for dissection it is taken from its
bath, and when the work is over it is replaced.
We have thus been able to dissect at our leisure all the muscles of the
Cynocephalus, continuing the labor for at least ten days.
Having finished the dissection, it becomes necessary to impart to the
muscles their original color. It is in this operation that I employ, and
always successfully, the process which I have exemplified since 1874,
and which is based on the property that carmine presents, viz, in form-
ing when in the presence of alum an insoluble red laquer.t
The animal having been dissected and taken out of the bath, is
plunged in jjure water for twenty-four hours ; this is done in order to
get rid of the excess of alum.
* Our scholars are generally deceived up to the very moiueut when we explain to
them the mode of preparation.
tNote on a process for giving or imparting the red color to muscles preserved in
alcohol. — {Bulletin de I'Academie Roijale de Bclgiqm, 2^' se'rie, tome XXXVIII, Xos. 9 et
10, 1874.)
390 PE0CEEDING8 OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Pure powdered carmiue, a little chrome yellow, and liquor of ammonia
are the only substances necessary. The carmine is deposited on an
earthenware dish ; the ammonia is employed as water is by the water-
color painter, and traces of chrome yellow correct the tints which are
too purple. Finally, the white surface of the plate serves as a back-
ground on which the tints may be criticized.
The muscles of the specimen are painted with the aid of an ammo-
niacal solution of carmine, taking the precaution not to cover the ten-
dons or bones, and in general those parts which should remain white.
In fact, these parts are protected by wrapi)ing them separately in strips
of tolerably thick paper.
It is unnecessary for me to recall the fact that carmine tints the mus-
cles and penetrates them to a certain depth.
This operation finished, it is next in order to fix the tint. For this
purpose the specimen is simply rejilaced in the bath of alum. An in-
soluble red laquer is formed, constituting two coats, the one superficial
and pulverulent (this comes from the bottom of the hquid), the other
penetrating much deeper into the muscular tissue itself and remaining
fixed in the tissue.
From this time forth the carmine is fixed and the muscles are red,
having the appearance of fresh flesh, and may be handled for an in-
definite period without soiling the fingers of the operator with their
coloring matter. Specimens which we thus i^repared in 1872, have been
used every year in the comparative anatomy course, and have lost noth-
ing of their value.
The next step is the employment of glycerine. The specimen is
plunged into a bath of phenolized glycerine, but, as the alum has al-
ready rendered the sj)ecimen proof against decomposition, a long macer-
ation is unnecessary, eight days being a sufiicient length of time.
Finally, to place the specimen in a definite condition. It is well known
how annoying ordinary preparations are in which glycerine has been
used, it being necessary to let them drain for several months. Here we
have employed a more expeditious method. After having allowed the
specimen to drain for some hours, we wrap the members of the animal
and the trunk, in fact the entire body, in a covering of white filtering
paper, then in many coverings of ordinary gray paper, around the whole
of which twine is wound.
One week after, the paper, which has absorbed all the glycerine in
excess, is taken off, the abdomen is filled with packing, the body is sewn
up, the muscles are restored to their proper position, and the specimen
is finished.
Thanks, probably to the alum, the tendons are white and not yellow-
ish, as preparations are when made by ordinary processes. The muscles
are never found to be glued together.
To state it briefly, the metliod is composed of the following opera-
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 391
tions: 1st, maceration in alum during the dissection; 2d, washing in
pure water ; 3d, tinting with carmine ; 4th, the tixing of the carmine by
alum; 5th, maceration in iihenolized glycerine; 6th, getting rid of the
excess of glycerine by compression between pieces of absorbent paper.
This is the whole of the process which is warranted by known facts;
it is quite inexpensive, simj)le, and expeditious.
As an exami^le of the rapidity of execution I will cite the following
fact : On May 23, of this year, an adult African elephant died in the
Zoological Garden of Antwerp. One month after that event we dis-
I)layed, in one of the exhibition cases of the National Exj)osition of
Brussels the enormous heart of this animal prepared by the above-
detailed method.
OIV TBIE CIIIIVIVOOK IVAMES OF THE SAI.MON IIV THE COIiUIMBIA
RIVElt.
By SII.AS B. SMITH.
[KoTE. — The following notes were contributed by Mr. Silas B. Smith,
a lawyer, at Skipanovv, Wash., and a half-breed Chinnook, in answer to
questions asked by Mr. Charles J. Smith, of Brookfleld, Wash. As the
Chinnook names have a considerable place in our Salmon literature, it
seems very desirable to place the facts given by Mr. Smith on record.
I give the present accepted names of the different species in foot-
notes.— D. S. J.]
The Chinnook names for the different varieties, following the order
given by you, are as follows :
1st. Chinnook Salmon,* '■^ E-quinna^'' (accent second syllable and give
the '-'a" the broad sound).
2d. Blue-back,t '■^ Oo-chooy-lia^'' (accent first syllable and give the
broad sound to "a").
3d. Silver-side,| ^^ 0-o-wun^^ (accent first syllable). Your next is
"Dog Salmon (red)." My mother and all the other Indians I have
spoken to on the matter, and some of the whites, maintain that the
red-skinned salmon with hooked nose or beak is nothing more or less
than the male silver-side, having turned red after inhabiting fresh water,
and his nose assuming that shape upon its becoming poor.
* OncorhynClms cTioaic/ia (Walb.) J. & G. TMs word "E-quinna" is evidently the
" quinnat" of Richardsou.
t Oncorhynchus nerka (Walb.) G. & J.
t Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walb.) J. & G.
392 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
They say tliat there is another species of Salmon that comes in the
fall, having transverse dark spots, large teeth, and nose largely curved,
but it does not turn red or but little at most. I will give the name and
consider it in place of the "Dog Salmon."
4th. Spotted Fall Salmon,* " 0-le-arah^^ (accent on first syllable).
5th. Steel-head, t '■^ Quannesho^^ (accent last syllable).
I have been unable to give the right sound in English to the last
syllable of the last name. The above is as near as I can make it.
There is another salmon which you did not mention. It comes in the
last of the summer run ; it is as large if not larger than the spring sal-
mon, but of a darker color and not so fat.
It will make number —
6th.| ^^m-ul-ba" (accent first syllable).
REmiARKS UPON THE OSTEOIiOOlT OF OPHKOSA^UKUS VEIVTRAIilA.
By Dr. K. TT. SHUFEI^DTT, V. S. A.
(Read before the Biological Society of Washington, D. C, December 23, 1881.)
Guided, to a great extent, by external characters, modern herpetolo-
gists, in the arrangement of our American rej) tiles, have assigned this
lizard to the genus OjjJteosaurus, of the family Anguidce, of the suborder
IHploglossa. This arrangement brings it very near the genus Gerrlionotus^
a lizard with which I have osteologically compared it. The external
characters are referred ])rincipally to the form and disposition of the
scales, the presence in Gerrhonotus of a ventral line, and the i^osition of
the external ear.
Oj)lieosaurus ventralis inhabits the entire Austroriparian region, Ten-
nessee, Kansas, and several of the Middle States. It is found lurking
in the woods in damp places, frequently burrowing under ground, and
is at all times a gentle and harmless lizard. We all know that in com-
mon parlance Opheosaurus has been termed the Glass Snake, from the
fact that when a moderate blow is delivered it, it usuallj" i^arts with a por-
tion of its tail, the fracture sometimes taking place at one or more
points. These ruptures, and they always occur from violence, are in-
variably postanal, and the part lost is susceptible of reproduction from
the locality at which the fracture took place in the lizard's body. Inter-
esting as this part of the natural history of our subject is, it does not
rightfully come within the limits of a paper devoted to its osteology,
* Oncorhynchus Tceta (Walb.) G. & J.
t Salmo gairdruTi Rich.
± Oncorhynchus chouicha (Walb.) J. & G. (Fall run: "Ekcwan" of Richardson.)
PEOCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 393
and I will be obliged to dismiss this cliaracteristic in Opheosaurus here
by simply calling the attention of the student to the fact that, as far as
my studies have carried me, it appears that true caudal vertebrae are
never reproduced in the new tail, be it only a portion or the entire ap-
pendage is lost, but iu their place we have substituted a series of semi-
osseous uodules, that eventually form the bony core to the new part.
The opportunity has not been afforded me to enter very extensively
into the occurrence of bone in the exoskeleton of this lizard, but Pro-
fessor Owen tells us (Anat. of Verts., vol. i, p. 555) that "bone is devel-
oped at the base of the scale, forming part thereof, or combining scute
and scale, in Ophisaurus, Tribolonotus, and TrachysaurusJ^ We may add
to this that there certainly seems to be more or less bone tissue, be it
semi-osseous or otherwise, in the tough and brittle plates that overlie
the true skull, superiorly. It requires but a very superficial examina-
tion of the skull of this snake-like lizard to satisfy the zootoniist that
he has before him a creature that, so far as this part of its bony frame-
work is concerned, at least, makes a very near approach to the typical
Lacertilian, an indication that is more than likely to be carried out in
other parts of its anatomy.
We find the occipital condyle to be uniform in outline, being notched
above, with its long axis placed transversely; it stands out quite jirom-
inently from the lower margin of the elliptical foramen magnum, which
in turn has its long or major axis parallel with the axis of the condyle;
prominent though this latter may be, it cannot be said to be peduncu-
lated, but really is sessile, its prominence being greatly due to the seg-
ments that sui)port it. The part that the basi- and exoccipitals took in
its formation is plainly indicated even in the adult by delicate little
furrows that mark the boundaries of the original segments.
This condition of the condyle obtains in many of our American
lizards, notably in Gerrhonotus and in Sceloportis and kindred forms
among the Iguanidcv. Substantial protection is afforded the brain be-
low by the perfect union that has taken place among the bones of the
basis cranii, the basisphenoid, basioccipital with the exoccipitals, which
latter support tuberous and outstanding paroccipitals/ On the other
hand, the anterior wall of the brain-case depends solely in the living
animal upon thin membranous partions for the defense of the encephe-
lon, the representatives of the ali- and orbitosphenoids. This open
space in the articulated cranium is bounded below by the basisphenoid
and laterally by the parotic on either side. Above we again find the
brain completely guarded by osseous plates, which here are the united
parietals, that in turn become indistinguishably amalgamated with the
large superoccipital. Mesiad, the united parietals anchylos with the
parotics of the brain-case, while anteriorly these bones articulate sutur-
ally with the hinder borders of the frontals ; no parietal foramen ever
existing at this point as found in some lizards. Laterally, each parietal
is extended backwards iu a diverging limb, that on either side articu-
394 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
lates tliroaghoiit its entire margin with the squamosal overlapping the
latter at its termination and abutting against the lateral j)rocess of the
occipital. In their course these wings of the parietals bend down-
wards by a gentle curve, which is more abrupt in the shorter skull of
Gerrhonottis.
The interfrontal suture is persistent, and these bones form the mid-
plates at the top of the skull; taken together the plate is narrower
behind than it is in front, where it meets the nasals, while on either
side it articulates with the lacrymal and postfrontal 5 a limited portion
of this margin being free, it enters into the formation of the superior
moiety of the periphery of the orbit. In onr HolbrooMa maculata among
the Iguanidce we find this interorbital portion of the frontal plate
crowded to a mere osseous aid median line by the immense orbits.
The nasals have united medially just as the froutals have, and they, be-
ing now anteorbital, are allowed to curve downwards on either side to
meet the maxillaries, while anteriorly they form the upper and posterior
margin of either nostril, and receive between them in the middle line
the posterior process or nasal process of the premaxillary. This latter
bone forms the rounded anterior end of the skull; it also completes
the nostril in front and below, this subcircular aperture having its
border or periphery eventually made entire by the assistance of the
maxillary on either side, it filling in the lower and. posterior part. This
portion of the skull is formed in a like manner in Eumeces, but in this
genus the termination of the cranium anteriorly is more acute, being
blunter and broader in GerrJionotus scincicaudus. *We will complete
this view of the cranium by calling attention to the longitudinal fora-
men that exists anteriorly between the squamosal and parietal on either
side.
The lateral aspect of the skull (Fig. 1) presents for examination
quite a number of interesting points.
We have, posteriorly, a free os quadratiim
that stands as a protecting pillar at the
portals of the auditory meatus. This
bone has a quadrilateral outline in front,
nearly flat, while behind it is deeply con-
cave throughout its length, and supports
'^'•^' ' below an oblong facet, placed transversely
for a similar shaped articulating surface on the lower maxilla. Above
it is very much expanded, antero-posteriorly, the hinder part of which
surface is occupied by the end of the squamosal. This form of the os
quadratum (0. ^., Fig. 1) obtains in GerrJionotus und Uumeces, and in fact
seems to be but slightly departed from by the vast majority of our lizards.
Between the anterior boundary of the os quadratum and the posterior
boundary of the orbit, and the arching squamosal above that meets both
points, there is exposed to view in the skull of this lizard, and, I believe,
in all of its congeners, through an open space here existing, the delicate
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 395
little columella (cL, Fig-. 1), that has its superior end abutting against
the under surface of the parietal, while its lower rests in a circular socket
intended for it, on the upper surface of the middle of the pterygoid. Its
lower articulation is anterior to its upper, i. e., the bone leans backwards.
In all of the American lizards that I have examined this bonelet is
constant, and Professor Huxley tells us in his Anatomy of Vertebrated
Animals, page 219, that "In the principal group of the Lacertilia, a
column-like membrane bone, called the columella (but which is not to
be, by any means, confounded with the stapes, to which the same name
is often applied in reptiles), extends from the parietal to the pterygoid
on each side, in close contact with the membranous or cartilaginous wall
of the skull. Hence they have been, called '■'•Kionocrania'''' or "column
skulls."
Through this open space we also have lateral views of the pterygoids
and the basisphenoid with the parotic and pro-otic bones above and
immovablj^ articulated with the latter. There seems to be a small sepa-
rate ossification wedged in between the squamosal and parietal behind,
articulating with the exoccipital and os quadratum, that seems to corre-
spond with Professor Huxley's pterotic. In the dried skull it is not
movable.
The orbit is bounded by three bones: above by the frontal, as already
described; anteriorly .by the lacrymal, that articulates with the jugal by
a descending process, anteriorly with the maxillary, nasal, and frontal;
while the posffrontal and jugal bound its posterior „,
moiety, the former bone articulating above with
the frontal and parietal, below and posteriorly with " ^
the jugal and scjuamosal, and the latter, the jugal, ^ smii i^\ ^-
by its anterior i)rocess with the lacrymal, by its
posterior with the postfrontal and squamosal ; thus
we see that the orbital perij^hery is complete. The
skull is completed laterally by the maxillary ; this ir'
bone bears teeth in its alveolar process below, articu-
lating with the bones that go to form the roof of the
mouth internally, while, upon the aspect of tlie
skull we now have under consideration, it articu- j^c^z^
lates behind with the lacrymal and jugal, above with the nasal, ante-
riorly with the premaxillary.
The prefrontal fulfills its customary function in constituting- in part
an osseous septum narium, meeting the ordinary segments as they are
arranged in the Laccrtilian -skull.
Passing to the base of the cranium (Fig. 2), we find the basisphenoid
giving off, near its anterior termination, or the base of the rostrum in
some vertebrates, on either hand, well-developed ptcrapophyslal pro-
cesses that have dilated extremities to articulate with longitudinally-
elongated facets upon the pterygoids. These latter bones form one of
the principal features of the basis crauii ; they extend backwards, con-
396 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
verging outwards from the points where they articulate with the pro-
cesses of the sphenoid, to articulate by movable joints at the anterior
and lower angles of the quadrate bones ; anteriorly they develop hori-
zontal plates that articulate in front with the palatines, laterally by a
process that, on either side, meets the os transversum. Their upper
surfaces form the greater part of the floor of the orbit, while on their
under surfaces they present for examination on either bone a longi-
tudinal row of minute conical teeth, the row being double behind and
jjroduced anteriorly so that a few of them are found upon the pala-
tines beyond. The i)alatines complete the roof of the mouth distally,
leaving between them quite an extensive palatine Assure that ceases
when it meets the vomer where that bone dips down to lend its aid in
establishing the septum narium. A palatine starting from the oblique
pterygoidal articulation proceeds forwards by a rather broad horizontal
plate that, as it comes opposite the maxillary, throws oif an external
and lateral process to meet that bone and close in the "nasal aperture"
behind; it then turns inwards to the commencement of the palatine fis-
sure, to proceed by a much broader plate that bounds the nasal aperture
internally, and only terminates by quite an extensive articulation with
the maxillary laterally, and with the premaxillary and vomer anteriorly,
curling outwards to complete the aforesaid nasal vacuities. On either
side an os transversum is found; this little bone is wedged in between
the maxillary and jugal on its outer side, while it articulates with a
process coming from the palatine on its inner, thus forming quite an
important element in comi^leting the floor of the orbit and the base of
the cranium.
The bones are arranged at the base of the cranium and roof of the
mouth, in nearly all lizards, so as to encircle and bound certain foramina
or vacuities; these have been described by Owen and named by that dis-
tinguished anatomist as, first, the " interpterygoidal vacuity," the largest
of all, a mesial, open, elliptical space in our subject bounded by the
pterygoids and palatines laterally, the basisphenoid behind, and con-
tinuous with the palatine fissure anteriorly ; the next, being parial, are
the "ptery go-maxillary" vacuities; these occur on either side, and are
bounded laterally by the maxillary and os transversum, internally by
the pterygoid and i)alatine ; while, finally, we have the "nasal apertures,"
bounded on their outer sides by the maxillaries, behind and internally
by the palatines. In Gerrhonotus, the skull being broader, these aper-
tures are consequently wider; otherwise the general arrangement of the
bones at the base of the skull is the same. In examining the eye, we
discover the sclerotals to be present, as they are in Aves. They are quad-
rate in outline, slightly overlapping each other, and number from eight-
een to twenty in the average number of specimens examined.
The rami of the lower maxilla are turned outwards, so that the alveola
processes are the most external ; this condition is so much increased
after we pass the coronoid bones that the sides of the jaw become nearly
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 397
horizontal. They terminate by qnadrate plates that tend to a]>proach
the median plane, these horizontal plates protruding in the articulated
skull back of the articular facets and the quadrate bones. Broadly
oblongf, and raised above the general level of the bone, the articular
facets look upwards and a little backwards and outwards. The coro-
noid bones are placed, one on either side, slightly posterior to the middle
point of the ramus; they project upwards and back-
wards as laterally-compressed processes that show ex-
ternally still fairly-developed traces of their original
sutures ; upon this aspect, also, we observe the irregular
sutural line, indicating the point of ending of the deutary
portion of the maxilla.
Each ramus is perfectly smooth beneath, being gently
convex from side to side, broadly so longitudinally.
The external curve about the symphysis is parabolic in
outline, the inner being sharply acute, and, passing back- j'i^J.
wards as the inferior ramal border, maintains a more or less parallel
position with the external or alveolar border. Anchylosis is never
thoroughlj^ established between the dentary elements at the symphysis,
this joint having an articulation very similar to the symphysis pubis
of anthropotomy, the interested bones coming apart upon very slight
provocation in the dried skeleton, showing each articular face to be
roughened for an araphiarthrosial joint.
In the specimens that I have examined, the teeth in the upper jaw
seem to invariably pass completely round the alveolar process, while in
the lower jaw a few always seem to be lacking on either side of the
symphysis; this is also the case in
Gerrhonotus, but not so in a specimen ^
of Eumeces sIHltonianus. These teeth
are of the pleurodont type; in other ^
words, they are anchylosed to an outer
alveolar i>late, as in many of the Iguani-
dw. Above their points of union to the V"
alveolar i^rocess they are conical in form,
pearly white, and glistening, being ar-
ranged in a row of some seventeen to
twenty in each ramus, the largest being
found in the middle and the smallest at either end. The
hyoidean arch seems to be largely cartilaginous in structure, though a
good deal of bone tissue does exist in it, particularly about the center.
In form it resembles the capital letter X, the upper limbs being directed
forwards and outwards, the hinder ones backwards and outwards; the
body of the hyoid occupying the intersection as an equilateral triangle,
with one of the angles placed anteriorly in the middle line, and from
which is produced a delicate "glosso-hyal"; the posterior limbs spring-
ing from its outer angles, and the anterior ones, apparently by articu-
398 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSHUM.
lation, from midpoint of its sides. GerrJionotus has a liyoidean arch
very similar to the one found in Opheosaurus.
In the largest and best specimen that was examined, there were found
147 vertebraj with a series of caudal nodules where a tail had been re-
placed ; there were 52 pairs of ribs, and this number was also found in
a smaller specimen. The atlas is characteristic of the usual Lacertilian
type, and a stumpy odontoid process 
