SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION ae a
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM cory.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOL Nr 90
gener:
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1942
ADVERTISEMENT
The scientific publications of the National Museum include two
series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin.
The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a
medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collec-
tions of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts
in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new
forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in
pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific
organizations and to specialists and others interested in the different
subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are
recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes.
The present volume is the ninetieth of this series.
The series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, con-
tains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoologi-
cal groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in
several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of
type specimens, special collections, and other material of similar
nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a
quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates
were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear vol-
urnes under the heading Contributions from the United States National
Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since
1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of
the Museum.
ALEXANDER WETMORE,
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
It
cs
CIRCULATING
GoPyv
CONTENTS
Pages
Basty, P. P. A new genus of psammocharid wasp from China.
NosgitOe. Octoberet, 1O4L* 226.22 ee 543-546
New genus: Sinotocyphus.
New species: Sinotocyphus chinensis.
Berry, Witiarp. Pamlico fossil echinoids. No. 3118. July
ioe Minott: Benno!) outunaimbonol, :avheun 3 443-445
CiarK, Austin H. Notes on some North and Middle American
danaid butterflies. No. 3118. November 4, 1941 !___-_____- 531-542
New species: Danaus candidus.
New subspecies: Danaus plexvippus tobagi, D. p. portoricensis.
Cuarke, J. F. Gates. Revision of the North American moths
of the family Oecophoridae, with descriptions of new genera
and species. No. 3107. November 6, 1941 ?_------------- 33-286
New genera: Martyrhilda, Bibarrambla, Apachea, Himmacia,
Mathildana, Carolana, Anoncia, Antequera.
New species: Agonopteriz arcuella, A. oregonensis, A. fuscitermi-
nella, A. cajonensis, A. thelmae, A. dimorphella, A. costimacuia,
A, antennariella, Martyrhilda sordidella, M. sphaeralceae, M.
hildaella, Semioscopis braunae, S. mcdunnoughi, Depressaria
atrostrigella, D. palouselia, D. eleanorae, D. whitmani, D. yaki-
mae, D. angustati, Psilocorsis caryae.
New variety: Agonopteriz rosaciliella echinopanicis.
New combinations: Bibarrambla allenelia (Walsingham), Apachea
barberella (Busck), Himmacia huachucella (Buseck), Inga hu-
mata (Meyrick), J. concolorella (Beutenmiiller), J. canariella
(Busck), I. trigama (Meyrick), I. cretacea (Zeller), I. obscuro-
maculella (Chambers), J. ciliella (Busck), Mathildana newma-
nella (Clemens), Carolana ascriptella (Busck), Anoncia episcia
(Walsingham), A. conia (Walsingham), A. fasciata (Walsing-
ham), A. orites (Walsingham), A. diveni (Heinrich), A. spha-
celina (Keifer), A. marinensis (Keifer), Antequera acertella,
(Busck).
Fisner, Waurer K. A new genus of sea stars (Plazaster) from
Japan, with a note on the genus Parasterina. No. 3114.
eine: Hs welo sige co ee eae ee ee 447-456
New genus: Plazaster.
Fowter, Henry W. New fishes of the family Callionymidae,
mostly Philippine, obtained by the United States Bureau of
Fisheries Steamer Albatross. No. 8106. April 8, 1941 +_____ 1-381
1 Date of publication.
IlI
IV PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
Pages
New subfamilies: Amorinae, Draculinae.
New genus: Dicallionymus.
New species: Callionymus umbrithoraw, C. scabriceps, C. bole-
ogenys, C. marisinensis, C. hudsoni, C. longi, C. brunneus, C.
punctilateralis, O. keeleyi, C. distethommatus, O. leucobranchi-
alis, Synchiropus pallidus, SV. grinnelii, Elewtherochir mecad-
deni.
Ganan, A. B. A revision of the chalcid-flies of the genus
Monodontomerus in the United States National Museum.
No. 416.” Aust lO, O41 22.2 oa eee ee 461-482
New species: Monodontomerus dianthidii, M. cubensis, M. viridi-
scapus, M. mexicanus, M. indiscretus, M. mandibularis, M. bakeri,
M. emarginatus, M. subobsoletus.
Giumore, CuArtes W. A history of the division of vertebrate
paleontology in the United States National Museum. No.
OUOO gc rUst LOM Sage dps ee eee ee 305-377
Greenr, Cuartes T. Two new species of cecidomyiid flies from
Phiow...No.3120, October 30, 19412 eae 547-551
New species : Hyperdiplosis phlox, Lestodiplosis maculipennis.
Henverson, K.P. (See under Preston, F, W.)_--.--------- 387-416
Humes, Arraur G. A new harpacticoid copepod from the gill
chambers of amarsh crab. No.3110. August 5, 19411____ 379-386
New species: Cancrincola plumipes.
Linton, Epwrn. Cestode parasites of teleost fishes of the
ee iat a ee enc 417-442
Preston, F. W., Henverson, FE. P., and Ranvoupu, James R.
The Chicora (Butler County, Pa.) meteorite. No. 3111.
June I7/ 1941 tol pk) web a nivart) aitogie Viana 387-416
RanpotPn, James R. (Sce under Preston, F. W.)---------- 387-416
STEJNEGER, LeonHArp. Notes on Mexican turtles of the genus
Kinosternon. .No..8115.,. July 25,1941 3-2-2 457-459
New subspecies: Kinosternon cruentatum consors.
Wesser, Ray T. Synopsis of the tachinid flies of the genus
Lachinomyia, with descriptions of new species. No. 3108.
Jung a0; 194 8 SNS ae eee ae a te 287-304
New species: T'achinomyia cana, T. acosta, T. nigricans, T. dako-
tensis.
Wermore, ALExANpeER. Notes on the birds of North Carolina.
No. 3117-°" October'si, 19412! 281 VA DAMA IG Gi TAP h 483-530
New subspecies: Dryobates borealis hylonomus.
1 Date of publication, :
10, 11.
12.
13.
14, 16.
15.
17.
18.
19.
20-38.
39-48.
49.
50.
i
to
&
ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
Following
. North American Oecophoridae, Cosmopterygidae, and [Kthmiidae:
ILateralkaspectiof headssa— 225s. se a
. North American Oecophoridae: Lateral aspect of heads__-------__-
. North American Oecophoridae, Cosmopterygidae, Blastobasidae, and
Heliodinidae: Lateral aspect, of hheads-——=+.-—-- =.= -..=-=+ 4
. North American Oecophoridae and Cosmopterygidae: Wings and
laterea aspectOrmneagss-si64 et sel eee
. North American Oecophoridae: Wing venation-_--_----------_---
. North American Oecophoridae and Blastobasidae: Wing venation_
. North American Oecophoridae, Cosmopterygidae, Ethmiidae, and
Heliodinidae: Wing venation =...
. North American Oecophoridae and Blastobasidae: Ventral aspect
Of male: genitaliae +--+ se ee
. North American Oecophoridae and Cosmopterygidae: Ventral aspect
of male genitaliai= 222) 2 oe ees ey ee
North American Oecophoridae: Ventral aspect of male genitalia_____
North American Oecophoridae, Ethmiidae, and Heliomidae: Ventral
aspect of male genitaliag..- 2+ =. 28 oe
North American Oecophoridae and Cosmopterygidae: Ventral aspect
ofmmealercenitialia oo. = oS ee
North American Oecophoridae: Ventral aspect of female gentalia__
North American Oecophoridae and Heliodinidae: Ventral aspect of
female jwenitalia.— . = 2. soa oe 2 nee te
North American Oecophoridae and Ethmiidae: Ventral aspect of fe-
male: genitalia and abdominal spines= =. 2.
North American Oecophoridae and Cosmopterygidae: Ventral aspect
Ofstemale;centiahige 0. eee ee ee a ee ee eee eee
North American Oecophoridae, Cosmopterygidae, and Blastobasidae :
Ventralvaspect of femalervenitanideeens =. se Se ee ee
North American Oecophoridae: Ventral aspect of male genitalia____
North American Oecophoridae: Ventral aspect of female genitalia__
Main exhibition hall for fossil vertebrates, U. S. National Museum:
Diagonal. view fromthe southeastiwe2 Wot ou aot s_ eee
Main exhibition hall for fossil vertebrates, U. S. National Museum:
View.-from: ‘the:-west, second floor: 22.00% WOH sno ied Sere
. General view of the vertebrate paleontology laboratory, U. S. Na-
tional Museum =< ORT E 2 AOA WIE eee ES | Bae
. View of storage room for reserve or study collections of fossil ver-
tebrates,.-U.-S:. National. Museum: Sook 97a Osa _eeeO Re
. Storage cases and cupboards for vertebrate collections, showing utili-
zation of corridor, U. S. National Museum_____~-----------_-_--_-
. The two individuals of the Chicora meteorite fall______________-__-
. Map of terrain covered by witnesses of the Chicora meteorite fall___
Vv
page
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
320
320
320
330
330
590
390
Wa
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
Following
page
56. Map showing observations, in three dimensions, of the Chicora
meteorite falls 5 =. SSS ee eee er ee ee fa 3890
57. The appearance of the smoke cloud as seen from the west at an
infinite distance” (Chicora meteorite) See 2a2 sae eee 394
58. Drawing illustrating the absorption of kinetic energy of the meteorite
by. the. air dChicora: meteorite) == sees ee a eee es 394
59. Fragment of the banded olivine chondrule and the fibrous upper half
of the field contains a fragment of a pyroxene chondrule (Chicora
MECCOLILE) Se oe a A i ee es See eee 410
60. Cestodes from fishes: Caryophyllaeus terebrans (Linton); Ligula
sp.; Spathebothrium simplex Linton; Bothrimonus intermedius
Cooper; Bothriocephalus scorpii (Miiller)
61. Cestodes from fishes: Bothriocephalus scorpti (Miiller) ; B. claviceps
(Goeze) ; B. sp.; Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi)——_----__- 442
62. Cestodes from fishes: Abothrium rugosum (Batsch); Ancistro-
cephalus aluterae (Linton) ; Bothriocephalus sp.; Proteocephalus
macrocephalus (Creplin) ; Corallobothrium fimbriatum Essex__-_- 442
63,645 Encope micheliniwin AgvassiZies= oe 2 ake ewes een eee eee ee ee 445
65. Encope michelini L. Agassiz and Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske) 445
662" Plazaster0Orealis CU Chi a) ee eee ee ee eee ere 456
67. Labidiaster annulatus Sladen; L. radiosus Liitken________________~- 456
68. Plazaster borealis (Uchida) : Abactinal and laterai surfaces of five
rays‘and aboutvhalfof Giskes=22 == wees ee ee sae 456
69. Plazaster borealis (Uchida) : Actinal surface of three rays and part
OP ISK eRe ee aE ee ee ee ee eee 456
70. Patiria granifera Gray ; Nepanthia crassa (Gray) -~---------------- 456
71. Danaus plexippus plevippus, male; D. p. megalippe, male; D. p.
tovaggt; new! Species; small essa silk = rs Sea ee eee ee ee 536
72. Danaus candidus, new species, male; D. plexippus portoricensis,
DEW: ISUDSPCCIES; \ Triste yeas eee Ee a Le ae ee a noe eet 536
73. Danaus jamaicensis, male; D. berenice berenice, male; D. b. strigosa,
WN ea ae Eh aS OE LS ie aa AEE ae EE ree ro CE 536
74. Danaus eresimus, female; D. cleothera, male__------------------- 536
TEXT FIGURES
Page
1. Callionymus wmbrithoraa, new species: Type------------------------
2. Callionymus scabriceps, new species: Type_------------------------- 5
3. Callionymus boleogenys, new species: Type_------------------------- 6
4. Callionymus marisinensis, new species: Type__—------+-------------- 8
5. Callionymus hudsont, new species: Type_---------------=----+------ 9
6. Callionymus longi, new species: Type--_----___-------~------+-+----- 10
7. Callionymus brunneus, new species: Type------------~--+----------- 12
8. Callionymus punctilateralis, new species: Type----~-—--------------- 14
9. Callionymus keeleyi, new species: Type--_..----==- —---4-_+--------- 15
10. Callionymus schaapii Bleeker---+-~-~---.2.-2---- 245 --- sss s-- 17
11. Callionymus distethommatus, new species: 'Type_-----------~-------- 17
12. Callionymus leucobranchialis, new species: Type, male___---__-___-~-~ 20
13. Callionymus leucobranchialis, new species: Paratype, female_________- 20
14, Synchiropus pallidus, new species: Type-----------~--~--------------- 23
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21,
22,
23.
24.
ILLUSTRATIONS
Vit
Following
Synchiropus grinnelli, new species: Type--__---_-__--..---____~-_.-~-
Hleutherochir mccaddeni, new species: Type----------____-_____-__-
Tachinomyia characters: Lateral aspects of anal forceps of male
genitalia (several species) ; hind tibia of 7. apicata; apex of abdomen
with drawn genitalia showing formation of fourth and fifth sternites
in lateroventral aspect of JT. apicata and T. variata_-______----____
Cancrincola plumipes) Dew SPCCies ===. as sas ae eee ona
Sketch of clouds and explosion as noted from “north side” Pittsburgh
(Chicorapmeteorite) 5-3 =e ese es a es ee eee
Nepanthia crassa (Gray): Abactinal plates near base of ray________-
Nepanthia crassa (Gray): 6 lateral plates of third and fourth series
above superomarginals near base of ray, to show pedicellariae______
Nepanthia variabilis Clark: A plate from lateral area near base of ray
COUSHOW FDEOICC] IAI ae se Be oe Sue Ee rE Da a
Sinotocyphuschinensis: new Speclese=— 22 Ue Bae ee eee
Two new flies reared from Phlox: Hyperdiplosis phloxz; Lestodiplosis
MACULUDCNINA Sas ee a ee eS eee ee
page
25
296
383
392
453
549
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 90 Washington : 1941 No. 3106
NEW FISHES OF THE FAMILY CALLIONYMIDAE, MOSTLY
PHILIPPINE, OBTAINED BY THE UNITED STATES BU-
REAU OF FISHERIES STEAMER “ALBATROSS”
By Henry W. Fow er
In my stuptEs of the Indo-Pacific fishes of the family Callionymidae,
with special reference to those of the Philippines, I found a number of
interesting new species in the collections of the United States National
Museum. These are described and figured herein, with the same
methods employed as in an earlier paper.!. Each figure is drawn in
lateral view, with an insert showing a dorsal view of the head and
predorsal region and a ventral view showing the under surface of the
head, together with the chest and breast. The head is measured to
the gill opening.
ANALYSIS OF GENERA
a, Two distinct dorsal fins.
b!, CALLIONYMINAE. No supraorbital tentacle; body smooth.
c!, Lateral line single.
d', Gill opening superior, above opercle; ventral without free ray.
el, Ventral with last membrane connected to middle of base of pectoral.
f!. Gill opening exposed, superior on neck; opercular membrane not
free posteriorly.
gubLateralilineisimplen sats esto bell ee eo Callionymus
qaulateraliline jointed te aise ta tay eee e Paracallionymus
f?. Gill opening above or hidden by opercle; opercular membrane
forms) inee flap) posterionly2u2 ees He. ee Synchiropus
e?. Ventral with last membrane not united with pectoral; gill opening
Ind dentbyeoOpercleb asses sa eae ee ae eee Eleutherochir
1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 85, pp. 31-135, figs. 1-61, 1938.
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 90
d@, Gill opening behind opercle; opercular membrane without free lobe;
ventral with free ray, posterior part of fin with ventral membrane
united to middle of anterior pectoral base_____________ Dactylopus
eo. wollateral linesS_— 3) >. Rate ee ee es Dicallionymus
6. AmMorINAE. Each eye with long tentacle above; gill opening behind pre-
opercular spine; body. spinuldseswse e022 OC es Amora
a?. DRACULINAE. Only one dorsal, corresponds to second dorsal of other gen-
CEB ele seh te er ah FS th cat ee ape ee re EN eR Ci Sa a Draculo
CALLIONYMINAE, new subfamily
Type genus.—Callionymus Linnaeus.
No supraorbital tentacle. Body smooth. Two distinct dorsal fins.
Genus CALLIONYMUS Linnaeus
ANALYSIS OF SPECIES
a’. Maxillary entire, without serrae.
bl. First dorsal spines not prolonged, or but little longer than first ray of second
dorsal.
c!, Chest and breast dark or blackish brown_________________-_ umbrithorax
ce’, Chest and breast pale to whitish like rest of under surface of body.
d!, Preopercular spine slender, straight, with 7 to 9 small antrorse serrae
along its inner edge.
el. Parietal region rather coarsely rugose; snout but little longer than
Ce oI SI EE CE ee MERE eaten Oe a scabriceps
e. Parietal region with more obscure and radiating striae; snout much
Icneer than eye i RIOL eal hn epee sar boleogenys
d, Preopercular spine more robust, with 4 recurved denticles; eye
greatly exceeds shorimuzzies. 29-20: 2) ee marisinensis
d’, Preopercular spine wlth 2 recurved denticles; eye subequal with
180 (ci eh a pele ah ale cute A Reno Pledge a Dy Ahaha hudsoni
‘b®. Spines of first dorsal more or less prolonged or filamentous.
j!. Only first dorsal spine free terminally or prolonged.
gi. Eye subequal with muzzle; inner edge of preopercular spine
with 4 or 5 antrorse spinules.
h!, Preopercular spine inserted close behind eye__________ longi
h?, Preopercular spine inserted well behind eye, or nearer gill
opening ;thamieyeletijsurvine Boe ee Ue brunneus
g’. Eye 2 in muzzle; preopercular spine with 7 antrorse spinules
along itssinnersed get: Au oc ede eek sry aia punctilateralis
f*. First 2 dorsal spines elongated; preopercular spine with 4 recurved
demiticles ij. 24 upline toyed birth DES YE keeleyi
f*. First 3 dorsal spines elongated filaments; preopercular spine short,
curved, with 2 curved denticles on inner edge__distethommatus
a. Maxillary with outer edge denticulate in males, entire in females ; preopercular
spine long, with 4 recurved denticles on its inner edge; chest with a con-
trasted white band on each side and approximating forward.
leucobranchialis
NEW PHILIPPINE CALLIONYMIDAE—FOWLER a
CALLIONYMUS UMBRITHORAKX, new species
Ficure 1
Depth 7; head 3, long as wide. Snout 3 in head; eye 3, subequal
with snout; maxillary not quite reaching eye, entire; mouth cleft short,
reaches halfway to eye, lower jaw very slightly shorter and included in
upper jaw; lips narrow; teeth very minute, villiform, in moderate
bands in both jaws; interorbital very narrow bony frenum, with
longitudinal groove. Preopercular spine large, nearly long as eye, ends
H. W.F. del.
Ficure 1.—Callionymus umbrithorax, new species. Type.
incurved in point followed by four recurved denticles along its inner
edge, and a small subbasal denticle in front pointing forward.
Lateral line complete, high along side of back, simple.
D. IV-10, 1 first spine 1% in head, first ray 1%; A. 9, 1, first ray 3;
caudal 2% in rest of fish, cuneate; least depth of caudal pedunele 5 in
head; pectoral 14, rays 17; ventral rays I, 5, fin 1% in head. Anal
papilla elongate, conic, length half of eye.
Color in alcohol, rather light brown above, with many obscure or
faint darker rings and arcs on trunk and tail above. Six dark- to:
blackish-brown spots close below along lateral line. Various blackish-
brown spots scattered about upper surface of head; pair on each side
of snout, 2 each side before preopercular spine, and several on opercle
especially distinct. Under surface of body largely whitish. Breast and
chest blackish brown, dark area extending between bases of ventrals.
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 90
First dorsal shaded with dark brown, and large black ocellus on second
membrane. Second dorsal largely transparent, with dark basal spot
in front. Anal dark brown marginally, pale basally. Caudal white,
with 10 transverse rows of dark-brown spots, these chiefly on mem-
branes. Pectoral transparent, with 2 dark spots subbasally above.
Ventral becomes dark brown terminally, also with some ill-defined
scattered brown spots on rays.
Philippines. A species defined chiefly by the dark-brown color of
the breast of the male. It is quite different from Callionymus maldi-
vensis Regan,” the males of which are said to have an oblong blackish
blotch on the throat. Callionymus margaretae Regan,> based on
material 47 mm. long without caudal, is described with an oblong
blackish or triangular patch on the throat in the male. It differs in
the male having the first dorsal spine produced in a filament 2% in the
fish excluding the caudal. Its preopercular spine is said to be straight,
with serrated inner edge and forwardly directed spinous extension at
base in front.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 99433. D. 5345. Cliff Island, S. 43° E.,
4.4 miles (lat. 10°50’ N., long. 119°22’03’’ E.), Malampaya Sound,
Palawan Island. December 26, 1908. In 7 fathoms. Length 47
mm. Male.
Paratype —U.S.N.M. No. 99434. Same data. Length 38 mm.
Female.
(umbra, dark place+thorax.)
CALLIONYMUS SCABRICEPS, new species
FIGURE 2
Depth 6; head 3%, length 1) in width. Snout 2% in head; eye 2%,
subequal with snout, well protruded on upper profile of head; maxillary
reaches three-fourths to eye, entire; mouth cleft reaches halfway to
eye, upper jaws greatly protractile and mandible shorter or included in
upper jaw; teeth very fine, minute, villiform, in narrow bands in jaws;
no interorbital space, eyes closely set in apposition. Preopercular
spine long, slender, greater than orbit, inner edge with eight antrorse
spinules, and small spine at front of base directed forward.
Lateral line elevated, high along side of back, complete. Along
and above course of lateral line four short vertical bars of papillae or
pores, last over caudal peduncle before caudal fin base. Parietal
region of head with striate rugae, rather coarse and irregular.
D. IV-9, 1, first spine 1} in head, first ray 14; A. 8, 1, first ray 2};
caudal 2% in rest of fish, cuneate; least depth of caudal peduncle 4 in
1 Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, vol. 12, Zool., p. 247, pl. 30, fig. 3, 1908 (type locality: Maldives, S.
Nilandu, in 30 to 36 fathoms).
3 Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 16, No. 2, p. 326, pl. 3, fig. 3, 1905 (type locality: Muscat, in 15 to 30
fathoms).
NEW PHILIPPINE CALLIONYMIDAE—FOWLER 5
head; pectoral rays 19, fin 1 in head; ventral 3 in fish without caudal,
rays I, 5.
Color in alcohol, back brown, with six darker saddlelike cross bands,
though ill-defined and more or less obscured by paler rings or blotches,
the various shades producing more or less mottled appearance above.
Dark-brown blotches also on sides of head and prepectoral region.
Eye gray-brown, with darker mottling and spots. Under surface of
body uniform whitish. First dorsal with dark-brown spots, obscurely
ocellated with paler and with some irregular white spots on last two
membranes. Second dorsal transparent, with three and sometimes
H. W.F. del.
Figure 2.—Callionymus scabriceps, new species. ‘Type.
four longitudinal rows of black ocelli, subbasal and median series most:
contrasted. Anal with rays tipped white and submarginally dark
brown, shading paler basally on fin. Caudal transparent, with eight
transverse dark-brown bands on lower two-thirds of fin, and in each
band brownish-black spot, only distinct as fin is expanded. Pectoral
largely colorless. Ventral variegated with brown, as pale to whitish
spots, producing a mottled appearance.
Philippines. Distinguished by its combination of characters, espe-
cially the prominent long slender attenuated preopercular spine, which
is 14 times the eye and furnished with 8 antrorse spinules along its
inner edge, besides a small spine directed forward at its base in front.
Top of head rugose. Snout subequal with eye.
6 PROCEEDINGS OF 'THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
Type-—U.S.N.M. No. 99406. Jolo, Jolo Islands. February 8,
1908. Length, 58 mm.
Paratype —U.S.N.M. No. 99407. Surigao, Mindanao. Fifty-foot
seine. May 8, 1908. Length, 38 mm.
(scaber, rough +xe@dad7, head.)
CALLIONYMUS BOLEOGENYS, new species
FIGURE 3
Depth 7%; head 3%, width 1% in its length. Snout 2% in head; eye
2%o, 1% in snout; maxillary reaches four-fifths to eye, entire; mouth
H. W.F. del.
Ficure 3.—Callionymus boleogenys, new species. Type.
cleft reaches two-fifths to eye, long premaxillaries well protruded and
a little protractile, lower jaw shorter; teeth very minute, villiform, in
narrow bands in jaws, none on palate; interorbital narrow bony frenum,
with median longitudinal shallow concave groove. Preopercular
spine long, straight, slender, ends in short spine and also short basal
spine directed forward; eight fine antrorse serrae along inner edge.
Lateral line complete, high along side of back, and continued on
caudal base. Parietals with very fine or weak radiating striae.
D. IV-8, 1, first spine 1% in head, first ray 14%; A. 7, 1, first ray 24;
caudal 3% in rest of fish, cuneate, with upper rays graduated shorter;
least depth of caudal peduncle 4; pectoral 1%, rays 15; ventral rays I,
5, fin equals head. Anal papilla small, short, depressed or subconic .
fleshy point.
NEW PHILIPPINE CALLION YMIDAE—FOWLER t
Color in alcohol, back and upper surfaces very pale brown, washed
with rose, with still paler to whitish blotches, ringed areas and irregular
and slightly darker arcs, circles, ete. Eye gray-white, with pink tinge
above, and variegated with gray to dark gray. Under surface of body
uniform whitish, with six longitudinal gray bands, variable and irregu-
lar. Caudal with seven rows of large blackish blotches on lower half.
Fins otherwise all pale to transparent.
Philippines. Characters of distinction are the long, slender pre-
opercular spine which equals the eye, protractile mouth, very pale
coloration washed with rose and with pale to whitish spots. The low
first dorsal has gray longitudinal lines and narrow bands.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 99408. Pandanan Island. Seine, 130 feet.
March 23, 1909. Length 51 mm.
Paratype —U.S.N.M. No. 99409. Same data. Length 32 mm.
(Boris, dart+-yévis, cheek; with reference to the slender preopercular
spine.)
CALLIONYMUS MARISINENSIS, new species
FIGURE 4
Depth 8%; head 4, length 1% in its width. Snout 4 in head; eye
2%, about twice snout length, enters upper profile of head; maxillary
reaches front eye edge, unarmed; mouth cleft reaches halfway to eye,
lower jaw slightly shorter or included in upper jaw; teeth minute,
villiform, firm, simple, in narrow bands in each jaw; interorbital
narrow firm bony keel and separating eyes. Preopercular spine long
as eye, ends in rather short and slightly curved in spine, followed by
three or four more slightly recurved spines along its inner edge, first
longest and fourth (anterior) smallest; at base in front short spine
directed forward. Gill opening superior, small, about half long as
pupil.
Lateral line high along side of back, simple, complete to caudal base.
D. IV-9, 1, first spine 1% in head, first ray 1%; A. 9, 1, first ray 24;
caudal 3% in rest of fish, rounded behind; least depth of caudal pe-
duncle 4 in head; pectoral 1, rays 18, fin rounded; ventral rays I, 5,
long as head. Anal papilla short, depressed, pointed.
Color in alcohol, brown above, with innumerable darker brown
lines forming a marbled appearance, due to ares, curves, rings, and
blotches darker and paler. Iris silvery gray. Under surface of body
uniform whitish. Dorsal dark or gray black with four whitish
oblique bands. Soft dorsal pale or whitish, with faint brown spots on
each ray. Anal pale or whitish. Caudal pale, with six brown spots
on each membrane, forming dark transverse bands in retracted fin.
Paired fins pale, pectoral with brown cross lines and ventral with
faint brown spots on each ray.
8 PROCEEDINGS OF 'THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
China Sea. Greatly resembles Callionymus hudsoni, but with an
entirely different preopercular spine long as eye.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 99410. China Sea, vicinity of Hong Kong,
lat. 21°44’ N., long. 114°48’ E. In 34 fathoms. August 9, 1908.
Length 48 mm. [D. 5303.]
Figure 4.—Callionymus marisinensis, new species. Type.
Paratype —U.S.N.M. No. 99411. Tinakta Island (N.), S. 80° W.,
3.3 miles (lat. 5°12’30’’ N., long. 119°55’50’’ E.). February 21, 1908.
Length 36mm _— [D. 5157.]
(marisinensis, of China Sea.)
CALLIONYMUS HUDSONI, new species
FIGURE 5
Depth 64%; head 3%, width 14%. Snout 3% in head (in profile); eye 3,
slightly greater than snout; maxillary not reaching eye, length 4% in
head; mouth cleft 5% in head from snout tip, extends halfway to eye,
lower jaw well protruded in front; teeth very minute, in narrow villi-
form band, firm, more easily felt than seen without a lens; interorbital
narrow, with large eyes set close. Preopercle ends in spine directed
up and back, with small one at base in front and two large, subequal,
recurved spines along its hind edge. Gill opening small, high, faces
upward.
Lateral line high, complete, simple.
NEW PHILIPPINE CALLIONYMIDAE-—FOWLER 9
D. IV-9, 1, first 2 spines end in short filaments, first spine 1} in
total head length, first ray 144; A. 7, 1, first ray 2%; caudal 1, rounded
or convex behind; least depth of caudal peduncle 4%; pectoral 1%,
rays 18; ventral rays I, 5, fin 2% in fish without caudal.
Color in alcohol, very pale gray brown above, with slightly darker
variable spots, blotches, and bars. Iris silvery to coppery gray.
Entire under surfaces of head and body white. Fins ail largely whitish.
First dorsal with dark or blackish brown blotch on most membranes
marginally. Few scattered pale brown spots on ventral rays.
H. W. F. del.
Ficure 5.—Callionymus hudsoni, new species. Type.
Known only from the Philippines. Characterized by its moderate
caudal, large ventrals, and coloration, the inner edge of the preoper-
cular spine with only two recurved hooks.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 99412. Pandanan Island. Seine, 130 feet.
March 23, 1909. Length 35 mm.
Paratypes —U.S.N.M. No. 99415. Cabugao Bay, Catanduanes
Island. From seine. June 9, 1909. Length 40 mm.
U.S.N.M. No. 99417. Cebu market, Cebu. March 20, 1909.
Length 50 mm.
U.S.N.M. No. 99414. Mantacao Island. From seine. April 8,
1908. Length 38 mm.
U.S.N.M. No. 99416. Port San Vicente, Luzon side (beach).
November 18, 1908. Seine 130 feet. Length 29 mm.
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
U.S.N.M. No. 99413. Reef opposite Cebu, Cebu Island. April 7,
1908. Length 44 mm.
(Named for Capt. Charles B. Hudson, whose valuable figures of
Japanese dragonets were published in 1903.)
CALLION YMUS LONGI, new species
FIGURE 6
Depth 9; head 4%, length 1% in its width. Snout 2%, in head;
eye 2%, subequal with snout; maxillary nearly reaches orbit, length
3% in head; mouth cleft reaches three-sevenths to eye, lower jaw
( ay ot 4
H.W. F. del. Seay 1D
\
~S
Ficure 6.—Callionymus longi, new species. ‘Type.
shorter or included in upper; teeth villiform, fine, close set, simple,
conic, in bands in jaws, narrowing along sides of jaws; interorbital
bony frenum separating large close set eyes. Preopercular spine very
long, slender, but slightly curved and ends behind in a long slender
spine, four low broad spinules along its inner edge, and small
forward directed basal spine in front.
Lateral line complete, high along side of back, with loop above
close before caudal fin, and extending out on caudal base. Occiput
finely striate, with striae not greatly developed.
D. IV-9, 1, first spine slender, ends in free filament 3% in fish without
caudal; A. 9, 1, first ray 234 in head measured to gill opening; least
depth of caudal peduncle 4%; pectoral 1%, rays 20; caudal 2% in rest
NEW PHILIPPINE CALLIONYMIDAE—FOWLER 11
of fish; ventral 334, rays I, 5. Anal papilla conic, pointed, nearly
long as pupil.
Color in alcohol, back and upper surfaces light brown, warmer
tint on trunk and tail. Back also variegated with pale and dark
rings and marbling. Under surfaces of body white, with pale buff
and brown tints. Side of head with rather large brown spots inter-
spersed with white dots and small spots, and on under sides of head
variable, inclined, short white lines and bars. Eyes brown, variegated
with dark blotches above. First dorsal whitish, with black pale-edged
ocelli, on last two membranes largest and with dark to black bands.
Second dorsal pale or transparent with several brown spots on each
ray. Anal transparent. Caudal transparent whitish, with six trans-
verse bars made up of dark-brown spots, chiefly on upper half of fin.
Pectoral white, with small brown spots mostly on upper part of fin.
Ventral pale or whitish, with scattered brown spots on hind half of
fin,
Philippines. Known by the long preopercular spine 1 +% times eye,
ends in a backward directed barbed point behind; four low broad
spinules along its upper edge and a small basal forward directed spine
in front. The first dorsal spine is an extended filament, little shorter
than head. Entire under surfaces uniformly white.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 99418. Pajumajan Island (W.), S. 2° W.,
2 miles (lat. 5° 22’ 55’’ N., long. 120° 15’ 45’’ E.), Sulu Archipelago,
Tawi Tawi Group. In 34 fathoms. February 18, 1908. Length 98
mm. Bureau of Fisheries (No. 22922). [D. 5152.]
(Named for Bayard Long, of the Department of Botany, Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, to whom I am indebted for
many American fishes.)
CALLIONYMUS BRUNNEUS, new species
FIGURE 7
Depth 9%; head 3%, long as wide. Snout 2% in head; eye 3%, 1%
in snout; maxillary reaches halfway to eye, length 4% in head; mouth
cleft reaches two-fifths to eye, iower jaw included; premaxillaries very
protractile; teeth fine, conic, pointed, villiform, in bands in jaws,
broader anteriorly and on sides narrowing back; interorbital narrow
bony frenum, separating large closely set eyes. Preopercular spine
large, slender, slightly longer than eye, nearly straight, ends in
slender long spine, with five recurved denticles along inner edge, and
small subbasal denticle in front directed forward.
Lateral line complete, runs little high along side of back and out on
caudal base. Parietal region smooth, only some very feeble radiating
obscure striae, little visible except under a lens.
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 90
D. IV-9, 1, first spine 1% in head, first ray 14; A. 9, 1, first ray 2%;
caudal 3% in rest of fish, cuneate; least depth of caudal peduncle 4% in
head; pectoral 14, rays 19; ventral rays I, 5, fin 3% in fish without
caudal. Anal papilla depressed, narrowly triangular, two-fifths of eye.
Color in alcohol, back and upper surfaces brown, variegated with
slightly darker rings, arcs, circles, and spots, all producing little con-
trast. Under surface of body uniform whitish, with buff and pale-
brown suffusions. Several well-inclined dark-brown bars along lower
side of head and cheek. Opercle with brown spots, these extending on
connecting membrane below to ventral fin. Obscure brown spots
Ficure 7.—Callionymus brunneus, new species. ‘Type.
little inclined back and below along side of tail. Eyes gray, brown
above with darker spots and blotches. First dorsal with pale brown
membrane, large black blotch on two last membranes, with several
dark streaks on first two membranes. Second dorsal transparent,
greatly variegated with dark brown spots, ocelli and blotches. Anal
transparent basally, with blackish brown shading terminally on each
membrane and lower edge of each interradial membrane white in
front. Caudal pale to whitish with six transverse dark bars, mostly
made up of spots. Pectoral whitish, upper portion with small numer-
ous dark-brown spots. Ventral whitish basally, dark brown termin-
ally, upper outer surfaces also thickly spotted with still deeper brown
Philippines. A species easily known by its general brown appear-
ance. Its long slender straight preopercular spine ends in a slender
NEW PHILIPPINE CALLIONYMIDAE—FOWLER LS
spine directed straight back, with five small antrorse spines along its
upper edge, and a small spine directed forward from its base. First
dorsal spine a little longer than the others in the male and less than
the head. Last two dorsal membranes black and anal with a black
submarginal line.
Type-—U.S.N.M. No. 99419. Balayan Bay, Taal. January 19,
1908. From fishermen’s seine. Length 80 mm.
Paratypes.—U.S.N.M. No. 99420. Same data as for type. Length
67 to 78 mm. Seven specimens.
U.S.N.M. No. 99421. Subig Bay, Subig, southern Luzon. From
seine. January 7, 1908. Length 34 to 52mm. Two specimens.
(brunneus, brown.)
CALLIONYMUS PUNCTILATERALIS, new species
FIGURE 8
Depth 8; head 4%, length % of width. Snout 2 in head; eye 4, 2 in
snout; maxillary reaches two-thirds to eye, ridges and edges entire;
mouth cleft reaches halfway to eye, lower jaw slightly shorter and
included in upper when mouth is closed; teeth in villiform bands in
jaws, bands broken anteriorly; teeth strong, firm, conic, close set, and
in quite narrow bands on sides of jaws; interorbital narrow, concave,
width about equals diameter of pupil. Preopercular spine slender,
144 times eye, ends in point behind; seven recurved small denticles
along inner edge; small basal spine directed forward. Gill opening
small, an orbital diameter behind eye.
Lateral line complete, but little waved or undulate, high along side
of back. Parietals each with radiating striae.
D. IV-9, 1, first spine largely detached, prolonged, 314 in fish without
caudal, first ray 1} in head; A. 9, 1, first ray 2%; caudal 2% in rest of
fish; least depth of caudal peduncle 3'4 in head; pectoral rays 20, fin
1% in head; ventral rays I, 5, fin 3% in fish without caudal. Anal
papilla slender, tapering, depressed, three-fourths length of orbit.
Color in alcohol, burnt umber or warm brown above, variegated
with many close-set intricated darker marblings, ares, circles, and
vermiculating lines. Lower surfaces uniform whitish. All along
sides of head and body very numerous thickly strewn, dark to black-
ish-brown spots. On lower side of head and thorax spots larger or as
blackish blotches, especially contrasted with whitish of under surfaces.
Tris gray, variegated with darker spots on orbit above. First dorsal
with first and second membranes largely white, marked with some
black white-ringed ocelli; other membranes blackish, with four or five
oblique whitish lines. Second dorsal with gray to black ocelli, variable
on finmembranes. Anal largely shaded gray-brown below or toward
margins. Caudal marked with large white-ringed ocelli on greater
14 PROCEEDINGS OF ‘THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
upper portions, and fin otherwise with variable more or less transverse
gray waved parallel lines or narrow bands. Pectoral whitish, with
numerous small blackish-brown spots on upper part. Ventral whitish,
rays dark brown terminally and axillary membrane finely spotted with
black.
Philippines. Known by its small dark spots scattered over the side
of the body in the male.
H. W.F. del.
Figure 8.—Callionymus punctilateralis, new species. ‘Type.
Type-—One example. U.S.N.M. No. 99422. Tigbauan, Panay
Island. May 14, 1929. Male. Length 162 mm.
Paratypes.—¥Four examples. U.S.N.M. Nos. 99423 and 99424.
Below mouth of Mindanao River, Cotabato, Mindanao. Seine.
May 20, 1908. Two males and two females. Length 52 to 84 mm.
(punctum, spot+Jateralis, of the side.)
CALLIONYMUS KEELEYI, new species
FIGURE 9
Depth 74; head 3%, long as wide. Snout 2% in head; eye 3%, 14 in
snout; maxillary concealed; mouth cleft reaches halfway to eye, lower
jaw little shorter; teeth villiform, fine, conic, simple, in rather wide
short bands in jaws, form narrow band along each side of jaw; man-
dible shallow, rami not elevated inside mouth; interorbital narrow
bony ridge separating large close set eyes. Preopercular spine *% of
NEW PHILIPPINE CALLIONYMIDAE—FOWLER 15
eye, ends in small slightly recurved denticle, four more mostly larger
ones along inner edge, and small basal denticle in front pointing
forward.
Lateral line complete, high along side of back, simple, and extends
out on caudal base. Parietal region smocth.
D. IV-9, 1, first 2 spines prolonged into long filaments, first longer
or 1% in fish without caudal, first ray 144 in head; A. 9, 1, first ray 2%;
least depth of caudal peduncle 4; pectoral 14, rays 19; ventral rays I,
5, fin 3% in fish without caudal; caudal 1%. Anal papilla conic,
simple, depressed, long as pupil.
Color in alcohol, back and upper surfaces brown, variegated with
darker and paler marblings. Light diffuse or obscure median darker
H. W.F. del.
Ficure 9.—Callionymus keeleyi, new species. Type.
blotches on back. Sides of head and body with more defined and
contrasted dark spots on sides. Eyes gray, with silvery tints and
darker markings. All under surfaces of body immaculate whitish.
First dorsal dark gray to gray-black, especially on second and third
membranes; some paler longitudinal lines on first two membranes.
Second dorsal transparent, with scattered dark spots or specks on
rays. Anal pale, dark to blackish brown marginally. Caudal whitish,
eray terminally, and with a dozen irregular transverse rows of dark to
blackish spots. Pectoral whitish, with numerous small, irregular,
blackish-brown spots above. Ventral pale to whitish basally, dark
to blackish brown terminally, and inner half of fin with connecting
membrane marked with small dark to blackish dots.
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
Philippines. Known by the orbit 14 in snout and first dorsal with
two spines elongate filaments, fin dark, on last membrane black with
white lines. Caudal with a dozen rows of dark spots and anal border
black. Pectoral with many fine dark spots and ventral blackish
terminally.
Type-—U.S.N.M. No. 99425. Cebu. April 17, 1929. Lt. H.C.
Kellers. Length 80 mm.
(Named for Frank J. Keeley, of the department of mineralogy,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.)
CALLIONYMUS SCHAAPII Bleeker
Ficure 10
Callionymus schaapii BLEEKER, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indié, vol. 3, p. 455, 1852
(type locality: Banka).—Gtnruer, Catalogue of fishes in the British Museum,
vol. 3, p. 148, 1861 (copied).—BLEEKeER, Versl. Meded. Akad. Wet. Amster-
dam, ser. 2, vol. 14, p. 94, 1879 (Singapore; Banka; Java).
Depth 74 to 84; head 4% to 4%, length 14 in its width to width 14g in
its length. Snout 3 to 3% in head; eye 3% to 34, subequal with snout;
maxillary reaches three-fifths to eye, entire; mouth cleft with rictus
halfway in snout, lower jaw little shorter than upper, which protrudes
in front; teeth very small, fine, simple, conic, close set, villiform, in
narrow bands in each jaw; interorbital narrow, concave, with median
longitudinal groove, bony width wide as pupil. Preopercular spine
large, bent, ends in small terminal point, also similar small basal
point in front directed forward, and along inner edge four or five
rather large recurved denticles.
Lateral line high along back to caudal base, simple and continuous
with loop above over caudal peduncle posteriorly. Parietals with
fine, narrow striae.
D. IV-9, 1, first spines end in long filaments, second spine 1% to 3%
in fish without caudal, first ray 1% to 1% in head; A. 9, 1, first ray 235
to 2%; caudal 2% to 3 in rest of fish, convex behind; least depth of
caudal peduncle 3% to 4 in head; pectoral 14>) to 1+%o, rays 20;
ventral rays I, 5, fin slightly longer than head to twice length of
head. Anal papilla simple, conic, three-sevenths of eye.
Color in alcohol, dull brown above, with many obscure darker
spots, specks, and blotches; also many arcs, rings, and circles on
trunk and tail above; on tail form four obscure dark saddles. Dark-
brown spot about half size of orbit, on opercular flap. Dorsals and
anals largely transparent. Caudal with five transverse darker bars.
Pectoral with five or six dark transverse bars, more or less forming
imperfect pale rings over upper part of fin. Ventral pale to whitish,
each ray with four or five brown spots.
NEW PHILIPPINE CALLIONYMIDAE—FOWLER 47
Aon
vA ayy
Ficure 11.—Callionymus distethommatus, new species. Type.
274411—41——2
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
East Indies, Philippines. Resembles Callionymus hudsoni and
Callionymus marisinensis but differs in having the preopercular spine
1+ times the eye, first three dorsal spines filamentous and pro-
longed, also the head striate behind eye. The species may be known
by the very conspicuous ocellated black blotch below and before the
pectoral origin.
Fifteen examples: Buenavista, Guimaras Island. Seine. January
14,1909. Length 54 to 88 mm.
One example. Cebu. April 14,1921. Lt. H.C. Kellers. Length
70 mm.
Four examples. Iloilo market, Panay. March 28, 1908. Length
57 to 85 mm.
CALLIONYMUS DISTETHOMMATUS, new species
Ficure 11
Depth 74; head 4, broad as long. Snout 3% in head; eye 3%, in-
vades upper profile of head; maxillary reaches below front of eye,
length 3% in head; mouth cleft reaches two-thirds to eye, greatly
protractile down and forward; teeth fine, villiform, in narrow bands
in jaws; interorbital very narrow frenum, or bony ridge with median
fine longitudinal groove, separating two large close-set eyes. Pre-
opercle with moderate spine, ends in recurved denticle and followed
by two others along hind edge; small basal spine in front directed
forward.
Lateral line high along upper side of body, simple, complete.
Parietal with very fine rugae.
D. IV-8, 1, spines all prolonged in filaments so third 147 in fish with-
out caudal, first ray 1% in head; A. 7, 1, first ray 2%; least depth of
caudal peduncle 4; pectoral 1, rays 18; ventral rays I, 5, fin 2% in
fish without caudal; caudal 2%, cuneate. Anal papilla conic, slender,
2 in orbit.
Color in alcohol, pale or light grayish above variegated with gray-
brown and brown, forming five transverse dark bars or blotches on
back. Snout pale above. Many small black to blackish-brown ocelli
scattered on sides of head and top of head and on fins, also two below
head at front of branchiostegal region. Iris gray and pearly. First
dorsal with large black ocellus on third membrane. Second dorsal
with some faint dark spots on rays. Anal blackish brown marginally.
Caudal pale to whitish, with large pearly ocellus basally and many
dark ocelli on lower and terminal part of fin. Pectoral largely whitish,
only very faint trace of gray spots. Ventral whitish, grayish
terminally and each ray with a few dark spots.
Philippines. A very handsome and ornamental species, with very
definite color pattern.
NEW PHILIPPINE CALLIONYMIDAE—FOWLER 19
Type.-—U.S.N.M. No. 99426. Cebu market. August 28, 1909,
Length 69 mm. Male. [1835.]
Paratypes—U.S.N.M. No. 99429. Cebu market, Cebu. March
20, 1909. Length 40 mm. Female.
U.S.N.M. No. 99431. Cebu market. March 28, 1909. Length
4imm. Male.
U.S.N.M. No. 99428. Cebu market. August 26, 1909. Length
52 to 58mm. Males. Three examples.
U.S.N.M. No. 99427. Cebu market. August 28, 1909. Length
45 to — mm. Males. Two examples.
US.N.M. No. 99432. Guijulugan, Tafion Strait, east coast of
Negros. Shore seine. April 2, 1908. Males. Length 48 to 59 mm.
Two examples.
U.S.N.M. No. 99430. Port Matalvi, off western Luzon. Seine
150 feet. November 23, 1908. Females. Length 35 to 42 mm.
Two examples.
(Sis, twice + or7Qo0s, breast + dupa, eye, with reference to the
double ocellated spot on each side of breast.)
CALLIONYMUS LEUCOBRANCHIALIS, new species
Ficures 12 (male), 13 (female)
Depth 8% to 10%; head 3% to 4%, long as wide. Snout 2% to 3 in
head; eye 2% to 3, subequal with snout; maxillary reaches seven-
eighths to eye or little below front ofeye; outer ridge in males with row
of denticles, entire in female; mouth cleft horizontal, rictus three-
sevenths in space to eye; lower jaw slightly included in male, jaws
subequal or lower slightly protrudes in female; teeth fine, minute,
villiform, crowded and in narrow bands in both jaws; interorbital
narrow bony frenum, with longitudinal groove, bony width about half
diameter of pupil. Preopercular spine long as eye, ends in short
curved point behind, with three or four recurved denticles along its
inner edge, and short denticle basal in front directed forward.
Lateral line complete, distinct, extends high along side of back
out on caudal base, with or without loop over caudal peduncle above
and just before caudal base. Parietal region smooth, radiating striae
feeble and not very distinct.
D. IV-9, 1, or 10, 1, spines all prolonged into slender free filaments
terminally reaching well into caudal base in males, first dorsal spine
1% in head in females, first dorsal ray 1% to 1%; A. 9, 1, first ray 2Mo
to 2% in males; caudal nearly long as rest of fish, in females caudal
3 in rest of fish; least depth of caudal peduncle 4% to 5 in total head
length; pectoral greater than head in males or 3% in fish without caudal,
subequal with head in females, rays 17 or 18; ventral rays I, 5, fin
3% in fish without caudal or 1% in head. Anal papilla long, slender,
conic.
20 PROCEEDINGS OF 'THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Ficure 12.—Callionymus leucobranchialis. Type. Male.
40
TEM,
H. W.F. del.
Ficure 13.—Callionymus leucobranchialis. Paratype. Female.
NEW PHILIPPINE CALLIONYMIDAE—FOWLER 21
Color in alcohol, light brown, on back with many faint and in-
distinct brown rings, arcs, and mottlings. Under surfaces largely
whitish. Groove of lower lip each side of mandible, dark brown.
Throat, chest, and breast rather light to pale brown, with strongly
contrasted white gills. Iris silvery gray, with brown variable lines or
arcs. First dorsal variegated with white marks on dark gray-brown
background in male, less contrasted in female. Second dorsal pale or
transparent whitish, with dull brownish spots on rays. Anal similar
to second dorsal, or with oblique dark streaks below. Caudal pale or
whitish basally, with five to seven transverse series of large rounded
dark-brown spots, in closed fin forming transverse bands; terminally
fin darker or brown with still darker mottling or obscure blotches.
Pectoral pale, with about nine transverse brown lines. Ventral
whitish basally and marked with many inconspicuous brown spots;
fin gray black terminally.
Philippines. Apparently approaches Callionymus neptunia Seale *
based on examples 160 to 190 mm. It differs from that species in the
preopercular spine robust, but with the terminal spine small and
straight anterior basal spine directed forward well developed, and only
four large strong denticles along the upper edge of the spine. More-
over the four dorsal spines are greatly elongated and reach the basal
part of the caudal fin. The coloration is also different.
Type —U.S.N.M. No. 99393. San Fernando Point Light, N. 39°E.,
8.4 miles (lat. 16°30’36’’ N., long. 120°11’06’’ E.), west coast of
Luzon. In 45 fathoms. May 11, 1909. Length 99 mm.
Paratypes.—U.S.N.M. No. 99399. Same data as for type. Length
43 to 97 mm. Six specimens.
U.S.N.M. No. 99400. Bacoor, Luzon. Seine. June 15, 1908.
Length 60 mm.
U.S.N.M. No. 99395. Same data as preceding. Four specimens.
Length 38 to 59 mm.
Other specimens —U.S.N.M. No. 99403. Bolalo Bay, Malampaya
Sound, Palawan Island. Dynamite. December 21, 1908. Length
42 to 73 mm. Two examples.
U.S.N.M. No. 99394. Cavite and San Roque markets. June 27,
1908. Length 53mm. 12819.
U.S.N.M. No. 99396. Cebu market. April 5, 1908. Length 73
mm. 8564.
U.S.N.M. No. 99401. Manila Bay, Luzon. December 12, 1908.
Length 42 mm.
U.S.N.M. No. 99402. Manila Harbor, Luzon. Seine of 34 feet.
March 16, 1908. Length 68 mm.
U.S.N.M. No. 99397. Outside harbor wall, Manila Bay, Luzon.
Dredge. December 12,1907. Length 40to43 mm. Three examples.
4 Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 4, No. 6, p. 539, 1909 (type locality: Balayan Bay, Luzon),
22 PROCEEDINGS OF 'THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 90
U.S.N.M. No. 99404. Philippines. Length 48 to 65 mm. Two
examples.
U.S.N.M. No. 99405. D. 5442. San Fernando Point Light, N.
39° E., 8.4 miles (lat. 16°30/36’’ N., long. 120°11’6’’ E.), west coast
Luzon. May 11, 1909. Length 28 to 73 mm. Five examples.
U.S.N.M. No. 99398. Sandakan Bay, Borneo. Seine. March 2,
1908. Length 58 to66mm. Three examples.
(Xeuxds, White+Bpayx.a, gills)
Besides the above several other interesting species in the collection
are:
CALLIONYMUS SAGITTA Pallas
Callionymus sagitta Pauvas, Spicilegia zoologica, vol. 8, p. 29, pl. 4, figs. 4-5, 1770:
(type locality: Amboyna).—Jorpan and RicHarpson, Bull. U. 8. Bur.
Fisher., vol. 27, p. 283, 1908 (Manila)—Borop1in, Bull. Vanderbilt Marine
Mus., vol. 1, art. 2, p. 61, 1930 (Manila Bay).—Herre, Fishes Herre 1931
Philippine Expedition, p. 94, 1934 (Manila).
22169. Davao, Mindanao. May 16, 1908. Length 58 mm.
One example. Cebu. April 24,1909. Lt. H.C. Kellers. Length
66 mm.
CALLIONYMUS BENITEGURI Jordan and Snyder
Callionymus beniteguri JORDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, p.
370, pl. 17, 1900 (type locality: Tokyo Bay).—Jorpan and Fow ter, ibid.,
vol. 25, p. 956, 1903 (Misaki, Otaru, Wakanoura, Kobe, Hakodate, Aomori,
Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Matsushima Bay).—Jorpan and Husss, Mem.
Carnegie Mus., vol. 10, No. 2, p. 317, 1925 (Toba, Kobe, Tatoku Island,
Mikawa Bay).—Scumipt, Trans. Pacific Committee Acad. Sci. U. S. S. R.,
p. 143, 1981 (Nagasaki).
Calliurichthys beniteguri Franz, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., vol. 4, Suppl. Band 1,
p. 84, 1910 (Yokohama).
U.S.N.M. No. 49402. Bay of Tokyo, Japan. K. Otaki. Length
185mm. Type.
One example. Miyazaki, Japan. Rev. Cyrus A. Clark. Oberlin
College. Length 105 mm.
CALLIONYMUS VALENCIENNEI Schlegel
Callionymus valenciennet SCHLEGEL, Siebold’s Fauna Japonica, Poissons, pts. 7-9,
p. 153, p!. 78, fig. 3, 1845 (type locality: Nagasaki, Japan).—JorDAN and
Husss, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 10, No. 2, p. 317, 1925 (Kobe; Toba).
Callionymus valenciennesi BLEEKER, Versl. Meded. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, ser. 2,
vol. 3, p. 238, 1869 (Japan).
Calliurichthys valenciennest FRaANz, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., vol. 4, Suppl. Band
1, p. 84, 1910 (Sagami Bay; Aburatsubo).
Callionymus japonicus (not Houttuyn) VALENcInNNEs, Histoire naturelle de
poissons, vol. 12, p. 299, 18387 (Japan).
Callionymus simplicicornis VALENCIENNES, ibid., p. 303, 1837 (type locality:
Guam).
Callionymus reevest (part) RicHarpson, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sul-
phur, Ichthyology, p. 60, pl. 36, 1844 (female; on drawing made in Canton,
not type).
NEW PHILIPPINE CALLIONYMIDAE—FOWLER 93
Callionymus flagris JoRDAN and Fow.eEr, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, p. 952,
fig. 7, 1903 (type locality: Tsuruga; Tokyo; Aomori; Kobe; Nagasaki; Owari
Bay; Matsushima Bay).
Two examples. China. A. de W. Sowerby. Length 64 to 75 mm.
Genus SYNCHIROPUS GILL
ANALYSIS OF SPECIES
a. Second dorsal elevated; pectoral long, reaches halfway to caudal_-_-_pallidus
a?. Second dorsal lower; pectoral moderate, reaches 7% to caudal-__---- grinnelli
SYNCHIROPUS PALLIDUS, new species
Figure 14
Depth 6%; head 344, wide as long. Snout 4 in head (in profile) to
gill opening; eye 2%, greatly exceeds snout; maxillary reaches below
H. W.F. del.
=~
Ficure 14.—Synchiropus pallidus, new species. Type.
front of eye, length 3% in head to gill opening, entire; mouth cleft.
reaches three-fourths in snout, lower jaw very slightly shorter; jaws
greatly protractile down and forward; teeth small, very close set,
villiform, in bands in jaws which narrowed posteriorly or along sides
of jaws; bony interorbital narrow, width two-thirds of pupil, shallowly
concave; preopercle spine less than eye, curved, ends in slender spine
and rather large forward curved denticle on inner upper edge; no
basal spinule in front.
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
Lateral line complete, simple, extends on caudal base, and its course
little high along side of body. Parietals striate, rather smooth.
D. IV-7, 1, first spine terminally free, equals head, first ray 2% in
fish without caudal; A. 7, 1, first ray 3% in head to gill opening; least
depth of caudal peduncle 4; pectoral 140, rays 19; ventral rays I, 5,
fin 3% in fish without caudal; caudal 2, cuneate. Anal papilla very
short, conic, simple.
Color in alcohol, very pale brown above, whitish below. Iris copper
color, dark gray on eyes above. Fins all pale to transparent. First
dorsal with eight transverse and slightly inclined pearl-white lines
and about six on caudal.
Known by its very pale general coloration and the second dorsal
with eight transverse, pearly white, wide-spaced, narrow bands, the
caudal with six.
Type —U.S.N.M. No. 99437. No. 1355. Length 190 mm. to end
of broken caudal.
(pallidus, pale.)
SYNCHIROPUS GRINNELLI, new species
Figure 15
Depth 6%; head 3%, width 1. Snout 4% in head; eye 2%, greatly
exceeds short obtuse snout, with orbits conspicuously impinging on
upper profile of head; maxillary reaches below front part of orbit;
mouth cleft slopes little down and forward, rictus extending very
nearly opposite front edge of orbit and lower jaw slightly shorter than
upper; teeth small, simple, conic, close set or crowded, uniformly
villiform and in moderate bands in jaws, which little broader anteri-
orly; no teeth on palate; interorbital narrow bony frenum separating
very large orbits and traversed by a shallow longitudinal groove.
Preopercular spine large, strong, ends in slightly upturned spine and
another on inner edge recurved, and both invested in connecting mem-
brane. Gill opening rather large, nearly opposite first dorsal origin.
Lateral line complete, high at first along back, posteriorly falls
until axial along middle of side of tail and caudal peduncle on to
caudal base. Parietal areas of cranium osseous, with pits and short
anastomosing radiating bony branches. Preorbital broadly tri-
angular, with fine radiating striae.
D. IV-9, 1, first 2 spines with ends flexible and filamentous, first
spine 144 in head, first ray 1%; A. 7, 1, first ray 3%; caudal cuneate or
hind edge obliquely and slightly convex down to lower branched
‘rays, which longest and fin 3 in rest of fish; least depth of caudal
peduncle 5 in head; pectoral 1%, rays 20; ventral rays I, 5, length 1
in head Anal papilla very short, depressed, blunt, cutaneous flap.
NEW PHILIPPINE CALLIONYMIDAE—FOWLER 25
Color in alcohol, pale buff-brown, inclining to whitish below. Upper
part of back with very faint traces of light blotches or spots, variable
though rather large. Iris grayish. First dorsal whitish, with large
black ocellus terminally on third membrane, and other membranes
with white and brownish shades. Second dorsal pale, with some
pure-white blotches medially or in upper half, in some lights these
markings reflected as brownish. A pale or transparent like second
dorsal, with subterminal dark-brown band, beyond or on edge of nar-
row white line. Caudal transparent with white markings as three
imperfect transverse bands sloping little back, as upper part of fin,
Figure 15.—Synchiropus grinnelli, new species. Type.
and two large white basal blotches. Pectoral transparent, with
obscure whitish basally and two very imperfect whitish bars above
transversely. Ventral pale to whitish, with two dark blotches on
each ray, outer or subterminal darker, and fin edge narrowly white.
A handsome species with large orbits greatly exceeding length of
snout. Preopercular spine half length of orbit, ends in upturned
spine, besides another spine above slightly bent forward, but no
lower basal spine. The species is known by its peculiar physiognomy,
the greatly enlarged orbits, and bony broad triangular postorbital.
Dorsal and anal both with membranes notched marginally.
Type-—U.S.N.M. No. 99436. D. 5475. San Bernardino Light,
See We. Liommiles iat. 12°55’26’"°N., Jong:. 124°22’12/7 B.), “east
26 PROCEEDINGS OF ‘THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
coast of Luzon, San Bernardino Strait to San Miguel Bay. In 195
fathoms. June 24, 1909. [1699.] Length 118 mm.
(Named for the late Dr. Joseph Grinnell, of the Museum of Verte-
brate Zoology, Berkeley, Calif.)
Besides the above, there are several very handsome specimens of
the following:
SYNCHIROPUS OCELLATUS (Pallas)
Callionymus ocellatus Pauuas, Spicilegia zoologica, vol. 8, p. 25, pl. 4, figs. 1-3,
1770 (type locality: Amboina).—WeseEr, Siboga Expedition, vol. 57, Fische,
p. 524, 1913 (Beo; Kabaena Island; Ambon; Nusa Laut; Tiur).
Synchiropus ocellatus JonDAN and RicHARDsON, Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fisher., vol. 27,
p. 282, 1907 (1908) (Calayan).—Herre, Fishes Herre 1931 Philippine Exped.,
p. 94, 1934 (Dumaguete).
Callionymus punctulatus Lackrbpx, Histoire naturelle des poissons, vol. 2, pp.
328, 340, 1800 (type locality: No locality).
Three examples. Gubat Bay, Luzon. Tide pools. June 23,
1909. Length 31 to 73 mm. [1693, 1696.]
SYNCHIROPUS SPLENDIDUS (Herre)
Callionymus splendidus HERRE, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 32, p. 416, 1927 (type
locality, Bungau).— Wuit ey, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 16, No. 4, p. 222, pl.
17, figs. 1 a~b, 1927 (Hayman Island reef, Whitsunday Group, Great Barrier
Reef, Queensland).
Synchiropus splendidus Gruray, Mém. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belge, Hors sér.,
vol. 5, fase. 3, p. 84, 1933 (reference).
One example. Biri Channel. June 1, 1909. Dynamite. Length
70mm. [1545.]
Genus ELEUTHEROCHIR Bleeker
Eleutherochir BLEEKER, Versl. Meded. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, ser. 2, vol. 14,
p. 103, 1879. (Type, Callionymus opercularioides Bleeker, orthotypic.)
Brachycallionymus Herre and Myers, in Herre, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
vol. 49, p. 12, 1936. (Type, Brachycallionymus mirus Herre=Callionymus
opercularioides Bleeker, orthotypic.)
There is hardly any question that the small specimens named as
Brachycallionymus mirus Herre are the young of Eleutherochir opercu-
laris.
Eleutherochir differs from the other genera especially in its even
head with straight profile. The gill opening resembles that of Synchi-
ropus, but is larger and hidden under the opercle, which is extended
back in a free-pointed lobe.
ELEUTHEROCHIR OPERCULARIS (Valenciennes)
Callionymus opercularis VALENCIENNES, Histoire naturelle des poissons, vol. 12,
p. (228) 305, 1837 (type locality: ‘L’embouchure de la riviére d’Arian-
Coupan’’).—Day, Fishes of India, pt. 2, p. 8323, 1876 (Pondicherry; Madras).
—WEBER, Siboga Expedition, vol. 57, Fische, p. 522, 1918 (Menado; Ambon).
NEW PHILIPPINE CALLIONYMIDAE—FOWLER 27
Synchiropus opercularis Giuu, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1858, p. 130
(reference).—Hrrr#, Fishes Herre 1931 Philippine Expedition, p. 95, 1934
(Lemery).
Callionymus opercularioides BLEEKER, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indié, vol. 1, p.
(30) 32, 1850 (type locality: Padang, Sumatra).
Eleutherochir opercularioides BLEEKER, Versl. Meded. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam,
ser. 2, vol. 14, p. 103, 1879 (Sumatra; Bali; Celebes; Batjan; Ceram; Amboi-
na; Guebe).
Brachycallionymus mirus HERRE, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 49, p. 12, 1936
(type locality: Celebes; Philippines).
Two examples. Camp Overton, Mindanao. August 15, 1909.
Electric light. Length 24mm.
Nine examples. Malabang. May 21,1908. Electriclight. Length
20 to 23 mm.
One example. Nato. June 18, 1909. Electric light. Length 24
mm.
One example. Taal. February 20, 1909. Electric ight. Length
20 mm.
U.S.N.M. No. 98827. Romblon. March 25, 1908. Albatross
Collection. Length 16 mm. Paratypes of Brachycallionymus mirus.
Two examples.
U.S.N.M. No. 98828. Nasugbu, Batangas Province. January 15,
1908. Albatross Collection. Length 15 mm. Paratype of B.mirus.
22170. Davao, Mindanao. Seine 150 feet. May 16,1908. Length
59to85mm. Six examples.
20824. Lingayen Gulf, Luzon. May 11, 1909. Seine 500 feet.
Length 77 mm.
One example. Nasugbu, Luzon. Seine. January 16, 1908.
Length 52 mm.
13959. Paluan Bay, Mindoro. Seine 130 feet. December 11, 1908.
Length 37 to70mm. Three examples.
24132. Port San Vicente, Luzon. Seine 130 feet. November 18,
1908. Length 57 mm.
Two examples. San Vicente Harbor, Luzon shore. November 13,
1908. Seine. Length 54 to 59mm.
ELEUTHEROCHIR MCCADDENI, new species
Figure 16
9
Depth 7; head 3, width 14%. Snout 3% in head; eye 3, slightly
greater than snout; maxillary reaches opposite front of eye, entire;
mouth but little inclined from horizontal, mouth cleft with rictus
reaching halfway to eye, and lower jaw well protruded in front; teeth
fine, conic, simple, close set, villiform, very minute, and setininconspic-
uous narrow band above; lower teeth uniserial, rather large in com-
perison with upper, little curved in, situated along outer edge of
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
mandible and always visible, even in closed mouth; rami of mandible
well elevated inside mouth; no teeth on palate; tongue small, entire,
rounded and free in front; interorbital narrow, bony width two-fifths
of eye, flattened. Preopercular spine curved back and up terminally,
ends in strong spine, and two spines curved up and back on its upper
edge. Opercular flap extends well back on pectoral base.
Lateral line complete, little high at first, becomes axial along side of
tail.
D. IV-9, 1, spines not free, short, flexible, first 244 in total head
length, first ray 2; A. 10, 1, first ray 2%; caudal 3% in rest of fish,
8
mM.
H. W. F. del.
Ficure 16.—Eleutherochir mccaddeni, new species. Type.
rounded comvexly behind; least depth of caudal peduncle 34 in head;
pectoral 1%, rays 20; ventral rays I, 5, fin 1 in total head length.
Color in alcohol, back and upper surfaces dull brown, everywhere
more or less finely specked, dotted and spotted with darker, though
markings nowhere. much contrasted. On sides of head and opercle
they are larger, coarser, and fewer. All over back above traces of
dark ares and circles, nowhere prominent. Entire under surfaces
whitish, with dull-gray or brown tints. Eyes dark gray above, with
dark blotches and mottling, pale to whitish below. First dorsal gray
black, with some obscure pale blotches on first membrane. Second
dorsal pale, with two dark spots on each ray. Caudal pale or light
brown, with five transverse dark bars, last subterminal and empha-
NEW PHILIPPINE CALLIONYMIDAE—-FOWLER 29
sized with several blackish-brown spots. Anal transparent. Pectoral
pale, with four very slightly darker transverse bars above. Ventral
pale.
Philippines. Known chiefly by the long preopercle spine and white
color of the thorax.
Characterized by its dentition and especially by the long opercular
flap encroaching on the pectoral fin base. Ventral without upper
basal membrane connecting fin to lower outer part of pectoral. It
differs from Hleutherochir opercularis in the projecting lower jaw, the
crooked or arched terminal preopercular spine, narrower bony inter-
orbital, and pale ventrals.
Type —U.S.N.M. No. 994385. Hinunafigan Bay, Leyte. Seine.
July 30, 1909. Length 52 mm.
(Named for David McCadden, formerly taxidermist in the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, to whom I am indebted for many
American fishes.)
DICALLIONYMUS, new genus
Type.—Callionymus goramensis Bleeker.
Body elongate, slender, depressed anteriorly. Head moderate,
depressed, as seen from above tapering into rather narrowly triangular
muzzle. Snout nearly pyramidal. Eye rather large, well invading
upper profile of head, upper velum of eye invading pupil above.
Mouth protractile down and forward, jaws subequal or lower little
shorter. Maxillary reaches front of eye, entire. Teeth in villiform
bands in jaws. Interorbital very narrow bony frenum, between large
close-set eyes. Long preopercular spine 1% times eye in length; with
small basal denticle directed forward, terminal spine upturned and
with five others along its upper edge. Gill opening small slit, con-
cealed by opercular flap, which rounded and not reaching pectoral
base. Upper lateral line normal, along upper side of back; lower
lateral line extends only along lower side of tail, and like upper ex-
tended on caudal base. First dorsal spine elongate, filamentous,
reaches back well into middle of second dorsal. Last dorsal ray nearly
long as head and reaches well into caudal base. Edge of soft dorsal
entire. Anal with a slight notch along edge of each membrane.
Caudal but little longer than head, cuneate, lower median rays longest.
Pectoral broad, little shorter than head. Ventral longer than
pectoral, broad with inner membrane well connected up on pectoral
base. Anal papilla simple point. Coloration pale, variegated.
Distinguished from Synchiropus, with which it was later placed by
Bleeker, this genus is unique among the Callionymidae in the presence
of two lateral lines. It resembles Synchiropus in its gill openings.
(dis, two + Callionymus; with reference to the two lateral lines.)
30 PROCEEDINGS OF 'THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 90
DICALLIONYMUS GORAMENSIS (Bleeker)
Callionymus goramensis BLEEKER, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indié, vol. 15, p. 214,
1858 (type locality: Goram Island).
Synchiropus goramensis BLEEKER, Versl. Meded. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, ser. 2,
vol. 14, p. 101, 1879 (Goram).
Eleven examples. Pandanan Island. Seine 130 feet. March 23,
1909. Length 33 to 71 mm.
AMORINAB, new subfamily
Type genus.—Amora Gray.
Long tentacle above each eye. Gill opening behind preopercular
spine. Body spinulose. Two distinct dorsal fins.
Genus AMORA Gray
Amora Gray, Illustrations of Indian zoology, Hardwicke, vol. 2, pl. 90, fig. i,
1833-34. (Type Amora tentaculata Gray, monotypic.)
Anaora ‘Gray, ibid., in directions for arranging the plates. (Type, Amora
tentaculata Gray.)
Body moderately elongate, little broader than deep. Head large,
depressed moderately. Snout rather long. Eye large, elevated, but
little advanced in head length. Mouth terminally inferior. Above
each eye a filament, twice eye length. Gull opening behind pre-
opercular spine. First dorsal begins over gill opening, with four
spines, about high as second dorsal. Second dorsal with eight rays,
last branched. Anal similar with seven rays; also last branched.
Paired fins little shorter than head.
This genus, long overlooked, was originally established on the
colored figure published and named by Gray as Amora tentaculata.
Bleeker in 1879 appears to have been the last author that accepted it.
Though he diagnosed the genus he failed to call attention to any of the
specific characters, some of which are of sufficient importance to be
readily made out. He mentioned that the body is spinulose, and this
is better indicated by Gray’s figure la, giving a dorsal view. This
suggests that Callionymus fimbriatus Herre,’ described with short
conspicuous cutaneous filaments on the body, and otherwise largely
in agreement, is a synonym of Amora tentaculata Gray.
AMORA TENTACULATA Gray
Amora tentaculata Gray, Illustrations of Indian zoology, Hardwicke, vol. 2, pl.
90, figs. 1, a-b, 1883-384 (type locality: Amboina).—BLEExkeEr, Versl. Meded.
Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, ser. 2, vol. 14, p. 107, 1879 (reference).
Synchiropus tentaculatus Herre, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 35, p. 33, pl. 3, 1928
(type locality, Puerto Galera).
One example. Port Caltom. December 15, 1908. Caught in
seine. Length 46 mm.
5 The fishes of the Herre 1931 Philippine Expedition, p. 94, 1934 (type locality: Sitanki Reef).
NEW PHILIPPINE CALLIONYMIDAE—FOWLER 31
Two examples. Port Galera, Mindoro. June 9, 1908. Caught in
aseine. Length 36 to 48 mm.
One example. Romblon. March 26, 1908. Caught in seine.
Length 62 mm. [817].
19319. Sandakan Bay, Borneo. March 2, 1908. Caught in seine.
Length 39 mm.
[2158.] Great Tobea Island. Tide pool. December 15, 1909.
Length 42 mm.
DRACULINAE, new subfamily
Type genus.—Draculo Snyder.
Only one dorsal, corresponds to second dorsal of other genera.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1941
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 90 Washington : 1941 No. 3107
REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MOTHS OF THE
FAMILY OECOPHORIDAE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
NEW GENERA AND SPECIES
By J. F. Gates Cuarke
INTRODUCTION
Tuts study of the North American Oecophoridae was begun several
years ago at the suggestion of August Busck, of the United States Bu-
reau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. In the beginning I had
intended to do only a specific revision of the genera Agonopterix and
Depressaria. It soon became apparent, however, that it would be nec-
essary to study carefully all the species known from North America
together with many from other parts of the world. Hence this paper
has become a revision of the entire family.
In North America the family Oecophoridae comprises a large group
of small to medium-sized moths most of which are inconspicuously
colored. A few, however, are brilliantly marked. The moths are
chiefly nocturnal, but some may be seen flying about in the bright sun-
light. Because of their retiring habits they are seldom seen and are
_ best secured by rearing the larvae.
The majority of the Oecophoridae are leaf and flower feeders in the
larval stage. Those that feed in the inflorescence usually attack plants
of the family Umbelliferae, while the leaf feeders attack a large variety
of plants in many families. Some are forest insects.
Besides the leaf and flower feeders there are others that feed on
stored products, such as dried foods, bulbs, and tubers. Some are
scavengers and feed in the refuse occurring in the nests of mice and
birds. Some live in the cracks of bark, others beneath the bark where
286614—41——_1 oo
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
they feed either on refuse or bits of dried vegetable matter. One
(Martyrhilda sphaeralceae, new species) is a leaf miner.
Among the flower feeders the most important is Depressaria herac-
liana (Linnaeus) (the parsnip webworm), which does considerable
damage to commercially grown parsnips by destroying the flower-
heads and immature seeds. A closely related species, D. cinereo-
costella Clemens, has been recorded from caraway but is most
frequently found on closely related indigenous plants such as Siwm
lineare Michx.
Among the forest insects we find Agonopteria argillacea (Walsing-
ham), which has been reared in quantity from willow (Salix spp.).
The species of the genus Psilocorsis attack beech (Fagus grandifolia
Ehrh.), oak (Quercus spp.), and pecan (Carya pecan Aschers. &
Graebn.) and hickory (Carya ovata (Mill.) Koch). P. caryae, new
species, is of considerable importance in the South, where it is de-
structive to pecan. In the immediate vicinity of Washington, D. C.,
the larvae of P. faginella (Chambers) do a great deal of damage
to beech.
In addition we have the European Carcina quercana Fabricius,
which is an oak feeder and has been introduced on Vancouver
Island, British Columbia, and Machimia tentoriferella Clemens,
which feeds on Castanea, Juglans, Quercus, and Prunus.
The scavenger bulb moth, Hofmannophila pseudospretella (Stain-
ton), is recorded from stored bulbs and tubers of tulip, dahlia, and
gladiolus and from dried fruits and other stored products (see hosts
under species) and is a common pest in houses. It is found through-
out Europe and America and in New Zealand.
Endrosis lactella (Schiffermiiller) does considerable damage on the
Pacific coast and in Europe, feeding on stored cereals, fruits, and
other products.
The pupae are formed in debris, in leaves, or in hollow stalks and
do not protrude at the time of emergence of the moth. Many species
hibernate as adults.
Several species are of considerable economic importance. Notable
among these are H’ndrosis lactella (Schiffermiiller), Hofmannophila
pseudospretella (Stainton), and Depressaria heracliana (Linnaeus).
The distribution of the North American Oecophoridae appears to
center about the Southwestern States, particularly Arizona, Colorado,
and California. The genus Agonopteriz, the largest in the family, is
particularly well represented in western North America.
Since Busck? published his paper on the North American moths
of this family no attempt has been made to revise the group. He
1Busck, A., A generic revision of American moths of the family Oecophoridae, with
descriptions of new species. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, pp. 187—207, 1908.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 35
recognized 19 genera and 121 species of North American Oecophori-
dae. In the Barnes and McDunnough list? the authors followed
Busck in recognizing 19 genera but enumerated only 98 species, the
remainder being transferred to other families. Meyrick * recognized
17 North American genera and 104 species.
EXCLUSION OF UNRELATED FORMS
Within the family I recognize 22 genera and 117 North American
species. Six genera, 19 species, and 1 race are described as new in
this paper.
The genus #ndrosis is retained in the family with doubt. Busck *
transferred Triclonella to the Cosmopterygidae in 1932. I have re-
moved H'umeyrickia and Gerdana from the family and have placed
them in the families Ethmiidae and Blastobasidae, respectively. For
part of the species formerly placed in Borkhausenia I have erected the
genus Anoncia and have referred it to the Cosmopterygidae. For
Semioscopis acertella Busck I have erected the genus Antequera and
have placed it in the family Cosmopterygidae.
CHARACTERS OF THE FAMILY
Head usually smooth, with loosely appressed scales; often with
raised side tufts. Antenna simple to strongly ciliated, usually with
pecten on basal segment but frequently with pecten absent or slightly
developed. Labial palpus well developed, usually long, upwardly
curved, variously scaled; terminal segment acutely pointed. Maxil-
lary palpus short, filiform, appressed. Prothoracic and mesothoracic
legs normally slender, moderately long; posterior tibia with long rough
hairs above.
Fore wing with 12 veins (or 11 by coincidence of veins 7 and 8);
1b furcate at base; 1c always preserved, at least at margin; 7 and 8
stalked or coincident, 7 to costa, apex or termen.
Hind wing with eight veins or rarely seven by coincidence of veins
5 and 4 (£'ndrosis) ; veins 6 and 7 remote, subparallel; veins 3 and 4
normally stalked or connate (rarely separate); 8 free; 5 nearer to
4 than to 6 (except Oecophora and Mathildana).
Male genitalia symmetrical; harpe with or without clasper, base
of harpe broadly attached; sacculus well defined; cucullus rounded
or pointed except in Carcina, where it is greatly reduced and weakly
sclerotized. Anellus a simple plate or with moderately or well de-
veloped lateral processes. Aedeagus with very small “blind sac” or
? Barnes, W., and McDunnough, J., Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, pp.
160-162, 1917.
® Meyrick, E., in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, 1922.
‘Busck, A., Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 34, p. 19, 1932.
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
none. The entrance of the penis is dorsal, near the proximal end.
Vinculum bandlike or moderately produced. Gnathos present. Socii
and uncus present or absent. First and eighth segments simple or
with hair pencils.
Female genitalia: Ostium opening in median part of genital plate,
the latter simple or modified (Fabiola, Inga); signum present or
absent; abdomen weakly or strongly sclerotized; sometimes spinose.
The foregoing characters will serve to distinguish this family from
all other Lepidoptera except a few Blastobasidae and Ethmiidae. The
Blastobasidae may be separated from the Oecophoridae by the widely
separate veins 11 and 10 of the fore wing, the proximity of veins 2
to 10, and the thickening of the membrane below the costa (the “stigma”
of Zeller). Certain of the oecophorid genera have some of the char-
acters of the Blastobasidae while lacking others. Z’ndrosis possesses
a spinose abdomen, a character frequently encountered in the Blasto-
basidae,® but lacks the characters listed in the foregoing paragraph
as being typical of that family. The larva of Endrosis further sug-
gests Blastobasidae. The Ethmiidae may be distinguished from the
Oecophoridae (except Oecophora and Mathildana) by the proximity
of vein 5 to 6 of the hind wing; and the characteristic male genitalia,
which exhibit a primitive segmented type of harpe.
I have removed the genera Oecophora and Borkhausenia from our
American lists, as the only species formerly included are referable
to other genera.
For haydenella and pseudospretella I have resurrected the names
Chambersia Riley and Hofmannophila Spuler, respectively. For
ascriptella Busck I have erected the genus Carolana. I propose the
genus Mathildana for newmanella and have restricted Oecophora
to bractella and its congeners. I retain all these in the family
Oecophoridae.
Larva.'—With primary setae only (except in Apachea, which has
a few secondary hairs in group VII on most of the abdominal segments
and two or three on the prothoracic shield) ; three setae on prespiracular
shield of prothorax; setae [IV and V approximately and directly below
or (frequently) ventrocephalad of the spiracle on proleg-bearing seg-
ments; on eighth abdominal segment seta III usually dorsocephalad
of the spiracle, rarely directly above, never dorsocaudad or with a
5 The genera of the family fall into two groups on characters of the gnathos. Agonop-
teriz, Bibarrambla, Apachea, Depressaria, Semioscopis, Martyrhilda, Machimia, Himmacia,
and Psilocorsis fall into a group with a spiny gnathos. The remaining genera are without
spines on the gnathos. This suggests a division that may be of subfamily significance.
6The spinose abdomen is found in at least seven other oecophorid genera. They are
Martyringa, Borkhausenia, Hofmannophila, Carolana, Plewrota, Inga, and Semioscopis.
7 The setal characters of group VII should be used with caution as occasional abnormal
specimens occur in nearly all species. A hair may be missing from the group on either the
first or eighth abdominal segment, but only on one side of the insect. The opposite side
is nearly always normal.
a
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE Si
pigmented sclerotized ring surrounding the base of the tubercle; on
ninth abdominal segment seta I ventrocephalad of II, rarely approxi-
mate to IL (£ndrosis, Hofmannophila), usually about equidistant
from II and III, III much nearer to IV-V than to I, IV and V closely
approximate, VI rarely (Psélocorsis) on the same pinaculum with
IV-V, sometimes approximate to VII, VII unisetose. Legs and pro-
legs normal. Crochets in a complete circle, biordinal and, occa-
sionally, irregularly triordinal, never in a penellipse (or a ring broken
outwardly).
Head with adfrontals extending to incision of dorsal hind margin
of epicranium; frons not extending to incision of hind margin; a
longitudinal ridge always present; epicranial seta L' usually closer
to A? than A? is to A2, Ocelli normally six (reduced to 4 or 2 in
Hofmannophila and Endrosis), arranged approximately in a parallelo-
gram; 3 and 4 mostly in a straight line with 2 and 5; 3 and 4 closely
approximate.
Pupa—Smooth or pubescent. Body usually depressed. Epicranial
suture present; frontoclypeal suture not distinct for its entire length
or reaching the meson; maxillary palpi present, large, usually reach-
ing proximolateral angles of maxillae; caudal portions of antennae
lying adjacent on the meson, separating at their distal ends to expose
metathoracic legs; maxillae from one-half to two-thirds the length of
wings; labial palpi rarely exposed (#ndrosis). Prothoracic femora
sometimes exposed, often not. Abdomen with segments 4 to 6 movable
and with deep incisions between these segments on dorsal and ventral
surfaces; genital and anal openings slitlike in both sexes; no hooked
setae on ventral surface of ninth segment; cremaster absent or shortly
developed.
CLASSIFICATION
In the classification of this family venation, palpi, general habitus,
and genitalia have been employed in this revision. The genitalia are
especially helpful and have been used to separate species as well as
genera. I have found the anellus of the male genitalia to be particu-
larly useful, and in most cases it is possible to separate species as ‘well
as genera by this structure.
The palpi are normally useful in the separation of genera but in a
few cases cannot be relied upon. The eyes and vestiture of the head
may be useful taxonomically, and Meyrick laid great weight on the
length of the ciliation of the antennae, but the modifications of these
characters appear to be too gradual for safe generic differentiation and
have not been employed in this paper.
Venation is usually reliable within a genus, but occasionally unusual
venation is encountered. A large number of genera have nearly iden-
tical venation, but such cases are easily separable on genitalia or ex-
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
ternal characters. In a few the venation is unstable. This is par-
ticularly true of veins 2 and 3 of the fore wing of Seméoscopis and
veins 3 and 4 of the hind wings of Agonopterix and Depressaria. The
genitalia of these three genera distinguish them, however, from all
others. The species fall, with one or two exceptions, into natural
groups on habitus as well as on structure, so that the definition of
genera is comparatively simple.
In a few genera it is not entirely clear what we are dealing with.
For example, in Depressaria there are five distinct species groups,
which may actually represent separate genera. The leptotaeniae-mul-
tifidae group is especially interesting and represents a series of
“species” that may represent only simple Mendelian variants of one
species. As will be noted, in the proper place, all these except yakimae
are of practically the same color and have closely similar habits and
hosts, yet all have distinct genitalia.
In the genus Ps?locorsis it is particularly difficult to separate many
of the species (reflexella-faginella group), and here we are confronted
again with the problem of what actually constitutes a species.
These problems can be settled only by careful breeding, and in the
meantime we shall have to content ourselves with the supposition that
genitalic differences represent specific entities or genera depending on
their nature. Nevertheless, I strongly suspect that Mendelian varia-
tion may be transmitted to the genitalia as well as other structures and
that eventually we shall be able in most instances to use genitalic
characters for group separation only.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I wish to express my gratitude to August Busck, of the U. S. Bu-
reau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, for suggesting this most
interesting study and for much advice and help received through
correspondence while I was at Washington State College and since I
came to the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. To Dr.
R. L. Webster, Head of the Department of Zoology, Washington State
College, my sincere thanks are due for the use of his library and the
release from many duties which enabled me to do research and spend
much time in the field; to Carl Heinrich for the larval diagnoses and
notes and for many helpful suggestions and much useful criticism;
to Dr. J. McDunnough, Chief of the Division of Systematic En-
tomology, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada; to Dr.
Annette F. Braun, Cincinnati, Ohio; to H. H. Keifer, Department of
Agriculture, Sacramento, Calif.; and Mrs. Florence Blackmore, Vic-
toria, British Columbia, for much material lent for study; to Dr.
Lincoln Constance, Department of Botany, Washington State Col-
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 39
lege,® for his keen interest, the identification of host plants, and the
collection of very interesting material; to Dr. Harry F. Clements, of
the same department,’ who kindly arranged for greenhouse facilities
for rearing purposes; and to Miss Grace Val Sisler for much kind
help in cataloging and recording. In addition Dr. Braun kindly sub-
mitted notes on specimens in her collection and material for study. I
wish also to express my thanks to Nathan Banks, of the Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge; to E. 'T. Cresson, Jr.,,and J.A. G.
Rehn, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, for mak-
ing it possible for me to study types of Chambers and Clemens re-
spectively; and to the National Research Council for a grant-in-aid,
which enabled me to obtain needed equipment and supplies and to
take many field trips in Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.
The drawings for this paper were made by the author. Whenever
possible the genitalia were figured from the type, either male or
female, and where the type was not available, from paratypes or
authentically determined specimens. I have been able to examine
the genitalia, both male and female, of all the genotypes and of either
male or female, or both, of all the species of Agonopteria and De-
pressaria except A. endryopa (Meyrick), A. murmurans (Meyrick),
D. nymphidia Meyrick, D. corystopa Meyrick, Borkhausenia aciculata
Meyrick, and Paratheta astigmatica Meyrick. I am unable to recog-
nize these species.
For most of the Canadian records no reference is made to the sex
of the specimens. These records were sent to me by Dr. McDunnough.
The following keys to the genera include all genera discussed by
Busck (1908), with the addition of two old and six new genera
described in this paper.
ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE GENERA
1. Basal segment of antenna with pecten (figs. 3, 4, 6, 9, etc.)_----------- 2
Basal segment of antenna without pecten (figs. 7, 10, 14, i Setes) a ae 13
2. Second segment of labial palpus long, straight, porrect (fig. 6)
12. Pleurota (p. 230)
Second segment of labial palpus otherwise (figs. Bid O) ad Ua eee oS 3
3. Antenna longer than fore wing---------------------- 13. Carcina (p. 233)
Antenna shorter than fore wing_---------------------------------7-7 4
4. Veins 7 and 8 of fore wing coincident (fig. 55) ------ 16. Decantha (p. 241)
Veins 7 and 8 of fore wing not coincident__-------------------------- 5
5. Veins 2 and 3 of fore wing stalked (figs. 29, 44, 45)------------------- 6
Veins 2 and 3 of fore wing separate___._---------------------------- 8
6. Costa of fore wing arched; costa of hind wing arched, veins 4
and 5 well separated (figs. 29, 45)_------------------------------- 7
Costa of fore wing straight or slightly concave; costa of hind
wing concave, veins 4 and 5 closely approximate at bases
(fig 44) ee see ae eae see ae 2. Martyrhilda (p. 125)
8 Now at the Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, Calif.
® Now at the Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
40
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
7. Abdomen flattened; labial palpus with well-developed brush on
second segment; hind wing lobed at anal angle___ 1. Agonopterix (p
Abdomen not flattened; labial palpus without well-developed
brush on second segment; hind wing without lobe at anal angle.
3. Bibarrambla (p.
8. Costa of hind wing excavated (fig. 51)______________ 22. Endrosis (p.
Costa, of ‘hind wing not/excawated=: 9. er
9. Second segment of labial palpus with brush (figs. Eh SIG)e heat errr ee
Second segment of labial palpus without brush (fees aD ee ener at
10. Brush of labial palpus broadly triangular (ip G)2 oe 6. Apachea (p.
Brush of labial palpus not broadly triangular (fig. 11)
5. Depressaria (p.
11. Fore wing lanceolate, apex pointed; veins 3 and 4 of hind wing
stalked (ig: 4G) eT eM) a eee ORES 15. Carolana (p.
Fore wing not lanceolate, apex not pointed; veins 3 and 4 of
hind wing connate or closely approximate (figs :43 446). oe a
12. Veins 2 and 3 of fore wing remote (fig. 46)_______ 19. Chambersia (p.
Veins 2 and 3 of fore wing approximate (fig. 43)
21. Hofmannophila (p.
13. Fore wing: Veins 8 and 9 out of 7 (fig. 39)________ 11. Martyringa (p.
Fore witig: *Vein/O separates... fla Ano le. Oe Ee ae
14. Labial palpus with longitudinal stripes_____________ 9. Psilocorsis (p
Labial palpus without longitudinal stripes__...__._._____.___.___.____
15. Fore wing with veins 7 and 8 coincident (iy aie oes 17. Fabiola (p.
Fore wing with veins 7 and 8 otherwise____.___._..._...-__.. | __
16. Hind wing with vein 5 nearer to 6 than to 4 (fig. 50) 14. Mathildana (p.
Hind wing with vein 5 nearer to 4 than to 6_____________________.___
17. Discocellulars of hind wing strongly outwardly oblique between
Velns 4 and Ones le Soe kee lh ey ee 8. Himmacia (p.
Discocellulars not outwardly oblique between veins 4 and 6____________
18. Fore wing with vein 2 distant from 3 (figs 33, 47,00) sen 25. oe
Fore wing with vein 2 approximate (sometimes connate or
stalked with 3 in Semioscopis) to 8 (figs. 35, Sif) a mes Sp iy aie he eT ie
19. Costa of hind wing excavated (fig. 47)____________ 20. Epicallima (p.
Costa of hind wing not excavated (fige: 33. 56)ic el eee ee
20. Fore wing broad; termen straight (fig. 33)__________ 7. Machimia (p.
Fore wing narrow, pointed; termen confluent with inner margin
(igs 5G) a See eee A De a dance ee) 18. Schiffermiilleria (p.
21. Fore wing with costa and inner margin parallel; vein 11 from
middie of cell Gigii37) 2 Ge eh ee 10. Inga (p.
Fore wing with costa and inner margin strongly divergent; vein
11 from well before middle of cell (fig. 35)______ 4. Semioscopis (p.
KEY TO THE GENERA BASED ON MALE GENITALIA
1. Gnathos strongly spined (figs. 59, 62, 64, etc.)_____.__._.___..__._____
Guathos mot sped (ige:/60,°76, 78. etc). eee ee
2. Transtilla and anellus fused (fig. 86)_________________ 6. Apachea (p.
Transtilla and anellus not fused (figs. G25 64, Ober yerece. eeeeram clawed avn
3. Anellus with long, free lateral processes (fig. 70)_._.__ 7. Machimia (p.
Anellus without long, free lateral processes (figs: 59: 64 cereale. &
4. Uncus' well’ developed y(tigs..59, 64) 0-2-2 tose ee eee ee
Uncus absent, or if present, poorly developed (figs. 62, 65, 67, etc.)____
6. \Clasper: present: (fig) 64) one fe ene ee 8. Himmacia (p.
Clasper*absent /(fig 59) sores nak ee i al 9. Psilocorsis (p.
- 43)
198)
246)
217)
149)
10
197)
198)
202)
204)
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 41
. Sacculus extended as a furcate process or as a broad truncated
expansion with a small toothlike clasper; or vesica armed
with a forked or strongly curved single cornutus_ 4. Semioscopis (p. 149)
Sacculusiandeornutvionotas. abovem=!o25 toes 0s a see ae eee eee 7
7. Clasper absent or present; if present then the aedeagus twisted;
or sacculus with process from base; or aedeagus with basal
PROCESS fest) 3a LC MON A SS A ke 5. Depressaria (p. 163)
Clasper always present but without the above combinations
(G9s8/62),65) Gio 2. 5 5252 SO ORIG RS Soa oie ee Se 8
8. Clasper divided (figs67) S202 Stet ta a tae 2. Martyrhilda (p. 125)
Casper simple: (figs262,-65) 5 fe be 2 ee eS 9
9. Uncus and socii fused forming hood (fig. 65)_--.-- 3. Bibarrambla (p. 146)
Uncus (if present) and socii not fused (fig. 62)_--._ 1. Agonopterix (p. 43)
10. Anellus with lateral processes (figs. 60, 61, 62, etc.)___--_------------- 14
Anellus without lateral processes (figs. 69, 72, 78, 80)----------------- 11
ie Clasper present (figs: 78, SQ) 22 ee see caee SES EU LEE foe sue ee 12
Clasperabsent (Ges./69).72) Scere Be ay nes OU Ee Sa ae 13
12. Clasper concave distally; aedeagus coiled, bandlike basally
CEO a See) ets oh Sis EL RES 21. Hofmannophila (p. 258)
Clasper never concave distally; aedeagus never coiled or band-
hikeibasally "(figs7S0) Sa) ait as ee eee 10. Inga (p. 217)
13. Gnathos flat, broad, shovel-shaped; vinculum narrowly
rounded Gig 169): Us ata tis Se Gass 2b 15. Carolana (p. 239)
Gnathos narrowed distally; vinculum strongly produced an-
GeriOrh ya (Hosa) ee eee Se eS 11. Martyringa (p. 228)
14. Extension of sacculus with tuft of strong, curved setae (fig.
FN!) eS ACAD IR IE YL STL A i RGN EE a ee 13. Carcina (p. 233)
Sacculusswathout suchttultss sco2 cece ce Se I SEE Se as See 15
15. Sacculus with pointed, curved or nearly straight, free extension
(fissaGCOSGE GOS Es Hevea eae cae her a a are ee SU oe EES 16
Sacculus without such free extension (figs. 74, 76, 79, 82)___----------- 19
165 Vinculumispatulate:(fig 60) 222e% 2 soeeo esate 22. Endrosis (p. 262)
Vineculunmrounded: (igssi61,66)8)) ric 0 eee ek ee oee We
ivenvesica unarmed. (figiGla)xoiston iota sh eere teh oes 17. Fabiola (p. 244)
Wesiea stronglyanmed (Gigs/66a,/S lia) teu oe oe ee abc 18
18. Lateral processes of anellus flattened and expanded distally
GEG GG) ees ie Le el ee es Sea LT se Pie et 16. Decantha (p. 241)
Lateral processes of anellus not appreciably flattened; pointed
distallty, (hig s: Si) Been: We beeen on Wiarey Uixf bore ee 20. Epicallima (p. 254)
19. Vesica strongly armed (fig. 74a)_..._--.--------- 14. Mathildana (p. 236)
Wesica unarmed? (fics; 76a 07942 82a) mis Salen oe eee eK 20
20. Lateral processes of anellus sharply pointed; aedeagus small,
Weaks (Hes iOMLOa woo ona) zene se Meee a Oe Pee eee 21
Lateral processes of anellus dilated distally; aedeagus stout
CET PSG AB) ees ea te ee ate eget at 12. Pleurota (p. 230)
21. Lateral processes of anellus very broad basally; gnathos pointed
Chie asi BEA i 2h ETE neebe, Se dered Spe 2 ite 19. Chambersia (p. 252)
Lateral processes of anellus of about equal width throughout;
gnathos not pointed (fig. 82)___..._.----- 18. Schiffermiilleria (p. 246)
KEY TO THE GENERA BASED ON FEMALE GENITALIA
1. Anterior apophyses branched) (figs. 101; 116) 22.27 oe 2
Anterior apophyses not branched (figs. 95, 97, etc.) _------------------ 3
42
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
2. Ovipositor always extended after death; ductus bursae not con-
voluted! (fig. 216) p97. ah eget. ee a a ay. 22. Endrosis (p. 262)
Ovipositor not extended after death; ductus bursae convoluted
(Bios OL) Se a a a pe es 21. Hofmannophila (p. 258)
3. Bursa copulatrix single (figs. 97, 99, CL CS) peg Eh has at me Sipe Sines ae 4
Bursa copulatrix double (fig. 1105) 222222 fas bee 9. Psilocorsis (p. 204)
4. Ductus bursae with saclike evagination from ventral surface
(fig. 118) s2t22 oe bows 2 Be ee op ie ae 14. Mathildana (p. 236)
Ductus bursae without such evagination__..._........-....-_---.-.- 5
5. Inception of ductus seminalis at, or anterior to, middle of ductus
bursae(figs::87,.91. (95; (985 TWi5) foe eae a ee iL Lie eae 6
Inception of ductus seminalis posterior to middle of ductus
bursae, (figs: 109; 110, efe:) 3052 2h he ei be el ID aaa! 10
G. Signa séveral, (fig. 87) 422425522028 ie eee eee 2 12. Plevrota (p. 230)
Signum, if present, smplet. 02" i) oA ieee tas le ily eptla aed a
7. Signum a weakly developed toothed plate (figs. 91, 115)______.______- 8
Signum absent or, if present, not as above__________..-_..______-_--- 9
8. Ductus bursae membranous (fig. 115)___________ 19. Chambersia (p. 252)
Ductus bursae at least partly sclerotized (fig. 91)... 16. Decantha (p. 241)
9. Genital plate strongly convex, protruding (fig. 95)___-- 17. Fabiola (p. 244)
Genital plate convex but not protruding (figs. 98, 213-215)
18. Schiffermiilleria (p. 246)
10. Ductus bursae strongly sclerotized, broadened and somewhat
flattened posterior to inception of ductus seminalis (figs.
002923509) aoe Ee, 8 Ce RE So os RS a 11
Ductus bursae’ otherwise oS sal ag beh A ean 13
11. Signum present; sclerotized portion of ductus bursae armed
on;inner surface) (fig!) 99) oo oe a eee 20. Epicallima (p. 254)
Signum absent; ductus bursae unarmed (figs. 90, 92)____-..--_.____--- 12
12. Ostium protruding; ventroanterior edge strongly sclerotized
(fib? OO) ee 2 2 TENE ae k EA EP pee arin ie Aa 11. Martyringa (p. 228)
Ostium not protruding; ventroanterior edge membranous (fig.
ODN ee Sa Se TAO RRS. Der UTE ew ee 7. Machimia (p. 198)
13. Signum very large, broadly oval or elongate (fig. 100)
2. Martyrhilda (p. 125)
Signum, ifyoresent, otherwise teres: Pep) lh. oi plteceei 91h stale pee a ee 14
14.5 Signum! absenty (hes. 7890 229" 240 272) es. Fk ee eee 15
Signum present (698:)96}/102;,109ete;)s 20 {tig le Pa eee Se 16
15. Area surrounding ostial opening always membranous (figs. 89,
DOGS 2M O) Rae MeN ek a ale a a ha a 10. Inga (p. 217)
Area surrounding ostial opening always sclerotized (figs. 229,
DAO; CGC: erga pi ei ea By SPR) _ be Pig Ha 1. Agonopterix (part) (p. 48)
16. Genital plate dilated ventrolaterally; ostium transverse, slit-
like (fig $8)eusemsehen) calla ia. hor ably. sep ifmene. 32, 138. Carcina (p. 233)
Genitalplate otherwise. 22s: eee pe 17
17. Signum: a toothed plate; (figs:(102,1103, 100;/ete)i oa ble e eo t eee 18
Signum a small plate with median keel (fig. 110)__-_ 8. Himmacia (p. 202)
18. Ductus bursae armed with small teeth for much of its length
(io 9G) Es rege Bi ib a oe a ay A 15. Carolana (p. 239)
Ductus bursac-otherwises26 22000 2 ea ee ee eee 2 Se 19
19. Signum a distinct cross; ostium very large (fig. 94)... 6. Apachea (p. 197)
Signum and ostilim obherwiase es. 4 1: 55k ee ole ee ie ees cae BAG 20
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 43
20. Signum a moderately large plate with two or three large strong
teebha(digs 109) *. 4208 8 yea 8 el oes 3. Bibarrambla (p. 146)
Signim obherwises-- 2-4. Ss 1. Agonopterix (part) (p. 43);
5. Depressaria (p. 163); 4. Semioscopis (p. 149)
1. Genus AGONOPTERIX Hiibner
Puats 2, FicureE 13; Puare 6, Ficure 45; PLATE 8, FIGURES 62, 62a; PLATE 17,
Fiaure 103
Agonopteriz Hiner, Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge, p. 410, 1826.—
Pierce and MercaLre, The genitalia of the British Tineina, pp. 35-38, 1985.
(Genotype: Pyralis ocellana Fabricius, Systema entomologiae, p. 652, 1775.)
Agonopteryx Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 198, 1908.—WatsincHAm,
Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 4, pp. 135-136, 1912.— BARNES
and Buscxk, Contr. Lepid. North America, vol. 4, pp. 231-233, 1920.—Sasscrr,
Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 13, p. 183, 1920.—Braun, Proc. Acad. Nat Sci. Phila-
delphia, vol. 73, pt. 1, p. 10, 1921—Buscx, Can. Ent., vol. 53, pp. 277-278,
1921.—Forzes, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 68, pp. 236-241, 1923.—
CLARKE, Can. Ent., vol. 65, pp. 84-85, 1933—McDunnoucH, Can. Ent., vol.
67, pp. 74-75, 1985.
Agonopterys Ey, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 12, p. 68, 1910.
Agnopteryx BARNES and McDunNnovucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, p. 160, 1917.
Epeleustia HissNrer, Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge, p. 410, 1826.—
WALSINGHAM, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 136,
1912.—_ Myrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 180, p. 169, 1922.
(Genotype: Tinea hypericella Hiibner, Sammlung europiiischer Schmetter-
linge, vol. 8, fig. 441, 1796.)
Pinaris HiUBner, Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge, p. 411, 1826.—WALSING-
HAM, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lepidoptera-Heterccera, vol. 4, p. 135, 1912.—Mery-
RICK, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 169, 1922. (Genotype:
Tinea gilvella Hiibner, Sammlung europiiischer Schmetterlinge, vol. 8, fig. 96,
1796; synonym of Agonopterix arenella Schiffermiiller. )
Tichonia HUBner, Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge, p. 412, 1826.—WAzxsING-
HAM, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 186, 1912.—MeEy-
RICK, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 169, 1922. (Genotype:
Phalaenae Tineae atomella Schiffermiiller, Systematisches Verzeichniss der
Schmetterlinge der Wiener Gegend, p. 187, 1776.)
Haemylis TretIrscHKE, Die Schmetterlinge von Europa, vol. 9, p. 235, 1832.—
WALSINGHAM, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 136,
1912.—_Mryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 169, 1922.
(Genotype: Haemylis assimilella Treitschke, Die Schmetterlinge von Europa,
vol. 9, p. 259, 1832.)
Head with appressed scales; tongue developed; antenna ciliated or
simple; basal segment elongate, with pecten; labial palpus long, re-
curved; second segment with well-developed furrowed brush; terminal
segment shorter than (or rarely as long as) second segment, sometimes
roughly scaled, acute. Thorax smoothly scaled to strongly crested.
Fore wing elongate (narrow to moderately broad) ; 12 veins; 2 and 38
stalked ; 7 and 8 stalked; 7 to costa or apex.
at : PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Hind wing as wide as or wider than fore wing, with costa nearly
straight, termen evenly rounded; 8 veins; 3 and 4 connate or short-
stalked; 5 curved, approximate to 4; 6 and 7 subparallel. Abdomen
flattened.
Male genitalia—Harpe ample; clasper present, simple. Anellus
without well developed fingerlike processes. Vesica with or without
cornuti. Socii fleshy. Uncus reduced or lacking.
Female genitalia.—Bursa copulatrix with or without signum; ductus
bursae membranous throughout (except fulva).
Larva.—Ninth abdominal segment with setae I and II well separated
(I as near or nearer to III than to IT) : seta VI not on a single pinacu-
Jum with IV and V but not approximate to VII. Setal group VII
bisetose on first and seventh abdominal segments, unisetose on eighth
and ninth abdominal segments, normal (trisetose) on proleg-bearing
abdominal segments. Ocelli normal. Submentum without sclerotized
pit.
Pupa—Pubescent. Prothoracic femora and labial palpi not
exposed. Cremaster absent.
Remarks.—Agonopterix is a valid genus readily separable from
Depressaria, with which Meyrick and others continue to synonymize
it, and from Apachea. The stalking of veins 2 and 3 of the fore wing
in Agonopterix is constant and is associated with the absence of the
long lateral processes of the anellus so frequently encountered in
Depressaria and other oecophorid genera. The pattern of the fore
wings of Agonopterix always differs from that of Depressaria by en-
tirely lacking conspicuous longitudinal streaks such as are found in
the latter genus.
The moths of this genus, with the exception of one small group,
form an extremely compact assemblage of species, often difficult to
separate. The male genitalia are strikingly similar, species being
best separated on characters of the anellus, clasper, and aedeagus.
The anellus seems to be the most stable of the three and may suffice
for separation of species where the other two fail. The length of
the harpes (psoraliella and others) and the shape of the cucullus are
apt to vary considerably. (In preparing mounts of the genital
organs great care must be exercised to eliminate distortion and
shrinkage. )
The remaining species of the genus all have fingerlike claspers,
small, numerous, few, or no cornuti on the vesica, and all the females
have a closely similar type of genitalia with or without a signum.
The wing form varies from moderately narrow to broad, and the
palpus has a well-developed brush on the second segment. There
are, however, in this last large group, sections that show divergence
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 45
from the usual type. One section of the group, consisting of atro-
dorsella, scabella, pulvipennella, pteleae, and eupatoriiella, forms a
very closely knit complex. Another section, consisting of gelidella,
hyperella, lythrella, nubiferella, and arcuella, forms another com-
plex of species so closely related that separation on male genitalia
is difficult. The female genitalia, however, usually give good char-
acters, but where they fail larvae or host plants suffice to distinguish
the species.
In addition there are two species, fudva and arnicella, which have
become modified and represent offshoots from the type stock.
The remaining species form a group of very closely related forms.
Busck lists 89 species as belonging to this genus, one (plum-
merella) being described as new. The latter falls as a synonym of
eupatoriiella. In 1920 Meyrick™ described dryadowena (synonym
of costosa) and sciadopa (and proposed the new name testéfica for
the supposedly preoccupied hyperella Ely). That same year Barnes
and Busck #2 described pteleae, latipalpella, blacella, callosella, and
terinella, of which pteleae and latipalpella are valid species; blacella
falls as a synonym of argillacea, terinella falls to pallidella, and
callosella to sabulella. In 1921 Busck?* described blackmort (syno-
nym of costosa) and Braun * described nivalis, the latter being valid.
In 1926 Braun © added cogitata (synonym of canella), and in 1933 ** I
added serrae (synonym of pallidella). Keifer ™? added clarkez in 1936.
In the present paper I have transferred eight species to the new genus
Martyrhilda and have described eight species and one race as new,
bringing the total number of described species for our fauna to 44.
There are additional species on hand at the present time, but these
are represented by poor or unreared material, and I deem it inadvisa-
ble to add more names for these. When long or reared series can be
obtained, then, and then only, can we safely add new names. The
larvae of comparatively few of the species of this genus are known,
but those known are found attacking a large variety of plants. Many
larvae roll the leaves of the host plants and feed within the tube thus
formed; some are leaf tiers and others feed in webs in the inflores-
cence or leaves. Pupation occurs in debris on the ground or,
occasionally, in the leaf roll made by the larva.
1° Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 198, 1908.
4 Meyrick, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 2, p. 315, 1920.
12 Barnes and Busck, Contr. Lepid. North America, vol. 4, p. 231-233, 1920.
33 Busck, Can. Ent., vol. 53, p. 277, 1921.
14 Braun, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 73, pt. 1, p. 10, 1921.
% Braun, Can. Ent., vol. 58, p. 47, 1926.
16 Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 65, p. 84, 1933.
1% Keifer, Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci., vol. 35, p. 10, 1936.
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF AGONOPTERIX BASED ON COLORATION
1. Fore wing roughened with numerous raised scales_____________________ 2
Fore wing smooth or with few raised scales__.-._....._________.-______ 5
2. Fore wing light ochreous-brown with black markings__________________ 3
Fore wing ochreous-fuscous thickly mottled with black and
white) sealeg eh setiers _ pier ieee eet ee ee. AP ee PEN 2 4
3. A large blackish-fuscous spot at end of cell reaching costa
pteleae Barnes and Busck (p. 72)
Noeuch targeispot. 2 al a Se latipalpella Barnes and Busck (p. 118)
4. Terminal segment of labial palpus long, recurved
eupatoriiella (Chambers) (p. 74)
Terminal segment of labial palpus short, hardly recurved
scabella (Zeller) (p. 72)
5. Fore wing with crescentic discal dash before middle___.._.____________ 6
Hone win @rornerwisee nse oss re ee ee een. eee: aE 10
6. Fore wing predominantly grayish ochreous
curvilineella (Beutenmiiller) (p. 62)
Pore wing otherwise v2... #.fer tr ee Bae. Be ee ts ee 7
7. Discal spot at end of cell yellow or.cream colored__._....____________-- 8
Discal spot At End wr. ceuswutper 22 ue oe ee eee ads eee 9
8. Fore wing grayish lavender. _ 222-2). n ee. 2b ee hyperella Ely (p. 56)
Fore wing brownish purple____-__.-_-___-- lythrella (Walsingham) (p. 59)
9. Fore wing predominantly reddish purple___--- arcuella, new species (p. 58)
Fore, wing purplish, fuscous. 4-2 4 em i ets oS gelidella (Busck) (p. 55)
10. Fore wing some shade of ochreous or yellow__----------_--------____- 11
More WINE OUDCIWASE: <2 0 aoe Pola ee en et ee eae ee 5
11. Base of fore wing blackish fuscous-_-------- atrodorsella (Clemens) (p. 70)
Basevof forewing otherwise! Iversen ort ae Pie a a tae ai 12
12. Inner margin of fore wing immaculate, or with minute, incon-
spicugus: dark irrarations 2 ig ye Clegg SL Ele coh le Pree 14
Inner margin of fore wing with conspicuous dark markings____________ 13
13. Inner margin with fuscous subtornal blotch_ posticella (Walsingham) (p. 119)
Inner margin strongly suffused basally with blackish to reddish-
fUBCOUSIS DoS H os. 14 eee yee -Sapeelt flavicomella (Engel) (p. 105)
14. Third segment of labial palpus with at least two dark annuli__________ 18
Third segment of labial palpus with one or no dark annulus____________ 15
15.1 Outer disealispot TUSCOUS!.. tae Se Sa ee ee Ae ee ee ee ae 16
Outer discal spot: cream ‘colored*or yellow-- 2! 224 2 ls ee eee vee a
16. Abdomen suffused with fuscous beneath; terminal segment of
labial palpus with brownish-red subapical annulus
nubiferella (Walsingham) (p. 60)
Adbomen with black lateral line on each side beneath; terminal
segment with subapical annulus and apex blackish fuscous
sabulella (Walsingham) (p. 111)
17. Outer discal spot yellow; terminal segment of labial palpus fus-
cous with creamy-white median fascia; abdomen with black
lateral line on each side______-___---=_ dimorphella, new species (p. 97)
Outer discal spot cream colored; terminal segment of labial
palpus with apex and subapical annulus black; abdomen with
row of black spots on each side beneath_____ costosa (Haworth) (p. 113)
18. Outer discal spot absent or indistinct; subbasal annulus of third
segment of labial palpus brick red______---- robiniella (Packard) (p. 92)
LO:
21.
22.
23.
24.
26.
27.
28.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 47
Outer discal spot conspicuous; subbasal annulus of third segment
of labialspalpus' never brick-redss222_s2-csct ee 2022 LU eo 19
Outer discal spot preceded by an orange-red streak
thelmae, new species (p. 96)
Outer discal spot not preceded by any such streak____________________ 20
. Outer discal spot whitish or whitish ochreous___.-------------------- 21
Outeridiscal’spoti black or blackish fuscouss2 224 2224 oy ee ee 24
At basal third of fore wing two conspicuous black discal spots
surrounded by a pale ochreous shade-_-_-_--_-- lecontella (Clemens) (p. 94)
Discal spots at basal third of fore wing not surrounded by a pale
OCHTEOUSH Sac Cases aI RUERL AN ae ae SES ee SEE REO 2 Oe 22
Ground color of fore wing reddish ochreous; outer discal spot
WNC eR SITES US AT AT pulvipennella (Clemens) (p. 76)
Ground’colorfotherwisee ss 22. eau ani PGT i) Anas) REE LO pate eels 23
Ground color of fore wing whitish ochreous; outer discal spot
white-with black ring=222.-2=s+--s452= arnicella (Walsingham) (p. 90)
Ground color of fore wing pale grayish ochreous; outer discal
spot: sordid whitish:2U4 3.707 00n tay eiay argillacea (Walsingham) (p. 98)
Fore wing ochreous overlaid with reddish fuscous; third segment
of labial palpus with subbasal and supramedial annuli and tip
laches sake EAE He DMEM a ye es le BO fusciterminella, new species (p. 80)
Fore wing light ochreous irrorated with blackish fuscous and
shaded with fuscous; third segment of labial palpus with sub-
basal and supramedial annuli blackish fuscous, tip whitish
OcChreo sel Oma is Naty VES IOSD BAe AOR pallidella (Busck) (p. 88)
. Fore wing predominantly red, tawny-red or reddish brown____-------- 26
Horeswihevotherwisess35=22 2s 524 bso 22a UL ba Sk NE 33
Horeswingy tawny-redi = 222522428245 ss225== fulva (Walsingham) (p. 53)
HOTeRWANIPROCHERWISCS Ae S22) FRt Sunt ATEEAD 2 CUTE AT a EY ARE EAT, FES 27
Costa/of fore wing conspicuously grayish. os 5- 2228-22 Se eel 28
Costa. of fore wing *otherwiseile 2: _ Wet ar SSO ei ots es 29
Brush of second segment of labial palpus trumpet-shaped
antennariella, new species (p. 108)
Brush of second segment of labial palpus not trumpet-shaped
oregonensis, new species (p. 65)
29. Fore wing crimson-red irrorated with black and cinereous
30.
31.
32.
33.
scales; costa lighter, tawny-red_______- _ walsinghamella (Busck) (p. 78)
HORE twins yOvnerwise Sia soo SIE TRAC LOLI BAe AL 20 Lae et A 2 30
Hore swine ered dish browaee sss 222 Ajeet ee es ee 31
Fore wing ochreous-white suffused with reddish fuscous and
sparsely irrorated with black scaless.-. Sah) BA eee Poe sie 32
Third segment of labial palpus with subbasal and subapical
annuli and apex black; abdomen with a lateral row of black
spots on each side beneath___________ psoraliella (Walsingham) (p. 121)
Third segment of labial palpus with subbasal and subapical an-
nuli black; apex yellowish white; abdomen with four longi-
tudinal rows of fuscous spots beneath___ clemensella (Chambers) (p. 68)
Fore wing strongly suffused with reddish fuscous; discal spots
usually not sharply contrasted____.________-- rosaciliella (Busck) (p. 83)
Fore wing liberally sprinkled with fuscous to black scales, but
these and discal] spots usually sharply contrasted
echinopanicis, new subspecies (p. 86)
Hore: wingesomershade.or graye es a ee oe ee ee ee 34
Rorpawaliggollierwike see ue eet ee a ee Se ol ee 38
48
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44,
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Brush of second segment of labial palpus trumpet-shaped; fore
wing Javender-pray 22222222322 2 el ee nebulosa (Zeller) (p. 110)
Brush of second segment of labial palpus not trumpet-shaped;
forenwinpenotMavend Cra area ype cere ets wie eee he cee ke ere ee peeps ng 35
Fore wing without row of dark subterminal spots; ground color
gray, carmine tinted; third segment of labial palpus light
grayish ochreous with black apex and black spot near base
anteriorly 22. 22454 fe Ae ee a a le sanguinella (Busck) (p. 123)
Fore ‘wing and labial palpus otherwise. 222 J.242~ = a< See ee See | 36
Third segment of labial palpus with two conspicuous dark annuli______ 37
Third segment of labial palpus without conspicuous bands;
suffused with ochreous-gray outwardly_.__._ muricolorella (Busck) (p. 64)
Fore wing pale yellowish gray with rosy tint on apical third of
wing and on basal half of inner margin____- canadensis (Busck )(p. 104)
Fore wing ochreous-gray without rosy tint... senicionella (Busck) (p. 107)
Koreywingerayish fusequsss. 22252-0222 oe Dee tee a 39
Bore! wingiotherwise 22 2 ae kya Cs aa a oe eB ol es Ela 40
Fore wing without dark subterminal spots; third segment of
labial palpus with subbasal and supramedial annuli and tip
Dla: ug a ek 2) he oe ka later ot aot cajonensis, new species (p. 82)
Fore wing with dark subterminal spots; third segment with sub-
basal and supramedial annuli black; apex sordid whitish
novi-mundi (Walsingham) (p. 87)
Fore wing some shade of brown or fuscous_-_.--.-.------------------ 41
Fore wing luteous, infuscated; cilia fuscous, tipped with luteous
clarkei Keifer (p. 66)
Alariexpanse, 16—l7 mm 2220 22S tee a ee ee eae 42
Alariexpanse, Z0-25.mm 2 2 a 43
Fore wing violaceous-brown; apical third of terminal segment of labial
palpus black... 222 a 2 Use ee ees amyrisella (Busck) (p. 124)
Fore wing ochreous-brown; terminal segment of labial palpus with
subbasal and supramedial annuli black; apical third ochreous-white
amissella (Busck) (p. 117)
Fore wing light brown, without row of dark subterminal spots
pergandeella (Busck) (p. 116)
Fore wing brownish or ochreous-fuscous and with row of dark subter-
MINA SPOTS Sere Sh ek ea fe er yk ree ne 44
Third segment of labial palpus with basal three-fourths and apex black
nigrinotella (Busck) (p. 101)
Third segment of labial palpus with subbasal and supramedial annuli
and apex blackish fuscous___---------- costimacula, new species (p. 102)
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF AGONOPTERIX BASED ON MALE
GENITALIA
1. Clasper short, flattened, longitudinal; tegumen and socii strongly sclero-
IZ. GD) dee ee Se NS fulva (Walsingham) (p. 53)
Clasper not flattened and socii never appreciably sclerotized (figs. 153,
MRE COCCS) 7.28 (ite OR RIA eS a ea nt ae a ee 2
2. Socii small and widely separated; tegumen truncated (fig. 153)________ 3
Socii) and tegumen ‘otherwise (fig. 62). 2-2 22 7
3. Hairs of the transtillar lobes coarse and strong (fig. 156)__.._._------- 4
Hairs of the transtillar lobes fine and weak (fig. 153)__________________ 6
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 49
4. Coarse, strong hairs of the transtillar lobes three or less (fig. 156)______ 5
Coarse, strong hairs of transtillar lobes at least six
lythrella (Walsingham) (p. 59)
5. Clasper of harpe stout, curved (fig. 156)___.__________ hyperella Ely (p. 56)
Clasper of harpe stout, straight (fig. 154)____ arcuella, new species (p. 58)
6. Anellus broader than long (fig. 161)______ nubiferella (Walsingham) (p. 60)
Anellus longer than broad (fig. 153)-...-________ gelidella (Busck) (p. 55)
7. Costa and sacculus of harpe parallel; cucullus broad and rounded (fig.
1S G) ees tay eas al Se ay eS arnicella (Walsingham) (p. 90)
Costa and sacculus of harpe not parallel and cucullus not broad and
rounned (igs. 17, ToSxetes) 222 8 bo eat ay hal ys Bei | 8
8. Clasper attaining or reaching beyond costa of harpe (figs. 174,
ie OO Eee eet eo Sb oo eo eS ial dee eh 9
Clasper not attaining costa of harpe (figs. 169, 170, etc.)___-_________ 11
9. Clasper reaching beyond costa of harpe (figs. 177, 190)___---__________ 10
10.
te
12.
13.
14,
15.
16.
173
18.
19:
20.
Clasper not reaching beyond costa of harpe (fig. 174)
costimacula, new species (p. 102)
Harpe long, slender; posterior edge of anellus strongly concave
(Sigs 190) nee eet ee ee ee cess posticella (Walsingham) (p. 119)
Harpe broad; posterior edge of anellus nearly straight, with
shallow median cleft (fig. 177)_------- psoraliella (Walsingham) (p. 121)
Anellus broader than long (figs. 173, 183, 184, 185)__.________________ 12
Anellus longer than broad (figs. 181, 182, etc.)_.._._.___-___-________ 16
Acdeagcus/shorty stout (figs. 1S3a, 185a)esenun kote Ss Va pesiek ovten tit 13
Nedaerus OLNerwise. (25. ERG pik 2 agent ty eee ne Ee wm By oeelbligia 14
Posterior margin of anellus strongly convex, smooth (fig. 183)
pergandeella (Busck) (p. 116)
Posterior margin of anellus not strongly convex or smooth (fig.
185). eee Be nie he ole Cent healt nebulosa (Zeller) (p. 110)
Clasper very stout, nearly reaching costa of harpe (fig. 184).
costosa (Haworth) (p. 113)
Clasper slender, not reaching far beyond center of harpe (figs.
ADO asians 2s Se acre le Os te ehh bokveh at ool! 15
Clasper straight, with small basal protuberance; distal end ser-
rate: Gigigl(a)es: 24. Ses Jett been haat flavicomella (Engel) (p. 105)
Clasper hooked, without basal protuberance; distal end not
serraie (fig, Vos ert te bien Panes curvilineella (Beutenmiiller) (p. 62)
Clasper abruptly broadened at distal end (fig. 181)
sabulella (Walsingham) (p. 111)
(lasperjoubernmisene tems 2 on ee ee Ph. SPL eral opts seit 1
Lobes of anellus large, prominent (figs. 158, 159)___...__-___-________ 18
Lobes of anellus small, inconspicuous (figs. 169, 170, 176, 179)_-________ 30
Posterior margin of anellus distinctly concave (figs. 158, 159,
160) LOS e1G44qtGS) 180) 1S8S8)e fraadl se ttitni lo wei he coy yljuesle whee 19
Posterior margin of anellus not distinctly concave (figs. 162, 166,
1725 178, 182) 20h weed Le Abe enya aniinens Se oles te age ee 26
Clasper reaching well beyond middle of harpe (figs. 159, 160,
163,164 S180 eS) ae Oe OT nt oecencien ibang oat | 20
Clasper not reaching much beyond middle of harpe (figs. 158, 165)_____ 25
Aedeagus slender, sharply pointed (figs. 159a, 163a, 164a, 180a)_._____- 21
Acdeagusistoutiigssi60a, 188a)_ 235 AL Robie | 24
286614—41——2
50 PROCEHVINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
21. Anellus narrowed posteriorly; clasper very slender (fig. 159)
clemensella (Chambers) (p. 68)
Anellus not appreciably narrowed posteriorly; clasper strong
(figs! 163; SBOA) Se Po ee EE DEE 4 Si CRS «As rea, 22
22. Anellus with a narrow, biramous, strongly sclerotized median
Brats ota A Eee eee Lg 2 Lee ge pulvipennella (Clemens) (p. 76)
Anellus without such sclerotized area (figs. 163, 180)__________________ 23
23. Lateral lobes of anellus nearly attaining posterior edge of cen-
iraluplater(fige ‘1S0)eeee ee cajonensis, new species (p. 82)
Lateral lobes of anellus not nearly attaining posterior edge of
central plate (ie. 163) 25222222 2222 eee eupatoriiella (Chambers) (p. 74)
24. Anellus strongly constricted anteriorly; harpe abruptly narrowed
beyond clasper. (fig: 160). 22252-22255 -22 atrodorsella (Clemens) (p. 70)
Anellus not strongly constricted anteriorly and harpe not
abruptly narrowed beyond clasper (fig. 188)
latipalpella Barnes and Busck (p. 118)
25. Distal half of aedeagus much more slender than proximal half
(fig. 165a)ciad. Sharon eee ea walsinghamella (Busck) (p. 78)
Aedeagus of about equal thickness throughout its length (fig.
T58a) sit ee peels veh SIAR Ry Be muricolorella (Busck) (p. 64)
26. Clasper nearly attaining costa of harpe (figs. 162, 178)___________.--__ 27
Clasper not reaching much beyond middle of harpe (figs. 166,
172, A82) 5 (EE OEE ORE REY ree Presta 28
27. Posterior edge of anellus convex (fig. 178)_-___--_-_ clarkei Keifer (p. 66)
Posterior edge of anellus not convex (fig. 162)
pteleae Barnes and Busck (p. 72)
28. Aedeagus long, slender (fig. 166a)_..________- rosaciliella (Busck) (p. 83)
Aedeagus stouti(figs.: 172a;082a) rea ot Bue te DIU oui 29
29. Anellus with a narrow, longitudinal, weakly sclerotized median
area; cucullus rather pointed (fig. 182)_______- pallidella (Busck) (p. 88)
Anellus without such median area; cucullus rounded (fig. 172)
senicionella (Busck) (p. 107)
30. Clasper twisted (fig. 168)_.._..__._.._--_- novi-mundi (Walsingham) (p. 87)
Clasper not«twisted (fig: 167; ete)iiiod. nen! Joa ee Aes sek 31
31. Clasper reaching at least three-fourths of the way to costa of
harpe> (figs. 170, USi%)). {pape Ne ae Perri tae are: eee 32
Clasper reaching to or slightly beyond middle of harpe (fig. 167, ete.)_._ 34
32. Clasper straight(figs. 170) 187) 4.22 J3.2%. ta eeilopeet Sie saree oo
Clasper definitely curved distally (fig. 176)_._oregonensis, new species (p. 65)
Soo, GASSper Stoll tig. [Se ke ae ed amissella (Busck) (p. 117)
Clasper, slender dig. 170)@L. 200 ool teen nigrinotella (Busck) (p. 101)
34. Posterior edge of anellus concave (figs. 171, 179)_-_------------------ 35
Posterior edge of anellus not concave (figs. 167, 169, 175, 189)____.-___-_- 36
35. Clasper slender, reaching slightly beyond middle of harpe (fig.
171). OS BE ts ek ppm teeney oe fats Chat 8 argillacea (Walsingham) (p. 98)
Clasper stout, not reaching beyond middle of harpe (fig. 178)
dimorphella, new species (p. 97)
3G: Anellus nearly round (figs..169, 189)... ee a ee RE 3d
Anellus roughly rectangular (figs. 167, 175)_________-------------_...- 39
37. Posterior margin of anellus with shallow cleft; cucullus sharply
pointed, (figs 180) eee eos cs eee sanguinella (Busck) (p. 123)
Posterior margin of anellus without any trace of a median cleft;
eucullus: dull-pointed (ig? FG9)= << = ou 2 Ee anne i re 38
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 5
38. Cornuti fine, spiculate (fig. 169a)_-...._______ robiniella (Packard) (p. 92)
Cormuticoarse, small. Vss2 22S: aul fescue. thelmae, new species (p. 96)
39. Posterior margin of anellus distinctly convex (fig. 167)
fusciterminella, new species (p. 80)
Posterior margin of anellus not distinctly convex (fig. 175)
antennariella, new species (p. 108)
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF AGONOPTERIX BASED ON FEMALE
GENITALIA
1. Bursa copulatrix with signum (figs. 241, 255, 270, ete.)____...__.______ 5
Bursa copulatrix without signum (figs. 229, 240, 272)_________________ 2
2. Ductus bursae short, not much longer than bursa copulatrix
(Gig (eet pee oe amyrisella (Busck) (p. 124)
Ductus bursae much longer than bursa copulatrix____________________ 3
3. Anterior edge of genital plate convex, entire; ostium large,
ROUGH HPs et) =e eee ye oe eee ee hyperella Ely (p. 56)
Anterior edge of genital plate produced (figs. 229, 259A)_______________ 4
4. Produced margin of genital plate before ostium truncate; ostium
LOUNG Ihe 220) ees oo tees ee ee dimorphella, new species (p. 97)
Produced margin of genital plate before ostium strongly convex;
ostium broadly oval (fig. 259a)_--_----____- thelmae, new species (p. 96)
5. Signum minute, round; area posterior to ostium with two small
sclerotized patches (fig. 259)..........-___- robiniella (Packard) (p. 92)
Signum a small to large toothed or scobinate plate (figs. 242, 245,
ZOU pzOO CLC) econ ee eee ae te See ee Net ee eee nie ee 6
6. Ductus bursae with a large sclerotized patch adjacent to bursa
cCopulatrixa(ig. (248) os 22a k Se fulva (Walsingham) (p. 53)
Ductus bursae without such sclerotized area__-__________-___________ de
7. Anterior margin of genital plate cleft (figs. 230a, 249-253)______________ 8
Anterior margin of genital plate not cleft__.- = -- 2-2 = ee 13
8. Lobe of ovipositor clothed with spines (fig. 230)__.-clarkei Keifer (p. 66)
Lobe of ovipositor not clothed with spines (figs. 249-253)______________ 9
OC lentinanrown dies. sols 2a) suc See on Wee eee 1s melee eee 10
Cleft semicireular (igs, 249.250, 252). 2 ee See eee 11
10. Inception of ductus seminalis at the ostium (fig. 251)
pteleae Barnes and Busck (p. 72)
Inception of ductus seminalis a short distance before the ostium
(BO OOS ae ee he Seer ae ae pulvipennella (Clemens) (p. 76)
11. Anterior points of genital plate nearly touching (fig. 252).
atrodorsella (Clemens) (p. 70)
Anterior points of genital plate widely separated (figs. 249, 250)________ 12
12. Ostium occupying over half length of genital plate (fig. 249).
eupatoriiella (Chambers) (p. 74)
Ostium occupying less than half length of genital plate (fig. 250).
scabella (Zeller) (p. 72)
13. Genital plate with pronounced anteromedian ventral evagina-
Giony (hie saga) ee ee Be ER BE Aare eae Ree posticella (Walsingham) (p. 119)
Genital plate without such evagination_____...__-_.__....2.._______.. 14
14. Anterior margin of genital plate produced (figs. 255, 261, 265,
DOOM ee LU ees) see ee ee A re rs ee eee et eee 15
Anterior margin of genital plate not produced______-_-_-___-_..-____- 26
15. Production of margin as wide or nearly as wide as genital plate is
LON (HOA DON ZOO) Sok. sey Bed ee By I IN ok en et ee 16
Production of margin of genital plate narrower_____________________- a,
52
16.
ite
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24,
25.
26.
27.
28.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
QOstium large} round: (fig2/265)__- 0-8 debs nigrinotella (Busck) (p. 101)
Ostium spindle-shaped (transverse) (fig. 255) argillacea (Walsingham) (p. 98)
Ostial opening definitely in anterior half of genital plate (fig. 261).
costimacula, new species (p. 102)
Ostial opening not definitely in anterior half of genital plate
(figs.262, 268,.264:(266 0267; 268,. 269, 270):278) cos ea a ee 18
Ostial opening about middle of genital plate (figs. 266, 269)____________ 19
Ostial opening definitely in posterior half of genital plate (figs.
262,264,267; 268): 210, 203) 2c aes wee Mes OL ae She eee 20
Anterior to ostium a strongly sclerotized crescent-shaped bar;
posterior to ostium a small sclerotized rectangular area
(Eie 4269) oe oes et ke ey eee amissella (Busck) (p. 117)
Anterior to ostium an elongate, slightly curved, sclerotized mar-
gin; no sclerotized area posterior to ostium (fig. 266)
nebulosa (Zeller) (p. 110)
Signum distinctly 4-pointed (figs. 262, 264, 270, 273)___.____._-__.---__- 22
Signum not 4-pomted)(firs, 267,,.268) sot 2 ee as Se 8 21
Genita! plate broad, with a gently concave, narrow, sclerotized
anterior margin; ostial opening on extreme posterior edge
iigroe GS) hk Stk ee ee latipalpella Barnes and Busck (p. 118)
Genital plate narrow with a broad, convex anterior margin; ostial
opening not reaching extreme posterior edge of genital plate
(lig Dar eae Se a IG ee flavicomella (Engel) (p. 105)
Ostial opening occupying more than half length of genital
plate (igs 262 426520) ee ae be Rs pe ee 24
Ostial opening occupying half or less than half length of genital
plate (figs: 264; 27S) iis Jee se ee es eae re a 23
Signum large, with small, scattered teeth; lateral points much
larger than anterior and posterior points (fig. 273)
costosa (Haworth) (p. 118)
Signum small, with strong teeth; lateral, anterior, and posterior
points about equal in length (fig. 264) antennariella, new species (p. 108)
Posterior and anterior points of signum of about equal length
Mieco as) ci eae tees i oe Ea il gee eee senicionella (Busck) (p. 107)
Posterior and anterior points of unequal length (figs. 262, 270)_________ 25
Anterior point of signum longer than posterior point (fig. 262)
canadensis (Busck) (p. 104)
Anterior point of signum shorter than posterior point (fig.
Zi) ae, eR ss a ae a eae eT sabulella (Walsingham) (p. 111)
Signum situated in extreme anterior end of bursa copulatrix
(figs (2424 24S 245 2A, OTA) os ye NS a RAR ee ee eee eg 27
Signum not situated in extreme anterior end of bursa copula-
trix: (figs 2417 24805204206. 20%, 200) = sos ees eee eee eee eae ees 31
Ostial opening at extreme anterior margin of genital plate (fig.
5D) x aca 5s We a Sa Nenad aepces LD psoraliella (Walsingham) (p. 121)
Ostial opening not at anterior edge of genital plate (figs. 242,
243, 245, 247 ese ae 2 ee ae eee 28
Ostial opening at extreme posterior edge of genital plate (fig.
DAD ist eh ot nlulek RR Os, Get 2 OE EM clemensella (Chambers) (p. 68)
Ostial opening not at posterior edge of genital plate (figs. 243,
Da DAT) Am 8 Be a tN pee i 29
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—-CLARKE 53
29. At posterior end of ostium two small, sclerotized lateral areas
Ener A neo ee Eee per See Sse muricolorella (Busck) (p. 64)
No such sclerotized areas at posterior end of ostium (figs. 245,
PN NG Aa es af Bs RS a a eee Sean ees eee 30
30. Signum a distinctly 4-pointed plate (fig. 247a)..-. gelidella (Busck) (p. 55)
Signum irregular, not 4-pointed (fig. 245)
curvilineella (Beutenmiiller) (p. 62)
31. Ostial opening at extreme posterior edge of genital plate (fig.
DA) ee nes Be week ee ES kN Ses walsinghamella (Busck) (p. 78)
Ostial opening otherwise (figs. 244, 246, 256, 257, 258)___.__---------- 32
32. Bursa copulatrix symmetrical (figs. 244a, 256, 257, 258)__-_----------- 34
Bursa copulatrix distinctly asymmetrical (figs. 241, 246)_-------------- 33
33. Signum oval; ostium oval (fig. 246)_---------- arcuella, new species (p. 58)
Signum diamond-shaped, ostium elliptical (fig. 241)
oregonensis, new species (p. 65)
S4 soem large (128. 2448200) to oe oe ae ae le ee i en ee 35
Sronum small) (age: 200, 201) 22s. ne en ae eee eee ssa 36
35. Signum a 4-pointed plate (fig. 244a)__----- cajonensis, new species (p. 82)
Signum roughly diamond-shaped (fig. 258)
fusciterminella, new species (p. 80)
36. Signum bilobed (fig. 257) =. +2. rosaciliella (Busck) (p. 83)
Binnum Oval (ig, 200) cones oe eee pallidella (Busck) (p. 88)
AGONOPTERIX FULVA (Walsingham)
PLATE 25, Ficures 152, 152a; PLate 42, Ficure 248
Depressaria fulva WALSINGHAM, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 10, p. 175, 1882.—
Ri1ey, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5251, 1891.—
Busck, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 741, 1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus.
Bull. 52, No. 5871, 1903.—Kearrort, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, No. 6414, 1903.—Mryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc.
180, p. 176, 1922.—Garnr, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 324,
1939.
Agonoptery2 fulva (Walsingham) Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 198,
1908.—F ores, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 68, p. 240, 1923.
Agnopteryx fulva (Walsingham) Barnes and McDuNNOUGH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6453, 1917.
Agonopteria fulva (Walsingham) McDunnovueu, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8446, 1939.
Labial palpus with second segment tawny-red outwardly irrorated
with whitish and fuscous scales, whitish inwardly; third segment sor-
did whitish with a poorly defined narrow, light tawny-red subapical
band. Antenna pubescent, fuscous, narrowly and faintly annulated
with ochreous. Head, thorax, and ground color of fore wing tawny-
red; thorax suffused with fuscous and irrorated with white posteriorly ;
fore wing irrorated with fuscous and with a large fuscous shade at end
of cell; in the center of this shade is a white discal spot (absent in some
specimens) ; at extreme base of wing on inner angle a small transverse
whitish patch not reaching costa; veins, beyond cell, marked with fus-
cous scales; cilia grayish fuscous edged lightly with rosy red. Hind
o4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
wing and cilia grayish fuscous, the latter lightly edged with rosy red.
Legs whitish inwardly, overlaid outwardly with tawny-red and with a
rosy-red suffusion; tarsi fuscous narrowly annulated with whitish.
Abdomen grayish-fuscous above, whitish beneath, strongly overlaid
with fuscous.
Male genitalia—Strikingly different from those of any other de-
scribed North American species: Harpe only moderately clothed with
hairs at the cucullus and along the costal edge; sacculus deeply folded
and very strongly sclerotized; clasper short, flattened, longitudinal,
constricted at middle, broadly rounded at its extremity. Anellus
broadly oval, moderately sclerotized, with a deep excavation on the
posterior edge. Vinculum broadly rounded. Aedeagus sharply bent
near the middle, slender, dilated at the distal end; armed with many
short, stout, cornuti. Tegumen strongly sclerotized, more so along
the ventral edges. Socii strongly sclerotized fiaps, very sparsely
clothed with hairs. Gnathos a small, round, spined knob.
Female genitalia.—Genital plate broad, strongly sclerotized except
for a narrow, median, longitudinal membranous portion posterior to
ostium. Ostium large with deeply concave anterior edge, and open-
ing near anterior edge of genital plate. Ductus bursae membranous
except for a large sclerotized patch adjacent to bursa copulatrix and
a short portion before ostium; anterior to the latter the ductus bursae
is constricted at the inception of the ductus seminalis. Signum a
small, irregular sclerotized plate.
Alar expanse, 22-24 mm.
Type.—tIn the United States National Museum.
Type locality —Not designated.
Food plant—Unknown.
Distribution—Rocky Mountains region of the United States and
Canada, and eastern Canada.
United States records
Arizona: White Mountains, Apache County, near McNary P. O., @ (1-15-I-X-25,
O. C. Poling).
Canadian records
Alberta: “Head of Pine Creek,” Calgary, ¢ (VIII-5-05, F. H. Wolley-Dod).
British Columbia: Jesmond, ¢ (2-VIII-1987, J. K. Jacob).
New Brunswick: Fredericktown, ¢ (“August 20”).
Ontario: Stittsville, ¢, 2 (21—-VIII-1939, HE. G. Lester).
I have seen other specimens without locality labels.
Remarks.—An. easily recognizable species not to be confused with
any other described from North America.
The type, which is before me, shows only a single white scale in the
single discal spot at the end of the cell as described by Walsingham,
but a “homotype” from Alberta, which is clearly this species, shows a
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 55
well-defined spot at the end of the cell. A third specimen, from
Beutenmiiller’s collection, has only a few blackish scales suggesting
this same spot.
The female from Arizona, which I have identified as this species,
undoubtedly belongs here.
AGONOPTERIX GELIDELLA (Busck)
PLATE 25, Ficures 153, 1538a; Puate 42, Ficures 247, 247a
Depressaria gelidella BuscK, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 9, p. 90, 1908.—
MEYRICK, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 177, 1922.—GarnpE,
in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 325, 1939.
Agonopteryx gelidella Buscx, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 198, 1908.
Agnopteryx gelidella (Busck) Barnes and McDunnovuen, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6450, 1917.
Agonopterix gelidella (Busck) McDuNnNoucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8451, 1939.
Labial palpus yellowish white; second segment purplish black out-
wardly tinged with carmine; third segment strongly suffused with
purplish black anteriorly, tip white. Antenna purplish black on
basal segment, remainder fuscous. Head grayish fuscous. Thorax
purplish gray; tegula purplish black tipped with whitish. Ground
color of fore wing dark purplish fuscous, sparsely irrorated with
black; near base, from inner margin, a transverse yellowish-white
streak, not reaching costa; on the disk, at basal third, a crescent-
shaped black dash with a few carmine scales mixed and followed by
a white patch; at the end of cell a white spot edged with black; costa
faintly spotted with whitish; from costa a poorly defined, narrow,
outwardly curved whitish line to inner margin before tornus; around
termen a series of blackish-fuscous spots forming an almost continu-
ous fine line before cilia; inner margin and apical portion of wing
carmine tinted; cilia grayish fuscous. Hind wing yellowish fuscous;
cilia light fuscous with considerable white mixed. Legs yellowish
white inwardly, purplish black outwardly. Abdomen grayish fuscous
above, yellowish white beneath, suffused and irrorated with fuscous
and with a longitudinal row of black spots on each side.
Male genitalia—Harpe only weakly sclerotized and moderately
clothed with hairs; cucullus rounded; clasper very stout, somewhat
dilated distally; outer edge rough; reaching two-thirds distance to-
ward costa. Anellus narrow, longer than broad, roughly rectangular,
emarginate on the posterior edge; lateral lobes weak. Vinculum
broad, rounded. Aedeagus moderately stout, gently curved and ter-
minating in a sharp upturned point; just before middle a forked
sclerotized arm by which it is attached to the anellus. Transtilla a
weakly sclerotized band with large, hairy lateral lobes, the hairs fine
56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
and weak. Gnathos an oval, spined knob. Socii very small, widely
separated, sparsely clothed with fine hairs. Tegumen truncated.
Female genitalia—Genital plate broad with a row of strong hairs
on posterior margin. Ostium large, round, nearer to anterior than
to posterior edge; anterior edge well sclerotized. Ductus bursae long,
rather stout, constricted just before ostium at inception of ductus
seminalis. Bursa copulatrix large with a well developed 4-pointed
signum in the anterior end.
Alar expanse, 19-20 mm.
Type.—tIn the United States National Museum.
Type locality—Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A. W. Hanham)
Distribution.—Alberta, eastward to Ontario.
Canadian records
Alberta: Nordegg, ¢ (1—-VIII-1921, J. McDunnough).
Manitoba: Winnipeg, 2 ¢ 3 (no date, A. W. Hanham).
Ontario: Ottawa, ¢, 2 (9 -VII-1905, 25-VII-1906, C. H. Young); Trenton, ¢
(27-VI-1911, Evans).
Saskatchewan: Earl Grey, ¢@ (24-VII-1925, J. D. Ritchie) ; Indian Head, 9
(3-VIII-1925, J. J. de Gryse).
eemarks.—This and the following species are similar in pattern
to the European conterminella (Zeller).
The abdomen of the type is missing, but I do not hesitate to place
the series before me under this name.
Through the courtesy of Dr. McDunnough I have been able to
dissect one of the only two females I have seen and have figured the
genitalia.
This species has been recorded from British Columbia, but all
specimens so determined are referable to oregonensis (new species).
AGONOPTERIX HYPERELLA Ely
PLATE 25, Ficures 156, 156a; Pate 42, Ficurr 240
Agonopterys hyperella Ety, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 12, p. 68, 1910.
Agonopteryr hyperella (Ely) Forses, Cornell Uniy. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68,
p. 240, 1923.
Agonopteriz hyperella (Ely) McDuNnNouaH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8438, 1939.
Agnopteryx hyperella (Ely) BARNES and McDuNNouGH, Check list of the Lepi-
doptera of Boreal America, No. 6457, 1917.
Depressaria testifica Mryrick, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 2, p. 316, 1920; in
Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 176, 1922. (New synonymy.)
(Not Agonopteryxr hyperella McDunnough, Can. Ent., vol. 67, p. 74, 1935.)
Labial palpus creamy white, exteriorly heavily overlaid with
fuscous; third segment with a broad black subapical annulation.
Antenna dark purplish fuscous annulated with gray. Head creamy
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 57
white in front, grayish above. Thorax lavender-gray overlaid with
cinereous to white scales. Fore wing dark grayish lavender shaded
with yellowish brown, especially toward inner margin; at base of
wing, from inner angle almost to costa, a transverse yellowish line
preceded by two black spots, one near costa, the other at inner angle;
in center of cell a black crescent-shaped dash margined with yellowish
brown and followed by a grayish shade; between the upper point of
this dash and the costa a small black spot similarly edged with yel-
lowish brown; at the end of cell a conspicuous, though small, cream-
colored or yellowish spot edged with brown and preceded and fol-
lowed with a few scattered black scales; costa somewhat strigulated
with fuscous and grayish; around termen, at base of cilia, a thin
fuscous to black line; cilia light purplish fuscous mixed with gray.
Hind wing smoky fuscous; cilia somewhat more brownish with a
fuscous basal band. Legs creamy white to yellowish shaded with
fuscous exteriorly except at joints. Abdomen grayish fuscous above;
beneath, yellowish overlaid with fuscous and with indistinct black
lateral lines.
Male genitalia—Harpe slender, moderately clothed with fine hairs;
clasper very stout, gently curved inwardly, its outer edge rugose;
cucullus bluntly pointed; sacculus short, broadly folded. Anellus
deeply incised on posterior margin, concave laterally; lateral lobes
scarcely developed. Aedeagus curved, pointed, with a short ventral
arm which articulates with the anellus; vesica armed with fine
cornuti. Vinculum rounded. Transtilla a narrow sclerotized band
with well-developed lateral lobes; each lateral lobe bears three long,
stout hairs. Gnathos a spined oval knob. Socii small, widely sepa-
rated. 'Tegumen truncated.
Female genitalia—Genital plate broad, moderately sclerotized;
anterior edge convex, entire. Ostium large, round; at center of
genital plate. Ductus bursae membranous; inception of ductus semi-
nalis shortly before ostium. Bursa copulatrix without signum.
Alar expanse, 15-18 mm.
Type.—tiIn the United States National Museum.
Type localities—Great Falls, Md., and Great Falls, Va.
Food plant—Hypericum prolificum L.
Distribution—Middle Atlantic States.
United States records
Maryland: Great Falls, 2 ¢ 4, 2 (V-26-09, Chas. R. Ely) ; Plummers Island, ¢
(V-30-09, Chas, R. Ely).
Virginia: Great Falls, 2 (V-31-10, Chas. R. Ely).
Remarks.—Meyrick proposed testifica in place of hyperella think-
ing that the latter name was intended for hypericella of Hiibner and
further states that Ayperella is preoccupied by hypericella. Ely’s
58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 90
species is distinct from the European hypericella, and hyperella is not
invalidated by Hibner’s name. I, therefore, reinstate Ely’s species
and sink Meyrick’s name.
The stout, gently recurved clasper of hyperella distinguishes it from
both lythrella and arcuella. The clasper of lythrella is slender and
straight, and that of arcuella is stout and straight. The separation
of lythrella from gelidella is discussed under lythrella. The females,
however, give the best characters for separating hyperella from
arcuella, ‘The signum is present in arcuella, absent in hyperella.
AGONOPTERIX ARCUELLA, new species
PLATE 25, Fiaure 154; Prater 42, Ficure 246
Agonopteryz hyperella McDuNNovucH [not Ely], Can. Ent., vol. 67, p. 74, 1935.
A small reddish-purple species closely related to the foregoing two
and to the following species.
Head yellowish ochreous, mixed with golden-brown; labial palpus
whitish ochreous; brush of the second segment narrow, heavily over-
laid with reddish purple and black outwardly and beneath; terminal
segment thickened, reddish purple and black exteriorly, with incom-
plete reddish-purple basal and subapical annuli; antenna with basal
segment blackish fuscous, with narrow ochreous apical annulus;
remainder of antenna fuscous, ochreous annulated, and the whole
with a purplish sheen.
Thorax strongly crested, yellowish ochreous mixed with golden-
brown; tegula and crest yellowish purple, the former strongly shaded
with fuscous. Ground color of fore wing reddish purple strongly
suffused with fuscous along costa and at base; the fuscous basal shad-
ing terminated by a sharply contrasting, narrow, whitish ochreous
line and including a sharply contrasted black spot near dorsal edge;
another similar black spot at base of radius; costa strigulated with
whitish and carmine; at basal third an outwardly curved black cres-
cent preceded by carmine and followed by whitish scales; discal spot
at end of cell white; from middle of costa to center of wing a strong
whitish shading econ costa; at apical third an indistinct Paseia out-
wardly curved to between veins 6 and 7, then turned back, parallel
to termen, nearly to dorsum; cilia purplish fuscous, es tipped,
with black basal line from veins 3 to 7. Hind wing brownish fus-
cous; cilia a shade lighter with dark subbasal and light basal line;
underside with strong black line at base of cilia. Legs blackish fus-
cous, with whitish outwardly on femora and reddish purple on tibiae
and tarsi; tarsi annulated yellowish ochreous. Abdomen fuscous
with much yellowish ochreous beneath.
Male genitalia—Harpe moderately sclerotized and sparsely clothed
with hairs; cucullus rounded; clasper stout, straight, rugose on outer
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 59
edge; anellus roughly oval, emarginate on posterior edge; lateral
lobes undeveloped; aedeagus stout, pointed, slightly curved, with
large spinulate patch. Vinculum rounded. ‘Transtilla a sclerotized
band with large lateral lobes, the latter with few strong, coarse hairs.
Gnathos an oval spined knob. Socii small, widely separated, with
few hairs. Tegumen truncated.
Female genitalia—Ostium large, oval at about center of genital
plate; genital plate membranous or sclerotized posterior to ostium;
ductus bursae long, membranous, slightly dilated at point of inception
of ductus seminalis; bursa copulatrix large, asymmetrical, bulging on
left side; oval, with oval, spined signum.
Alar expanse, 16-18 mm.
Type.—tIn the Canadian National Collection.
Paratypes—U. S. N. M. No. 52078. Also in Canadian National
Collection and collection of Dr. A. F. Braun.
Type locality —White Point Beach, Queens County, Nova Scotia.
Food plant —Hypericum virginicum L.
Remarks.—Described from the ¢ type, 16¢ ¢ and 102 2 para-
types all from White Point Beach, Queens County, Nova Scotia
(VIII-7 to 13-34, J. McDunnough) ;23 ¢, 2, Sparrow Lake, Ontario
(VII-1-26, A. F. Braun); ¢, Black Mountains, North Carolina
(“VII-20”).
McDunnough misidentified this species and reported it under the
name A. hyperella Ely. In addition to the above I now have two
specimens from Chamcook, New Brunswick, Canada (4-5-VITI-1928,
T. N. Freeman; Rf. Hypericum sp.) submitted by Dr. J. McDunnough,
and three specimens from Orrington, Maine (24-VII-1922, A. C.
Ward; Rf. Hypericum sp.), submitted by J. V. Schaffner.
AGONOPTERIX LYTHRELLA (Walsingham)
PLATE 25, Ficure 155
Depressaria lythrella WALSINGHAM, Ins. Life, vol 1, p. 257, 1889.—Buscxk, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 744, 1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52,
No. 5879, 19808.—Kparrott, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, No. 6422, 1903—Meryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase.
180, p. 176, 1922—Garpr, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 332,
1939.
Agonopteryx lythrella (Walsingham) Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat Mus., vol. 35, p.
199, 1908.—Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 68, p. 240, 1923.
Agonopteriz lythrella (Walsingham) McDuNNouGH, Check list of the Lepidop-
tera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8487, 1939.
Agnopteryx lythrella (Walsingham) Barnes and McDunnovueH, Check list of
the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6468, 1917.—Brimtey, The Insects
of North Carolina, p. 304, 1938.
60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Labial palpus yellowish mottled exteriorly with purplish fuscous;
third segment with indistinct basal and subapical fuscous annuli.
Antenna fuscous broadly annulated with tawny. Head and thorax
cinereous, the former with a fuscous median shade, the latter irrorated
with purplish fuscous; tegula purplish fuscous. Fore wing brownish
purple dusted with fuscous and with much cinereous scaling along
costa; at base, from inner angle almost to costa a narrow, cream-
colored, transverse line preceded at inner angle by a distinct black
spot; on disk, before middle, a short outwardly curved, black
crescent-shaped dash edged with reddish and followed by cinereous;
at end of cell a small cream-colored spot edged with fuscous; from
costa to termen at apical third a more or less distinct cinereous fascia;
inner margin narrowly shaded with reddish; around termen, at base
of cilia, a narrow blackish-fuscous line; cilia purplish gray. Hind
wing and cilia brownish gray, the latter edged with cinereous. Legs
cream-colored strongly overlaid and irrorated exteriorly with pur-
plish fuscous except at joints. Abdomen purplish gray above;
beneath, cream-colored strongly suffused and overlaid with purplish
fuscous.
Alar expanse, 13-18 mm.
Type.—In the British Museum.
Type locality —‘linois.”
Food plant—Lythrum alatwm Pursh.
Distribution.—Eastern United States.
United States records
Tllinois.
North Carolina: Black Mountains (July 20, from larvae).
Remarks.—The male genitalia of this species are nearly identical
with those of hyperella, arcuella, nubiferella, and gelidella. The
clasper of the harpe (fig. 155), however, is much more slender than
that of any of the other four. Each of the hairy lobes of the
transtilla bears about half a dozen strong hairs. In hyperella and
arcuella there are only two or three hairs and in ge/idella the hairs
are numerous but weak. I have not seen the female genitalia of this
species. All females examined are without abdomens.
AGONOPTERIX NUBIFERELLA (Walsingham)
PLATE 26, Ficures 161, 161a
Depressaria nubiferella WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 316,
pl. 36, fig. 6—Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 745, 1802; in Dyar,
U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5881, 1908.—Kerarrort, in Smith, List of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No 6424, 1903.—Buscx, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 27, p. 764, 1904.—Meryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180,
p. 176, 1922.—Garpz, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 335, 1939.
Agonopteryx nubiferella (Walsingham) Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35,
p. 199, 1908.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 61
Agonopteriz nubiferella (Walsingham) McDunNovueH, Check list of the Lepi-
doptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidop-
tera), No. 8450, 1939.
Agnopteryx nubiferella (Walsingham) Barnes and McDuNNoueH, Check list of
the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6470, 1917.
Labial palpus light ochreous, second segment overlaid with brownish
red exteriorly ; third segment with subapical annulus of the same color.
Antenna fuscous with slight reddish luster. Head, thorax, and ground
color of fore wing ochreous; tegula and anterior part of thorax over-
laid with brownish red. Extreme base, except costa, of fore wing
unmarked, remainder of wing suffused with brownish red and irrorated
with scattered fuscous scales; from costa, across end of cell, almost to
inner margin, a dark brownish-red shade with a fuscous central discal
dot; this shade is preceded by two more or less distinct brownish-red
discal dots, obliquely one above the other; along costa a series of red-
dish-fuscous spots; around termen, at base of cilia, a line of the same
color; cilia ochreous, shaded with brownish red. Hind wing grayish
fuscous; cilia yellowish basally, grayish fuscous apically. Legs light
ochreous; anterior and median pair strongly overlaid with reddish
fuscous except at joints; posterior legs irrorated and suffused with
light fuscous except at joints. Abdomen ochreous overlaid with
fuscous beneath.
Male genitalia.—Harpe clothed with rather coarse hairs; cucullus
rounded; clasper short, reaching just beyond middle, but very stout,
bluntly pointed. Anellus a lightly sclerotized plate, broader than long,
indented at the posterior edge; lateral lobes undeveloped. Vinculum
rounded. Aedeagus stout, dorsoventrally depressed, with a slightly
upturned point; near the base is a bifid plate by which the aedeagus
articulates with the anellus. Transtilla a narrow band with large,
hairy lateral lobes, the hairs fine and weak. Gnathos an oval spined
knob. Socii very small, widely separated, and sparsely clothed with
fine hairs. Tegumen truncated.
Alar expanse, 18-20 mm.
Type.—tn the British Museum.
Type locality —Rogue River, Oreg.
Food plant—Hypericum perforatum L. (The Hypericum referred
to by Walsingham is probably this species also.)
Distribution.—Western United States and Canada.
United States records
California: Mendocino and Shasta Counties (June and July 1871, Walsingham).
Idaho: Lapwai (V—28 to 1-VI-35, J. F. G. Clarke [reared] ).
Oregon: Rogue River.
Washington: Logan Hill, Chehalis (IX-8-29, T. M. Clarke); Pullman
(VII-24-98 and VIII-10-98, C. V. Piper).
62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Canadian records
British Columbia: Shawnigan Lake, Vancouver Island (VII-14-23, HE. H.
Blackmore).
Remarks.—This and the four foregoing species all have very sim-
ilar genitalia, but nubzferella has distinctly narrower harpes than the
others and is widely different in pattern and coloration.
All the specimens I have seen are males. The California and Oregon
specimens (including cotypes) are all considerably lighter in colora-
tion than specimens from Washington, Idaho, and British Columbia.
The northern specimens may represent a species distinct from that rep-
resented by the California and Oregon specimens, presenting a par-
allel case with that of arcuella and hyperella in which the females
give the only reliable character for separation. The type locality
(from which I have two specimens) is not far from the locality where
the Idaho material was collected, and it does not seem likely, there-
fore, that the two color forms represent different species. Until fe-
males from both northern and southern localities are obtained I
believe it advisable to leave both color forms under one name.
AGONOPTERIX CURVILINEELLA (Beutenmiiller)
PLATE 26, Figures 157, 157a; PLATE 42, Figure 245
Depressaria curvilineella BEUTENMULLER, Ent. Amer., vol. 5, p. 10, 1889.—Buscr,
in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5874, 1903.—Kerarrort, in Smith, List
of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6417, 1903.—Meryrick, in Wyts-
man, Genera insectorum, fasc. 180, p. 176, 1922.—Garpr, in Bryk, Lepidop-
terorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 321, 1939.
Depressaria curviliniella RiLEy, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, No. 5260, 1891.—Die1Tz, in Smith, Catalogue of the insects of New
Jersey, p. 474, 1900.—Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 742, 1902.
Agonopteryz curviliniella Busck, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 198, 1908.
Agonopteryz curvilineella (Beutenmtiller) Forses, Cornell Uniy. Agr. Exp. Stat.
Memoir 68, p. 240, 1923.
Agonopteriz curvilineella (Beutenmtiller) McDunNnovcH, Check list of the Lep-
idoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidop-
tera), No. 8439, 1939.
Agnopteryz curviliniella K®Arrort, in Smith, Catalogue of the Insects of New
Jersey, p. 561, 1910.
Agnopteryx curvilineella (Beutenmiiller) BARNES and McDuNNouGH, Check list
of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6445, 1917.
Labial palpus white; second segment irrorated with blackish fuscous
exteriorly; third segment with basal and subapical bands and apex
blackish fuscous. Head, thorax, and ground color of fore wing light
grayish ochreous; face white; base of tegula and fore part of thorax
suffused with brown; fore wing, except extreme base and basal half
of costa, strongly suffused with brown and irrorated with scattered
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—-CLARKE 63
blackish-fuscous scales; in pale basal patch two small blackish-fuscous
spots; along costa and around termen a series of blackish-fuscous spots,
those around termen small and indistinct; at end of cell a white discal
spot edged with blackish fuscous and preceded by a long, curved,
blackish-fuscous discal dash; cilia light grayish ochreous, suffused with
brown. Hind wing grayish fuscous; cilia white with grayish-fuscous
basal band. Legs white suffused with fuscous; tarsi of hind legs with a
fuscous spot at the base of each. Abdomen grayish ochreous above
suffused with fuscous; beneath, whitish sparsely irrorated with fuscous
scales and with a row of blackish-fuscous spots on each side; between
these rows of spots two rows of smaller spots of the same color.
Male genitalia —Harpe broad, profusely clothed with fine hairs, par-
ticularly basally; cucullus pointed; sacculus moderately sclerotized,
broad; clasper slender, heavily sclerotized, hooked, reaching two-thirds
distance toward costa and without basal protuberance; anellus moder-
ately sclerotized, oval, broader than long, with weak lateral hairy
lobes. Vinculum with a _ well-developed dorsoanterior process.
Aedeagus nearly straight, wedge-shaped, bluntly pointed. Transtilla
a narrow sclerotized band, with sparsely hairy, lateral lobes. Gnathos
a finely spined, elongate-oval knob. Socii weakly sclerotized, broad,
hairy flaps.
Female genitalia —Genital plate moderately sclerotized. Ostium
near middle of genital plate. Ductus bursae long, slender, mem-
branous. Bursa copulatrix oval; signum a small, irregular, sclero-
tized plate, armed with short thornlike teeth.
Alar expanse, 15-20 mm.
Type.—In the United States National Museum.
Type locality—‘New York.”
Distribution —Eastern United States and Canada.
United States records
District of Columbia: Chain Bridge, 2 2? 2 (October 20, 1920, A. Busck).
Maryland: Cabin John (II-26-11, F. Knab) ; Plummers Island, 29 ¢ 4, 14 29
(March and April dates; A. Buseck and H. S. Barber).
New Jersey: Essex County Park, @ (“June 10,” W. D. Kearfott).
New York: 2 99 (Beutenmiiller) ; Ithaca, 2 99 (6-15-V-30, A. B. Klots) ;
Rochester, 2 2 9 (8-VII-33, A. B. Klots).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, 10¢ 4, 10 22 (May and August to November
dates, H. D. Merrick) ; Oak Station, Allegheny County, 3 ¢ ¢, 2 (July and
September dates; Fred Marloff).
Canadian records
Manitoba: Aweme (28-IX-23, N. Criddle); Winnipeg, ¢ (A. W. Hanham.
no date); 2 (‘1-d-98.” no collector).
Ontario: Ottawa (28-VII-2-VIII-1905, C. H. Young).
64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
AGONOPTERIX MURICOLORELLA (Busck)
PLATE 26, FIGURES 158, 15Sa; PLATE 42, FIGURE 243
Depressaria muricolorella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 741, 1902;
in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5873, 1903.—Kerarrortt, in Smith,
List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6416, 1903.—Meyricxk, in
Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 180, p. 176, 1922.—Garpr, in Bryk,
Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 333, 1939.
Agonopteryx muricolorella BuscK, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 199, 1908.
Agonopteriz muricolorella (Busck) McDunNnoucH, Check list of the Lepi-
doptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidop-
tera), No. 8441, 1939.
Agnopteryx muricolorella (Busck) Barnes and McDuNNoueH#, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No, 6455, 1917.
Labial palpus creamy white; outside of second and all of third
segment suffused with ochreous-gray; second segment sparsely ir-
rorated with fuscous. Antenna dark ochreous-gray. Head, thorax,
base and basal third of costa of fore wing light grayish brown; fore
wing dark mouse gray with sparse blackish-fuscous irrorations and
with a purple tint around edges and at apex; at end of cell a
white discal spot edged outwardly with a semicircle of blackish-
fuscous scales; first discal spot indicated by a few scattered blackish-
fuscous scales at basal third; on costa and around termen a series
of indistinct blackish-fuscous spots; cilia mouse gray with some
mixture of pale whitish ochreous. Hind wing grayish fuscous;
cilia a shade lighter with light fuscous band and whitish tips.
Legs light grayish ochreous suffused with fuscous. Abdomen dark
purplish gray above; beneath grayish ochreous shaded with fuscous.
Male genitalia—Harpe moderately clothed with fine hairs; cucul-
lus pointed; clasper rather stout, lightly sclerotized, constricted just
before middle and having a twisted appearance; apex heavily scler-
otized, rough. Anellus oval, longer than broad, with large hairy
lateral lobes; posterior edge concave. Vinculum rounded with a
well developed dorso-anterior process. Aedeagus stout, curved, and
terminating in a sharp, slightly upturned point. Transtilla a scler-
otized band with well developed hairy lateral lobes. Gnathos oval,
clothed with spines. Socii broad, hairy lobes. Tegumen terminating
in a single short median projection.
Female genitalia—Genital plate moderately broad; deeply cleft
on posterior edge. Ostium small; near anterior margin of genital
plate; at posterior end of ostium two small, sclerotized lateral areas.
Ductus bursae long, gradually enlarged to form the small oval
bursa copulatrix. Signum an oblong, sclerotized plate with pro-
jections on the anterior and posterior edges.
Alar expanse, 17-18 mm.
Type.—tin the United States National Museum.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 65
Type locality —Golden, Colo.
Food plants —“An umbelliferous plant” (Dyar); Lomatium grayi
Coult. and Rose (Clarke).
Distribution.—Western United States.
United States records
Colorado: Golden, 9 (Dyar and Caudell, no date).
Washington: Snake River, Whitman County, opposite Clarkston, 3 ¢ ¢, 82 2
(V-80-31, VI-4 to 18-33, and V-11-34, J. F. G. Clarke).
Remarks.—With Busck’s unique type male I associate six reared
specimens from the Snake River, Wash. (Clarke Nos. 2944, 4416, 4417,
4418, 4419, and 5209). ‘The Washington specimens fit the description
in every detail except that some of them show two discal spots, the
single discal spot not being present. In specimen 5209 veins 3 and
4 of the hind wing are short stalked as described, but in the remaining
specimens they are connate. In spite of the variation in venation it
would be illogical to consider the Washington specimens anything
but one species. The male genitalia show some slight variation in
the length of the harpe and shape of the cucullus, but this is not
significant.
AGONOPTERIX OREGONENSIS, new species
PLATE 31, Ficures 176, 17Ga; Puats 42, Ficurn 241
A small reddish species with contrastingly lighter costa.
Antenna with basal segment blackish fuscous; remainder shining
grayish fuscous, darker distally; narrowly annulated with blackish
fuscous; the whole with a faint reddish sheen. Labial palpus with
second segment light whitish ochreous, the brush pink beneath both
inwardly and outwardly; outwardly, and at apex inwardly, irrorated
with fuscous; third segment blackish fuscous with a pink-tinged
whitish-ochreous median fascia. Head light brownish fuscous with
a pink suffusion; scales tipped with whitish ochreous; face shining
whitish ochreous. Thorax, tegula, and fore wing brownish fuscous,
the fore wing so heavily overlaid with brick-red scales that it appears
dark reddish. Thorax and tegula with a strong reddish suffusion
anteriorly and much whitish-ochreous scaling posteriorly. Base of
fore wing and costa to middle a contrasting light gray; beyond middle
of wing the light-gray scaling diminishes; extreme costal edge bright
pink spotted with black; along costa, inside the grayish area, and
along veins toward the apex, with abundant black scaling. At the
end of cell a conspicuous white spot encircled with black scales; at
basal third two small, obliquely placed black spots followed by white
scaling; cilia fuscous with pink suffusion. Hind wing dark smoky
fuscous; cilia fuscous; pink tinged apically. Legs whitish ochreous
286614413
66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
much suffused and irrorated with fuscous; tarsi fuscous above except
for narrow band of whitish-ochreous at distal ends of segments.
Abdomen grayish fuscous above, whitish ochreous below; posterior
edges of segments above whitish ochreous; on underside a lateral row
of black spots; anal tuft tinged with pink.
Male genitalia—Harpe clothed with many long hairs; cucullus
pointed; costa strongly sclerotized; clasper stout, pointed, reaching
three-fourths of way to costa; definitely curved distally; sacculus
moderately sclerotized. Anellus an elongate, moderately sclerotized
plate, lateral edges concave; anterior edge convex, posterior edge
deeply cleft, lateral lobes small. Vinculum rounded. Aedeagus
slender, gently curved, pointed. Transtilla a narrow, strongly scle-
rotized band, lateral lobes large, hairy. Socii large, fleshy, hairy
lobes. 'Tegumen pointed.
Female genitalia.—Genital plate broad. Ostium large, broadly
elliptical. Lobes of ovipositor clothed with long coarse hairs. Duc-
tus bursae long, membranous; inception of ductus seminalis just
before ostium. Bursa copulatrix large with well developed diamond-
shaped signum.
Alar expanse, 15-18 mm.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 52079.
Type locality Salem, Oreg. (March; E. Y. Lansing, Jr.)
Described from the ¢ type and 5 é ¢ and 10 2 2 paratypes as
follows: ¢, Pullman, Wash. (8-II-280, J. F. G. Clarke); 2 ¢ 6, Dun-
can, British Columbia (26-II-21, W. Downes); ¢, Duncan, British
Columbia (25-ITI-21, A. W. Hanham); ¢, Fitzgerald, British
Columbia (14-V-22, E. H. Blackmore); 9, Salem, Oreg. (March;
E. Y. Lansing); 2°, Logan Hill, Chehalis, Wash. (15-X-29, T. M.
Clarke); @, Departure Bay, British Columbia (4II-29); 9,
Fitzgerald, British Columbia (14-V-22, E. H. Blackmore); ?, Fra-
ser Mills, British Columbia (22—-XI-23, L. E. Marmont); ?, Quam-
ichan Lake, British Columbia (1-IV-23, E. H. Blackmore) ; 2 2 9,
Victoria, British Columbia (21-III-21, E. H. Blackmore; 23-VI-23,
W. R. Carter); 2 2 2, no locality but British Columbia, specimens
under Blackmore No. 160 (18-IV-23; 5-V-23).
Remarks.—This species has been placed under the name gelidella
in collections.
AGONOPTERIX CLARKEI Keifer
PLATE 31, FicuREs 178, 178a; PLATE 40, FicurEs 230, 230a
Agonopteryx clarkei KrIFER, Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci., vol. 35, p. 10,
pl. 4; pl. 7, fig. 6, 1936.
Agonopterix clarkeit (Keifer) McDunNnovucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8415, 1939.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 67
Depressaria clarkei (Keifer) GAEDE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92,
p. 315, 1939.
Labial palpus luteous; second segment irrorated with fuscous out-
wardly and in brush; third segment somewhat darker than second
with poorly defined blackish-fuscous basal and subterminal annuli.
Antenna fuscous with narrow, darker annulations, the latter obscured
below. Head, thorax, base and costa of fore wing luteous, the head
infuscated above; thorax infuscated particularly anteriorly; costa
with fuscous spots and dashes throughout its length; beyond luteous
basal patch deeply infuscated, this color rapidly fading; at middle a
dark blotch from costa; first and second discal spots minute, black,
obliquely one above the other; third discal spot at end of cell whitish
followed by a black scale or two; all discal spots practically obsolete;
cilia fuscous tipped with luteous. Hind wing luteous, darker api-
cally; cilia with a fuscous basal band. Legs luteous overlaid and
suffused except at joints; posterior legs somewhat lighter. Abdomen
luteous, darker above than below; on each side, beneath, a blackish-
fuscous line.
Male genitalia—Harpe heavily clothed with long hairs; cucullus
bluntly pointed, sacculus moderately sclerotized, narrow; clasper
long, slender, straight, nearly reaching costa. Anellus a simple
sclerotized plate with deeply excavated lateral, and convex posterior
edges; longer than broad; hairy lateral lobes well developed. Vin-
culum evenly rounded. Aedeagus short, stout, strongly bent; vesica
armed with many small spinules. Transtilla a narrow sclerotized
band with well-developed hairy lateral lobes. Socii large, hairy,
fleshy flaps.
Female genitalia—Genital plate broad, moderately sclerotized,
anterior margin cleft. Ostium small, situated near posterior edge
of plate. Ductus bursae membranous, moderately long; inception of
ductus seminalis just before ostium. Bursa copulatrix large, with a
large, strongly sclerotized, toothed signum. Lobe of ovipositor with
a few long, strong hairs and numerous moderately long stout spines.
Alar expanse, 18-20 mm.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 52092.
Type locality —Missouri Flat, Placerville District, Calif.
Food plant.— Artemisia vulgaris L. var.
Remarks.—Keifer has discussed and figured this species in his
paper, but I have refigured it for completeness’ sake.
I have before me the specimens from Aweme, Manitoba, which
Keifer discusses, but I do not believe these represent a different
species. Although they could possibly be considered as a race, they
differ from the typical specimens only in the slightly paler pink
coloration in the cilia of the fore wing and in the apparently slightly
68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
shorter spines of the lobes of the ovipositor. Until we know more
about the specimens from Aweme I decline to give them a separate
designation.
The type of ovipositor found in this species is unique for the genus.
AGONOPTERIX CLEMENSELLA (Chambers)
PLATE 26, FicuRES 159, 159a; PLATE 42, Figure 242
Gelechia clemensella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., vol. 8, p. 173, 1876.
Depressaria clemenselia (Chambers) Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 766,
1904.—MeEyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 189, p. 176, 1922.—
GAEDE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 315, 1939.
Depressaria applana (Fabricius) WALSINGHAM, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 10,
p. 175, 1882—Ruitery, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America,
No. 5251, 1891.—Busck, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5862, 1903.—
KeEarrottT, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6405,
1903.
Agonopteryx clemensella (Chambers) Buscox, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p.
198, 1908.
Agonopteriz clemensella (Chambers) McDunNoucH, Check list of the Lepidop-
tera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8430, 1989.
Agnopteryz clemensella (Chambers) Barnes and McDunnovucH, Check list of
the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6447, 1917.
Agonopterye applana clemensella (Chambers) Forbes, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp.
Stat. Memoir 68, p. 239, 1928.
Labial palpus yellowish white; second segment irrorated with fus-
cous exteriorly and with a strong pink suffusion in the brush; third
segment with basal and broad subapical ennuli black. Antenna fus-
cous, somewhat lighter beneath. Head, thorax, and base of fore wing
very light yellowish gray with fuscous and reddish-brown irrorations
and a rosy suffusion. Ground color of fore wing reddish brown; costa
and termen blotched with alternate fuscous and yellowish-white spots;
whole surface of wing marked with scattered yellowish-white scales;
discal spots four, white; one at end of cell preceded by one at middle
of wing; at basal third two, one obliquely above the other; the outer
surrounded by a dull fuscous cloud, the inner, oblique pair preceded
by a few black scales; cilia reddish brown suffused with fuscous and
irrorated with yellowish white. Hind wing and cilia shining yellow-
ish fuscous, the latter with a fuscous basal band. Legs yellowish
white overlaid and irrorated with fuscous exteriorly; posterior pair
lighter in color, all with a rosy tint. Abdomen grayish fuscous above,
yellowish white beneath with four longitudinal rows of fuscous spots.
Male genitalia—Harpe slender, heavily clothed with hairs; sacculus
moderately sclerotized ; clasper slender, nearly reaching costa of harpe,
slightly thicker at middle, strongly curved toward the cucullus. Anel-
lus broadly rectangular, slightly constricted posteriorly; posterior
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—-CLARKE 69
margin concave and with well developed lateral lobes. Vinculum
broad with a pointed dorso-anterior process. Aedeagus long, curved,
terminating in a sharp slender point; basally there is a sclerotized
biramous arm by which the aedeagus articulates with the anellus.
Transtilla a narrow sclerotized band, with large, profusely hairy,
lateral lobes. Gnathos long, oval, slender, clothed with fine spines.
Socii broad fleshy lobes.
Female genitalia—Genital plate broad, lightly sclerotized; ostium
smal] oval, at posterior edge of genital plate. Ductus bursae mem-
branous, inception of ductus seminalis rather remote from ostium;
bursa copulatrix oval. Signum a small, more or less rectangular
plate, slightly cupped and covered with thornlike teeth.
Alar expanse, 16-20 mm.
Type—lIn the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
Type locality —Kaston, Pa.
Food plant.—Parsnip; wild parsnip ?.
Distribution.—Northeastern United States and eastern Canada.
United States records
Connecticut: ¢ (Beutenmiiller).
District of Columbia: Chain Bridge, 2 (‘‘2-4-85”) ; Washington, 2 (“21-4-85”).
Illinois: Putnam County, ¢ (M. O. Glenn).
Maryland: Plummers Island, ¢@ (March 1908, H. S. Barber).
New Hampshire: Hampton, ¢ (I1V—26-04, S. A. Shaw).
New York: Ilion, ¢ (IX—3-11, McHlhose) ; Ithaca, 2 9@ (5-19-V-31, A. B.
Klots) ; Lockport, @ (XI-30-35, L. L. Pechuman) ; Long Island: Orient, ¢
(VII-27-26 ; Ray Latham) ; Montvale, 2 (November 26, 1923, I. M. Schott) ;
Rochester, @ (3-I1V—33, A. B. Klots).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, 12 ¢¢6, 7 22 (March and July to November
dates, H. D. Merrick); Oak Station, Allegheny County, 2 292 (Oct. 15,
1908, and March 30, 1910, Fred Marloff) ; Pittsburgh, ¢ (IV—7-06, Henry
Engel).
Vermont: Clarendon, ¢@ (no date or collector).
Wisconsin: Millwood County, ¢ (‘“X—14-08’).
Canadian records
Ontario: Ottawa (VIII-21-05, C. H. Young) ; Toronto (“III-2 to 8-95”).
Remarks.—Busck * pointed out that in all probability clemensella
is distinct from the European applana. There can be no doubt about
the close relationship between the two species, but they can be separated
easily on genitalic characters as well as pattern.
The ground color of applana is much lighter than that of clemensella;
in the former there is a tendency to coalescence of the discal spots,
whereas in the latter the spots are smaller and distinctly separated.
The male genitalia of clemensella show a slender, gradually finely
48 Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 766, 1904.
70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
pointed aedeagus and a very slender clasper as compared to a more
abruptly pointed aedeagus and a stouter clasper in applana. The
female genitalia show fewer differences, but those examined indi-
cate that the ductus bursae of applana is longer in proportion to the
other structures than that of clemensella. I have examined 16 Euro-
pean and 41 American specimens, all of which bear out the above
conclusion.
In view of this evidence, I believe it is certain that the European
applana does not occur in North America.
AGONOPTERIX ATRODORSELLA (Clemens)
PLATE 26, FIcuRrEs 160, 160a; Prats 43, FIGURE 252
Depressaria atrodorsella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soe. Philadelphia, vol. 2, p. 124,
1863.—PackarD, Guide to the study of insects, p. 349, 1869—Ropinson, Ann.
Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 9, p. 156, pl. 1, fig. 7, 1870.—Ctremens, in Stain-
ton, Tineina of North America, p. 91, 1872.—CHAmeBERs, Can, Ent., vol. 4, p.
91, 1872.—ZerLter, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 23, p. 233, 1873.—CHAMBERS,
U.S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 138, 1878—WatsincHAy, Proc. Zool.
Soe. London, 1881, p. 312—CoQuILLETt, Papilio, vol. 3, p. 98, 1883.—BEUTEN-
MULLER, in Smith, Catalogue of the insects of New Jersey, p. 355, 1890.—
Ritey, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5255, 1891.—
Dietz, in Smith, Catalogue of the insects of New Jersey, p. 473, 1900.—Buscx;,
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 736, 1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus, Bull. 52,
No. 5854, 1903.—KEARFOTT, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal Amer-
ica, No. 6397, 1903.—Meryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p.
178, 1922.—GarEbDE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 310, 1939.
Agonopteryz atrodorsella (Clemens) BuscK, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 198,
1908.—Forees, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 238, 1923.
Agonopteria atrodorsella (Clemens) McDunnoucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8409, 1939.
Agnopteryx atrodorsella (Clemens) SmirH, Catalogue of the insects of New
Jersey, p. 561, 1910.—Barnes and McDunnouaH, Check list of the Lepidop-
tera of Boreal America, No. 6483, 1917.
Labial palpus and face yellowish white; second segment of palpus
irrorated with fuscous exteriorly and in the brush, the latter also
tinted with pink; third segment with basal and subapical annuli
and tip blackish fuscous. Antenna with black, ochreous-tipped basal
segment; remainder fuscous annulated with ochreous-fuscous. Head
reddish ochreous with median fuscous area. Thorax and extreme
base of fore wing blackish fuscous; collar whitish. Fore wing yel-
lowish ochreous with sparse blackish irrorations; costa with four to
six or seven blackish-fuscous spots; at basal third a black discal dot
followed by a white one at the end of cell; from center of cell a longi-
tudinal reddish blotch extending to apical third and enclosing the
white discal spot; on costa, from apical third to apex, a longitudinal
fuscous and ochreous cloud; cilia reddish ochreous. Hind wing light
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE cl
reddish fuscous; cilia whitish with basal and two subapical bands
fuscous. Legs yellowish white strongly overlaid with blackish fus-
cous except at joints; the latter suffused with pink. Abdomen light
brownish ochreous, lighter on posterior margins of segments; beneath,
yellowish white with broad, blackish-fuscous longitudinal, lateral
stripes and two rows of similarly colored spots between.
Male genitalia.—Harpe broad basally but abruptly narrowed be-
yond clasper; moderately clothed with hairs; clasper long, slender,
slightly bent, not quite reaching costa. Anellus a sclerotized plate,
longer than broad, concave on posterior edge, constricted anteriorly,
with prominent hairy lateral lobes. Aedeagus stout, slightly curved,
pointed, with large spinulate patch in basal two-thirds of vesica.
Transtilla a narrow sclerotized band with well developed, hairy,
lateral lobes. Gnathos an elongate, oval, spined knob. Socii large
fleshy, hairy flaps.
Female genitalia—Ostium large, near posterior edge of genital
plate. Genital plate very broad, produced anteriorly; anterior
edge deeply cleft, the cleft semicircular, the anterior points nearly
touching. Ductus bursae long, membranous, gradually tapering to
form the large oval bursa copulatrix; inception of ductus seminalis
just anterior to ostium. Signum a large diamond-shaped, spined
plate.
Alar expanse, 18-24 mm.
Type—tin the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Type locality —Pennsylvania.
Food plants —Bidens frondosa L., Myrica asplenifolia L., E'upa-
torium sp.
Distribution.—Eastern United States and Canada.
United States records
Connecticut: ¢@ ,Beutenmiiller, coll.).
District of Columbia: Washington, ¢ (X—25-02).
Illinois: Flosmoor, ¢, @ (mo date or collector) ; Evanston, ¢ (‘4-99’).
Massachusetts: Cummington, ¢ (no date or collector) ; Dover, ¢ (8-77-33, no
collector) ; Marthas Vineyard, ¢@ (‘1-38,” George D. Eustis) ; Winchendon, ¢
(TX—28-02, no collector).
New Hampshire: Hampton, 3 ¢¢ (V-10-13, S. A. Shaw).
New Jersey: Cedar Grove, 6 (IV—9-24, F. M. Schott).
New York: Ilion, ¢, 9 (V-3-13, H. McElhose); Ithaca, @ (X-24-35, J. G.
Franclemont) ;2 6 ¢@ (12-V-31, 5-V-31, A. B. Klots) ; Liberty, 2 (no date or
collector) ; New Windsor, 2 ¢ ¢@ (13-VIII-’93; 23-VIII97, E. L. Morton).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, 4¢ ¢ (IX—7-02, IX-—27-02, V-25-06, IX—29-06,
H. D. Merrick).
Vermont: Clarendon, ¢ (W. D. Kearfott).
Wisconsin: Cranmoor, Wood County, Q (1IV-22-08, C. B. Hardenberg) ;
Madison, ¢ (XI-10-23, S. B. Fracker).
ce PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Canadian records
Ontario: Bobcaygeon (July 24, 1931, J. McDunnough) ; Hymers, ¢ (IX—16—23) ;
Merivale (May 1, 1986, W. J. Brown) ; Ottawa, ¢ (1V-—21-1900) ; (3 speci-
mens, May 9, 1904, C. H. Young; March 29, 1906, May 1, 1906, J. Fletcher) ;
Toronto (no further data); Trenton (May 5-21, 1911, Evans).
Quebec: Aylmer (April 29, 1904, C. B. Hutchings); Chelsea (July 17, 1915,
J. McDunnough) ; Fairy Lake (April 24, 1982) ; Knowlton (September 11,
1929, J. McDunnough); Meach Lake (March 29, April 25, 1900; Sep-
tember 25, 1902; May 4, 1901, C. H. Young).
Remarks.—In addition to a long collected series of this species I
have a specimen before me from Madison, Wis., reared from Myrica
asplenifolia by 8. B. Fracker, and four from Dover, Mass. (Gipsy
Moth Lab.), reared from “Coreopsis” (synonym of Bidens). The
wide difference in food plant is very surprising in view of the fact
that nearly all species are either host specific or feed on very closely
related species of plants. The specimen from Bobcaygeon, Ontario,
was reared from Hupatoriun.
AGONOPTERIX SCABELLA (Zeller)
PLATE 43, FIGURE 250
Depressaria scabella ZELLER, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 23, p. 236, 1873.—
CHAMBERS, U. 8S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 1388, 1878—Rtey, in
Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5280, 1891.—Buscx,
Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 749, 1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52,
No. 5892, 1903.—Kerarrotr, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, No. 6485, 1903.—Meryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase.
180, p. 177, 1922.—Garpr, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p.
348, 1939.
Depressaria scabrella WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 312.
Agonopterye scabella (Zeller) Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 198,
1908.—ForBes, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 68, p. 239, 1923.
Agonopteriz scabella (Zeller) McDuNnNoucH, Check List of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8453, 1939.
Agnopteryz scabella (Zeller) Barnes and McDunnoueH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6439, 1917.
Alar expanse, 24 mm.
Type.—In the British Museum.
Type locality — Ohio.”
Remarks.—\I have one specimen, supposedly this species, before
me and have figured the genitalia (fig. 250, 9), which show it is very
close to atrodorsella.
AGONOPTERIX PTELEAE Barnes and Busck
PLATE 27, Figurns 162, 162a; PLatw 43, FicurE 251
Agonopteryx pteleae BARNES and Buscxk, Contr. Lepid. North America, vol. 4,
p. 231, pl. 28, fig. 13; pl. 38, fig. 1, 1920.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 73
Agonopteriz pteleae (Barnes and Busck) McDuNnNovucH, Check list of Lepid-
optera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidop-
tera), No. 8426, 1939.
Depressaria pteleae (Barnes and Busck) Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insec-
torum, fase. 180, p. 175, 1922.—GaArnpE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus,
pt. 92, p. 342, 1939.
Labial palpus light ochreous; second segment with fuscous base and
irrorations exteriorly; third segment with fuscous basal and sub-
apical annuli. Antenna fuscous. Head reddish ochreous above; face
light silvery ochreous. Thorax and fore wing light ochreous-brown
mottled and suffused with black and brown, the entire surface rough-
ened with raised scales; extreme base at inner angle whitish ochreous
broadly edged with black; from costa to end of cell a large blaclkish-
fuscous blotch; along costa and around termen a series of blackish-
fuscous spots; first and second discal spots black, the latter obscured
by the large costal blotch. Hind wing light ochreous fuscous; cilia
light ochreous brown with basal band a shade lighter. Legs light
ochreous brown suffused and annulated with blackish fuscous. Ab-
domen light ochreous-brown, with two lateral longitudinal rows of
black spots on the underside.
Male genitalia—Harpe moderately sclerotized, pointed, and almost
entirely clothed with fine hairs; at base, just inside costa, is a group
of long fine spines; clasper and a narrow “spur” of the sacculus adja-
cent to it, heavily sclerotized. The clasper tapers gently to a fine
point, is slightly curved, and reaches almost to costa. Anellus a
heavily sclerotized oval plate, longer than broad, with truncated pos-
terior edge; lateral lobes large, hairy. Transtilla a narrow sclerotized
band with well-developed, hairy lateral lobes. Aedeagus rather stout,
curved, and pointed, with a lateral, hghtly sclerotized flap from about
the middle to the apex. Gnathos a short oval knob armed with many
spines. Socii small, mainly indicated by hairs. Tegumen with a
single apical projection.
Female genitalia.—Ostium large, near posterior edge of genital plate.
Genital plate greatly produced anteriorly and narrowly cleft on an-
terior margin. Extreme posterior portion of ductus bursae abruptly
constricted before ostium, where ductus seminalis enters; ductus bursae
gently tapering to form the large bursae copulatrix. Signum a roughly
diamond shaped, sclerotized, spined plate.
Alar expanse, 20-22 mm.
Type.—in the United States National Museum.
Type locality —Decatur, Il.
Food plant—Ptelea trifoliata L. (hoptree).
Remarks.—This species is exceedingly close to pulvipennella but dif-
fers from it by the rough-scaled fore wing, smaller anellus, and less
sharply pointed anterior margin of the genital plate. :
74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Besides the type series in the National collection from Decatur, Il.
(June 1-15), there are two specimens from Rockford, Tll. (collector
“O. H.S.”) among the undetermined material, which, although some-
what larger and darker than the types, undoubtedly belong here. This
species has an unmistakable roughened appearance due to the presence
of many long, slender, almost hairlike, upturned scales on practically
the entire insect.
AGONOPTERIX EUPATORIIELLA (Chambers)
PLATE 27, FicurEs 163, 163a; PLATE 43, FicurE 249
Depressaria eupatoriiella CHAMBERS, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 82,
115, 1878.—RIey, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No.
5261, 1891.
Agonopteryx plummerella Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 199, 1908.—
Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 239, 1923. (New
synonymy. )
Agonopterix plummerella, (Busck) McDunNnovueH, Check List of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8454, 19389.
Agnopteryr plummerella (Buseck) BARNES and McDuNnNovucH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6456, 1917.
Depressaria plummerella MEyRICK, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p.
177, 1922.—GAgpE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 340, 1939.
Depressaria pulvipennella BuscK, not Clemens (in part), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.
vol, 24, p. 737, 1902.
Labial palpus light ochreous-gray : second segment lightly irrorated
with black scales; third segment almost wholly black, with only nar-
row, poorly defined, median and apical bands of the light ground
color showing; long, recurved. Antenna dark fuscous narrowly an-
nulated with light ochreous. Head, thorax, and fore wing ochreous-
fuscous; face shining light ochreous-gray; thorax and fore wing
speckled with numerous black and white scales, the majority of the
former raised; at the end of cell a white discal spot surrounded by a
few black scales and preceded by two black discal spots at basal third,
the latter obliquely one above the other; along costa a series of poorly
defined blackish spots; cilia ochreous-fuscous. Hind wing shining
fuscous, lighter basally than apically; cilia light fuscous, whitish
distally with a narrow dark basal band. Legs whitish ochreous over-
laid and mottled with fuscous except at jomts. Abdomen ochreous-
fuscous above, whitish ochreous beneath with four longitudinal rows
of blackish-fuscous spots.
Male genitalia—Harpe rather short, broad, with the costal two-
thirds clothed with fine hairs; cucullus rounded; sacculus and clasper
moderately sclerotized; clasper slightly curved toward cucullus dis-
tally and reaching about two-thirds distance across harpe. Anellus
oval, longer than broad, well sclerotized, with posterior edge concave;
lateral lobes clothed with fine hairs. Vinculum rounded. Aedeagus
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 75
slender, bent just before middle, apex pointed, upturned. Transtilla
a narrow, weakly sclerotized band with well-developed, hairy lateral
lobes. Gnathos an oval spined knob. Socii broad flaps, weakly sclero-
tized and with few hairs.
Female genitalia—Ostial opening very large, occupying over half
the length of the genital plate; genital plate broad; anterior margin
with semicircular cleft, the anterior points of which are widely
separated. Ductus bursae long, gradually broadening into the large
bursa copulatrix; at posterior end of ductus bursae an elongate, lightly
sclerotized patch. Signum a large, strongly sclerotized, diamond-
shaped plate with the anterior and posterior points of the diamond
curled. The plate is armed with short stout teeth.
Alar expanse, 22-24 mm.
Types.—In the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
(eupatoriiella) ; in the United States National Museum (No. 11943)
(plummerella).
Type localities —‘Kentucky” (eupatoriiella); Plummers {sland,
Md. (Busck) ; Cincinnati, Ohio (Dr. A. F. Braun) (plummerella).
Food plant.—Eupatorium.
Distribution—Eastern United States probably as far north as New
England.
United States records
Illinois: Putnam County, 2? (14-IV-1939, M. O. Glenn).
Maryland: Plummers Island, 10 ¢ ¢,6 92 (March to August dates, 1905-1908,
A. Buseck and H. S. Barber).
Ohio: Athens, 3 66, 2 @@ (11—XI-39, 29-I-40, 10-II-40, R. C. Barnes) ;
Noble County, 6, 2 (10-IX-39, 31-XII-40, R. C. Barnes).
Pennsylvania: Pittsburgh, ¢, 2 (4-IV-06, 18—-XI-06, Henry Engel).
Remarks.—This species is apparently very close to scabella Zeller,
but since I have no authentic material of the latter species, I cannot
be sure of the genitalia. I quote, in part, a letter from Mr. Stringer
of the British Museum, to Mr. Busck concerning plummerella and
scabella, which was written before I had an opportunity to examine
eupatoriella:
“T have carefully compared plummerella with our type of scabella
Z., and have no doubt that they are distinct. The labial palpi of
scabella have the Depressaria “furrow” on second joint but much more
compact and the terminal joint is shorter, not so pointed or recurved
as in your species and neduwlosa Z.; in color markings there is no
difference. In size and color of fore wings your species is nearer to
nebulosa; scabella is a smaller species with much narrower fore wing
and is brown-gray, not salt and pepper; it is also devoid of any mark-
ings on the underside of either wing as in plummerella and almost all
of the species of the genus.”
76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
I have examined the type of ewpatoriiella in the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology and have made a slide of the female genitalia.
This and plummerella appear to be identical; ewpatoriiella was syn-
onymized with pulvipennella Clemens through misidentifications made
by Lord Walsingham. The specimens in the United States National
Museum, referred to by Busck,” are clearly pulvipennella,; pulvipen-
nella lacks the rough scaling which is found on the wings of eupatori-
iella and so cannot be confused with it. Chambers clearly states in
his description of eupatoriiella, “the palpi and wings dusted with
blackish atoms, each of which is a minute tuft * * *
AGONOPTERIX PULVIPENNELLA (Clemens)
PLATE 27, FicuREs 164, 164a; PLATE 43, FicurE 253
Depressaria pulvipennella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 2, p. 421,
1864.—Roginson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 9, p. 157, 1868.—
CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., vol. 4, p. 91, 1872—CLreMeENs, in Stainton, Tineina of
North America, p. 244, 1872.—Rutry, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, No. 5276, 1891.—Buscx. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 737,
1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5858, 1903.—Krarrott, in Smith,
List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6401, 1903.—Meryrick, in
Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 176, 1922—Garpr, in Bryk,
Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 342, 1939.
Depressaria fulvipennella Dietz, in Smith, Catalogue of the insects of New
Jersey, p. 474, 1900.
Depressaria solidaginis WALSINGHAM, Ins. Life, vol. 1, p. 255, 1899.—Rinry, in
Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5281, 1891.
Agonopieryz pulvipennelia (Clemens) Buscx, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35,
p. 198, 1908—Forges, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 238, 1923.
Agonopterixz pulvipennella (Clemens) McDunnovueH, Check list of the Lepidop-
tera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidop-
tera), No. 8440, 1939.
Agnopteryx pulvipennella (Clemens) SmrrH, Catalogue of the insects of New
Jersey, p. 561, 1910.—Barnes and McDunnoucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Boreal America, No. 6449, 1917.
Agnopteryx pulvipenella Brimury, The insects of North Carolina, p. 304, 1938.
Labial palpus whitish ochreous tinged with pink; second segment
irrorated with blackish fuscous exteriorly; third segment with basal
and subapical annuli and tip black. Antenna fuscous. Face shining
whitish ochreous. Head reddish ochreous suffused with fuscous pos-
teriorly. Thorax and fore wing light reddish ochreous mottled and
irrorated with blackish fuscous; extreme base of the light ground color
and followed by a rapidly fading fuscous shade that does not reach
costa; at basal third two black discal spots obliquely one above the
other, followed by a third, white discal spot at the end of cell; in
center of wing beyond the first and second discal spots a blackish-
fuscous shade surrounding the third discal spot; along costa and around
19Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 737, 1902.
REVISION OF THE CECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 77
termen a series of blackish-fusccus blotches and spots; cilia light
ochreous-fuscous. Hind wing light fuscous; cilia somewhat lighter
with a dark basal band. Legs whitish ochreous suffused and mottled
with blackish fuscous except at joints; at Joints the ochreous is strongly
tinged with pink. Abdomen grayish ochreous above; beneath whitish
ochreous with broad blackish-fuscous longitudinal lateral lines and
two rows of blackish-fuscous spots between the lateral lines.
Male genitalia.—Harpe broad, clothed with fine hairs; clasper
straight, slender, reaching well beyond middle of harpe; cucullus
bluntly pointed. Anellus a large oval plate, longer than broad, with
concave posterior margin, narrow biramous, strongly sclerotized me-
dian area and well developed hairy, lateral lobes. Aedeagus slender,
sharply curved, pointed; vesica with large spinulate patch. Vincu-
lum rounded. Transtilla a moderately broad, sclerotized band, with
well developed, hairy, lateral lobes. Gnathos an oval, spined knob.
Socii large, sparsely hairy, fleshy flaps.
Female genitalia ——Ostium small, near posterior margin of genital
plate. Genital plate very broad, produced anteriorly and deeply and
narrowly cleft on median anterior edge. Ductus bursae long, mem-
branous, gradually tapering into the large bursa copulatrix; inception
of ductus seminalis very near ostial opening. Signum a large, dia-
mond-shaped, spined plate; posterior and anterior points curled.
Alar expanse, 18-24 mm.
Type.—tin the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Type locality —“Ulnois.”
Food plants.—Solidago and Urtica.
Distribution.—Eastern United States and Canada.
United States records
Connecticut: East River, 9 (September 8, 1908, Chas. R. Ely).
District of Columbia: Washington, 8 ¢¢, Q@ (IV-21-85); $ (1V-7-1900) ;
é@ (1V—21-1900).
Louisiana: Natchitoches, ¢ (August, G. Coverdale).
Maine: Orono, 2 ¢ 6 (October 8, ’88, one, no date).
Maryland: Plummers Island, 17 ¢ 6,4 9 2 (March, April, and September dates,
collected by H. 8. Barber, A. Busck, E. A. Schwarz).
TMassachusetts: Chilmark, ¢ (IX-—3-1985, George D. Eustis) ; Cohasset, 9 (May
11, 07, Owen Bryant); Framingham, @ (April 21, 1905); Springfield, ¢
(no date, G. Dimmock) ; Winchendon, ¢ (IX—28-02).
Missouri: (One specimen, no date.)
Wew Hampshire: Hampton, 6 (IV-—30-04, S. A. Shaw).
New Jersey: Denville, 2 (‘‘X-14”’); Essex County, 92 (IV-20-09, W. D.
Kearfott).
New York: Ilion, ¢, 2 92 (IX-3-11, H. McElhose); 2, same (IX-2-12) ;
Ithaca (many ¢ ¢ and 2 9, various dates in coll. Cornell Univ.).
Ohio: Athens, 2 9 2 (29-I-40, R. C. Barnes).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, ¢, 9 (IX—27-02, X-23-07, H. D. Merrick).
Virginia: Vienna, @ (February 14, 1915, R. A. Cushman).
Wisconsin: Cranmoor, Wood County, ¢ (IV—22-08, C. B. Hardenberg).
78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 90
Canadian records
Manitoba: Cartwright, 9 (X—11-03, H. F. Heath).
Nova Scotia: Bridgetown, ¢, 2 (5-9-IX-1912, G. E. Saunders).
Ontario: Ottawa (9, April 28, 1905; ¢, May 7, 1905, C. H. Young) ; Trenton,
@ (25-1V-1911, Evans).
Quebec: Meach Lake (9, April 19, 1902; October 12, 1907, C. H. Young) ;
Montreal, ¢ (V-3-04, “A. F. W.”).
Remarks.—The variety of food plants indicates that this species
is a rather general feeder. I believe we are dealing with at least
two very closely related species, which can be separated only by a
careful comparison of larvae and pupae, the adult characters not
being sufficient for separation. Moths reared from Solidago are
darker, and the coloring is more suffused than in the majority of
specimens. This may be due entirely to the difference in food plant,
but there is not sufficient material at hand to determine this
definitely.
The species appears to be confined to midwestern and eastern North
America.
AGONOPTERIX WALSINGHAMELLA (Busck)
PLATE 28, Figures 165, 165a; PLate 44, FicurE 254
Depressaria walsinghamella Busck, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 739, 1902.—
GAEDE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 356, 1939.
Depressaria fernaldella WALSINGHAM, Ins. Life, vol. 1, p. 256, 1889.—Busck, in
Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5864, 1903.—Kerarrort, in Smith, List
of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6407, 1903.—Meryrick, in Wyts-
man, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 176, 1922. [Not Depressaria fernal-
della Chambers, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 82, p. 138, 1878.]
Agnopteryx fernaldella BarNEs and McDuNNouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Boreal America, No. 6443, 1917.
Agonopteriz fernaldella (Walsingham) McDuNnwnoueH, Check list of the Lepidop-
tera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidop-
tera), No. 8448, 1939.
Agonopteryx walsinghamella Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68,
p. 239, 1923.
Agonopteryx walsinghamiella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 198,
1908.
Agonopteriz walsinghamiella McDunNouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8443, 1939. [As synonym of fernaldella (Walsingham).]
Labial palpus pale cinereous strongly suffused with reddish; second
segment irrorated with blackish scales exteriorly; third segment with
blackish scales exteriorly; third segment with blackish-fuscous basal
and median annuli (the former poorly defined) and apex. Antenna
fuscous annulated with dull cinereous and tinged with reddish. Head
tawny-red with slight cinereous irrorations; face pale cinereous.
Thorax and base of fore wing, except costal part, cinereous; fore part
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 79
of thorax and tegula suffused and irrorated with reddish. Fore wing
deep crimson-red sparsely irrorated with black and cinereous scales;
costa, nearly to apex, broadly tawny-red with veins 9 to 12 strongly
indicated by cinereous and irrorated with black scales and with poorly
defined fuscous spots on extreme edge; discal spots white; first discal
spot at basal third edged with carmine; second at end of cell preceded
by a few carmine scales; cilia reddish fuscous edged with carmine.
Hind wing light fuscous, darker apically than basaliy; cilia lhght
fuscous with whitish irrorations and pale pink suffusions. Legs pale
cinereous overlaid and irrorated with fuscous, except at joints, and
suffused with reddish. Abdomen pale grayish fuscous above; beneath,
pale cinereous with two black longitudinal lateral stripes.
Male genitalia—Harpe moderately clothed with fine hairs, tapering
gently to a pointed cucullus; clasper short, stout, straight, scarcely
exceeding middle of harpe, slightly rugose on exterior edge. Sacculus
narrow, moderately sclerotized. Anellus longer than broad, concave
on posterior edge, narrowed basally, with well-developed, sparsely
hairy lateral lobes. Aedeagus stout, curved, much narrower in distal
than proximal half; vesica armed with numerous spinulate cornuti.
Vinculum rounded. Transtilla a narrow, lightly sclerotized band with
moderately well developed, hairy lateral lobes. Gnathos a spined oval
knob. Socii fleshy, hairy flaps. Tegumen terminating in a moderately
long, pointed process.
Female genitalia—Genital plate broad, lightly sclerotized. Ostium
round, opening at posterior edge of genital plate; the area around
ostium slightly raised above the remainder of surface of plate.
Ductus bursae long, membranous; ductus seminalis opening well
before ostium. Bursa copulatrix large with small signum situated
about middle.
Alar expanse, 20-22 mm.
Type.—In the British Museum.
Type localities —Orono, Maine; Wisconsin.
Food plants—Myrica asplenifolia L. and Myrica carolinensis Mill.
Distribution —Eastern United States and Canada.
United States records
Connecticut: East River, ¢ (August 5-13, Chas. R. Ely).
Maine: Bar Harbor, 8 ¢¢, 2 (May to November dates, 1934-1988, A. BH.
Brower) ; Kennebunkport, 2 2 2 (September 24-30); Orono, 9.
Massachusetts: Springfield (a series of 4 6 ¢ and 3 92 Q reared from Myrica
asplenifolia by Dimmock).
New Hampshire: Hampton, 8 ¢ ¢@ (March and April dates; 8. A. Shaw, coll.).
New York: Albany.
Pennsylvania: Hazelton, ¢ (‘‘9-12-04’).
Wisconsin: (Acc. Forbes. )
80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Canadian records
Nova Scotia: Digby, ¢ (IX-19-07, J. Russell) ; White Point Beach, Queens
County, @ (VIII-20-34, reared, J. McDunnough).
Ontario: Biscotasing (May 16, 1931, Karl Schedl) ; Constance Bay (October 8,
1932, W. J. Brown).
Quebec: Kazubazua (August 138-23, 1933, G. S. Walley) ; Laniel (June 3, 1932,
H. S. Fleming).
Remarks.—The identity of this species and the invalidity of
Walsingham’s name have been established by Busck.”°
AGONOPTERIX FUSCITERMINELLA, new species
PLATE 28, FicuRES 167, 167a; PLATE 44, FicuRE 258
Depressaria yeatiana WALSINGHAM (not Fabricius) Proc. Zool. Soe. London,
1881, p. 316.
Depressaria arenella WALSINGHAM (not Schiffermiiller), Trans. Amer. Hnt. Soc.,
vol. 10, p. 175, 1882—Rttey, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America. No. 5253, 1891.—Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 743, 1902;
in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5877, 1903.—Kerarrort, in Smith,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6420, 1903.—Meyricx,
in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 174, 1922.
Agonopteryx arenella BuscK (not Schiffermiiller), Proce. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol.
35, p. 199, 1908.—Barnes and McDunnovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Boreal America, No. 6446, 1917.
Antenna fuscous, faintly and narrowly annulated with ochreous;
apex and underside of basal segment whitish ochreous sprinkled with
black or dark-brown scales outwardly; palpus with brush well de-
veloped; terminal segment with black subbasal and supramedial
annuli and black tip. Face and head whitish ochreous, the latter
intermixed with brownish scales. Thorax whitish ochreous; dorsally
the ground color is liberally mixed with brown and blackish scales.
In the posterior half are two crests of raised scales. Fore wing with
ochreous ground color strongly overlaid with reddish brown and
liberally sprinkled with fuscous to black scales; extreme base ochreous
followed, in dorsal half, by a strong red-brown patch, the latter
mixed with black in basal part; at the base of cell two small obliquely
placed black spots followed by a strong fuscous or black cloud; the
latter surrounded by a reddish-brown suffusion; at the end of cell
another small black spot. Costa and termen with conspicuous black
spots. Cilia ochreous with brown scales intermixed and the whole
with a distinct rosy tinge. Hind wing whitish, strongly suffused
apically with fuscous; scales at base of cilia, along termen, and fre-
quently around posterior margin, black. Cilia light brownish
ochreous. Underside of hind wing with many black scales in apical
half. Legs ochreous; fore leg with femur fuscous inwardly ; anterior
surface of tibia bright pink with overlying brownish scales, the
*» Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 739, 1902.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 81
latter having a purplish sheen: tarsi broadly edged with fuscous.
Mesothoracic legs like anterior pair but without fuscous femora and
with more fuscous on tibiae and tarsi. Hind legs almost wholly
whitish ochreous except for delicate pink suffusion on tibiae and
fuscous tibial spurs. Abdomen ochreous with broken black lateral
lines beneath and suffused with fuscous above.
Male genitalia Harpe elongate, narrow; weakly sclerotized except
for clasper, sparsely clothed with fine hairs; clasper straight, blunt,
pointed, reaching about two-thirds distance across harpe. Anellus
longer than broad, subrectangular, moderately sclerotized; posterior
edge convex; lateral lobes little developed. Transtilla a narrow
sclerotized band with weak lateral lobes. Aedeagus moderately slen-
der, with sharp, upturned point. Gnathos an oval, spined knob.
Socii well developed hairy flaps.
Female genitalia.—Base of lobe of ovipositor with a row of long
stout hairs. Ostium moderately large, round. Genital plate broad,
moderately sclerotized. Ductus bursae long, membranous; inception
of ductus seminalis near opening of ostium. Bursa copulatrix large,
oval, symmetrical, merging gradually with the ductus; signum a large,
roughly diamond-shaped, spined, sclerotized plate.
Alar expanse, 22-25 mm.
Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 52077.
Type locality —Duncan, Vancouver Island, British Columbia.
Food plant.—Cynoglossum grande Doug). ex Lehm.
Remarks.—Described from the ¢ type and 5 ¢ ¢ and 13 @ 9
paratypes as follows: Type ¢, Duncan, Vancouver Island, British
Columbia (July 1, 1910, Hanham); paratypes, 3 ¢ 6 and 7 2 Q,
Duncan, British Columbia (June and July dates, Hanham); ¢
and 2 2 2, Wellington, British Columbia (April and October dates,
G. W. Taylor); ¢ and 42 2, Phoenix Lake, Marin County, Calif.
(V-11 to VI-2-1927, H. H. Keifer).
Paratypes in the U. S. National Museum and H. H. Keifer collec-
tion, Sacramento, Calif.
In superficial appearance very much like the European arenella
but easily differentiated from it by the genitalia; in the male of
arenella the clasper is very broad and flattened, with a deep excavation
on the outer edge, while the clasper of fusciterminella is straight,
fingerlike; the harpe of arenedla is shorter and broader than that of
fusciterminella. In the female of arenella the anterior edge of the
genital plate is strongly convex but that of fusciterminella is much
less strongly so.
The California specimens are somewhat darker than those from
British Columbia, but this may be due to their having been reared.
286614414
82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
The northern specimens show more pink on the legs also, but they are
identical in other characters, including genitalia.
This species has been confused with pallidella Busck and has been
placed in collections under that name.
AGONOPTERIX CAJONENSIS, new species
PLATE 31, Figures 180, 180a; PLATp 42, Ficurrs 244, 244a
This species is much like argillacea but lacks the median dark shade
of the fore wing.
Labial palpus light ochreous-white, lightly mottled exteriorly on
second segment with fuscous; third segment with black subbasal and
supramedial bands and tip; the basal band is poorly defined. An-
tenna fuscous with ochreous-white scaling on basal segment and basal
third. Head, thorax, and ground color of fore wing grayish fuscous
heavily overlaid with ochreous-white; face light ochreous-white; base
of fore wing and basal third of costa ochreous-white; the light basal
portion is followed by a dark fuscous shade; whole surface of fore
wing sparsely irrorated with small fuscous spots; at the end of cell
a conspicuous ochreous-white spot narrowly edged with fuscous;
cilia grayish fuscous. Hind wing grayish fuscous; cilia concolorous
with light basal band. Legs grayish fuscous strongly overlaid with
ochreous-white. Abdomen grayish fuscous above with posterior mar-
gins of segments ochreous-white; beneath ochreous-white with a well-
defined lateral stripe on each side and a pair of black spots on the
posterior margin of each segment between the lateral lines.
Male genitalia—Harpe rather sharply narrowed before cucullus;
cucullus bluntly pointed; clasper long, curved, slightly dilated
distally ; sacculus moderately sclerotized. Anellus longer than broad,
slightly constricted at about middle; posterior edge concave; lateral
lobes large, extending nearly to posterior edge of central plate.
Aedeagus slender, curved, pointed, with ventral sclerotized arm by
which it is attached to the anellus; vesica armed with an elongate
patch of fine cornuti. Vinculum rounded, with well-developed dorso-
anterior process. Transtilla a moderately broad sclerotized band
with well-developed lateral lobes. 'Tegumen pointed.
Female genitalia—Genital plate very broad, strongly sclerotized.
Ostium small, crescentic, opening slightly posterior to middle. Ductus
bursae long, membranous; inception of ductus seminalis just before
ostium. Bursa copulatrix large, oval, symmetrical, with well-
developed 4-pointed signum.
Alar expanse, 20-238 mm.
Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 52948.
Type locality —Cajon Valley, Calif.
Food plant.—Unknown.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 83
Remarks.—Described from the type ¢ and 1 2? paratype (Cajon
Valley, Calif., 25-VI-1937, Grace H. and John L. Sperry).
Both specimens were received from Mr. Sperry in material sub-
mitted for determination.
AGONOPTERIX ROSACILIELLA (Busck)
PLATE 28, Figures 166, 166a; PLATE 44, Ficure 257
Depressaria rosaciliella Buscx, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 7638, 1904.—
ANDERSON, Catalogue of British Columbia Lepidoptera, No. 1093, 1904.—
GAEDE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 346, 1939.
Depressaria ciliella WALSINGHAM (not Stainton), Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1881,
p. 316.—Busck (not Stainton), Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 739, 1902; in
Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 58638, 1908. [Not Depressaria ciliella
Stainton, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1849, p. 161, pl. 17, fig. 7; or Rebel, in
Staudinger and Rebel, Catalog der Lepidopteren des palaearctischen Faunen-
gebietes, vol. 2, No. 3234, 1901.]
Depressaria rosiciliella MBYERICK, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p.
176, 1922.
Agonopteryz rosaciliella Buscx, Proce. U. S. Nat Mus., vol. 35, p. 198, 1908—
Braun, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 73, pt. 1, p. 10, 1921.
Agonopteriz resaciliella (Busck) McDuNNovu@eH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8431, 1939.
Agonopterysz ciliella Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 239, 1923.
Agnopteryx rosaciliella (Busck) BARNES and McDuNNouGH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No, 6448, 1917.
Labial palpus ochreous-white suffused with pale reddish; second
segment mottled exteriorly with blackish fuscous; third segment with
basal and subterminal bands and tip black. Head, thorax, and fore
wing ochreous-white heavily overlaid with reddish, suffused with red-
dish fuscous, and irrorated with sparse blackish scales; face whitish;
light basal portion of fore wing containing a fuscous spot and fol-
lowed by a deep reddish-fuscous shade, the latter diminishing in in-
tensity outwardly; costa and termen with a series of more or less
distinct fuscous spots, those on costa alternated with small whitish-
ochreous spots; discal spots four, white, edged with black; first and
second obliquely one above the other, third and fourth in line with
second, the fourth at end of cell; cilia fuscous with strong reddish suf-
fusion. Hind wing and cilia light fuscous, the latter with a strong
reddish suffusion. Legs ochreous-white with reddish tinge and
strongly overlaid and irrorated with blackish fuscous except at joints.
Male genitalia—Harpe long, lightly sclerotized, bluntly pointed,
very hairy, especially in costal half. Clasper straight, slender, grad-
ually tapering to a blunt point, reaching beyond middle of harpe.
Vinculum produced anteriorly to form a broad, rounded, short pro-
jection. Anellus a more or less rectangular plate, longer than broad,
slightly emarginate on posterior edge, with large, hairy, lateral lobes.
84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Aedeagus slender, not heavily sclerotized ; dilated basally and sharply
pointed distally; the point is slightly upturned; vesica armed with
numerous fine, long cornuti. Transtilla a weakly sclerotized band
with slightly hairy, lateral lobes. Gnathos conical, slender; covered
with fine spines. Socii fleshy lobes mainly indicated by hairs.
Female genitalia —Genital plate broad, moderately sclerotized.
ostium situated at about center of plate. Ductus bursae very long
(permitting the bursa coupulatrix to reach extreme anterior portion
of abdomen), slender, gradually becoming larger to form the sym-
metrical bursa copulatrix; inception of ductus seminalis well before
ostium. Signum a small, lightly sclerotized, spined, bilobed plate.
Alar expanse, 20-26 mm.
Type.—tin the United States National Museum.
Type locality—‘Camp Watson,” Oreg. (III-IV-1872, Walsing-
ham).
Food plants —Osmorhiza (Dr. A. F. Braun, 1921); O. occidentalis
Torr. (Clarke, 1935).
Note-—Osmorhiza occidentalis Torr. Although the three species
of Osmorhiza (occidentalis, divaricata, and brevipes) that are in-
digenous to the State of Washington were found at Godman Springs,
Blue Mountains, at an altitude of approximately 6,000 feet, larvae
infested only O. occidentalis. An extended search was made to
determine the host specificity of the species, and in all localities where
the food plants were found rosaciliella attacked only O. occidentalis.
Distribution.—Northwestern United States and southwestern
Canada.
United States records
Montana: Glacier National Park, ¢ (August 7, 1920, A. F. Braun).
Oregon: “Camp Watson,” 9 (IIJ-IV-1872, Walsingham).
Washington: Godman Springs, Blue Mountains, alt. 6,000 feet, 8 ¢@ 4 (VIII-3
to 8-385); Pullman, @ (IIJ—1-98, C. V. Piper).
Canadian records
British Columbia: Kaslo, ¢ (Dyar and Cockle) ; Trout Lake, ¢ (18-VIII-1937,
H. Leech).
Saskatchewan: Scott, 9 (20—X—1923, Kenneth M. King).
Remarks.—\ have before me a series of 12 specimens reared from
Osmorhiza occidentalis and 90 from Echinopanax horridum. The
former series is from the interior of Washington State, while the
latter is from the Puget Sound (coastal) region.
For some time I have thought that these two series represented two
distinct but closely related species. I am now of the opinion, how-
ever, that they are conspecific, but that the coastal specimens represent
a distinct race. The interior specimens are, with one exception, con-
siderably darker and more suffused than those from the Puget Sound
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—-CLARKE 8o
area, but on genitalia characters they are identical, and for this
reason I do not feel justified in separating them specifically. The
larvae show a few differences in coloration, but larvae of this group
are likely to vary even though they may come from eggs of the same
female. No doubt the color variation existing between the two groups
of specimens is induced by differences in food plants. The habits of
the larvae are much the same, both forming rolls, but those on
Osmorhiza have an easier time of it because of the small size of the
leaves on which they work; those on /'chinopanax have to cut the
leaf from the edge inwardly first and then form the roll.
I am including a description of the larvae from both localities so
that their similarities and differences may be appreciated better. In
the main the larvae are the same.
Dr. Braun has been kind enough to send me a specimen from Yellow-
stone National Park reared by her from Osmorhiza. It resembles the
Puget Sound series more closely than do the eastern Washington
specimens.
The larva is as follows: Length, 15-16 mm. Head dull yellowish
brown, spotted with a darker brown posterolaterally ; from the base of
the antenna, extending in a line to the posterior edge of the head, is a
broad blackish-brown band constricted in the middle (in some speci-
mens the band is considerably broader than in others) ; ocelli light
brown. The margins of the underside of the head are blackish brown.
Cervical shield pale green, broadly edged laterally and posteriorly with
black and bisected with a fine whitish-green median line. Thoracic
and abdominal segments bright green heavily suffused with reddish
purple in the dorsal half when the larva is mature. Posteriorly on
the segments the reddish-purple color entirely obscures the green. In
the dorsal half there are three brownish-fuscous longitudinal stripes,
the outer ones fully twice as broad as the median one. On abdominal
segments 2-7 inclusive, near the dorsoanterior margin, on each side
of the dorsal stripe, is an outwardly oblique line of 4 to 6 small green
spots. Between the longitudinal lines are several small green spots
generally following folds in the skin. Anal plate green, heavily suf-
fused with reddish purple. Tubercles black centrally, whitish green
eutwardly. Spiracies ringed with black, with a whitish-green suffu-
sion outwardly. Thoracic legs concolorous with segments.
Dr. A. F. Braun first discovered larvae of this species in Yellow-
stone National Park. She has sent me one bred specimen from this
lot of larvae. Although the food plant is widespread throughout the
inland empire, the larvae are very difficult to locate. Much time has
been spent in a search for these larvae in order to clear up the status
of this and related species. On July 18, 1935, a stand of Osmorhiza
was found at Godman Springs, Blue Mountains, Columbia County,
86 PROCEEDINGS OF 'THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Wash., at an altitude of 6,000 feet. After a somewhat prolonged
search ten larvae and one pupa were collected, the latter being the
first found.
The larva is distinctly a leaf roller, not invading the umbels as is
done so commonly by members of Agonopteriz and Depressaria. The
pupa was found in an umbel, but there was no sign of feeding having
taken place, and I do not think it is the usual habit for pupation to
occur there. It seems more likely that pupation generally occurs
about the base of the plant in debris. This larva is one of the most
active in the group, being easily disturbed and very difficult to capture.
Pupa: Normal for group: Wing, antenna, and leg sheaths bright
green. Abdominal segments green heavily suffused with reddish pur-
ple dorsally. On the second day the color begins to deepen; the
sheaths become a duller and darker green and the abdominals a light
reddish brown. The color gradually becomes darker until the pupa
is almost black.
The pupal period is 13-14 days.
This species is very close to the European ci/iella and was identified
as such by Walsingham. The American rosaciliella has a much more
slanting termen and appears to be a more narrow-winged species than
ciliella. The genitalia of the male of rosaciliella show a truncated
anellus, while in céliella the anellus is concave. The harpes of the
former species are less pointed and broader than those of the latter.
The abdomen of the type is lost, but I do not hesitate to place the
reared series under this name.
AGONOPTERIX ROSACILIELLA ECHINOPANICIS, new variety
Similar to typical rosaciliella but may be distinguished from it by
the generally lighter color and less suffused and less smoky appear-
ance. The black scaling is sparser and more sharply contrasted.
The male and female genitalia are the same as those of typical
rosaciliella.
Alar expanse, 20-26 mm.
Type.—vU.S. N. M. No. 52252.
Type locality—Skyline Ridge, Mount Baker district, Whatcom
County, Wash. Altitude 2,500-3,000 feet.
Food plant—Echinopanax horridum (Smith) Dene. and Planch.
Remarks.—Described from the type ¢ and 78 ¢ and @? paratypes
as follows: Skyline Ridge and Bagley Creek, Whatcom County, Wash.,
altitude 2,500-3,000 feet, 35 ¢ ¢ and 40 2 @ (September 5-12, 1933
and 1935, J. F. G. Clarke); Fraser Mills, British Columbia, 2 2 9
(IV-10-21, IV-4-23, L. E. Marmont) ; Vancouver, British Columbia,
2 (no date).
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—-CLARKE 87
Paratypes in the United States National Museum, Canadian Na-
tional collection, and the collection of H. H. Keifer, Sacramento,
Calif.
The larva is as follows: Length, 14-16 mm.; head dark brown to
black. Thoracic shield greenish to light brown bisected by a whitish
median line and broadly bordered with black on the posterolateral
edges. Thoracic and abdominal segments green, the latter suffused
dorsally with reddish; from the mesothorax, in the dorsal half, two
broad longitudinal brown stripes; a third median longitudinal stripe
of the same color beginning at the first abdominal segment and con-
tinuing posteriorly the full length of the body. Thoracic legs green-
ish. Tubercles black. Spiracles edged with black. Anal plate light
brown.
Pupa: At first yellowish green with the abdominal segments suffused
with reddish dorsally. In 24 hours the wing sheaths become green
and the abdominal segments reddish brown. The pupa finally turns
deep reddish brown; wing sheaths nearly black, but they still retain
a greenish sheen.
The pupal period of 12 to 15 days.
AGONOPTERIX NOVI-MUNDI (Walsingham)
PLATE 28, FicurEes 168, 168a
Depressaria parilella novi-mundi WALSINGHAM, Ins. Life, vol. 1, p. 256, 1889.—
Ritgy, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5273,
1891.—Busck, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 74, 1902.
Depressaria novimundi (Walsingham) Busck, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull.
52, No. 5866, 1903.—Kerarrort, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, No. 6409, 1903—Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc.
180, p. 175, 1922.—GarppE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p.
335, 1939.
Agonopteryz novimundi (Walsingham) Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35,
p. 198, 1908.
Agonopteriz novimundi (Walsingham) McDunnouGH, Check list of the Lepi-
doptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidop-
tera), No. 8428, 1939.
Agnopteryx novimundi (Walsingham) Barnes and McDunnovueH, Check list of
the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6454, 1917.
Labial palpus sordid whitish; irrorated with blackish fuscous
inwardly and outwardly on the second segment and in the brush;
third segment with black subbasal and supramedial annuli, An-
tenna blackish fuscous with grayish annulations. Head, thorax, and
ground color of fore wing grayish fuscous, the latter heavily overlaid
with dull purplish fuscous; head scales and dark scales of fore wing
tipped with cinereous; at base of fore wing an indistinct fuscous
patch followed by a poorly defined yellowish-brown shade; at basal
third an outwardly oblique black dash in disk edged with yellowish
88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
brown; at end of cell an indistinct white discal spot; between veins,
in apical third, yellowish-brown shading; along costa and around
termen a series of poorly defined fuscous spots; cilia fuscous tipped
with white. Hind wing shining yellowish fuscous; cilia concolorous,
lighter apically. Legs cinereous strongly overlaid with shining yel-
lowish fuscous except at joints.
Male genitalia—Harpe broad, sparsely clothed with hairs; clasper
slender, pointed, dilated about middle, reaching two-thirds distance
to costa. Anellus more or less rectangular, longer than broad, con-
cave on each side before posterior end and also on posterior margin;
lateral lobes weak, hairy. Vinculum rounded. Aedeagus stout, bent,
pointed, the point slightly upturned; vesica with a weak spinulate
patch about middle. Transtilla a broad, sclerotized band with large
hairy lateral lobes. Gnathos an oval, spined knob. Socii large hairy,
fleshy flaps.
Alar expanse, 16 mm.
Type.—tIn the British Museum.
Type localities—Mount Shasta, Siskiyou County, Calif., and
“North Oregon.”
Remarks.—Various specimens in collections have been associated
with this species, but the only two I have seen that belong under this
name are paratypes of Lord Walsingham’s that he deposited in the
National collection. I have seen no females.
AGONOPTERIX PALLIDELLA (Busck)
PLATE 32, FIGURES 182, 182a; PLATE 44, Wicurp 256
Depressaria pallidella Busck, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 765, 1904.—ANbDER-
sON, Catalogue of British Columbia Lepidoptera, No. 1095, 1904.—Meryrick,
im Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 174, 1922.—Garpe, in Bryk,
Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 337, 1939.
Agnoptery» pallidella (Busck) BARNES and McDunNNouGH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6461, 1917.
Agonopterix pallidella (Busck) McDuNNoUGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8418, 1989.
Agonopteryx terinella BARNES and BuscxK, Contr. Lepid. North America, vol. 4,
p. 232, pl. 28, fig. 15, 1920.
Agonopteriz terinella (Buseck) McDuNNovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8418, 1939. (As synonym of pallidella (Busck).)
Depressaria terinella Mryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 180,
p. 174, 1922.
Agonopteryw serrae CLARKE, Can. Ent., vol. 65, p. 84, pl. 5, 1933.
Agonopterix serrae (Clarke) McDuNnNouGu, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8418, 1989. (As synonym of pallidella (Busck).)
Depressaria serrae (Clarke) Garpr, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92,
p. 350, 1939
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 89
Labial palpus whitish ochreous, second segment irrorated with
blackish fuscous exteriorly; third segment with subbasal and supra-
medial bands blackish fuscous. Antenna fuscous. Head, thorax,
and fore wing light ochreous. Face shining light silvery ochreous;
head with light infuscation anteriorly; thorax and fore wing irro-
rated with blackish fuscous and shaded with fuscous; extreme base
whitish ochreous, with a single blackish fuscous spot in the fold and
followed by a rapidly fading fuscous shade; along costa and around
termen a series of blackish fuscous spots; at basal third, in cell, two
black discal spots, obliquely one above the other, followed by a fuscous
cloud; the latter is in turn followed by a blackish fuscous spot at end
of cell; cilia light grayish fuscous irrorated with whitish ochreous.
Hind wing grayish fuscous, cilia concolorous, with a slightly darker
basal band. Legs whitish ochreous; fore and mid legs heavily over-
laid with fuscous except at joints; hind leg overlaid with fuscous on
femur with slight infuscation on tibia and tarsus. Abdomen fuscous
above; beneath whitish ochreous with broad, fuscous lateral line on
each side.
Male genitalia—Harpe almost entirely clothed with fine hairs;
cucullus rounded, with several long, coarse marginal hairs;
clasper straight, reaching just beyond middle of harpe; anellus
a moderately sclerotized plate (with the posterior edge convex),
with large sparsely hairy lobes laterally. Vinculum rounded, with
dorsoanterior process well developed. Aedeagus stout, slightly bent
about middle, and bearing a flat, sclerotized basal process by which
the aedeagus articulates with the anellus. Transtilla a narrow, lightly
sclerotized band. Gnathos a heavily spined cone. Socii flat, hairy
lobes. Terminal portion of tegumen pointed.
Female genitalia—Genital plate narrow. Ostium semicircular.
Ductus bursee membranous, becoming gradually larger to form the
symmetrical bursa copulatrix. Signum an oblong-oval, toothed plate.
Alar expanse, 17-24 mm.
Types.—In the United States National Museum.
Type localities—Kaslo, British Columbia (pallidella) ; Silverton,
Colo. (terénella) ; Pullman, Wash. (serrae).
Food plant.—Senecio serra Hook.
Distribution —Western United States and southwestern Canada.
United States records
California: Warner Mountains, 3 miles east of Davis Creek, Modoe County, alt.
5,500 feet, 2 ¢¢ and @ (VILS8 to 15-22, A. W. Lindsey).
Colorado: Silverton, 3 ¢ 4 and 2 (August 24-30).
Utah: Stockton, 2 ¢ 6 and 2 (VII-8-07, VII-30-13, VII-21-07, Tom Spalding) ;
Warner Ranger Station, La Sal Mountains, 9,000 feet, (July 1933, A. B.
Klots).
90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Washington: Pullman, 31 6 ¢ and 87 22 (VI-15 to VII-3-1932-35, J. F. G.
Clarke [reared] ).
Canadian records
British Columbia: Kaslo, ¢ (Dyar and Cockle) ; Keremeos, 3 $ ¢ (VI-80 to
VII-11-23, C. B. Garrett).
Remarks—1I do not hesitate to accept the above synonymy after
carefully studying the types of all three species. It is not surpris-
ing that the three species should have been described because of the
apparent differences. When carefully compared these differences are
reduced to mere shades of coloration. The specimens of ¢ertmella are
somewhat darker than the type of pailidella, and this is no doubt
due to the fact that they are in better condition than the rubbed type
of the latter species. A long reared series of serrae shows all but one
or two decidedly darker than either of the two types above, but this
depth of color is purely environmental. There are no differences
in the genitalia of either the males or females.
Under this name a long series of both reared and captured speci-
mens from British Columbia and California has previously been
placed. Although the genitalia of these specimens are similar to
pallidella they are amply different in other respects. They are de-
scribed on an earlier page of this paper as A. fusciterminella, new
species.
AGONOPTERIX ARNICELLA (Walsingham)
PLATE 33, FIGURE 186
Depressaria arnicella WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 313, pl. 36,
fig. 3—Rixey, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5254,
1891.—Buscx, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 738, 1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat.
Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5859, 1903.—KrArrort, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, No. 6402 1903.—ANpbrERSON, Catalogue of British Columbia
Lepidoptera, No. 1089, 1904.—Krarrotr, Can. Ent., vol. 37, p. 296, 1905.—
Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 180, p. 174, 1922.—Gakpg,
in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 807, 1939.
Agonopteryz arniceila (Walsingham) Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol 35, p.
198, 1808.
Agonopterix arnicella (Walsingham) McDunnovueH, Check list of the Lepidop-
tera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera)
No. 8414, 1939.
Agnopteryz arnicella (Walsingham) Barnes and McDuNnNouaH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6452, 1917.
Labial palpus pale whitish ochreous; second segment heavily over-
laid with fuscous exteriorly and with a pink spot, about the middle
of brush, inwardly; third segment with apex and subterminal annulus
black and a poorly defined subbasal annulus fuscous. Antenna dark
grayish fuscous. Face shining whitish. Head yellowish ochreous;
tuft beneath eye brilliant carmine. Thorax and fore wing pale whitish
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE O1
ochreous; thorax suffused and irrorated with fuscous; pale basal shade
of fore wing with black suffusion on extreme base of costa, a black
spot in fold and followed by a fuscous shade that does not reach costa;
on the inner margin, at angle, an elongate black blotch in the fuscous
shade; along costa and around termen a series of blackish-fuscous
spots; apical third of costa roseate; at basal third two black discal
spots, obliquely one above the other, followed by a fuscous shade; at
end of cell a white discal spot edged with black; cilia grayish fuscous
suffused with reddish. Hind wing shining gray; cilia concolorous,
with strong reddish suffusion. Legs whitish ochreous strongly over-
laid with fuscous except at joints; tip of tibia of first leg and the tips
of tibia and first tarsal segment of second leg, carmine; tibia of hind
leg with strong reddish suffusion.
Male genitalia—Harpe broad, moderately sclerotized, sparsely
clothed with fine hairs; sacculus slightly emarginate at base of clasper,
otherwise parallel with costa; harpe not narrowing toward the broad,
rounded cucullus; clasper very short and slender, scarcely reaching
past the middle of the harpe. Anellus an oval plate constricted basally
and produced posteriorly, with hairy, lateral lobes. Vinculum
rounded. Transtilla a broad but lightly sclerotized band with small
narrow, lateral lobes. Gnathos an oval, spined knob. Socii mod-
erately clothed with fine hairs. Aedeagus slender, curved, pointed;
dilated slightly basally and with a well developed sclerotized arm by
which the aedeagus articulates with the anellus; vesica armed with
numerous fine, weak cornuti.
Alar expanse, 22 mm.
Type.—In the British Museum.
Tupe locality—Mount Shasta, Calif.
Food plants—Arnica angustifolia (Vahl) (?); Hrigeron sp. (Dr.
Braun’s record).
Remarks. —I have received a male and a female of this species from
Dr. Annette F. Braun, of Cincinnati, Ohio. This is the first record of
the occurrence of this species since its discovery at Mount Shasta,
Calif., by Lord Walsingham in 1871. Dr. Braun’s material was reared
from larvae collected at Hoh Lake, Olympic Mountains, Wash.,
August 13,1936. The moths emerged September 2, 1936. This record
extends the known range of the species 1,000 miles northward.
Notes made in the field by Dr. Braun are as follows: “Larvae in the
top of Hrigeron shoot, webbing together the uppermost leaves and
flowerbuds; very dark purplish in color, with paler tubercles.”
The food plant, as recorded by Dr. Braun, casts some doubt on
the correctness of Lord Walsingham’s determination of the host of
arnicella. Both food plants are Compositae, but I question Lord
Walsingham’s record.
92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
The female submitted by Dr. Braun is the first I have seen. Lord
Walsingham did not specify the sexes of the five specimens in his
type series, and, although he probably had a female or two, the one
before me is the only authentic one in this country. There are two
male paratypes from Lord Walsingham’s series in the National col-
lection and one male in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cam-
bridge, Mass. I have compared the genitalia of one of the National
Museum paratypes with the genitalia of Dr. Braun’s male and find
them identical. The male genitalia of arnicella are unique in the
genus so there can be no doubt about the identity of the Washington
specimens.
I am greatly indebted to Dr. Braun for this interesting record and
also for the male specimen she has deposited in the National collection.
AGONOPTERIX ROBINIELLA (Packard)
PLATE 29, FIcuRES 169, 169a ; PLATE 44, FIGURE 259
Depressaria robiniella PACKARD, Guide to the study of insects, p. 349, pl. 8, fig. 14,
1869.—CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., vol. 4, p. 91, 107, 1872; Cincinnati Quart. Journ.
Sci., vol. 1, p. 208, 1874.—WAtsIncHAM, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1881, p. 312.—
Ritry, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5278, 1891.—
Busck, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 745, 1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus.
Bull. 52, No. 5882, 1903.—KerarrortT, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, No 6425, 1903.—Traver, Psyche, vol. 26, p. 78, 1919.—Meryrick,
in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 176, 1922.—Garpr, in Bryk,
Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 346, 1939.
Agonopteryz robiniella (Packard) Buscxk, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 199,
1908.—ForBEs, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 241, 1923.
Agonopteriz robiniella (Packard) McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8448, 1939.
Agnopteryr robiniella (Packard) SmirH, Catalogue of the insects of New Jersey,
p. 561, 1910.— Barnes and McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, No. 6471, 1917.—Brimiey, The insects of North Carolina,
p. 304, 1988.—Procrer, Biological survey of the Mount Desert region, Part 6,
The insect fauna, p. 273, 1988.
Depressaria hilerella ZrertLeR [not Coquillett, Papilio, vol. 3, p. 98, 1883], Verh.
zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 23, p. 234, 1873—WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 1881, p. 812.—Smirn, Catalogue of the insects of New Jersey, p. 355,
1890.—Riry, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5266,
1891.—DieTz, in Smith, Catalogue of the insects of New Jersey, p. 474, 1900.
Agonopteriz hilarella (Zeller) McDuNNouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8448, 1939. (As synonym of robiniella (Packard).)
Labial palpus whitish ochreous basally, gradually becoming more
yellowish toward the apex; second segment mottled with brick red and
fuscous exteriorly and in the brush; third segment with subbasal and
subterminal annuli brick red and fuscous, respectively, the former
redder, the latter more fuscous. Antenna fuscous with considerable
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 93
red scaling basally, especially above. Head, thorax, and ground color
of fore wing yellow, mottled and overlaid with brick red and irrorated
and shaded with fuscous and black; at basal third two black discal
spots, the one nearer the inner margin less distinct than that toward
costa; discal spot at end of cell absent or very indistinct; replaced by
a subtriangular fuscous shade; before termen a poorly defined dark
band not attaining costa; along costa and around termen a series of
indistinct blackish spots; cilia light fuscous, tinged with red. Hind
wing grayish fuscous with terminal edge narrowly blackish fuscous;
cilia light fuscous with narrow subbasal and subterminal bands. Legs
whitish ochreous suffused and mottled with brick red and fuscous.
Abdomen whitish ochreous strongly overlaid with fuscous above; be-
neath sparsely irrorated with fuscous and black and with a row of
black spots on each side.
Male genitalia—Harpe elongate, clothed with fine hairs, cucullus
pointed; clasper short, stout, straight. Anellus oval, slightly longer
than broad, posterior edge truncated; lateral lobes weak, clothed with
short hairs. Aedeagus stout, shghtly curved; vesica with an elongate
patch of fine, spiculate cornuti. Vinculum rounded. Transtilla a
broad sclerotized band with large lateral lobes. Gnathos an elongate,
oval, spined knob. Socii large, hairy, fleshy flaps.
Female genitalia—Genital plate broad; area posterior to ostium
with two small sclerotized patches. Ostium oval, near center of plate.
Ductus bursae long, membranous, dilated at point of inception of
ductus seminalis. Bursa copulatrix with minute signum.
Alar expanse, 14-20 mm.
Type.—Lost ?
Type locality —Massachusetts ?
Food plants —Robinia pseudoacacia L.; Sanicula?
Distribution.—Northeastern United States and eastern Canada.
United States records
Illinois: Oconee, ¢ (July 1-7).
Maine: Freedom, 2? (J. C. Parlin) ; Salisbury Cove (July 27; ace. Procter).
Maryland: Plummers Island, 2 6 ¢ (August 1903, A. Busck; 2-VIII-20, H. S.
Barber).
Massachusetts: Manchester, ¢ (Beutenmiiller coll.) ; Marthas Vineyard, 5 ¢ ¢,
2 292 (July and August, F. M. Jones); Vineyard Haven, ¢ (“VII-13,”
F. M. Jones) ; Woods Hole (46, 19-VII-1919; 9, 15-VIII-1914, W. T. M.
Forbes).
New Hampshire: Hampton, 3 9? (VII-2-05, VII-S-08, S. A. Shaw).
New York: Bedford, 2 2 9 (15-VII-34, A. B. Klots) ; Ithaca (5 ¢ 4, July and
August dates, W. T. M. Forbes; ¢, 8-VIII-33, E. C. Hodson; ¢, 11—-VII-1928,
6, 22-VII-1928, A. B. Klots; 9, 27-VII-1929, A. G. Richards) ; Mattituck,
Long Island, 2 (4-VI-1933, Roy Latham) ; New Windsor, ¢ (June 1891) ;
Orient, Long Island, 8 6 ¢, 8 29 (April to October dates, 1933-1934, Roy
Latham); Rochester, 9 (31-VII-33, A. B. Klcts) ; Southold, Long Island,
2 (August, Roy Latham).
94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
North Carolina: Black Mountains, @ (“July 4”).
Ohio: Cincinnati, ¢, 9 (VII-11-04, A. F. Braun).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, ¢, 2 (VIII-9-07, VII-20-02, H. D. Merrick) ;
Oak Station, Allegheny County, ¢ (26-VI-1911, Fred Marloff).
Canadian records
Nova Scotia: Bridgetown, 2 (VIII-8-1912, “G. E. 8.”) ; Truro, 2 (25-VII-1913,
R. Matheson).
Ontario: Point Pelee, ¢, 2 (26—-VII and 11-VII-1927, F. P. Ide [reared from
Robinia pseudoacacia]); Port Hope, 2 22 (one, 24-VII-1897; the other
without date or collector) ; Toronto, 2 (no date or collector) ; Trenton, ¢
(12-VII-1908, Evans) ; Vineland Station, 29 9 (5—-VII-1988, W. L. Putnam
{reared from Robinia pseudoacacia] ).
Remarks.—This and the following three species have been confused
repeatedly in collections because of the difficulty of separating them
on superficial characters. The moths of all four intergrade to some
extent, but dimorphella, and less so lecontella, can be distinguished
rather readily. Under the respective species I have discussed their
separation from robiniella.
I have described what I consider to be typical robiniella. It must
be borne in mind that there is considerable variation between speci-
mens and that many lack the red coloration found in the typical
form. The characters I have used in the key, and those I have dis-
cussed in my remarks under the various species, should suffice to
place any doubtful specimens.
AGONOPTERIX LECONTELLA (Clemens)
PLATE 44, FrauRE 260
Depressaria lecontella CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 174.—
Rosinson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 9, p. 157, pl. 1, fig. 9, 1870.—
CLEMENS, in Stainton, Tineina of North America, p. 137, 1872.—CHAMBERS,
Can. Ent., vol. 4, p. 146, 1872; U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p.
188, 1878.—WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 312.—RtLey,
in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5268, 1891.—
Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 745, 1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat.
Mus Bull. 52, No. 5883, 1903.—KEArFoTT, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera
of Boreal America, No. 6426, 1903.—Mryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insec-
torum, fase. 180, p. 176, 1922.—GArDrE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus,
pt. 92, p. 330, 1939.
Agonopteryx lecontella (Clemens) Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p.
199, 1908.
Agnopteryx lecontella (Clemens) BARNES and McDunNouGH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6472, 1917.
Agonopterig lecontella (Clemens) McDuNNouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8447, 1939.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 95
Labial palpus pale ochreous; second segment irrorated exteriorly
with fuscous; third segment with subbasal and median bands fuscous.
Antenna fuscous. Head, thorax, and ground color of fore wing light
ochreous; the thorax, except collar, and fore wing, except base and
basal third of costa, strongly overlaid and suffused with brown; fore
wing sparsely irrorated with black scales, more so in distal half; a
spot at extreme base of costa, one subcostally and another on inner
angle near base, black; at basal third two conspicuous, black discal
spots, one above the other, surrounded by a pale ochreous shade, the
latter followed by a poorly defined fuscous cloud; at the end of cell
a poorly defined whitish-ochreous spot; along costa, around termen to
inner margin a series of small fuscous spots; cilia pale ochreous-
fuscous edged outwardly with pale ochreous. Hind wing grayish
fuscous; cilia somewhat lighter with ochreous-fuscous terminal band.
Legs pale ochreous slightly irrorated and suffused with fuscous. Ab-
domen light ochreous, suffused with fuscous.
Female genitalia.—Genital plate moderately narrow with a strongly
sclerotized, slightly produced anterior edge. Ostium large, occupying
most of length of genital plate. Ductus bursae very long, gradually
tapering into the large asymmetrical bursa copulatrix. Inception of
ductus seminalis on right side of ductus bursae just before ostium.
Bursa bulged out to the right, the evaginated part annulated with a
series of concentric ridges; the signum is a moderately large, strongly
sclerotized, toothed plate with well developed anterior and posterior
points and is situated at the periphery of the evaginated portion of
the bursa copulatrix.
Alar expanse, 18-25 mm.
Type.—tn the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia.
Type locality —‘Pennsylvania.”
Food plant.—Baptisia tinctoria R. Brown.
Distribution—Known only from the type locality (presumably
Pennsylvania) and one other specimen from Arendtsville, Pa. (74-29,
S. W. Frost).
Remarks.—In the National collection there is a single female of
this species. Aside from the type it is the only other specimen I
have seen. Everything else I have seen in the collections under this
name is referable to other species and is dealt with accordingly.
This species can be distinguished from the others with which it
has been confused by the pale area surrounding the two conspicuous
black discal spots at basal third, by the pale whitish-ochreous spot
at the end of the cell, and by the strong signum of the bursa.
This species is not included in the key based on gentalia.
Q6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 90
AGONOPTERIX THELMAE, new species
PLATE 44, FicurE 259A
Depressaria lecontella SmMirH [not Clemens], Catalogue of the insects of New
Jersey, p. 355, 1890.—Dinrz, in Smith, Catalogue of the insects of New
Jersey, p. 474, 1900.
Agonopteryx lecontella Forses [not (Clemens)], Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat.
Memoir 68, p. 241, 1923.
Agnopteryr lecontella SmirH [not (Clemens) ], Catalogue of the insects of New
Jersey, p. 561, 1910.
Labial palpus whitish ochreous; second segment irrorated exteriorly
with reddish fuscous; third segment with blackish-fuscous subbasal
and supramedial bands. Antenna with basal segment whitish ochre-
ous indistinctly annulated with fuscous basally, finally becoming fus-
cous in apical third. Head, thorax, and ground color of fore wing
whitish ochreous. Thorax and fore wing irrorated with fuscous and
suffused with dull reddish; beneath inner edge of tegula, on each side,
a fuscous spot; extreme base of costa and a narrow line beyond light
basal area, fuscous; at basal third two superposed blackish-fuscous
spots; a similar one at end of cell preceded by an orange-red streak;
between this streak and the costa a small fuscous shade; along costa
and around termen a series of indistinct fuscous spots, those around
termen more reddish; cilia whitish ochreous with a reddish tint.
Hind wing fuscous; cilia whitish ochreous banded with fuscous. Legs
whitish ochreous suffused and irrorated with reddish fuscous except
at joints. Abdomen whitish ochreous heavily overlaid with fuscous
above and with a row of black spots on each side beneath.
Male geniialia—Similar to robiniella but with slightly narrower
transtilla and with coarse, though small, cornuti.
Female genitalia.—Genital plate narrow, convexly produced an-
teriorly. Ostium large, broad, oval, about middle of genital plate.
Ductus bursae membranous except for a strongly dilated, lightly sclero-
tized area near posterior third; inception of ductus seminalis near os-
tium. Bursa copulatrix moderately large, without signum.
Alar expanse, 17-25 mm.
Type—vU. 8. N. M. No. 53175.
Type locality —Oak Station, Allegheny County, Pa. (24-VITI-1910,
Fred Marloff).
Food plant—Unknown.
Remarks.—Described from the ¢ type, 16 ¢ and 14 92 paratypes as
follows: ¢, “Connecticut”; 3 3 3, Plummers Island, Md. (July, Au-
gust, 1903, A. Busck; 2-VII-1920, H. S. Barber); @ Marthas Vine-
yard, Mass. (September 1, F. M. Jones) ; 9, Ithaca, N. Y. (2-ITX—1924,
W. T. M. Forbes); 9, Lenox ({New York?]; Beutenmiiller) ; 2 9 9
“New York”; 3, Linwood Hill, N. Y. (14-VII-1888, H. G. Dyar); 3,
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 97
Sea Cliff, Long Island, N. Y. (“August”); 12 ¢ 4, 2 Oak Station,
Allegheny County, Pa. (July and August dates, 1908-1911, Fred Mar-
loff) ; 2, Lobo, Ontario (29-VIII-1924, H. F. Hudson) ;2 2 2, Port
Hope, Ontario (17-VIII-1896, 15-VIII-1897, no collector); 2 2 9,
Toronto, Ontario (no date or collector); 2 @ ¢@, Montreal, Quebec
(10-IX-1904, no collector).
Paratypes in the United States National Museum, Canadian Na-
tional, and Cornell University collections.
This species is difficult to separate, with certainty, from robiniella
on superficial characters and on male genitalia. All the specimens I
have seen, however, have a distinct orange-red bar or dash in the cell
before the outer discal spot; all specimens of robiniella I have seen
lack it. The females can be easily separated by genitalia. The gen-
ital plate of thelmae is narrow, that of robiniella broad.
In addition to the type series I have seen 2 ¢ 2 from Massachusetts
(Chilmark, “VIII-6” George D. Eustis; Vineyard Haven, VITI-10-36,
F. M. Jones) and 1 @ from Maine (October 12, 1938, A. E. Brower).
AGONOPTERIX DIMORPHELLA, new species
PLATE 31, FicurEs 179, 179a; PLATE 40, FiguRE 229
A medium-sized species superficially resembling Jecontella and
robinella but darker and smaller than either.
Labial palpus with second segment creamy white irrorated with
fuscous outwardly; third segment fuscous with each scale tip and
a median, inner fascia creamy white. Antenna with basal segment
and proximal fourth creamy white beneath and fuscous above; distal
three-fourths fuscous with narrow, lighter annulations. Head,
thorax, and fore wing reddish ochreous, suffused with fuscous.
From costa a fuscous median shade extending almost to inner mar-
gin; well before termen a similar but narrower, less conspicu-
ous outwardly curved shade; before middle of cell two small black
discal spots, one above the other; at end of cell a conspicuous yellow
discal spot; cilia fuscous, irrorated with creamy white, and with a
distinct pink tinge; underside of fore wing blackish fuscous. Hind
wing blackish fuscous; cilia a lighter shade of the same color. Fore
leg with femur fuscous inwardly, creamy white outwardly; tibia
creamy white overlaid or irrorated with fuscous outwardly; tarsi
fuscous annulated with creamy white. Mid legs and hind legs creamy
white with tibiae fuscous outwardly; tarsi fuscous with creamy white
annulations. Abdomen fuscous above, creamy white beneath with a
black lateral line on each side.
Male genitalia—Harpe moderately clothed with hairs; cucullus
pointed; clasper stout, short, scarcely exceeding middle of harpe,
286614—41—_5 =m
98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
bluntly pointed; sacculus moderately sclerotized. Annellus longer
than broad, constricted basally; lateral edges convex; posterior edge
concave; lateral lobes poorly developed. Aedeagus stout, slightly
curved, bluntly pointed; vesica armed with a large patch of small
cornuti. Vinculum rounded, with prominent dorsoanterior process.
Transtilla a narrow sclerotized band with well developed, hairy
lateral lobes. Socii moderately large hairy lobes. Tegumen pointed.
Female genitalia—Genital plate moderately sclerotized, with pro-
duced, truncate anterior margin. Ostium small, round. Ductus
bursae membranous; inception of ductus seminalis well before ostium.
Signum absent.
Alar expanse, 11-18 mm.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 52947.
Type locality—Henry, Putnam County, Ill.
Food plant.—Amorpha fruticosa L.
Remarks.—Described from the ¢ type, 78 ¢ and 65 @ paratypes
all from the same locality. These are all reared specimens, bearing
May and June dates, from larvae collected by Murray O. Glenn.
Paratypes in the collections of Murray O. Glenn, Magnolia, IIl.;
H. H. Keifer, Sacramento, Calif.; Dr. Annette F. Braun, Cincinnati,
Ohio. ; Los Angeles Museum; and Canadain National Museum.
In this species the males are strikingly darker and smaller and the
markings less contrasting than in the females.
I am indebted to Mr. Glenn for the long series of reared specimens
which make up the type series. Some of the specimens were reared
by Mr. Glenn while others were reared in Washington from
larvae submitted by him. The specimens reared at Washington are
identical with those reared in Illinois, although the emergence dates
are earlier for the former than for the latter.
Of this species Mr. Glenn writes, “The first emergence was June 4
(1938), and the heaviest from June 10-13. Pupation in the field
occurs immediately (after the larva matures) at the base of the
plant. In many instances this is the only place available as the
shrub is often completely surrounded by water, except for a small
hummock, about a foot in diameter, formed by the plant roots.”
This species may be separated readily from robzniella or lecon-
tella by the yellow discal spot of the fore wing.
AGONOPTERIX ARGILLACEA (Walsingham)
PLATE 29, F1cuRrES 171, 171a ; PLATE 44, FIGURE 255
Depressaria argillacea WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 313, pl.
36, fig. 2.—Ritey, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No.
5252, 1891—Buscx, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 788, 1902; tm Dyar,
U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5860, 1903; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 99
768, 1904—Anprerson, Catalogue of British Columbia Lepidoptera, No. 1090,
1904.—Kerarrort, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No.
6403, 1903; Can. Ent., vol. 37, p. 296, 1995——Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera
insectorum, fase. 180, p. 174, 1922—GarEpr, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum cata-
logus, pt. 92, p. 806, 1939.
Agonopteryx argillacea (Walsingham) Buscx, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35,
p. 199, 1908.—Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 238, 1923.
Agonopterix argillacea (Walsingham) McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidop-
tera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8413, 1939.
Agnopteryx argillacea (Walsingham) BArNes and McDUNNovUGH, Check list of
the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6459, 1917.
Agonopterya blacella BARNES and Buseck, Contr. Lepid. N. Amer., vol. 4, p. 282,
pl. 88, fig. 2, 1920. (New synonymy.)
Agonopterix biacella (Barnes and Busck) McDunnovucH, Check list of the Lepi-
doptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidop-
tera), No. 8422, 1939.
Depressaria blaceila (Barnes and Busck) Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insec-
torum, fasc. 180, p. 174, 1922.
Labial palpus, antenna, head, thorax, and fore wing pale grayish
ochreous; labial palpus suffused and lightly irrorated exteriorly on
second segment with fuscous; third segment with subbasal and sub-
apical annuli (the former poorly defined) and tip blackish fuscous;
antenna darker apically; face lighter than rest of head; pale basal
patch of fore wing diffused along costa and bounded below it by an
outwardly diffused but inwardly distinct blackish-fuscous shade; re-
mainder of fore wing sparsely irrorated with black scales; along costa
and around termen a series of indistinct fuscous spots; at basal third, in
cell, two black discal spots (sometimes containing some brown scales)
obliquely one above the other, followed by a blackish fuscous cloud
above the middle of the wing and reaching a sordid-whitish discal
spot at the end of cell; the spot at end of cell is narrowly edged with
blackish fuscous and brown scales and usually preceded by a similar,
brown-edged white spot; cilia concolorous with ground color of fore
wing. Hind wing and cilia pale grayish ochreous, the latter with
light-fuscous basal band. Legs pale grayish ochreous suffused with
blackish fuscous except at joints. Abdomen light grayish fuscous
above; beneath, pale grayish ochreous with a lateral row of black
spots on each side.
Male genitalia—Harpe ample, moderately sclerotized and clothed
with hair; cucullus rounded; clasper slender, straight, reaching be-
yond center of harpe. Anellus broadly rectangular, somewhat nar-
rower basally, longer than broad and with weakly developed lateral
lobes. Vinculum rounded. Aedeagus moderately sclerotized; stout,
curved with apex pointed and sometimes slightly dorsally upturned.
Gnathos an elongate oval spined knob. Socii fleshy, hairy lobes.
100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Female genitalia —Ostium spindle-shaped (transverse). Genital
plate moderately broad, produced anteriorly, the production of the
anterior margin as wide as the genital plate is long. Ductus bursae
membranous, variable in length; inception of ductus seminalis just
anterior to ostium. Bursa copulatrix not abruptly defined but
formed by the gradual broadening of the ductus bursae. Signum a
sclerotized, toothed, diamond-shaped plate.
Alar expanse, 19-24 mm.
Types.—In the British Museum (argillacea) ; in the United States
National Museum (blacella).
Type localities—Newville, Tehama County, Calif. (argillacea) ;
Shasta Retreat and Truckee, Calif. (blacella). .
Food plant.—Salix spp.
Distribution—Western United States and western Canada and
northeastern United States and eastern Canada.
United States records
California: Sacramento, 11 ¢¢,2 22 (V-10 to 24-33, H. H. Keifer [reared]) ;
Truckee, 8 ¢¢,8 992 (August and October dates, Ximena McGlashan).
Idaho: Johnson’s Bar, Snake River, 9 (I1V—10-26, J. F. G. Clarke).
Oregon: Fort Klamath, Fort Watson (Walsingham).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, 2 (VI-—20—07, H. D. Merrick).
Washingten: Dieringer, 2 (VIII-1-32, W. W. Baker [reared]) ; Battleground,
Clark County, 6 (VIII-22-30, J. F. G. Clarke) ; Logan Hill, Chehalis, ¢,
Q (II-5-380, III-28-30, T. M. Clarke); Pullman (4 ¢ 24,3 29, March to
November dates, T. M. and J. F. G. Clarke [reared]).
Canadian records
British Columbia: Duncan, @ (‘‘1—-10—-12”, Hanham) ; Vancouver, ¢ (IV-6-03) ;
Victoria, 3, 2 (“7-9-03”; “3-7-03”) ; Wellington, 2 ¢ ¢ (IV-30-02), @ @
(2-5-02” ; “20-4-07”) 4 24 (April, G. W. Taylor).
New Brunswick: Frederickton, 2 (Aug. 27, 1929, R. P. Gorham).
Ontario: Biscotasing, ¢ (VIII-4-31, Karl Schedl) ; Bobcaygeon, ¢ (VIII-16-32,
J. McDunnough) ; Stittsville, ¢ (21—VIII-1939, E. G. Lester).
Remarks—The study of 22 male and female genitalia slides, to-
gether with host records, convinces me that the above synonymy is
correct.
A paratype of Walsingham’s argillacea is before me. This speci-
men, in good condition, although somewhat faded, exactly matches
specimens of blacella. All the male genitalia are identical except
for slight variations in the harpe, a phenomenon frequently encoun-
tered in this group. The female genitalia show wide variation in the
length of the ductus bursae, but a study of Busck’s cotypes of blacella
show this wide variation in length even in the type series. The length
of the ductus bursae is not a reliable character for the separation of
species of this group.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 101
I have before me long bred series from various localities, all show-
ing some variation. Specimens from Sacramento, Calif., match Wal-
singham’s description of argillacea, while other bred specimens from
Washington State match the types of blacella. The pattern of both is
identical. The depth of color and the definition of the discal spots
vary throughout the series. These characters cannot be used for dif-
ferentiation of species since, in any long bred series, all degrees of
depth of color or definition of spots may be found.
AGONOPTERIX NIGRINOTELLA (Busck)
PLATE 29, Figures 170, 170a; Puate 45, FIguRE 265
Depressaria nigrinotella Buscx, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 9, p. 88, 1908.—
MeryRIcK, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 176, 1922.—GaArnn, in
Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 334, 1939.
Agonopteryx nigrinotella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 198, 1908.—
BaRNEsS and Busck, Contr. Lepid. N. Amer., vol. 4, p. 282, 1920.—Forsss,
Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 240, 1923.
Agonopteriz nigrinotella (Busck) McDunnovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8444, 1939.
Agnopteryx nigrinotella (Busck) BARNES and McDuNNouGH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6444, 1917.
Labial palpus pale yellowish brown; second segment sparsely irro-
rated with blackish fuscous exteriorly; third segment with basal
three-fourths and apex black. Antenna fuscous. Head light reddish
brown. Thorax, base, and basal half of costa of fore wing light yel-
lowish brown; anterior edge of thorax and tegula somewhat darker
brown; posterior tip of thorax blackish fuscous. Fore wing brownish
fuscous faintly irrorated with blackish fuscous; beyond light basal
part of wing a blackish-fuscous shade, which fades rapidly into the
lighter ground color; at basal third, in cell a black discal dot followed
at end of cell by a yellowish-white discal spot; cilia brownish fuscous,
more whitish at tornus. Hind wing shining light yellowish fuscous;
cilia somewhat lighter with pale fuscous subbasal and subterminal
bands. Legs pale yellowish brown, irrorated and suffused with black-
ish fuscous except at joints. Abdomen yellowish.
Male genitalia—Harpe broad, pointed, clothed with long hairs;
clasper moderately sclerotized, slender, reaching almost to costa.
Anellus a rectangular plate longer than broad, with the posterior
edge truncated; lateral lobes weak with only a few hairs. Vinculum
rounded with a well developed dorsoanterior process. Aedeagus ro-
bust, curved, pointed. Transtilla a narrow sclerotized band with
elongated lateral lobes. Gnathos an elongated cone armed with fine
spines. Socii moderate, clothed with many long hairs.
102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Female genitalia—Ostium large, round, near anterior margin of
genital plate; anterior edge of genital plate produced, the production
nearly as wide as the plate is long. Ductus bursae membranous,
long; ductus seminalis entering well before ostium. Bursa copulatrix
relatively small; signum a weakly sclerotized, oval, toothed plate.
Alar expanse, 20-23 mm.
Type.—In the United States National Museum.
Type locality —Cincinnati, Ohio.
Food plants —Xanthoxylum americanum Mill. and Carya (sp. ?).
Distribution —Eastern United States and Canada and probably
as far west as Texas in the South, following the distribution of the
food plant.
United States records
Ohio: Cincinnati, 2 ¢ ¢,4 99 (June and July dates, A. F. Braun).
Canadian records
Ontario: St. Davids, 2 22 (VII-16-34, W. L. Putnam).
Remarks.—Busck * recorded this species from Ptelea trifoliata,
but the food plants of négrinotella are Xanthoxwylum americanum
and Carya (sp. ?). The species referred to by Mr. Busck is an
undescribed species, the description of which follows.
AGONOPTERIX COSTIMACULA, new species
PLATE 30, Ficures 174, 174a; PLATE 45, Figure 261
Agonopteryx nigrinotella BARNES and Busck (not Busck), Contr. Lepid. North
America, vol. 4, p. 232, 1920.
Superficially much like nigrinotella but lighter, less immaculate,
and averaging larger with correspondingly wider wings.
Head light ochreous-fuscous; face whitish ochreous; labial palpus
light ochreous-fuscous, lighter interiorly on second segment and
irrorated with blackish fuscous exteriorly; terminal segment with
blackish-fuscous subbasal and supramedial annuli and apex; antenna
ochreous-fuscous, darker toward apex, narrowly annulated with
blackish fuscous. Thorax light ochreous-fuscous mixed with fuscous
anteriorly; ground color of fore wing ochreous-fuscous, the base and
costa to about middle slightly lighter; light basal area followed by
a blackish-fuscous shading; at basal third two obliquely placed black
discal spots, the upper, inner one large, the outer, lower one small;
at end of cell a light whitish-ochreous discal spot narrowly edged
with fuscous; on costa, six or eight conspicuous fuscous spots and a
series of smaller ones at ends of veins around termen; the whole
71 Busck, Contr. Lepid. North America, vol. 4, p. 232, 1920.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 103
wing is irrorated with black scales; cilia ochreous-fuscous with many
lighter tipped scales. Hind wing light smoky fuscous, lghter
basally, underside heavily shaded with black toward apex; cilia ight
fuscous with narrow, dark, subbasal band. Legs, except tarsi, yel-
lowish ochreous shaded with blackish fuscous; tarsi blackish fuscous
annulated with yellowish ochreous. Abdomen fuscous and whitish
ochreous above and whitish ochreous below with broad, black, lateral
lines.
Male genitalia—Harpe long, moderately wide; cucullus pointed ;
clasper long, stout, straight, reaching costa; sacculus narrowly folded.
Anellus oval, truncated on posterior edge; lateral lobes weak with
few hairs. Vinculum rounded. Aedeagus long, curved, bluntly
pointed; vesica with large spinulate patch in basal half. ‘Transtilla
a narrow sclerotized band with large, hairy, lateral lobes. Gnathos
an oval spined knob. Socii large hairy flaps.
Female genitalia.—Genital plate long; anterior edge folded nar-
rowly. Ostium near anterior margin of plate. Ductus bursae long,
membranous; inception of ductus seminalis well before ostium.
Bursa copulatrix large with small signum.
Alar expanse, 21-25 mm.
Type—vU. 8. N. M. No. 52080.
Type locality—Plummers Island, Md.
Food plant.—Ptelea trifoliata L.
Remarks.—Described from the ¢ type and 51 é and @ paratypes
as follows: 18 ¢ ¢ and 5 2 2, Plummers Island, Md. (March and
April dates, H. S. Barber and August Busck); Decatur, [ll., 6 and
2292 (June 8-15, no collector) ; Cincinnati, ¢ and 2 @ @ (X-8-04,
X-8-07, VI-25-08, A. F. Braun); Clermont County, Ohio, 2 @ 9
(VI-14-14, A. F. Braun); Point Pelee, Ontario, 13 ¢ 3, 8 2 9
(VII-15 to VITI-11-27, F. P. Ide; VII-30-31, G. S. Walley; VII-
97-31, W. J. Brown) ; Pelee Island, Ontario, 2¢ ¢ (VII-30-31, G.S.
Walley).
Paratypes in U.S. National Museum, Canadian National collection,
and collection of Dr. A. F. Braun, Cincinnati, Ohio.
This species has been mixed in collections, being placed under
eupatoriiella (=plummerella), argillacea, and nigrinotella. Ob-
scurely marked specimens of any of these species might easily be
confused. The long clasper which reaches the costa of harpe im-
mediately distinguishes the present species from the others.
I am indebted to Dr. J. McDunnough for a long, reared series from
Point Pelee, Ontario, which has greatly supplemented the material
here.
104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
AGONOPTERIX CANADENSIS (Busck)
PLATE 45, FIGURE 262
Depressaria canadensis Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 744, 1902;
in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5878, 1908.—Krarrortr, in Smith,
List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6421, 1903.—MeryRIckK, in
Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 180, p. 174, 1922—GaArprE, in Bryk,
Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 311, 19389.
Agonopteryx canadensis BuscxK, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35. p, 199, 1908.—
Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 68, p. 240, 1923.
Agonopteriz canadensis (Busck) McDuNnoucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8424, 1939.
Agnopteryx canadensis (Busck) Barnes and McDunnovueH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6467, 1917.
Labial palpus pale ochreous-white; second segment evenly
springled with blackish fuscous exteriorly; third segment with broad
subbasal and subapical annuli and tip black. Antenna fuscous with
indistinct black annulations. Head, thorax, and fore wing pale yel-
lowish gray; face creamy white; thorax with a few light-reddish
scales mixed; pale base of fore wing diffused along costa, containing
a small black spot in fold and bounded below with a rapidly fading
blackish-fuscous shade; remainder of fore wing irrorated with black-
ish-fuscous and black; along costa and around termen to near middle
of inner margin a pronounced series of well-defined black spots; on
costa, in apical third of wing, and on basal half of inner margin a
rosy tint; at basal third a pair of rather large black discal spots,
obliquely one above the other and followed by a blackish-fuscous
shade above the middle of the wing; at the end of cell a black discal
spot; cilia yellowish gray, slightly darker than ground color of fore
wing. Hind wing light fuscous; cilia sordid whitish with yellowish
tint. Legs ochreous-white mottled and suffused with blackish fus-
cous except at joints.
Female genitalia—Genital plate narrow, weakly sclerotized, pro-
duced anteriorly. Ostium occupying nearly all central portion of
genital plate; inception of ductus seminalis well before ostium. Duc-
tus bursae membranous, very long, slender, gently tapering to form
the small bursa copulatrix. Signum of bursa a small, narrow, 4-
pointed plate, with anterior point longer than posterior.
Alar expanse, 17 mm.
Type.—In the United States National Museum.
Type locality—Winnipeg, Manitoba (A. W. Hanham).
Remarks.—The female type is the only specimen of this species
I have seen. It is very distinct and should not be confused with
any other described North American species.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 105
Specimens from British Columbia and Ontario have been sent to
me under this name, but all these are referable to other species
(klamathiana or sciadopa) to which there is, in some cases, a super-
ficial resemblance. The genitalia of canadensis show no close re-
semblance to those of the other species, and canadensis is further dis-
tinguishable from them by lacking discal spots that the others possess.
AGONOPTERIX FLAVICOMELLA (Engel)
PLATE 30, Ficures 173, 1738a ; PLATE 45, FIGURE 267
Depressaria flavicomella ENGEL, Ent. News, vol. 18, p. 276, 1907.—MeEyRIck, in
Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 174, 1922—-GArEpDrE, in Bryk,
Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 824, 1939.
Agonopteryx flavicomella (Engel) Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 199,
1908.—Forvrs, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 240, 1923.
Agonopteriz flavicomella (Engel) McDunnovuGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8420, 1939.
Agnopteryx flavicomella (Engel) SMIrH, Catalogue of the insects of New Jersey,
p. 561, 1910—Barnes and McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, No. 6463, 1917.—Brimiry, The insects of North Carolina,
p. 304, 1938.
Labial palpus and head pale whitish ochreous; second segment of
palpus strongly irrorated and suffused with blackish fuscous exteriorly
and in brush; third segment immaculate; sides of head slightly darker.
Antenna grayish fuscous narrowly annulated with fuscous. Thorax
and basal part of fore wing (except costa) light ochreous; thorax
suffused and lightly irrorated with reddish brown and with a black-
ish-fuscous spot on each side beneath inner edges of tegulae. Ground
color of fore wing light ochreous heavily overlaid with reddish brown
and fuscous and irrorated with black; beyond the light basal patch
a dark blackish-fuscous shade, which rapidly fades to reddish, then
to ochreous at apical part of wing; basal part of costa suffused with
fuscous; costa and termen marked with a series of black spots, those
around termen more conspicuous than those on costa; at basal third
a conspicuous black discal spot followed by a similar but larger one
at middle and another larger more diffused one at end of cell; be-
tween the first and second discal spots and the inner margin (on vein
1c) a somewhat diffused black spot; cilia fuscous, darker basally.
Hind wing grayish fuscous with a series of blackish-fuscous dashes
around apex and outer margin; cilia yellowish fuscous with an indis-
tinct dark subbasal band. Legs light whitish ochreous strongly over-
laid or suffused with shining sooty black except at joints and on pos-
terior tibiae. Abdomen pale whitish ochreous irrorated with fuscous
above; ventrally with a broad blackish-fuscous longitudinal line on
106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
each side and two indistinct median longitudinal rows of similarly
colored spots.
Male genitalia —Harpe rather broad basally, tapering gently to the
bluntly pointed cucullus, profusely clothed with coarse hairs; costa
narrowly sclerotized; sacculus moderately sclerotized; clasper slender,
gently excurved, bluntly pointed, with small basal protuberance,
reaching well beyond center of harpe; distal end serrate; clasper and
inner edge of sacculus heavily sclerotized. Anellus broader than
long, convex laterally and slightly concave on posterior edge; lateral
lobes large, sparsely hairy. Aedeagus stout, gently curved, pointed;
vesica armed with a large elongate patch of strong but moderately
small cornuti. Vinculum rounded with small dorsoanterior process.
Transtilla a narrow lightly sclerotized band with large, hairy, lateral
lobes. Gnathos rather long, slender. Tegumen pointed. Socii
large, hairy, fleshy flaps.
Female genitalia—Genital plate moderately narrow; weakly
sclerotized around ostium with a broad convex anterior margin.
Ostium round, slightly nearer to anterior than posterior edge; margin
narrowly sclerotized except posteriorly. Ductus bursae long, mem-
branous with entire inner surface studded with numerous minute
stout teeth anterior to inception of ductus seminalis; ductus seminalis
well before ostium. Bursa copulatrix rather small, inner surface also
with numerous small teeth, but fewer than in ductus bursae; signum
a moderately large irregularly shaped toothed plate.
Alar expanse, 15-17 mm.
Type.—tIn the United States National Museum.
Type locality—New Brighton, Pa.
Food plant.—Heracleum sp.
Distribution —Kastern United States and Canada west to British
Columbia.
United States records
Illinois: Chicago, 9 (no date or collector) ; Monee, 2 ¢ ¢ (VI-21-12, A. Kwiat).
New Jersey: Essex County Park, 5 ¢ ¢ (VII-2-06, W. D. Kearfott).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, 22 ¢¢, 9 (June and July dates, H. D. Merrick) ;
Oak Station, Allegheny County, 16 ¢¢,4 92 (June dates, Fred Marloff).
Canadian records
British Columbia: Rolla (5-VIIJ-1927, P. N. Vroom).
Manitoba: Riding Mountain Park, 2 ¢ 6,3 2@ (25-VI-383, J. McDunnough).
Ontario: Trenton (VII—22-12, Evans).
Saskatchewan: Indian Head ( VII—22-25, J. J. de Gryse).
Remarks.—The abdomen of the type is missing. The genitalia are
figured from a “cotype” male and a typical female.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 107
AGONOPTERIX SENICIONELLA (Busck)
Puate 30, Figures 172, 172a; Pirate 45, Ficures 263
Depressaria senicionella Buscx, Proc, U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 742, 1902; in
Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5875, 1903.—KEarrort, in Smith, List of
the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6418, 1903.—ENcEL, Ent. News,
vol. 18, p. 276, 1907.
Depressaria seniciella BuscK, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 2, p. 748, 1902.
Depressaria senecionella Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. AS8O5'p:
174, 1922.—Gaxrpr, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. $2, p. 350, 1939.
Agonopterye senecionella Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 199, 1908.—
Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 240, 1923.
Agonopteriz senicionelia (Busck) McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8423, 1939.
Agnopteryx senicionella (Busck) Barnes and McDunnovucH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6464, 1917.
Labial palpus light ochreous; second segment irrorated with black-
ish fuscous exteriorly; third segment with subbasal and subterminal
annuli and apex black. Antenna fuscous with grayish-ochreous an-
nulations. Head and thorax light ochreous; face yellowish white;
thorax with brownish-ochreous suffusion and irrorations. Fore wing
dark ochreous-gray, strongly overlaid and suffused with brownish
ochreous; light basal patch suffused on costa with fuscous, contain-
ing a blackish-fuscous spot in fold and bordered outwardly by a
rapidly fading fuscous shade; at basal third, in cell, two black discal
dots, obliquely one above the other; the lower one of these two is often
lacking; at the end of cell an inconspicous black discal dot preceded
by an indistinct fuscous shade; termen and costa indistinctly marked
with poorly defined fuscous spots; cilia ochreous-gray with two nar-
row ochreous-white lines, one at middle and one around outer edge.
Hind wing grayish fuscous, darker apically; cilia light yellowish
fuscous with grayish-fuscous subbasal and subterminal bands. Legs
light ochreous overlaid with fuscous except at joints. Abdomen gray-
ish ochreous above; beneath light ochreous with a broad blackish-
fuscous line on each side; between these two lines a pair of indistinct
longitudinal rows of blackish-fuscous spots.
Male genitalia.—Harpe rather broad, well sclerotized along costa;
clothed with fine hairs; cucullus rounded; clasper nearly straight,
moderately sclerotized and reaching slightly beyond middle of harpe.
Anellus oval, longer than broad, lateral lobes well developed, clothed
with few fine hairs. Vinculum narrow, rounded, with well-developed
dorsoanterior process. Aedeagus stout, slightly curved, bluntly
pointed; ventral arm by which it is attached to anellus short, broad,
and situated near base of aedeagus. Transtilla a narrow sclerotized
108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
band with large, hairy, lateral lobes. Gnathos an oval spined knob.
Socii very large flaps clothed with many fine hairs. Tegumen pointed.
Female genitalia—Genital plate narrow, strongly sclerotized and
produced anteriorly. Ostium round. Ductus bursae membranous,
gradually becoming larger to form the large oval bursa copulatrix.
Signum a large four-pointed plate, the anterior and posterior points
of about equal length but smaller than the lateral points.
Alar expanse, 18-22 mm.
Type.—tIn the United States National Museum.
Type locality—Cabin John, Md.
Food plant.—Senecio aureus L.
Distribution —Kastern United States.
United States records
District of Columbia: Washington, 8 ¢ 6, 2 (May 28 to June 16, 1900, August
Busck).
Maryland: Cabin John, 2 ¢ ¢ (IV-28 and 30-1900, August Busck) ; Plummers
Island, 3 ¢ 4,11 @ @ (May and June dates, A. Busck and Chas. R. Ely).
Virginia: Great Falls, 2 (May 28, 1900, no collector).
AGONOPTERIX ANTENNARIELLA, new species
PLATE 30, FiacurREs 175, 175a; PLaTe 45, FicurEe 264
A medium-sized red-brown species unlike any other described from
North America.
Head dark reddish fuscous above mixed with carmine and whitish-
ochreous-tipped scales; face shining whitish ochreous; second segment
of palpus whitish ochreous tinged with carmine inwardly and irrorated
with fuscous exteriorly; brush trumpet-shaped; terminal segment
whitish ochreous with broad blackish-fuscous basal and subterminal
annuli. Antenna fuscous, annulated with whitish ochreous.
Thorax, base of fore wing, and costa to well beyond middle cine-
reous; anterior portion of thorax and extreme base of costa suffused
with rich brown; ground color of fore wing red-brown, scales lightly
tipped with carmine; at basal third two small obliquely placed black
discal spots followed by a few cinereous scales; at end of cell a third
white discal spot edged with black; apical third of wing heavily
shaded with cinereous; cilia reddish fuscous, tipped with carmine; a
row of fuscous spots around termen at base of cilia. Hind wing light
fuscous above; with much white scaling beneath in apical third and a
black line at base of cilia; cilia hght fuscous with distinct rosy hue,
and darker subbasal band. Legs fuscous overlaid with whitish
ochreous and strongly suffused with carmine; hind tibiae whitish, suf-
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 109
fused with carmine; tarsi annulated with whitish ochreous. Abdo-
men grayish fuscous above, whitish ochreous below; ventrolateral
lines poorly defined, black; anal tuft yellowish ochreous, suffused
with carmine.
Male genitalia—Harpe moderately sclerotized and covered with
hairs over entire inner surface; costa and sacculus parallel beyond
middle then converging to form a narrowly rounded cucullus. Clasper
heavily sclerotized, smooth, short, terminating in a blunt point. Anel-
lus longer than broad, truncated on posterior edge; lateral lobes weak.
Vinculum with a very short, small dorsoanterior process. Transtilla a
very narrow, moderately sclerotized band with small lateral lobes.
Aedeagus stout, rather short and evenly tapered, terminating in a
sharp point. Armature consisting of many fine spinules. Gnathos a
heavily spined cone.
Female genitalia—Genital plate moderately sclerotized, broad,
slightly produced anteriorly. Ostium near posterior margin of plate.
Ductus bursae slender, gradually becoming larger till it merges with
the bulbous bursa copulatrix. Signum a 4-pointed, moderately sclero-
tized small plate with strong teeth; lateral, anterior, and posterior
points about equal in length.
Alar expanse, 17-24 mm.
Type.—uvU. 8. N. M. No. 52081.
Type locality —Kamiack Butte, Whitman County, Wash.
Food plant —Antennaria luzuloides T. and G.
Remarks.—Described from the ¢ type, 7 ¢ and 4 2 paratypes, as
follows: Kamiack Butte,3 ¢ 6,2 9 9 (V-18 to 22-34);4 6 6,1 9
same (VI-15 to 19-35); 38, Pullman, Wash. (1-28-31 [indoor
record]); 2, Godman Springs, Blue Mountains, Wash., 6,000 feet
(VIII-1-35) ; all reared from larvae collected by the author.
Paratypes in collections of United States National Museum, Cana-
dian National Museum, and H. H. Keifer, Sacramento, Calif.
Dr. J. McDunnough, of Ottawa, has sent me three specimens of
this species from British Columbia. The larvae, from which these
moths were reared, were collected by A. N. Gartrell at Shingle
Creek Road, Keremeos. The adults emerged from 30-VI to
6-VII-25.
Mr. Gartrell has labeled his specimens as reared from wild red
currant. The food plant record is rather surprising since most of
the species of this group are host specific, and it will be noted that the
type series was reared from Antennaria. I have carefully compared
the genitalia of specimens of the two lots and find them identical.
110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
AGONOPTERIX NEBULOSA (Zeller)
PLATE 32, Figures 185, 185a; PLATE 45, FicurE 266
Depressaria nebulosa Zetuer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 23, p. 237, 1873.—
CuHAmBERS, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 138, 1878.—WALSING-
HAM, Proc. Zool Soc. London, 1881, p. 312.—Ritey, in Smith, List of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5269, 1891——Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 24, p. 741, 1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5870,
1903.—KeEarFotTt, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No.
6413, 1903.—Meryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 177,
1922.—-Garpr, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 384, 1939.
Agonopteryx nebulosa (Zeller) Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 198,
1908.—Forpes, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68 p. 239, 1923.
Agonopteriz nebulosa (Zeller) McDunNovueH, Check lst of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8452, 1939.
Agnopteryx nebulosa (Zeller) Smiru, Catalogue of the insects of New Jersey,
p. 516, 1910.— Barnes and McDunnouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, No. 6488, 1917.
Labial palpus shining creamy white; second segment sprinkled with
black scales outwardly and with brush suffused with white-tipped
fuscous scales; brush abruptly expanded, trumpet-shaped; third seg-
ment with broad subbasal and subapical annuli black; the black scales
of these annuli white tipped. Antenna fuscous annulated with gray.
Head, thorax, and fore wing lavender-gray, the scales white tipped;
face creamy white, tegula with a bluish iridescence; along costa and
around termen a series of poorly defined light fuscous spots; at basal
third two black discal dots, the upper, inner one small, the outer,
lower one dashlike and both bordered outwardly with white scales;
at the end of cell a white black-edged discal spot preceded by a similar
one; sometimes these two are confluent, forming a white and black
longitudinal dash; cilia grayish fuscous with narrow median and
terminal white lines. Hind wing and cilia light yellowish fuscous, the
wing darker apically ; cilia with several, somewhat darker bands. Legs
ochreous-white, overlaid and irrorated with grayish fuscous above,
ochreous-white beneath; the usual longitudinal lines or rows of dark
spots lacking or only faintly indicated by a few blackish-fuscous scales.
Male genitalia——Harpe moderately broad, entirely clothed with fine
hairs; cucullus narrowly rounded; clasper stout, curved, slightly
hooked, reaching two-thirds of distance to costa. Anellus broadly
oval with poorly developed lateral lobes. Vinculum rounded. Aedea-
gus short, stout, straight, with a blunt point; vesica armed with
numerous spinulate cornuti. Transtilla a very narrow sclerotized
band with moderately large, hairy, lateral lobes. Gnathos an oval,
spined knob. Socii hairy flaps.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 111
Female genitalia.—Genital plate narrow, emarginate behind; ante-
rior margin in the form of a narrow, sclerotized, curved bar; ostium
occupying nearly whole ventral portion of genital plate and without
sclerotized area posterior to it. Ductus bursae membranous, abruptly
constricted before ostium. Bursa copulatrix oval; signum an elongate
plate with posterior pointed process.
Alar expanse, 19-20 mm.
Type.—tin the British Museum.
Type locality —Cambridge, Mass.
Food plant—Unknown.
Distribution —Northeastern United States.
United States records
Maine: Monmouth, ¢ (‘November 30, ’05’’).
Massachusetts: Amherst, 2 ¢ ¢ (January 21, 1906).
New Hampshire: 2 ¢¢ without further data; Hampton, ¢, @ (III-26—05,
IIJ-22-05, S. A. Shaw).
New York: New Windsor, ¢ (June 24, 1903, E. L. Morton).
Remarks.—Differs from all other gray American species by the
accentuated trumpet-shaped palpus.
AGONOPTERIX SABULELLA (Walsingham)
PLATE 382, Figures 181, 18la ; PLATE 46, Figure 270
Depressarta sabulella WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1881, p. 313, pl. 36,
fig. 1—Ruitry, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5279,
1891.—Busck, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 748, 1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat.
Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5876, 1903.—KearrFort, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera
of Boreal America, No. 6419, 1908; Can. Ent. vol. 37, p. 296, 1905.—Meynick, in
Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 174, 1922.—GarpkE, in Bryk, Lepi-
dopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 348, 1989.
Agonopteryz sabulella (Walsingham) Buscxk, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p.
199, 1908.
Agonopterizc sabulella (Walsingham) McDuNNouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8412, 1939.
Agnopterye sabulella (Walsingham) Barnes and McDuNNoveH, Check list of
the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6465, 1917.
Agonopteryr callosella BARNES and Buscx, Contr. Lepid. North America, vol. 4,
p. 231, pl. 88, fig. 4,1920. (New synonymy).
Agonopteriz callosella (Barnes and Busck) McDuNnnoueH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Micro-
lepidoptera) No. 8421, 1939.
Depressaria callosella (Barnes and Buseck) Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insec-
torum, fase. 180, p. 174, 1922.— Garner, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt.
§2, p. 811, 1939.
Labial palpus pale ochreous; second segment with slight fuscous
shading and blackish-fuscous irrorations exteriorly; third segment
Ht? PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
with subapical annulus and apex blackish fuscous. Antenna blackish
fuscous. Head, thorax, and fore wing pale ochreous; face ochreous-
white; base of costa and spot in anal angle blackish fuscous; forewing
sparsely irrorated with fuscous and shaded with reddish scales; at
basal third two fuscous discal spots obliquely one above the other;
at end of cell a fuscous spot preceded above by a less conspicuous one
of the same color; between the outer and inner pairs of spots a poorly
defined fuscous cloud in costal half of wing; apical half of costa and
termen and the cilia with a reddish suffusion, cilia light ochreous.
Hind wing grayish ochreous, cilia paler, with alternating light fus-
cous and whitish bands. Legs ochreous-white strongly suffused and
overlaid with blackish fuscous except at joints; posterior tibia and
tarsus hardly more than irrorated with fuscous. Abdomen grayish
fuscous above, pale ochreous beneath; on each side ventrally, a black
longitudinal line.
Male genitalia—Harpe narrow, long, pointed, clothed with very
fine hairs; clasper stout, slightly curved toward cucullus, and termi-
nating in a knob. Anellus a roughly oval plate, longer than broad,
truncated posteriorly, and with well developed, hairy, lateral lobes.
Vinculum rounded. Aedeagus stout with a long slender upturned
point and a large, spinulate patch in basal half. 'Transtilla a nar-
row, lightly sclerotized band with well-developed, hairy, lateral lobes.
Gnathos a spiny cone. Socii broad flaps clothed with fine hairs.
Female genitalia—Ovipositor naked except for a few strong long
hairs at base and a few weak hairs distally. Genital plate moderately
broad, slightly produced anteriorly. Ostium is posterior half of
plate. Ductus bursae membranous, slender, widening abruptly to
form the large oval bursa copulatrix. Signum a diamond-shaped
plate, with the anterior point shorter than the posterior.
Alar expanse, 19-23 mm.
Types.—In the British Museum (sadbulella) ; in the United States
National Museum (callosella).
Type localities —Mendocino County, Calif. (sabulella) ; San Ber-
nardino, Calif. (callosella).
Food plants —Eriophyllum stachaedifolium Lag. and Friophyllum
lantanum typicum Constance.
Distribution—Western United States probably as far north as
southern British Columbia in the interior.
United States records
California: Land’s End, San Francisco, ¢ (VII-23-09, F. X. Williams) ; San
Francisco, ¢@ (VI-12-26, H. H. Keifer); Monachee Meadows, Tulare
County, 8,000 feet, 6 (“July 8-14”) ; Croville, ¢ (IV—14-28, H. H. Keifer) ;
San Bernardino, 2 (“June 1-7) ; San Diego, ¢, 2 (“May 24-30”).
Idaho: Kamiah, 9 (VI-27-35, L. Constance).
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 113
Remarks.—The above synonymy is based on a comparison of Wal-
singham’s figure and description with the types of cadllosella.
Although there is no authentic material of Walsingham’s species
here, there appears to be no doubt about the synonymy. Mr. Busck
concurs with me in this opinion.
H. H. Keifer, of Sacramento, Calif., was kind enough to send me
three specimens, which I associate with this species, two of which
were reared by him from F'riophyllum stachaedifolium. These speci-
mens are identical with the types of callosella, which are before me.
I have another specimen before me from Kamiah, Idaho, reared
from Hriophyllum lantanum typicum, which was collected by my
friend Dr. Lincoln Constance, of the Department of Botany, Uni-
versity of California. This specimen is close to the types of callosella
but differs in details. I am placing it here, however, until more
material can be obtained and its specific limits ascertained.
AGONOPTERIX COSTOSA (Haworth)
PLATE 32, Fiaures 184, 184a; PLate 46, Ficure 273
Depressaria costosa HAwortH, Lepidoptera Britannica, vol. 3, p. 508, 1811.—
Woop, Index entomologicus, p. 172, pl. 38, fig. 1182, 1845.—Srarnron, Trans.
Ent. Soe. London, vol. 5, p. 158, 1849; Insecta Britannica, p. 84, 1854.—ZrEtier,
Linn. Ent., vol. 9, p. 198, 1854.—Srarnton, A manual of British butterflies and
moths, vol. 2 p. 320, 1859.—F rey, Die Tineen und Pterophoren der Schweiz, p.
82, 1856.—HEINEMANN, Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der Schweiz,
vol. 2, p. 148, 1870.—Meyrick, Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 18, p. 281, 1870.—
Frey, Die Lepidopteren der Schweiz,. p. 351, 1880.—ROSsLER, Jahrb. nassau.
Vereins Naturk., vol. 33, p. 282, 1881.—SNELLEN, Die Vlinders van Nederland,
vol. 2, p. 577, 1882.—StrreupDEL and HormMann, Witirttemberg. Vereins vaterl.
Naturk., vol. 38, p. 196, 1882.— JoURDHEUILLE, Mém. Soc. Acad. ]’Aube, vol. 47,
p. 176, 1888.—SorHaAcEN, Die Kleinschmetterlinge der Mark Brandenburg, p.
175, 1886.—Meyrick, A handbook of British Lepidoptera, p. 620, 1895.—
Revutti, Verh. Naturw. Vereins Karlsruhe, vol. 12, p. 228, 1898.—Sranecr, Die
Tineinen der umgegend von Friedland in Mecklenberg, p. 20, 1899.—Srav-
DINGER and REBEL, Catalog der Lepidopteren des palaearctischen Faunenge-
bietes, vol. 2, No. 3177, 1901.—Carapga, Bull. Soe. Sci. Bucarest, vol. 10, p. 149,
1901.—MatiocH, Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 37, p. 186, 1901.—Disqut, Deutsche
Ent. 'Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 14, p. 205, 1901.—Lonestarr, Ent. Monthly Mag., vol.
38, p. 28, 1902.—Scutitze, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 15, p. 12, 1902.—
CROMBRUGGHE, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belgique. vol. 14, p. 43, 1906.—Gripss, Entomolo-
gist, vol. 39, p. 7, 1906 [as D. costana, nom. nud.]—MULier-Rurz, Bull. Soc.
Ent. Suisse, vol. 11, p. 346, 1909.—Sputer, Schmetterlinge Europas, vol. 2, p.
333, pl. 89, fig. 18, 1910.—G1ANELLI, Ann. Accad. Agr. Torino, vol. 53, p. 94,
1910.—ScHILLE, Krakow. Akad. Umiejetnosci Sprawozdania Komisyi fizyo-
graficznej, vol. 45, p. 29, 1911.—SxKata, Int. Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 5, 303, 1912;
Verh. naturf. Vereins Briinn, vol. 51, p. 312, 19138—Vorsropr and MULLER-
Rutz, Schmetterlinge der Schweiz, vol. 2, p. 456, 1914.—Buxron, Ent. Rec.,
vol. 27, p. 183, 1915.— Gatrvaeni, Wien. Ent. Vereins Jabresb., vol. 25, p. 32,
1915.—MartTini, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris. vol. 30, p. 158, 1917.—ReEsEL,
286614—41——-6
114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 126, p. 808, 1917.—GatvaenlI, Wien. Ent.
Vereins Jahresb., vol. 28, p. 63, 1918.—Srranp, Archiy fiir Naturg. vol. 854,
pt. 4, p. 9, 1919.—Mryrick, Entomologist, vol. 55, p. 254, 1922; in Wytsman,
Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 178, 1922—ZIMMERMAN, Verh. Zool.-bot.
Ges. Wien. vol. 71, p. (48), 1922.—PrEIssrecKER, Wien. Ent. Vereins Jahresb.,
vol. 30, p. 187, 1924.—Buatr, Entomologist, vol. 58, p. 10, 1925.—STmeHan,
Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 39, p. 128, 1925.—Larsren, Ent. Meddel., vol.
17, p. 73, 1927.—Zmrny, Hos, vol. 3, p. 480, 1927.—WickHaAm, Entomologist,
vol. 60, p. 438, 1927.—Meryrick, A handbook of British Lepidoptera, p. 683,
1928 HaywakrpbD, Entomologist, vol. 62, p. 50, 1929—LuHomMME, L’amateur de
papillons, vol. 4, p. 209, 1929—UrreL~n, Westfalischer provinzial-Verein fiir
Wissenschaft und Kunst, Miinster, Abhandl., vol. 1, p. 76, 1980—AmMsEL,
Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 44, p. 121, 19830.—VeErBropr, Deutsche Ent.
Zeitschr., Iris, vol, 45, p. 126, 1981.—CuHarTeEr, Bull. Ent. Res., vol. 22, p. 231,
1931.—REBEL and ZeERNy, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-nat. Kl., vol.
103, p. 150, 1931.—HeErRING, in Brohmer, Ehrmann, and Ulmer, Die Tierwelt
Mitteleuropas, vol. 1, p. 142, 19382—HcKsrrIn, Die Kleinschmetterlinge
Deutschlands, p. 118, pl. 5, fig. 218, 1983.—SrrerRnecK, Prodromus der Schmet-
terlingsfauna Boéhmens, vol. 2, p. 105, 1988—Raprr. Beitrige zur fauna
Thitiringens, vol. 2, p. 131, 1936; Beitrage Schmetterlingsfauna Harz, p. 28,
1936.—GAEDE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus pt. 92, p. 318, 1939.
Agonopteriz costosa (Haworth) Pierce and MeETCALFE, The genitalia of the
tineid families of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands, p. 35, pl. 19, 19385.—
McDunnoueu, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United
States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8410, 1939.
Agonopteryz blackmori Busck, Can. Ent. vol. 53, p. 277, 1921.
Depressaria blackmori (Busck) Meyrick, Entomologist, vol. 55, p. 254, 1922. (As
synonym of D. costosa (Haworth).)
Depressaria dryadoxzena MryricK, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 2, p. 315, 1920;
Entomologist vol. 55, p. 254, 1922; in Wytsman, Genera iNsectorum, fase. 180,
p. 173, 1922. (As synonym of D. costosa (Haworth).)
Agonopteriz dryadoxena (Meyrick) McDuNNovuGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8410, 1939. (As synonym of D. costosa (Haworth).)
Agonopterix blackmori (Buseck) McDuNnNnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8410, 1989. (As synonym of D. costosa (Haworth).)
Tinea depunctella HUBNrR, Sammlung Europiisher Schmetterlinge, vol. 5, pl.
56, fig. 378, 1816.
Pinaris depunctella (Hiibner) Hutsner, Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge,
p. 411, 1825.
Depressaria depunctella (Wiibner) Kotniar, Linz. Oberosterreicher musealverein
Jahresb., vol. 2, p. 92, 1882.—ZxE.iEr, Isis von Oken, 1839, p. 195.—DuPoNCHEL,
Historie naturelle de lépidoptéres . . . de France, vol. 8, p. 148, pl. 291, fig. 2,
1838.—HERRICH-SCHAFFER, Die Schmetterlinge von Europa, vol. 5, p. 123, 1853.
Haemylis depunctella (Hiibner) TreirscHKe, in Ochsenheimer, Die Schmetter-
linge von Europa, vol. 9, p. 260, 1832 ; vol. 10, p. 185, 1835.
Haemylis costosa (Haworth) STEPHENS, Illustrations of British entomology,
Haustellata, vol, 4, p. 208, 1835.
Labial palpus, head and face creamy white; second segment irro-
rated with blackish fuscous exteriorly; third segment with subapical
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 115
annulus and apex black; head frequently suffused above with fuscous;
spot above base of antenna brown; tuft below eye pink. Antenna
brown, darker basally than apically. Thorax and ground color of
fore wing whitish ochreous; posterior tuft on thorax yellowish ochre-
ous; light base of fore wing diffused along costa to apex, sparsely irro-
rated with black scales; beyond light base a dark ochreous shade,
which covers posterior two-thirds of wing but becomes lighter toward
termen. The whole surface of wing more or less irrorated with black
scales; on costa, slightly beyond middle a sooty cloud; at basal third,
two black spots obliquely one above the other sometimes edged by a
few dark reddish-ochreous scales; between the outer of these two spots
and inher margin a small dark reddish-ochreous spot; at the end of
cell a cream-colored discal spot edged with dark reddish ochreous and
preceded by a dark reddish-ochreous spot. Sometimes the latter
spot and the reddish-ochreous scales of the outer discal spot are con-
fluent, forming a dash; cilia whitish ochreous strongly suffused with
reddish fuscous, especially toward apex. Hind wing light yellowish
fuscous; cilia yellowish, banded with light fuscous. Legs whitish
ochreous overlaid with fuscous and tinged with carmine. Abdomen
light ochreous above, whitish ochreous beneath; a row of black spots
on each side ventrolaterally.
Male genitalia.—Harpe long, slender, tapering into a long, pointed
cucullus; moderately covered with hairs; clasper very stout, somewhat
dilated distally, nearly reaching costa; sacculus short, strongly sclero-
tized. Anellus broader basally than apically, broader than long; pos-
terior edge convex; hairy, lateral lobes well developed. Aedeagus
stout, slightly narrower in middle, nearly straight, pointed; vesica
armed with a large patch of spinulate cornuti. Vinculum rounded.
Transtilla a narrow sclerotized band with large hairy lateral lobes.
Gnathos a spined oval knob. Socii hairy, fleshy flaps.
Female genitalia —Genital plate moderately broad, sclerotized ; an-
terior edge slightly produced. Ostium round; situated about middle
and occupying less than half the length of the genital plate. Ductus
bursae membranous; inception of ductus seminalis just before ostium.
Signum distinctly 4-pointed, with slender anterior and posterior points;
teeth small and scattered.
Alar expanse, 18-22 mm.
Type.—In the British Museum.
Type locality — Europe.”
Food plants.—Genista, Quercus (?), Laburnum, and Cytisus scopa-
rius (L.) Link.
Distribution —Extreme northwestern United States, southwestern
and eastern Canada and Europe.
116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 96
United States records
Washington: Bellingham, 3 ¢ 46, 2 (IX-1-29, VIII-4-31, IX-7-85, VIII-23-33,
J. F. G. Clarke) ; Tacoma, 2 (VII-15-28, T. M. Clarke).
Canadian records
British Columbia: Victoria, 19 ¢ 6,9 22 (July to October dates, H. H. Black-
more, W. Downes, W. R. Carter collectors); 2 ¢¢, 2 (9-15-VII-1923, K. F.
Auden).
Ontario: London, ¢, 2 (19-26-IV-1933 [Good’s Greenhouse] ).
Note——Well established in the Puget Sound region and no doubt
wider spread than the above records indicate. May not have escaped
at London, Ontario.
Remarks.—There appears to be no doubt of the synonymy as given
above. Although I have not seen dryadowena, Meyrick’s description
tallies with costosa and the locality for the former species agrees with
that of blackmori. The food plant of dryadoxena (Quercus) is ques-
tionable, since the species of this genus rarely feed on such widely
separated species of plants and are more frequently host specific as
has already been pointed out.
The genitalia of the males and females are identical except for
slight variation in the male harpes, a condition frequently encountered.
Pierce *? figures the genitalia of costosa showing the ostium opening
near the anterior margin of the genital plate. In the specimens I have
seen (4), both European and North American, the ostium opens
slightly nearer to the posterior than to the anterior edge (see fig. 273).
Furthermore, the signum as figured by Pierce lacks the anterior and
posterior points, present in all specimens I have examined. The sig-
num, it must be admitted, may be somewhat variable, but in this
species 1t appears to be unusually constant.
AGONOPTERIX PERGANDEELLA (Busck)
PLATE 32, FicuREs 183, 183a
Depressaria pergandeella Buscxk, Proc. Ent. Soe. Washington, vol. 9, p. 89, 1908.—
MEYRICK, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 174, 1922.—Garnr,
in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 339, 1939.
Agonopteryx pergandeella Busox, Proc. U. S. Nat Mus., vol. 35, p. 199, 1908.
Agnopteryx pergandiella Barnes and McDunnoucH, Check list of the Lepi-
doptera of Boreal America, No. 6462, 1917.
Agonopterig pergandiella McDuNNovuGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada
and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8417, 1939.
Labial palpus ochreous-white; second segment sparsely irrorated
with fuscous exteriorly, brush suffused with brown [third segment of
both palpi missing]. Antenna with basal segment fuscous above,
whitish beneath [remainder of both antennae missing]. Head
22 Pierce, F. N., The genitalia of the Tineina, pl. 19, 1935.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 117
ochreous with a median fuscous band; face shining creamy-white.
Thorax and fore wing light brown; thorax strongly suffused with
brownish fuscous; surface of fore wing irrorated with poorly defined
blackish-fuscous spots and with a series of similarly colored spots
around termen; at basal third, in cell, two black discal spots obliquely
one above the other; another similar spot at the end of cell preceded
by a poorly defined blackish-fuscous cloud; extreme base of costa
fuscous; a well-defined black spot in inner angle; cilia light brown
suffused with fuscous. Hind wing shining light yellowish fuscous;
cilia more whitish. Legs whitish ochreous overlaid and mottled with
fuscous except at joints. Abdomen dark yellowish fuscous.
Male genitalia Harpe moderately clothed with long hairs [cucullus
broken from each harpe]; sacculus only moderately sclerotized;
clasper nearly straight, slightly dilated distally, reaching fully two-
thirds of the distance toward the costa. Anellus broadly oval,
posterior edge strongly convex, smooth; with very small lateral lobes.
Vinculum rounded. Aedeagus nearly straight, stout, and deeply
notched distally. Transtilla a broad, sclerotized band with large
lateral lobes. Gnathos a finely spined cone. Socii small, weak,
sparsely clothed with hairs. Tegumen produced into a moderately
large broad flap.
Alar expanse, 21 mm.
Type.—In the United States National Museum.
Type locality “Nebraska.”
Remarks.—The only specimen I have seen is the type male. This
is very distinct from any other North American species.
AGONOPTERIX AMISSELLA (Busck)
PLATE 33, FicuRES 187, 187a; PLATE 46, FicuRE 269
Depressaria amissella BuscK, Proce. Ent. Soc. Washington., vol. 9, p. 89, 1908.—
Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 174, 1922.—Gaerpz,
im Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 300, 1939.
Agonopteryz amissella Buscxk, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 199, 1908.
Agonopteriz amissella (Busck) McDuNNouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8425, 1939.
Agnopteryx amissella (Busck) Barnes and McDunnovueH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6460, 1917.
Labial palpus ochreous-white; second segment with the brush suf-
fused with fuscous and sparsely irrorated with fuscous exteriorly;
third segment with subbasal and subterminal annuli black. Antenna
fuscous with light ochreous-fuscous annulations; basal segment
ochreous-white beneath. Head, thorax, and fore wing light ochreous-
brown; face shining ochreous-white; thorax suffused with fuscous;
surface of fore wing irrorated with black and blackish-fuscous scales
118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 90
and with a series of blackish-fuscous spots along costa and around
termen; extreme base of costa fuscous; light basal patch bordered out-
wardly by a transverse fuscous dash, which contains some jet-black
scales and does not reach costa; at basal third, in cell, two conspicuous
jet-black spots of raised scales, obliquely one above the other and fol-
lowed outwardly by a poorly defined fuscous shade; discal spot at end
of cell inconspicuous or absent, but when present indicated by a few
whitish scales; cilia light ochreous-brown the scales tipped with
ochreous-white. Hind wing light fuscous, darker apically than
basally; cilia light yellowish fuscous tipped with ochreous-white and
with a narrow, fuscous subbasal band. Legs ochreous-white strongly
suffused and overlaid with blackish fuscous except at joints.
Abdomen ochreous-fuscous.
Male genitalia—WHarpe rather narrow, pointed, only sparsely
clothed with hairs; clasper very stout, straight, reaching three-fourths
of the distance to costa. Anellus roughly rectangular with trun-
cated posterior edge; lateral lobes small. Vinculum rounded.
Transtilla a narrow sclerotized band with large lateral lobes.
Aedeagus stout, curved, with a heavily sclerotized band basally;
vesica armed with a large patch of weak, spinulate cornuti. Gnathos
an elongate, oval knob clothed with fine spines. Socii weakly sclero-
tized, small, with few hairs. Terminal portion of tegumen pointed.
Female genitalia —Genital plate narrow; anterior edge in the form
of a strongly sclerotized crescentic bar. Ostium broad, oval, with a
small, strongly sclerotized area posterior to it. Ductus bursae mem-
branous. Bursa copulatrix small; signum of bursa a small, oval,
spined plate.
Alar expanse, 17 mm.
Type.—In the United States National Museum.
Type locality—Kissimmee, Fla. (Wm. Beutenmiiller).
Remarks.—The only specimens T have seen of this species are the
type male and a paratype female. The species is quite distinct from
any other North American species.
AGONOPTERIX LATIPALPELLA Barnes and Busck
PLATE 33, Figures 188, 188a; Puate 46, FicuRE 268
Agonopteryx latipalpella BARNES and Busck, Contr. Lepid. North America, vol.
4, p. 233, 1920.
Agonopterix latipalpella (Barnes and Busck) McDunnouaGH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Micro-
lepidoptera), No. 8432, 1939.
Depressaria latipalpella Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180,
p. 176, 1922.—GaxpE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 330,
1939.
The entire insect presents a roughened appearance due to the raised
scales that cover almost the whole surface. Labial palpus ochreous-
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 119
white; second segment irrorated with black and fuscous exteriorly
and suffused with fuscous in the brush; third segment with broad,
poorly defined blackish-fuscous basal and median annulations.
Head, thorax, and fore wing light ochreous-brown, the scales suffused
with fuscous and tipped with sordid whitish; collar narrowly black;
base somewhat lighter than the rest of wing, the light color diffused
for a short distance along costa and bordered outwardly by a strong
black shade, the latter from the middle to inner margin of wing; at
basal third an inconspicuous white discal spot (sometimes two) pre-
ceded by a few black scales, at the end of a cell a small white discal
spot broadly edged with black; cilia light ochreous-brown with a
narrow median fuscous band. Hind wing ochreous-fuscous, darker
around margins; cilia ochreous with narrow fuscous subbasal and
subterminal bands. Legs ochreous-white suffused and mottled with
blackish fuscous and fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-fuscous edged lat-
erally with numerous light ochreous-brown. hairlike scales; beneath,
two broad, black, longitudinal lines broken into spots in posterior
half; between these two lines two indistinct parallel rows of spots.
Male genitalia—Harpe elongate, moderately narrow; sparsely
clothed with hairs; cucullus pointed; clasper long, slender, slightly
enlarged in middle; sacculus broad. Anellus rectangular; posterior
edge emarginate; lateral lobes well developed, hairy. Aedeagus stout,
slightly bent, pointed; vesica with a weak spinulate patch of cornuti
in basal half. Vinculum rounded. Transtilla a narrow sclerotized
band, with large hairy, lateral lobes. Gnathos a spined, oval knob.
Socii hairy flaps.
Female genitalia —Genital plate broad, with a gently concave, nar-
row, sclerotized anterior edge. Ostium small, round, situated on pos-
terior margin of genital plate. Ductus bursae sclerotized behind incep-
tion of ductus seminalis, short, membranous before, gradually widen-
ing into the very large bursa copulatrix; signum large, 3-pointed, with
a few large teeth on posterior margin.
Alar expanse, 17-19 mm.
Type—tn the United States National Museum.
Type locality—San Benito, Tex.
Remarks.—The species is represented only by the type series from
Brownsville and San Benito, Tex.
AGONOPTERIX POSTICELLA (Walsingham)
PLATE 33, FIcuRES 190, 190a; PLATE 46, FIGURE 274
Depressaria posticella WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 315, pl. 36,
fig. 5—Rivey, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No.
5274, 1891.—Busck, Proce. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 744, 1902; in Dyar, U. S.
Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5880, 19038.—Kearrort, in Smith, List of the Lepidop-
tera of Boreal America, No. 6423, 1908.—Meryrick, in Wytsman, Genera in-
120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 90
sectorum, fase. 180, p. 173, 1922.—Gaxpr, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus,
pt. 92, p. 340, 1939.
Agonopteryx posticella (Walsingham) Busck, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p.
199, 1908.
Agonopteriz posticella (Walsingham) McDuNNovucH, Check list of the Lepidop-
tera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8411, 1939.
Agnopteryx posticella (Walsingham) BARNrEs and McDuNNovuGH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6469, 1917.
Labial palpus dull whitish ochreous; second segment irrorated with
fuscous exteriorly ; third segment with apex fuscous and, in a few speci-
mens, a faint indication of a fuscous subterminal annulus. Antenna
fuscous. Head, thorax, and fore wing dull whitish ochreous; thorax
with slight infuscation ; fore wing irrorated with black and fuscous and
suffused with reddish especially toward apex; on costa at base and on
inner angle near base a blackish-fuscous spot; at basal third a black
discal spot followed by a similar one at end of cell, the latter frequently
obsolete; on inner margin, before tornus a fuscous blotch not attaining
costal half; cilia fuscous with reddish tinge. Hind wing light grayish
fuscous; cilia lighter with rosy tinge. Legs pale whitish ochreous
heavily overlaid with fuscous except at joints and on posterior tibiae,
the latter with faint rosy tinge. Abdomen pale ochreous, suffused with
fuscuous above and with a row of more or less confluent spots on each
side beneath; anal tuft usually with rosy tint.
Male genitalia —Harpe slender, almost entirely clothed with long
hairs; clasper reaching beyond costa, slightly narrowed about the
middle and somewhat enlarged at the distal end, terminating in a
sharp point. Anellus a sclerotized plate, posterior edge concave, and
with weak lateral lobes. Vinculum rounded, broad, with well de-
veloped dorsoanterior process. Aedeagus slender, slightly curved,
gradually tapering to a sharp, dorsally upturned point; at the base
is a bifid sclerotized arm by which the aedeagus articulates with the
anellus. Transtilla a narrow band, with well developed, hairy, lat-
eral lobes. Gnathos a long, spined cone. Socii rather small, clothed
with fine hairs.
Female genitalia—Genital plate broad, with pronounced anterior
median ventral evagination. Ostium large, oval, in posterior half
of genital plate. Ductus bursae membranous, long; inception of
ductus seminalis well before ostium. Bursa copulatrix large, oval;
signum a small, oval plate, with serrate edges and a pointed process
from the posterior margin.
Alar expanse, 17-21 mm.
Type.—In the British Museum.
Type locality —Lake County, Calif.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE HLL
Food plants—Psoralea physodes Dougl., P. macrostachya DC.,
and P. tenuiflora Pursh.
Distribution.—Western United States.
United States records
Arizona: Yavapai County, ¢ (no date).
California: Fresno, ¢ (no date; H. A. Schwarz) ; Sacramento, 3 ¢ 6 (V—11-53),
and Applegate, Placer County, ¢ (VII-14-32), all reared and sent to me
by H. H. Keifer.
Colorado: Boulder, @ (‘May 14, Cockerell”’); other specimens (Dyar and
Caudell, labeled “Colorado”) ; Chimney Gulch, Denver, 2 (6-13).
Oregon: McMinnville, ¢ (VII-9-22, S. E. Keen); Salem, 2 (‘“March,”’ E. Y.
Lansing Jr.).
Remarks.—This far-western species seems to be confined to the
area south of the Columbia River. A diligent search in the spring
of 1984 by W. W. Baker, of Puyallup, Wash., failed to reveal the
presence of this species in Washington State. Mr. Baker did, how-
ever, locate larvae of psoraliella (referred to in this paper), which
is found feeding with posticella in California. The food plant (P.
physodes) is rather widely distributed on the Pacific slope west of
the Cascades in both Washington and British Columbia, so the
species may eventually be found in both places.
AGONOPTERIX PSORALIELLA (Walsingham)
Pate 31, Ficures 177, 177a; PLATE 46, Figure 271
Depressaria psoraliella WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 317,
pl. 36, fig. 7.—Rttey, in Smith, List of Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No.
5275, 1891.—Busck, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 740, 1902; in Dyar,
U. S. Nat. Mus, Bull. 52, No. 5865, 1903.—IKKEArFotrt, in Smith, List of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6408, 1903.—Meryrick, in Wytsman,
Genera insectorum, fase, 180, p. 176, 1922.—Garnpr, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum
catalogus, pt. 92, p. 342, 1939.
Agonopteryx psoraliella (Walsingham) Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p.
198, 1908.
Agonopteriz psoraliella (Walsingham) McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidop-
tera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidop-
tera), No. 8449, 1939.
Agnopteryx psoraliella (Walsingham) BAarNEs and McDuNNovuecH, Check list of
the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6442, 1917.
Labial palpus pale gray; second segment strongly suffused with
fuscous and dull red exteriorly; third segment slightly tinged with
red and with subbasal and subapical annuli and apex black. An-
tenna fuscous with reddish tint. Head gray, lightly suffused with
fuscous and tinted with red laterally; face shining white. Thorax,
base of wing, and basal fourth of costa gray irrorated with deep
red-brown and black (thorax in one specimen wholly red-brown) ;
ey PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
posterior tuft of thorax light red, beneath the inner edge of each
tegula a small black spot; fore wing deep red-brown irrorated with
blackish fuscous and gray, especially toward costa and along veins;
at basal third two small yellowish discal dots, one above the other,
followed by another at the end of cell; frequently there is a fourth,
though smaller spot between the outer and inner discal spots; all
spots edged with deep red; along costa and around termen a series
of indistinct blackish-fuscous spots; cilia fuscous with a reddish
tinge. Hind wing dark grayish-fuscous; cilia lighter, reddish tinged
with a well-defined fuscous basal band and several less distinct sub-
terminal ones. Legs gray overlaid with blackish fuscous, except at
joints, and tinted with red. Abdomen gray, suffused with fuscous
above; beneath, lightly suffused with red, irrorated with fuscous and
with a row of black spots on each side.
Male genitalia—Harpe broad and short (when compared with
those of other members of the genus), clothed over most of the sur-
face with fine hairs; cucullus rounded (in one specimen from Cali-
fornia the cucullus is long and slender); clasper long and slender,
reaching to, or slightly beyond, the costa; occasionally the clasper
is slightly hooked at the distal end. Anellus an oblong-oval plate;
posterior edge nearly straight with shallow median cleft; lateral lobes
well developed. Vinculum rounded, with dorsoanterior process.
Aedeagus slender, tapering distally to a point just past the middle,
then becoming larger and finally terminating in a sharp point. At
the base of the aedeagus is a bifid arm by which it articulates with
the anellus. Transtilla a broad sclerotized band, with large, hairy,
lateral lobes. Gnathos a slender spined cone. Socii large hairy
flaps.
Female genitalia—Genital plate broad. Ostium small, at ex-
treme anterior margin of plate. Ductus bursae long, membranous;
inception on ductus seminalis well before ostium. Bursa copu-
latrix scarcely larger than the ductus. Signum a lightly sclerotized,
oval plate.
Alar expanse, 20-24 mm.
Type.—tin the British Museum.
Type locality —Sonoma County, Calif.
Food plants—Psoralea physodes Dougl. and Psoralea macro-
stachya DC.
Distribution.—The Pacific slope of the United States.
United States records
California: Pope Creek, Napa County, ¢,2 292 (V-27 to V-30-32, H. H. Keifer
[reared]; Mills College, Alameda County (1 specimen in Dr. Braun’s col-
lection) ; Dry Creek, Sonoma County, 2 (V-—21-1871, Walsingham [reared]).
Washington: Puyallup, 4 64,5 92 (V-7 to 17-34, W. W. Baker [reared]).
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 123
Remarks.—The species is easily recognizable from Walsingham’s
description and figure. There is one specimen from Washington State
that has the head and thorax dark reddish brown instead of the usual
gray.
AGONOPTERIX SANGUINELLA (Busck)
PLATE 33, FieurEs 189, 189a
Depressaria sanguinella BuscK, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 738, 1902.—
in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5861, 1903.—Kerarrortt, in Smith, List
of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6404, 1903.—Meryrick, in Wyts-
man, Genera insectorum, fase. 180 p. 176, 1922.—Gaerpn, in Bryk, Lepidopter-
orum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 348, 1939.
Agonopteryx sanguinella BuscK, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 199, 1908.
AgOnopteriz sanguinella (Busck) McDunNnNouaH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8445, 1939.
Agnopteryx sanguinella (Busck) BarNes and McDuNNowucH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6458, 1917.
Labial palpus pale grayish ochreous; second segment sparsely ir-
rorated with black exteriorly; third segment with a small spot near
base anteriorly, and apex black. Antenna dark fuscous. Face, head,
and collar of thorax light straw color, the scales of the head with a
grayish suffusion. Thorax and fore wing gray, sparsely irrorated
with black and with a carmine tint, the carmine color more pronounced
along costa and apex of fore wing; extreme base of wing and costa
pale grayish ochreous, the former followed by and the latter narrowly
edged with black; at basal third two obliquely placed black discal
spots edged with a few carmine scales; at end of cell a white discal
spot conspicuously edged with carmine; from the discal spot at end
of cell an inwardly oblique, blackish dash not reaching costa; cilia
gray with reddish suffusion and sparse black irrorations; termen with-
out row of dark spots. Hind wing light ochreous fuscous; cilia con-
colorous with subbasal and two parallel fuscous bands and with whit-
ish irrorations apically. Legs pale grayish ochreous irrorated and
suffused with blackish fuscous except at joints. Abdomen pale
grayish ochreous irrorated with black and with a row of black spots on
each side beneath.
Male genitalia—Harpe slender, clothed with long, fine hairs; cucul-
lus pointed; clasper short, straight, bluntly pointed; sacculus mod-
erately sclerotized. Anellus slightly longer than broad, with small
lateral lobes; posterior margin with shallow cleft; basal portion con-
stricted. Aedeagus stout, slightly curved, bluntly pointed; vesica
armed with numerous strong spinulate cornuti. Vinculum rounded.
Transtilla a sclerotized band with well-developed lateral lobes.
Gnathos a spined knob. Socii fleshy, hairy flaps. Tegumen termi-
nating in a blunt point.
124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Alar expanse, 21 mm.
Type.—tIn the United States National Museum.
Type locality.—Pinal Mountains, Ariz. (R. Kunze).
Remarks.—I have seen no specimens certainly referable to this
species, although I have before me a series from White Mountains,
Ariz., which may belong here. The specimens from this locality aver-
age considerably larger than the type of sanguinella but may be well
within the range of variation for this species.
AGONOPTERIX AMYRISELLA (Busck)
PLATE 46, FicurRE 272
Depressaria amyrisella Buscx, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, p. 233, 1901—Dvyakr,
Proce. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 4, p. 476, 1901.—Busck, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 24, p. 741, 1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5872, 1908.—Krar-
FOTT, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6415, 1903.—
MEYRICK, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 175, 1922.—GaAkEpE, in
Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 300, 1939.
Agonopteryx amyrisella Busck, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 198, 1908.
Agonopteriz amyrisella (Busck) McDuNNouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8427, 1939.
Agnopteryz amyrisella (Busck) BARNES and McDunnovueH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6446, 1917.
Labial palpus yellowish white ; second segment with blackish-fuscous
base and with black irrorations; third segment with apical third black,
subbasal fourth light reddish fuscous; the whole palpus with a reddish
tinge. Antenna dark metallic greenish brown. Face yellowish with a
few brown scales. Head with erect scales, yellowish at bases, purplish
black toward tips, tips white with reddish tinge. Thorax yellowish
brown with violaceous scales intermixed and with a transverse crest of
six tufts of scales. Fore wing dark violaceous-brown sparsely irro-
rated with black scales; extreme base yellowish, the color not extend-
ing to costa, and containing a black spot near inner angle; beyond this
light basal patch a purplish-black fascia not attaining costa; at basal
third, in cell, a few scattered purplish-black scales; at end of cell a
small white discal spot broadly edged with black; on costa five rather
large blackish spots, the fourth (from base of wing) the largest, ex-
tending into cell and confluent with the black-edged white discal spot;
around termen six to eight small black spots; cilia yellowish brown
with a narrow fuscous subbasal line and tinged with reddish. Hind
wing yellowish brown, much darker apically; cilia light yellowish
fuscous with a broad fuscous subbasal band. Legs pale yellowish
brown irrorated and suffused with purplish black except at joints.
Abdomen pale yellowish brown infuscated above and with a row of
black spots on each side beneath.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 125
Female genitalia—Genital plate moderately sclerotized; anterior
edge lobed. Ostium small, round, opening about middle of plate.
Ductus bursae short, not much longer than bursa copulatrix; incep-
tion of ductus seminalis just before ostium. Bursa copulatrix large,
oval, without signum.
Alar expanse, 16-17 mm.
Type.—tIn the United States National Museum.
Type locality—Palm Beach, Fla.
Food plant—Amyris floridana Nutt.
Remarks.—This species is represented only by the type series.
These are females.
2. MARTYRHILDA, new genus
PLATE 2, FicurE 17; PLate 6, Ficure 44; PLate 10, Ficures 67, 67a; PLaTe 16,
FIGcurE 100
Genotype.—Depressaria canella Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol.
27, p. 764, 1904.
Similar to Agonopteriz but palpus more slender, smooth, brush on
second segment poorly developed or absent. Fore wing narrow,
elongate, bluntly pointed; costa straight. Hind wing with costa
straight or slightly excavate. Abdominal wall strongly sclerotized.
Male genitalia—Clasper divided, with transverse arm and longi-
tudinal arm, the former sometimes with lateral process from inside;
gnathos broadened, sometimes reniform; vesica usually armed with
strong cornuti.
Female genitalia—Signum always large, broadly oval to elongate,
never diamond-shaped. Ductus bursae membranous or partly sclero-
tized, sometimes with strong thornlike processes from inner surface.
Larva—As in Agonopteria.
Pupa.—Pubescent. Prothoracie femora exposed. Labial palpi not
exposed. Cremaster absent.
Remarks.—This genus is closely related to Agonopteria, differing
from it by the poor development or absence of the brush, of the second
segment of the labial palpus, the divided clasper of the harpe, the
unusually large broadly oval or elongate signum, and the exposed
prothoracic femora of the pupa.
With the genotype I associate ten other species, three of which I
have described as new.
The larvae of only three species of this genus are known. The larva
of sphaeralceae is a leaf miner; those of wmbraticostella and canella
are leaf tiers.
126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 90
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MARTYRHILDA BASED ON
COLORATION
Je "Ground: color'of fore wins, wihtite) orawhitish 22 =e see ee eee 2
Ground coloriofitorerwingotherwisete ae se oe eee er ee ee 4
2. Costa with a large fuscous blotch at middle___-_-_- canella (Busck) (p. 128)
Costa: without large dark markingg: = 2.2 en ee 3
3. Basal segment of antenna sordid whitish; hind wing smoky
FUSCOUS. ase stone ee ee ene oe sordidella, new species (p. 132)
Basal segment of antenna fuscous; hind wing white_ nivalis (Braun) (p. 139)
4. Base of fore wing dark reddish brown or blackish fuscous___--_-------- 5
Base of: forenwingrotherwise see ee er 7
5. Ground color of fore wing straw yellow__-_-- gracilis (Walsingham) (p. 138)
Ground ‘color of fore wing otherwise-— == -4--- 4 eee 3. = ee eae ee 6
6. Ground color of fore wing light reddish ochreous
umbraticestella (Walsingham) (p. 130)
Ground color of fore wing pale ochreous-gray.
thoracenigraeella (Chambers) (p. 135)
7. Costa, to about middle, lighter than general color of wing_----.------- 8
Costa not contrastingly lighter than remainder of wing_._------------- 10
8. Third segment of labial palpusimmaculate__ hildaella, new species (p. 140)
Mhirdssesment of labial palpusimacnlatess=sas== === = ae eee 9
9. Fore wing suffused or marked with reddish or brownish; alar
expanse 20 mm. Or more._-7--- 2 == klamathiana (Walsingham) (p. 142)
Fore wing without reddish or brownish suffusions or markings;
alan expanse! 19mm. oriless!. eee. Soe se sciadopa (Meyrick) (p. 144)
10. Ground color of fore wing grayish fuscous strongly overlaid with
whitish ochreous______-_____._------- sphaeralceae, new species (p. 138)
Ground color of fore wing brownish fuscous sparsely irrorated
WibLMnwiniGishN Ochre Ousies= == =m thoracefasciella (Chambers) (p. 136)
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MARTYRHILDA BASED ON MALE
GENITALIA
LevGnathos-reniformi@igs: 100,) 143)21 ees Sees ee Bee eee 2
Gnathosmot renitormn(hea49) Sas 22 2225. eee ae ee ee 4
2. Transverse arm of clasper extending beyond middle of harpe (figs.
Gy (Sai 59) pc en ——aeh A es Cp LT ne y e ER yee Sal 3
Transverse arm of clasper short, stout, not extending beyond
middievotsbarper(higad 45) Se ees ees eee sordidella, new species (p. 152)
. Harpe slender; both arms of clasper of about equal length; trans-
verse arm reaching costa of harpe (fig. 143)
umbraticostella (Walsingham) (p. 130)
Harpe short, broad; transverse arm of clasper longer than longi-
tudinal arm but not attaining costal edge of harpe (fig. 67)
canella (Busck) (p. 128)
/ Lobes.of transtillastused’ (igs. 1465147) a22= == a= eee eee 5
Lobes‘ of transtilla‘not fused (figs. 148, 149, etc.)-.-.-...--....----.-- 6
. Sacculus as broad as one-third width of harpe at base; transverse
and longitudinal arms of clasper of about equal length;
aedeagus about one-half length of harpe (fig. 146)
thoracefasciella (Chambers) (p. 186)
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE a7
Sacculus broader than one-third width of harpe at base; trans-
verse arm of clasper appreciably longer than longitudinal
arm; aedeagus longer than one-half length of harpe (fig. 147)
sphaeralceae, new species (p. 138)
. Transverse arm of clasper short, hardly extending beyond
middie) of harpe! Gigs 148)j=22 2222 22-2 S22 hildaella, new species (p. 140)
Transverse arm of clasper long, at least extending beyond middle
eu hanpe) (igs. 142144 teteab 28 ts Soe See ey Sosa Se aoe a
. Aedeagus sharply bent at middle (fig. 142a)_-_gracilis (Walsingham) (p.133)
Acdeagus slightly curved (figs. 149, 150, etc:)__/2f. 22-8. 8
. Transverse arm of clasper arising at middle, or slightly before
middle of harpe; aedeagus strongly compressed (figs. 149, 151)___-__- 9
Transverse arm of clasper arising well before middle of harpe;
aedeagus not appreciably compressed (fig. 150)--_.._--------------- 10
. Transverse arm of clasper reaching to or slightly beyond costa
of harpe; free from below middle of harpe
klamathiana (Walsingham) (p. 142)
Transverse arm of clasper not reaching costa of harpe; free
from middle of harpe or beyond (fig. 149)__--sciadopa (Meyrick) (p. 144)
. Both arms of clasper very slender, sharply pointed; vesica armed
with an elongate patch of fine cornuti (figs. 150, 150a)
nivalis (Braun) (p. 139)
Arms of clasper otherwise; vesica armed with an elongate patch
of strong cornuti (fig. 144)____-_- thoracenigraeella (Chambers) (p. 135)
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MARTYRHILDA BASED ON FEMALE
GENITALIA
; Ductus bursae partly sclerotized. (figs. 100, 239)___._..__-...---------- 2
Ductus bursae membranous, (figs. 232, 283% etc.) =-_-._._---_2--__-_-<_ 3
. Sclerotized portions of ductus bursae consisting of one moder-
ately large and one small area, the former bearing several
thornlike teeth inwardly (fig. 239) _thoracenigraeella (Chambers) (p. 135)
Sclerotized portion of ductus bursae consisting of one large
area armed inwardly with 17 or 18 short, stout teeth (fig. 100)
canella (Busck) (p. 128)
. Inner surface of ductus bursae armed with a group of 11 stout
ECU AEA Seer ee eye Snes tether ge hea sordidella, new species (p. 132)
Inner surface of ductus bursae unarmed (figs. 232, etc.)_..___________-- 4
mSionumibroadiy oval (fies. 231) 253)2 2-262 2a ee ek 5
Signum~clongatec fies. 2a2, 2o0 jetC.) 222226 4. en ee eae eee eo 6
. Ostium with a strongly sclerotized area laterally (fig. 233)
gracilis (Walsingham) (p. 133)
Ostium without such sclerotized area (fig. 231)____nivalis (Braun) (p. 139)
. Signum with several long teeth projecting from posterior end
(fie BD SD) eee ees aia eee 2 umbraticostella (Walsingham) (p. 130)
Sienum without such teeth: (figs: 235; ete.) =_-_-_ =)... .. -...----=-L=25 7
. Bursa copulatrix distinctly asymmetrical (figs. 234, 236)_-------------- 8
Bursa) copulatrix symmetricals (igs! 255))237)= = 2-2 22 Se oe eee eee 9
. Genital plate with two narrow raised ridges posterior to ostium
(Cie, DRY DY Sakae Poe os See See klamathiana (Walsingham) (p. 142)
Genital plate without such ridges (fig. 236) -__-- sciadopa (Meyrick) (p. 144)
. Ostium with sclerotized, cuplike structures laterally (fig. 235)
thoracefasciella (Chambers) (p. 136)
. Ostium without such structures (fig. 237) __sphaeralceae, new species (p 138)
128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
MARTYRHILDA CANELLA (Busck)
Puate 2, Ficurn 17; Pxuate 6, Ficure 44; PrLate 10, Ficures 67, 67a;
Pirate 16, Ficure 100
Depressaria canella Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 764, 1904.—
Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 180, p. 176, 1922.—Garpr,
in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 311, 1939.
Agonopteryx canella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 198, 1908.—
Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 68, p. 238, 1928.
Agonopterix canella (Busck) McDuNnoucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8433, 1939.
Agnopteryx canella (Busck) Barnes and McDunnovueH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6437, 1917.
Agonopteryx cogitata Braun, Can. Ent., vol. 58, p. 47, 1926.
Agonopterix cogitata (Braun) McDunnovucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8433, 19389. (As. synonym of canella (Busck) ).
Depressaria cogitata (Braun) GAEDE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt.
92, p. 316, 1989.
Labial palpus white strongly irrorated with fuscous. Antenna,
head, and collar of thorax fuscous to black; face whitish. Thorax
and ground color of fore wing pure white, the latter marked with
black, brown, and fuscous; basal third with a few inconspicuous black
and fuscous spots and fine strigulae; from costa, at middle, a large
fuscous blotch extending to near middle of cell edged above and below
with brown and preceded by a black crescentic dash; around termen
a series of black or fuscous spots; cilia whitish strongly suffused with
fuscous. Hind wing light fuscous; cilia whitish. Legs white
strongly mottled and overlaid with fuscous or black. Abdomen
white with a black lateral stripe on each side beneath.
Male genitalia—Harpe lightly sclerotized except for sacculus,
which is heavily sclerotized and deeply folded; sacculus produced to
form a broadly bifid clasper, transverse arm long, extending beyond
middle of harpe, the other produced toward cucullus. Anellus a
broad, sclerotized plate, dorsoventrally concave; two dorsal projec-
tions laterally produced. Aedeagus stout, blunt; vesica armed with
several stout cornuti, the terminals (1-3) at right angles to the long
axis of the aedeagus forming hook. Vinculum broad, rounded.
Lobes of transtilla not fused. Gnathos a reniform, heavily spined
knob.
Female genitalia.—Ostium round. Genital plate heavily sclerotized
at edges of ostium; ductus bursae short, constricted just before bursa
copulatrix; the posterior portion broad, heavily sclerotized; near the
anterior edge of the sclerotized portion of the ductus a group of 18
short, stout spines (this probably varies). Signum of bursa copulatrix
a large oval plate.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 129
Larva—Length 11-12 mm. Head light brown with a heavy suffu-
sion of dark brown on the margins, epicranial sutures and, especially,
beneath. Body subcylindrical, considerably thicker at middle and
tapering toward each end. Thoracic and abdominal segments hght
yellowish green, lighter ventrally. Prothoracie shield light yellowish
brown. Thoracic legs yellowish with joints edged with brown.
Tubercles large, black; spiracles edged with brown.
The larvae of canella are often abundant, and their work is char-
acteristic and easily recognized. Tarly in spring the tubes, formed
by the larvae from tied terminal leaves, are conspicuous as “beaked”
processes at right angles to the long axis of the stem. Frequently
several tubes are constructed by one larva so that it becomes necessary
to inspect several tubes before the larva is finally located. From the
terminal portion of the tube the woolly covering of the leaves is ejected,
this often forming a conspicuous mass. Pupation occurs in debris
at the base of the plant. In the laboratory larvae pupated on April
24 and 25, and the moths emerged May 8, 1934.
The species is exceedingly difficult to rear. In the spring of 1935
nearly 400 larvae were collected but only 19 moths were obtained.
This might suggest faulty rearing conditions but three systems were
used with the same results. This and the fact that in nature the
moths are scarce, although the larvae are abundant, suggest a natural
high mortality.
Alar expanse, 16-20 mm.
Type.—tn the United States National Museum (canella); A. F.
Braun collection, Cincinnati, Ohio (cogitata).
Type localities—Pullman, Wash. (canella) (Piper); Aweme,
Manitoba (cogitata).
Food plants.—Antennaria luzuloides T. & I. (Clarke) ; Gnaphalium
(J. McDunnough).
Distribution—Western United States and Canada in the Rocky
Mountain and intermountain areas; northeastern United States and
eastern Canada.
United States records
California: Warner Mountains, 3 mi. E., Davis Creek, Modoe County, alt. 5,500
feet, ¢ (8—-15-VII-1922, A. W. Lindsey).
Connecticut: New Haven, ¢ (Dr. Britton).
Idaho: Viola, Moscow Mountains, 2 (12-VI-35, J. F. G. Clarke [reared]).
New Hampshire: Portsmouth, ¢ (VI-9-05, C. E. Montgomery).
New York: Big Indian Valley, Catskill Mountains, 9 (IX—2-10, R. F. Pearsall) ;
Tlion (6, VI-25-13, 2 9 9, VI-25-13, VII-11-17, H. McHlhose) ; also Wil-
mington and Ithaca (according to Forbes) ; Ithaca, 2 (30-VI-31, A. B. Klots).
Washington: Kamiack Butte, Whitman County, 8 ¢ 6 and9 2 @ (May 8, 1984;
May 16—June 18, 1935, J. F. G. Clarke [reared]) ; Pullman, ¢ (2 September
98).
286614—41—_7
130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Canadian records
Alberta: Waterton Lakes (12 July, J. McDunnough).
British Columbia: Chilcotin, ¢ (VIII-—22-25, George V. Copley).
Manitoba: Aweme.
Quebec: Kazubeque, ¢ (VI-24-27, J. McDunnough [reared] ).
Remarks.—There is no doubt about the synonymy of this species.
Dr. Braun distinguishes her cogtata from canella on the basis of the
absence of the black anterior border of the thorax and the white apical
portion of the hind wing of the latter species. Although Busck did
not mention the black anterior portion of the thorax in his description,
all specimens I have seen, including the type, have it present. The
use of a white apical portion of the hind wing to distinguish further
between the two is impractical, no two specimens of this species having
the same amount of black scaling at the apex of the hind wing and some
lacking it entirely. The difference in the male genitalia is confined
to the number of cornuti present on the vesica; but this character is
useless since the number differs in different specimens.
This species closely resembles the European alstroemeriana but is
easily distinguished from it by the black or very dark-brown collar.
MARTYRHILDA UMBRATICOSTELLA (Walsingham)
Puate 24, Ficures 143, 148a; PLate 41, Ficure 232
Depressaria umbraticostella WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 318,
pl. 36, fig. 8—Ruitey, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America,
No. 5283, 1891.—Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 786, 1902; in Dyar,
U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5855, 1903.—Kerarrotr, in Smith, List of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6398, 1803—Buscxk, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 27, p. 763, 1904.—Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase.
180, p. 177, 1922.—GarpE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 356,
1939.
Agonopterys umbraticostella (Walsingham) Buscxk, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol.
85, p. 198, 1908.—Bravun, Trans Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 51, p. 197, 1925.
Agonopteria umbraticostella (Walsingham) McDunnoucu, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Micro-
lepidoptera), No. 8455, 1939.
Agnopteryx umbraticostella (Walsingham) Barnes and McDunnoucH, Check
list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6434, 1917.
Labial palpus light ochreous suffused with light fuscous; third
segment with median and basal bands, the latter poorly defined.
Antenna fuscous. Head ochreous irrorated with fuscous. Thorax
and base of fore wing blackish fuscous to black. Fore wing light
reddish ochreous with small diffused blackish-fuscous spots on costa
and around termen; on middle of costa a conspicuous, outwardly dif-
fused blackish-fuscous shade preceded by two minute (sometimes
inconspicuous) discal dots of the same color; from costal patch,
around termen to near middle of inner margin, a light fuscous shade;
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 131
cilia light fuscous. Hind wing shining grayish fuscous. Legs
whitish ochreous, the fore and mid legs strongly overlaid with fus-
cous; hind legs lightly so with their tarsi fuscous and annulated with
whitish ochreous. Abdomen light fuscous above, whitish ochreous
beneath with a lateral stripe on each side and irrorations blackish
fuscous.
Male genitalia—Harpe lightly clothed with hairs; costa heavily
sclerotized; clasper divided, the arms long, of about equal length;
one arm, parelleling the sacculus, stout and sharply pointed; the trans-
verse arm curved, reaching costa and having a lateral thornlike
process projecting toward the sacculus. Anellus a more or less
shield-shaped plate, deeply excavated on the posterior margin, the
excavation, in the main, being formed by two heavily sclerotized,
winglike processes. Vinculum broad, rounded. Aedeagus stout,
straight, bluntly pointed, with a large spinulate patch about the
middle. Transtilla a broad sclerotized band. Gnathos reniform.
Tegumen bifid. Socii rectangular flaps bearing a few hairs.
Female genitalia—Genital plate narrow at the middle, the entire
width being taken up by the rectangular ostium, then broadening
laterally. Ductus bursae short, broad, and membranous. Bursa
copulatrix large, oval; signum a large, elongate oval plate, slightly
broader anteriorly than posteriorly, with long, spinelike projections
at the posterior end.
Alar expanse, 16-19 mm.
Type.—In the British Museum.
Type localities —Mount Shasta, Calif., and “North Oregon.”
Food plants —Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. and Helian-
thus pumilus Nutt.
Distribution.—W estern United States and Canada.
United States records
Arizona: White Mountains, Apache Indian Reservation, alt. 7,000 ft., 5 2 2,
3 22 (June 1925, O. C. Poling); ¢, 9 (July 5-15, 1925); 9 (August 1-15
1925).
California: Mount Shasta, ¢ ; Placer County, ¢ (September).
Colorado: Williams Range, ¢ (August 8, A. J. Snyder).
New Mexico: Fort Wingate, 2 (July 16-23).
Oregon: “Camp Watson” 2 ¢ ¢ (III, IV, 1872, Walsingham).
Utah: Stockton, 2 ¢ ¢ (IX-6, IX-7-07, Tom Spalding) ; Eureka (¢, VII-13-11,
6, VIII-14-11, 2, VIII-29-11, Tom Spalding).
Washington: Almota, Whitman County, ¢ (IV-5-30, J. F. G. Clarke); Pull-
man, 2 6¢6 (III-1-98, C. V. Piper), 9 (II-17-30, D. H. Brannon),
é (VII-26-32, T. M. Clarke [reared]), ¢ (IV-13-26, J. F. G. Clarke), @
(I1I-26-80, J. F. G. Clarke); Snake River, Whitman County, opposite
Clarkston, ¢ (IV-28-32, J. F. G. Clarke); Wenatchee, 2 64 (VI-5-30,
VI-10-30, A. Spuler), 2 (IX-5-29, A. Spuler).
,
132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Canadian records
British Columbia: Vernon (20—XI-1927, A. A. Dennys).
Remarks.—This species seems to be confined to far-western North
America, where it is rather widely distributed. It was originally
described from specimens collected by Lord Walsingham on Mount
Shasta, Calif., and in North Oregon. Busck ** also records specimens
from Arizona. He further states that Dyar bred a specimen from
Helianthus pumilus collected near Denver and Sedalia, Colo.
Braun ** bred three specimens from Balsamorhiza sagittata collected
near Logan, Utah.
MARTYRHILDA SORDIDELLA, new species
PLATE 24, Ficurrs 145, 145a; Prats 41, Figure 238
Labial palpus, head, thorax, abdomen, and ground color of fore
wing sordid whitish; second segment of labial palpus with sparse
brown and fuscous irrorations exteriorly; third segment immaculate;
antenna with basal segment sordid whitish; remainder of segments
fuscous with dull golden-yellow scaling above. Thorax and fore wing
irrorated with dull golden-yellow and brown; from apical third of
costa around termen to inner margin a series of indistinct brownish
spots, with a few dull golden-yellow scales mixed; at basal third a
brown discal spot; below this spot in fold (vein 1c) an elongate dull
golden-yellow patch; at end of cell a conspicuous brown discal spot;
cilia white, rather shining; underside of fore wing fuscous, except
around edges. Hind wing smoky fuscous; cilia white with a brown
subbasal line. Legs sordid whitish, slightly overlaid and mottled
with fuscous exteriorly; tarsi fuscous except at joints.
Male genitalia—Harpe moderately broad, tapering gradually to
the bluntly pointed cucullus, and lghtly clothed with coarse hairs;
sacculus broad and very heavily sclerotized; clasper divided, the longi-
tudinal arm produced as a strong, long, bluntly pointed extension of
the sacculus, the transverse arm as a short, stubby, moderately sclero-
tized projection about middle of harpe. Anellus a broad rectangular
plate with concave posterior edge, moderately well developed hairy
lateral lobes and a broad median process from basal edge. Aedeagus
stout, moderately long, nearly straight, bluntly pointed; vesica armed
with an elongate patch of strong cornuti. Vinculum broadly rounded.
Transtilla a narrow sclerotized band with large, hairy, fleshy, lateral
lobes. Gnathos reniform. Tegumen pointed. Socii large fleshy,
hairy lobes.
Female genitalia —Genital plate moderately broad, lightly scler-
otized. Ostium large, round, with an elongate, strongly sclerotized
23 Buseck, A., Proe. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 756, 1902.
% Braun, A. F., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 51, p. 197, 1925.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 133
patch on each side inwardly; anterolateral edge narrowly but heavily
sclerotized. Ductus bursae membranous, short, broad, with 10 or 11
short, stout, strongly sclerotized, thornlike teeth inwardly ; inception
of ductus seminalis adjacent to ostium. Bursa copulatrix moderately
large, round; signum a large, round, toothed plate.
Alar expanse, 18-21 mm.
Type.—tIn the Canadian National collection.
Paratypes.—U. 8. N. M. No. 53258; also in the Canadian National
collection.
Type locality —Shingle Creek, Penticton, British Columbia.
Food plant.—Unknown.
Remarks.—Described from the ¢ type, 10 6 and 3? paratypes
from British Columbia as follows: Brent’s Landing, Penticton,
3 8 6 (30-V-1935); Shingle Creek, Penticton, 6 3 ¢ (16-V-1936) ;
Shingle Creek Road, Keremeos, ¢ (8-VI-1935) ; Summerland, 2 ¢ @
(25-V-1935) ; Vaseaux Lake, ¢ (18-V-1936), all collected by A. N.
Gartrell; Penticton, ¢ (7-VI-1935, J. McDunnough). The entire
type series was submitted by Dr. McDunnough.
This is the third species of the genus from North America with a
white ground color to come to my attention.
The costa of the fore wing of the female is somewhat straighter
than that of the male and is more nearly parallel to the inner margin,
producing a wing that is narrower and of nearly equal width
throughout its length.
MARTYRHILDA GRACILIS (Walsingham)
PLATE 24, Ficures 142, 142a; PLatse 41, Ficure 233
Depressaria gracilis WALSINGHAM, Ins. Life, vol. 1, p. 257, 1889.—Busck, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 737, 1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52,
No. 5857, 1903.—Kerarrort, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, No. 6400, 1903.—MeEyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc.
180, p. 177, 1922.—GarpE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 325,
1939.
Agonopteryr gracilis (Walsingham) BuscKk, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p.
198, 1908.
Agonopterix gracilis (Walsingham) McDunnovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8457, 1939.
Agnopteryxz gracilis (Walsingham) Barnes and McDuNNovu6H, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6436, 1917.
Labial palpus straw yellow; second segment blotched with reddish
brown outwardly; third segment with a reddish-brown subapical
annulus. Antenna with basal segment dark brown, remainder brown.
Head straw yellow with a light reddish-brown patch above the base
of each antenna. Thorax and base of forewing dark reddish brown.
Ground color of fore wing and cilia straw yellow; discal spots dark
134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
brown, the first two, obliquely one above the other, before middle,
the third at end of cell; from costa, just before apex, around termen
a series of six or seven dark brown spots; cilia strongly mixed with
dark brown. Hind wing pale grayish fuscous; cilia pale straw
yellow with a faint, narrow, brown subbasal line. Legs straw yellow;
anterior femora and tarsi strongly overlaid with brown; tarsi of
middle and hind legs tinged with brown. Abdomen brownish above
with posterior edges of segments and ventral surface straw yellow.
Male genitalia—Harpe moderately broad; costa heavily sclerotized
to a point just before cucullus; clothing of hairs confined to the apical
half except for a group of coarse hairs on base just below the costa;
clasper divided, one arm, paralleling the sacculus, short and acutely
pointed, the other, long, reaching to a point just below the costa, with
a short, blunt lateral projection. Anellus a broad, sclerotized plate
with an elongated troughlike articulation on which the aedeagus
rests. Vinculum rounded. Aedeagus stout, bent sharply at middle
and tapering gently to a blunt point. Transtilla a narrow band with
hairy lateral lobes. Gnathos an oval,spined knob. Tegumen rounded
at apex. Socii fleshy flaps with a few hairs.
Female genitalia—Genital plate broad, rather heavily sclerotized
around the ostium. Ostium deeply concave. The edges immedi-
ately around the ostium and the posterior portion of the ductus bursae
are spinulate. Just before the ostium the ductus bursae is constricted.
Ductus bursae short, membranous, unarmed on inner surface, widen-
ing gently into the large bursa copulatrix. Signum a large, broadly
oval, slightly sclerotized plate.
Alar expanse, 15-18 mm.
Type.—M the British Museum.
Type locality —Texas.
Food plant.—Unknown.
Distribution—Western United States.
United States records
California: Laguna Beach, @ ; Loma Linda, San Bernardino County, 2 (Oct.
8-15); San Diego, 2 6 ¢ (Nov. 21, 1921, Karl R. Coolidge), 3 ¢¢ (May
24-30), 2 (June 16-23), 2 (April 16-23), 2 (IV-26-08, Geo. H. Field).
Colorado: Colorado Springs (Fountain Valley School), 3 ¢¢ (20-31-VIII-32,
A. B. Klots) ; Denver, ¢ (Oslar);2 9 @ (no data).
Iowa: Iowa City, 9 (G. G. Ainslie).
South Dakota: Elk Point, 9 (Aug. 1918, C. N. Ainslie).
Texas: 2 64 (X-06, H. Lacey). y
Remarks.—This very distinct species cannot be confused with any
other described North American Martyrhilda, but it closely resembles
the European culcitella.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 1p
MARTYRHILDA THORACENIGRAEELLA (Chambers)
PLATE 24, Ficure 144; PLATE 41, Ficurr 239
Gelechia thoracenigraeella CHAMBERS, Cincinnati Quart. Journ. Sci., vol. 2, p. 246,
1875; U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 147, 1878.
Depressaria thoracenigraeella (Chambers) Ritey, in Smith, List of the Lepidop-
tera of Boreal America, No. 5495, 1891.—Busck, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 24,
p. 736, 1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5856, 1903.—Kerarrort, in
Smith, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6399, 1903.—
Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 176, 1922.—GAEDE, in
Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 355, 1939.
Agonopterya thoracenigracela (Chambers) Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35,
p. 198, 1908.
Agonopterix thoracenigracella (Chambers) McDunnoucH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Micro-
lepidoptera), No. 8456, 1939.
Agnopteryx thoracenigracella (Chambers) BarNes and McDuNnnNoueH, Check
list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 64385, 1917.
Labial palpus whitish ochreous; second segment irrorated with
fuscous; third segment with a broad, well-defined black subapical
annulus and a narrower, poorly defined basal annulus of the same
color. Antenna fuscous. Head, thorax, and ground color of fore
wing pale ochreous-gray; fore part of thorax and base of fore wing
blackish fuscous; from costa to middle of cell a fuscous shade edged
above and below with brown and preceded by a conspicuous outwardly
oblique black dash; on costa and around termen a series of grayish-
fuscous spots; cilia light fuscous irrorated with whitish ochreous.
Hind wing brownish fuscous; cilia somewhat lighter with a white ter-
minal edge. Legs light grayish ochreous overlaid and mottled with
fuscous; hind tarsi fuscous, annulated with whitish ochreous. Abdo-
men grayish ochreous above, beneath whitish ochreous with a black
lateral line on each side.
Male genitalia—Kssentially like gracilis, differing chiefly in the
characters of the aedeagus. Harpe moderately broad and clothed with
fine hairs, especially in apical half; clasper divided, one arm parallel-
ing sacculus, the other transverse, arising well before middle of harpe,
reaching nearly to costa, and without lateral process; sacculus heavily
sclerotized; anellus a sclerotized plate with median trough on which
the aedeagus articulates; lateral hairy lobes present. Aedeagus stout,
only slightly curved; cornuti numerous, strong, in an elongate patch.
Vinculum rounded, broad. Transtilla a narrow sclerotized band with
lateral hairy lobes. Gnathos an oval spined knob. Socii fleshy hairy
lobes. Apex of tegumen with median cleft.
Female genitalia—Ostium moderately large, located near anterior
edge of genital plate. Ductus seminalis entering ductus bursae just
anterior to ostium. Ductus bursae membranous except for two sclero-
136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
tized patches, one large, the other small, each set with sharp thornlike
projections. Signum of bursa very large, oval.
Alar expanse, 16-17 mm.
Type.—In the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
Type locality—Behrens, Calif.
Food plant —Unknown.
Distribution.—Known only from California,
United States records
California: Carmel, 4 ¢ ¢, 9 (“June,” A. H. Vachell).
Remarks.—The type of thoracenigraeelia, in the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology, Cambridge, is in very poor condition. The right
fore wing, in good condition, is still attached to the thorax, but the
abdomen, most of the legs, and all the other wings are gone.
Despite the poor condition of the type I have been able to recognize
five specimens as this species. The figures of the genitalia have been
made from two of these specimens.
MARTYRHILDA THORACEFASCIELLA (Chambers)
PLATE 24, Ficures 146, 146a; PLATE 41, Figure 235
Gelechia thoracefasciclla CHAMBERS, Cincinnati Quart. Journ. Sci., vol. 2, p. 246,
1875; Can. Ent., vol. 10, p. 50, 1878; U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4,
p. 147, 1878.
Depressaria thoracefasciela (Chambers) Ritry, in Smith, List of the Lepidop-
tera of Boreal America, No. 5494, 1891.—Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol.
24, p. 740, 1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5867, 1908.—KEaRForTT,
in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6410, 1903.—GaxnE,
in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 354, 1939.
Depressaria thoracifasciella (Chambers) Mryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insec-
torum, fase. 180, p. 176, 1922.
Agnopteryx thoracefasciella (Chambers) BarNrs and McDuNNnovuaH, Check list
of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6451, 1917.
Agonopteria thoracefasciella (Chambers) McDuNnnoucH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Micro-
lepidoptera), No. 8442, 1939.
Labial palpus with second segment ochreous-white, mottled with
fuscous exteriorly; third segment blackish fuscous with a poorly
defined ochreous-white median band and _ ochreous-white tip.
Antenna blackish fuscous. Head, thorax, base and basal fourth of
costa of fore wing whitish ochreous. Ground color of fore wing
brownish fuscous sparsely irrorated with whitish ochreous; extreme
base of costa, and shade beyond whitish-ochreous base, blackish
fuscous; first two discal spots small, black, obliquely placed one above
the other; at the end of cell a conspicuous white or whitish-ochreous
discal spot surrounded by a blackish-fuscous suffusion; along costa
and around termen a series of poorly defined blackish-fuscous spots;
cilia fuscous, mixed with ochreous-white. Hind wing brownish
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 137
fuscous, lighter basally; cilia fuscous. Legs blackish fuscous irro-
rated with ochreous-white; tarsi annulated with ochreous-white.
Abdomen fuscous above; beneath, ochreous-white overlaid and irro-
rated with fuscous,
Male genitalia—Harpe moderately sclerotized; cucullus rounded
and clothed with fine hairs. Transverse and longitudinal arms of
clasper of about equal length, the former extending beyond the costa;
sacculus as broad as one-third the width of harpe at base. Anellus
a roughly rectangular sclerotized plate emarginate on the posterior
edge; lateral lobes minute. Transtilla a narrow band with fused
hairy lobes. Vinculum rounded, broad. Aedeagus slender, about
one-half the length of harpe, slightly curved, unarmed; apex slightly
recurved. Gnathos an oval spined knob; supporting arms moderately
sclerotized. Socii small, clothed with few hairs; widely separated.
Tegumen truncated, slightly emarginate.
Female genitalia —Ostium large, rounded; on each side of the
ostium the genital plate is produced into a strongly sclerotized pocket.
Inception of the ductus seminalis slightly anterior to the sclerotized
pockets. Ductus bursae membranous, unarmed on inner surface,
tapering gradually into the symmetrical bursa copulatrix. Signum
an elongate scobinate plate attenuated and broken posteriorly.
The abdominal wall of this species differs from that of sphaeralceae
in being much less strongly sclerotized. The harpes of the male are
broader and correspondingly shorter, and much less sclerotized. The
aedeagus is shorter than that of sphaeralceae and the apex is more
strongly recurved. The female genitalia show marked differences.
The signum of sphaeralceae is smaller and less strongly sclerotized
than that of thoracefasciella and the sclerotized pockets of the latter
species are totally wanting in the former.
Alar expanse, 15-17 mm.
Type.—tIn the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
Type locality—Behrens, Calif.
Food plants —Sidalcea malvaeflora A. Gray (Keifer rearing) and
Malva? (C. M. Dammers).
Distribution.—Southwestern United States.
United States records
Arizona: Hualapi Mountains, Mojave County, 2 ¢¢, 2 (May 24-31, no col-
lector).
California: Diamond Spring, Eldorado County, 3 ¢¢,3 292 (V-26 to V-3-35,
H. H. Keifer) ; Canyon Valley, San Bernardino County, ¢ (VII-1-32, no
collector) ; Riverside, 2 (June 1930, C. M. Dammers) ; Mill Valley, Marin
County, 4 ¢ 6 (5-12-III-20, E. P. Van Duzee).
Remarks.—I have examined the type of this species and have made
a slide of the male genitalia. These agree exactly with specimens
from our reared series.
138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
MARTYRHILDA SPHAERALCEAE, new species
PLATE 24, FicurEs 147, 147a ; PLATE 41, FIGURE 237
A small, gray, narrow-winged western species, closely related to the
foregoing, but easily distinguished from it by the genitalia.
Head, palpus, and antenna dark grayish fuscous; face whitish
ochreous; second segment of labial palpus whitish ochreous inwardly
-and above with a liberal sprinkling of whitish-ochreous scales out-
wardly; third segment whitish ochreous above, the color extending
around middle to form an incomplete annulus; apex whitish ochreous;
antenna with narrow fuscous annulations. Thorax and ground color
of fore wing grayish fuscous, the tips of the scales narrowly whitish
ochreous; basal part of fore wing, usually with more whitish-ochreous
scaling, appearing lighter than ground color and followed by a dark
fuscous shading; at basal third two black obliquely placed discal spots
followed by white scales, the spots frequently confluent, forming an
outwardly oblique discal dash; at end of cell a white discal spot sur-
rounded by blackish-fuscous scales; along costa and around termen
a series of indistinct fuscous spots; underside of costa whitish ochreous
to apex; a row of black scales around termen; cilia gray mixed with
fuscous and whitish-ochreous scales. Hind wing grayish fuscous with
light fuscous cilia; a fuscous band around margin at base of cilia;
a blackish-fuscous line around apex and termen beneath. Legs fus-
cous irrorated with whitish ochreous; tarsi annulated with whitish
ochreous. Abdomen fuscous above with grayish at the posterior mar-
gin of each segment; grayish laterally and beneath with a row of black
lateral spots.
Male genitalia—Harpe ample, strongly sclerotized; cucullus blunt-
pointed, clothed with fine hairs; transverse arm of clasper appreciably
longer than longitudinal arm, reaching well beyond costa; sacculus
broader than one-third the width of harpe at base. Anellus roughly
rectangular, emarginate on the posterior edge; lateral lobes scarcely
developed. Transtilla a narrow band with well-developed, fused,
lateral hairy lobes. Aedeagus slender, slightly curved, longer than
one-half the length of harpe, pointed, unarmed. Vinculum rounded.
Gnathos an oval spined knob; supporting arms strongly sclerotized.
Socii fleshy hairy lobes, well separated. Tegumen with the apex
emarginate.
Female genitalia—Ostium small, round at extreme anterior edge
of genital plate. Genital plate broad, weakly sclerotized. Ductus
bursae moderately stout, membranous, tapering gradually into bursa;
inception of ductus seminalis just anterior to the ostium. Bursa
copulatrix symmetrical, oval; signum a small, weakly sclerotized,
elongate plate.
Alar expanse, 15-18 mm.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 139
Larva.—Length 9-11 mm. Head and cervical shield light brown,
the former broadly suffused laterally and posteriorly with dark
brown; epicranial sutures dark brown; ocelli light brown surrounded
by a blackish area. Underside of head yellowish brown. The shield
is bisected by a narrow light-green or yellowish longitudinal line;
posterior half of shield dark brown; beyond this, on dorsal half,
prothorax whitish. Thoracic and abdominal segments apple green
with a broad suffusion of whitish around the dark brown tubercles
and on the posterior edges of the segments. Setae long, yellowish
brown proximally, whitish distally. Anal plate pale green with
whitish posterolateral edges. Thoracic legs yellowish brown with
lighter annulations at the joints.
The larva is a leaf miner forming a blotch mine. In the early
stages frass is ejected from the mine through a small silken tube,
which is constructed at one edge of the mine, usually parallel to
the midrib of the leaf. In the later instars the larva folds a leaf
and completely mines out the spongy material between the upper and
lower epidermal layers. The larva remains in this large, roomy mine
until ready to pupate. Pupation occurs in sand or soil at the base
of the plant.
The larvae are abundant in the Grand Coulee, where nearly all
plants of Sphaeralcea munroana, which are numerous, are heavily
infested. The leaves are badly discolored owing to the thoroughness
with which they are mined.
Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 52076.
Type locality—Park Lake, Grant County, Grand Coulee, Wash.
Food plant.—Sphaeralcea munroana (Dougl.) Spach.
Remarks.—Described from the ¢ type, 5 ¢ and 42 paratypes
(V-15 to VI-12, 1935, J. F. G. Clarke). Paratypes in United States
National Museum, Canadian National, and H. H. Keifer collections.
MARTYRHILDA NIVALIS (Braun)
PLATE 25, Figures 150, 150a; PLAtTe 40, Figure 231
Agonopteryx nivalis Braun, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 73, p. 10, 1921.
Agonopteriz nivalis (Braun) McDuNNouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Can-
ada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8419,
1939.
Depressaria nivalis (Braun) GAEDE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92,
p. 334, 1939,
Labial palpus white except for some light-brown scaling on the out-
side of second segment. Antenna fuscous. Head, thorax, and fore and
hind wings white; slightly beyond base of fore wing, in inner angle
and along inner margin, a faint light-brown shade; two discal spots,
obliquely one above the other, at basal third, another, larger, white-
centered discal spot at end of cell, a series of spots along costa and
140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
around termen and sparse irrorations over entire surface of fore wing
fuscous to blackish fuscous. Legs and abdomen white, the former
strongly suffused with fuscous.
Male genitalia—Harpe ample, gently tapering toward cucullus, the
Jatter rounded. Sacculus strongly sclerotized; both arms of clasper
very slender, sharply pointed, the transverse arm arising well before
middle of harpe and reaching two-thirds distance toward costa. Anel-
lus a weakly sclerotized broad plate with well developed, slightly hairy,
lateral lobes. Transtilla a weakly sclerotized band with well developed
lateral lobes. Aedeagus slender, slightly curved, not appreciably com-
pressed, bluntly pointed with elongate, spinulate patch on vesica. Vin-
culum rounded. Gnathos an oval spined knob. Socii weakly sclero-
tized, sparsely hairy, fleshy lobes.
Female genitalia—Ostium small, round, without strongly sclero-
tized area laterally. Ductus bursae membranous, slender, inception of
ductus seminalis on right side just before ostium. Bursa copulatrix
large, pear-shaped, with strongly sclerotized oval signum.
Alar expanse, 21-23 mm.
Type—tIn collection of Dr. A. F. Braun, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Type locality—Two Medicine Lake, Glacier National Park, Mont.
Food plant—Unknown.
Distribution—Western United States and Canada in Mountains.
United States records
Washington: Skyline Ridge, Mount Baker district, Whatcom County, alt. 6,000
feet, 2,3 2992 (26-VII-25 and 16-VIII-30, J. F. G. Clarke).
Wyoming: Green River Lake, Wind River Range, 12 634, 2 (July 24 to August
7, 1935, A. B. Klots).
Canadian records
Alberta: Lake Louise, ¢ (“VIII-1918”).
Remarks.-~—This is one of three known white species in this genus
from North America. The others, canella and sordidella (new spe-
cies), cannot be confused with it.
Dr. Braun has compared a male with her type and has kindly
verified my determination of the species,
The venation is subject to considerable variation, one female having,
on the right side, an accessory cell in the fore wing between veins 9
and 11 that is included in the discal cell; vein 7 of the hind wing is
forked.
MARTYRHILDA HILDAELLA, new species
PLATE 24, Fiaurss 148, 148a
Labial palpus sordid whitish; second segment with sparse black and
fuscous irrorations exteriorly, mostly confined to basal half, and with
slight infuscation in the undivided slender brush; third segment im-
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 141
maculate. Antenna grayish fuscous with narrow fuscous annulations.
Head, thorax, and base of fore wing sordid whitish, the latter diffused
along costa to slightly beyond basal third; tegula with a pale brownish
suffusion toward apex; fore wing strongly irrorated with contrasting
black spots, especially along veins; in the light basal patch, slightly
below costa, a conspicuous black spot; beyond basal patch a transverse
dark fuscous dash, which does not reach costa and which rapidly fades
to a pale brownish ochreous, becomes stronger in color from middle to
apical third, where it is followed by sordid whitish or cinereous and
is narrowly diffused along costa to apex; at middle of cell a conspicuous
though small black discal spot; at end of cell a white discal spot edged
with black; above and below the latter spot considerable black scaling
fusing with the brownish-ochreous shade; from apical third of costa,
around termen to inner margin a series of blackish dashes edged in-
wardly and narrowly with pale yellowish brown; whole surface of
wing somewhat lustrous and appearing predominantly gray; cilia
light fuscous, darker basally. Hind wing shining grayish fuscous;
cilia brownish fuscous with a fuscous basal band. Legs ochreous-white
strongly overlaid and suffused with fuscous except at joints. Abdomen
light grayish fuscous with some cinereous and white scales mixed and
with a median longitudinal fuscous shade beneath.
Male genitalia—Harpe rather broad, clothed with coarse hairs in
outer half; basal half heavily sclerotized except for a small mem-
branous median area; costa and ventral margin parallel and evenly
curved ; cucullus rounded; sacculus rather narrow, very strongly sclero-
tized; clasper divided, the longitudinal arm produced as a strong
pointed extension of the sacculus, the transverse arm a slender pointed
process extending but slightly beyond middle of harpe. Anellus a
broad, subrectangular plate with large hairy lateral lobes, concave
posterior edge and broad sagittate basal process. Aedeagus stout,
moderately long, gently curved; vesica armed with a large elongate
patch of rather strong cornuti. Vinculum narrowly rounded. Trans-
tilla a narrow sclerotized band with large hairy lateral lobes. Gnathos
oval. Tegumen truncate. Socii fleshy, hairy lobes.
Alar expanse, 18-21 mm.
Type.—tIn the Canadian National Collection.
Paratypes—UvU. 8. N. M. No. 53259; also in the Canadian National
Collection.
Type locality—Cameron Bay, Great Bear Lake, Northwest Terri-
tories, Canada.
Food plant —Unknown.
Remarks.—Described from the ¢ type and 54 paratypes all from
the type locality (8-12-VII-1937, T. N. Freeman). I have seen no
females.
142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
MARTYRHILDA KLAMATHIANA (Walsingham)
PLATE 25, Ficure 151; Puate 41, Figure 234
Depressaria klamathiana WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 314,
pl. 36, fig. 4—-Ritgy, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America,
No. 5267, 1891.—Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 740, 1902; in Dyar,
U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5868, 1903.—KeEarrotr, in Smith, List of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6411, 1903.—Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 27, p. 762, 1904—Dyar, Proce. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 934, 1904.—
ANDERSON, Catalogue of British Columbia Lepidoptera, No. 1091, 1904—
Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 176, 1922,—-GAgEDE, in
Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 328, 1939.
Agonopteryx klamathiana (Walsingham) Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35,
p. 198, 1908.
_ Agonopteriz klamathiana (Walsingham) McDunnouaH, Check list of the Lepi-
doptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidop-
tera), No. 8485, 1939.
Agnopteryx klamathiana (Walsingham) BARNES and McDunnovueH, Check list
of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6441, 1917.
Depressaria ciniflonella WALSINGHAM (not Zeller), Ins. Life, vol. 1, p. 256, 1889.—
Ritey, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5259, 1891.—
Busck (not Zeller), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 740, 1802; in Dyar,
U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5869, 1903.—KerarrortT, in Smith, List of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6412, 1903.—ANpDERSON, Catalogue of
British Columbia Lepidoptera, No. 1092, 1904.—Meryrick, in Wytsman, Genera
insectorum, fase. 180, p. 176, 1922 (part).—Gaerpr, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum
catalogus, pt. 92, p. 314, 1939.
Agonoptery ciniflonella Busck (not Zeller), Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 198,
1908.
Agnopteryx ciniflonella BARNES and McDunnovucH (not Zeller), Check list of
the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6440, 1917.
Agonopteria ciniflonella McDuNNouUGH (not Zeller), Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8436, 1939.
Labial palpus gray; second segment strongly mixed with reddish
fuscous; third segment with a broad, fuscous annulus before apex.
Antenna reddish gray. Thorax, base of fore wing, and costa to about
middle sordid whitish; anterior part of thorax suffused with reddish
fuscous; ground color of fore wing reddish gray strongly suffused with
reddish fuscous; at basal third two obliquely placed black discal dashes
of raised scales followed by white or grayish scales; beyond this light
patch a fuscous shade; at the end of cell a white discal spot margined
by blackish fuscous; around termen a series of fuscous dots; cilia dull
reddish with a narrow, fuscous median band; under side of costa nar-
rowly edged with carmine. Hind wing grayish fuscous; cilia light
fuscous with a rosy tinge and a fuscous basal band. Legs grayish
overlaid with fuscous and strongly suffused with carmine. Abdomen
grayish fuscous above; beneath sordid whitish with a broken, black
lateral line on each side.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 143
Male genitalia.—Harpe with the apical and basal portion just below
costa clothed with coarse hairs; marginal hairs fine; sacculus heavily
sclerotized ; clasper divided; transverse arm straight, slender, arising
at or before middle of harpe and reaching to or slightly beyond costa;
at the base of the arm a sclerotized portion forming a short, sharp
thorn (in some specimens this is scarcely noticeable) ; the other arm
is short, sharply pointed and parallel to the sacculus; cucullus
rounded. Anellus a rectangular plate, deeply cleft on the posterior
edge; lateral lobes weak. Vinculum rounded. Aedeagus broad
dorsoventrally and compressed laterally. The dorsal edge is strongly
sclerotized ; both ends slightly enlarged; vesica with a spinulate patch
at middle. Transtilla a narrow sclerotized band; lateral lobes large,
not fused. Gnathos a spined oval knob. The gnathos varies slightly
in different specimens. Socii broad hairy flaps.
Female genitalia—Genital plate broad, with two narrow, raised
ridges posterior to ostium. Ostium small, round and situated at ex-
treme anterior edge of plate. Ductus bursae membranous, short, and
tapering into the bursa copulatrix. The latter is large, asymmetrical.
Signum an elongate-oval, sclerotized, scobinate plate, extending almost
the entire length of the bursa.
Alar expanse, 20-25 mm.
Type.—tin the British Museum.
Type locality —¥ ort Klamath, Oreg.
Food plant—Apple?
Distribution.—Western United States and Canada as far east as
Ontario.
United States Records
Montana: Ravalli County, 3 ¢ ¢, 2 (1-29-33, from magpie nests).
Oregon: Fort Klamath, 2 ¢ ¢ (I1X-20-71, Walsingham).
Washington: Bellingham, 2 (VIII-—22-26, J. F. G. Clarke) ; Logan Hill, Chehalis,
38 ¢¢,2 92 (II-16 to III-28-30, T. M. Clarke).
Canadian records
British Columbia: Duncan, @ (Apr. 1-7, Hanham) ; Fraser Mills, 9 (IX-5-20,
L. E. Marmont); Hazelton, 9 (IX, 14-21, W. B. Anderson) : Kalso, @
(1V-24-15, J. W. Cockle) ; Marron Lake, ¢ (Apr. 1924, C. B. Green) ; Quami-
chan Lake, Vancouver Island, 9 (IX-27-02); Vancouver, 2 (III-18-96,
Livingston) ; Victoria, 6 (I1V-18-17, E. H. Blackmore), ¢ (VIII-29-23, K. F.
Auden), 2 (III-10-23, W. R. Carter) ; Wellington, 3 63,6 992 (V-25-07,
April [3 specimens] ; 3 specimens, III-22-03, G. W. Taylor).
Ontario: Hymers, 2 ¢ 6 (no date or collector) ; Ottawa, ? (III-18-05, Cc. H.
Young).
Remarks —After studying 45 specimens and 29 wing and genitalia
slides, I am convinced that all the above material is referable to this
species. I admit that the series studied shows many minor superficial
differences existing between specimens. In genitalia, however, even
144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
though slight variations occur, there are no major differences and none
which would separate one group of specimens from another.
In addition, some specimens are more gray than others, having little
of the red scaling that is characteristic of the species; others possess a
white, rather than gray, head.
The European ciniflonella is a gray species with very narrow wings.
The costa is not strikingly lighter as in most specimens of klamathiana.
One or two North American specimens I have seen approach ciniflonella
very closely. The wing form appears to vary considerably due to the
differences in length of veins 2-9 of the fore wing. In some specimens
these veins are considerably longer than in others, and the fore wings
are correspondingly longer. It is possible that what I consider kla-
mathiana actually includes more than one species, or one in a state of
flux, but this entire group (Alamathiana, sciadopa, ciniflonella, and a
fourth unnamed) represents a very difficult complex of species. Only
careful rearing will determine the status of these.
MARTYRHILDA SCIEADOPA (Meyrick)
PLate 24, Figures 149, 149a; Prats 41, Ficure 236
Depressaria sciadopa MryricK, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 2, p. 315, 1920; in
Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 180, p. 176, 1922.—GArpr, in Bryk,
Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 348, 1939.
Agonopterix sciadopa (Meyrick) McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8434, 1939.
This species is like the foregoing, klamathiana, but lacks the red
or brown scaling of that species, is without carmine suffusion, and
averages smaller in size.
Labial palpus whitish gray; second segment irrorated and suffused
with grayish fuscous exteriorly; third segment with broad supra-
medial grayish-fuscous annulus. Antenna grayish fuscous above,
whitish gray beneath. Head, thorax, and ground color of fore wing
whitish gray. Head lightly irrorated with grayish fuscous. Thorax
strongly overlaid with grayish fuscous and irrorated with black, the
darker colors almost obscuring the lighter ground color. Fore wing
suffused with grayish fuscous and irrorated with black; extreme
base of wing and basal half of costa whitish gray strigulated with
grayish fuscous and with a small black spot near base slightly inside
the costal edge; beyond the light costal and basal areas a strong
blackish to grayish fuscous shade rapidly fading to the light ground
color slightly beyond basal third; a similar, but smaller, dark shade
at middle of wing; at basal third a pair of small black discal spots,
one above the other, followed by white scales; sometimes these two
spots are confluent, forming a short, outwardly oblique black dash; at
the end of cell a small white spot edged with black; at apical fourth a
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 145
narrow, faint, outwardly curved grayish-fuscous shade; along costa
and around termen a series of small black spots; cilia whitish gray ir-
rorated with grayish fuscous. Hind wing whitish gray basally, gray-
ish fuscous apically; cilia whitish gray with a grayish-fuscous
subbasal band. Legs whitish gray overlaid and suffused with grayish
fuscous except at joints. Abdomen whitish gray suffused with gray-
ish fuscous above and with a poorly defined row of black spots on
each side beneath.
Male genitalia—Harpe rather heavily sclerotized except for the
cucullus and a small area about the middle; cucullus and the sclero-
tized costal area moderately clothed with fine hairs (the cucullus of
one male is considerably rounded while those of four other males are
somewhat pointed) ; clasper strongly sclerotized; the free transverse
arm originating about the middle of the harpe; longitudinal arm
short, sharply pointed; sacculus heavily sclerotized. Anellus a narrow
concave plate forming a trough on which the aedeagus articulates;
lateral lobes weak. Vinculum rounded. Aedeagus stout, slightly
curved, very much compressed, rather broad dorsoventrally, constricted
at about the middle; dorsal edge heavily sclerotized; vesica armed
with a patch of very small cornuti. Transtilla a narrow sclerotized
band with well-developed lateral lobes. Gnathos an oval spined knob.
Socii fleshy lobes clothed with fine hairs. Apex of tegumen bluntly
pointed ; ventral edges with rather well developed outgrowths. Abdo-
men of male heavily sclerotized.
Female genitalia —Genital plate broad with the small round ostium
situated at the extreme anterior edge. Ductus bursae short, membra-
nous, stout, tapering into the large asymmetrical bursa copulatrix;
signum an elongate sclerotized plate with small thornlike projections
covering the surface.
Alar expanse, 15-19 mm.
Type.—tIn the British Museum.
Type locality—Field, British Columbia, Canada.
Distribution—Canada and northeastern United States.
United States records
New Hampshire: Jefferson, 2 992 (80-III-36, 21-X-1936, A. E. Brower).
New York: Oswegatchie, ¢, 2 992 (81-IJI-33, A. B. Klots).
Canadian records
Alberta: Edmonton, 2 ¢¢, 2 92 (IV-10-21, K. Bowman); 3 992 (IV-5 to
15-24, Owen Bryant) ; Red Deer, 7 6 ¢,1 2 (VI-1 to 16-23, K. Bowman).
Manitoba: Aweme, 1 ¢,5 2 2 (XI-9-05), ¢ (III-31-04), 2 (IX-29-20), 6, 9
(X—16-20), all collected by N. Criddle; Cartwright, ¢ (XI-23-05, E. F.
Heath) ; Winnipeg, ¢ (no date, A. W. Hanham).
Ontario: Ottawa, ¢ (X-17-07, C. H. Young).
Quebec: Chelsea, ¢ (1V—21-23, J. McDunnough).
286614—41——_8
146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Remarks.—This species, klamathiana, ciniflonella, and a few mis-
cellaneous unnamed specimens form a very complex group in which the
species are exceedingly difficult to separate. On genitalia it is difficult
to separate one from the other, only one specimen, an unnamed unique
female from the Moscow Mountains, Idaho, showing good specific
characters in the genitalia. The harpes of sciadopa are clothed with
seemingly finer hairs than those found in klamathiana or cinifilonella,
but this character, even though probably sufficient to distinguish
sciadopa from the others, fails in separating the latter two. The point
of origin of the transverse arm of the clasper and the comparative
lengths seem to be the safest characters for separating the males of
the two species. The length of the wings of ciniflonella is proportion-
ately greater than in klamathiana, but I am skeptical of the value of
this character. In some long reared series of other species both long-
and short-winged forms are found. In some specimens the lengthen-
ing of the wings seems to be retarded. The venation shows some vari-
ation in all species, thus eliminating venation as a means of specific
separation.
On pattern and size it is possible, with exceptions, to distinguish the
three; sciadopa may be separated from the other two by its much
smaller size, grayer appearance, and total absence of brown or red
scales. Under this name I place with some doubt the specimens listed
above. Meyrick’s description of sciadopa could actually fit any one of
two or three species before me, but because of the type locality and the
fact that Meyrick has placed sciadopa in the “ciniflonella group.” I
prefer to use his name instead of proposing another. An examination
of the type will be necessary to determine definitely what the name
really represents.
3. BIBARRAMBLA, new genus
PLATE 4, FicuREs 29, 30; PLATE 9, Ficures 65, 65a ; PLATE 18, FicuRE 109
Genotype.—Semioscopis allenella Walsingham, Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc., vol. 10, p. 174, 1882.
Similar to Agonopteriz but the second segment of the labial palpus
without. furrow; socii and uncus fused to form hood.
Head with appressed scales; side tufts spreading; antenna simple
in both sexes; basal segment short, with pecten. Labial palpus long,
recurved, second segment much longer than third, without furrow.
Thorax with two minute crests. Abdomen not flattened. Fore wing
with arched costa; scale tufts present; 12 veins; 2 and 3 stalked from
angle; 2 and 8, 4 and 5 closely approximate; 7 and 8 stalked, both to
costa; stalk of 7 and 8 approximate to 9; 11 from well before middle;
termen straight, oblique.
Hind wing as broad as fore wing; 8 veins; 3 and 4 connate; 6 and 7
subparallel.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 147
Male genitalia —With clasper. Anellus well developed, without
lateral processes. Uncus and socii fused. Gnathos a spined knob.
Female genitalia—Genital plate strongly sclerotized, signum
present. :
Remarks.—This genus is closely allied to Agonopteria.
BIBARRAMBLA ALLENELLA (Walsingham), new combination
Puate 4, Ficures 29, 30; PLats 9, Ficures 65, 65a; PLATe 18, Fiaurr 109
Semioscopis allenella WALSINGHAM, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 10, p. 174, 1882.—
Busck, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5894, 1908; Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 35, p. 201, 1908.—BaArnes and McDuNnNnouGH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6489, 1917—Meyrick, in Wytsman,
Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 186, 1922.—McDunnovueHu, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Micro-
lepidoptera), No. 8464, 1989-—-GarbE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus,
pt. 92, p. 369, 1939.
Agonopteryx allenella (Walsingham) Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat.
Memoir 68, p. 241, 1923; in Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 101,
p. 545, 1928.—Proctrer, Biological survey of the Mount Desert region: The
insect fauna, p. 273, 1938.
Labial palpus sordid whitish; second segment shaded with fuscous
on basal half and irrorated distally; slightly before apex a narrow,
incomplete, brownish-fuscous annulus; third segment with a spot an-
teriorly at base and a broad, supra-medial annulus brownish fuscous.
Antenna sordid whitish, narrowly annulated with fuscous; basal seg-
ment fuscous above. Head, thorax, and fore wing grayish white, suf-
fused and irrorated with fuscous; at basal third, in cell, two fuscous
discal spots (sometimes confluent) of raised scales followed by some
ochreous scaling and with a few scales of white mixed; at the end of
cell a black-edged white discal spot of raised scales followed by some
ochreous scaling; along costa, and around termen to inner margin, a
series of fuscous spots; costa narrowly edged with pink (this pink
tint is obscure in some specimens but is strongly continued through the
cilia in others) ; cilia sordid whitish with a broad, pale grayish-fuscous
subbasal band. Hind wing pale grayish fuscous, darker apically;
cilia sordid whitish with a broad, pale grayish fuscous subbasal band.
Legs sordid whitish suffused and annulated with fuscous except at
joints and on hind tibia, the latter with pale ochreous suffusion and a
faint pink tint. Abdomen pale ochreous suffused with fuscous above.
Male genitalia.—Harpe broad basally, tapering to the pointed cucul-
lus, hairy; sacculus broad, strongly sclerotized, clasper stout, dilated
distally, recurved. Anellus a large sclerotized plate, pointed an-
teriorly, slightly concave posteriorly and without lateral hairy lobes.
Aedeagus long, slender, narrowly S-shaped; basally, on ventral side
a small, flat protuberance; vesica armed with minute cornuti. Vin-
culum broad, rounded, with a well-developed dorsoanterior process.
148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Transtilla a narrow, weakly sclerotized band with small hairy lateral
lobes. Gnathos a spined, oval knob. Socii small, hairy, fused with
uncus to form a narrow hood.
Female genitalia—Genital plate narrow, produced anteriorly,
strongly sclerotized; anterior edge produced ventrally to form a small
shelf. Ostium small, elongate; on each side a shallow, narrow cavity.
Ductus bursae membranous, slender, gradually tapering into the large
bursa copulatrix; ductus seminalis opening just before ostium. Sig-
num a small, strongly sclerotized plate with two or three strong teeth.
Alar expanse, 19-22 mm.
Type.—tIn the British Museum.
Type locality—Maine (?).
Food plants.—Alnus sp.; oak; birch.
Distribution.—Northeastern United States and eastern Canada.
United States records
District of Columbia: Washington, ¢ (May 1902, A. Busck).
Maine: Kingsfield, ¢ (10-VII-1936, no collector) ; Rangeley, 2 (12—VII-1936,
V. H. dos Passos) ; Sebec Lake, 6, 2 29 (June and July; no collector) ;
Wales, 2 (21—VI-1907; no collector).
Maryland: Plummers Island, 3 ¢ ¢ (May and August 1908, 1919, A. Busck).
New Hampshire: Center Harbor, ¢ (July 27, 1902, H. G. Dyar) ; Dublin, 2 ¢ ¢
(no date; A. Buseck) ; Hampton, 9 (4-VII-1906, S. A. Shaw).
New Jersey: Essex County Park, ¢ (11—VI-1899, W. D. Kearfott).
New York: McLean, Rhinebeck, Lond Island, ete. (teste Forbes).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, 19 ¢¢,8 92 (May and June dates, 1901-1907,
H. D. Merrick).
Virginia: Upton, 2 (25-IV-1913, F. Johansen [Hopkins No. 9861d]).
Canadian records
Nova Scotia: Petite Riviere (July 11-18, 1935, J. McDunnough) ; 8S. Milford
(June 29, 30, 1984, J. McDunnough) ; White Point Beach (July 1934 and
Feb. 8, 1986 [indoor record?] J. McDunnough).
Ontario: Biscotasing (June 14-20, 1981, K. Schedl) ; Ottawa (June 3-24, 1906,
C. H. Young; July 19, 1926, C. H. Curran).
Quebec: Alcove (July 8, 1986, F. A. Urquhart); Brome (June 4, 1936, G. S.
Walley) ; Gracefield (June 16, 1987, O. Peck) ; Kazubazua (June 8, 1927, F. P.
Ide) ; Knowlton (Feb. 13, 1980 [indoor record?], J. McDunnough) ; Meach
Lake (July 20, C. H. Young) ; Mount Lyall (July 15, 16, 1933, W. J. Brown).
Remarks.—F¥orbes correctly removed allenella from Semioscopis, but
I do not agree with him in placing it in Agonopteriw. The genus is
close to Agonopteria, but the absence of the furrow or brush on the
labial palpus, absence of lateral lobes of the anellus, fused socii and
uncus in the male, and the unique signum of the female indicate that
this species is generically distinct.
The genotype is the only species I have seen referable to this genus.
REVISION OF THE OQECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 149
4. Genus SEMIOSCOPIS Hiibner
Prats 2, Figure 15; Puare 5, Ficure 35; Pirate 11, Fieures 73, 73a;
PLATE 16, F1cuRE 97
Semioscopis Hwtpner, Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge, p. 402, 1826.—
WALSINGHAM, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 10, p. 174, 1882.—Riry, in Smith,
List of Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 99, 100, 1891.—Dvyar, Can. Ent., vol.
34, p. 319-320, 1902—Busox, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull, 52, p. 523, 1903.—
Kearrort, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 114, 1903.—
Buscxk, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 85, p. 201, 1908.—Kearrott, in Smith,
Catalogue of the insects of New Jersey, p. 562, 1910.—Busck, Journ. Ent.
Zool., Claremont, vol. 5, p. 100, 1913.—Barnes and McDunNovuGH, Check list
of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 161, 1917—Meyrick, in Wytsman,
Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 186, 1922.—Forres, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp.
Stat., Memoir 68, p. 284-244, 1923. (Genotype: Phalaenae Tortri«z steinkell-
neriana Schiffermtiller, Systematisches Verzeichniss der Schmetterlinge der
Weiner Gegend, p. 130, 1776).—GarEbE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus,
pt. 92, p. 369, 1939.
Epigraphia STEPHENS, Catalogue of British insects, p. 304, 1872.—Grotn, North
Amer. Ent., vol. 1, p. 53, 1880.—WatsINcHAM, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol,
10, p. 174, 1882. BrUTENMULIER, in Smith, Catalogue of the insects of New
Jersey, p 805, 1890.—Dirtz, in Smith, Catalogue of the insects of New Jersey,
p. 473, 1900.—MEyRIck, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 185-186,
1922. (Genotype: Tinea avellanella Hiibner, Sammlung europiischer Schmet-
terlinge, No. 8, fig. 27, 1796.)
Head smooth, side tufts somewhat spreading. Tongue developed
but short. Antenna shortly ciliated in male, simple in female; basal
segment without pecten. Labial palpus moderately long, curved; sec-
ond segment with appressed scales which protrude at apex; terminal
segment much shorter than second, slender, acute.
Fore wing ample, elongate; 12 veins; 2 and 3 approximate, connate
or stalked, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa or apex, 11 from well before
middle.
Hind wing as broad as fore wing, ovate; 8 veins; 3 and 4 closely
approximate or connate.
Male genitalia—Harpe elongate; sacculus frequently produced.
Anellus with lateral processes that are sometimes reduced. Transtilla
membranous; lateral lobes usually slender, digitate but greatly re-
duced. Gnathosa spined, oval knob. Socii mainly indicated by hairs.
Female genitalia—Ductus bursae membranous or partially sclero-
tized ; signum present.
Remarks.—Meyrick ** separates E'pigraphia from Semioscopis on the
condition of veins 2 and 8 of the fore wing (stalked or separate), yet
he ignores this same character in the case of Agonopteria and Depres-
saria except to use it to divide Depressaria into two sections. In Semio-
scopis veins 2 and 3 are much more unstable than in Agonopterix and
Depressaria, indicating that Semdoscopis is in a state of flux and not
2 Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 185-186, 1922.
150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
yet clearly definable into two genera. I have examined several hun-
dred specimens and find that veins 2 and 3 of the fore wing vary from
remote to stalked in every species, frequently differing on the two sides
of aspecimen. The genitalia support the view that in the case of the
species of Semioscopis we are actually dealing with one genus. In
Agonopterix and Depressaria their separation is supported by geni-
talic evidence.
Busck ** recognized six species in this genus. Forbes *" later removed
allenellato Agonopteriz. For this species I have erected a new genus.
Two species, medunnoughi and braunae, are described as new in this
paper bringing to a total of seven the number of species for the genus.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SEMIOSCOPIS BASED ON
COLORATION
1. Fore wing with a dark, outwardly curved bar at end of cell________._-____-- 2
Fore wing without such bar at end of cell; ground color gray or
whitish, strongly irrorated with grayish fuscous and without
large, conspicuous dark spots or dashes__.__ inornata Walsingham (p. 155)
2. Diseal mark continued toward base as a straight or curved bar or
series Of shore Hines t= Uo ae a se a el gee a
Discal mark noticontinued, toward\bas@see eee. ea oe eee eee eee 3
8. Fore wing sordid whitish marked with small contrasting black
ITTOTATIONS Ss ee ee ee braunae, new species (p. 159)
Fore wing whitish gray marked with small black irrorations and
generally suffused with fuscous_______-__-_- megamicrella Dyar (p. 157)
4. Discal mark continued toward base as a strongly contrasted
GlInGe cast = Re ie Ue oe a ws Ba EB ta J ee 5
Discal mark not continued toward base as a curved bar____-__--------- 6
5. Discal bar reaching base of fore wing___-_--- packardella (Clemens) (p. 151)
Discal bar sharply terminated at basal third of fore wing.
merriccella Dyar (p. 153)
6. Second segment of labial palpus suffused with blackish on distal
half; third segment contrastingly marked black and white
aurorella Dyar (p. 160)
Second segment of labial palpus almost wholly blackish exteri-
orly; third segment weakly mottled black and white
medunnoughi, new species (p. 162)
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SEMIOSCOPIS BASED ON MALE
GENITALIA
1. Ventral margin of sacculus with prominent extension (figs. 137, 1388, ete.). 2
Ventral margin of sacculus without prominent extension (fig. 185) ------- 6
2. Extension of sacculus slender, simple, pointed (fig. 1387)
inornata Walsingham (p. 155)
Hxtensionvofysacculusiouhenwise. << = 2212 ee eae a ee Cpe ee 3
3. Extension’ of sacculus bifurcate (figs. 140) 14i))wee sees see 4
Extension of sacculus otherwise (ies: Locals 9) meee aes ae ce 5
2 Busck, A., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 201, 1908.
277 Forbes, W. T. M., Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 241, 1923.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE rik
4, Vesica with one or two slender cornuti (fig. 141) . merriccella Dyar (p. 153)
Vesica with cluster of slender cornuti (fig. 140)
packardella (Clemens) (p. 151)
5. Outer dorsal edge of sacculus evenly curved (fig. 138)
megamicrella Dyar (p. 157)
Outer dorsal edge of sacculus sharply angulate (fig. 139)
braunae, new species (p. 159)
6. Vesica armed with a stout, moderately short curved cornutus (fig.
Sa) eee ee tae es eee ey Se Se Le ae es aurorella Dyar (p. 160)
Vesica armed with a stout, long, straight cornutus (fig. 136)
medunnoughi, new species (p. 162)
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SEMIOSCOPIS BASED ON FEMALE
GENITALIA
1. Ductus bursae with a conspicuous, large sclerotized area (figs.
QoS PO OA AO) eather ew Cs so ew See ele CR Ee adress any ce BA tor Ld 2
Ductus bursae membranous or with a minute subtriangular
sclerotized area adjacent to ostium (figs. 225, 227, 228)__--__------- 4
2. Ductus bursae sclerotized adjacent to bursa copulatrix (fig. 223)
aurorella Dyar (p. 160)
Ductus bursae membranous adjacent to bursa copulatrix (figs. 224, 226)___ 3
3. Ostial opening as narrow as or narrower than portion of genital
plate posterior to it; loop of ductus bursae sclerotized for less
than halfiats Jength (fig. 224)22-2.-----2 22 braunae, new species (p. 159)
Ostial opening wider than portion of genital plate posterior to it;
loop of ductus bursae sclerotized for more than half of its length
(Git 226):1 Series. teed eal ely weld megamicrella Dyar (p. 157)
4. Ovipositor lobes armed with hooked macrosetae (fig. 225)
inornata Walsingham (p. 155)
Ovipositor lobes without hooked macrosetae_.....--------------------- 5
5. Bursa copulatrix elongate, definitely asymmetrical; signum
minute, in posterior part of bursa (fig. 228a)_ packardella (Clemens) (p. 151)
Bursa copulatrix oval, not definitely asymmetrical; signum small,
about middle of bursa copulatrix (fig. 227)____- merriccella Dyar (p. 153)
SEMIOSCOPIS PACKARDELLA (Clemens)
PLATE 23, Fiaure 140, 140a; PLare 40, Ficures 228, 228a
Enicostoma packardella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 2, p. 125,
1868 ; in Stainton, The Tineina of North America, p. 231, 1872.—Busok, Proc.
Ent. Soe. Washington, vol. 5, p. 214, 1903.
Semioscopis packardella (Clemens) Dyar, Can. Ent., vol. 34, p. 319, 1902.—
Busck, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 52, No. 5893, 1903; Proc. Ent. Soc.
Washington, vol. 5, p. 214, 1903.—Kerarrott, in Smith, Check List of the Lepi-
doptera of Boreal America, No. 6436, 1903.—Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 35, p. 201, 1908.—Barnes and McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidop-
tera of Boreal America, No. 6484, 1917.—Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp.
Stat. Memoir 68, p. 244, 1928; in Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat.
Memoir 101, p. 546, 1928.
Epigraphia packardella (Clemens) WALSINGHAM, Trans. Amer, Int. Soc. Phila-
delphia, vol. 10, p. 174, 1882.—Mryricr, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc.
180, p. 186, 1922.—McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada
te? PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8459, 1939
[cited as synonym of Epigraphia steinkellneriana (Schiffermiiller) ].
Epigraphia eruditella Grote, North Amer. Ent., vol. 1, p. 58, pl. 5, fig. 12, 1880.—
MEYRICK, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 186, 1922—Mc-
DunnouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of
America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8459, 1939 [cited as synonym of
BHpigraphia steinkellneriana (Schiffermiiller) ].
Labial palpus sordid white; second segment overlaid with blackish
fuscous exteriorly, except at base and apex, and lightly suffused with
pink; third segment with a small black spot at base anteriorly and a
broad, black subapical annulus. Antenna light fuscous, narrowly an-
nulated with gray. Head with the scales light brown, tipped with
white and appearing gray. Thorax gray suffused with brown ante-
riorly and with a faint carmine tint. Fore wing light shining gray
marked with numerous faint, short transverse strigulae; at the end of
cell an outwardly curved transverse black bar continued as a longitudi-
nal curved black line to extreme base of costa; between the bar at the
end of the cell and the costa two longitudinal brown-edged black
dashes (sometimes fused) followed on costa by a small, indistinct light
brown shade; costa marked with poorly defined, light-brown spots
and dashes and narrowly edged with pink to slightly beyond middle;
around termen to inner margin a series of small black spots; cilia
pale gray with a light-brown suffusion outwardly. Hind wing pale,
shining gray, darker apically; cilia paler, with narrow light brown
bands. Legs pale ochreous-white overlaid exteriorly, except joints
and hind tibiae, with blackish fuscous; pale areas with a faint pink
tint. Abdomen sordid ochreous with a slight fuscous suffusion
beneath.
Male genitalia—Very similar to merriccella, differing primarily in
characters of the aedeagus.
Harpe long, rather narrow, slightly wider before cucullus; costa and
cucullus sclerotized, area between membranous; cucullus narrow,
rounded; sacculus produced to form a large forked process. Anellus
long, strongly curved posteriorly to form a semicylinder; basolateral
lobes reduced to slight swellings, chiefly indicated by hairs. Aedeagus
long, sharply curved, pointed; vesica armed with an elongate patch
of small straight cornuti. Vinculum rounded. Lobes of transtilla
long, digitate, hairy, fused with anellus at base. Tegumen rounded.
Socii reduced to small hairy lobes.
Female genitalia—Much as in merriccella but differmg by the
longer bursa and minute signum. Genital plate narrow, broadened
at middle to form the cup-shaped ostium. Ductus bursae a long,
slender, convoluted tube with a small, subtriangular sclerotized area
near ostium; inception of ductus seminalis at the sclerotized part.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 153
Bursa copulatrix large, definitely asymmetrical, elongate; signum a
minute toothed plate in posterior end of bursa.
Alar expanse, 21-28 mm.
Type.—In the Acadamy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Type locality —Not stated; probably Massachusetts.
Food plant—Unknown.
Distribution —Northeastern United States and eastern Canada.
United States records
Maine: Bar Harbor, ¢ (2-V-1936, A. E. Brower).
Michigan: No specific locality, ¢, 2 (male without date; 9, 14-V-1885,
Gillette).
New Jersey: Montclair, 4, 2 (18-V-1900, 1-V-1899, W. D. Kearfott).
Wew York: Ithaca, Big Indian Valley, Albany (acc. Forbes).
Ohio: Cincinnati, 2 ¢ 6, 9 (18-I1V-1911, A. F. Braun).
Pennsylvania: Franconia, Montgomery County, 2 (no date or collector) ; New
Brighton, 36 6, 322 (April 1902-1908, H. D. Merrick); Oak Station,
Allegheny County, 7646, 522 (April and May dates, 1902-1915, Fred
Marloff).
Canadian records
Manitoba: Cartwright, 2 (no date; E. F. Heath).
Quebec: Burbridge (May 25, 1937, F. A. Urquhart) ; Meach Lake (April 27, 1899,
C. H. Young).
Remarks—This species will probably be found throughout the
midwestern United States and Canada as far west as British
Columbia.
SEMIOSCOPIS MERRICCELLA Dyar
PLATE 23, Figure 141; PLATE 40, FIcURE 227
Semioscopis merriccella Dyar, Can. HEnt., vol. 34, p. 319, 1902.—KEARFoTT, in
Smith, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6487, 1903.—-
Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 201, 1908.— Barnes and McDun-
NouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6485, 1917.—
Forves, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 68, p. 224, 1928; in Leonard,
Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 101, p. 546, 1928.
Epigraphia merrickella Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 180,
p. 186, 1922.—McDunnouacu, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and
the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8459, 1939
[amended spelling for S. merriccella Dyar and cited as synonym of
Epigraphia steinkellneriana (Schiffermiiller) ].
Labial palpus white; second segment suffused with blackish fuscous
exteriorly; third segment with a fuscous spot at base anteriorly and a
broad black subapical annulus. Antenna with basal segment blackish
fuscous; remainder light fuscous, narrowly and indistinctly annulated
with gray. Head and thorax gray, the latter rather strongly suffused
with fuscous. Fore wing light, shining gray lightly shaded and
strigulated with brown; costa, from base to middle of wing, lighter ;
at the end of cell an outwardly curved blackish-fuscous bar followed
154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
by a rapidly fading and spreading brownish shade; between the discal
bar and costa a short, poorly defined blackish-fuscous bar followed by
a blackish-fuscous spot before apex; before the discal bar, in cell, a
conspicuous, broad, curved, longitudinal, blackish-fuscous bar, which
does not reach base of wing but is preceded by a similarly colored
narrow dash and one or two spots from base of wing at costa; from
apex, around termen, a series of blackish-fuscous spots; cilia pale
gray lightly suffused with brown. Hind wing shining gray with a
fine terminal brown line; cilia lighter, shining, with narrow subbasal
and two subterminal, faint brown bands. Legs shining creamy white
strongly overlaid with blackish fuscous except at joints and on hind
tibiae. Abdomen sordid ochreous, faintly suffused with fuscous
beneath.
Male genitalia—Harpe long, narrow, slightly wider before cucul-
lus; clasper absent, sacculus produced as a forked process; cucullus
narrow, bluntly pointed; costa and sacculus sclerotized, with area
between them membranous. Anellus a broad plate produced pos-
teriorly as a semicylinder; basolateral lobes indicated by a few hairs.
Aedeagus long, slender, curved, terminating in a slender, curved
point; vesica armed with two, long, slender cornuti, one about half
the length of the other. Vinculum rounded. Lobes of transtilla long,
digitate, hairy, and fused with anellus at base. Tegumen rounded.
Socii mainly indicated by a few hairs.
Female genitalia—Genital plate narrow. Ostium cup-shaped.
Ductus bursae a long convoluted tube with a small subtriangular
sclerotized area near ostium; inception of ductus seminalis just before
ostium. Bursa copulatrix large, oval; signum a small toothed plate
about middle of bursa copulatrix.
Alar expanse, 24-31 mm.
Type.—tIn the United States National Museum.
Type locality—New Brighton, Pa.
Food plant—Unknown.
Distribution.—Northeastern United States and Canada to western
British Columbia.
United States records
Maine: Bar Harbor, Q (13—V-1937, A. E. Brower).
New Hampshire: Hampton, 9 (1-IV-1907, 8. A. Shaw).
New York: Big Indian Valley, Albany (acc. Forbes).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, 12 ¢¢, 4 22 (March and April dates, 1902-
1904, H. D. Merrick).
Canadian records
British Columbia: Salmon Arm, ¢ (16—-V-1922, W. R. Buckell).
Manitoba: Aweme, 2 (15-V-1905, N. Criddle) ; Cartwright, ¢ (no date, EH. F.
Heath).
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 55
Remarks.—This species is very much like packardella but may be
distinguished from it by the broken discal bar, its more striate
appearance, and usually larger size. The genitalia of the two species
are strikingly similar, but they can be distinguished by the characters
given in the keys.
The single male from British Columbia is worn but undoubtedly
belongs to this species. The distribution of the species indicates this
specimen might be mislabeled or only a stray although further col-
lecting may reveal that the species is well established in the far West.
SEMIOSCOPIS INORNATA Walsingham
Prats 22, Figures 187, 187a; PLate 40, FicurEe 225
Semioscopis inornata WatsINGHAM, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 10, p. 174,
1882.—Dvyar, Can. Ent., vol. 34, p. 320, 1902.—Busck, in Dyar, U. S. Nat.
Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5895, 1903.—KEArrFott, in Smith, Check list of the Lepidop-
tera of Boreal America, No. 6440, 1903.—Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 35, p. 201, 1908.—Barnes and McDunnoucH, Check list of the Lepidop-
tera of Boreal America, No. 6488, 1917—Meryrick, in Wytsman, Genera
insectorum, fase. 180, p. 186, 1922.—Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat.
Memoir 68, p. 244, 1923; in Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat.
Memoir 101, p. 546, 1928—McDunnoucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8460, 19389.—GaEDE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 372, 1939.
Semioscopis inornatella Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 201, 1908.
Labial palpus white; second segment black externally, especially in
distal half except extreme apex; third segment with a subbasal spot
and a subapical annulus black. Antenna blackish fuscous and
broadly annulated with white on basal third, the color fading to a
light yellowish fuscous, and the annulations disappearing, apically.
Head and thorax sordid white suffused and clouded with grayish
fuscous. Fore wing sordid white, profusely irrorated and suffused
with grayish fuscous; outer discal mark reduced to two indistinct
grayish-fuscous spots edged with whitish scales; at basal third two
blackish-fuscous spots, one above the other; costa spotted with gray-
ish fuscous especially before apex; around termen a series of poorly
defined blackish-fuscous spots; cilia sordid white with basal and nar-
row subterminal bands light grayish fuscous. Hind wing shining
grayish fuscous, cilia sordid white with subbasal and narrow subter-
minal bands light grayish fuscous. Fore and middle legs sordid white
strongly overlaid with blackish fuscous except at joints; posterior
leg pale ochreous-white; femur and tarsus suffused with fuscous.
Abdomen dull ochreous above, whitish ochreous beneath with a poorly
defined fuscous line on each side.
Male genitalia—Harpe broad basally, narrowed beyond the ventral
extension of the sacculus, sacculus moderately and narrowly sclero-
156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
tized and produced as a long bluntly pointed process; cucullus nar-
row, rounded; clasper absent. Anellus an elongate sclerotized plate,
convex laterally beyond middle and basolaterally produced to form
small, hairy lobes; posterior edge deeply and broadly V-shaped.
Aedeagus stout, long, twisted, terminating in a blunt point; vesica
armed with a single, stout, forked cornutus. Vinculum rounded.
Lobes of transtilla rather thick, clothed with thick, short hairs apic-
ally and fused to harpe. Tegumen rounded. Socii poorly developed,
moderately hairy lobes.
Female genitalia—Lobes of ovipostor with conspicuous, hooked
macrosetae. Genital plate narrow, especially so at ostium where the
sclerotized portion is no more than the narrow anterior edge of the
ostium. Ductus bursae a long convoluted membranous tube; in-
ception of ductus seminalis well before ostium. Bursa copulatrix
large, oval; signum a small toothed plate.
Alar expanse, 25-35 mm.
Type.—tIn the United States National Museum.
Type locality—Orono, Maine?.
Food plant.—Unknown.
Distribution.—Northeastern United States, Canada, west to British
Columbia and Alaska. The species probably will be found in some
of the Northwestern States.
United States and Alaskan records
Alaska: Rampart, 6 6 ¢ (no date or collector).
Illinois: Putnam County, ¢ (8-VI-1936, Murray O. Glenn).
Maine: Orono, 3 6 ¢ (April; no collector).
New Jersey: Essex County Park, ¢, 92 (29-III-1905, 15-V-i906, W. D.
Kearfott).
New York: Ithaca, Karner (ace. Forbes).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, ¢ (25-IV-1908, H. D. Merrick).
Canadian records
Alberta: Calgary (April 24, 1908, F. H. Wolley-Dod); Edmonton, 5 ¢¢@
(25-IV-1924, R. Aitcheson ; IV—26-29-1924, Owen Bryant; 19-IV—28-IV-1921,
no collector) ; Red Deer, ¢ (18—-IV-1903, no collector).
British Columbia: Victoria, 3 ¢ ¢ (29-III-1920, T-IV-1922, W. Downes).
Manitoba: Aweme, 7 66,2 92 (April 3 to May 2, 1904-1905, N. Criddle; also
April 14 to May 12, 1920-1924) ; Cartwright, 8 ¢¢ (3 $ ¢-11-13-IV-1913,
no collector; 5 ¢ 6, 7T-IV-1905, E. F. Heath); Miniota, 92 (18-IV-1903, no
collector).
Ontario: Bells Corners (25-1V—1937, G. S. Walley); Biscotasing (16-V-1931,
K. Schedl) ; Constance Bay (26-I1V-1935, J. McDunnough) ; Ingersoll (1-V—
1934, G. S. Walley) ; Merivale (2-V-1934, W. J. Brown; 1—V-1936, G. S.
Walley) ; Ottawa, (21-IV-1906, C. H. Young; 18-IV-1927, G. S. Walley) ;
Port Hope (H. Bowers) ; Toronto (no date or collector).
Quebec: Aylmer (3-V-1928, C. H. Curran); Wright (19-V-1932, J. McDun-
nough).
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 157
Remarks.—The British Columbia specimens, although larger and
more contrastingly marked, are otherwise indistinguishable from the
average specimens.
Walsingham did not state the type locality when he described the
species, but it is presumably Orono, Maine; several specimens before
me with serial numbers corresponding to that of the type bear that
locality label. The type label bears an “O” (=Orono?) in Walsing-
ham’s handwriting.
The hooked macrosetae of this species are found on the European
strigulana also. These and other similarities lead me to believe that
inornata is only a race of strigulana. For the time being, however,
I am retaining énornata as a distinct species.
SEMIOSCOPIS MEGAMICRELLA Dyar
PLATE 23, FicurEes 188, 138a; PLatm 40, Ficure 226
Semioscopis megamicrella Dyar, Can. Ent., vol. 34, p. 320, 1902.—Krarrort, in
Smith, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6459, 1903.—
Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 85, p. 201, 1908—Barnes and Mc-
DunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6487, 1917.—
Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 180, p. 186, 1922——Forpgs,
Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 244, 1923; in Leonard, Cornell
Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 101, p. 546, 1928—McDunnovueu, Check list
of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2,
Microlepidoptera), No. 8461, 1989.—GarprE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum cata-
logus, pt. 92, p. 372, 19389.
Labial palpus white; second segment blackish fuscous in apical
two-thirds except for a narrow longitudinal area inwardly; third seg-
ment with a minute subbasal spot anteriorly and subapical annulus
blackish fuscous. Antenna with basal segment blackish fuscous
above, whitish beneath; remainder light fuscous, narrowly and in-
distinctly annulated with grayish fuscous. Head, thorax, and ground
color of fore wing whitish gray irrorated with black and brown scales
and lightly shaded with fuscous; at the end of cell a blackish-fuscous,
outwardly curved, crescentic bar (sometimes inconspicuous or broken
into a series of dots) preceded by some white scaling; at basal third
a pair of superposed blackish-fuscous dots; in some specimens a longi-
tudinal dash of the same color; costa narrowly edged with pink (this
absent in some specimens) and spotted with blackish scales; a sub-
marginal and terminal row of blackish-fuscous spots, the former usu-
ally poorly defined; cilia ight gray, with pale fuscous subbasal and
apical bands. Hind wing shining pale grayish fuscous, cilia some-
what lighter, with pale fuscous subbasal and apical bands. Legs
sordid whitish overlaid with blackish fuscous except at joints and
on hind tibiae. Abdomen light fuscous.
158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Male genitalia—Harpe short, broad, sacculus produced as a broad
truncate sclerotized process, cucullus bluntly pointed; clasper a small
tooth about middle of harpe. Anellus a broad oval plate narrowly
produced posteriorly, basolateral lobes small, sparsely hairy.
Aedeagus long, slender, curved and terminating in a long, slender,
curved point; vesica armed with a slender, curved cornutus. Vinculum
narrowly rounded. Lobes of transtilla short, broad, hairy, and closely
attached to the harpe. Tegumen rounded. Socii moderately well
developed hairy lobes.
Female genitalia—Genital plate moderately broad at ostium, nar-
rower laterally. Ostium broad with a strongly sclerotized anterior
edge. Ductus bursae convoluted, the loop of the ductus sclerotized
for more than half its length; ostium preceded by a broadly dilated,
sclerotized part of ductus bursae; before this a narrow membranous
band, anterior to which is a longer sclerotized portion of the ductus
bursae; inception of ductus seminalis at the dorsoposterior edge of the
latter sclerotized part. Bursa copulatrix large oval with a moderately
large toothed signum.
Alar expanse, 16-27 mm.
Type.—In the United States National Museum.
Type locality—New Brighton, Pa.
Food plant—Unknown.
Distribution.—Northeastern United States and Canada westward to
Idaho and Alberta.
United States records
Idaho: Wallace, ¢ (17-IV-23, Otto Huelleman).
Massachusetts: Forest Hills, ¢ (25-III-1930, no collector); Newton, ¢
(25-IV-1909, William Reiff); Winchendon, ¢ (12-IV—1902, no collector).
New York: Ithaca, Long Island (ace. Forbes).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, 72 64, 15 22 (March 1902-1907, H. D. Mer-
rick) ; Oak Station, Allegheny County, ¢, Q (4-IV-—1909, 23-III—1907, Fred
Marloff).
Canadian records
Alberta: Edmonton, ¢, 2 (2-V-1924, Owen Bryant).
Quebec: Aylmer, $ (9-V—1932, W. J. Brown); Meach Lake (April 28, 1903,
C. H. Young).
Remarks.—In this species there is unusually great variation in the
size of the specimens. This variation is not associated with sex or
locality.
The Idaho and Alberta specimens are considerably darker than
the types, but I can find no other external differences, and the genitalia
are identical.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 159
SEMIOSCOPIS BRAUNAE, new species
PLATE 23, FicurEes 139, 189a; Puate 40, Figure 224
Semioscopis megamicrella Forses (not Dyar), in part, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp.
Stat. Memoir 68, p. 244, 1923.
Labial palpus white, second segment suffused with blackish fuscous
except for a narrow line inwardly and at tip; third segment with sub-
basal spot anteriorly and a subterminal annulus black. Antenna
fuscous, spotted with white above on basal fourth. Head, thorax,
and ground color of fore wing white; the head sordid, thorax strongly
infused with grayish brown and with posterodorsal crests blackish
fuscous, and the fore wing irrorated with blackish fuscous and black;
at the end of cell an outwardly curved crescentic discal bar and at
basal third two spots, one above the other, black; along costa and around
termen a series of blackish-fuscous spots; before apex, subcostally, one
or two conspicuous black spots; cilia pale grayish white, with light
brown subbasal and subterminal bands. Hind wing shining grayish
fuscous, with a narrow fuscous terminal line; cilia pale grayish white,
with light fuscous basal band and pale brownish terminal suffusicn.
Legs light creamy white strongly suffused and overlaid with blackish
fuscous except at joints and on hind tibiae. Abdomen pale shining
ochreous-fuscous, suffused with fuscous beneath.
Male genitalia—Harpe broad, short; cucullus long, narrowly
rounded; sacculus narrow basally and with a broad, strongly sclero-
tized expansion distally; outer dorsal margin angulate; clasper mi-
nute, pointed. Anellus a moderately small oval plate, somewhat nar-
rowed posteriorly; posterior edge convex; lateral lobes absent or indi-
cated by a few hairs. Aedeagus long, slender, narrowed at middle,
curved and terminating in a slender, curved point; vesica armed with a
single slender, pointed cornutus. Vinculum narrowly rounded.
Transtilla membranous; lateral lobes mainly indicated by a few
hairs. Tegumen rounded. Socii small fleshy lobes.
Female genitalia—Genital plate narrow, slightly broader posterior
to ostium. Ostium as narrow as or narrower than portion of genital
plate posterior to it, bordered anteriorly by a strongly sclerotized
and dilated portion of the ductus bursae. Ductus bursae membra-
nous except for less than half the length of a posterior loop, and the
dilated part before the ostium; inception of ductus seminalis at
anterior edge of dilated section. Bursa copulatrix large oval; sig-
num a moderately large, narrow, transverse, toothed plate about
middle of bursa.
Alar expanse, 22-26 mm.
Type—vU.S8. N. M. No. 53118.
160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Type locality—Cincinnati, Ohio.
Food plant.—Unknown.
Remarks.—Described from ¢ type and 5 2 paratypes all from the
type locality (March and April dates, 1904-1908, Dr. Annette F.
Braun). Paratypes in the Canadian National and Dr. A. F. Braun
collections.
This species is much like megamicrella but is lighter in color, lacks
the fuscous or brown suffusion, and is more contrastingly and more
sparsely marked than that species. In male genitalia it differs from
megamicrella in the stouter expansion and the angulate outer dorsal
margin of the sacculus. In the female the ostium is smaller as is
the posterior dilated portion of the ductus bursae adjacent to it.
The posterior loop of the ductus bursae is less strongly sclerotized.
This is the species placed under megamicrella by Forbes.
I take pleasure in naming this species after Dr. Annette F. Braun,
who collected the type series.
SEMIOSCOPIS AURORELLA Dyar
PratTe 22, Ficure 135, 135a; Puiate 40, Ficure 223
Semioscopis aurorella Dyar, Can. Ent., vol. 34, p. 319, 1902—KerarFoTr, in
Smith, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6438, 1903.—
Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 201, 1908—Barnes and
McDunnoucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6486,
1917.—Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 186, 1922.—
Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 244, 1928; in Leonard,
Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 101, p. 546, 1928—McDunnoucH,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America
(Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8463, 1989.—GaArpr, in Bryk, Lepidopter-
orum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 370, 1939.
Labial palpus white with a faint roseate tinge; second segment
overlaid with blackish fuscous exteriorly on distal half except at
apex; third segment with a black spot anteriorly above base and a
black subapical annulus. Antenna light fuscous, with poorly defined,
narrow, grayish annulations. Head and thorax gray, the former
more whitish and with some brown intermixed, the latter suffused
with fuscous and with fuscous posterior tufts. Fore wing shining
gray suffused with brown, with a roseate tinge and variously marked
with blackish fuscous; at the end of cell an outwardly curved
blackish-fuscous bar preceded by a whitish or light-gray patch; in
cell a pair of superposed dashes, sometimes fused to form an elongate
V-shaped mark; a short basal subcostal dash and a basal dash follow-
ing vein 1c to slightly beyond basal third, blackish fuscous; a sub-
terminal row of five more or less well defined dashes between the
veins and a series of spots from costa around termen, blackish
fuscous; cilia pale grayish fuscous, darker apically and with a
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—-CLARKE 161
roseate tinge. Hind wing shining grayish fuscous, darker toward
margin and with a fine fuscous terminal line; cilia pale grayish
fuscous, with subbasal and terminal bands fuscous. Legs yellowish
white heavily overlaid with blackish fuscous except at joints and on
hind tibiae. Abdomen light fuscous narrowly annulated with pale
yellowish fuscous at posterior ends of segments; anal tuft yellowish
fuscous.
Male genitalia—Harpe narrow, long; costa gently and evenly con-
eave; cucullus bluntly pointed; sacculus narrowly but strongly
sclerotized; clasper long, slender, curved inwardly, attaining or
slightly exceeding costa. Anellus a subrectangular plate with convex
lateral edges; posterior edge concave, basolateral lobes indicated by
a few hairs. Aedeagus stout, curved, moderately long, bluntly
pointed; vesica armed with a single stout, curved cornutus. Vincu-
lum broadly rounded. Transtilla indicated only by a weak mem-
brane; lateral lobes absent. Tegumen rounded. Socii moderately
well developed hairy lobes.
Female genitalia—Genital plate moderately broad, strongly sclero-
tized. Ostium large, oval, with a narrow, strongly sclerotized an-
terior edge. Ductus bursae membranous in posterior half, strongly
sclerotized, convoluted and broadened in anterior half; inception of
ductus seminalis well before ostium. Bursa copulatrix large, round;
signum a small toothed plate.
Alar expanse, 24-31 mm.
Type.—tn the United States National Museum.
Type locality—New Brighton, Pa.
Food plant.—Unknown.
Distribution —Northeastern United States and eastern Canada.
United States records
New York: Ithaca, Big Indian Valley (acc. Forbes).
Ohio: Cincinnati, 2 9 (27-III-1903, A. F. Braun).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, 20 $646, 16 92 (March and April dates, 1901-
1905, H. D. Merrick) ; Oak Station, Allegheny County, 9 ¢¢, 10 @¢
(March and April dates, 1908-1914, Fred Marloff).
Canadian records
Alberta: Red Deer, 4 6¢,2 92 (16-24 April, 1922-1928, K. Bowman).
Manitoba: Aweme, ¢ (3—-V—1924, N. Criddle) ; Cartwright, ¢ (no date, E. F.
Heath).
Ontario: Constance Bay, 2 99 (26-IV-1935, W. J. Brown; 26—-IV-1935,
J. McDunnough) ; Ottawa, 5 22 (26-IV-1909, 1-V-1906, C. H. Young).
Remarks—The specimens from Canada, which I have before me,
are considerably darker and, for the most part, are less conspicu-
ously marked than the specimens from the United States, owing to
286614419
162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
a strong brownish or fuscous suffusion which appears to be char-
acteristic of the northern specimens. The genitalia of the two forms
are identical. .
SEMIOSCOPIS MCDUNNOUGHI, new species
PLATE 22, FicurE 136
Semioscopis aurorella BLACKMORE (not Dyar), Rept. Prov. Mus. Nat. Hist.
British Columbia for 1921, p. 32, pl. 4, 1922.
Similar to aurorella but slightly broader winged, less distinctly
marked and with a longer, straight cornutus.
Labial palpus white with a carmine tinge; second segment
strongly overlaid with blackish fuscous exteriorly for its whole
length; third segment with poorly defined blackish-fuscous subbasal
spot and subapical annulus. Head whitish with some brown scales.
Thorax cinereous strongly infused with fuscous and with median
longitudinal streak and tufts blackish fuscous; tegula blackish fus-
cous, white-edged. Fore wing shining gray suffused with brown and
with a roseate tinge; discal bar, reduced to a poorly defined cres-
centic dash or a spot, a dash in cell, a basal dash following vein 1c,
and a basal shade, blackish fuscous; along costa and around termen
a well-defined series of blackish-fuscous spots; cilia light fuscous
with a median grayish band and a whitish pink-tinged terminal
line. Hind wing grayish fuscous, darker toward margins and with
a narrow fuscous terminal line; cilia pale yellowish fuscous with
basal and subterminal fuscous bands. Legs yellowish white strongly
overlaid with blackish fuscous except at joints and on hind tibiae
where the lighter ground color is carmine tinted. Abdomen
ochreous-fuscous lightly suffused with fuscous beneath.
Male genitalia—Harpe narrow, long; cucullus rounded; clasper
long, reaching almost or quite to costa, slightly curved, pointed;
sacculus narrow, strongly sclerotized. Anellus a broad, oval plate,
narrowed, produced, and curved posteriorly to form a semicylindrical
articulation for the aedeagus; lateral lobes absent or at most only
indicated by a few hairs. Aedeagus stout, moderately long; apex
flattened, rounded; vesica armed with a single long, stout, straight,
sharply pointed cornutus. Vinculum broadly rounded. Transtilla
membranous; lateral lobes vestigial, mainly indicated by a few hairs.
Tegumen bluntly pointed. Socii small hairy lobes.
Alar expanse, 28-29 mm.
Type—vU. S. N. M. No. 53117.
Type locality—Bellingham, Wash.
Food plant—Unknown.
Remarks.—Described from the ¢ type (Bellingham, Wash.,
14-ITI-19238, J. F. G. Clarke, No. 573) and 1 é paratype (Fraser
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 163
Mills, British Columbia, 14-IIT-1921, L. E. Marmont), the latter
in the Canadian National collection.
This species is much like awrorella and is the one reported by
Blackmore from British Columbia by that name. It can be dis-
tinguished from aurorella by the poorly defined markings of the
third segment and the blackish-fuscous shading of the second seg-
ment of the labial palpus, the absence or only faint indication of the
subterminal row of spots on the fore wing, the presence of a rather
strong basal blackish-fuscous suffusion and the long straight
cornutus.
There is another known specimen in the collection of the Uni-
versity of British Columbia, the one figured by Blackmore, from
Millardville, British Columbia.
I have seen no females certainly referable to this species. There
are before me, however, two females from southeastern Washington
that may belong here, although they are considerably smaller and
probably represent an undescribed species. Females must be ob-
tained from the coastal region before these two can be definitely
placed here or described as new.
5. Genus DEPRESSARIA Haworth
PLATE 2, Figure 11; PLATE 6, Ficure 48; PLATE 10, Ficures 68, 68a; PLATE 17,
Figure 102
Depressaria HawortH, Lepidoptera Britannica, p. 505, 1812—CHAMBrERS (in
part), Can. Ent., vol. 4, p. 91, 146-148, 1872.—WatstneHam, (in part),
Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1881, p. 311-819; Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 10,
p. 175, 1882.— BEUTENMULLER (in part), in Smith, Catalogue of the insects
of New Jersey, p. 855, 1890—RiLey (in part), in Smith, List of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 99, 1891.—DrietTz (in part), in Smith,
Catalogue of the insects of New Jersey, p. 474, 1900.—Busck (in part),
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 7381-749, 1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus.
Bull. 52, p. 520-522, 1903.—Kerarrort (in part), in Smith, List of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 114, 1908.—Busck (in part), Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 763-766, 1904—Dyar (in part), Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 27, p. 934, 1904.—ANpDERSOoN (in part), Catalogue of British
Columbia Lepidoptera, p. 54, 1904.—Buscx (in part), Proce, Ent. Soc.
Washington, vol. 9, p. 88-91, 1908.—Krarrotr, in Smith, Catalogue of the
insects of New Jersey, p. 561, 1910.—Barnes and McDunnoueH, Check list of
the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 161, 1917—Meyrick (in part), Ex-
otic Microlepidoptera, vol. 2, p. 223, 1918; p. 315, 1920; pp. 891-892, 1921;
p. 518, 1922; in Wytsman (in part), Genera insectorum, fasc. 180, pp. 169-
177, 1922.—Forpes, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 68, p. 241-243,
1923.—Pirrce, The genitalia of the tineid families of the Lepidoptera of
the British Islands, p. 33, 1985—McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
p. 78, 19389.—GarpE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 269, 1939.
(Genotype: Phalaena Tortrix heracliana Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10,
Pp. 582, No. 225, 1758.)
164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM von. 90
Siganorosigs WALLENGREN, Ent. Tidskr., vol. 2, p. 94, 1881. (Genotype: Phalaena
Tortriz heracliana Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 5382, No. 225, 1758.)
Head with appressed scales; tongue developed; antenna simple or
moderately ciliated; basal segment elongate, with pecten. Labial
palpus long, recurved; second segment reaching base of antenna, with
rough, projecting scales and furrowed beneath; terminal segment
shorter than, or rarely as long as, second, acute. Thorax smooth or
crested. Abdomen flattened.
Fore wing with 12 veins; 2 and 3 separate, 7 and 8 stalked; 7 to
costa or apex, 11 from middle.
Hind wing as broad as or broader than the fore wing; 8 veins, 3
and 4 connate or short stalked; 6 and 7 subparallel.
Male genitalia —Harpe with or without clasper and with or with-
out process from base of sacculus. Anellus a well sclerotized plate
without long lateral processes. Aedeagus stout with or without
cornuti. Gnathos an oval, spined knob. Socii well developed.
Female genitalia.—Genital plate strongly sclerotized ; ductus bursae
frequently sclerotized for a considerable portion of its length; signum
present (in all species seen) though frequently weak.
Larva.—Ninth abdominal segment with setae I and II well sep-
arated; seta VI not on the same pinaculum with IV and V, remote
from VII. Setal group VII bisetose or trisetose on first abdominal
segment, bisetose on seventh and eighth abdominal segments,** and
unisetose on ninth abdominal segment. Ocelli normal. Submentum
without pit.
Group A: Setal group VII on first abdominal segment bésetose.
heracliana
juliella
dracunculi
Grovr B: Setal group VII on first abdominal segment ¢risetose.
multifidae
leptotaeniae
angustati
Pupa—Pubescent. Prothoracic femora exposed. Labial palpi not
exposed. Cremaster absent.
Remarks.—The separation of Depressaria from Agonopteriz is dis-
cussed under the latter genus.
In this genus there are five distinct species groups. The first, con-
sisting of atrostrigella and dracunculi, and probably palousella (males
not known), is characterized by the process from the costa of the
harpe in the male and the broad, somewhat dilated sclerotized band
in the ductus bursae of the female. The second group consists of
28 Rarely unisetose on eighth segment and if so trisetose on first.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 165
juliella, eleanorae, heracliana, and cinereocostella with the European
nervosa. ‘These have a strong basal process from the sacculus and no
clasper in the male and an elongated, sclerotized section of the ductus
bursae posteriorly. We have two species in the third group, artemisi-
ella and alienella, in which the clasper is present but the basal process
of the sacculus is absent in the male and the ductus bursae is wholly
membranous. The fourth group, consisting of the togata-angustati-
multifidae complex, forms a perplexing assemblage of species charac-
terized by their similarity in coloration, by the peculiar spined proc-
ess from the base of the sacculus in the male, and by the frequently
present sclerites anterior to the genital plate in the female. The fifth
and final group is composed of three broad-winged forms, maculatella,
betulella, and grotella. In the males the divided clasper, extending
beyond the ventral margin of the harpe, and the spiraled ductus
bursae of the female are characteristic.
Although rather a large number of species have been reared, the
larvae of only six were available for study. By a comparison of the
larval characters it will be seen that the first two groups (Group A
under larvae) are closely similar. The fourth group (Group B under
larva) suggests generic separation, and I am inclined to believe that
this group does represent a distinct genus. Likewise I believe that
the fifth group should be given a separate generic designation, which
would be consistent with other generic separations in this paper.
Nevertheless I prefer to wait for the collection of more larvae before
making the separations which are suggested or before concluding that
the species all belong to one genus and merely represent species groups.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF DEPRESSARIA BASED ON
COLORATION
Tem bhoraxawiitelee ae: fn me wry ek. Ah alienella Busck (p. 180)
Seon chee cel WAG acacia hese dsee 2s 2. Sin Rea ee em a a LA A 2
Zumhore wine distinctly Teddisi. 2-2 Soe See Se i ee ee 3
ores wang ouhenwisete a +e =e te SEAR en Ea en Pe 5
3. Costa contrastingly lighter than ground color of fore wing
cinereocostella Clemens (p. 171)
Costa not contrastingly lighter than ground color of fore wing_______-- 4
4 Alar expanse 21 mm. or more..2_..-.--..-=.-.-- juliella 2» Busck (p. 176)
Alariexpanse 20 mm. or less.- 2-22-22) eleanorae, new species (p.178)
5. Ventral side of abdomen with two distinct rows of blackish spots
OTB CR bres ers ee Sere ecg res Mey te Mele At pda eT a 3 Si as a ee te a 6
Ventral side of abdomen without such spots or lines.___.__.__._____-_- 8
6» Hore wing with light discal spot at end of cell............-...-_=L..- 7
Fore wing without such spot___._____-__-_- heracliana (Linnaeus) (p. 178)
*0 T have examined over 150 specimens of juliella none of which measures as small as 20mm. The larger
specimens of eleanorae approach the smaller specimens of juliclia in size but nore has been found exceeding
20mm,
166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
7.
10.
Ube
12.
13.
14.
15.
Fore wing with distinct elongate blackish dash between two
diséal.epots2 223 ats he ee A a8 eg es ei grotella Robinson (p.
Fore wing without such dash... .....2..-..L-.--2 betulella Busck (p.
. Second segment of labia] palpus white irrorated with black and
FUSCOUS. 2285s see tere. oe MN Ck ae tye
Second segment of labial palpus otherwise___....._.....----2-._-L L222
. Third segment of palpus white with blackish-fuscous subbasal
annulus (andvapex l=. ss = stan see eee ee maculatella Busck (p.
‘Ehird sepmoeniyotherwise... 2 55s ce ee 2 ae
Third segment of palpus fuscous irrorated with whitish and
with whitish apexes. 2 oe ye mse yakimae, new species (p.
Third segment whitish with black basal and subapical annula-
tions See Ae. Se es Tekh er palousella, new species (p.
Fore wing blackish fuscous or brownish fuscous, at least always
Bore wing: grayish.or light brownish. .2.2- 2522 kek oe ee
80 The two species of this couplet cannot be separated on char-
acters of coloration; genitalia and food plant must be used.
Costa of fore wing with a distinct pinkish cast on underside;
Upper Sonoran or Arid Transition Zones.
whitmani, new species (p. 182); leptotaeniae Clarke (p. 184)
Costs. without such pink color. 2-22. eo tees eae ee eee
The two species of this couplet (angustati and multifidae) cannot
be separated by the use of superficial characters. Collected
specimens may be separated as follows:
(a) Hudsonian Zone, altitude about 6,000 feet, Cascade
Ranges ie os ey A ee angustati, new species (p.
(b) Upper Sonoran Zone to Arid Transition timbered Zone
in “intermountain”’ area; altitude 1,000 to 5,700 feet
multifidae Clarke (p.
Alar expanse 19 mm. or less_____-- artemisiae dracunculi Clarke (p.
Alar expanse'over 20 mmo 2282222 Stes er ee en ae eae
Fore wing with conspicuous blackish-fuscous streak in cell.
atrostrigella, new species (p.
Fore wing without conspicuous blackish-fuscous streak in cell.
artemisiella McDunnough (p.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF DEPRESSARIA BASED ON MALE
GENITALIA
. Harpe with process from base of sacculus (figs. 198-205)______-_---_--
Harpe without such process (figs. 191-197) __......._._--.---_.-..-22
. Costa with prominent process before cucullus (figs. 194, 197)_____-____-
Costa without such process (figs. 191-193; 195, 196)_____-________-_--
. Vesica armed with two or three straight terminal cornuti and a
cluster of stout curved ones near middle (fig. 194a).
192)
195)
9
11
194)
10
185)
171)
12
14
13
189)
187)
169)
15
168)
181)
mem wh ©
atrostrigella, new species (p. 168)
Vesica armed with a cluster of straight, strong cornuti about
middie (ig. 19fajpee = artemisiae dracunculi Clarke (p. 169)
%0 The species of this group are very difficult to separate and must be carefully examined for characters
under the microscope.
distinguish them.
A careful examination of characters coupled with data on habitat will serve to
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 167
4. Clasper slender, armed with small spines and never projecting
beyond ventral edge of harpe (figs. 195, 196)_--____-___--_--------- 5
Clasper broad, without spines and at least part of it extending
beyond ventral edge of harpe (figs. 191-193) _.--.-_-__-.-.--------- 6
5. Lateral edge of anellus strongly produced (fig. 196)
artemisiella McDunnough (p. 181)
Lateral edge of anellus not strongly produced (fig. 195)
alienella Busck (p. 180)
6. Transtilla roughly diamond-shaped (figs. 192b, 193b)__-__------_----- 7
Transtilla roughly rectangular (fig. 191b)____- maculatella Busck (p. 194)
7. Width of clasper half, or less than half width of harpe (fig. 1938)
betulella Busck (p. 195)
Width of clasper more than half width of harpe (fig. 192).
grotella Robinson (p. 192)
Baclasper present (figs 198-202) 222 Shee as De A Oe oa a eee 9
@lasperabsent! (figs? 203-205) 2et ee te eo ee eee 13
9. Aedeagus as long or longer than harpe (figs. 198a—200a)___..-____----- 10
Aedeagus much shorter than harpe (figs. 20la, 202a)_____..__-____--_-- 12
10. Anellus longer than wide; spines of basal process of sacculus
long, stout (ig: 199) 80. 365022 Se ee kt ey multifidae Clarke (p. 187)
Anellus much broader than long; spines of basal process of sac-
culustine slender? (igsMilOS8 3200) eee aee Sain NSS See ee eee ae ee ee 11
11. Posterior edge of anellus deeply cleft; transtillar lobes large,
broad; harpe short, broad (fig. 200)__--- whitmani, new species (p. 182)
Posterior edge of anellus not cleft; transtillar lobes large,
narrow, harpe narrow (fig. 198)___..--_-- angustati, new species (p. 189)
12. Basal process of sacculus curved toward cucullus; spines few,
large; clasper sharply angulate; transtillar lobes weak (fig. 201)
yakimae, new species (p. 185)
Basal process of sacculus transverse; spines numerous, rather
small; transtillar lobes strong (fig. 202) _____ leptotaeniae Clarke (p. 184)
13. Basal process of sacculus pointed (figs. 68, 205)_........_.-..-.-.---- 14
Basal process of sacculus not pointed (figs. 203, 204)______.___.--_---- 15
14. Costa of harpe deeply excavated before cucullus (fig. 68)
heracliana (Linnaeus) (p. 173)
Costa of harpe not excavated before cucullus (fig. 205).
cinereocostella Clemens (p. 171)
15. Basal process of sacculus armed with spines for most of its length
GeEZ 0S) ah ie Fae Oe Were a el ew tek eo juliella Busck (p. 176)
Basal process of sacculus armed with spines only at distal end
Ea eA) REE eee ke 3 een Babes By anh 9 eleanorae, new species (p. 178)
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF DEPRESSARIA BASED ON FEMALE
GENITALIA
1. Ductus bursae membranous (figs. 102, 275-278, 282)__-______________-_ 2
Ductus bursae at least partly sclerotized (figs. 279-281; 283-289)______ 7
ZemeDuctis, bursaeispiraled (fips. 275) oo= ees ek ee oe eS ie ps 3
Ductus bursse notiispiraled (figs, 1102).278, 282) 2 5
3. Ostium a longitudinal slit between raised edges (figs. 275, 277)_________ 4
Ostium nearly round, within triangular raised portion of genital
plate igs 276 ets ne noha ee pe AE SO) Sey betulella Busck (p. 195)
168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
4. Ostium considerably shorter than width of genital plate; genital
plate with a long row of hairs posteriorly (fig. 277) _grotella Robinson (p. 192)
Ostium as long as width of genital plate; posterior row of hairs
reduced to about half a dozen (fig. 275)_____ maculatella Busck (p. 194)
5. Ductus bursae bulbous before ostium (fig. 102) heracliana (Linnaeus) (p. 178)
Ductus bursae not bulbous at any point (figs. 278, 282)_.__._.__..----- 6
6. Anterior edge of ostium convex (fig. 278) _artemisiella McDunnough (p. 181)
Anterior edge of ostium cleft (fig. 282)_.___.____- alienella Busck (p. 180)
7. Ductus bursae sclerotized for at least two-thirds of its length
(os D71Q) ee ai Sas es hg Sa De ae eleanorae, new species (p. 178)
Ductus bursae otherwise (figs. 280, 281; 288-289)_______.____________- 8
8. Sclerotized portion of ductus bursae limited to a narrow band
(figs DEB \ DRAW Seog cpogies aE Bye ety ee of pec AE sky Sipnley a ee 9
Sclerotized portion of ductus bursae otherwise (figs. 196, 197, 285, 289)_ 10
9. Sclerotized portion of ductus bursae armed with small teeth
(fig h 26a yes a. Ne he ae oe 8 See ee palousella, new species (p. 171)
Sclerotized portion of ductus bursae unarmed (fig. 283)
artemisiae dracunculi Clarke (p. 169)
10. Sclerotized portion of ductus bursae strongly curved (figs. 286—288)-_-- 11
Sclerotized portion of ductus bursae straight or only slightly
curved) (igs j28042815 285.289) sauees oo aie ar Seno ee Cee 13
11. Genital plate with a pair of shallow, cupped sclerites on anterior
margin: (figs 28S\a! o-el i eae y e Pes teen Be multifidae Clarke (p. 187)
Genital plate without such sclerites (figs. 286, 287)_.___.__.____--------- 12
12. Genital plate abruptly narrowed laterally; ostium a narrow slit
(fig { 280) ie ee es eis ek ee angustati, new species (p. 189)
Genital plate of nearly equal width throughout, ostium trian-
ertbarrs (FGA) ss etl ep By oll fg hoe gts whitmani, new species (p. 182)
13. Signum in posterior part of bursa copulatrix (figs. 285, 289)_____------- 14
Signum in anterior part of bursa copulatrix (figs. 280, 281)__.___------- 15
14. Sclerotized ventral sclerites of genital plate equal to length of
sclerotized portion of ductus bursae (fig. 285)
yakimae, new species (p. 185)
Sclerotized ventral sclerites of genital plate shorter than length
of sclerotized portion of ductus bursae (fig. 289)
leptotaeniae Clarke (p. 184)
15. Ductus bursae sclerotized for less than half its length; a small
protuberance from the side of the sclerotized part (fig. 281)
cinereocostella Clemens (p. 171)
Ductus bursae sclerotized for about half its length and without
small protuberance from the sclerotized part (fig. 280)
juliella Busck (p. 176)
DEPRESSARIA ATROSTRIGELLA, new species
PLATE 35, Ficures 194, 194a
Labial palpus light ochreous-white; second segment suffused with
fuscous in the brush; third segment immaculate. Antenna light fus-
cous somewhat mottled basally with gray; basal segment gray be-
neath. Head, thorax, and fore wing ochreous-white. The whole
so strongly suffused with deep gray that the ground color is nearly
obliterated. Vertex and the head behind the antennae infuscated.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 169
Thorax lightly irrorated with fuscous. Inner angle of fore wing,
veins, a strong longitudinal dash in cell and a series of poorly defined
spots around termen, blackish fuscous. The veins are, for the most
part, weakly marked, but vein 1c is marked with blackish fuscous for
its entire length; cilia deep gray, tipped with ochreous-white. Hind
wing pale smoky gray; cilia lighter. Legs ochreous-white, the fore
and mid legs suffused with grayish fuscous exteriorly. Abdomen
pale grayish fuscous, faintly annulated with dull ochreous-white.
Male genitalia—Harpe moderately broad, clothed apically with
numerous stout, straight hairs; cucullus rounded; on costa, before
cucullus, a large flat process that terminates in a small hook; sacculus
moderately broad and sclerotized, without basal process; clasper a
minute papillate process about middle of harpe, with three or four
strong hairs from surface. Anellus a large subrectangular plate con-
stricted posteriorly; posterior edge truncate. Aedeagus rather long,
stout, tapering gradually to a slender, curved point; vesica armed with
two or three long straight cornuti and a cluster of short, stout, curved
ones about middle. Vinculum rounded with well developed dorsoan-
terior process. Transtilla a broad, sclerotized, curved band; lateral
lobes indicated chiefly by hairs and constituting the lateral extremities
of the transtilla proper. Socii long digitate hairy lobes. Tegumen
reduced, truncate.
Alar expanse, 21-24 mm.
Type.—tin the Canadian National Collection.
Type locality —Aweme, Manitoba.
Paratype.—U. 8S. N. M. No. 53299.
Food plant—Unknown.
Remarks.—Described from the ¢ type and 1 8 paratype, both
from the type locality (6-I-X-1928, N. Criddle).
The genitalia of this species are nearest to dracunculi but differ
from it chiefly by the cornuti and the transtilla. The figures of
the two will show these differences adequately. I have seen no
females of atrostrigella.
The paratype is not marked so contrastingly as the type male and
is the larger of the two specimens.
DEPRESSARIA ARTEMISIAE DRACUNCULI Clarke
PLATE 35, Fiagures 197, 197a; PLATE 48, FicuRE 283
Depressaria dracunculi CLARKE, Can. Ent., vol. 65, p. 90, pl. 5, 19383.—
McDunnoucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States
of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8395, 1939—GaArpE, in Bryk,
Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 282, 1939.
Labial palpus creamy white; second segment suffused and irrorated
in the brush with fuscous; third segment with subbasal and supra-
170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
medial annuli black, these sometimes poorly defined and almost
wholly replaced by the lighter ground color. Antenna fuscous with
grayish or white annulations. Head light fawn, the scales tipped
with sordid white. Thorax light fuscous, the scales tipped with
gray or white; anteriorly the fuscous is more pronounced. Fore
wing with costal third fuscous mixed with gray, remainder light to
dark fawn irrorated with fuscous and gray; toward apex the colors
merge and are indistinguishable; at base, in anal angle, a small
blackish-fuscous patch; in cell a series of three blackish-fuscous
spots, sometimes confluent, forming a single longitudinal dash; cilia
grayish fuscous with a broad, dark, subbasal band. Legs creamy
white, strongly overlaid with fuscous except at joints. Abdomen
silvery grayish above; creamy white beneath suffused with fuscous
laterally.
Male genitalia.—Harpe broad, with very few coarse hairs; cucullus
rounded, densely clothed with coarse, stiff hairs; before cucullus,
from costa, a prominent dull-pointed projection; clasper minute;
emitting a few long hairs; sacculus broadly folded and without basal
process. Anellus a moderately small sclerotized plate, constricted
at middle; anterior and posterior edges strongly convex. Vinculum
broad, rounded. Aedeagus long, slightly curved, terminating in a
long, attenuated point; vesica armed with a cluster of straight, strong
cornuti. Transtilla a very broad, sclerotized band with well-devel-
oped hairy lobes, the whole fused with the posterior portion of the
anellus. Socii small, narrow, hairy lobes.
Female genitalia —Genital plate moderately broad. Ostium large,
round, situated at the extreme anterior edge of the genital plate. A
narrow area of the ductus bursae, just posterior to the bursa copulatrix,
moderately sclerotized, unarmed; the remainder of the ductus mem-
branous; inception of the ductus seminalis about midway between
the sclerotized part of the ductus bursae and the ostium. Bursa copu-
latrix large with a very small signum in the anterior half.
Alar expanse, 12.5-19 mm.
Type.—tIn the United States National Museum.
Lype locality—Snake River, Whitman County, opposite Clarkston,
Wash.
Food plant.—Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh.
Distribution—Northwestern United States and southwestern
Canada.
United States records
Washington: Almota, Whitman County, 12 ¢ 6,12 92 (5-23-1V-34) ; Snake
River, Whitman County, opposite Clarkston, 5 ¢¢, 7 2@ (February to
May dates, 1931-82; the February and March dates are for specimens reared
in a greenhouse) ; Truax, Whitman County,7 ¢ ¢,10 9 2 (4-12-V-35). (All
these specimens were reared from larvae collected by the writer.)
REVISION OF THE OCECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE et
Canadian records
British Columbia: Vernon (2 ¢ ¢, 6-VI-1926; 9, 12-VII-1927, E. P. Venables).
DEPRESSARIA PALOUSELLA, new species
PLATE 48, Figure 284
A distinct, medium-sized moth resembling yakimae but smoother in
appearance.
Labial palpus with second segment shining white with much black
scaling exteriorly; the white scales show a faint pinkish iridescence ;
third segment white with black basal and subapical annulations. An-
tenna with basal segment blackish fuscous with a few whitish scales
mixed; remainder grayish with blackish-fuscous annulations. Head
light fuscous, the scales white tipped. Thorax, base of tegula, and
base of fore wing black. The posterior two-thirds of tegula, the costa
to middle of fore wing and the major portion of the thorax strongly
marked with cinereous. Ground color of fore wing a light brownish
fuscous, darker basally and faintly irrorated with cinereous; in the
cell a strongly marked, longitudinal black dash edged anteriorly with
cinereous; veins, especially 9, 10, and 11 strongly marked with black
and around termen a series of indistinct, blackish spots at ends of veins;
cilia light brownish fuscous. Hind wing light grayish-fuscous but
darker at extreme apex and around termen; cilia light brownish fus-
cous, darker basally. Legs blackish fuscous irrorated with white.
Abdomen grayish fuscous above, blackish fuscous with much white
scaling below.
Female genttalia.—Genital plate broad, moderately sclerotized, not
appreciably produced ventrally around ostium. Ostium oval, trans-
verse. Posterior fourth of ductus bursae broadly expanded with the
major portion of this section strongly sclerotized and armed with
small teeth; the remainder of the ductus is membranous. Inception
of ductus seminalis on the posterior margin of the sclerotized part
of the ductus bursae. Bursa copulatrix moderately large with a small
but well-defined signum.
Alar expanse, 19-20 mm.
Type and paratypes.—U.S.N.M. No. 52074.
Type locality —Pullman, Wash.
Remarks.—Described from the @ type (26-VI-30) and 1 ? para-
type (20-IX-30), both collected by the author.
DEPRESSARIA CINEREOCOSTELLA Clemens
PLATE 88, Figures 205, 205a; Pate 48, Figure 281
Depressaria cinereocostella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soe. Philadelphia, vol. 2, p.
422, 1864.—Ropinson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 9, p. 155, pl. 1,
fig. 6, 1869.—CLEeMENs, in Stainton, Tineina of North America, p. 245, 1872.—
172 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., vol. 4, p. 91, 1872; U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr.
Bull. 4, p. 138, 1878.—WaLsINcHAM, Ins. Life, vol. 1, p. 255, 1889.—RILEy, in
Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5258, 1891.—Busck,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 749, 1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus.
Bull. 52, No. 5891, 1903; Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 5, p. 217, 1903.—
KEARFOTT, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6434,
1903.—Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 200, 1908.—Barnes and Mc-
DunnovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6482,
1917.—Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 172, 1922.—
Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 68, p. 242, 1923.—McDun-
nNouGcH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of
America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8408, 1939.—GAEDE, in Bryk,
Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 278, 1939.
Depressaria clausella WALKER, List of the lepidopterous insects in the collec-
tions of the British Museum, vol. 29, p. 564, 1864.—WatsiIncHAM, Proce. Zool.
Soe. London, 1881, p. 312.—McDunnovucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8408, 19389 (cited as synonym of cinereocostella Clemens).
Labial palpus pale cinereous; second segment with submedial and
subterminal spots exteriorly blackish fuscous and with the brush
suffused with reddish; third segment with a dull blackish-fuscous
supramedial annulus. Antenna cinereous, narrowly annulated with
fuscous basally and suffused with reddish; beyond middle strongly
suffused with fuscous; extreme tip cinereous. Face, head, thorax, and
ground color of fore wing cinereous; collar fuscous; head and thorax
irrorated with fuscous and suffused with red, the thorax and tegula
especially so anteriorly. Fore wing, except costa, heavily overlaid
with dull brownish red, so much so that the wing appears red with a
contrasting light costa, suffused with blackish fuscous in basal half
and irrorated with black and cinereous scales; in fold and along veins
a series of longitudinal black dashes; extreme base of costa and anal
angle blackish fuscous; from middle of costa, around termen to inner
margin, a series of poorly defined blackish-fuscous spots; cilia fus-
cous suffused with red. Hind wing grayish fuscons, lighter basally ;
cilia pale fuscous, white tipped, with rosy tinge and with dark fuscous
subbasal and subterminal bands. Legs cinereous with dull blackish
irrorations and suffusion except at joints. Hind tibia with a dull
smoky streak exteriorly; outer pair of spurs dull black. Abdomen
cinereous with fuscous suffusion dorsally and a blackish-fuscous longi-
tudinal line on each side beneath.
Male genitalia—Harpe broadest at middle, sparsely clothed with
fine hairs; cucullus rounded; clasper absent; sacculus broadly folded,
with long, pointed basal process; the basal process of the sacculus is
clothed with short, stout spines over its entire length. Anellus rec-
tangular, narrowed posteriorly; lateral edges concave in anterior
part. Vinculum bluntly pointed. Aedeagus long, slender, and
slightly curved; bluntly pointed; vesica with three to seven stout
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 73
cornuti. Transtilla a large rectangular plate, produced anteriorly
at middle, with well-developed hairy lobes, the latter fused. Socii
large fleshy, hairy flaps.
Female genitalia—Genital plate broad. Ostium a long transverse
slit. Posterior two-fifths of ductus bursae sclerotized, straight; a
small protuberance from the side of the sclerotized portion of the
ductus bursae; inception of ductus seminalis just before ostium.
Bursa copulatrix small with well developed signum in the anterior
end.
Alar expanse, 15-22 mm.
Type.—In the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Type locality “Virginia.”
Food plants—Carum carvi I, Siwm lineare Michx., and
Ligusticum scoticum Li.
Distribution—Northeastern United States and eastern Canada.
United States records
District of Columbia: 2 ¢ ¢ (19—-VII-99, A. Busck).
Iowa: Ames ¢ (22-VIII-1918; A. W. Lindsey) ; Iowa City, ¢ (15-IV-1917).
Missouri: St. Louis, ¢ (20-VIII-05, H. McElhose).
New Hampshire: Hampton, 9 ¢¢,10 2? (February to August dates, 1906-—
1908, S. A. Shaw [reared]).
Pennsylvania: Philadelphia (no date or collector).
Canadian records
Manitoba: Cartwright, ¢ (no date; EH. F. Heath).
Nova Scotia: White Point Beach, Queens County, 18 ¢ 6,11 292 (2-10-VIII-
1934, J. McDunnough [reared] ).
Ontario: Toronto, 2 (2-III-95).
Remarks.—The number of cornuti on the vesica seems to be of no
significance in this species. Such differences in the number of cornuti
are usually specific but in the present case all intergrades may be
found in any one group of specimens. It is also rather strange that
cinereocostella should feed on so many species of plants, a habit which
is unusual for species of this genus. The specimens reared from the
different food plants exhibit no characters by which any one group
can be separated from another.
This species is of some economic importance. Although it has not
done great damage to crops of caraway, it is potentially dangerous
because of its unusual habit of feeding on a number of food plants,
DEPRESSARIA HERACLIANA (Linnaeus)
Puate 2, FicurE 11; Puate 6, Ficure 48; Puatre 10, Ficures 68, 68a;
PuaTe 17, Ficurn 102
Phalaena Tortrix heracliana LINNAEUS, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 582, No.
225, 1758; ibid., ed. 12, p. 380, No. 326, 1767.—DrE Grrr, Mémoires pour
servir a l’histoire des insectes, vol. 2, p. 407, No. 5, 1771.
174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Phalaena Tortrix heracleana LINNAEUS, Fauna Suecia, p. 347, No. 13834, 1761.
Phalaena heracliana (Linnaeus) Miter, Natursystem, p. 731, No. 326, 1774.
Phalaena heracleana Rerzius, Genera et species insectorum, p. 45, 1783.
Pyralis heracleana Fasricrus, Systema entomologiae, p. 655, No. 56, 1775;
Entomologia systematica, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 286, No. 178, 1794.
Depressaria heracliana (Linnaeus) ZELLER, Isis von Oken, vol. 4, p. 305, 1839;
Linnaea Ent., vol. 9, p. 312, 1854.—Brruaune, Can. Ent., vol. 2, p. 19, 1870.—
Lintner, Can. Ent., vol. 5, p. 82, 1873.—ZELLER, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,
vol. 23, p. 235, 1873.—CHamBers, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p.
138, 1878.—WatsIncHAM, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1881, p. 312.—RILEy, in
Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5265, 1891.—Dietz,
in Smith, Catalogue of the insects of New Jersey, p. 474, 1900.—REBEL, in
Staudinger and Rebel, Catalog der palaearctischen Lepidopteren, vol. 2, No.
3280, 1901.—Buscxk, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 748, 1902; in Dyar,
U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5889, 1903.—KrEarrottT, in Smith, List of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6482, 1908.—Pertir, Michigan Agr. Exp.
Stat. Bull. 233, p. 189, 1906.—CuHITTENDEN, Insects injurious to vegetation,
p. 187, 1907.— Jarvis, Ontario Ent. Soc. Rept., vol. 37, p. 48, 1907.—Buscx,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 200, 1908.—BrtrHune, Ontario Agr. Coll.
Bull. vol. 171, p. 28, 1909.—FuLron, WricHT, and Greece, Pennsylvania Agr.
Exp. Stat. Bull. 110, p. 29, 1911.—Sanperson, Insect pests of farm, garden,
and orchard, p. 417, 1912.—GoopErrHaAM, Proc. Ent. Soc. Nova Scotia, vol. 1,
p. 94, 1915.—Brerrain and GoopERHAM, Can. Ent., vol. 48, p. 37, 1916.—
Dv Porte, Ontario Ent. Soc. Rept., vol. 46, p. 50, 1916—BarNnes and Mc-
DunNouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6478,
1917.—BeETHUNE, Ontario Dept. Agr. Bull. 251, p. 24, 1917.—Ginson, Ontario
Ent. Soc. Rept., vol. 47, p. 16, 1917.—GossarD, Ohio Monthly Bull, vol. 4,
p. 379, 1919—MosuHeEr, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 12, p. 261, 1919.—TRaveEr,
Psyche, vol. 26 p. 77, 1919.—GiBson, Can. Dept. Agr. Ent. Cire., vol. 14, p. 138,
1920.—LronaArp, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 18, p. 491, 1920.—HupDson, Ontario
Ent. Soe. Rept., vol. 21, p. 35, 1921—Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera in-
sectorum, fase. 180, p. 171, 1922.—Forpes, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat.
Memoir 68, p. 243, 1923.—Ettts, Journ. Agr. Res., vol. 30, p. 789-790, 1925.—
CaEsar, Ontario Dept. Agr. Bull. 325, p. 27, 1927.—Brettain, Nova Scotia
Dept. Nat. Res. Bull. 12, p. 86-87, 1927—Drake and Decker, Iowa Agr. Exp.
Stat. Cire. 103, p. 16, 1927.—Perrtir, Michigan State Board Agr. Rept., vol. 66,
p. 343-344, 1927.—Carsar, Ontario Dept. Agr. Bull. 359, p. 29-80, 1931.—
Dustran, Can. Dept. Agr. Ent. Bull. vol. 32, p. 51, 1982—McDunNoueH,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America
(Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8404, 1939.—Gaernkg, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum
catalogus, pt. 92, p. 288, 1939.
Phalaena heraclei Rerztus, Genera et species insectorum, p. 45, 1783.
Pyralis umbellana Fasrictus, Entomologica systematica, vol. 38, p. 286, No.
177, 1794.
Haemilis pastinacella DuponcHeEt, Histoire naturelle des Lepidoptéres de la
France, vol. 11, p. 153, pl. 291, figs. 4 and 5, 1838——Bruanp, Ann. Ent. Soc.
France (ser. 2), 1844, p. 189, pl. 6, fig. A, B, a, b.
Haemylis heracleella ZETTERSTEDT, Insecta Lapponica, p. 999, 1840.
Depressaria ontariella BETHUNE, Can. Ent., vol. 2, p. 3, 19, 1870.
Labial palpus whitish ochreous; second segment suffused in the
brush and irrorated exteriorly with fuscous and brown; third segment
with subbasal and supramedial annuli blackish fuscous, the former
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 75
narrow and poorly defined. Antenna luteous annulated with fuscous ;
basal segment blackish fuscous above. Face pale, shining grayish
fuscous. Head, thorax, and fore wing luteous shaded and streaked
with brown and blackish fuscous; extreme base of costa, anal angle,
discal spot at the end of the cell, and a series of spots from apex,
around termen to inner margin, blackish fuscous; veins rather strongly
indicated by blackish-fuscous scaling; apical area with whitish irrora-
tions and an indistinct, narrow, outwardly curved fascia of the same
color from apical third of costa; cilia grayish-fuscous. Hind wing
pale yellowish-fuscous, darker apically and with a narrow, {fuscous
terminal line; cilia paler with a fuscous subbasal band. Legs luteous
shaded and irrorated with fuscous except at joints. Abdomen luteous
above, lightly infuscated; beneath, whitish-ochreous with a row of
blackish-fuscous spots on each side.
Male genitalia—Harpe with cucullus and distal half of ventral
margin clothed with stout hairs; costa excavated before cucullus;
clasper absent, sacculus moderately broad, strongly sclerotized, and
with a long slender process from base. Anellus an elongate slightly
sclerotized plate narrower at distal than at proximal end. Transtilla
a broad band with well-developed hairy lobes. Aedeagus stout, elon-
gate, pointed; vesica armed with eight or ten long slender cornuti,
Vinculum rounded. Gnathos a spined knob. Socii elongate hairy
lobes, widely separated. Tegumen truncated; uncus absent.
Female genitalia—Lobe of ovipositor somewhat sclerotized basally.
Genital plate broad, strongly sclerotized. Ostium round; anterior
edge strongly sclerotized. Ductus bursae membranous, dilated at pos-
terior three-fourths; inception of ductus seminalis just before ostium.
Bursa copulatrix moderately large with small diamond-shaped signum.
Alar expanse, 21-29 mm.
Ty pes.—Lost ? *4
Type localities —EKurope (heracliana, heraclei, wumbellana, pastina-
cella) ; Ontario, Canada (ontariella).
Food plants—Parsnip (Pastinacea sativa L.) ; Angelica sp. (boring
in stem).
Distribution —Throughout United States and southern Canada.
United States records
Arizona: Walton, Yuma County, @ (1-6-III-1925, O. C. Poling).
Illinois: Chicago, 3 ¢ 6 (June, 1900; 12-VII-’02, W. D. Kearfott; one without
date, K. Wyatt collector) ; Decatur, 2 ¢ ¢ (July 1-7).
Indiana: Morgan County, ¢@ (10-VII-1931, B. E. Montgomery; “reared from
wild parsnip”).
31 Dr. McDunnough states (in litt.) : “Regarding the type of ontariella Bethune, I have no
information. It is certainly not in Ottawa and I imagine that most of Bethune’s types
have been destroyed by Dermestes. . .. What remains of his collection has been scattered
about, but Dr. Ide of the Royal Ontario Museum who went over the specimens stated that
there were no types amongst them.”
176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Massachusetts: Cliftondale, 2 ¢ ¢ (August 1920, J. D. Caffrey).
New Jersey: Caldwell,3 6¢,5 992 (August, W. D. Kearfott).
New York: Rye, 6 66,10 92 (2-20-VIII-1939, J. I’. G. Clarke); ¢ (no date
or locality: Wm. Beutenmiiller).
Oregon: Portland, ¢ (1—-VIII-1914, L. Leland).
Pennsylvania: Bristol, 8 ¢ 4,8 29 (June to August dates, 1888, T. Pergande;
reared from parsnip) ; New Brighton, 3 ¢ 46,2 292 (5-13-VIII-1907, H. D.
Merrick) ; Oak Station, Allegheny County, ¢ (80-VII—10, Fred Marloff) ;
Pittsburgh, ¢, @ (10-IV—06, 18-IV-’06, Henry Engel); West Chester,
2664, 2 (July, 1919, F. M. Trimble; reared from parsnip).
Rhode Island: Bristol, ¢ (15-VII-1920, no collector).
Utah: Logan, Q@ (10-VIII-1907, HE. S. G. Titus; reared from wild parsnip) ;
Murray, ¢ (12-VII-1913, Timberlake); Vineyard, 2 (1-IX-1912, Tom
Spalding).
Washington: Bellingham, 12 ¢¢, 9 (4-VIII-1930, W. W. Baker; reared from
parsnip) ; Oroville, ¢ (18—VII-1933, Judson Murray; reared from parsnip) ;
Pullman, ¢ (29-IV-24, J. F. G. Clarke.)
Canadian records
British Columbia: Fraser Mills, @ (18-IX-1925, L. EH. Marmont); Lillooet
(2-VIII-1934, A. W. A. Phair) ; Summerland (12-IV—1934; 22-24-VII-1935,
A. N. Gartrell).
Nova Scotia: Truro (17—VIII-1915, no collector).
Ontario: London (28-29-VII-1931, G. S. Walley); Ottawa (19-VIII-1903;
11-VIII-1908, J. Fletcher) ; Port Hope (8—-IV-1895, no collector).
Quebec: Meach Lake (29-VII to 6—-VIII-1903, C. H. Young).
Remarks—This is the notorious “parsnip webworm,”? which has
appeared so frequently in the literature in America and abroad.
The name has repeatedly been credited to De Geer (1771) but
should be attributed to Linnaeus (1758). Sherborn (Index Ani-
malium, 1902) credits the name to Linnaeus, but others have failed to
acknowledge this authorship.
The species is undoubtedly more widespread in America than is
indicated by the distribution given; but I have included in the dis-
tribution only the localities from which I have seen specimens. At
New Castle, Del., however, I have seen abundant evidence of the work
of this species.
I have been unable to locate any of the types, although some may
be in existence.
DEPRESSARIA JULIELLA Busck
PLATE 88, Figures 203, 203a; Puate 47, Ficure 280
Depressaria juliella Buscx, Proc. Ent. Soe. Washington, vol. 9, pl. 91, 1908;
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 200, 1908.—BarNEes and McDUNNOUGH,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6475, 1917.—MEyRIck,
in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 171, 1922——CrarKE, Can.
Ent., vol. 66, p. 178, 1984.—McDunnouaH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8399, 1939.—Garpr, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 286,
1939.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE We
Labial palpus ochreous; second segment with a dark reddish-fus-
cous spot near base externally and with the brush suffused with red
and irrorated with reddish fuscous; third segment suffused with red
anteriorly and with poorly defined reddish-fuscous subbasal and
supramedial annuli. Antenna light reddish fuscous, narrowly and
faintly annulated with fuscous; basal segment ochreous beneath.
Face shining whitish ochreous. Head, thorax, and fore wing light
ochreous suffused and mottled with red. Below antenna, in front,
a vertical reddish-fuscous patch; from base of costa, following fold,
a reddish-fuscous streak to about basal fourth; in anal angle a small
reddish-fuscous patch; both of these dark markings mixed with black
scales. Along costa and inner margin and in apical third numerous
white scales; all the veins are more or less indicated by reddish fus-
cous and black mixed; discal spot at end of cell faintly indicated by
a few red scales; cilia fuscous, strongly suffused with red and with
a blackish-fuscous subbasal band. Hind wing fuscous, lighter
basally; cilia red with a fuscous subbasal band. Legs ochreous suf-
fused with red and mottled with reddish fuscous. Abdomen ochre-
ous suffused with fuscous dorsally and with a blackish-fuscous line
on each side ventrally.
Male genitalia—Harpe gradually tapering to the rounded cucullus;
clasper absent, sacculus broadly folded, with a large, elongate, trun-
cated process from its base; this elongate process is more or less armed
with spines over most of its length; at the distal end the spines are
numerous. Anellus a sclerotized plate; broad anteriorly, narrow pos-
teriorly; anterior edge with a shallow median cleft; posterior edge
convex. Vinculum produced anteriorly. Aedeagus long, nearly
straight, dilated at proximal end; vesica armed with 7-10 stout cornuti.
Transtilla membranous, with small hairy lobes. Socii long, narrow,
hairy flaps.
Female genitalia—Genital plate broad, moderately sclerotized.
Ostium transverse, elliptical, situated at anterior margin of the genital
plate. Ductus bursae sclerotized, shghtly curved and dilated in pos-
terior half, without protuberance; membranous in anterior half; in-
ception of ductus seminalis just anterior to ostium. Bursa copulatrix
large with a small, but well developed signum near anterior end.
Alar expanse, 21-25 mm.
Type.—In United States National Museum.
Type locality.—Pecos, N. Mex.
Food plant—Cicuta occidentalis Greene.
Distribution—W estern United States.
286614—41——_10
178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
United States records
Colorado: Alamosa, 2 (Oslar).
New Mexico: Pecos, ¢ (September, T. D. A. Cockerell).
Utah: Provo, 5 ¢@4,38 2¢@ (August and September dates); Vineyard, 16 ¢¢,
17 22 (September and October dates, Tom Spalding).
Washington: Pullman, 56 ¢ ¢, 52 92 (reared, July, August dates, 19383-1935,
J. F. G. Clarke).
Remarks.—I have already given *? a summary of the habits and have
briefly described the larva of this species but it seems appropriate to
give a brief description of the pupa at this time.
Pupa.—First day: Wing, antennal and leg sheaths, also dorsal part
of head and thorax light lemon yellow. Abdominal segments light
whitish ochreous except the last caudal segment which is strongly
tinged with reddish brown. The last five segments are free and
movable.
Second day: Pupa light reddish brown; last segment somewhat
darker. From the second day on the color becomes progressively
darker. The wing sheaths become very dark brown first. The ab-
dominal segments gradually become darker until at the time of emer-
gence the entire pupa is nearly black.
Busck’s remark ** concerning the close relationship of juliella to the
European nervosa is borne out by a study of both the male and female
genitalia. The differences in genitalia (although admittedly slight)
and the difference in food plant will serve to distinguish the two. The
coloration of juliella, as indicated by a reared and a collected series of
over 150 specimens, is usually brighter and lighter than that of nervosa.
DEPRESSARIA ELEANORAE, new species
PLATE 88, F1iauReES 204, 204a; PLate 47, Ficure 279
Similar to D. juliella Busck but smaller.
Antenna reddish ochreous above, lighter beneath and toward tip;
narrowly annulated with reddish fuscous. Second segment of labial
palpus whitish ochreous strongly suffused with red and reddish fus-
cous exteriorly; third segment whitish ochreous with broad reddish-
fuscous basal and subapical fasciae. Head light reddish ochreous;
face light yellowish ochreous. Thorax, tegula, and fore wing ochreous
strongly overlaid with red, reddish fuscous, and white scales; at base
of wing a black spot on costa and a similar one on dorsum; narrowly
but strongly tinged with bright red; in middle of cell an indistinct
longitudinal streak of reddish fuscous and white scales mixed; cilia
light reddish fuscous. Hind wing light fuscous, lighter basally with
a distinct reddish hue; cilia light reddish fuscous with a fuscous sub-
82 Clarke, J. F. G., Can. Ent. vol. 66, p. 178, 1934.
33 Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 9, p. 91, 1908.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 179
basal band. Legs: Femora whitish ochreous; fore and mid femora
strongly marked with reddish fuscous exteriorly; tibiae and tarsi of
fore and mid legs reddish fuscous with whitish ochreous inwardly.
Hind tibia whitish ochreous strongly tinged with pink; tarsi strongly
marked with fuscous. Abdomen whitish ochreous; basal segments
suffused with light fuscous; underside with well-defined lateral row
of fuscous spots on each side.
Male genitalia—Harpe sparsely clothed with fine hairs; clasper
absent; cucullus rounded; sacculus broadly folded and with a long,
distally dilated, curved basal process; the latter armed with spines
only at distal end. Anellus a broad, sclerotized plate abruptly nar-
rowed in posterior half; posterior edge strongly convex; anterior mar-
gin indented. Vinculum with a strongly produced, acutely pointed
anterior process. Aedeagus long, slender, nearly straight; vesica with
12 or more stout cornuti. Transtilla membranous with weakly de-
veloped, hairy lobes. Socii long, slender, hairy flaps.
Female genitalia—Genital plate broad, moderately sclerotized ;
ostium transverse, slitlike; anterior edge of ostium slightly convex.
Posterior two-thirds of ductus bursae strongly sclerotized. Bursa
copulatrix large ; signum small and situated at the anterior end.
Alar expanse, 18-20 mm.
Type—U.S.N.M. No. 52082.
Type locality —Hymers, Ontario (August 16-23).
Remarks.—Described from the ¢ type,1 @ and 6 8 paratypes as
follows: Ottawa, Ontario 3 ¢ ¢ (28-VIII-1906; 5-IX-1908, James
Fletcher ; 19-I11-1933, C. H. Young) ; ¢ (20-V—1925, C. H. Curran) ;
Trenton, Ontario, ¢ (9-IX-10, Evans). The other two paratype
8 6 are without locality labels; one with “In office, 21-X-1903” and the
other “23-X-04 J. F.” (James Fletcher?). Paratypes in U. S. Na-
tional and Canadian National collections. I am indebted to Dr. J.
McDunnough for seven of the eight specimens of the type series.
This species is the eastern analogue of the western juléella but is
immediately distinguished from juliella by its smaller size. The
genitalia of the two are similar but differ as follows: In the male of
juliella the vinculum is bluntly pointed, in eleanorae sharply pointed ;
the basal process from the sacculus of juléella is spiny over practically
its entire length while that of eleanorae has spines only on the distal
half; on the vesica of ju/éella there is one cornutus which is noticeably
much larger than the rest, but in eleanorae the differences in the
lengths of the cornuti are not so striking. The ductus bursae of the
female genitalia of eleanorae exhibits a sclerotized portion of much
greater length than that found in juliedla.
I take pleasure in naming this species for Mrs. Eleanor A. Carlin,
staff artist for the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.
180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
DEPRESSARIA ALIENELLA Busck
PLATE 35, Figures 195, 195a; PLatre 48, FIguRE 282
Depressaria alienella BuscK, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 765, 1904.—ANDER-
80N, Catalogue of British Columbia Lepidoptera, No. 1094, 1904.—Buscr,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 200, 1908.—Barnes and McDunnoueH, Check
list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6473, 1917.—MeEyrRick, in
Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 171, 1922.—McDunnovueH, Check
list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part. 2,
Microlepidoptera), No. 8393, 1939.—GarpE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum cata-
logus, pt. 92, p. 278, 1939.
Depressaria emeritella WALSINGHAM (not Stainton), Proc. Zool. Soe. London,
1881, p. 881.—Rtrry, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No.
5261, 1891.—Busck, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 746, 1902; in Dyar, U.S.
Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5884, 1903.
Depressaria emeritella alienella (Busck) Forpres, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat.,
Memoir 68, p. 243, 1923.
Labial palpus white; second segment irrorated exteriorly, and suf-
fused in the brush, with reddish fuscous and with a distinct blackish-
fuscous spot near base exteriorly; third segment with a broad blackish-
fuscous supramedial annulus. Head and thorax white; thorax sparsely
irrorated with reddish fuscous anteriorly; tegula dark reddish fuscous.
Fore wing light fuscous strongly overlaid with red or reddish fuscous,
irrorated with cinereous and fuscous and streaked with blackish
fuscous; at the end of cell a white discal spot preceded and followed
with fuscous; around termen a poorly defined row of fuscous spots.
Legs white, suffused and irrorated with blackish fuscous except at
joints. Abdomen pale fuscous above, ochreous-white beneath, irro-
rated with fuscous.
Male genitalia—Harpe moderately clothed with long fine hairs,
clasper long, pointed, not projecting beyond ventral edge of harpe,
armed with numerous fine spines; sacculus narrowly folded, without
basal process; cucullus bluntly pointed. Anellus broadly oval; lateral
edge not strongly produced. Vinculum bluntly pointed. Transtilla
a broad sclerotized band with hairy lobes moderately well developed.
Aedeagus long, slender, gently curved. Tegumen truncated; socii
small, hairy lobes.
Female genitalia —Ostium slitlike transverse, with shallow median
cleft on anterior edge; situated near the anterior edge of the genital
plate. Duetus bursae membranous, straight; inception of the ductus
seminalis well before ostium and anterior to the sclerotized portion
of the ductus bursae. Bursa copulatrix large with well-developed
toothed signum.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 181
Alar expanse, 18-21 mm.
Type—In the United States National Museum.
Type locality —Kaslo, British Columbia, Canada.
Food plant.—Artemisia sp., yarrow.
Distribution —Northeastern and Western United States and Canada
from the Atlantic to Pacific.
United States records
California: Shasta Retreat, Siskiyou County, 2 ¢¢,3 92 (July 1-7).
Maine: Bar Harbor, 4 ¢ 6 (24-VIII-85; 26-IX—36, A. E. Brower).
Massachusetts: Worcester, ¢ (2-VIII-1902).
New York: Ilion, ¢,2 92 (2-3-[X-11, H. McElhose).
Oregon: Rogue River, Josephine County (VI-1872, Walsingham).
Canadian records
Alberta: Nordegg, 3 6 6 (16-18-IX-1921, K. Bowman).
British Columbia: Kaslo.
Manitoba: ¢ (10-VIII-1905, L. E. Marmont); Rounthwaite, 2 (10-VIII-06,
L. E. Marmont).
New Brunswick: Fredericton, ¢ (22—VII-35, A. E. Brower).
Nova Scotia: Round Hill, ¢ (28—-VII-1935, F. C. Gilliatt).
Ontario: Ottawa, 3 ¢¢ (30-VII-07, 11-VIII-1905, C. H. Young; 17—VII-1933
[reared from Yarrow] C. H. Young); Trenton, 3 ¢¢ (9-IX-11, 5-IX-04,
5-IX-12, Evans).
Quebec: Meach Lake, @ (16—-VII-1902, C. H. Young).
Remarks.—The specimens I have placed under this name show con-
siderable variation in coloration, but all have one character in com-
mon, white head and thorax. The variation in the color of the fore
wings is of no value in distinguishing this species, and, further, the
color forms cannot be separated on genitalia.
The only North American species with which alienella might be
confused is artemiésiella, to which it is very closely related, but the two
may be easily distinguished on characters of the anellus, and artemé-
stella lacks the white head and thorax so characteristic of alienella.
The European emeritelia has the thorax white as in alienella, but the
two are easily distinguished by their genitalia.
DEPRESSARIA ARTEMISIELLA McDunnough
PLATE 35, Fiaures 196, 196a ; PLATE 47, FIGURE 278
Depressaria artemisiella McDuNNouGH, Can. Ent., vol. 59, p. 271, 1927; Check list
of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Mi-
crolepidoptera), No. 8402, 1989.—GarngE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus,
pt. 92, p. 273, 1939.
182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Labial palpus ochreous; base of second segment deep brown and the
brush suffused and profusely irrorated with brown; third segment
with poorly defined brown subbasal annulus. Head ochreous mixed
with brown; anterior margin of front deep brown. Thorax deep
purplish brown mixed with ochreous. Ground color of fore wing
light wood brown, shaded with deep brown on costal half at base and
streaked with white and black; subcostal vein black irrorated with
white on outer half; veins 5 to 9 indicated by black scaling; at apical
third a transverse, outwardly curved, crescentic, whitish fascia; at
basal third, in cell, an indistinct black discal spot followed by a white
streak, the latter confluent with the poorly defined white outer discal
spot at the end of cell; vein 2 largely white with brown shading above
and below; veins 3 and 4 liberally sprinkled with white, 5 sparsely so;
from apical third of costa, around termen to middle of inner margin,
a series of poorly defined blackish spots; cilia concolorous with slight
pink tinge. Hind wing and cilia pale smoky; wing darker apically
with blackish terminal line. Legs ochreous suffused and irrorated
with fuscous except at joints. Abdomen ochreous.
Male genitalia —Similar to alienella except that the lateral edges of
the anellus of artemiésiella are strongly produced (see key and fig. 196).
The clasper of artemisiella appears to be armed with fewer and coarser
spines than that of alenella, but I have not seen sufficient material to
determine whether this character is constant.
Female genitalia.—Similar to alienella except that the anterior
edge of ostial opening is convex in artemisiella but slightly cleft in
alienella.
Alar expanse, 22 mm.
Type.—tn the Canadian National Museum.
Type locality—Seton Lake, Lillooet, British Columbia, Canada.
Food plant.—Artemisia.
Distribution—Known only from the type locality.
Remarks.—In. addition to the differences in genitalia the thorax
in artemisiella is not white as it is in alienella and the fore wing lacks
the red coloration of the latter species.
DEPRESSARIA WHITMANI, new species
PLATE 36, FIGURES 200, 200a; PLATE 48, Figure 286
A medium-sized dark species similar to leptotaeniae.
Labial palpus with tuft of second segment blackish fuscous below
and outwardly; inwardly and above this segment is olive-buff; ter-
minal segment blackish fuscous; apex olive-buff. Antenna blackish
fuscous narrowly annulated with grayish fuscous; basal segment
shining black above, olive-buff below. Head light fuscous, scales
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 183
gray tipped. Thorax and tegula blackish fuscous anteriorly, drab
posteriorly. Fore wing blackish fuscous irrorated with drab and
olive-buff scales; wing, at extreme base in angle, three short dashes
at basal third, the bases of veins 9, 10, and 11, and a series of small
spots at the ends of all veins around termen, black; at end of cell a
well-defined olive-buff spot preceded by a few black scales; at apical
third a poorly defined, narrow, outwardly curved olive-buff fascia ;
extreme edge of costa faintly pink; cilia grayish fuscous. Hind wing
light fuscous, darker apically; cilia very light shining fuscous with
a darker subbasal line. Legs fuscous strongly overlaid with olive-
buff; tarsi annulated with olive-buff. Abdomen fuscous, the posterior
edges of the segments dorsally grayish; under surface heavily over-
laid with olive-buff.
Male genitalia——Harpe broad, sparsely clothed with hairs; clasper
stout, abruptly excurved just below middle; at base of clasper a
series of four or five short, stout bristles; sacculus narrowly folded
but strongly sclerotized; from base of sacculus an elongate, gently
excurved process armed with fine, slender spines. Anellus a broad
sclerotized plate broader than long; posterior edge narrowly pro-
duced to middle and deeply cleft. Aedeagus longer than harpe,
slender, evenly curved; at base a broad, flat dorsal winglike expan-
sion; opposite this a broad concave plate by which the aedeagus
articulates with the anellus. Vinculum rounded with prominent
ventroposterior ridge. Transtilla membranous with large, hairy,
broad lateral lobes. Gnathos a spined, oval knob. Socii minute,
mainly indicated by a few hairs.
Female genitalia—Genital plate narrow, of nearly equal width
throughout; ventroanterior edge produced into a narrow flap.
Ostium small, somewhat triangular. Ductus bursae membranous ex-
cept for a small, strongly sclerotized, curved section from middle to
posterior three-fourths; entire posterior half rigid and slightly curved ;
inception of ductus seminalis just before ostium. Bursa copulatrix
large; signum a large, sclerotized, toothed plate with prominent
anterior and posterior points.
Alar expanse, 18-22 mm.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 52083.
Type locality—Snake River, Whitman County, Wash., opposite
Clarkston.
Food plant—Lomatium macrocarpum (Hook. and Arn.) Coult.
and Rose.
Remarks.—Described from the ¢ type,2 ¢ and 1 2 paratypes
all from the same locality. These specimens were reared from larvae
which I collected. The moths issued 26-27-V-19385.
184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
The species appears to be closest to leptotaeniae in coloration but
nearest angustati on characters of the genitalia. In coloration it is
inseparable from Jeptotaeniae but may easily be separated from
angustati by the presence of the pink cast of the costa which angustati
lacks. D. whitmani can be separated from leptotaeniae by its long
slender aedeagus; from angustati by the more evenly curved aedeagus,
the more strongly excurved spine cluster from the base of the sacculus,
the series of four or five short bristles as the base of the clasper, and
the deeply incised posterior margin of the anellus. The females are
at once distinguishable by their genitalia. D. leptotaeniae lacks the
curved, sclerotized posterior portion of the ductus bursae; angustate
lacks the produced ventroanterior flap of the genital plate and the
pronounced anterior and posterior points of the signum; the sclerotized
portion of the ductus bursae is longer in angustati than in whitmani.
DEPRESSARIA LEPTOTAENIAE Clarke
Puate 37, Ficures 202, 202a; PLATE 48, FicurE 289
Depressaria leptotaeniae CLARKE, Can. Ent., vol. 65, p. 87, pl. 4, 1933—McDun-
NouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of
America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8396, 1939.—GAEnbE, in Bryk, Lepidop-
terorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 286, 1939.
Male genitalia—Harpe rather short, broad, sparsely clothed with
hairs; clasper stout, long, curved toward the cucullus; cucullus pointed ;
sacculus narrowly curved, with a prominent transverse, spinous basal
process, the spines numerous, rather small. Anellus a long sclerotized
plate; posterior and anterior edges deeply concave; lateral edges con-
vex. Vinculum rounded. Aedeagus stout, pointed, curved. Trans-
tilla a moderately broad sclerotized band with well-developed hairy
lobes. Socii small, hairy.
Female genitalia.—Genital plate narrow with narrow, strongly scle-
rotized ventral sclerites, the latter narrower than the sclerotized part
of ductus bursae. Ostium triangular. Posterior portion of ductus
bursae broad, slightly curved, sclerotized ; inception of ductus seminalis
just anterior to ostium. Bursa copulatrix large with a well-developed
signum near posterior end.
Alar expanse, 17-23 mm.
Type.—tIn the United States National Museum.
Type locality —Pullman, Wash.
Food plants—Leptotaenia multifida Nutt. and L. salmoniflora
Coult. and Rose.
Distribution.—Northwestern United States and Canada in the inter-
mountain area.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 185
United States records
Idaho: Viola, Moscow Mountains (—Thatuna Hills), altitude 3,000 feet, 11 GuyGrs
7 222 (10-16-VI-35).
Utah: Eureka, ¢, 2 (18-VII-1911, 28-VI-1911, Tom Spalding).
Washington: Almota, Whitman County, altitude, 2,000 feet, @ (11-VI-35) ;
Cashmere (Hay Canyon),2 66,7 22 (24-V to 7-VI-35, I. W. Bales) ; Dry
Falls, Grant County, 2 66, 9 (14-V-35); Entiat, ¢ (9-V—1934, A. N.
Gartrell) ; Grand Coulee City, 17 ¢ 6,10 22 (20-22-IV-34; 12-21-V-35) ;
Kamiack Butte, Whitman County, altitude 3000 ft., 66 6 6, 63 92 (5-18-
V-34; 27-V to 19-VI-35); Park Lake, Grant County, 15 ¢6, 12 29
(9-21-V-35) ; Pullman, altitude 2,500 feet, 5 ¢ ¢,8 2@ (30-V to 16-VI-82).
(Unless otherwise stated all were reared from larvae collected by the writer. )
Canadian records
Alberta: Waterton Lakes, @ (18-VII-1923, J. McDunnough [rf. yellow flowered
umbel] ).
Remarks.—In this large series are two specimens (approximately
1 o/o) with short broad wings which otherwise are quite normal and
apparently functional. These two are not crippled in any sense, and
were reared under the same conditions as were the rest, which suggests
that this short-winged form may be the result of a Mendelian factor
such as has been demonstrated in experiments with Drosophila.
I mention these short-winged forms merely to show that if they were
collected in nature they would undoubtedly be described as a distinct
species (distinct from that to which they actually belong).
Since this species was described I have been able to rear a series of
over 200 moths from various localities in the states of Idaho and
Washington. The Utah specimens are somewhat smaller than those
from Idaho and Washington and show slight variations in the gen-
italia but unquestionably belong here.
DEPRESSARIA YAKIMAE, new species
PLATE 37 Ficures 201, 201la; Prats 48, FicurE 285
A very distinct, medium-sized, grayish species close to leptotaeniae.
Labial palpus with second segment white strongly irrorated with
blackish fuscous; third segment blackish fuscous sparsely irrorated
with white; apex white. Antenna with basal segment blackish
fuscous with a whitish-ochreous patch beneath at apex; remainder
of antenna brown above, whitish ochreous beneath, narrowly an-
nulated with blackish fuscous. Head light brownish fuscous, the
tips of the scales whitish. Thorax and ground color of fore
wing brownish ochreous mixed with white scales. Bases of tegula
and fore wing blackish fuscous; costa of fore wing fuscous mixed
with white; an indistinct longitudinal dash, and streaks following
186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
the veins, black; at apical third an indistinct outwardly curved,
broken, white fascia formed by short series of white scales following
the veins; around termen a series of seven indistinct black spots;
cilia light smoky. Hind wing fuscous, lighter basally; cilia light
brownish ochreous with a distinct fuscous subbasal line. Legs
blackish fuscous outwardly, mixed with whitish ochreous inwardly ;
annulations of tarsi whitish ochreous. Abdomen grayish above,
whitish ochreous beneath.
Male genitalia—Harpe broad, sparsely clothed with hairs; cucullus
broadly rounded; clasper stout, sharply and outwardly angled;
distal end with small scobinations; sacculus narrowly folded, with
spinous process from base curved toward cucullus; elements of
spinous basal process long, stout, rather few in number. Anellus
longer than broad; anterior margin deeply cleft; lateral edge con-
vex, undulating; posterior margin concave. Aedeagus stout, gently
curved, sharply pointed; base with large, winglike dorsal expansion
and spoon-shaped ventral process by which the aedeagus articulates
with the anellus. Vinculum rounded. Transtilla broad, narrowly
hood-shaped; lobes of transtilla mainly indicated by hairs. Socii
small, hairy.
Female genitalia.—Ostium large, oval; genital plate broad, strongly
sclerotized, somewhat evaginated ventrally around ostium; anteriorly
the ventral sclerites are produced to form two conspicuous, shallow,
sclerotized pockets equal in length to the sclerotized part of the duc-
tus bursae; ductus bursae strongly sclerotized in posterior third, the
remainder membranous; inception of ductus seminalis just before
ostium; bursa copulatrix large, with a conspicuous, strongly sclero-
tized, toothed signum in posterior part.
Alar expanse, 20-22 mm.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 52073.
Type locality—Yakima, Yakima County, Wash. (18-V-31, Fred
P. Dean, collector).
Food plant.—Unknown.
Remarks.—Described from the 2 type, 3 ¢ and 32 paratypes as
follows: Walla Walla, Wash.,3 ¢ ¢ and 3 2? 2 (Clarke, No. 4731-
4736; [8-14-VI-1931, D. H. Brannon]).
This very distinct species cannot be confused with any other de-
scribed from North America. A few species (leptotaeniae, multi-
fidae, and angustati) show a slight tendency toward the formation
of the shallow anterior pockets of the genital plate but none has
them so well developed as yakimae.
I suspect that the larva will be found on some species of Lomatium
or a closely allied plant.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 187
DEPRESSARIA MULTIFIDAE Clarke
Piate 36, Ficures 199, 199a; Puate 48, Ficure 288
Depressaria multtifidae CLARKE, Can, Ent., vol. 65, p. 85, pl. 4, 1933; vol. 66,
p. 179, 1984.—McDunnovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and
the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8394, 1939.—
GAEDE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 288, 1939.
Male genitalia—Harpe broad, sparsely covered with fine hairs;
cucullus pointed; clasper slender, fingerlike, curved toward cucullus;
sacculus narrowly folded with a prominent basal process armed with
long stout spines. Anellus a sclerotized plate longer than wide, with
sides convex; posterior and anterior margins concave. Vinculum
rounded. Aedeagus longer than harpe, slender, pointed; sharply
curved at distal third, less strongly so at basal third; base of aedeagus
with a small bulbous process dorsally and a long, broad, shovel-shaped
process ventrally. Transtilla a broad, lightly sclerotized band with
moderately developed hairy lobes. Socii very small, mainly indicated
by hairs.
Female genitalia—Genital plate narrow with a pair of shallow,
cupped sclerites anteriorly. Ostium a longitudinal slit, wider at
anterior end. Ductus bursae with a sharply curved sclerotized portion
near its middle; inception of ductus seminalis just before ostium.
Bursa copulatrix large with a well-developed signum near posterior
end.
Alar expanse, 17-21 mm.
Type.—tiIn the United States National Museum.
Type locality —Snake River, Whitman County, opposite Clarkston,
Wash.
Food plant.—Lomatium grayi Coult. and Rose.
Distribution Northwestern United States.
United States records
Idaho: Lapwai, Nez Perce County, 238 ¢ ¢, 20 299 (21-26-V-35).
Washington: Penawawa, Whitman County, 6 64,4 992 (8-12-V-35) ; Snake
River, Whitman County, opposite Clarkston, 6 ¢¢, 10 92 (May dates
1932-34) ; Truax, Whitman County, ¢,2 29 (4-9-V-35) ; Godman Springs,
Blue Mountains, Columbia County, altitude 5.700 feet, 2 ¢¢, 4 @2@
(23-31-VII-35).
(All the above specimens were reared from larvae collected by the writer.)
Remarks.—Although the male and female genitalia were character-
ized in the original description, it seems advisable to make necessary
corrections at this time. They have been correctly redescribed above.
The name of this insect is unfortunate and resulted from a mis-
identification of the host. The plant, upon which the larva feeds,
grows to a very large size on the sandy or gravelly bars of the Snake
188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
River. Because of the large size of these individual plants they have,
for many years, been considered conspecific with the true Leptotaenia
multifida of the high plateau of the Palouse region around Pullman,
Wash.
Suspecting some error in my rearing records of this and allied
species, or in the identification of the hosts, I supplied larvae feeding
on true Leptotaenia with food from the Snake River locality. They
refused this substitute food. When this evidence was obtained further
investigations were carried out which proved, beyond doubt, that the
food plant is Lomatium grayi.
A long series of moths has been reared from larvae collected in
several localities. ‘These moths show some variation in structure and
habits, but not enough, I think, to warrant separation. Superficially
the moths cannot be distinguished, nor can the larvae or pupae.
The differences in habits are directly the result of the variations
in the host plants themselves. As already pointed out, the plants
growing in the sandy or gravelly bars of the river are unusually large,
while those growing on the dry banks a few yards away are scarcely
recognizable as the same species. This plant grows also in the Blue
Mountains of Washington and Oregon up to altitudes of slightly over
6,000 feet. As might be expected it varies greatly in its different
habitats there, from a small, sessile plant to one almost reaching the
proportions of the individuals of the Snake River bars.
The moth, however, apparently does not go above 5,700 feet,
although it is common at that altitude at Godman Springs, in the
Blue Mountains.
The larvae collected at Godman Springs show some colorational
differences but I think these unimportant specifically; one often finds
such differences in larvae from one locality. The larvae from God-
man Springs measured 12-14 mm. in length, 2 to 3 mm. smaller than
the mature larvae from the Snake River. This difference, I believe,
is purely the result of the different environments.
The larval habits of the mountain insects are much the same as
those of the desert-inhabiting individuals. The former differ, how-
ever, in producing much more webbing of the parts of the plants
affected, with pupation frequently taking place in the webbed leaf
sheaths. I failed to find a pupa (living or dead) in the stalks of the
mountain plants although I did find a few larvae in the flower stalks.
All of the larvae found in the stalks were parasitized. Because of
the small number of larvae and pupae found I suspect that many
larvae pupate in debris at the base of the plant. A brief description
of the pupa is as follows: Wing, antennal and leg sheaths bright green
gradually becoming darker and duller, tinged with brown. Abdomi-
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 189
nal segments yellow-brown shaded with green. Just preceding
emergence the wing, antennal and leg sheaths become very dark brown
while the abdominal segments remain a deep reddish brown. Last
five segments free. Pupation period 8-10 days.
DEPRESSARIA ANGUSTATI, new species
PLATE 36, Ficures 198, 198a; PLATE 48, FicuRE 287
A medium-sized dark species close to multifidae and whitmane.
Second segment of labial palpus ochreous with much blackish
scaling intermixed, especially exteriorly; third segment blackish
fuscous, ochreous tipped. Antenna blackish fuscous, slightly lighter
beneath, the whole becoming lighter toward the distal end. Head
cchreous with much fuscous scaling above. Thorax and fore wing
blackish fuscous with scattered ochreous scales. Tip of tegula and
posterior portion of thorax ochreous. Discal spot at middle of cell
black with some ochreous scales mixed; frequently this spot is very
indistinct; at end of cell a usually conspicuous ochreous spot pre-
ceded and followed by black scales. From the costa, at the middle,
to the center of the cell an indistinct broad ochreous fascia; at two-
thirds from costa, outwardly to vein 6 then inwardly to inner margin,
a similarly colored but narrower fascia; costa sprinkled with ochreous
scales above and ochreous beneath mixed with fuscous scales; cilia
light brownish fuscous. Hind wing fuscous, lighter basally; cilia
light brownish fuscous with a narrow fuscous subbasal line. Legs
with femora ochreous, strongly (usually) suffused with fuscous;
tibiae and tarsi ochreous inwardly, fuscous outwardly; tarsi ochreous
annulated. Abdomen grayish above with ochreous at posterior
edges of segments; beneath fuscous except midventrally where it is
ochreous; anal tuft ochreous.
Male genitalia—Harpe narrow with the cucullus bluntly rounded;
clasper strongly sclerotized, moderately slender and strongly curved
outwardly in distal half; sacculus moderately broad with a promi-
nent spinous basal process the elements of which are fine, slender and
compactly associated, Anellus a very broad, sclerotized plate, broader
than long; posterior edge not cleft; from each basolateral edge of
the plate a pointed projection articulating with the sacculus of the
harpe. Vinculum very broad and only slightly curved on its anterior
edge. Transtilla scarcely sclerotized but with well-developed, nar-
row hairy lobes. Aedeagus about as long as harpe, slender, pointed
and sharply curved at basal and distal ends; at the base are a small
bulbous process dorsally and a broad spoon-shaped sclerotized por-
tion ventrally by which the aedeagus articulates with the anellus.
Tegumen broad, rather short. Socii small.
190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Female genitalia—Genital plate narrow, more so laterally. Os-
tium small, elongate. Ductus bursae membranous except an elon-
gate, curved, sclerotized area on one side about the middle; inception
of ductus seminalis just before ostium. Bursa copulatrix large with
well developed signum.
Alar expanse, 17-21 mm.
Type.—U. 8. N. M. No. 52075.
Type locality——Skyline Ridge, Mount Baker District, Whatcom
County, Wash., altitude 6,200 feet.
Food plant—Lomatium angustatum (Coult. and Rose) St. John.
Remarks —Described from the ¢ type,9 é and 6 2 paratypes all
from the type locality. All were collected by the author. Paratypes
in the United States National, Canadian National, and H. H. Keifer
collections.
The larvae, from which the type series was reared, were collected
on August 17 and 18, 1933. From the larvae collected 25 pupae were
obtained. From these pupae 16 moths emerged. Pupation began
on August 21 and ended August 24; emergence of the moths began
on August 31 and ended September 2.
The host of this species is a small plant growing on open gravelly
slopes or on rock outcrops where considerable fracturing of the basic
rocks has taken place. The basal leaves of the plant are frequently
closely appressed to the ground and it is in these leaves that the larva
does most of its feeding. Frequently, however, the more erect leaves
are involved by the tubes and webs spun by the larva. The silken
tubes in which the larva lives are constructed among the broken
rocks and soil and frequently extend several inches down cracks in
the rock, thus providing an excellent hiding place for the larva when
not feeding.
This species is clearly related to multifidae but may readily be
distinguished from that species by its genitalia.
DEPRESSARIA TOGATA Walsingham
PLATE 37, FIGuRE 200B
Depressaria togata WALSINGHAM, Ins. Life, vol. 1, p. 254, 1889.—RtitEy, in
Smith, List of Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5282, 1891.—Busck, Proce.
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 746, 1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52,
No. 5885, 1903.—KEarrort, in Smith, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, No. 6428, 19038.—Busck, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 200,
1908.—Barnes and McDuNNovucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, No. 6474, 1917—MeEyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc.
180, p. 172, 1922.—Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 242,
1923.—McDunnovucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the
United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 83897, 1939.—
GAEDE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 294, 19389.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 191
“Antenna purplish-fuscous. Palpi cinereous, speckled with fuscous
externally on the second joint; apical joint entirely suffused with
fuscous, with the éxception of the apex which is ochreous. Head,
dull grayish-ochreous; face paler. Thorax, cinereous, speckled with
fuscous. Fore wings pale grayish-ochreous, thickly suffused and
streaked with purplish-fuscous, the markings ill-defined, consisting
of a dark fuscous patch at the base of the dorsal margin, a dash of
the same color immediately above the middle of the wing at one third
from base, followed by some pale grayish-ochreous scales; a pale
grayish-ochreous spot on the middle of the wing at about the end of
the cell is preceded and followed by fuscous scales, and beyond and
above it are several fuscous dashes radiating outwards to the costal
and to the upper half of the apical margin, where is a row of obscure
fuscous spots preceding the somewhat paler mottled cilia. Hind
wings, pale shining whitish-gray, with the cilia scarcely darker in
which a slight tinge of grayish-ochreous is traceable. Abdomen,
grayish-ochreous.”
Male genitalia—Essentially like angustati but with the posterior
margin of the anellus narrower and the lateral edge entire, convex.
The clasper is outwardly angulate instead of evenly curved.
Alar expanse, 20 mm.
Type.—tIn the British Museum.
Type locality.— Montana.”
Food plant.—Unknown.
Distribution.—Known only from the type locality.
Remarks.—The above color description is taken from the original.
I have drawn up the brief description of the male genitalia from a
sketch (see fig. 200B) kindly submitted by Herbert Stringer, of the
British Museum.
Mr. Stringer states (in litt.) that “togata is nearest to angustati
but not that species,’ or any of the others included in this paper,
and of which I submitted drawings of the genitalia.
The figure of the male genitalia is a copy of the sketch sent by
Mr. Stringer and shows adequately the differences between togata
and the other species.
In 1902 ** Busck applied the name ¢ogata to specimens from Colo-
rado and Vermont. The Colorado specimens, which are before me,
are not this species, as the genitalia indicate, but represent an unde-
scribed species. I am leaving this series undescribed until more
and better material comes to hand, because the moths are now faded
and were none too good when collected. The Vermont specimens
were probably betulella,; I know of no species in the togata-angustati
complex east of the Rocky Mountains.
% Busck, A., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 746, 1902.
192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
In this complex the moths are so much alike superficially that it is
almost impossible to separate the various species except by a comparison
of genitalia. The species are widespread throughout the far west
and each appears to be confined to its particular food plant and re-
stricted geographical area.
I have not included togata in the keys because of my inadequate
knowledge of the species and because of the uselessness of trying to
separate the species of this group entirely on coloration.
DEPRESSARIA GROTELLA Robinson
PLATE 34, FicuRES 192-192b; PLATE 47, Ficures 277, 277a
Depressaria grotella Rostnson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 9, p. 157, pl.
1, fig. 10, 1870.—WatsincHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 312.—CoQuiz-
LETT, Papilio, vol. 3, p. 98, 1883.—Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat Mus., vol. 24, p. 748,
1902.—Meryricx, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 172, 1922.—
Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 242, 1923.
Depressaria groteella CHAMBERS, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Sury. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 188,
1878.—Ritzy, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5264,
1891.—Busck, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5890, 1903.—KeEArFort, in
Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6433, 1903.—Busck,
Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 200, 1908.—Barners and McDuNNovuGH, Check
list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6479, 1917.—TRaAver, Psyche,
vol. 26, p. 78, 1919.—BarneEs and Busck, Contr. Lepid. North America, vol. 4,
p. 238, 1920.—McDunnoucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and
the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8405, 1939.—
GaxpbE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 283, 1939.
Depressaria symmochlota Meyrick, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 2, p. 225, 1918.—
Fores, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 242, 1923-—-McDuNNovueH,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America
(Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8405, 19389 (cited as synonym of groteella
Chambers).
Labial palpus pale whitish ochreous; second segment irrorated with
fuscous exteriorly and suffused with fuscous in the brush; third seg-
ment with blackish-fuscous subbasal and supramedial annuli, the
former poorly defined. Head, thorax, and fore wing pale ochreous;
head infuscated above; collar blackish fuscous; tegula suffused and
thorax irrorated with fuscous; fore wing heavily overlaid with brown
and streaked and irrorated with blackish fuscous, especially along
veins; at basal third a whitish discal spot, followed at the end of cell
by a similarly colored spot; between the two a prominent, longi-
tudinal, blackish-fuscous streak; base of wing, in anal angle, blackish
fuscous rapidly fading to brown; from middle of costa, around ter-
men to inner margin, a series of blackish-fuscous spots; cilia light
fuscous with a darker fuscous, median band. Hind wing very pale
fuscous with considerable white scaling apically and with a narrow
blackish-fuscous terminal line; cilia pale fuscous, white tipped and
with a fuscous subbasal band. Legs pale whitish-ochreous overlaid
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—-CLARKE 193
and mottled with fuscous except at joints. Abdomen pale ochreous
slightly infuscated above and with a fuscous line (sometimes rather
poorly defined) on each side beneath.
Male genitalia—Harpe broad, sparsely clothed with long hairs;
cucullus pointed; clasper very broad, wider than half the width of
harpe, terminating in two widely separated points, one of which ex-
tends beyond ventral edge of harpe; sacculus short, narrowly folded.
Anellus a moderately sclerotized plate abruptly constricted posteriorly ;
posterior edge concave; anterior edge convex, produced laterally;
sides oblique; anterior end of anellus broader than posterior end.
Vinculum rounded. Transtilla a diamond-shaped plate with mod-
erately well-developed, hairy lobes. Aedeagus short, stout, with a
slight twist; vesica armed with very fine spinules. Tegumen and socii
greatly elongated, fused; socii with few hairs.
Female genitalia —Genital plate broad, moderately sclerotized with
a long row of hairs posteriorly; ostium a longitudinal slit between
raised edges. Ductus bursae a long membranous spiral; inception
of ductus seminalis just before the ostium. Bursa copulatrix large,
with a well-developed signum.
Alar expanse, 20-22 mm.
Type.—tIn American Museum of Natural History.
Type localities —“New York,” “Pennsylvania.”
Food plant —Corylus americana Walt.
Distribuiion.—Northeastern United States and eastern Canada.
United States records
Maine: Sebec Lake, 2 ¢ 46,2 92 (July 16-23).
New York: (no data).
Pennsylvania: (no data).
Canadian records
Manitoba: Aweme (July 8, 1925, R. Bird [rf. Corylus]).
Ontario: Bobcaygeon (June 28, 1931, J. MeDunnough [rf. Corylus]) ; Ottawa
(July 27, 1905, July 21, August 16, 1906, C. H. Young; June 21, 1927, J.
McDunnough).
Quebec: Aylmer (June 23, 1927, J. McDunnough [rf. Hazelwood]) ; Gracefield (no
other data) ; Kazubazua (June 80—July 4, 1927, J. McDunnough).
Remarks.—This and the following species (maculatella) are very
closely related. In superficial appearance grotella is much darker
than maculatella and the males can be easily separated on genitalic
characters. The female genitalia of grotella have a long row of hairs
on the posterior edge of the genital plate and the ostium is consider-
ably shorter than the width of the genital plate; in maculatella the
row of hairs is reduced to about half a dozen and the ostium is much
longer.
286614—41——_11
194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
DEPRESSARIA MACULATELLA Busck
PLATE 34, Fiaures 191-191b; PLATE 47, FIcuRE 275
Depressaria maculatella Buscx, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 9, p. 90, 1908.—
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 200, 1908.—Barnes and McDunnoueH,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6481, 1917.—Mevyrick,
in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 172, 1922.—Forprs, Cornell
Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 68, p. 242, 1928.—McDunnoucH, Check list
of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2,
Microlepidoptera), No. 8407, 1939.—GaArEprE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum cata-
logus, pt. 92, p. 287, 1939.
Labial palpus white; second segment irrorated with fuscous and
black and suffused with fuscous in the brush; third segment with
subbasal annulus and apex blackish fuscous. Antenna brown, broadly
annulated with dull ochreous-white; basal segment ochreous-white
beneath. Head, thorax, and ground color of fore wing ochreous-
white suffused with brown and irrorated and streaked with blackish
fuscous, with much ochreous scaling; at extreme base, from costa to
inner angle a transverse blackish fuscous line interrupted at middle
by the white ground color; at basal third a poorly defined white
discal spot preceded by some blackish fuscous scales; at the end of
cell a similar spot; between the two a conspicuous longitudinal, black-
ish-fuscous streak; veins 9 and 10 strongly marked with blackish
fuscous; the bases of the other veins less conspicuously so; on costa,
about middle, a blackish-fuscous spot; from apical third of costa,
around termen to inner margin, a series of blackish-fuscous spots;
cilia concolorous, white, with fuscous suffusion and irrorations. Hind
wing whitish fuscous, darker apically; cilia white with fuscous sub-
basal band. Legs whitish ochreous suffused and mottled with fus-
cous except at joints; metatarsus of fore leg white. Abdomen ochre-
ous, sparsely irrorated with blackish fuscous beneath.
Male genitalia—Harpe broad, without process from base of sacculus
or costal margin; sparsely clothed with long hairs; cucullus narrowly
rounded; clasper wide, flattened, extending beyond ventral edge of
harpe, terminating in one long and one short point; sacculus short,
broadly folded. Anellus a flat plate, constricted posteriorly; sides
strongly convex; posterior edge deeply concave; anterior edge pro-
duced laterally. Vinculum rounded. Transtilla roughly rectangu-
lar; without hairy lobes. Aedeagus short, stout, with a slight twist;
vesica armed with small spinules. Tegumen and socii greatly produced
posteriorly forming an elongated hood.
Female genitalia —Genital plate broad, moderately sclerotized with
a row of about half a dozen hairs posteriorly ; ostium narrow, elongate,
bordered on either side by a raised edge. Ductus bursae a long mem-
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 195
branous spiral; inception of ductus seminalis just before ostium.
Bursa copulatrix large, with a well-developed, though small signum.
Alar expanse, 21-23 mm.
Type.—tIn the United States National Museum.
Type locality —“Ontario,” Canada.
Food plant.—?
Distribution.—N ortheastern United States.
United States records
Connecticut: East River, ¢ (18—-VIII-1910, Chas. R. Ely).
New York: Ithaca, 2 292 (36-IX-35, J. G. Franclemont) ; Onteora Mountain,
@ (1927, L. O. Howard).
Ohio: Cincinnati, Q@ (19-LX-19038, A. F. Braun).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, 5 ¢¢ (August and September dates; H. D.
Merrick).
Remarks.—Although very close to grotella and betulella, this species
is distinct from both in genitalia and coloration. From grotella it
may be distinguished by the narrower clasper and from betulella by
the rectangular transtilla in the males; in the female it may be dis-
tinguished from grotella by the small number of hairs on the posterior
part of the genital plate and from betulella by the slitlike ostium.
DEPRESSARIA BETULELLA Busck
Puate 34, Fiaures 193-198b; PLate 47, FicurEes 276, 276a
Depressaria betulella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 746, 1902;
im Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5886, 1903; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 35, p. 200, 1908—Barnes and McDunnovucH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6480, 1917.—MeEyrick, in Wytsman,
Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 172, 1922.—Forpes, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp.
Stat. Memoir 68, p. 242, 1923.—McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8406, 1939.—GaEpE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 275,
1939.
Labial palpus light ochreous; second segment irrorated exteriorly
with black; third segment with indistinct subbasal and broad supra-
medial annuli, black. Antenna light ochreous with purplish-black
annulations; basal segment black above. Face pale whitish ochreous.
Head and thorax light ochreous, irrorated with brown; collar blackish
fuscous; tegula blackish fuscous. Fore wing light ochreous suffused
with fuscous and irrorated and streaked with black; extreme base of
costa and base of wing in inner angle black, the latter rapidly fading
to fuscous; at basal third, in cell, a whitish-ochreous discal spot pre-
ceded and followed by a few black scales; at the end of cell a similar
discal spot. At apical third a poorly defined, outwardly curved,
196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
narrow, pale ochreous fascia; from middle of costa, around termen
to inner margin, a series of pronounced black spots; cilia pale
ochreous strongly infuscated. Hind wing yellowish fuscous, darker
apically and with a narrow, blackish-fuscous line before cilia; cilia
whitish ochreous, banded with fuscous. Legs pale ochreous suffused
and mottled with blackish fuscous except at joints. Abdomen ochreous
suffused with fuscous above and with a blackish-fuscous line on each
side beneath.
Male genitalia—Harpe without process from base of sacculus or
costa; moderately clothed with long hairs; cucullus bluntly pointed;
clasper broad, less than half the width of harpe, flattened, extending be-
yond ventral margin and terminating in one long and one short point;
sacculus short, narrowly folded. Anellus a sclerotized plate abruptly
constricted posteriorly; posterior edge concave; anterior and lateral
edges convex, the former more than the latter; posterior edge pro-
duced laterally. Vinculum rounded. Transtilla a diamond-shaped
sclerotized plate with slightly developed hairy lobes. Aedeagus short,
stout, with a twist; vesica armed with many small spinules. Tegumen
and socii distinctly rounded, sparsely clothed with hairs.
Female genitalia—Genital plate broad, moderately sclerotized ex-
cept around the ostium where it is nearly membranous; the portion
of the plate surrounding the ostium is raised and roughly triangular
in shape (apex posteriorly). Ostium broadly oval. Ductus bursae
a long membranous spiral; inception of ductus seminalis well before
ostium. Bursa copulatrix large with well-developed signum.
Alar expanse, 20-23 mm.
Type.—tiIn United States National Museum.
Type locality —“Pennsylvania.”
Food plant.—Betula (sp. ?) ; Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) Koch.
Distribution—Northeastern United States and eastern Canada.
United States records
Connecticut: East River, 2 ¢ ¢ (14-VII-14; 2-VIII-10, Chas. R. Ely).
District of Columbia: 2 (‘11-VI-—’84’’).
New Jersey: Greenwood Lake, 2 9 9 (26—-VI, W. D. Kearfott).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, 13 ¢¢,8 992 (July to September dates, H. D.
Merrick).
Canadian records
Ontario: Biscotasing (August 16, 1931, K. Schedl) ; Bobcaygeon (July 5, 1932,
J. McDunnough) ; Ottawa (July 19-30, 1905 and 1906, C. H. Young).
Quebec: Meach Lake (July 23, 1933, C. H. Young) ; Otter Lake (August 6, 1931,
G. S. Walley).
Remarks.—This species is close to grotella and maculatella but is
amply distinct in genitalia (both male and female) and lacks the black
discal dash so prominent in both the other species.
REVISION OF THE CECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 197
6. APACHEA, new genus
PLATE “~; FIGURE 1G; PLATE 6, FIGURE 40; PLATE 13, FIGURES 86 86a, 86b ;
’ ’
PLATE 15, FIGURE 94
Genotype.—Depressaria barberella Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 24, p. 747, 1902.
Similar to Depressaria but with broadly triangular brush on second
segment of palpus, fused anellus and transtilla in the male genitalia
and with the signum of the female genitalia a distinct cross.
Head with appressed scales; side tufts spreading; tongue de-
veloped; antenna simple in both sexes; basal segment elongate, with
pecten. Labial palpus moderately long, recurved; third segment
nearly as long as second, acute; brush of second segment broadly
triangular, flared. Thorax with two small crests. Abdomen flat-
tened. Fore wing with 12 veins; 2 and 8 closely approximate; 7 and
8 stalked, 7 to costa; 11 from before middle. Hind wing broader
than fore wing; 8 veins; 8 and 4 short stalked, 5 separate from 4;
6 and 7 subparallel.
Male genitalia—Harpe with clasper. Anellus and transtilla fused.
Uncus distinctly wanting. Aedeagus armed. Gnathos a spined
knob. Socii wanting.
Female genitalia—Genital plate strongly sclerotized. Signum
present.
Larva.—Ninth abdominal segment with setae I and II well sep-
arated; setae VI on the same pinaculum with IV and V, remote from
VII. Setal group VII with multiple hairs (4 to 6) on abdominal
segments 2 to 7, trisetose on eighth and unisetose on ninth abdominal
segments. A few secondary hairs on anterior margin of prothoracic
shield and on anal prolegs. Ocelli normal. Submentum without pit.
Pupa—Pubescent. Prothoracic femora and labial palpi not
exposed. Cremaster absent.
Remarks.—This genus is closely allied to both Depressaria and
Agonopteria but appears to be a specialized offshoot from the
former. It can be distinguished readily from both by the fused anel-
lus and transtilla and armed aedeagus of male, the 4-pointed signum
of female, and the proximity of veins 2, 3, and 4 of fore wing.
In the larval stage Apachea is distinguished from other genera of
American Oecophoridae by the presence of secondary hairs in setal
group VII, a character which otherwise distinguishes the family
Ethmiidae. The pupa is typically oecophorid with essentially the
same characters as the pupae of Agonopteriw and Hofmannophila.
The genotype is the only species I have seen referable to this genus.
198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 90
APACHEA BARBERELLA (Busck), new combination
Depressaria barberella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 747, 1902.—
Buscxk, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5887, 1903.—KrArRFoTT, in
Smith, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6431, 1903.—
Buscx, Proe. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 200, 1908.—Barnres and McDun-
NouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6477, 1917.—MeEy-
RICK, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 180, p. 171, 1922 —McDunnoueH,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America
(Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8401, 1939—GarEpE, in Bryk, Lepidoptero-
rum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 275, 1989.
Male genitalia—Harpe clothed with fine hairs; clasper broad bas-
ally, flat, sharply pointed and situated near cucullus; sacculus narrow,
strongly sclerotized. Anellus consisting of a small sclerotized plate,
which is deeply cleft on the anterior margin; a narrow lightly scle-
rotized band connecting the above plate with a strongly sclerotized
rectangular part posteriorly; the posterior part consists of the trans-
tilla and part of the anellus which form a ring through which the
2edeagus passes; on the lateroposterior corner of the transtilla is a
conical, fleshy lobe. Vinculum produced anteriorly into a point.
Aedeagus stout, curved and sharply pointed, and armed with many
sharp teeth in the middle portion. Gnathos a spined oval knob.
Socii and uncus lacking (a few hairs indicate the position of the
socii).
Female genitalia—Genital plate moderately broad. Ostium large,
protruding, round, lateral margins slightly produced, winglike; an-
terior margin very narrow. Ductus bursae stout, sclerotized poste-
riorly ; inception of ductus seminalis well before ostium. Bursa copula-
trix large, elongate with a large cross-shaped signum in posterior end.
Alar expanse, 21-31 mm.
Type—In the United States National Museum.
Type locality —Williams, Ariz.
Food plant—Prunus sp.
Distribution.—Southwestern United States.
United States records
Arizona: Paradise, Cochise County, ¢ ; Santa Catalina Mountains, 4 ¢ 4,4 99
(June 10-24, 1918, Carl Heinrich [Hopkins No. 12114]); Huachuca
Mountains, ¢.
Colorado: Boulder 9 (April 15, T. D. A. Cockerell).
New Mexico: Jemez Springs, 2 ¢¢, 2 92 (April 8-15); Jemez Mountains,
6,600 feet, 4 66,12 (June 28-September 18, 1915, John Woodgate).
7. Genus MACHIMIA Clemens
PLATE 3, FicurE 26; PLATE 5, FIcURE 33; PLate 10, Ficures 70, 70a; PLate 14,
Fiaure 92
Machimia CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 211; Stainton,
Tineina of North America, p. 147-148, 1872.—ZexiER, Verh. zool.—bot. Ges.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 199
Wien, vol. 23, p. 239, 1873; Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., vol. 13, p. 258-259, 1877.—
Cuampers, U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 156, 1878.—BvuTLER, Trans.
Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 50.—WatsineHaM, Ins. Life, vol. 2, p. 150-151,
1889.—Ruirry, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 98,
1891.—Busck, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, p. 520, 1903.—KEarrort, in
Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 113, 1903.—Meyrick,
in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 180, p. 79, 1922.—FLercHErR, Mem.
Dept. Agr. India (Ent. Ser.), vol. 11, p. 131, 1929.—Garpr, in Bryk (part),
Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 88, p. 135, 1938. (Genotype: Machimia
tentoriferella Clemens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1861, p. 212.)
Labial palpus long, recurved; terminal segment shorter than
second, acute; second segment roughened beneath. Antenna strongly
ciliated in male, simple in female; basal segment without pecten.
Tongue well developed.
Fore wing with costa slightly arched, termen slightly oblique,
weakly concave; 12 veins; 2 remote from 3; 3, 4 and 5 approximate,
7 and 8 stalked, 7 to termen just below apex; 11 from before middle.
Hind wing as broad as fore wing; apex rounded, termen oblique;
8 veins; 3 and 4 connate or short stalked, 6 and 7 parallel at base,
divergent distally; discocellulars inwardly oblique between 38 and ‘%.
Male genitalia —Clasper present. Anellus with lateral projections.
Gnathos spined. Vesica armed (¢entoriferella). Sociiabsent. Uncus
well developed.
Female genitalia.— Signum absent. Ductus bursae partly
sclerotized.
Larva.—Characters essentially as in Agonopteriz: Ninth abdominal
segment with setae I and II well separated; seta VI not on the same
pinaculum with IV and V, remote from VII. Setal group VII bisetose
on first and seventh, unisetose on eighth and ninth abdominal seg-
ments. Ocelli normal. Submentum without pit.
Pupa—Smoocth. Prothoracic femora and labial palpi not exposed.
Cremaster absent.
Remarkes—The absence of the cremaster distinguishes the pupa of
this genus from Carcina.
I agree with Meyrick ** in separating Machimia from Cryptolechia
but cannot agree with his synonymizing of Hoplitica with M achimia.
The former does not agree with the latter at all on genitalia. Meyrick
also places in synonymy the three following Australian genera:
Garrha WaAtKer, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection
of the British Museum, vol. 35, p. 1835, 1866. (Genotype: Garrha sincerella
Walker.)
Hoplomorpha Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 41, p. 873, 1916.
(Genotype: Oryptolechia abalienella Walker, List of the specimens of
lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, vol. 29, p. 762,
1864. )
85 Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 180, p. 79, 1922.
200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Lepidozancla Turner, ibid., vol. 41, p. 375, 1916. (Genotype: Lepidozancla
zatrephes Turner, ibid., vol. 41, p. 876, 1916.)
It does not seem likely that these genera and Machimia are con-
generic, but until the genitalia of the genotypes are carefully studied
we must accept Meyrick’s classification.
Busck *° and Walsingham *’ have correctly separated Pszlocorsis
from Cryptolechia and Machimia, on the distance of veins 2, 3, and 4
from each other, but have synonymized the latter two. As stated
above, I follow Meyrick in the separation of Cryptolechia and Mach-
imia, his contention being borne out by genitalic as well as palpal
characters. Of the American species formerly included in this genus
all but tentoriferella are referable to other genera.
MACHIMIA TENTORIFERELLA Clemens
Machinia tentoriferella CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p.
212; in Stainton, The Tineina of North America, p. 148, 1872.—-CHAMBERS,
U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, pp. 120, 156, 1878.—RuiLry, in Smith,
List of Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5225, 1891.—Buscx, in Dyar,
U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5853, 1903; Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 5,
p. 205, 1908.—KEaARFoTT, in Smith, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, No. 6396, 1908.—MeEyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase.
180, p. 82, 1922—KtercHEer, Mem. Dept. Agr. India (Ent. Ser.), vol. 11,
p. 131, 1929.—GarnE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 88, p. 148,
1938.—McDunnouaH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the
United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 83883, 1939.
Machimia tentorifuella CHAMBERS, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 83,
1878.
Cryptolechia tentoriferella (Clemens) ZetLer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 23,
p. 238, 1873; Hor. Soe. Ent. Ross., vol. 13, p. 259, 1877.—CHambsrs, U. S.
Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 187, 1878—Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 35, p. 195, 1908.—Barnres and McDuNNnoucH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6424, 1917—Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr.
Exp. Stat., Memoir 68, p. 285, 1923; in Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp.
Stat. Memoir 101, p. 544, 1928.
Depressaria fernaldella CHAMBERS, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 83,
1878.
Depressaria confertella WALKER, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects
in the collection of the British Museum, vol. 29, p. 563, 1864—WALSINGHAM,
Proe. Zool. Soe. London, 1881, p. 312.
Machimia confertella (Walker) McDuNnNoucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8383, 1989 (cited as synonym of M. tentoriferella Clemens).
Machimia fernaldella (Chambers) McDuNNovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8383, 19389 (cited as synonym of WM. tentoriferella Clemens).
Labial palpus pale yellowish white; second segment strongly suf-
fused with blackish fuscous exteriorly on basal half; basal third,
36 Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 194, 1908.
3? Walsingham, Biol. Centr.-Amer, Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 122, 1912.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 201
inwardly, irrorated with blackish fuscous. Antenna ochreous, annu-
lated with fuscous. Head pale whitish ochreous. Thorax and fore
wing reddish ochreous, sparsely irrorated with blackish fuscous; at
basal third, in cell, a blackish-fuscous spot followed by a similar one
at the end of cell; on vein 1c, about equidistant from both discal dots,
a third blackish-fuscous spot; from costa, about middle, a row of
blackish-fuscous spots to vein 7 then sharply angulated to inner margin
at about two-thirds; around termen a series of small, blackish-fuscous
spots; cilia ochreous. Hind wing fuscous with reddish cast; cilia
ochreous with a fuscous subbasal band. Legs ochreous, heavily over-
laid with fuscous except at joints. Abdomen ochreous, irrorated and
suffused with blackish fuscous.
Male genitalia—Harpe long, narrow, slightly clothed with hairs;
cucullus rounded; clasper small, stout, pointed; sacculus narrowly
folded. Anellus with lateral projections well developed. Gnathos
large, spined. Aedeagus large, stout; vesica armed with numerous
strong cornuti. Socii undeveloped; uncus broad, spoon-shaped.
Female genitalia—Bursa copulatrix without signum. Ductus
bursae membranous except just before ostium, there sclerotized.
Alar expanse, 19-28 mm.
Types.—In the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ten-
toriferella); in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,
Mass. (?) (fernaldelia) ; in the British Museum (confertella).
Type localities—Unknown (tentoriferella) ; Maine (fernaldella) ;
Nova Scotia (confertella).
Food plants—Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh., Cephalanthus
occidentalis L., Syringa vulgaris L., apple, cherry, elm, hazel, hickory,
oak,
Distribution—Eastern United States and eastern Canada.
United States records
District of Columbia: Washington, 7 ¢¢ (17-I-X—1884, no collector; 16-10-
82, no collector; 1-6-XI-1914 and 27-IX—1933, A. Busck).
Iowa: Iowa City, 2 (September 1917, A. W. Lindsey) ; Sioux City, ¢ (Septem-
ber 3, 1921, A. W. Lindsey).
Maine: 2 92 (one September 28, 1909; the other without date or collector).
Maryland: Plummers Island, 3 ¢¢ (29-IX-1905, A. Busck); ¢ (October 4,
1932, George P. Engelhardt).
Massachusetts: Cambridge, ¢ (no date or collector) ; Newton Highlands, ¢ (no
date) ; Springfield, 2 992 (9-IX-1897 and 30-VII-1897, George Dimmock,
Nos, 1204, 1208).
Michigan: St. Clair County, ¢ (September 1, 1927; no collector).
New Hampshire: Canobie Lake, 9 (14-IX-1892, George Dimmock, No. 1054).
New Jersey: Elizabeth, 9 (“9-19,” A. J. Weidt) ; Essex County, 2 92 (27-IX-
1902, W. D. Kearfott) ; Montclair, ¢, @ (10-IX-1899, 25-IX-1899, W. D.
Kearfott) ; Woodside, ¢ (“9-19”, A. J. Weidt).
202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
New York: Tlion, 9 (23-[X—1911, H. McElhose) ; Kendall, ¢, 2 92 (no date;
H. §S. Burnett); Onteora Mountain, Greene County, ¢ (1-IX-1929, L. O.
Howard) ; Staten Island, 2 ¢ ¢ (17-IX—1902, no collector) ; Utica, Q (4-IX—
1911, H. McHthose).
Ohio: Cincinnati, ¢ (20-LX—1909, A. F. Braun).
Pennsylvania: Arendtsville,2 ¢ ¢ (2-IX-1918 ; 11-IX-1918, S. W. Frost) ; Hazel-
ton, 6 (no date; Dr. Dietz) ; New Brighton, 7 ¢¢,4 292 (September and
October dates, 1902-1905, H. D. Merrick) ; Oak Station, Allegheny County,
8 64,4 22 (September dates, 1908-1911, Fred Marloff).
Rhode Island: Newport, 2 ¢ ¢ (no date; W. Barnes) ; Weekapaug, 2 2 2 (Sep-
tember 14, 1904, H. G. Dyar).
Virginia: Falls Church, 2 2 2 (19-IX—1913 and 1-X-1918, C. Heinrich [Hopkins
No. 11132b]).
Canadian records
Ontario: Bobcaygeon (August 16-28, 1932, J. McDunnough) ; Ottawa (August
27, 1905; August 21-26, 1931, C. H. Young).
Remarks.—The habit of feeding on a large assortment of food
plants is unusual for species of this family, and I know no other in
North America that is such a general feeder.
8. HIMMACTIA, new genus
PLATE 4, Figures 31, 32; PLATE 9, Ficures 64, 64a; PLATE 18, Figure 110
Genotype.—Cryptolechia huachucella Busck, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 35, p. 195, 1908.
Labial palpus long, slender, recurved; terminal segment shorter
than second, acute; second segment slightly roughened beneath. An-
tenna strongly ciliated in male, simple in female; basal segment with-
out pecten. Tongue well developed.
Fore wing with costa slightly arched, termen slightly oblique,
straight; 12 veins; 2 rather distant from 3; 4 and 5 closely approxi-
mate; 7 and 8 stalked; 7 to apex; 11 from before middle.
Hind wing as broad as fore wing, apex rather pointed, termen
oblique, slightly convex; 8 veins; 3 and 4 connate; 6 and 7 subpar-
allel; discocellulars strongly outwardly oblique between 4 and 6;
inwardly oblique between 6 and 7.
Male genitalia —Harpe with clasper. Gnathos broad, spined. Socii
absent. Vesica armed. Uncus present.
Female genitalia—Signum present. Ostium large.
Remarks—This genus appears to be closely allied to Machimia,
Psilocorsis, and Inga. It may be distinguished from all these genera
by the direction of the discocellulars of the hind wing. The male
genitalia differ from those of Machiméa in lacking the lateral proc-
esses of the anellus, from /nga in having a spined gnathos, and from
Psilocorsis in possessing a clasper. The female genitalia differ from
those of Machimia and Inga in possessing a signum; from Psilocorsis
in having a single bursa. The only species I have seen that is refer-
able to this genus is the genotype.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 203
HIMMACIA HUACHUCELLA (Busck), new combination
Cryptolechia huachucella Busck, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 195, 1908.—
BARNES and McDunnougH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America,
No. 6421, 1917.
Machimia huachucella (Busck) Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc.
180, p. 82, 1922.—GarEDrE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 88, p. 139,
1938.—McDunNouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the
United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8381, 1939.
Cryptolechia diligenda Meyrick, Hxotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 8, p. 477, 1928.
(New synonymy.)
Labial palpus ochreous-white with reddish tinge; second segment
shaded with brown exteriorly on basal half and with an indistinct
rose-red shade at apex; third segment with an indistinct, brown sub-
basal annulus and a narrow, indistinct, longitudinal blackish line
anteriorly. Antenna ochreous-white suffused with salmon above;
basal segment red above; in male the antenna is strongly cilate (about
4). Face shining ochreous-white. Head, thorax, and fore wing
unicolorous salmon-ochreous; costa slightly more red. Cilia pale
ochreous preceded by sparse, red irrorations. Hind wing light
ochreous-fuscous slightly darker around margins; cilia ochreous.
Legs ochreous-white suffused with dark brown exteriorly except at
joints. Abdomen ochreous-white suffused with reddish-ochreous
above.
Male genitalia—Harpe slender, clothed with hairs; clasper long,
slender, nearly attaining costa; cucullus rounded, narrow; sacculus
broadly folded, strongly sclerotized. Anellus a simple V-shaped
plate. Aedeagus long, slightly bent; vesica armed with 5 or 6 strong,
sharply pointed cornuti and two triangular, sclerotized plates, each
with a finely serrated edge. Vinculum broadly pointed. Transtilla
membranous with well developed lateral, hairy lobes. Gnathos broad,
armed with spines. Uncus moderately short, curved, pointed.
Female genitalia —Genital plate simple. Ostium very large, nearly
as wide as plate. Ductus bursae sclerotized just before ostium and
also before the inception of the ductus seminalis; inception of ductus
seminalis at posterior two-thirds of ductus bursae. Bursa copulatrix
large, round; signum a simple, small, sclerotized plate with median
keel, and situated in posterior part of bursa copulatrix.
Alar expanse, 21-25 mm.
Type—tIn the United States National Museum (hwachucella) ; in
the British Museum (diligenda).
Type localittes—Huachuca Mountains, Ariz. (huachucella) ;
“Texas” (diligenda).
Distribution—Southwestern United States.
204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
United States records
Arizona: Baboquivari Mountains, Pima County, 3 ¢¢ (15-30 July 1924, O. C.
Poling) ; Huachuca Mountains, 3 ¢ ¢; Palmerlee, Cochise County, 5 ¢ 4,
2992; Redington, 2 ¢¢.
Texas: No further data.
Remarks.—The description of diligenda agrees in every detail with
the type of huachucella so there appears to be no doubt about the
synonymy.
9. Genus PSILOCORSIS Clemens
PLATE 3, Ficure 24; PLATE 5, Ficure 38; PLATE 8, Ficures 59, 59a; PLAte 17,
FIGuRE 105
Psilocorsis CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 12, p. 212, 1860;
in Stainton, Tineina of North America, p. 149-151, 1872.—Zetier, Verh.
z00l.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 23, p. 239, 1873.—Buscx, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington,
vol. 5, p. 207, 1903; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 196, 1908.—WaLsINGHAM,
Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 118-119, 1912.—BarNrs
and McDunnoucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 160,
1917.—Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 235-236, 1923.—
Brimitrty, The insects of North Carolina, p. 304, 1988. (Genotype:
Psilocorsis quercicella Clemens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 12,
p. 212, 1860.)
Hagno CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., vol. 4, p. 129-132, 191, 1872; Journ. Cincinnati Soe.
Nat. Hist., vol. 2, p. 198, 1880. (Genotype: Hagno faginella Chambers, Can.
Ent., vol. 4, p. 131, 1872.)
Labial palpus long, slender, smooth, always with conspicuous longi-
tudinal stripes; terminal segment scarcely shorter than second. An-
tenna simple, without pecten on basal segment; tongue well developed.
Fore wing with costa arched, termen slightly oblique, straight; 12
veins; 2 from near angle, 3-5 approximate, 5 and 6 parallel, 7 and 8
stalked, 7 to apex, 11 from before middle of cell.
Hind wing as broad as fore wing; apex rounded, termen oblique; 8
veins; 3 and 4 connate or short stalked, 5 equidistant from 4 and 6;
6 and 7 nearly parallel, slightly divergent at tip.
Male genitalia—Harpe long, narrow, without clasper, moderately
clothed with hairs. Anellus membranous, with long, fingerlike lateral
lobes. Aedeagus stout; vesica armed with one or more strong cornuti.
Gnathos large, broad, spined. Uncus simple. Socii absent.
Female genitalia—Signum large, many branched. Bursa copula-
trix double.
Larva.—Ninth abdominal segment with setae I and II well separated.
Seta VI closely associated and on the same pinaculum with setae
IV and V. Setal group VII (as in Agonopterix) bisetose on first and
seventh, unisetose on eighth and ninth abdominal segments. Ocelli
normal, Submentum without pit.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 205
Pupa.—Smooth. Prothoracic femora exposed. Labial palpi not
exposed. Cremaster present (short but distinctly developed), straight
(not hooklike).
Remarks.—This genus is remarkably homogeneous and the species,
for the most part, are difficult to separate.
The larva is at once distinguished from larvae of other American
oecophorid genera (studied) by the above association of setae IV, V,
and VI of the ninth abdominal segment on a single pinaculum.
The pupa is characterized by exposed femora, developed cremaster
and lack of exposed labial palpi and absence of pubescence.
The specific separation, based on genitalia, is especially difficult
in the males. The simplicity of the genital structures and the similar-
ity in the armature of the vesica prohibit the selection of suitable
characters for keying out the larger part of the species. A key is pre-
sented, but when more preparations of the genitalia are made and
larger series of bred specimens are studied the characters used may
prove unstable.
The females appear to possess better characters for separation.
Although the sclerotized portions of the ductus bursae are strik-
ingly similar and, with few exceptions, useless for separating the
species, I believe the number of branches on the signa are relatively
constant within a species. With this in mind I have used the signa,
in most cases, for separating the various species.
As good superficial characters for the separation of species are
lacking, I have used alar expanse in several cases. This is ad-
mittedly weak but is the only tangible character available. Large
bred series will, in some cases, render the use of alar expanse value-
less, but for the present we must rely upon it.
Busck ** placed seven species in the genus. Gibson *° added fletch-
erella in 1909 and I have described one other (caryae) as new in
this paper. I have made ferruginosa a synonym of faginella because I
can find nothing except its lighter color on which to base separation.
Two of the species are retained only because I do not feel justified
in placing them in synonymy on present evidence, bringing to eight
the total number of described species from North America.
Despite the fact that we have many food-plant records compara-
tively little is known of the larvae. Two species, obsoletella and
quercicella, can be separated easily on larval characters, but we
know nothing about the characters of the larvae of the other species.
The larvae, with one or two exceptions, feed on the leaves of trees
and shrubs and pupate between two tied leaves.
38 Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 197, 1908.
39 Gibson, A., Ottawa Nat., vol. 22, p. 226, 1909.
2°06 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
At present I have before me several species that appear to be
distinct from those already described, but their description must
await the receipt of more carefully reared material accompanied
by larvae that have been properly associated with the moths.
The generic synonymy as given by Meyrick,*® cannot be considered
correct for our North American species. Until more careful study
of all the genotypes can be made we must accept Meyrick’s synonymy
for the species outside of North American, but the American
genera (Pstlocorsis and Inga) certainly do not belong with Crypto-
lechia. The double bursa and the remarkable signum of the females
of Psilocorsis immediately distinguish this genus from all other
American oecophorids.
KEY TO SPECIES OF PSILOCORSIS BASED PRIMARILY ON
COLORATION
1. Fore wing with a broad, dark, transverse fascia at outer two-
thirds. = 228 32222 eo. ae ee ee eens obsoletella (Zeller) (p. 209)
Fore wing without such fastia..3t<4- 2. a ee ee 2
2. Fore wing with distinct purplish luster; species dark colored_____------- 3
Fore wing without purplish luster, or if this is present, it is only
faintly medicated: light-colored species=-.- = 2 2 ee eee 4
SorAlarexpanse 19 imi, 2 es Ee Se ee ee fletcherella Gibson (p. 216)
Marexpanse LSimmit orless24- Sa sae eee caryae, new species (p. 215)
4. (Mlariexpanse 18 mm -OTmmores222 ees eee Sei es Se oe ee eee ee 5
Aldrexpanses|6 mm. orless tl. 2 2 ee quercicella Clemens (p. 207)
5. Fore wing with dark markings confined to the outer discal spot
and a few spots around termen_-_-__-_- faginella (Chambers) (part) (p. 213)
Hore: wing) Other wisess set foo u ee Pee eRe ee Ee Sh Se ee ce os eee eee 6
6:. Thorax much darker than head!=_-----=--=222-- reflexella Clemens (p. 212)
Thorax and head nearly concolorous___ faginella (Chambers) (part) (p. 218)
KEY TO SPECIES OF PSILOCORSIS BASED PRIMARILY ON
MALE GENITALIA
1.” First abdominal sezment with hair/pencil-= 2-222 ee 2
First abdominal segment without hair pencil_____..__.____--__-_____-- 3
2. Vescica armed with one large cornutus and a patch of smaller
ones (igi: 138)4. see on. See ee eis obsoletella (Zeller) (p. 209)
Vesica armed only with a patch of small cornuti (fig. 59a)
quercicella Clemens (p. 207)
3. Base of large cornutus broad, strongly sclerotized; the cornutus
short; stout; curved (Hgs: 131, 184)l Jeu seek ee eee eee 4
Base of large cornutus not appreciably broadened and weakly
sclerotized; the cornutus straight, nearly as long as distal
width, of ‘aedeseas (ies 132)2. 4 on eee caryae, new species (p. 215)
4. Vinculum broad ventrally a= ee faginella (Chambers) (p. 218)
Vanculuminarrowiaventral yee e a ee reflexella Clemens (p. 212)
40 Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, pp. 195-196, 1922.
41 In this couplet dubitatella (Zeller) and cryptolechiella (Chambers) should be included, but they have
been omitted because of the lack of information concerning them.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 207
KEY TO SPECIES OF PSILOCORSIS BASED ON FEMALE GENITALIA
1. Ductus bursae dilated before ostium (figs. 217, 220) ------------------- 2
Ductus bursae not dilated before ostium (fig. 105)
quercicella Clemens (p. 207)
2, Ostium and sclerotized portion of ductus bursae well separated
7 7) Ee ct eT obsoletella (Zeller) (p. 209)
Ostium and sclerotized portion of ductus bursae contiguous
Cape (eee ton eee Senn see ae en aT a ag on 3
3. Branches of the signum 22-24 on each side (fig. 222)
reflexella Clemens (p. 212)
Branches of the signum 21 or less on each side (figs. 218, 221)---------- 4
4. Branches of the signum 15-16 on each side (fig. 221)
fletcherella Gibson (p. 216)
Branches of the signum 17-21 on Gachisidese_ Ltrs Sea es eh ee Ses S= = 5
5. Sclerotized anterior band of genital plate broad (fig. 217)
faginella (Chambers) (p. 213)
Sclerotized anterior band of genital plate narrow (fig. 219)
caryae, new species (p. 215)
PSILOCORSIS QUERCICELLA Clemens
PLate 3, Figure 24; PLATE 5, FIGURE 38; PLATE 8, Ficures 59, 59a; PLATE 17,
FIGURE 105
Psilocorsis quercicella CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1259p; 212,
1860; in Stainton, Tineina of North America, P. 147, 1872—Busck, Proc.
Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 5, p. 206, 1903.—Kearrotr, in Smith, Check
List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6390, 1903.—Busck, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, D. 197, 1908.—WALSINGHAM, Biol. Centr.-Amer.,
Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 118, 119, 1912.—BaRrNES and McDUNNOUGH,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6425, 1917.—ForBEs,
Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 68, p. 285, 1923; in Leonard, Cornell
Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 101, p. 545, 1928.—FLETCHER, Mem. Dept. Agr.
India (Ent. Ser.), vol. 11, p. 190, 1929.—_Brimiey, The insects of North
Carolina, p. 304, 1938.
Cryptolechia quercicella (Clemens) ZELLER, Verh. zool.-bots. Ges. Wien, vol. 23, D.
240, 1873.—CHAMBERS, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 120, 137,
1878.—WALSINGHAM, Ins. Life, vol. 2, p. 151, 1889.—RILEY, in Smith, List
of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5228, 1891.—Bvusck, in Dyar, U. S.
Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5851, 1903.—MeEyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insec-
torum, fase. 180, p. 197, 1922.—_McDunnoucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8473, 1939.
Psilocorsis querciella CHAMBERS, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 162,
1878.
Head and thorax dark yellowish brown. Second segment of labial
palpus ochreous with the usual dark fuscous longitudinal stripe be-
neath; third segment fuscous with median and lateral longitudinal
whitish stripes. Basal segment of antenna dark yellowish brown
above with fuscous and white longitudinal stripes beneath; remainder
of antenna whitish ochreous with longitudinal fuscous stripes, the
latter breaking up into spots toward the distal end. Fore wing yel-
lowish brown mottled with short fuscous lines and spots; at the end
of cell a blackish-fuscous spot; around termen a narrow blackish
fuscous line; before tornus, on inner margin, a fuscous shading ; ciha
208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
fuscous with a slightly darker subbasal band. Hind wing and cilia
pale ochreous-fuscous. Legs whitish ochreous, the fore tibiae and
tarsi shaded with fuscous. Abdomen yellowish brown above, whitish-
ochreous beneath.
Hair pencil from first abdominal segment of male strongly
developed.
Male genitalia —Harpe slightly longer than twice its width; sac-
culus ill defined, narrow, weakly sclerotized. Anellus a broad, oval,
weakly sclerotized plate with a small, broadly obtuse, strongly scle-
rotized base; lateral fingerlike lobes hardly exceeding central plate,
broadly dilated distally. Aedeagus stout, acutely pointed. Vesica
armed with a large patch of strong, but slender, cornuti.
Female genitalia.—Genital plate membranous except for a narrow
sclerotized band at anterior edge. Ostium small, round. Ductus
bursae slender, slightly sclerotized just before ostium and before
ductus seminalis; inception of ductus seminalis well before ostium.
Signum with 17 to 19 branches on each side.
Alar expanse, 13-16 mm.
Type.—tin the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Type locality —Pennsylvania?
Food plant.—Oak.
Distribution —Eastern United States and Canada.
United States records
District of Columbia: 6 66,5 929 (April, July, and August dates, 1900 and
1910, A. Buseck): 2¢ ¢ (July 31, 1885, C. V. Riley).
Hilinois: Putnam County, ¢ (10—VIII-1939, M. O. Glenn).
Maryland: Hyattsville, 2 ¢ ¢ (7-VII-1918, 21-VII-1918, A. Busck).
New Jersey: Anglesea, 2 ¢¢, 2 (V-30-1905, W. D. Kearfott) ; Essex County,
Park, 2 (‘20 May,” W. D. Kearfott).
New York: Bellport, ¢ (1-VI-1902, H. G. Dyar); Ramapo, ¢ (27—V-1900,
W. D. Kearfott).
Ohio: Cincinnati, 2 9 2 (14-VIII-1907; 29-V-1907, A. F. Braun).
Pennsylvania: Beaver County, 2 6¢, 2 22 (May 1900, Kemp coll.) ; New
Brighton, ¢, 222 (14-19-VIII-1903, H. D. Merrick).
Virginia: Great Falls, 9 (25-IX—1914, A. F. Kneale).
Canadian records
Ontario: Ottawa (July 13-24, 1906; April 13-16, 1935, C. H. Young).
Remarks.—Although this and the following species closely resemble
each other they may be distinguished quite easily. The transverse
dark markings of guercicella are broken and in the form of small
spots and there is usually a dark spot on the hind margin of the fore
wing at two-thirds. The transverse markings of obsoletella are more
evenly strigose and the dark suffusion of the fore wing at two-thirds
is usually in the form of a band across the wing.
The larva of guercicella has the three thoracic segments darkened ;
in obsoletella only the prothorax is darkened.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 209
PSILOCORSIS OBSOLETELLA (Zeller)
PLATE 22, Ficure 183; Puate 40, Figure 220
Cryptolechia obsoletella ZELLER, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 23, p. 242, 1873.—
CHAMBERS, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Sury. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 187, 1878.— WALSINGHAM,
Ins. Life, vol. 2, p. 151, 1889.—Ritey, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, No. 5221, 1891.—Buscxk, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52,
No. 5849, 1903; Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 5, p. 206, 1908.—Meryrick, in
Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 197, 1922—McDunnovuauH, Check
list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2,
Microlepidoptera), No. 8471, 1939.
Psilocorsis obsoletella (Zeller) Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 197,
1908.—BarNnes and McDuNNouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, No. 6426, 1917.—Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 68,
p. 236, 1923; in Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 101, p. 545,
1928,
Psilocorsis quercicella KEARFOTT, part (not Clemens) in Smith, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6390, 1903.
This species is much like quercicella, but the fuscous shading
before the tornus extends entirely across the wing in the form of a more
or less conspicuous band. The fuscous markings of the fore wing
are longer, narrower, and more numerous. The abdomen is light
grayish fuscous above. All other characters practically as in
quercicella,
First abdominal segment of male with well-developed hair pencil.
Male genitalia—Harpe rather heavily clothed with hairs; sacculus
narrow, ill defined, weakly sclerotized. Anellus a weakly sclerotized,
more or less oval plate with a small crescent-shaped base; lateral
fingerlike lobes slender, small. Aedeagus stout, sharply bent, acutely
pointed; vesica armed with one long stout cornutus and a patch of
small spiculate cornuti. Gnathos very broad, strongly spined lat-
erally, weakly spined ventrally.
Female genitalia—Genital plate membranous except for a nar-
row, sclerotized anterior band; ostium small, round. Ductus bursae
membranous except for a narrow sclerotized band before ostium and
a sclerotized, dilated portion well before the inception of ductus
seminalis. Inception of ductus seminalis just before the sclerotized
band which precedes the ostium. Branches of signum 19 to 20 on
each side; the entire inner surface of the signum-bearing half of the
bursa copulatrix strongly spiculate.
Alar expanse, 13-17 mm.
Type.—tIn the British Museum.
Type locality—Ohio.
Food plant.—Oak; chestnut?
Distribution—Kastern and southern United States.
286614—41——12
210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
United States records
District of Columbia: 138 ¢¢,9 92 (July and August dates, 1899-1900, A.
Busck).
Illinois: Decatur, 2 6¢ (“May 16-23”); Putnam County, ¢ (14-VIII-1989,
M. O. Glenn).
Maryland: Hyattsville, ¢, @ (1907,” A. Busck); Plummers Island, 6 ¢ 4,
4 92 (May, June, July, September dates, A. Busck).
Massachusetts: Marthas Vineyard, 3 ¢ ¢ (VII-15 to VII-29-1931, F. M. Jones).
Missouri: St. Louis, ¢ (V-15-1904, H. McElhose); “central Missouri’ @ @
( “4-14-84,” “5-5-89’’).
New Jersey: Anglesea, 2 (V-30-05, W. D. Kearfott) ; Essex County Park, 2 9
(26-I[X-02, W. D. Kearfott).
Ohio: Cincinnati, 3 ¢¢,2 22 (V-29-06, V-21-07, VI-9-07, VIII-10-14, A. F.
Braun).
Pennsylvania: Nicholson, ¢ (VII-4-1904, A. H. Lister).
Texas: Kerrville, 2 ¢6¢,2 99 (IV-11-1907, F. C. Pratt); ¢, “Texas” (“18-5,”
Belfrage). ;
Virginia: Cape Henry, @ (8—9-27, A. Busck) ; Falls Church (6,2 9 9, 22-29-
VII-1914, Carl Heinrich) ; ¢ (June 2, 1920, Kneale and Heinrich).
Remarks.—The distinguishing characters of this and quercicella
have been discussed under the latter.
Although obdsoletella and quercicella cover much of the same range,
the former appears to be the more widely distributed of the two.
Much more rearing must be done to establish the limits of both.
PSILOCORSIS CRYPTOLECHIELLA (Chambers)
Depressaria cryptolechiella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., vol. 4, p. 91, 1872.—Buscx,
Proc. Ent. Soe. Washington, vol. 5, p. 206, 1908.
Hagno cryptolechiella (Chambers) CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., vol. 4, p. 131, 1872.—
BrRAvN, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 49, p. 350, 1924.
Cryptolechia cryptolechiella (Chambers) CHAmprrs, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv.
Terr. Bull. 4, p. 116, 1878.—Meryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum,
fase. 180, p. 197, 1922—McDunnovuaeH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8474, 1939.
Psilocorsis cryptolechiella (Chambers) Kerarrorr, in Smith, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6391, 1903.—Buscxk, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 35, p. 197, 1908.—Barnrs and McDunnoucH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6432, 1917.—Forbes, Cornell Univ. Agr.
Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 236, 1923.
Cryptolechia cryptolechiaeella CHAMBERS, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull.
4, p. 84, 187, 1878.
Cryptolechia quercicella WALSINGHAM (part) (not Clemens), Ins. Life, vol. 2,
p. 151, 1889.—Ritry (part), im Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, No. 5223, 1891.—BuscxK (part), in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52,
No. 5851, 1903.
Alar expanse, 15 mm.
Type.—Lost.
Type locality —Kentucky ?
Food plant.—Holly?
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 211
Remarks.—This species is unknown to me, but I am retaining the
name for the present in anticipation of the rediscovery of the species.
It appears to be nearest to, if not synonymous with, obsoletella.
For the sake of completeness I give a copy of the original description:
“Third joint of the palpi black, with a narrow longitudinal white
line on each side. Second joint pale yellow with a narrow longi-
tudinal black line beneath. Antennae pale yellow, checkered above
with black and with a narrow longitudinal black line on each side
of the basal portion. Head, thorax and base of the anterior wings
dull reddish-orange; anterior wings to the naked eye, pale golden,
with the lustre of “watered” silk, produced by a multitude of trans-
verse, narrow, wavy, dark brown lines, as seen under the lens; six
small dark brown spots in a row around the apex, to the naked eye
appearing like a narrow marginal line. Ciliae pale fuscous, with a
silvery lustre and a somewhat darker hinder marginal line at their
base. Hind wings yellowish-white with a silky lustre.”
PSILOCORSIS DUBITATELLA (Zeller)
Cryptolechia (Psilocorsis) dwbitatella ZELLER, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., vol. 18, p. 262,
1877.
Cryptolechia dubdbitatella (Zeller) Meyrick, in WytSman, Genera insectorum,
fase. 180, p. 197, 1922—McDunnovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Mierolepidoptera), No.
8469, 1939.
Psilocorsis dubitatella (Zeller) Busck, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 5, p. 206,
1903.—KeEarrort, in Smith, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America,
No. 6893, 1903.—Buscx, Proce. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 197, 1908.—BarNes
and McDuNnNoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No.
6429, 1917.—ForBes, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir. 68, p. 236, 1923.
Cryptolechia quercicella Walsingham [not Clemens], Ins. Life, vol. 2, p. 151,
1889.— RILEY, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5223,
1891.—Buscx, in Dyar, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5851, 1903.
Alar expanse, 16 mm. (334’”’").
Type.—Zoological Museum, Berlin.
Type locality —“North America.”
Food plant—Unknown.
Remarks.—I do not know this species. Following is a copy of the
original description:
“Capillis et thorace ochraceis, palpis linea longitudinali nigra sig-
natis; alis ant. subelongatis, ochraceis, obsolete transverse strigulatis,
puncto venae transversae obsoleto fusco, nebula cinerea inferius addita,
punctis marginalibus nigris superius majusculus, ciliis fusco-cinereis.
Q Bh
There seems to be considerable difference of opinion regarding the
proper placement of this species. Walsingham considers it a synonym
of quercicella and Forbes suggests its synonymy with odsoletella. I
212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
am inclined to believe that the latter view is correct, but we must wait
for a more careful study of the type and the discovery of the larva to
settle the matter.
PSILOCORSIS REFLEXELLA Clemens
PLaAte 22, Figure 131; Prats 40, Ficure 222
Psilocorsis reflerella CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol, 12,
p. 218, 1860; in Stainton, Tineina of North America, p. 150, 1872.—Buscx,
Proc. Ent. Soe. Washington, vol. 5, p. 207, 1903.—Kerarrort, in Smith, Check
list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6394, 1903—Buscxk, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 197, 1908—WatsincHAM, Biol. Centr.-Amer.,
Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 119, 1912—Barnes and McDuNNouGH,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6427, 1917.—Forpxs,
Cornell Uniy. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 238, 1923; in Leonard, Cornell
Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 101, p. 545, 1928.—Procrrr, Biological survey
of the Mount Desert region, Part 6, The insect fauna, p. 274, 1938.
Psilocorsis reflera CHAMBERS, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 162,
1878.
Cryptolechia reflexella (Clemens) CHAMBERS, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr,
Bull. 4, p. 1387, 1878—WaLsincHaAM, Ins. Life, vol. 2, p. 151, 1889.—Rirry,
in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5224, 1891.—
Busck, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5852, 1903.—Meryrick, in
Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 197, 1922—McDunnoucu, Check
list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part
2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8467, 1939.
Cryptolechia cressonella CHAMBERS, U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p.
&§6, 1878.—McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the
United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8467, 1989 (cited
as synonym of ©. reflerella (Clemens) ).
Head ferruginous-brown. Labial palpus light ochreous with the
usual dark stripes; second segment with some fuscous shading exte-
riorly.
Thorax and fore wing ochreous strongly overlaid and mottled with
reddish fuscous; inner and outer discal spots usually ill defined,
blackish fuscous; terminal row of spots confluent forming a nar-
row, poorly defined blackish-fuscous line; cilia yellowish fuscous
with a dark subbasal band. Hind wing and cilia yellowish fuscous,
the cilia with a dark subbasal line. Legs whitish ochreous suffused
with dull fuscous. Abdomen fuscous above and whitish ochreous
beneath.
First abdominal segment simple.
Male genitalia—Harpe moderately clothed with hair; sacculus
narrow, weakly sclerotized. Anellus a broad, oval, cupped plate,
strongly sclerotized basally; lateral lobes greatly exceeding central
plate, slender, no thicker distally than basally. Aedeagus stout,
sharply bent, pointed; vesica armed with one large, stout cornutus
and a patch of strong, but smaller ones. Vinculum with a pointed
dorsoanterior process.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 213
Female genitalia—Genital plate narrow, membranous except for
a broad, sclerotized, anterior band. Ostium round. Ductus bursae
membranous except for a large dilated, partially sclerotized portion
immediately preceding the ostium; ductus seminalis spiculate on
inner surface and entering ductus bursae just anterior to ostium.
Branches of signum 22-24 on each side; signum-bearing half of
bursa copulatrix spiculate.
Alar expanse, 18-25 mm.
Type.—tIn the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Type locality — Pennsylvania.”
Food plant—Unknown.
Distribution.—Kastern United States.
United States records
District of Columbia: ¢, 2 (“1906,” A. Busck) ; @ (May 19, 1902, A. Busck) ;
6 (Sept. 20/34, no collector) ; 2 (6-15-06, Charles R. Ely).
Illinois: Putnam County, ¢ (18-VI-1936, M. O. Glenn).
Maine: Mount Desert (May 24).
Maryland: Plummers Island, ¢ (June 1903, A. Busck); 2 92 (1903, 1904,
Barber and Schwarz).
Massachusetts: Boston, 2 (Beutenmiiller) ; Cohasset, ¢ (July 6, 1909, Owen
Bryant).
New Hampshire: Hampton, ¢ (6-9-1904, S. A. Shaw).
New Jersey: Anglesea, 6 646, 2 22 (3-30-V-1905, W. D. Kearfott) ; Essex
County Park, 2 ¢ 4 (“May 20” and “6-19-99,” W. D. Kearfott) ; Greenwood
Lake, 6 (‘“V-380,” W. D. Kearfott).
New York: ¢ (‘1906,”’ Walsingham) ; ¢ (Beutenmiiller).
Pennsylvania: Beaver County ,¢é, 2 (May, 1900, Kemp) ; New Brighton, 13
66, 7 92 (May and June, 1902-1906, H. D. Merrick); Pittsburgh,
$6,292 (VII-12-06; VI-11-05, Henry Engle).
Virginia: Mountain Lake, ¢ (June 14-21, 1907, A. F. Braun).
Remarks.—In addition to the above I have before me a single male
from Putnam Company, Ill. (13 June 1936, M. O. Glenn), which
appears to belong here. The specimen is, however, heavily overlaid
with fuscous scales and may be another species.
This is the largest species of this genus from North America and
is usually readily recognized by its size. It is the only described
species for which we have no definite host record.
PSILOCORSIS FAGINELLA (Chambers)
PLATE 22, Fiaurr 134; PLATE 40, Ficures 217, 218
Hagno faginella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., vol. 4, p. 131, 1872; vol. 6, p. 131, 232,
1874.
Cryptolechia faginella (Chambers) CHAmbERs, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Sury. Terr.
Bull. 4, p. 84, 120, 187, 1878.—Mryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum,
fase. 180, p. 197, 1922——McDunnovucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8472, 1939.
214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Psilocorsis faginella (Chambers) Busck, Proc. Ent. Soe. Washington, vol. 5,
p. 206, 1903.—KerarFrortt, in Smith, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, No. 63892, 1903.—BuscK, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 197,
1908.—WALSINGHAM, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 4, p.
118, 1912—Barnes and McDunnovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, No. 6428, 1917.—Forsrs, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat.,
Memoir 68, p. 236, 1923.—Proctrer, Biological survey of the Mount Desert
region, Part 6, The insect fauna, p. 274, 1938.
Cryptolechia quercicella, WALSINGHAM, part (not Clemens), Ins. Life, vol. 2,
p. 511, 1889.—Ruitery, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America,
No. 5223, 1891.—Busck, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5851, 1903.
Cryptolechia ferruginosa ZeLtER, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 238, p. 2438,
1873.—CHAMBERS, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 187, 1878.—
Rury, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5219,
1891.—-Buscxk, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5847, 1908; Proc. Ent.
Soc. Washington, vol. 5, p. 205, 1903.—Mryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insec-
torum, fase. 180, p. 197, 1922—McDuNNouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8468, 1989. (New synonymy.)
Psilocorsis ferruginosa (Zeller) Kearrort, in Smith, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Boreal America, No. 6395, 1808.—Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol 35,
p. 197, 1908.—Barnes and McDunnovucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, No. 6480, 1917.—Forpes, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat.,
Memoir 68, p. 236, 1923; in Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir
101, p. 545, 1928.
Labial palpus and head ochreous-yellow (typical dark stripes
present on palpus). Thorax and fore wing brownish ochreous, the
latter lightly irrorated with brown (some specimens lighter in color,
with little or no brown irroration); inner and outer discal spots
blackish fuscous, the former usually inconspicuous, the latter well
defined; around termen a row of five or six small blackish-fuscous
spots. Hind wing and cilia yellowish fuscous. Legs whitish
ochreous, lightly suffused with brown. Abdomen light yellowish
brown above, whitish ochreous beneath.
First abdominal segment simple.
Male genitalia Harpe moderately clothed with hairs; sacculus nar-
row, weakly sclerotized. Anellus an oval, deeply cupped plate; base
strongly sclerotized; lateral lobes stout, exceeding the central plate.
Aedeagus large, stout, sharply bent, pointed; vesica armed with one
large cornutus and a long, narrow patch of strong slender ones.
Vinculum with a prominent, broad, pointed dorsoanterior process.
Female genitalia—Genital plate membranous except for a moder-
ately broad, strongly sclerotized anterior band, which is slightly
broader laterally than centrally. Ductus bursae dilated and strongly
sclerotized at ostium. Inception of ductus seminalis at about middle
of the sclerotized part of ductus bursae; inner surface of ductus
seminalis finely spiculate. Signum with 19 to 21 branches on each
side; signum-bearing half of bursa strongly spiculate.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE Ons
Alar expanse, 18-23 mm.
Type—In Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
(faginella) ; in British Museum (ferruginosa).
Type localities—Kentucky (faginella) ; Ohio (ferruginosa).
Food plant—Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.
Distribution—Kastern United States.
United States records
Delaware: Lowes, ¢ (8-8-35, Donald McCreary).
Louisiana: East Baton Rouge Parish, 2 92@ (24-VIII-1923, T. H. Jones and
W. G. Bradley).
Maine: Augusta, 8 ¢ ¢,2 99 (February 1931 [indoor record?]) ; Aurora, 3 ¢ 4,
4292 (13-16-VI-82; 64-81 [Gip. Moth Lab. No. 12164-8185] ) ; Bar Harbor
(June 2-12).
New Hampshire: Dublin, @ (A. Busck); Hampton, @ (VI-25-1907, S. A.
Shaw).
Ohio: Cincinnati, 9 (VIII-11-1917, A. F. Braun).
Vermont: One male; no further data.
Remarks.—I have placed ferruginosa as a synonym of faginella,
since, aside from the coloration (ferruginosa is lighter than faginella)
there are no differences between the two. Both have the same food
plant and distribution.
PSILOCORSIS CARYAE, new species
PLATE 22, FicureE 132; PLATE 40, Figure 219
Psilocorsis cryptolechiella BrImMLtry (not Chambers), The insects of North Caro-
lina, p. 804, 1938.
Labial palpus with the second segment sordid whitish ochreous
shaded with grayish fuscous exteriorly; a fuscous longitudinal line
beneath, narrowly bordered laterally with whitish; third segment
fuscous with a whitish tip, and a narrow whitish line on each side.
Face, head, and basal segment of antenna above dark yellow-brown
to light fuscous; underside of basal segment of antenna fuscous with
two longitudinal whitish lines; remainder of antenna checkered
with white and fuscous, less distinctly so and lighter toward the
extremity. Thorax and base of fore wing deep brown. Fore wing
light yellowish fuscous strongly overlaid with deep brown. Thorax
and fore wing with a purplish luster; inner and outer discal spots
and an indistinct row of spots around termen blackish fuscous; cilia
light fuscous. Hind wing shining yellowish fuscous (with a brassy
appearance), darker apically; cilia light fuscous with a darker sub-
basal band. Legs whitish ochreous suffused with light fuscous. Ab-
domen yellowish fuscous above, whitish ochreous beneath.
First abdominal segment simple.
216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Male genitalia—Harpe long and slender, cucullus pointed. Anel-
lus a lightly sclerotized plate with slender digitate lateral processes,
the latter not exceeding the posterior edge of the central plate. Ae-
deagus stout, sharply bent, sharply pointed; vesica armed with one
large, sharply pointed cornutus and a narrow, elongate patch of
smaller ones. Vinculum rounded with a well-developed, pointed
dorsoanterior process.
Female genitalia—Ostium large, oval. Genital plate membranous
except for a narrow, sclerotized anterior band. Ductus bursae di-
lated and strongly sclerotized before ostium, otherwise slender and
membranous; inception of ductus seminalis just before ostium. Sig-
num with 17-21 branches on each side; signum-bearing half of bursa
copulatrix strongly spiculate.
Alar expanse, 15-18 mm.
Type —U.S.N.M. No. 52866.
Type locality —Cuero, Tex. (September 13, 1910, M. M. High).
Food plants —Carya pecan Aschers. and Graebn. and Carya ovata
(Mill.) Koch.
Remarks.—Described from the $ type and 17 ¢ and 11 2 para-
types as follows: Cuero, Tex., 8 6 6 and 829 (June, July, and
September dates, 1910, M. M. High); San Antonio, Tex., 3 3 ¢
(July 14-24, 1908, McMillan) ; Norfolk, Va., 3 (September 13, 1910,
M. M. High), all reared from pecan; Winfield, La., 3 (June 16-238) ;
Monticello, Fla., 32 9 (June 23, 1914, A. I. Fabis; April 8-9, 1915,
John B. Gill) reared from hickory.
Paratypes in the U. S. National Museum, Canadian National, and
H. H. Keifer collections.
With the exception of fletcherella this is the darkest species of the
genus described from North America. It may be distinguished from
jiletcherella by its smaller size and the larger number of branches on
each side of the signum. In female genitalia caryae more closely
resembles faginella from which it may be distinguished by the more
strongly sclerotized portion of the ductus bursae.
PSILOCORSIS FLETCHERELLA Gibson
Pirate 40, Figure 221
Psilocorsis fletcherella Gipson, Ottawa Nat., vol. 22, p. 226, 1909.—Barnes and
McDunnoucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 64381,
1917.—Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 68, p. 236, 1923.
Oryptolechia fletcherella (Gibson) Mryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum,
fase. 180, p. 197, 1922—McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8470, 1939.
Cryptolechia quercicella Ginson (not Clemens), Can. Ent., vol. 40, p.' 84, 1908.
Palpus, exclusive of the usual dark stripes, whitish ochreous. Head,
thorax, and fore wing yellowish strongly overlaid with brown and
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 217
having a purplish tinge; inner and outer discal spots and a row of
five or six terminal spots blackish fuscous; the first discal and the ter-
minal row of spots sometimes ill defined. Hind wing and cilia light
brown, the latter with a narrow yellowish basal line. Legs and under-
side of abdomen whitish ochreous. Abdomen brown above.
Female genitalia—Genital plate membranous except for a narrow,
sclerotized anterior band. Ostium round. Ductus bursae dilated
near ostium; membranous except for a narrow sclerotized ring before
ostium and a small sclerotized plate before inception of ductus semi-
nalis; ductus seminalis and area of ductus bursae immediately sur-
rounding its inception finely spiculate. Branches of signum 15 to 16
on each side; signum-bearing half of bursa copulatrix strongly spicu-
late on inner surface.
Alar expanse, 19 mm.
Type.—tin the United States National Museum.
Type locality —Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Food plant.—Populus tremuloides Michx.
Distribution.—EKastern Canada and probably northeastern United
States.
Canadian records
Ontario: Ottawa, 2 92 (10-VI-1909, A. Gibson) ; Merivale (2—-VII-1935, T. N.
Freeman).
Quebec: Meach Lake (13-VI-1906, July 1906, 30-VI-1937, C. H. Young) ; Wake-
field (13-VII-1925, F. P. Ide).
Remarks.—I have not seen the specimens, nor do I know the sexes
of the specimens from Merivale, Meach Lake, and Wakefield, but the
identification is presumably correct.
10. Genus INGA Busck
PLATE 1, Faure 7; PLATE 5, FIGURE 37; PLATE 12, Ficures 80, 80a; PLATE 14,
FIGURE 89
Inga Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 200, 1908.— Barnes and McDUNNOUGH,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6483, 1917.—ForBEs,
Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 243, 1923.—Brimtey, The insects
of North Carolina, p. 304, 1988. (Genotype: Anesychia sparsiciliella Clem-
ens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 2, p. 480, 1864. )
Antenna slender, strongly ciliate in male, smooth in female; basal
segment without pecten. Labial palpus long, slender, recurved,
reaching well above apex; terminal segment slightly longer than
second, the latter thickened with closely appressed scales, roughened in
front.
Fore wing elongate; length nearly 3 times the width; costa slightly
arched ; apex blunt; termen oblique, straight; 12 veins; 7 and 8 stalked,
both to costa or apex, or with 7 to termen scarcely below apex.
218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Hind wing as broad as forewing; 8 veins; 3 and 4 connate or stalked;
6 and 7 somewhat divergent; 5 approximate to 4. Abdomen not
depressed.
Male genitalia—Harpe with sacculus very broad, deeply folded,
heavily sclerotized and clothed with long coarse hairs. Clasper long,
reaching to or beyond costa, usually dilated distally with apex armed
with short, stout spines. Cucullus narrow, lightly sclerotized, clothed
with fine hairs; apex rounded. Anellus broad, without lateral proc-
esses; lateral lobes weakly developed, with few hairs. Aedeagus
long, slightly curved, apex pointed. Vinculum broad, rounded.
Transtilla membranous with weak lateral hairy lobes. Gnathos long,
bluntly pointed. Uncus well developed, elongated, narrowly pointed,
moderately clothed with hairs.
Female genitalia—Ductus bursae membranous or narrowly sclero-
tized just before ostium. Signum present or absent.
Remarks—Meyrick* has synonymized Inga with Cryptolechia,
but the two are sufficiently distinct to justify their separation. The
male genitalia of Cryptolechia show a tubular anellus, spined, broad
gnathos and spoon-shaped uncus, together with minor differences.
These characters, when compared with the description and figure of
Inga, will serve to distinguish between the two.
As a means of separating the oecophorid genera, Busck, Meyrick,
and others have used the direction of vein 7 of the fore wing (to termen,
to apex, or to costa). For the most part this character serves for sepa-
rating the genera into two groups, but in this genus we find all condi-
tions existing. In sparsiciliella, obscuromaculella, canariella, and
concolorella 7 is distinctly to costa but in cretacea and ciliella it goes
to the termen scarcely below the apex. Normally veins 2 and 3 of the
forewing are widely separated but in some specimens may be either
connate or short-stalked.
In view of the fact that aberrations in venation occur here and that
the genitalia indicate that the species are unmistakably congeneric,
we may well associate them.
On the abdominal segments of the males of concolorella and ciliella
and the females of canariella there are spines such as are commonly
found in the Blastobasidae. The spines in Jnga, however, differ from
those found in the Blastobasidae by being dilated toward their ex-
tremities; those of the Blastobasidae (studied) are evenly tapered
to a sharp point. The spines of /nga are, in most cases, readily de-
ciduous, those of Blastobasidae more firmly attached.
Busck * erected this genus for Anesychia sparsiciliella Clemens. As
already pointed out Meyrick considered the genus synonymous with
“ Meyrick, E., in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 180, p. 195, 1922.
#8 Busck, A., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 200, 1908.
REVISION OF THE OHECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 219
Cryptolechia. With this one exception Jnga has been considered a
valid genus with the genotype as the only species. From Machimia
(sensu. Meyrick) I am transferring cretacea (Zeller), canariella
(Busck) , obscuromaculella (Chambers), concolorella (Beutenmiiller) ,
ciliella (Busck), and Awmata (Meyrick) and from Cryptolechia
(sensu Meyrick), trigama (Meyrick) to Znga, bringing to eight the
total number of North American species referable to this genus.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF INGA BASED PRIMARILY ON
COLORATION
HE HONe EWAN pevellOWiaa eee a ee ee a ne nee canariella (Busck) (p. 222)
HONER WIN GHOLNCLWISe ta a fae wae ee ee Ye oe ee oe ee ate 2
ZROLe WHET WhIbCKOL WHIbISNA ta shone wor en ae tone oa sense ee 3
Ove R WI CHOLDETWISC Stn. eee teste l UN WN a he i se 4
3. Costa of fore wing with a conspicuous black spot
sparsiciliella (Clemens) (p. 222)
Costa of fore wing without such spot____----_--- cretacea (Zeller) (p. 225)
A eAnitennall ciliations a teee ew. ane. a ee humata (Meyrick) (p. 220)
Antennalveniations otherwise. 2b) id eu New to eu oleate a ual 5
oO. Antennal cilistions $62...) 2. oe ee trigama (Meyrick) (p. 224)
Antennalreiiations otherwises. O54 Riel. £ yolipale i. Sipevek eee 6
6. Alar expanse less than 15 mm__-__- obscuromaculella (Chambers) (p. 226)
Miacexpance. more nan 5 mn 22 een ee ae toe eo 7
7. Labial palpus whitish ochreous; basal three-fifths of second seg-
MeN GE OLACKAS Man SCOUS ses ae ee ree a ee as en ciliella (Busck) (p. 227)
Labial palpus grayish fuscous____.-__.. concolorella (Beutenmiiller) (p. 221)
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF INGA BASED PRIMARILY ON MALE
GENITALIA
ipPAbOoOmMenTspINCO == 2s Seen a eee a ee eet ee oe See 2
A DAOMENEMOUNS PUN CCL oe Ral po Sas eA ok ee ne te a rene wa ee 3
2. Clasper curved, very thick, heavily spined (fig. 128)_ ciliella (Busck) (p. 227)
Clasper straight, slender basally, abruptly dilated and finely
spined apically (fig. 129)_-...--.-= concolorella (Beutenmiiller) (p. 221)
3. Clasper slender, bluntly pointed, extending little beyond middle
ofsbarpe: (foes?) eaeueen hoes ee See oe canariella (Busck) (p. 222)
Clasper slender or stout, dilated distally, and extending at least
Corcostas (hos oO m2 G43 0) een ane es a eae ee eee L
4. Clasper strongly spined down to sacculus (fig. 130)
cretacea (Zeller) (p. 225)
Clasper with few or no spines as far down as sacculus (figs. 80, 126)_-_-- 5
5. Clasper stout, hardly reaching costa (fig. 80) sparsiciliella (Clemens) (p. 222)
Clasper slender, reaching beyond costa (fig. 126)
obscuromaculella (Chambers) (p. 226)
4 The antennal ciliations of Meyrick (the relation of the length of the cilia to the width of the antennal
shaft) are used here because both hwmata and trigama are known only from unique males and this character
is the only one which can be used safely. None of the other species has antennal cilia as long as 5 or as
short as 14,
220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF INGA BASED PRIMARILY ON
FEMALE GENITALIA
LiaSignum jpresenbick 5 -picn Seis oe SE cy ret tg a eB 2
Sipnum,Pbsewps) se eo a ae a ee Ee eee é
2. Signum minute **; a narrow sclerotized ring before ostium (fig.
PROG) ie Baba le ad wi 1 ry pal ie eat obscuromaculella (Chambers) (p. 226)
Signum well developed; ring before ostium broad or narrow____--------- 3
3. Sclerotized ring before ostium broad (fig. 209)____- ciliella (Busck) (p. 227)
Sclerotized ring before ostium narrow (fig. 210)_.__. cretacea (Zeller) (p. 225)
4. Abdomentsirongely spined ite 557) vane) si. wear canariella (Busck) (p. 222)
Abdomen» notispmed.cu2 22 5. -weeN mers Aes TM Le el eee ee ee 5
5. Sclerotized ring before ostium broad (fig. 208)
concolorella (Beutenmiiller) (p. 221)
Sclerotized ring before ostium narrow (fig. 89)
sparsiciliella (Clemens) (p. 222)
INGA HUMATA (Meyrick), new combination
Machimia humata Meyrick, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 1, p. 181, 1914; in
Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 82, 1922.—McDunnouen, Check
list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part
2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8387, 1939.
Cryptolechia humata (Meyrick) BAarNrs and McDuNNovuGH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6420, 1917.
Head whitish gray, somewhat sprinkled with light gray. Palpus
ochreous whitish, second segment with the basal three-fifths gray ex-
ternally. Antennal ciliations 5. Thorax gray irrorated with darker.
Abdomen gray. Fore wing pale gray irrorated with dark fuscous;
first and second discal spots and an outwardly curved row of spots
from two-thirds of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, fuscous; cilia
gray. Hind wing and cilia gray.
Alar expanse, 20 mm.
Type.—tn the British Museum.
Type locality —Palmerlee, Ariz.
Food plant.—Unknown.
Remarks.—I know this species from description only and am plac-
ing it here on the evidence presented in the description. The dark,
lower portion of the second segment of the labial palpus and the
pattern indicate that the species belongs in 7nga. Until the type
has been examined and a final disposition of the species has been made
we can refer it to this genus.
45 A single female of this species is available for study. The bursa of this specimen shows a minute, round
signum, which may or may not be present on other specimens.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 2a
INGA CONCOLORELLA (Beutenmiiller), new combination
PLATE 21, Ficures 129, 129a; PLATE 39, Ficurm 208
Oryptolechia concolorella BEUTENMULLER, Ent. Amer., vol. 4, p. 30, 1888.—
WALSINGHAM, Ins. Life, vol. 2, p. 152, 1889.—Ritry, in Smith, List of
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5217, 1891.—Busck, in Dyar, U. S.
Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5845, 1903.—IKrarrotT, in Smith, Check list
of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6386, 1903.—Buscx, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 195, 1908.— Barnes and McDuNNov@H, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6419, 1917.
Machimia concolorella (Beutenmiiller) Mryrick, in Wytsman, Genera in-
sectorum, fase. 180, p. 82, 1922—McDunnovueHu, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America( Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No.
8386, 1939.
Head, palpus, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing grayish fuscous.
Discal dots and an outwardly curved line of spots from two-thirds
of costa to two-thirds of inner margin indistinct, fuscous. Legs
grayish mottled with fuscous; the fore legs almost wholly overlaid by
the latter color.
Male genitalia—Cucullus broad, rounded; clasper slender basally,
broadly dilated, obliquely pointed and reaching well beyond costa;
distal surface clothed with fine spines. Anellus a broad sclerotized
plate with a deep, median V-shaped excavation; from the postero-
dorsal edge a broad, flat process, broader distally than proximally;
lateral, fleshy lobes moderately well developed, hairy. Aedeagus long,
slender, slightly curved, bluntly pointed; dorsal third strongly scler-
otized and armed with small teeth. Lateral lobes of transtilla stout,
hairy.
Female genitalia—Genital plate membranous. Ostium round,
moderately large. Ductus bursae with a broad, sclerotized ring before
ostium. Inception of ductus seminalis well before ostium. Bursa
copulatrix sparsely and finely spiculate on inner surface.
Alar expanse, 20-22 mm.
Type.—tIn the United States National Museum.
Type locality —Nevada.
Food plant.——Unknown.
Distribution —Southwestern United States.
United States records
California: San Diego,5 9 2 (June 16—July 23).
Nevada: ¢ (no date or collector).
Remarks.—With the type male I associate the five females from
California. These agree well with the description and the type,
although the latter is somewhat more suffused.
222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
INGA CANARIELLA (Busck), new combination
PLATE 21, FicurEes 127, 127a; Piate 39, Ficure 207
Cryptolechia canariella Buscx, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 195, 1908.—
Barnes and McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America,
No. 6422, 1917.
Machimia canarielia (Busck) Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase.
180, p. 82, 1922—McDunnovuenu, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada
and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8382, 1939.
Head, palpus, legs, thorax, fore wing, and abdomen yellow. An-
tenna, palpus and legs mottled with reddish yellow; base of costa of
fore wing reddish yellow. Hind wing and cilia whitish yellow; cilia
with a darker subbasal line.
Male genitalia—Harpe slender, long; portion beyond clasper longer
than that before; cucullus bluntly pointed; clasper slender, straight,
not extending much beyond middle of harpe. Anellus large, triangu-
lar, broader distally than basally; lateral lobes near distal end minute.
Aedeagus long, slender, gently curved; vesica armed with a small
patch of weak spiculate cornuti and one bladelike distal one. Trans-
tilla with small, hairy, papillate lateral lobes.
Female genitalia —Genital plate membranous; ostium large oval,
anterior edge narrowly sclerotized. Ductus bursae membranous; in-
ception of ductus seminalis well before ostium. Bursa copulatrix
large; inner surface finely spiculate.
Alar expanse, 21-24 mm.
Type—tin the United States National Museum.
Type locality—Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.
Food plant—Unknown.
Distribution—Known only from the type locality.
United States records
Arizona: Huachuca Mountains, 2 ¢ 6,2 2¢@ (no date or collector) ; Palmerlee,
Cochise County, ¢ (no date or collector).
INGA SPARSICILIELLA (Clemens)
Puatre 1, Figure 7; Puare 5, Figure 37; PuAte 12, Ficures 80, 80a; PLate 14,
Ficure 89
Anesychia sparsiciliella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 2, p. 4380,
1864; in Stainton, The Tineina of North America, p. 255, 1872.—CHAMBERS,
Can. Ent., vol. 12, p. 226, 1880.—Buscxr, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol.
5, p. 218, 1903.
Anesychia sparcicella CHAMBERS, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 129,
1878.
Cryptolechia sparsiciliella (Clemens) Busck, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull.
52, No. 5844, 1903.—Meryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180,
p. 197, 1922.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 223
Ing@ sparsiciliella (Clemens) Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,, vol. 35, p. 200,
1908.—BarNes and McDuNnovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, No. 6483, 1917.—ForeeEs, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68,
p. 243, 1923; in Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 101, p. 546,
1928.—BRIMLEY, The insects of North Carolina, p. 304, 19838.—McDuNnNovucH,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America
(Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8466, 1939.
Machimia sparsiciliella (Clemens) Meyrick, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 3,
p. 471, 1928.
Cryptolechia contrariella Waker, List of the specimens of lepidopterous
insects in the collection of the British Museum, vol. 29, p. 771, 1864.—
WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1880, p. 85.—Kerarrotr, in Smith,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6385, 1903.
Inga contrariella (Walker) McDuNNouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8466, 1939 (cited as synonym of I. sparsiciliella (Clemens) ).
Inga atropicta (Zeller) McDUNNoUGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada
and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8466,
1939 (cited as synonym of I. sparsiciliella (Clemens) ).
Cryptolechia inscitella WALKER, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in
the collection of the British Museum, vol. 29, p. 772, 1864.
Cryptolechia atropicta ZELLER, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, p. 848, 1875.—
RILEY, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5216, 1891.
Ground color of labial palpus, basal fourth of antenna, head, tho-
rax, and fore wing white. Basal half of labial palpus outwardly
blackish fuscous. Outer three-fourths of antenna brownish fuscous.
Base of costa, and extreme edge to beyond middle, inner angle, discal
spot at basal third and a conspicuous large costal spot reaching middle
of wing, black or blackish fuscous. From the middle outer edge of
the large costal spot a broken, outwardly curved, narrow, blackish-
fuscous line to vein 6, then the line is inwardly curved to inner margin
at outer third; cilia with some brownish scales mixed. Hind wing
and cilia brownish fuscous. Legs brownish fuscous.
Male genitakia—Portion of harpe beyond clasper as long as that
before; clasper dilated distally, nearly attaining costa and clothed
with short stout spines in distal half. Anellus broad with a deep
V-shaped median excavation; lateral lobes weak; a well developed,
pointed, dorsoanterior process. Aedeagus long, slender; vesica with
an elongate, narrow, weakly sclerotized bar.
Female genitalia—Genital plate membranous; ostium round; duc-
tus bursae membranous except for a narrow sclerotized band just
before ostium. Inception of ductus seminalis well before ostium.
Bursa copulatrix large, oval, with smooth or very finely spiculate inner
surface.
Alar expanse, 14-19 mm.
Types.—In the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (spar-
siciliella) ; in British Museum (contrariella, inscitella, atropicta).
224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 90
Type localities—‘Virginia” (sparsiciliella); % (contrariella, in-
scitella) ; “North America” (atropicta).
Food plant.—Unknown.
Distribution.—New York south to Florida and west to Texas.
United States records
District of Columbia: 2 9 9 (no data).
Florida: Altamont, ¢ (21-IX-1924, F. R. Cole); St. Petersburg, 3 ¢¢, 2
(April) ; Paradise Key, 2¢ ¢ (8-III-1919, BE. A. Schwarz and H. S. Barber).
Georgia: Spring Creek, ¢ (18-V—1916, J. C. Bradley).
Maryland: 92 (no data).
Mississippi: Ocean Springs, 9 (29-VI-1921).
New York: 2? (William Beutenmiiller).
North Carolina: Southern Pines, 2 92 (July 8-15; Aug. 1-7).
Pennsylvania: York, 9 (W. D. Kearfott).
Texas: Kerrville, ¢, 2 (May, 1906, F. C. Pratt) ; Harris County, @ (no data);
Victoria, ¢ (6-10-18, J. D. Mitchell).
Virginia: Fortress Monroe, ¢ (VII-19-08, W. D. Kearfott).
Remarks—The white ground color and the contrasting black mark-
ings immediately distinguish this from all other species of the genus.
The species is widespread but apparently not common in any one
locality. The specimen from Victoria, Tex., is the only reared exam-
ple I have seen, but its host is not recorded on the label.
INGA TRIGAMA (Meyrick), new combination
Cryptolechia trigama Meyrick, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 3, p. 476, 1928—
McDunnovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States
of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8475, 1939.
Head and thorax pale grayish. Palpus whitish with the basal
two-thirds of the second segment and basal, median and subapical
annuli of terminal segment dark fuscous. Fore wing light gray
with some scattered black scales. On costa a black spot at base and
before middle, some black scaling beneath and confluent with the
latter; inner and outer discal spots black; two strongly angulated
series of small black dots crossing wing outwardly; cilia pale gray,
with dark basal line. Hind wing and cilia light gray.
Alar expanse, 20 mm.
Type—tin the British Museum.
Type locality—Fort Davis, Tex., 5,000 feet.
Food plant—Unknown.
Remarks.—This species is known to me only from the description.
I place it here with some hesitation, but its proper assignment can
be made only after an examination of the type. On pattern it
appears to be near sparsiciliella.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 225
INGA CRETACEA (Zeller), new combination
PLATE 21, FicuREs 130, 130a; PLATE 39, Fiaure 210
Cryptolechia cretacea ZELLER, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 23, p. 243, 1873.—
WALSINGHAM, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 10, p. 176, 1882—Ruiry, in
Smith, List of Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5218, 1891.—Buscx, in
Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5846, 1903.—Kerarrorr, in Smith, Check
list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6887, 1903——Buscxk, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 195, 1908.—_ Barnes and McDunnoueH, Check list
of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6417, 1917.
Machimia cretacea (Zeller) Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc.
180, p. 83, 1922—McDunnouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada
and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8388,
1939.
Labial palpus, head, and fore wing white to sordid whitish more
or less sprinkled with small brown scales. Basal two-fifths of second
segment of labial palpus brown outwardly. Eyes narrowly edged
with brown in front. Antenna brown. Base of costa, first and
second discal spots, and an outwardly curved subterminal line of
spots brown. Hind wing and cilia brownish. Legs whitish strongly
overlaid with brown. Abdomen whitish somewhat suffused dorsally
with light brown and with more or less brown scaling ventrally.
Male genitalia —Cucullus rounded, narrow; clasper gently curved,
slightly dilated distally, heavily clothed with stout spines (the latter
extending inwardly down to sacculus) and extending well beyond
costa. Anellus a broad, strongly sclerotized plate with a deep
V-shaped median excavation; from posterodorsal margin a broad,
spatulate process; lateral lobes weakly developed, moderately hairy.
Aedeagus long, slightly curved, pointed; vesica armed with a long,
strongly sclerotized bar. Transtilla with long, digitate, hairy, lateral
lobes.
Female genitalia—Genital plate membranous. Ostium large,
round. Ductus bursae with a narrow sclerotized plate ventrally just
before ostium. Inception of ductus seminalis well before ostium.
Bursa copulatrix oval, with few minute spicules on inner surface;
signum well developed.
Alar expanse, 14-16 mm.
Type—tIn the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
Type locality —Texas.
Food plant.—Unknown.
Distribution.—Southern United States.
United States records
Arizona: Palmerlee, 4 ¢ ¢ (no data or collector).
Kansas: Onaga, ¢ (Crevecoeur, collector).
North Carolina: Southern Pines, 15 ¢ 6,10 922 (July 15 to August 15).
286614—41——13
226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Texas: Brownsville, ¢ (no data or collector) ; Kerrville, 5 ¢¢, 2 (April to
August dates, F. C. Pratt); San Benito, ¢ and 2 (March 16-23; Sept.
8-15) ; Victoria, 9 (“3-20,” E. A. Schwarz).
Remarks.—This species and sparsiciliella are the only two de-
scribed species of this genus with white or whitish ground color.
The black markings of sparsiciliella will immediately distinguish it
from cretacea.
INGA OBSCUROMACULELLA (Chambers), new combination
PLAtTe 21, Ficures 126, 126a; PLATE 39, Ficure 206
Cryptolechia obscuromaculella CHAMBERS, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull.
4, p. 86, 1878.— RIEy, in Smith, List of Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No.
5220, 1891.—Buscxr, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5848, 1903.—
KeEarFoTtT, in Smith, Check List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No.
6388, 1903.—Buscx, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 195, 1908. Barnes and
McDunnoucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6418,
1 oUTe
Machimia obscuromaculella (Chambers) Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insec-
torum, fase. 180, p. 82, 1922—McDunnovuenu, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8385, 1939.
Labial palpus, face, and head whitish ochreous to ochreous. Basal
three-fifths of second segment of palpus and front around eyes fus-
cous. Antenna whitish ochreous annulated with fuscous. Thorax
and fore wing ochreous strongly irrorated with fuscous; first and
second discal spots fuscous; an indistinct, outwardly curved subtermi-
nal row of small fuscous spots. Hind wing grayish fuscous. Legs
fuscous.
Male genitalia—Harpe moderately narrow; cucullus bluntly
pointed; clasper slender, slightly dilated and clothed with fine spines
distally, reaching slightly beyond costa. Anellus broad with a deep
V-shaped, median excavation, and a large spatulate process from the
dorsoposterior margin; the latter broader distally than proximally;
lateral lobes small. Aedeagus long, slender, pointed; vesica armed
with a large patch of fine cornuti and a long, strongly sclerotized,
irregularly shaped band. Lateral lobes of transtilla moderately
large, hairy.
Female genitalia —Genital plate membranous. Ostium moderately
large. Ductus bursae membranous with a narrow sclerotized ring
before ostium. Inception of ductus seminalis well before ostium.
Bursa copulatrix large, oval with a minute, round signum.
Alar expanse, 14-15 mm.
Type—tin the United States National Museum.
Type locality.—Basque County, Tex.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 227
Food Plant.—Unknown.
Distribution.—This species is known only from Texas.
United States records
Texas: Kerrville, ¢ (IV-12-07, F. C. Pratt) ; San Antonio, 9 (June 1899, O. C.
Poling).
INGA CILIELLA (Busck), new combination
PLATE 21, Ficures 128, 128a; PLATE 39, Figure 209
Oryptolechia ciliella Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 196, 1908.—
BARNES and McDuNnNovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America,
No. 6423, 1917.
Machimia ciliella (Busck) Mryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180,
p. 82, 1922; Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 3, p. 471, 1928—McDuNNovucH,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America
(Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8384, 1939.
Labial palpus, head, face, thorax, and fore wing light ochreous
more or less suffused with fuscous scaling. Basal three-fifths of
labial palpus blackish fuscous. Antenna blackish fuscous narrowly
annulated with brown. Base of costa, first and second discal spots,
a poorly defined spot near middle of inner margin, and a more or
less well defined undulating, outwardly curved row of spots blackish
fuscous; cilia concolorous with fore wing. Hind wing and cilia dark
fuscous; cilia with a light basal line. Legs light ochreous strongly
overlaid with fuscous, the fore legs more so than the others. Ab-
domen light ochreous suffused and irrorated with fuscous.
Male genitalia —Harpe very short; cucullus small, bluntly pointed ;
clasper large, stout, reaching beyond costa, strongly spined. Anellus
large, laterally produced, recurved, forming a semitubular articula-
tion for the aedeagus; dorsoanterior spatulate process well developed ;
lateral lobes small, hairy, fleshy. Aedeagus slender, long, nearly
straight; dorsodistal two-fifths scobinate; vesica armed with a long
sclerotized band. Lateral lobes of transtilla well developed, fleshy,
hairy.
Female genitalia—Genital plate membranous. Ostium large
round. Ductus bursae with a broad sclerotized band before
ostium; ductus seminalis enlarged with its inception well before
ostium. Bursa copulatrix with a well developed signum; inner sur-
face finely spiculate.
Alar expanse, 16-23 mm.
Type.—tin the United States National Museum.
Type locality—Baboquivari Mountains, Pima County, Ariz.
Food plant—Unknown.
Distribution.—Southwestern United States.
228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
United States records
Arizona: Baboquivari Mountains, 9 ¢ 6,3 29 (July 1903, August 1923, October,
November 1924, O. C. Poling; July, August 1916 [no collector]) ; Palmerlee
38 66 (no date or collector): Yavapai County, ¢, 3 22 (no date or
collector).
New Mexico: Sapello Cafion, ¢ (7-27-02, Oslar).
Remarks.—Some specimens of this species are rather heavily in-
fuscated and at first may be mistaken for concolorella but the geni-
talia will immediately distinguish the two.
The specimens from the Baboquivari Mountains are consistently
lighter than specimens from the other localities.
11. Genus MARTYRINGA Busck
PLATE 1, FIicuRE 10; PLATE 5, FIGURE 39; PLATE 11, FicurEes 72, 72a; PuLate 14,
FIGuRE 90; PLATE 17, FIGURE 107
Martyringa Buscx, Journ. New York Ent, Soc., vol. 10, p. 96, 1902; in Dyar,
U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, p. 489, 1903.—KeraArrotr, in Smith, List of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 107, 1908.—Busck, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 35, p. 190, 1908.—WatsincHamM, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lepidoptera-Heter-
ocera, vol. 4, p. 120, 1918—BarneEs and McDuNnNoucH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 160, 1917.—Forsrs, Cornell Univ. Agr.
Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 234, 1928.—Merykickx, in Wytsman, Genera insec-
torum, fasc. 180, p. 54, 1922—FLetcHEeR, Mem. Dept. Agr. India (Ent. Ser.),
vol. 11, p. 184, 1929.—Gaerpr, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 88, p. 96,
1938. (Genotype: Oegoconia latipennis Walsingham,Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
vol. 10, p. 190, 1882.)
Antenna stout (thickened in the male); basal segment without
pecten. Labial palpus long, recurved, reaching beyond vertex; sec-
ond segment thickened and roughened beneath, slightly longer than
third.
Fore wing slightly more than three times as long as wide; termen
convex; apex rounded; inner margin straight; 11 veins; 1c strong at
margin, weaker basally; 2 and 3 coincident; 4 stalked with 2+38; 5
connate or approximate to 4 and parallel to 6; 8 and 9 out of 7; 7 to
termen just below apex.
Hind wing as broad as fore wing, costa slightly arched; termen
oblique, straight; 7 veins; 3 and 4 coincident; 5 connate with 3+4;
6 and 7 slightly divergent.
Male genitalia —Clasper absent. Gnathos not spined. Uncus well
developed. Anellus membranous, not forming ring around aedeagus.
Female genitalia—Genital plate sclerotized; ductus bursae strongly
sclerotized posterior to inception of ductus seminalis; signum absent.
Remarks——This genus is closely related to the Asiatic genus
Anchonoma Meyrick (=Santuzza Heinrich). A marked difference,
however, exists in the male genitalia. The anellus of Anchonoma is
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 229
moderately sclerotized basally, and terminates in two long, strongly
sclerotized processes, the whole closely attached to the aedeagus. In
Martyringa the anellus is membranous and the two sclerotized
processes of the aedeagus, although closely resembling those of the
anellus of Anchonoma, cannot be homologized with them. Only one
species of Martyringa (latipennis) is at present recognized.
By the weakness of 1c of the fore wing the genus approaches the
Gelechiidae, but on genitalic characters it clearly remains oecophorid.
MARTYRINGA LATIPENNIS (Walsingham)
PLATE 1, Figure 10; PLATE 5, Ficure 39; Puate 11, Fieures 72-72a; Puate 14,
Figure 90; PLATE 17, Ficure 107
Oegoconia latipennis WALSINGHAM, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 10, p. 190,
1882.—Ritey, in Smith, List of Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5578,
1891,
Martyringa latipennis (Walsingham) Busck, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 10,
p. 96, 1902; in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5476, 1905.—KerarFort, in
Smith, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6000, 1903.—
Buscxk, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 190, 1908—Barnes and McDun-
NoUGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6412, 1917.-—
Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 55, 1922.—crBEs,
Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 234, 1923; in Leonard, Cornell
Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 101, p. 544, 1928—KFietcHer, Mem. Dept.
Agr. India (Ent. Ser.), vol. 11, p. 134, 1929.—Brimrry, The insects of North
Carolina, p. 302, 1938.—GaArpDrE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 88,
p. 96, 1988.—McDunnouGcH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the
United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8380, 1939.
Labial palpus, antenna, head, thorax and legs, and ground color of
fore wing pale ochreous. Second segment of labial palpus shaded
with fuscous on basal two-thirds outwardly and irrorated basally in-
wardly; third segment with an indistinct fuscous, subbasal annulus;
antenna narrowly annulated with fuscous basally and shaded with
fuscous apically; basal segment fuscous above except at extreme tip.
Thorax and base of tegula strongly overlaid with fuscous. Ground
color of fore wing largely obscured by the fuscous shading; at basal
third two large blackish-fuscous spots followed by a broad, pale
ochreous dash; at the end of cell a large blackish-fuscous spot; from
costa, at beginning of cilia, a transverse, pale ochreous fascia to vein
6, then outwardly angled and curved to inner margin slightly before
tornus; termen pale ochreous; cilia grayish fuscous. Hind wing pale
cinereous, shaded with fuscous toward apex; terminal edge pale
ochreous; cilia grayish fuscous. Legs shaded and banded with fuscous
except at joints. Abdomen ochreous, lightly suffused with pale fuscous
above; below lighter, sparsely irrorated with fuscous.
Male genitalia.—Harpe elongate, without clasper, sparsely clothed
with minute hairs. Anellus membranous. Vinculum produced ante-
riorly as a spatulate process. Transtilla a weakly sclerotized band.
Gnathos bluntly rounded, roughly spoon-shaped. Uncus elongated,
230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
recurved ventrally and terminating in a sharp point; aedeagus long,
slender, heavier at the distal end than at the proximal end, terminating
in two stout, sharp-pointed processes.
Female genitalia—Genital plate heavily sclerotized, with a shallow
cleft on the posterior margin; posterior part of ductus bursae flattened
and broadened ; ostium only a narrow horizontal slit; bursa copulatrix
small, membranous.
Alar expanse, 15-21 mm.
Type.—tIn the British Museum.
Type locality.—Not stated.
Food plant—Unknown.
Distribution.—Kastern United States.
United States records
Connecticut: East River, ¢ (July 7, 1908, Charles R. Ely).
Maryland: Cabin John, ¢ (August 1902, A. Busck) ; Plummers Island, 37 ¢ 4,
5 @é¢ (July and August dates, 1902-1924, A. Busck; July, 1924, L. J. Bot-
timer).
New York: Ithaca (teste Forbes).
North Carolina: Tryon, 2 ¢¢, 2 (3-16-VII-1904, Fiske).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, 5 ¢¢, 2 22 (July dates, 1903-1907, H. D.
Merrick) ; Nicholson, 10 ¢ ¢ (July, August 1904, A. E. Lister).
Remarks.—This species is probably more widespread than indicated
by present records. According to Mr. Busck the adults fly in the early
morning hours after midnight and are, therefore, collected infre-
quently. Mr. Busck also states that the larva probably will be found
in rotten wood.
12. Genus PLEUROTA Hiibner
_ Pirate 1, Ficure 6; PuLAte 5, Ficure 34; PLATE 12, Fiaures 76, 76a; PLATE 14,
FIGURE 87
Pleurota HUBNrER, Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge, p. 406, 1826.—Busck,
Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 191, 1908.—W AtsineHAM, Biol. Centr.-Amer.,
Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 134, 1912.—BarNes and McDuNNouGaH,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 160, 1917.—Muryrick, in
Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 105, 1922; Revised handbook of
British Lepidoptera, p. 674, 1928.—FLercHER, Mem. Dept. Agr. India (Mnt.
Ser.), vol. 11, p. 180, 1929.—Gaxrnpn, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt.
88, p. 169, 19388. (Genotype: Phalaena Tinea bicostella Clerck, Icones in-
sectorum rariorium cum nominibus eorum trivialibus, locisque e C. Linnaei
syst. nat. allegatis, pl. 3, fig. 15, 1761.)
Eupleuris Hisner, Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge, p. 406, 1826.—Mryricx,
in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 105, 1922. (Genotype: Tinea
honorella. Hiibner, Sammlung europiiischer Schmetterlinge, vol. 8, fig. 254,
1796.)
Holoscolia ZeEttER, Isis von Oken, vol. 3, p. 190, 1889—Mmryrick, in Wytsman,
Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 105, 1922. (Genotype: Tinea forficella
Hiibner, Sammlung europiiischer Schmetterlinge, vol. 8, fig. 343, 1796.)
REVISION OF THE OEKCOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 231
Protasis HeRRIcH-ScHAFrER, Systematisches Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von
Europa, vol. 5, p. 40, 1853.—MEyRIck, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase.
180, p. 105, 1922. (Genotype: Protasis punctella Costa, Fauna del regno di
napoli, vol. 2, pl. 4, fig. 2, 1836.)
Head with loosely appressed scales; tongue well developed; antenna
finely to strongly ciliated, basal segment with pecten; labial palpus
long, porrect; second segment densely clothed with long spreading
scales, especially beneath; third segment short, acute. Abdomen
strongly spined.
Fore wing elongate, pointed or falcate; termen very oblique; 12
veins; 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to termen; 2-5 approximated, 11 from before
middle.
Hind wing ovate, as broad as fore wing; 8 veins; 3 and 4 connate,
6 and 7 subparallel.
Male genitalia—Harpe without clasper. Anellus with lateral proc-
esses well developed. (Gnathos well developed, pointed. Uncus well
developed.
Female genitalia.—Ductus bursae sclerotized for at least part of its
length ; inception of ductus seminalis at anterior third of ductus bursae.
Signum of bursa copulatrix present.
Remarks.—At present only one recognized American species; P.
albastrigulella (Kearfott).
Thema Walker (List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in
the collection of the British Museum, vol. 29, p. 802, 1864; genotype:
Thema brevivitella Walker) and Phryganeutis Meyrick (Proc. Linn.
Soc. New South Wales, vol. 9, p. 742, 1884; genotype: Phryganeutis
cinerea Meyrick) have been synonymized with Pleurota Hiibner, but
it does not seem likely that these Australian genera are congeneric with
Pleurota.
Pleurota can be distinguished from any other North American
oecophorid genera by the porrect labial palpus.
PLEUROTA ALBASTRIGULELLA (Kearfott)
PLATE 20, FicuRES 123, 123a; PLATE 39, FicureE 212
Dorata albastrigulella KEArFoTt, Can. Ent., vol. 39, p. 8, 1907.
Pleurota albastrigulelia (Kearfott) BARNES and McDuNnNougH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6413, 1917.—Garpr, in Bryk, Lepidopter-
orum catalogus, pt. 88, p. 170, 1988—McDunnovueH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Micro-
lepidoptera), No. 8389, 1939.
Pleurota albastrigilella Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 191, 1908.
Pleurota albistrigulella Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180,
p. 107, 1922.
232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 90
Labial palpus, antenna, head, thorax, and fore wing fuscous over-
Jaid, strigulated, or otherwise marked with white. Second segment of
labial palpus white beneath at base; from basal third irrorated and
mixed with white scales; third segment white exteriorly. Antenna
white beneath. Head and thorax almost entirely overlaid with white.
Edge of costa of fore wing white from base to apical third; central
portion and apex of wing strongly dusted and overlaid with white;
at basal third, in cell, a blackish-fuscous spot followed by a similar
one at the end of cell; on vein ic an elongate, blackish-fuscous spot,
slightly nearer the inner and outer discal spot; vein 7 marked with a
more or less distinct longitudinal, blackish-fuscous streak; around
termen a poorly defined series of blackish-fuscous spots; cilia white
with a light fuscous median band. Hind wing grayish fuscous, darker
apically; cilia pale fuscous with an indistinct, darker, subbasal band.
Legs fuscous marked with silvery white; hind tibia and tarsus
ochreous-white, the latter overlaid with fuscous exteriorly except at
joints. Abdomen shining grayish fuscous.
Male genitalia—Harpe slender, rather abruptly narrowed beyond
middle; cucullus narrowly rounded. Anellus with a narrow, strongly
sclerotized portion and long, slender, bluntly pointed lateral processes.
Aedeagus slender, curved, somewhat dilated at each end; vesica armed
with a few weakly sclerotized, short cornuti and with a small weakly
sclerotized folded area. Vinculum narrowly rounded. Gnathos long,
beaked, pointed, with a scobinate posterior surface. Uncus stout,
pointed.
Female genitalia.—Genital plate membranous. Ostium large, oval,
transverse. Ductus bursae depressed and sclerotized in posterior third ;
inception of ductus seminalis at anterior third. Bursa copulatrix
large, oval, elongate; signa consisting of two slender, thornlike proc-
esses from posterior surface of bursa, and a transverse, lunate plate
slightly posterior to middle of bursa; at right angles to the long axis
of the plate, one third from each end of inner surface, two flattened,
pointed processes.
Alar expanse, 15-20 mm.
Type.—In the United States National Museum.
Type locality—Placer County, Calif.
Food plant.—Unknown.
Distribution.—Southwestern United States.
United States records
Arizona: Pinal Mountains, alt. 5,000 feet, 9 (May 15, 1925, O. C. Poling).
California: Camp Baldy, San Bernardino Mountains, ¢, 2 (June 24-80, July
16-23) ; Gavilan Hills, Riverside, ¢ (2—-V—1935, C. M. Dammers) ; Havilah,
2 466 (June 1-7); Los Angeles, ¢ (“IV—22,” O. Buchholz); San Diego,
6, @ (8-12-V-1907, W. S. Wright), ¢ (“9-V-23,” no collector), 2 ¢4 (no
date, Ricksecker) ; Shingle Springs, El Dorado County, 6 ¢¢ (16—V-1931,
T-V-1934, H. H. Keifer).
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE Zoe
13. Genus CARCINA Hiibner
PLATE 1, FIGURE 9; PLATE 5, FicurE 36; PLATE 11, Ficures 71, 71a;
PLATE 14, Ficure 88
Carcina HUBNeER, Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge, p. 410, 1826.—Ruset,
in Staudinger and Rebel, Catalog der Lepidopteren des palaearctischen
Faunengebietes, vol. 2, p. 175, 1901.—WaLsiIncHaM, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep-
idoptera-Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 126, 1912.—Buscx, Can. Ent., vol. 53, p. 277,
1921.—BLackMorE, Report of the Provincial (British Columbia) Museum
of Natural History for the year 1920, pp. 23, 31, 1921.—Mryrick, in Wytsman,
Genera insectorum, fase., 180, p. 159, 1922—KF.LercHerR, Mem. Dept. Agr.
India (nt. Ser.), vol. 11, p. 40, 1929.—-GarEpE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum
catalogus, pt. 92, p. 251, 1989. (Genotype: Pyralis quercana Fabricius, Sys-
tema entomologiae, p. 652, 1775.)
Phibalocera STEPHENS, Illustrations of British entomology, Haustellata, vol.
4, p. 192, 18384. (Genotype: Pyralis quercana Farbricius, Systema ento-
mologiae, p. 652, 1775.) F
Head with appressed scales; tongue developed; antenna longer than
fore wing, thick, simple; basal segment with pecten. Labial palpus
long, recurved; second segment thickened with appressed scales; ter-
minal segment shorter than second.
Fore wing broad, termen oblique, straight, 12 veins; 2 from well
before angle, 3 and 4 stalked, 5 and 6 parallel, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to
termen, 11 from before middle.
Hind wing nearly as wide as fore wing; 8 veins; 3 and 4 stalked;
6 and 7 divergent toward apex.
Male genitalia—Cucullus divided; clasper absent. Anellus with
lateral processes. Vesica armed. Gnathos and uncus well developed,
the former unspined.
Female genitalia—Ductus bursae membranous. Inception of
ductus seminalis adjacent to ostium. Signum present.
Larva.—Characters essentially as in Agonopterix: ninth abdominal
segment with setae I and II well separated; seta VI not on same pin-
aculum with IV and V, remote from VII. Setal group VII bisetose
on first and seventh, unisetose on eighth and ninth abdominal seg-
ments. Ocellinormal. Submentum without pit.
Pupa.—Smooth except for a fringe of hair on dorso- and latero-
caudal margins of seventh abdominal segment. Prothoracic femora
and labial palpi not exposed. Cremaster present but greatly reduced.
Remarks.—This genus may be distinguished from the other genera
of North American oecophorids by the antenna which exceeds the
length of the fore wing.
The presence of a short (vestigial) cremaster in the pupa will dis-
tinguish Carcina from Machimia.
Dare PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
CARCINA QUERCANA (Fabricius)
Pyralis quercana Fasrictus, Systema entomologiae, p. 652, 1775; Entomologia
systematica, vol. 3, p. 271, 1793.
Phalaena quercana (Fabricius) Donovan, The natural history of British in-
sects, vol. 3, p. 98, pl. 106, fig. 3, 1794.
Tortrie quercana (Fabricius) HAworruH, Lepidoptera Britannica, 1811.
Carcina quercana (Fabricius) HrrNeMANN, Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands
und der Schweiz, vol. 2, p. 862, 1870.—R6sster, Jahrb. nassau. Vereins
Naturk., vol. 33, p. 282, 1881.—Snetiren, Die Vlinders van Nederland, vol. 2,
p. 609, 1882.—STruDEL and HorrMaNN, Wiirttemberg. Vereins vaterl.
Naturk., vol. 38, p. 206, 1882.—JouRDHEUILLE, Mém. Soc. Acad. l’Aube,
vol. 47, p. 188, 1883.—Bav, Handbuch fiir Schmetterlings-Sammler, p. 358,
1886.—SorHAGEN, Die Kleinschmetterlinge der Mark Brandenburg, p. 216,
1886.—FAILLA-TEDALDI, Nat. Siciliano, vol. 8, p. 186, 1889.—R«Eset, Verh. zool.-
bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 42, p. 580, 1893.—Meryricx, A handbook of British Lep-
idoptera, p. 613, 1895.—Reutti, Verh. Naturw. Vereins Karlsruhe, vol. 12,
p. 237, 1898.—Srrsortp, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 11, p. 317, 1898.—
CaARrADJA, Deutsche Ent. Zietschr., Iris, vol. 12, p. 207, 1899.—Sraner, Die
Tineinen der umgegend von Friedland in Mecklenberg, p. 34, 1899.—Rnspet,
in Staudinger and Rebel, Catalog der Lepidoptern des palaearctischen
Faunengebietes, vol. 2, No. 8323, 1901.—Carapsa, Bull. Soc. Sci. Bucarest,
vol. 10, p. 155, 1901.—SorHacen, Allgemeine Zeitschr. Ent., vol. 7, p. 17,
1902.—Disqufé, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 14, p. 218, 1902.—
ScHuUtze, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 15, p. 28, 1902.—Sprtsmr, Konigs-
berg. Physikal-Oekonom. Ges. Beitr. Naturk. Preussens, No. 9, p. 148, 1903.—
Reset, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus., vol. 18, p. 336, 1903.—MENDEs, Broteria, vol. 8,
p. 248, 1904.—CromBruccHE, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belgique, vol. 2, p. 51, 1906.—
REBEL, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 58, p. (80), 1908.—Sputer, Die
Schmetterlinge Europas, vol. 2, p. 348, pl. 89, fig. 35, 1910—GRIEBEL,
Lepid. Fauna Rheinpfalz., vol. 2, p. 55, 1910.—PIQUENARD, Bull. Soe. Sci. Méd.
Ouest. (Rennes), vol. 19, p. 79, 1910.—Gr1ANELLI, Ann. Accad. Agr. Torino,
vol. 53, p. 96, 1911.—Reper, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus., vol. 25, p. 417, 1911.—
Hot, Bull. Soe. Hist. Nat. Afrique du Nord, vol. 3, p. 26, 1911.—Havprer,
Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 25, p. 204, 1918.—SKata, Verh. naturf. Ver. Brtinn, vol.
51, p. 316, 19138.—ReEpeL, Wien. Ent. Ver. Jahresb., vol. 23, p. 202, 1913.—
VeERBRODT and Mirier-Rutz, Die Schmetterlinge der Schweiz, vol. 2,
p. 476, 1914.—Gatvaceni, Wien. Ent. Ver. Jahresb., vol. 25, p. 35, 1915.—
ScHAWERDA, Wien. Ent. Ver. Jahresb., vol. 26, p. 46, 1916.—ReseEL, Ann.
Naturh. Hofmus., vol. 30, p. 166, 1916; Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 126,
p. 808, 1917.—Martinr, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 30, p. 155, 1917.—
MITTELBERGER, Wien. Ent. Ver. Jahresb., vol. 28, p. 66, 1918.—TwuratI, Soe.
Italiana Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico, Pavia, vol. 58, p. 116, 1919.—Srranp,
Archiy fiir Naturg., vol. 85A, pt. 4, p. 9, 1919.—BtackmorrE, Report of the
Provincial (British Columbia) Museum of Natural History for the year
1920, pp. 23, 31, pl. 2, 1921—Buscx, Can. Ent., vol. 53, p. 276, 1921.—
BLACKMORE, Report of the Provincial (British Columbia) Museum of
Natural History for the year 1921, p. 28, 1922.—Z1mMMeERMAN, Verh. Zool.-bot.
Ges. Wien, vol. 71, p. (48), 1922.—Meryrick, in Wytsman, Genera in-
sectorum, fase. 180, p. 159, 1922.—CHRETIEN, in Oberthiir, Etudes de Lépidop-
térologie comparée, fasc. 19, p. 368, 1922—GatvaGanI, Wien. Ent. Ver. Jahresb.,
vol. 30, p. 105, 1924—Lronarp1, Elenco delle specie di Insetti dannosi e
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE Daw
loro parassiti ricordati in Italia fino all’ anno 1911, pt. 2, p. 281, 1927.—
ZERNY, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 41, p. 144, 1927.—Larsen, Ent.
Meddel., vol. 17, p. 80, 1927.—Meryrick, A revised handbook of British
Lepidoptera, p. 675, 1928.—FLeTcHER, Mem. Dept. Agr. India (Ent. Ser.),
vol. 11, p. 40, 1929——Amset, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 44, p. 121,
1930.—DrENOWSKI, Mem. Bulg. Akad. Wiss., vol. 26, No. 6, p. 75, 1930.—
VERBRODT, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 45, p. 129, 1931.—EscHrricuH,
Die Forstinsekten Mitteleuropas, vol. 8, p. 202, fig. 162, pl. 1, fig. 22, 1931.—
ReBe~t and ZerRNy, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-nat. K1., vol. 103,
p. 151, 19381—HeErine, Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas (Die Schmetterlinge),
p. 154, 1982.—EcksTEIN, Kleinschmet. Deutschlands, p. 123, pl. 6, fig. 223,
1933.—STERNECK, Prodromus der Schmetterlingsfauna Béhmens, vol. 2,
p. 109, 1938.—Mortry and Rait-SmirH, Trans. Ent. Soe. London, vol. 81,
p. 176, 19388.—Zerny, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 48, p. 25, 1934.—
OsTHELDER, Mitt. Mtinch. Ent. Ges., vol. 24, p. 82, 1935.—Prierce and Mer-
CALFE, The genitalia of the tineid families of the Lepidoptera of the
British Islands, p. 32, pl. 18, 1985.—Rapp, Beitriige zur Fauna Thiiringens,
vol. 2, p. 140, 1936.—McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada
and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8392,
1989.—GAEDE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 92, p. 251, 1939.
Phibalocera quercana (Eabricius) STEPHENS, A systematic catalog of British
insects, pt. 2, p. 192, No. 7153, 1829; Illustrations of British entomology,
Haustellata, vol. 4, p. 198, 1834.—Woop, Index entomologicus, p. 169, fig. 1160,
1845.—-STAINTON, Insecta Britannica, p. 81, 1854; A manual of British
butterflies and moths, vol. 2, p. 319, 1859; The natural history of the
Tineina, vol. 13, pp. 296, 297, pl. 7, fig. 1, 1873.
Phalaenae Tortrix fagana SCHIFFERMULLER, Systematisches Verzeichniss der
Schmetterlinge der Wiener Gegend, p. 128, pl. 16, fig. 6, 1776.
Tortriz fagana (Schiffermiiller) Htpner, Sammlung europiiischer Schmetter-
linge, vol. 7, pl. 24, fig. 153, 1830.
Carcina fagana (Fabricius) HerrricH-SCHArrmr, Systematisches Bearbeitung
der Schmetterlinge von Europa, vol. 5, p. 131, 1853.
Tinea cancella HiiBNER, Sammlung europiischer Schmetterlinge, p. 69, fig. 453,
1796.
Carcina cancrella Htpner, Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge, p. 410, 1826.
Lampros faganella TREITSCHKE, in Ochsenheimer, Die Schmetterlinge von Eu-
ropa, vol. 9, pt. 2, p. 67, 1833.
Labial palpus pale yellow; second segment irrorated with pink on
apical third. Antenna pale yellow below, dull pink above. Face
shining pale yellow. Head and thorax very pale, dull brownish
ochreous. Fore wing dull pink overlaid and suffused with pale, dull
brownish ochreous and sparsely irrorated in apical third with black;
on basal third of costa a narrow, yellow patch fading to white on
extreme costal edge; from middle to apical third of costa a quadrate
yellow patch; edge of costa to apex and termen to tornus and the
cilia dark yellow; cilia at tornus dull pink; from basal third to about
middle of inner margin a subtriangular yellow patch extending well
into cell; in this patch, which is ochreous in some specimens, some
reddish-ochreous scales. Hind wing pale straw-yellow suffused with
236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
pink at apex; cilia pale yellow. Legs creamy white; fore pair
strongly overlaid exteriorly with dark pink. Abdomen light
yellowish.
Male genitalia—Harpe ample, hairy, without clasper; sacculus
deeply folded; cucullus deeply cleft, lower point (extension of sac-
culus?) with tuft of strong, curved bristles. Lateral processes of
anellus long. Vesica armed with 4 to 7 strong cornuti. Gnathos
without spines. Uncus elongate, hooked, lateral edges infolded.
Female genitalia—Genital plate dilated laterally; ostium slitlike;
ductus bursae membranous; inception of ductus seminalis just before
ostium; bursa copulatrix with small signum.
Alar expanse, 17-21 mm.
Type.—tLost?
Type locality —Kurope.
Food plants.—Quercus, Cotoneaster pyracantha L.; apple.
Distribution—Europe, Asia Minor, and southern Vancouver Is-
land, British Columbia, Canada.
Canadian records
British Columbia: Victoria, 14 ¢¢, 10 22 (July and August dates, 1920-
1922, E. H. Blackmore; 19-VII-1922, W. R. Carter; 7—-S8-VITI-1929, J. F. G.
Clarke).
Remarks.—The species is well established on southern Vancouver
Island, British Columbia, and probably will be found in Washington
State, across the Straits of Juan de Fuca, where oak is abundant.
There is considerable variation in this species, which probably
accounts for some of the synonymy, but all figures of this species I
have seen are readily recognizable.
14. MATHILDANA, new genus
PLATE 1, Figure 2; PLATE 7, FicuRE 50; PLATE 11, Ficures 74, 74a, 74b; PLate 19,
FIGurE 118
Genotype.—Dasycera newmanella Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadel-
phia, vol. 2, p. 428, 1864.
Head smooth, tongue developed ; antenna thickened with scales; cili-
ated in male; basal segment without pecten. Labial palpus long, slen-
der; second segment thickened with appressed scales; third segment
shorter than second, slender, acute.
Fore wing narrow, costa straight or gently arched; apex narrowly
rounded ; 12 veins; 2 about as near to 8 as 4 isto 5; 7 and 8 stalked, both
to costa; 11 from about middle of cell; cell not much longer than one-
half the length of wing.
Hind wing about as wide as fore wing; costa gently convex; 8 veins;
3 and 4 connate; 5 nearer to 6 than to 4.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 230
Male genitalia—Harpe without clasper. Anellus with lateral proc-
esses. Vesica armed. Gnathos and uncus well developed.
Female genitalia —Genital plate partly sclerotized. Ductus bursae
with blind sac from ventral surface. Signum present.
Remarks —The species newmanella has been placed in several dif-
ferent genera by various authors, but I have found it impossible to
include our North American specimens in any of the established
genera.
Walsingham * has discussed the confusion arising from the descrip-
tion of two species with the name sulphurella by Fabricius, and sup-
pressed the genus Oecophora as a result. He was erroneous in this, as
brought out by Meyrick,‘7 who resurrected Oecophora and separated
it from Dasycera. Dasycera Stephens (1829) is synonymous with
Dasycerus Haworth (1828), the latter being preoccupied by Dasycerus
Brongniart (1800). Hsperia is therefore the proper generic
name for the European species, as pointed out by Fletcher.** This
name is not available for our American species since the two, newman-
ella and sulphurella, are not congeneric.
In Esperia the costa of the fore wing is concave, the cell reaches to
outer two-thirds, vein 2 is remote from 3; 3, 4, and 5 are about equidis-
tant at their bases. In the hind wing vein 5 is much nearer to 4 than to
6. Inthe male genitalia the clasper is present and the vesica 1s without
armature. (I have not seen a female of H’speria.)
The genus Mathildana differs from E'speria by the straight or convex
costa of fore wing, the short cell, which does not extend much past the
center of the wing, and the approximation of vein 2 to 3. In the
hind wing vein 5 is nearer to 6 than to 4. In the male the clasper is
absent, and the vesica is strongly armed.
MATHILDANA NEWMANELLA (Clemens), new combination
Dasycera newmanella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 2, p. 428, 1864;
in Stainton, Tineina of North America, p. 252, 1872.—“%Etier, Verh. zool.-bot.
Ges. Wien, vol. 23, p. 289, 1873.—CHAMBeErRS, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr.
Bull. 3, p. 145, 1877.—BruTenMULLER, in Smith, Catalogue of the insects of
New Jersey, p. 357, 1890.—Ritey, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, No. 5545, 1891.—Dietz, in Smith, Catalogue of the insects
of New Jersey, p. 476, 1900.—Buscx, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No.
5982, 1903.—Meryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 180, p. 22, 1922.—
GAEDE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 88, p. 18, 1938 —McDunnovuecH,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America
(Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8353, 1939.
46 Walsingham, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lepidoptera—Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 141, 1912.
«7 Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 20-21, 1922.
4 Fletcher, Mem. Dept. Agr. India (Ent. ser.), vol. 11, p. 85, 1929.
238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Oecophora newmanella (Clemens) Krarrort, in Smith, Check list of the Lepidop-
tera of Boreal America, No. 6478, 19038.—Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol.
35, p. 203, 1908.—Barnes and McDunnovueu, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Boreal America, No. 6499, 1917.—BarNnes and Buscx, Contr. Lepid. North
America, vol. 4, pl. 38, fig. 6, 1920.—Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat.,
Memoir 68, p. 249, 1923; in Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir
101, p. 546, 1928.—Brimtey, The insects of North Carolina, p. 304, 1938.
Labial palpus orange-yellow; third segment with brownish suffu-
sion. Tongue yellow. Face, tegula, collar, and basal segment of
antenna brassy; remainder of antenna shining purplish black except
for about eight terminal segments, which are silvery white. Head,
thorax, and fore wing dusky black with a pronounced purple luster ;
from base of wing, along fold, an orange-yellow dash extending to
basal fifth; in cell, a similarly colored, longitudinal dash reaching
slightly past middle of wing (in some specimens the orange dashes
are weak or absent, this is especially true of the southern examples) ;
cilia fuscous, lighter apically. Hind wing dark fuscous; cilia lighter.
Legs shining brassy. Abdomen fuscous above with a faint purple
sheen ; brassy below.
Male genitalia—Harpe narrow; divided beyond sacculus; sacculus
broad; cucullus sharply pointed. Anellus a small plate; lateral proc-
esses long, flattened, dilated distally. Aedeagus moderately short,
stout; vesica armed with numerous long, straight cornuti. Vinculum
narrowly rounded. Gnathos broad, thick, slightly excavated posteri-
orly and terminating in a long, sharply pointed process. Uncus long,
pointed.
Female genitalia—Genital plate narrow; sclerotized posteriorly.
Ostium rather broad, oval, opening in membranous anterior part of
genital plate. Ductus bursae narrowly sclerotized adjacent to ostium,
with short blind sac from ventral surface anterior to sclerotized part;
inception of ductus seminalis well before ostium. Bursa copulatrix
large, asymmetrical; signum a lightly sclerotized elongate, weakly
spined plate.
Alar expanse, 14-19 mm.
Type.—In the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Type locality “Virginia.”
Food plant.—Unknown.
Distribution.—Kastern United States and eastern Canada.
United States records
District of Columbia: Washington, ¢ (no date or collector).
Maryland: ¢ (May 30, 1916, A. Buseck); Q (May 30, 1906, H. S. Barber).
New Hampshire: Hampton, 2 ¢ ¢ (10-11-VI-1911, S. A. Shaw).
New Jersey: Greenwood Lake, 9 (June 10, 1900, Wm. Beutenmiiller).
New York: Numerous localities (vide Forbes).
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 239
North Carolina: Black Mountains, 6 6 6,4 2 2 (May 3-27, Wm. Beutenmiiller) ;
Mount Graybeard, ¢ (‘“‘V—26,” Wm. Beutenmiiller).
Ohio: Cincinnati, 4 ¢ ¢ (28-V-1904, A. F. Braun) ; @ (‘5-23-03,” no collector) ;
Cuyahoga County, 2 (9-VI-1898, W. D. Kearfott).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, 2 ¢ ¢ (10-VI-1907, 10-21-1907, H. D. Merrick).
Vermont: 2 ¢ ¢ (no date or collector).
Virginia: Mountain Lake, 2 $¢ ¢ (June 14, 1907, A. F. Braun) ; Virginia shore,
opposite Plummers Island, Md., 6 (May 28, 1914, R. C. Shannon) ; Wood-
stock, 2 (June 1, 1903; no collector).
Canadian records
Ontario: Bala (July 19, 1932, G. S. Walley) ; Fishers Glen (June 12, 1931, W. J.
Brown) ; Georgian Bay (July 13, 1932, G. S. Walley) ; Leamington (June 8,
1929, G. S. Walley) ; Orillia (June 26, July 2, 1926, C. H. Curran) ; Ottawa, ¢
(19-V1-1905, C. H. Young) ; Point Pelee (July 22, 1927, F. P. Ide).
Quebec: Knowlton (June 24, 1929, G. S. Walley) ; Laval County (July 18, 1907) ;
Mount St. Hilaire (July 1, 1909) ; Oka (June 12, 1911) ; St. Johns (June 19,
1911, G. Chagnon).
Remarks.—The specimens from North Carolina have little or no
orange color in the center of the wing but otherwise agree with the
specimens from more northern localities.
15. CAROLANA, new genus
PLATE 1, FicURE 3; PLATE 7, FicurE 49; PLate 10, Ficures 69, 69a, 69b;
PLATE 16, FIGURE 96; PLATE 17, Figure 108
Genotype.—Borkhausenia ascriptella Busck, Can. Ent., vol. 40, p.
194, 1908.
Head with closely appressed scales; tongue well developed; antenna
strongly ciliated in male, simple in female; basal segment with strong
pecten; labial palpus long, slender, smooth; third segment nearly as
long as second. Abdomen armed with peculiar, short, stout, trun-
cated setae. Thorax smoothly scaled.
Fore wing elongate, costa gently arched; apex pointed; 12 veins;
2 distant from 3; 3, 4, and 5 equidistant; 7 and 8 long stalked, both
to costa; 10 distant from 9; 11 from basal fourth of cell.
Hind wing narrower than fore wing; apex pointed; 8 and 4 stalked
from angle of cell; 6 and 7 subparallel; cell shorter than one half the
length of wing.
Male genitalia—Clasper absent. Anellus without lateral processes.
Vesica armed. Uncus and gnathos present. Socii absent.
Female genitalia—Genital plate membranous. Ductus_ bursae
partly sclerotized. Signum present.
Remarks.—This genus may be distinguished from Borkhausenia
by the following characters: In Carolana vein 2 of the fore wing is
distant from 3, 10 is distant from 9, 11 from basal fourth, and there
is no internal cell. In the hind wing 3 and 4 are stalked and the cell
240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
is shorter than one-half the length of the wing. The clasper is
absent in the male genitalia, and the ductus bursae of the female is
partly sclerotized. In Borkhausenia veins 2 to 5 of the fore wing are
equidistant, 10 is near 9, 11 is from about middle of cell, and the
internal cell is present. In the hind wing 3 and 4 are approximate
and the cell is about half as long as the wing. In the male genitalia
the clasper is present and in the female genitalia the ductus bursae
is membranous.
The genotype is the only species I have seen referable to this
genus.
CAROLANA ASCRIPTELLA (Busck), new combination
Borkhausenia ascriptella BuscK, Can. Ent., vol. 40, p. 194, 1908; Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 204, 1908.—Barnes and McDunnoucH, Check list of
the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6505, 1917.—BaArnes and BUScK,
Contr. Lepid. North America, vol. 4, p. 235, 1920.—Mryrick, in Wytsman,
Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 40, 1922.—Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp.
Stat. Memoir 68, p. 249, 1923; in Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat.
Memoir 101, p. 546, 1928—Proctrr, Biological survey of the Mount Desert
Region: The insect fauna, p. 272, 1938—GaEpE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum
catalogus, pt. 88, p. 51, 1988 —McDunnovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8369, 1939.
Labial palpus, antenna, face, head, thorax, and fore wing straw
colored, shining. Second segment of labial palpus shaded with black-
ish fuscous exteriorly on basal half. Antenna indistinctly and nar-
rowly annulated with fuscous. Fore wing irrorated with blackish
fuscous; base of costa, a large spot at basal third, in cell, and one
at end of cell, blackish fuscous; cilia straw colored, more ochreous
basally. Hind wing pale light fuscous; cilia ochreous basally fading
to straw color outwardly. Legs straw colored, strongly overlaid
with blackish fuscous exteriorly except at joints and on hind tibia
and tarsus. Abdomen shining whitish-ochreous.
Male genitalia—Harpe narrow; cucullus rounded. Anellus deeply
incised on posterior edge. Aedeagus large, stout, sharply pointed,
sharply curved basally; vesica armed with a single, long, sharply
pointed, strong cornutus. Vinculum narrowly rounded. Gnathos
very broad, shovel-shaped and very closely approximated to the
slender, pointed uncus.
Female genitalia—Genital plate membranous. Ostium broad, an-
terior edge concave. Ductus bursae slender, twisted, sclerotized in
posterior two-thirds, the sclerotized portion bearing numerous small
teeth on inner surface; ductus seminalis entering well before ostium.
Bursa copulatrix large, oval; signum a weakly sclerotized, toothed
plate.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 241
Alar expanse, 9-12 mm.
Type.—In the United States National Museum.
Type locality —Oak Station, Allegheny County, Pa.
Food plant.—Unknown.
Distribution—Eastern United States from Maryland northward
to Maine.
United States records
Connecticut: East River, ¢ (July 8, 1909, Charles R. Ely).
District of Columbia: Anacostia, ¢, @ (7-VI-1910, P. R. Myers).
Maryland: Plummers Island, 4 ¢ 46,2 22 (June 1903, A. Busck).
New Hampshire: 2 6 ¢ (A. Busck).
New Jersey: Essex County Park, ¢, 9 (June 24-30, W. D. Kearfott) ; Mont-
clair, 2 66,3 22 (June, July dates, 1913, 1920, W. D. Kearfott).
New York: Ithaca (teste Forbes).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, 3 ¢ ¢ (June, July, 1907 and 1911, H. D. Merrick) ;
Oak Station, Allegheny County, 14 ¢6,6 292 (June, July dates, 1911,
Fred Marloff).
Remarks.—This species has been recorded *° from Mexico and Costa
Rica but the specimens I have seen, determined as this species, are
referable to other genera.
16. Genus DECANTHA Busck
PuateE 3, Ficure 19; Puate 7, Figure 55; Puatre 10, Ficures 66, 66a;
PLATE 14, Ficure 91
Decantha Buscxk, Proe. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 202, 1908; vol. 47, p. 31,
1915.—WALSINGHAM, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 4, p.
422, 1915.—Barnes and McDunnovuaH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, p. 161, 1917.—Meryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum,
fase. 180, p. 24, 1922.—Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68,
p. 248, 1923; in Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 101, p. 546,
1928.— FLETCHER, Mem. Dept. Agr. India (Ent. Ser.), vol. 11, p. 64, 1929.—
GAEDE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 88, p. 28, 1938. (Genotype:
Oecophora borkhausenii Zeller, Isis von Oken, vol. 8, p. 192, 1839.)
Head smooth; tongue developed. Antenna ciliated in male; basal
segment with pecten. Labial palpus long, recurved; second segment
roughened in front and thickened with appressed scales; terminal
segment shorter than second, acute.
Fore wing elongate, pointed, 11 veins; 2 from toward angle, 3
from angle, 7 and 8 coincident, to costa; 11 from middle.
Hind wing narrower than fore wing, 8 veins; 3 and 4 remote, 4
from angle; 5 to 7 parallel.
Male genitalia—Harpe without clasper. Anellus with elongate,
strap-like, lateral processes. Gnathos not spined. Vesica with strong
cornuti. Uncus pointed.
49 Walsingham, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 148, 1912.
286614—41——_14
242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Female genitalia—Ductus bursae lightly sclerotized posteriorly.
Signum present.
Remarks.—This genus is similar to Fabiola in having veins 7 and 8
of the fore wing coincident. It may be distinguished, however, by the
presence of pecten on the basal segment of the antenna, the presence of
strong cornuti on the vesica of the male, and the presence of a signum
in the female.
There is a single North American species belonging to this genus.
DECANTHA BOREASELLA (Chambers)
PLATE 20, Figures 125, 125a; PLATE 39, Figure 211
Oecophora boreasella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., vol. 5, p. 189, 1873; Cincinnati Quart.
Journ. Sci., vol. 2, p. 114, 292, 1875; U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 3,
p. 129, 141, 1877.—Rury, in Smith, List of Lepidoptera of Boreal America,
No. 5550, 1891.—Busck, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5921, 1908.
Borkhausenia boreasella (Chambers) Kerarrotr, in Smith, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6468, 1903 (as a synonym of Bork-
hausenia borkhausenii [Zeller]).
Decantha boreasella (Chambers) Buscx, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 202,
1908.—Barnes and McDunnoucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, No. 6497, 1917.—Meryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc.
180, p. 24, 1922.—IForses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Hxp. Stat. Memoir 68, p.
248, 1923; in Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 101, p. 546,
1928.—GAEDE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 88, p. 23, 1938—Mc-
DunnovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States
of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8358, 1939 (as a synonym of
Decantha borkhausenii [Chambers] ).
Borkhausenia borkhausenti (Zeller) Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 984,
1904.
Labial palpus white overlaid and irrorated with black. Antenna
checkered black and white. Head black, with a reddish luster and
mixed with white posterodorsally. Thorax and fore wing shining
golden; base of tegula and collar narrowly black; base of wing black,
outer margin of the black basal patch concave and edged with white;
the color of the basal patch is narrowly continued along the costal
edge to apical fourth; at basal third a triangular area (broadest at
costa) of black crosses the wing to the inner corner of a quadrate
black spot on the inner margin; from middle of costa, to apical fourth,
a rectangular black area extending past the middle of wing, and
joined by its inner corner to the outer corner of the spot on the inner
margin; the outer corner of the rectangular costal spot extends to
tornus where it broadens and fades to reddish brown; all spots are
edged outwardly with white and the spot on the inner margin is
edged inwardly with white: at apex a black spot; cilia golden
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 243
ochreous. Hind wing dark fuscous; cilia shining yellowish fuscous.
Legs black annulated with white at joints. Abdomen fuscous.
Male genitalia—Harpe broad, short, cucullus rounded; sacculus
rather strongly, though narrowly, sclerotized and produced as a
pointed process slightly beyond cucullus. Anellus consisting of two
long, flattened, truncated, lateral processes arising from a small basal
plate. Aedeagus relatively long, stout, nearly straight, bluntly
pointed; vesica armed with one long cornutus with lateral serrations
and a smaller, stout, hooked distal one. Vinculum bluntly pointed.
Gnathos truncate. Uncus long, pointed.
Female genitalia—Genital plate lightly sclerotized posteriorly;
ostium long, narrow, opening in anterior membranous part of genital
plate. Ductus bursae strongly sclerotized in posterior two-thirds,
posterior third somewhat narrower than anterior part ; at middle, from
inner surface several long slender spines; inception of ductus seminalis
at posterior two-thirds. Bursa copulatrix small; signum a poorly
developed, elongate plate.
Alar expanse, 10-15 mm.
Type.—tIn the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
Type locality.—Not stated.
Food plant—Unknown.
Distribution.—F ar-western United States and Canada and North-
eastern United States.
United States records
Arizona: Huachuca Mountains, @ (no date); Pinal Mountains, ¢ (July 1900,
Kunze).
California: Burney Falls, Shasta County, 2 (20-VII-1871, Walsingham) ; Camp
Baldy, San Bernardino Mountains, 9 (June 24-30).
District of Columbia: ¢ (A. Busck).
Massachusetts: Cohasset, ¢ (July 6, 1907, Owen Bryant).
Canadian records
British Columbia: Kaslo, 2 ¢ ¢ (29-VI-1903; 25-VII-1903, H. G. Dyar) ; Seton
Lake, Lillooet, ¢ (9-VI-1926, J. McDunnough).
Remarks.—In Chambers’ description he gives the dark areas of the
fore wing, head, palpi, etc., as “reddish-brown.” In the fresh speci-
mens before me these parts are distinctly black, but worn specimens
are brownish. In view of this I feel that his description was written
from a faded specimen.
This is the species that has been listed as a synonym of the Euro-
pean borkhausenii with which it is definitely congeneric; but a com-
parison of the figures will adequately show the differences.
244. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
17. Genus FABIOLA Busck
PLATE 3, FicuRE 25; PLATE 6, Ficure 41; Piate 8, Ficures 61, 61a; PLAate 16,
FIGURE 95
Fabiola Buscxk, Proc. U. 8S. Nat Mus., vol. 35, p. 202, 1908.—Barnrs and Mc-
DunnovucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 161, 1917.—
MEyrIck, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 180, p. 23, 1922.—ForpEs,
Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 248, 1923; in Leonard, Cornell
Uniy. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 101, p. 546, 1928.—FtercHer, Mem. Dept. Agr.
India (Ent. Ser.), vol. 11, p. 96, 1929.—Garpr, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum
catalogus, pt. 88, p. 22, 1938.—Brimtiry, The insects of North Carolina, p. 304,
1938. (Genotype: Oecophora shaleriella Chambers, Cincinnati Quart.
Journ. Sci., vol. 2, p. 114, 1875.)
Head with smooth, appressed scales and spreading side tufts; tongue
developed; antenna strongly ciliated in male; basal segment without
pecten. Labial palpus long, slender, curved, smooth; terminal seg-
ment as long as second.
Fore wing elongate; 11 veins, 2 from well before angle, 7 and 8
coincident, to costa.
Hind wing narrow, ovate-lanceolate, 8 veins; 3 and 4 connate or
approximate; 6 and 7 parallel.
Male genitalia—Harpe without clasper. Anellus with lateral pro-
cesses. Tegumen broad. Gnathos not spined. Socii absent. Uncus
present.
Female genitalia.—Genital plate strongly sclerotized, protruding;
ductus bursae membranous; signum absent.
Remarks.—A. derivative of Schiffermilleria, differing from it in
having veins 7 and 8 of the fore wing coincident, and a slender
extension of the sacculus.
This genus contains two described North American species.
FABIOLA SHALERIELLA (Chambers)
Oecophora shaleriella CHAMBERS, Cincinnati Quart. Journ. Sci., vol. 2, p. 114,
1875.
Fabiola shaleriella (Chambers), Mmryricx, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum,
fase. 180, p. 23, 1922.—Forpes, in Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat.,
Memoir 101, p. 546, 1928.—Braun, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vel. 61, p. 46,
1935.—McDunNoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the
United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8356, 1939.
Oecophora shalleriella Ritey, in Smith, List of Lepidoptera of Boreal America,
No. 5557, 1891.—Busck, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5928, 1903.
Borkhausenia shatleriella, KEARFOTT, in Smith, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Boreal America, No. 6474, 1903.
Fabiola shalleriella Buscx, Proce. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 202, 1908.—Barngs
and McDunwnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No.
6498, 1917.—ForBEs, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 68, p. 248, 1923.—
FLETCHER, Mem. Dept. Agr. India (Ent. Ser.), vol. 11, p. 96, 1929.—GarEng,
im Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 838, p. 22, 1938.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 245
Labial palpus shining white; second segment narrowly edged with
fuscous anteriorly and at apex; third segment wholly overlaid with
fuscous. Antenna shining greenish fuscous narrowly and faintly
annulated with silvery white. Face shining white. Head and thorax
iridescent greenish fuscous, this color continued to base of fore wing
and narrowly around its edges; at basal forth of fore wing, from inner
margin, a conspicuous, transverse, white fascia, which does not reach
costa and is narrowly edged inwardly and outwardly with black; in
costal half of the white fascia numerous metallic blue scales; between
this fascia and the base of wing a large golden-ochreous spot, lighter
centrally ; slightly before apex, on costa, a white spot; from this spot a
short, transverse, black-edged fascia extends almost to inner margin;
between this fascia and that at basal fourth the ground color is golden-
ochreous, this color also between the outer metallic fascia and apex;
from costa, in the area between the two fasciae, an elongate greenish-
fuscous shade streaked with white and extending nearly to middle of
wing; on middle inner margin an elongate, irregular velvety black
spot containing three small spots of metallic blue scales. Between this
black spot and the fuscous costal shade a pale, yellowish longitudinal
streak; extreme apex white preceded by fuscous; cilia shining fuscous
except at tornus; there creamy white. Hind wing blackish fuscous
except for a whitish baso-costal area; cilia shining fuscous. Legs sil-
very white shaded with fuscous. Abdomen greenish fuscous above,
silvery white beneath.
Male genitalia.—Harpe broad, sparsely hairy; costa convex; cucullus
sharply pointed. Anellus with long, curved, pointed lateral processes ;
lateral process with double row of minute setae for most of length.
Aedeagus slender, slightly curved. Vinculum broadly rounded.
Gnathos long, rugose toward distal end, which is truncated. Uncus
long, sharply pointed. Tegumen produced laterally into a point.
Female genitalia—Genital plate strongly sclerotized, convex,
broader anteriorly than posteriorly. Ostium longitudinal, nearly
spindle-shaped. Ductus bursae slender; ductus seminalis at posterior
third of ductus bursae. Bursa copulatrix oval.
Alar expanse, 10-15 mm.
Type.—tIn the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
Type locality—Camp Bee Spring, Ky.
Food plant.—Unknown.
Distribution.—Eastern United States and Canada.
United States records
Connecticut: Stamford, ¢ (June 10, 1930, B. T. R. Lab., eoll.).
Kentucky: Camp Bee Spring.
Maryland: Plummers Island, ¢, 2 (31—-V-—1908, A. Busck).
246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 96
New York: Bear Mountain, 2 4, @ (138-VI-1925, F. M. Schott).
Pennsylvania: New Brighton, ¢ (24-VI-1907, H. D. Merrick) ; Oak Station,
Allegheny County, 11 ¢¢, 3 9@Q (11-18-VI-1911, Fred Marloff) ; Ohio
Pyle, 6,3 2 9, (10-VI-1906, Henry Engel) ; Pittsburgh, 2 ¢ ¢ ((610-
VI-1906, Henry Engel) ; York, 3 ¢¢ 2 2@ (11-VI-1901 and 10—-VI-1902,
W. D. Kearfott).
Virginia: Great Falls, 31 6 6,2 22 (May dates, 1919-1922, A. Busck).
Canadian records
Ontario: Severn (June 17, 1925, C. H. Curran).
Remarks.—This and the following species are the only two, described
from North America, referable to the genus Fabiola.
FABIOLA TECTA Braun
PLATE 20, Ficures 119, 119a
Fabiola tecta Braun, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. vol. 61, p. 45, 1935.—BriMLey,
Insects of North Carolina, p. 304, 1938.—McDunnouaGH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Micro-
lepidoptera), No. 8357, 1939.
Similar to shaleriella but smaller, with the golden-ochreous areas
of the fore wing replaced by yellow, the median black area extending
almost across the wing and containing three longitudinal metallic-blue
streaks, and with the fuscous areas and cilia of both wings more
blackish.
Male genitalia —Similar to shaleriella but with the harpe broader,
cucullus more acutely pointed and with the lobes of the tegumen
shorter and more bluntly pointed.
Alar expanse, 9-10 mm.
Type.—tiIn Dr. A. F. Braun collection, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Type locality —Near Natural Bridge, McCreary County, Ky.
Food plant.—Unknown.
Distribution—Known only from Kentucky.
United States records
Kentucky: Cumberland Valley, Letcher County, 2 ¢¢ (1-VII-1935, A. F.
Braun).
Remarks.—The two males listed above were sent to me by Dr.
Braun. I have seen no other specimens.
This species is amply distinct from shaleriella in markings and
genitalia.
18. Genus SCHIFFERMULLERIA Hiibner
PLATE 2, FicguRE 18; PLATE 7, FiGuRE 56; PLATE 13, FicurEs 82, 82a; PLATE 16,
FIGURE 98
Schiffernuilleria HUBnrER, Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge, p, 421, 1826.—
STEPHENS, Illustrations of British entomology, Haustellata, vol. 4, p. 423,
1835.—WALSINGHAM and DuRANT, Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 45, p. 156, 1909.—
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 247
WALSINGHAM, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 421-422,
1912.—_Mryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 26-27, 1922.—
Forbes, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 246-248, 1925. (Geno-
type: Phalaena Tinea schaefferella Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p.
541, 1758.)
Ohrysia Mitirére, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 61, 1854. (Genotype:
Pancalia grandis Desvignes, Entomologist, vol. 1, p. 342, 1842.)
Head smooth, side tufts slightly raised; tongue developed; an-
tenna ciliated; basal segment without pecten. Labial palpus long,
recurved, smooth or slightly roughened; terminal segment shorter or
as long as second segment.
Fore wing elongate, apex pointed; 12 veins; 2 from well before angle;
38 and 4 approximate; 7 and 8 stalked, both to costa, 11 from before
middle.
Hind wing narrower than fore wing, costa gently arched, 8 veins;
3 and 4 connate, 5 nearer to 4 than to 6; 6 and 7 subparallel.
Male genitalia—Harpe ample. Anellus with lateral extensions.
Gnathos a broad, unspined band. Socii absent. Uncus well
developed.
Female genitalia—Genital plate strongly sclerotized ; ductus bursae
wholly membranous or slightly sclerotized for part of its length;
signum present or absent.®°
Remarks.—Busck * recognized five species in this genus (but placed
them under the name /’picallima). Of these I have synonymized one,
dimidiella, with quadrimaculella and have placed coloradella in the
Ethmiidae. The genus “’thmia, as it now stands, is not a homogeneous
assemblage of species and will accommodate coloradella. The proper
generic placement of this species must await a revision of the Ethmi-
idae, and for that reason no further treatment of coloradella is given
in this paper. In 1912 °? Busck added ducidella; Meyrick described
antidectis in 1914°* and rostrigera in 1918.54 The first, Zucidella,
belongs in Schiffermiilleria, antidectis is referable to T'vriclonella in
the family Cosmopterygidae, and rostrigera is a synonym of coloradella
(new synonymy). In 1923°° Braun added amplicincta which is a
synonym of edzthella. I have retained the generic name F'picallima
for argenticinctella (Clemens) and have associated the European
formosella (Schiffermiiller) with it. The latter has become estab-
lished in the United States in recent years. This leaves three North
American species referable to the genus Schiffermiilleria.
50 There is only a single female each of edithella and lucidella available for study. The
bursa copulatrix of edithella is missing, and that of lucidella, although partly obscured,
appears to lack a signum.
51 Busck, A., Proc. U. S, Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 201, 1908 (argenticinctella, edithella,
coloradella, dimidiella, and quadrimaculelia.)
52 Buseck, A., Ent. News, vol. 3, p. 170, 1912.
58 Meyrick, E., Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 1, p. 218, 1914.
'& Ibid., vol. 2, p. 237, 1918.
® Braun, A. F., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 49, p. 117, 1923.
248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SCHIFFERMULLERIA BASED ON
COLORATION
1. Ground color of fore wing dark brown to black with conspicuous
white or whitish markings; no metallic scaling.
quadrimaculella (Chambers) (p. 248)
Ground color and @narkings otherwise seve 4 ee88 ae oe so 2
2. Median longitudinal streak of fore wing reaching apex; deep
Tolden=vell Owe we ee ee ee, ee lucidella (Busck) (p. 251)
Median longitudinal streak of fore wing ending well before apex;
light golden=yellowle tes feel + suai roel tol edithella (Busck) (p. 250)
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SCHIFFERMULLERIA BASED ON
MALE GENITALIA
1. Lateral processes of anellus extending well beyond base of harpe____---- 2
Lateral processes of anellus short, not extending beyond base of
harpex(fosw22)e ese re Sse ae quadrimaculella (Chambers) (p. 248)
2. Costa of harpe slightly convex (fig. 121)_________ lucidella (Busck) (p. 251)
Costa of harpe deeply concave (fig. 120)_-.--___- edithella (Busck) (p. 250)
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SCHIFFERMULLERIA BASED ON
FEMALE GENITALIA
1. Anterior edge of genital plate straight or slightly concave; ostium
deeply V-shaped (fig. 218)____-____ quadrimaculella (Chambers) (p. 248)
Anterior edge of genital plate not straight or concave; ostium not
deeply V-shaped — 3.20 Fai oe Ny, A TaN ly ae 2
2. Anterior edge of genital plate strongly convex (fig. 214)
edithella (Busck) (p. 250)
Anterior edge of genital plate broadly forked (fig. 215)
lucidella (Busck) (p. 251)
SCHIFFERMULLERIA QUADRIMACULELLA (Chambers)
PLATE 20, Figures 122, 122a; PLATE 39, FicuRE 213
Oecophora quadrimaculella CHAMBERS, Cincinnati Quart. Journ. Sci., vol. 2, p. 292,
1877; U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 3, p. 129, 1877; p. 159, 1878.— RitEy,
in Smith, List of Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5556, 1891—Busckx, in
Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 5927, 1903.
Borkhausenia quadrimaculella (Chambers) Krarrott, in Smith, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6473, 1903.
Epicallima quadrimaculella (Chambers) Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35,
p. 202, 1908.—Barnes and McDunnoucGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, No. 6495, 1917.—Bravn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
vol. 73, p. 12, 1921.
Schiffermuelleria quadrimaculella (Chambers) Mryrick, in Wytsman, Genera
insectorum, fase. 180, p. 27, 1922.
Schiffermilleria quadrimaculella McDuNNoueH, Check list of the Lepidop-
tera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidop-
tera), No. 83865, 1939.
Oecophora dimidiella WALSINGHAM, Ins. Life, vol. 1, p. 148, 1888.—Rury, in Smith,
List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5554, 1891.—Busck, in Dyar,
U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No, 5925, 1903.—ANpbeERson, Catalogue of British
Columbia Lepidoptera, No. 1098, 1904. (New synonymy.)
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 249
Borkhausenia dimidiella (Walsingham) Kerarrott, in Smith, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6471, 1903.—Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol, 27, p. 767, 1904.
Epicallima dimidielia (Walsingham) Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 202,
1908.—Barnes and McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, No. 6493, 1917.—TREHERNE, Sci. Agr., vol. 1, p. 116-118, 1921—
Braun, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 73, p. 12, 1921.—HssiIe, Insects
of Western North America, p. 719, 1926.
Schiffermuelleria dimidiella (Walsingham) Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera in-
sectorum, fase. 180, p. 27, 1922.
Schiffermiiileria dimidiella (Walsingham) Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat.
Memoir 68, p. 247, 1923.—Braun, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 51, p. 197,
1925.—McDunnovueHu, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United
States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8364, 1939.
Palpus black; second segment with a white longitudinal streak in-
wardly; apex of third segment white. Head and basal segment of
antenna white to yellowish; antenna black with white spot above
on each segment. Thorax, fore wing and cilia, and abdomen dark
brown to black. Fore wing with four white or yellowish spots, two
on costa and two on inner margin. Hind wing fuscous; cilia con-
colorous. Legs dark brown to black with whitish to yellowish in-
wardly; tarsi annulated with white or yellowish.
Male genitalia—Costa straight; cucullus pointed; sacculus broad,
lightly sclerotized. Anellus with short, slender, lateral processes.
Vinculum rounded. Aedeagus slender, weak. Gnathos truncated.
Uncus bluntly pointed.
Female genitalia—Genital plate rectangular, moderately sclero-
tized; ostium V-shaped. Bursa copulatrix oval, signum a single,
strongly sclerotized curved thorn.
Alar expanse, 11-20 mm.
Types.—In Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
(2) (quadrimaculelia) ; in British Museum (dimidiella).
Type localities—Clear Creek, Colo. (quadrimaculella) ; Sonoma
County, Calif. (dimidiella).
Distribution—North-central and Western United States and
Canada.
United States records
Arizona: Redington, 2 ¢¢, @ (no date or collector) ; Santa Catalina Moun-
tains, ° (no date or collector).
California: Camp Baldy, San Bernardino Mountains, 2 (July 16-23) ; Monache
Meadows, Tulare County, 8,000 feet, 2 (July 8-14); Sonoma County, 9
(19-V-1871, Walsingham) ; Tuolumne Meadows, Tuolumne County, 2 (July
16-23).
Colorado: Custer County, 2 (Wm. Beutenmiiller) ; Florissant, ¢ (July 8, 1907,
S. A. Rohwer) ; Peaceful Valley, 2 (July 5, W. P. and T. D. A. Cockerell) ;
Silverton, 2 92992 (July 2431); $4, labeled only “Colorado,” Wm.
Beutenmiiller).
250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Minnesota: Duluth, @ (no date or collector).
Montana: ¢ (J. Brunner); Two Medicine Lake (15-VII-20) ; Going-to-the-
Sun (18-21-VII-20 (teste Braun).
Oregon: Ashland, ¢ (7—XI-1917, A. J. Wagner; [rf. Pinus ponderosa]).
Utah: Bear Lake (29-VI-1924) (teste Braun).
Washington: Metaline Falls, ¢, 2 (12-VI-81, W. D. Bedard [from pine slabs]) ;
Pullman, 4 ¢@ ¢ (14-V-1930, F. G. Hinman), 2 ¢ ¢ (11-V—1930, 19-VI-1930,
J. F. G. Clarke), 2 (19-VI-1930, T. M. Clarke); Tieton, ¢ (12-V-1931,
Fred P. Dean).
Canadian records
Alberta: Bilby, 27 66,8 22 (June 18 to July 4, 1924, Owen Bryant).
British Columbia: Kaslo, ¢ (S0-IV-1905, J. W. Cockle) ; Victoria, 3 ¢¢, 9?
(June dates, W. R Carter) ; Wellington, 9 (June 22, 1904, G. W. Taylor).
Remarks—I have two specimens before me that were determined
by Walsingham as his dimidiella. These do not differ in any detail
from quadrimaculella. I therefore believe the synonymy is correct.
The life history of this species is imperfectly known, but the larva
appears to feed on the refuse that collects in the cracks of bark.
SCHIFFERMULLERIA EDITHELLA (Busck)
PLATE 20, Figures 120, 120a; Piate 39, Ficure 214
Epicallima edithella Buscx, Journ. New York Ent. Soe., vol. 15, p. 138, 1907;
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 201, 1908.—Barnes and McDunnoucH,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6491, 1917.
Schiffermuelleria edithella (Busck) Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum,
fase. 180, p. 26, 1922.
Schiffermiilleria edithella (Busck) Forsers, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir
68, p. 247, 1923.— Braun, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 61, p. 46, 1935.—McDun-
NoucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of
America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8362, 1939.
Epicallima amplicincta Braun, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 49, p. 117, 1923. (New
synonymy. )
Palpus yellowish white, with fuscous scaling outwardly on third
segment and tip of second. Face whitish. Head, antenna, thorax,
and abdomen dark brown to black. Tip of antenna silvery white.
Fore and hind wings dark brown, the fore wing with median longi-
tudinal light golden streak ending well before apex; base and a trans-
verse band at basal third golden, margined with brown; between the
base and the band a metallic, blue-tinged fascia; on costal edge of
longitudinal golden streak two bluish metallic dashes separated by
a costal lobe of the golden color. Cilia of fore and hind wings dark
brown. Fore and middle legs yellowish; fore pair fuscous outwardly ;
middle tibia fuscous outwardly on distal half; hind legs grayish
exteriorly, yellowish inwardly.
Male genitalia——Costa of harpe deeply concave; cucullus truncate;
sacculus broad but not strongly sclerotized; costa and sacculus clothed
with strong hairs. Lateral extensions of anellus long, curved, pointed.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 2
Vinculum rounded. Aedeagus slender, slightly dilated basally.
Uncus pointed.
Female genitalia—Genital plate broad, strongly sclerotized; an-
terior edge convex. Ostium margined posteriorly with broad, finely
scobinate prominences. [Ductus bursa and bursa copulatrix missing
in only specimen available for study. |
Alar expanse, 9-11 mm.
Types.—In United States National Museum (edithella) ; in collec-
tion of Dr. A. F. Braun, Cincinnati, Ohio (amplicincta).
Type localities—Center Harbor, N. H. (edithella); Cincinnati,
Ohio (amplicincta).
Food plant—Unknown (probably lichens).
Distribution.—Eastern United States.
United States records
Kentucky: Powell River, 2 (June 26, A. F. Braun).
New Hampshire: Center Harbor, ¢ (July 22, 1902, H. G. Dyar).
Ohio: Cincinnati, 2 ¢¢ (June 5d, June 13, 1918, A. F. Braun).
Pennsylvania: Delaware Water Gap, 2 (no date or collector).
Virginia: Great Falls, ¢ (June 13, 1919, A. Buseck).
Remarks.—Through the courtesy of Dr. Braun I was able to obtain
a paratype of her species. There is no doubt about the synonymy.
Although the species is rare in collections it is probably common.
SCHIFFERMULLERIA LUCIDELLA (Busck)
PLATE 20, Fiaures 121, 121a; PLatTH 39, Ficure 215
Epicallima lucidella Buscx, Ent. News, vol. 23, p. 170, 1912—Barnes and Mo-
DuNNovuGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6495, 1917.—
Brawn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 49, p. 118, 1923.
Schiffermuelleria lucidella (Buseck) Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum,
fase. 180, p. 26, 1922.
Schiffermiilleria lucidella (Busck) Fores, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir
68, p. 247, 1923.—McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and
the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8359, 1939.
Much like the foregoing species, but with the median longitudinal
streak much darker and wider and extending to apex of wing.
Male genitalia —Costa of harpe slightly convex, with a sharp, tooth-
like projection near apex; cucullus bluntly pointed; sacculus broad,
lightly sclerotized. Lateral extensions of anellus very long, slender,
sharply pointed. Vinculum rounded. Aedeagus slender, dilated
basally.
Female genitalia—Genital plate strongly sclerotized, broad, con-
cave posteriorly and broadly forked anteriorly. Ostium small, round.
Alar expanse, 10-12 mm.
Type—tn the United States National Museum.
252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Type locality Oak Station, Allegheny County, Pa.
Food plant—Unknown (probably lichens).
Distribution—Kknown from the type locality only.
United States records
Pennsylvania: Oak Station, Allegheny County, 28 6 ¢,4 29 (June 4 to 23, 1911,
1912, Fred Marloff).
19. Genus CHAMBERSIA Riley
PuatTe 1, FieurE 4; PLate 6, Ficure 46; PLATE 12, Ficurrs 79, 79a; PLATE 19,
Fieuren 115
Chambersia RILEY, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 115,
1891.—Busck, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, p. 526, 1903.—Krarrort, in
Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 115, 1803.—Barnus and
MoDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 162,
1917.—BarNEs and Buscx, Contr. Lepid. North America, vol 4, p. 285, 1920.—
GAEDE, i271 Bryk, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 88, p. 49, 1988 (as synonym
of Borkhausenia). (Genotype: Blepharocera haydenella Chambers, U. S.
Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 3, p. 145, 1877.)
Blepharocera, Chambers, U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 3, p. 144, 1877
(preoccupied). (Genotype: Blepharocera haydenella Chambers, U. S. Geol.
Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 3, p. 145, 1877.)
Labial palpus long, slender; second segment roughened in front with
appressed scales; third segment shorter than second, acute. Tongue
developed. Antenna long, ciliated in male, serrate in female; basal
segment with pecten. Thorax smooth.
Fore wing rather narrow, broadest at apical third; costa straight,
apex bluntly pointed, termen oblique; 12 veins; 2 remote from 8; 8,
4, and 5 equidistant; 7 and 8 stalked, both to costa; 10 remote from 9; 11
from well before middle of cell; internal cell absent.
Hind wing narrower than fore wing; costa gently arched; apex
pointed ; 8 veins; 2 remote from 3; 3 and 4 connate; 5 strongly curved;
6 and 7 strongly divergent apically.
Male genitalia—Clasper absent. Anellus with lateral processes.
Vesica unarmed. Gnathos and uncus well developed.
Female genitalia—Genital plate partly membranous. Ductus
bursae membranous. Ductus seminalis from about middle of ductus
bursae. Signum present.
Remarks.—I am resurrecting Chambersia for haydenella, which I
am removing from Borkhausenia. This genus differs from Bork-
hausenia in having vein 2 of the fore wing remote from 3; 10 remote
from 9 and the internal cell absent. The hind wing is narrower than
the fore wing and veins 3 and 4 are connate. The male genitalia lack
a clasper and the signum is present in the female.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE aoe
CHAMBERSIA HAYDENELLA (Chambers)
PLATE 1, FIGURE 3
Blepharocera haydenella CHAMBERS, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Sury. Terr. Bull. 3, p.
144, 1877; Bull. 4, p. 132, 1878—F.ercHer, Mem. Dept. Agr. India (Ent.
Ser.), vol. 11, p. 33, 1929.
Chambersia haydenella (Chambers) RItey, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, No. 5547, 1891.—Busck, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52,
No. 5931, 1903.—KeEARFOTT, in Smith, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, No. 6477, 1903.—Barnes and McDuNNovuGH, Check list of
the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6503, 1917.—FLErcHER, Mem. Dept.
Agr. India (Ent. Ser.), vol. 11, p. 44, 1929.
Borkhausenia haydenella (Chambers) BARNES and Buscx, Contr. Lepid. North
America, vol. 4, p. 235, 1920.—Braun, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
vol. 73, p. 12, 1921.—Meryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p.
40, 1922.—McDunnovueH, Can. Ent., vol. 59, p. 271, 1927.—Garnpr, in Bryk,
Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 88, p. 59, 19838—-McDunnovueuH, Check list
of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2,
Microlepidoptera), No. 8370, 1939.
Labial palpus ochreous-white; second segment suffused with light
fuscous outwardly and mottled inwardly; third segment suffused with
fuscous outwardly. Antenna light fuscous; basal segment ochreous-
white above. Head, thorax, and ground color of fore wing grayish-
fuscous, strongly irrorated with white; a spot at base of costa, a
large spot at the center of the wing and another at the end of the
cell, fuscous; at apex a large fuscous spot connected with a similar,
but smaller spot at tornus, by a narrow fuscous band around termen
(all the dark markings are more or less indistinct and fused with
the ground color) ; cilia grayish fuscous. Hind wing fuscous; cilia
grayish fuscous. Legs ochreous-white strongly suffused with light
grayish fuscous. Abdomen shining grayish fuscous; silvery beneath.
Male genitalia.—Harpe short, broad ; costa strongly convex; cucullus
rounded; sacculus moderately broad, lightly sclerotized. Anellus a
small sclerotized plate with strong, curved, pointed, lateral processes;
the lateral processes are very broad basally. Aedeagus slender,
slightly curved, weak; vesica unarmed. Vinculum rounded. Gnathos
broad, with a short, sharp point and median posterior protuberance.
Uncus pointed.
Female genitalia—Genital plate broad, membranous anteriorly and
in middle. Ostium large, broadly oval. Ductus bursae short; incep-
tion of ductus seminalis slightly posterior to middle. Bursa copula-
trix oval; signum a small, weakly sclerotized, toothed plate.
Alar expanse, 12-17 mm,
Type.—tn the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
Type locality — Colorado.”
Food plant—Unknown.
Distribution —F¥rom Colorado northward to Alberta and westward
to Vancouver Island, British Columbia.
254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
United States records
Colorado: Silverton, 3 ¢¢ (July 24-81).
Montana: (teste Braun).
Canadian records
Alberta: Waterton Lakes, 2 6 4, 9 (11-14-VII-1923, J. McDunnough).
British Columbia: Kaslo, ¢ (7-VI-1908, J. W. Cockle) ; Mount McLean, Lillooet,
alt. 4,000-5,000 feet, 3, 2 (26-VITI-1923, J. McDunnough) ; Salmon Arm, ¢
(2-VI-1922, W. R. Buckell); Seton Lake, Lillooet, ¢ (9-VI-1926, J.
McDunnough).
Remarks.—V arious authors have placed this species in one or another
genus, but, as pointed out in the generic discussion, it is unique and
cannot be confused with ony other described from North America.
It probably will be found in other western States and Provinces.
20. Genus EPICALLIMA Dyar
PLATE 2, Fiaure 14; PLate 6, Ficure 47; PLATE 12, Ficure 81, 8la; PLATE 16,
FieurH 99
Epicallima Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, p. 525, 1903.—Kerarrort, in Smith,
List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 115, 1903.—Meyrick, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 17, p. 408-409, 1906—Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat.
Mus., vol. 35, p. 201, 1908.—Kearrorr, in Smith, Catalogue of the insects
of New Jersey, p. 562, 1910.—Buscr, Ent. News, vol. 23, p. 170, 1912; Proc.
Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 14, p. 44, 1912; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47,
p. 33, 1914.—Barnes and McDuNNovucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, p. 161, 1917. (Genotype: Callima argenticinctella Clemens. )
Callima CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, vol. 12, pp. 166-167, 1860;
in Stainton, Tineina of North America, p. 122-123, 1872. (Genotype:
Callima argenticinctella Clemens.)
Head smooth, side tufts somewhat raised, tongue developed;
antenna finely ciliated in male, simple in female; basal segment with-
out pecten. Labial palpus long, slender, greatly exceeding vertex;
second segment much longer than third, slightly roughened.
Fore wing elongate, apex pointed, termen oblique, 12 veins; 2, 3,
and 4 approximate at base, from angle of cell; 7 and 8 stalked, both
to costa; 11 from before middle of cell.
Hind wing narrower than fore wing; costa excavated; 8 veins;
3 and 4 connate or short stalked; 5 about equidistant from 4 and 6.
Male genitalia—Harpe long and slender, with pointed extension of
sacculus arising near cucullus. Anellus with lateral projections,
fused or separate. Vesica armed. Gnathos and uncus well developed.
Female genitalia—Ductus bursae partly sclerotized and armed on
the inner surface with toothlike spines. Signum present.
Remarks.—Dyar * proposed the name £'picallima to replace Cal-
lima Clemens (1860) which he considered preoccupied by Kallima
5 Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, p. 525, 1903.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 255
Westwood (1849). This has been generally accepted since the initial
letter of each is identical. If the two names (Callima and Kallima)
are ever considered separate terms then Callima will supersede H'pi-
callima.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EPICALLIMA BASED ON COLORATION
Basesor lore’ wine browns 2222.25.22. argenticinctella (Clemens) (p. 225)
Base of fore wing not brown_.__---------- formosella (Schiffermiiller) (p. 257)
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EPICALLIMA BASED ON MALE
GENITALIA
Lateral projections of anellus divergent, not reaching gnathos (fig.
SSL ao ar A a Dae re a a argenticinctella (Clemens) (p. 255)
Lateral projections of anellus fused and reaching gnathos (fig. 124)
formosella (Schiffermiiller) (p. 257)
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EPICALLIMA BASED ON FEMALE
GENITALIA
Signum a small toothed plate (fig. 99)__-_- argenticinctella (Clemens) (p. 255)
Signa two large toothed plates (fig. 216)-. formosella (Schiffermiiller) (p. 257)
EPICALLIMA ARGENTICINCTELLA (Clemens)
Callima argenticinctella CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 12,
p. 167, 1860; in Stainton, The Tineina of North America, p. 123, 1872.—
CHAMBERS, U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 134, 1878.—Busck,
Proc. Ent. Soe. Washington, vol. 5, p. 201, 1903.
Oecophora argenticinctella (Clemens) CHAMBERS, Cincinnati Quart. Journ. Sci.,
vol. 2, p. 114, 1875; U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 158, 1878.—
Riey, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5549, 1891.
Epicallima argenticinctella (Clemens) BuscKk, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull.
52, No. 5920, 1908.—KerarrortT, in Smith, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, No. 6467, 1903.—Busck, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35,
p. 201, 1908.—Barnes and McDunnNoveH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, No. 6490, 1917.—RuHoaps, New York State Coll. For. Techn.
Publ. 17, p. 204, 1924.
Epicallina argenticinctella (Clemens) BLACKMAN and StAGcr, New York State
Coll. For. Techn. Publ. 10, p. 108, 1918.
Schiffermiilleria argenticinctella (Clemens) Mryrick, in Wytsman, Genera
insectorum, fase. 180, p. 26, 1922.—ForBres, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat.
Memoir 68, p. 247, 1923; in Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir
101, p. 546, 1928.—Procter, Biological survey of the Mount Desert region:
Part 6, The insect fauna, p. 273, 19838—McDunnovueu, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Micro-
lepidoptera), No. 8861, 1939.
Labial palpus with second segment blackish fuscous; terminal seg-
ment and antenna black and white. Head pale to golden-yellow.
Thorax yellowish brown. Fore wing pale to golden-yellow and
brown; base of inner margin with narrow silver bar; from inner
256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
margin an inwardly oblique, narrow, antemedian silvery line, which
does not reach costa; from costa a postmedian outwardly oblique
silvery bar reaching about one-half distance across wing; opposite it
from inner margin a semicircular silver bar, the outer half of which is
composed of lead colored scales; all the above silvery bars narrowly
edged with black; cilia golden-yellow except a few before tornus
which are fuscous. Hind wing and cilia fuscous. Fore and middle
pair of legs chiefly black and white; hind pair lighter. Abdomen
fuscous.
Male genitalia.—Harpe elongate, slender; cucullus bluntly pointed ;
sacculus broad with a terminal curved projection extending beyond
cucullus. Anellus a more or less rectangular sclerotized plate with
widely separated lateral processes; the processes about twice the length
of the central plate. Aedeagus stout, slightly narrower at the mid-
dle than at the extremities; distal end terminating in a sharp, thorn-
like point; vesica armed with one long straight cornutus. Gnathos
drawn out into a blunt point medially.
Female genitalia—Genital plate broad, moderately sclerotized.
Ostium large, oval. Ductus bursae strongly sclerotized in posterior
half and armed with 12-18 strong teeth inwardly. Signum a small,
strongly sclerotized toothed plate.
Alar expanse, 10-13 mm.
Type.—tn the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Type locality —“Pennsylvania.”
Food plants —Dead wood and bark of hickory, larch, elder, elm.
Distribution.—Kastern United States.
United States records
Illinois: Decatur, 3 ¢ ¢ (June 16-28).
Iowa: Sioux City, ¢ (‘“9-18,” C. N. Ainslie).
Kentucky: @ (no data).
Maryland: Cabin John, ¢ (August 1902, A. Busck) ; Plummers Island, 2 ¢ ¢
(July 1903, A. Buseck); 9 (’07, Barber and Schwarz); 2 (July 17, L. J.
Bottimer).
Wew Hampshire: Central Harbor, 2 (July 30, 1902, H. G. Dyar) ; ¢ (no locality;
A. Busck).
New Jersey: 3 ¢6¢ (no locality; A. Busck and Wm. Beutenmiiller) ; Essex
County, 6 ¢6¢, 2 @2 (July, W. D. Kearfott); Montclair, ¢ (86-99,
W. D. Kearfott).
New York: Woodhaven, Long Island, 2 (6—-VI-21, G. P. Engelhardt); ¢ (no
locality, Wm. Beutenmiiller).
Chio: Cincinnati, 3 ¢¢, @ (VII-2-5-1907, VIII-3-07, VI-16-08, A. F. Braun).
Pennsylvania: Arendtsville, ¢, @ (6—-VII-1921, S. W. Frost) ; Harrisburg, @2
(30-VII-1914, W. S. Fisher) ; New Brighton, ¢, 2 2@ (16—-VII-1907 and
28-VII-1907, H. D. Merrick); Oak Station, Allegheny County, 7 ¢¢6, @
(June and July 1906 to 1908, Fred Marloff); Pittsburgh, @ (24-VI-06,
Henry Engel).
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 257
Remarks.—This species undoubtedly will be found through much
more of eastern North America than is indicated by present records,
and its range may also extend west of the Rocky Mountains.
EPICALLIMA FORMOSELLA (Schiffermiller)
PLats 20, Figures 124, 124a; Puate 39, Ficure 216
Phalaenae Tineae formosella SCHIFFERMULLER, Systematisches Verzeichniss der
Schmetterlinge der Wiener Gegend, p. 140, 1776.
Alucita formosella (Schiffermtiller) Fasrictus, Mantissa insectorum, vol. 2,
p. 255, 1787.
Tinea formosella (Schiffermtiler) Htspner, Sammlung europiischer Schmetter-
linge, fig. 248, [17938-1827].
Oecophora formosella (Schiffermiiller) TreirscHKr, Die Schmetterlinge von
Europa, vol. 9, p. 170, 1833.—Frry, Die Tineen und Pterophoren der Schweiz,
p. 158, 1856—HerIneEMANN, Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der
Schweiz, p. 382, 1870.
Lamprus formosella (Schiffermiiller) HerricH-ScHArrer, Systematische Bear-
beitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa, vol. 5, p. 141, 1855.
Acampsia formosella (Schiffermiiller) Mryricx, A handbook of British Lepidop-
tera, p. 635, 1895.
Borkhausenia formosella (Schiffermiiller) Resen, in Staudinger and Rebel,
Catalog der Lepidopteren des palaearctischen Faunen-gebietes, vol. 2, p.
178, No. 3387, 1901.
Schiffermiilleria formosella (Schiffermtiller) Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera in-
sectorum, fasc. 180, p. 27, 1922; A revised handbook of British Lepidoptera,
p. 667, 1928.—Forses, in Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir
101, p. 546, 1928.
Rhinosia flammeila DuponcHEL, Histoire naturelle des lepidoptéres ou papillons
de France, Supplement, vol. 4, p. 255, pl. 72, fig. 4, 1842.
Much like argenticinctella, but with second segment of palpus ochre-
ous and head brown. Basal third of fore wing ochreous followed by a
brown median area, the latter in turn followed by a lighter color; on
middle of inner margin a large ochreous spot bounded by a crescentic
white line inwardly and followed by a narrow extension of the median
brown shade; from middle of costa to end of cell a moderately broad
white band narrowing toward end of cell.
Male genitalia—Cucullus broadly rounded; sacculus well defined,
moderately sclerotized; clasper absent. Anellus strongly sclerotized ;
lateral extensions reaching gnathos, fused for much of their length,
pointed. Vinculum bluntly pointed. Aedeagus long, slender,
straight; vesica armed with a single slender cornutus. Gnathos and
uncus pointed.
Female genitalia —Genital plate broad, somewhat rectangular, mod-
erately sclerotized. Ductus bursae long, slender, sclerotized except for
a dilated, membranous section near middle and the extreme anterior
membranous part before the bursa copulatrix. Inception of ductus
286614—41——15,
258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
seminalis between the two sclerotized portions of the ductus bursae;
at anterior end of posterior sclerotized portion numerous small but
strong teeth. Bursa copulatrix moderately large, oval; signa two
large, sclerotized, finely toothed plates.
Alar expanse, 10-13 mm.
Type.—Lost (?) (formoselia) ; Paris Museum (?) (flammella).
Type localities Europe (formosella, flammella).
Food plants——Under bark of apple and red maple.
Distribution —Eastern United States.
United States records
New Jersey: North Bergen, 3 66,3 22 (11-X-1940, George Rau) ; Ramsey,
3 (2-VIIL-35, Dr. A. B. Klots).
New York: Flatbush, Long Island, @ (20—-VII, G. P. Engelhardt) ; Woodhaven,
Long Island, ¢ (9-VII-1930, G. P. Engelhardt).
Remarks.—This species has been introduced into the United States
within recent years. So far as I am able to ascertain it is to be found
only in New Jersey and New York. The habit of this and the pre-
ceding species of feeding under bark of various trees is very conducive
to the spread of the insects. For this reason we should expect it to
become rather widespread in this country.
The specimens from North Bergen, N. J., were reared from larvae
found in association with the mealybug, Psewdococcus comstocki
(Kuw.). It was assumed that the larvae were predacious on the
mealybugs, but no conclusive evidence in support of this assumption
has been obtained.
I have compared our American specimens carefully with a long
series from Europe and there is no doubt about their specific identity.
21. Genus HOFMANNOPHILA Spuler
PLATE 2, FIGuRE 12; PLATE 6; Ficure 43; PLAte 12, Ficures 78, 78a, 78h; PLATE
16, Fiaure 101
Hofmannophila Sputer, in Hofmann, Die Schmetterlinge Europas, vol. 2, p. 340,
1910.
Borkhausenia Auctorum, in part.
Head smooth, side tufts loosely appressed; tongue developed.
Antenna ciliated; basal segment with pecten. Labial palpus long,
recurved; second segment slightly roughened in front; third segment
as long as second, acute.
Fore wing oblong-ovate with costa slightly convex; apex rounded ;
termen oblique; 12 veins; 2 from near angle; 2, 3, 4, and 5 approximate
at bases; 5 and 6 parallel; 7 and 8 stalked, both to costa; 11 from
well before middle of cell.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 259
Hind wing as broad as fore wing, pointed; costa slightly convex
before middle; 8 veins; 3 and 4 connate; 5 curved; 6 and 7 subparallel.
Male genitalia—Harpe with clasper. Gnathos and uncus well
developed.
Female genitalia—Anterior apophyses branched. Ductus bursae
partly sclerotized. Signum present.
Larva.—Ninth segment with seta I approximate to II (much closer
to II than to III) ; seta VI not on the same pinaculum with IV and
V, approximate to VII. Setal group VII essentially as in Agonop-
teria: bisetose on first and seventh, unisetose on eighth and ninth
abdominal segments. Ocelli reduced (ccellus 1 more or less com-
pletely fused with 2 and ocellus 3 with 4). Submentum without pit.
Pupa.—Pubescent. Prothoracic femora and labial palpi not
exposed. Cremaster absent.
Remarks.—Hofmannophila may be distinguished, in the larva, from
other oecophorid genera (except EL’ndrosis) by the approximation of
seta I with II and VI with VII on the ninth abdominal segment;
and from Endrosis by the absence of a submental pit and the presence
of only two setae in group VII on the second abdominal segment.
Lepesme *7 has pointed out the differences between Hofmannophila
and Borkhausenia. Although he has used B. stipella (Linnaeus) (a
congener of minutella Linnaeus) for his comparisons with pseudo-
spretella, the differences show adequately why Hofmannophila should
be removed from Borkhausenia (Genotype: Phalaena Tinea minutella
Linnaeus).
HOFMANNOPHILA PSEUDOSPRETELLA (Stainton)
Oecophora pseudospretella STAINTON, Catalogue of the British Tineidae and
Pterophoridae, p. 14, 1849; Insecta Britannica Tineina, p. 162, 1854; A
manual of British butterflies and moths, vol. 2, p. 358, 469, 1859.—Trne-
STROM, in Forhandlingar, Pro fauna et flora Fennica, p. 346, No. 1052,
1869.—HEINEMANN, Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der Schweiz, vol.
2, p. 377, 1870.—WockE, in Staudinger and Wocke, Catalog der Lepidop-
teren des europaeischen Faunengebiets, vol. 2, p. 307, No. 2265, 1871.—
Wo..aston, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol, 3, p. 486, 1879.—SorHAGEN,
Die Kleinschmetterlinge der Mark Brandenburg, p. 333, 1886.—WAaALSINGHAM,
Ins. Life, vol. 1, p. 149, 1888.—Rinry, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, No. 5555, 1890.—Disquf#, Ent. Zeit. (Stettin), vol. 56,
p. 244, 1895 —RevttlI, Verh. Naturw. Ver. Karlsruhe, vol. 12, p. 238, 1898.—
SEEBOLD, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol, 11, p. 316, 1898.—CromBruGGHE,
Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 42, p. 36, 1898—DisQuf, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr.,
Tris, vol. 14, p. 214, 1902—Busck, in Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52 ,No.
5926, 1903.—ANDERSON, Catalogue of British Columbia Lepidoptera, No. 1099,
1904.—B.atr, Entomologist, vol. 58, p. 10, 1925.
Acompsia pseudospretella (Stainton) Meyrick, A handbook of British Lepidop-
tera, p. 634, 637, 1895.—Lonestarr, Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 38, p. 28, 1902.
57 Lepesme, P., Bull. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 42, p. 284, 1937.
260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Gelechia pseudospretella (Stainton) HerricH-ScHArrrr, Systematische Bearbei-
tung der Schmetterlinge von Europa, vol. 5, p. 162, 181, fig. 627, 1855.
Lamprus pseudospretella (Stainton) Résster, Jahrb. nassau. Ver. Naturk., vol.
34, p. 281, 1881.
Lampros pseudospretella (Stainton) SNELLEN, Die Vlinders van Nederland, vol.
2, p. 725, 1882.
Borkhausenia pseudospretella (Stainton) Reser, in Staudinger and Rebel, Cata-
log der Lepidopteren des palaearctischen Faunengebietes, vol. 2, No. 3358,
1901.—Mattocy, Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 37, p. 186, 1901.—KrarFort, iv Smith,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6472, 1903.—Busck,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 766, 1904.— Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol.
27, p. 934, 1904——CromepruccHE, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 14, p. 54, 1906.—
Sicw, Entomologist, vol. 40, p. 42, 261, 1907.—Busck, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 35, p. 204, 1908.—Sicu, Ent. Ree. vol. 20, p. 92, 1908.—MUtter-Rurz, Mitt.
Schweiz, Ent. Ges., vol. 11, p. 348, 1909.—PriquENARD, Bull. Soc. Sci, Med.
Ouest., vol. 19, p. 79, 1910.—KruLtkowskI, Rev. Russe Ent., vol. 9, p. 321,
1910.—GrizBEL, Die Lepidopteren Fauna der bayerischen Rheinpfalz, vol. 2,
p. 54, 1910.—SicH, Entomologist, vol. 48, p. 150, 1910.—SxKata, Int. Ent.
Zeitschr., vol. 5, p. 303, 1912; Verh. Nat. Ver. Briinn, vol. 51, p. 317, 1913.—
Hamrett, Arkiv fiir Zodl., vol. 10, No. 25, p. 9, 1917.—Marrin1, Deutsche
Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 14, p. 214, 1917.—Barnes and McDunnovueH, Check
list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6504, 1917.—MITTERBERGER,
Jahresb. Wien. Ent. Ver., vol. 28, p. 67, 1918 —HAwxksHaAw, Entomologist, vol.
52, p. 82, 1919.—Srranp, Archiv fiir Naturg., vol. 85 A, pt. 4, p. 9, 1920.—
CarApJA, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 34, p. 140, 1920.—Meryrioxk, in
Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 41, 1922.——Havuprer, Jahresb.
Oberosterr. Musealver., vol. 80, p. 285, 1924.—CarapJA, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr.,
Iris, vol. 40, p. 43, 1926.—Essie, Insects of western North America, p. 719,
1926.—WateErs, Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 64, p. 177, 1928.—Mryrick, A revised
handbook of British Lepidoptera, p. 669, 1928—Haywarp, Entomologist, vol.
62, p. 50, 1929.—F orp, Entomologist, vol. 62, p. 261, 1929.—DAtrry, Entomolo-
gist, vol. 638, p. 115, 1980.—Scuttzr, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 44, p.
31, 1930.—NIcHOLSON, Ent. Rec., vol. 48, p. 88, 1931.—Forp, Entomologist, vol.
64, p. 259, 1931—CurysraL, Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 68, p. 9, pl. 2, figs. 1-5,
1932.—ApxKIn, Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 68, p. 40, 1982—Fryrr, Ent. Monthly
Mag., vol. 68, p. 187, 1982.—AusTEN and HucHeEs, Brit. Mus. Econ. Ser. No. 14,
p. 34, figs. 19, 20, 1982.—HcKsTEIN, Die Kleinschmetterlinge Deutschlands, p.
124, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2, 1933.—Moriry and Ratr-SmitTH, Trans. Ent. Soc. London,
vol. 81, p. 178, 1933.—PiIerce and Mercatre, The genitalia of the tineid fam-
ilies of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands, p. 30, pl. 16, 1935.—Rapp, Die
Natur der mitteldeutschen Landschaft Thtiringen; Beitrige zur Fauna
Thiiringens, vol. 2, p. 142, 1986—McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera
of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
No. 8376, 1939.
Borkhausenia pseudosprella AUSTEN, Ent. Rec., vol. 45, p. 16, 1933.
Hofmannophila pseudospretella SPULER, in Hofmann, Die Schmetterlinge Europas,
ed. 3, vol. 2, p. 340, fig. 111; pl. 89, fig. 42, 1910—Vorsropr und MULier-RutTz,
Schmetterlinge der Schweiz, vol. 2, p. 464, 1914—Linck and Weser, Schweiz.
Ent. Anz., vol. 1, p. 59, 1922.—Prrersen, Lepidopteren Fauna von Estland
(Hsti), p. 510, 1924.—GRONLEIN, Norsk. Ent. Tidsskr., vol. 2, p. 46, 1924.—
HeEtxLéN, Notulae Ent., vol. 6, p. 31, 1926.—Larsen, Ent. Meddel., ser. 2, vol. 11
(whole ser. 17), p. 79, 1927.—FLETCHER, Mem, Dept. Agr. India (Ent. Ser.),
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 261
vol. 11, p. 110, 1929.—Vorrropr, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 45, p. 128,
1931.—Herine, in Brohmer, Ehrmann, und Ulmer, Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas
(Ergiinzbd. 1), p. 151, 1982. LePesME, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 42, p. 283,
fig. 1, pl. 1, figs. 1-4, 1937.
Labial palpus, head, thorax, and ground color of fore wing pale
ochreous. Second segment of labial palpus dark fuscous exteriorly
on basal half; third segment strongly overlaid with fuscous except
posterior edge at middle. Antenna fuscous narrowly and faintly
annulated with ochreous. Collar iridescent blackish fuscous; re-
mainder of thorax, tegula, and fore wing irrorated and suffused
with fuscous; in fold, from base, along vein Ic of fore wing, a series
of two or three short, longitudinal, blackish-fuscous dashes; in cell,
at basal third, an elongate blackish-fuscous discal spot; at the end of
cell another conspicuous, large, similarly colored spot; extreme base
of costa blackish fuscous; from apical third of costa, around termen
to inner margin, a series of short, blackish-fuscous dashes; cilia pale
ochreous-fuscous. Hind wing shining light yellowish fuscous; cilia
yellowish fuscous. Legs pale ochreous strongly overlaid with blackish
fuscous except on hind tibia. Abdomen pale ochreous, suffused with
fuscous. Legs and underside of abdomen iridescent.
Male genitalia—Harpe ample, strongly sclerotized except for an
area between sacculus and costa; near base, at each end of the articula-
tion with the transtilla, a profusely hairy, fleshy swelling; cucullus.
pointed; sacculus narrow; clasper very stout, extending past middle
of harpe; distal end deeply excavated. Anellus an elongate plate with
broadly V-shaped posterior edge and with long, papillate laterobasal
lobes. Aedeagus stout, terminating in a short point; basal portion
bandlike, coiled; vesica armed with a single, long, curved cornutus.
Vinculum broadly rounded. Transtilla a narrow sclerotized band.
Gnathos beaked, pointed; posterior surface excavated, scobinate.
Uncus long, stout, pointed.
Female genitalia.—Ovipostor short; anterior apophyses branched.
Genital plate sclerotized posteriorly, membranous anteriorly. Ostium
rather broad oval, preceded by a short, sclerotized portion of the
ductus bursae. Ductus bursae convoluted; sclerotized in posterior
two-thirds except for a short membranous portion anterior to the
sclerotized ring at ostium; sclerotized portion of ductus bursae armed
with small teeth on inner surface; inception of ductus seminalis at
posterior edge of the long sclerotized part of ductus bursae. Bursa
copulatrix small, round with a moderately small, oval, sclerotized,
toothed signum.
Alar expanse, 15-26 mm.
Type—tIn the British Museum (?).
Type locality.—?
262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Hosts.—Furs, skins, museum specimens, including moths; seeds of
many kinds, dried plants, live and dead lepidopterous pupae, figs,
dates, stored cereals, upholstering, carpets, book bindings, corks of
wine bottles, ete.
Remarks.—The above list of hosts will give some idea of the wide
variety of substances attacked by this species.
Distribution—Universal. In North America it is found in the
Pacifié Coast states, Nevada, southern British Columbia eastward to
Manitoba and Pennsylvania.
United States records
California: Alameda County, 2 66,2 292 (20-II-1908, 19-22-IX-1908, G. R.
Pilate) ; Berkeley, 2 22 (May, June); Carmel, @ (June, A. H. Vachell) ;
HKureka, 5 ¢ 6,3 9 2 (5-6-VI, H. S. Barber) ; Los Angeles, 2 2 9 (no date,
Coquillett) ; Mills College, ¢ (7—VI-1908, G. R. Pilate) ; Mount Hermon,
Santa Cruz County, ¢ (5-IX-1931, H. H. Keifer); Plumas County, 2?
(“July 24-81”); Santa Clara, 2 (no date or collector).
Nevada: Glenbrook, 2 9 9 (August 25, 1915, H. G. Dyar).
Oregon: Albany, 2 (12—VII-1940, S. M. Dohanian [rf. filbert nut]) ; Portland
6, 2 92 (18-VII-1918, E. J. Newcomber [Quaintance No. 14101)]1; ¢
(4-VII-1931, J. F. G. Clarke); Shedd, ¢, 2 (June 1939, J. E. Davis);
Tualatin, 9 (15-VII-1919, L. R. Rockwood).
Pennsylvania: Norristown, 2 99 (17-V-1939, G. K. Schumaker [rf. Thuja
plicata seed] ).
Washington: Bellingham, 3 ¢ 4, 2 22 (May to September dates, 1922-1981,
J. F. G. Clarke); Blaine, ¢ (12-VI-1934, no collector) ; Chehalis, 9 (no
date, T. Kincaid); Friday Harbor, 3 ¢ 6 (12-14-VII-1924, T. Kincaid) ;
Pullman, @ (15-VI-1930, J. F. G. Clarke); Seattle (2 ¢ ¢, 19-VIII-1930,
J. F. G. Clarke; 9, September, 1898, C. V. Piper) ; Seaview, 4 ¢¢,2 29
(23-V-1918; 16-VII-1918, H. K. Plank [Quaintance Nos. 15541, 15582]) ;
Snoqualmie Pass, Kittitas County, 9 (12-VIII-1930, J. F. G. Clarke).
Canadian records
British Columbia: Duncan, 9 (June 1908, Hanham) ; Goldstream, 2 (6—-IX-—
1920, H. H. Blackmore) ; Kaslo, ¢ (8-VIII-1903, H. G. Dyar); Maillard-
ville, ¢ (9-VI-1920, no collector) ; Malakatla (August 22, 1904, Rev. G. H.
Keene) ; Maple Bay (13-VII-1933, J. McDunnough) ; Sandon, @ (13—-VIII-
1903, Currie); Sooke, ¢ (10-III-1922, no collector) ; Vaneouver (12-IV-—
1903 ; 27—VII-1905, no collector) ; Victoria, 3 ¢ ¢ (30-V—1921, 5-VII-1921) ;
Q (1-TX-1921, W. R. Carter) ; ¢ (6-VII-1920) ; 2 9 9 (14-VIII-1920, B. H.
Blackmore) ; 2 92 (1-IX—1903, 5-[X-1903, H. G. Dyar); Wellington, (2
64, 9, 15-VII-1902, G. W. Taylor; 2 2 9, June 1900, no collector).
Manitoba: Aweme, 3 2 @ (31—V--1904, 16-V—1905, N. Criddle).
22. Genus ENDROSIS Hiibner
PLATE 1, Figure 5; PLAte 7, Ficure 51; Prats 8, Ficures 60, 60a; PLATE 19,
FIGuRE 116
Endrosis Husner, Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge, p. 401, 1825.—
CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860 p. 165; im Stainton,
Tineina of North America, p. 119, 1872.—CHAmBERS, Cincinnati Quart.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 263
Journ. Sci., vol. 2, p. 244, 1875; U. S. Geol. Geogr. Sury. Terr. Bull.
4, p. 140, 1878.—Ritey, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America,
p. 107, 1891.—Dyar, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 3, p. 19, 1895.—Drerz,
in Smith, Catalogue of the insects of New Jersey, p. 477, 1900.—Buscx, in
Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, p. 543, 1903.—Kerarrotr, in Smith, Check
list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 118, 1903.—Buscx, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 767, 1904—ANDERSON, Catalogue of British Columbia
Lepidoptera, p. 55, 1904.—Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 203,
1908.—Forees, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 3, p. 132, pl. 20, fig. 143, 1910.—
KeEarrFort, in Smith, Catalogue of the insects of New Jersey, p. 562, 1910.—
WALSINGHAM, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 126,
1912.— Barnes and McDunnoucH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, p. 162, 1917.—MeEyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180,
p. 33, 1922.—F ores, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 250, 1923.—
FLeETcHER, Mem. Dept. Agr. India (Hnt. Ser.), vol. 11, p. 77, 1929.—Pirrce
and METCALFE, The genitalia of the tineid families of the Lepidoptera of the
British Islands, p. 29, 1935.—GArEbE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum ecitalogus, pt.
88, p. 48, 1988.—McDunnovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and
the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), p. 77, 1939. (Geno-
type: Phalaenae Tineae lactclla Schiffermiiller, Systematisches Verzeichniss
der Schmetterlinge der Wiener Gegend, p. 189, 1776.)
Head smooth. Tongue developed. Basal segment of antenna with
pecten. Labial palpus long, curved, smooth; second segment slightly
thickened with appressed scales; terminal segment nearly as long as
second.
Fore wing with 2 from before angle; 4 and 5 approximated at base;
7 and 8 stalked, both to costa; 11 from before middle.
Hind wing narrower than fore wing, ovate-lanceolate; 7 veins;
veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 absent; 6 and 7 subparallel.
Male genitalia—Harpe with clasper. Anellus with elongated,
lateral processes. Vinculum spatulate. Gnathos and uncus present,
pointed.
Female genitalia—Ovipositor very long, always extended. An-
terior apophyses branched. Ductus bursae enlarged in posterior
half; strongly sclerotized. Signum a few minute dots.
Abdomen spined.
Larva—wNinth segment with setae I and II approximate; seta VI
not on same pinaculum with IV and V, approximate to VII. Setal
group VII trisetose on first, bisetose on seventh and unisetose on
eighth and ninth abdominal segments. Ocelli reduced (ocelli 1, 2, 5,
and 6 absent). Submentum with a large sclerotized pit.
Pupa—Smooth. Prothoracic femora exposed. Labial palpi ex-
posed and large. Cremaster absent.
Remarks.—Endrosis may be distinguished from one group of
American oecophorid genera by the presence of pecten on the basal
segment of the antenna, and from those genera with pecten by the
absence of vein 5 of the hind wing. In the larval and pupal stages
264. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vO. 90
it appears nearest to Hofmannophila, from which it is distinguished
chiefly by the large pit in the submentum of the larva and the
exposed labial palpi of the pupa.
ENDROSIS LACTELLA (Schiffermiiller)
Phalaenae Tineae lactella ScHIFFERMULLER, Systematisches Verzeichniss der
Schmetterlinge der Wiener Gegend, p. 139, 1776.
Endrosis lactella (Schiffermtiller) DontstHorPE, Ent. Rec., vol. 29, p. 33, 1917.—
Meyrick, Natural history of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, vol. 3, p. 268,
1920; in Wytsman, General insectorum, fase. 180, p. 33, 1922; A revised hand-
book of British Lepidoptera, p. 668, 1928.—F orp, Entomologist, vol. 62, p. 261,
1929.—Mryrick, Anal. Mus. Buenos Aires, vol. 36, p. 390, 1931.—Forp,
Entomologist, vol. 64, p. 259, 1931.—Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South
Wales, vol. 57, p. 279, 1932.—AusTEN and Hucuss, Brit. Mus. Econ.
Ser., No. 14, p. 33, fig. 18, 1982.—Fryrr, Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 68, p. 137,
1932.—CurtTIs, Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 68, p. 166, 167, 1932.—AUSTEN,
Ent. Ree., vol. 45, p. 16, 1983.—Mortry and Rait-SMiITH, Trans. Ent. Soc.
London, vol. 81, p. 178, 1933.—Piercn and Metcarre, The genitalia of the
tineid families of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands, p. 29, pl. 16, 1935.
Endrosis lacteella HmrricH-ScHAFFER, Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmet-
terlinge von Europa, vol. 5, p. 262, 1853.—F'rry, Die Tineen und Pterophoren
der Schweiz, p. 168, 1856.—Sraupinger, Ent. Zeit. (Stettin), vol. 18, p. 278,
1857.—Wocke, Ent. Zeit. (Stettin), vol. 23, p. 239, 1862.—TrENGsTROM,
Foérdhandlingar, Pro fauna et flora Fennica, p. 346, No. 1053, 1869.—Wockg,
in Staudinger and Wocke, Catalog der Lepidopteren des europaeischen Faun-
engebiets, vol. 2, p. 323, No. 2703, 1871—HEINEMANN and Wockg, in Heine-
mann, Die Schmetterlinge Deutchlands und der Schweiz, vol. 2, p, 389, 1877.—
Wot.astTon, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. 3, p. 488, 1879.—F Rey, Die Lepi-
dopteren der Schweiz, p. 379, 1880.—Sonoéyen, Arch. fiir Math. og Naturv.
1880, p. 245.—RO6ssteR, Jahrb. nassau, Ver. Naturk., vol. 34, p. 281, 1881.—
ScH6yYEN, Tromsé Mus. Aarsh., vol. 4, p. 100, 1881; vol. 5, p. 57, 1882.—SNEx-
LEN, De Vlinders van Nederland, vol. 2, p. 2, 729, 1882.—ScH6YEN, Nyt Mag.
Naturv., vol. 27, p. 53, 1882—Mason, Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 26, p. 199,
1890.—RiEy, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 5758,
1891.—SPARRE SCHNEIDER, Tromsé Mus. Aarsh., vol. 15, p. 180, 1892; vol. 18,
p. 85, 1895.—Meryrick, A handbook of British Lepidoptera, p. 688, 1895.—
Banc-HAAS, Dansk. Naturh. For., Vide. Medd., Copenhagen, 1896, p. 192.—
REBEL, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 45, p. 392, 1896.—Sparre SCHNEIDER,
Troms6 Mus. Aarsh., vol. 20, p. 155, 1897.—Reutti1, Verh. Naturw. Ver.
Karlsruhe, vol. 12, p. 240, 1898.—JAcoBsEN, Insecta Novaja-Zemljensia (Ros-
sice conser.) Petropoli, p. 45, 61, 1898.—SrxmsBoLtp, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr.,
Iris, vol. 11, p. 320, 1899.—ReBeL, in Staudinger and Rebel, Catalog der
Lepidopteren des palaearctischen Faunengebietes, vol. 2, p. 163, No. 3051,
1901.—StranpD, Nyt Mag. Naturv., vol. 39, p. 41, 1901—Matiocu, Ent.
Monthly Mag., vol. 37, p. 186, 1901—Sparre ScHNEIDER, Bergens Mus. Aarbog
No. 1, p. 215, 1901—Disqut, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 14, p. 221,
1902.—ScHUtz4E, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 15, p. 35, 1902.—-_LonestTaFr,
Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 88, p. 28, 1902.—Carapga, Bull. Soc. Sci. Bucharest,
vol. 11, p. 617, 1902.—PAcENSTECHER, Die arktische Lepidopterenfauna, p. 390,
1902.—Busck, in Dyar, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 6170, 1903.—KEARFOTT, in
Smith, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6712, 1903.—
Spriser, Die Schmetterlings-fauna der Provinzen Ost- und West-preussen,
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 265
p. 117, 1903.—Buscx, Proce. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 767, 1904.—Dyar, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 984, 1904.—ANbErRson, Catalogue of British Colum-
bia Lepidoptera, p. 55, 1904.—Repet, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. 19, p. 357,
1904.—CroMBRUGGHE, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 14, p. 39, 1906——GarTNnar,
Jahresb. Wien. Ent. Ver., vol. 16, p. 49, 1906.—RerseL, Jahresb. Wien. Ent.
Ver., vol. 16, p. 72, 1906.—VeEnriTy, Bull. Soe. Hnt. Ital., vol. 38, p. 50, 1906.—
HorMvUZAKI, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 57, p. 86, 1907.—-SparrE SCHNEIDER,
Troms6 Mus. Aarsh., vol. 28, p. 147, 1907.—Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol.
35, p. 203, 1908.—KruLIKkowskI, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 21, p. 265,
1909.—SpuLer, in Hofmann, Die Schmetterlinge Europa, ed. 3, vol. 2, p. 349,
fig. 118, pl. 88, fig. 66, 1910.—P1QuENARD, Bull. Soc. Sci. Med. Ouest., vol. 19,
p. 97, 1910.—KerarrFort, in Smith, Catalogue of the insects of New Jersey,
p. 562, 1910.—ReEBEL, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. 25, p. 414, 1911.—Turatt, Bull.
Soe. Ent. Ital., vol. 43, p. 231, 1911.—Sxata, Int. Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 5, p. 303,
1912.— VorBropt und MULztER-Rutz, Die Schmetterlinge der Schweiz, vol. 2,
p. 472, 1912.—SxKata, Verh. Nat. Ver. Briinn, vol. 51, p. 310, 1918.—ReeeE,
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. 27, p. 331, 1918.—Sparre SCHNEIDER, Tromsé Mus.
Aarsh., vol. 35, p. 200, 1914—Gatvaenl, Jahresb. Wien. Ent. Ver., vol. 25,
p. 30, 1915.—ScHAWERDA, Jahresb. Wien. Ent. Ver., vol. 26, p. 44, 1916.—
HAMFELT, Arkiv fiir Zool., vol. 10, No. 25, p. 9, 1917.—BarneEs and McDun-
NouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6502, 1917.—
Puiipott, Trans. Proc. New Zealand Inst., vol. 49, p. 229, 1917.—MartinI,
Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 30, p. 144, 1917.—Murrersercer, Jahresb.
Wien. Ent. Ver., vol. 28, p. 61, 1918 —Twurati, Atti Mus. Civ. Milano, vol. 58,
p. 160, 1919.—HawxksHAw, Entomologist, vol. 52, p. 82, 1919.—Carapsa,
Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 34, p. 121, 1920—Anprgs, Zeitschr. Angew.
Ent., vol. 6, p. 406, 1920.—SHeELpon, Entomologist, vol. 55, p. 78, 1922.—Zim-
MERMAN, Verh. zool-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 71, p. 48, 1922.—Barca, Norsk. Ent.
Tidsskr., vol. 1, p. 229, 1923—Forpes, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir
68, p. 250, 1923.—Gr6nLIEN, Norsk Ent. Tidsskr., vol. 2, p. 46, 1924.—PETER-
SEN, Lepidopteren Fauna von Hstland (Hsti), p. 501, 1924—Gatvaenl,
Jahresb. Wien. Ent. Ver., vol. 30, p. 105, 1924.—PreissecKER, Jahresb. Wien.
Ent. Ver., vol. 30, p. 186, 1924.—AtrrKen, Anz. Schidlinsk, vol. 1, p. 95,
1925.—STEPHAN, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 39, p. 122, 1925.—ReEBEL,
Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 40, p. 146, 1826—Larsen, Ent. Meddel.,
ser. 2, vol. 11 (whole ser. 17), p. 82, 1927.—Zrrny, Eos, vol. 3, p. 479, 1927.—
LEONARDI, Hlenco delle specie di insetti dannosi e loro parasiti ricordati in
Italia fino all’anno 1911 (Part 2), p. 278, 1927.—FLercHmr, Mem. Dept. Agr.
India (Hnt. Ser.), vol. 11, p. 77, 1929.—RerpseEt, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris,
vol. 48, p. 79, 1929.—HAywarp, Entomologist, vol. 62, p. 50, 1929.—Wotrr,
Ent. Meddel, ser. 2, vol. 10 (whole ser. 16), p. 352, 1929.—Urretn, Klein-
schmetterlinge Westfalen, p. 75, 1930.—GRAvES, Ent. Rec., vol. 42, p. 97,
1980.—DRENOWSEI, Mem. Bulg. Akad. Wiss., vol. 26, No. 6, p. 75, 1930.—
AMSEL, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 44, p. 122, 1930.—Vorsropt, Deutsche
Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 45, p. 181, 1931.—Reset and Zerny, Denkschr. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, math. nat. K1., vol. 103, p. 149, 1931.—TurNnrEr, Entomologist, vol.
64, p. 191, 1931.—NicHoLson, Ent. Rec., vol. 438, p. 88, 1931—HeErrne, in
Brohmer, Ehrmann and Ulmer, Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas (Ergiinzbd. 1)
p. 188, 1932.—EcKkstTEIN, Die Kleinschmetterlinge Deutschlands, p. 126, pl. 5,
fig. 204, 1933.—Rapp, Die Natur der mitteldeutschen Landschaf Thuringen;
Beitrage zur Fauna Thiiringens, vol. 2, p. 127, 19836 —McDunnovueH, Check
list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2,
Microlepidoptera), No. 8368, 1939.
266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
BHudrosis lacteella Disqut, Ent. Zeit. (Stettin), vol. 56, p. 244, 1895.
Anacampsis sarcitella STEPHENS, Illustrations of British entomology, Haus-
tellata, vol. 4, p. 210, 1884.—Woop, Index entomologicus, p. 175, pl. 39, fig.
1207, 1854.
Endrosis sarcitella (Stephens) Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc.
180, p. 33, 1922 (as synonym of lactella).
Endrosis kennicottella CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p.
165; in Stainton, The Tineina of North America, p. 119, 1872.—CHAMBERS,
Cincinnati Quart. Journ. Sci., vol. 2, p. 244, 1875.—Buscxk, in Dyar, U S.
Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 6170, 1903.—BaArNes and McDuNNouUGH, Check list
of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 6502, 1917.—Meryrick, in Wytsman,
Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 33, 1922.—McDunnoucH, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 2,
Microlepidoptera), No. 8368, 1989 (as synonym of lactella).
Endrosis kennikotella CARapgsA, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., Iris, vol. 34, p. 121,
1920.
Tinea betulinella Htsner, Sammlung Huropiiischer Schmetterlinge, vol. 5
(Tineen), pl. 67, fig. 448, 1801.
Endrosis betulinella HUBNER, Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge, p. 401,
1825.—Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 88, 1922 (as
synonym of lactelia).
Scardia betulinella TREITSCHKE, in Ochsenheimer, Die Schmetterlinge von Hu-
ropa, vol. 9, No. 1, p. 9, 1832; vol. 10, No. 2, p. 151, 18385.
Lita betulinelia DuponcHeL, Histoire naturelle des lepidoptéres ou papillons
de France, vol. 11, p. 298, pl. 297, fig. 8, 9, 1838.
Endrosis fenestrella Scopoti, Entomologica Carniolica, p. 252, 1763.—STAINTON,
Insecta Britannica Tineina, p. 164, pl. 5, fig. 8, 1854; A manual of British
butterflies and moths, vol. 2, p. 359, 469, 1859—-CLemMEnNs, in Stainton, The
Tineina of North America, p. 119, 1872.—CHamMpeErs, Cincinnati Quart. Journ.
Sci., vol. 2, p. 244, 1875; U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. Bull. 4, p. 140,
1878.— Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 33, 1922.—
Bian, Entomologist, vol. 58, p. 10, 1925 (as synonym of lactelia).
Endrosis ferrestrella CHAMBERS, Cincinnati Quart. Journ. Sci., vol. 2, p. 244,
1875.
Gelechia subditella WALKER, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in
the collections of the British Museum, vol. 29, p. 657, 1863.
Endrosis subditeitla MryRiIck, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 33,
1922 (as synonymn of lactella).
Endrosis lacteella antarctica STAUDINGER, Hamburg naturhistorisches Museum,
Ergebnisse der Hamburger magalhaensischen Sammelreise, vol. 2, Arthro-
poda-Lepidoptera, p. 118, fig. 26, 1898.—EHNpERLEIN, Vet. Akad. Handl., vol.
48, No. 3, p. 92, 1912—Meryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180,
p. 33, 1922 (as synonym of lactella).
Labial palpus, head, thorax, and extreme base of fore wing white.
Basal half of second segment of labial palpus blackish fuscous ex-
teriorly and anteriorly; third segment with narrow subbasal and
broad subterminal annuli, dull black. Antenna, anterior part of
thorax and base of tegula blackish fuscous. Ground color of fore
wing sordid white strongly suffused and mottled with fuscous; at
basal third two indistinct discal spots followed by a similar one at
REVISION OF THE CECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 267
end of cell, all blackish fuscous; costa, an elongate blotch on costa,
joined to outer discal spot, and apex blackish fuscous; cilia pale yel-
lowish fuscous irrorated with fuscous. Hind wing shining silvery
fuscous, darker apically; cilia pale yellowish fuscous. Legs pale
ochreous-white overlaid with blackish fuscous except at joints, and
hind tibia and tarsus. Abdomen pale ochreous narrowly edged with
silvery white on posterior margin of segments.
Male genitalia—Harpe broad basally, gradually tapering to the
pointed cucullus; clasper stout, flattened, pointed; sacculus broad,
strongly sclerotized. Anellus an oval plate with strong, slightly
curved, flattened, pointed lateral processes. Aedeagus long, stout,
nearly straight; vesica armed with three large, toothlike cornuti and
a long one with a deep lateral excavation near its distal end. Vin-
culum long, spatulate. Gnathos long, beaked, excavated and armed
with small teeth on its posterior surface. Uncus strong, slightly
curved, sharply pointed.
Female genitalia.—Ovipositor very long, segmented; anterior pair
of apophyses branched. Ductus bursae strongly sclerotized and di-
lated in posterior half; membranous anteriorly; inception of ductus
seminalis at junction of ductus bursae and bursa copulatrix. Bursa
copulatrix large, oval; signum a few, small sclerotized points.
Alar expanse, 11-20 mm.
Types—Vienna Museum (?) (betulinella, lactella) ; in the British
Museum (?) (fenestrella, sarcitella, subditella) ; in the Academy of
Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ennicottella); in the Zoological
Museum, Berlin (antarctica).
Type localities—Vienna (lactella); England (sarcitella) ; North
Westfield, Illinois (kennicottella); Carniola, Austria (fenestrella) ;
Africa (antarctica) ; New Zealand (subditella) ; Europe (betulinella).
Hosts.—Stored cereals, fruits and other products; also reared from
birds’ nests and refuse, dried skins, dried flesh, and wool.
Distribution.—This species is generally distributed throughout
most of the world. In North America it is found from coast to coast
as far north as Alaska.
United States and Alaska records
Alaska: ¢ (August 1904, C. V. Piper).
California: Eureka, 5 @ @ (6-7-VI, H. S. Barber) ; Los Angeles, 3 2 2 (April,
Coquillett) ; Mills College, 2 6¢, 2 9@ (25-III-1908; 28-IX—1908, G. R.
Pilate) ; Nevada County, 3 292 (“September’; no collector) ; Palo Alto,
é (October 1914); Pasadena, ¢ (7-10-24; no collector) ; Placer County,
6, 4 92 (September; no collector); San Diego, ¢ (80-VI-1907, W. S.
Wright) ; San Francisco, 16 ¢ ¢, 9 (March; no collector) ; Saticoy, ¢ (Jan-
uary, 1926; no collector) ; Shasta Retreat, Siskiyou County, 5 ¢46,138 2Q
(June to September dates; no collector).
268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Nevada: Glenbrook, 2 ¢ ¢ (25-26-VIII-1915, H. G. Dyar).
New York: Two specimens apparently introduced.
Oregon: Allendale, 2 646, 2 (7-6-1918, H. K. Plank) ; Corvallis, 3 9 9 (Novem-
ber and January; no collector).
Washington: Bellingham, 2 ¢ 4,2 922 (May, July, September 1922, 1923, J. F.
G. Clarke) ; Friday Harbor, 2 (June 8, 1924, T. C. Kineaid) ; Olympia, @
(5-13-1894; no collector); Pullman, @ (2—-VI-1894, C. V. Piper); 2 29
(30-V1I-1930; 28-VII-19382, J. F. G. Clarke) ; Seaview, ¢, 2 (16-VII-1918;
6-IV-1919, H. K. Plank) ; Seattle, ¢ (19-VIII-1930, J. F. G. Clarke).
Canadian records
British Columbia: Ainsworth, 2 (13—-VII-1903, H. G. Dyar) ; Comox (22-VI-—
1933, J. McDunnough); Kaslo 5 92 (June and July dates, 1903, H. G.
Dyar); Mount Cheam (August 15, 1901, J. Fletcher) ; Vancouver (April
to September, G. R. Hopping) ; Victoria, ¢, 8 2 9 (May to September dates,
1917 to 1920, E. H. Blackmore); 6,2 9292 (May to September 1922, W. R.
Carter) ; 9 (12-VIII-1909, A. J. Croker).
Remarks—This widely distributed household insect is the only
species referable to this genus.
In Europe and on the Pacific coast it does considerable damage, feed-
ing on stored cereals, fruits, and other products.
GENERA AND SPECIES ERRONEOUSLY REFERRED TO THE
OECOPHORIDAE
Family COSMOPTERYGIDAE
ANONCIA, new genus
PLATE 3, FIGURE 20 ; PLATE 7, FIGURE 52 ; PLATE 18, F1cuREs 85, 85a ; PLATE 19,
FIcureE 114
Genotype—Hypatopa conia Walsingham, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 33, p. 211, 1907.
Head smooth, side tufts slightly spreading. Antenna ciliated in male,
simple in female, with pecten on basal segment. Labial palpus mod-
erately long, curved, upturned; second segment roughened and thick-
ened with scales; terminal segment stout, pointed, shorter than second.
Fore wing elongate, ovate, 12 veins; 1b furcate, 1c absent, 2 from
near angle; 7 and 8 stalked, both to costa, 11 from before middle.
Hind wing narrower than fore wing, 8 veins; 3 and 4 connate or
stalked, 6 and 7 parallel at base, divergent distally.
Male genitalia—Asymmetrical; harpe roughly triangular, clasper
absent; right harpe with basal process. Anellus with long, lateral
processes. Elements of gnathos fused, naked, strongly sclerotized.
Uncus and socii absent.
Female genitalia—Ductus bursae membranous or only slightly
sclerotized. Bursa copulatrix without signum.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—-CLARKE 269
The following species belong to this genus:
episcia (Walsingham), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 211, 1907. (New com-
bination).
conia (Walsingham), ibidem, vol. 33, p.212,1907. (New combination.)
fasciata (Walsingham), ibidem, vol. 83, p. 213, 1907. (New combination.)
orites (Walsingham), ibidem, vol. 33, p. 213, 1807. (New combination.)
diveni (Heinrich), Journ. Agr. Res., vol. 20, p. 814, 1921. (New combination.)
sphacelina (Keifer), Monthly Bull. Dept. Agr. California, vol. 24, p. 214, 1935.
(New combination. )
marinensis (Keifer), ibidem, vol. 24, p. 215, 1985. (New combination. )
Genus TRICLONELLA Busck
Puate 1, Figure 1; Prats 7, Ficure 57; PLate 13, Ficures 84, 84a; Puate 19,
Fiaurn 112
Triclonella BuscK, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 8, p. 236, 1900; in Dyar,
U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, p. 525, 1903.—KrEaArrort, in Smith, Check list of the
Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 114, 1903.—Busck, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 35, p. 203, 1908—WaLsIncHAM, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lepidoptera-Heter-
ocera, vol. 4, pp. 1386-187, 1912; p. 422, 1915—Barnes and McDUNNoUGH,
Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, pp. 161-162, 1917 —Meryricr,
in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 22-23, 1922.—Forses, Cornell
Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 249, 1923.—FLetcHER, Mem. Dept. Agr.
India (Ent. Ser.), vol. 11, p. 280, 1929.—GarpkE, in Bryk, Lepidopterorum cata-
logus, pt. 88, p. 21, 1938.—McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), p.
77, 19389. (Genotype: Triclonella pergandeella Buscx, Journ. New York
Ent. Soe., vol. 8, p. 287, pl. 9, fig. 2, 1900.)
Labial palpus long, smooth, recurved; second segment slightly
thickened with appressed scales; terminal seyment shorter than
second, slender, acute. Antenna ciliated in male, simple in female,
with pecten on basal segment. Tongue developed.
Fore wing elongate ovate; 12 veins, 1b furcate, ic absent, 2 from
well before angle, 3 and 4 separate, 7 and 8 stalked, both to costa, 11
from before middle.
Hind wing narrower than fore wing, 8 veins; 3 and 4 con-
nate or stalked; 5 connate with or stalked from 4; 6 and 7 parallel
basally, diverging distally.
Male genitalia—Harpe roughly triangular, without clasper. Gna-
thos bifid. Uncus absent.
Female genitalia—Ductus bursae membranous or sclerotized for
at least some of its length; signum absent.
Triclonella, like the foregoing genus, is referable to the Cosmop-
terygidae. In the fore wing Ic, a vein always possessed by Oecopho-
ridae, is absent, and the socii and uncus of the male genitalia are
likewise missing. This is evidenced by the fact that the two elongate,
lateral processes from the tegumen, which might be confused with
270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
the uncus, are 7n front of the anal opening. These lateral processes
cannot, therefore, be in any way homologized with the uncus.
Three American species are referable to this genus. They are:
pergandeella Busck, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 8, p. 2387, pl. 9, fig. 2, 1900.
determinatella (Zeller), Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 28, p. 289, 1878.
antidectis (Meyrick), Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol, 1, p. 218, 1914. (New com-
bination. )
ANTEQUERA, new genus
Prate 4, Fraures 27, 28; PLATE 9, Ficures 63, 68a, 63b; PLATE 18, Ficurm 111
Genotype-—Semioscopis acertella Busck, Journ. Ent. Zool., Clare-
mont, vol. 5, p. 100, 1913.
Head roughened with slender scales; antenna strongly ciliate in
male, simple in female; basal segment without pecten. Labial palpus
moderately long, slightly upturned; second segment roughened with
coarse scales, longer than third. Thorax smooth.
Fore wing elongate; costa nearly straight; 12 veins; 1b furcate; 2-5
closely approximate at base, from or near angle of cell; 6 approximate
to the stalk of 7 and 8; 7 to costa; termen convex, oblique.
Hind wing as broad as fore wing; 8 veins; 3 and 4 connate; 5 nearer
to 4 than to 6; 6 and 7 parallel.
Male genitalia—Slightly asymmetrical; anellus strongly developed ;
uncus and transtilla absent; socii vestigial; harpe weak.
Female genitalia—Genital plate membranous; signum present.
ANTEQUERA ACERTELLA (Buseck), new combination
Semioscopis acertella BuscK, Journ. Ent. Zool., Claremont, vol. 5, p. 100, 1913.—
Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 186, 1922.—Mc-
DunnovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of
America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), No. 8462, 1989.
Male genitalia—Harpe slender, weak, hairy, without clasper; cucul-
lus rounded; sacculus poorly defined. Anellus strongly developed into
two lateral processes each forming a half of a cylinder in which the
aedeagus rests. Aedeagus long, slender; vesica armed with numerous
streng cornuti. Vinculum produced, rounded, broad. Socii indicated
only by a few hairs. Gnathos divided into two long, pointed processes.
Female genitalia—Genital plate membranous. Ostium with a broad
ventroanterior plate. Ductus bursae strongly sclerotized in posterior
half; inception of ductus seminalis about middle of ductus bursae.
Bursa copulatrix moderately large; signa two small sclerotized, sco-
binate plates.
Alar expanse, 17-19 mm.
Type.—In the United States National Museum.
Type locality—San Diego, Calif.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 271
Remarks.—I am tentatively placing this genus in the family Cosmop-
terygidae. It appears to be related to the genus Macrobathra Meyrick.
The only species I have seen that is referable to this genus is the
genotype.
Family ETHMIIDAE
Genus EUMEYRICKIA Busck
PLATE 1, Figure 8; PLATE 7, Figure 57A; PLATE 12, Fiaures 75, 75a; PLATE 17,
Ficure 104
Eumeyrickia Buscx, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 10, p. 94, 1802; in Dyar,
U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, p. 525, 1908 —Kearrort, in Smith, Check list of
the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 118, 1903.—Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 35, p. 191-192, 1908.—Krarrort, in Smith, Catalogue of the in-
sects of New Jersey, p. 561, 1910—BaARNES and McDunnoucH, Check list
of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 160, 1917.—Forses, Cornell Univ.
Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, p. 234, 19238——Brimiry, The insects of North
Carolina, p. 303, 1938.—McDunnovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of
Canada and the United States of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera),
p. 78, 1989. (Genotype: Chaetochilus trimaculellus Fitch, Report on the
noxious, beneficial, and other insects of the State of New York, vol. 2,
p. 288, 1856.)
?Hido CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., vol. 5, p. 72, 1873.—Busck, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 35, p. 192, 1908. (Genotype: Hido albapalpella Chambers. )
Atheropla Meyrick, Proe. Linn. Ent. Soe. New South Wales, vol. 9, pp. 758-759,
1884. (Genotype: Atheropla melichiora Meyrick.)
The genus Humeyrickia is clearly ethmiid and is here transferred
to that family. Vein 5 of the hind wing is closer to 6 than to 4, a
good ethmiid character, which is supported by genitalic characters.
In the male genitalia, as in other Ethmiidae, the harpe is distinctly
segmented. This character is not found in the Oecophoridae.
Meyrick has synonymized Humeyrickia with the Australian genus
Atheropla, which synonymy seems unlikely. In his description of
the genus * Meyrick states that veins 5-7 of the hind wing are nearly
parallel. If this is true of his Atheropla (partially described from
imperfect material), then H'wmeyrickia immediately becomes separ-
able on the character of vein 5, which is divergent from 6. In view
of these facts I believe it advisable to retain Humeyrickia for our
American species.
The genotype is the only known North American species referable
to this genus.
58 Meyrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 180, p. 109, 1922.
2i2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Family BLASTOBASIDAE
Genus GERDANA Busck
PLate 3, Figure 21; Puare 6, Ficure 42; Prats 8, Figures 58, 58a; Puate 19,
Ficure 117
Gerdana Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 193, 1908—Barnes and
McDunnovuen, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 160,
1917.—Meynricxk, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 180, p. 191, 1922.—
Forses, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Memoir 68, pp. 234-235, 1923.—McDun-
NouGcH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of
America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), p. 79, 1939. (Genotype: Gerdana
caritella Busck.)
Labial palpus short, reaching nearly to vertex; second segment
somewhat roughened beneath; third segment slightly shorter than
third. Tongue well developed. Antenna simple, with pecten on
basal segment. Abdomen strongly spined.
Fore wing elongate-ovate, apex blunt; 12 veins; 1b furcate; 1c not
preserved at margin; 2 from near angle; 3-5 approximate; 7-8
stalked; 7 to termen just below apex, 8 to costa; stalk of 7 and 8
approximate to or connate with 9; 11 from middle.
Hind wing as broad as fore wing with costa excised from middle;
apex pointed, termen straight, oblique; 8 veins; 6 and 7 parallel but
divergent toward tip; 3 and 4 connate or stalked; 5 nearest 4.
Male genitalia —Symmetrical; harpe elongate, divided; clasper
short, curved; anellus tubular; transtilla a narrow band; vinculum
short, spatulate; aedeagus long, stout, straight. Gnathos a hook.
Uncus fleshy, slightly hairy.
Female genitalia.—Bursa copulatrix without signum. Ductus bur-
sae mebranous. Ostium small, with sclerotized plate ventrally.
Remarks.—\ recognize only one species in this genus. The species
is not oecophorid, partaking of both gelechiid and blastobasid char-
acters. Likewise it does not clearly belong to either of these families
but suggests both when certain characters are considered. The ab-
dominal segments are heavily spinose, a good blastobasid character,
but the costa of the fore wing is not thickened nor are veins 10 and
11 unusually distant as in that family. Vein 1c of the fore wing
is not preserved at the margin as in Oecophoridae and the gnathos
is distincity gelechiid. On the spinose character of the abdomen,
the absence of vein 1c of the fore wing and the larval habit of living
in refuse I transfer this genus to the Blastobasidae.
I have before me a series of 15 specimens reared from “witches’-
broom.” These were reared from larvae collected at Canaan, Maine,
by Dr. A. E. Brower. Another series, reared from a long-eared owl’s
nest by W. L. Jellison, was collected in Beaverhead County, Mont.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 273
In addition, I have had for determination the following: 1 male
from Summerland, British Columbia (21-VII-1933, A. N. Gartrell) ;
4 females from Ottawa (8-VITI-1924, G. S. Walley; 16-VII-1906,
C. H. Young) and Blackburn, Ontario (7-VII-1939, E. G. Lester) ;
and 1 female from Putnam County, Il. (14-[X-1939, M. O. Glenn).
Family HELIODINIDAE
Genus EUCLEMENSIA Grote
PLATE 3, FicuRE 23; PLATE 7, FIGURE 54; PLATE 12, Ficures 77, 77a; PLATE 15,
FIGuRE 93
Euclemensia Grote, Can. Ent., vol. 10, p. 69, 1878.—Busck, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 35, p. 202, 1908.—Meryrick, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 165,
p. 20, 1914.—F orgs, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat., Memoir 68, p. 357, 1923.—
McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States
of America (Part 2, Microlepidoptera), p. 87, 1939. (Genotype: Hamadryas
bassettella Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 2, p. 423, 1864.)
Hamadryas Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 2, p. 422, 1864 (preoccu-
pied). (Genotype: Hamadryas bassettella Clemens. )
Head with smoothly appressed scales; antenna slightly rough-
scaled, without pecten on basal segment. Labial palpus exceeding
base of antenna; third segment slightly shorter than second. Tongue
developed.
Fore wing narrow, elongate, costa very slightly concave at middle;
12 veins; 7 and 8 stalked, both to costa.
Hind wing nearly as broad as fore wing, 8 veins; 6 and 7 subparal-
lel; 3 and 4 separate.
Male genitalia—Harpe symmetrical, simple. Anellus with well-
developed lateral processes; central plate absent. Gnathos bifid.
Uncus absent.
Female genitalia—Bursa copulatrix double, partly sclerotized ; in-
ception of ductus seminalis on bursa; two ducts. Ostium opening
in median portion of genital plate.
Remarks.—Although this genus does not belong in the Heliodinidae,
where both Meyrick and Forbes placed it, I am leaving it there until
the family is revised and the genera are reallocated.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
The illustrations for this paper were made by the author; the plates
were composed by Mrs. Eleanor A. Carlin, Bureau of Entomology
and Plant Quarantine. No attempt was made to adhere to a definite
scale in making the drawings. Most of the male genitalia were
drawn to one scale but the female genitalia were drawn to a con-
venient size.
286614—41——16
274 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Heplanation of symbols applied to heads
P=Palpus.
pt=Pecten.
E=HBye.
Explanation of symbols applied to genitalia
MALE
Cl=Clasper of harpe. An= Anellus.
Tr=Traanstilla. lbAn= Lobe of anellus.
Lbtr= Lobe of transtilla. lpAn= Lateral process of anellus.
Hp=Harpe. extSc= Extension of sacculus.
Se=Sacculus. V=Vinculum.
Un= Uncus. Ae= Aedeagus.
Gn= Gnathos. Vs= Vesica.
Tg=Tegumen. Cu=Cornuti.
Si=Socii. ODM= Outer dorsal margin of sacculus.
th= Terminal hook of aedeagus.
FEMALE
Gp= Genital plate. Db=Ductus bursae.
O= Ostium. Ds= Ductus seminalis.
Be=Bursa copulatrix. Op=Ovipositor.
S=Signum. SpOp=Spines of ovipositor.
PLATE 1
1. Triclonella pergandeella Busck: Lateral aspect of head, showing eye, labial
palpus, and basal segment of antenna with pecten.
. Mathildana newmanella (Clemens): Lateral aspect of head, showing eye,
labial palpus, and basal segment of antenna without pecten.
3. Carolana ascriptella (Busck): Lateral aspect of head, showing eye, labial
palpus, and basal segment of antenna with pecten.
4. Chambersia haydenella (Chambers): Lateral aspect of head, showing eye,
labial palpus, and basal segment of antenna with pecten.
5. Endrosis lactelia (Schiffermiiller) : Lateral aspect of head, showing eye,
labial palpus, and basal segment of antenna without pecten.
6. Pleurota bicostella (Clerck): Lateral aspect of head, showing eye, labial
palpus, and basal segment of antenna with pecten.
7. Inga sparsiciliella (Clemens): Lateral aspect of head, showing eye, labial
palpus, and basal segment of antenna without pecten.
8. Eumeyrickia trimaculella (Fitch): Lateral aspect of head, showing eye,
labial palpus, and basal segment of antenna without pecten.
9. Carcina quercana (Fabricius): Lateral aspect of head showing eye, labial
palpus, and basal segment of antenna with pecten.
10. Martyringa latipennis (Walsingham): Lateral aspect of head, showing eye,
labial palpus, and basal segment of antenna without pecten.
iw}
PLATE 2
11. Depressaria heracliana (Linnaeus): Lateral aspect of head, showing eye,
labial palpus, and basal segment of antenna with pecten.
12.
138.
14.
16.
16.
17.
18
>
19.
21.
22.
23.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
. Himmacia huachucella (Buseck) : Lateral aspect of head, showing eye, labial
35.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
. Martyringa latipennis (Walsingham).
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 275
Hofmannophila pseudospretella (Stainton) : Lateral aspect of head, showing
eye, labial palpus, and basal segment of antenna with pecien.
Agonopterix ocellana (Fabricius): Lateral aspect of head, showing eye,
labial palpus, and basal segment of antenna with pecten.
Epicallima argenticinctella (Clemens) : Lateral aspect of head, showing eye,
labial palpus, and basal segment of antenna without pecten.
Semioscopis steinkellneriana (Schiffermiiller) : Lateral aspect of head, show-
ing eye, labial palpus, and basal segment of antenna without pecten.
Apachea barberella (Buseck): Lateral aspect of head, showing eye, labial
palpus, and basal segment of antenna with pecten.
Martyrhilda canella (Busck): Lateral aspect of head, showing eye, labial
palpus, and basal segment of antenna with pecten.
Schiffermiilleria schaefferella (Linnaeus): Lateral aspect of head, showing
eye, labial palpus, and basal segment of antenna without pecten.
PLATE 3
Decantha borkhausenii (Zeller) : Lateral aspect of head, showing eye, labial
palpus, and basal segment of antenna with pecten.
. Anoncia conia (Walsingham): Lateral aspect of head, showing eye, labial
palpus, and basal segment of antenna with pecten.
Gerdana caritella Buseck: Lateral aspect of head, showing eye, labial palpus,
and basal segment of antenna with pecten.
Occophora bractella (Linnaeus) : Lateral aspect of head, showing eye, labial
palpus, and basal segment of antenna without pecten.
Euclemensia bassettella (Clemens): Lateral aspect of head, showing eye,
labial palpus, and basal segment of antenna without pecten.
. Psilocorsis quercicella Clemens: Lateral aspect of head, showing eye, labial
palpus, and basal segment of antenna without pecten.
Fabiola shaleriella (Chambers) : Lateral aspect of head, showing eye, labial
palpus, and basal segment of antenna without pecten.
Machimia tentoriferella Clemens: Lateral aspect of head, showing eye, labial
palpus, and basal segment of antenna without pecten.
PLATE 4
Antequera acerieila (Buseck) : Wings.
Antequera aceriella (Busck): Lateral aspect of head, showing eye, labial
palpus, and basal segment of antenna without pecten.
Bibarrambla allenella (Walsingham) : Wings.
Bibarrambla allenella (Walsingham) : Lateral aspect of head, showing eye,
labial palpus, and basal segment of antenna with pecten.
Himmacia huachucella (Busck) : Wings.
palpus, and basal segment of antenna without pecten.
PLATE 5
Wing Venation
Machimia tentoriferella Clemens.
Pleurota bicostella, (Clerck).
Semioscopis steinkellneriana (Schiffermiiller).
Carcina quercana (Fabricius).
Inga sparsiciliella (Clemens).
Psilocorsis quercicella Clemens.
276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM von. 90
40.
41.
42.
43.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
50.
56.
57.
PLATE 6
Wing Venation
Apachea barberella (Busck).
Fabiola shaleriella (Chambers).
Gerdana caritella Busck.
Hofmannophila pseudospretella (Stainton).
. Martyrhilda canella (Busck).
Agonopteriz ocellana (Fabricius).
Chambersia haydenelia (Chambers).
Epicallima argenticinctella (Clemens).
Depressaria heracliana (Linnaeus).
PLATE 7
Wing Venation
Carolana ascriptella (Busck).
Mathildana newmanella (Clemens).
Endrosis lactella (Schiffermiiller).
Anoncia conia (Walsingham).
Oecophora bracitella (Linnaeus).
Euclemensia bassettella (Clemens).
Decantha borkhausenii (Zeller).
Schiffermiilleria schaeffereila (Linnaeus).
Triclonella pergandeella Busck.
57A. Eumeyrickia trimaculella (Fitch).
PLATE 8
58-58a. Gerdana caritella Busck; 58, Ventral aspect of male genitalia; 58a,
aedeagus, lateral view.
59-59a. Psilocorsis quercicella Clemens: 59, Ventral aspect of male genitalia;
59a, aedeagus, lateral view.
60-60a. Endrosis lactella (Schiffermiiller) : 60, Ventral aspect of male genitalia ;
60a, aedeagus, lateral view.
61-61la. Fabiola shaleriella (Chambers): 61, Ventral aspect of male genitalia;
6la, aedeagus, lateral view.
62-62a. Agonopteriz ocellana (Fabricius) : 62, Ventral aspect of male genitalia ;
62a, aedeagus, lateral view.
PLATE 9
63-63b. Antequera acertella (Busck) : 68, Ventral aspect of male genitalia with
aedeagus removed; 63a, lateral aspect of male genitalia with aedeagus
removed ; 63b, aedeagus, lateral view.
64-64a. Himmacia huachucella (Busck): 64, Ventral aspect of male genitalia
with aedeagus removed; 64a, aedeagus, lateral view.
65-65a. Bibarrambdla allenella (Walsingham) : 65, Ventral aspect of male genitalia
with aedeagus removed; 65a, aedeagus, lateral view.
PLATE 10
66-66a. Decantha bdborkhausenii (Zeller): Ventral aspect of male genitalia;
66a, aedeagus, lateral view.
67-67a. Martyrhilda canella (Busck): 67, Ventral aspect of male genitalia;
67a, aedeagus, lateral view.
68-68a.
69-69b.
70-70a.
71-Tla.
72-T2a.
73-73a.
[4-74b.
75-T5a.
76-76a,
T7-T7a.
78-78b.
79-79a.
80-80a.
81-8la.
82-82a.
83-83a.
84-84a.
85-85a.
86-86b.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 204.
Depressaria heracliana (Linnaeus): 68, Ventral aspect of male geni-
talia; 68a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Carolana ascriptella (Busck): 69, Ventral aspect of male genitalia;
69a, aedeagus, lateral view; 69b, gnathos and uncus, lateral view.
Machimia tentoriferella Clemens; 70, Ventral aspect of male genitalia;
70a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Prare 11
Carcina quercana (Fabricius): 71, Ventral aspect of male genitalia;
Tla, aedeagus, lateral view.
Martyringa latipennis (Walsingham) : 72, Ventral aspect of male geni-
talia; 72a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Semioscopis steinkellneriana (Schiffermiiller) : 73, Ventral aspect of
male genitalia; 78a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Mathiidana newmanella (Clemens) : 74, Ventral aspect of right harpe and
anellus; 74a, aedeagus, lateral view; 74b, gnathos and uncus, lateral
view.
PLATE 12
Humeyrickia trimaculella (Fitch): 75, Ventral aspect of male geni-
talia; 75a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Pleurota bicostella (Clerck): 76, Ventral aspect of male genitalia;
76a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Euclemensia bassettella (Clemens): 77, Ventral aspect of male geni-
talia; 77a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Hofmannophila pseudospretella (Stainton): 78, Ventral aspect of
male genitalia; 78a, aedeagus, lateral view; 78b, gnathos and uncus,
lateral view.
Chambersia haydenella (Chambers): 79, Ventral aspect of male geni-
talia; 79a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Inga sparsiciliella (Clemens): 80, Ventral aspect of male genitalia;
80a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Epicallima argenticinctella (Clemens) : 81, Ventral aspect of male geni-
talia; 8la, aedeagus, lateral view.
PLATE 13
Schiffermiilleria schaefferella (Linnaeus): 82, Ventral aspect of male
genitalia; 82a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Oecophora bractella (Linnaeus): 83, Ventral aspect of male genitalia;
83a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Triclonella pergandeella Busck: 84, Ventral aspect of male genitalia;
84a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Anoncia conia (Walsingham): 85, Ventral aspect of male genitalia;
85a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Apachea barberella (Busck): 86, Ventral aspect of male genitalia ;
86a, aedeagus, lateral view; 86b, dorsal view of tegumen to show
absence of uncus.
PLATE 14
87. Pleurota bicostella (Clerck) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
88. Carcina quercana (Fabricius): Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
89. Inga sparsiciliella (Clemens) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
90. Martyringa latipennis (Walsingham): Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
91. Decantha borkhausenii (Zeller) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
92. Machimia tentoriferella Clemens: Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
PLATE 15
93. Euclemensia bassettella (Clemens) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
94. Apachea barberella (Busck) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
PLATE 16
95. Fabiola shaleriella (Chambers) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
86. Carolana ascriptella (Busck) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
97. Semioscopis steinkellneriana (Schiffermiiller) : Ventral aspect of female
genitalia.
98. Schiffermiilleria schaefferella (Linnaeus): Ventral aspect of female
genitalia.
99. Epicallima argenticinctella (Clemens): Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
100. Marityrhilda caneila (Buseck): Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
101. Hofmannophila pseudospretella (Stainton): Ventral aspect of female
genitalia.
PLATE 17
102. Depressaria heracliana (Linnaeus): Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
103. Agonopteriz ocellana (Fabricius) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
104. Humeyrickia trimaculella (Fitch): Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
105. Psilocorsis quercicella Clemens: Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
106. Borkhausenia minutella (Linnaeus) : Abdominal spines (setae).
107. Martyringa latipennis (Walsingham): Abdominal spines (setae).
108. Carolana ascriptella (Busck): Truncated abdominal spines (setae).
PLATE 18
109. Bibarrambia allenelia (Walsingham); Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
110. Himmacia huachucella (Busck): Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
111. Antequera acertella (Busck): Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
PLATE 19
112. Triclonella pergandeella (Busck): Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
118. Oecophora bractella (Linnaeus): Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
114. Anoncia conia (Walsingham): Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
115. Chambdersia haydenella (Chambers) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
116. Endrosis lactella (Schiffermiiller) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
117. Gerdana caritella Busck: Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
118. Mathildana newmanella (Clemens) ; Ventral aspect of female genitalia.
PLATE 20
119-119a. Fabiola tecta Braun: 119, Ventral aspect of male genitalia with left
harpe and tegumen removed; 119a, aedeagus, lateral view.
120-120a. Schiffermiilleria edithella (Busck): 120, Ventral aspect of male
genitalia with left harpe and tegumen removed; 120a, aedeagus,
lateral view.
121-121a. Schiffermiilleria lucidella (Busck): 121, Ventral aspect of male
genitalia with left harpe and tegumen removed; 121a, aedeagus,
lateral view.
122-122a.
123-128a.
124-124a.
125-125a.
126-126a.
127-127a.
128-128a.
129-129a.
130-130a.
181.
132.
133.
134.
135-135a.
136.
137-1387a.
138-138a.
139-1392.
140-140a.
141.
142-142a.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 279
Schiffermiilleria quadrimaculella (Chambers) : 122, Ventral aspect of
male genitalia with left harpe and tegumen removed ; 122a, aedeagus,
lateral view.
Pleurota albastrigulella (Kearfott): 128, Ventral aspect of male
genitalia with left harpe and tegumen removed; 123a, aedeagus,
lateral view.
Epicallima formosella (Schiffermiiller) : 124, Ventral aspect of male
genitalia with left harpe and tegumen removed; 124a, aedeagus,
lateral view.
Decantha boreasella (Chambers) : 125, Ventral aspect of male geni-
talia with left harpe and tegumen removed; 125a, aedeagus, lateral
view.
PLATE 21
Inga obscuromaculella (Chambers): 126, Ventral aspect of male
genitalia with left harpe and tegumen removed; 126a, aedeagus,
lateral view.
Inga canariella (Busck) : 127, Ventral aspect of male genitalia with
left harpe and tegumen removed; 127a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Inga ciliella (Busck): 128, Ventral aspect of male genitalia with
left harpe and tegumen removed; 128a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Inga concolorella (Beutenmiiller) : 129, Ventral aspect of male geni-
talia with left harpe and tegumen removed; 129a, aedeagus, lateral
view.
Inga cretacea (Zeller): 180, Ventral aspect of male genitalia with
left harpe and tegumen removed; 180a, aedeagus, lateral view.
PLATE 22
Psilocorsis reflerelia Clemens: Aedeagus, lateral view.
Psilocorsis caryae, new species: Aedeagus, lateral view.
Psilocorsis obsoletella (Zeller) : Aedeagus, lateral view.
Psilocorsis faginella (Chambers) : Aedeagus, lateral view.
Semioscopis aurorella Dyar; Ventral aspect of male genitalia with
left harpe and tegumen removed ; 135a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Semioscopis medunnoughi, new species: Aedeagus, lateral view.
Semioscopis inornata (Walsingham) : Ventral aspect of male genitalia
with left harpe and tegumen removed ;,1387a, aedeagus, lateral view.
PLATE 23
Semioscopis megamicrella Dyar: 138, Ventral aspect of male genitalia
with left harpe and tegumen removed; 138a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Semioscopis braunae, new species: 139, Ventral aspect of male geni-
talia with left harpe and tegumen removed; 189a, aedeagus, lateral
view.
Semioscopis packardella (Clemens): Ventral aspect of male genitalia
with left harpe and tegumen removed; 140a, aedeagus, lateral
view.
Semioscopis merriccella Dyar: Aedeagus, lateral view.
PLATE 24
Martyrhilda gracilis (Walsingham) : 142, Ventral aspect of right harpe
and anellus of male genitalia ; 142a, aedeagus, lateral view.
280
143-1438a.
144.
145-145a.
146-146a.
147-147a.
148-148a.
149-149a.
150-150a.
151.
152-152a.
153-153a.
154.
155.
156-156a.
157-157a.
158-158a.
159-159a.
160-160a.
161-161a.
162-162a.
163-163a.
164-164a.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Martyrhilda umbraticostella’ (Walsingham) ; 143, Ventral aspect of
male genitalia with left harpe removed; 143a, aedeagus, lateral
view.
Martyrhilda thoracenigraeella (Chambers) : Aedeagus, lateral view.
Martyrhilda sordidella, new species: 145, Ventral aspect of male gen-
italia with left harpe and tegumen removed; 145a, aedeagus, lateral
view.
Martyrhilda thoracefascieclla (Chambers) : 146, Ventral aspect of right
harpe and anellus of male genitalia; 146a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Martyrhilda sphaeralceae, new species: 147, Ventral aspect of right
harpe and anellus of male genitalia; 147a. aedeagus, lateral view.
Martyrhilda hildaella, new species: 148, Ventral aspect of male genitalia
with left harpe and tegumen removed; 148a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Martyrhilda sciadopa (Meyrick) : 149, Ventral aspect of male genitalia
with left harpe removed ; 149a, aedeagus, lateral view.
PLATE 25
Martyrhilda nivalis (Braun): 150, Ventral aspect of male genitalia
with left harpe removed; 150a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Mariyrhilda klamathiana (Walsingham) : Lateral view of aedeagus.
Agonopterix fulva (Walsingham) : 152, Ventral aspect of male geni-
talia with left harpe removed; 152a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopteriz gelidella (Busck) : 1538, Ventral aspect of male genitalia
with left harpe removed; 153a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopteriz arcuella, new species: Clasper and sacculus of right
harpe of male genitalia.
Agonopteria lythrella (Walsingham): Clasper and sacculus of right
harpe of male genitalia.
Agonopterix hyperella Ely: 156, Ventral aspect of right harpe and
anellus of male genitalia; 156a, aedeagus, lateral view.
PLATE 26
Agonopierix curvilineella (Beutenmiiller): 157, Ventral aspect of
right harpe and anellus of male genitalia; 157a, aedeagus, lateral
view,
Agonopteriz muricolorella (Busck) : 158, Ventral aspect of right harpe
and anellus of male genitalia; 158a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopteriz clemensella (Chambers): 159, Ventral aspect of right
harpe and anellus of male genitalia; 159a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopteriz atrodorsella (Clemens): 160, Ventral aspect of right
harpe and anellus of male genitalia; 160a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopterix nubiferella (Walsingham): 161, Ventral aspect of right
harpe and anellus of male genitalia; 161a, aedeagus, lateral view.
PLATH 27
Agonopterix pteleae Barnes and Busck: 162, Ventral aspect of right
harpe and anellus of male genitalia; 162a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopteriz eupatoriiella (Chambers) : 1638, Ventral aspect of right
harpe and anellus of male genitalia; 163a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopteriz pulvipennella (Clemens): 164, Ventral aspect of right
harpe and anellus of male genitalia; 164a, aedeagus, lateral view.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 281
PLATE 28
200B. Depressaria togata Walsingham; Male genitalia (drawn by Herbert
166—166a.
167-167a.
168-168a.
169-169a.
170-170a.
171-171a.
172-172a.
173-173a.
174-174a.
175-175a.
176-176a.
177-177a.
178-178a.
179-179a.
180-180a.
181-181a.
182-182a.
183-183a.
harpe and anellus of male genitalia; 165a, aedeagus, Jateral view.
Agonopteriv rosaciliella (Busck) : 166, Ventral aspect of right harpe
and anellus of male genitalia; 166a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopteria fusciterminella, new species: 167, Ventral aspect of
right harpe and anellus of male genitalia; 167a, aedeagus, lateral
view.
Agonopterix novi-nundi (Walsingham) : 168, Ventral aspect of right
harpe and anellus of male genitalia; 168a, aedeagus, lateral aspect.
PLATE 29
Agonopteriz robiniella (Packard) : 169, Ventral aspect of right harpe
and anellus of male genitalia; 169a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopteriz nigrinotella (Busck) : 170, Ventral aspect of right harpe
and anellus of male genitalia; 170a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopteriz argillacea (Walsingham): 171, Ventral aspect of right
harpe and anellus of male genitalia; 17la, aedeagus, lateral view.
PLATE 30
Agonopteriz senicionella (Busck) : 172, Ventral aspect of right harpe
and anellus of male genitalia; 172a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopteriz flavicomella (Engel) : 178, Ventral aspect of right harpe
and anellus of male genitalia; 178a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopterix costimacula, new species: 174, Ventral aspect of right
harpe and anellus of male genitalia; 174a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopterix antennariella, new species: 175, Ventral aspect of right
harpe and anellus of male genitalia; 175a, aedeagus, lateral view.
PLATE 31
Agonopterix oregonensis, new species: 176, Ventral aspect of right
harpe and anellus of male genitalia ; 176a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopteriz psoraliella (Walsingham) : 177, Ventral aspect of right
harpe and anellus of male genitalia ; 177a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopterix clarkei Keifer: 178, Ventral aspect of right harpe and
anellus of male genitalia; 178a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopteria dimorphella, new species: 179, Ventral aspect of male
genitalia with left harpe and tegumen removed; 179a, aedeagus,
lateral view.
Agonopteriz cajonensis, new species: 180, Ventral aspect of male
genitalia with left harpe and tegumen removed; 180a, aedeagus,
lateral view.
PLATE 32
Agonopterir sabulella (Walsingham): 181, Ventral aspect of right
harpe and anellus of male genitalia ; 18la, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopterix pallidella (Busck): 182, Ventral aspect of right harpe
and anellus of male genitalia ; 182a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopteriz pergandeella (Busck) : 183, Ventral aspect of right harpe
and anellus of male genitalia ; 183a, aedeagus, lateral view.
282
184-184a.
185-185a.
186.
187-187a.
188-188a.
189-189a.
190-190a.
191-191b.
192-192b.
193-193b.
194-194a.
195-195a.
196-196a.
197-197a.
198-198a.
199-199a.
200-200a.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Agonopterix costosa (Haworth): 184, Ventral aspect of right harpe
and anellus of male genitalia ; 184a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopteriz nebulosa (Zeller) : 185, Ventral aspect of right harpe and
anellus of male genitalia ; 185a, aedeagus, lateral view.
PLATE 33
Agonopteriz arnicella (Walsingham): Ventral aspect of right harpe
and anellus of male genitalia.
Agonopterix amissella (Busck): 187, Ventral aspect of right harpe
and anellus of male genitalia ; 187a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopteriz latipalpella Barnes and Busck: 188, Ventral aspect of
right harpe and anellus of male genitalia; 188a, aedeagus, lateral
view.
Agonopteriz sanguinella (Buseck): 189, Ventral aspect of right harpe
and anellus of male genitalia ; 189a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Agonopterix posticella (Walsingham): 190, Ventral aspect of right
harpe and anellus of male genitalia; 190a, aedeagus, lateral view.
PLATE 34
Depressaria maculatella Busck: 191, Ventral aspect of right harpe and
anellus of male genitalia; 191la, aedeagus, lateral view; 191b, trans-
tilla, ventral view.
Depressaria grotella Robinson: 192, Ventral aspect of right harpe and
anellus of male genitalia; 192a, aedeagus, lateral view; 192b, trans-
tilla, ventral view.
Depressaria betulella Busck: 1938, Ventral aspect of right harpe and
anellus of male genitalia; 198a, aedeagus, lateral view; 193b, trans-
tilla, ventral view.
PLATE 35
Depressaria atrostrigella, new species: 194, Ventral aspect of right
harpe, anellus, vinculum, and transtilla of male genitalia; 194a,
aedeagus, lateral view.
Depressaria alienelia Busck: 195, Ventral aspect of right harpe, anellus
and transtilla of male genitalia ; 195a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Depressaria ariemisiella McDunnough: 196, Ventral aspect of right
harpe, anellus, and transtilla of male genitalia; 196a, aedeagus,
lateral view.
Depressaria artemisiae dracunculi Clarke: 197, Ventral aspect of right
harpe, anellus and transtilla of male genitalia; 197a, aedeagus.
lateral view.
PLATE 36
Depressaria angustati, new species: 198, Ventral aspect of right harpe,
anellus and transtilla of male genitalia; 198a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Depressaria multifidae Clarke: 199, Ventral aspect of right harpe,
anellus and transtilla of male genitalia; 199a, aedeagus, lateral view.
Depressaria whitmani, new species: 200, Ventral aspect of right
harpe, anellus and transtilla of male genitalia ; 200a, aedeagus, lateral
view.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 283
PLATE 37
200B. Depressaria togata Walsingham: Male genitalia (drawn by Herbert
Stringer).
201-201a. Depressaria yakimae, new species: 201, Ventral aspect of male genitalia
with left harpe and tegumen removed; 201a, aedeagus, lateral view.
202-202a. Depressaria leptotaeniae Clarke: 202, Ventral aspect of male genitalia
with left harpe and tegumen removed; 202a, aedeagus, lateral view.
PLATE 38
2038-203a. Depressaria juliella Busck: 203, Ventral aspect of right harpe and
anellus of male genitalia; 203a, aedeagus, lateral view.
204-204a. Depressaria eleanorae, new species: 204, Ventral aspect of right harpe
and anellus of male genitalia; 204a, aedeagus, lateral view.
205-205a. Depressaria cinereocostella Clemens: 205, Ventral aspect of hight harpe,
anellus and transtilla of male genitalia ; 205a, aedeagus, lateral view.
PLATE 39
206. Inga obscuromaculella (Chambers) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia with-
out ovipositor.
207. Inga canariella (Busck): Ventral aspect of female genitalia without
ovipositor.
208. Inga concolorella (Beutenmiiller) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia with-
out ovipositor.
209. Inga ciliella (Busck) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia without ovipositor.
210. Inga cretacea (Zeller) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia without ovipositor.
211. Decantha boreasella (Chambers): Ventral aspect of female genitalia with-
out ovipositor.
212. Pleurota albastrigulella (Kearfott) : Bursa copulatrix and signa of female
genitalia.
213. Schiffermiilleria quadrimaculella (Chambers) : Ventral view of genital plate
of female genitalia.
214. Schiffermiilleria edithella (Busck) : Ventral view of genital plate of female
genitalia.
215. Schiffermiilleria lucidella (Busck) : Ventral aspect of genital plate of female
genitalia.
216. Epicallima formosella (Schiffermiiller) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
PLATE 40
217. Psilocorsis faginella (Chambers): Ventral aspect of genital plate,
ostium, and posterior portion of ductus bursae of female genitalia.
218. Psilocorsis faginella (Chambers): Signum of bursa copulatrix.
219. Psilocorsis caryae, new species: Ventral aspect of genital plate, os-
tium, and posterior portion of ductus bursae of female genitalia.
220. Psilocorsis obsoletella (Zeller): Ventral aspect of genital plate, os-
tium, and posterior portion of ductus bursae of female genitalia.
221. Psilocorsis jletcherella Gibson: Signum of bursa copulatrix.
. Psilocorsis reflexella Clemens: Signum of bursa copulatrix.
. Semioscopis auroreila Dyar: Ventral aspect of female genitalia with-
out ovipositor.
co bo
284
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
224. Semioscopis braunae, new species: Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
225. Semioscopis inornata (Walsingham): Ventral aspect of ovipositor,
showing hooked macrosetae, genital plate, ostium, and posterior
portion of ductus bursae of female genitalia.
226. Semioscopis megamicrella Dyar: Ventral aspect of genital plate, os-
tium, and posterior portion of ductus bursae of female genitalia.
227. Semioscopis merriccella Dyar: Bursa copulatrix of female genitalia.
228-228a. Semioscopis packardella (Clemens) : 228, Ventral aspect of genital
plate, ostium, and posterior portion of ductus bursae of female
genitalia; 228a, bursa copulatrix.
229. Agonopteriz dimorphella, new species: Ventral aspect of female geni-
talia without ovipositor.
230-230a. Agonopterix clarkei Keifer: 230, Ventral aspect of ovipositor lobes of
232.
234,
235.
236.
237.
238.
239.
female genitalia showing spines (setae) of the ovipositor; 280a,
ventral view of genital plate and ostium.
231. Martyrhilda nivalis (Braun): Ventral aspect of female genitalia with-
out ovipositor.
PLATE 41
Martyrhilda umbraticostella (Walsingham): Ventral aspect of female
genitalia without ovipositor.
. Martyrhilda gracilis (Walsingham): Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
Martyrhilda klamathiana (Walsingham): Ventral aspect of female geni-
talia without ovipositor.
Martyrhilda thoracefasciella (Chambers): Ventral aspect of female geni-
talia without ovipositor.
Martyrhilda sciadopa (Meyrick): Ventral aspect of female genitalia with-
out ovipositor.
Martyrhilda sphaeralceae, new species: Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
Martyrhilda sordidella, new species: Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
Martyrhilda thoracenigraeella (Chambers) : Ventral aspect of female geni-
talia without ovipositor.
PLATE 42
240. Agonopteriz hyperella Ely: Ventral aspect of female genitalia without
Ovipositor.
241, Agonopteri# oregonensis, new species: Ventral aspect of female gen-
italia without ovipositor.
242, Agonopterix clemensella (Chambers): Ventral aspect of female geni-
italia without ovipositor.
243. Agonopterixz muricolorella (Busck) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
244-2449. Agonopteriz cajonensis, new species: 244, Ventral aspect of genital
plate, ostium and posterior portion of ductus bursae; 244a, bursa
copulatrix.
245. Agonopterig# curvilineella (Beutenmiiller) : Ventral aspect of female
genitalia without ovipositor.
246. Agonopteriz arcuella, new species: Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
REVISION OF THE OECOPHORIDAE—CLARKE 285
247-247a. Agonopterix gelidella (Busck): 247, Ventral aspect of genital plate,
ostium and posterior portion of ductus bursae; 247a, bursa
copulatrix.
248. Agonopterix fulva (Walsingham): Ventral aspect of female genitalia with-
out ovipositor.
PLATE 43
249. Agonopteriz eupatoriiella (Chambers): Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
250. Agonopteriz scabella (Zeller): Ventral aspect of female genitalia without
Ovipositor.
251. Agonopterix pteleae Barnes and Busck: Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
252. Agonopterix atrodorsella (Clemens): Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
253. Agonopteriz pulvipennella (Clemens): Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
PuLateE 44
254. Agonopterix walsinghamella (Busck): Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
255. Agonopterix argillacea (Walsingham) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipostor.
256. Agonopterix pallidella (Busck) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia without
ovipositor.
257. Agonopterix rosaciliella (Busck): Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
258. Agonopterix fusciterminella,.new species: Ventral aspect of female geni-
talia without ovipositor.
259. Agonopterix robiniella (Packard): Ventral aspect of genital plate of
female genitalia.
259A. Agonopterix thelmae, new species: Ventral aspect of genital plate of
female genitalia.
260. Agonopterix lecontella (Clemens): Ventral aspect of bursa copulatrix of
female genitalia.
PLATE 45
261. Agonopterix costimacula, new species: Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
262. Agonopterix canadensis (Busck) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia with-
out ovipositor.
263. Agonopterix senicionella (Busck) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia with-
out ovipositor.
264. Agonopterix antennariella, new species: Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
265. Agonopterix nigrinotella (Busck) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia with-
out ovipositor.
266. Agonopteriz nebulosa (Zeller) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia without
ovipositor.
267. Agonopterix flavicomella (Engel) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia with-
out ovipositor.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Piate 46
. Agonopteriz latipalpella Barnes and Busck: Ventral aspect of female
genitalia without ovipositor.
. Agonopteriz amissella (Busck) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia without
ovipositor.
. Agonopteriz sabulella (Walsingham): Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
. Agonopteriz psoraliclla (Walsingham) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
. Agonopteriz amyrisella (Busck) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia with-
out ovipositor.
. Agonopteria costosa (Haworth) : Ventral aspect of female genitalia without
ovipositor.
. Agonopteriz posticella (Walsingham): Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
PLATE 47
275. Depressaria maculateila Busck: Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
276-276a. Depressaria betulella Busck: 276, Ventral aspect of genital plate and
part of ductus bursae of female genitalia; 276a, signum.
277-277a. Depressaria grotella Robinson: 277, Ventral aspect of genital plate
of female genitalia; 277a, signum.
278. Depressaria artemisiella McDunnough: Ventral aspect of female geni-
talia without ovipositor.
279. Depressaria eleanorae, new species: Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
280. Depressaria juliella Busck: Ventral aspect of female genitalia without
ovipositor.
PLATE 48
. Depressaria cinereocostella Clemens: Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
. Depressaria alienella Busck: Ventral aspect of female genitalia without
ovipositor.
. Depressaria artemisiae dracunculi Clarke: Ventral aspect of female geni-
talia without ovipositor.
. Depressaria palousella, new species: Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
. Depressaria yakimae, new species: Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
. Depressaria whitmani, new species: Ventral aspect of female genitalia
without ovipositor.
. Depressaria angustati, new species: Ventral aspect of genital plate and
part of ductus bursae of female genitalia.
. Depressaria multifidae Clarke: Ventral aspect of genital plate and part
of ductus bursae of female genitalia.
. Depressaria leptotaeniae Clarke: Ventral aspect of genital plate and part
of ductus bursae of female genitalia.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 1
3. CAROLANA
6. PLEUROTA
9. CARC/NA JO. MARTYRINGA
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE, COSMOPTERYGIDAE, AND ETHMIIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 274.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 2
/4. EPICALLIMA 15. SETHOSCOP/S
=
S22 =
/3. AGONOPTERIX
S : \
1/6. APACHEA ~
17. TART YRHILDA 18. SCHIFFERMULLERIA
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 274-275
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 3
/ iy 20. ANONC/A 2/ GERDANA
/Q. DECANTHA
K\ Ss
ee:
oa
235. EUCLEMENSIA
=
Nee 7
24. PS/ILOCORSIS 25 FABIOLA 26. /7ACHIMIA ~ #
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE, COSMOPTERYGIDAE, BLASTOBASIDAE,
AND HELIODINIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 275.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL.90 PLATE 4
27 ANTEQUERA
29 BIBARRAMBLA
SI. HIMMACIA G2. HIMMACIA
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE AND COSMOPTERYGIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 275.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 5
34. PLEUROTA Le
coe 39. MARTYRINGA
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 275.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL.90 PLATE 6
4/ FABIOLA 42. GERDANA
47 EPICALLIMA
FE. MARTYRIMLDA SNe 4 48. DEPRESSARIA
NORTH. AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE AND BLASTOBASIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 276.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 7
50. MATHILDANA 55, DECANTHA
5/ ENDROSI/S 56. SCH/FFERMULLERIA
57 TRICLONELLA
LECF
535, OECOPHORA S7A EUMEYRICKIA
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE, COSMOPTERYGIDAE, ETHMIIDAE, AND
HELIODINIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 276.
U. S, NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 8
60 ENDROS/S
Ol FABIOLA
( Lbtr
i
KN
tN \\\
02 AGONOPTER/X
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE AND BLASTOBASIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 276.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 9
— =
=—S A B
SS
So
Soa a
WA XO
i
ee 4 \\\ ny iy
65. BIBARRAMBLA
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE AND COSMOPTERYGIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 276.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 10
69. CAROLANA
70. MACHIMIA ik
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 276-277.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 11
72 (IARTYRINGA
73. SETHOSCOPIS
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 277.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL.90 PLATE 12
80. INGA Sf 8/ EPICALLIMA
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE, ETHMIIDAE, AND HELIODINIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 277.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL.90 PLATE 13
86. APACHEA
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE AND COSMOPTERYGIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 277.
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 14
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
an
=
it
87 PLEUROTA
92. MACHIMIA
90. TARTYRINGA
89. /NGA
91. DECANTHA
88. CARCINA
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 277-278.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 15
yy)
4
935. EUCLEMENSIA 94, APACHEA
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE AND HELIODINIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 278.
PROCEEDINGS, VOL.90 PLATE 16
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
RMULLERIA
98. SCHFFE|
96 CAROLANA
95. FABIOLA
i
97 SEMOSCOPIS 99. EPICALLIMA
/0t HOFMANNOPHILA
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 278
100. MARTYRHILDA
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 17
Vy Y
102. DEPRESSARIA
103. AGONOPTERIX 0
ZZ SS C
a e232 2
wu Seale ye
eons: BORKHAUSENIAS /07, MARTYRINGA # / 108. CAROLANA &
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE AND ETHMIIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 278.
PROCEEDINGS. VOL. 90 PLATE 18
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
naman
II. ANTEQUERA
/O2. BIBARRAMBLA
110. HIMMACIA
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE AND COSMOPTERYGIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 278.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 19
1/2, TRICLONELLA
115. CHAMBERSIA 1/6. ENDROSIS
18. MTATHILDANA
//4. ANONCIA
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE, COSMOPTERYGIDAE, AND BLASTOBASIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 278.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL.
(24a —_ 125. boreasella
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 278-279.
90 PLATE 20
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 21
}/ Wy oN
Lo \ fs
eo Wh
, Y} |\
\ TY, : \\ |
Noh aR t
Y. 4 =
wy Sy 4
‘x uy
; tS eo ag
Se
128. ciliella
729, concolorella 130. Cr@taceéa
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 279
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE ae
ea
cee ; 134 Taginella
/37, inornata
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 279.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 23
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 279.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 24
(47 S—PhAECrAICEA E
MW \ 44 thoracenigraeella
ee
/46 thoracefasctella 149. SCladooa es
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 279-280.
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 25
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PPP ann
156 /yperaua.
152 Fulva
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 280.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 26
we
~— 760 atrodorsella
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 280.
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 27
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
—
S—
nc
ys
—— Mh
Ep
—ZeE= i}
ZN
P
SS AM
163 cupatortiella
t
Lb
Mh
104 pulvipermella
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 280.
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 28
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
165 walsinghamella
rosaciliglla
166.
"168. NOVL-Imundl
107 fusciterrmpncia
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 281.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 29
la. - 7 5 erglacea
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 281.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 80 PLATE 30
AN \ 1
se PSN 3 du ( Hl
ya i AT
en We
ae i ff 4 Ck
, eae
(73 tlavicomella
sé phe RTS GS
a se aes
(74 costumacula ‘175. antennariela
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 281.
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 31
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
180. Ca/jONENStS
177 psoraliella a
178 Clarkel
UN geen
Ki; (AE billy
DB Zi se a
ee
SS
/76 oregonensis
/79.dumorphella
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 281.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 32
185 nebiilosa
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 281-282.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL.30 PLATE 33
78S sanguinea 790 postitella
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 282
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PRCCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 34
oe ‘793 betulella
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 282.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 35
94. atrostrigella
\aat
Le SAT EIK
é y 4" oo ‘7 AY. ¢
1\ fs, FESO A
BT Ao, gl COA be»
) s a Ay z
¢ so 7)
‘ , 3
aes
aa
196. arternsiella
197 dracunculi
NORTH AMERICAN OECCPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 282
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 36
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 282.
EE —EE———ooooooee ee ee
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL.90) (PLATE 37
Jzo2leptotadiac
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORI!IDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 283
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS,
205 cinercocostella.
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 283.
VOL. 90 PLATE 38
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 39
207 carariella
206
obscuromaculella
2/2 albastrigulella
2/6 formosella
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 283.
U.S. NATICNAL MUSEUM PRCCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 40
ao
ky
0)
“
hy
J
fi
t
’
ii
se
ww
sy ‘4 i /
Ay
mr
4h
‘
\ \
Kh
1g 23>
220 absaletella a nella
, Sy
»,
Z/9CQlYAE
223 auUrorella
229 dlmorohella
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 283-284.
Z23/NiValls.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL.90 PLATE 41
232 umbraticostella
230 SCLAAQDA 2ezrsonacraloeae §=6238 sordidella tmracerngracella
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 28}.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 42
|244
\CAJONENSIS
240 /hyoerella
247 GEUACUA
|
Wa
Se
24) OF@GONENSIS.
24 7a
248 Tulva
246 A/CUEUIG
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 284-285.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 43
250 scabella
252 atrodorsella
251 pleleac
253 pulvipennella
249 epoatorilella
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 285.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 44
256 palliddla
259 robinella
200 lecantella
254 walsinghancua
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 285.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 45
202 CANQUCNSS
205 Mgrmotella
203 Senicionella
26/ COSUUINACULA
204 artermartéulla
207 Haucomelula
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 285
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 46
269 QM5SCHA
270 sabulella
268. latipalpella
272 amyrisella 273 Costosa
YH 274 posticella
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 286
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PRCCEEDINGS, VOL.90 PLATE 47
re eA
Lee
278 artemsiella
279 @l€anor ag
Le
)
275-maculatella 276 betulella
4g
276.
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 286
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
ee
oy 4
28/ cinereocostella
285 dracuncull
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 48
ee
286 whitmant
285 YakKImae
284 palousella 289 leptotacnae
NORTH AMERICAN OECOPHORIDAE
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 286
INDEX TO GENERA, SPECIES, AND LOCALITIES
(Principal references are printed in boldface; synonyms in italics)
abalienella (Walker), 199.
acertella (Busck), 35, 270. /
Agonopterix Hiibner, 383, 36, 38, 39, 40,
Agonopterix gelidella (Busck), 45, 46,
49, 53, 55, 58, 60, 66.
gilvella (Hiibner), 43.
41, 42, 43, 46 (keys), 86, 125, 146,
147, 148, 149, 150, 164, 197, 199, 204,
259.
amissella (Busck), 48, 50, 52, 117.
amyrisella (Busck), 48, 51, 124.
antennariella (new species), 47, 51,
HZ LOS:
applana (Fabricius), 68, 69, 70.
arcuella (new species), 45, 46, 49,
58, 58, 60, 62.
arenella (Schiffermtiller), 48, 80,
81.
argillacea (Walsingham), 34, 45, 47,
50, 52, 82, 98, 100, 101, 103.
arnicella (Walsingham), 45, 47, 49,
90
assimiliella (Treitschke), 438.
atomella (Schiffermiiller), 48.
atrodorsella (Clemens), 45, 46, 50,
51, 70.
blacella Barnes and Busck, 45, 99,
100, 101.
blackmori Busck, 45, 114, 116.
cajonensis (new species), 48, 50, 53,
callosella Barnes and Busck, 45, 111,
2 ts
canadensis (Busck), 48, 52, 104.
ciliella (Walsingham), 83, 86.
clarkei Keifer, 45, 48, 50, 51, 66.
clemensella (Chambers), 47, 50, 52,
68.
conterminella (Zeller), 56.
costimacula (new species), 48, 49,
52.102.
costosa (Haworth), 45, 46, 49, 52,
1183.
curvilineella (Beutenmiiller), 46,
49, 538, 62.
depunctella (Hiibner), 114.
dimorphella (new species), 46, 50,
51, 94, 97.
dryadorena (Meyrick), 45, 114, 116.
echinopanicis (new race), 47, 86.
endryopa (Meyrick), 39.
eupatoriiella (Chambers), 45, 46,
50, 51, 74, 108.
fernaldella (Walsingham), 78.
flavicomella (Engel), 46, 49, 52,
105.
fulva (Walsingham), 44, 45, 47, 48,
OS
fusciterminella (new species), 47,
51, 53, 80, 90.
hilarella (Zeller), 92.
hyperella Ely, 45, 46, 49, 51, 56, 57,
58, 59, 60, 62.
hypericella (Hiibner), 43, 57, 58.
latipalpella Barnes and Busck, 45,
46, 50, 52, 118.
lecontella (Clemens), 47, 94, 97, 98,
lythrella (Walsingham), 45, 46, 49,
, 09.
muricolorella (Busck), 48, 50, 53,
64.
murmurans (Meyrick), 39.
nebulosa (Zeller), 48, 49, 52, 75,
110.
nigrinotella (Busck), 48, 50, 52,
LOD 102> 103:
rapes (Walsingham), 48, 50,
nubiferella (Walsingham), 45, 46,
49, 60.
ocellana (Fabricius), 43.
oregonensis (new species), 47, 50,
58, 56, 65.
pallidella (Busck), 45, 47, 50, 53,
82, 88.
pergandeella (Busck), 48, 49, 116.
plummerella Busck, 45, 74, 75, 76.
Dee (Walsingham), 46, 49, 51,
psoraliella (Walsingham), 44, 47,
49, 52, 121.
pteleae Barnes and Busck, 45, 46,
50, 51, 72.
pulvipennella (Clemens), 45, 47, 50,
bla, 7G.
robiniella (Packard), 46, 51, 92, 96,
97, 98.
rosaciliella (Busck), 47, 50, 53, 83.
sabulella (Walsingham), 45, 46, 49,
52. i:
Sanguinella (Busck), 48, 50, 123.
seabella (Zeller), 45, 46, 51, 72, 75.
senicionella (Busck), 48, 50, 52,
107.
serrae Clarke, 45, 88, 90.
solidaginis (Walsingham), 76.
terinella Barnes and Busck, 45, 88,
90.
testifica (Meyrick), 45, 56, 57.
thelmae (new species), 47, 51, 96.
walsinghamella (Busck), 47, 50, 53,
78
yeatiana, 80.
il
Alaska, 156, 267.
albapalpella (Chambers), 271.
albastrigulella (Kearfott), 231.
Alberta, 54, 56, 180, 145, 156, 158, 161,
181, 185, 250, 253, 254.
alienella Busck, 165, 167, 168, 180, 182.
allenella (Walsingham), 146, 147, 150.
alstroemeriana (Clerck), 1380.
amissella (Busck), 48, 50, 52, 117.
amplicincta (Braun), 247, 250, 251.
amyrisella (Busck), 48, 51, 124.
Anchonoma Meyrick, 228, 229.
Anesychia Stephens, 217, 218.
angustati (new species), 164, 165, 166,
167, 168, 184, 186, 189, 191.
Anoncia (new genus), 35, 268.
conia (Walsingham), 268, 269.
diveni (Heinrich), 269.
episcia (Walsingham), 269.
fasciata (Walsingham), 269.
marinensis (Keifer), 269.
orites (Walsingham), 269.
sphacelina (Keifer), 269.
antarctica Staudinger, 266, 267.
antennariella (new species), 47, 51, 52,
108.
Antequera (new genus), 35, 270.
acertella (Busck), 35, 270.
antidectis (Meyrick), 247, 270.
Apachea (new genus), 36, 40, 42, 44,
197.
barberella (Busck), 197, 198.
applana (Fabricius), 68, 69, 70.
arcuella (new species), 45, 46, 49, 53, 58,
60, 62.
arenella (Schiffermtiller), 48.
arenella (Walsingham), 80, 81.
argenticinctella (Clemens), 247, 254,
PASS PTE
argillacea (Walsingham), 34, 45, 47, 50,
52, 82, 98, 100, 101, 103.
Arizona, 84, 54, 121, 124, 131, 137, 175,
198, 203, 204, 220, 222, 225, 227, 228,
232, 243, 249.
arnicella (Walsingham), 45, 47, 49, 90.
artemisiella McDunnough, 165, 166, 167,
168, 181.
ascriptella (Busck), 36, 239, 240.
/ssimiliella (Treitschke), 43.
astigmatica Meyrick, 39.
Atheropla Meyrick, 271.
atomella (Schiffermiiller), 43.
nae (Clemens), 45, 46, 50, 51,
atropicta (Zeller), 223, 224.
ae (new species), 164, 166,
aurorella Dyar, 150, 151, 160, 162, 163.
avellanella (Hiibner), 149.
barberella (Buseck), 197, 198.
bassettella (Clemens), 2'73.
betulella Busck, 165, 166, 167, 191, 195.
betulinella (Htibner), 266, 267.
Bibarrambla (new genus), 36, 40, 41, 43,
146, 150.
ae pe (Walsingham), 146, 147,
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
[vou. 90
bicostella (Clerck) , 230.
blacella Barnes and Busck, 45, 99, 100,
101.
blackmori Busck, 45, 114, 116.
Blastobasidae, 35, 36, 218, 272.
Blepharocera Chambers, 252.
boreasella (Chambers), 242.
Borkhausenia Hiibner, 35, 36, 2389, 240,
252, 258, 259.
aciculata Meyrick, 39.
minutella (Linnaeus), 259.
stipella (L.), 259.
borkhausenii (Zeller), 241, 242, 248.
bractella, 36.
brevivitella Walker, 231.
braunae (new species), 150, 151, 159.
British Columbia, 34, 54, 56, 62, 66, 81,
84, 86, 89, 90, 100, 106, 109, 112, 116,
130, 132, 1383, 143, 145, 154, 156, 157,
163, 171, 176, 181, 182, 236, 243, 250,
253, 254, 262, 268, 278.
cajonensis (new species), 48, 50, 53, 82.
California, 34, 61, 67, 81, 82, 83, 88, 89,
G1 100) Mats 1202 2 eo eats
134, 1386, 137, 181, 221, 282, 248, 249,
262, 267, 270.
Callima Clemens, 254, 255.
callosella Barnes and Busck, 45, 111,
tet ats:
canadensis (Buseck), 48, 52, 104.
eanariella (Busck), 218, 219, 220, 222.
ene (Busck), 45, 125, 126, 127, 128,
40.
cancella (Hiibner), 235.
cancrella (Hiibner), 285.
Carcina Htibner, 34, 35, 39, 41, 42, 199,
233.
cancella (Hiibner), 235.
cancrella (Hiibner), 235.
fagana (Schiffermiiller), 235.
faganella (Treitschke), 235.
quereana (Fabricius), 34, 233, 234.
earitella Buseck, 272.
Carolana (new genus), 386, 40, 41, 42,
239.
ascriptella (Busck), 36, 239, 240.
caryae (new species), 34, 205, 206, 207,
215.
Chambersia Riley, 36, 40, 41, 42, 252.
haydenella (Chambers), 36, 252,
2538.
Chrysia Millére, 247.
ciliella (Busck), 218, 219, 220, 227.
ciliella (Walsingham), 88, 86.
cinerea (Meyrick), 281.
ee oe Clemens, 34, 165, 167, 168,
eke
ciniflonella (Zeller), 142, 144, 146.
clausella Walker, 172.
clarkei Keifer, 45, 48, 50, 51, 66.
clemensella (Chambers), 47, 50, 52, 68.
cogitata (Braun), 45, 128, 129, 180.
coloradella (Walsingham), 247.
Colorado, 34, 65, 89, 121, 131, 134, 178,
198, 249, 253, 254.
comstocki (Kuw.), 258.
INDEX
concolorella (Beutenmiiller), 218, 219,
220, 221, 228.
conia (Waisingham), 268, 269.
Connecticut, 69, 71, 77, 79, 96, 129, 195,
196, 230, 241, 245.
confertella (Walker), 200, 201.
conterminella (Zeller), 56.
contrariella (Walker), 223, 224,
corystopa Meyrick, 39.
Cosmopterygidae, 35, 247, 268, 269, 271.
costimacula (new species), 48, 49, 52,
102.
costosa (Haworth), 45, 46, 49, 52, 113.
cressonnella (Chambers), 212.
cretacea (Zeller), 218, 219, 220, 225.
Cryptolechia Zeller, 199, 200, 202, 206,
218, 219.
eryptolechiella (Chambers), 206, 210.
culcitella (Herrich-Schiffer), 134.
curvilineella (Beutenmiiller), 46, 49, 53,
62.
Dasycera Stephens, 236, 237.
Dasycerus Brongniart, 237.
Dasycerus Haworth, 237.
Decantha Busck, 39, 41, 42, 241.
boreasella (Chambers), 242.
borkhausenii (Zeller), 241, 242, 248.
Delaware, 215.
Depressaria Haworth, 33, 36, 38, 39, 40,
41, 48, 44, 86, 149, 150, 168, 165
(keys), 197.
alienella Busck, 165, 168, 180, 182.
angustati (new species), 164, 165,
166, 167, 168, 184, 186, 189, 191.
arenella (Walsingham), 80, 81.
artemisiella McDunnough, 165, 166,
167, 168, 181.
atrostrigella (new spcies), 164, 166,
168
betulella Busck, 165, 166, 167, 191,
195.
cinereocostella Clemens, 34, 165, 167,
168, 171.
clausella Walker, 172.
corystopa Meyrick, 39.
dracunculi Clarke, 164, 166, 168,
9.
eleanorae (new species), 165, 167,
168, 178.
emeritella Walsingham, 180, 181.
grotelia Robinson, 165, 166, 167, 168,
192, 195, 196.
heracleella (Zetterstedt), 174.
heraclei (Retzius), 174, 175.
heracliana (Linnaeus), 34, 163, 164,
165, 167, 168, 178.
juliella Busck, 164, 165, 167,
176, 179.
leptotaeniae Clarke, 38, 164, 166,
167, 168, 182, 184, 185, 186.
maculatella Busck, 165, 166, 167,
168, 1938, 194, 196.
multifidae Clarke, 38, 164, 165, 166,
167, 168, 186, 187, 189, 190.
nervosa Haworth, 165, 178.
nymphidia Meyrick, 39.
ontariella Bethune, 174, 175.
286614—41——_17
168,
it
Depressaria palousella (new species),
164, 166, 168, 171.
pastiz nacella (Duponchel), 174, 175.
symmnochlota Meyrick, 192.
togata Walsingham, 165, 190.
umbellana (Fabricius), 174, 175.
whitmani (new species), 167, 168,
182, 189.
yakimae (new species), 38, 166,
167, 168, 171, 185.
depunctella (Hiibner), 114.
Dermestes, 175.
determinatella (Zeller), 270.
diligenda (Meyrick), 203, 204.
eG (Walsingham), 247, 248, 249,
50.
dimorphella (new species), 46, 50, 51,
94, 97.
District of Columbia, 34, 63, 69, 71, 77,
108, 148, 173, 196, 201, 208, 210, 213,
224, 238, 241, 243.
diveni (Heinrich), 269.
dracunculi Clarke, 164, 166, 168, 169.
dryadozena (Meyrick), 45, 114, 116.
Drosophila Holmquist, 185.
dubitatella (Zeller), 206, 211.
echinopanicis (new race), 47, 86.
edithella (Busck), 247, 248, 250.
Eido Chambers, 271.
eleanorae (new species), 165, 167, 168,
178.
emeritella Walsingham, 180, 181.
Endrosis Hiibner, 34, 35, 36, 87, 40, 41,
42, 259, 262.
antarctica Staudinger, 266, 267.
betulinella (Hiibner), 266, 267.
fenestrelia Stainton, 266, 267.
kennicotella (Clemens), 266, 267.
kennikotella Caradja, 266.
ne (Schiffermiiller), 34, 263.
64
sarcitella (Stephens), 266, 267.
subditella (Walker), 266, 267.
endryopa (Meyrick), 39.
Epeleustia Hiibner, 43.
Hpicallima Dyar, 40, 41, 42, 247, 254,
255 (keys).
argenticinctella
254, 255, 257.
fiammella (Duponchel), 257, 258.
formosella (Schiffermiiller), 247,
255.25
Epigraphia Stephens, 149.
episcia (W ei nghen) 269.
eruditella (Grote), 152.
Esperia Hiibner, 287.
Ethmia Hiibner, 247.
Ethmiidae, 35, 36, 271.
Euclemensia Grote, 273.
bassettella (Clemens), 273.
Humeyrickia Buseck, 35, $'71.
trimaculella (Fitch), 871.
eupatoriiella (Chambers), 45, 46, 50, 51,
74, 103.
Eupleuris Hiibner, 230,
(Clemens), 247,
IV PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
Fabiola Busck, 36, 40, 41, 42, 242, 244,
246.
shaleriella (Chambers), 244.
tecta Braun, 246.
fagana (Schiffermiiller), 235.
faganella (Treitschke), 235.
faginella (Chambers), 34, 38, 204, 205,
206, 207, 2138, 216.
fasciata (Walsingham), 269.
fenestrella Stainton, 266, 267.
fernaldella (Chambers), 200, 201.
fernaldella (Walsingham), 78.
ferruginosa (Zeller), 205, 214, 215.
flammella (Duponchel), 257, 258.
flavicomella (Engel), 46, 49, 52, 105.
fletcherella Gibson, 205, 206, 207, 216.
Florida, 118, 125, 215, 224.
forficella Htibner, 230.
formosella (Schiffermiiller), 247, 255,
257.
fulva (Walsingham), 44, 45, 47, 48, 51,
53
fusciterminella (new species), 47, 51, 53,
, 90.
Garrha Walker, 199.
gelidella (Busck), 45, 46, 49, 53, 55, 58,
60, 66.
Georgia, 224.
Gerdana Busck, 35, 272.
cearitella Busck, 272.
gilvella (Hiibner), 48.
gracilis (Walsingham), 126, 127, 133,
135.
grandis Desvignes, 247.
grotella Robinson, 165, 166, 167, 168,
192, 195, 196.
Haemylis Treitschke, 48.
Hagno Chambers, 204.
Hamadryas Clemens, 278.
haydenella (Chambers), 36, 252, 253.
Heliodinidae, 273.
heracileella (Zetterstedt), 174.
heractei (Retzius), 174, 175.
heracliana (Linnaeus), 34, 168, 164, 165,
167, 168, 173.
hilaretla (Zeller), 92.
hildaella (new species), 126, 127, 140.
Himmacia (new genus), 36, 40, 42, 202.
diligenda Meyrick, 2038, 204.
huachucella (Busck), 202, 2038.
Hofmannophila Spuler. 34, 36, 37, 40,
41, 42, 197, 258, 264.
pseudospretella (Stainton), 34, 36,
259.
Holoscolia Zeller, 230.
honorella Hiibner, 230.
Hoplitica Meyrick, 199.
Hoplomorpha Turner, 199.
huachucella (Buseck), 202, 208.
humata (Meyrick), 219, 220.
Hypatopa Walsingham, 268.
hyperella Ely, 45, 46, 49, 51, 56, 57, 58,
59, 60, 62.
hypericella (Hiibner), 43, 57, 58.
Idaho, 61, 100, 112, 129, 158, 185, 187.
Illinois, 60, 69, 71, 73, 74, 75, 77, 98, 98,
ao 106, 156, 175, 208, 210, 213, 256,
ios
[voL. 90
Indiana, 175.
Inga Busck, 36, 40, 41, 42, 202, 206, 217,
219 (keys).
atropicta (Zeller), 228, 224.
canariella (Buseck), 218, 219, 220,
222.
ciliella (Busck), 218, 219, 220,
227.
concolorella (Beutenmiiller), 218,
219, 220, 221, 228.
contrariella (Walker), 223, 224.
ceretacea (Zeller), 218, 219, 220,
225
humata (Meyrick), 219, 220.
inscitella (Walker), 228, 224.
obscuromaculella (Chambers), 218,
219, 220, 226.
sparsiciliella (Clemens), 217, 218,
219, 220, 222, 226.
trigama (Meyrick), 219, 224.
inornata Walsingham, 150, 151, 155.
inscitella (Walker), 223, 224.
Iowa, 184, 178, 201, 256.
juliella Buseck, 164, 165, 167, 168, 176,
179.
Kallima Westwood, 254, 255
Kansas, 225.
kennicottella (Clemens), 266, 267.
kennikotella Caradja, 266.
Kentucky, 75, 210, 245, 246, 251, 256.
klamathiana (Walsingham), 105, 126,
127, 142, 144, 146.
lactella (Schiffermiiller), 34, 263, 264.
latipalpela Barnes and Busck, 45, 46,
50, 52, 118.
latipennis (Walsingham), 228, 229.
lecontella (Clemens), 47, 94, 97, 98.
Lepidozancla Turner, 200.
leptotaeniae Clarke, 38, 164, 166, 167,
168, 182, 184, 185, 186.
Louisiana, 77, 215, 216.
lucidella (Busck), 247, 248, 251.
jy ale (Walsingham), 45, 46, 49, 58,
9.
Machimia Clemens, 34, 36, 40, 42, 198,
201, 202, 219, 233.
confertella (Walker), 200, 201.
fernaldella (Chambers), 200, 201.
tentoriferella Clemens, 34, 199, 200.
Macrobathra Meyrick, 271.
maculatella Buseck, 165, 166, 167,
198, 194, 196.
Maine, 59, 77, 79, 98, 97, 111, 148,
10s 156,°157, 181,-193, 201; 213,
(2.
Manitoba, 56, 63, 78, 104, 106, 130, 145,
153, 154, 156, 161, 169, 173, 181, 193,
262.
marinensis (Keifer), 269.
Martyrhilda, 34, 36, 39, 41, 42, 45, 125,
126 (keys).
alstroemeriana (Clerek), 1380.
canella (Busck), 45, 125, 126, 127,
128, 140.
cinifionella (Zeller), 142, 144, 146.
cogitata (Braun), 45, 128, 129, 130.
culcitella (Herrich-Schiffer), 134.
168,
153,
215,
|
|
h
i
INDEX Vv
Martyrhilda gracilis (Walsingham),
126, 126 ¥3S3 35.
hildaella (new species), 126, 127,
140.
klamathiana (Walsingham), 105,
126, 127, 142, 144, 146.
nivalis (Braun), 45, 126, 127, 189.
sciadopa (Meyrick), 45, 105, 126,
127, 144.
sordidella (new species), 126, 127,
132, 140.
sphaeralceae (new species), 34, 125,
12ST, Lasse
thoracefasciella (Chambers), 126,
126 L368
thoracenigraeella (Chambers), 126,
127, 135.
umbraticostella (Walsingham), 125,
126, 127, 180.
Martyringa Busck, 36, 40, 41, 42, 228.
latipennis (Walsingham), 228, 229.
Maryland, 57, 638, 69, 75, 77, 93, 96, 103,
108, 148, 153, 201, 208, 210, 218, 224,
230, 238, 241, 245, 256.
Massachusetts, 71, 77, 79, 93, 96, 97, 111,
158, 176, 181, 201, 210, 218, 243, 245,
258.
Mathildana (new genus), 35, 36, 40, 41,
42, 236.
newmanella 361200;
237.
mcdunnoughi (new species), 150, 151,
162.
megamicrella Dyar, 150, 151, 157, 160.
melichlora Meyrick, 271.
merriccella Dyar, 150, 151, 152, 158.
Michigan, 153, 201.
Minnesota, 250.
minutella (Linnaeus), 259.
Mississippi, 224.
Missouri, 77, 173, 210.
Montana, 84, 140, 143, 250, 254, 272.
multifidae Clarke, 38, 164, 165, 166, 167,
168, 186, 187, 189, 190.
muricoloreila (Busck), 48, 50, 58, 64.
murmurans (Meyrick), 39.
Nebraska, 117.
nebulosa (Zeller), 48, 49, 52, 75, 110.
nervosa Haworth, 165, 178.
Nevada, 221, 262, 268.
New Brunswick, 54, 59, 100, 181.
New Hamshire, 69, 71, 77, 79, 93, 111,
129, 145, 148, 154, 178, 201, 218, 215,
238, 241, 251, 256.
New Jersey, 68, 71, 77, 106, 148, 153, 156,
176, 196, 201, 208, 210, 213, 238, 241,
256, 258.
newmanella (Clemens), 86, 236, 2377.
New Mexico, 131, 177, 178, 198, 228.
New York, 63, 69, 71, 77, 79, 93, 96, 111,
129, 145, 148, 158, 154, 156, 158, 161,
176, 181, 193, 195, 202, 208, 213, 224,
230, 288, 241, 246, 256, 258, 268.
New Zealand, 34, 267.
nigrinotella (Busck), 48, 50, 52, 101, 102,
108.
(Clemens),
nivalis (Braun), 45, 126, 127, 139.
North Carolina, 59, 60, 94, 224, 225, 230,
238.
Northwest Territories, 141.
Nova Scotia, 59, 78, 80, 94, 148, 173,
181,
novi-mundi (Walsingham), 48, 50,
nubiferella (Walsingham), 45, 46,
60
176,
87.
49,
nymphidia Meyrick, 39.
obscuromaculella (Chambers), 218, 219,
220, 226.
obsoletella (Zeller), 205, 206, 207, 208,
209, 211.
ocellana (Fabricius), 48.
Oecophora Latreille, 35, 36, 237.
Oecophoridae, 33, 35, 36, 271, 272.
Oecogonia Stainton, 228.
Ohio; 72, 75, 77, 94, 102, 103, 153, 160,
195, 202, 208, 209, 210, 215, 239, 251,
256.
ontariella Bethune, 174, 175.
Ontario, 54, 56, 59, 63, 69, 72, 78, 80, 94,
9%, 100) 1025. 103 106; 116, 143, 145,
148, 156, 161, 173, 176, 179, 181, 198,
195, 196, 202, 208, 217, 239, 246, 273.
Oregon, 61, 66, 84, 88, 100, 121, 181, 143,
176, 181, 250, 262, 268.
oregonensis (new species), 47, 50, 53, 56,
65
orites (Walsingham), 269.
packardella (Clemens), 150, 151, 155.
pallidella (Busck), 45, 47, 50, 53, 82, 88.
palousella (new species), 164, 166, 168,
171.
Pancalia Stephens, 247.
Paratheta Meyrick, 39.
astigmatica Meyrick, 39.
pastinacella (Duponchel), 174, 175.
Pennsylvania, 68, 69, 71, 75, 77, 79, 94,
95, 96, 100, 106, 148, 153, 154, 156, 158,
161, 173, 176, 198, 195, 196, 202, 208,
210, 218, 224, 230, 289, 241, 246, 251,
252, 256, 262.
pergandeella (Busck), 48, 49, 116.
pergandeella Busck (Triclonella), 270.
Phibalocera Stephens, 233.
Phryganeutis Meyrick, 231.
Pinaris Hiibner, 43.
Pleurota Hiibner, 36; 39, 41, 42, 230.
albastrigulella (Kearfott), 231.
plummerella Busck, 45, 74, 75, 76.
posticella (Walsingham), 46, 49, 51, 119.
Protasis Herrich-Schiiffer, 231.
Pseudocoeccus Westwood, 258.
comstocki (Kuw.), 258.
pseudospretella (Stainton), 34, 36, 259.
Psilocorsis Clemens, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40, 42,
202, 204, 206 (keys).
caryae (new species), 34, 205, 206,
207, 215.
cressonella (Chambers), 212.
cryptolechiella (Chambers),
210.
dubitatella (Zeller), 206, 211.
faginella (Chambers), 34, 38, 204,
205, 206, 207, 213, 216.
206,
VI
Psilocorsis ferruginosa (Zeller), 205,
214, 215.
fletcherella Gibson, 205, 206, 207,
216.
obsoletella (Zeller), 205, 206, 207,
208, 209, 211.
quercicella Clemens, 204, 205, 206,
207, 209, 210, 211.
reflexella Clemens, 38, 206, 207, 212.
psoraliella (Walsingham), 44, 47, 49,
52, 121.
pteleae Barnes and Busck, 45, 46, 50, 51,
72.
pulvipennella (Clemens), 45, 47, 50, 51,
punctella (Costa), 281.
quadrimaculella (Chambers), 247, 248.
Quebec, 72, 78, 80, 97, 180, 145, 148, 158,
156, 158, 176, 181, 198, 196, 217, 289.
quercana (Fabricius), 34, 238, 234.
quercicella Clemens, 204, 205, 206, 207,
209, 210, 211.
reflexella Clemens, 38, 206, 207, 212.
Rhode Isiand, 176, 202.
robiniella (Packard), 46, 51, 92, 96, 97,
98.
rosaciliella (Busck), 47, 50, 58, 83.
rostrigera (Meyrick), 247.
a es (Walsingham), 45, 46, 49, 52,
11.
sanguinella (Busck), 48, 50, 128.
Santuzza Heinrich, 228.
sarcitella (Stephens), 266, 267.
Saskatchewan, 56, 84, 106.
seabella (Zeller), 45, 46, 51, 72, 75.
schaefferella (Linnaeus), 247.
Schiffermtilleria Hiibner, 40, 41, 42, 244,
246, 247, 248 (keys).
amplicincita (Braun), 247, 250, 251.
dimidiella (Walsingham), 247, 248,
249, 250.
edithella (Busck), 247, 248, 250.
lucidella (Busck), 247, 248, 251.
que ieee (Chambers), 247,
podons (Meyrick), 45, 105, 126, 127,
Semioscopis Hiibner, 35, 36, 38, 40, 41,
43, 148, 149, 150 (keys).
meee Dyar, 150, 151, 160, 162,
braunae (new species), 150, 151,
159.
eruditella (Grote), 152.
inornata Walsingham, 150, 151,
155.
medunnoughi
151, 162.
me RINSE Dyar, 150, 151, 157,
merriccella Dyar, 150, 151, 152, 153.
pea (Clemens), 150, 151,
(new species), 150,
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
[von 90
Semioscopis steinkellneriana (Schiffer-
miiller), 149, 152, 153.
strigulana (Fabricius), 157.
senicionella (Busck), 48, 50, 52, 107.
serrae Clarke, 45, 88, 90.
shaleriella (Chambers), 244.
Siganorosis Wallengren, 164.
sincerella (Walker), 199.
solidaginis (Walsingham), 76.
sordidella (new species), 126, 127, 132,
140.
South Dakota, 134.
sparsiciliella (Clemens), 217, 218, 219,
220, 222, 226.
sphacelina (Keifer), 269.
sphaeralceae (new species), 34, 125, 127,
137, 138.
steinkelineriana (Schiffermtiller), 149,
ils2, isp
stipella (Linnaeus), 259.
strigulana (Fabricius), 157.
subditella (Walker), 266, 267.
sulphurella (Fabricius), 237.
symmochlota Meyrick, 192.
tecta Braun, 246.
tentoriferella Clemens, 199, 200.
terinella Barnes and Busck, 45, 88, 90.
testifica (Meyrick), 45, 56, 57.
Texas, 119, 134, 203, 204, 210, 216, 224,
225, 226, 227.
thelmae (new species), 47, 51, 96.
Thema Meyrick, 231.
thoracefasciella (Chambers), 126, 127,
136.
thoracenigraeella (Chambers), 126, 127,
135.
Tichonia Hiibner, 43.
togata Walsingham, 165, 190.
Triclonella Busck, 35, 247, 269.
antidectis (Meyrick), 247, 270.
determinatella (Zeller), 270.
pergandeella Busck, 270.
trigama (Meyrick), 219, 224.
trimaculella (Fiteh), 271.
umbellana (Fabricius), 174, 175.
umbraticostella (Walsingham), 125, 126,
127, 1380.
Utah, 89, 131, 176, 178, 185, 250.
Vermont, 69, 71, 215, 239.
Virginia, 57, 77, 108, 148, 202, 208, 210,
216, 224, 238, 239, 246, 251.
walsinghamella (Busck), 47, 50, 53, '78.
Washington, 61, 65, 66, 84, 86, 89, 90, 91,
100, 109, 116, 122, 129, 181, 139, 140, 148,
162, 170, 171, 176, 178, 188, 184, 185,
186, 187, 190, 236, 250, 262, 268.
whitmani (new species), 167, 168, 182,
189.
Wisconsin, 69, 71, 77, 79.
Wyoming, 140.
yakimae (new species), 38, 166, 167, 168,
Ae Sh:
yeatiana, 80.
zatrephes (Turner), 200.
INDEX TO FOOD PLANTS
alatum Pursh (Lythrum), 60.
Alnus (Tourn.) Hill, 148.
americana Walt. (Corylus), 193.
americanum Mill. (Xanthoxylum), 102.
Amorpha L., 98.
fruticosa L., 98.
Ampyris P. Br., 125.
floridana Nutt., 125.
Angelica L., 175.
angustatum Coult. and Rose (ZLoma-
tium), 190.
angustifolia (Vahl.) (Arnica), 91.
Antennaria Gaertn., 109, 129.
luzuloides T. and G., 109, 129.
Apple, 148, 201, 236.
Arnica L., 91.
angustifolia (Vahl.), 91.
Artemisia L., 67, 170, 181, 182.
dracunculoides Pursh, 170.
vulgaris L., 67.
asplenifolia L. (Myrica), 71, 72, 79.
aureus L. (Senecio), 108.
Balsamorhiza Hook., 151, 132.
sagittata (Pursh) Nutt., 181, 1382.
Baptisia Vent., 95.
tinctoria R. Brown, 95.
Beech, 34.
Betula (Tourn.) L., 196.
Bidens L., 71.
frondosa L., 71.
Birch, 148.
brevipes (Coult. and Rose) Suksdorf
(Osmorhiza), 84.
earolinensis Mill. (Myrica), 79.
Carum L., 173.
carvi L., 173.
Carya Nutt., 34, 102, 216.
ovata (Mill.) Koch., 34, 216.
pecan Aschers. and Graebn., 34, 216.
Castanea (Tourn.) Hill, 34, 216.
dentata (Marsh) Borkh., 201.
Cephalanthus L., 201.
occidentalis L., 201.
Cereals, 34, 262.
Cicuta L., 177.
occidentalis Greene, 177.
Cherry, 201.
Chestnut, 209.
Coreopsis L., 72.
Carylus (Tourn.) L., 193.
americana Walt., 198.
Cotoneaster Rupp., 236.
pyracantha (L.), 236.
Cynoglossum (Tourn.) L., 81.
grande Dougl. ex Lehm., 81.
Cystisus L., 115.
scoparius (L.) Link., 115.
Dahlia, 34.
Dates, 262.
dentata (Marsh) Borkh.
201.
divaricata (Britt.) Nutt. (Osmorhiza),
84
(Castanea),
dracunculoides Pursh (Artemisia), 170.
Echinopanax Dene. and Planch., 84, 85.
horridum (Smith) Dene. and
Planch., 84, 86.
Hider, 256.
Elm, 201, 256.
Hrigeron L., 91.
Hriophyllum Lag., 112.
lanatum typicum Constance, 112,
at:
stachaedifolium Lag., 112, 113.
Hupatorium (Tourn.) L., 71, 72, 75.
Fagus (Tourn.) L., 34, 215.
grandifolia Ehrh., 34, 215.
Figs, 262.
floridana Nutt. (Amyris), 125.
frondosa L. (Bidens), 71.
fruticosa L. (Amorpha), 98.
Genista L., 115.
Gnaphalium L., 129.
erange Dougl. ex Lehm. (Cynoglossum).
grandifolia Ehrh. (Fagus), 34, 215.
grayi Coult. and Rose (Lomatium), 65,
187, 188.
Hazel, 201.
Helianthus L., 181, 132.
pumilis Nutt., 131, 132.
Heracieum L., 105.
Hickory, 34, 201, 256.
Holly, 210.
Hoptree, 73.
horridum (Smith) Dene. and Planch.
(Echinopanax) 84, 86.
Hypericum (Tourn.) L., 61.
perforatum L., 61.
prolificum L., 57.
virginicum L., 59.
Juglans L., 34.
Laburnum L., 115.
Larch, 256.
Leptotaenia Nutt., 184, 188.
multifida Nutt., 184, 188.
salmoniflora Coult. and Rose, 184.
Ligusticum L., 173.
seoticum L., 173.
lineare Michx. (Sium), 34, 173.
Lomatium Raf., 65, 183, 186, 187, 188.
angustatum Coult. and Rose, 190.
grayi Coult. and Rose, 65, 187, 188.
macrocarpum (Hook. and Arn.)
Coult. and Rose, 183.
Vit
Vill
luzuloides T. and G. (Antennaria), 109,
129.
Lythrum L., 60.
alatum Pursh, 60.
macrocarpum (Hook. and Arn.) Coult.
and Rose (Lomatium), 183.
macrostachya DC. (Psoralea), 121, 122.
Malva (Tourn.) L., 187.
malveflora A. Gray (Sidalcea), 187.
multifida Nutt. (Leptotaenia), 184, 188.
munroana (Dougl.) Spach. (Sphaeral-
cea), 139.
Myrica L. 71, 72, 79.
asplenifolia L., 71, 72, 79.
carolinensis Mill., 79.
Oak, 34, 148, 201, 208, 209, 236.
occidentalis L. (Cephalanthus), 201.
occidentalis Greene (Cicuta), 177.
occidentalis Torr. (Osmorhiza), 84.
Osmorhiza Raf., 84, 85.
brevipes (Coult. and Rose) Suks-
dorf, 84.
divaricata (Britt.) Nutt., 84.
occidentalis Torr., 84.
Ostrya (Michx.) Scop., 196.
virginiana (Mill.) Koch., 196.
ovata (Mill.) Koch. (Carya), 34, 216.
Parsnip, 34, 69, 175, 176.
Pastinacea L., 175.
sativa L., 175.
pecan Aschers. and Graebn. (Carya),
34, 216.
perforatum L. (Hypericum), 61.
physodes Dougl. (Psoralea), 121, 122.
prolificum L. (Hypericum), 57.
Prunus L., 34, 198.
pseudoacacia L. (Robinia), 93, 94.
Psoralea L., 121, 122.
macrostachya DC., 121, 122.
physodes Dougl., 121, 122.
tenuiflora Pursh, 121.
Ptelea L., 73, 102, 108.
trifoliata L., 73, 102, 108.
pumilis Nutt. (Helianthus), 131, 132.
pyracantha L. (Cotoneaster), 236.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
[voL. 90
Quercus L., 34, 115, 116, 236.
Red currant, 109.
Robinia L., 93, 94.
pseudoacacia L., 98, 94.
sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,
hiza), 181, 182.
Salix (Tourn.) L., 34, 100.
salmonifiora Coult. and Rose (Leptota-
enia), 184.
Sanicula L., 98.
sativa L. (Pastinacea), 175.
seoparius L. (Link.), 115.
seoticum L. (Ligusticum), 178.
Senecio L., 89, 108.
aureus L., 108.
serra Hook., 89.
Sidalcea A. Gray, 137.
malveflora A. Gray, 137.
Sium (Tourn.) L., 34, 173.
lineare Michx., 34, 173.
Solidago L., 77, 78.
Sphaeralcea St. Hill, 139.
munroana (Dougl.) Spach., 139.
stachaedifolium Lag. (EHriophyllum),
112; 113.
Syringa L., 201.
vulgaris L., 201.
tenuifiora Pursh (Psoralea), 121.
tinetoria R. Brown (Baptisia), 95.
tremuloides Michx. (Populus), 217.
trifoliata L. (Ptelea), 73, 102, 103.
Tulip, 34.
typicum Constance (Hriophyllum), 112,
ialby
(Balsamor-
Umbelliferae, 33.
Urtica (Tourn.) L., 77.
virginiana (Mill.) Koch. (Ostrya), 196.
virginicum L. (Hypericum), 59.
vulgaris L. (Artemisia), 67.
vulgaris L. (Syringa), 201.
Witches’-broom, 272.
Xanthoxylum L., 102.
americanum Mill, 102.
Yarrow, 181.
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 90 Washington: 1941 No. 3108
SYNOPSIS OF THE TACHINID FLIES OF THE GENUS
TACHINOMYIA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES
By Ray T. WeBBER
Tue genus Zachinomyia was erected by Townsend (1892, p. 96)
for the reception of two new species, robusta and floridensis. He
designated the former as genotype. Coquillett (1897, p. 118) con-
sidered the genus a synonym of Zachina (=Evorista), as also did
Aldrich (1905, p. 469). According to Townsend (1908, p. 107), how-
ever, Tachinomyia “difters from Tachina im the vibrissae being in-
serted higher above oral margin, cheeks one-half eye height in width,
and abdomen very elongate.” Since these characters vary to some
extent, more important, perhaps, is the structure of the genitalia,
which, as pointed out by Curran (1926, p. 166), are entirely different
from those of Z'achina.
The writer wishes to acknowledge the assistance given him by the
late Dr. J. M. Aldrich, who prior to 1926 made a study of the
material at the United States National Museum and was prepared to
recognize Tachinomyta, with new species included, but did not pub-
lish because of the appearance of Dr. C. H. Curran’s paper (1926) ;
to Miss Daphne Aubertin, of the Department of Entomology, British
Museum, for the comparison of material with Walker’s types; and
to T. H. Jones for the use of material and notes of his making.
Appreciation is expressed also to David G. Hall for his suggestions
and advice. That which follows is the result of the writer’s study
of material at the United States National Museum, and at the
laboratory of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
United States Department of Agriculture, formerly maintained at
286601—41 287
288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOL. 90
Melrose Highlands, Mass., while it was under the direction of
C. W. Collins.
The characters employed by Curran, particularly those pertaining
to the genitalia and sternites, appear to be the most satisfactory ones
for the separation of the species. In order that they may be given
careful study the specimen must be relaxed and the genitalia exposed.
Unless this is done considerable doubt remains as to the formation of
the anal forceps and the lobes of the fifth sternite. In panaetius and
apicata the lobes are smooth distally, their inner edges ridgeless
except at base, where they unite in an abrupt, upwardly rounded
flange. While there is no basal flange in any of the other species,
except possibly floridensis, some of them have the distal portion of
each lobe furnished with a more or less conspicuous ridge along its
inner edge. It is not clearly understood how much importance
should be attached to this structure. Obviously it is subject to
considerable variation within the species, as shown in the case of
cana and acosta. However, in nearly all the specimens of variata
that have been seen the ridges are well developed and provide a good
character for identification. The form of the anal forceps is best
determined by the aid of a crosshatched eye-piece micrometer, which
will forestall any imaginary concept. An additional character is
found in the lengthened villosity of the inner surface of the hind
tibiae, and while applicable only in the case of panaetius, floridensis,
and apicata (fig. 17, g), 1t is of constant occurrence and readily
recognized.
The females are identified with difficulty. With a few exceptions
the species, even in the males, appear more or less similar, and fre-
quently their identity is doubtful. Since several of them occur simul-
taneously in the same region, association of sexes has but little value.
Little is Known regarding the biology of the species. 'Townsend
(1911, p. 141) tentatively placed Zachinomyia in his meigeniine
series, species that glue a flattened macrotype egg to the body of
the host. Several of the species have been occasionally bred from
lepidopterous larvae, but records of rearing are rare in comparison to
the field abundance of the flies, which are among the earliest. vernal
tachinids. Aldrich regarded 7. panaetius, sensu lato, as one of the
commonest North American species. In New England there is a
single generation, the species passing the winter as puparia.
The generic characters of Zachinomyia are as follows: Eyes bare,
although frequently thinly pilose in freshly emerged specimens;
facial ridges bristly on at least the lowest third, usually about two-
thirds way, but in no instance meeting the lowest frontals*; ocellar
1Allophorocera montana Smith (1917, p. 140), which Aldrich (1927, p. 21) believed
to be a Tachinomyia, can be excluded from the genus by this character as well as others.
THE GENUS TACHINOMYIA—WEBBER 289
bristles present, directed forward, no orbital bristles in male; antenna
reaching lowest fourth of face, third segment at apex, outwardly
truncate, inwardly rounded; second segment somewhat elongate, in
female sometimes more than one-half length of third; arista bare,
second segment short; frontal bristles extending below base of third
antennal joint; front without evenly paired reclinate bristles outside
of frontal row; no outer vertical bristle in male; parafacialia bare, at
narrowest part ranging from less than one-half to more than one-half
distance between vibrissae ; face moderately to strongly receding; pro-
boscis short, fleshy; cheeks usually broad, never less than one-fifth
eye height; vibrissae situated on or usually above oral margin; palpi
well-developed. Thorax with three or four dorsocentral and three
sternopleural bristles; pteropleural bristle normal; apical scutellar
bristles present; infrasquamal spinules absent. Abdomen black or
brownish in ground color, pollinose, decidedly elongated in male,
shorter and stouter in female; median marginal macrochaetae present
on all segments, second segment never with more than four macro-
chaetae; discal macrochaetae absent in all except dakotensis; no ven-
tral carina, male hypopygium prominent, anal forceps azygous; lobes
of tenth sternite broad at base, each terminating in a small fingerlike
process at each side of the hooklike anal forceps. Hind tibia irregu-
larly ciliate, middle tibia with two or more strong bristles on outer
front side, near middle; claws and pulvilli in male conspicuously long,
Wings long, with the usual tachinid venation; first posterior cell
open, ending considerably before apex of wing; bend of fourth vein
destitute of a distinct appendage but frequently with a faint fold;
last section of fifth vein less than one-half as long as the preceding;
veins bare except base of third.
KEY TO SPECIES OF TACHINOMYIA
MALES
bo
i. Abdomen: without. discal) macrochaetae.—- 2s) 27 ee
Abdomen with discal macrochaetae____________-__ dakotensis, new species
. Abdomen black; two reclinate upper frontal bristles______.__________ 3
Abdomen broadly red at sides, fourth segment wholly red except
at base; three reclinate upper frontal bristles; parafacialia
at narrowest less than one-half width of third antennal seg-
INET ts CH LOT Cay) pee see eee eS eee ee floridensis Townsend
. Hind tibiae inwardly with long villosity (fig. 17, g), the villi
often over twice the tibial width in length; lobes of fifth ster-
Hite Ab bases wit COnspicuousi Mane 2 aes Pike ee i he Ue a ae 4
Hind tibiae inwardly with short villosity, the villi scarcely the
tibial width in length; lobes of fifth sternite without basal
flange, their inner edges smooth or with a conspicuous elon-
SEDC CEM BTL Co etree yee ae ee ree a
bo
oo
1
290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 90
4.
bo
Each half of anal forceps (fig. 17, @) viewed in profile straight
on posterior edge for six-sevenths of its length, then gently
curving inwardly and abruptly tapering to terminus__ panaetius (Walker)
Each half of anal forceps (fig. 17, e) viewed in profile straight
on posterior edge for about one-half its length, then strongly
curved inwardly and tapering to a fine point______-_-_____ apicata Curran
. Frontalia at middle of front about equal to or narrower than
parafrontalia; hairs of cheeks predominantly pale; bristles of
facial ridges often weak and depressed ; face and front usually
\yahdaw ch flbeedaye ayelltanatssay (Gas ge eS 6
Frontalia at middle of front at least as wide as parafrontalia ;
hairs of cheeks predominantly black, comparatively long;
bristles of facial ridges strong and erect; face and front
silvery; a comparatively black, thinly gray-pollinose, western
SSG CL OS jo a ee ee similis (Williston)
| Second, genital’ S@ZmMent, OLAN LCCC ss eee eee 8
Second genital segment black, usually reddish below___-_-__--_-_-_-_- 7
. Viewed from the side the anal forceps (fig. 17, f) strongly
incurved, their posterior surfaces moderately to densely pilose
and-often obscured iniouline === == acosta, new species
Viewed from the side the anal forceps (fig. 17, 6) comparatively
straight, tapering abruptly to terminus, their posterior sur-
faces moderately pilose and distinct in outline____ nigricans, new species
. Parafacialia at narrowest part at least equal to if not wider
than one-half distance between vibrissae; second antennal
segment mostly reddish brown; lobes of fifth sternite usually
smooth or with inconspicuous ridges on their inner edges_ cana, new species
Parafacialia at narrowest part less than one-half distance
between vibrissae; second antennal segment mostly black;
lobes of fifth sternite usually with conspicuous ridges on
their inner’ ed@es.i)j 2a. 5 252 ba Fo oe eh ale Sa eee variata Curran
FEMALES
s-Abdomen: without discal) macrochaetaes= == eee 2
Abdomen with discal macrochaetae_____-___---_-~- dakotensis, new species
. Posterior border of fourth segment fringed with long bristles
Of unequallength= 22-2 3 ee ee eee 3
Posterior border of fourth segment fringed with closely set,
short bristles of nearly equal length; front wider than eye
and widening slowly to base of antennae______-_________ apicata Curran
. Frontalia at middle of front narrower than parafrontalia,
usually brownish; hairs of cheeks predominantly pale-___-_--__--~- 4
Frontalia at middle of front at least as wide as parafrontalia,
usually black; hairs of cheeks predominantly black, compara-
tively long; fourth abdominal segment black, mottled with
gray-pollinose areas; face and front silvery pollinose without
VellowiShiGastes WeSteRMl SCCle se mee a see a near een similis (Williston)
. Posterior preintraalar bristle well-developed; front widening
slowly to base of antennae; cheeks about one-third the eye
heighv;) usually four dorsocembiral sa ee eee ee ee eee 5
Posterior preintraalar bristle absent or vestigial; usually three
GOTSOCEN UL ATS LE TS UE ar eee 6
THE GENUS TACHINOMYIA—WEBBER 291
5. Front at vertex over one-third the head width; sides of front
with a few seattered pale hairs___________-_____--_ panaetius (Walker)
Front at vertex about or less than one-third the head width;
sides of front with many fine hairs__——__ species near panaetius (Walker)
6. Front at vertex less than one-third the head width, with parallel
margins; cheeks narrow, hardly one-fourth the eye height-. variata Curran
Front at vertex over one-third the head width and widening
slowly to base of antennae_______---_--___~_- species near variata Curran
TACHINOMYIA PANAETIUS (Walker)
FIGURE 17, @
Tachina panaetius Waker, List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the
collection of the British Museum, pt. 4, p. 767, 1849.
Tachina pansa WALKER, ibid., p. 787.
Tachina violenta WALKER, ibid., p. 788.
Tachina irrequieta WALKER, ibid., p. 789.
Tachinomyia robusta TOWNSEND, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p. 96, 1892.
Townsend (1936, p. 281) considers Z'achinomyza robusta a synonym
of Tachina panaetius Walker. In 1929 Aldrich (1931, p. 13) studied
Walker’s types at the British Museum and formed the same con-
clusions. The type of panaetius is a single female from Nova Scotia.
Since the females of robusta are not readily recognized from other
closely allied species, this synonymy may be questioned. Aldrich
also believed that Z'achina irrequieta Walker, 7. pansa Walker, and
T. violenta Walker were likewise synonymous with panaetius Walker.
The type of irrequieta is a female, and the same doubt exists as in
the case of panaetius. The types of pansa and violenta are males, and
although the genitalia have not been relaxed, it is believed that
Aldrich was correct in his synonymy. Furthermore, a cotype speci-
men of pansa is in the United States National Museum collection
and it is identical with robusta Townsend.
In an attempt to clear up this synonymy, specimens of the various
species, with a key for their separation, was sent to Miss Aubertin
at the British Museum. The results of this correspondence, while
not entirely satisfactory, were in effect that the preceding synonymy
was justified.
A cotype of Tachinomyia robusta Townsend, from Brookings, S.
Dak. (Aldrich), is in the United States National Museum collection.
It is a male and characterized as follows: Inner side of hind tibia with
long villi; lobes of fifth sternite with distinct basal flange; fourth
sternite convexly produced; second genital segment reddish black;
anal forceps as figured (fig. 17, a) ; fourth abdominal segment, black,
mottled with thin grayish pollen; four dorsocentrals; posterior prein-
traalar bristle present; second segment of antenna brownish, about
“The posterior preintraalar bristle equals the posterior sublateral bristle of Curran.
292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
one-half the length of third; parafacialia at narrowest part compared
with distance between vibrissae as 11.0 : 19.8 (average of six) ; cheeks
one-third or more of eye height.
Thirty-five other males, with the essential characters of the cotype,
show a slight variation. In all but two specimens, in which there were
three on one side, there were four dorsocentrals; the posterior preintra-
alar bristle was usually strong but sometimes only a hair. Twenty-
nine specimens had the second genital segment black, tinged with red
above and wholly red beneath. In the others it was either wholly red
or black above. Thirty-two flies had the second antennal segment
reddish or reddish brown and in three it was black, tinged with red.
Thirty-three had the facial ridges bristly for two-thirds their way and
in two on the lowest third. Length, 10-16 mm.
Female—Front at vertex 0.37 and 0.86 of the head width in
two specimens; parafrontalia lightly golden pollinose, sparsely be-
set with pale hairs; inner and outer verticals developed; orbitals
strong; frontals nine in number, strong; parafacialia silvery polli-
nose with slight golden cast, at narrowest part compared with dis-
tance between vibrissae as 9.5:18.5 (average of two); cheeks one-
third of eye height; second antennal segment mostly black, about one-
half length of third; thorax black, grayish pollinose with brownish
tinge above, pleurae more grayish; four dorsocentrals; posterior pre-
intraalar bristle present; abdomen black, intermediate segments
grayish pollinose with trace of brown, particularly at apices; last
segment wholly chalky white pollinose. Abdominal macrochaetae
as follows: One fly has a median pair on the basisegment; otherwise
the first and second segments each has one marginal pair; third with a
marginal row; fourth with a row of discal or submarginal ones
besides the marginal row of moderately long bristles of unequal
length.
Remarks.—Vhe foregoing description of the female of pancetius
is from two specimens captured én coztu at Melrose Highlands, Mass.,
in May 1934. Other descriptions of the female of Yachinomyia
panactius have been given by Townsend (1915, p. 103) and Curran
(1926, p. 169). |
Material eeamined—At the United States National Museum there
are 62 males from various localities in the United States and Canada
east of the Rocky Mountains. There do not appear to be any speci-
mens from the Southern or Southwestern States. Six males and
two females of the Melrose Highlands laboratory collection are from
Massachusetts and New Jersey localities.
Hosts——The writer has not seen any bred specimens that could
be positively identified as panaetius. There are, however, in the
THE GENUS TACHINOMYIA—WEBBER 293
Melrose Highlands collection,’ females of species near panaetius bred
by J. V. Schaffner, Jr., et al. from Graptolitha antennata Walker
G. M. L. 12161 T1); Orthosia hibisci Gueneé, form insciens Walker
(G. M. L. 12164 R14); Catocala sp. (G. M. L. 11707 M8) ; noctuid
(G. M. L. 11707 J8) ; Acronycta betulae Riley (G. M. L. 11707 M34).
TACHINOMYIA APICATA Curran
Figure 17, e, g, h
Tachinomyia apicata Curran, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, ser. 3, vol. 20, sect. 5,
p. 171, fig. 16, 1926.
The species is readily recognized by the form of the anal forceps
(fig. 17, ¢) and the conspicuous flange at the base of the fifth sternite
(fig. 17, h). To these characters may be added the following: Last
abdominal segment chalky, white pollinose with narrow apical border
of black, red, or reddish black; fourth sternite brownish, transversely
flattened, not turned upward; second genital segment orange-red,
rarely blackish; four dorsocentral bristles; posterior preintraalar bris-
tle usually present, sometimes weak or wanting; first two segments
of antenna, base of third, and apex of scutellum reddish; face and
front silvery. gray with yellowish cast of variable shades; para-
facialia at narrowest part compared with distance between vibrissae
as 10.8: 20.5 (average of six); cheeks one-third of eye height;
facial ridges bristly one-half to two-thirds way to antennae; frontals
varying from 7 to 10; palpi gradually thickened toward tip; orbital
hairs gray or yellowish gray. Length, 10-20 mm.
Female—Kssentially like male except more robust in form; last
abdominal segment wholly chalky white-pollinose, posterior border
fringed with closely set, short bristles of equal length; two pairs of
orbital bristles and a wider front.
Material ecamined.—Sixty-nine males and 50 females in the Melrose
Highlands laboratory collection taken during May and June from
localities in Massachusetts and New Jersey. Also 7 males and 15
females in the United States National Museum from Ottawa, Canada,
the District of Columbia, and the following States: New Hampshire,
Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Indiana, and Missouri.
Host.——Unknown.
TACHINOMYIA FLORIDENSIS Townsend
Tachinomyia floridensis TowNSEND, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p. 97, 1892.
The species was described from one specimen, a male, from Florida
(C. W. Johnson). Coquillett (1897, p. 82) included florrdensis as
’The Melrose Highlands collection of Tachinidae is now housed in the Forest Insect
Laboratory of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine at New Haven, Conn.
294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
a synonym of Masiphya brasiliana Brauer and Bergenstamm, which
species he placed in Biomyia. Aldrich (1925, pp. 108-109), however,
examined the type of floridensis and believed it to be “a distinct
species strictly congeneric with the genotype Z'achinomyia robusta
Townsend.”
The original description is brief and does not mention all the char-
acters necessary for identification. The type has not been seen, but
Aldrich’s description (unpublished notes) verbatim follows:
“Tachinomyia floridensis Townsend.
One large male type with label as follows:
Florida
26
Jhnsn.
“16 mm. long. Parafacial at narrowest less than half the third antennal
joint, or just about half (in robusta much more). Cheeks less than half the
eye height. Acrostichal 3.3; dorsocentral 3.4; humeral 3; posthumeral 2; pre-
sutural 1; notopleural 2; supraalar 3 (front one small) ; intraalar 3; postalar
2; scutellar 3 lateral, 1 slender decussate slightly upturned apical, 1 discal
(small) ; sternopleural 2.1; pteropleural small; postscutellum distinct.
“Abdomen largely red on sides, pollen not in perfect condition. First and
second segments with one pair marginal, third segment with a row of eight,
fourth segment with a stout row at last fourth and smaller on margin. First
genital segment hardly visible but red; second segment red, hairy, the forceps
darker, not spread; fourth sternite at edge with thin, upstanding, brownish
margin, entirely different from that in robusta, and the inflexed tergites all
with long hair, entirely different from robusta (I am comparing with type
of robusta) ; fifth sternite about as in robusta but reddish. Legs black, all the
tibiae villous on flexor side about as in robusta. A good species,
(Kansas University, June 4, 1924).
“J. M. Aldrich.”
Remarks.—The female of floridensis has been described by Town-
send (1915, p. 103), but the writer is unable to recognize the species
from the description given.
TACHINOMYIA SIMILIS (Williston)
FIGURE 17, c
Prospherysa similis WILIstTon, North Americ
Tachinomyia occidentalis CurRAN, Tr
sect. 5, p. 17U, fig. 17, 1926.
Coquillett (1897, p. 119) places stmédis Williston as a synonym of
robusta Townsend, but Aldrich (unpublished MS.) gave it specific
status. According to him, and as verified by the writer, Curran’s
occidentalis is a synonym.
an Fauna, No. 7, p. 256, 1893.
ans. Roy. Soc. Canada, ser. 8, vol. 20,
THE GENUS TACHINOMYIA—WEBBER | 295
The following brief description is from a cotype, Sonoma County,
Calif., now in the United States National Museum collection:
Male.—Front and face silvery gray pollinose without trace of yel-
low; fourth abdominal segment mostly black, mottled gray pollinose ;
ee nearly one-half of eye height, clothed with Seer earatively
long hairs which are predominantly black; hind tibia with short
villosity on inner side; frontalia wider than either parafrontal;
bristles of facial ridges strong, reaching two-thirds way to antennae;
lobes of fifth sternite reddish, without basal flange but with shght
ridges; apex of fourth sternite convexly produced: three dorsocen-
tral bristles; no posterior. preintraalar bristle; anal forceps (fig.
17, ¢) somewhat as in nigricans; second genital segment orange-red ;
second antennal segment black.
Forty-one other males in the United States National Museum col-
lection agree well with the cotype. There are usually three dorso-
central bristles although occasionally four are present; posterior pre-
intraalar bristle absent in all but two specimens, in which case it is
vestigial; facial ridges bristly two- thirds way to antennae, rarely
less; vibrissae well above oral margin; scutellum wholly black, fre-
quently with reddish apex; face and front silvery gray pollinose
without trace of yellow; usually three strong bristles on anterior
dorsal side of middle tibia.
Female.—Essentially like male except for the usual sexual
differences.
Variations.—T wenty-one males and 27 females bred by the ee
from Stilpnotia salicis Linnaeus, collected at Puyallup, Wash.,
1935, show the following variations: Three or four cerns
usually the latter, although very frequently the second from the
suture is either weak or hairlike. When three bristles are present
they are often irregularly spaced. Posterior preintraalar bristle
absent in 39 and vestigial in 9. Second genital segment of male
orange-red in all but two specimens, in which case it is obscurely so.
Abdomen wholly black, gray pollinose or frequently, in the male,
with sides of second segment reddish yellow; second antennal seg-
ment black. Face and front silvery gray pollinose in all specimens.
Length, 12-13 mm.
Material examined —About 90 specimens at the United States
National Museum from localities in California, Washington, Idaho,
Oregon, Colorado, and Arizona.
Hosts —Clisiocampa thoracia Stretch: Hemerocampa vetusta Bois-
duval; Stilpnotia salicis Linnaeus; Halisidota argentata Packard.
256601412
296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou, 90
Figure 17.—TacHINoMyYIA CHARACTERS
a-f, Lateral aspect of anal forceps of male genitalia: a, T. panaetius (Walker); b, T. nigri-
cans, new species; c, T. similis (Williston); d, T. variata Curran; ¢, T. apicata Curran;
f, T. acosta, new species.
g, Hind tibia of T. apicata viewed from behind.
A, 1, Apex of abdomen with drawn genitalia showing formation of fourth and fifth sternites
in lateroventral aspect: h, T. apicata; 1, T. vartata.
THE GENUS TACHINOMYIA—WEBBER 297
TACHINOMYIA VARIATA Curran
Ficure 17, d, i
Tachinomyia variata CurRAN, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, ser. 3, vol. 5, sect. 5,
p. 169, figs. 14, 15, 1926.
According to Curran (1926, p. 168) variata is characterized princi-
pally by the dense, bristly pile on the lower surface of the anal
forceps, three or four dorsocentral bristles, and absence of ridges on
the lobes of the fifth sternite.
In his description Curran omitted several characters which would
have aided materially in the identification of the species. At the
request of the writer more details concerning the type specimen have
been furnished by G. H. Shewell, of the Canadian National Museum,
where the type is deposited. His description is as follows:
“Length, 12 mm. Four posterior dorsocentrals, the second very
fine; fourth abdominal segment black with reddish posterior border,
thinly gray pollinose; fifth sternite lobes reddish with distinct ridges
on their inner edge; second genital segment reddish; inner forceps
pilose behind (about as in Curran’s drawing); ratio of second to
third antennal segment 1 : 2.5.”
Tachinomyia variata differs slightly from 7. cana as follows: The
ridges on the inner edges of the lobes of the fifth sternite are better
developed and apparently more constant in character; the second
antennal segment is mostly black; the parafacialia are narrower; the
anal forceps are somewhat stouter and usually more densely pilose
on their posterior surfaces; and there are usually three dorsocentrals.
Redescription of male-—Hind tibiae inwardly with short villosity,
villi scarcely the tibial width in length; inner edges of lobes of fifth
sternite usually with a conspicuous ridge (fig. 17, 7); anal forceps
(fig. 17, 2d) with dense pilosity behind, stout at base and somewhat
similar in outline to acosta,; fourth sternite convexly produced;
fourth abdominal segment black, moderately gray pollinose, with red-
dish-black apical border; first genital segment reddish black, second
orange red, mcederately pilose above; scutellum black, apex slightly
reddish ; three or four dersocentrals; no posterior preintraalar bristle; ,
cheeks hardly one-third the eye height, with pale hairs; second an-
tennal segment mostly black, third segment scarcely three times its
length. Front silvery gray pollinose, with slight yellowish cast, at
narrowest part about one-fifth the head width; 10 or 11 frontal bris-
tles, the last 2 reclinate; frontalia narrow, widening gradually to base
of antennae; parafacialia nearly concolorous with front, at narrowest
part compared with distance between vibrissae 7.6:17.5 (average of
six); facial ridges bristly one-half way to antennae; vibrissae well
above oral margin. Length 12-17 mm.
298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Female.—Essentially as in male. Front at“vertex less than one-
third. of head width, with parallel margins; two pairs of orbital
bristles; second antennal segment black, third about two and one-
half times its length; chedls narrow, less than one-fourth the eye
height; palpi slender; four durcoceminales the second from suture
weak; no posterior Seemed bristle; middle tibia with three an-
terior dorsal bristles, the uppermost one shortest; hind tarsi slender;
fourth abdominal segment black, thin gray Panis the posterior
border fringed with moderately long bristles. Length 12 mm.
Material examined.—In the United States National Museum col-
lection there are four paratypes, including both sexes, from Ontario,
Quebec,.and Alberta, Canada. There are also six males and one
female from New Brunswick, Canada, and from the following States:
New Jersey, Wisconsin, South Dakota, and Colorado. Also there
are three specimens in the David G. Hall collection from Ohio,
Kansas, and New Mexico.
The material representative of this species in the Melrose High-
lands laboratory collection consists of 10 specimens collected at
Lunenburg, Mass., from May 21 to June 29, 1914; 3 specimens col-
lected at Melrose, Wass June 1917, May 7, 1930, att May 26, 1934;
4 specimens bearing “G. M. L.” einer 497d, 94271, 94970, aud
9427b!, which were Byred from Porthetria eee collected in Massa-
ee July 1925. These flies emerged in June 1926 and were used
in a successful reproduction experiment by T. H. Jones. No. 9427d" is
the progeny of Nos. 9427a? (¢) and 9427b' (?). There are also
two other specimens from Morris County, N. J., collected May 19,
1936. Specimens of this material were submitted to Mr. Shewell
for comparison with the type of variata, and according to him the
anal forceps agree with those of variata in general outline, though
they are smaller and more densely pilose behind.
Hosts.—Nephelodes emmedonia Cramer (W. A. Squires, Sackville,
New Brunswick, Canada, June 2, 1929); Porthetria dispar Linnaeus
(as preceding).
TACHINOMYIA CANA, new species
This species resembles variata but differs in having broader para-
facialia, a brownish second antennal segment, and slenderer anal
forceps.
Male——Hind tibiae inwardly with short villosity, the villi scarcely
the tibial width in length; lobes of fifth sternite orange-red, smooth
at base and inconspicuously ridged on their inner edges; fourth stern-
ite convexly produced; fourth abdominal segment mostly chalky
white, with narrow apical border of orange-red; dorsum of scutellum
broadly reddish at apex; first and second genital segments orange-
THE GENUS TACHINOMYIA—WEBBER 299
red; first, second, and base of third antennal segment brown or
reddish brown. Anal forceps long; each half, viewed in profile,
straight on posterior edge for two-thirds its length, hence strongly
forwardly curved; viewed from behind, slender and moderately
pilose; four dorsocentrals; no posterior preintraalar bristles; thorax
black, gray pollinose with brownish tinge; front silvery gray polli-
nose with definite yellowish cast, at narrowest part about one-fourth
the head width; parafacialia concolorous with front, at narrowest
part compared with distance between vibrissae 10:19.6 (average
of six) ; cheeks nearly one-third the eye height; facial ridges strongly
bristly over halfway to antennae; third segment of antenna less than
three times the second. Length, 14 mm.
Female.—Unknown.
Type—Male, U.S. N. M. No. 53387.
Remarks.—The holotype is from Melrose Highlands, Mass., col-
lected by the writer on May 24, 1932. The two paratypes are both
males from the same locality as the type collected on May 21, 1932.
Other material, in the Melrose Highlands laboratory collection, con-
sists of 25 collected specimens from about the same locality as the type.
Twenty-one of these have four dorsocentral bristles, one has three,
and the remaining three have three on one side and four on the other;
lobes of the fifth sternite smooth in five specimens and inconspicuously
ridged in the rest; fourth sternite convexly produced; first two seg-
ments of antenna, and usually the base of the third, brown or reddish
brown; second genital segment orange-red, posterior border of fourth
abdominal segment orange-red in all but two specimens, in which it
is mostly black ; scutellum black, thinly gray pollinose, broadly reddish
at apex. Length variable, 11-16 mm. Besides the above there are
three specimens of this species in the David G. Hall collection from
Kansas and Arkansas.
TACHINOMYIA ACOSTA, new species
FicureE 17, f
In acosta the anal forceps are slenderer than in variata. The species
also differs in having the first and second genital segments as well as
the fifth sternite black and in characters of lesser importance.
Male.—Hind tibiae inwardly with short villosity, the villi scarcely
the tibial width in length; lobes of fifth sternite black and without
basal flange, their inner edges smooth or at most with low, inconspic-
uous ridges; fourth sternite black, convexly produced; fourth abdom-
inal segment not densely gray pollinose but at most moderately gray
pollinose with black apical border; scutellum black, faintly reddish
apically; first and second genital segments black, the latter faintly
3800 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
reddish beneath; second antennal segment mostly black, a little less
than one-third length of third segment; anal forceps (fig. 17, /)
strongly incurved, their posterior surfaces moderately pilose; four
dorsocentral bristles; no posterior preintraalar bristle; front and
upper part of face yellowish pollinose, paler below; parafacialia at
narrowest part compared with distance between vibrissae 7.6 : 18.6
(average of six) ; cheeks about one-fourth of eye height, with a predom-
inance of pale hairs; facial ridges bristly about one-third way to an-
tennae, the uppermost ones very weak; vibrissae slightly above oral
margin. Length 13 mm.
Female.—Doubtfully known.
Type.—Male, U.S. N. M. No. 53388.
Remarks.—The holotype is from Morris County, N. J., collected
by the writer on May 10, 1936. The two paratypes are both males,
from Reading Mass., May 26, 1916 (R. T. Webber), and Wellesley,
Mass., June 1, 1909 (J. D. Tothill), respectively.
In 40 other males identified as acosta the lobes of the fifth sternite
are smooth in 19, nearly so in 11, and slightly ridged in 10. All but
one of them have four dorsocentrals. In only one instance is the
posterior preintraalar bristle present. The fourth sternite is turned
upward from the abdomen in all but eight, in which case it is
flattened. Usually the fourth abdominal segment is black, moder-
ately pollinose but occasionally thinly pollinose and indefinitely
marked; posterior border of segment black. Second antennal seg-
ment usually black, in 8 specimens slightly reddish, scutellum wholly
black in 16, slightly reddish at apex in 22, and black, conspicuously
marked with yellow, in 2; second genital segment always black,
sometimes reddish beneath, densely pilose above. The pilosity on the
hind surface of the anal forceps is dense in 23 specimens and but
moderately so in 17. The front and upper part of the face are pale
yellow pollinose, in no instance distinctly golden. In some specimens
the lower part of the face is silvery either with or without a pale
yellowish cast. Length 10-17 mm.
Hosts —Graptolitha disposita Morrison (G. M. L. 11705 J7); G.
inmominata Smith (G. M. L. 11705 M8); G@. antennata Walker
(G. M. L. 12161 J9); Graptolitha sp. (G. M. L. 11705 N2). All
recorded at the Melrose Highlands laboratory by J. V. Schaffner,
dr, et al.
Material examined —About 45 males, from Massachusetts and
New Jersey localities, contained in the collection of the Melrose
Highlands laboratory.
THE GENUS TACHINOMYIA—WEBBER 301
TACHINOMYIA NIGRICANS, new species
FIGURE 17, 0
Resembles acosta but differs from that species in the structure of
the anal forceps and their lack of dense pilosity.
Male.—Hind tibiae inwardly with short villosity, the villi scarcely
the tibial width in length; lobes of fifth sternite black, without basal
flange, their inner edges smooth or at most with low, inconspicuous
ridges; fourth sternite convexly produced; fourth abdominal seg-
ment not densely gray pollinose but mostly black, mottled with thin
grayish pollen, apical border shining black; scutellum black, thinly
gray pollinose; second genital segment black above, reddish beneath ;
second antennal segment black with brownish apex; third segment
hardly twice its length; anal forceps (fig. 17, &) moderately pilose
behind, nearly straight, tapering abruptly to terminus; four dorso-
central bristles; no posterior preintraalar bristle; front and face
silvery gray pollinose, with yellowish cast; parafacialia at narrow-
est part compared with distance between vibrissae 7.1:18.6 (av-
erage of six) ; cheeks about one-fourth of eye height, with pale hairs;
facial ridges bristly about halfway to antennae; vibrissae shghtly
above oral margin. Length, 11-16 mm.
Female —Doubtfully known.
Type.—Male, U.S.N.M. No. 53389.
Remarks.—The holotype is from Lunenburg, Mass., collected by
H. W. Allen during 1916. The two paratypes are from Wellesley,
Mass. (J. D. Tothill, June 1, 1909), and Morris County, N. J. (R. T.
Webber, May 10, 1936). Other material, in the Melrose Highlands
laboratory collection, consists of 60 males from localities in Massa-
chusetts, some of which are bred specimens. All agree well with
the type, particularly as regards the structure of the anal forceps;
the lobes of the fifth sternite are black, practically smooth, or each
bears an inconspicuous ridge; the anal forceps are moderately pilose
behind, rarely more so, There is some variation in the number of
dorsocentrals, 8 out of 60 males having 3 instead of the normal 4.
Of all the specimens examined none had a posterior preintraalar
bristle; the genital segments are black above, usually reddish be-
neath; the scutellum and second antennal segment are mostly black.
Usually there are 11 or 12 frontal bristles, rarely less; the face and
front are silvery gray pollinose with yellowish cast in all but two
specimens, in which they are silvery.
Another lot of males from Massachusetts localities number slightly
over 100 specimens. All have the vibrissae on or slightly above the
oral margin; the first and second genital segments are entirely black,
or black above and reddish beneath; normally there are four dorso-
302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
central bristles; the second segment of the antenna and the scutellum
are black in most part. Length, 6-12 mm.
Placed provisionally with this species is a series of approximately
200 flies bred at the Melrose Highlands laboratory from Alsophila
pometaria Harris and other species of Geometridae. All these flies
are much smaller in size than the type but there does not appear to
be any other appreciable difference. Length, 6-10 mm.
In the United States National Museum there are specimens from
New Jersey, 1924; J. F. King; Hartford, Conn., May 9, 1916, I. N.
Gabrielson; ex A/sophila pometaria, Quaintance No. 16610, Walling-
ford, Conn., May 1, 1920, B. A. Porter; Browns Mills, N. J., July 9,
1926, H. G. Hallock. Also there are one male from Minot, N. Dak.,
June 18, 1918; one male from Lafayette, N. Dak., May 25, 1916; and
one female from Big Stone City, S. Dak., June 8, 1918, Aldrich.
Hosts—Catocala micronympha form fratercula Grote and Robin-
son (G. M. L. 11707 L4); Graptolitha antennata Walker (G. M. L.
12161 E14) ; Porthetvia dispar Linnaeus (G. M. L. 9427); Alsophila
pometaria Harris (G. M. L. 10076 and sub-nos.) ; Phigalia titea Cramer
(G. M. L. 10007 C); Physostegania pusiularia Gueneé (G. M. L.
10016 B) ; Lrannis téiliaria Harris (G. M. L. 10018 83). All recorded
at the Melrose Highlands laboratory by J. V. Schaffner, Jr., et al.
TACHINOMYIA DAKOTENSIS, new species
This species comes nearest to négricans, particularly to the small
forms reared from A/lsophila pometaria Harris, from which it differs
in having discal abdominal bristles, brownish legs, and more broadly
curved anal forceps.
Male—Hind tibiae inwardly with short villosity, the villi scarcely
the tibial width in length; lobes of fifth sternite yellowish brown,
without basal flange, their inner edges smooth; fourth sternite con-
vexly produced; thorax and abdomen black, thinly gray pollinose
with strong brownish cast; fourth segment not densely gray polli-
nose but mostly mottled with thin grayish pollen, the posterior border
black, faintly brownish at sides; second antennal segment and most
of scutellum brown; genital segments orange-red; anal forceps
sparsely pilose behind, their apices strongly curved forward as in
acosta; three dorsocentrals; facial ridges weakly bristled; vibrissae
at or but slightly above oral margin; third antennal segment three
times the length of second; parafacialia at narrowest part compared
with distance between vibrissae 5.3:14.6 (average of six); cheeks
one-fifth the eye height, with pale hairs; face and front concolorous,
silvery gray pollinose with faint yellowish cast; third segment of
abdomen with one pair of discal bristles; legs brownish black.
Length, 9 mm.
THE GENUS TACHINOMYIA—WEBBER 303
Female.—FEssentially as in the male, except for the usual sexual
differences.
Type.—Male, U.S. N. M. No. 53390.
Remarks.—Described from 14 specimens. The holotype is from
Big Stone City, S. Dak., collected on June 8, 1908 (Aldrich), and the
allotype from Lake Metigoske, Turtle Mountains, N. Dak., June 20,
1918 (Aldrich). The paratypes are as follows: Two males, Lake
Metigoske, Turtle Mountains, N. Dak., June 20; one female, Mandan,
N. Dak., June 16; one female, Bottineau, N. Dak., June 20; one female,
Minot, N. Dak., June 18; two males, Wanbay, S. Dak., June 6; one
male, Turtle Mountains, near Bottineau, June 21 (all specimens col-
lected by Aldrich in 1918); two males and one female, Algonquin,
Ill. (Nason) ; one male, Oxbow, Saskatchewan, June 17, 1907 (Knab).
The paratypes agree well with the type, all having brownish legs,
orange-red genitalia, three dorsocentral bristles, and weakly ciliated
facial ridges. All but three have well-developed discal abdominal
macrochaetae, and the scutellum is mostly brownish in all but two
cases, in which black predominates.
Material examined.—Besides the above there are specimens in the
United States National Museum from Idaho, Washington, and Mani-
toba, Canada; also a specimen from Kansas in the David G. Hall
collection.
LITERATURE CITED
ALDRICH, JOHN MERTON.
1905. A catalogue of North American Diptera (or two-winged flies). Smith-
sonian Misc. Coll., vol. 46, No. 1444, 680 pp.
1925. Notes on some types of American muscoid Diptera in the collection
of the Vienna Natural History Museum. Ann. Ent. Soe. Amer.,
vol. 18, pp. 107-1380.
1927. Notes on muscoid ‘synonymy. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. vol. 22,
pp. 18-25.
1931. Notes on Francis Walker’s types of North American flies of the family
Tachinidae. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 80, art. 10, 16 pp.
COQUILLETT, DANIEL WILLIAM.
1897. Revision of the Tachinidae of America north of Mexico. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Bur. Ent. Techn. Ser. Bull. 7, 147 pp.
CURRAN, CHARLES HowArp. .
1926. The Canadian species of the tachinid genera Cryptomeigenia B. B.
and Tachinomyia Town. (Dipt.). Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, 1926,
sect. 5, pp. 155-171, illus.
SMITH, HARRISON EDWARD.
1917. Five new species of North American Tachinidae. Psyche, vol. 24,
pp. 137-141.
TOWNSEND, CHARLES HENRY TYLER.
1892. Notes on North American Tachinidae sens. stv., with descriptions of
new genera and species. III. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 19,
pp. 88-182.
1908. The taxonomy of the muscoidean flies, including descriptions of new
genera and species. Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 51, No. 1803, 138 pp.
1911. Announcement of further results secured in the study of muscoid
flies. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 4, pp. 127-152.
1915. New genera of muscoid flies from the Middle Atlantic States. In-
secutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 3, pp. 97-104.
1936. Manual of myiology, pt. 4, 309 pp. Itaquaquecetuba, Sfio Paulo,
Brazil.
304
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL’ MUSEUM
issued War
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 90 Washington : 1941 No. 3109
A HISTORY OF THE DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE
PALEONTOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL
MUSEUM
By CuHaries W. GruMore
Tuer National Museum’s Division of Vertebrate Paleontology, a
branch of the Department of Geology, has had a long and distinguished
record of service to the Nation and to science. In the pages that fol-
low there is presented for the first time an extended history of this
Division, beginning with the establishment of the Smithsonian In-
stitution in 1846 and covering a span of more than 90 years (including
the year 1940). The account describes the beginnings and growth of
the Division and shows to what extent it has fulfilled its mission as a
national institution in assembling, caring for, and rendering available
to both students and the general public the fossil specimens entrusted
to its keeping.
The data included have been compiled from an exhaustive search of
the early records of the Smithsonian Institution, as well as an exami-
nation of its published papers and annual reports, supplemented by
information resulting from the writer’s 37 years of service in the Di-
vision (1903-40). In order to make the record as complete as possi-
ble, all phases of its development, organization, personnel, explorations,
exhibits, and records are discussed.
I wish to express my great appreciation for the assistance rendered
by many members of the National Museum staff, and especially to thank
Dr. Charles Schuchert, of the Peabody Museum, Yale University, for
reading the manuscript and offering many helpful criticisms. As the
only surviving member of the Department of Geology of the period
292963411 305
306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
prior to 1900, he was able to furnish information that otherwise would
have been irretrievably lost.
EARLIEST VERTEBRATE COLLECTIONS, 1846 TO 1886
The history of the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology may be
said to date from the year 1846, when by act of Congress the custody
of the National Cabinet of Curiosities, then in the Old Patent Office
Building, was transferred to the Smithsonian Institution. The act
provided that “all objects of natural history, plants, and geological
and mineralogical specimens belonging or hereafter to belong to
the United States,” and which were then in the city of Washington,
should be delivered to the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution,
and together with new specimens obtained by exchange, donation,
or otherwise, should be so arranged and classified as best to facilitate
their examination and study. A subsequent act (Sundry Civil Act
of March 8, 1879), decreed that “all collections of rocks, minerals,
soils, fossils, and objects of natural history, archaeology, and eth-
nology, made by the Coast and Interior Survey, the Geological Sur-
vey, or by any other parties for the Government of the United States,
when no longer needed for investigations in progress, shall be de-
posited in the National Museum.”
The vertebrate paleontological material brought together under
these acts prior to 1886 was relatively small in quantity and of a mis-
cellaneous character, though of much scientific interest because of the |
number of type and figured specimens it contained. It consisted
mainly of fossils collected by the early exploring expeditions, such as
the surveys under the direction of the General Land Office, 1849-58;
the surveys for the Pacific Railroads, 1854-55; the surveys west of the
100th meridian under the direction of the Engineer Corps of the
United States Army, 1874; and the United States geological and
geographical surveys under the direction of Dr. F. V. Hayden,
1856-72.
In 1849 Dr. John Evans, an assistant to the eminent geologist
Dr. David Dale Owen, was directed to visit the Mawvaises Terres
of South Dakota and make a collection of the fossil vertebrate re-
mains that up to that time were known only to the Indians, trappers,
and a few explorers. Among the fossils obtained, which were later
submitted to Dr. Joseph Leidy for study, was the Merycoidodon
(Oreodon) of that time.
In 1853 Dr. Evans, accompanied by Dr. B. F. Shumard, again
visited the Badlands while on his way to Oregon for the purpose
of making a geological survey of that territory. At this time he
made a collection of fossil mammals and turtles, all of which were
sent by the Commissioner of the Land Office to the Smithsonian In- |
|
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 307
stitution, whence they were transferred to Professor Leidy in Phila-
delphia for study. Dr. Evans died in Washington in 1861 while
engaged in the preparation of a report on the Badlands fossils that.
he and others had collected.
The vicissitudes attending the custody of vertebrate fossils by the
Government in these early days are well illustrated by an account
published in one of the early reports of the National Museum. Some-
time between 1850 and 1860 an “enlightened” Commissioner of
Patents, who was annoyed by the presence of a collection of fossil
bones in one of the rooms of the Patent Office, without consulting:
anyone sent them to a mill at Georgetown, where they were trans-
formed into commercial fertilizer. A contemporary commented,.
“Once for thought they there became food for the farmer’s plants.”
Among the early collections of fossil vertebrates received was a
small one made under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institution
by Thaddeus A. Culbertson on an expedition to the Mauvaises Terres
(Badlands) and the Upper Missouri in 1850. He was allotted $200
by the Smithsonian Institution to cover the transportation costs of
collections made.
Culbertson was a graduate of Princeton University, and he visited
this region for his health. He was accompanied by his brother
Alexander, who had long been connected with the American Fur
Co. and so was familiar with the whole country, and had indeed sent
valuable specimens of fossil mammals to the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia. Thaddeus A. Culbertson made collec-
tions of the recent fauna and flora of the regions visited, and, though
he was constantly searching for fossils, he met with no success ex-
cept in the Badlands at the locality where his brother had previously
found the remains of the fossils sent to the Philadelphia Academy.
According to his journal, published in the Annual Report of the
Smithsonian Institution for 1851 (pp. 98-95), he spent only a few
days collecting in the Badlands. The fossil portions of the collec-
tion were sent to Dr. Joseph Leidy for study, the results of whose
investigations were published in volume 6 of the Smithsonian Con-
tributions to Knowledge, 1854. Thaddeus A. Culbertson returned
to his home from this expedition in August 1850 with renewed health,
but soon afterward he succumbed to a prevalent disease after a few
weeks’ illness.
Secretary Henry pointed out in the Fifth Annual Report of the
Smithsonian Institution that Dr. Joseph Leidy, in a study of the
Oligocene collections made by Thaddeus A. Culbertson, was able to
characterize the following animals: Rhinoceros nebrascensis, Rhino-
ceros occidentalis, Palaeotherium bairdii (= Mesohippus bairdi), and
Agriochaerus antiquus. The type specimens of the second and third
308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
of these are now in the collections of the National Museum, but the
fourth has never been definitely located.
A history of the type specimen of Phinoceros nebrascensis,' Leidy
(Hyracodon nebrascensis of modern nomenclature) by Drs. Horace
and Albert Wood? is so interesting that it is worth incorporating
here. I have extracted freely from their account as follows:
Abel (1926)* discusses and figures a skull of Hyracodon “nebrascensis” with
badly worn teeth. This bears the “original” label:
“Skull of Rhinoceros nebrascensis (Leidy) Loe: Coryell County, Texas
A. R. Roessler collected 1863.”
Abel states that this is the original of Leidy’s figured specimen (1853, PI. 15,
Figs. 1-2) from the “Big Bad Lands,” and that the label as to collector and
locality is, therefore, wrong. There have been unpublished intimations that
this is not Leidy’s specimen, belonging to the Smithsonian Institution (Leidy,
1853, p. 14), collected by Dr. D. D. Owen. However, comparison of the specimen
‘with Leidy’s figures, which are of his usual high standard of accuracy, leaves
mo possible doubt that they are the same, even the breaks being identical. This
specimen was part of a shipment of allegedly Texas fossils sent to k. k. geologische
Reichsanstalt of Vienna (now the geologische Bundesanstalt) by A. R. Roessler
iin 1868 (Schloenbach, 1868).
What happened may be summarized from the Wood brothers’
account as follows:
Dr. B. F. Shumard, who had been on the Owen survey, was appointed
State geologist of Texas in 1858, and among his subordinates was A. R.
Roessler. In 1860 Shumard announced the discovery in Washington
County, Tex., of fossil materials equivalent in age to those of the Big
Bad Lands, and, as stated by the Wood brothers, “It is entirely reason-
able to suppose that he borrowed typical Badlands material for com-
parison from the collection of the Owen survey with which he had
been associated, although there is no direct proof that he did so.”
On the outbreak of the Civil War, Shumard, Roessler, and others
went north. From the evidence presented it appears clear that
Roessler removed certain specimens and maps from the Texas survey
and that about October 1868 Roessler, who was an Austrian, sent a
collection of vertebrate specimens to the Geologische Reichsanstalt,
among which was the type of Hyracodon nebrascensis.
Professor Abel has since presented the Hyracodon skull to the
American Museum of Natural History, where it bears the catalog
number 22617.
1 Merrill, George P., Catalogue of the type and figured specimens of fossils, minerals,
rocks, and ores in the Department of Geology, United States National Museum. U. S.
‘Nat. Mus. Bull. 53, pt. 2 (Fossil vertebrates, ete.), p. 60, 1907. The type is listed, but there
was some doubt that the specimen was the one that Leidy had described and figured.
It is now known not to be the type.
2 Wood, Horace Elmer, 2d, and Wood, Albert Elmer, Mid-Tertiary vertebrates from the
‘Texas Coastal Plain: Fact and fable. Amer. Midl. Nat., vol. 18, pp. 129-146, illus., 1937.
8 Abel, O., Paleont. Zeitschr., vol. 8, pp. 241-242, 1926.
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 309
These same authors (p. 141) call attention to two other Oligocene
specimens of this same collection in the paleontological collections of
Columbia University. Through the generosity of Prof. G. Marshall
Kay, these have since been returned to the National Museum.
Other parts of these early collections were a very long time in
reaching the national collections. In the Annual Report of the
National Museum for 1888, it is recorded that a small collection of
White River fossils, including the type of Zestudo culbertsoni Leidy,
was deposited by Indiana University. The record is not complete,
but it appears quite certain that after these specimens had been
studied by Leidy they were returned to Dr. David Dale Owen, who
was then State Geologist of Indiana, where he died in 1860. Al-
though it is clearly evident that these specimens were Government
property, the following statement from the Report of the National
Museum for 1891 (p. 10), is at least of interest.
“The Owen type specimens of fossils, mentioned on page 759 of the
report of the National Museum for 1888 as having been ‘presented’ to
the Museum by the Indiana State University through the courtesy of
the university, will be retained in the National Museum as a ‘deposit’
subject to the order of the board of trustees of the university.”
A fire that occurred in the Smithsonian Building in January
1865 burned some stored duplicate Museum materials belonging to
other divisions, but nowhere in the records is it found that vertebrate
fossils were destroyed. Nevertheless, this conflagration has for years
served as a convenient explanation for the absence of certain speci-
mens that were missing from the collections.
In 1858, Dr. James Deane, of Greenfield, Mass., made a request
to Secretary Baird for the Smithsonian Institution to publish his
manuscript on the fossil footprints of the Connecticut Valley-
On account of the expense involved, and the fact that the manuscript
was unfinished, the Secretary was unable to approve the project.
Through the generosity of friends and the cooperation of the Smith-
sonian Institution, this work was privately published in 1861, shortly
after Dr. Deane’s death, under the title “Ichnographs from the Sand-
stone of Connecticut River.”
In 1859, Dr. J. S. Newberry, as geologist, accompanied the topo-
graphic expedition for the exploration of the San Juan River and
Upper Colorado under the leadership of Capt. J. N. Macomb, U. S..
Army. The type specimen of the sauropod dinosaur Dystrophaeus
viaemalae Cope was collected by Newberry in southern Utah, and it,
with other vertebrate fossils obtained, was deposited in the Smith-
sonian paleontological collections.
The Museum’s early records regarding the fossils collected by
Dr. F. V. Hayden and his geological exploring parties are very in-
310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
complete. In some instances it cannot now be determined whether
the specimens recorded from this source were vertebrate or inverte-
brate fossils.
In 1856, Dr. Hayden accompanied Lt. Gouverneur K. Warren’s ex-
pedition for the exploration of the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers. It
was on this journey that the first vertebrate materials were collected
from the Judith River formation. These vertebrates were described
and illustrated by Leidy under the title “Extinct Vertebrata from
the Judith River and Great Lignite Formations of Nebraska”* A
few of these specimens (Z'hespesius occidentalis, Ischyrotherium anti-
gquum, Compsemys victus, and Trionyx foveatus) were deposited in
the National Museum, but for some reason now unknown the others
were retained in the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia.
In the Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1856 men-
tion is made that Dr. Hayden revisited the Mawvaises Terres of the
White River and “procured some forms of fossil mammals not pre-
viously discovered.” In 1857 the Museum received two boxes of
fossils collected by Dr. Hayden while acting as geologist for Lt.
G. K. Warren’s exploring expedition in the Niobrara Valley. Many of
these specimens were later described by Dr. Joseph Leidy® and are
now in the Museum’s collections.
In 1858, Lieutenant Warren deposited 21 boxes containing collec-
tions of animals, plants, minerals, and fossils from the valley of the
Platte, gathered chiefly by Dr. Hayden, but the records do not dis-
close whether vertebrates were included in this accession.
In 1870, Hayden collected some vertebrates along the Big and
Little Sandy Creeks to Green River and from the Bridger formation
in southwestern Wyoming. Cope and Leidy reported on these col-
lections, all of which were finally transferred to the National Museum,
So much of these materials was fragmentary that many of the speci-
mens have subsequently been discarded as valueless.
The bulk of the collections of the National Institute were trans-
ferred to the Smithsonian Institution in 1858. The National Insti-
tute, known first as the National Institution, contained the earlier
collections of the Columbian Institution for the Promotion of Arts
and Sciences transferred to it in 1841. For a time it had custody
of the governmental collections, assembled and exhibited in a large hall
in the Old Patent Office Building, from which they were transferred
to the Smithsonian Institution in 1858 and 1862, in accordance with
the congressional act of 1846. No list of the vertebrate fossils that
were transferred has been found in the archives of the National
4Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 11, pp. 129-154, 1860.
* Leidy, J., ‘Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelpbia, 1858.
ee
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 311
Museum, but in a catalog of the National Institute the following
vertebrate specimens were listed as being exhibited in case 18:
Vertebrae of fossil Cetacea.
4 specimens of fossil fish from near Astoria, Oreg. (fossil fish well worthy of the
attention of the curious).
Mastodon tooth.
Fossil skull and fishes.
Bronze bust of Cuvier.
Mastodon tooth from Marianna, Fla. Walter Younge, N. C.
Large ox horn from Missouri.
YWossil remains of the Arctic or North American elephant or mastodon found
in the State of Missouri, 1843.
Numerous tusks (10 to 12 feet long), good preservation.
100 teeth, many of them, weight being 20 to 30 pounds.
In addition to the specimens listed above Leidy * enumerated the
bones of a Megatherium from Skidaway Island, Ga., which he exam-
ined in the National Institute collections.’ They are as follows: Lower
jaw (nearly complete) with teeth; isolated tooth; temporal portion
of cranium; annular metacarpal bone; axis; cervical vertebra; 2 dorsal
centra; spinous process of dorsal vertebra; 2 rib fragments; head of
femur; proximal extremities of two tibia; os calcis and several tooth
fragments.
It is assumed that all these specimens were transferred to the
Smithsonian Institution in 1858, at the time the bulk of the other
collections of the National Institute was received. These materials
were incorporated in the private collections of the Institution in ac-
cordance with the terms of its charter, thus becoming the property
of the Government. Now, however, only a few of the specimens can
be recognized, and in all probability many of them have long since
been discarded because of the lack of data as to their origin, locality,
and geological occurrence.
One of the important specimens of this collection, which only
recently reached the Smithsonian Institution, was the type of Delphinus
calwertensis, for 90 years in the Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Cambridge, Mass. Its history is as follows: In October or November
1841, Francis Markoe, Jr., corresponding secretary of the National
Institute, made a geological excursion in Calvert and St. Marys
Counties in Maryland. From a cliff in the vicinity of Cove Point,
with the help of Dr. Tongue, a cetacean skull was collected. In 1842
this specimen was described by Richard Harlan,’ who named it Ded-
® Smithsonian Contr. Knowl., vol. 7, p. 51, 1855.
7Under date of April 2, 1851, a letter from Professor Baird to John Varden, curator of
the National Institute, made a request for the Megatherium bones in case 18, presumably
for Dr. Leidy.
§ Description of a new extinct species of dolphin from Maryland. Proc. Nat. Inst., vol. 2,
pp. 195-196, figs. 1-4, 1842.
312 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM You. 90
phinus calvertensis. On April 29, 1846, the National Institute was
directed by Congress to deposit its collections in the Smithsonian
Institution. In 1850 Jeffries Wyman ® announced that Louis Agas-
siz (who was appointed professor of natural history in Lawrence
Scientific School of Harvard University in 1846) was commencing
a study of the Cetacea. At a meeting of the American Academy
of Arts and Sciences in October 1848 Professor Agassiz ?° exhibited
skulls of fossil cetaceans, including the type of Delphinus calvertensis.
In 1858 and 1862 the collections of the National Institute were trans-
ferred to the Smithsonian Institution. From |this chronological
record, it appears quite evident that the Delphinus skull was lent
to Professor Agassiz for use in his studies of the Cetacea and was
probably in his custody when the actual transfer of the National
Institute collections to the Smithsonian took place.
Recently the chronologic events in the history of this specimen
were laid before Dr. Thomas Barbour, director of the Museum of
Comparative Zoology in Cambridge, by Dr. Alexander Wetmore,
assistant secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and the former
acted promptly in having the specimen returned to the national
collections. The type is in excellent condition and shows every evi-
dence of careful handling throughout its unusual history. As an ex-
ample of true scientific interest and generous cooperation this re-
covery of an important type, whose ownership was obscured by the
lapse of time and by the passing of an earlier generation of natu-
ralists, is an event of more than ordinary significance.
In 1868 a complete skeleton of AMfegaceros hibernicus (“Trish elk”),
from the peat bogs of Ireland, was purchased from Thomas & Sons in
Philadelphia, and a fine head with antlers of this animal was received
as a gift from Prof. O. C. Marsh.
In 1872 Prof. E. D. Cope collaborated with the Hayden survey
and explored the Bridger, Green River, Washakie, and Wasatch
horizons in Wyoming, and large collections of fossil vertebrates
were made. Some of these specimens reached the National Museum’s
collections, but I have been unable to learn from the published
records what the precise arrangement was between the Interior De-
partment and Professor Cope concerning the disposition of the
fossils collected. In a letter to his father, dated May 24, 1872, Cope
remarked: “I will have every facility furnished by the Interior
Department, expenses paid, orders for men, wagons, beasts, pro-
visions, ete.” 71 This statement implies that, since the expenses for
the trip were borne by the Government, all the specimens collected
* Amer. Journ. Sci., vol, 10, p. 230, footnote, 1850.
77 Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, p. 5, 1852.
4 Osborn, H. F., Cope: Master naturalist, p. 183, 1931.
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 313
should have become its property. Schuchert, however, offers the
information that Cope received no salary, and for that reason claimed
the fossils as his own. This was not an unusual practice in those
days, as I am told that some of the early ornithologists and biologists
worked under similar arrangements. Some of the Bridger and
Green River fossils of this year are in the National Museum’s pale-
ontological collections, but an unknown number were evidently re-
tained by Cope and are now in the American Museum of Natural
History, New York City.
After Cope’s death, on April 12, 1897, his entire collection of
vertebrate fossils was purchased and presented to the American
Museum of Natural History. Included were many specimens col-
lected by the Hayden survey that were in Cope’s hands at that time.
Obscurity in the proof of ownership led the National Museum au-
thorities to accept a compromise settlement whereby in 1908 a se-
lected collection of 99 duplicate specimens, including a mounted
skeleton of the type of Hoplophoneus robustus and having an esti-
mated value of $3,250, was sent by the American Museum of Natural
History to Washington, D. C. This collection consisted of representa-
tive specimens from the following formations: Puerco, Torrejon,
Bridger, Oligocene, Miocene, and Permian of North America;
Pampean and Santa Cruz of South America.
In 1874, Prof. E. D. Cope was engaged by the War Department as
paleontologist to accompany the United States geographical and geo-
logical survey west of the 100th meridian under the leadership of Lt.
George M. Wheeler. It was on this expedition that he assembled the
classic materials from the Upper Miocene and Lower Pliocene of the
Santa Fe marls in the Rio Grande Valley and the Wasatch Eocene
specimens from along the course of the Gallinas River in New Mexico.
All these fossils were shipped to Philadelphia for Cope to study, but
after publication of his report * they were transferred by the War De-
partment to the custody of the National Museum. They formed a
most important contribution to the paleontological collections of that
time because of the considerable number of type and figured specimens
included.
In 1877, Dr. A. C. Peale, who acted as geologist for the Green River
division of the Hayden survey, was instrumental in bringing together
a considerable collection of Eocene Green River fishes. These were
transferred to the National Museum but later were sent to Professor
Cope at Philadelphia for study and description.** The collection re-
mained there until after his death, being returned to the National
Museum by the executors of his estate in 1898.
12 Rep. U. S. Geogr. and Geol. Surv. West of the 100th Meridian (Wheeler), vol. 4, pt. 2,
1877.
14 Rep. U. S. Geol. Sury. Terr. (Hayden), vol. 3, 1884.
314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
ORIGIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE FOSSILS AND
ITS LATER ORGANIZATION
In the formative years of the Smithsonian Institution there was no
separate unit that dealt exclusively with vertebrate fossils, their cus-
tody apparently falling to the lot of workers interested in other sub-
jects. With the establishment of the United States National Museum,
however, vertebrate fossils were placed in the custody of the Depart-
ment of Comparative Anatomy, and such preparatory and exhibition
work as was carried on at that time was done by the osteologists of
that department.
This arrangement persisted until 1887. In that year Prof. O. C.
Marsh, of Yale University, was appointed honorary curator of the
Department of Vertebrate Fossils.* Professor Marsh had been ver-
tebrate paleontologist on the United States Geological Survey staff
since 1882, and during that time, under liberal allotments from the
Powell administration and with the aid of a large staff of assistants,
he had made notable progress in collecting, preparing, and describing
vertebrate materials. The first report of progress of the Department
of Vertebrate Fossils appears in the Annual Report of the United
States National Museum for 1891, p. 2238, by Frederic A. Lucas,
Assistant Curator.
A general reorganization of the department was inaugurated by
Assistant Secretary G. Brown Goode in 1894, when all the fossil col-
lections were administered under the title “Department of Paleon-
tology,” with Dr. Charles D. Walcott, Director of the United States
Geological Survey, as honorary curator and Charles Schuchert as
assistant curator.
The appointment of Mr. Schuchert was of more than passing im-
portance, since for the first time in their history the paleontological
collections were placed in charge of an official paid by the Museum.
Mr. Schuchert, although primarily more occupied with invertebrate
fossils, nevertheless made notable contributions to the upbuilding
and care of the vertebrate collections during his administration of
the section. The new Department was divided into three sections:
(1) Vertebrate fossils, with O. C. Marsh as honorary curator and
Frederic A. Lucas as acting assistant curator; (2) invertebrate fossils;
and (3) fossil plants. On this reorganization Goode commented :
“Tt will now also be possible to bring the work incident to installation
of all paleontological material under one uniform system.”
In 1897, with the advent of the head curator system, a further
change in the Museum’s organization placed all paleontology under
the Department of Geology, Vertebrate Paleontology becoming a
* Ann. Rep. U. 8. Nat. Mus. for 1887, p. 4, 1889.
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 315
section under the Division of Stratigraphic Paleontology, but with
no change in personnel.
The rapid growth of the collection, incident to the receipt of the
Marsh collections from New Haven, and the death of Professor
Marsh in 1899 led to the appointment of F. A. Lucas as acting curator
in 1901, a position he held until his resignation from the Museum staff
in 1904. From that time until 1908 the collections were administered
by Dr. George P. Merrill, head curator of geology.
In 1898 J. W. Coleman and in 1900 Alban Stewart were employed
as preparators, being the first paid employees to devote all their time
to the preparation of vertebrate fossils. On account of failing health
Coleman resigned in June 1903, and Stewart severed his connection
with the Museum in the spring of 1904. In the meantime, through
the energetic interest of Dr. Merrill, James W. Gidley (1905) and
Charles W. Gilmore (1903) were employed as preparators, and
Norman H. Boss (1904) as assistant preparator. The first men-
tioned came from the American Museum of Natural History, New
York City, the other two from the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh,
Pa., all men with previous experience in paleontologic work.
In 1908 there was a further change in the organization of the
Department of Geology, when three divisions corresponding to former
sections were substituted for the Division of Stratigraphic Paleontol-
ogy. The administration of the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology
was divided, James W. Gidley becoming custodian of the mammalian
collection and Charles W. Gilmore custodian of the reptilian collection.
On June 16, 1911, the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology again
became a section of the Division of Paleontology, administered by
Dr. Ray S. Bassler. In March of this same year Thomas J. Horne, an
experienced preparator and ironworker from the American Museum
of Natural History, was added to the staff.
On June 30, 1924, the final change was made in the organization,
which has since been known as the Division of Vertebrate Paleontol-
ogy, with Charles W. Gilmore as curator and James W. Gidley as
assistant curator, Norman H. Boss as chief preparator, Thomas J..
Horne as preparator, and John M. Barrett as junior scientific aide.
This staff continued intact until the death of Dr. Gidley on September
26, 1931. He was succeeded by Dr. C. Lewis Gazin on March 1, 1932..
Mr. Barrett reached retirement age on March 1, 1936, and was sue-
ceeded in August 1936 by Henry Comack, who resigned on June 30,.
1937. ‘This position was again filled by the appointment of William
E. Moran in June 1938.
In the 42 years that paid personnel has been engaged in fossil
vertebrate work in the National Museum, 28 persons have been em-
ployed, of which only 14 were on a permanent status. AIL others
316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
were temporary employees engaged to do special items of work. In
table 1 is given a complete list of these employees, with the dates of
their appointment and separation :
Tasry 1.—Lmployees of the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology and their terms
of service
Name Title supe ue or! Separated
Amateis! Mowis=:=4 2 2= seeet ee Modelers---5- S222 a ee May 2,1910 | Sept. 30, 1910
Barrett ohne Vises Ne Junior Scientific aldetsssesesss ee Spring 1919___| Feb. 29, 1936
BosssiNormanve wees els Ae Ghief preparatonss =e eee Apr. 1, 1904
Bovis Wii ste ee ee Blacksniithe - 25. See hed see aoe, Noy. 4,1910 | Dec. 7, 1910
@Gressler CO .pVi. see ee ee Proparatorieteccste es aa ea ee June 1,1911 | Mar. 12,1915
Cole Johnils. . 20h) Cee eee Ee eee Goselse sees See ee ee Jan. 8,1913 | June 11,1917
‘Coleman. Ja{Whs Jia cachet eee she ey Go Pes eats 1 eee aes Gee Feb. 1,1898 | June 30, 1903
mMomack. Henrynese eee eee ae Junior scientific aide_._......-----_- Aug. 1,1936 | June 30, 1937
Fastman; Charles Ree sil. ke See gL eg Ee eee ee DOU4: Feb 2. oe 1914.
‘Giles, Gustavus B_-..2)__.-5=-.22:-. Preparators 3 ss 552) ee ee Jan. 13,1913 | July 14, 1916
Hazing Charles Tyee so ene ee Assistant Curatone == eee Mar. 1, 1932
“Gidley,Jamesl Wiese es Ee DE or. 25 LE Pe eee re Feb. 15, 1905 |! Sept. 26, 1931
‘Gilmore, CharlesiiW 2. =- == 252525 -2- Gurators2 0-2 ees ee ee | Nov. 2, 1903
Mold berg, momisss- ss us ee ee Preparator.. 2.22 eee eae July 16,1916 | Feb. 29,1920
Mannan; Kok more eee ee Modeler’) 3.2 eee es eee Jan. 10,1911 | June 30,1911
Aug. 16,1911 | Jan. 23,1912
Feb. 8,1913 | June 30, 1913
Hatcher, John Bell. ese ee WASSistant: he 2 eee ee es ae es Dec. 1,1890 | Jan. 31,1891
IETORnG Ee OMaS = = eee ee IPTeDAra tones tae eee eee eee Mar. 27, 1911
Hughes Dees: Sse eee re ee Blacksmither: sees een eee ee Mar. 13,1911 | Mar. 25, 1911
Lucas) PraderictA: = ee Assistanticuratot: 22. = se = eee Oct. 1888_____ June 30, 1904
Marceron, William___--_......-_-____ Prepataton==<-2 020-6 se Mar. 23,1914 | June 30, 1914
Marsh sO Oise tes oar Sey EL ONOFABY] CULALOL setae ne eee May 10, 1887 | Mar. 18, 1899
Millhauser, Samuel_____._..-_-______ Prepardtorse* ease es ee July 12,1917 | June 15,1918
Moran, William E_.-.._.-...2_-_.-_- Junior scientific aide___......___-_.__ June 16, 1938
Neeh; Paulie. 22-2 Pee aa ee PIOPALAtOr ease re ee eee Jan. 11,1932 | July 9, 1932
Nickles, Edward Bu i212... ¢ 3 Ses (3 jae. eS Se CE ese De Feb. 11,1913 | Oct. 10,1916
#Schuchert; Charles. _- = wees Assistant, curators..-52- 2-22 = 2-2 = 1804e. 42 Sept. 8, 1904
Stewart; Alban=-.¢-. eee IPTePArA LOL etc eee eee eee Dec. 1,1900 | Mar. 12, 1904
Wiades Williams Sa | Bilgeksmith=ss.22 bre se eee eee | Mar. 7,1910 | Sept. 6, 1910
1 Died.
In addition to those of the regular staff there have been several vol-
unteer collaborators who have rendered invaluable service in the devel-
opment of the Government vertebrate collections. The earliest of these
was Dr. Joseph Leidy. At intervals during the period from 1850 to
about 1873, most of the vertebrate material brought together under
governmental auspices was transmitted to him in Philadelphia for
scientific investigation. These collections were later returned to the
Smithsonian and, as many of the specimens had been described and
illustrated, their importance was greatly enhanced.
In the early seventies Prof. E, D. Cope began his collaborative work
with the Hayden survey. His entry into the western fossil fields in
1872 led to an immediate break in the hitherto friendly relations be-
tween Cope and Marsh, and eventually to the exelusion of Leidy from
DIVISION GF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 31%
further governmental work, Cope practically superseding him in that
respect. Cope was a prodigious worker, as is attested by his many
volumes and reports on vertebrate fossils published by various.
branches of the Government. As he also accompanied expeditions,
the Government collections were greatly enriched by his specimens:
as well as by his paleontological studies and publications.
Cope was superseded by Prof. O. C. Marsh in 1882, who became:
vertebrate paleontologist for the United States Geological Survey,.
and for 10 years he brought together collections and described ma-
terials that together form the most notable contribution ever made
to the development of the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology in the
National Museum.
Dr. Oliver P. Hay, although never officially connected with the Na-
tional Museum, nevertheless contributed much to the development of
vertebrate paleontology in this Institution (1912-80). Appointed re-
search associate in the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1912,
he was provided office space in the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology,,
which he occupied until his death on November 2, 1930. His bibliog-
raphy contains no less than 29 papers that were based wholly on
Museum specimens. In addition to his research, he made many gifts:
to the collections and was responsible for the acquisition of a number
of unique specimens. It was during this period that he compiled his.
Second Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North
America and the three volumes on the Pleistocene of North America
and Its Vertebrated Animals.
Dr. Remington Kellogg, while still a member of the Biological
Survey staff of the Department of Agriculture (1920-28), undertook
the scientific investigation of the fossil cetacean collections. of the
National Museum, this work being done outside of his official duties
and supported to some extent by grants from the Carnegie Institu-
tion of Washington. These studies have been continued since his
affiliation with the Museum in 1928, and his energetic interest has
been a very important factor in developing the marine fossil mam-
mal collection to a point where it ranks first among American col-
lections of these animals.
Dr. Charles R. Eastman, under the auspices of the Smithsonian
Institution, spent a year (1914) in the study of the fossil fish collec-
tion, rendering valuable service in publication,’ identification, and
rearrangement.
Dr. Alexander Wetmore began the study of fossil birds prior to
his appointment as Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion in 1925, and since then he has published continually, much of
his work being based on the Museum’s collections. Through his
1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 52, pp. 235-304, pls. 1-23, 1917.
318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 90
interest there has been a steady growth of these rarest. of fossil re-
mains, until at the present time the collection ranks high among
the fossil-bird assemblages in this country.
MARSH COLLECTION, PERIOD OF MOST RAPID EXPANSION,
1886-1900
The greatest impetus to the growth of the collections of vertebrate
fossils in the National Museum was the transfer from the United
States Geological Survey of the materials brought together under
the direction of Prof. O. C. Marsh*® and known as the “Marsh
Collection.” Professor Marsh, as United States paleontologist,
worked under the auspices of the Survey from 1882 to 1892, and
during that period he assembled the fossil materials that were des-
tined to form a most important part in the development of a national
collection of vertebrate fossils. According to Schuchert,’” “the
Powell survey was liberal in allotments for this work, and he
(Marsh) was given about $15,000 each year to pay salaries for him-
self and his numerous assistants—collectors (about 35), prepara-
tors (9), scientific aides (8), and artists—and for field and laboratory
expenses, including large freight bills.”
The specimens as they were collected were sent from the field
directly to Marsh at the Peabody Museum of Natural History of
Yale University for preparation and study. The first consignment.
returned to Government custody consisted of 72 large boxes, shipped
to the National Museum in 1886 and there placed in storage un-
opened; in July 1891 a second shipment, consisting of 380 prepared
specimens in 33 boxes weighing 6,960 pounds, was received. These
were placed on exhibition in a case especially made for them in
preparation for the International Geological Congress meeting held
that year in Washington.
In April 1896 a third consignment, consisting of 115 boxes of rhi-
mnoceros (Z7eleoceras) skeletal remains from Kansas, was received and
placed in storage. In 1898, a fourth portion of this assemblage con-
sisting of two carloads was transferred to Washington. At the time
of Professor Marsh’s death (March 18, 1899), the largest part of the
collection still remained in New Haven. Shortly thereafter, the
rest of the collections, five carloads in all, was packed and shipped
to the National Museum, formal transfer being made by Dr. Charles
D. Walcott, then Director of the United States Geological Survey,
under date of December 8, 1899. His letter and that of Secretary
Langley in reply are given herewith in abstract.
16 Wor full-length biography of Marsh, see Schuchert, Charles, and Le Vene, Clara M.,
“O. C. Marsh: Pioneer in Paleontology,” 541 pp., illus. New Haven, 1940.
™ Schuchert, Charles, Nat. Acad. Sci. Biogr. Mem., vol. 20, Ist mem., p. 26, 1939.
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 319
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,
Washington, D. C., December 8, 1899.
Prof. S. P. LANGLEY,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institute,
Washington, D.C.
Dear Sir: I have the honor to state that all the vertebrate collections of the
late Prof. O. C. Marsh, belonging to the Government, have been shipped from
New Haven, Conn., and are now transferred to the custody of the U. 8. National
Museum, subject only to the use of such material as may be necessary for study
and illustration in the completion of the monographs that were in course of
preparation by Professor Marsh at the time of his death.
The actual number of specimens represented in this collection cannot be stated.
They range in size from minute teeth of fossil mammals to individual specimens
weighing from 500 to 2,000 pounds each. The collections are rich in Dinosauria,
especially in examples of Triceratops and Stegosaurus, while the series of Ti-
tanotherium skulls is one of the best, if not the best, in existence. it contains
fifty or more complete examples cleaned, and a number in the rough, besides
many hundred bones.
Among the specimens transferred are the types of forty or more species,
including dinosaurs, of Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary mammals, Among the
types are the following : *
DINOSAURS SNAKES
ee ete)
Diplodocus longus ” Coniophis precedens
Labrosaurus ferox JuRASsiCc MAMMALS
Camptosaurus nanus Paurodon valens
Triceratops sulcatus Menacodon rarus
Triceratops calicornis Enneodon affinis
Triceratops obtusus Wnneodon crassus
Pleurocoelus nanus Laodon venustus
Ceratosaurus nasicornis CRETACEOUS MAMMALS «
Ceratops montanus Priconodon crassus “*
Ceratops alticornis Cimolodon agilis
ea enn Telacodon praestans
Oracodon conulus
Rhytinodon rostratus Allacodon pumilus
The transfer of these great collections to Washington without the loss of any
material, either through imperfect recording or through misunderstanding as to
ownership of specimens, reflects the greatest credit on the businesslike methods
and the integrity of Professor Marsh. The addition of the material to the Na-
tional Museum places it in the front rank among museums in its collection of
vertebrate fossils. It is necessary that some gaps in the collections be filled,
and I sincerely trust that it will be possible for the museum to do this at an
early date.
Yours respectfully,
(Signed) CHas. D. WALCOTT,
Director.
18 This list is incomplete, as there were 50 original types, of which 21 were reptilian and
29 were mammalian. Less than half of the types of the rare Jurassie and Cretaceous
mammals are listed here, as there were 12 of the first and 10 of the second.
1 An error, as the type is in the Peabody Museum of Natural History.
19a Wrongly listed, as this is a dinosaur, not a mammal.
320 PROCEEDINGS OF THS NATIONAL MUSEUM You. 90
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
December 22, 1899.
Dear Sir:
I take pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of your letter of the eighth
instant, advising me that you have transferred to the National Museum all
the vertebrate fossils collected by the late Professor O. C. Marsh belonging
to the United States Government, subject only to the condition that such
material as is required may be used for study and illustration in completing
the monographs which were in preparation by Professor Marsh at the time of
his death.
The addition of this immense collection of the most important American fossil
remains to the treasures already assembied in the National Museum will, I
am sure, afford the greatest satisfaction to all workers in the field of pale-
ontology both at home and abroad, and you will permit me to add a personal
word in appreciation of your untiring efforts to facilitate in every way possible
the great task connected with the removal of the collection from New Haven
_to Washington.
During the coming year I expect to have two preparators engaged in work-
ing out the matrix specimens still uncleaned, and confidently hope that it
may be possible in a few years to have the entire collection made available
for study and a selected series for public exhibition. From this latter series
the public will be able to form a correct idea as to the number, variety and
great size of these wonderful extinct creatures of the western country, and
will undoubtedly be impressed with the extent and importance of the work
of the paleontological divisions of the Geological Survey and the marvelous
industry and intelligence displayed by Professor Marsh in bringing together
this great collection.
Yours respectfully,
(Signed) S. P. LANGLEY.
The Honorable CHAs. D. WALcorTt,
Director, U. 8. Geological Survey.
The bulk of this collection consisted of specimens from the Jurassic
(Morrison), Upper Cretaceous (Lance), Oligocene (Chadron), and
Pliocene (Republican River) deposits of western North America.
Lesser lots deemed worthy of special mention were from the Triassic
of North Carolina, Cretaceous (Arundel) of Maryland, Upper Cre-
taceous of Montana (Judith River), Upper Cretaceous of Colorado
(Denver and Arapahoe), Upper Cretaceous of Kansas (Niobrara).
and Miocene and Oligocene of Oregon (John Day and Mascall), be-
sides numerous other small miscellaneous lots.
Many of the specimens came to the Museum either fully or par-
tially prepared, but the bulk of the material was in the same con-
dition as when received from the field. In fact, three years’
collections are still in the original field boxes (49) and have never
been opened. In transmitting the fifth and final portion of the
Marsh collection, Dr. Walcott in 1900 estimated it as comprising
15,000 specimens having a value of not less than $150,000.
The Jurassic part of the collections, which exceeded all others in
bulk and weight, was especially rich in the remains of Stegosaurus,
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DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 321
Camptosaurus, Ceratosaurus, and <Antrodemus (Allosaurus).
These Morrison dinosaurs came from two widely separated regions:
Garden Park in the vicinity of Canyon City, Colo., and near Como,
Albany County, Wyo. In both instances fossil quarries were de-
veloped that produced specimens for several successive seasons. At
Janyon City the fossils occurred in a thick sandstone layer, and this
deposit was worked from 1883 to 1887, inclusive, under the direction
of M. P. Felch. It was from this quarry that the articulated type
specimens of Ceratosaurus nasicornis and Stegosaurus stenops and
an articulated skeleton of Antrodemus fragilis were obtained.
In the Como region the famous Quarry 13 and Quarry 1314 were
fcund by William H. Reed, in 1879. The former was worked for the
Government for a part of 1882 by Mr. Reed; in 1883 by J. L. Kenney;
and from 1884 to 1887 by Fred Brown. It is one of the few known
quarries that have produced quantities of stegosaurian and campto-
saurian bones. The following types were obtained here: Stegosaurus
sulcatus Marsh, Diracodon laticeps Marsh, Camptosaurus nanus
Marsh, and C. browni Gilmore, all in the National Museum.
Quarry 9 at Como Bluff, famous because of the occurrence of
Jurassic mammals, was worked for a number of seasons by Pro-
fessor Marsh’s parties, but for the Government from 1883 to 1885
by Ed. Kennedy and W. Beck. ‘The specimens obtained are, there-
fore, divided between the Peabody Museum of Natural History and
the United States National Museum.
The Upper Cretaceous part of the collection was largely from the
Lance Creek area of Converse (now Niobrara) County, Wyo., made
under the direction of John B. Hatcher during the years 1889 to
i892, inclusive, and consisted principally of skulls and skeletal parts
of the large horned ceratopsian and hadrosaurian dinosaurs. Even
more valuable scientifically was the large series of teeth and jaws of
the small mammals of this period, among which were many types.
Of lesser importance were small collections made by Mr. Hatcher
in 1887 from the Upper Cretaceous of the Denver Basin, and in 1888
from the Upper Cretaceous Judith River formation in Montana and
Arundel formation in Maryland, each of which contained several
type specimens.
The Oligocene part of the collection made under the direction of
Mr. Hatcher covered the period from 1886 to 1890, and the greater
number of specimens came from the Chadron formation of western
Nebraska (Sioux County) and the Badlands of Washington County,
S. Dak. Of the Brontotheres alone there were 158 skulls and jaws
representing many types, besides much skeletal material. The fauna
of the Brule was scantily represented. The Miocene and Oligocene
were represented by a season’s collection of 15 boxes of materials
292963—41——3
322 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM ~— Vou. 90
from the Mascall and John Day formations in eastern Oregon col-
lected by L. S. Davis in 1882.
The lower Pliocene collections made by Hatcher in 1884 and 1885
near Long Island, Phillips County, Kans., consisted principally of
Teleoceras fossiger, of which there were more than 10,000 bones rep-
resenting all parts of the skeleton. Upper Pliocene was represented
by small lots of material from Hay Springs, Nebr., and from Archer
and Williston, Fla.
At the time of my affiliation with the National Museum in 1903,
the bullx of the Marsh collection was stored in rented buildings in
southwest Washington. The first floor of a three-story brick build-
ing on the west side of Tenth Street near C Street, SW., was then in
use as a paleontological laboratory, the cellar and two upper floors
being completely occupied by boxes and crated trays of vertebrate
material. The study collections of this period were kept in standard
trays arranged in tiers on a balcony in the southeast corner of the
present Arts and Industries Building and in the lower parts of the
A-topped exhibition cases in use at that time. These collections in
storage from 1903 on were rapidly reduced in bulk through prepara- _
tion and condemnation of worthless material, so that in 1910, with
the occupancy of the New Natural History Building, the widely scat-_
tered storage collections were assembled as a unit for the first time. —
On this occasion the offices and laboratory were newly furnished and
equipped, new exhibition cases replaced the old, and steel storage
cases replaced the wooden racks of a previous period. These com-
modious quarters permitted a more systematic arrangement of the —
study collections, and for the first time the preparators were provided
with a well-lighted, well-equipped, roomy laboratory (27 by 77 feet)
(pl. 51). These improvements in facilities were almost immediately
reflected in an improved quality as well as quantity of output.
The study collections have more than doubled in size since the
Division moved into the Natural History Building in 1910. There
are now 477 three- and six-foot storage units in use, but in addition ©
their tops are covered with the larger specimens that cannot be cared
for in standard trays. These storage cases now occupy practically
every inch of case room that can be found in offices, laboratory, and
adjoining corridors (pls. 52, 53), in addition to the gallery erected
in 1930 in the main storage room, which practically doubled its
capacity.
At the present time (1940) all the Marsh collection, except 49
boxes from the Morrison of Canyon City, have been prepared, and
with this exception all the collection is now available.
|
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DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 323
EXPEDITIONS
Since the inception of the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology, it
has profited from no less than 68 major ”° collecting expeditions, of
which about 30 were financed and directed by the Smithsonian Insti-
tution or the National Museum. Funds for the others were furnished
by private sponsors or by other Government agencies. Of the latter,
the United States Geological Survey has been the outstanding
contributor.
The first expeditions organized by the United States National Mu-
seum exclusively for the collection of fossil vertebrates were those of
1894 and 1896 to the Eocene of Alabama for Basilosaurus remains.
Reports of an abundance of archaeocete remains in the Gulf States
instigated the 1894 expedition, and Dr. Charles Schuchert was de-
tailed to investigate these and to collect if possible a specimen for
exhibition. He was successful in finding a much fragmented skull
and a fine ramus of one and the forward half of the articulated,
skeleton of a second individual of Basilosaurus, together with other
less important specimens. This material formed the basis for the
restoration of the Basilosaurus cetoides skeleton exhibited at the
Cotton States and International Exposition at Atlanta in 1895. In
November 1896 Schuchert again visited the Eocene of Alabama and
collected additional materials of Basilosaurus, including an articu-
lated series of vertebrae of the hinder portion of the skeleton. From
these specimens was assembled the mounted skeleton that for 28 years
has formed a unique feature of the exhibition series.
In 1904, under A. G. Maddren, and again in 1907, under Charles
W. Gilmore, expeditions were dispatched to Alaska by the Smithso-
nian in the hope of securing a mountable skeleton of the northern
mammoth (Hlephas primigenius). Although neither expedition was
successful in getting an elephant skeleton, important collections of
Pleistocene fossils resulted.
This quest for elephant remains was further pursued in 1915,
when Benno Alexander was employed by the Smithsonian to accom-
pany the Koren expedition to the Kolyma River Valley, Siberia. Mr.
Alexander obtained a nearly perfect skull of Flephas primigenius
and a large miscellaneous collection of Pleistocene bones.
Scarcely a year has passed since 1912 when there has not been at
least one expedition in the field in quest of fossil vertebrates. Begin-
ning in 1929, however, the Smithsonian Institution has provided
the means for carrying on annual expeditions, and it has thereby
been possible to plan a definite program. Geographically the ex-
2 By major expeditions is meant those collecting parties that have spent 2 or more
months in the field and whose energies were wholly devoted to the collection of fossif
vertebrates,
324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM...) ! VOL. 90
peditions have covered a wide area, collections having been made
in Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Cuba, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Mary-
land, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Siberia, South
Dakota, Utah, Virginia, and Wyoming.
Although much of the exploratory work of later years has been
done in well-known fossil-producing areas, these collecting activities
have also resulted in the development of important new fossil areas
and faunas. The more important of these are: Jackson, Eocene
fauna, near Melvin, Choctaw County, Ala. (1894, 1896, 1929); the
Cumberland Cave Pleistocene fauna near Cumberland, Md. (1912,
1913, 1914, 1915) ; Paleocene fauna from Sweet Grass County, Mont.
(1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1934) ; Plocene and Pleistocene faunas of the
San Pedro Valley, Ariz. (1921, 1936) ; footprints from the Permian
of the Grand Canyon, Ariz. (1924, 1926, 1927) ; fauna of the Upper
Cretaceous, Two Medicine formation, Mont. (1918, 1928, 1935) ;
Pliocene fauna and development of the famous Plesitppus Quarry
near Hagerman, Idaho (1929, 1930, 1931, 1934) ; fauna of the Upper
Cretaceous, North Horn formation, and Paleocene, Dragon forma-
tion of the Wasatch Plateau region of central Utah (1937, 1938, 1939,
1940) ; Miocene fauna of the Chesapeake Bay area (1905-1940).
Although early collecting was intermittent and consisted largely
in, accepting opportunities as they arose, with the exception of the
Marsh collecting parties for the Geological Survey the work of re-
cent years has been planned with the idea of filling in gaps and of
rounding out the permanent collections, so that they will be more
fully representative of all the better-known North American faunas
and fossil-producing areas. As a result of this planned collecting,
the vertebrate collections of the National Museum are gradually
reaching a standard that is in keeping with the national character
of the Institution.
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF EXPEDITIONS, OUTSIDE OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTi-
TUTION AND NATIONAL MUSEUM, FROM WHICH THE DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE
PALEONTOLOGY HAS BENEFITED
1849. U. S. Land Office. Oligocene (Brule), South Dakota, “Bad Lands,” John
Evans in charge.
1850. Thaddeus Culbertson (allotted $200 for freight by the Smithsonian).
Oligccene, South Dakota, “Bad Lands,” Thaddeus Culbertson in charge.
1853. U. S. Land Office. Oligocene (Brule), South Dakota, “Bad Lands,” John
Evans in charge.
1856. War Department, U. S. Geographical Exploration of the Yellowstone and
Missouri Rivers. Upper Cretaceous (Judith River), Gouverneur K.
Warren in charge. F. V. Hayden made the collections.
1857. War Department. Oligocene and Miocene, South Dakota and Nebraska,
Niobrara River. Gouverneur K. Warren in charge, F. V.. Hayden made
the collections. ;
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE S20
1870:-U: S. Geological Survey, Hayden Survey. Eocene, Bridger, and other
Tertiary deposits, Wyoming. F. V. Hayden made the collections.
1872. U. 8. Geological Survey, Hayden Survey. Eocene, Bridger, and other
Tertiary basins, Wyoming. E. D. Cope made the collections,
1874. War Department, U. 8S. Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian.
Eocene (Wasatch), Miocene and Lower Pliocene, New Mexico, G. M,
Wheeler in charge. HE. D. Cope, assisted by H. C. Yarrow, made the
collections.
1882. U. S. Geological Survey. Jurassic (Morrison), Wyoming, Albany County,
“Quarry 13,” W. H. Reed in charge.
1883. U. S. Geological Survey. Jurassic (Morrison), Wyoming, Albany County,
“Quarry 13,” 6 miles from Como, J. L. Kenney in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Jurassic (Morrison), Colorado, ‘Garden Park,”
near Canyon City, M. P. Felch in charge.
1884. U. 8. Geological Survey. Jurassic (Morrison), Wyoming, Albany County,
“Quarry 13,” 6 miles from Como, Fred Brown in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Jurassic (Morrison), Wyoming, Albany County,
39 oe
“Quarry 9,” Como Bluff, Ed Kennedy in charge, assisted by W. Beck.
U. S. Geological Survey. Jurassic (Morrison), Colorado, “Garden Park,”
near Canyon City, M. P. Feleh in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Lower Pliocene (Republican River), Kansas,
Phillips County, Long Island, “Teleoceros Quarry,” J. B. Hatcher in
charge.
1885. U. S. Geological Survey. Jurassic (Morrison), Wyoming, Albany County,
“Quarry 13,” 6 miles from Como, Fred Brown in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Jurassic (Morrison), Colorado, “Garden Park,”
near Canyon City, M. P. Felch in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Lower Pliocene (Republican River), Kansas,
Phillips County, Long Island, “Z'eleoceras Quarry,” J. B. Hatcher in
charge.
1886. U. S. Geological Survey. Jurassic (Morrison), Wyoming, Albany County,
“Quarry 13,” 6 miles from Como, Fred Brown in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Jurassic (Morrison), Colorado, ‘Garden Park,”
near Canyon City, M. P. Felch in charge.
U.S. Geological Survey. Oligocene (Chadron chiefly), Nebraska and South
Dakota, J. B. Hatcher in charge.
1887. U. S. Geological Survey. Jurassic (Morrison), Wyoming, Albany County,
“Quarry 13,” 6 miles from Como, Fred Brown in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Jurassic (Morrison), Colorado, “Garden Park,”
near Canyon City, M. P. Felch in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Upper Cretaceous (Denver), Colorado, near
Denver, J. B. Hatcher in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Oligocene (Chadron), South Dakota and
Nebraska, J. B. Hatcher in charge.
U. 8. Geological Survey. Cretaceous (Arundel), Maryland, near Beltsville,
J. B. Hatcher in charge.
1888. U. S. Geological Survey. Jurassic (Morrison), Colorado, “Garden Park,”
near Canyon City, M. P. Felch in charge.
U. 8S. Geological Survey. Oligocene, South Dakota and Nebraska, vicinity
of Chadron and Hermosa, J. B. Hatcher in charge.
U. 8. Geological Survey. Cretaceous (Judith River), Montana, Cow Island
and vicinity of Dog Creek and Judith River, J. B. Hatcher in charge.
326
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1899.
1900.
1902.
1908.
1909.
1913.
1914.
1916.
1921.
1924.
1926.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
U. S. Geological Survey. Cretaceous (Arundel), Maryland, near Beltsville,
J. B. Hatcher in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Jurassic (Morrison), Wyoming, Albany County,
“Quarry 9,” Fred Brown in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Triassic, North Carolina, Egypt, J. B. Hatcher
in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Oligocene, South Dakota, J. B. Hatcher in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Upper Cretaceous (Lance), Wyoming, Niobrara
County, Lance Creek, J. B. Hatcher in charge, assisted by C. E. Beecher
and O. A. Peterson.
U. S. Geological Survey. Upper Cretaceous (Lance), Wyoming, Niobrara
County, Lance Creek, J. B. Hatcher in charge, assisted by W. H.
Utterback, A. L. Sullins, and T. A. Bostwick.
U. S. Geological Survey. Oligocene (Chadron), South Dakota, “Bad
Lands,” J. B. Hatcher in charge, assisted by W. H. Utterback, E. B.
Willson, O. A. Peterson, C, E. Beecher, and Gus Craven.
U. S. Geological Survey. Upper Cretaceous (Niobrara), Kansas, Handel T.
Martin in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Triassic, North Carolina, J. B. Hatcher in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Pliocene, Florida, Levy County, near Archer and
Williston, J. B. Hatcher in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Upper Cretaceous (Lance), Wyoming, Niobrara
County, J. B. Hatcher in charge, assisted by A. L. Sullins, W. H. Utter-
back, A. HE. Burrell, and O. A. Peterson.
U. S. Geological Survey. Upper Cretaceous (Lance), Wyoming, Nio-
brara County, J. B. Hatcher in charge.
Union Pacific Railroad. Jurassic (Morrison), Wyoming, Albany County,
Freeze Out Mountains, Charles Schuchert in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Triassic (Chinle), Arizona, ‘“Tanner’s Crossing,”
Barnum Brown in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Eocene (Bridger), Wyoming, W. D. Matthew
and Walter Granger in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Paleocene (Fort Union), Montana, Sweet Grass
County, A. C. Silberling in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Paleocene (Fort Union), Montana, Sweet Grass
County, A. C. Silberling and J. W. Gidley in charge.
U. S. Geological Survey. Upper Cretaceous (Two Medicine), Montana,
Blackfeet Indian Reservation, C. W. Gilmore in charge, assisted by
Floyd Strayer.
U. S. Geological Survey. Upper Cretaceous (Judith and Claggett), Mon-
tana, vicinity of Judith P. O. C. W. Gilmore accompanied party.
U. S. Geological Survey. Paleocene (Puereo and Torrejon) and Upper
Cretaceous (Kirtland), New Mexico, San Juan Basin. J. B. Reeside
made the collections.
U.S. Geological Survey. Pliocene (Cochise) and Pleistocene, Arizona, San
Pedro Valley, J. W. Gidley and Kirk Bryan.
National Park Service. Miocene (Santa Fe marl), New Mexico, near
Espanola, C. W. Gilmore in charge.
National Park Service. Permian (Coconino), Arizona, Grand Canyon,
footprints, C. W. Gilmore in charge, assisted by A. Metzer.
National Park Service. Permian (Coconino and Hermit), Arizona, Grand
Canyon, footprints, C. W. Gilmore in charge, assisted by Glen
Sturdevant.
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 327
1927. National Academy of Sciences. Permian (Hermit and Supai), Arizona,
Grand Canyon, footprints, C. W. Gilmore in charge, assisted by Glen
Sturdevant.
1929. Carnegie Institution of Washington. Eocene (Jackson), Alabama and
Mississippi. Remington Kellogg in charge, assisted by N. H. Boss.
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF EXPEDITIONS ENGAGED IN THE COLLECTION OF FOSSIL
VERTEBRATES FOR THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM AND SMITHSONIAN
INSTITUTION
1894. Eocene (Jackson), Alabama, Choctaw County, Basilosawrus remains
principally, Charles Schuchert in charge.
1896. Same.
1904. Pleistocene, Alaska, Old Crow and Yukon River Valleys, A. G. Maddren
in charge.
1907. Pleistocene, Alaska, Yukon Valley, C. W. Gilmore in charge, assisted by
Benno Alexander.
1912. Pleistocene, Maryland, “Cumberland Cave,” J. W. Gidley in charge, as:
sisted by Raymond Armbruster.
1913. Pleistocene, Maryland, ‘Cumberland Cave,’ J. W. Gidley in charge.
1914. Same.
1915. Same.
1914-15. Pleistocene, Siberia, Kclyma Valley, Benno Alexander in charge.
1915. Pleistocene, Indiana, Pulaski County, “Winamae Mastodon,” J. W. Gidley
in charge.
1921. Miocene (Harrison), Nebraska, “Agate Springs,” slab of Diceratheriwm
bones, J. W. Gidley in charge.
1928. Jurassic (Morrison), Utah, “Dinosaur National Monument,” Diplodocus
skeleton, C. W. Gilmore in charge, assisted by Norman H. Boss, J. A.
Kay, HE. M. York, and Golden York.
1924, Triassic, Virginia, Loudoun County, dinosaur tracks, C. W. Gilmore in
charge, assisted by N. H. Boss.
1924. Pleistocene, Florida, Melbourne, in cooperation with the Bureau of Amer-
ican Ethnology, J. W. Gidley in charge.
1925. Pleistocene, Florida, Melbourne, investigation of occurrence of man with
Pleistocene fossils, J. W. Gidley in cooperation with Amherst College.
Pleistocene, Oklahoma, Long Horn Spring deposit, J. W. Gidley in charge.
1927. Pleistocene, Florida, Melbourne, J. W. Gidley in charge, assisted by C. P.
Singleton.
Pleistocene, Oklahoma, near Curtis, J. W. Gidley in charge.
1928. Upper Cretaceous (Two Medicine), Montana, Blackfeet Indian Reservation,
C. W. Gilmore in charge, assisted by G. F. Sternberg and Edwin Cooke.
Pleistocene, Florida, Melbourne and New Smyrna, J. W. Gidley in charge,
assisted by C. P. Singleton.
1929. Pliocene (Hagerman Lake beds) and Pleistocene, Idaho, American Falls
beds, “Plesippus Quarry,’ J. W. Gidley in charge, assisted by C. P.
Singleton, Elmer Cook, and F. V. Conklin.
Pleistocene, Florida, Melbourne, J. W. Gidley in charge, assisted by C. P.
Singleton.
Pleistocene, New Mexico, Dona Ana County, Aden Crater, in cooperation
with Peabody Museum of Natural History, F. W. Darby in charge,
assisted by N. H. Boss,
Upper Cretaceous (Kirtland), New Mexico, San Juan Basin, C. W. Gilmore
in charge, assisted by N. H. Boss, G. F. Sternberg, and C. W. Sternberg.
328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 90
1930. Eocene (Bridger), Wyoming, Bridger Basin, C. W. Gilmore in charge,
assisted by G. F. Sternberg and George B. Pearce.
Pliocene (Hagerman Lake beds), Idaho, “Plesippus Quarry,’ near Hager-
man, J. W. Gidley in charge, assisted by C. P. Singleton, 8S. P. Welles,
Elmer Cook, Frank Garnier, and Y. Young Rogers.
Pleistocene, Florida, Melbourne, evidence of association of man with
Pleistocene fossils, J. W. Gidley in charge, assisted by C. P. Singleton.
1931. Eocene, Miocene, and Oligocene, Wyoming and Montana. Collections made
from Eocene: Wasatch, Big Horn Basin; Oligocene: Pipestone Springs:
Miocene: Canyon Ferry, White Sulphur Springs, and Deep River. C. W.
Gilmore in charge, assisted by G. F. Sternberg and M. V. Walker.
Pliocene (Hagerman Lake beds), Idaho, “Plesippus Quarry,” near Hager-
man, N. H. Boss in charge, assisted by C. P. Singleton, C. W. Caldwell,
Charles Brenner.
1932. Oligocene (Brule), Wyoming, Nebraska, and South Dakota, C. W. Gilmore
in charge, assisted by G. F. Sternberg and M. V. Walker.
1934. Pliocene (Hagerman Lake beds) and Pleistocene, Idaho, ‘Plesippus”
Quarry and American Falls, C. Lewis Gazin in charge, assisted by G. F.
Sternberg, George B. Pearce, and Elmer Cook.
Paleocene (Fort Union), Montana, Sweetgrass County, George Gaylord
Simpson in charge, assisted by A. C. Silberling.
1935. Upper Cretaceous (Two Medicine), Montana, Blackfeet Indian Reserya-
tion, and Eocene (Wasatch), Wyoming, Big Horn Basin, C. W. Gilmore
in charge, assisted by G. F. Sternberg and George B. Pearce.
1936. Eocene (Wasatch), Paleocene (Puereo and Torrejon), and Pliocene, New
Mexico and Arizona, C. Lewis Gazin in charge, assisted by G. F. Stern-
berg and H. R. Shepherd.
1937. Upper Cretaceous (North Horn), Paleocene (Dragon), and Triassic
(Chinle), Utah, Emery County, and Arizona, vicinity of Petrified Forest,
C. W. Gilmore in charge, assisted by G. F. Sternberg and G. B. Pearce.
1938. Upper Cretaceous (North Horn), Paleocene (Dragon), and Eocene (Uinta).
Utah, Emery County, and Uinta Basin, C. Lewis Gazin in charge, assisted
by G. F. Sternberg and H. R. Shepherd.
1939. Upper Cretaceous (North Horn) and Paleocene (Dragon), Utah, Emery
County, C. Lewis Gazin in charge, assisted by G. F. Sternberg and
Franklin Pearce.
1940. Upper Cretaceous (North Horn), Paleocene (Dragon), Utah, Emery County,
and Hocene (Bridger), Wyoming, Uinta County, C. Lewis Gazin in charge,
assisted by G. F’. Sternberg and Franklin Pearce.
”
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF COLLECTING TRIPS FOR FOSSIL VERTEBRATES IN THE
MIOCENE ALONG CHESAPEAKE BAY AND OTHER LOCALITIES NEAR WASHING-
TON, D. C.
COLLECTING WAS CARRIED ON BY A CONSIDERABLE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS, WORKING FROM 1 TO 13
DAYS AT A TRIP. THE RECORD OF EARLY COLLECTING IS INCOMPLETE
1905-1914. Calvert Cliffs, Md.; F. W. True, collector.
1908: July 3, 7, 11, 18; August 1, 4, 12, 26; September 7. Plumpoint, Md.;
William Palmer, D. B. Mackie, N. H. Boss, James W. Gidley, and Marcus
W. Lyon, Jr.
1912: May 31. Plumpoint, Md.; William Palmer, A. C. Weed, and S. M. Gron-
berger.
1918: October. Dares Wharf and Plumpoint, Md. ; William Palmer.
1914:
1916:
1918:
1919:
1920:
1921:
1921:
1922:
1922):
1922:
1923:
1925:
1925:
1925:
1925:
1925:
1925:
1925:
1925:
1925:
1925:
1926:
1926:
1926:
1926:
1926:
1929:
1931:
1931:
1933
19385:
1936:
1936:
1986:
1938 :
1939:
1940:
1940:
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 329
June 2, 9-13. Dares Wharf and Plumpoint, Md.; N. H. Boss.
March 4. South Chesapeake Beach, Md. ; William Palmer.
August 23-26, 30-31; September 4-7. South Chesapeake Beach, Md.;
William Palmer and N. H. Boss.
July 16-19. Willows, Md.; N. H. Boss.
May 30-81; June 12, 27-29. South Chesapeake Beach, Md. ; N. H. Boss.
July 7-9. Willows, Md.; N. H. Boss.
August 1-8,8-12. South Chesapeake Beach, Md.; N. H. Boss.
July 811,13. Willows, Md.; N. H. Boss.
July 12. Plumpoint, Md.; N. H. Boss.
October 6-7 ; November 20-21. South Chesapeake Beach, Md. ; N. H. Boss.
December 30. Randle Cliffs to Camp Roosevelt, Md.; N. H. Boss and
Remington Kellogg.
June7. Randle Cliffs, Md.; N. H. Boss and Remington Kellogg.
July 26-27. Nomini Cliffs, Va.; Alexander Wetmore, E. A, Preble, and
Remington Kellogg.
August 15. Plumpoint to Governors Run, Md. ; Remington Kellogg.
August 22. Governors Run to Solomons Island, Md.; Remington Kellogg.
August 30. Dares Wharf to Plumpoint, Md. ; Remington Kellogg.
September 6. Dares Wharf, Md. ; Remington Kellogg.
September 12-14. Dares Wharf to Plumpoint, Md. ; Remington Kellogg.
September 20. Camp Roosevelt, Md. ; Remington Kellogg.
September 27. Plumpoint, Md.; N. H. Boss and Remington Kellogg.
November 22-23. St. Marys County, Md.; C. W. Gilmore, N. H. Boss, and
Remington Kellogg.
May 26. Plumpoint, Md.; N. H. Boss and Remington Kellogg.
May 30. Plumpoint, Md.; Remington Kellogg.
July 4. Fair Haven and Randle Cliffs, Md. ; Remington Kellogg.
July 18. Plumpoint, Md.; Remington Kellogg.
August 8. Dares Wharf to Plumpoint, Md.; Remington Kellogg and W.
Woodring.
August. Governors Run, Md.; A. Lincoln Dryden, Jr., Willard Berry,
William L. Jones, A. J. Poole, and Remington Kellogg.
August 14-20. Governors Run, Md.; A. Lincoln Dryden, Jr., and Remington
Kellogg.
October 30. St. Marys County, Md.; A. Lincoln Dryden, Jr., and Remington
Kellogg.
: August 9. Governors Run, Md.; Raymond M. Gilmore, C. Lewis Gazin, and
Remington Kellogg.
August 24-31. Governors Run, Md.; N. H. Boss and Remington Kellogg.
July 13. Parkers Creek, Md.: W. F. Foshag, Ed. Mullins, and Remington
Kellogg.
July 25. Parkers Creek, Md.; W. F. Foshag, Ed. Mullins, and Remington
Kellogg.
July 29. Randle Cliffs, Md.; C. W. Gilmore, Ed. Mullins and Remington
Kellogg.
March 27. Spindle farm, Occupacia Creek, Essex County, Va.; Remington
Kellogg and C. W. Gilmore. Hxamined skeleton in situ.
July 15-23. Parkers Creek, Md.; W. F. Foshag and Remington Kellogg.
June 6-8. Scientists Cliffs, Md.; W. F. Foshag, C. W. Gilmore, Remington
Kellogg, and H. 8S. Bryant.
August 3-17. Scientists Cliffs, Md.; W. F. Foshag and Remington Kellogg.
330 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
STUDY OR RESERVE COLLECTIONS
The collections designated as study or reserve comprise those speci-
mens that have been filed away for study, comparison, and reference
purposes. They constitute the bulk of the vertebrate fossils now assem-
bled. They contain many early types of more than ordinary interest,
since they are those that formed the basis for much of the scientific
work of Leidy, Cope, and Marsh and thus constitute the primary
foundation upon which much of modern paleontology of America is
based. These types are constantly in demand for examination and
comparison by paleontologists from other institutions of the country.
These collections now contain representative faunas of most of the
more important fossil-bearing formations of North America, together
with a sprinkling of foreign materials. Although some gaps still exist
and many assemblages need strengthening, taken as a whole it is now
one of the important fossil vertebrate collections in America.
In building up this collection, regular expeditions have been the
most prolific source of materials, and the history of these has been
covered under the heading “Expeditions,” page 323. In the pages to
follow, however, it is proposed to review some of the other sources
of material in order to give a complete picture of the growth and
development of the collection.
Gifts from individual donors have ever been an important source
of materials, but next in importance to the specimens obtained by
regularly organized expeditions are those received in exchange for
duplicate materials with kindred institutions. Such exchanges have
been made possible to a great extent by the large suites of duplicate
materials of Brontotheres, Z'eleoceras, and Plesippus of which the
Division of Vertebrate Paleontology is the fortunate possessor. Among
the more improtant specimens thus obtained were the following :
DINOSAURIA :
Gorgosaurus libratus—articulated skeleton.
Camarasaurus lentus—articulated skeleton.
Edmontosaurus regalis—skull and lower jaws.
Prosaurolophus maximus—skull and lower jaws.
MAMMALIA :
Stenomylus hitchcocki—articulated skeleton.
Scelidodon capellina—articulated skeleton.
Diceratherium cooki—composite skeleton.
Trigonias osborni—composite skeleton.
Moropus elatus—composite skeleton.
Equus occidentalis—composite skeleton.
Mylodon harlani—composite skeleton.
Aenocyon dirus—two composite skeletons.
Smilodon californicus—composite skeleton.
Since 1911 the curator of the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology
has endeavored to assemble in the National Museum as many of the
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 52
NATIONAL MUSEUM
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 53
Storage cases and cupboards for vertebrate collections, sho wing utilization of corridor.
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 331
scattered type and figured specimens of fossil vertebrates as could be
acquired by deposit, exchange, gift, or otherwise. Various institu-
tions and individuals generously responded to the logic of having these
important specimens centralized, their preservation guaranteed, and
their availability to students assured. In all, 156 such specimens have
now been assembled, of which 94 are original types as listed below.
The institutions and individuals that have contributed to the success
of this undertaking are: Geological Survey of Florida, Geological
Survey of Maryland, North Carolina Department of Agriculture,
Goucher College, Indiana State University, Johns Hopkins University,
Columbia University, Colorado Museum of Natural History, Colorado
College, Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Peabody Museum of Nat-
ural History, Earle Sloan, Oliver P. Hay, W. Gardner Lynn, R. Lee
Collins, Charles T. Berry, and Ermine C. Case.
PISCES:
Anomoedus latidens marylandicus Berry.
Berry, C. T., Amer. Midl. Nat., vol. 22, p. 746, fig. 1, 1939.
Carcharias incidens Eastman.
Eastman, C. R., Maryland Geol. Surv., Miocene, p. 87, pl. 32, fig. 8,
1904= Carcharhinus.
Felichthys stauroforus Lynn and Melland.
Lynn, W. G., and Melland, A. M., Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 29,
pp. 14-20, figs. 1-3, 1939.
Istiophorus calvertensis Berry.
Berry, E. W., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 43, p. 461, figs. 1, 2, 1917.
Myliobatis copeanus Clark.
Clark, W. B., Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ., vol. 15, p. 4, 1895.
Squatina occidentalis Eastman.
Eastman, C. R., Maryland Geol. Surv., Miocene, p. 71, pl. 28, figs. la, 1b,
1904.
Synechodus clarkii Hastman.
Eastman, C. R., Maryland Geol. Surv., Eocene, p. 103, pl. 14, figs. 5a—c,
1901.
Xiphias (?) radiata Clark.
Clark, W. B., Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., vol. 15, p. 4, 1895—Jsehyriza?
AMPHIBIA:
Crossotelos annulatus Case.
Case, E. C., 2d Ann. Rep. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Terr. Oklahoma, p. 65,
1901.
REPTILiA :
Amyda virginiana Clark.
Clark, W B., Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., vol. 15, p. 4, 1895.
Bystra nanus Hay.
Hay, O. P., 8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 53-55, pl. 1, 1916.
Chamops denticulatus Gilmore.
Gilmore, C. W., Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., vol. 22, pp. 26, 27, fig. 14, 1928.
Chamops segnis Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 43, p. 450, figs. 2, 3, 1892.
332 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM’ © vou. 90
Chelonia marylandica Collins and Lynn.
Collins, R. L., and Lynn, W. G., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 72, pp.
162-166, fig. 1, 1936.
Chelydra laticarinata Hay.
Hay, O. P., 8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 72-73, pl. 6, fig. 6, 1916.
Chelydra sculpta Hay.
Hay, O. P., 8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 73-75, pl. 6, fig. 8,
1916.
Cteniogenys antiquus Gilmore.
Gilmore, C. W., Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., vol. 22, pp. 162-163, pl. 20,
fig. 14, 1928.
Dryosaurus grandis Lull.
Lull, R. S., Maryland Geol. Surv., Lower Cretaceous, pp. 204-206,
pl. 19, figs. 6, 7, 1911=Ornithomimus ajfinis Gilmore.
Goniopholis affinis Lull.
Lull, R. S., Maryland Geol. Surv., Lower Cretaceous, p. 210, pl. 20,
He ONL
Glyptosaurus anceps Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 458, 1871=Ototriton
anceps (Marsh).
Glyptosaurus brevidens Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, p. 305, 1872.
Glyptosaurus nodosus Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 458, 1871.
Glyptosaurus ocellatus Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 458, 1871=G. sylvestris
Marsh.
Glyptosaurus princeps Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, p. 301, 1872.
Glyptosaurus rugosus Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, p. 305, 1872.
Glyptosaurus sphenodon Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 306, 1872.
Glyptosaurus sylvestris Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 458, 1871.
Gopherus praecedens Hay.
Hay, O. P., 8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 55-56, pl. 4, figs. 1,
2, 1916.
Hadrosaurus tripos Cope.
Cope, E. D., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 21, p. 192, 1869.
Hypsibema crassicauda Cope.
Cope, E. D., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 21, p. 192, 1869.
Iguanavus exilis Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, p. 309, 1872.
Iguanavus teres Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 48, p. 451, 1892.
Oreosaurus gracilis Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci, ser. 3, vol. 4, p. 307, 1872—Xestops
gracilis (Marsh).
Oreosaurus lentus Marsh,
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, p. 307, 1872—Xestops
lentus (Marsh).
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 333
Oreosaurus microdus Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 308, 1872—Xestops
microdus (Marsh).
Oreosaurus minutus Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, p. 308, 1872—Xestops
minutus (Marsh).
Oreosaurus vagans Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 303, 1872=—Xestops
vagans (Marsh).
Palaeophis virginianus Lynn.
Lynn, W. G., Johns Hopkins Univ. Stud. in Geol., No. 11, pp. 245-249,
pl. 17, fig. 6, 1984.
Peritresius virginianus Berry and Lynn.
Berry, C. T., and Lynn, W. G., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 76,
pp. 176-183, pis. 1-4, 1986.
Polydectes biturgidus Cope.
Cope, E. D., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, vol. 21, p. 192, 1869.
Pseudemys floridana persimilis Hay.
Hay, O.-P., 8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 71-72, pl. 5, fig. 6,
1916.
Taphrosphys miocenica Collins and Lynn.
Collins, R. L., and Lynn, W. G., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 76,
pp. 155-162, pl. 1, 1936.
Terrapene antipex Hay.
Hay, O. P., 8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 58-61, pl. 4, fig. 1;
Dios O16:
Terrapene formosa Hay.
Hay, O: P., 8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 57-58, pl. 4,
fig. 3, 1916.
Terrapene innoxia Hay.
Hay, O. P., 8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 61-64, pl. 6, figs. 1,
2, 1916.
Testudo culbertsoni Leidy.
Leidy, J., Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, vol. 6, p. 59, 1852=Stylemys
nebrascensis Leidy.
Testudo distans Hay.
Hay, O. P., 8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 48-49, pl. 3, fig. 9,
1916.
Testudo ducateli Collins and Lynn.
Collins, R. L., and Lynn, W. G., Proe. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 76,
pp. 166-171, pls. 3, 4, 19386.
Testudo equicornes Hay.
Hay, O. P., Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull., vol. 10, pp. 40-41, pl. 1, figs. 1-3;
Pe i, er LOE
Testudo hayi Sellards.
Sellards, E. H., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 42, p. 235, fig. 1, 1916.
Testudo incisa Hay.
Hay, O. P., 8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 46-48, pl. 3, fig. 5,
1916.
Testudo luciae Hay.
Hay, O. P., 8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 52-53, pl. 9,
fig. 5. 1916.
334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 90
Testudo ocalana Hay.
Hay, O. P., 8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 44-46, pl. 8, fig. 1;
pl. 9, figs. 1-8, 1916.
Testudo sellardsi Hay.
Hay, O. P., 8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 49-52, pl. 8, figs. 6-8,
1916.
Thecachampsa marylandica Clark.
Clark, W. B., Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ., vol. 15, p. 4, 1895.
Thinosaurus agilis Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci. ser. 3, vol. 4, p. 302, 1872=Saniwa
agilis (Marsh).
Thinosaurus crassus Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser.
crassa (Marsh).
Thinosaurus grandis Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, p..301, 1872=Saniwa
grandis (Marsh).
Thinosaurus leptodus Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer, Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, p. 300, 1872=—Saniava
ensidens Leidy.
Thinosaurus paucidens Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, p. 299, 1872—Saniwa
paucidens (Marsh).
Tinosaurus lepidus Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, p. 308, 1872—=Tinosaurus
stenodon Marsh.
Tinosaurus stenodon Marsh.
Marsh, O. C., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, p. 304, 1872.
Tomistoma americana Sellards.
Sellards, E. H., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 40, pp. 185-138, fig. 1,
1915.
Trachemys nuchocarinata Hay.
Hay, O. P., 8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 70-71, pl. 6, fig. 1,
1916.
Trinacromerum bentonianum Cragin.
Cragin, F. W., Amer. Geol., vol. 2, pp. 404407, 1888.
eo
vol. 4, p. 301, 1872—Saniwa
AVES:
Ardea sellardsi Shufeldt.
Shufeldt, R. W., Journ. Geol., vol. 25, p. 19, 1916.
Bathornis veredus Wetmore.
Wetmore, A., Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, pp. 11-18, figs.
19-24, 1927.
Jabiru weillsi Sellards.
Sellards, E. H., 8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., p. 146, pl. 26,
fig. 1, 1916.
Larus vero Shufeldt.
Shufeldt, R. W., 9th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., p. 40, pl. 2, fig. 21,
1917.
Palaeocrex fax Wetmore.
Wetmore, A., Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, pp. 9-11, figs.
15-18, 1927.
Palaeogyps prodromus Wetmore.
Wetmore, A., Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, pp. 5-9, figs. 7-14,
1927.
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 335
Phasmagyps patritus Wetmore.
Wetmore, A., Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, pp. 3-5, figs. 1-6,
1927.
Querquedula floridana Shufeldt.
Shufeldt, R. W., 9th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., p. 36, pl. 1, fig. 4;
pl. 2, fig. 25, 1917.
Sula avita Wetmore.
Wetmore, A., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 85, pp. 21-28, fig. 2, 1938.
MAMMALIA:
Agriotherium schneideri Sellards.
Sellards, E. H., 8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 98-100, pl. 12, figs.
1, 2, 1916.
Balaenoptera sursiplana Cope.
Cope, E. D., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 34, p. 151, 1895.
Canis riviveronis Hay.
Hay, O. P., 9th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 59-62, 1917.
Cephalotropis coronatus Cope.
Cope, E. D., Proce. Amer. Philos. Soe., vol. 35, p. 148, pl. 11, fig. 2, 1896.
Cetotherium crassangulum Cope.
Cope, HE. D., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 34, p. 168, 1895.
Cetotherium megalophysum Cope.
Cope, E. D., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 34, p. 146, 1895.
Hoplophoneus robustus Adams.
Adams, G. I., Amer. Nat., vol. 30, p. 49, pl. 1, fig. 4, 1896.
Mesocyon iamanonsis Sellards.
Sellards, E. H., 8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 88-89, pl. 11,
fig. 11, 1916.
Mesoteras kerrianus Cope.
Cope, E. D., Amer. Nat., vol. 4, p. 128, 1870.
Metopocetus durinasus Cope.
Cope, E. D., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 35, p. 141, pl. 9, fig. 3, 1896.
Odocoileus sellardsiae Hay.
Hay, O. P., 9th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., pp. 50-57, pl. 3, fig. 4,
1917.
Pelycorhamphus pertortus Cope.
Cope, E. D., Proe. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 34, p. 187, 1895.
Prepotherium venezuelanum Collins.
Collins, R. L., Johns Hopkins Univ. Stud. in Geol. No. 11, p. 238-242,
pls. 15, 16, 1984.
Priscodelphinus crassangulum Case.
Case, E. C., Maryland Geol. Surv., Miocene, pp. 12-13, pl. 11, 1904.
Prorosmarus alleni Berry and Gregory.
Berry, E. W., and Gregory. W. K., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 21,
pp. 444450, figs. 1-4, 1906.
Siphonocetus clarkianus Cope.
Cope, E. D., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 34, p. 140, pl. 6, fig. 4, 1895.
Tretulias buccatus Cope.
Cope, E. D., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 34, p. 143, pl. 6, fig. 2, 1895.
Ulias moratus Cope.
Cope, BE. D., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soec., vol. 34, p. 141, pl. 6, fig. 1, 1895.
Vulpes palmaria Hay.
Hay, O. P., 9th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., p. 57, 1917.
Xenorophus sloanii Kellogg.
Kellogg, R., Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 76, No. 7, pp. 1-7, pls. 1, 2, 1923.
336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
PRIVATE COLLECTIONS
In addition to the Marsh collection of vertebrate fossils brought
together under governmental auspices, the collections of the Division
have been augmented by a number of private collections acquired
either through gift or purchase. A brief history of the more im-
portant of these, arranged in chronological order, follows:
Lacoe collection—The very large and valuable Lacoe collection,
received as a gift in 1896 from the heirs of R. D. Lacoe, banker
of Pittston, Pa., and collector of fossils through many years, con-
sisted primarily of fossil plants and invertebrate (mainly insects of
late Paleozoic and Cenozoic forms) fossils, but it also contained
several hundred fish, amphibian, and reptilian remains. Some of
them are in a rare state of preservation; others from the Linton,
Ohio, coalfields, owing to the exhaustion of the coal mines, are
unique. The Tertiary was represented by specimens from the Eocene
(Green River shales) of Wyoming and from Switzerland; Triassic
by specimens from Great Britain, France, and the coalfields of Ohio,
Pennsylvania, and Mazon Creek, Grundy County, Ill. The collection
contained many types and figured specimens, including the unique
Isodectus punctulatus, thought to be the oldest known reptile.
Hambach collection—The WHambach collection was acquired
through purchase in 1908 by Frank Springer from Gustav Hambach,
of St. Louis, Mo., and presented to the United States National
Museum. The collection consisted principally of fossil Echino-
dermata (largely crinoids), but it contained also a considerable num-
ber of Paleozoic fish remains from this country and abroad, as well as
a few from the Shumard collection, which Professor Hambach had
previously acquired.
Orestes St. John collection—The St. John collection of Paleozoic
fishes was presented to the National Museum in 1922 by Frank
Springer, to whom it was bequeathed upon the death of Mr. St.
John. The collection consists of two parts: (1) A general collection
of Devonian invertebrate fossils made during Mr. St. John’s younger
days in Iowa; and (2) his large and extremely valuable collection
of selachian fish remains accumulated in connection with his special
studies, chiefly from the Carboniferous of the Mississippi Valley. It
contains numerous types and figured specimens of species described
by him in Illinois Reports and also much original material forming
the subject of further extensive researches never published. In addi-
tion to the product of his personal collecting during 40 years of
diversified field work, there is included a large quantity of very
choice cestraciont fish material obtained by Dr. Springer, largely
from a fortunate discovery in the Burlington limestone in Iowa;
and also two exceptionally fine collections from the Keokuk lime-
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 337
stone made, respectively, by Dr. G. A. Williams, of Booneville, Mo.,
and Lisbon A. Cox, of Keokuk, Iowa. These were purchased by
Mr. Springer and turned over to Mr. St. John together with his own,
for use in his researches.
Among other notable items in this important collection is a very
exceptional specimen from the Coal Measures of Kansas, the com-
plete dentition of a large Paleozoic shark in a more perfect state
of preservation than has ever been found elsewhere. This type
of Campodus (Agassizodus) variabilis, described in volume 4 of the
Illinois Reports, is regarded by ichthyologists as without a parallel
among its kind.
Teller collection —The Teller collection of invertebrates and fossil
fishes was assembled by the late Edgar E. Teller, of Milwaukee, Wis.
The entire assemblage, with his library, was received as a gift in
1924 from Mrs. Edgar E. Teller. The fish remains, consisting of
about 100 specimens, are all from the Devonian and all were collected
in and around Milwaukee. Included in the collection are a number
of figured specimens.
Palmer collection—The Palmer collection consisted entirely of
Miocene vertebrate fossils gathered by William Palmer, taxidermist
and naturalist in the United States National Museum, from the
Calvert formation along Chesapeake Bay, Md., It was purchased
by the Smithsonian Institution from his widow shortly after his
death in 1921. Throughout most of his life Mr. Palmer was an
indefatigable collector of natural-history specimens, but from 1908
to the time of his death his interests were largely devoted to the
collection of Miocene vertebrate fossils. Many of the specimens
secured were at once turned over to the Division of Vertebrate
Paleontology as gifts and were described by Dr. F. W. True, but a
considerable accumulation of specimens, including several extinct
porpoise skulls, most of them prepared, formed the basis of the
purchase.
Certain assemblages are outstanding, not only because of the quan-
tity of materials represented but more especially because of the high
quality of the preservation. Among these is the fossil cetacean collec-
tion, which ranks first among aggregations of the kind in American
museums. The bulk of this assemblage is from the prolific nearby
Miocene deposits of the Chesapeake Bay area, but the Gulf and Pacific
coasts are also represented by many well-preserved specimens. This
collection has resulted from the enthusiastic volunteer work of a con-
siderable number of collaborators of which the more active were: Head
Curator Frederick W. True, who pioneered in this work, about
1905-14; William Palmer, 1907-19; Norman H. Boss, 1914-35; Rem-
ington Kellogg, 1928-40; and R. L. Collins, 1935-88.
292963413
338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
In recent years, Dr. Remington Kellogg, through his extensive
researches on the Cetacea, has been the outstanding contributor to the
building up and development of the collections in this important group
of mammals,
INFLUENCE OF EXPOSITIONS
Although the Smithsonian Institution has participated in prac-
tically all the expositions of this country and many abroad, beginning
with the Centennial in Philadelphia in 1876,7* the Division of Verte-
brate Paleontology was not called upon to contribute to these exhibi-
tions until 1895. Since then, however, it has participated in the follow-
ing: The Cotton States and International Exposition, Atlanta, Ga.,
1895; the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition, Omaha,
Nebr., 1898; the Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, N. Y., 1901; the
Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, Mo., 1904; the Lewis and
Clark Exposition, Portland, Oreg., 1905; the Sesquicentennial Expo-
sition, Philadelphia, Pa., 1926; and the Texas Centennial Exposition,
Dallas, Tex., 1936-87.
Participation in these expositions of national and international
scope has yielded noteworthy advantages in the fact that the work
of the division was made known to the people at large and in the
opportunities offered by direct appropriations that could be expended
for the purchase of specimens, the making of models, restorations,
and paintings illustrative of extinct life. This illustrative material
and a considerable number of choice specimens (listed below) have
thus been added to the permanent collections:
1895, ATLANTA: A complete model restoration of the skeleton of Basilosaurus
cetoides, life size.
1898, OMAHA: Lisbon A. Cox Collection of Paleozoic fish remains purchased.
1901, BurraLo: A restoration in oil (8 by 15 feet) of Triceratops, painted by
Charles R. Knight, W. K. Stone, and Joseph Gleeson. Model restoration
life size of Triceratops skeleton. Skeleton of Hesperornis regalis and
Dinornis crassus purchased.
1904, St. Louris: Life-size restoration of Stegosaurus stenops. Skeleton of Mas-
todon americanus. Skeletons of Jchthyosaurus quadricissus, Rham-
phorhynchus phyllurus, Stenosaurus bollensis, and many fishes of large
size (Aspidorhynchus, Caturus, Hypsocormus, Gyrodus, Pholidophorus,
Squatina) purchased.
1905, PorTLAND: Epyornis marimus egg purchased.
1926, PHILADELPHIA: 12-foot skeleton of Portheus molossus Cope. 'Three skele-
tons of Protostega gigas Cope and two partial skeletons of Platycarpus
purchased. Restoration of Protostega gigas painted by R. Bruce
Horsfall.
Dr. J. Leidy (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, vol. 8, p. 213) stated that a lust
molar of Hlephas columbi from Beaufort, S. C., was included in the exhibit made by the
Smithsonian Institution at the Centennial in Philadelphia in 1876.
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 339
1986-37, DALLas: Skeletons of Diatryma gigas Cope and Glyptosaurus gigan-
teus Gilmore. Distal half of a hadresaurian Corythosaurus skeleton
with skin impressions and a complete tail of Camarasaurus all pur-
chased. Life restoration (canvas 8 by 15 feet) and a model restoration
of Camarasaurus lentus Marsh, painted by R. Bruce Horsfall. Restora-
tion of Permian life, canvas 8 by 15 feet, with Dimetrodon as the domi-
nant figure, painted by Garnet W. Jex, and a diorama illustrative of
the dinosaurian life of the Morrison formation.
EXHIBITS
The earliest exhibition of extinct vertebrate animals made by the
Smithsonian histitution consisted of plaster casts of the giant sloth
Megatherium cuvieri, the large land tortoise Colossochelys atlas, and
the South American glyptodon Schistopleurum typus, which were
“set up” in the large room of the Smithsonian Institution in 1871.
In 1872, a skeleton of the Pleistocene Irish elk (Afegaceros hibernicus),
which had been purchased from Thomas & Sons, of Philadelphia, in
1868, was mounted and placed on view, and this specimen thus has
the distinction of being the first articulated skeleton of an extinct
animal to be placed on public exhibition in the Smithsonian Institu-
tion.” At this same time a model restoration of the Irish elk was
placed on deposit by Waterhouse Hawkins.
With the completion of the new building in 1881 (now known as
the Arts and Industries Building), the Irish elk, the Megatherium,
and other large casts were transferred to it from the Smithsonian.
These, together with a few fragmentary specimens from the Western
States, resulting from the early Government surveys, constituted for a
time the principal part of the exhibition series. A skeletal restoration
of the famous Hadrosaurus foulkii, from the original in the Acad-
emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, also formed a part of
this early exhibition of extinct animals. An old photograph taken
some time after the occupancy of the new building shows the Had-
rosaurus associated with the skeletal cast of the Megatherium and
skeletons of recent animals. No record has been found of this speci-
men, but Dr. Schuchert, under date of May 18, 1939, writes: “This
restoration of Hadrosaurus was made for the United States National
Museum for the Centennial Exposition. When I joined the National
Museum, Dr. Goode told me the Hadrosaurus had long stood in front
of the Museum and had weathered so badly that it was destroyed
a few years before my arrival in 1893.” Following the organization
22,4 curious coincidence is the fact that the first skeleton to be exhibited (1844) in the
British Museum was also a skeleton of Megaceros hibernicus. Skeletons of the “Irish elk”
were the first to be exhibited in both the American Museum of Natural History, New York
City, and the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh.
340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
of the Department of Vertebrate Fossils in 1886, and the appointment
of Prof. O. C. Marsh as honorary curator in 1887, the southeast
court space was assigned to the exhibition of fossil vertebrates, inver-
tebrates, and plants.
There was a small intermittent growth of the exhibition collec-
tions, the preparation and installation that was necessary being done
by the osteologists under the direction of F. A. Lucas.
In December 1890 John B. Hatcher was given temporary appoint-
ment as assistant to Professor Marsh for the purpose of arranging
and classifying the collections that had been assembled. The exhibi-
tion was given a fresh impetus in July 1891 with the arrival from New
Haven of the second consignment of the Marsh collection. It con-
sisted of 880 prepared specimens made up as follows: 3 ceratopsian
skulls, including the type of Triceratops elatus, 10 titanothere skulls,
representing several genera; skulls and other remains of Teleoceras
fossiger; other Tertiary fossils and some rare plaster casts. Owing
to the gradual growth of the exhibition series, especially augmented
by the acquisitions from the Marsh collection, in 1898 the entire
southeast court was given over to vertebrate fossils.
In 1899 a papier-maché cast of the skeleton of Dinoceras presented
by Professor Marsh was mounted and placed on exhibition. In 1902
a mounted skeleton of Hesperornis regalis, first shown at the Pan
American Exposition in Buffalo, was returned to the Museum and
placed in the permanent exhibition series. With the acquisition of
the Marsh collection and the employment of trained preparators from
1900 onward, there was a slow but steady growth and improvement
of the exhibition collections. In 1903 the type skeleton of Thespesius
(Trachodon) annectens was mounted under the direction of Lucas,
the first articulated skeleton of a dinosaur to be exhibited in the Na-
tional Museum. This specimen has the further distinction of being
the second dinosaur skeleton to be thus exhibited in North America,
first honors going to a companion skeleton in the Peabody Museum
of Natural History at Yale that was placed on exhibition in 1901.
When the writer came to the National Museum in November 1903,
the ground floor of the southeast court in the Old National Museum
Building was entirely occupied by an exhibition of vertebrate fossils.
This exhibition was all arranged by Mr. Lucas as acting curator,
although his main duties were elsewhere in the Museum. The out-
standing specimens comprised skeletons of /egaceros hibernicus, T hes-
pesius (Trachodon) annectens, Hesperornis regalis, and a skeleton of
Basilosaurus cetoides, the bones of the last being laid out in order on a
shelf in a wall case on the north side that extended entirely across
the court. A modeled restoration of the skeleton (later sent to the
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 341
British Museum in exchange) was suspended from the underside of
the baleony above the original. There were also plaster casts of
Dinoceras, Megatherium, Dinotherium, and Schistopleurum, the orig-
inal hind limbs and pelvis of Z’riceratops, and a hind leg and foot
of Apatosaurus (Brontosaurus). 'The other wall cases and slope-
top diaphragm cases that occupied the remaining floor space were
filled with a various assortment of fossil skulls and other skeletal
parts of mammals, reptiles, and fishes.
In 1904 the type skulls of 7’riceratops calicornis and Triceratops
(Diceratops) hatcheri, a skeleton of Mastodon americanus (returned
from the St. Louis Exposition), a life-size restoration of Stegosaurus
stenops, and a skeleton of Dinornis were added to the exhibition
series. In 1905 a composite skeleton of Zriceratops elatus, the first
of this genus to be thus displayed, was installed. The addition of
these specimens brought about the retirement of several cases of in-
ferior materials. These constituted the exhibition collections until
the New Natural History Building was cccupied in 1910. Here, for
the first time in the history of the Division, adequate and commo-
dious exhibition, storage, and laboratory space was provided. Show
specimens were assigned to halls 2 and 3, which aggregated 13,950
square feet of exhibition room, besides much wall space.
When the Division moved into the new building many of the older
specimens were renovated, most of the skeletal casts were retired,
several new specimens were added, and, as a new style of case was
provided, the exhibition took on a very much improved appearance
(see pls. 49 and 50), although the specimens were far too few to fill
the allotted space.
From 1910 up to the present time there has been a slow but steady
growth of the exhibition collections, until at the close of the year
1940 there were more than 50 mounted skeletons, ranging in size
from the small 14-inch horned rodent /pigaulus hatcheri to the 72-
foot Diplodocus longus.
A complete list of the mounted skeletons is given later, but some
of the more outstanding of these are worthy of special mention. The
articulated skeleton of Basilosaurus cetoides, prepared under the di-
rection of Charles Schuchert and mounted under the direction of
the late James W. Gidley, is the only specimen of its kind thus far
exhibited. The type skeleton of Ceratosaurus nasicornis, althougi
discovered more than 50 years ago, is also unique in being the only
known specimen of its kind. The assemblage of Stegosaurus speci-
mens, consisting of an articulated skeleton in the rock as found, is
the only one known that furnishes positive information as to the
arrangement of the dermal plates; an articulated skeleton of this
342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
same genus, together with a life-size restoration made for the St.
Louis Exposition in 1904, constitutes a unique representation of this
curious armored dinosaur.
Three skeletons of the mastodon race of proboscidians, a male and
a female of Mastodon americanus from the Pleistocene, and a skele-
ton of Stegomastodon arizonae from the Pliocene of Arizona are
adequate examples of this important group of animals.
The outstanding addition to the collection, especially as it relates
to time and money expended, is the skeleton of Diplodocus longus
from the Dinosaur National Monument in Utah. The work of col-
lecting this specimen occupied the energies of 5 men for 4 months to
quarry out, transport, box, and ship the 26 tons of rock-enclosed
bones. From first to last, 2,545 working days were spent on this
specimen, which, translated into Government time, means 1 man
working steadily for nearly 9 years. It constitutes the most ambitious
single piece of exhibition work ever attempted by this Division.
All classes of vertebrates are now represented in the exhibition
series, which contains many well-preserved skeletons. Little attempt
has been made to bring about a systematic arrangement of these
materials, more stress being given to displaying the larger specimens,
so as to make them as well as the exhibition halls appear to the best
advantage.
With the acquisition of better-preserved specimens, the practice
has been followed of retiring inferior materials from time to time.
This has added greatly to the attractiveness of the exhibition as a
whole, as well as increasing its educational value to the public.
To some extent the exhibition has been embellished by the addition
of large canvases depicting the life appearance of various animals
in their natural habitat. The more important of these are: A resto-
ration (8 by 15 feet) of Z'riceratops by Charles R. Knight, W. K.
Stone, and Joseph Gleeson; a restoration of Camarasaurus by
R. Bruce Horsfall; and a restoration of Dimetrodon and other Per-
mian reptiles by Garnet W. Jex. A diorama returned from the
Dallas Exposition depicts some of the animals of the Jurassic period
in their natural environment. Other illustrative materials consisting
of model restorations of various animals, done by Knight, Lull,
Gidley, and Gilmore, serve as an aid to visitors in visualizing the
probable appearance in life of these long extinct animals.
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE
345
TaBLE 2.—Chronological list of mounted fossil skeletons in the U. 8S. National
Museum
MOUNTED IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
Skeleton Year Mounted by—
1. Megaceros hibernicus Owen_---- 1872
2. Hesperornis regalis Marsh_----- 1901 J. W. Scollick, remounted by N.
H. Boss, 1911.
3. Thespesius (Trachodon) annec- 1903 | Alban Stewart.
tens Marsh (type).
4. Mastodon americanus (Kerr)__--| 1903 Do.
5. Triceratops elatus Marsh_- ----- 1905 C. W. Gilmore and N. H. Boss.
GanUi-stisnepelacusae= one aa = 1905 N. H. Boss, remounted by T. J.
Horne, 1913.
7. Merycoidodon gracilis Leidy-_---- 1906 C. W. Gilmore.
8. Dinornis maximus Geoffroy _ ~~ -- 1907 N. H. Boss.
9. ea ta nasicornis Marsh 1910 C. W. Gilmore and N. H. Bess.
(type).
10. Camptosaurus browni Gilmore 1911 C. W. Gilmore.
(type).
Li, Cee nanus Marsh 1911 N. H. Boss.
type).
12. Basilosaurus cetoides (Owen)__--| 1912 J. W. Gidley and W. HB. Wade.
13. Diceratherium cooki (Peterson)__|} 1912 T. J. Horne.
14. Teleoceras fossiger Cope_-_------ 1912 Do.
15. Stegosaurus stenops Marsh (type)} 1913 N. H. Boss and C. V. Bressler.
16. Kentriodon perniz Kellogg (type)-| 1914 N. H. Boss.
ee Pe ee neglectus Gilmore 1914 N. H. Boss and C. V. Bressler.
type).
18. Epigaulus hatcheri Gidley (type)-| 1915 T. J. Horne.
19. Gulo luscus (Linnaeus) _-------- 1915 Do.
20. Aenocyon dirus (Leidy) -------- 1915 Do.
21. Platygonus cumberlandensis Gid- 1915 Do.
ley.
22. Mastodon americanus (Kerr)_--| 1916 Do.
23. Sinopa grangeri Matthew (type)_| 1917 Do.
24. Stegosaurus stenops Marsh__---- 917 Do.
25. Dimetrodon gigas Cope__------- 1918 Do.
26. Tylosaurus proriger Cope-_------ 1919 N. H. Boss
27. Brachyceratops montanensis Gil- 1920 Do.
more (type).
28. Brontotherium hatchert Osborn_-_| 1920 T. J. Horne.
29. Euarctos vitabilis Gidley___.--__| 1921 Do.
30. Saniwa ensidens Leidy (type)---| 1922 N. H. Boss.
31: eee arizonae Gidley 1922 T. J. Horne.
type).
32. Bison occidentalis Lucas_------- 1923 N. H. Boss.
33. Diceratherium (slab)_....------ 1923 Do.
34. en arizonae Gidley 1924 T. J. Horne.
type).
35. Protostega gigas Cope---------- 1926 N. H. Boss.
36. Portheus molossus Cope- --- ~~~ - 1926 | T. J. Horne.
37. Diplodocus longus Marsh_------ 1931 N. H. Boss, T. J. Horne, and
J. M. Barrett.
38. Hyrachyus eximius Leidy—-_----- 19384 N. H. Boss.
39. Helaletes nanus Marsh_-_-_-~- ~~~ 1934 Do.
40. Trigonias osborni Lucas_-_---__- 1934 T. J. Horne.
41. Moropus elatus Marsh_~__-_-_-__-- 1936 Do.
42. Platygonus pearcei Gazin (type)-| 1936 N. H. Boss.
43. Scarritia canquelensis Simpson_-_| 1937 Do.
44, Plesippus shoshonensis Gidley 1938 T. J. Horne.
(stallion).
45. Polyglyphanodon sternbergi Gil- 1938 N. H. Boss.
more.
344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
TABLE 2.—Chronological list of mounted fossil skeletons in the U. S. National
Museum—Continued
Skeleton ‘Year Mounted by—
46. Plesippus shoshonensis Gidley 1939 T. J. Horne.
(mare).
47. Plesippus shoshonensis (half 1939 Do.
grown).
MOUNTED ELSEWHERE
48. Hoplophoneus robustus Adams
(ype) 222 Se a Re ea ee Adam Hermann, A. M. N. H.
49. Stenomylus hitchcocki Loomis__-| 1919 A. Augustina, C. M.
50. Gorgosaurus libratus Lambe_-_--_|-------- Peter Kaisen, A. M. N. H.
HileeVierycoadus necatussbeidye- 2-42-22 PAC) Orr; ey MINE
52. Ichthyodectes hamatus Cope-_----|-------- G. F. Sternberg.
Hoe eH IMNeUSNCTAaSSits| O wena a ees | So ee
AMP ENEUS CTOSSUS O Welles == ae |e ee
55. Stenomylus hitchcocki Loomis_ - -|-----~--- Hugh Gibb, P. M. N. H.
CATALOGS
The catalog system first used by the Museum was that devised in
April 1839 by Professor Baird at Carlisle, Pa., while engaged in
work upon his private collection of birds. When he became Assistant
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in 1850, his system was
adopted for the Government collections.
When cataloging was first begun it was found more convenient. to
keep the records of the several collections in one book, although as
pointed out by Mr. Geare ** the catalog for the skeletons, including
both recent and fossil, was started in 1840.
This double arrangement was continued through the first four
volumes of this series as follows:
Vol. I, Nos. 1 to 3,500 original and copy in the Division of Mammals. Covers
the period between 1840 and 1859.
Vol Ii, Nos. 3,501 to 8,850, original and copy in the Division of Mammals.
Covers the period between March 12, 1859, to May 1869.
Vol. ITI, Nos. 8,851 to 15,800, original in the Division of Mammals. Covers the
period between May 1869 to December 1877.
Vol. IV, Nos. 14,501 to 18,330, original in the Division of Mammals. Covers
the period between December 1879 to October 26, 1888.
It will be noted that the entries in the fourth volume duplicate
1,299 numbers of the preceding volume. Examination of the original
volumes shows that the entries also were repeated, so that there is no
actual duplication of catalog numbers.
*3 Geare, R. I., Museum catalogues, Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1889, p. 8, 1891.
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 345
With the closing of this volume a new system was put into effect,
the fossil specimens being entered in a separate book, designated as
Volume VII. This was the current catalog for the “Department of
Vertebrate Fossils.” The entries begin at 30,701, and on March 26,
1891, when the book was discontinued, they had been carried as far as
No. 31,025. This volume is now in the custody of the Division of
Vertebrate Paleontology. Many of these numbers still remain on
the specimens, in addition to the current catalog numbers.
In 1889 a card catalog was started by F. A. Lucas of all the verte-
brate fossils belonging to the Museum collections that had been
entered in the earlier volumes of this series.
On November 21, 1891, a new system of cataloging vertebrate
fossils was inaugurated. The entries commenced with No. 1 and
continued consecutively, with 5,000 entries to the volume. This
method has been continued up to the present time, the numbers now
reaching 16,591. All those specimens deemed worthy of retention in
the collections that were entered in the earlier volumes were included
here, but each was assigned a new catalog number.
Some time after 1908 (the exact date is not known), the entries in
the catalog books were supplemented by duplicate cards for each entry ;
these cards were filed in an alphabetical and a zoological series under
each class of vertebrates, as Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and
Mammalia. This arrangement makes it possible to get information
regarding a specimen in different ways. If the catalog number only
is available, the volume carrying the corresponding number should
be consulted; if the name only is available then the alphabetical list
is the most direct means. If information is desired as to available
material in a group, the zoological series gives it.
The first entry to be made in the current system is “No. 1, Mosasaur
tooth, collected by W. S. Yates, February 11, 1881, in Greene County
North Carolina.” The first entry of a vertebrate fossil in any of the
catalogs was in Volume I, “No. 929, Fossil Seal, Cast of bone of
hand, from Dr. Jeffries Wyman, entered in 1852.”
Cards of type specimens have the original citation, and a red
star is placed in the upper right corner; in the case of plesiotypes
or figured specimens a blue star is similarly placed on the card with
the citation.
THE PRINCIPAL ACCESSIONS TO THE DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE
PALEONTOLOGY TO THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR 1940
The following list of accessions, arranged in chronological order,
includes only those collections or specimens that have been of im-
portance in building up the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology or
346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
are associated with its history. The records of the early years are
unfortunately incomplete, but most of the specimens of this period
were inferior in quality of preservation. This list has been to a
great extent compiled from the annual reports, and since the fiscal
year (introduced in 1885) runs from July 1 to June 30 of the follow-
ing year, many of the specimens and collections may have been col-
lected or acquired in the calendar year preceding the annual report
dates used here.
1850
A small lot of Oligocene Mammalia from the “Mauvaises Terres,”
or Badlands, of Dakota Territory was collected for the Smithsonian
Institution by Thaddeus A. Culbertson. This collection, with other
materials, formed the basis of Dr. Joseph Leidy’s report “The Ancient
Fauna of Nebraska” (Smithsonian Contr. Knowl., vol. 6, No. 58,
126 pp., 1853).
1851
A collection of fossil vertebrates from the Badlands of Dakota
Territory was presented by Capt. Stewart Van Vlet, U. S. Army.
Plaster cast of a fossil seal bone from Maryland was presented by
Dr. Jeffries Wyman.
1853
Vertebrate remains from the exploring expeditions under the direc-
tion of Dr. David Dale Owen were deposited by the Commissioner of
the United States Land Office. It is quite certain that these specimens
were the ones collected by Dr. John Evans in 1849 and 1853 from the
Oligocene of the Badlands of Dakota Territory.
1855
Shark teeth and mastodon bones from the Pleistocene of Florida
were presented by Capt. John C. Casey, United States Army. Mrs.
Mary Hereford presented bones of “Zeuglodon” from a mar] bed in
Calvert County, Md.
1858
The bulk of the collections of the National Institute was transferred
to the Smithsonian Institution. See page 311 for list of fossil
specimens.
1859
The type specimen of Dystrophaeus viaemalae, collected by Dr. J. S.
Newberry of the Macomb Expedition from the Jurassic of southern
Utah, was deposited by the War Department (Cope, E. D., Proc.
Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 16, p. 581, 1877).
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 347
1860
Pleistocene fossils from Canada were presented by Prof. J. W. Daw-
son. A horse tooth from Big Bone Lick was presented by the Hon.
Robert Mallory.
1861
An important collection of fossil fishes from Mount Blane was
received from A. Repetti.
1864
‘Tooth of mastodon from Kansas was presented by Lt. Edwin 'T.
Berthoud, United States Army. A box of Lias fossil ganoid fishes
from Barrow, Leicestershire, England, was presented by E. D. Cope.
An elephant tooth from Las Vegas, N. Mex., was presented by Andres
Dold.
1866
A lower molar tooth of Hlephas columbi from the Pleistocene, Petite
Anse, Iberia Parish, La., was presented by J. F. Clew (Hay, O. P.,
Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 322a, p. 57, 1924).
1867
Col. C. S. Bulkley, Overland (Western Union) Telegraph Expedi-
tion, presented a tusk of the mammoth Elephas primigenius from
Bering Strait, Alaska. Miocene fossils from Maryland were presented
by O. N. Byron; a vertebra of a fossil saurian from Aquia Creek, Va.,
was presented by E. A. Dayton; and bones of a mastodon from
Buenos Aires, Argentina, were presented by H. R. Helper.
1868
A complete skeleton of Megaceros hibernicus, “Irish elk,” from the
peat bogs of Ireland, was purchased, and a fine head with antlers of
the same animal was received as a gift from O. C. Marsh.
1869
Among the donations were: One box of fossil bones and teeth from
Wyoming Territory presented by Dr. Charles H. Alden, U.S. Army;
one box of fossils and minerals from Fort Bridger, Wyoming Terri-
tory, from J. V. Carter; teeth of fossil horse from Illinois presented
by Mr. Dille; one box of prehistoric remains from France sent by Prof.
E. Lartet ; saurian remains from New Mexico, presented by Dr. W. B.
Lyons; teeth and bones of mastodon from the Pleistocene of Florida
presented by Peter Nelson; tooth of Hguus complicatus and bones of
a young mastodon from Washington County, Va., presented by Wynd-
ham Robinson (Hay, O. P., Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 322,
pp. 113, 189, 1923). A collection of fossil bones from Mount Pikermi,
Greece, was received from the Museum of Natural History, Athens,
Greece.
348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
1870
Prof. Charles F. Himes presented a collection of bones from Carlisle
bone cave, Pennsylvania. Dr. Carl Hermann Berendt donated a fos-
sil fish from Mexico. Dr. J. A. Fitzgerald presented teeth from Indian
Territory (Oklahoma). Horatio N. Pease presented a tooth of fossil
cetacean from Gay Head, Mass., and Andrew Sherwood presented
Devonian fish remains from Pennsylvania.
1871
A cast of the giant sloth Megatheriwm cuvieri from South America
was presented by Prof. Henry A. Ward. Casts of the gigantic turtle
Colossochelys atlas and of a South American glyptodont (Schistopleu-
gum typus) were purchased. The last mentioned is still on exhibition ;
the others have been discarded. George H. Lewis presented an incom-
plete turtle from Atlantic City, Montana Territory.
1872
One box of fossil bones from Sonora, Mexico, was presented by Gen.
James H. Carleton. A model of the Irish elk was placed on deposit
by Waterhouse Hawkins. A tooth of Ptychodus was presented by
G. H. Kalteyer.
1873
The Canterbury Museum at Christ Church, New Zealand, through
its director, Julius Haast, presented a collection of moa bones, among
which were skeletons of Dinornis giganteus and Palapteryex elephan-
topus and leg bones of Dinornis gracilis, D, casuarius, and D. didi-
jormis.
1874
A cast of the skull of Odontopteryx toliapica was presented by
Bryce M. Wright. From the Wasatch and Miocene of New Mexico, an
important collection of fossils was transferred by the War Depart-
ment. These specimens were collected by H. C. Yarrow and E. D. Cope
of the United States Geographical Survey West of the One-hundredth
Meridian in charge of Lt. George M. Wheeler. The collections were
described by Cope in the report of that expedition, vol. 4, 1877. The
Heidelberg University Museum, through Professor Pagenstecher, pre-
sented a skeleton of Halitherium schinzi.
Fossil bones from Florida were presented by N. B. Moore. L. G.
Yates presented a cast of the teeth of a mastodon from Solano County,
Calif. (Hay, O. P., Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 322b, p. 11,
1927).
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 349
1875
Donations included specimens of fossil teeth and bones from Badito.
Colo., by F. W. Fouch; cast of shark’s tooth, by Clark Mills; cast of
fossil tooth from Iowa, by Dr. C. A. White; and a fossil fish from
Wyoming Territory, by J. W. A. Wright.
1876
A collection of fossil bones from the Miocene of Oregon was pre-
sented by 8. S. Davis and William Day; a plaster cast of the Cahoes
mastodon (lower jaw), New York, by Dr. James Hall; fossil bones
and teeth from Nebraska by Sgt. J. A. Leigh, U. S. Army; and a
fossil bone from Texas by Brownson & Ce.
1877
The following donations were received: A collection of bones from
a cave in Ohio from W. Anderson; portions of mammoth tusk from
Seth Beach; jaw of fossil Macropus from Queensland from Dr. Ben-
nett; a collection of bones from a cave near Hagerstown, Md., through
Prof. Charles F. Himes; fossil bones from Wyoming from F. Hirst;
a fossil fish from California from Otis T. Mason; tooth of Hquus
oceidentalis from West Virginia from R. F. Taggart.
1878
Donations were as follows: Box of fossil fishes from Connecticut
from J. H. Clarke; two fossil horse teeth from C. H. Horod; plaster
cast of elephant tusk found near Copenhagen, N. Y., from Dr. F. B.
Hough; teeth of fossil elephant, horse, and shark from Bull River,
S.C., from J. W. Quinlion.
1879
Plaster cast of the femur of Atlantosaurus immanis was presented
by O. C. Marsh.
1880
A large series of mammal and some reptilian materials collected in
the Badlands of South Dakota were received from Capt. Emmet Craw-
ford, U.S. Army. These were forwarded to O. C. Marsh for inves-
tigation. <A skull of Castorotdes ohioensis from the Pleistocene of
Michigan was received in exchange with Prof. J. Kost, of Adrian
College (Hay, O. P., Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 322, p. 275,
1923).
350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 90
1881
An important collection of Pliocene Peace Creek fossils from near
Arcadia, De Soto County, Fla., was presented by J. F. La Baron.
The collection was described by Dr. J. Leidy (Trans. Wagner Free
Inst., vol. 2, 1889). The type of Procyon simus from the Pleistocene
of California was collected and presented by L. Stone (Gidley, J. W.,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 29, pp. 553-554, 1906).
1882
Donations included: Vertebra of a whale, Miocene, Stafford Cliffs,
Va., presented by H. C. Harmon; fossil bones and teeth from Beau-
fort, S. C., from Mrs. J. E. Jouett; plaster cast of Rhamphorhynchus
phyllurus showing wing membrane was presented by O. C. Marsh; a
box of fossil mammals, Myodes and Lagomys, from Germany from
Prof. A. L. Nehring; and a vertebra of a whale from Patuxent River,
Md., from T. J. Stone.
1883
A valuable collection of bones and relics from Kent’s Cavern, near
Lamorna Torquay, England, as a gift from Lord Holdon, received
through William Pengelly, who was asked to prepare a treatise on
this subject to be published by the Smithsonian Institution. Other
donations were a tooth of Hqiwus caballus from South Carolina, from
J. P. Caldwell; two boxes of mastodon, H’quus, and Mylodon bones
from New Iberia, La., from William Crooks (Leidy, Joseph, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1884, p. 22; Trans. Wagner Free Inst.,
vol. 2, pp. 35, 1889) ; fossil fishes from Ohio from R. N. Fearson; a
fossil bone, tooth, and rib from Tampa Bay, Fla., from Elias
Hempstead.
1885
A collection of 20 species of Pleistocene animals from near Whites-
burg, Hamblen County, Tenn., collected by Ira Sayles Cae Ones
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 85, 1921).
1886
A collection of 72 large boxes of fossil vertebrates, a portion of the
Marsh collection, was transferred to the Museum by the United States
Geological Survey. Bones and teeth of a Mastodon from the Pleisto-
cene of Kansas were presented by Dr. A. G. Chase.
1887
A small collection of Pleistocene fossils from near Rogersville, Tenn.,
was presented by James W. Rogan (Hay, O. P., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 58, p. 83, 1921).
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 351
1888
A small collection of Oligocene vertebrates, including Testudo
owent, type of Testudo culbertsoni, Archaeotherium mortoni, Rhinoc-
eros sp., and Oreodon culbertsoni (Owen’s Report of the Geological
Survey of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota, 1852) was deposited by
Indiana State University.
A small collection of tortoise and bird bones from Mascarene Islands
was received in exchange with the Museum of Cambridge University,
Cambridge, England. A skull of Z’horacosaurus neocesariensis from
the Cretaceous, Aquia Creek, Va., was presented by Nelson C. Page.
1889
A plaster cast of the skeleton of Phenacodus primaevus was pur-
chased from E. D. Cope; a collection of the fossil fish Leuciseus turneri
from the Miocene of Esmeralda County, Nev., was transferred by the
United States Geological Survey (Lucas, F. A., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 23, pp. 333-334, 1900).
1891
A partial skull of Bison latifrons from the Pleistocene of the Willa-
lacoochee River, Fla., was presented by Gen. 4. W. Colby (Hay, O. P.,
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 767, 1898).
1892
A most important accession was a collection of 380 prepared speci-
mens, a second consignment from the Marsh collection, transferred by
the United States Geological Survey. It contained three ceratopsian
skulls, including the type of 7’riceratops elatus (Marsh, O. C., Amer.
Journ. Sci., vol. 42, p. 265, 1891), from the Lance, Upper Cretaceous,
of Wyoming; a series of 10 titanothere skulls representing several
genera from the Oligocene of Nebraska and South Dakota; skulls and
other remains of 7’e/eroceras fossiger from the Pliocene of Long Island,
Kans.; and a few other Tertiary fossils and some rare casts.
A collection of mammalian fossils from the estate of Joseph Leidy
was transmitted as a gift by the United States Geological Survey.
1893
A small collection of mammalian specimens collected by Frank
Burns from the Miocene of Maryland and Virginia was transmitted
by the United States Geological Survey.
L894
The most important accession was a collection of Basilosaurus ce-
toides specimens made for the Smithsonian Institution by Charles
Schuchert from the Jackson, Upper Eocene, of Choctaw County, Ala. :
352 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ‘NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 90
Skull and lower jaws; a series of 24 dorsal vertebrae, 15 dorsal ribs,
sternal bones of a second individual, and numerous other bones (Kel-
loge, R., Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 482, pp. 7-20, 1938). A
skull of Castoroides ohioensis from the Pleistocene near Logansport,
Ind., was presented by L. S. McFadin (Lyon, Marcus W., Amer. Midl.
Nat., vol. 17, No. 1, figs. 81, 82, 1986). The type skull and lower jaw of
Mesoteras kerrianus (Cope, E. D., Amer. Nat., vol. 4, p. 128, 1870) were
presented by the State Museum of North Carolina.
1895
A skull of Portheus molossus from the Niobrara, Upper Cretaceous,
of Kansas was received in exchange from Edward E. Howell; a skull
of Bison from the Pleistocene of Kansas was presented by Dr. A. G.
Chase; a skeleton of Jchthyosaurus quadricissus from the Jurassic of
Lyme Regis, England, was received in exchange with the Wagner
Free Institute.
Other accessions for this year were: Cast of the skeleton of Pelago-
saurus typus, in exchange with the University of Caen, France; plas-
ter casts of the skull of Ichthyosaurus platyodon; a skull of Llephas
ganesa; a skeleton of Plesiosaurus dolichoderius; a skeleton of Plesio-
saurus macrocephalus, purchased from Ward’s Natural Science Estab-
lishment; casts of vertebrate specimens received in exchange with
the La Plata Museum, Argentina; skull of 7'owodon, skull of Trigodon,
skull and jaw of Nesodon, jaw of Nesodon, skull and jaw of Propal-
aeohoplophorus, skull of Dasypotheriwm, femur, tibia, and fibula of
Brontornis; skull of Onohippidium and deformed skull of Astra-
potherium,; 22 casts of mammalian specimens from the Paris Basin,
received in exchange with the Museum of Natural History, Paris; the
sixth installment of the Lacoe collection contained three boxes of
fossil fishes.
An important collection of 28 Triassic fishes from Massachusetts,
collected by S. Ward Loper, was received as a gift from the United
States Geological Survey.
1896
The most important accession acquired this year was the Lacoe
collection of fossil plants and invertebrates, which included 408 fish,
amphibian, and reptilian specimens received as a gift from the heirs
of R. D. Lacoe. Among the vertebrates the Tertiary was represented
by specimens from the Green River of Wyoming and from Switzer-
land; Triassic by specimens from the Appalachian region; Paleozoic
by specimens from Great Britain, France, and the coal fields of Ohio,
Pennsylvania, and Mazon Creek, Ill. Many of the Ohio specimens are
now unique, since further specimens cannot be obtained because of the
exhaustion of the coal mines.
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 300
An important lot of Bastlosaurus cetoides remains, including
the types of Pterosphenus schucherti (Lucas, F. A., Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 21, p. 637, 1898) and Hadrianus schucherti (Hay, O. P.,
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, p. 22, 1899), was collected for the Museum
from the Jackson (Eocene) of Alabama by Charles Schuchert. This
material supplemented the collection made in 1894, and from the two
collections a skeleton was mounted for exhibition (Gidley, J. W., Proc.
U. S. Nat Mus., vol. 44, p. 649, 1913; also described by R. Kellogg,
Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 482, 1936). In exchange with Dr. H.
Credner, a collection of amphibians came from near Dresden, Germany.
1897
A fine example of a fossil ray, Xiphotrygon acutidens, from the
Green River shales of Wyoming was purchased from R. L. Craig.
The types of Heterodontosuchus ganei from the Triassic of southern
Utah, and of Dinictis major from the Oligocene of western Nebraska,
described by F. A. Lucas (Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 6, pp. 399-400,
1898), were transferred from the United States Geological Survey.
1898
An important collection of fossil fishes made by the Hayden surveys
of 1870, 1872, and 1873 and by A. C. Peale in 1877, and retained by
KE. D. Cope for study and description, was returned by the executors
of his estate. This collection of 175 specimens, principally from the
Eocene, Green River, shales of Wyoming, contained a large number
of type and figured specimens. These were described by Cope (prin-
cipally in Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 3, 1884).
A skull and lower jaws, with associated fore limbs and feet and skin
impressions, of Thespestus annectens, from the Lance, Upper Creta-
ceous near Forsyth, Mont., were purchased from Robert Butler. The
skin impressions were described by J. B. Hatcher (Ann. Carnegie Mus..
vol. 1, p. 180, fig. 1, 1901) as Claosaurus.
The type specimen of Hoplitosaurus marshi collected by N. H. Dar-
ton from the Lakota sandstone, Upper Cretaceous, near Buffalo Gap,
South Dakota, was transferred by the United States Geological Survey
(Lucas, F. A., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, pp. 591, 592, pls. 23, 24,
1901).
Two carloads of vertebrate fossils (part of the Marsh collection)
were received from the Marsh laboratories in New Haven, Conn., as
a transfer from the United States Geological Survey.
An important. collection of 188 Paleozoic shark spines and teeth
from near Keokuk, Iowa, was purchased from Lisbon Cox.
292963114
304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 90
1899
A well-preserved skull of Hyracodon nebrascensis from the Oligo-
cene was presented by A. W. Barber. <A small collection of mam-
malian specimens from the Oligocene, near Oelrick, S. Dak., made
by N. H. Darton was transmitted by the United States Geological
Survey. It contained a nearly complete skeleton of Merycoidodon
gracilis (Gilmore, C. W., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, pp. 513-514,
1907). A collection of fish remains from the Niobrara, Upper Cre-
taceous of Kansas, was presented by Dr. A. B, Baker. The type
skull of Ursus procerus (Miller, G. 8., Jr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, vol. 13, pp. 53-56, 1899) from the Pleistocene of Ohio was pre-
sented by W. G. Roberts.
1900
Final consignment (5 carloads) of the Marsh collection of fossil
vertebrates, consisting of 590 boxes and crates, having a total weight
of 80 tons and a roughly estimated valuation of $150,000, was trans-
ferred by the United States Geological Survey. This consignment
was received in 1899 but not accessioned until 1900. A skeleton of
Lepidosteus atrow from the Eocene of Wyoming was presented by
Charles Schuchert. A collection of phytosaurian materials made by
Barnum Brown, including the types of Placerias hesternus and Meto-
posaurus fraast (Lucas, F. A., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, pp. 193-
195, 1904), from the Triassic of Arizona, was transmitted by the
United States Geological Survey.
A skull of Archaecotherium mortoni from the Oligocene of South
Dakota was purchased from L. W. Stilwell.
1901
A well-preserved skeleton of Hesperornis regalis from the Niobrara
formation, Upper Cretaceous, of Kansas, was purchased from Han-
del T. Martin. This specimen was mounted for exhibition (Lucas,
F. A., Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 45, p. 95, 1903) ; a small collection
of bird bones, including the types of Puffinus eyermani and Tanta-
lus milne-edwardsi (Shufeldt, R. W., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel-
phia, 1896, p. 511), from the Middle Miocene of France, was pre-
sented by Robert W. Shufeldt.
A skeleton of Mastodon americanus, a female, from the Pleisto-
cene found near Church, Hillsdale County, Mich., was purchased
(Gilmore, C. W., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, p. 610, 1906).
A skull and one tusk, the type of Hlephas roosevelti, from the
Pleistocene, found near Ashland, Cass County, Ill., were purchased
(Hay, O. P., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 35, p. 101, 1922).
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY
GILMORE 355
1902
Accessions included a collection of teeth of Camelops, Symbos,
Mammut americanum, Elephas columbi, and EF’. imperator from the
Pleistocene in a spring near Afton, Okla., made by W. H. Holmes
(Hay, O. P., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 117, 1921; Indiana
Geol. Surv., vol. 26; Iowa Geol. Surv., vol. 23).
Plaster casts of five restorations of the heads of as many genera
of Brontotheres were received in exchange with the American Mu-
seum of Natural History.
1903
Teeth of Mastodon humboldti and M. cordillerum and plaster casts
of mandibular rami were received in exchange with the British Mu-
seum of Natural History.
A slab of sandstone showing Pennsylvanian footprints from Mount
Carbon, Pa., was presented by Dr. H. J. Herbein. A tooth of Cladodus
formosus from Needle Mountain quadrangle, collected by Dr. Whit-
man Cross, was transferred by the United States Geological Survey.
1904
A complete skeleton of Rhamphorhynchus gemmingi showing impres-
sions of the wing and tail membranes (Gilmore, C. W., Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906) and fossil fishes of the genera Aspidorhyn-
chus, Caturus, Squatina, Hypsocormus, Pholidophorus, and Gyrodus,
from the Upper Jurassic near Eichstatt, Germany, were purchased
from Fritz Ehrensberger. Complete skeletons of Stenosaurus bollen-
sis and Ichthyosaurus quadricissus from the Lias of Wiirttemberg,
Germany, were purchased from F. Krantz.
A skull of Bison alleni with horn and external sheaths, from the
Pleistocene near Rampart, Alaska, was presented by D. McLean (Hay,
O. P., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 46, p. 182, 1914).
1905
A small collection of mammalian specimens from the Wasatch,
Eocene, of the Big Horn Basin, Wyo., made by Dr. C. A. Fisher was
transferred by the United States Geological Survey. A collection
of Pleistocene mammals from Alaska, made by A. G. Maddren, was
transferred by the Smithsonian Institution (Maddren, A. G., Smith-
sonian Misc. Coll., vol. 49, pp. 1-117, 1908).
1906
The most important acquisition of this year was a beautifully pre-
served skeleton of Sinopa grangeri (Matthew, W. D., Proc. U.S. Nat.
356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
Mus., vol. 30, pp. 203-233, 1906) and specimens of Amyda aequa (Hay,
O. P., Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 75, pp. 517-519, 1908) from
the Eocene, Bridger formation of Wyoming. These were transferred
by the United States Geological Survey.
A musk-ox skull from the Pleistocene of Yukon Territory was pre-
sented by J. B. Terrell through Dr. W. H. Osgood, who subsequently
described it as the type of Symbos terrelli (Smithsonian Misc. Coll.,
vol. 48, pp. 173-183, 1905).
A second musk-ox skull (Gidleya zuwniensis) from the Pleistocene
of New Mexico was presented by the Department of the Interior. It
was originally described by Dr. J. W. Gidley as Liops (Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 30, pp. 165-167, 1906).
1907
Plaster casts of the skeleton of Pareiasaurus baint and other rep-
tilian skulls, all from the Karoo Beds of South Africa, were received
in exchange from the British Museum of Natural History. A speci-
men of Lepisosteus simplex from near Cody, Wyo., was presented by
Jeremiah Ahern. The type of Hcehmatemys rivalis (Hay, O. P., Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, pp. 164-166, 1908) from Wasatch, Kocene of
Wyoming was transferred by the United States Geological Survey.
1908
An important collection of 99 United States and South American
vertebrate specimens was received in exchange with the American
Museum of Natural History in settlement of a claim for certain Gov-
eruinent-owned specimens that were retained in the Cope collection
when it went to that institution. This collection contained many rare
species, including the type mounted skeleton of Hoplophoneus robus-
tus (Adams, G. I., Amer. Nat., vol. 30, p. 49, 1896) from the Oligo-
cene of South Dakota, and a skull and jaws of UVintatheriwm mirabile
from the Washakie (Eocene) of Wyoming.
The Hambach collection, assembled by the late Prof. Gustav
Hambach, was presented by Frank Springer. Although consisting
primarily of invertebrate fossils it also contained a considerable
number of Paleozoic fish remains, some reptiles and mammals from
this country and abroad, as well as a few from the Shumard collec-
tion, which Professor Hambach had previously acquired.
A collection of Pleistocene mammals made by Charles W. Gil-
more for the Smithsonian Institution in Alaska in 1907 (Gilmore,
C. W., Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol 51, pp. 1-38, 1908) ; skulls of Bison
erassicornis (Hay, O. P., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 46, pp. 179-183,
1914) ; and a musk-ox skull the type of a new species Ovtbos yukon-
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 357
ensis (Gidley, J. W., Proc. U. S. Nat Mus., vol. 34, pp. 681-683,
1908) were the outstanding specimens,
A fossil turtle from the Niobrara (Upper Cretaceous) of Kansas
was purchased from Charles H. Sternberg. It was subsequently de-
scribed by O. P. Hay as the type of Towochelys stenopora (Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 36, p. 191, 1909).
A lower jaw of Hquus occidentalis from the Pleistocene of Nevada
was presented by C. A. Gaby. A natural cast of a chimaeroid egg
case collected by N. H. Darton from the Montana, Upper Cretaceous
of Wyoming, was transferred by the United States Geological Sur-
vey. Five fossil fishes from Ceara, Brazil, were presented by David
Starr Jordan. A cast of the skull of Zeuglodon hydrarchus
[ = Zygorhiza kochii| was received in exchange with Teyler’s Mu-
seum, Haarlem, Netherlands.
The types of Delphinodon dividum (True, ¥. W., Journ. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 15, pp. 165-194, 1912) and Psephophorus
calvertensis (Palmer, William, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, pp. 369-
373, 1909) and other Miocene vertebrates from the Calvert formation
of the Chesapeake Bay region were collected and presented by
William Palmer.
1909
A collection of 300 specimens from the Fort Union (Paleocene)
of Sweet Grass County, Mont., containing many new and little-known
mammalian forms and the type of Hoplochelys caelata (Hay, O. P.,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, pp. 163-164, 1908), was made for
the Museum by A. C. Silberling. A woolly rhinoceros skull from the
Pleistocene of Russia was purchased from E. Pfizenmayer. Two ac-
cessions comprising a very considerable and interesting series of Creta-
cean remains from the Miocene of Calvert Cliffs, Calvert County, Md.,
were presented by Frederick W. True.
The type specimen of Lissoprion ferriert (Hay, O. P., Science, new
ser., vol. 26, pp. 22-24, 1907) from the Upper Carboniferous of Idaho
was presented by W. F. Ferrier. A partial skeleton of Glyptodon
petaliferus from the Pliocene of Texas was presented by O. S. Shelton
(Hay, O. P., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 51, p. 107, 1916).
1910
The Fort Union collections from Montana were augmented by 70
additional specimens, collected by James W. Gidley and A. C. Silber-
ling, working under the auspices of the United States Geological Sur-
vey. A further contribution was made by the Geological Survey in
a small collection of turtles made by James W. Gidley and James H.
358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 90
Gardner from the Upper Cretaceous of the San Juan Basin of New
Mexico (Hay, O. P., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, pp. 307-826, 1910).
A complete crocodile skull and lower jaws described by Charles W.
Gilmore as the type of Leidyosuchus sternbergi (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
vol, 38, pp. 485-502, pls. 23-29, 1910) from the Lance, Upper Cretace-
ous, and a complete skull and neck of Clidastes velox from the Nio-
brara formation, Upper Cretaceous of Kansas were purchased from
Charles H. Sternberg. A plaster cast of the rhynchocephalian reptile
Homoeosaurus maximiliani was purchased.
1911
A third addition to the collection of Fort Union mammals was made
by purchase of 55 specimens from A. C. Silberling. A second con-
signment of 20 mammal and reptile specimens from the American
Museum of Natural History completed the exchange for the Cope
materials; of the specimens transmitted a partial skeleton of Dimetro-
don incivius and a skull of Hryops from the Permian of Texas are
worthy of special mention. Plaster casts of the skull of Camptosaurus
nanus and of the epidermis of a hadrosaurian “mummy” constituted a
second exchange with this same institution. A molar tooth of Hlephas
columbi from Placita, N. Mex., was presented by E. D. Cope (Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1874, p. 221).
1912
Type and figured specimens described by E. D. Cope (Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 21, p. 192, 1869) constituted the outstand-
ing accession of this year. The types were of Polydectes biturgidus,
Hadrosaurus tripos, and Hypsibema crassicauda, all from the Upper
Cretaceous of North Carolina. They were deposited by the North
Carolina Department of Agriculture, through H. H. Brimley, curator
of the State Museum. A unique type specimen consisting of the jaws
and teeth of the extinct shark Hdestus mirus (Hay, O. P., Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 42, pp. 31-88, 1912) from the Carboniferous of Iowa
was presented by the Smithsonian Institution.
A composite rhinoceros skeleton (Diceratherium cooki), now
mounted and on exhibition, from the Lower Miocene of Nebraska
was received in exchange with the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburgh.
A plaster cast of the hind leg and foot of Diplodocus carnegii was
received in exchange with this same institution. <A turtle, Stylemys
nebrascensis, from the Oligocene of Wyoming was purchased from
Charles H. Sternberg. A lower right molar of Hlephas columbi
from Tama, Iowa, was presented by Fred Herschel (Hay, O. P.,
Iowa Geol. Surv., vol. 23, p. 447, 1912).
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 359
The type specimen of Neurankylus wyomingensis from the Upper
Cretaceous of Wyoming was transferred by the United States Geo-
logical Survey (Gilmore, C. W., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 56,
p. 113, 1920).
1913
The Fort Union collection from Montana was further increased by
the purchase of 400 specimens from the collector A. C. Silberling
(Simpson, G. G., U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 169, pp. 1-279, 1937). A most
important collection of Pleistocene mammals, representing 22 genera,
several of which were new, was made by James W. Gidley from the
“Cumberland Cave” near Cumberland, Md. A collection of Pleisto-
cene fossils made by Copley Amory, Jr., for the Museum along the
Old Crow River, Yukon Territory, was transferred as a gift from the
Smithsonian Institution. It contained a unique specimen, the foot
bone of a camel, the first evidence of the former occurrence of this
animal north of the Arctic Circle (Gidley, J. W., Smithsonian Misc.
Coll., vol. 60, pp. 1-2, 1913). C. P. Snyder presented a skull of
Hquus niobrarensis alaskae (Hay, O. P., Smithsonian Mise. Coll.,
vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 1-18, 1913) and a mastodon tooth, both from the
Pleistocene of Alaska. Cetacean specimens, including the type of
Parietobalaena palmeri (Kellogg, R., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 63,
pp. 1-14, 1924) from the Calvert, Miocene, of the Chesapeake Bay
region, were presented by William Palmer and A C. Weed of the
Museum staff.
An upper molar of a mastodon and a skull of Symbos cavifrons,
both from the Pleistocene of Mason County, Ill., were presented by
John Wiedmer (Hay, O. P., Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 322,
pp. 103-104, 1923).
1914
The important accession of this year was a collection of dinosaur
remains collected by Charles W. Gilmore, working under the auspices
of the United States Geological Survey, from the Two Medicine
formation, Upper Cretaceous, of Montana. Aside from filling an
important gap in the collections, this assemblage furnished the type
of a new genus and species (Brachyceratops montanensis) of the
Ceratopsia (Gilmore, C. W., U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 103, pp.
1-38, 1917).
Another installment of Pleistocene fossils from the Cumberland
Cave deposit was collected by James W. Gidley. The specimens
included a mountable skeleton of Platygonus cumberlandensis (Gid-
ley, J. W., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 57, pp. 651-678, 1920), and
many good skulls and articulated limbs and feet, in part belonging
to genera and species not previously recognized from this locality
(Gidley, J. W., and Gazin, C. L., U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 171, pp.
1-99, 1938).
360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
A small collection of Pleistocene animal remains from Saltville,
Smyth County, Va., was presented by H. D. Mount (Hay, O. P.,
Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 322, pp. 145-352, 1923).
Collecting in the local Miocene field in the cliffs along Chesapeake
Bay by William Palmer and Norman H. Boss yielded a complete skull
and lower jaws with much of the articulated skeleton of the long-
beaked porpoise Hurhinodelphis bossi, a beautifully preserved short-
beaked porpoise skull (Hentriodon pernix), and many parts of these
same animals,
Other noteworthy accessions for this year were a well-preserved
skull of Bison allent with the horn sheaths and five articulated cervical
vertebrae from the Pleistocene of Alaska, purchased (Hay, O. P.,
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 46, pp. 183-189, 1913) ; the type of Crosso-
telos annulatus, a Permian amphibian from Oklahoma, received in
exchange with Dr. E. C. Case (2d Ann. Rep. Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Terr. Oklahoma, p. 15, 1902) ; and teeth and jaw fragments of the type
of Titanoides primaevus from the Fort Union of North Dakota, re-
ceived by transfer from the United States Department of Agriculture
through Vernon Bailey (Gidley, J. W., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 52,
pp. 431-435, 1917).
1915
A composite skeleton of Aenocyon dirus and three skulls and jaws of
the same from the famous Rancho La Brea, Pleistocene asphalt de-
posits, California, were received in exchange with the University of
California. A large mosasaur skeleton, consisting of the skull, jaws, 50
vertebrae, and portions of the paddles from the Bearpaw formation,
Upper Cretaceous of Montana, was purchased from Guy L. Wait.
A remarkably well-preserved skull of the rare Desmostylus hesperus
from the Miocene of Oregon was purchased (Hay, O. P., Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 49, pp. 381-897, 1915). <A final consignment of Pleisto-
cene mammals from the “Cumberland Cave,” consisting of 15 skulls,
was received. A partial skeleton of a very large Mastodon ameri-
canus from the Pleistocene of Indiana was presented by W. D.
Pattison, with permission to unearth the remaining parts. The type
skull of Nothrotherium texanum from the Pleistocene of Texas was
received in exchange with Baylor University (Hay, O. P., Proc. U. 8.
Nat. Mus., vol. 51, p. 116, 1917).
A collection of 30 dermal plates of armored dinosaurs from the
Lance, Upper Cretaceous, of Wyoming was presented by Dr. G. R.
Wieland (Wieland, G. R., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 31, pp. 112-
124, 1911). A small collection of Pleistocene mammals from the
vicinity of Denver, Colo., was presented by Prof. George L. Cannon
(Hay, O. P., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 59, pp. 599-603, 1922).
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 361
1916
The most valuable accession of the year was the remainder of the
skeleton of a large Mastodon americanus from the Pleistocene of
Indiana, presented by Maj. H. H. and W. D. Pattison. The skele-
ton is now mounted and on exhibition (Lyon, Marcus W., Amer. Mid.
Nat., vol. 17, p. 336, fig. 116, 1936).
The Fort Union mammal collection from Montana was increased by
the purchase of a small assemblage of specimens from A. C. Silberling.
A collection of Pleistocene specimens made by Benno Alexander, who
accompanied the 1914-15 Korean Expedition to the Kolyma River
region in northern Siberia, was presented by the Smithsonian Insti-
tution. It included about 200 individual specimens, the most im-
portant being a fine skull of Llephas primigenius.
A skull of Canis orcutti from the Pleistocene of California was
received in exchange with the California State Normal School of Los
Angeles. The type specimen of the fossil fish ’vesthes jordani from
the Miocene of California was presented by Dr. J. Z. Gilbert (Bull.
Dept. Geol. Univ. California, vol. 5, pp. 405-411, pls. 41-43, 1910).
Plaster casts of the type of Allosaurus fragilis were received in ex-
change with the Peabody Museum of Natural History. The United
States Geological Survey transferred some 30 vertebrate specimens,
representing 9 species of fossil fishes and reptiles from the Upper
Cretaceous of the San Juan Basin, N. Mex., including the types of
Baena nodosa and Neurankylus bauri (Gilmore, C. W., U. S. Geol.
Surv. Prof. Pap. 98-Q, pp. 290-295, 1916).
1917
A collection of Permian vertebrates made by Charles H. Sternberg
in Baylor County, Tex., was purchased. It. contained a good skeleton
of Dimetrodon gigas, now mounted (Gilmore, C. W., Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 56, pp. 525-539, 1919), besides partial skeletons of three other
individuals. Also worthy of special mention are skulls and partial
skeletons of the following genera: Cardiocephalus, Lysorophus, Diplo-
caulus, Seymouria, Labidosaurus, and Pariotichus, as well as a great
quantity of unidentified materials of lesser value.
A collection of fossil reptile and cetacean remains, including the
types of Goniopholis affinis, Cetotherium crassangulum, and Metopo-
cetus durinasus, from the Arundel formation, Cretaceous and Calvert,
Miocene of Maryland, was deposited by Goucher College.
A collection of 400 small mammal specimens was made from the
Pleistocene cave deposits of western Cuba by William Palmer.
A small collection of turtles from the Upper Cretaceous (Belly
River), containing the types of Aspideretes latus and Boremys albert-
362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
ensis, purchased from Charles H. Sternberg (Gilmore, C. W., Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 56, pp. 118-132, pls. 29-37, 1919).
The type skull and lower jaws of Hquus lambei from the Pleisto-
cene of Gold Run Creek, Yukon Territory (Hay, O. P., Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 53, pp. 435-443, 1917), and a partial skull of Symbos
cavifrons from the Pleistocene of Indiana were purchased.
1918
A collection made by Dr. John B. Reeside, Jr. (1916), from the
Paleocene and Upper Cretaceous of the San Juan Basin of New Mexico
was transferred by the United States Geological Survey. This is the
most important contribution from this source of recent years, there
being 50 identifiable turtle specimens, many of them complete, 16 of
which were described as new species (Gilmore, C. W., U.S. Geol. Surv.
Prof. Pap. 119, pp. 1-68, 1920).
The type specimen of Zerrepene whitneyi from the Pleistocene of
Texas was presented by Prof. F. H. Whitney (Hay, O. P., Univ. Texas
Bull. 71, pp. 1-24, 1917). The type of Agomphus alabamensis (Gil-
more, C. W., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 56, pp. 128-125, 1919) from
the Cretaceous of Georgia was presented by the Florida Geological
Survey.
Additional remains of Pleistocene mammals from Siberia were pre-
sented by John Koren. These supplement the collection received from
the Koren Expedition of 1914-15.
A collection of 76 fish scales from the Cretaceous of North America
was transferred by the United States Geological Survey (Cockerell,
T. D. A., U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 120, pp. 165-188, 1919).
A small collection of cetacean remains, including the type of Hu-
rhinodelphis bossi (Kellogg, R., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 66, pp.
1-40, 1925), was made for the Museum by Norman H. Boss.
1919
The most important accession of this year was that received as a
deposit from the Florida Geological Survey, consisting of 24 type
specimens from the Miocene and Pleistocene of Florida.
A skull and lower jaws of Monoclonius nasicornis from the Belly
River, Upper Cretaceous, of Alberta; a skull and partial skeleton of
Diplocaulus copet from the Permian of Texas; and a partly articulated
skeleton of 7ylosaurus proriger and other mosasaurian specimens
from the Niobrara formation, Upper Cretaceous of Kansas, were pur-
chased from Charles H. Sternberg.
A partial skeleton including a well-preserved skull of a long-beaked
porpoise from the Calvert, Miocene, of Chesapeake Bay, Md., was col-
lected for the Museum by William Palmer and N. H. Boss. A consider-
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 363
able portion of the skeleton of a mastodon from the Pleistocene of
Winona Lake, Ind., was presented by Frank L. Clark.
A cast of the type skeleton of Diatryma steinii was presented by the
American Museum of Natural History.
1920
A valuable acquisition was a collection of 78 specimens placed on
deposit by the Maryland Geological Survey of which 74 are either type
or figured specimens, 13 being original types. These specimens come
from the Pleistocene, Miocene, Kocene, and Cretaceous of Maryland.
A collection of 35 specimens from a cave near Bulverde, Bexar
County, Tex., was presented by O. P. Hay (Hay, O. P, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 129, 1921). <A collection of 60 specimens from
the Pleistocene, Cavetown, Md., was presented by Phillips Academy
(Hay, O. P., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 97, 1921). A small col-
lection consisting chiefly of horse and camel remains from Washtuena
Lake, Wash., collected by Dr. George M. Sternberg in 1877, was pre-
sented by Mrs. George M. Sternberg (Hay, O. P., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 59, pp. 607-608, 1922).
A beautiful articulated skeleton of Stenomylus hitcheocki trom the
Miocene of Nebraska was received in exchange with the Carnegie
Museum. A humerus, the type of Jabiru weillsi (Sellards, E. H., 8th
Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., p. 146, 1916), from the Pleistocene of
Florida, was deposited by the Florida Geological Survey. Two sets
of moa leg bones and one lot of crop stones from New Zealand were
received in exchange with the Public School of Lake Bathhurst, Aus-
tralia. A skull and two vertebrae, the type of Megaptera miocaena
(Kellogg, R., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 61, pp. 1-16, 1922), from the
Miocene, Lompoc formation of California, were transferred by the
United States Geological Survey. A plaster model restoration of
Mastodon americanus by Charles R. Knight was purchased.
The type skull of Elephas boreus from Mount Healthy, Hamilton
County, Ohio, was purchased (Hay, O. P., Observations on some
extinct elephants, p. 5, June 12, 1922; privately published).
A small collection of Pleistocene vertebrate fossils was made by
James W. Gidley near Renick, Greenbrier County, W. Va. (Gidley,
J. W., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 57, p. 669, 1920).
1921
An important collection of more than 100 specimens representing
a new Pliocene fauna of 30 or more species was made by James W.
Gidley and Kirk Bryan in the San Pedre Valley, Ariz. Among the
more striking new forms were two described by Gidley (U. S. Geol.
Surv. Prof. Pap. 140—-B, 1926), Stegomastodon arizonae and Glypto-
364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
therium arizonae, and one by Gilmore, Hinosternum arizonense (Gil-
more, C. W., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 62, art. 5, pp. 1-8, 1922).
In another paper (Gidley, J. W., U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 131—E,
1922) 15 new species of rodents were described. The collection also
contained the types of two new species of birds (Wetmore, Alexander,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, pp. 1-18, 1924).
A block of Diceratherium bones in situ from the Miocene of the
famous Agate Springs Quarry, Nebr., was collected for the Museum
by James W. Gidley. A collection of about 200 specimens of Pleis-
tocene mammals from a cave in Coconino County, Ariz., was re-
ceived in exchange with the University of Arizona (Hay, O. P.,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 59, pp. 617-638, 1921). The type of
Bystra nanus (Hay, O. P., 8th Ann, Rep. Florida Geol. Survey, p.
53, 1916), from the Dunnellon formation of Florida, was received
in exchange with the Buffalo Natural History Society. A. skull
of Lambeosaurus from the Belly River of Alberta; a half skull and
lower jaws of a Pleistocene elephant from an unknown locality;
and an elephant tooth from Otranto, Italy, were received in exchange
with Ward’s Natural Science Establishment. A male and a female
skull of Diceratherium cooki and plaster casts of the two skulls of
the Permian reptiles Edaphosaurus and Diadectes were received in
exchange with the Walker Museum of the University of Chicago. A
jaw of HLdestus heinrichii from the Mississippian of Illinois was
presented by the Southern Coal, Coke & Mining Co.; a Pleistocene
elephant skull from Ohio was purchased. Lower jaw of a mastodon
from the Pleistocene of Mississippi was purchased.
1922
Further collections from the Calvert (Miocene) along Chesapeake
Bay were made for the Museum by Norman H. Boss. Two out-
standing specimens are the type skull and parts of skeleton of Squal-
odon calvertensis (Kellogg, Remington, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62,
pp. 1-69, 1923) and skull and lower jaws and much of the skeleton of
Zarhachis flagellator (Kellogg, Remington, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus.,
638, pp. 1-39, 1924). A second collection of Miocene materials from
the Chesapeake Bay region, consisting of five porpoise skulls besides
many individual bones, was purchased from Mrs. William Palmer.
A nearly complete hind limb of Gorgosaurus, a tail club of an ar-
mored dinosaur, and the fore limbs, feet, and pectoral girdle of a
small trachodont dinosaur, all from the Belly River, Upper Creta-
ceous, of Alberta, Canada, were received in an exchange with the
Victoria Memorial Museum. A series of articulated cervical and
dorsal vertebrae of Hdaphosaurus was received in exchange with the
Walker Museum. A nearly complete shell of Boremys from the
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 365
Belly River, Upper Cretaceous, was received in exchange with the
University of Alberta.
A collection of skulls and several hundred bones of Bison occi-
dentalis from the Pleistocene of Minnesota was presented by John A.
Savage & Co. A composite skeleton was assembled for exhibi-
tion from this lot (Hay, O. P., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 63, art. 5,
pp. 1-8, 1923).
Parts of the famous Beresovka mammoth from the Pleistocene of
Siberia, such as skin, hair, muscular tissue, and stomach contents,
were purchased from E. W. Pfizenmayer.
A tarsometatarsus of Parapavo californicus from the Pleistocene
of California was presented by the University of California. The
type of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis from the Ojo Alamo formation,
Upper Cretaceous, of New Mexico was transferred by the United
States Geological Survey (Gilmore, C. W., Smithsonian Misc. Coll.,
vol. 72, pp. 1-9, 1922).
1923
The most important accession of many years was the collection of
several thousand specimens of Orestes St. John presented to the Mu-
seum by Frank Springer, to whom it was left upon the death of St.
John. The collection consists of a general collection of Devonian
invertebrates, but more important is his large and extremely valuable
collection of selachian fish remains, chiefly from the Carboniferous.
It contains numerous types and illustrated specimens described by
St. John in the Illinois reports, as well as a large amount of original
unstudied material. There is also included a large quantity of very
choice cestraciont fish material, much of it collected by Mr. Springer
from the Burlington limestone of Iowa, as well as two exceptionally
fine collections from the Keokuk limestone made by Dr. G. A. Wil-
liams and Lisbon A. Cox, which were purchased by Mr. Springer
and turned over to St. John, together with his own, for use in his
researches. Among other notable specimens in this collection men-
tion should be made of the type ef Campodus (Agassizodus) varia-
bilis (Newberry, J. S., Ohio Geol. Surv. Rep., pt. 2, vol. 2, p. 50,
i870) ; this represents a complete dentition from the Coal Measures
of Kansas in a state of preservation such as has not been found
elsewhere.
Another most notable accession was the residuary portion of the col-
lection of R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston, Pa., presented by his heirs. Be-
sides the fossil plants and invertebrates, which formed the bulk of
the accession of 10,000 specimens, it also contained several hundred
fish, reptilian, and amphibian remains. The Tertiary is represented
by specimens from the Green River and from Switzerland; Triassic
366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
by specimens from the Appalachian region; Paleozoic by specimens
from Great Britain, France, and the coal fields of Ohio, Pennsyl-
vania, and Mazon Creek, Tl. It contains many types and figured
specimens.
The type specimen of the physeteroid whale (Ontocetus oxymye-
terus) from Santa Barbara, Calif., was presented by Mrs. Charles
O. Roe (Kellogg, R., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 66, art. 27, pp. 1-8,
1926).
1924
A notable accession was a skeleton of Diplodocus longus collected
for the Museum from the Jurassic, Dinosaur National Monument,
Utah. This specimen is now mounted and on exhibition (Gilmore,
C) W., Proc: U.S. Nat. Mus. vol.78i)"art: 18;*pp.9 2 pis. io.
1932).
Composite skeletons of Smélodon californicus and Aenocyon dirus,
suitable for mounting from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea of
California, were received in exchange with the University of Cali-
fornia; a slab of dinosaur tracks from the Triassic shales of Virginia
was presented by Frank C. Littleton. The types of 7’rinacromerum
bentonianum from the Upper Cretaceous of Kansas (Cragin, F. W.,
Amer. Geol., vol. 2, pp. 404-407, 1888) and Testudo equicomes from
the Pleistocene of Kansas (Hay, O. P., Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull., vol.
10, pp. 39-51, pls. 1-8, 1917) were received in exchange with Colo-
rado College. Further cetacean specimens, a partial skull of Zarha-
chis (Kellogg, R., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 67, art. 28, pp. 1-18,
1926) and one of Hurhinodelphis collected by Norman H. Boss from
the Miocene, Calvert formation, Chesapeake Bay, Md. The type of
a fossil sculpin from Nevada presented by David Starr Jordan. A
small collection of South American mammals was presented by
Brother Ariste Joseph; a skeleton of Hlephas lacking the skull from
the Pleistocene of Franklin County, Wash., was transferred by the
United States Geological Survey. Cast of the skull of Baluchither-
jum and cast of the type of Griphodon peruvianus were received in
exchange with American Museum of Natural History, New York.
1925
The most important collection of the year was a series of fossil
footprints from the Coconino sandstone, Permian of the Grand Can-
yon of Arizona, collected by Charles W. Gilmore in cooperation with
the National Park Service (Gilmore, C. W., Smithsonian Mise. Coll.,
vol. 77, No. 9, pp. 1-41, 1926). This collection was supplemented by
a smaller one made by Dr. J. C. Merriam and presented by the
Carnegie Institution of Washington. Two very large dinosaurian
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 367
tracks from the Mesa Verde, Upper Cretaceous, Clear Creek, Utah,
were transferred by the United States Geological Survey.
A collection of Pleistocene mammals from Melbourne, Fla., was
presented by Charles P. Singleton. It included the skull and much
of the skeleton of a mastodon. A small collection of mammalian
fossils from Chihuahua, Mexico, was presented by Mrs. Bruce D.
Brown. Three well-preserved turtles from the Upper Cretaceous,
Kirtland of New Mexico were received in exchange with Ward’s
Natural Science Establishment.
The collection of fossil cetaceans was materially enriched by two
sperm-whale skulls, the type of Aulophyseter morricet (Kellogg, R.,
Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 346, pp. 1-43, pls. 1-9, 1927) from
the Temblor, Miocene of California, presented by Charles Morrice,
and the type skull of Xenorophus sloanii (Kellogg, R., Smithsonian
Mise. Coll., vol. 76, No. 7, pp. 1-7, pls. 1, 2, 1923) from the Oligocene
of South Carolina was presented by Earle Sloan.
A collection of fishes from the Lompoc, Upper Miocene, of Cali-
fornia was presented by David Starr Jordan. Skull and lower jaws
of Equus lambei from the Pleistocene of Alaska were purchased.
Plaster casts of the type skulls of Batrachosuchus browni, Dicynodon
kolbei, and Struthiocephalus whaitsi were received in exchange with the
South African Museum. Casts of the types of Andrewsarchus and
Proamphicyon were received in exchange with the American Museum
of Natural History.
1926
A large collection of fossil tracks from the Coconino, Hermit, and
Supai formations of the Grand Canyon was made for the Museum by
Charles W. Gilmore (Gilmore, C. W., Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 80,
No. 3, pp. 1-78, pls. 1-21, 1927). Additional footprint material from
the Triassic of New Jersey was received in exchange with Princeton
University.
A collection of 38 species of Pleistocene mammals made by James W.
Gidley from Melbourne, Fla., including a crushed human skull found
intermingled with the animal remains, gave important evidence of their
contemporaneity (Loomis, F. B., Nat. Hist., vol. 26, pp. 260-262, 1926).
He also made a small collection of Pleistocene mammal remains from
Long Horn Spring, Okla.
A further collection of cetacean remains from the Calvert, Miocene
of Chesapeake Bay region was made by Remington Kellogg and
Norman H. Boss. Two specimens of a well-preserved skeleton of
Priscodelphinus atropius and a fine skull and partial skeleton of a
smaller porpoise are deserving of special mention.
A partial skeleton of a long-snouted crocodilian from the Green
River shales of Colorado was presented by Prof. O. M. Ball. Addi-
368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 90°
tional cetacean materials from the Sooke formation of British Colum-
bia were presented by Ira E. Cornwall. Type specimen of Bison syl-
vestris (Hay, O. P., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 48, p. 515, 1915) from
Huron County, Ohio, and a small collection of Pleistocene fossils from
Vero, Fla., were presented by Oliver P. Hay. A well-preserved skull of
Stenosaurus bollensis from Holtzmaden, Germany, was received in ex-
change with Ward’s Natural Science Establishment. A collection of
five turtles from the Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico was purchased
from Charles H. Sternberg. A plaster cast of the skull of Protocera-
tops was received in exchange with the American Museum of Natural
History.
1927
An articulated skeleton of Portheus molossus, three skeletons of
Protostega gigas, and two partial skeletons of Platecarpus coryphaeus,
all from the Niobrara, Upper Cretaceous, of Kansas, were purchased
from George F. Sternberg. A collection of Pleistocene mammals from
Sarasota, Zolfo Springs, and Venice, Fla., was assembled by James W.
Gidley. It also includes a partial skeleton of Hlephas presented by
the Venice Co.
The type of Hypsognathus fenneri (Gilmore, C. W., Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 78, art. 7, pp. 1-8, pls. 1-3, 1928) from the Triassic of New
Jersey, was presented by Dr. C. N. Fenner. Bones of Hesperornis and
Ichthyornis from the Niobrara, Upper Cretaceous, of Kansas, were
presented by George F. Sternberg. A lower jaw, the type of Maries
kinseyi (Gidley, J. W., Journ. Mamm., vol. 8, pp. 239-242, 1927) from
the Miocene of Montana, was presented by C. A. Kinsey. Skulls of
Equus alaskae from the Pleistocene of Alaska were transferred by
the United States Geological Survey. A plaster cast of the lower
jaw of T'rilophodon angustidens, the original of which is in the Lyon
Museum, France, was received in exchange with the American Museum
of Natural History.
1928
A further collection of Pleistocene vertebrates from Melbourne and
New Smyrna, Fla., was made by James W. Gidley. A nearly
complete shell of Trachemys sculpta (Gilmore, C. W., Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 77, art. 10, pp. 1-8, pls. 1-8, 1930) was one of the
specimens secured.
A skeleton of Clidastes from the Niobrara, Upper Cretaceous, of
Kansas and a partial skeleton of Parahippus from the Miocene of
Wyoming were purchased from George F. Sternberg.
A small collection of fossil footprints from the Hermit and Supai
formations of the Grand Canyon, Ariz., was made by Charles W.
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 369
Gilmore (Gilmore, C. W., Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 80, No. 8,
pp. 7-10, 1928). Types of four species of extinct birds from the
Oligocene of Colorado were deposited by the Colorado Museum of
Natural History (Wetmore, A., Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., vol 7,
pp. 3-14, 1927). Type of Pteranodon oregonensis (Gilmore, C. W..,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 73, art. 24, pp. 1-5, 1928) from the
Cretaceous of Oregon was presented by the Carnegie Institution of
Washington.
1929
A collection of dinosaur remains, made for the Museum under the
direction of Charles W. Gilmore from the Two Medicine formation
of Montana, was the most important accession of the year. A con-
siderable portion of the skeleton of an armored dinosaur, the type of
Palaeoscincus rugosidens, the type of Styracosaurus ovatus (Gilmore,
C. W., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 77, art. 16, pp. 1-39, pls. 1-10,
1930), and a skull of Dyoplosaurus are specimens worthy of special
mention.
The Florida series of Pleistocene mammals was augmented by a
collection made by James W. Gidley. It included the type of a new
bear, Arctodus floridanus (Gidley, J. W., Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 18, pp. 4830-433, 1928).
A small collection of mammals, made by Dr. Harold T. Stearns
from the Pleistocene and Pliocene of Idaho, was transmitted by the
United States Geological Survey; a skull of a fossil cetothere from
the Miocene of California was presented by Dr. A. F. Ousdal. Four
elephant teeth illustrated by Prof. Henry F. Osborn from North
Carolina presented by the American Museum of Natural History.
Nine slabs of fossil tracks from the Triassic of the Connecticut Valley,
Mass., were received in exchange with Amherst College.
1930
A collection of horse remains made by James W. Gidley for the
museum from the Upper Pliocene near Hagerman, Idaho, was an
important contribution. It included the type of Plestppus shosho-
nensis (Gidley, J. W., Journ. Mamm., vol. 11, pp. 300-803, 1930),
many skulls and other skeletal parts, and also Pleistocene specimens
from the vicinity of Twin Falls, Idaho,
A collection of reptilian specimens from the Kirtland formation,
Upper Cretaceous of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, was made
for the Museum by a party under the direction of C. W. Gilmore.
This included the articulated tail of the hadrosaurian reptile Para-
saurolophus tubicen and 20 well-preserved turtle specimens, several
370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 90
of them representing new species (Gilmore, C. W., Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol., 83, pp. 159-188 pls. 13-18, 1935).
A group of eight articulated skeletons of A/esohippus bairdi from
the Oligocene of western Nebraska and a skeleton of a small mar-
supial (Peratherium) from the Florissant of Colorado (Gazin, C. L.,
Journ. Pal., vol. 9, pp. 57-62, 1935) were purchased from George F.
Sternberg.
A collection of zeuglodont remains from the Jackson, Eocene, of
Alabama, was made by Remington Kellogg and Norman H. Boss under
the auspices of the Carnegie Institution. It included a beautifully
preserved skull and lower jaws with much of the skeleton of a small
zeuglodont Zygorhiza kochii (Kellogg, R., Carnegie Inst. Washington
Publ. 482, pp. 101-176, 1936). The cetacean collection was further
enriched by a nearly complete skull and lower jaws with much of the
skeleton of a large whalebone whale collected from the Calvert,
Miocene, near Governors Run, Md.; this specimen was discovered and
presented by the Maryland Geological Survey. <A partial skull of
Schizodelphis, also from the Calvert of Maryland, was presented by
William Jones.
Two fossil amphibian skeletons on slabs, Pelosaurus and Branchio-
saurus from the Permian of Germany, were purchased. A complete
shell of Amyda virginiana (Lynn, W. Gardner, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 76, art. 26, pp. 1-4, 1929) from the Cretaceous of Virginia,
was deposited by the Geological Survey of Maryland.
1931
The most important accession of the year was a collection of 350:
specimens made by a party from the Museum. under the.direction of
Charles W. Gilmore from the Bridger, Eocene, of Wyoming. Out-
standing specimens in the collection were: A nearly complete articu-
lated skeleton of Hyrachyus eximius and a skeleton of Helaletes
manus (both now mounted and on exhibition), two partial skeletons
of Palaeosyops, a skeleton of Crocodylus, and 38 well-preserved turtle
specimens representing no less than eight genera.
A second collection of the Pliocene horse Plesippus. shoshonensis,
from near Hagerman, Idaho, was made by a party working under
the direction of J. W. Gidley. Many skulls and parts of skeletons,
all in excellent preservation, were secured. Accessory material was
later added to the collection by the work of Elmer Cook, who carried
on independent collecting in these same deposits for the Museum.
The type skull of Zroddon wyomingensis (Gilmore, C. W., Proce.
U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 79, art 9, pp. 1-6, 1931) from the Lance, Upper
Cretaceous, of Wyoming, and well-preserved skulls of /chthyodectes
and Protosphyraena from the Niobrara chalk of Kansas, where pur-
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 371
chased from George F. Sternberg. A slab of Triassic footprints from
Loudoun County, Va., was presented by Frank C. Littleton. Fossil
bird bones from the Wasatch Eocene of Wyoming were presented by
Dr. E. L. Troxell; a skull of Eurhinodelphis from the Calvert forma-
tion of Chesapeake Bay, Md., was presented by Arlton Murray.
19382
A collection principally of mammal remains was made by a party
under the direction of Charles W. Gilmore in the Wasatch, Eocene,
of the Big Horn Basin, Wyo.; and in the Miocene and Oligocene of
western Montana. In addition to a large number of skulls, jaws, and
other parts of skeletons, specimens worthy of especial mention are a
considerable part of the skeleton of the large creodont Pachyaena
gigantea, three partial skeletons of Coryphodon, a skull and lower
jaws of the rare E'ctoganus gliriformis (Gazin, C. L., Proc. Amer.
Philos. Soc., vol. 76, pp. 597-612, 1936), an articulated skeleton of
one of the larger merycoidodonts, and a skull and parts of the skele-
ton of Dromomeryx, the two last mentioned from the Miocene of
Montana.
A valuable addition to the collection of Plesippus shoshonensis re-
mains from Hagerman, Idaho, was made by a field party working
under the direction of Norman H. Boss. Four articulated skeletons,
32 skulls, 48 jaws, and a vast quantity of bones representing all parts
of the skeleton were secured. This collection also contained the type
of the fossil goose Chen pressa (Wetmore, Alexander, Smithsonian
Misc. Coll., vol. 87, No. 20, p. 9, 1933).
A small collection of 60 specimens consisting principally of mam-
malian: skulls from the Oligocene near Douglass, Wyo., was pur-
chased from George F. Sternberg.
Through gifts from W. W. Holmes, of St. Petersburg, and J. E.
Moore, of Sarasota, Fla., the avian collections were increased by many
specimens from the Pleistocene of that State. A skull of Wipparion
minus from the Miocene of Samos, Greece, was purchased.
1983
The most important accession was a collection from the Oligocene
of Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming, made by a field party
under the direction of Charles W. Gilmore during the summer of
1932. Specimens worthy of special mention were the type of an
extinct eagle, Palaeoplancus sternbergi (Wetmore, A., Smithsonian
Mise. Coll., vol. 87, No. 19, pp. 1-9, 1933) ; two articulated skeletons
of Mesohippus bairdii; articulated skeletons of Merycoidodon, skele-
ton of Leptomeryx and a skull and partial skeleton of H'usmilus
sicarius (Jepsen, Glenn L., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 72, pp-
372 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
360-362, 1933); 120 skulls, many partial skeletons, and articulated
limbs and feet, all representing more than 20 genera of fossil verte-
brates.
A mountable skeleton of Moropus elatus from the Miocene of
Nebraska and a mounted skeleton of Gorgosaurus libratus (Mat-
thew, W. D., Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 89, fig. 1, 1923) from the Belly
River, Upper Cretaceous, of Canada, were received through exchange
with the American Museum of Natural History. Neither of these
genera was previously represented in the collections. A composite
skeleton of H'qwus occidentalis from the Rancho La Brea Pleistocene
asphalt deposits of California was received in exchange with the Los
Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art; a composite skeleton of
the Oligocene rhinoceros 7rigonias osborni from Weld County, Colo.,
was received in exchange with the Colorado Museum of Natural His-
tory. Two duck-billed dinosaur skulls, /dmontosaurus regalis (Parks,
W. A., Univ. Toronto Studies No. 37, p. 6, pl. 2, fig. 1, 1935) and
Prosaurolophus maximus, from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta,
Canada, were received in exchange with the Royal Ontario Museum
of Paleontology.
Four skulls, limb, and foot bones of Zystrosaurus and Dicynodon
from the Triassic of South Africa were received in exchange with the
National Museum of South Africa.
A beautifully preserved skull of H’'guus alaskae from the Pleistocene
of Alaska was collected for the Museum by James A. Ford. An
articulated frog skeleton from the Miocene of Nevada was presented
by R. M. Catlin. The skull of a large Miocene whale from California
was presented by Dr. A. P. Ousdal.
A mounted skeleton of Jchthyodectes hamatus and a skeleton of
Plaiecarpus, both from the Niobrara, Upper Cretaceous, were
purchased from George F. Sternberg.
1934
A skull and mandible of Zquus andium from the Pleistocene of South
America and a skull, lower jaw, and vertebrae of Nesodon imbricatus
from the Tertiary of South America were received in exchange with
the Field Museum of Natural History. A skull and other bones of
Oxydactylus gibbi from the Miocene of Nebraska were received in
exchange with Amherst College. A small collection of Oligocene
mammals from Wyoming was presented by the University of Wyoming.
The collection of marine mammals was enriched by the addition of
several cetacean skulls from the Calvert, Miocene, of Maryland, col-
lected by R. Kellogg, C. L. Gazin, and Raymond Gilmore. Perez
Simmons presented a series of teeth of Desmostylus from the Miocene
of California.
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE aie
To the collections of fossil birds were added a partial skeleton of
Hesperornis from the Upper Cretaceous of Kansas purchased from
George F. Sternberg; limb bones of Hogrus aeola from the Kocene of
Mongolia received as a gift from the American Museum of Natural
History ; and representative parts of the skeleton of Bathornis celeripes
from the Oligocene of Wyoming, a gift from the Museum of
Comparative Zoology.
19385
The most important accession of this year was a collection of mam-
malian fossils from the Pliocene, near Hagerman, Idaho, made by a
field party under the direction of the assistant curator, Dr. C. L. Gazin.
Remains of Plesippus shoshonensis formed the bulk of the collection,
there being 65 skulls, a number of partially articulated skeletons, be-
sides a vast number of bones of all parts of the skeleton (Gazin, C. L.,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 83, pp. 281-320, 1936). Other specimens
worthy of mention were three articulated skeletons of the peccary;
Platygonus pearcei, a new species (Gazin, C. L., Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 28, pp. 41-49, 1938) ; a skull of Stegomastodon,; the
type of Ceratomeryx prenticei (Gazin, C. L., Journ. Pal., vol. 9, pp.
390-393, 1935) ; skulls and skeletal parts of beavers, otters, several
birds, and many specimens of the microfauna.
An excellent articulated skeleton of Camarasaurus, representing an
animal 30 feet in length from the Jurassic of the Dinosaur National
Monument, Utah, was received in exchange with the Carnegie
Museum.
The type specimen of Palaeophis virginianus (Lynn, W. G.,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Stud. in Geol., No. 11, pp. 245-49, 1934)
from the Eocene of Virginia was presented by Dr. W. G. Lynn.
Two fossil cetacean skulls from the Miocene of California were
presented by T. V. Little and C. A. Pratt. A fine skull and
lower jaws of Archacotherium from the Oligocene of Nebraska
was presented by Edward S. Tyler.
Five model restorations illustrating the evolution and devel-
opment of the horse in North America were presented by Mrs.
J. W. Gidley. This gift has a special significance since these were
modeled by the late Dr. James W. Gidley, for many years connected
with this division.
1936
The most important acquisition this year was a collection made
by a party operating in Montana and Wyoming, under the direction
of the curator, Charles W. Gilmore. Additional materials greatly
augmented the collection from the Two Medicine, Upper Cretaceous.
374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
Two articulated caudal series and other bones of Procheniosaurus ;
two incomplete specimens of Leptoceratops; and an incomplete but
adult skull of Brachyceratops (Gilmore, C. W., Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 87, pp. 1-18, 1939), including skeletal parts, are worthy
of special mention. Besides collecting the usual run of mamalian
specimens from the Wasatch of the Big Horn Basin, this party
secured a complete articulated skeleton of Coryphodon.
A complete articulated skeleton of Scarrittia canquelensis from
the Tertiary of Argentina was purchased from the American Mu-
seum of Natural History. A skull and lower jaws of a large phyto-
saurian reptile from the Triassic of Arizona presented by Merl V.
Walker. <A skeleton of Scelidodon capellina from South America
was received in exchange with the Field Museum of Natural History.
A skull of Glyptosaurus giganteus (Gilmore, C. W., Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 86, pp. 16-21, fig. 5, 1938) from the Oligocene of Wyo-
ming was purchased from George F. Sternberg. The type of Sula
avita from the Miocene of Chesapeake Bay, Md. (Wetmore, A.,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 85, pp. 22-24, 1938); the type of Peri-
tresius virginianus from the Miocene of Virginia (Berry, C. T., and
Lynn, W. G., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 183-187,
1936) ; the type of Pelycorhamphus pertortus from the Miocene of
Maryland? (Cope, E. D., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 34, p. 137,
1895) ; the type of Prepotherium venezuelanum (Collins, R. L., Johns
Hopkins Univ. Stud. in Geol., No. 11, pp. 235-244, 1934) from
Venezuela, South America, were all deposited by Johns Hopkins
University.
A small collection of fossil fishes from the Devonian of Colorado
was transferred by the United States Geological Survey. Another
small collection of primitive Downtonian fishes from Spitsbergen
was received as a gift from the Paleontologisk Museum, Oslo,
Norway.
1937
The chief accession of this year was a collection of mammalian
fossils made by the Smithsonian field party under the direction of
Dr. C. Lewis Gazin in Arizona and New Mexico. About 600 identi-
fiable specimens were collected from the Puerco, Torrejon, Wasatch,
and Pliocene.
A composite skeleton of the giant ground sloth Paramylodon har-
lant from the Rancho La Brea Pleistocene, California, was received
in exchange with the Los Angeles Museum of Natural History,
Science and Art.
A mounted skeleton of Merycodus necatus from the Miocene of
Montana was purchased from Phil C. Orr.
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE 375
A musk-ox skull (Symbos cavifrons) from the Pleistocene of
Indiana and a nearly perfect carapace and plastron of the turtle
Aspideretes superstet from the Paskapoo of Alberta, Canada, were
purchased. A plaster cast of the snake Boavus tdelmania from the
Eocene of Wyoming was received in exchange with the American
Museum of Natural History. A plaster cast of a skeleton of
Eohippus from the Big Horn Basin, Wyo., was presented by Dr.
E. R. Troxell. Two perfectly preserved eggs of the extinct ostrich
Struthio andersoni from the loess of China were purchased.
1938
Specimens resulting from a field expedition to central Utah and
northern Arizona, under Charles W. Gilmore, benefited both the
mammalian and reptilian collections. Those worthy of special men-
tion were a partial skeleton of the large sauropod dinosaur Alamo-
saurus sanjuanensis,; disarticulated skull and skeletal parts of a
horned dinosaur; skeletal parts of six individuals of the extinct
lizard Polyglyphanodon sternbergi (Gilmore, Charles W., Smith-
sonian Misc. Coll., vol. 99, No. 16, pp. 1-3, 1940) all from the North
Horn formation, Upper Cretaceous: 15 mammalian specimens from
the Dragon formation, Paleocene (Gazin, C. L., Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 28, pp. 271-277, 1938). From the Triassic of Ari-
zona this same expedition collected three phytosaurian skulls and a
skull of the amphibian Buetineria.
Through participation in the Dallas Exposition important speci-
mens and illustrative materials were received as gifts from the United
States Texas Centennial Commission. The more important of these
were a skeleton of the Eocene flightless bird Diatryma; a unique
specimen of Glyptosaurus giganteus, having the dermal armor of the
skull and neck preserved in situ (Gilmore, C. W., Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 86, pp. 16-21, pl. 1, 1938); a nearly complete articulated
tail of Camarasaurus; and the articulated pelvis, hind limbs, feet, and
tail with large patches of skin impressions of a crested hadrosaurian
dinosaur (Corythosaurus) from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta,
Canada. From this source also was a diorama, illustrating the fauna
and flora of the Jurassic, and two canvases (8 by 15 feet), one a res-
toration of the sauropod dinosaur Camarasaurus by R. Bruce Hors-
fall, the other a restoration of Dimetrodon and other Permian animals
by Garnet W. Jex.
A skull of Merycoidodon gracilis (Leidy, J., Smithsonian Contr.
Knowl., vol. 6, p. 54, pl. 5; figs. 3-4, and pl. 6, figs. 6-7, 1853), of
much historical interest since it originally belonged to the Evans
collection, was received in exchange with Columbia University.
376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
The type of Tomarctus marylandica from the Miocene of Mary-
land was presented by C. T. Berry (Berry, C. T., Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 85, pp. 159-161, 1938). A tarsometatarsus of Vesotrochis
debooyt, an extinct bird from Puerto Rico, was received as a gift
from the Peabody Museum of Natural History. Three slabs of
dinosaurian footprints from the Triassic of Pennsylvania were pre-
sented by the Highway Engineering and Construction Co.
1939
Specimens resulting from the field expedition to the Paleocene
(Dragon) and Upper Cretaceous (North Horn) of central Utah and
collections from the Uinta of the Uinta Basin, under the direction
of C. Lewis Gazin, constituted the outstanding accession of this year.
The Paleocene fauna was increased by a considerable number of new
forms (Gazin, C. L., Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 29, pp. 273-
286, 1939). Specimens worthy of special mention are a nearly com-
plete articulated skeleton of the extinct lizard Polyglyphanodon; two
well-preserved crocodile skulls; a complete skull of Baena inflata.
The Uinta collection formed the bulk of the collection consisting of
the usual run of skulls, jaws, and parts of skeletons.
An unusually well-preserved skull and lower jaw of 77igonias was
received in exchange with the Colorado Museum of Natura! History;
a collection of mammalian specimens from the Pliocene of Pikermi,
Greece, was received in exchange with the British Museum of Natural
History; a skull and other bones of Buetineria was received in ex-
change with the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Two incomplete cetacean skulls from the Miocene of Maryland were
presented by Arlton Murray; and a partial skeleton of Zursiops
from the Pleistocene of Maryland presented by Dr. S. F. Blake. A
nearly complete type skull of Felichthys (Linn, W. G., and Melland,
A. M., Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 29, pp. 14-20, figs. 1-3,
1939) from the Miocene of Calvert County, Md., and 25 dental
plates of Phyllodus from the Eocene of Virginia were presented by
Dr. W. Gardner Lynn. A slab of fossil bird tracks was presented by
V. H. Housholder.
1940
The most important accession of the year was a collection of 25
lizard specimens, all original types as follows: Chamops segnis Marsh,
C. denticulatus Gilmore, Glyptosaurus anceps Marsh, G. brevidens
Marsh, G. nodosus Marsh, G. ocellatus Marsh, G. princeps Marsh, G.
rugosus Marsh, G. sphenodon Marsh, G. sylvestris Marsh, Iguanavus
exilis Marsh, J. teres Marsh, Thinosaurus agilis Marsh, T. crassus
Marsh, 7. grandis Marsh, T. leptodus Marsh, 7. paucidens Marsh,
DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY—GILMORE ane
Tinosaurus lepidus Marsh, 7’, stenodon Marsh, Oreosaurus gracilis
Marsh, O. lentus Marsh, O. microdus Marsh, O. minutus Marsh, O.
vagans Marsh, Cteniogenys antiquus Gilmore, received in exchange
with the Peabody Museum of Natural History. This addition makes
the United States National Museum preeminent in North American
fossil Sauria. Of the 69 described species, 54 of the original types are
now in the national collections.
The fossil materials resulting from the field expedition to central
Utah contributed important specimens to both the mammalian and
reptilian collections. They include additional specimens of Paleocene
mammals with several forms new to the fauna; considerable portions
of two skulls and other ceratopsian materials; and 22 lizard speci-
mens (Polyglyphanodon), 8 of which are good portions of articulated
skeletons.
A collection of 123 fossil fish specimens was received by transfer
from the War Department. Noteworthy were many fine examples
from the Solenhofen deposits of Bavaria.
Through exchange with the University of Kansas there came a com-
posite skeleton of the Pliocene amphibian Plioambystoma kansensis;
and with the Peabody Museum of Natural History a mounted skeleton
of Stenomylus hitchcocki, skull and lower jaws of Platygonus com-
pressus, and a skull of Vimravus.
The cetacean part of the collection was enriched by a cetothere and
Eurhinodelphis skulls presented by Drs. R. Kellogg and W. F. Foshag;
a vertebral series of Priscodelphinus presented by Dr. A. R. Barwick;
and a cetacean skull presented by Arlton Murray, all from the Calvert
formation of Maryland.
The type of Delphinus calvertensis (Harlan, Richard, Proc. Nat.
Inst., vol. 2, pp., 195-196, 1842) originally belonging to the National
Institute but lent to Prof. Louis Agassiz prior to 1852, was returned
to the National Museum collections by the Museum of Comparative
Zoology.
The types of Paralbula marylandica and P. dorisiae (Blake, S. F.,
Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 30, pp. 206-209, 1940) were pre-
sented by S. F. Blake; the type of Anomoedus latidens marylandicus
(Berry, C. T., Amer. Midl. Nat., vol. 22, p. 746, 1989) from the Cre-
taceous of Maryland, was presented by Dr. Charles T. Berry.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1941
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
issued }
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 90 Washington: 1941 No. 3110
A NEW HARPACTICOID COPEPOD FROM THE GILL
CHAMBERS OF A MARSH CRAB
By Arrnur G. Humes
Wuire studying the parasites of crabs at the Louisiana State
University Marine Laboratory at Grand Isle, La., the writer col-
lected specimens of a previously undescribed copepod belonging to
the genus Cancrincola (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ameiridae). This
genus was first recognized by Wilson (1913), who designated his
newly described species, Cancrincola jamaicensis, from the gills of
the white land crab, Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, at Montego Bay,
Jamaica, as genotype. In 1930 Pearse described a second species,
Cancrincola wilsoni, from the gills of the red land crab, Sesarma
haematocheir (de Haan), and of the littoral crab, Sesarma pictwm
(de Haan), at Aburatsubo, near Misaki, Japan. A few specimens
of C. jamaicensis Wilson were collected by Pearse (in Wilson, 1935)
from the branchial cavity of the spider crab, Wicrophrys bicornutus
(Latreille), at the Dry Tortugas, Fla. The gill chambers of two
adult marsh crabs, Sesarma reticulatum (Say), a male and a female,
collected at Grand Isle, La., on June 14, 1940, contained about 50
copepods, named and described as follows:
CANCRINCOLA PLUMIPES, new species
FIGURE 18
Type material from the gill chamber of Sesarma reticulatum, at
Grand Isle, La. Holotype, female, U. S. N. M. No. 79347; allotype,
U. 8S. N. M. No. 79348; and 20 paratypes including both sexes,
US. N. M. No. 79349.
286457—41 379
380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 90
Female.—Body slender, between four and five times as long as
wide, cylindrical, greatest diameter at the first thoracic segment,
gradually tapering posteriorly (fig. 18, d). Thorax and abdomen
arched ventrally in specimens preserved in alcohol. Cephalic seg-
ment nearly as long as the first three thoracic segments combined.
Cephalon well developed laterally, smoothly truncate posteriorly,
rather broadly rounded anteriorly, posterior half of dorsum with two
pairs of very small setae, the posterior pair slightly larger; rostrum
very small, elongated-oval, with two minute curved setae on the an-
terior end.
First segment of the 6-segmented thorax rather indistinctly sep-
arated from the cephalic segment, the dorsum shorter than either of
the following two dorsa and bearing a pair of minute setae; another
small seta at the origin of both basipods. Second thoracic segment
with a pair of setae on the dorsum, two pairs laterally and two pairs
at the origin of the basipods, all five setae on one side more or less
linear and well separated from one another. Third segment with
similar setae, but with one additional lateral pair, making six pairs
in all; the dorsum a little shorter than that of the second segment.
Fourth segment similar to second. Fifth segment with shortest dor-
sum of all body segments, located at the center of the body arch and
often telescoped with the adjacent dorsa; three pairs of setae, one
on the dorsum, one laterally, and one near the base of the fifth legs.
Sixth segment of the thorax with a pair of setae on the dorsum and
another pair on the posterior lateral areas; a single genital opening
on the ventral side.
Abdomen 4-segmented, segments narrowed but of about the same
length as the third and fourth thoracic segments, dorsa quadrangular
rather than rectangular. First abdominal segment with two pairs
of setae like those on the last thoracic (genital). Second with a
pair of setae on the dorsum, a vertical row of about 11 setae on the
lateral areas and a ventral transverse band of setae on the posterior
half. Third segment with a pair of setae on the dorsum, on both
sides a dorsolateral vertical row of seven setae and a lateral vertical
row of six setae, with a ventral transverse row of setae on the poste-
rior half. Fourth abdominal segment with slightly shorter dorsum
than the preceding ones, segment deeply incised at the center, with-
out anal operculum; a short transverse ventral row of setae on the
anterior part, a pair of setae on the dorsum, and on both sides a
row of setae on the dorsal, lateral, and ventral aspects of the posterior
part of the segment, adjacent to the origin of the anal laminae.
Anal laminae much shorter than the terminal segment and stout,
both armed on the lateral aspect with three large setae (the middle one
one-half as long as the other two) in a vertical row, at the distal
A NEW COPEPOD FROM A MARSH CRAB—HUMES 381
lateral angle a seta bearing a comb of three teeth, on the medial
distal angle two setae the dorsal one of which is set upon a single-
jointed pedicel, and terminally a long anal seta, which is about three-
quarters of the body length, curved distally toward the midline and
finely plumose. At the ventral distal angle of the anal Jaminae one
or two very minute setae and anterior to the base of the most ventral
of the three lateral setae a vertical row of three very small setae.
Anterior antennae (fig. 18, ¢) with eight similar podomeres, joints
not strongly chitinized, numerous setae ventrally, a tuft of setae ter-
minally, two setae on the dorsal side of the seventh podomere. On
the distal ventral angle of the fourth podomere a dimerous athetask
slightly longer than the distal four podomeres, the distal part about
one-third the length of the whole.
Posterior antennae (fig. 18, 6) somewhat shorter than the anterior
pair, with two podomeres and monomerous exopod; a single spine
on the inner margin of the proximal podomere; cylindrical exopod
attached near the center of the outer margin of the first podomere,
terminating in three setae the longest of which is posterior and the
shortest anterior. Distal podomere about two-thirds the length of
the proximal one, armed on the inner side with two rows of four
dentiform setae and on the outer side with two short setae; terminally
with seven setae, the inner three pectinate on the distal two-thirds
and shorter than the adjacent three outer ones, which are pectinate
only at their centers; outer seta short, pectinate, with longer and
finer teeth; an eighth spiniform seta at the base of the second inner
seta.
Mandibles (fig. 18, 7) minute, about 15, long, the outer ramus very
small, simple, monomerous, terminating in three short, blunt, spine-
like processes; inner ramus flattened into a concave lamina or blade,
armed distally with a row of minute setae. First maxillae (fig.
18, m) with a cylindrical monomerous exopod bearing two setae ter-
minally and three filamentous setae on the inner side; endopod sim-
ilar, with four setae terminally; a single seta on the basipod lateral to
the base of the exopod. Second maxillae (fig. 18, 4) with a thick-
set exopod terminating in a long, curved claw pectinate on the distal
half of its inner margin; two small setae on the outer side of the dis-
tal end of the exopod; endopod cylindrical, shorter than the exopod,
with two setae on the distal end. Maxillipeds (fig. 18, e) with two
podomeres, the first short and stout, the second longer and swollen
with a long, slender terminal claw pectinate on the concave side and
curved to fit the side of the second podomere; a longitudinal row of
six to eight very fine setae near the distal end of the first podomere.
First four pairs of legs biramose, somewhat flattened, the first pair
of legs adapted for clasping, the following three for swimming, the
382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
fifth pair much modified. Basipod of the first pair armed on the
outer side with a proximal transverse row of 11 minute setae, a
central row of nine larger though similar setae, and at the base of
the exopod a large pectinate seta and a row of much smaller ones;
at the base of the endopod similar setae. Exopod (fig. 18, &) of
three similar podomeres, each armed with a stout pectinate seta at
the outer distal angle and more proximally on the outer side with
a row of four shorter setae; at the distal borders of the first two
podomeres a row of four or five dentiform setae; on the central inner
edge of the second podomere two very small setae and distally a
larger plumose seta; terminally on the third podomere a row of four
setae, the inner two longer than the whole exopod and pectinate
centrally, the outer two about half as long or less and pectinate over
nearly the whole length. Endopod nearly twice the length of the
exopod, with two podomeres, the proximal one a little more than four
times the length of the distal one and armed on the inner side with
a central row of six setae, distal to which a single much longer
plumose seta, armed on the outer side with a central row of six
setae and two minute setae at the outer distal angle; distal podomere
with a row of seven minute setae on the inner side and a row of
three larger setae terminally, the middle one being twice the length of
the other two and pectinate centrally, the inner one plumose, the
outer one pectinate throughout.
Basipod of the second pair of legs with only the distal rows of
setae at the bases of the exopod and endopod. Exopod (fig. 18, 7) a
little longer than the endopod, both with three similar podomeres.
Exopod with stout pectinate seta at the outer distal angles of the
podomeres, proximal to which there is a row of four minute setae,
with five or six additional very small setae along the distal border
of the first two podomeres; second podomere having on the inner side
two small] setae, distal to which a much longer plumose seta; third
podomere with five terminal setae, the inner three about twice as
long as the exopod and plumose, except the outer one of the group,
which is plumose on the inner side and pectinate on the outer side;
the outer two pectinate setae only one-third or less the length of the
inner ones. Endopod with four to six small setae on the outer sides
and a longer plumose seta at the distal inner angles of the three
podomeres; on the third podomere three terminal setae, the outer one
short, stout and pectinate, the inner two a little more than twice the
length of the endopod and plumose.
Third basipod like the second; both rami of the third pair of legs
with three similar podomeres; exopod like that of the second pair
of legs, except that it is longer than the endopod and the minute
setae on the inner side of the second podomere are absent; endopod
A NEW COPEPOD FROM A MARSH CRAB-—-HUMES 383
‘wh ZO
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1
re
———
———
—
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Ur
i es ea
Mae,
Sr
Sno wma oe ee
LY
an P
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ie
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Ficure 18.—Cancrincola plumtipes, new species: a, Anterior antenna, male; 5, posterio;
antenna, female; c, anterior antenna, female; d, female, lateral view; ¢, maxilliped, female
f, spermatophore, male; g, fifth leg, male; h, second maxilla, female; 7, second leg, fer
male; 7, fifth leg, female; k, first leg, female; 7, mandible, female; m, first maxilla,
female. All figures were drawn with aid of a camera lucida. The 0.2 mm. scale ap-
plies only to d; the 0.05 mm. scale near & applies to all the other figures.
\
NOX
ci
384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM You. 90
similar also to that of the second legs, but only three to four small
setae on the outer sides of the podomeres and long plumose seta at
the distal inner angle of the second podomere lacking.
Fourth basipod like the second; both rami of fourth legs with three
podomeres; exopod about twice as long as the endopod with three
similar podomeres; a stout pectinate seta at the distal outer angle of
each podomere, proximal to which there is a row of three or four
minute setae; no setae on the inner sides of the podomeres; four ter-
minal setae in a row, the two inner ones plumose and greatly elon-
gated, the two outer ones short and pectinate. Endopod with the
first two podomeres shorter than the third; the inner distal angles of
the first and third podomeres with a plumose seta; on the outer side
of the first podomere one minute seta, of the second, two, and of the
third, five; four terminal setae, the middle two longer than the endo-
pod and plumose, the outer and inner setae half as long and pectinate.
Fifth legs (fig. 18, 7) uniramose, lamellar, with two podomeres,
the basal one with a single seta on the outer side and expanded on
the inner side into a broad lamina terminated by a row of five setae;
the plumose outer two of these are, respectively, about two and four
times the lengths of the inner three, which in turn are about as long
as the inner expansion of the podomere; distal podomere stout, longer
than wide, with five setae terminally; innermost plumose seta over
three times the length of the podomere; outer four setae only one-
third or less the length of the innermost.
All females observed had single ovisacs attached, containing 2 to
11 eggs (measuring 70» by 60x) in a single layer.
Measurements based on 10 females are as follows: Total length,
exclusive of setae, 0.626 mm. (0.586-0.659 mm.) ; greatest width (first
thoracic segment), 0.131 mm, (0.091-0.158 mm.) ; length of anal setae,
0.476 mm. (0.428-0.500 mm.).
Color in preserved specimens a transparent white, with the ovaries
and digestive tract a little darker.
Male—General body form similar to that of the female. Length
of body a little less, the anal setae, though of about the same size
as in the female, relatively longer, about four-fifths of the body
length. Setae on the thorax similar to those in the female. On the
abdominal segments 1, 2, and 8 a pair of small setae on the dorsum
and a lateral and ventral transverse row of still more minute setae
in the posterior part of the segment; terminal segment and anal
laminae with setae as in the female.
Anterior antennae (fig. 18, @) with eight podomeres of different
sizes, joints more heavily chitinized than in the female, first two
podomeres equal, third shorter on the dorsal side, fourth largest,
rounded dorsally and concave ventrally, fifth shortest, rather indis-
A NEW COPEPOD FROM A MARSH CRAB—HUMES 385
tinctly demarcated, sixth about as long as the first, this and the last
two podomeres gradually tapering in size; distal end of the eighth
bearing a minute claw; ventral sides of podomeres 1 to 6 setose,
a pectinate seta on 4 and 6, and an athetask similar to that in the
female on the distal ventral angle of the fourth podomere; a few
setae dorsally and terminally on the eighth podomere.
Second antennae, mouth parts, and first four pairs of legs all like
those of the female. Fifth leg (fig. 18, 7) very much smaller than in
the female, reduced to a low lamellar process bearing two pectinate
setae medially, then a long pedicel terminating in two setae of which
the inner one is the longer, and outermost a seta set upon a single-
jointed pedicel.
In about half of the male specimens a single yellowish-brown
spermatophore (fig. 18, f) was seen, usually in the genital segment
(sixth thoracic).
Measurements of 10 males: Total length, exclusive of setae, 0.583
mm. (0.545-0.621 mm.) ; greatest width (first thoracic segment), 0.219
mm. (0.104-0.147 mim.) ; length of anal setae, 0.470 mm. (0.400-0.524
mm.).
Color like that of the female.
Remarks—This species differs significantly from the two pre-
viously known species of Cancrincola in the following respects:
(1) Anterior antennae in the male with eight podomeres; w2lsoni
has only three podomeres.
(2) Fifth lez of male with five terminal setae; in jamaicensis
there are two and in wélsoné four.
(3) Fifth leg of female with six setae on the proximal podomere
and five on the distal podomere; in jamaicensis there are six on the
proximal and six on the distal podomeres, and in wé/soni seven on
the proximal and two on the distal podomeres.
There are many other minor differences in setal arrangements and
in the mouth parts that may be used to separate C. plumipes from the
other two species. C. plumipes appears to be more closely related
to the Jamaican species than to the Japanese form. The number of
minute setae on the body and appendages was found to vary slightly
in different individuals of the same sex, and hence the numbers given
above should not be regarded as absolute.
Members of this genus have been found in the gill chambers of
both terrestrial and aquatic crabs. They show little modification
for a parasitic way of life and have retained the ability to swim
freely. The life cycles of these species, though unknown at present,
are probably intimately connected with the molting of the crabs and
their migrations into the sea for food getting or for development
and hatching of their eggs.
LITERATURE CITED
PEARSE, ARTHUR SPERRY.
1930. Parasites of Japanese Crustacea. Anno. Zool. Jap., vol. 13, pp. 1-8.
WILSON, CHARLES BRANCH.
1913. Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes and land crabs, with
descriptions of new genera and species. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 44, pp. 189-277.
1935. Parasitic copepods from the Dry Tortugas. Papers from the Tortugas
Laboratory, vol. 29, pp. 329-347.
386
US. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: i941
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
issued
yy EPH <a }
ihe
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S, NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 90 Washington : 1941 No. 3111
THE CHICORA (BUTLER COUNTY, PA.) METEORITE
By F. W. Preston, E. P. Hunprrson, and James R. RanpoLPH
THE CHICORA METEORITE
By F. W. PRESTON
On June 24, 1938, at 6 p. m., eastern standard time, the weather
over western Pennsylvania from the West Virginia border (/)' north
to Oil City (2) was fair. Over the central area, the southern part of
Butler County, the sky was blue and cloudless (3); north and west
were cumulus clouds (4), which in the west approximated thunder-
heads (5, 6) and in the north, a few miles from Butler City, the ceiling
was low and apparently somewhat solidly overcast (7). At Pittsburgh, 2
hours earlier, the sounding balloons from the county airport had been
lost to sight a little above 4,000 feet (above sea level) by reason of
cloud (8). The winds were light, both at ground level and aloft (8).
The crows had already assembled for their nightly roost in the
hemlock woods of the overcast area a few miles north of Kaylor, Pa. (9),
but the chickens near Chicora were still scratching in the fields (10),
and the geese near Cooperstown were still swimming on a pond (//).
The sun was fairly well up in the sky (12), but it was past business
hours: In Butler it was 6 p. m.; in Pittsburgh and the valley towns
nearby it was 7 p.m. by daylight saving time. People were gardening,
golfing, swimming, playing baseball or tennis, or sitting on their
porches listening to the news broadcast over the radio, and some were
just sitting. A few seconds before 6 p. m., as the broadcast was
changing (5, 6, 13), a brilliant fireball flashed across the sky from
1 The italic numbers in parentheses refer to the list of observers on pp. 401-402.
292784—41——1 387
388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
southwest to northeast; and a few seconds past the hour Butler City and
the northern part of Pittsburgh were rocked by a terrific explosion, like
a long-drawn thunder roll.
The flash was seen sidelong by some who did not actually witness
the meteor; they took it for a lightning flash, though a queer one,
and glanced at the western thunderheads. Then the roll came in:
the ground seemed to shake as one sat upon it in the garden (14);
windows on the east side of the building rattled as if they would
never stop (16); at Pittsburgh windows were reported broken (16),
though the writer has not verified this. It was realized that this was
not thunder. Some thought the boilers in their cellars had exploded;
others concluded that a dynamite truck had blown up, as happened a
few years earlier just outside the town; then since neither the one nor
the other could account for such a massive sound, the rumor spread
that the powder magazine at West Winfield had exploded. The
rumor was shortly killed by the testimony of eyewitnesses that a
great meteor had shot across the sky, in brilliance rivaling the sun
(17), which was still high enough in the heavens, and leaving behind
it a trail of smoke far whiter than the cumulus clouds beyond it in
the north (4).
The sound of the explosion caused some to believe that the meteor
broke into two pieces over Bakerstown (18), and there were reports
that a part was actually seen to break off and go in another direction;
but the most trustworthy evidence is that there was only one smoke
trail, and the “explosion” is naturally accounted for by the sudden
expansion of the air in the hot trail and not by a shrapnel-like explosion
of rending rock.
Toward the end of its trajectory the meteor passed into the over-
cast area and was observed as a great swirling in the clouds (7) or as
something ripping the clouds to pieces (19). The country is here
sparsely populated, rough, and forested, with deep rocky ravines.
Just to the west lies the oil-refining country of Petrolia, and people
supposed at first that the oil tanks were blowing up. The main
mass of the meteorite has not been located in spite of much searching.
The probable point of impact as determined from the trajectory
seems to agree well with the testimony of witnesses busy near the
spot, and with the absence of testimony from the river valley towns
just beyond, but in spite of much searching nothing has been found,
for the country is densely covered with forest and other vegetation;
and the hillsides are so steep that one must hang onto the trees in
places in order to keep upright. What has been found are two small
pieces (pl. 54) shed from the main body several miles ahead of the
theoretical impact point, and really ‘discovered’? by the chickens.
These are the pieces reported upon in detail in the other sections of
this paper.
CHICORA METEORITE—PRESTON, HENDERSON, RANDOLPH 389
The belt of country over which the meteor was observed is a long,
narrow one. The southernmost point reporting is Nineveh, Pa. (see
map, pl. 55), and the northernmost is Titusville. From these points
the meteor was seen, but not heard. At Washington, Pa., the meteor
was observed by several people but was not heard, although a power-
ful smell of sulphur was reported 15 or 20 minutes after the apparition.
Most of the observers were somewhat directly on the track of the
meteor, i. e., under it to the south or beyond it at the north end, and
only a few were sufficiently to one side of it to provide good inter-
secting shots upon the trajectory. However, a couple of good obser-
vations were obtained from eastern Ohio, and there were some, a
little less accurate, from points east of the trajectory.
The time of day and year and the climatic conditions were favor-
able for the phenomenon to be observed by many witnesses. A con-
siderable number of them have been interviewed in order to get the
best possible estimate of the trajectory, in hope of locating more
pieces of the meteor, and also to get the most accurate description
possible of the phenomenon, for it will surely be rare for a great
meteor to fall so obligingly in full view of thousands of witnesses
spread over so wide an expanse of fairly well populated country.
From their reports, the trajectory has been reconstructed (let us
hope without too great inaccuracy) as described later, and illustrated
(map, pl. 55). Some of the observers add interesting details.
The meteor passed like a flash, leaving behind it a very narrow
trail of smoke like a pencil mark on the blue sky (17); almost instantly
(the observer estimated 14 seconds) this expanded sideways until it
was about wide enough to block out the moon (the moon was not
visible then). Another observer reports a spiraling (1/) of the smoke.
Two independent observers report the smoke as drifting slightly to
the northwest. In these latitudes, the upper air currents are some-
what persistently from the northwest. The “‘winds-aloft’’ report from
the United States Weather Office in Pittsburgh fails to indicate any
such drift, and either observers are in error or some local disturbance
affected the smoke, or the Weather Bureau observations are incom-
plete. At noon and at 4 p. m. on June 24 the Bureau’s observations
were obstructed by cloud at 4,000 feet.
After the fireball passed Cooperstown, and before the sound arrived,
a large flock of geese, swimming on a pond, all left the water, climbed
onto the land, flapped their wings, and honked furiously (4, 11, 20).
At Chicora, a farmer (10) was sitting on his porch when there
came a sound like an approaching airplane, and a great gust of wind.
The chickens in a nearby paddock were wildly excited and objected
to something in their midst, but a search failed to disclose what it
was allabout. Next day, hearing of the meteorite, the farmer searched
390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 90
again and discovered two pieces of it, the larger about half the size
of a man’s clenched fist, the smaller, half that size. They were
stony meteorites, the outer skin melted, resolidified, and slightly
cracked, and they were buried 2 or 3 inches in the grass roots. The
impression fitted the stone weil, and the stone appeared to have fallen
vertically. The farmer reports no flash of light or roar of thunder,
but only a noise like an airplane and a great gust of wind. In a
neighboring field a cow was discovered to have its hide torn down-
ward as if struck a glancing blow by a falling stone, and it was neces-
sary to have a veterinarian tend to it.
Other observers in the neighborhood of Chicora and just north of
it heard no thunder roli, but some report hissmg sounds. One ob-
server, however, an 8-year-old child (21), spoke of the meteor as “the
wheels of the thunder wagon.”
Twenty miles farther on, at Oil City, a group was playing tennis.
A foreigner yelled ‘‘Starfire!’’ and several observers saw the fire
approaching, but falling short of them behind the housetops. The
compass observations of their reports place the object rather remark-
ably west of most of the other “shots” and extraordinarily high in
the sky. At present neither of these facts can be accounted for (22).
At Reno, a few miles west of Oil City, a jeweler (23) observed the
fireball approach. It fell, he said, just across the Allegheny River in
a deeply wooded ravine. It left a trail of smoke, which slowly drifted
away. Nothing was heard, but the azimuth of the “shot” traces a
line to Chicora. At Franklin also (24) the thing was observed in the
direction of Chicora. Still farther north, at Titusville, a business man
(25) in his office happened to notice it, and his observations place it
over northeastern Butler County.
In the west, on the Hast Palestine golf links across the Chio border,
golfers (26, 27) saw the streak across the eastern sky. On the lower
Allegheny, around Oakmont and New Kensington, observers (28, 29,
30) saw it in the north. But so far practically no one has been found
who saw it against the western sky; east of the trajectory we get no
reports. This is unfortunate for the accurate locating of the trajec-
tory. The explanation probably is that the sun was low in the west
(18° above the horizon), and if the sky was clear in the west the meteor
would not be seen against the sun. And where the thunderheads,
black and threatening (5, 6), obstructed the western view, the cloud
of smoke would not be visible because the sun would not be shining
on it, while the flash would be taken for lightning in the west.
The smoke trail, of vaporized rock, lasted in a clear form for at
least half a minute. Yet observers differ greatly in their accounts of
it. One man (34) thought it was airplane skywriting and spent his
time looking for the airplane in front of the smoke. Another (32) did
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 54
The two individuals of the Chicora fall. The larger weighs 242 grams, the smaller 61 grams.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 55
| Ciseesiterme
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(See opposite page for explanation.)
Piate 55
Terrain covered by witnesses. Circles represent locations of some of the witnesses; thin black
lines represent their observations onto the trajectory; broken black lines represent estimates
of the top of the visible smoke trail. Thick black line represents estimated path of meteor
as seen in plan from top of visible trail to its end. Broken continuation of line to northeast
yy 6¢ ry >
represents reports of “swirling clouds, crows deserting roost,’
to the point where in the absence of atmosphere it is estimated that the meteor would have
clouds torn apart, etc., up
hit and where parts of it may be.
Observations from the north are nearly all lofted into the air and are too high in elevation as
compared with those from the south, east, and west.
4
Scale: 4 inch=10 miles.
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 56
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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CHICORA METEORITE—PRESTON, HENDERSON, RANDOLPH 39]
not notice it till it was all there, and since it reached the ground in
the north, but not in the south, he concluded it was some sort of rocket
that started in the north and traveled southwest into the sky. One
witness (1/1) reports that the trail had a spiral track in it, and others
(7, 19) describe it as “‘twisting clouds” or a “swirling streak in the
clouds.’”?’ One (5) reports that the track was confined to a narrow
strip near the zenith and did not go anywhere near the horizon, while
others (6, 13) in his immediate neighborhood traced it to the horizon.
However, the former is not alone, for from other points an airplane
pilot (34) reports the trail as stopping short of the northern horizon as
seen from the Butler Airport, while an observer near Chicora insists
that the trail broke up and did not descend to the ground. One
observer (37) insists that the trail crossed the sky completely but was
intermittent. Observers near Mars, Pa. (18), thought the meteor
broke up near them, but so did people in Pittsburgh. This variance
is probably due to the effect of the roar of the “explosion,” which they
were psychologically unable to dissociate from the notion that the
thing must have blown to fragments. The roar comes from the
sudden expansion of the very much heated air and boiling stone, not
from an explosion of solid matter.
The meteor, as shown by its track, had passed around the sun and
was now receding from it, when it overtook the earth. The difference
in the two planetary velocities was presumably a few miles a second,
from astronomical considerations. This is roughly 10 times the
velocity of sound in air. The meteor was not spherical, but flat or
irregular, and rotating rapidly, if we can judge by the spiraling of the
trail.
The resistance of the air slowed it down and raised its surface
temperature to brilliant incandescence “like the sun.’”’ The limit is
set by the melting and boiling of the stone, which would probably be
in the neighborhood of 2,000° C. This likewise sets a limit to the
temperature attained by the surrounding air.
The pitch of the sound near Butler was a deep roar like thunder;
at Chicora, a sound like an airplane; at Kaylor, a hiss. A proper
interpretation of the sound might yield interesting results. (See
section by Randolph.)
The meteor passed completely unobserved at the Pittsburgh County
Airport. It was, however, observed at the Butler (Alameda) Airport
by several persons. The Pittsburgh—Butler Airport was not checked.
A pilot (34) in a small open plane was flying over Butler when the
meteor went by, but he had his back toward it and saw nothing till
he landed, when the smoke was still visible in the sky. This was
probably a minute or two later, at the earliest. Such a result is to
be expected, with the calm air conditions reported at lower levels.
392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
The pilot of a Pittsburgh—Buffalo plane, which should have taken
off at 6 p. m. sharp from Pittsburgh, reported no observations of the
meteor, though if visible at all it should have been conspicuous from
the copilot’s seat, particularly if the trail endured for a couple of
minutes.
Pittsburgh proper, however, turned in several reports of the meteor,
though the Pittsburgh Airport, 6 or 8 miles to the south, missed it
completely. These Pittsburgh reports, some of which are excellent,
did not reach me till Feburary 1, 1939, half a year after the event.
They had been sent to Canada or to Philadelphia and were finally
forwarded to me by Dr. Charles P. Olivier, of the Flower Astronomical
Observatory and director of the American Meteor Society.
Pointed ends fell —y~__ 7
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disintegrating
GENERAL APPEARANCE Very high--
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Ficure 19.—Sketch of clouds and explosion as noted from “north side’’ Pittsburgh.
An observer (36) on the ‘‘north side”’ of the city (i. e., north of the
Allegheny River) reports on June 26: “Myself and young son wit-
nessed this phenomena. We usually watch for an airplane that flies
over each night shortly after 7 o’clock (D.S. T.). Scanning the skies
we saw this flash, then a puff of smoke, thin-pointed skyward, much
thicker in the center with a jagged-edge appearance, and smooth
thin-pointed earthward; called wife from house who witnessed and
verified belief in smoke theory instead of cloud. About 1 or 1%
minutes later heard explosion much louder and higher than fireworks
bomb, and watched smoke assume appearance of a cloud drifting
slowly southward and disintegrating over a vast space; smoke was a
vivid white.” Figure 19 is a copy of his sketch. The time interval
(1-144 minutes) is probably somewhat underestimated. The sketch
shows the smoke moving eastward, but reports it moving southward.
It also mentions clouds.
From Oakmont, which is about 10 miles from downtown Pittsburgh
in a direction somewhat north of east, the wife of a science teacher
CHICORA METEORITE—PRESTON, HENDERSON, RANDOLPH 393
reports a time delay of 1 minute. The explosion shook houses, and
people ran into the street to see where the explosion was. The time
is reported as 7:30 p. m. (EK. S. T. no doubt, but in any case half an
hour in error).
Leo J. Scanlon, secretary of the Valley View Observatory, Pitts-
burgh, obtained information from John Dengler, of north side Pitts-
burgh: “Time of passage (about) 7:10 p.m., D.S. T., June 24, 1938.
Direction: Headed 30° east of north (from compass bearing by Scan-
lon). Altitude about 40° when first seen, extremely brilliant head
(about as bright as 200-watt lamp at 50 feet), leaving a bright train
of white smoke, which persisted for at least a minute and a half.
(Others reported it as being visible for about 20 minutes.) Noise:
Sharp and loud report, followed by a rumble, which began at about
the same pitch as the explosion, gradually growing fainter. Noise
heard about 2 to 25 minutes after passage of fireball, which was moving
at a speed of about 45° of are in 3 seconds (estimated by Leo J.
Scanlon from rehearsal of observer).’’ The time interval appears to
be getting reasonably close.
An observer at the North Park, some distance out of Pittsburgh,
reports the smoke trail as vertical and in the northeast. This seems
correct, for according to our evidence the meteor passed almost over
the Park before reaching the atmosphere, and was headed more or less
northeast.
Prof. Charles Williamson and W. H. Bessey, of the physics depart-
ment of Carnegie Institute of Technology, observed the phenomenon
from the parking lot northwest of the engineering hall on the campus.
Writing to Dr. Jordan, of Allegheny Observatory, on June 27, William-
son says: “At 6:58, E. D.S. T., the trail was seen by W. H. Bessey of
this department and myself, from the parking lot northwest of our
engineering hall. We can fix the time with some precision because I
looked at my watch and checked it by an electric clock 3 minutes
later. Mr. Bessey, who witnessed the flash, says it was of astonish-
ing brilliance. It appeared in an unclouded part of the sky.
“Today, I took the bearings of some structures belonging to the
United States Bureau of Mines above which the trail appeared. Its
direction was approximately N. 30° E. The trail was almost exactly
vertical as seen in projection; it extended from about 40° to about 25°
above the horizon, widening from the top to, say, 30° above the hori-
zon, and tapering below. This surprised me and made me infer
wrongly that it might be a tracer bullet from some airplane. Atits
widest point the trail had a breadth of perhaps 30 seconds of are.
It persisted for upwards of 30 seconds and showed no noticeable drift.
“We heard the burst at approximately 7:05, but unfortunately |
did not look at my watch.”
394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 90
These observations are among the most accurate we have, except
that the trajectory should have sloped somewhat, and not have been
vertical. For the rest it agrees with our general conclusions. Note
Williamson’s agreement with Heyl, as to a wide part on the trail.
Thirty seconds of are is the width of the moon’s disk and was about
25 miles from the observer. This implies a trail about 2,000 feet
wide at this point.
R. V. Bergvall, assistant to manager of engineering, Westinghouse
Electric & Manufacturing Co., writing to the Royal Astronomical
Society of Canada, on June 27, says: “I observed a meteor on June 24,
1938, at about 6:00 p. m., E. S. T., from 24 Hillerest Road, Forest
Hills, near Wilkinsburg, Pa. Thinking that a reasonably accurate
reference might be of value, I spotted the center of the smoke in line
with two landmarks that happened to be available and later measured
the angle, using the location of the North Star as a reference. The
measurements were made with a protractor. The central line of the
smoke appeared 7° east of north and was exactly 40° up from the
horizontal. The smoke subtended about a 15° angle, as closely as I
could judge from memory after having obtained the protractor. The
smoke trail tilted about 5° from vertical, the downward point being
toward the east. The smoke drifted slowly toward the west. My
wife observed the actual flash and reports that it did not reach ground.
I believe that this observation is correct because of the limited length
of the smoke line. The sound of the explosion was heard in about 2
minutes, but this time observation is not at all accurate.”
Bergvall notes the slope of the track and places the meteor fairly
accurately in the Chicora region. Mrs. Bergvall’s report that the
flash did not reach ground also is true, and the timing is not so far out.
There is the mystery of the smoke drifting toward the west, also re-
ported from Cooperstown and Butler, while Heyl reports it drifting
south, and the clouds drifting east. Possibly the apparent motion is
due, in part at least, to the settling of the smoke.
William A. Knoch writes: “I was sitting on the porch of my house,
7220 Hermitage Street in Homewood, with my sun glasses on just
looking up at the sky, when I was amazed to see a long streak of fire
going across the sky toward the earth at an angle. After going so far
it stopped like something bursting. It continued with another streak
and then ceased. After this bursting there was a small quantity of
smoke which continued to hang in the sky.. If you had not known it
was caused by this meteor, you would have thought it was a small
cloud. I thought at first it was a skyrocket that might have been
shot from an airliner, but there was none around. I remained in this
position watching the smoke. About 5 minutes later the whole win-
dow behind me shook until I thought the glass would break. I never
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 57
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL 90 PLATE 58
Drawing illustrating the absorption of kinetic energy of the meteorite by the air.
CHICORA METEORITE—PRESTON, HENDERSON, RANDOLPH 395
connected the two as coming from this source. I thought there had
been an explosion somewhere, and as I had my police radio on I Jis-
tened for a fire call. About 5 minutes later there was a report of a fire
on Melwood Street. Once before I had heard an explosion in a garage
on Melwood Street, which had caused a fire alarm to be turned in.
I thought this was a similar case and did not know differently until I
read your account in the paper. Some of the people in the neighbor-
hood thought the Italians on Larimer Avenue were having a celebra-
tion. This meteor was directly north of my home, seemingly up
above Aspinwall.”
This confirms the observation from Saxonburg that the smoke trail
gave the impression of being intermittent. It agrees well with the
other observations.
One other report comes from Oil City, beyond the north end of the
track. An observer at Oil City golf course saw both flash and trail in
the southwest, more west than south, but heard no sound. The smoke
trail persisted for about 15 minutes. The observer thought the meteor
might have fallen as far off as West Virginia. This observation agrees
with other Oil City observations in placing the meteor much too far
west. There was apparently something queer about the atmosphere
near Oil City that day.
See plate 57 (drawing of meteor track) and section hereinafter by
Randolph. The thin upper cloud in this drawing would be missed
by Butler observers, and its top might be missed in Pittsburgh, but
to Oil City observers this would be the most conspicuous part of the
track, the lower parts being hidden by terrain features. Oil City
observations give the best indications of the height at which the meteor
first became visible.
The time of the meteor’s passing is fixed with considerable precision
at Station KDKA, where the broadcast was just signing off. The
streak was first noticed at 7 seconds before 6 p. m., E. S. T., and the
roar of the “explosion’”’ came in at 24 seconds past 6 p.m. The fire-
ball itself was not observed by these observers (5, 6). One observer
(13) also reports the radio broadcast program as in process of changing
when the meteor passed.
A large number of observers who believed they could indicate the
track of the meteor in the skies, or its point of disappearance below
the horizon, have been interviewed, and transit observations taken of
azimuth and altitude. The azimuth is obtained from magnetic north
but is corrected to true north before entry in the table. Some of these
observations are much more accurate than others, owing in some cases
to more careful observers but often to topographical features that pre-
clude serious errors, either as to the position of the observer or as to
the features on the horizon. Accordingly, we have tried to label the
292784412
396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 90
observations as of A, B, C, and D grade, in respect of either azimuth
or altitude. An A grade means that we think the probable error lies
within +1°; B, within +3°; C, within +10°; D means we think the
observations qualitative only, or in serious error. In attempting to
rate the observations this way, we may ourselves be in error or
prejudiced.
TaBLE 1.—Transit observations of the track of the Chicora (Pa.) meteorite
Grade
Observer Location | Azimuth | Elevation | of op ae
vation
Degrees Degrees
Bd 7 25 B
Mrs; Moyersie-ae: Se Home of Moody, Kaylor-------------- 209 16 C
65 | Above 3314 B
IAS Reiverata 2: see ee Butler oe eee eee ees Sey eee eee 8614| Above 45 B
13234] Above 43 B
Martin Rei bers==-sssees eee eee G0ls e e eeee 7814| Above 41 |.---------
C. B. (Bud) Williams 1_____- Kesiylor: bs. ete One ler ee eens | , Fs -
Wieeria Knoch® 2327 sees Saxonbure ys tsta toe ee ee ee fe . x |
80 7 Cc |
Dales Ruderta ee .ee-w eer ea Oso Fh Te Oe ee ee os ae . |
12 29 C
; ree Bat iy 31 20 C |
Pete Weiland®--= =2) 72355 14 mile southwest of Woodbine (But- 255 99 C |
ler). 5 z
Richard Williams____________ Lat. 40°54’ N., long. 7$°49.2’ W________ | a a A
at laVVallinms 5 oe ae as eet GOs ee ee 220 52 D
Harold Miles... Lat. 40°468/’ N., long. 80°32’ W_______/J a0 aS ae
gar rege l 8414 64%, B
DuwMileses eee ase ets PAG bis sas 8) hc oie at os eae (Wags
7
Carmen! @urcige=. 9s Lat. 40°52’ N., long. 75°57’ W_______-- tee a a
Matewihitlock2 22-2525 le ere Haffey P. O., near Oakmont_________- 26 2714 Cc
24 10 B
rank: Kobaes se 1 mile north of Oakmont, lat. 40°31,2’ 351 33 Cc
N., long. 79°48.5’ W. 7 9 D
MirsBrankekubaess- ese oa|P ae GOS Sk = eee etn OS i Ts BE 7 9 D
1 1 7p
Mrs. J. A. Liewellyn_________ Near Cooperstown ___-__-_--_- eer au 2 ae Se
Drads A lewellyne se) es none one A ah Se et a ar 3414 3114 Cc
Whe Jap Station KDKA, Saxonburg___________ . =
7 ,
Kenneth Walborn___.._.--_._|__-__ LO AR ee Rs See Se eS pee egy i - ‘
é
Mrs. William Clarkin_______ Lat. 40°35.5’ N., long. 79°43.5’ W_. ___ oe , is s
| 72 4
Thomas Monks_-____________ OIC it ys ee ee ee Sep 206" [a ee eee
Si Be Denglers2a ses Renio ta eeleg se: c Virerew sich! ree) N76) 4 See at D
Deans ele eee ae Home of Henry Weil, R. F. D. No. 1, 351 Sia eee oe
Karns. 282 Aor eee oe eee
Smee ee aan Seen eee Titusville +2755 Se see eer sh. ees st 188 50345 |----------
caer A ba 8 LSA a VWivattsvilles = seen ss ees nme 16214 5=t5 in |e
Jay Sproul 22-0 ee ee eee Nine vel lata 392597 N=, MONE. SOS DI” Wis a ae ee ee | ee eee |
1 Did not see actual meteor, but swirling clouds.
CHICORA METEORITE—PRESTON, HENDERSON, RANDOLPH 397
Having obtained these bearings of the smoke trail, reconstructed
from memory after alapse of some weeks, we have plotted them on the
United States topographical survey, 1/62,500 scale (roughly 1 inch to
the mile), by means of strings stretched in the air above the maps, and
in this way have tried to locate the correct trajectory (pl. 56). It is to
be assumed that the trajectory will be nearly a straight line, and quite
straight as seen in plain view.
The first sound of the “explosion” reaches a given spot on the
ground, from the nearest point 01 the trajectory, or very nearly, since
the meteor is traveling many times as fast as the velocity of sound.
The succeeding sustained roar is due to the expansion of the air in
both earlier and later parts of the trajectory. If the time interval
were known with precision in any case, the length of the radius vector
to the nearest point on the trajectory would be known with fair
accuracy.
Around Chicora the time delay is reported as very slight. At
Butler it was reported as about 8 seconds after the track was seen to
expand (1/7), but that is probably an underestimation. At Station
KDKA (Saxonburg), where the radio operators are extremely ‘“‘time-
conscious” and know exactly at what stage the signing-off of the
program stood, the delay was at least 31 seconds. At Cooperstown
one observer (/1) saw the flash, and then the trail, and immediately
called wildly for another (35) tocome and look. The latter young lady
was in the locker room, getting dressed for swimming, and ran out
as soon as she could. She arrived ahead of the thunder peal by at
least several seconds. I had her reenact the scene from the same
degree of dishabille in the locker room, and she was out in 24 seconds.
This sets a minimum limit, but the general belief of the four persons
present was that the explosion was delayed a good many seconds
beyond the 24. This places the trajectory at least 5 or 6 miles away.
Beyond agreeing with the KDKA reports, these observations are of
little help.
PROBABLE TRAJECTORY
Plate 56 shows a map of the central part of the terrain in which
the phenomenon was observed, and the thin black lines are black
threads representing observations, with a “transit” (theodolite) from
various places on the ground, of the line of sight to some point on the
smoke trail. Each thread arises from a thumbtack representing the
position of the eyewitness, who was then asked to set the instrument
on the highest point of the smoke trail and on the lowest point, as
nearly as he could remember.
If every observer had been accurate, or if each could have had a
transit all set up and ready to take the observations when the meteorite
398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 90
appeared, then all the “shots”? would cross on a straight line sloping
down from southwest to northeast. Since all observers, under the
actual circumstances, are in error by greater or less amounts, the
problem is to get as good an intersection as possible from a great
number of “‘shots,’”’ none of which are exact. This was done by first
rejecting observations that did not fit at all, and then sighting among
the remaining threads till they appeared to cluster into a small bunch.
The photograph (pl. 56) is taken down this line of sight, which we
assume to be the approximate trajectory. This trajectory descends
at an angle of 31° to the horizontal and bears 33° east of true north.
The horizontal trace of this trajectory is shown in the figure; the
trajectory itself, since we are looking down on it, is a single spot
marked by the north end of the trace. The small circle, on the
trajectory trace, represents the place near Chicora where the fragments
were recovered.
It will be observed that, with one exception, the threads do cluster
fairly well when seen from this position. However, moderate shift-
ing of the point of view and moderate changes of azimuth and angle
of descent give intersections nearly as good, so there is some sub-
stantial uncertainty on ali these points.
POINT OF IMPACT
According to the map, the meteor, unless entirely fragmented,
should have passed a good many miles beyond the place where the
two fragments were found, and should have landed within a short
distance of the Alleecheny River, in wild wooded country with pre-
cipitous ravines. A canvass of every farmhouse in this district
indicates that very likely it did reach this region.
It appears that in this district the sky was overcast, presumably
with clouds not higher than 5,000 feet above sea level or about 3,500
feet above the ground. A party of young baseball players (7) report
hearing a hissing sound and, on looking up, noticing a great swishing
in the clouds. Not far away two women report seeing the clouds
ripped to pieces.
In a precipitous valley clothed largely with hemlock trees a fiock
of crows is accustomed to roost, and they had already assembled that
evening by 6 o’clock. One woman noticed that on the arrival of the
meteor the crows all were protesting and flew away, and another
farmer’s wife observed where the birds spent the night some distance
away. They returned to their usual haunt next evening and have
been there since.
Beyond this point, in the main river valley, there are no reports of
the meteor, and there is every reason to believe it did not cross the
Allegheny River.
CHICORA METEORITE—PRESTON, HENDERSON, RANDOLPH 399
On the evidence of the crows, and the apparent trajectory, Mr.
McCormick has spent many hours searching the ravine in question,
He reports that it is scarcely possible to stand without hanging on to
the trees, and that it takes one man a day to search an acre or two.
His searches have so far proved fruitless. Mr. Aderhold chartered a
small plane and flew over the woods in this district looking for evi-
dence of damaged trees, but he was also unsuccessful. Obviously a
meteor or collection of fragments weighing many hundreds of pounds
and perhaps tons could fall in such a place and except by accident
never be discovered.
The evidence, however, of the two fragments actually recovered is
that fragments falling nearly vertically were shed miles ahead of the
theoretical impact point. Since we cannot assume that two small
fragments of stone, weighing a few ounces each and traveling with a
normal terminal velocity, could have created a sound like an airplane
or a great rush of wind, it is clear the main meteor lies northeast of the
recovered fragments. But since there are some miles of territory
between Garing’s farm and the theoretical impact point, and the
country is mostly under dense vegetation, the prospects of recovery
are not bright.
Theoretical impact point is about latitude 41°1’ N., longitude
79°40’ W.
Recovered fragments are from approximately latitude 40°56’ N.
longitude 79°44’ W.
TOP OF SMOKE TRAIL
This is probably a fairly definite point physically and represents
the place at which incandescence reached the boiling or vaporizing
point. Obviously, as this was at a high altitude, the true ‘boiling
point”? would be low, but what is here meant is a point at which the
stone had fused to a glass of low enough viscosity to be ripped into a
vapor or dust by the rush of air. This is a fairly definite point, and
observers ought to be able to agree on the position of the top of the
trail, whereas they will not agree on the bottom of it, because this is
usually settled for each observer by obstructions on his horizon.
Unfortunately, while it would have been easy to sight on the top
of the smoke trail with a “‘transit’’ at the time of the phenomenon,
it would not be easy in most cases to mark the position for future
reference, as the open sky rarely has landmarks. A few observers
saw the trail through the treetops, or past gable ends of houses, but
while these could have been good markers, the observer rarely knew
his own position to within a few feet, and this makes a significant error
of angle.
Taking account of the various situations of the observers, it appears
to us likely that the top of the smoke column actually observed was
400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 90
in about latitude 40°45’N., longitude 79°50’W., and at a height of
about 12 miles.
The horizontal trace of the trajectory passes within 4 miles of
downtown Butler, but the meteor was then about 10 miles up in the
air, and perhaps 11 miles away in a straight line. The sound of the
meteor (the thunder roll) should therefore have begun approximately
1 minute after the flash. Ail observers estimate a shorter time, but
the best of them seem to feel their estimates are underestimates.
WIDTH OF THE SMOKE TRACK
Several observers near Butler report the track to have been, in
their opinion, slightly greater in width than the full moon. As the
full moon is very nearly 14°, we may take their estimates of the width
as being %°. With the meteor 11 miles distant, this makes the track,
after adiabatic expansion, one-eighth of a mile wide, or about 650
feet.
The observer at Nineveh reported the track about half the width
of the new moon or less. This would make the track a good deal
wider, for Nineveh is far away. Williamson (p. 394) makes it 2,000
feet wide. Heyl’s sketch (fig. 19) shows it nearly a mile wide. But
these latter observers were viewing the cloud from the south, and the
part to which their estimates apply is probably not the same as the
part that was most conspicuous at Butler. (See section by Randolph.)
THE SEARCH FOR FURTHER FRAGMENTS
No other fragments than the two small pieces found by Adam Garing
were reported by any of the residents of the area. A few large lumps
of ordinary slag were offered us from south of Butler, and were even
exhibited in a local store window as possible fragments of the meteor-
ite. A number of scientifically inclined or adventurous helpers
undertook to search the region by every available means.
J. M. McCormick and L. G. Ghering, both of the Preston Labora-
tories, traveled every back road of the critical areas and made a house-
to-house canvass for information. This produced some interesting
stories but no fragments. McCormick flew over the area in a small
plane, looking for craters or broken trees, and searched the woods on
foot wherever he saw anything suspicious from the air, but without
result.
George Aderhold, of the Saxonburg Potteries, to whom we are
indebted for the recovery of the two fragments from Adam Garing,
stationed himself on open hilltops and directed aerial search by two
young aviators (37, 38). These boys flew over the valleys at so low an
altitude that they located most of the groundhog holes, apparently,
and almost skimmed the treetops. They reported that the ice storm
CHICORA METEORITE—PRESTON, HENDERSON, RANDOLPH 4(]
of the previous spring had broken off so many trees and branches of
trees, that anything the meteor might have done was indistinguish-
able. Aderhold, like McCormick, tried to search the area on foot,
with equally little result.
The evidence at Garing’s farm is that the fragments are compara-
tively small and fell vertically. If they are all alike, the fragments
could do little damage, would not break trees except in the rarest
of instances, and would just about bury themselves in the forest
floor.
THE RECOVERED FRAGMENTS
Thus it comes about that from the welter of confused and some-
times conflicting reports the only tangible objects available are two
small black pebbles, the larger not 3 inches long. The material in the
smoke trail may have weighed tons, and tons of fragments may have
reached the earth, but all we have, or are ever likely to have, for
detailed examination, are a few ounces now in the United States
National Museum. It seems strange that the whole countryside
could be rocked from Pittsburgh to Petrolia, a distance of 50 miles,
and that startled observers should see the flaming apparition from
points 200 miles apart, and yet all that should be recovered be so
small a matter. Big noises evidently produce little by way of result.
Small as the fragments are, however, they probably tell us sub-
stantially as much as if we had the whole meteor, for it seems reason-
able to assume that the rest of the meteor was like the samples.
AUTHORITIES CITED
(1) Jay Sproul, Nineveh, Pa.
(2) Thomas Monks, Oil City, Pa.
(2) Numerous observers.
(4) George Bottcher, architect, observing from Cooperstown, Pa.
(5) G. E. Sadlon |
(6) Kenneth Walborn|
(7) Group of ball players near Kaylor, Pa., C. B. Williams reporting.
(8) U. S. Weather Bureau, Pittsburgh Municipal and County Airport, 10 miles
south of Pittsburgh, R. W. Carey reporting.
(9) Farmer’s wife.
(10) Adam Garing, Chicora, Pa.
(11) Mrs. J. A. Llewellyn, Butler, Pa.
(12) T. C. Baker, Butler, Pa.; checked by calculation. See page 387.
(13) Mrs. William Clarkin, New Kensington, Pa.
(14) Miss Kate Black, Butler, Pa.
(15) Mrs. F. H. Hayes, Butler, Pa.
(16) Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, June 25, 1938.
(17) Martin Reiber, Butler, Pa.
(18) Butler Eagle, June 25, 19388.
(19) Mrs. Meyers, near Kaylor.
(20) Dr. J. A. Llewellyn.
(21) Dean Bell, Karns City.
-KDKA broadeasting station, Saxonburg, Pa.
402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
(22) The only explanation so far advanced is the possibility of a mirage lifting
the apparent positions considerably above the true one.
(23) S. B. Dengler, Reno, Pa.
(24) Mrs. E. C. Ifft, Franklin, Pa.
(25) Charles McCurdy, Tuscaloosa, Ala., reported the information given.
(26) Harold a ee Palestine, Ohio, golf course, 2 miles south of Nesley,
(27) Donald Miles} Ohio.
(28) Frank Kuba, Oakmont, Pa.
(29) Mrs. Frank Kuba, Oakmont, Pa.
(30) Mat Whitlock, Oakmont, Pa.
(31) W. H. Knoch, Saxonburg, Pa.
(32) Charles Walters, near the Stepp Inn, Pennsylvania Route 8, about 7 miles
south of Butler, Pa.
(33) Mr. Honzo, KDKA broadcasting station, Saxonburg, Pa.
(34) Carmen Curcio.
(35) Miss Mary Campbell, Butler, Pa.
(36) Harry C. Heyl, North Side Pittsburgh, Pa.
(37) W. H. Knoch, Saxonburg, Pa. —
(88) Dale Rudert, Saxonburg, Pa.
CALCULATIONS OF THE SIZE OF THE METEOR FROM
CONSIDERATIONS OF ENERGY
By JAMES R. RANDOLPH
Kinetic energy from a meteor is absorbed by the air in two ways:
Part of it goes into the production of the sound waves, and part goes
into heating the air through which the meteor passes, and at the higher
speeds into evaporating the material of which the meteor is composed.
No attempt has been made to compute the energy transformed into
sound. But in the case of the Chicora meteorite it has been possible
to compute the nonsonic, or heat, energy with what is believed to be a
fair degree of accuracy, and from this to compute the weight of that
portion of the meteor whose kinetic energy may be assumed as wholly
transformed into heat.
This is possible in this case because there is reason to believe that
the velocity of approach of the meteorite was small compared to the
velocity given it by the earth’s attraction, and because its velocity,
which in the upper air may have amounted to about 45,000 feet a
second, had been reduced to less than 1,000 feet a second by the time
the remains of the meteor struck the ground. Thus the kinetic energy
per pound is known. And a way is developed for computing the total
nonsonic energy from the size of the smoke cloud. This permits an
approximate computation of the weight of the meteor.
Observers west of the path of the meteorite describe it as leaving a
smoke trail that looked at first like a white pencil mark in the sky,
then expanded in about 1% seconds to a width that has been computed
as approximately 650 feet. After this it expanded and diffused more
CHICORA METEORITE—PRESTON, HENDERSON, RANDOLPH 4(03
slowly until it disappeared. Since most of these observers were in
the vicinity of Butler, the estimate applies primarily to the width
at that point.
Observers south of the meteor path, in the northern suburbs of
Pittsburgh, describe the meteorite as forming a very much larger cloud
than was seen at Butler. Williamson’s estimates give it a width of
about 2,000 feet, while Heyl’s (86) show it more nearly a mile in
greatest width. Both these agree in showing a cloud rather thick in
its midheight and tapering off above and below.
This discrepancy may be understood by reconstructing the probable
reactions of the observers, and what they saw and what they missed.
Observers at Butler saw the brilliant meteor flash across the sky.
Their eyes followed it into the north and then traveled back along
the smoke cloud, which was here about 5 miles away and 9 miles up
in the air. Their eyes would then linger on the larger cloud and would
fail to see the smaller cloud above it, which soon disappeared. And
the large upper cloud would be taken for a simple expansion of an
extension of the lower cloud.
Observers to the south, on the other hand, came nearer to seeing
the whole thing at once. They could see it all without turning their
heads. It was greatly foreshortened to them, so that the bigness of
the upper cloud would be more conspicuous. Also the thin-pointed
cloud above it would be more noticeable.
Plate 57 is an attempt to reconstruct the meteor trail as it would
be seen from the west by an observer at an infinite distance. Heyl’s
proportions are used, as these have come in the form of a sketch (fig.
19) and hence are possibly more reliable than an estimate of a narrow
angle made after the cloud had disappeared.
The cloud thus has two more or less distinct sections. There is
the upper section extending from the 12-mile level to the 10-mile,
having a length of about 4 miles and an average diameter of 3,500
feet. And there is the lower cloud, tapering down from a maximum
of about 650 feet. The path makes an angle of 31° with the horizon-
tal. The dotted line shows the probable trajectory of the small pieces
that fell in the chickenyard at Chicora and suggests that they were
detached in this big cloud. As they were not seen coming down, it
is probable that by the time they emerged from the cloud their veloc-
ity had already fallen to less than a mile a second, which makes this
trajectory about right.
Observers south of Chicora describe the sound made by the meteor-
ite as a thunderclap, very prolonged and violent.
Observers at Chicora compare it to an airplane, or to “the wheels
of the thunder wagon.”
Observers north of Chicora call it a hiss.
404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
An airplane propeller used for a wind tunnel makes the character-
istic airplane sound when at full speed. But this is due to the driv-
ing of the propeller tips at a velocity close to that of sound, since the
electric motor driving it is silent.
The most conspicuous difference between the thunder sound and an
airplane sound is that the latter starts low and rises as the plane
draws nearer, since the plane’s speed is substantially less than that of
sound. But thunder starts with the loudest noise, since it is made
by something that is going a great deal faster than sound.
An unstreamlined body traveling at a speed less than that of sound
makes a hissing noise.
From these facts we may conclude that when the meteor reached
Chicora its speed was approximately that of sound, or about 1,000
feet a second. Its speed when it struck the atmosphere was probably
about 45,000 feet a second. Gravity alone would give it 36,900, to
which its velocity of approach must be added vectorially. At this
speed its kinetic energy would be:
Vv MV2=31.4 10° foot-pounds per pound.
Plate 58 shows the way in which the kinetic energy is absorbed by
the air. As the meteor’s velocity is far above that of sound, the air
in front of it is very highly compressed and is heated by the compres-
sion to white heat, probably to well over 2,000° C. Then a sound
wave spreads out from it, like the waves from the bow of a boat.
And this sound wave may be white hot near the meteor. As before
mentioned, this sound wave accounts for part of the energy,
which is neglected in the present computation. [It also accounts for
the thunderclap heard by observers south of Chicora.
Between the sound wave and the meteor the intensely compressed
hot air rushes back into the vacuum behind the meteor and forms
a turbulent wake. Except for its incandescence, this whole appear-
ance is similar to that observed in a spark photograph of a bullet in
flight.2
But heat from the air is transferred to the meteor, causing its surface
tomelt. The molten matter is carried back into the turbulence, where
it is atomized to form smoke and its heat given up to the air. An iron
meteor loses weight through this melting. But a stony meteor,
through at least a part of its course, does not merely melt. It spalls.
Pieces of the surface are broken off by rapid expansion and are carried
back into the turbulence, where they act as independent small meteors
until finally disintegrated and turned into smoke or slowed to the
point where further disintegration ceases. The latter is what hap-
pened to the two small pieces that were found.
* See National Bureau of Standards Scientific Paper No. 508.
CHICORA METEORITE—PRESTON, HENDERSON, RANDOLPH 4()5
This action is complicated, so that the result we are after can be
obtained more simply by applying the box theorem to the process.
In this case we put the box around the front part of the turbulence,
so that at the front the nonsonic part of the meteor’s kinetic energy
is going into the box, and at the rear there is coming out a smoke cloud,
expanded to atmospheri 1c pressure and completely stopped, but not yet
diffused into the surrounding air. As no energy or matter of any
consequence goes in or out elsewhere, and as there is no storage, then
the energy going into the box, in the form of kinetic energy, must equal
the energy coming out, in tite form of increased PV energy of the
smoke cloud.
Lo ot
T, ’
Energy=PV
where P is the atmospheric pressure, V the volume of the smoke cloud,
T, the absolute temperature of the smoke cloud at this stage, and 7;
the absolute temperature of the atmosphere.
In this computation the product PV is computed first, and the
temperature brought in later as a correction term. The smoke cloud
is divided into two parts: The “upper” cloud, extending from the
12-mile level down to the 10-mile, and having an average diameter,
from Heyl’s sketch (fig. 19) of 3,500 fect, and the “lower” cloud,
extending from there to Chicora. Because it runs through a wide
pressure range, the lower cloud is computed as a series of cylinders,
while a single computation suffices for the upper cloud.
For both computations the formula, in English units, is:
PV=LD* 7X 144 paints i
Ly op 2;
From top to bottom of the upper cloud the difference in altitude
is 2 miles, and the lower cloud is divided into sections of the same
2X 5,280 ;
length. Hence L= —————=20,700 feet.
ve : Sim, 3i°
For the lower cloud the product D?P is computed separately for
each section; then these are added and multiplied by the rest of the
equation, which has a value of 2,330,000.
‘ |
Average altitude (miles) D D? | Pa | DP
epi be |—
|
Eo Red COED PAR SY ee AOE EE get 2k ee 450 202, 500 5. 30 1, 072, 000
Ce Oe Re ee 550 302, 500 3.19 966, 000
RE EET ee eel a ee ee Oe Dee eee | 650 422, 500 2.03 858, 000
3, 896, 000
ie aif a ase AAS dt ih ee Le Te 350 122, 500 | 8. 16 1, 000, 000
| 14, 950, 000
406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM - you, 90
For the lower cloud PV=3,896,500 X2,330,000=9.3 X10”.
For the upper cloud PV=14,950,000 X 2,330,000=34.8 X10”.
Dividing each by 31,400,000 we get the amount of material whose
energy is required to produce each cloud. This is:
For the lower cloud 296,000 pounds = 148 tons.
For the upper cloud 1,108,000 pounds =554 tons.
We can now apply the temperature correction. Temperatures of
the air along the path of the meteor are —51° C., or 222° abs., for the
upper cloud, and about 230° abs. on the average for the lower. The
temperature of the cloud after expansion is roughly estimated at 900°
abs. But the error is much greater than the difference between 222°
and 230°. Hence 230° is used for both, and the temperature correction
factor becomes
900—230 _
ot ee
900 Re
Hence the weights become, for the lower cloud:
148 X0.74=109 tons.
For the upper cloud:
554 0.74=410 tons.
‘Totate cs. = 519 tons.
The shape of the cloud can also give us some idea as to the structure
of the meteor. The lower cloud appears to have been formed by a
single solid, about as compact as the fragments recovered, melting
and spalling at a fairly uniform rate. And that high extension of the
upper cloud, which has not been computed, may be of the same nature.
But the shape of the upper cloud, and its “‘jagged-edged appearance”
as described by Heyl, suggest that it is of a different nature. Some-
thing seems to have happened at the 12-mile level, which can best be
described as a sudden crushing of a loose outer structure surrounding
the more compact central core. This outer structure weighed 410
tons to 109 for the inner core, which probably gives the proportionate
size of the two, even if we could add the mass required to produce
the sonic energy.
What was this loose outer structure?
At the Bureau of Standards is a cross section of a pot of optical
glass that has been allowed to cool rapidly. The whole outer portion
has cracked up, leaving only a few large lumps at the center. And a
large stony meteor, passing near the sun, would probably be similarly
cracked. It would have at least aslow rotation. The side toward the
sun would be heated, and the side away from it cooled, through tem-
CHICORA METEORITE—PRESTON, HENDERSON, RANDOLPH 407
perature ranges comparable to those found on the moon or Mercury.
And because the material is a poor conductor of heat, this alternate
heating and cooling would set up temperature stresses and form cracks
extending deeply into the mass, even as they do into a pot of optical
glass.
If this big meteorite had come straight down instead of at this long
slant, it would have reached the earth with a lot of its structure still
intact and a lot of its energy still init. And if it had landed on Pitts-
burgh there would have been few survivors. Its kinetic energy of
31,400,000 foot-pounds per pound is more than 20 times as great as
the explosive energy of TNT.
At least its capacity for destruction would have compared favorably
with that of the shipload of TNT that blew up in Halifax Harbor in
1917. And such a catastrophe, or even a very much larger one, can
happen at any time, with no more warning than the observers of the
Chicora meteorite had. But fortunately the energy of this meteorite
had all been absorbed by the air before it reached the ground.
MINERALOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE METEORITE
By E. P, HENDERSON
Only two specimens of the Chicora meteorite have so far been re-
covered, the larger one weighing 242 grams and the smaller 61 grams;
both are deposited in the United States National Museum (No. 1326).
The latitude of the place of discovery is 40°56’ N. and the longitude
79°44’ W. Both individuals are covered with a thin film of black
fused crust, and neither shows any evidence of being orientated
through much of its flight. Shallow and irregular depressions (thumb
marks) are noticeable on each, but no unusual physical features are
present.
When the crust was removed a fine-grained texture was found
exhibiting a rather uniform gray color. All the component minerals
are so small that none could be recognized by the unaided eye, unless
it be an occasional inclusion of bronze-colored troilite. On the
freshly broken surface no conspicuous evidence was observed of the
chondritic nature of this meteorite, and not until a thin section was
prepared could positive proof of this be given. From the smooth
surface, made by cutting away a portion for the thin section, a dappled-
gray pattern is noticeable. The darker gray material is in rounded,
as well as slightly elongated, chondrules or portions of chondrules,
each being separated by a thin zone of lighter gray material. The
texture is just firm enough to make it slightly difficult to break apart
by the use of a steel tool.
408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
PREPARATION OF SAMPLE FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Material for study was taken from the smaller specimen. The
fused crust was removed by using a steel dental pick, and by this same
instrument the central portion was found to be rather easily broken
apart. The material selected was carefully examined to free it from
the crust and then partly crushed and sized by screening through a
140-mesh sieve, and divided it into two portions, one of which was less
than 140 mesh and the other coarser, but still less than 80 mesh. This
step was taken in the hope that it would be possible to separate the
metallic portion from the silicates by using an electromagnetic
separator. There was enough iron dust or magnetic particles asso-
ciated with both fractions to prohibit satisfactory separation by the
electromagnet.
A small portion of the magnetic material was removed from one of
the samples and unfortunately lost. This made it dangerous to
combine the samples again; hence each portion, the coarse and the
fine, was analyzed as a separate sample. The author does not recom-
mend this procedure for stony meteorites, and if there had been a
greater quantity of material available from which to select a new
sample these two portions would have been discarded and a new one
prepared.
The samples taken for analyses were digested in mixed nitric and
hydrochloric acids for 12 hours. This treatment took into solution
all the metallic minerals, except a grain or so of chromite, and com-
pletely decomposed the olivine. The silica from the olivine along
with the insoluble material was filtered off and the separated silica
subsequently removed from the insoluble residue by digestion in
sodium-carbonate solution. Very little of the silica separated from
the olivine was present in the acid filtrate; apparently the silica is
largely separated out if the acid stands in contact with the olivine for
some time. After the removal of the silica the insoluble portion was
carefully ignited at low temperature necessary to burn off filter paper
and preserved in order that it might be separately analyzed chemically
and mineralogically.
Table 2 gives the results of the analysis on both the fine-grained
portion and the coarse.
OLIVINE
The composition of the olivine was determined from the analysis
of the soluble material. It had to be assumed that the silica, soluble
in the sodium carbonate, together with the small portion recovered
in the acid filtrates was entirely derived from the olivine. Several
side experiments, of a qualitative nature, were conducted, and it was
found that olivine is very easily attacked by acids, even weak organic
ones such as tartaric. The magnesium in the soluble portion was also
CHICORA METEORITE—PRESTON, HENDERSON, RANDOLPH 409
TasLe 2.—Analysis of the acid-soluble portion of the Chicora meteorite
E. P. HENDERSON, analyst
Coarse material, more than
140 mesh, less than 80 mesh
Fine-grained material, less than 140 mesh
Substance pape Parple Palple Average Eemple Samule Average
Percent | Percent | Percent | Percent | Percent | Percent | Percent
Insoluplessse= 2-45) (ase 32. 30 32. 80 32. 74 32. 61 39. 93 39. 07 39. 50
Si@ yee eee = aes ee eS. Pd 21.04 21. 74 21.90 21. 56 19. 39 19. 56 19. 47
ep aera a eee 18.15 Soe U Al eae reer 18. 14 16.99 16. 44 16. 71
IN ee ecersee ae ees eee ee .49 RAW Etie es Se .49 .79 83 81
CAO Seep Ee Fe yi sat es . 80 | Aa 50 . 69 50 49 49
UM (9 0) 2 Ba Re ee eee Seek ore 20. 16 19200022. ees 20. 07 Lost 17.89 17.89
ee eos a See ee CU UIWOL2 St Bee ea Saas id HOGR|E so See eae . 06
Seat ee ee ere hae ve 2. 49 PC. 1 a ee 2. 46 2.02 2rL1 2. 06
C0 Bee oh ae meee | ee S10} Seen ice .19 22 45 .33
!
2 96. 32 297.32
AMISOMI DIG eee ee es SIE Pee Seek re Reh SQN Ue he ose te teeta eee eae 39. 50
MgO... _20. ‘| 17.89
Oui iets Be ee aoe aie oe iy ee 57.22 x if paler ee 51.89
SiQ\e:_ 2 21; a 19. 47
Pe te { [iSite ee 246 _. |f2.06
FTO teeta ane seers tne Ue ceed liret ea 4 Er oemes & ane 6.79 e So 5.73
Schreibersitecs seat ee 2 ae z a eh ee Lee 69 le a EUS og REA 37
Werte 23 IN 66ie asset eee AGG heSobus atone eee 1.83
Metallic portion!.:---.-.2-.-<- Ieee Ceo ()EAQ inc ao ears ae Se AO ORG Ites wean nes ore 81
Com nOs1Ora hoa. eee ee S1GSGOC Gates a ene ere .33
Rota oe se ee eee Joa---------=-------------------- DONG Hr [fas a ee | 160. 46
| |
1 Includes acid sol. FeO.
2 Low summation due to calculating all FeO as Fe.
3 Phosphorus could be present as merrillite, but neither schreibersite nor merrillite was recognized.
TABLE 3.—Analysis of the insoluble material in the Chicora meteorite
E. P. HENDERSON, analyst
Substance ! Sample 1|Sample2| Average Substance ! Sample 1 | Sample 2} Average
Percent | Percent Percent Percent | Percent | Percent
Si@gaete es 47 55. 97 55. 21 55. 59 Me Ona 18. 55 19. 13 18. 84
Ne O Bes Ped same ae 13. 82 13. 36 13. 59 a a
Abla@gueyes seme a ee 4.61 4.93 4.77 otal erases 98. 10 97. 16 97. 63
CaO Ee as 295 ee 5.15 4.53 4.84
1 Cr and Ti were found present but not determined. Na was not determined, but it must be present in
the feldspar molecule.
410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 90
considered as being entirely derived from the olivine. Hence, if we
know the magnesium and the silica content, the necessary quantity
of iron can be calculated and deducted from the total amount present.
Traces of calcium were also found, and as several tests for aluminum
gave negative results it seemed logical to consider the calcium as a
component of the olivine rather than as belonging to a soluble feldspar
molecule such as anorthite.
Table 2 shows that the finely divided material contains 57.22 per-
cent olivine, while in the coarser samples 51.89 percent was found.
Since the relative proportion of these two fractions was not determined,
a weighted average of the olivine content in the meteorite cannot be
established, so the amount of olivine in the Chicora meteorite is
expressed by averaging the results obtained by recalculating the
analysis of these two groups.
TasiE 4.—Olivine in the Chicora meteorite (recalculated to 100 percent from the
results in table 2)
Substance Coarse Fine Average Ratio
Percent | Percent | Percent
Mig O eter ae ea oe Se ee eee eee 34. 47 35. 07 34. 72 0. 8611
HG Oe ae ee ee 27.05 26. 04 26. 545 . 3694
| OF) 0 Pee eee eee Fe 2 ee ere ones Se ene a na nbhe de . 96 1. 20 1.08 - 0192
Sige 3 ae ee ee ae = Se ee cee 37. 52 37. 69 387. 605 - 6235
The olivine composition expressed in weight percentages of the
various molecules is Mg,SiO,, 60.67; Fe.SiO,, 37.63; CaSiO,, 1.65.
If this olivine is compared with that found in terrestrial rocks it
will seem to be unusually high in iron. It is well above the average
iron content for olivines in pallasites, although the olivines in stony
meteorites sometimes run as high in iron as this one.
The indices of refraction determined by the immersion method gave
values agreeing very well with the composition of this olivine:
Specimen a 8 Y Determined by—
EERO NO Me Srey ee ed 1. 695 1.712 1.735 | J. J. Glass.
Synthetic olivine (Mg2SiO., 60; Fe2SiO4, 40)_____- 1.705 1. 730 1.748 | Bowen and Schairer.!
! Bowen and Schairer, The system MgO-FeO-SiOg. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 29, p. 197, 1935.
The olivine in this meteorite has two different modes of occurrence:
(a) There are fragments of a banded chondrulitic olivine structure
(see pl. 59, A) but no complete chondrules. The banded or barred
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 59
A, Fragment of the banded olivine chondrule (> 50).
B, The fibrous upper half of the field contains a fragment of a pyroxene chondrule. The subhedral
dark inclusion at the bottom is olivine.
CHICORA METEORITE—PRESTON, HENDERSON, RANDOLPH 411
olivine is made up of alternating zones of olivine and a granular, fine-
grained, crystalline aggregate. The olivine bands in a given chondrule
fragment will extinguish under cross Nicols as a crystallographical
unit. The origin of this banded structure of the olivine must have
taken place when the original chondrules were formed. These were
broken up and their fragments added to this mineral aggregate.
(b) There are a number of subhedral olivines present, and their
outer areas have been badly granulated, while the central portion,
although fractured, is not nearly so badly broken up or shattered.
It appears that this shattering of the outer zones of the olivine has
taken place after the consolidation of this mineral aggregate.
FELDSPAR
Oligoclase was found in the insoluble residue, and as several tests
were made for aluminum in the acid-soluble portion and none found,
it seems certain that no anorthite is present. The grains are small
and free from twinning, and no evidence of any internal strains could
be detected. The quantity present was obtained by recalculating the
analysis of the insoluble residue, assuming that all the aluminum
belonged to the oligoclase molecule. Oligoclase was found to make
up 7.20 percent of the total meteorite.
TABLE 5.—Compositions of the pyroxenes in the Chicora meteorite, obtained by
correcting the analysis of the insoluble material for ogligoclase
| Insoluble Oligoclase Pyroxene
Substance material io he de Pyroxene anne Ratio
Percent Percent Percent Percent
SLO pie ee es eT 55. 59 11. 47 44, 12 54. 88 0.9101 1.009
HG @) Bae ae ae ened TE ee 19259 |eoeose ee 13. 59 16. 90 . 2352
ANTS O sil ease rie otek Rae, fe 82S 4.77 QUT, ice on esas 25D ae TOE ee ke 1.0
C9 Oe ies St a8: ee 4, 84 99 3. 85 4.79 0854
Nic @) eee ee 2 RPL ee Meee 2 oie a ere SRR Ar Rete oe eee 18. 84 23. 43 5811
1 Thus if all the Al2O3 found in the insoluble portion is assumed as belonging to oligoclase, the analysis
of the insoluble portion can be corrected for the obligoclase present.
TABLE 6.—Optical properties of hypersthene in the Chicora meteorite
J.J. Guass, Observer
: Birefrin- : rs
Variety a B gence Sign Angle Remarks
Beets ts = 1.685 | 1.695 | 1.699 0. 014 (—) | 2V=50°-55° R<V. Polysynthetic twinning
seldom observed.
1. 690 |] *s ay wat
Bere = Pst 68 li aeor | 1. 695 014 (—) | 2V=about 70° | R<V. No twinning observed.
a : J
412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 90
The indices of refraction, determined by Miss J. J. Glass, are:
a=1.535, B=1.539, y=1.544, which correspond to an oligoclase of
about Abs Ang. Such a feldspar would have a composition, accord-
ing to the Winchells,? of SiO,:, 63.3; Al,O3, 23.1; CaO, 4.3; Na.O, 9.3.
PYROXENE
From the chemical composition of the pyroxene shown in table 5,
it is evident that the composition is closely related to the hypersthene
series. Recalculating the results into their respective molecular com-
pounds gives the following percentages: FeSiO3, 31.03; MgSiQs, 58.34;
CaSiO;, 9.92; the sum of these is 0.71 percent low, and this may mean
that there is a trace of tridymite present in the meteorite. None was
noted.
In the optical analysis made by Miss J. J. Glass, table 6, two slightly
different sets of indices were found. Although the indices for each
are very close she has been able to verify the results repeatedly on sub-
sequent examinations of additional samples. The physical nature of
this material is very uniform, and the two varieties marked A and B
in the table can be recognized only by carefully determining their
optical properties, as there is no visible difference between the two
varieties.
The material for this portion of the optical examination was obtained
from the insoluble residue after the silica had been removed by sodium
carbonate as previously stated, but it is believed that such a treatment
would not affect a mineral of the enstatite-hypersthene series. Miss
Glass reports that all the grains are more or less rounded and seldom
show a definite straight edge.
The extinction angles were measured on what appeared to be
cleavage edges, and angles of 6° to 7°, some 11° to 16°, and a few as
high as 35° to 40° were found. A very limited number of grains ex-
hibited fine lamellar twinning, and an indistinct positive sign was
found on two grains.
By calculation it was found that 28.24 percent of the Chicora
meteorite is made up of pyroxenes, and by far the majority of the
hypersthene is the variety marked as B in table 6.
The indices of refraction for the Chicora hyperstene are lower than
those given by the Winchells * for a hypersthene with 31 percent of
iron metasilicate. The indices found when referred to Winchells’
table indicates an iron content of only about 22 percent. The bire-
fringence of the Chicora hypersthene agrees closely with the values
reported in the Winchell tables. Since the indices of the Chicora are
lower than they should be for such an iron content, perhaps the pres-
’ Winchell, N. H., and Winchell, A. N., Elements of optical mineralogy, ed. 2, pt. 2, p. 280, 1927.
4 Op. cit., p. 177.
CHICORA METEORITE—PRESTON, HENDERSON, RANDOLPH 413
ence of about 10 percent of CaSiO; is responsible for the lowering of
the indices.
The finding of so much calcium metasilicate might suggest that
perhaps a member of the diopside-clinohypersthene series was present
rather than hypersthene. However, the optical properties completely
disagree with diopside-hedenbergite.
There are certain differences observed when one attempts to relate
the optical and chemical properties of this Chicora hypersthene.
It should be remembered that the optics were determined directly
on the grains present in the meteorite, while the composition expressed
for this mineral had to be obtained indirectly after deducting feldspar
and removing silica from the insoluble portion. Hence, less confidence
should be placed on the composition expressed for this hypersthene
than for any of the other minerals reported in this meteorite.
The finding of two sets of indices and optical angles in this hyper-
sthene is difficult to explain properly. Their optical as well as their
physical properties are very closely similar, so that it is more than
likely there are not two distinctly and unrelated generations of
hypersthene present in this meteorite. It may be that at some time
this meteorite has been reheated to near the critical temperature for
the orthorhombic hypersthene and that a certain amount of inversion
has developed. Had the temperature reached much above 1,130° C.,
the clinohypersthene should have formed and would have been
detected by the optical study.
Plate 59, B, shows the boundary of a fragmental hypersthene
chondrule. There is a noticeable zone around the chondrule that has
a slightly different granular texture. This suggests that some adjust-
ment or reaction has taken place after the hypersthene chondrule was
added to this mineral aggregate. The fragmental nature of hyper-
sthene chondrules lends support to the suggestion that this mineral
aggregate has originated similar to terrestrial volcanic tuffs.
METALLIC PORTION
The largest inclusion of iron seen on a smooth surface, whose area
is about 6.5 square centimeters, is one with an over-all dimension of
about 1 millimeter and its outline is more irregular than round. A
few smaller specks of iron can be detected. The percentage of metallic
TasLe 7.—Metallic content of the Chicora meteorite
Metal Fine Coarse Average Ratios
Percent Percent Percent
epee ee eee ee oe Be Re POPE oe eae 1. 66 1.83 1.74 0.0311 2.68
ING SS ssa he A Es Pe ee yd BOO IE a .49 .81 . 65 0116 1.0
Cota. Sk Ee Es hee * ee) .19 .33 . 26 - 0044
414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 90
iron in the Chicora was determined by recalculating the analysis of
the acid-soluble portion and averaging the results. The metallic iron
present was so determined to be 2.65 percent of the total.
It is difficult to understand why the coarse material should contain
more nickel than the fine-grained portions. Nevertheless, table 7
shows that in each case two determinations were made and the results
agree very nicely for each portion. Confidence can be placed in the
figure given for the nickel, but, since iron is difficult to separate from
cobalt, there may be a large analytical error in cobalt values. The
ratio of nickel to iron is 1 to 2.68, an unusually high nickel content.
The nickel content of hexahedrite irons is about 5.5 percent, while
octahedrites average from 6 to about 12 percent. Farrington ° lists
22 analyses of taenite, and the range in composition is so great that
little satisfaction can be had by referring to his table. The range of
taenite extends from Fe, 86.44 percent, and Ni, 13.02 percent, to
Fe, 50.73 percent, and Ni, 47.8 percent.
Prior,® in discussing the relationship between the nature of the
nickel-iron to the magnesium silicates in meteorites, says: “It was
found that a progressive change in the chemical composition of the
nickel-iron and of the magnesium silicates could be traced from chon-
dritic stones like Daniel’s Kuil containing over 20 percent of nickel-
iron to those like Soko-Banja containing only small amounts.” He
further states: ‘The less the amount of nickel-iron in chondritic
stones, the richer it is in nickel and the richer in iron are the mag-
nesium silicates.”” The Chicora meteorite agrees with this observa-
tion of Priors.
There are now a number of different observations on record that
many stony meteorites are apparently of clastic origin. There are
also indications that the metallic portions of meteorites are later
introductions. If that be true, the agreement in the mineralogy of
the Chicora meteorite with Prior’s suggestion may be nothing more
than accidental. It will require the compilation of much data before
this point can be properly settled. The Chicora meteorite certainly
supports Prior’s statement.
TEXTURE OF THE CHICORA
Olivine and hypersthene are present in sizable masses, distributed
through a fine-grained crystalline ground mass. The hypersthene
has a fibrous habit and is present as fragments of chondrules. The
olivine is also present in fragments of chondrules, but some of it is
encountered in subhedral inclusions.
The structure of this meteorite seems to indicate a clastic origin,
and very little can be interpreted from the structure. Some evidence
' Farrington, O. C., Meteorites, p. 134, 1915.
6 Prior, G. T., Min. Mag., vol. 18, No. 83, p. 26, 1916.
CHICORA METEORITE—PRESTON, HENDERSON, RANDOLPH 415
of adjustment or movement is noticed since the mass was consol-
idated, as shown by the granular zones around some of the olivine as
well as a portion of the texture of the fragment of hypersthene
chondrule.
The opaque inclusions noticed in the thin section are assumed to be
largely iron and occur on the outside of some of the olivine and
hypersthene. This suggests their introduction later than the minerals
they surround. Although it is difficult to account for the origin of the
metal, the distribution and association of these opaque spots, assumed
to be a metal, are normai and are identical with their occurrence in
other meteorites.
CLASSIFICATION OF CHICORA
Although only a single thin section was made, good evidence of
chondrite structures was found. ‘able 8 gives the mineral content
of this meteorite.
The Chicora is far less chondritic in texture than the Soka Banja
type, to which the Chicora is very similar chemically. Table 9
compares the composition of these meteorites.
TaBLE 8.— Mineral content of the Chicora meteorite
Mineral | Percent Remarks
Olivin etsee see te 54.55 | Gray color, chondrule fragments and euhedral inclusions, cleavage
lacking. Numerous opaque dustlike inclusions.
Hypersthene. -.......--- 28.84 | Two varieties, intimately associated together. Chondrules and frag-
ments of chondrules.
Oligoclases=2 2242-2 7.20 | Untwinned, no crystals.
Tiroulite se ee 6.26 | Minute inclusions.
(Schreibersite?)__.______- 0.53 | Not observed, assumed present from analyses.
Metal: 04.2 rs isee 2 2.65 | Small irregular inclusions very rich in nickel.
100. 03
TABLE 9.—Comparison of the Chicora and Soka Banja meteorites
Characteristic Chicora Soka Banja
Percentage-of nickel=iron-in imeteorite..1 2+. 22-2-.s2: 2-2 isha se eb scene 2. 65 4
RAtiOmf NiO une in nickel-lron® 2s.) son te ee ee 1: 2.68 1:3
Ratio of FeO to MgO in olivine______- pi Del Ne pe = Sea RASS Tara PP BAS See PI. 3 132.5
Ratio of FeO to MgO in pyroxene________________- BP ANA PR eS a kee 1325.4 | 3
Hence the Chicora is classified as an olivine-hypersthene chondrite
of the Soka Banja type.
The mineralogical and analytical work has all been done on ma-
terial obtained from the smaller of the two Chicora stones. Exter-
nally they are both similar, and it seems a reasonable assumption to
think that they are alike.
416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
This meteorite when only a few miles above our earth was very
large, probably weighing a hundred tons or more, and to suppose that
the entire mass was composed of the same minerals and in the same
proportions as found in the smaller specimen would be a broad assump-
tion. Very likely there were no large concentrations of metal in the
mass, because, if so, a sizable chunk of metal should have survived
the flight to the earth and made a scar on the countryside that would
have been detected by this time.
This is the first stone and the sixth meteorite reported from Penn-
sylvania. Stony meteorites are very rare in the States surrounding
Pennsylvania. Ohio is credited with 2, New York only 3, Maryland
2, New Jersey 1, and West Virginia none.
No attempt has been made to determine the age of this meteorite,
because the sample is small and the results from such a study are not
highly accurate. Neither have we tried to determine whether the
Chicora meteorite is magnetically polarized, to indicate solidification
in a magnetic field. In fact, there are a great many questions that
should be put to these celestial visitors from space, and thereby gradu-
ally enough evidence will be accumulated not only to classify the
different kinds but perhaps to reach some conclusion as to their source.
Had the hundred-ton mass of the Chicora meteorite reached the earth
it is difficult to imagine the havoc it would have produced. At any
rate, the people domiciled in Butler County, Pa., should be very
thankful that falling meteorites have such great difficulty in pene-
trating the thin layer of air immediately overhead.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are indebted to John L. Stewart, editor of the Washington, Pa.,
Observer, for his efforts in locating for us observers in the extreme
south part of the terrain.
In connection with the petrographic work, much valuable assistance
was given by Miss J. J. Glass, who made a careful optical study;
Prof. H. H. Hess, who also confirmed the optical examination; Dr.
L. G. Henbest, who made the microphotographs; Prof. S. J. Shand,
who prepared the thin section of the meteorite; and Dr. W. F. Foshag,
who offered many helpful suggestions.
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
_—————
Vol. 90 Washington: 1941 No. 3112
CESTODE PARASITES OF TELEOST FISHES OF THE WOODS
HOLE REGION, MASSACHUSETTS
By Evwin Linton*
Onty those cestodes that pass their adult stage in teleosts are
considered in this report. For records of encysted and larval stages
of cestodes whose final host is a selachian, see a previous paper of
mine.! While the encysted stage of selachian cestodes is found in
both teleosts and selachians, the encysted stage of teleost cestodes has
not been found in selachians. In a few instances teleost cestodes have
been found in the stomachs of selachians, but the evidence in such
cases pointed to their recent introduction with the food, and the
usually more or less macerated condition of the strobilae showed that
the selachian could not be regarded as the true final host.
The cestodes of selachian habitats belong to widely different family
groups from those passing the adult stage in teleosts. Further, so far
at least as their mature cestode parasites may be considered to figure,
the groups of selachians and teleosts are as distinct from each other
as either of them is distinct from the other classes of vertebrates.
This account is based on collections of the late Vinal N. Edwards,
of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, which were made in each
month of the year for many years, and upon collections made by me
in the summer months over a long series of years at the Woods Hole
laboratory of the Bureau of Fisheries. The authority for the scientific
names of fishes used is Jordan, Evermann, and Clark’s check list.?
* Died June 3, 1939.
1 Notes on cestode parasites of sharks and skates. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 21, pp. 1-114, pls.
1-13, 1924.
2 Check list of the fishes and fishlike vertebrates of North and Middle America north of the northern
boundary of Venezuela and Colombia. Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. for 1928, pt. 2, 670 pp., 1930.
292965—41——1 417
418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
TABLE 1.—Teleost cestodes and their hosts, Woods Hole region
ns
Cestode Host
Caryophyllaeus terebrans (Linton) ------------ Notropis rubrifrons (?).
Glaridacris catostomi Cooper------------------ Catostomus commersonii.
Ligula chilomyctert Linton_-__----------------- Chilomycterus schoepfi.
WEA G WIGS) Palinurichthys perciformis.
Spathebothrium simplex Linton _-------------- Liparis liparis, Microgadus tomcod.
Bothrimonus intermedius Cooper-------------- Acanthocottus octedecimspinosus, Microgadus tomcod, Mo-
rone americana, Tautoga onitis.
Fistulicola plicatus (Rudolphi) - -------------- Xiphias gladius.
Bothriocephalus scorpti (Miiller)----~---------- Anguilia rostrata, Clupea harengus, Hemitripterus american-
us, Hippoglossous platessoides, Lophius piscatorius,
Lophopsetta maculata, Menticirrhus saratilis, Merluccius
bilinearis, Oligoplites saurus, Palinurichthys perciformis,
Paralichthys dentatus, P.oblongus, Pollachius virens, Pomo-
lobus pseudoharengus, Poronotus triacanthus, Seriola
zonata, Trachurops cruwmenophthalmus, Urophycis chuss,
Zygonectes diaphanus.
Bothriocephalus claviceps (Goeze) ------------- Acanthocottus aeneus, A. octodecimspinosus, Apeltes quad-
racus, Cyclopterus lumpus, Gladiunculus bispinosus,
Limanda ferruginea, Pseudopleuronectes americanus.
Bothriocephalus manubriformis (Linton) ----_-- Tstiophorus americanus.
Bothriocephalus restiformis (Linton) ---------- Tylosui us caribbaeus.
IBOETiOCEDIALWSiSD =a Exocoetus volitans.
Bothriocephalus sp. Immature (plerocerci), | Acanthocottus aencus, Boirdiella chrysura, Centropristes
usually encysted. striatus, Clupea harengus, Decapterus macarellus, D. punc-
tatus, Hemitripterus americanus, Lagocephalus laevigatus,
Lophopsetta maculata, Menticirrhus sazatilis, Microgadus
tomcod, Paralichthys dentatus, P. oblongus, Peprilus paru,
Pneumatophorus grex, Pomatomus saltatriz, Pomolobus
pseudoharengus, Poronotus triacanthus, Remora remora,
Sarda sarda, Scomber scombrus, Seriola lalandi, Sphoe-
roides maculatus, Stenotomus chrysops, Syrictes fuscus,
Tautogolabrus adspersus, Urophycis chuss.
Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi)-_--______] Fundulus majalis, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, Lophius pis
catorius, Merluccius bilinearis, Pomatomus saitatriz,
Sphoeroides maculatus, Squalus acanthias, Urophycts chuss,
U. tenuis.
Abothrium rugosum (Batsch) _---------------- Gadus morrhua, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Microgadus
tomcod, Pollachius virens, Urophycis tenuis.
Ancistrocephalus microcephalus (Rudolphi)_--} Mola mola.
Ancistrocephalus aluterae (Linton) -__---------- Ceratacanthus schoepfi.
Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Creplin) -__--_- Anguilla rostrata,
iProceocephals.sp=2 222 24-3 ee eee Zygonectes diaphanus.
Corallobothrium fimbriatum Essex-__----------- Ameiurus nebulosus.
Since this paper is based on material not heretofore reported upon,
data that have already been published, relating to habitats, fre-
quency of occurrence, degree of parasitism, and the like, have not
been included in the summaries.
CESTODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 419
Family CARYOPHYLLAEIDAE Leuckart
Genus CARYOPHYLLAEUS Gmelin
CARYOPHYLLAEUS TEREBRANS (Linton)
PuiatE 60, Ficures 1-3
Monobothrium terebrans Linton, Rep. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1889-91, pp. 548-552,
figs. 1-21, 1893 (from Catostomus ardens).
Caryophyllaeus terebrans (Linton) Huntsr, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 11, pp. 399-
408, figs. 1, 30, 31, 51, 72, 1930.
Specimen from Notropis rubrifrons (?).—Collected June 14, 1916,
by Vinal N. Edwards at Waquoit Bay (U.S.N.M. No. 8852). Max-
imum length 6 mm., breadth 0.6 mm., thickness 0.3 mm.
Nearly linear, slightly narrowed at anterior end, which is thickish
and rounded. The vitellaria, in a specimen 6 mm. long, begin about
0.7 mm. from the anterior end and extend to the posterior end, except
where interrupted by the uterus and ovary. The testes, about 25,
occupy a relatively broad area along the median region from a point
about 0.8 mm. back of the anterior end nearly to the anterior folds of
the uterus, a distance of about 4.7 mm. They are surrounded dor-
sally, ventrally, and laterally by the vitellaria. The many-lobed
ovary, 1.25 mm. from the posterior end, appears to be symmetrical and
extends from margin to margin. One division of the uterus les
behind the ovary, and another and larger division lies in front of the
ovary. Ova 0.039 to 0.048 by 0.03 to 0.039 mm.
In a series of sagittal sections, the cirrus bulb, with the vagina at
its posterior border, is seen to lie at the anterior edge of the uterus.
The cirrus bulb is only moderately muscular, its length about one-
third the thickness of the body. The uterus appears to enter the
vagina near the base of the cirrus bulb (pl. 60, fig. 3).
Genus GLARIDACRIS Cooper
GLARIDACRIS CATOSTOMI Cooper
For a full account of this species, see Hunter, 1980.3
Specimens from Catostomus commersonii.—Collected on two dates
by Vinal N. Edwards:
June 4, 1913—8 specimens, 6 to 17 mm. long in formalin; 25 fishes
examined.
May 13, 1914—9 specimens from 4 fishes, 10 to 18 mm. long in
formalin; 9 fishes examined.
Ova, average of five, 0.071 by 0.041 mm.; maximum 0.075 by
0.024 mm., minimum 0.069 by 0.039 mm.
U.S.N.M. No. 8853.
3 Hunter, G. W., Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 11, pp. 419-430, figs. 2, 25, 44, 45, 1930.
420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 90
Family DIPHYLLOBOTHRIIDAE Liihe
Genus LIGULA Bloch
Cooper * refers all members of this genus to the one species: Ligula
intestinalis (Linnaeus). Cestodes apparently belonging here have
been found in two species of fishes of the Woods Hole region.
LIGULA CHILOMYCTERI Linton
Ligula chilomyctert Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 19, pp. 788-789, pl. 1,
fig. 1, 1897.
From Chilomycterus schoepfi.
LIGULA species
PuateE 60, Fiaure 4
Specimen from Palinurichthys perciformis.—Collected August 17,
1904; three fragments of strobila, 27, 18, and 10. 5 mm. long, respec-
tively; maximum breadth 5.5 mm.; maximum thickness 4 mm.; mini-
mum breadth 2 mm.; from intestine, somewhat macerated. This
specimen (U.S.N.M. No. 8854) is represented in the collection by
two slides of transverse sections, the median and larger of which
measures 3.71 by 2.45 mm. There is a thin layer of delicate longi-
tudinal muscles next to the cuticle, followed in turn by a conspicuous
layer of longitudinal muscles surrounding the inner, parenchymatous
area. Thickness of cuticle about 0.005 mm., of outer parenchyma-
tous layer 0.63 mm., of longitudinal muscle layer 0.36 mm., of inner
parenchymatous area 0.63 mm. The muscle bundles of the con-
spicuous longitudinal muscle layer are, for the most part, flat and thin;
cross sections of larger bundles are about 0.18 by 0.012 mm.
What appears to be a unique feature of these sections is the occur-
rence of a band of longitudinal muscle fibers at each lateral margin
of the inner parenchymatous area extending from the region of the
nerve cord to a point corresponding to the marginal limit of the
layer of longitudinal muscles. These bundles are more or less ellipti-
cal in cross section; dimensions of one of the larger cross sections,
0.06 by 0.021 mm. (pl. 60, fig. 4).
Family CYATHOCEPHALIDAE Nybelin |
Genus SPATHEBOTHRIUM Linton
SPATHEBOTHRIUM SIMPLEX Linton
PLATE 60, Fiagure 5
Spathebothrium simplex Linton, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., vol. 41, p. 118-121,
pl. 15, 1922 (from Liparis liparis).
Specimen from Microgadus tomcod.—Collected April 23, 1920, by
Vinal N. Edwards (U.S.N.M. No. 8856). Measurements in formalin:
‘ Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 4, pp. 306-318, 1919.
CESTODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 421
Length 34 mm., breadth 2.5 mm., narrowing to 2 mm. at posterior
end; without bothria and unsegmented. Measurements in balsam:
Length 30 mm., maximum breadth about 2.2 mm., tapering anteriorly,
posterior end bluntly rounded. The vitellaria begin 1 mm. from the
anterior end and continue to a point about 0.4 mm. from the poste-
rior end. The strobila is mature, the uterus occupying the greater
part of the median region, the first ova appearing 1.3 mm. from the
anterior end. The ovaries, which have the appearance of clusters of
distinct lobes, are crowded by the gravid uterus to one side or other
of the median line. The vitellaria le in an unbroken line along each
lateral margin of the strobila. The characteristic sphincter muscle
at the orifice of the vagina could be distinguished, but details of cirrus
and vagina were masked by the accumulation of ova in the uterus.
Measurements of ova in specimens from Liparis liparis and in
specimen from Microgadus tomcod, about 0.033 by 0.018 mm.
Genus BOTHRIMONUS Duvernoy
BOTHRIMONUS INTERMEDIUS Cooper
PuaTe 60, Ficures 6, 7
Bothrimonus intermedius Coormr, Journ. Parasit., vol. 4, p. 35, 1917; Illinois
Biol. Mon., vol. 4, pp. 351-57, figs. 6-8, 45, 81, 94, 1919.
Specimen from Acanthocottus octodecimspinosus.—Collected April
21, 1916, by Vinal N. Edwards; one strobila and fragments (U.S.N.M.
No. 8857). Aggregate length in formalin 15 mm., maximum breadth
in balsam 0.7 mm., breadth of scolex 0.53 mm.
Specimens from Microgadus tomcod.—Collected by Mr. Edwards
on three dates in April in three different years, 1 on one date, 2 on
another, and 17 on another. Lengths in formalin 4 to 50 mm.,
maximum breadth 1.4 mm. in balsam (U.S.N.M. No. 8858).
Specimens from Morone americana.—Collected by Mr. Edwards
on two dates in April and one in May (U.S.N.M. No. 8859) in two
different years, 1 strobila on date in May, 7 on one of the dates in
April, and 51 from one fish on the other April date. Lengths 12
to 53 mm., breadths 0.5 to2 mm. Measurements of longest strobila
in formalin: Length 53 mm., maximum breadth 1.65 mm., at point
about 0.5 mm. from posterior end 0.6 mm., scolex length 0.75 mm.,
breadth 1.35 mm. In formalin scolex opaque, strobila translucent
bluish, genitalia ivory white.
Specimens from Tautoga onitis——Collected by Mr. Edwards on
two dates in April, 1 on one date and 2 on the other. Lengths 8, 18,
and 20 mm. in formalin, maximum breadth 2mm. Measurements in
balsam: Length 18 mm., breadth (anterior) 0.36 mm., breadth
(maximum) 1.31 mm., length of scolex 0.5 mm., breadth 0.67 mm.
(U.S.N.M. No. 8860).
422 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 90
Family TRIAENOPHORIDAE Lénnberg
Genus FISTULICOLA Liihe
FISTULICOLA PLICATUS (Rudolphi)
Bothriocephalus plicatus Rupouiput, Entozoorum synopsis cui accedunt man-
tissa . . ., pp. 1386, 470, 1819.
Dibothrium plicatum (Rudolphi) Linton, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1887, pp.
746-750, pl. 3, figs. 1-€, 1890; Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 4380-431,
1897; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 19, pp. 278, 448, 1901; vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 586,
LOWE
Fistulicola plicatus (Rudolphi) Coorrr, Ulinois Biol. Mon., vol. 4, pp. 377-380,
1919.
Specimens from Xiphias gladius—My record shows that 13 sword-
fishes were examined for Entozoa on seven dates in July in five
different years, and this cestode was present in practically every one,
1 to 9 strobilae present in each, 44 in all. The smallest strobila noted
measured 22 mm. in length and 1.5 mm. in breadth; the largest 240
mm. in length and 12 to 15 mm. in breadth throughout the greater
part of the length. The greatest breadth noted in any strobila was
20 mm. (U.5S.N.M. No. 8861).
The usual habitat of this cestode is the rectum of the host. The
younger specimens are simply attached to the mucous membrane and
are easily detached. The older strobilae are, as a rule, permanently
affixed, the anterior ends penetrating the intestinal wall. Thus, in
an example collected July 13, 1911, it was noted that the part that
lay free in the rectum of the host measured 70 mm. in length and 11
mm. in maximum breadth. The anterior end of the strobila, after
passing through the intestinal wall, continued in an elongated en-
cysted portion in the body cavity. When dissected out, this portion,
which had a diameter of 1 mm. in the intestinal wall and 1.5 to 3 mm.
in the portion that lay in the body cavity, measured 90 mm. long.
It was not complete, since a portion had been cut off and left in the
fish when the viscera were removed.
Cooper (loc. cit., p. 380) records one specimen in the collection of
the University of Illinois, taken by Vinal N. Edwards from Mola mola
at Woods Hole.
Genus ANCISTROCEPHALUS Lithe
ANCISTROCEPHALUS MICROCEPHALUS (Rudolphi)
Dibothrium microcephalum Rudolphi, Linton, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1887,
pp. 736-745, pl. 2, figs. 5-18, 1890; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 19, pp. 282,
465, 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, p. 586, 1911.
Ancistrocephalus microcephalus (Rudolphi) Liyron, Fisheries and marine biolog-
ical survey, Union of South Africa, Rep. No. 3, for 1922, pp. 12, 18, figs.
35-40, 1924.
For references to literature see Stiles and Hassall, Hyg. Lab. U. S. Public Health
Serv. Bull. 84, pp. 101, 102, 198 (Anchistrocephalus microcephalus, Ancistro-
CESTODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 423
cephalus microcephaius, and Dihothriwm microcephalum), 1912; for correct
spelling of generic name see Liihe, Centralbl. Bakt. Parasit., vol. 27, p. 209,
1900.
Specimens from Mola mola.—Three sunfishes have been examined
for Entozoa since the last report was made. The first and third of
these came from a trap at Menemsha Bight, the second from a trap
at Buzzards Bay, near Woods Hole. Each had been kept alive in the
Bureau of Fisheries pool for about a week. Cestodes of this species
found as follows:
September 23, 1923: 7 strobilae, young and adult, and a few frag-
ments from intestine. Straightened in 70 percent alcohol the strobilae
relaxed and became longer than they had been in sea water. The
two largest measured: Lengths 725 and 650 mm., breadths 8 and 9
mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8903).
July 19, 1926: 9 from anterior end of alimentary canal; maximum
length 356 mm., minimum 30 mm.; all immature.
July 13, 1927: 28 slender, immature, most of them in a tangled
mass.
ANCISTROCEPHALUS ALUTERAE (Linton)
PLATE 62, Fiaures 20-22
Dibothrium aluterae Linton, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1886, pp. 458-459, pl.
1, figs. 5-8, 1889; Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 19, p. 464, 1901.—SriLEs
and Hassauu, Hyg. Lab. U. S. Public Health Serv. Bull. 85, p. 196, 1912.
Specimens from Ceratacanthus schoepfi.—Five strobilae collected
July 28, 1920, from intestine of one fish examined; maximum length
115 mm. These strobilae appeared to be immature, but transverse
sections, 200 or more, contained sections of three ova, the largest
of which measured 0.072 by 0.042 mm. The testes in these sections
are conspicuous, 0.06 to 0.09 mm. in greatest diameter, with developed
sperm. The aperture of the cirrus and vagina is marginal (U.S.N.M.
No. 8904).
Larval stage (pl. 62, fig. 22): Plerocerci (U.S.N.M. No. 8905),
presumably of this species, are of frequent occurrence in the filefish,
encysted, sometimes free, usually in enormous numbers, especially
in the walls of the stomach and intestine, but also often in the muscular
tissue in ail parts of the body, in the kidneys and on the viscera
generally, in the pericardial cavity, and on the outside of the ventricle.
Thirteen filefishes were examined on four dates in July, eight in
August, and one in September in 11 different years. To these may be
added the intestine of a filefish containing numerous encysted plero-
cerci that was brought to my laboratory by Dr. E. B. Krumbhaar on
August 17, 1929.
Following are a few extracts from notes made at the time of col-
lecting Entozoa from the filefish:
424 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
Numerous in wall of stomach and intestine, contractile, 1 to 3 mm.,
numerous coarse granules in parenchyma, characteristic vase shape
when at rest or under pressure.
Very numerous, some encysted, some free, serous coat of stomach
and intestine, mostly slender, chalky white, very contractile.
Numerous in walls of stomach and intestine and muscles in vicinity
of backbone.
July 28, 1920: Filefish, 30 cm. long, in very poor condition. A
large number of transparent cysts on the viscera, approximating in
bulk that of the viscera proper (see Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64,
art. 21, p. 79, 1924). The muscular tissue in all parts of the body
was peppered thickly with these plerocerci. Surrounding many of
the larvae in the muscle tissue were thickish cysts that yielded bubbles
with acid. Larvae very active wavelike enlargements beginning at
anterior end and passing to posterior end. Length variable, extending
to 4 mm. or more, in which case they became very thin, 0.03 to 0.05
mm. in breadth. These cysts were very abundant in the wall of the
alimentary canal, especially on and in the wall of the esophagus.
Family PTYCHOBOTHRIIDAE Liihe
Genus BOTHRIOCEPHALUS Rudolphi
BOTHRIOCEPHALUS SCORPH (Miiller)
PuaTE 60, Figure 8; Puatre 61, Ficurss 9, 10
An extensive synonymy of B. scorpti is given in Cooper’s account of the species:
Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 4, pp. 884-400, 1919.
Cestodes belonging to the genus Bothriocephalus and referable to
B. scorpii or B. claviceps were found in many species of fishes of the
Woods Hole region.
When, on account of the immaturity of the strobila or the unsatis-
factory condition of the material, determination of the species de-
pended upon the character of the scolex and of the anterior portion
of the strobila, those with more or less elongate scolex, bothria shallow
posteriorly, first segments slender, and usually as long as or longer
than broad were referred to scorpii. Those with scolex variously
contracted, usually short and broad, bothria extending to base of
scolex, and first segments crowded together and much broader than
long were referred to claviceps.
Specimens from Anguilla rostrata.—Collected on three dates in
July and one in November, 1 to 9 strobilae on each date. Maximum
length in alcohol 175 mm., maximum breadth 2 mm. (U.S.N.M.
No. 8862).
CESTODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 425
Measurements in balsam
Scolex
eng hwera> | Pereey. Ri ea. reyes 0. 65 17133 1. 05
Maximuim@borea dith = sees 2 .19 ne) rere
First segment:
ene Ghee ss aaeia ops Be Re verte ye v2 . 14 . 28
Brea tiaras eye es eee Bee ie 8 Set, ao Pll
. 05 . 054 . 062
iv aE ey SEA ee EP Crys ret er eee by by by
703 . 036 . 032
Specimen from Clupea harengus.—One immature (U.S.N.M. No.
8863) collected May 11, 1916; segments not yet developed; scolex
in balsam, length 1.05 mm., maximum breadth 0.21 mm.
Specimens from Hemitripterus americanus.—Cestodes (U.S.N.M.
No. 8864) referred to this species were collected on two dates in
January, one in February, two in April, eight in May, four in June,
two in July, three in October, five in November, and three in Decem-
ber in 13 different years. Sixty-one fishes were examined on 32
dates, and this cestode was found in 46 of them on 30 of the 32 dates.
All examinations, except those of July, were made by Vinal N.
Edwards. In January he examined seven fishes and noted: ‘“‘Worms
in all, some of them 5 feet long.” In one bottle that contains worms
from one fish collected in January there were 14 strobilae with scoleces,
maximum length 700 mm. On another date 3 strobilae were found
in one fish, aggregate length 300 mm., maximum breadth 4.5 mm.
On one date in February five fishes were examined, and Mr. Edwards
noted: “Stomach contained tautog and cunners, very many tape-
worms, some 6 feet when stretched.’”’ In a bottle containing worms
from one fish collected on this date there were 43 strobilae, which,
together with fragments, aggregated a total length of 1,223.5 cm.,
or 40 feet.
On one date in April three fishes yielded 6 strobilae, maximum
length 540 mm., aggregate length 156.5 cm.; from one fish on another
date fragments of strobilae were obtained aggregating 354 mm. in
length. In May nine fishes were examined, each on a different date
and in seven different years. One to three strobilae were found
on each of eight dates, maximum length 1,045 mm., maximum
breadth 5 mm. On one date 210 strobilae were collected from one
fish, maximum length 175 mm., maximum breadth 2 mm., a very few
with ripe segments.
In June, fishes were examined on three dates in different years, one
fish on each date. Three strobilae were found on one date and one
on each of the others, maximum length 500 mm., aggregate length
2,490 mm.
In July, two fishes were examined on different dates in different
years. Several cestodes were obtained on one date and one on the
other, maximum length 250 mm., maximum breadth 2 mm.
292965—41 —2
426 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
In October, six fishes were examined in separate years. Two
strobilae from one fish, aggregate length 945 mm., maximum breadth
2 mm.; no ripe segments. Two strobilae and a fragment from one
fish, maximum length 115 mm. Three strobilae from four fishes,
maximum length 440 mm., maximum breadth 6.5 mm.
In November, 17 fishes were examined on five dates in three different
years: (1) Two from one fish, length 155 and 215 mm., breadth 1.5
and 6.3 mm.; (2) eight fishes, one from one fish and four and fragments
from others, maximum length 275 mm., maximum breadth 3.5 to 5
mm.; (3) one from one fish, length 290 mm., breadth 3.25 mm.; (4)
three and fragments from three fishes, maximum length 630 mm.,
ageregate length 234.2 cm.; (5) one and fragments from four fishes,
maximum length 272 mm., aggregate length 850 mm.
In December, seven fishes were examined on three dates: (1) Frag-
ments aggregating 151 mm. from three fishes, breadth 2 mm.; (2)
three from three fishes, lengths 182, 210, and 652 mm., maximum
breadth 4.5 mm., and two small slender strobilae, lengths 35 and
58 mm., maximum breadth 0.5 mm.; (8) 11 strobilae with scoleces
and fragments from one fish, aggregating 265 cm.; largest strobila,
nearly linear, length 435 mm., maximum breadth 3 mm.
Cross sections of these cestodes from the sea raven show the longi-
tudinal muscles to be fascicled. Ova 0.066 to 0.072 mm. by 0.033
to 0.039 mm., average of ten 0.067 by 0.037 mm.
Specimens from Hippoglossus platessoides.—The only record I have
of these cestodes from the sand-dab is that of two strobilae, lengths
100 and 64 mm., maximum breadth 3 mm., collected by Mr. Edwards
on November 12, 1898 (U.S.N.M. No. 8865). There are, however,
in the collection three scoleces mounted in balsam and a series of
sections. The scoleces agree with B. scorpii; the first segments are a
little broader than long. Measurements in balsam: Scolex, length
1.29 mm., breadth 0.28 mm.; first segment length 0.15 mm., anterior
breadth 0.24 mm., posterior 0.29 mm. Ova 0.054 to 0.066 mm. by
0.03 to 0.036 mm. (pl. 61, fig. 9).
Specimens from Lophius piscatorius.—Collected May 6, 1913, by
Vinal N. Edwards from seven fishes examined, two strobilae. Lengths
90 and 130 mm., maximum breadth 3 mm.
Specimens from Lophopsetta maculata.—I have recorded this species
under the name Dibothrium punctatum (Rudolphi) from this fish
previously.°
My unpublished records show that 140 windowpanes have been
examined for Entozoa on 54 dates in 14 different years. This cestode
was found on one date each in June, July, September, October, and
5 Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1887, pp. 731-736, pl. 2, figs. 1-4, 1890; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, p. 430,
1897; Bull. U. 8. Bur, Fish., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 586, 1911.
CESTODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 427
November in 8 different years. Examinations were made in every
month of the year except March and December. The collection
consisted of 12 strobilae and fragments. Maximum length 360 mm.,
maximum breadth 2.5 mm. Measurements in balsam: Scolex length
2.52 mm., breadth 0.36 mm.; first segment length 0.28 mm., anterior
breadth 0.14 mm., posterior 0.21 mm. Ova 0.054 to 0.06 mm. by 0.03
to 0.033 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8866).
Specimens from Menticirrhus saxatilis—Immature strobilae (U.S.
N.M. No. 8867) collected on four occasions are here recorded. June
29, 1910, many from one fish; June 19, 1910, three; July 21, 1910, ten;
July 21, 1926, one, length 8 mm. Maximum length in balsam 35
mm., maximum breadth 0.56 mm. (pl. 60, fig. 8).
Measurements in balsam
Scolex:
LenpGne tet oli e le oe ee 1. 96 1. 68 1.19 1. 54
Bredathye je) po Tee ee . 28 . 25 . 22 . 22
First segment:
Wen gies. 2 0eks Ses | ES Ee . 49 . 24 . 32 .18
Breathe io 44 eee ee 14 . 24 . 25 .14
Specimens from Merluccius bilinearis—I have recorded this species
under the name Dibothrium angustatum (Rudolphi) previously from
this fish® (U.S.N.M. No. 8868).
Specimens from Oligoplites saurus.—Four small immature strobilae
were taken from one fish July 14, 1924. Measurements in balsam:
Length 7 mm.; breadth 0.31 mm.; scolex length 1.4 mm., breadth of
terminal disk 0.14 mm., near anterior end 0.2 mm., near posterior end
0.13 mm., at posterior end 0.14 mm.; first segment length 0.14 mm.,
anterior breadth 0.14 mm., posterior 0.15 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8869).
Specimens from Palinurichthys perciformis.—Recorded from this
fish by me under the name Dibothrium punctatum (Rudolphi).’ It
has also been recorded from Woods Hole by Cooper.’ Two slender
immature specimens were taken from this fish on August 17, 1904;
maximum length 115 mm., maximum breadth 1.6 mm.; most of the
segments longer than broad (U.S.N.M. No. 8870). Also two, each
about 12 mm. long, segments irregular, on August 20, 1910.
Specimens from Paralichthys dentatus.—This species under the
name Dibothrium punctatum (Rudolphi) has been recorded by me’
and by Cooper.’ It was collected on three dates in August in two
different years. On one date the record is one and fragments; on
another, one, length 40 mm.; and on the other, one, length not given.
Fragments, apparently of the same strobila, have an aggregate length
of 150 mm.; maximum breadth 3 mm.; first segments slender, longer
than wide; ova 0.06 by 0.03 mm. (pl. 61, fig. 10) (U.S.N.M. No. 8871).
6 Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 19, p. 474, fig. 269, 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 585, 1911.
7 Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, p. 586, 1911.
8 Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 4, p. 387, 1919.
428 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
Specimens from Paralichthys oblongus.—Specimens from this fish
have been recorded by me® under the name Dibothrvum punctatum
(Rudolphi).
Collected on one date in May, four in June, three in August, in six
different years; 17 strobilae obtained, maximum length noted 70 mm.
One of the two slides in the collection contains two scoleces and
fragments of immature strobilae aggregating a length of 85 mm.,
maximum breadth 0.77 mm.; scoleces, lengths 1.33 and 1.61 mm.,
breadths 0.22 and 0.26 mm.; first segments, lengths 0.3 and 0.24 mm.,
breadths 0.16 and 0.17 mm. The other slide contains one scolex and
fragments evidently belonging to the same strobila, total length 65
mm., maximum breadth 3 mm.; scolex length 2.31 mm., breadth
0.34 mm.; first segment length 0.21 mm., anterior breadth 0.33 mm.,
posterior 0.42 mm.; ova 0.064 to 0.06 by 0.03 to 0.033 mm. (U.S.N.M.
No. 8872).
Specimens from Pollachius virens.—Collected August 19, 1908, one
scolex and fragments of strobila, 10 and 25 mm. long, breadth 0.4
mm.; scolex length 0.7, breadth 0.28 mm.
Specimen from Pomolobus pseudoharengus.—One immature col-
lected November 3, 1913. Length in formalin 14 mm.; scolex length
2.15 mm., breadth anterior 0.19 mm., maximum 0.52 mm., at base
0.21 mm.; first segment length 0.6 mm., breadth 0.25 mm.; length of
scolex in balsam 2mm. The segments show a tendency to divide at
middle of length (U.S.N.M. No. 8873).
Specimens from Poronotus triacanthus.—Previously recorded from
this fish by me under the name Dibothrium angustatum (Rudolphi).”
Specimens from Seriola zonata.—Immature strobilae collected
September 16, 1913, lengths 2, 16, and 22 mm. in formalin (U.S.N.M.
No. 8874).
Measurements
Scolex:
MSTA Ge rene ree ace Ree een oe LE nee 1.19 1, 50
Breadthen (Zt Poet 5 page io ictye necay hy oper). put eres aA . 21 . 28
First segment:
MENG the See Sree Prec eee ee et Wee ween cree eran . 28 arts
IBRGAG tHE 452 che \a Vac pagal, meets eee ee aN Pei pee . 08 . 14
Average length of first 5 segments_____._._____-=--_ = Al . 21
Specimens from Trachurops crumenophthalmus.—Recorded from
this fish as Dibothrium punctatum (Rudolphi) by me ! and by Cooper.”
Collected on two dates in August, four in September (U.S.N.M.
No. 8875), and one in October, 1 to 12 on each date; immature
strobilae with elongate scolex, segments usually longer than wide,
associated with vase-shaped plerocerci. Measurements in balsam:
® Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 19, p. 484, 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, p. 586, 1911.
10 Bull. U. 8S. Fish. Comm., vol. 19, p. 454, 1901; Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, p. 585, 1911.
1! Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm., vol. 31, p. 586, 1911.
12 Tjlinois Biol. Mon., vol. 4, p. 388, 1919.
CESTODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 429
Scolex length 1.54 mm., breadth 0.25 mm.; first segments, average of
five, length 0.41 mm., breadth of fifth segment 0.22 mm.; another
scolex, length 1.65 mm., anterior breadth 0.19 mm., middle 0.3 mm.,
base 0.018 mm.
Specimens from Urophycis chuss.—Recorded from this fish under
the name Dibothrium punctatum (Rudolphi) by me * and by Cooper."
A large number of hakes were examined by Edwards through a long
series of years. Cestodes here noted were collected on 26 dates in nine
different years: 14 on seven dates in May, 81 fishes examined; 1 on one
date in June, 10 fishes examined; 5 on three dates in August, 14 fishes
examined; 23 on seven dates in October, 44 fishes examined; 11 on
eight dates in November, 195 fishes examined. The largest number
recorded from one fish is eight. Largest strobila, length 108 mm.,
breadth 2mm. In most cases the strobilae were immature. In one
specimen, collected October 3, 1915, mounted in balsam, length 32
mm., breadth 1.6 mm., there are segments with ova, 0.06 by 0.03 mm.
Measurements in balsam: Scolex length 1.33 mm., breadth, marginal
view, 0.28 mm.; first segment length 0.28 mm., anterior breadth 0.15
mm., posterior 0.19 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8876).
Specimens from Zygonectes diaphanus.—Two collected August 22,
1916, lengths 6 and 12 mm. Measurements in balsam: Scolex
length 0.7 mm., breadth 0.22 mm., anterior disk 0.21 mm.; first seg-
ment length 0.15 mm., anterior breadth 0.14 mm., posterior 0.18 mm. ;
posterior segments, average length of eight, 0.42 mm., breadth 1 mm.;
ova 0.048 to 0.057 by 0.03 to 0.036 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8877).
BOTHRIOCEPHALUS CLAVICEPS (Goeze)
PuateE 61, Ficurss 11-13
For full account of this species, including synonymy, see Cooper, Illinois Biol.
Mon., vol. 4, pp. 402-410, 1919.
To this species are referred cestodes of the genus that are character-
ized by having the first segments usually crowded and much broader
than long, with the scolex assuming a variety of shapes from elongate
to nearly spherical, the bothrial pits extending to the base of the scolex.
The ova are thin-shelled and often collapsed and show but faintly
through the body wall, in contrast with B. scorpii, in which the shells
of the ova are thicker, the masses of ova showing as dark-brown blotches
in strobilae with ripe segments.
Specimens from Acanthocottus aeneus.—Recorded by me” from
this fish under the name Dibothrium punctatum (Rudolphi).
A large number of sculpins were examined for Entozoa over a long
series of years. Cestodes of this species were found on 20 dates in
13 Bull. U. S. Bur, Fish., vol. 31, p. 586, 1911.
14 Tlinois Biol. Mon., vol. 4, p. 388, 1919.
18 Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, p. 586, 1911.
430 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 90
January, when 335 fishes were examined and 64 strobilae found; on
five dates in February, 40 fishes examined, 10 strobilae; four dates in
March, 110 fishes, 10 strobilae; four dates in April, 110 fishes, 16
strobilae; four dates in May, 45 fishes, 11 strobilae; one date in June,
one fish, 6 strobilae; one date in July, 1 fish, 3 strobilae; one date in
October, 20 fishes, 3 strobilae; two dates in November, 9 fishes, 5
strobilae; 11 dates in December, 649 fishes, 54 strobilae. On a few
dates the number of fishes was not recorded, in which cases one fish
was counted.
Maximum length noted 300 mm., maximum breadth 5mm. Meas-
urements of four scoleces in formalin:
Lengih Breadth
0. 70 0. 38
. 52 - 48
38 . 34
35 Oo)
Ova thin-shelled, many collapsed, 0.072 by 0.042 mm. (U.S.N.M.
No. 8878).
Specimen from Acanthocottus octodecimspinosus.—Recorded by
me © from this fish under the name Dibothrium punctatum (Rudolphi).
The common sculpin was examined for Entozoa by Edwards on
many dates over a long series of years. On a few dates the number
of fishes examined was not recorded. In such cases one fish was
counted in preparing the following summary. The record then shows
that 7 fishes were examined in January on three dates; 6 in February
on one date; 10 in March on two dates; 182 in April on 32 dates; 70 in
May on 17 dates; 5 in June on one date; one in July on one date;
767 in October on 39 dates; 846 in November on 45 dates; 32 in
December on five dates.
Following is a summary of collections of cestodes (U.S.N.M. No.
8879) made by Edwards from this fish: 2 on one date in February, 6
fishes examined; 6 on two dates in March, 10 fishes; 50 on 20 dates in
April, 123 fishes; 15 on eight dates in May, 52 fishes; 12 on 10 dates in
October, 436 fishes; 20 on 12 dates in November, 251 fishes; 3 on two
dates in December, 23 fishes.
Strobilae with ripe segments were found in all the months in which
these cestodes were collected except January. Following are the
maximum measurements of strobilae noted:
Length Breadth
Rebruary = 2 orfin eo 8E et ee i ee a Phe 160 4
INN Sir Cnt satay al ef aetna pe me 235 4.5
April Baro OTP Wie eS SCS a). 8375 6. 55
Nip oy 8 og A Beet gle Nt hee 86 (Not recorded.)
Octoberes 54 ee oe ie oe ee 170 4. 25
November. £20005 S'O sr actin Sit et 115 4
December 22 2 tee eee ee 215 4
16 Bull, U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, p. 586, 1911.
CESTODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 431
There is considerable variation in the proportions of the scolex. Thus,
the length, breadth, and thickness of two in formalin were 0.75, 0.72,
0.55 and 0.9, 0.97, 0.73 mm.; another in glycerin: Length 1.65, breadth
0.43 mm. Following are lengths and breadths of scoleces in balsam:
0.3 by 0.19, 0.31 by 0.25, 0.42 by 0.28, 0.5 by 0.32, 0.5 by 0.36, 0.7
by 0.38, 0.98 by 0.28, 1.4 by 0.28, 1.7 by 0.25 mm. Measurements of
the first segment in a typical strobila: Length 0.07 mm., breadth
0.56 mm. In an immature strobila with maximum breadth about 1
mm., the length of the first segment was 0.15 mm., anterior breadth
0.22 mm., posterior 0.35 mm. Ova thin-shelled and in most cases
collapsed in sections and balsam mounts; average of 10:0.068 by 0.039
mm.; largest 0.075 by 0.045 mm.; smallest 0.06 by 0.036 mm.
Specimen from Apeltes quadracus.—One collected April 21, 1911;
12 fishes examined. Length in formalin 31 mm., breadth 2.8 mm.
Measurements in balsam: Length 16 mm., breadth 2.4 mm.; scolex
length 0.84 mm., anterior breadth 0.24 mm., posterior 0.35 mm.;
first segment length 0.24 mm., anterior 0.48 mm., posterior 0.58 mm.;
ova thin-shelled, average of 19: 0.063 by 0.036 mm. (U.S.N.M. No.
8880).
Specimen from Cyclopterus lumpus.—One collected May 6, 1913;
7 fishes examined. Length in formalin 90 mm. Measurements in
balsam: Scolex length 0.6 mm., thickness 0.3 mm.; first segment length
0.06 mm., breadth 0.24 mm.; posterior segments, length 0.56 mm.,
breadth 1.4 mm.; median segments, length 0.21 mm., breadth 1.96
mm.; ova 0.054 by 0.03 (pl. 61, fig. 13) (U.S.N.M. No. 8881).
Specimens from Gladiunculus bispinosus.—Recorded from this fish
by Cooper.*®
Cestodes (U.S.N.M. No. 8882) referred to this species were collected
by Edwards from the stickleback as follows: April: 12 on four dates,
450 fishes examined; 23 on two dates, number of fishes examined not
recorded. May: 7 on two dates, 120 fishes examined; 25 on three dates,
number of fishes examined not recorded. June: 4 on two dates, 80
fishes examined; 1 on one date, number of fishes examined not recorded.
Collections made in five different years. Maximum length 75 mm.,
maximum breadth 2.7 mm. Scoleces elongate to very short; bothrial
pits extend to base of scolex; first segments, except in immature strobi-
lae, short, crowded, much broader than long. Ova thin-shelled, about
0.51 to 0.63 by 0.3 to 0.42 mm.
Measurements in balsam: Length 18 mm.; maximum breadth
2.1 mm.; scolex length 0.21 mm., breadth 0.28 mm.; first segment
length 0.08 mm., breadth 0.35 mm.; last segment length 0.28 mm.,
breadth 0.91 mm.; ova 0.051 by 0.033 mm. Ova appear about 4.27
mm. from anterior end.
16 Tlinois Biol. Mon., vol. 4, p. 404, 1919.
432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 90
Specimens from Limanda ferruginea.—Recorded previously by me ”
from this fish under the name Dibothrium punctatum (Rudolphi).
Four strobilae and fragments collected December 10, 1904, from
three of five fishes examined; length of longest 72 mm., maximum
breadth 5mm. Three collected April 19, 1910, by Vinal N. Edwards
from two fishes examined (worms in each); maximum length 133 mm.,
breadth 4.5 mm.
Measurements in balsam: Scolex length 1.68 mm., maximum
breadth 0.55 mm.; first segment length 0.07 mm., breadth 0.6 mm.;
ova 0.06 to 0.072 by 0.033 to 0.0389 mm.; average of 10: 0.065 by
0.036 mm. (pl. 61, fig. 11) (U.S.N.M. No. 8883).
Specimens from Pseudopleuronectes americanus.—Recorded by me ®
from this fish under the name Dibothrium punctatum (Rudolphi).
Collected from the winter flounder on one date in January, two
fishes examined, one strobila, immature, length 7 mm.; 8 on six dates
in February, 92 fishes examined, maximum length 80 mm.; 2 on one
date in April, 2 fishes examined, maximum length 60 mm.; 1 on one
date in August, 7 fishes examined, length 84 mm.; 1 on two dates in
December, 14 fishes examined, length 267 mm. Collections, except
in August, by Vinal N. Edwards.
Measurements in balsam: Scolex length 0.6 mm., anterior breadth
0.22 mm., middle 0.3 mm.; first segment length 0.14 mm., breadth
0.66 mm.; posterior segment length 0.21 mm., breadth 2.24 mm.;
ova, average of 10 sections, 0.069 by 0.034 mm. (pl. 61, fig.12) U.S.N.M.
No. 8884).
BOTHRIOCEPHALUS MANUBRIFORMIS (Linton)
Dibothrium manubriforme Linton, Rep. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1886, pp. 456-458,
pl. 1, figs. 1-4, 1889 (from Tetrapterus albidus); Rep. U. 8. Fish Comm. for
1887, pp. 728-731, 1890 (from T. albidus and Histiophorus gladius); Proc.
U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, p. 429, 1897 (from Tetrapterus); Bull. U. 8. Fish
Comm., vol. 19, pp. 447-448, 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, p. 586,
1911 (from Jstiophorus nigricans and T. imperator).
Bothriocephalus manubriformis (Linton) Artoua, Arch. Parasit., vol. 3, p. 410,
1900.—Coopkrr, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 4, pp. 421-433, 1919.
Specimens from Istiophorus americanus ".—Fifty strobilae, young
and adult, collected August 17, 1913, by Dr. G. A. MacCallum;
77 strobilae collected August 8, 1927, from intestine near pyloric
caeca, length 10 to 135 mm., maximum breadth 4-mm.
BOTHRIOCEPHALUS RESTIFORMIS (Linton)
Dibothrium restiforme Linton, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1887, pp. 722-728,
pl. 1, figs. 1-16, 1890 (from Tylosurus caribbaeus: U.S.N.M. No. 8885).
7 Rep. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1887, p. 732, 1890; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, p. 480, 1897; U.S. Bur. Fish.,
vol. 31, p. 586, 1911.
18 Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, p. 586, 1911.
19 According to Jordan, Evermann, and Clark’s Check List, the Istiophoridae recorded as hosts of this
species of cestode represent but one species: Istiophorus americanus.
CESTODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 433
Bothriocephalus restiformis (Linton) Arioua, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ.
Genova, 1896, p. 20; Arch. Parasit., vol. 3, pp. 422-423, 1900.
One slide (U.S.N.M. No. 8885).
BOTHRIOCEPHALUS species
Puate 62, Ficure 23
Record is here made of an immature strobila(U.S.N.M. No. 8886),
collected August 9, 1928, from a flyingfish (Hxocoetus volitans).
Measurements in balsam: Length, including two fragments, 6.9
mm.; anterior breadth 0.42 mm., posterior 0.5 mm.; scolex length
1.18 mm., breadth 9.87 mm. The scolex, in dorsoventral view, is
bluntly sagittate, the bothrial pits marginal, with thickened and
irregularly sinuous border. The strobila appears to be unsegmented.
Rudiments of the genitalia begin about 1.5 mm. back of the scolex.
They le along the median line as rather conspicuous granular clusters,
staining strongly with haematoxylin; about 12 of them in the posterior
2 mm. of the strobila.
A note on this pseudophyllidean cestode from a flyingfish was
published in 1934.”
BOTHRIOCEPHALUS species
Larval (plerocercoid) stage, usually encysted, probably for the
most part belonging to the genus Bothriocephalus, is here recorded.
Specimens from Acanthocottus aeneus.—Previously recorded by
me.”!
Specumens from Bairdiella chrysura.—Vase-shaped larvae with
abundant calcareous bodies, collected September 29, 1903.
Specumen from Centropristes striatus.——One plerocercus from a
9-mm. fish, June 30, 1919.
Specimen from Clupea harengus.—Cyst, about 1 mm. long, con-
taining a plerocercus, collected by Dr. Hahn, July 11, 1914.
Specimens from Decapterus macarellus.—Previously recorded by
me.”
Specimen from Decapterus punctatus.—One, actively contractile,
collected August 17, 1906. Length 1.2 to 1.6 mm.; anterior half,
more contractile than posterior, length 0.4 to 0.8 mm., breadth
0.14 mm., diameter of posterior half, 0.07 mm.
Specimens from Hemitripterus americanus.—Two, collected by
Vinal N. Edwards April 12, 1913. Length in formalin 3.5 mm.,
breadth 1 mm.; plump, vase-shaped, yellowish.
20 Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., vol. 53, p. 66, 1 fig., 1934.
41 Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm., vol. 19, p. 467, 1901; Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, p. 586, 1911.
22 Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 19, p. 449, fig. 228, 1901.
434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 90
Specimens from Lagocephalus laevigatus.—A few small cysts,
habitat not recorded but probably from intestinal wall, collected July
17, 1906; plerocercus removed from cyst, length 1.54 mm., breadth
0.388 mm.
Specimen from Lopbopsetta maculata.—One collected by Vinal N.
Edwards September 22, 1905. Length 5 mm., breadth 2 mm., in
formalin.
Specimens from Menticirrhus saxatilis—Two small flask-shaped
plerocerci collected July 19, 1910; length 2.1 mm., breadth 0.7 mm.
Specimens from Microgadus tomcod.—Two slender larvae collected
by Vinal N. Edwards April 8, 1910 (U.S.N.M. No. 8887); length 8
mm., breadth 0.6 mm., in formalin.
Specimens from Paralichthys dentatus.—Collected on two dates in
July and two in August 1905. Of the 15 fishes examined, numerous
cysts containing plerocerci were found in the intestine wall of one and
on the ovary of another; one cyst was noted in each of two fishes.
Specimens from Paralichthys oblongus.—Cysts on intestine and
mesentery, 1 to 4 mm. in diameter, were collected on one date in
May, two in June (U.S.N.M. No. 8888), and two in August; few on
each date. These cysts contained plerocercoidlike larvae of a maximum
length of 4.5 mm., some of which, however, are larval tetrarhynchs.
Specimens from Peprilus paru.—Collected on three dates in July
(U.S.N.M. No. 8889), two in August, and one in September, few to
numerous, on viscera in three different years. The plerocerci are
small, white, slender, actively contracting, from 8 mm. or less to 5
mm. when fully extended, often assuming a vase shape; calcareous
bodies rather large. Measurements in formalin: Length 1.05 mm.,
breadth 0.29 mm.; scolex length 0.1 mm., breadth 0.21 mm. Measure-
ments in balsam: Length 0.88 mm., breadth 0.27 mm.; scolex length
0.08 mm., breadth 0.17 mm.; length of bothrial pit 0.08 mm. Scolex
covered with minute spines.
Specimens from Pneumatophorus grex.—Small plerocerci collected
from intestine on three dates in July and one in August; three fishes
examined on each date; 5 to 12 plerocerci found on each date, most of
them macerated, evidently lately introduced with food.
Specimen from Pomatomus saltatrix.—One small, slender, linear
specimen collected August 27, 1906.
Specimen from Pomolobus pseudoharengus.—One collected October 9,
1914. Length 5 mm., breadth 0.6 mm., in formalin. Filled with
relatively large glandular bodies, 0.03 by 0.07 mm., similar to those
noted in a larval cestode from Sarda sarda.
Specimens from Poronotus triacanthus.—Small, vase-shaped plero-
cerci are recorded from this host on two dates in July and two in
August in four different years; under serous coat of stomach, extending
CESTODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 435
and contracting at anterior end, which is occasionally invaginated;
many calcareous bodies in parenchyma. Measurements under slight
pressure: Length 1.4 mm., breadth 0.18 mm., nearly linear.
Specimen from Remora remora.—One larval cestode collected
July 22, 1919, resembling cestode larvae from H. americanus, M. tom-
cod, and C. schoepfi. Length 13 mm., breadth 2 mm., in balsam.
Specimens from Sarda sarda.—Previously recorded by me.”
Specimens from Scomber scombrus.—Previously recorded by me.”
Numerous cysts, 1 to 3 mm. long, each containing a plerocercus, were
found in washings from viscera August 3, 1906.
Collected on 24 dates in August 1918 from 192 small mackerel, 108
to 185 mm. long, examined for stomach contents. On five dates cysts
containing plerocerci were found in eight fishes, one to few in each
fish. In one fish the cysts were on the viscera; in the other cases they
appeared to have been introduced with the food (U.S.N.M. No. 8890).
Specimen from Seriola lalandi.—One vase-shaped plerocercus from
stomach wall, actively contracting and extending from 5 to 6 mm.,
collected August 14, 1906. Diameter, anterior, 0.6 mm.; maximum,
near anterior end, 0.84 mm.; posterior end 0.21 mm. For a distance
of 3.5 mm. from the anterior end of the body filled with coarse granules,
for the most part oval-elliptical but assuming various shapes where
closely crowded together, about 0.084 to 0.105 by 0.039 to 0.06 mm.
(U.S.N.M. No. 8891).
Specimens from Sphoeroides maculatus.—Six puffers, two on each of
three dates in August, and nine on one July date, out of a large
number of puffers examined, had from a few to rather numerous
larval cestodes encysted on the wall of the intestine. Length of one
cyst 2.5 mm., diameter 0.35 to 0.56 mm.
Specimens from Stenotomus chrysops.—One plerocercus from young
scup collected August 9, 1916, by Dr. G. A. MacCallum.
A small scup, 10 mm. long, with white cysts showing through the
body wall was brought to my attention by Miss Cable, July 27, 1933.
The cysts contained plerocerci with calcareous bodies. Three, com-
pressed slightly, measured: 1.33 by 0.46, 1.4 by 0.42, and 1.89 by
0.7 mm.
Specimen from Syrictes fuscus.—One from a 45-mm. fish col-
lected July 15,1919. Length 0.37 mm., breadth 0.15 mm., thickness of
cuticle 0.006 mm., diameter of calcareous bodies 0.012 mm. (U.S.N.M.
No. 8892).
Specimen from Tautogolabrus adspersus.—One vase-shaped plero-
cercus, active, the anterior end, with short spines, capable of consider-
33 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 19, p. 789, pl. 9, figs. 2, 3, 1897; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 19, pp. 278,
300, fig. 100, 1901.
4 Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 19, p. 445, 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, p. 586, 1911.
436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
able alterations, frequently invaginated, full of rather large calcareous
bodies, collected July 21, 1904. Length 2 mm., breadth 0.6 mm.
(pl. 61, fig. 14) (U.S.N.M. No. 88938).
One plerocercus, encysted, collected August 11, 1906.
Specimens from Urophycis chuss.—Plerocerci in cysts under serous
coat of intestine collected November 1, 1904.
Genus CLESTOBOTHRIUM Liihe
CLESTOBOTHRIUM CRASSICEPS (Rudolphi)
PuateE 61, FigtKces 15-18
An extensive account of this species, including synonymy, is given by Cooper.
The species is readily recognized by the more or less globose scolex,
with conspicuous dorsoventral bothria, the segmentation of the
strobila beginning immediately behind the scolex; the mature pro-
glottides often partly divided by false articulations; genital cloaca
median, dorsal. It will be noted that strobilae have been collected
from the whiting (Merluccius bilinearis) that are nearly double the
maximum length of 92 mm. recorded by Cooper.
Although this cestode is recorded from nine specific hosts in the
Woods Hole region, its occasional or rare occurrence in most of them, |
and the evidence of recent introduction of mature strobilae along
with food in at least one host (Lophius piscatorius), reduce the species
that may regarded as true host to one—Merluccius bilinearis.
Specimens from Fundulus majalis—One strobila and fragments
(U.S.N.M. No. 8894), aggregating 32 mm. in length, collected
September 6, 1913; bluish-transparent; fragments slightly macerated. |
The killifish, along with specimens of whiting that were found to
harbor C. crassiceps, came from a fishtrap at Menemsha Bight.
The condition of the cestode fragments suggests that they had been _
discharged from the whiting while confined in the trap and eaten by
the killifish.
Measurements in balsam: Scolex length 0.73 mm., breadth 0.62
mm.; first segment length 0.16 mm., breadth 0.58 mm.; maximum
breadth 0.92 mm.
Specimen from Hippoglossus hippoglossus—One (U.S.N.M. No.
8895) collected June 14, 1906; length in formalin 15 mm. The
scolex is typical of the species, but the strongly contracted strobila
shows but little of the anatomy. Measurements in balsam: Length
13 mm.; scolex length 0.7 mm., breadth 0.84 mm.; first segment
length 0.07 mm., breadth 0.81 mm.; middle segments, length 0.14
mm., breadth 1.4 mm.; posterior segment length 0.56 mm., breadth
0.47 mm.
4% Tilinois Biol. Mon., vol. 4, pp. 442-458, 11 figs., 1919.
CESTODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 437
Specimens from Lophius piscatorius.—Vinal Edwards’ notes yield
many dates, extending over a long series of years, on which whiting
were recorded in the stomach contents of the goosefish. Since (.
crassiceps is of frequent occurrence in the whiting, it would be sur-
prising if this cestode were not found in the goosefish. Following is
the record of finds of this cestode in the goosefish:
November 24, 1905: 1 fish examined, 4 with scoleces, longest
70 mm.
July 6, 1910: 5 fish examined, 3 cestodes, maximum length 45 mm.
May 15, 1913: 10 fish examined, 1 with scolex, length 18 mm.
Stomach of fish full of shad, hake, whiting, dogfish, and squid. Vinal
N. Edwards.
June 6, 1914: 1 fish examined, 2 scoleces and fragments, each
about 8 mm. long, one with ripe segments.
June 15, 1914: 3 fish examined, 4 cestodes, maximum length 72
mm., breadth 2 mm.; scolex breadth 1.12 mm. Measurements in
balsam: Length 42 mm.; maximum breadth 1.75 mm.; scolex length
0.98 mm., breadth 0.94; first segment length 0.07 mm., breadth 0.98
mm.; median segments, length 0.09 mm., breadth 1.75 mm.; posterior
segment length 0.63 mm., breadth 0.77. Ova thin-shelled and
collapsed, best examples about 0.072 by 0.033 (pl. 61, figs. 17, 18)
(U.S.N.M. no. 8896).
Specimens from Merluccius bilinearis.—Recorded previously by
me *” under the name Dibothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi) from this fish.
This cestode was collected from whiting at Woods Hole in all the
years except one from 1903 to 1928, inclusive, as follows:
Number of Number of .
Month dates es Strobilae
Maye eee eee Seek a Sue ea One aa ee 6 25 260
Dune Meese ES = PARIS 2 ee DES. Tee eet te 1 2 25
ity Se ES. Seek eee Phe 10 34 60
DANCE YTS TESS Rites 3 GO RRR AI EIR ie SE Rea 12 64 114
DEHLI Der eee sa hele ee Bea he er 1 1 2
Octoberse tee a5 oa. ae ee te ye 16 132 141
INO Vem berate amets ee sme ee es Sees 29 212 391
Whiting were examined but no cestodes
found, as follows:
ANI OUST See ets eae! aes ae ae PE ee yt: 1 Lidia, Faye sees see
September 22-220 ates oe Se ee 1 Sea) Oa
Octobersee Se ee ae eerie 2 arene
INO VeIn bere: ree es he a ee 5 Se Rae
% Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 19, p. 473, figs. 266-268, 1901; Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, p. 585, 1911.
438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 90
Dimensions, in millimeters, balsam mounts:
Rederiet tt JR Ih eek eee 30. 00 16. 00 113. 00 138. 00
Scolex:
Lengthe 2. 26426) ee ee ee . 84 . 49 1. 20 1. 26
iBreadthee 2535 ee eee . 84 . 49 1. 00 1. 26
First segment:
Wenetite sae a Sere ee eee . O07 . 05 . 08 .14
Breadth 42. 22 see ee . 68 . 42 . 63 1. 05
Median segment:
hength=. 2) .-- 2s ee oe ee . 25 . 35 . 24 15
Breddthee #<= = sees ot ee er 1. 05 . 81 2. 24 2. 50
Posterior segment:
Rete t is oe ate cee ei at, ee ae . 35 . 30 . 50 . 49
Breadthew kel: . 2 ee eave eo eee . 70 . 63 1. 20 1. 56
Maximum length of strobila, in formalin, 180 mm.; ova 0.07 by 0.03
to 0.04 mm.
Specimens from Pomatomus saltatrix.—Recorded by me * under the
name Dibothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi).
Specimens from Sphoeroides maculatus—Three strobilae, with
scoleces (U. S. N.M. No. 8898), vollected June 6, 1914, length of each
about 15 mm.; one, scolex missing, length 30 mm.; 10 fishes examined
by Vinal N. Edwards, who reported worms in 4. Measurements in
balsam: Length of first segment 0.11 mm., breadth 0.23 mm.; posterior
segments, length 0.28 mm., breadth 1.12 mm. False articulation of
segments, giving the appearance of their arrangement in the strobila
by twos, is a conspicuous feature.
Specimens from Squalus acanthias.—Two strobilae (U.S.N.M. No.
8899) collected September 22, 1913, from one of eight dogfishes
examined by Edwards. Aggregate length of strobilae and fragments
in formalin 72 mm. Length of longest strobila in balsam 35 mm.
Ova 0.063 to 0.075 by 0.033 to 0.039 mm. These worms were doubt-
less introduced with food.
Specimens from Urophycis chuss.—Two strobilae with scoleces
and fragment collected May 9, 1913, from 15 fishes examined by
Edwards. Lengths in formalin 18, 24, and 14 mm. Breadth of
scolex 0.42 mm., maximum breadth about 0.65 mm. (U.S.N.M. No.
8900).
Specimens from Urophycis tenuis——Two strobilae collected May
9, 1913, fromt hree fishes examined by Edwards; lengths 7 and 24 mm.
A few fragments from one fish June 30, 1924, no scolex seen; whiting
among the stomach contents.
27 Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 19, p. 451, 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, p. 585. 1911.
CESTODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 439
Family AMPHICOTYLIDAE Ariola
Genus ABOTHRIUM van Beneden
ABOTHRIUM RUGOSUM (Batsch)
PLATE 62, Ficure 19
Taenia rugosa BATSCH, Naturgeschichte der Bandwurmgattung tiberhaupt und
ihrer Arten insbesondere . . ., p. 208, 1786.
Dibothrium rugosum (Batsch) DIBsING, Systema helminthum, p. 591, 1850.—
Linton, Rep. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1887, pp. 750-754, pl. 3, figs. 7-10,
1890; Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, p. 431, pl. 28, figs. 1-4, 1897; Bull. U.
S. Fish Comm., vol. 19, p. 476, 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, p. 586,
1911.
For extended synonymy and account of this species see Cooper, Illinois Biol.
Mon., vol. 4, pp. 460-473, 9 figs., 1919.
The adult strobila of this cestode is usually found with the anterior
end impacted in the pyloric caeca, where it is surrounded by waxy
degenerate tissue.
Specimens from Gadus morrhua.—Concerning the distribution by
months in the following summary it should be remarked that, with
the exception of the two dates in June, all the fish had been kept for
some time in a live-car. On one of the June dates the fish was taken
off Nantucket, the other 20 miles east of Great Round Shoal. All
collections, except those of July, were made by Vinal N. Edwards in
the years from 1903 to 1916, and on four dates in earlier years refer-
ence to which was not included in previous publications.
ea cus ee i a ee
Number of Number of Number of Maximum Maximum
Month dates when fishes dates on aggregate length of
examined examined which found in one fish strobila
NAMNUATY = sess = 23 253 15 959 400
Hebruary 2-222 -=-—— 5 20 2 HDs Sees ee
Agorile see 2 ee aaa 2 iS ae ee = olen Se ee = ee
Were Sones 13 57 6 1, 849 355
MNEs ss= See Ses. SS 2 2 1 1, 130 416
eMTh yi yee rts eS 2 Pa ple ee | ee Se et ae
Octobense. 2 6 1S aeons tk 190
November!22522-2- = 52 396 17, 1, 685 400
December=_ = === 58 1, 014 35 1,618 322
SS eS SS SSS a ee
Specimens from Melanogrammus aeglefinus.—Thirty-eight haddock
were examined on 14 dates in six different years. Examinations were
made in every month except January, February, and March. A.
rugosum was found as follows:
April: 1 fish examined; 1 strobila, length 250 mm, breadth 4 mm.
August: 16 fishes examined on one date; 2 strobilae, length 60 and
36 mm, breadth 2 and 3.5 mm.
October: (1) 1 fish examined; 8 strobilae, maximum length 122 mm.
(2) 4 fishes examined on one date; 6 strobilae and fragments aggregat-
ing 1,358 mm, maximum length 210 mm.
440 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 90
The anterior ends of the strobilae are imperfect on account of their
permanent fixation in the pyloric caeca (U.S.N.M. No. 8901).
Specimens from Microgadus tomcod.—Tomcod were examined for
Entozoa by Edwards in nearly every month and over a long series of
years. Cestodes that appear to belong to this species were found
twice:
January 1, 1904: 30 fish examined; 1 strobila, length 50 mm.
April 26, 1910: 1 fish examined; fragments of strobilae.
Specimens from Pollachius virens.—Three fragments belonging to
two strobilae were collected May 28, 1913; lengths 25, 145, and 242
mm., thickish; segment of maximum breadth, in balsam, length 0.84
mm., breadth 3.7 mm.; ova in sections, about 0.044 by 0.033 (U.S.N.M.
No. 8902).
Specimens from Urophycis tenuis.—Collected as follows:
December 15, 1904: 1 strobila, length 140 mm, breadth 4 mm;
scolex missing.
November 5, 1910: 1 strobila, length 23 mm.; no scolex.
August 4, 1911: 1 strobila, with scolex and numerous fragments.
May 7, 1918: 2 strobilae, lengths 10 and 14 mm.
Family PROTEOCEPHALIDAE LaRue
Genus PROTEOCEPHALUS Weinland
PROTEOCEPHALUS MACROCEPHALUS (Creplin)
PLATE 62, Figures 24-28
Taenia dilatata Linton, Rep. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1886, p. 488, 1889; Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, p. 429, 1897; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 18,
p. 435, 1901.
For full synonymy and description see La Rue, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 1,
pp. 129-143, 1914.
Specimens from Anguilla rostrata——My notes show that 106 eels
were examined for parasites on one date in January, two in March,
six in April, three in May, one in July, two in August, four in Septem-
ber, three in October, and nine in November in 12 different years
from 1903 to 1924, inclusive. Taenia referred to this species were
found on two dates in April, nine eels examined, one strobila and
fragments, longest 4 mm.; on one date in June, six eels examined,
one strobila, length 350 mm., breadth 2 mm.; on one date in July, 9
eels examined, 10 strobilae and fragments, longest 140 mm.; on one
date in August, two eels examined, one strobila and fragments,
longest 90 mm.; on four dates in November, 43 eels examined, six
strobilae and fragments, longest 295 mm., maximum breadth 2 mm.
Diameter of scolex in balsam, average of 10, 0.24 mm., minimum
0.35 mm.; ripe proglottids in different strobilae, lengths 1.47 and 1.96
mm., breadths 1.33 and 1.12 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8906).
CESTODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 441
Specimens from Zygonectes diaphanus.—On July 22, 1905, 52
fresh-water killifishes were examined, and three scoleces with rudi-
mentary strobilae were found. Measurements in balsam: Length 2.2
mm., breadth 0.24 mm., diameter of scolex 0.18 mm., diameter of
sucker 0.11 mm.
Genus CORALLOBOTHRIUM Fritsch
CORALLOBOTHRIUM FIMBRIATUM Essex
PLATE 62, FicuREs 29, 30
Corallobothrium fimbriatum Essex, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 11, pp. 275-283,
33 figs., 1927.
The genus Corallobothrium as defined by Essex: With character-
istics of family. Scolex bears four suckers situated on anterior sur-
face surrounded by many irregular folds and lappets of tissue. Ros-
tellum, hooks, and spines absent. Neck broad, short. Vagina
inconstant in position, anterior or posterior to cirrus pouch. Habitat:
In Siluridae. Type species, C. solidum Fritsch.
Essex described two new species of Corallobothrium: C. giganteum
and C. fimbriatum, from anterior portion of intestine of Ictalurus
punctatus, Leptops olwaris, and Ameiurus melas.
Specimens from Ameiurus nebulosus.—This cestode (U.S.N.M.
No. 8907) was collected by Mr. Edwards, Dr. MacCallum, and the
author on 10 dates from 1913 to 1918, inclusive, from horned pout
taken in fresh-water ponds near Quisset and Waquoit.
May 9: 10 fishes examined, 70 cestodes found, maximum length
35 mm. May 11: 31 fishes examined, 60 cestodes, maximum length
50mm. May 14: Number of fishes not recorded, 106 cestodes, maxi-
mum length 12mm. May 24: 5 fishes examined, 27 cestodes, maximum
length 20 mm. June 6, number of fishes not recorded, 12 cestodes,
maximum length 5mm. June 15: 1 fish examined, 3 cestodes, maxi-
mum length 3 mm. July 1: 15 fishes examined, many cestodes,
maximum length 4mm. July 7: 5 fishes examined, 8 cestodes, 2 to
18 mm. long. August 13: 38 fishes examined, many cestodes, 3 to 10
mm. long. September 29: Number of fishes not recorded, 5 cestodes,
maximum length 4 mm.
Measurements in balsam: Length 32 mm.; breadth near scolex
1.05 mm.; segment 1 mm. back of scolex, length 0.16 mm., breadth
1.2 mm.; posterior segment, length 2.45 mm., breadth 1.4 mm.;
scolex breadth 1.54 mm., length 0.91 mm.; diameter of sucker 0.35
mm. Ova thin-shelled, somewhat variable, circular outline, in life
0.028 to 0.035 mm.
ABBREVIATIONS USED ON PLATES
c, cirrus u, uterus
cp, cirrus pouch v, vagina
0, Ovary vd, vas deferens
ov, oviduct vg, vitellaria
t, testes
442
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS. VOL, 90 PLATE 60
ON er
fl Za 4
~~ St Cp
- We eet
Bu of \\ col
Casas A AS seh oe
\ 2 = FEMS A\ ..
\\, Dy f =e TEN toe
. “Qraaiy i S
SS SS
Yj =
on
S
J
1-3. Caryophyllaeus terebrans (Linton): 1, Anterior end; 2, posterior end; 3, section showing
cirrus pouch with retracted cirrus and oviduct joining vagina. (From Notropis
rubrifrons.?)
4. Ligula sp.: Transverse section showing longitudinal muscles between nerve and lateral
margin. (From Palinurichthys perciformis.)
5. Spathebothrium simplex Linton: Portion of strobila. (From Microgadus tomcod.)
6,7. Bothrimonus intermedius Cooper: 6, Scolex; 7, front view of scolex. (From M. tomcod.)
8. Bothriocephalus scorpii (Miller): Scolex. (From Menticirrhus saxatilts.)
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS. VOL, 90 PLATE 61
g/a\ 10
9,10. Bothriocephalus scorpii (Miller): 9, Scolex (from Hippoglossus platessoides); 10, ripe
segments (from Paralichthys dentatus).
11-13. Bothriocephalus claviceps (Goeze): 11, Scolex and first segments (from Limanda
ferruginea); 12, scolex and first segments (from Pseudopleuronectes americanus);
13, posterior end of strobila (there are no ova in the penultimate segment) (from
Cyclopterus lumpus).
14. Bothriocephalus sp.: Plerocercus (from Tautogolabrus adspersus).
15-18. Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi): 15, Scolex with young strobila (from Mer-
luccius bilinearis); 16, proglottis, testes median, nearly hidden by vitellaria (from
M. bilinearis); 17, scolex and anterior end of strobila (from Lophius piscatorius);
18, posterior segments (from L. piscatorius).
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 62
To
Ee!
Bede gee denee
19. Abothrium rugosum (Batsch): Scolex and anterior end of strobila. (From Melano-
grammus aeglefinus.)
20-22. Ancistrocephalus aluterae (Linton): 20, Scolex and first segments of an immature
strobila; 21, cross section showing cirrus pouch; 22, plerocercus. (From Cerata-
canthus schoepfi.)
23. Bothriocephalas sp.: Scolex and immature strobila. (From Exocoetus volitans.)
24-28. Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Creplin): 24, Scolex; 25, scolex; 26, segment of an
immature strobila; 27, segments from midregion of an adult strobila; 28, ripe
segment. (From Anguilla rostrata.)
29, 30. Corallobothrium fimbriatum Essex: 29, Scolex and first segments; 30, scolex, com-
pressed. (From Ameiurus nebulosus.)
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1941
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
issued it
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol, 90 Washington: 1941 No. 3113
PAMLICO FOSSIL ECHINOIDS
By Wriuarp Berry
H. G. Ricwarps, in his report on the Pamlico formation of the
Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain,’ records the occurrence of Mel-
lita quinquiesperforata (Leske) from the Inter-Coastal Waterway
between Pungo and Alligator Rivers, Hyde County, N. C.; Core
Creek Canal, Carteret County, N. C.; 15 miles northwest of Myrtle
Beach, Horry County, S. C.; Waverly Mills, Georgetown, S. C.;
and Cooper River, Charleston County, 8. C. More detailed collect-
ing has revealed this species to be present in considerable numbers
and well preserved in Cane Patch Bay on the Inter-Coastal Water-
way about 6 miles east of Myrtle Beach, Horry County, S.C. Here
in addition to adult specimens there occur the immature forms shown
on plate 65, figures 3, 5, and 6. These are not so abundant as the
adult specimens, but ones of 50 to 75 mm. are fairly common.
Associated with this species is an allied form that is referable to
Encope michelini L. Agassiz, which, so as far as I know, has not
previously been found fossil. Both this species and the Mellita are
rather abundant and easily distinguished from each other. The
heavy, rounded anterior margin and the posteriorally located apex
set it apart from its associated form. The immature forms are also
readily distinguished from the others, as the somewhat polygonal
1 Richards, H. G., Fauna of the Pleistocene Pamlico formation of the Southern Atlantic
Coastal Plain. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer,, vol. 47, pp. 1611-1656, 1936.
443
302663—41
444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 90
adult outline is taken on early in life. Their habitat seems to have
been the same as the present members of this species, just under the
surface of the sand.
Comparison of the fossil forms with the recent material in the
United States National Museum leaves no doubt as to the identity,
at least of the adults. As regards the smaller stages, these are
similar to the modern forms but seem somehow not very well differ-
entiated from Mellita except in the appearance of the lunules, those
in the Melita appearing much earlier than those in the E'ncopes.
The Mellita is not uncommon in the Pleistocene, and its occurrence
in the section here is not surprising. The Hncope, on the other
hand, does not now inhabit the present seas east of the Gulf of
Mexico and is not known from the Atlantic coast of North Amer-
ica; and has not been previously reported fossil. Hence, it is of
interest to report it from northern South Carolina and from, Pleis-
tocene deposits.
Fragments of either Mellita or H’'ncope have been collected from
similar deposits as far north as Alligator Cut of the Inter-Coastal
Waterway in Hyde County, N. C., but so far I have been unable to
identify them definitely to genus and species; they appear to be
only Mellita. Definite specimens of JMellita occur in Carteret County,
N. C., on the spoil piles along the Inter-Coastal Waterway in Bruns-
wick County, N. C., near the “Sand Cut,” but no definite specimens
of H'ncope have been found. Since no specimens or definite frag-
ments resembling “'ncope appear north of Cane Patch Bay, Myrtle
Beach, the northern extension of Encope michelini in the Pamlico
would seem to reach only to northern South Carolina.
The description follows:
Genus ENCOPE L. Agassiz
Encope L. Aaassiz, Monographie des scutelles, p. 45, 1841.
ENCOPE MICHELINI L. Agassiz
PLATE 63, Figures 1-8; PLATE 64, Figures 1-6; PLATE 65, Ficures 144, 6
Encope michelini L. AcAssiz, Monographie des scutelles, p. 58, pl. 6a, figs. 9,
10, 1841.—A. Agassiz, Revision of the Echini, p. 329, pl. 12d. fig. 1, 1872.—
H. L. Criark, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 7, p. 599, 1911; Mem. Mus.
Comp. Zool., vol. 46, No. 1, p. 75, 1914; Papers Dept. Marine Biology,
Carnegie Inst. Washington, vol. 13, No. 3, p. 73, 1919; Sci. Surv. Porto Rico
and Virgin Islands, New York Acad. Sci. vol. 16, pt. 1, p. 87, 1933.—
Grant and HertTLeIN, Publ. Univ. California at Los Angeles, Math. and
Phys. Sci., vol. 2, pp. 96, 99, 1938.
Specimens somewhat pentagonal in outline, with the more nearly
straight portion posterior, anterior margin rounded and fairly thick,
PAMLICO FOSSIL ECHINOIDS—BERRY 445
posterior margin about one-half thickness of anterior and somewhat
sharper. Margin cut by five reentrant marginal ambulacral notches,
deep and narrow, which occasionally have been observed to make a
lunule (pl. 64, fig. 6). All the ambulacra are, except in the young,
deep narrow notches, but the posterior notches are the deepest. The
apical disk is central. The peristome is prominent and central and on
the aboral surfaces rises posterially to the greatest thickness of the
test about two-thirds of the distance from anterior margin and at
the anterior end of the lunule of the posterior interambulacrum 5,
and just above the periproct, which is confluent with the lunule.
The ambulacral petals are fairly narrow and the posterior ones are
longer than the others. The oral ambulacral furrows are deep and
branch toward the margin. The apical disk is well preserved, show-
ing the pores very distinctly. The entire surface is covered with
small tubercles, those on the oral surface most pronounced.
In the young the marginal ambulacra notches are shallow, although
the poterior ones are more pronounced and the ambulacral furrows
are indistinct. Tubercles are present over entire surface; they are
more pronounced on the young ones.
The fossil specimens range in size from 23 mm. long and 21 mm.
wide to 146 mm. long and 144 mm. wide, with maximum thickness
19 mm.
For purposes of comparison I have figured a recent Encope mich-
elint from Albatross station 2609, plate 63, figures 2, 5, and 8, and a
series of fossil specimens ranging in size from 13 mm. long (pl. 65,
figs. 8, 6), to a large adult, 146 mm. long (pl. 64, figs. 1, 3). The
figured specimens are in the collection of the U. S. National Museum.
I wish to express my thanks to Austin H. Clark, of the U. S. National
Museum, and to Dr. Robert T. Jackson, of Peterborough, N. H., for
advice and help in arriving at the identification of these fossils.
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1941
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROGCEEDING'S, VOL.-90° PEATE 63
ENCOPE MICHELINI L. AGASSIZ
1, 3, 7, Fossil specimen, 107 mm. long, 106 mm. wide.
2, 5, 8, Similar views of a recent specimen from 4/éatross station 2609, 107 mm. long, 100 mm. wide.
4, 6, Similar views of young fossil form, 23 mm. long, 21 mm. wide.
(All figures ls except 4 and 6, which are 114.)
U.
S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
ENCOPE MICHELINI L. AGASSIZ.
1, 3, Fossil specimen, 146 mm. long, 144 mm. wide.
4, 5, Fossil specimen, 93 mm. long, 91 mm. wide.
2, 6, Fossil specimen, 122 mm. long, 122 mm. wide.
(All > 1.)
PROCEEDINGS, VOL 90 PLATE 64
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 65
ENCOPE MICHELINI L. AGASSIZ AND MELLITA QUINQUIESPERFORATA (LESKE).
1, 2, Fossil specimen of E. miche/ini, 133 mm. long, 138 mm. wide.
4, Fossil specimen of E. michelini, 33 mm. long, 32 mm. wide.
3, 6, Young fossi] specimen of E. michelini, 13 mm. long, 13 mm. wide.
5, Fossil specimen of M/. quinguies perforata, 36 mm. long, 36 mm. wide.
(All figures X 15 except 3, 5, and 6, which are X 1%
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
; sis ) by the
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 90 Washington : 194] No. 3114
A NEW GENUS OF SEA STARS (PLAZASTER) FROM JAPAN,
WITH A NOTE ON THE GENUS PARASTERINA
By Watter K. FIisHer
Dr. Tohru Uchida (1928) described a new sea star from Mutsu Bay,
Honshu, as Labidiaster borealis, which appeared to refute the belief
that the highly specialized Labidiaster is confined to Antarctic and
sub-Antarctic regions. Of this genus, described by Liitken (1871,
p. 289), there are two species: L. radiosus Liitken (synonym L. crassus
Koehler), distributed over the Falkland Plateau and off the southern
end of South America, 0-183 m.; and L. annulatus Sladen (1889, p.
595, pl. 108, fig. 1), an Antarctic species found at Kerguelen and
Heard Islands, Antarctic Archipelago, South Orkneys, South Sand-
wich Islands, and South Georgia, 93-44 m.
Through the kindness of Dr. R. Hayashi, Department of Zoology,
Hokkaido Imperial University, Sapporo, Japan, I have received two
dried specimens of Labidiaster borealis Uchida from Hokkaido. One
of these is larger than any recorded by Dr. Uchida, R being about 180
mm.andr30mm. The specimen had 35 rays of which 10 remain.
This species is not a Labidiaster, nor does it appear to be closely
enough allied to be included in the Labidiasterinae. The various
polybrachiate genera of Asteriidae are not very closely related, for the
development of numerous rays seems to have arisen independently
in all sorts of places. We have such divergent genera, for instance, as
Heliaster (usually accorded family rank), Pycnopodia, Coronaster,
Rathbunaster, Labidiaster, and Saliasterias. I have recently described
a rather anomalous sub-Antarctic genus, Psalidaster, distantly allied
to Notasterias; and the condition in a more restrained form exists in
292964—41 447
448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
genera having predominantly 5- and 6-rayed species such as Dipla-
sterias, Lysastervas, and Cryptasterias.
The new genus, which may be called Plazaster, has crossed pedicel-
lariae entirely different from those of Labidiaster, best understood
by a comparison of figures. The pedicellariae of Labidiaster annulatus
may reach enormous size. Figure 2, plate 67, if enlarged as much as
figure 1, plate 66, would occupy the entire plate. They occur thickly
on transverse cushions of tissue, as illustrated by Sladen (1889, pl.
108); and while those of radiosus are somewhat smaller they are still
very large and of the same type as in annulatus. The shank teeth are
relatively large and occur in a single series. Those of Plazaster are
small and in several series. In Labidiaster much smaller pedicellariae
(pl. 67, fig. 4) of several sizes occur on the thick spine sheaths, includ-
ing the outer of the two adambulacral spines. In Plazaster there
are no adambulacral spine pedicellariae, and none of the spinelets
has a fleshy sheath, but a thin one. The absence of pedicellariae
attached to one or more adambulacral spines is important in
connection with their presence in Labidiaster. Adambulacral spine
pedicellariae are found only in the following genera: Asterias,
Evasterias, Leptasterias, Stenasterias, Perissasterias, Labidiaster, and
sometimes in Urasterias as a variation. The majority of genera
of Asteriidae have no adambulacral spine pedicellariae, although
pedunculate straight pedicellariae, attached to adambulacral plates,
are of common occurrence.
The skeleton of Plazaster is different from that of Labidiaster.
The very numerous small plates form an extensive irregular net to
the tip of ray, without a differentiated carinal and superomarginal
system, and the inferomarginal plates alternate with an interpolated
secondary ossicle. In Labidiaster the skeleton of the outer half or
two-thirds of ray undergoes reduction to widely spaced transverse
arches, which in old specimens degenerate to the rudiments of the
marginals and a few tiny abactinals. The thick ruffs of giant pedi-
cellariae overlie these disappearing or vanished skeletal arches. The
rays of Labidiaster like those of Pycnopodia are very flexible. Both
animals can catch active prey.
It is difficult to name the genus to which Plazaster is most closely
related and therefore to place it satisfactorily in the system. It
differs from the Labidiasterinae in the type of reticulate skeleton, in
the inferior status of the marginal plates, and in lacking prominent
stoles of pedicellariae on the principal spines. At the same time the
ambulacral plates are rather too primitive and uncrowded for the
Asteriinae. The genus is in fact very isolated. The weak but
complete skeleton, in conjunction with the primitive ambulacrals,
suggests the Pedicellasterinae. All known species in this subfamily
have five or six rays and lack an adoral carina, the first pair of adam-
A NEW GENUS OF SEA STARS—FISHER 449
bulacrals behind mouth plates being at least partly separated. But
no species with numerous crowded rays can very well be constructed
on the plan of the asteriid actinostomial skeleton and at the same
time dispense with a strong adoral carina such as Plazaster possesses.
Plazaster has a stout pillar of plates extending from the odonto-
phore to the dorsal wall, and involved in the partly membranous
interbrachial septum. Such a buttress might seem to be an adap-
tation required by the broader disk. Psalidaster and Labidiaster
have such a buttress, although Rathbunaster with a smaller disk and
deciduous rays has not. The ordinary small Pedicellasterinae do not
need a buttress to support the disk.. The dorsoventral pillar is
characteristic of the Coscinasteriinae also, without relation to size of
disk; but in this group the ambulacrals become increasingly crowded
and the carinal and marginal systems of plates are strongly developed,
with voluminous stoles of pedicellariae on the spines. Nor is Plaz-
aster close to the Pycnopodiinae (Lysastrosoma, Pycnopodia), which
have very compressed ambulacrals like the Asteriinae.
Possibly the best disposition of Plazaster is to regard it as a poly-
brachiate offshoot of the Pedicellasterinae, differing principally in
having a long adoral carina.
PLAZASTER, new genus
Rays 22! to 35; skeleton reticulate with very numerous irregular
meshes extending to end of rays; plates small, usually with one small
acicular spinelet; superomarginals not differentiated or joined in
longiseries; inferomarginals small, monacanthid or diplacanthid,
alternating with a secondary spineless plate and joined directly to
adambulacrals; no rudimentary actinals; adambulacrals diplacanthid
or triplacanthid, without spine pedicellariae; integument thin and
crossed pedicellariae attached in circles at base of spinlets; crossed
pedicellariae with jaw expanded distally bearing two enlarged lateral
teeth; shank teeth numerous, small, in several longiseries; gonads
two to a ray, opening dorsolaterally at about diameter of disk distant
from base; a membranous interbrachial septum with strong dorso-
ventral pillar of plates from odontophore.
Type, Labidiaster borealis Uchida.
PLAZASTER BOREALIS (Uchida)
Piatss 66, 68, 69
Labidiaster borealis Ucuipa, 1938, p. 800, fig. 9, pl. 38, figs 1, 2 (young).
Description —R 180 mm., r 30 mm., R=6r, 35 rays. R 60 mm.,
r 12 mm., R=5r, 33 rays. The skeleton is an irregular net of very
numerous small plates, usually 3-lobed at the nodes, elsewhere irregu-
1 Specimen with R 30 mm., r 5.6 mm. (Uchida).
450 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
larly oblong. On the disk the skeletal intervals are very small—
about the size of the primary lobed plates—but on the rays they are
more open, especially above the inferomarginals where they are very
large. The inferomarginals, which are applied to the outer end of
the adambulacral plates, are 3-lobed and not directly imbricated:
There is a secondary elliptical ossicle between any two. ‘The infero-
marginals proximally often have two acicular spines the length of
three adambulacral plates but usually there is one. Applied to
upper lobe of inferomarginals is an oblong plate, not different from
others above it, which probably represents the superomarginal. But
there is no clearly differentiated series of superomarginals or of carinal
plates. The latter can not be distinguished from among the numerous
abactinal plates.
Most of the abactinal plates carry a slender, sharp spinelet 1 to
1.5 mm. long, surrounded at the base by four or five crossed pedicel-
lariae, 0.35 to 0.45 mm. long, having one prominent tooth on each
side of the tip of jaw and very numerous shank teeth in several longi-
series. In the aggregate these pedicellariae are very numerous, but
thin out on the sides of ray, proximally. The proximal inferomargi-
nal spinelets usually carry basally only one or two small lanceolate
straight pedicellariae but beyond middle of ray are equipped with
a circlet of crossed pedicellariae. The straight pedicellariae are also
scattered over the surface of the body, usually on papular areas, and
are one-half to three-fourths the length of spinelets. Papulae numer-
ous but difficult to determine accurately because the specimens
have been dried. On the disk each small mesh has one papula.
The adambulacral plates are short, rather broad, and characteris-
tically curved. They carry three slender spines, obviously longer
than the inferomarginals and without any attached pedicellariae.
However, on the furrow face of the plate, near base of the furrow spine,
one or more pedunculate straight pedicellariae of different sizes
usually occur. The adambulacral and oral spines are the longest
of the body and form a dense cheval-de-frise on either furrow margin.
The small mouth plates each carry one prominent suboral and two
often flattened actinostomial spines, as well as a variable number of
pedunculate lanceolate straight pedicellariae. The adoral carina is
composed of the first seven pairs of adambulacral plates; the first
five may carry three, two, or occasionally only one spine.
In Labidiaster the mouth plates of good-sized specimens become
so crowded that the inner or actinostomial angle meets and fuses
with that of the opposite side of furrow in such a manner that the
radial nerve has to pass through a hole arched over by these fused
plates. In Plazaster there is no fusion of the mouth plates. For one
thing the actinostomial border of the plates is not so expanded as in
Labidiaster.
A NEW GENUS OF SEA STARS—FISHER 451
The madreporite, 4.5 mm. in diameter, is situated at mid-r.
There are two gonads in each ray. Each consists of a bunch of
branched slender lobes attached to the dorsolateral body wall 35 mm.
from the base of ray.
A short pillar of plates unites the odontophore with the abactinal
skeleton as an obvious support. From and including this pillar a
membranous septum passes interradially to the margin of disk, where
it again becomes fortified by a short septum of plates proceeding
inward from the margin. These plates are continuous with the
skeleton of side of ray, the lowermost elements of the septum being
marginal plates.
The ambulacral plates are not particularly thin or compressed, and
the ambulacral pores form a straight, not zigzag, series. The tube-
feet, arranged in two series, are apparently fairly large and crowded
in the narrow ambulacral grove. The ampullae are simple, not
bilobed.
Type locality—Mutsu Bay, northern Honshu, Japan.
Specimen described, Hokkaido, Japan, U.S.N.M. No. E. 5952.
Dstribution.—Northern Honshu and Hokkaido, Japan.
NOTE ON THE GENUS PARASTERINA
In the literature on sea stars there have been two quasidistinct
genera bearing the name Patiria. They started as follows:
1. Patiria Gray, 1840, type P. coccinea Gray, monotypic. In 1847
Gray enlarged the genus to include granifera Gray, ocellifera Gray,
obtusa Gray, and crassa Gray.
2. Patiria Perrier, 1875. ‘En adoptant ici le genre Patiria de
Gray nous changeons notablement les limites et la charactéristique
de ce genre.” Perrier discarded Gray’s type, coccinea, and included
only ocellifera and crassa, the last obviously different from coccinea
and granifera. Sladen (1889, p. 384) adopted Perrier’s genus,
omitting coccinea from the list of included species, to which he
added a new one, bellula from Cape of Good Hope.
Gray’s Patiria became submerged in the more extensive Asterina
of Nardo, 1834.
Perrier’s Patiria was stated to differ from Asterina in having the
dorsal ossicles convex, nearly circular and touching one another, not
imbricated as is ordinarily the case in Asterina. Sladen (1889, p. 376)
differentiated the two groups as follows:
Abactinal plates not imbricated; covered with spines: Patiria.
Abactinal plates imbricated throughout the abactinal area, or only in definite
regions: Asterina, Nepanthia, Disasterina.
This seemed to be a sound distinction; and, as Patiria Perrier was
obviously invalidated by Patiria Gray, I renamed Perrier’s group
Parasterina, type Patirva crassa Gray (Fisher, 1908, p. 90).
452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
In 1913 Verrill subdivided Asterina and resuscitated Patiria Gray
for the common Pacific coast Asterina miniata (Brandt). Mortensen
(1933, p. 257) has ascertained that Gray’s Patiria coccinea is actually
this P. miniata (Brandt) and has published a photograph of one of
the types. Even if the type should prove to be a specimen of the
Japanese P. pectinifera it will make no difference, as the two species
are closely related.
I recently examined specimens of Patiria granifera Gray and
P. bellula Sladen from the Cape region, South Africa (pl. 70, fig. 1).
Both belong to Gray’s Patiria (not to Parasterina) and are probably
two formae of the same species. Callopatiria Verrill, 1913, type
Patiria bellula Sladen, is a synonym of Patiria Gray.
Now I have discovered that the alleged distinctive character of
Parasterina does not exist in the type species! Through the kindness
of Dr. H. L. Clark I have been able to study a specimen of Patiria
crassa from near I‘remantle, Western Australia. This specimen has
R 45 mm., r 10 mm., br 11-12 mm., and the abactinal aspect re-
sembles superficially that of Nardoa variolata, as the convex primary
plates are spaced and the spinelets extremely fine, close-set, and
visible only under strong magnification. The species is quite unlike
a true Patiria but resembles Nepanthia. In fact the actinal surface
does not differ from that of Nepanthia (e. g., N. belchert) m any
important particular. The actinal plates are covered with coordi-
nated groups of very numerous spinelets. There are 15-18 similar
subambulacral spinelets, and 8 or 9 furrow spinelets. The inner
longiseries of actinal plates extends to three or four inferomarginals
short of the end of ray; the next two series nearly as far; the fourth
series about three-fifths length of ray measured on side; while a fifth
and a sixth series constitute a small additional chevron in the inter-
brachial angle.
The two series of marginal plates are quite regular, and correspond,
plate to plate; they are obviously larger than the adjacent abactinals
and actinals, which are small.
There are two differentiated areas on the abactinal surface: (1) A
lateral triangular area reaching at interradius, one-half r toward
center of disk and distally nearly half length of ray; from this point
it extends usually as a double series of plates nearly to tip of ray.
The plates of this area, in regular longiseries, strongly imbricate, and
the upper margin is excavated to accommodate a papula (fig. 21).
Around this papular opening are two to four small superficial plates.
Nearly all the plates carry a spiniform pedicellaria. (2) The other
area, that of the convex primary plates, comprises the central part of
disk and rays. It broadens distally to include most of the sides of ray
also (pl. 70, fig. 2). The roundish and irregular, convex, almost tuber-
A NEW GENUS OF SEA STARS—FISHER 453
Ficure 20.—Nepanthia crassa (Gray): Abactinal plates near base of ray, X 20. C, cari-
nals; S, secondary plates; tertiaries not lettered. Black areas are papular pores.
Hatching indicates border of plate overlapped by adjacent plate. When hatching is
on both sides of boundary line there is no overlapping.
Ficure 21.—Nepanthia crassa, X 20: Six lateral. plates of the third and fourth series above
superomarginals near base of ray, to show pedicellariae (right). Four plates are
denuded to show their shape and the pedicellaria pits (P, P). PA, papular pore.
454 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
cular primary plates for a short distance at base of ray imbricate
irregularly but over rest of area are joined by smaller and lower sec-
ondary plates. These are irregular in shape and imbricate irregularly.
Sometimes the end of these plates extend under the large primaries,
sometimes they slightly overlap their edges—in short, imbricate. A
multitude of small superficial tertiary plates of variable size fortify
the joints of the primaries and secondaries and help define the papular
pores. These are the same as the superficial platelets of lateral area
(fig. 20).
The exposed surface of the plates is covered by a multitude of very
small spinelets with microscopically thorny tips (length 0.22—0.28 mm.)
of nearly uniform thickness (0.04-0.05 mm.) on the secondary and
tertiary plates, but more robust (0.08-0.12 mm.) on the center of
the primaries.
Figure 22.—Nepanthia variabilis Clark, X 40: A plate from lateral area near base of ray
to show pedicellaria. PA, papular pore.
The pedicellariae (fig. 21) of the lateral abactinal plates are rather
remarkable. There is a conspicuous pit usually near or at the upper
excavate margin of plate. Extending over this are five to eight
minutely thorny, sharp spinelets tapering from a rather broad base
and conspicuously larger than the other spinelets of plate. They form
a U-shaped series or sometimes a circle and resemble the circular
spiniform pedicellariae of the Benthopectinidae. The pits probably
contain a sense organ.
I find precisely similar pedicellariae in Nepanthia variabilis Clark
(1938, p. 176, pl. 10, figs. 4, 5, pl. 20, figs. 4, 5) from Broome, Western
Australia. Nearly every plate of the lateral areas is provided with
one, and a scattering of the larger crescentic plates of the abactinal
area, are similarly armed (fig. 22),
A NEW GENUS OF SEA STARS—FISHER 455
The adambulacral, actinal, and the lateral abactinal plates of Para-
sterina crassa are in no way different from those of Nepanthia. This
leaves only the enlarged plates of the median abactinal area with the
numerous intervening secondary plates and superficial tertiary plates
upon which to base a new genus. But Parasterina occidentalis Clark
(1938, p. 180, pl. 21, fig. 5) has no secondary abactinals. It is ques-
tionable, therefore, whether we can place too much reliance for generic
characters upon these median abactinal plates. The behavior of the
abactinal plates of Nardoa furnishes reason for caution. In N. pauci-
foris the plates are numerous, small, and most nearly uniform in size.
Somewhat larger and progressively more diverse as to size are those
of N. mollis, N. tuberculata, and N. novaecaledoniae, while in N. tumu-
losa and N. frianti the large primary plates are hemispherical and the
secondaries small and much more numerous (Fisher, 1919, pls. 108—
110). The possibility must be considered that in Nepanthia species
exist with overdeveloped primary abactinal plates. They are not a
rare occurrence in the Asteroidea, and in certain species of the As-
teriidae (e. g. Leptasterias polaris, Pisaster ochraceus) are of less than
specific value. Both Parasterina crassa (Gray) and P. occidentalis
Clark must be regarded with suspicion. I think the former is an aber-
rant Nepanthia, and that Parasterina should consequently be discarded.
LITERATURE CITED
Cuark, Husert Lyman.
1938. Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929
and 1932. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 55, 596 pp., 28 pls.
FisHER, WALTER KENRICK.
1908. Necessary changes in the nomenclature of starfishes. Smithsonian
Misc. Coll., vol. 52, pp. 87-93.
1911. Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. Part 1, Phaner-
ozonia and Spinulosa. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 76, 419 pp., 122 pls.
1919. Starfishes of the Philippine Seas and adjacent waters. U.S. Nat. Mus.
Bull. 100, vol. 3, 712 pp., 156 pls.
Gray, JoHN Epwarp.
1840. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias
Linn.). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, vol. 6, pp. 175-184, 275-290.
1847. Descriptions of some new genera and species of Asteriadae. Proc.
Zool. Soe. London, 1847, pp. 72-83.
LUTKEN, CHRIsTIAN FREDERICK.
1871. Forsatte kritiske og beskrivende Bidrag til Kundskab om S¢stjernerne
(Asteriderne). Vid. Medd. Nat. Foren., Kjgbenhavn, 1871, pp. 289,
293.
MortTENSEN, THEODOR.
1933. Echinoderms of South Africa (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea). Vid.
Medd. Dansk Nat. Foren. vol. 93, pp. 215-400, pls. 8-19.
PERRIER, EDMOND.
1875. Révision de la collection de stellérides du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle
de Paris. 384 pp.
SLADEN, W. PERcy.
1889. Report on the Asteroidea collected by H. M. 8S. Challenger, Zoology,
vol. 30, 893 pp., 117 pls.
Ucuipa, TouRv.
1928. Report of the biological survey of Mutsu Bay. II, Starfishes of Mutsu
Bay. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., ser. 4, vol. 3, No. 4, fase. 2, pp.
785-803, pls. 31-33.
VERRILL, ADDISON EMERY.
1913. Revision of the genera of starfishes of the subfamily Asterininae.
Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 35, pp. 477-485.
456
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1941
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 66
Plazaster borealis (Uchida): 1, Pedicellaria from abactinal spine, 0.36 mm. long, X 100; 2, same,
0.45 mm., 100; 3, interior of jaw of a pedicellaria showing the numerous teeth in several
series, < 200; 4, a single jaw, X 200; 5, abactinal spinelet, 1.4 mm. long, < 25; 6, skeleton
of ray, near base which is to the right, from the adambulacrals to midradial line, X 5 (J, infero-
marginals; §, probable superomarginals); 7, three adambulacral plates from near middle of ray,
with adjacent inferomarginal (J). * 10.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 67
1-4, Labidiaster annulatus Sladen: 1, Adambulacral and marginal plates, proximal third of ray, X 5
(4, outer adambulacral spine carrying pedicellariae shown in fig. 4; J, inferomarginal spine;
P, giant pedicellariae; S, superomarginal spine); 2, 3, one of the numerous giant pedicel-
lariae from the annular pads of tissue, two views, 1.7 mm. long, 50; 4, a pedicellaria from
outer of the two adambulacral spines, 0.27 mm. long, X 100.
5, L. radiosus Liitken: Plan of skeleton of ray, the base to left, X 5 (.7, outer end of ambulacral
plates, dotted; 4D, adambulacral plates; C, carinals; 7, inferomarginals; S, superomarginals).
PLATE 68
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PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 6S
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U, S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 90 Washington : 1941 No. 3115
NOTES ON MEXICAN TURTLES OF THE GENUS
KINOSTERNON
By LronHARD STEJNEGER
WueEN changes of nomenclature become necessary it is desirable
that the painful operation be performed as soon as possible; hence the
preparation of this paper. At the same time the opportunity is taken
to publish the description of a hitherto unnamed geographic race of a
long-recognized species, the result of a study of the genus Kinosternon
Spix still in progress.
KiINOSTERNON ACUTUM Gray
1831. Kinosternon scorpioides a acuta GRAY, Synopsis reptilium, p. 34 (pl. 7, fig. 1)
(no locality; type in British Museum); Cat. Tort. Brit. Mus., 1844, p. 33
(Central America); Cat. Shield Rept. Brit. Mus., pt. 1, March 8, 1856,
p. 44 (Central America); Hand-list Shield Rept. Brit. Mus., 1873, p. 61
(Central America).
1865. Cinosternum berendtianum Corn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1865,
p- 189 (type locality, Tabasco, Mexico; cotypes, U.S.N.M. No. 6517;
C. H. Berendt, collector).
1869. Swanka maculata Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 162 (type locality,
Cosamaloapam, Veracruz, Mexico; cotype in British Museum; Mr.
Sallé, collector) (in part).
1873. Cinosternon effeldtii Peters, Monatsb. Berlin Akad. Wiss., 1873, p. 603,
pl. 5, figs. 1-3 (type locality, ‘‘angeblich’? Mexico, Veracruz; type in
Berlin Mus.).
1885. Cinosternum leucostomum GtnTHER, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Rept., p. 17
(part) pl. 16 (Cosamaloapam, Veracruz, Mexico; Guatemala) (not of
Duméril).
In 1831 J. E. Gray listed a Kinosternon specimen in the British
Museum under the varietal name acuta, giving as a character ‘Sterno
postico acuto integro,” without mentioning any locality. In the
322222—41 457
458 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 90
catalogue of 1844 he added that the specimen is from C[entral]
America, that it is a dry preparation, and the “shell wants dorsal
plates” [laminae]. In the Catalogue of Shield Reptiles (1856) he
listed the same specimen as No. c¢ under Kinosternon scorpioides
“Var. 1. Hinder part of sternum entire.” In the Handlist (1873)
he finally gave the additional information that the shell is ‘elongate,
3% inches” [98.5 mm.]. These are all the details that have been
published with regard to this specimen, which together with its name
seems to have been completely overlooked by all subsequent students
of the genus, even by Boulenger in his Catalogue of the Chelonians
in the British Museum (1889). Not finding in the latter any indica-
tion as to whether Gray’s type was still in existence, I wrote to Dr.
H. W. Parker asking him if it might not be one of the unspecified
specimens listed under scorpioides or leucostomum. Before the month
was out I had his kind answer to the effect that he had located the
specimen and that it is the one listed by Boulenger (Cat. Chelonians,
p. 44) as specimen e. ¢, stffd. C. America, under Cinosternum berend-
tianum. The detailed measurements of it, which he communicated
at the same time, agree closely with those of Cope’s three cotypes
proving that Boulenger’s reference of it to this species was fully
justified.
The critical measurements of the plastron of the type furnished by
Dr. Parker are as follows: Length of plastron 91.2 mm., anterior lobe
27.5 mm., middle section 26.7 mm., posterior lobe 37.0 mm., gular
15.5 mm. The corresponding measurements of the largest male
cotype of K. berendtianum (U.S.N.M. No. 106294) are as follows:
89, 28, 27, 34, and 17 mm.
“With regard to the locality of acuta,’ Dr. Parker writes, “there is
a MS. addition in one of our copies of Gray’s catalogue saying ‘Hon-
duras.’ What authority there is for this I do not know.” As
Siebenrock lists a specimen from Lake Petén, Guatemala, the locality
“Honduras” is probably correct.
Unwelcome as the change of name is, there can be no doubt as to
the correctness of Boulenger’s identification, and according to the
International Code of Nomenclature the species will have to stand as
Kinosternon acutum.
KINOSTERNON CRUENTATUM CONSORS, new subspecies
Diagnosis.—Three strong dorsal keels, rather close together; central
laminae of carapace narrow; plastron filling opening of shell com-
pletely; posterior hinge of plastron straight; no emargination of
posterior edge of plastron; similar to K. cruentatum Duméril, but shell
averaging narrower and lower; front lobe of plastron averaging shorter
and ‘“‘midlobe”’ (the fixed part) longer.
Holotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 13912; @ adult; Cozumel Island, Yucatan,
Mexico; collected by U.S.F.C.S. Albatross Expedition, 1885.
NOTES ON THE GENUS KINOSTERNON—STEJNEGER 459
Paratypes—U.S.N.M. Nos. 13910 9, 13911 9, 13913 2, same data
as holotype; U.S.N.M. No. 6556 o", Yucatan, Progreso, A. Schott,
collector; Philadelphia Acad. No. 94, Yucatan, A. Schott, collector.
Dimensions of holotype.—Lenzth of carapace, 104 mm., width 68
mm.; length of plastron 97 mm.
Remarks.—Two species of the genus Kinosternon occur in Yucatan,
viz, the present representative of K. cruentatum and the other K.
creaseri described a few years ago by Dr. Norman Hartweg (Occas.
Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 277, Jan. 2, 1934, p. 1) from
specimens collected at Chichen Itza. Unfortunately he does not
describe the dorsai keels and the width of the central laminae, but as
he compares his specimens with K. berendtianum and as I have before
me two specimens also from Chichen Itza, with broad central laminae,
I have no reason to doubt that they belong to K. ereaserit and that
consequently two species are represented in the state of Yucatan.
Only six specimens, three males and three females, are available for
the evaluation of this form, but they display such unusual uniformity
that there is little doubt as to the justification of its nomenclatorial
recognition. Moreover, the two specimens from the north coast of
Yucatan agree so well with the Cozumel Island specimens that the
latter can have no claim to be regarded as a purely insular race. The
relationship to K. cruentatum is unmistakable, and while the differences
separating them are of significant magnitude, there is enough overlap
to make the application of a trinominal advisable.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE; 1941
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
ce
fs & Nv. SN
Coe,
Rg
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
issued
Vol. 90 Washington: 194] No. 3116
A REVISION OF THE CHALCID-FLIES OF THE GENUS
MONODONTOMERUS IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL
MUSEUM
By A. B. GAHAN
Tue chalid genus Monodontemerus Westwood is recorded from all
the faunal regicns except the Ethiopian and Australian. Representa-
tives of the genus are in the United States National Museum from
France, Germany, Russia, China, Japan, Mexico, Cuba, the United
States, and Canada.
Only those species of which actual specimens are at hand have
been included in this revision, since it is impracticable to place the
others by their descriptions. The species thus omitted from the key
are nitidus Newport, punctatus Thomson, rugulosus Thomson, strobili
Mayr, usticensis Riggio and Destefani, virens Thomson, laricis Mayr,
argentinus Brethes, cupreus (Spinola), inclusus Kieffer and Jorgenson,
phormio Walker, schrottkyi Brethes, trichiophthalmus (Cameron),
vianai Blanchard, and nubecula Rondani.,
GENERIC CHARACTERS OF MONODONTOMERUS
The following combination of characters will distinguish Mon-
odontomerus from all other genera placed in the subfamily Monodontom-
erinae: Antennae 13-jointed (scape, pedicel, one ring joint, seven
funicular joints, and three club joints); flagellum cylindrical, not or
only slightly thickened toward apex; occiput margined; scutellum with
a distinct transverse furrow; postscutellum usually with a median
carina; propodeum with a triangular or subtriangular depression
322223—41—-1 461
462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
medially, the depression broadest anteriorly, bisected by a median
longitudinal carina, the two sections of the depression more or less
foveolated; posterior coxa large, with a more or less prominent pro-
tuberance near apex on the inner dorsal margin; posterior femur
rather broad, with a single tooth on ventral margin beyond the middle;
posterior tibia with two moderately long, unequal spurs located at the
apex; fore wing extending beyond apex of abdomen; marginal vein
usually about half as long as submarginal; postmarginal vein shorter
than marginal; stigmal vein at least a little shorter than postmarginal;
abdomen sessile, never strongly compressed or depressed, and approxi-
mately as leng as head and thorax; posterior margins of tergites
(except sometimes the third tergite) not emarginate; ovipositor always
prominently exserted.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MONODONTOMERUS IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL
MUSEUM
1. Scutellum, behind cross furrow, smooth and polished except for
atewaweaklinesilaterallly 2 22255" s ee ate eee ee a ee ern ee re 12
Scutellum, behind cross furrow, distinctly sculptured, sculpture
usually weaker medially than laterally and occasionally with
a medianjarea quite smoothes aes eee eae ee eee 2
2. Malar furrow absent or impressed for only a very short distance
adjacent to eye margin; face convexly swollen below an-
tennage. 2 Nee te Sue eet ee oN ee ths Ray eee epee aay oe 11
Malar furrow present and complete; face flat or nearly so, at
least not mankedly swollen... 2-21 _@s. 52 2e = ee eee 3
3. Ovipositor obviously shorter than abdomen--------.------------------ 4
Ovipositor at least very nearly as long as abdomen, usually as
lone as/abdomentorlongers. 222% ere Tt oa. Se eee 9
4. First tergite with very shallow but rather distinct reticulation
ovensits) dorsalysuriaces==-—- ae eee 1. dianthidii, new species
Hirst terete dorsallyswathout; sculptunes == — ee ee eee 5
5. Fore wing without a stigmal cloud; propodeum basally on each
side of median carina with a broadly rounded and rather deep
depression behind which is a less well defined and much smaller
depression; funicle joints, except first, broader than long; ovi-
positor about half as long as abdomen__--_---_------ 2. aereus Walker
Fore wing with a distinct cloud at stigmal vein; propodeum
with median depression elongate and narrower; funicle joints
rarely broader than long; ovipositor usually but not always
more than ‘halfaslong7as“abdomen: - Yt ee. ee 6
6. Middle and fore legs, except their coxae, entirely reddish yellow;
ovipositor less than half as long as abdomen__----_-_ cubensis, new species
Middle and fore femora always metallic or black; ovipositor
about two-thirds as long as abdomen. =-_----- ==... 22-222 == 7
7. Scape metallic green; posterior tibia, except at base and apex,
metallic green and middle and anterior tibiae more or less
tinged iwithimetallics: = 22. eae ss ee 4. viridiscapus, new species
Scape testaceous, sometimes washed with metallic toward apex;
all tibiae reddish testaceousg 222 ee. oan Se ees 8
10.
tar
12.
13.
14.
THE GENUS MONODONTOMERUS—GAHAN 463
. Dorsum of thorax uniformly coppery green -___-_- 5. mexicanus, new species
Dorsum of thorax dark green with only a very slight brassy
CALEY AS gang, SO aera Se a ta ea ee 6. indiscretus, new species
. Propodeum laterad of median depression very weakly sculp-
tured, practically smooth; fore wing with a distinct stigmal
cloud; eyes conspicuously pilose__-.-.--------- 7. obscurus Westwood
Propodeum laterad of median depression distinctly sculptured;
stigmal cloud very faint or absent; eyes with very short,
Sparse; MNGOLRSPICUOUS=PUCs = aos 2a a tee ee es See a ee 10
Mandibles tridentate, ventral tooth not or only slightly extend-_
ing beyond apex of middle tooth, and inner tooth only
slightly basad of other two; all three teeth short__8. montivagus Ashmead
Mandibles bidentate, ventral tooth elongate and acute, inner
tooth small and located far basad of apex of ventral one
9. mandibularis, new species
Posterior margin of third tergite not emarginate; malar space
equal to more than half height of eye; ocellocular line equal
to nearly twice diameter of a lateral ocellus; pronotum and
prescutum with strong purplish reflections___-___-__ 10. bakeri, new species
Posterior margin of third tergite deeply triangularly emarginate
at middle; malar space less than half as long as eye; ocel-
locular line only slightly longer than diameter of a lateral
ocellus; pronotum very slightly tinged with purplish, pre-
scutum without purple reflections_________ 11. emarginatus, new species
Tooth on posterior femur about its own length before apex of
femur; punctate groove setting off marginal frenum on
scutellum continued uninterruptedly around apex of scutel-
lum; median depression on propodeum sharply triangular____-_______ 13
Tooth on posterior femur at least twice its own length before
apex of femur; punctate groove setting off marginal frenum
more or less interrupted at apex of scutellum; median de-
pression on propodeum sometimes about as broad poste-
FIOLIyA Asan terlOll ys ae eee ee eee ko th Le See Oe See 14
First tergite dorsally distinctly reticulately sculptured on apical
half; ovipositor half to two-thirds as long as abdomen;
mesoscutum blackish, seutellum dark green; scape of female
usually metallic green; scape and face of male metallic green
12. dentipes (Dalman)
First tergite not sculptured dorsally; ovipositor not over half
as long as abdomen; mesoscutum and frequently scutellum
strongly purplish or violaceous; scape of female testaceous,
sometimes slightly metallic toward apex; scape and face of
MALE BOraASsys CCN aes tye Ae See he Tee 13. japonicus Ashmead
Median depression on propodeum acute posteriorly or at least
subacute; sculpture on propodeum laterad of the median
depression consisting of obliquely transverse rugae; tooth on
posterionstemur slender] 2 ee s4 ee 14. subobsoletus, new species
Median depression on propodeum about as broad posteriorly
as anteriorly; sculpture laterad of median depression more
reticulate; tooth on posterior femur broader at base and
samewlab less slender. <7 s4. to 8 sc tS 15. obsoletus (Fabricius)
464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
1. MONODONTOMERUS DIANTHIDII, new species
May be distinguished, from all other species having the apex of
scutellum sculptured, by the distinct though very shallow scuipturing
of the dorsum of the first tergite.
Female —Length 3.25 mm.; ovipositor 1 mm. General color
aenescent blackish; head dark metallic green, the face tinged with
cupreous; antennal scape mostly testaceous but darker and more or
less tinged with metallic toward apex; flagellum brownish black;
propodeum tinged with greenish; all coxae and femora dark brownish
with metallic reflections; all tibiae and tarsi testaceous; wings hyaline
with only very faint indication of infuscation at stigmal vein; abdomen
bronzy black; ovipositor sheaths black with a paler stripe on ventral
margin extending from base to near apical one-fourth.
Head uniformly shagreened, temples nearly transverse to the longi-
tudinal axis of body; eyes with very sparse, short pile; ocellocular line
about equal to diameter of ocellus; malar space equal to approximately
one-third the eye height; malar groove complete and distinct; face
nearly flat; clypeus protruding very shghtly beyond anterior margin
of head; mandibles with the two ventral teeth short and subequal.
Antennae inserted above lower extremities of eyes; scape not reaching
to anterior ocellus; pedicel barely longer than broad; ring joint
strongly transverse; first funicular joint about as long as broad,
following joints of funicle all a little broader than long; club not thicker
than funicle and about as long as two preceding joints combined.
Thorax approximately twice as long as broad, rugulosely sculptured
on the dorsum, without obvious pits or punctures, the rugulae forming
irregularly shaped areas; scutellum longer than broad, distinctly
sculptured behind as well as before the transverse furrow and with
the punctate marginal groove continuous around apex; apex of scutel-
lum more strongly produced over postscutellum than usual; post-
scutellum smooth, with a delicate median carina; median depression
on propodeum triangular, the surface between this depression and
spiracular groove distinctly reticulately sculptured. Tooth on
posterior femur not slender, located at approximately the apical one-
fifth of femur. Anterior wing extending nearly to apex of ovi-
positor; submarginal, marginal, postmarginal, and stigmal veins in
approximately the proportions of 25, 10, 9, and 4, respectively.
Abdomen about as long as thorax, slightly compressed, reticulately
sculptured; first tergite dorsally about as distinctly aciculately
sculptured as the other tergites and comprising a little more than one-
third length of abdomen; second tergite about one-fourth as long as
first; third nearly twice as long as second; fourth shorter than third
but longer than second; fifth and sixth very short, the sixth with the
spiracles sunk in unusually deep pits and bare except for four or five
THE GENUS MONODONTOMERUS—GAHAN 465
erect hairs just dorsad of each spiracle; posterior margin of none of
the tergites emarginate medially; ovipositor not so long as abdomen.
Male.—Length 2.6 mm. Scape not swollen, slightly curved, and
wholly metallic; ocellocular line a little shorter than diameter of
ocellus; malar space about one-fourth length of eye; eyes rather dis-
tinctly pilose; abdomen not quite so long as thorax, not compressed;
rst tergite comprising a little more than one-third length of abdomen;
second and third subequal and together a little shorter than first;
fourth and fifth subequal and each about as long as third; sixth shorter,
nearly perpendicular, and with the spiracles in shallow depressions.
Otherwise like the female.
Type locality —Boulevard, Calif.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 54260,
Described from 3 females (1 holotype) and 10 males reared by L.
H. Weld, March 2, 1922, from a cell of Dianthidium on oak.
2. MONODONTOMERUS AEREUS Walker
Monodoniomerus aereus WALKER, Ent. Mag., vol. 2, p. 158, 1834.
Monodontomerus aereus is rather easily recognized because of its
unusually short ovipositor, this rarely being more than half as long
as the abdomen. The antennae are a little shorter and thicker than
usual, with all funicle joints, except the first, distinctly broader than
long, the flagellum black, the scape usually more or less testaceous
basally beneath. The eyes are inconspicuously pilose, the pile very
short. The scutellum is about as broad as long, its apex behind the
cross furrow uniformly strongly sculptured with longitudinal rugae,
and with the marginal groove uninterrupted medially. The post-
scutellum is smooth, distinctly broader than long, and has a distinct
median carina. The propodeum at base on each side of the median
carina has a large, more or less rounded, and rather deep depression
and behind this a much smaller one, the surface of propodeum between
the median depression and the spiracular sulcus strongly sculptured.
The fore wings extend beyond the apex of the abdomen nearly to the
apex of the ovipositor and are hyaline and without a fuscous cloud
at the stigmal vein. The tooth on the hind femur is prominent and
rather broad. The abdomen is about as long as the thorax, the first
tergite dorsally perfectly smooth and comprising approximately one-
third of the length of the abdomen, the following tergites more or less
distinctly sculptured. The head and thorax have the usual type of
sculpture for the genus and are nearly uniformly greenish black with
a brassy tint. The coxae and femora are concolorous with the thorax
and the tibiae and tarsi are reddish brown to dark brown. The first
tergite is bluish green and the following tergites blackish with a
metallic sheen. The length of the body ranges from 2.3 to 3.5 mm.
466 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
This species has been recorded from a long list of lepidopterous,
hymenopterous, and dipterous hosts and is known to develop as both
a primary and a secondary parasite. It was originally described
from Europe, where it is widely distributed, and has also been reported
from Japan. Voluntarily introduced into America to combat the
gipsy and browntail moths, it is said now to be distributed over the
entire region infested by these pests. A detailed account of the life
history, distribution, and hosts of aereus is given by Muesebeck ! and
may be consulted for more complete information.
3. MONODONTOMERUS CUBENSIS, new species
The apex of the scutellum in this species is less strongly sculptured
and more shining than in any of the other species placed in the key
under the group having it sculptured. In some specimens this sculp-
ture is, in fact, so weak that it may easily be overlooked unless a
fairly high magnification is used. The shorter ovipositor, together
with the bright testaceous color of the anterior and middle legs,
exclusive of their coxae, distinguishes the species from mexicanus,
which it most closely resembles.
Female.—Length 3.3 mm.; ovipositor 0.8 mm. Head and dorsum
of thorax nearly uniformly dull brassy green; propodeum, pleura,
coxae, and all femora blackish green, less strongly tinged with brassy
than the dorsum; anterior and middle legs, except their coxae, pos-
terior trochanters, extreme apices of posterior femora, posterior tibiae
and tarsi, and the antennal scape bright testaceous; all tarsi a little
paler than tibiae; antennal pedicel brownish testaceous; flagellum
black; wings hyaline, with a spot embracing the stigmal vein and
extending approximately one-third of the way across the wing very
dark fuscous; tegulae fuscotestaceous; abdomen blackish with metallic
reflections.
Head uniformly shagreened and rather densely hairy; eyes with
sparse, short pile; ocellocular line equal to or very slightly shorter
than diameter of a lateral ocellus; temples nearly transverse to longi-
tudinal axis of body; malar space equal to about one-third the eye
height; malar furrow complete and strong; anterior margin of face
nearly straight, the clypeal margin very slightly protruded. Anten-
nal scape cylindrical, not quite attaming front ocellus; pedicel very
nearly as broad as long; ring joint strongly transverse; funicle thicker
than pedicel and of the same thickness throughout its length; first
funicle joint a little longer than broad, all the others quadrate or
nearly so; club ovate, slightly broader than funicle, and a little longer
than two preceding joints combined. Mandible with three very short,
subequal teeth.
1Journ. Agr. Res., vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 445-460, 1931.
THE GENUS MONODONTOMERUS—GAHAN 467
Thorax dorsally strongly shagreened and densely clothed with
rather long whitish hairs; scutellum about as broad as long, only very
slightly overlapping postscutellum, weakly sculptured and shining
behind the transverse furrow, the punctate marginal groove com-
plete; postscutellum practically smooth and with only a very weak
suggestion of a median carina; mesepisternum strongly sculptured;
mesepimeron not entirely smooth; propodeum about half as long as
scutellum, with a moderately deep triangular median depression and
with the surfaces between this depression and the spiracular sulci
strongly rugulose; all coxae strongly sculptured; hind femur reticu-
lately aciculated, not especially broad, the ventral tooth acutely trian-
gular and located approximately at apical one-sixth of femur.
Anterior wing extending a little beyond apex of abdomen; submargi-
nal, marginal, postmarginal, and stigmal veins in approximately the
proportions of 30, 13, 6, and 5, respectively; hind wing not quite at-
taining end of abdomen.
Abdomen moderately compressed, rather finely and evenly reticu-
lately aciculate on sides; first tergite dorsally perfectly smooth and
comprising about one-third length of abdomen; second tergite short,
sometimes entirely hidden dorsally beneath the first; third and
fourth tergites dorsally subequal and together a little longer than
first; fifth and sixth tergites subequal on dorsal line and together
about equal in length to the fourth, the sixth with numerous suberect
hairs laterally and with spiracles in rather shallow pits; ovipositor
about one-third as long as abdomen.
Type locality. Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 54261.
Seven females (one, holotype) said to have been reared from Hu-
proctis argentiflua Hiibner by A. R. Otero, September 27, 1930.
4. MONODONTOMERUS VIRIDISCAPUS, new species
Female.—Length 3.5 mm.; ovipositor 1.25 mm. Agreeing with the
description of mexicanus except in the following particulars: Head
green, with scarcely any brassy tinge; scape entirely green and strongly
sculptured; posterior tibia dark brownish with a metallic green tinge,
its extreme base narrowly and approximately the apical one-third
reddish testaceous; anterior and middle tibiae more or less tinged
with metallic; first tergite dorsally distinctly bluish green; ocellocular
line obviously a little longer than diameter of lateral ocellus; length
of eye about three times length of malar space; anterior margin of face
not straight but distinctly a little concave; postscutellum perfectly
smooth and polished, with a very weak median carina; second seg-
ment of abdomen dorsally very short; third tergite not longer than
fourth.
468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Male.—Length 2.6 mm. Similar to the female but with the first
tergite comprising about two-fifths of length of abdomen, the second
tergite dorsally completely concealed beneath the first. Antennae
mostly missing from the one specimen available.
Type locality —Orizaba, Mexico.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 54262.
Described from 4 females (one holotype) and one male bearing only
the label “Orizaba.” The collector and date of collection not known.
5. MONODONTOMERUS MEXICANUS, new species
Similar to montivagus Ashmead but distinguishable at once by the
conspicuous fuscous cloud embracing the stigmal vein, by the propor-
tionally shorter ovipositor, and by the conspicuously hairy eyes.
Female.—Length exclusive of ovipositor 2.75 to 4 mm., ovipositor
6.8 to 1.38 mm. Head duil metallic green, often more or less tinged
with brassy; thoracic dorsum dull coppery green; propodeum, pleura,
all coxae, and all femora dark green; mesepimera brassy; tibiae and
tarsi reddish testaceous; antennal scape testaceous, sometimes washed
with metallic green toward apex; pedicel dark metallic; flagellum
black; mandibles testaceous; wings hyaline except for a conspicuous
fuscous cloud embracing the stigmal vein and extending approxi-
mately one-third of the way across the wing; tegulae metallic green;
abdomen greenish black; ovipositor sheath black with the extreme
apex and a narrow longitudinal stripe extending from base two-thirds
of the distance to apex testaceous.
Head nearly uniformly heavily shagreened and rather densely
clothed with conspicuous whitish hairs; eyes densely and conspicu-
ously pilose; ocelli in a low triangle; ocellocular line equal to or very
slightly exceeding diameter of lateral ocellus; temples nearly trans-
verse; length of eye about three and one-half times length of malar
space; malar furrow complete; anterior margin of face nearly straight,
the clypeal margin very slightly protruded but straight. Antennal
scape subcylindrical, not quite reaching anterior ocellus; pedicel
approximately one and one-half times as long as broad; ring joint
transverse; funicle thicker than pedicel and of the same thickness
throughout; first funicular joint slightly longer than broad, the
following joints subquadrate; club not thicker than funicle, conic
ovate, and about equal in length to the two preceding funicular joints
combined.
Pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum, and axillae strongly shagreened
and conspicuously hairy; scutellum about as broad as long, with a
distinct but shallow transverse furrow behind the middle, and cari-
nately margined at apex, the groove setting off the apical carina not
interrupted medially; surface of scutellum behind transverse furrow
THE GENUS MONODONTOMERUS—GAHAN 469
distinctly sculptured, a little more weakly so medially than laterally ;
postscutellum distinctly finely sculptured; pleuron, except mesepl-
meron, strongly punctate; mesepimeron mostly smooth. Propodeum
about half as long as scutellum, densely clothed with long white
hairs laterad of spiracular sulci, bare medially; spiracular sulci
broad and foveated; propodeum medially with a deep, triangular
depression divided in the middle by a longitudinal carina, this depres-
sion broadest anteriorly, extending from base nearly to apex of propo-
deum and often more or less weakly foveated; surface of propodeum
between median depression and spiracular sulci distinctly reticulated.
All coxae and femora strongly sculptured; posterior femur with
ventral tooth a little longer and slenderer than usual.
terior wing a little more than two and one-half times as long as
broad, reaching nearly to apex of ovipositor; submarginal, marginal,
postmarginal, and stigmal veins approximately in the proportions of
70, 36, 16, and 10, respectively ; basal cell completely outlined by
distinct rows of hairs and with several additional hairs within the
cell; cilia on disk of wing moderately dense; marginal cilia very short.
Posterior wing reaching to apex of abdomen.
Abdomen about as long as thorax, distinctly shagreened on sides
and beneath; first segment dorsally perfectly smooth and constituting
approximately one-third total length of abdomen; second segment
dorsally very faintly transversely aciculated and about one-fifth as
long as first; third and fourth segments dorsally distinctly trans-
versely aciculated, the third three or four times as long as the second,
the fourth slightly shorter than third; fifth, sixth, and seventh seg-
ments short, together about equal in length to the fourth. Ovipositor
exserted about two-thirds length of abdomen.
Male—Length 2.8 mm. Differs from female only in the usual
sexual characters and in its smaller size.
Type locality —Jacala, Hidalgo, Mexico.
Type —U.S.N.M. No. 54263.
Described from 20 females (1 holotype) and 7 males reared May
25 to 28, 1939, from cocoons of Trypoxylon mexicanum Saussure col-
lected at Jacala, Hidalgo, Mexico, by Phil Rau and bearing his note
numbers 1477 and 1506.
6. MONODONTOMERUS INDISCRETUS, new species
Female-—Length 3.3 mm.; ovipositor 1.1 mm. This species
apparently can be distinguished from mexicanus only by the fact that
the dorsum of the thorax is blackish green with only very slight
brassy reflections, the thorax appears to be slightly more slender and
a little less conspicuously hairy, and the hind femur is apparently not
quite so broad.
322223—41——2
470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
All these characters are relative, and were it not for the widely
different type localities and the totally different hosts I would hesitate
to consider indiscretus a different species from mericanus, but believe
it advisable to do so under the circumstances.
Type locality—Bar Harbor, Maine.
Type—U.S.N.M. No. 54264.
Described from four females received from A. E. Brower. Two of
these (one, holotype) are labeled “Pars. of Phillotoma nemorata
Fallen, bred June 9, 1936.’ The other two were bred on the same
date from birch leaves containing the same Piyliotoma.
7. MONODONTOMERUS OBSCURUS Westwood
Monodontomerus obscurus Westwoop, Philos. Mag., ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 443, 1833.
Monodontomerus sp. Rav, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 30, p. 338, 1937.
This species apparently has not previously been recognized from
America. In Europe it is variously recorded from hymenopterous,
dipterous, and lepidopterous hosts. Among the hymenopterous
hosts are at least three species of the genus Osmia. O. W. Richards ?
recorded it as a parasite of Osmia emarginata Lepiney in the Pyrenees
Mountains, and Maréchal* reared numerous specimens from nests
of O. cornuta (Latreille) and O. rufa (Linnaeus) collected at Liége,
Belgium. ;
Three specimens of a Monodontomerus said to have emerged from a
cocoon of Osmia lignaria Say taken at Nesco, Crawford County, Mo.,
were recently received from Phil Rau of St. Louis. The Osmia had
utilized an empty mud cell of Sceliphron cementariwm (Drury) as a
pupation chamber. Five other specimens of the same Monodonto-
merus reared from Osmia cordata Robertson had previously been sent
in by Mr. Rau. These formed the basis for the note on Monodonto-
merus sp. by Rau cited above in synonymy. Other specimens in the
United States National Museum indistinguishable from the above
are as follows: Two said to have emerged from cells of O. lignaria
collected at Nyack, N. Y., in 1885, by J. L. Zabriskie; one taken at
Mount Pleasant, Iowa, June 7, 1933, by H. E. Jacques; and four
collected at Washington, D. C., without further data.
These specimens have been compared with two specimens from
Europe identified by F. Ruschka as Monodontomerus obscurus and
also with Westwood’s original description of that species, and they
seem to agree so completely that Iam convinced they are Westwood’s
species.
M. obscurus differs from other known species found in America
by having the surface of the propodeum lying between the median
2Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 66, p. 91, 1930.
5Soe. Ent. France Livre Centenaire, p. 509, 1932.
THE GENUS MONODONTOMERUS—GAHAN 471
depression and the spiracular sulci nearly smooth and polished except
for some weak reticulation near the spiracles and occasionally some
subobsolete lines on the disk. The median depression on the propo-
deum is unusually shallow and mostly confined to the anterior half
of the propodeum, the posterior half of that sclerite having only a
very narrow crease or groove on each side of the median carina.
Female.—Length 4.2 mm.; ovipositor 1.8 mm. Head dull bluish
green; thorax blackish, tinted more or less strongly with bluish green
on posterior margin of pronotum, posterior half of prescutum, scapulae,
and scutellum in front of cross furrow; scutellum behind cross furrow
black; axillae strongly tinted with coppery; propodeum bluish green;
pleura black varied with green on mesepisternum; all coxae and fe-
mora blackish, tinted with green; tibiae and tarsi reddish testaceous;
antennal scape testaceous, darker toward apex; pedicel brownish;
flagellum black; mandibles dark reddish; wings hyaline, with a weak
though obvious infuscation around the stigmal vein; tegulae dark
brown; abdomen black, the base beneath often more or less testaceous
and the first tergite dorsally slightly greenish; ovipositor sheaths
black, with a pale stripe beneath extending from base two-thirds of
distance to apex.
Head nearly uniformly heavily shagreened and moderately clothed
with whitish hairs. Eyes distinctly pilose; ocelli rather large, in a low
triangle; ocellocular line equal to longest diameter of a lateral ocellus;
malar space equal to approximately one-third height of eye; malar
eroove present; anterior margin of face nearly straight. Antennal
scape subcylindrical, nearly reaching to lower margin of anterior
ocellus; pedicel a little less than twice as long as broad;ring jointabout
two-thirds as broad as long; first funicular joint subequal in length to
pedicel but distinctly thicker, a little longer than broad; other joints
of funicle subquadrate and no thicker than first; club the same thick-
ness as funicle and about as long as two preceding funicular joints
combined.
Thorax strongly shagreened and moderately hairy; parapsidal
grooves sharply impressed; scutellum distinctly longer than broad,
with a distinct transverse furrow at apical one-third and carinately
margined at apex, the groove setting off the apical carina foveolated
and not interrupted at middle; surface of scutellum behind cross
furrow distinctly reticulated, a little more weakly so medially than
laterally; mesepimeron smooth and bare, remainder of pleuron dis-
tinctly sculptured and hairy; propodeum hairy laterally, bare medially ;
spiracular sulci strongly foveated; all coxae and femora distinctly
sculptured, the median pair less strongly so than the others; tooth
on hind femur short, blunt, and located a little more than one-fifth
the length of femur before its apex.
472 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Anterior wing more than two and one-half times as long as broad;
submarginal, marginal, postmarginal, and stigmal ves about in the
proportions of 57, 27, 13, and 8, respectively; basal cell completely
outlined by distinct rows of strong hairs and with a few hairs within
the cell; ciliation on disk of wing moderately dense; marginal cilia
very dense.
Abdomen about as long as thorax, distinctly sculptured on the
sides, the first tergite dorsally smooth and the following tergites dor-
sally very weakly lineolately sculptured; first tergite constituting a
little less than one-third length of abdomen, a little more than twice
as long as second; third tergite one and one-half times aslong as second;
fourth about equal in length to second; fifth a little shorter than fourth;
sixth and seventh tegether about equal to fourth; ovipositer sheaths
about as long as abdomen.
Male.—Length 3.2 to 3.9 mm. Similar to the female, except that
the scape is dark, the first funicular jomt is no longer than broad, the
other funicular joints are all slightly broader than long, and the second
abdominal tergite is very short, sometimes almost completely covered
by the first tergite.
8. MONODONTOMERUS MONTIVAGUS Ashmead
Monodontomerus montivagus ASHMBAD, Colorado Biol. Assoc. Bull. 1, p. 25, 1390.
Monodontomerus americanus Giravut, Descriptiones stellarum novarum, p. 11,
1917. (New synonymy.)
The types of moniivagus and americanus have been compared, and
they do not differ m any dependable character. The holotype of
americanus is a teneral specimen as shown by other specimens collected
at the same time and place, and this fact accounts for the slight
differences in color mentioned by Girault as distinguishing it from
montivagus.
Female —Length 3 to 5.1 mm.; ovipositor 1.6 to 2.8 mm. General
color distinctly and nearly uniformly metallic green with brassy re-
flections of variable intensity on head and thorax; femora metallic
green; all tibiae, all tarsi, antennal scape, and mandibles reddish
testaceous, the scape sometimes fuscous apically; flagellum black;
wines hyaline, usually with a very light infuscation at stigmal vein;
abdomen shining dark green; ovipositor blackish with the lower mar-
gin more or less pale. Vestiture pale grayish.
Eyes weakly pilose, the pile short and inconspicuous; malar space
equal to approximately one-third the length of eye but variable in
length; malar groove distinct; anterior margin of head straight;
mandibles with three short teeth, the ventral tooth not or very little
longer than the middle one; ocellocular line barely longer than diameter
of lateral ocellus; antennae inserted a little above lower margins of
THE GENUS MONODONTOMERUS—GAHAN 473
eyes, the face distinctly more than half as long as distance from
antennal fossae to anterior ocellus; funicular joints quadrate to a little
longer than broad; ring joint about twice as broad as long. Thorax
appearing a little narrower in proportion to its length than in some of
the other species, and with sculpture of mesonotum and scutellum
made up of distinct punctures intermingled with very fine reticula-
tions or wrinkles; scutellum behind transverse groove finely aciculated,
the aciculation weaker medially, the marginal groove uninterrupted;
postscutellum smooth, with a weak median carina; propodeum with
median depression rather shallow and triangular; surface of propodeum
between median depression and spiracular sulci distinctly aciculately
sculptured; mesepimeron polished; mesosternum and mesepisternum
with very shallow reticulation, the mesepisternum more strongly
sculptured along its posterior margin; posterior coxae strongly sculp-
tured outwardly, anterior and middle coxae less strongly so; posterior
femur not much thickened and with tooth on ventral margin not
especially long or slender and located at about apical one-fourth of
femur; wings extending beyond apex of abdomen; submarginal, mar-
ginal, postmarginal, and stigmal veins in approximately the propor-
tions of 40, 16, 8, and 5, respectively; abdomen about as long as head
and thorax together; first tergite comprising about one-third length
of abdomen, perfectly smooth dorsally; second, third, and fourth
tergites dorsally with weak transverse aciculations, smoother toward
apex; fifth tergite smooth dorsally; ovipositor sheaths equal to or a
little longer than abdomen.
Male.—Length 3.2 to 4.2 mm. Similar to the female except that
the antennal scape is much thickened, strongly curved dorsally, and
deeply and broadly excavated or notched ventrally; the funicular
joints all quadrate or nearly so.
Redescribed from the followmg specimens: One female (type of
montivagus), West Cliff, Colo.; one female, Boulder, Colo., collected
August 1 at nest of Anthophora occidentalis by T. D. A. Cockerell;
three females, Boulder, Colo., July 31, 1908, Cockerell collector; one
male, Custis County, Colo., Cockerell collector; one male, Colorado
Springs, Colo., July 14, 1895, Cockerell No. 3569; one male, on
Populus, Boulder, Colo., May 8, 1895, Cockerell No. 2945; two fe-
males, Santa Fe, N. Mex., July 29, 1895, Cockerell No. 3918; two
females, Helena, Mont., July 1892, H. G. Hubbard collector, m gal-
leries of Melissodes; four females (one the type of americanus) and
one male, Los Angeles, Calif., Coquillett collector; two females, Los
Angeles, Calif., from cell of Anthophora, A. Davidson collector; one
female, Beaver Valley, Utah; four females, Algonquin, Ill., C. F.
Baker, collector; and one female, Newark, Del., June 6, 1932, L. A.
Stearns collector.
474 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
The above-mentioned female taken by Cockerell at the nest of
Anthophora occidentalis at Boulder, Colo., has the apex of the mandibles
broadly rounded with only very slight mdications of apical teeth.
Otherwise it does not differ materially from other specimens of the
species and it is believed that the mandibles are simply worn.
9. MONODONTOMERUS MANDIBULARIS, new species
Monodontomerus montivagus Rau (not Ashmead), Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
vol. 24, p. 35, 1922.
Monodontomerus sp. Frison, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 48, p. 154, 1922.
Monodontcomerus sp. Rav, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, vol. 25, p. 222, 1926.
This species is difficult to distinguish from montiwagus except by
the mandibles, which in mandibularis are bidentate with the ventral
tooth long and acute, the mer tooth small and located far basad of
the apex of the ventral tooth so that its apex is approximately at the
basal two-thirds of the mandible. The antennae are inserted only
very slightly above a line connecting the lower extremities of the eyes
and the distance from the base of the antennae to the anterior margin
of the clypeus is only slightly more than half the distance from the
lower margin of the antennal fossae to the lower margin of the an-
terior ocellus. The ocellocular line is distinctly a little longer than
the diameter of a lateral ocellus.
The above characters hold for both sexes and are apparently the
only ones by which mandibularis can be separated from montivagus.
The size, color, and length of ovipositor are well within the range of
variation stated in the foregoing description of montivagus. The
scapes of the males are alike for the two species.
Type locality —St. Louis, Mo.
Type —U.S.N.M. No. 54265.
Described from the following specimens: 4 females (including the
holotype) and 4 males (including the allotype), reared by P. Rau; from
Anthophora abrupta Say, May 13, 1910, at St. Louis, Mo.; 1 female
and 3 males, St. Louis, Mo., P. Rau, No. 4181, host and date of col-
lection unknown; 4 females reared from Anthophora abrupta, Oak-
wood, Ill., June 9, 1919, T. H. Frison, Exp. D; 1 female and 1 male,
reared from A. abrupta, Henry County, Ohio, 1931, W. E. Dunham;
46 females and 10 males, under Bur. Ent. No. 862P°, reared from
Anthophora abrupta Say in the vincinity of Washington, D. C., and
bearing the respective dates November 17, 1877, May, July, and Nov-
ember 1878; 5 females from Bayou Sara, La., E. A. Schwarz collector,
January 23, 1879, also under Bur. Ent. No. 862P® (specimens badly
broken); 10 females and 1 male reared from Melitoma taurea (Say) at
Washington, D. C., March 10, 1879, under Bur. Ent. No. 50X; 5
females reared from Anthophora bomboides Kirby at Ithaca, N. Y.,
April 8, 1912, and April 12, 1921, R. C. Shannon; and 1 female from
THE GENUS MONODONTOMERUS—GAHAN 475
Algonquin, IIl., collected by C. F. Baker and bearing his note No.
3845,
As will be seen from the cited synonymy, the species has been con-
fused in literature, at least in one instance, with montivagus. It is
possible that other published records may also refer to this species.
10. MONODONTOMERUS BAKERI, new species
Most closely resembles emarginatus but may be distinguished at
once by the nonemarginate third tergite as well as by other characters
pointed out in the remarks following the description of emarginatus.
Also resembles montivagus but differs by having a longer malar
space, by the absence of a malar groove, by the more convex face, by
the longer ocellocular line, and in the purplish color of the pronotum
and prescutum.
Female.—Lenegth 4.7 mm.; ovipositor 2.4 mm. Head bluish green,
tinged with purplish on vertex; thorax bluish green, pronotum and
prescutum strongly tinged with purple and with some purplish tints
on pleura; coxae concolorous with thorax, with some purplish tints;
posterior femora metallic bluish, slightly diluted with testaceous,
median and anterior femora brownish testaceous; all tibiae and tarsi
testaceous; wings hyaline with a weak infuscation at stigmal vein;
antennal scape and pedicel dark brownish tinged with metallic, the
extreme base of scape testaceous; flagellum brownish black; mandibles
testaceous; abdomen brownish black, with weak metallic and viola-
ceous reflections.
Head appearing rather thick anteroposteriorly, the temples less
strongly receding than usual; eyes practically bare; oceilocular line
nearly twice as long as diameter of a lateral ocellus; malar space equal
to a little more than half height of eye; malar groove entirely absent;
face below antennae distinctly swollen, especially convex medially;
mandible with the two ventral teeth subequal; clypeus not protruding;
antennae inserted a little below a line connecting lower extremities of
eyes; scape not quite attaining level of anterior ocellus; pedicel about
one and one-half times as long as broad; ring joint large, about twice
as broad as long; first funicular joint subquadrate, following joints of
funicle all a little broader than long; club not thicker than funicle and
a little longer than two preceding joints combined. Integument of
head rather strongly and neariy uniformly shagreened but with a
smooth area along posterior orbit at lower extremity of eye.
Thorax inclusive of propodeum about twice as long as broad,
strongly shagreened, the rugulae on mesoscutum and scutellum inter-
mingled with numerous shallow pits or punctures; scutellum longer
than broad, reticulately sculptured behind transverse groove, the
punctate marginal groove- continuous around apex; postscutellum
faintly sculptured and with a delicate carina in middle; propodeum
A476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
with median depression triangular, area between this depression and
spiracular sulcus strongly sculptured. Tooth on posterior femur
short and blunt and located at approximately apical one-fifth of femur.
Anterior wing extending well beyond apex of abdomen; submarginal,
marginal, postmarginal, and stigmal veins approximately in the
proportions of 40, 17, 9, and 6, respectively.
Abdomen a little longer than head and thorax, compressed, weakly
reticulated on the sides; first tergite dorsally perfectly smooth, and
comprising a little less than one-third length of abdomen, second to
fifth tergites dorsally weakly transversely aciculated, the second about
half as long as the first, third and fourth each a hitle longer than the
second, fifth about as long as the second, sixth tergite finely reticulately
sculptured and clothed with suberect hairs, ovipositor as long as
abdomen.
Male unknown.
Type locality —“Amile Hill,’”’ Colo.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 54266.
One female collected by C. F. Baker and bearing his field notebook
No. 1330. The note under this number states that the specimen was
collected in July at Amile Hill in northern Colorado. The locality is
presumed to be in the neighborhood of Fort Collins, and the time of
collection was probably July 1894.
11, MONODONTOMERUS EMARGINATUS, new species
The deep and broad emargination of the third tergite distinguishes
this species at once from all other species in the collection.
Female —Length 4.2 mm.; ovipositor 2.1mm. Head bluish green;
dorsum of the thorax greenish black; pronotum, propodeum, mesepis-
ternum, and coxae weakly tinged with purple; mesepimeron polished
ereenish black; all femora metallic bluish; all tibiae and tarsi testa-
ceous; abdomen black, tinged with metallic; antennal scape metallic,
flagellum black; wings hyaline with a distinct fuscous cloud at stigmal
vein.
Head moderately thick anteroposteriorly; ocellocular line very
slightly longer than diameter of lateral ocellus; eyes practically bare;
malar space very nearly equal to half length of eye; malar furrow
effaced except for a short distance at eye margin; mandibles with the
two lower teeth subequal; anterior margin of head straight, clypeal
margin not protruding; face slightly swollen, especially prominent
just below antennae; antennae inserted on a line connecting lower
extremities of eyes; scape not quite attaining level of anterior ocellus,
distinctly sculptured; pedicel a little longer than broad; ring joint
large, about two-third as long as broad; first joint of funicle quadrate,
second to seventh funicular joints all somewhat transverse, the seventh
THE GENUS MONODONTOMERUS—GAHAN 477
about twice as broad as long; club 3-jointed, ovate, not broader than
funicle and a little longer than two preceding joints combined. Sur-
face of head nearly uniformly shagreened but with a smooth area
along posterior orbit at lower extremity of eye.
Thorax about twice as long as broad, sculptured about like the head;
scutellum longer than broad, its surface behind transverse furrow
nearly smooth medially but distinctly though weakly aciculately
sculptured laterally; punctate groove setting off marginal frenum on
scutellum not interrupted; postscutellum with a weak median carina;
median depression on propodeum triangular, area between median
depression and spiracular sulcus distinctly though not strongly reticu-
lated. Tooth on posterior femur short, broad at base, and located at
approximately apical one-fifth of femur. Anterior wing extending
beyond apex of abdomen; submarginal, marginal, postmarginal,
and stigmal veins in approximately the proportions of 35, 16, 8, and 5,
respectively.
Abdomen about as long as head and thorax, rather strongly com-
pressed; distinctly reticulated on sides, more weakly sculptured dor-
sally; first tergite perfectly smooth dorsally, comprising approxi-
mately one-third length of abdomen; second dorsally about half as
long as first and weakly aciculated; third deeply triangularly emargi-
nate at middle, sculptured about like second; fourth sculptured like
second, not emarginate medially, and about as long as second; fifth
tergite shorter and practically smooth dorsally; sixth as long as fifth,
distinctly sculptured and completely clothed with suberect hairs;
ovipositor about as long as abdomen.
Male unknown.
Type locality —Radium, Colo.
Type —U.S.N.M. No. 54267.
Described from one female said to have been reared from the nest
of a leaf-cutter bee (?Megachile) collected in an aspen log in 1922 by
E. Bethel.
The type is a slightly broken but apparently normal specimen
greatly resembling the new species bakeri described in this paper.
Besides having the third tergite emarginate, it differs from bakert
by having the malar space somewhat shorter, the oceili less distant
from the eye margin, the cloud in the fore wing at the stigma larger
and darker, and the dorsum of the thorax not purplish except to a
slight extent on the pronotum.
12. MONODONTOMERUS DENTIPES (Dalman)
Torymus dentipes DauMAN, Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 41, pp. 173, 178,
pl. 7, figs. 23-25, 1820.—Bourman, Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 44, p:
335, 1833.
Monodontomerus dentipes (Dalman) Watker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 19, p.
227, 1847.
A78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
This species differs from others having the apex of the scutellum
smooth by having the dorsum of the first tergite distinctly though
not strongly sculptured.
Female.—Length 3.5 mm.; ovipositor 1 mm. Head metallic green;
eyes and ocelli usually reddish; mandibles testaceous; scape and
pedicel usually dark metallic, scape sometimes testaceous on basal
half; flagellum black; thorax mostly dark greenish with median lobe of
mesoscutum black; coxae and femora dark greenish; tibiae and tarsi
reddish testaceous; abdomen black with a faint greenish tint especially
on dorsum of first tergite and on apices of following tergites; wings
hyaline with a weakly fuscous spot embracing stigmal vein; tegulae
metallic. Vestiture on dorsum of thorax brownish, elsewhere
apparently paler.
Eyes conspicuously pilose; ocellocular line barely longer than
diameter of lateral ocellus; temples nearly transverse to body axis;
malar space equal to about one-fourth of eye height, malar furrow
complete; mandibles tridentate, teeth short and subequal; face nearly
flat, margin of clypeus very slightly protruding beyond anterior margin
of face. Antennae inserted distinctly above lower margins of eyes;
first funicular joint obviously a little longer than broad, distinctly
thicker than pedicel; second to sixth joints of funicle very slightly
longer than broad; seventh subquadrate; club not thicker than
funicle and about as long as two preceding joints combined; scape not
quite attaining anterior ocellus; scutellum about as broad as long,
not overlapping postscutellum, perfectly smooth behind transverse
furrow, foveolate groove setting off marginal frenum on scutellum
uninterrupted medially; postscutellum with a strong median carina;
propodeum distinctly sculptured, with a moderately deep and sharply
triangular median depression extending from base nearly to apex
and bisected by a longitudinal carina; tooth on posterior femur closer
to apex of femur than usual and not so slender as in some other species;
submarginal, marginal, postmarginal, and stigmal veins in approxi-
mately the proportions of 30, 17, 9, and 6, respectively; stigmal vein
very little thickened and slightly longer than usual; dorsum of first
tergite distinctly though not strongly sculptured on its posterior half;
second to fifth tergites a little more strongly sculptured dorsally than
usual; ovipositor sheaths about two-thirds as long as abdomen.
Male.—Length 2.75 mm. Similar to the female except in the usual
sexual characters.
The identification of this species is based upon two specimens from
Germany determined as dentipes by an unidentified entomologist,
possibly Arnold Férster. Two other European specimens without
locality labels, one of which is said to have parasitized Diprion pint
(Linnaeus), are in the collection; also four specimens collected by
THE GENUS MONODONTOMERUS—GAHAN 479
C. R. Kellogg at Foochow, China, in 1928. Besides this Old World
material the collection contains several large series, comprising over
300 specimens, mostly reared from Diprion simile (Hartig) in Maine,
Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Ohio,
and Ontario, Canada.
Monodontomerus dentipes was originally proposed in the genus
Torymus by Dalman accompanied by a very short description, which,
so far as it goes, fits the present species. Dalman’s specimens were
subsequently more fully described by Boheman, and the species has
most frequently been credited to that author but should be credited to
Dalman.
In European literature Monodontomerus dentipes has been recorded
as parasitizing several different species of sawflies and a number of
species of Lepidoptera and in other instances as secondarily parasitic
through species of Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Chalcididae, and
Tachinidae. It is probable, however, that not all these records refer
to the true dentipes. Dalla Torre * has listed dentipes as identified by
Mayr as a synonym of virens Thomson, and Hoffmyer?® has indicated
the same synonymy.
In the United States National Museum is one female specimen identi-
fied as dentipes by Mayr and another identified by Ruschka. These
two specimens differ from dentipes as here treated by having the groove
setting off the marginal carina or frenum on the scutellum distinctly
interrupted at the apex of the scutellum, by having the first tergite
perfectly smooth and sculptureless, by the tooth on hind femur being
distinctly longer, slenderer, and farther from the apex of the femur,
and by having the ovipositer very nearly as long as the abdomen.
They disagree with the description of virens by having a strong median
carina on the postscutellum and in having the marginal groove on
the scutellum interrupted. <A third specimen of what is evidently
the same form is in the collection. This was taken in Hungary by
C. Sajo and bears the name label Monodontomerus obsoletus (Fabri-
cius). It is apparently not obsoletus, however, since the median de-
pression on the propodeum is narrower and more acute posteriorly.
The funicle joints are all a little longer than broad, the tooth on the
posterior femur is longer and more slender, and the general color
is slightly more greenish than in that species. It is impossible at
the present time to identify this form positively and it is discussed
here merely to show the probable confusion existing regarding some of
the European species.
4 Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 290, 1898,
'Ent. Med, vol. 17, p. 258, 1930.
480 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
13. MONODONTOMERUS JAPONICUS Ashmead
Monodontomerus japonicus ASHMEAD, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 13, p. 83,
1904.
Very similar to dentipes and agreeing with the foregoing description
of that species except in the following particulars:
Female.—Length 3 to 3.5 mm.; ovipositor 0.8 mm. Dorsum of
first tergite perfectly smooth and polished; ovipositor a little less than
half as long as abdomen; ocellocular line not longer than diameter of a
lateral ocellus. Scape testaceous, sometimes washed with metallic
toward apex; pronotum bluish green; mesoscutum and frequently
the scutellum purplish; propodeum, pleura, all coxae, and all femora
bluish green, the posterior coxae outwardly often tinted with purplish
and the middle and anterior femora sometimes blackish with only a
faint metallic tinge; tibiae brownish testaceous to very dark brown;
tarsi testaceous; dorsum of first tergite bright bluish green, rest of
abdomen blackish with a slight bluish tinge.
The male differs from the male of dentipes by having the first tergite
smooth, the ocellocular line not longer than the diameter of an ocellus,
the face brassy green, the mesoscutum purplish, and the posterior
tibiae usually somewhat darker.
The type of this species is from Nikko, Japan, collected by Albert
Koebele. Two other specimens in the United States National Mu-
seum collection are labeled cotypes but these were collected by
Koebele in China and were not mentioned by Ashmead in his descrip-
tion. Besides the type material the collection also contains 3 females
and 7 males reared February 4 to March 5, 1937, at Nagawa-Mura,
Nagano-Ken, Japan, by R. W. Burrill from Diprion nipponicum
Rohwer.
The species is recorded by K. lida ® as a parasite of Osmia taurus
Smith.
14. MONODONTOMERUS SUBOBSOLETUS, new species
This species is extremely similar to obsoletus Fabricius. It differs
from the few specimens of obsoletus in the collection, however, by
having the median depression on the propodeum more distinctly tri-
angular, more nearly acute posteriorly, by having the sculpture
laterad of this depression composed of distinct oblique rugae instead
of irregular reticulation resembling shallow punctation, by having the
tooth on the hind femur somewhat more slender, and by having the
propodeum metallic green instead of bluish black and the general
color of the thorax more metallic.
Female.—Length 2.75 to 3.4 mm.; ovipositor 0.85 to 1.2mm. Head
metallic green; eyes and ocelli red; mandibles reddish testaceous;
§ Kansai Ent. Soc. Trans. Japan, No. 3, p. 69, 1932.
THE GENUS MONODONTOMERUS—GAHAN 481
scape and pedicel metailic; flagellum black; mesoscutum and scutellum
blackish with brassy reflections; pronotum, pleura, all coxae, posterior
femora, and propodeum dark green; anterior and median femora
brownish black with a greenish metallic lustre; apices of median and
anterior femora, all tibiae, and all tarsi reddish testaceous; abdomen,
especially on dorsum, black with more or less metallic reflections; ovi-
positor black; wings hyaline with a weak infuscation at stigmal vein.
Head shagreened; temples nearly transverse to longitudinal axis of
body; eyes conspicuously pilose; ocellocular line about equal to diam-
eter of lateral ocellus; malar space a little less than one-third the eye
height; malar furrow distinct and complete; face nearly flat; anterior
margin of clypeus very slightly protruded beyond anterior margin of
head; mandible with three short, subequal teeth. Antennae inserted
distinctly above lower extremities of eyes; scape subcylindrical, not
reaching anterior ocellus; pedicel a little longer than broad; ring joint
about two and one-half times as broad as long; first funicular joint
slightly longer than broad and distinctly thicker than pedicel; follow-
ing joints of funicle subquadrate; club very slightly thicker than
funicle and a little longer than two preceding joints combined.
Thorax a little less strongly sculptured than head, the sculpture of
dorsum consisting of irregular reticulations without obvious pits or
punctures; scutellum about as broad as long, perfectly smooth behind
the transverse groove, the punctate marginal groove distinctly inter-
rupted medially; postscutellum not or only slightly overlapped by
apex of scutellum, smooth and shining and with a strong median
carina; median depression on propodeum rather deep, distinctly tri-
angular, subacute posteriorly; median carina distinctly divided or
forked at base; surface of propodeum laterad of median depression
with distinct obliquely transverse rugulae which form narrow elongated
areae. Posterior femur moderately broad with tooth on ventral margin
rather long, very little broader at base than near apex, and located at
approximately the apical one-fourth of femur. Anterior wing extend-
ing beyond appex of abdomen; submarginal, marginal, postmarginal,
and stigmal veins in approximately the proportions of 29, 15, 9, and 5,
respectively.
Abdomen about as long as thorax, very slightly compressed, reticu-
lately shagreened on the sides; first and second tergites perfectly smooth
dersally ; third and fourth on apical halves and most of fifth also smooth
dorsally, the third and fourth weakly reticulated basally; sixth weakly
sculptured and with five or six erect hairs dorsad of spiracle. First
tergite constituting a little more than one-thud length of abdomen;
second very short; third and fourth subequal and together a little
longer than first; fifth a little over half length of fourth; sixth very
short, with the spiracles usually concealed. Posterior margin of none
482 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
of the tergites emarginate medially. Ovipositor approximately two-
thirds as long as abdomen.
Male.—Length 3.1 mm. First tergite comprising more than one-
third length of abdomen; second dorsally completely concealed beneath
the first; third and fourth subequal and together about equal to first;
fifth and sixth subequal and each more than half as long as fourth;
seventh short. Otherwise agreeing with the female except that the
anterior and median femora are brownish testaceous above, metallic
blackish beneath.
Type locality —Newark, Del.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 54268.
The holotype female and three paratype females were reared from
Malacosoma americana (Fabricius) at Newark, Del., June 6, 1933, by
Donald MacCreary. Four males including the allotype and ten
females were sent to me by O. P. Breland with the information that
they had been reared by him from cocoons of Samia cecropia (Lin-
naeus) collected in Brooklyn, N. Y., by J. H. Cohen in February 1937
and March 1938. Mr. Breland stated that in each instance the
Monodontomerus had parasitized Spiloeryptus extrematis (Cresson)
within the cecropia cocoons. Two females and one male were reared
from Grapholitha molesta (Busck) material in 1935 at the Oriental
Fruit Moth Laboratory, Moorestown, N. J., under Lab. No. 2335.
15. MONODONTOMERUS OBSOLETUS (Fabricius)
Ichneumon obsoletus Fasricitus, Supplementum entomologiae systematicae, p. 230,
1798.
Monodontomerus obsoletus (Fabricius) Sprnoua, in Gay’s Historia fisica y politica
de Chile . . ., vol. 6, p. 465, 1851.
As interpreted by Mayr and other European authors this species is
said to have the median depression on the propodeum broad and not
acute posteriorly, the scutellum polished at apex with the marginal
groove interrupted medially, the funicle joints somewhat shorter than
long, the scape metallic, the tibia brown, and the fore wing with a
distinct stigmal cloud.
Four European specimens without definite locality labels are in the
collection identified as this species. One of these was named by
Ruschka and the other three by Ashmead. All agree with the above
characters as well as others given by Mayr.
This species is not known to occur in America. In Europe it is said
to be widely distributed and to parasitize several species of Lepidoptera
and Tenthredinoidea and also to have been reared as a secondary
parasite through species of Ichneumonidae and Tachinidae.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1941
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 90 Washington : 1941 No. 3117
NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF NORTH CAROLINA
By ALEexANDER WETMORE
Durine 1939 field investigations in North Carolina brought an
interesting collection of birds to the United States National Museum,
in continuation of a program to obtain needed material of this kind
from States bordering on the Appalachian mountain system. The
field work was under the direction of W. M. Perrygo, of the Museum
staff, assisted by Gregor Rohwer during the spring and by Charles
L. Wheeler in the fall. The party left Washington on April 11 and
returned on July 22, and departed again on September 14 to con-
tinue work through the fall until November 27.
The present report presents briefly the results of a study of the
specimens of birds obtained, with some additional observations on
species that were not collected. It includes also a few records of
other specimens in the National Museum, part of these having been
obtained by the writer during recent years on occasional visits to
North Carolina. The data are presented for the information of
those interested in assembling records on the distribution of birds
within this State and are intended to cover only the material men-
tioned above, without attempt to include additional records from
literature except as these are pertinent to some discussion here
presented.
Identification of the collection has been interesting because of the
area of intergradation found for a number of species that are sepa-
406809—41——1 483
484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
rated into northern and southern subspecies. The western element
that appears in a few cases in western Tennessee here is entirely
lacking. But an additional factor is found in North Carolina in the
ecological influence of the coastal marshes where peculiar forms
appear. The extreme southeastern part of North Carolina is espe-
cially interesting, and it is suggested to observers that further studies
be made on Smith Island, which is related definitely to a more
southern region in its flora. As is ordinarily the case the informa-
{ion here assembled is indicative for many species of the necessity for
further field work to determine the extent of their distribution.
The friendly cooperation of J. D. Chalk, Commissioner of Game
and Inland Fisheries of the Department of Conservation and Devel-
opment, and of J. D. Findlay, of the same service, provided the
necessary permits under which this work was prosecuted. We are
also indebted to officials of the national forests lying within the State
for their aid. The universally friendly assistance accorded our field
party, particularly in the privilege of entering private lands, has been
most deeply appreciated. Without this courteous and interested help
the work could not have been prosecuted.
The expenses of the party in the field were carried by the income
of the W. L. Abbott Fund of the Smithsonian Institution.
So far as possible the itinerary was arranged to cover the different
sections of the State during both spring and fall, so as to obtain
representative material in both seasons. Necessarily the work in the
western mountains was done in the summer, as that is the most inter-
esting period for that region. In view of the extended observations
of naturalists for many years in the general vicinity of Asheville our
work in the mountains during 1939 was confined to the northern and
southern sections, which have been investigated little or not at all.
Work in the field began on April 14, 1939, with Elizabeth City
as a base. The principal studies were made in the Dismal Swamp
area 7 miles west of South Mills, an old logging railroad and other
trails giving access to the swamp. Other work concerned a cypress
swamp near Gliden and higher lands of pines and old fields in the
vicinity of Sunbury and Weeksville. On April 28 the party trans-
ferred to Clinton in Sampson County. The spring migration then
had begun in full force, and here many birds were found, particularly
in Great Cohaire Swamp and in the vicinity of Roseboro, near
Bearskin Swamp and Little Cohaire Swamp. On May 8 Perrygo
worked near Raleigh to secure certain birds wanted from that area.
On May 9 the work was transferred to Brunswick County in the
extreme southeast, where the men were located at Southport. Here
on the Coastal Plain the land was level, with extensive growths of
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—-WETMORE 485
pine, and there were swampy lands grown with deciduous trees
along the streams. Pretty Pond, 10 miles north of Southport, was
typical of the woodland ponds of this area, being shallow and having
a white sand bottom. Bordering the coast and the mouth of the Cape
Fear River are broad reaches of salt marsh. Through the courtesy
of the United States Coast Guard, work was prosecuted on Smith
Island on May 13 and from May 20 to 22, with results of much
interest. The island, as already stated, will repay more careful
investigation. On May 24 the party transferred to Rockingham in
Richmond County, a cotton- and corn-growing area drained by the
Pee Dee River and its tributary streams. There were areas here,
particularly in the wooded swamps, of definitely more southern
affinity. Considerable collecting was done near the Pee Dee River
11 miles east of Wadesboro. Gregor Rohwer concluded his work
with the party here on June 3.
On June 5 Perrygo located at Murphy in Cherokee County for
studies in the low mountains of this section. He reached Pack
Mountain through Pack Mountain Gap but found that cover on
most of the slopes had been burned. Other collections were made
from 6 to 8 miles southwest at elevations of 1,450 to 1,750 feet in
abandoned fields, areas of small woodland, and stands of heavy pine.
On June 17 he moved to Franklin, where permission was obtained
through the forest ranger and the game warden to collect in certain
regions in the Nantahala National Forest. Birds were taken here on
Rocky Ridge and Rocky Bald at elevations ranging from 4,500 to
5,200 feet, mainly in deciduous forest. Other collections were made
along a stream where there was a small glade at 3,500 feet, 12 miles
east of Hayesville. On July 1 birds were secured in hardwood forest
at 4,100 feet on Standing Indian Mountain 15 miles east of Hayes-
ville, and on July 3 Shortoff Mountain was examined. Birds were
obtained on July 5 and 6 near Highlands.
The final work of the summer centered at Boone, Watauga County,
and extended from July 9 to 20, hampered somewhat by heavy rains.
Elk Knob, 7 miles north, offered good collecting at altitudes ranging
from 4,800 to 5,500 feet, partly in forest and partly in old farm-
lands. No spruce was found. Three Tops Mountain near Creston
and Patty and Bluff Mountains near West Jefferson were visited
also, in addition to work in the valleys near West Jefferson. Bluff
Mountain had a small stand of hemlocks in which a winter wren
was taken. Ravens were said to nest here formerly. Snake Moun-
tain, 7 miles north of Boone, was visited on July 18 and 19. Perrygo
returned to Washington on July 22.
For work in the autumn Perrygo left the Museum on September
14 with Charles L. Wheeler as field assistant, and on September 16
486 ,PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
located a base in Madison, N. C. Work here until September 27 cen-
tered on the headwaters of the Dan and Haw Rivers; the valley of
Hogan Creek, 7 miles northeast of Reidsville, where tracts of heavy
timber still remain, was one of the best localities found. A trap line
was run on Rockhouse Creek 8 miles northwest, and collections were
made on Troublesome Creek 7 miles south. On September 28 the
party located in Newton, Catawba County, and from here investi-
gated the wooded bottomlands along the Catawba River, north of
Catawba in Catawba County, and west of Statesville in Iredell
County, the river being the boundary between these counties. On
October 6 the men worked near Longisland, Catawba County.
On October 12 they located at Lakeview Camp west of Engelhard
on the south shore of Lake Mattamuskeet. Here were found extensive
brackish marshes and great areas of open pine timber with under-
growth of cane and bayberry tangled with smilax. Much of the low
woodlands was wet from frequent rains. In eastern Dare County,
near Stumpy Point, there are broad areas of savannas with springy
turf almost like a heath, over which were scattered small magnolias
and abundant dried stalks of sarracenia. In the drainage ditches along
the road it was interesting to see stumps and logs of an ancient cypress
swamp extending for a long distance, covered by a foot or two of
sandy topsoil. Toward Manns Harbor there were heavy stands of
gums and magnolia and large growths of pine. J. E. Graf and the
writer joined the party here from October 13 to 15. On October 26
Perrygo collected in marshes along the Pungo River near Leechville
and on October 28 near Fairfield. Through the courtesy of the Bureau
of Biological Survey (now the Fish and Wildlife Service), Depart-
ment of the Interior, a trap line for mice and shrews was run in the
refuge area near the lake.
On October 29 the men located at Bethel and they remained there
until November 18. Along Conetoe Creek, 3 miles west, there were
fine stands of deciduous forest, while to the northwest of Greenville
were great stands of pine. Birds were especially common here, includ-
ing white-eyed towhees near Greenville. A few specimens were taken
near Tarboro and Hassell. The last base for the season was established
at Beaufort on November 14. Work here centered in the coastal area
near Beaufort, Davis, Mansfield, Williston, North Harlowe, and
Atlantic. On November 22 and 24 the men visited Bogue Island oppo-
site Morehead City, on November 23 they crossed Core Sound from
Marshallberg to the island facing the Atlantic Ocean, and on November
25 crossed again from the town of Atlantic farther north. The party
returned to the Museum in Washington on November 27.
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—-WETMORE 487
Family ARDEIDAE
LEUCOPHOYX THULA THULA (Molina): Snowy Egret
An adult female was taken on Smith Island on May 13.
Sharpe was correct, as indicated by Peters,? in placing this heron
in a distinct genus Leucophoyz, as it differs from Hgretia garzetia,
the type of the genus Hgretta, in its large crest, in the lack of the
elongate plumes on the nape, and in the different form of the feathers
of the breast.
FLORIDA CAERULEA CAERULEA (Linnaeus): Little Blue Heron
An adult male was taken near Southport on May 17. One was seen
on Smith Island on May 13.
While Peters* has not recognized a southern form of this heron,
it is my opinion from examination of a large series that the adult birds
in dark plumage of the Antillean area are definitely darker and duller
than those of the United States. Comparisons must be made with
clean skins, as specimens impregnated with fat become appreciably
darker than normal.t Skins from the north that are discolored may
thus appear as dark as those from the West Indies.
BOTAURUS LENTIGINOSUS (Montagu): American Bittern
Specimens were taken at South Mills on April 17 and 21 and 6 miles
northeast of Beaufort on November 14. One was recorded in the
locality last mentioned November 17.
Family ACCIPITRIDAE
ACCIPITER STRIATUS VELOX (Wilson): Sharp-ehinned Hawk
A young female not quite grown and only recently from the nest
was taken July 11 at 3,500 feet on Elk Knob near Meatcamp Creek,
5 miles north of Boone. This bird undoubtedly was hatched nearby,
as it is too young to have flown far. Adult males were taken 4 miles
south of Manns Harbor on October 25 and near Bethel on November 1.
Birds were seen near Statesville on October 9 and Greenville on
November 11.
BUTEO JAMAICENSIS JAMAICENSIS (Gmelin): Eastern Red-tailed Hawk
No specimens were taken but this bird has been so reduced in number
that the following sight records are of interest: Southport, May 15
and 20; Suit, Cherokee County, June 7; about 8 miles southwest of
Murphy, June 12; Wayah Bald, Franklin County, June 19 and 27;
1 Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 3, 1894, p. 39.
2Check-list of birds of the world, vol. 1, 1931, p. 113.
8 Check-list of birds of the world, vol. 1, 1931, p. 107.
4 See Wetmore, A., Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, New York Acad.
Sci., vol. 9, 1927, p. 294.
488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Rocky Bald and Rocky Ridge 12 and 13 miles west of Franklin,
June 20 and 21; Standing Indian Mountain near Hayesville, July 1.
Near Engelhard single birds were seen on October 17, 20, and 23.
While shooting, trapping, and the spread of human occupation have
been of major importance in the reduction in number of this and other
species of hawks, the food factor may also have had far-reaching
significance. The red-tail is predominantly a rodent eater, taking
rabbits and other small mammals on occasion. In our operations in
North Carolina it has developed that there is an astonishing dearth of
small mammals through the entire Piedmont area and in the mountains
except in limited sections, while in the Coastal Plain small mammals
are common only in swampy regions. Our collectors placed lines of
traps numbering from 50 to 125 in all areas visited in the State and
kept them in constant operation, often with days passing without
the capture of a single mouse or shrew. Where the ubiquitous white-
footed mice may not be trapped it is obvious that small mammals must
be extremely rare. Hawks in consequence here can find little food.
Spring and fall burning most probably affects the mammal population
seriously, but other factors may operate as well. A part of the present
day scarcity of the red-tail and related hawks may be attributed to
this factor of food scarcity.
BUTEO LINEATUS LINEATUS (Gmelin): Northern Red-shouldered Hawk
This common bird is represented by two specimens, a male (wing
319 mm.) taken near Roseboro May 5, and an adult female (wing
341 mm.) shot on Hogan Creek, 7 miles northeast of Reidsville, on
September 19. Both specimens agree in color and size with northern
specimens.
BUTEO PLATYPTERUS PLATYPTERUS (Vieillot): Broad-winged Hawk
This species was observed near Rockingham on May 30; Murphy,
June 16; Hayesville, July 3; and Highlands, July 6.
Family FALCONIDAE
FALCO PEREGRINUS ANATUM Bonaparte: Duck Hawk
One was recorded 5 miles north of Engelhard on October 20.
FALCO COLUMBARIUS COLUMBARIUS Linnaeus: Eastern Pigeon Hawk
Recorded at Leakville, October 12, and Engelhard, October 20.
FALCO SPARVERIUS SPARVERIUS Linnaeus: Eastern Sparrow Hawk
A male sparrow hawk was taken on Bogue Island near Morehead
City on November 22. Among other records may be mentioned birds
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—WETMORE 489
seen near Brunswick on May 12, and on Pack Mountain, Cherokee
County, on June 6 and 7, when they must have been on their breeding
grounds.
Family TETRAONIDAE
BONASA UMBELLUS TOGATA (Linnaeus): Canada Ruffed Grouse
The grouse seems now rare and restricted in range in North
Carolina, as it was seen only at 4,500 to 5,000 feet on Rocky Ridge
13 miles west of Franklin on June 21 and 23 and on Wayah Bald
on June 22. .
Todd recently has separated the grouse from West Virginia south-
ward as a distinct race,® but after comparison of considerable mate-
rial [ fail to find certain characters that will serve to separate birds
from this area from togata. The color of the tail is definitely
variable from rufous to gray both in the mountain birds and in
togata from northern areas, and with the well-known gray and
rufescent color phases in these grouse I see little possibility of color
separation on the basis of supposed more brownish color in the
southern birds. There is no question that the birds of the southern
mountains are different from typical wmbellus, but it appears to me
that they cannot be distinguished successfully from togata.
Family PERDICIDAE
COLINUS VIRGINIANUS VIRGINIANUS (Linnaeus): Eastern Bobwhite
Quail were recorded at Sunbury on April 19, in the Dismal Swamp
area 7 miles west of South Mills on April 20, at 3,400 feet on Pack
Mountain, Cherokee County, on June 7, about 8 miles southwest of
Murphy on June 10, at 4,000 feet near West Jefferson on July 14,
and near Engelhard on October 19 and 20.
Family MELEAGRIDIDAE
MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO SILVESTRIS Vieillot: Eastern Turkey
Records obtained for the turkey all pertain to the wilder sections
of Macon County. On Wayah Bald, 12 miles west of Franklin, an
adult and a dozen young the size of bantam chickens were seen on
June 20, and an adult was recorded on June 22. At 4,500 to 5,100
feet on Rocky Ridge, 13 miles west of Franklin, Perrygo saw a
gobbler and a hen with young three or four days old on June 21,
a gobbler on June 23, and an adult with young on June 26. On the
last date he collected a young bird in the down with the wing quills
developing and a few contour feathers appearing in the back.
5 Bonasa umbellus monticola Todd, Auk, 1940, p. 892 (Cheat Bridge, W. Va.).
490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Family RALLIDAE
RALLUS LONGIROSTRIS WAYNEI Brewster: Wayne’s Clapper Rail
Two adult females were taken near Southport on May 17 and 18.
It is currently recognized that the coast of North Carolina marks
the transition point between the northern clapper rail (Rallus 1.
crepitans) and the bird of the southeastern coast (waynez). Ober-
holser * records specimens from as far south as Beaufort as crepitans,
remarking that they are intermediate. The two from Southport
mark the entrance into the State of the more southern race, as they
are definitely darker than northern specimens.
RALLUS LIMICOLA LIMICOLA Vieillot: Virginia Rail
In fall migration this rail was seen 4 miles west of Manns Harbor
on October 25, near Stumpy Point on October 26 (female taken) and
27, and near Leechville, in Hyde County, on October 26.
Family CHARADRIIDAE
CHARADRIUS WILSONIA WILSONIA Ord: Wilson’s Plover
On Smith Island, where these birds were common, two males were
taken on May 13.
While this species has been recognized as a distinct genus cur-
rently, I agree with Peters’ that it is best considered as a member
of Charadrius. The main character on which it has been separated
is the larger, heavier bill, which is not sufficient for generic distinc-
tion, particularly since other related species show approach in this
regard.
Family SCOLOPACIDAE
PHAEOPUS HUDSONICUS (Latham): Hudsonian Curlew
On May 10 Perrygo recorded seven near Southport and collected
a male.
Peters *® has listed the Hudsonian curlew as a geographic race of
Phaeopus phaeopus of the Old World, but on examination I feel
that it is better to consider it a distinct species. There is no ques-
tion that it is representative of the Palearctic whimbrels, but it
stands sufficiently apart from P. p. phaeopus and P. p. variegatus in
definitely darker coloration with no white on the rump and in the
heavier marks on the sides and flanks. While the birds from the
* Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 84, 1937, pp. 352-354.
7 Check-list of birds of the world, vol. 2, 1934, p. 254.
® Check-list of birds of the world, vol. 2, 1934, p. 261. For recognition of Phaeopus asa
genus see Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodél., vol. 63, 1919, pp. 178-179.
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—WETMORE 491
two regions approach each other closely, I can find no actual bridg-
ing of the gap that exists between them.
ACTITIS MACULARIA (Linnaeus): Spotted Sandpiper
A male was taken near Weeksville on April 27.
TRINGA SOLITARIA SOLITARIA Wilson: Eastern Solitary Sandpiper
A male was collected at Pretty Pond, 10 miles north of Southport,
on May 12. The wing measures 128 mm.
CATOPTROPHORUS SEMIPALMATUS SEMIPALMATUS (Gmelin): Eastern Willet
Two were secured near Southport on May 11.
EREUNETES PUSILLUS (Linnaeus): Semipalmated Sandpiper
Two males and one female were obtained on Smith Island on
May 138.
CROCETHIA ALBA (Pallas): Sanderling
A male was taken on November 25 6 miles northeast of Atlantic,
where the birds were abundant.
Family LARIDAE
LARUS MARINUS Linnaeus: Black-backed Gull
One was seen 3 miles southeast of Marshallberg on November 23.
LARUS ATRICILLA Linnaeus: Laughing Gull
A male was taken near Marshallberg on November 23.
Family COLUMBIDAE
ZENAIDURA MACROURA CAROLINENSIS (Linnaeus): Eastern Mourning Dove
Six skins were obtained at the following localities: Near Rocking-
ham, June 1; Southport, May 11; Smith Island, May 22; and near
Engelhard, October 16 and 17.
Family CUCULIDAE
COCCYZUS AMERICANUS AMERICANUS (Linnaeus): Yellow-billed Cackoo
Taken at Clinton on May 8, Southport on May 11, and 8 miles
southwest of Murphy on June 12. Birds were seen at 4,800 feet on
Elk Knob near Boone on July 11 and 12. In fall this cuckoo was
collected at Reidsville, September 18, and near Catawba, September
28 and 30 and October 4.
406809—41——2
492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
COCCYZUS ERYTHROPTHALMUS (Wilson): Black-billed Cuckoo
In migration this cuckoo was taken on Smith Island on May 13
and 6 miles north of Southport on May 16. A male was shot at
4,850 feet elevation on Three Tops Mountain 2 miles southeast of
Creston on July 13, and a female at 5,100 feet on Eik Knob, 7 miles
north of Boone, Watauga County, on July 17. The latter were on
their nesting grounds.
Family STRIGIDAE
OTUS ASIO ASIO (Linnaeus): Southern Screech Owl
A male taken 6 miles north of Southport, May 15, is typical of
the southern form. It measures as follows: Wing 146.5, tail 70.5,
culmen from cere 14.2, tarsus 29.3 mm. On December 381, 1933, I
found a female dead in the road near the bridge north of Kitty
Hawk. This bird has a wing measurement of 162.0 mm., and while
a little large it is assigned under the present subspecies as an inter-
mediate, though Leon Kelso has considered it representative of
O. a. naevius. It is to be expected that the latter race ranges through
the highland area of North Carolina, but the actual extent that it may
cover will need to be established by specimens.
STRIX VARIA GEORGICA Latham: Florida Barred Owl
Two specimens available include one that I obtained near Bath
on January 16, 1930, and one forwarded from Bethel by Velva
Howard on January 22, 1940. Both of these have the bare area on
the toes extensive as is characteristic of this southern race. The
distribution of this and the northern form in North Carolina remains
to be ascertained. It is possible that the southern race extends
throughout the Coastal Plain.
Family CAPRIMULGIDAE
CAPRIMULGUS CAROLINENSIS Gmelin: Chuck-will’s-widow
A male was secured at Southport on May 19 and a female on Smith
Island on May 22.
Goatsuckers as a group exhibit a remarkable similarity in color
and form, and from external characters it must be conceded that
there is reason for including the whippoorwills and chuck-will’s-
widows and their near relatives of the New World in the genus
Caprimulgus. Ridgway’s endeavors to segregate a number of genera
have not proved acceptable, as the characters he found are not certain.
I believe, however, that the broad genus Caprimulgus as at present
constituted will be divided eventually on the basis of osteological
characters. At present skeletons of only a few species are available,
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—WETMORE 493
but these indicate among other points that the skull of the chuck-
will’s-widow differs from any others seen in the considerable back-
ward extension of the transpalatine processes. Dr. H. C. Ober-
holser, in his consideration of some of these matters,’ through an
error in identification has figured a skull of Nyctidromus as that of
the chuck-will’s-widow.
Family TROCHILIDAE
ARCHILOCHUS COLUBRIS (Linnaeus): Ruby-throated Hummingbird
Two taken, both males, come from South Mills, April 19, and 9
miles southwest of Murphy, June 14.
Family PICIDAE
COLAPTES AURATUS AURATUS (Linnaeus): Southern Flicker
This race is represented by four specimens, as follows: Gliden,
April 26, female (wing 148.6 mm.) ; Clinton, May 4, female (wing
142.5 mm.) ; Southport, May 18, male (wing 145.6 mm.) ; and finally
a male collected near Bethel, November 1 (wing 147.4 mm.). These
bear out the current supposition that auratus is the breeding form
of the eastern part of North Carolina. It will be noted from the
bird from Gliden, Chowan County, that this race ranges north into
the extreme northeastern section of the State.
COLAPTES AURATUS LUTEUS Bangs: Northern Flicker
The flicker population breeding in the extreme western area of
North Carolina is to be referred to the northern form, though there
is indication of some mixture of southern blood in the extreme south-
west. A male taken on June 12 at 1,450 feet elevation 8 miles south-
west of Murphy has the wing 151 mm., being thus on the actual
borderline between the two geographic races under consideration. I
have called it luteus. A female shot on June 7 at 3,100 feet on
Pack Mountain 14 miles southwest of Murphy measures 153.5 mm.,
being thus a little larger. Two from Clay County show the same
mixture, as a female taken June 29 at 3,700 feet 12 miles east of
Hayesville measures 158 mm., while a male from 3,500 feet secured on
June 27 is only 149.5 mm. In this latter bird, however, the wing
is considerably worn, with the tips of the primaries much broken,
so that it is considered Juteus. An immature male not quite grown
was taken here on June 28. Four from 4,800 feet elevation on Elk
Knob, 7 miles north of Boone, are duteus, the wing in two males
being 151.9 and 154.7 mm. and in two females 152.5 mm.
®U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 80, 1914, p. 6, pl. 2, fig. 1.
494. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Yon. 90
In fall and spring the northern flicker is widespread throughout
the State, records of specimens being as follows: South Mills, April
19 and 20; Catawba, October 5; Statesville, October 7 and 19; Reids-
ville, September 18 and 19; Bethel, October 30 and November 1 and
2; Manns Harbor, October 25; Englehard, October 20; and Williston,
November 21.
The eastern extension of the breeding range of Juteus in the north-
ern section of North Carolina remains to be ascertained.
CEOPHLOEUS PILEATUS PILEATUS (Linnaeus): Southern Pileated Woodpecker
Five specimens typical of this form were taken, two at South Mills,
April 15 and 17, and three near Engelhard, October 13 and 14.
Three males have the wing 217, 219, and 227 mm. and the culmen
from base 42.2, 48.8, and 49.7 mm. In two females the wing is 218
mm. and the culmen from base 41.3 and 44.1 mm. It is probable
that C. p. pileatus may be the form found throughout the State,
since specimens from the mountain area in extreme eastern Tennessee
all pertain to the southern race.
Birds were seen near Rockingham on May 30, near Statesville on
October 4 and 9, near Bethel on November 1 and 2, and at Williston
on November 16.
CENTURUS CAROLINUS (Linnaeus): Red-bellied Woodpecker
Outside of the higher mountain area this species seems to be of
state-wide distribution. Specimens were taken as follows: Statesville,
October 6; Reidsville, September 18 (in immature plumage) ; Wades-
boro, May 27; Rockingham, May 31; Roseboro, May 4; Clinton,
May 3; Southport, May 16; Bethel, November 1 and 2; and South
Mills, April 15 and 24. The distribution through the mountains of
the western part of North Carolina remains to be ascertained.
MELANERPES ERYTHROCEPHALUS ERYTHROCEPHALUS (Linnaeus): Eastern
Red-headed Woodpecker
Specimens were obtained at South Mills on April 17 and South-
port on May 16.
Measurements are as follows: Two males, wing 132.5-135.9, tail
71.6-77.4, culmen from base 28.3-31.0, tarsus 22.3-22.5 mm.; one
female, wing 128.2, tail 75.0, culmen from base 27.1, tarsus 20.1 mm.
A female from Southport shot on May 16 still retains part of the
juvenal plumage of the previous year on the head and dorsum.
From the indication of wear on the wings and tail it is obviously a
bird of the previous season.
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—WETMORE 495
SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS VARIUS (Linnaeus): Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
Birds on their breeding grounds were obtained at 5,100 feet eleva-
tion on Rocky Bald, 12 miles west of Franklin, on June 20 (two
females) and at 4,500 feet on Rocky Ridge, 13 miles west of Franklin,
on June 21 (one female). A male was collected July 1 at 4,100 feet
on Standing Indian Mountain, 15 miles east of Hayesville. Else-
where I have explained my reasons for not recognizing a southern
race of this sapsucker.?°
In fall migration this bird was found on the Catawba River 7
miles west of Statesville, September 30. Specimens were taken here
on October 5 and 7. Others were obtained at Bethel, October 30,
and near Greenville, November 8.
DRYOBATES VILLOSUS VILLOSUS (Linnaeus): Eastern Hairy Woodpecker
A small series of hairy woodpeckers is of some assistance in de-
limiting the ranges of the two races in the State, though the detailed
distribution remains to be established. Perrygo recorded this bird
in June on Pack Mountain, Cherokee County, and on Rocky Bald and
Rocky Ridge, Macon County, but did not secure specimens, so that
doubt attaches to the identity of the birds from this area. This is
true in particular of the record from Pack Mountain, since skins
from Big Frog Mountain in Polk County, Tenn., a short distance
to the west are recorded as D. v. auduboni. A female from 3,200
feet elevation 3 miles west of West Jefferson in Ashe County, N. C.,
has the tips of the primaries badly broken from wear, so that though
in existing condition the wing measures only 113.9 mm. it is obvious
that the true dimension was appreciably greater. This bird therefore
is considered to be villosus, particularly since an immature male, fully
grown, from 4,300 feet on Bluff Mountain, a mile or more farther
west, has the wing 120 mm. and is obviously the larger bird. Two
males from the Catawba River 7 and 10 miles southwest of States-
ville, shot on October 7 and 9, are on the borderline, but with wing
measurements of 118.2 and 118.9 mm. they seem properly allocated
with villosus. A female from Hogan Creek 7 miles northeast of
Reidsville also belongs here, as the wing is not fully grown after molt
but still measures 115.6 mm.
DRYOBATES VILLOSUS AUDUBONI (Swainson): Southern Hairy Woodpecker
An immature female from 7 miles southeast of Rockingham with
the wing fully grown measures 114.3 mm., seeming to be auduboni,
but the identity of birds from this section should be checked definitely
with adult specimens. Other specimens at hand to the eastward are
all clearly the southern subspecies, which in the eastern lowlands
1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 86, 1939, pp. 193-195.
496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 90
ranges north throughout the State. A male taken in the Dismal
Swamp area near Sunbury, Gates County, on April 21 has the wing
115.8 mm., being obviously small. From near Engelhard a male
taken on October 13 measures 113.5 mm., and three females secured
on October 13 and 14 register 110.5, 111.7, and 112.0 mm., respectively.
In a pair from 6 miles west of Clinton, Sampson County, the male
has the wing 115.3 and the female 110.4 mm. A female from Willis-
ton, Carteret County, measures 111.6 mm.
DRYOBATES PUBESCENS MEDIANUS (Swainson): Northern Downy Woodpecker
On examination of a very good series of birds this form of the
downy woodpecker is found to have a much more extensive range in
North Carolina than had been supposed. Birds from the mountain
area in the west belong here without question. A male taken about
June 1890 at Waynesville by P. L. Jouy has the wing 93.7 mm., ex-
ceptionally large for this far south. A male from an elevation of
1,450 feet 8 miles southwest of Murphy, June 9, measures 92.0 mm.,
and a fully grown immature female from nearby, shot on June 14,
records 91.5 mm. Another fully grown immature bird, a male, from
5,000 feet elevation on Rocky Ridge, 18 miles west of Franklin, has
the wing 92.2 mm. A pair from 4,800 feet on Elk Knob, 7 miles
north of Boone, measure 93.5 in the male and 91.4 in the female.
Skins from the Catawba River west of Statesville, October 3, 4, and
7, a male with the wing 92.5 and two females, wing 91.6 and 90.5,
are also to be placed here. The second of these females verges toward
the southern bird, which must range lower down in the valley of
this stream. Skins from Hogan Creek 7 miles northeast of Reidsville
belong here without question, males taken September 18 and 19,
measuring 92.3 and 92.8, and a female, September 18, measuring 91.9
mm. A male from Madison taken on September 21 in the same
region measures 92.5mm. A male that I shot 4 miles west of Winton
on December 2, 1934, with the wing 91.4 mm., may indicate that
medianus goes clear across the northern part of North Carolina to
the uplands above the Dismal Swamp area, though this specimen
may possibly be a migrant.
There are two others that are assumed to be migrants, as they
come from within the range ascribed to pubescens but have the size
and purer white color of medzanus, viz, a female (wing 92.8 mm.)
from the Dismal Swamp area 7 miles west of South Mills taken on
April 14, and a male (wing 91.9 mm.) from North Harlowe, Craven
County, secured November 20.
DRYOBATES PUBESCENS PUBESCENS (Linnaeus): Southern Downy Woodpecker
The specimens at hand indicate a distribution for this form ex-
tending eastward from the valley of the Pee Dee River near the
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—-WETMORE 497
South Carolina state line through Wilson to the northeastern part
of the State. Thus, as a breeding bird, it covers the entire Coastal
Plain and the eastern section of the Piedmont.
In the following account wing measurements are given in paren-
theses for each record. A male (wing 87.2 mm.) was taken 11 miles
east of Wadesboro, May 29, and a female (88.8 mm.) 7 miles south-
east of Rockingham, May 31. A female (89.9 mm.) comes from 3
miles west of Roseboro, May 6. A male (90.6 mm.) was taken 3 miles
west of Clinton May 1, and another male (88.9) 6 miles west in the
Great Cohaire Swamp, May 6. The first is a little large, showing
an approach toward medianus. ‘There is also before me a female
(89.8 mm.) from Wilson secured on November 24, 1923. A male
(90.2 mm.) from 6 miles northwest of Greenville, November 8, is a
little large. A male (88.9 mm.) and a female (89.8 mm.) were shot
7 miles west of Bethel on October 30, and a female (89.6 mm.) 3 miles
west, November 1. A male (88.0 mm.), shot April 17, and a female
(88.8 mm), taken April 21, come from the Dismal Swamp area 7
miles west of South Mills. It will be recalled that one larger bird,
possibly a migrant, from here is listed as medianus. Near Engel-
hard a male (86.5 mm.) and two females (90.6 and 87.9 mm.) were
taken on October 13 and 16. One of the females shows approach in
size to medianus. Near Bath on January 16, 1929, I collected a male
(85.1 mm.) and a female (86.5 mm.) at the mouth of Mixon Creek,
and on January 13, 1930, a male (87.3 mm.) at the mouth of Duck
Creek. Perrygo secured two females (both with the wing 87.2 mm.)
near Williston on November 17 and 21, and a female (86.5 mm.) 6
miles north of Southport on May 15.
It may be expected that migrants of medianus will invade this area
outside the breeding season.
DRYOBATES BOREALIS BOREALIS (Vieillot): Northern Red-Cockaded Weodpecker
In the eastern section of North Carolina this woodpecker is locally
common, though it is absent from many localities. It is a quiet
bird that may be overlooked by one not familiar with it.
There is one old specimen at hand without date marked as taken
by Rev. M. A. Curtis at Raleigh. Perrygo secured two 7 miles
southeast of Rockingham, May 30 and June 1, and three 6 and 7
miles northeast of Greenville, November 7 and 8. On January 19,
1930, I collected a pair at the mouth of Duck Creek on the Pamlico
River near Bath. On October 13, Perrygo shot two near Engelhard,
a locality where the birds were fairly common, and secured three at
North Harlowe on November 20. There is an old specimen in the
National Museum taken by Elliott Coues at Fort Macon on November
1, 1870. Specimens were secured by Perrygo near Southport on
May 15 and 16.
498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM YOL. 90
In working over this species two years ago it became apparent to
me that birds from central and southern Florida have shorter wings
than those from elsewhere in the range, but it seemed desirable to
check this with additional material from North Carolina and South
Carolina, which is now at hand. The two races will stand as follows:
Dryobates borealis borealis (Vieillot):
Picus borealis VirmLot, Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l’Amérique septen-
trionale, vol. 2, 1807, pl. 66, pl. 122 (“dans le nord des Etats-Unis”; type
locality hereby designated as Mount Pleasant, S. C.).
Wing longer.
Measurements.—Thirty-one males, wing 116.1-123.7 (119.2"), tail
68.2-80.5 (74.7), culmen from base 20.7-22.9 (21.7), tarsus 18.9-22
(19.8") mm.
Thirty-two females, wing 116.0-123.3 (118.9), tail 69.2-81.3
(76.27), culmen from base 19.7-22.6 (21.01%), tarsus 18.4-22
(20.6 7) mm.
The locality indicated by Vieillot for this bird is obviously un-
certain, but so far as I have ascertained it has never been corrected.
The type locality therefore is designated as Mount Pleasant, opposite
Charleston, S. C.
Three names other than borealis applied to this woodpecker refer
to the northern form. Picus querulus Wilson *‘ is described as from
North Carolina, South Carolina, or Georgia, these States being within
the range of typical borealis. Picus vieilloti Wagler?®* is merely a
new name for the adult male of Vieillot’s Picus borealis. Picus leucotis
Lichtenstein * is a new name for Picus querulus Wilson.
The typical form ranges from northern Florida (Overstreet, Milton,
Farmdale, Apalachicola, and Welaka) to Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas,
Tennessee, and North Carolina. Specimens reported from Kentucky
and Virginia are presumed to belong here on geographical grounds.
As the bird from the peninsula of Florida is without a name it may
be known as
Dryobates borealis hylonomus, new subspecies:
Similar to Dryobates borealis borealis (Vieillot) but wing ap-
preciably shorter.
Type-—U.S.N.M. No. 152081, male, from 7 miles southwest of
Kissimmee, Fla., collected March 19, 1896, by Robert Ridgway.
Description—Upper parts black, the crown glossy black, with the
hindneck, back, and wings faded to fuscous; a red spot on each side
11 Thirty specimens.
13 Thirty-one specimens.
48 Thirty specimens.
44 American ornithology, vol. 2, 1810, p. 103, pl. 15, fig. 1.
46 Systema avium, 1827, Picus, sp. 20.
* Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums . . ., 1823, p. 12.
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—-WETMORE 499
of the crown at the back of the head; nasal plumes, a spot on the side
of the mandibular ramus, a spot above the eye, and the side of the head
beginning as a narrow line behind the lores and spreading widely over
the auricular region, white; back and wings barred with strong white
bars, which tend to become spots on the wing coverts; rump plain
black; under surface white; a broad black stripe extending from the
base of the mandible along the side of the neck, diffusing on the sides
of the breast into elongated spots of black, which become smaller on
the sides; feathers of flanks with partly concealed bars of fuscous;
under wing coverts spotted with black; inner webs of primaries and
secondaries with large spots of white; under tail coverts with partly
concealed, pointed spots of fuscous; two outer rectrices white, with
cross bars at the tip and other partial bars across the inner webs of
dull black; third rectrix with about half of the distal part of the outer
web white; two central rectrices black. Bill black; tarsus and toes
deep neutral gray (from dried skin).
Measurements.—Twenty-nine males, wing 110.2-117 (1138.8), tail
65-78.3 (74.417), culmen from base 20.7-24.0 (22.0), tarsus 18.5-21.5
(20.4) mm.
Eighteen females, wing 111.8-116.7 (118.7), tail 71.5-79.7 (75.478),
culmen from base 19.0-23.0 (21.2), tarsus 20.0-21.0 (20.479) mm.
Type, male, wing 112.6, tail 75.0, culmen from base 21.2, tarsus
20.5 mm.
Range.—This form is found in central and southern Florida, speci-
mens having been examined from Enterprise, Gainesville, Clearwater,
Davista, Tarpon Springs, Seven Oaks, Auburndale, Lake Trafford,
Lake Arbuckle, near Fort Bassinger, Driggs Landing, Kissimmee,
Lake Hatch-Ne-Haw, Miami, Long Key, and Florida City.
Remarks.—Through the range indicated I have seen only one speci-
men that falls without the dimensions given. This is a male taken
at Arnolds, Fla., February 27, 1895, with the wing 119.2 mm. This
bird I have considered a straggler of Dryobates b. borealis, a wanderer
trom farther north. I have noted no color differences between the
two forms.
Family TYRANNIDAE
TYRANNUS TYRANNUS TYRANNUS (Linnaeus): Eastern Kingbird
Three specimens were taken at Southport, May 12 and 15, and on
Smith Island, May 22. The bird was recorded near Franklin, June
22, and at Meat Camp, Watauga County, July 12.
1“ Twenty-eight specimens.
348 Sixteen specimens,
1 Seventeen specimens.
406809—41 3
500 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
MYIARCHUS CRINITUS BOREUS Bangs: Northern Crested Flycatcher
Of this common species skins were preserved as follows: Rocking-
ham, June 1; Roseboro, May 2 and 4; Clinton, May 4; South Mills,
April 14 and 17; and Southport, May 12 and 19.
On Smith Island several of these birds were noted, and an adult
male was taken on May 22. This bird shows a very definite approach
to the southern form Myiarchus crinitus crinitus in its slightly larger
bill and somewhat darker dorsal color. This one individual for the
time being I have marked as an intermediate and have placed it with
boreus, as I hesitate to establish a State record on this one skin, es-
pecially in this case where the differences between the two races con-
cerned are not sharply defined. Further breeding specimens from
Smith Island should be obtained to see if they may not properly be
classified as true crinitus.
SAYORNIS PHOEBE (Latham): Eastern Phoebe
Breeding birds of this common species were collected as follows:
8 miles southwest of Murphy, June 8 (adult and fully grown juvenile) ;
3,500 feet elevation, 12 miles east of Hayesville; and 4,800 feet elevation
on Elk Knob, 7 miles north of Boone. In fall it was obtained on the
Catawba River near Catawba, October 4; on the same stream 7 and 10
miles west of Statesville, October 2 and 4; on Hogan Creek 7 miles
northeast of Reidsville, September 19; and near Greenville,
November 6.
EMPIDONAX VIRESCENS (Vieillot): Acadian Flycatcher
This widely distributed species was encountered as follows: At
1,450 feet elevation 8 miles southwest of Murphy, June 9; at 3,500
feet elevation 12 miles east of Hayesville, June 26 and 27; 11 miles
east of Wadesboro, May 26; near Roseboro, May 2, 5, and 6; Clinton,
May 1; Southport, May 19; and Gliden, April 25. The progressive
graying from wear in this species with advance through spring into
summer is noticeable.
EMPIDONAX MINIMUS (Baird and Baird): Least Flycatcher
In the high country 12 miles east of Hayesville this small flycatcher
was fairly common, as birds were taken here at 3,500 feet elevation
on June 26, 27, and 28 and others were seen on June 30. One was
seen at 3,800 feet 2 miles north of Highlands on July 6. An immature
female fully grown was obtained at 4,800 feet on Elk Knob, 7 miles
north of Boone, on July 18. On July 5, 1936, J. J. Murray and I
found this species common between Sturgills and Warrensville, where
the birds ranged along streams and in the adjacent groves at elevations
as low as 2,800 feet.
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—-WETMORE 501
MYIOCHANES VIRENS (Linnaeus): Eastern Wood Pewee
This common species was recorded as follows: Near Murphy, June
12 and 13; 4,100 feet elevation on Standing Indian Mountain, 15 miles
east of Hayesville, July 1; near Franklin, July 1; Wadesboro, May
29; Rockingham, May 30; Reidsville, September 19; Roseboro, May 2;
and Southport, May 10 and 11.
Family ALAUDIDAE
OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS PRATICOLA Henshaw: Prairie Horned Lark
Apparently this bird has come to breed in North Carolina, since
Perrygo observed one near Meat Camp Creek, Watauga County, on
July 11. Though he did not collect it, he was certain of the identity.
Family HIRUNDINIDAE
IRIDOPROCNE BICOLOR (Vieillot): Tree Swallow
Perrygo secured a male in the edge of the Dismal Swamp, 7 miles
west of South Mills, on April 19. On October 14 and 15 I recorded
scores circling over Lake Mattamuskeet near Lake Landing. On the
latter date on Roanoke Island, a mile north of Manteo, a flock of about
3,000 tree swallows rested in close order on the low plants of a bean
field, where they were sheltered somewhat by the nearby pines from a
strong, cold wind. Others perched on telephone wires above. Ap-
parently a few minutes earlier the flock had alighted to get the sun
on the paved highway where a car or cars passing at high speed had
killed about 150, the pavement and the roadside being strewn with
their bodies. I picked up 30 or so in good condition, and later most
of these were prepared either as skins or skeletons.
STELGIDOPTERYX RUFICOLLIS SERRIPENNIS (Audubon): Rough-winged Swallow
The only specimen taken was secured 5 miles east of Weeksville,
April 27. Two were recorded 5 miles west of Franklin, June 22.
HIRUNDO RUSTICA ERYTHROGASTER Boddaert: Barn Swallow
An adult female was shot near Southport, May 17.
PROGNE SUBIS SUBIS (Linnaeus): Purple Martin
A male in immature plumage was taken 5 miles northeast of
Southport on May 12.
On. July 30, 1941, at the southern end of the long bridge across
Albemarle Sound, south of St. Johns, I found about 150 purple
martins lying dead on the pavement, where they had been killed that
502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 90
morning by passing cars. Apparently the birds had gathered in
the sun on the bridge and on the approach to meet disaster in the
same manner as described above for the tree swallows.
Family CORVIDAE
CYANOCITTA CRISTATA CRISTATA (Linnaeus): Florida Blue Jay
Specimens of the blue jay were taken at the following localities:
4,500 feet elevation on Rocky Ridge, 13 miles west of Franklin, June
22; Catawba River, 7 miles west of Statesville, September 29 and 30;
7 miles southeast of Rockingham, May 31; near Reidsville, September
20 and 25; Roseboro, May 8; Bethel, November 1; and Southport,
May 11.
This entire series of 15 skins is identified as the southern form, both
on size and color, so that apparently this is the breeding bird through-
out most of if not all the State. The wing in males taken ranges
from 123.6 to 180.7 mm. and in females from 126.9 to 129.1. The birds
seen are definitely dark in color above with restricted white markings
in the wings. One bird from Bethel and two from Reidsville have the
white more extensive and appear somewhat less purplish but are small
in size. They are considered to be intermediate.
Examination of this and other material makes it apparent that
Oberholser *° is correct in extending the range of the southern form
of the blue jay to the north so far that it covers the type locality of
cristata. The bird currently called florincola then becomes Cyanocitta
c. cristata, while the northern race will be known as Cyanocitta c.
bromia Oberholser.
The northern blue jay should come as a migrant to North Carolina,
though no specimens are at hand to substantiate this, but whether
the northern form nests in the State apparently is a matter still to be
established. It may occur in the higher mountains of the northwest.
In fact, Oberholser,?! in a review of the races of the blue jay cited
above, has listed as the northern form a specimen taken on July 11,
1895, on Roan Mountain. This specimen, in the National Museum,
is a young female only recently from the nest, with the juvenile
plumage only partly replaced by first fall dress. I am inclined to
believe that it might be more properly considered an intermediate, a
question, however, to be settled only by additional specimens. A jay
secured by Perrygo on September 23, 1937, on that part of Roan Moun-
tain found in Tennessee is definitely intermediate but seems nearer
to the southern form. Three collected by J. J. Murray at Blowing
Rock on August 7 and 18, 1937, which I have examined, are also young
birds in process of attaining fall plumage, and like Dr. Oberholser’s.
20 Auk, 1921, pp. 83-89.
21 Loc. cit., p. 88.
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—WETMORE 503
skin from Roan Mountain they are in too poor condition to warrant
establishing a State record without supporting evidence. They ap-
pear intermediate. The wing measurements in two females are 126.6
and 127.3 mm. and in one male 128.7 mm., and in the Roan Mountain,
N. C., skin, a female, 128.4 mm. I am not certain, however, that the
wing is fully grown in any of these.
CORVUS CORAX PRINCIPALIS Ridgway: Northern Raven
Perrygo recorded this species in small numbers on Roan Moun-
tain, N. C., September 11 and 12, 1937, and observed one on
Snake Mountain, Watauga County, July 18, 1939. He was told that
up to fifteen years or so previous ravens had nested regularly on
Bluff Mountain north of Boone but had left this locality.
CORVUS BRACHYRHYNCHOS BRACHYRHYNCHOS Brehm: Eastern Crow
As a migrant this northern race, marked by larger size, comes into
North Carolina, though its comparative abundance in relation to the
southern form remains to be ascertained. In a considerable series
in the National Museum there are two male brachyrhynchos (wing
325, 312, culmen from base 55, 52 mm.), and one female (wing 310,
culmen from base 50 mm.) taken January 7, 1914, near Currituck
Sound.
CORVUS BRACHYRHYNCHOS PAULUS Howell: Southern Crow
North Carolina is in the northern section of the range of this
rather poorly marked form, and from a small number of breeding
specimens the nesting birds that I have seen all appear best referred
to paulus. In a pair from the edge of the Dismal Swamp 7 miles
west of South Mills the male has the wing 308 and the culmen from
base 51.6 mm., while in the female these measurements are 292 and
48.3 mm., respectively. A female from Wadesboro, May 26, meas-
ures 285 and 44.8 mm., and one from Statesville, October 4, has the
wing 280 and the culmen from base 49.1 mm. A female from Engel-
hard, October 23, measures 299.5 and 51.8, and a male from Green-
ville 297 and 50.83 mm. A male taken at Asheville on May 3, 1932,
is definitely paulus, with the wing 280 and the culmen from base
47 mm.
The only anomalous specimen in the breeding series is a male,
taken 8 miles southwest of Murphy, in which the wing is 316 and the
culmen from base 50.5 mm. This specimen is of uncertain status
but it is probably an intermediate specimen, as birds from the moun-
tains of northeastern Tennessee and southwestern Virginia belong
with paulus. Further breeding specimens should be obtained in the
mountain area of western North Carolina.
504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
In addition to the skins listed we have a male from Asheville shot
November 1, 1930 (wing 297), and a series from Currituck Sound
taken January 7, 1914, that includes 5 males and 9 females.
CORVUS OSSIFRAGUS Wilson: Fish Crow
This common species in the coastal area is represented by skins
from Southport, May 11, 19, and 20, and Engelhard, October 24. In
addition Perrygo observed it at Sunbury, April 19; in the Dismal
Swamp area 7 miles west of South Mills, April 21 and 24; in the
Bear Skin and Little Cohaire Swamps near Roseboro, April 24 and
May 2; and on Smith Island, May 13. I found a number near Bath
on the Pamlico River on January 15 and 17, 1929, and recorded them
as fairly common at Manteo on March 31, Nags Head on April 1,
and Atlantic on April 2, 1934. On October 15, 1939, I observed a
number at Stumpy Point.
Family PARIDAE
PENTHESTES CAROLINENSIS CAROLINENSIS (Audubon): Carolina Chickadee
The typical form of the Carolina chickadee, marked by darker
gray on the back and duller buffy brown on sides and flanks, extends
across the southern part of the State from the mountains to the coast.
Records based on specimens are as follows: Murphy, June 8 (juvenile)
and 12; 5,100 feet elevation on Rocky Bald, 12 miles west of Frank-
lin, June 20; 3,500 feet elevation 12 miles east of Hayesville, June
28; Catawba, September 29; Catawba River, 7 miles west of States-
ville, September 30; Rockingham, May 30; 11 miles east of Wades-
boro, May 26; Engelhard, October 13 and 23; Southport, May 15 and
16 (including one juvenile).
Specimens from Engelhard are somewhat intermediate but appear
nearer the southern race.
PENTHESTES CAROLINENSIS EXTIMUS Todd and Sutton: Northern Carolina Chickadee
This recently described northern race extends into the northern
part of the State, its range in the northwest remaining to be
ascertained.
Specimens have been examined from the following points: Hogan
Creek, 7 miles northeast of Reidsville, September 18; Troublesome
Creek, 7 miles south of Reidsville, September 25; Conetoe Creek, 3
miles west of Bethel, November 2; Clinton, May 1; and the Dismal
Swamp area, 7 miles west of South Mills, April 14, 15 and 17.
BAEOLOPHUS BICOLOR (Linnaeus): Tufted Titmouse
From the mountains to the lowland swamps of the coast this is
one of the common birds of North Carolina wherever there are wood-
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—WETMORE 505
lands. Specimens were obtained as follows: Murphy, June 14; at
5,000 and 5,100 feet on Rocky Bald; 12 miles west of Franklin, June
23 and 26; Statesville, September 29 and October 5; Wadesboro, May
29; Roseboro, May 2; Clinton, May 1; Bethel, October 30 and Novem-
ber 1; South Mills, April 14 and 24; and Southport, May 10 and 12.
Tt was observed at 4,800 feet on Elk Knob, 7 miles north of Boone
on July 12 and at 4,600 feet on Three Top Mountain, 2 miles south
of Creston on July 13.
Family SITTIDAE
SITTA CAROLINENSIS CAROLINENSIS Latham: White-breasted Nuthatch
Through North Carolina there is a definite area of intergradation
between the northern and southern races of this widely distributed
bird, of which the northern form is paler dorsally and slightly larger
and the southern one darker and a little smaller. In addition the
female of typical carolinensis has the black of the crown partly con-
cealed by an edging of gray, a marking most evident in fall and winter
as in occasional individuals in spring and summer this disappears.
In the southern bird the crown is definitely black in both sexes.
Birds from the northern section of the State belong definitely with
the northern form, though in some there is more or less indication
of intergradation. Birds ascribed to the northern subspecies were
taken as follows: Hogan Creek, 7 miles northeast of Reidsville, Sep-
tember 18 (male somewhat darker, female with crown distinctly
gray); 6 miles northwest of Greenville, November 8; Conetoe Creek,
7 miles northwest of Bethel, October 30 (somewhat intermediate) ;
Gliden, April 25; Dismal Swamp area, 7 miles west of South Mills,
April 14 and 17 (male and female, both intermediate).
SITTA CAROLINENSIS ATKINSI Scott: Florida Nuthatch
The southern form is represented by skins from the southern
section of the State, some of which, again, are more or less inter-
mediate. In a pair taken 8 miles southwest of Murphy, June 13, at
an elevation of 1,450 feet the male is definitely intermediate in color
and a little large (wing 89.2 mm.), while the female is duller gray
and has the crown black. A male and a female taken at 4.100 feet on
Standing Indian Mountain, 15 miles east of Hayesville are also inter-
mediate in depth of gray color, but here again the female has a black
head. A pair from 7 miles southeast of Rockingham, May 31, seem
to belong more definitely with the southern bird, as do an adult male
and a juvenile female from near Roseboro, taken on May 5.
The range of the two subspecies remains to be worked out in detail.
Undoubtedly many specimens will be found that can be allocated only
arbitrarily.
506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
SITTA PUSILLA PUSILLA Latham: Brown-headed Nuthatch
This interesting nuthatch is locally common through wide areas
in the eastern and southern part of the State, seemingly more
abundant on the Coastal Plain than farther inland. Specimens at
hand come from the following localities: 7 miles southeast of Rock-
ingham, May 30 and June 1; Wake Forest, April 11, 1885 (from
Frank Blake Webster) ; 6 miles northwest of Greenville, November
9; near Bath (mouth of Mixon Creek, January 16, 1929, and mouth
of Duck Creek, January 13, 1930, taken by A. Wetmore) ; Engelhard,
October 13 and 19; North Harlowe, November 20; and Southport,
May 10, 12, and 15.
The northern race of this bird, which extends in its range from
Georgia northward to Maryland and west into eastern Texas, when
compared with Sitta pusilla caniceps Bangs of Florida averages
slightly larger, there being, however, some overlap in size. The
northern bird in addition has the gray of the back slightly darker,
and the brown of the head darker with the paler edgings on the
crown feathers, where present, distinctly darker.
The southern race, from material in the U. S. National Museum,
is found throughout Florida, including the northwestern extension
of the State. Birds from St. Marys in extreme southeastern
Georgia belong also to this form.
Family CERTHIIDAE
CERTHIA FAMILIARIS AMERICANA Bonaparte: Brown Creeper
Specimens were taken at Statesville on October 7 and Engelhard
on October 18.
Family TROGLODYTIDAE
TROGLODYTES AEDON AEDON Vieillot: Eastern House Wren
The four specimens of the house wren taken were obtained near
Engelhard, in Hyde County, on October 16, 20, 21, and 24. All
belong to the typical form. The darker, grayer, and less refuscent
Ohio house wren 7'roglodytes aédon baldwini has been recorded from
a number of localities in North Carolina.??
NANNUS HIEMALIS HIEMALIS (Vieillot): Eastern Winter Wren
Specimens of this migrant race were secured at Engelhard, October
23, and near Bethel, October 30. I collected one at the mouth of
Mixon Creek near Bath on January 16, 1929.
*2 Ohio Journ. Sci., vol. 34, Mar. 1934, p. 92.
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—-WETMORE 507
NANNUS HIEMALIS PULLUS Burleigh: Southern Winter Wren
It is interesting to find two of these birds collected on Conetoe
Creek 3 miles west of Bethel on November 1, indicating a migration
away from their mountain breeding range.
An adult male taken at 4,300 feet on Bluff Mountain 4 miles west
of West Jefferson is an abnormal individual, as it is much paler than
the average for the southern bird, being very similar to typical
hiemalis. It is considered an aberrant specimen.
One was recorded singing at 4,500 feet on Rocky Ridge 13 miles
west of Franklin on June 21.
THRYOMANES BEWICKI BEWICKI (Audubon): Bewick’s Wren
Three juvenile individuals only recently from the nest were
obtained at 4,500 and 4,800 feet on Elk Knob, 7 miles north of
Boone, July 11 and 12, and at 4,600 feet on Three Tops Mountain, 2
miles southeast of Creston, July 13. The species was recorded near
West Jefferson on July 14. It was fairly common in the localities
noted.
THRYOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS LUDOVICIANUS (Latham) : Carolina Wren
Specimens of this species were secured at 1,450 feet elevation 8
miles southwest of Murphy, June 10 and 13 (the latter recently from
the nest) ; at 3,500 feet 12 miles east of Hayesville, July 4; at 4,000
feet near Highlands, July 5; and 4,300 feet elevation on Three Tops
Mountain, near Creston, July 13, the last three being records of some
interest as indicating altitudinal distribution. Elsewhere the bird
was obtained as follows: On the Catawba River 3 miles north of
Catawba, September 29, and 10 miles southwest of Statesville, Octo-
ber 6; Reidsville, September 22; Bethel, October 31; Roseboro, May
2; Clinton, May 3; South Mills, April 15, 18, and 21; and on Smith
Island, May 13 and 22 (young recently from the nest).
TELMATODYTES PALUSTRIS PALUSTRIS (Wilson) : Long-billed Marsh Wren
A series of 14 skins of the long-billed marsh wren presents a truly
remarkable picture, since in it there are represented four distinct
subspecies, two of them certainly breeding and the other two migrant,
though possibly one of these last may nest in the northeastern
coastal area.
In the specimens collected there is one example of the typical race
taken 8 miles southwest of Stumpy Point in Dare County, October
90. This bird comes from the breeding area of 7’. p. waynei and is
evidently a migrant.
508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Hellmayr * has united Cistothorus and Telmatodytes in one genus
on the grounds that Cistothorus apolinart Chapman from the Suba
Marshes near Bogota is a connecting link between the two. In this
he has been deceived by the gross appearance of the South American
bird, a most remarkable species, which is, relatively speaking, a giant
in its group. The much larger size of apolinari is deceptive, as in the
relative proportions of its large, heavy bill, in the graduation of the
tail, in the distal tapering of the rectrices, and in the relative length
of the exposed culmen compared with the middle toe it agrees with
Cistothorus stellaris and differs as does that species from T'elma-
todytes palustris. Under the circumstances it seems to me necessary
to recognize two genera, unless we proceed to recast our ideas of
generic alliance, in which case these and many others would attain
the value of subgenera. Cistothorus apolinari in its very large,
strong feet and tarsi differs decidedly from all the other marsh
wrens, and on this basis it possibly may be separated as a third gen-
eric or at least subgeneric group when more is known about it.
TELMATODYTES PALUSTRIS WAYNEI Dingle and Sprunt 4: Wayne’s Marsh Wren
This is a strongly marked form, characterized by very dark color
above, with the black extensive and the browns dark and with more
or less barring on sides and under tail coverts. It was described from
a migrant bird at Charleston with the indication that it was the
breeding bird of the coastal area of North Carolina, a supposition
that has proved true.
A mile north of Engelhard these birds were common in October,
so that Perrygo and I secured four on October 14 in marshes near the
highway leading north. Perrygo collected another 7 miles southwest
of Stumpy Point, October 17, and one 6 miles northeast of Beaufort,
November 18. More interesting is an adult female obtained 2 miles
northeast of Southport May 17. This bird is entirely typical of its
race though taken a mile distant from 7. p. griseus, which breeds
here in the coastal region. It is probable that it is a migrant in
passage from the south, but possibly here is a point where the ranges
of the two forms in question join.
Burleigh,” late in May 1932, found wayne? in the coastal area from
Swanquarter northward and reports that no marsh wrens were en-
countered at Beaufort. The matter is one that should be carefully
investigated.
*3 Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., vol. 18, Nov. 15, 1934, p. 114.
*4 Telmatodytes palustris waynei Dingle and Sprunt, Auk, Oct. 1932, p. 454 (Mount Pleas-
ant sae.)e
* Auk, 1937, p. 457.
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—-WETMORE 509
TELMATODYTES PALUSTRIS GRISEUS (Brewster): Worthington’s Marsh Wren
This race, in very gray color with entire absence of bright brown,
is so different from the other marsh wrens with which we are con-
cerned here as to be distinguished at a glance. An adult female
obtained a mile northeast of Southport on May 19 and four taken
on Smith Island opposite on May 21 all belong to this race. Evi-
dently here is the northern limit of this interesting bird. Attention
is called again to the fact that the one from Southport was taken a
mile south of the point where a skin of 7. p. waynez was secured.
The details of the occurrence of the four marsh wrens here
listed furnish a fascinating problem for investigation by local
ornithologists.
TELMATODYTES PALUSTRIS ILIACUS Ridgway: Prairie Marsh Wren
I collected an adult male in a marsh a mile north of Engelhard
on October 14 in an area where 7. p. waynei was abundant. This
migrant from the northern interior regions is brighter, lighter brown
on the back and flanks but is otherwise like typical palustris. There
is another specimen in the National Museum taken at Fort Macon,
N. C., in September 1869.
CISTOTHORUS PLATENSIS STELLARIS (Naumann): Short-billed Marsh Wren
In fall this interesting wren was common locally in fresh-water
marshes in the coastal area, being found in company with the other
marsh wrens. At Engelhard on October 14 I noted that they were
as-common as the long-billed marsh wrens. Specimens were taken
here on October 14, 16, and 24. Perrygo took four more 6 miles
northeast of Beaufort on November 15 and 18. Howell and Bur-
leigh ** found half a dozen pairs of the short-billed marsh wren near
Pungo, Va., a short distance north of the North Carolina line from
May 17 to 20, 1932, and believed that they may have nested there.
Search for them should be made in the Currituck Sound area in
North Carolina in the nesting season.
The smaller forms of Céistothorus of Central and South America
seem so closely allied to our familiar bird of the north that it appears
that Hellmayr *’ is justified in considering all as geographic races of
one species. The oldest name for the group as a whole is platensis
of Latham so that the bird of the A. O. U. Check-list will become
Cistothorus platensis stellaris.
% Auk, 1934, p. 250.
4 Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., vol. 13, pt. 7, Nov. 15, 1934, pp. 114-123.
510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Family MIMIDAE
MIMUS POLYGLOTTOS POLYGLOTTOS (Linnaeus): Eastern Mockingbird
The mocker was obtained as follows: Weeksville, April 27; Engel-
hard, October 16; Morehead City, November 24; Marshallberg,
November 23; and Southport, May 18. It was seen on Smith Island,
May 18; near Reidsville, September 19 and 23; near Bethel, Novem-
ber 1; and at Franklin, June 29.
DUMETELLA CAROLINENSIS (Linnaeus): Catbird
Of this abundant species specimens were obtained as follows:
Murphy, June 8 and 9; Hayesville, June 26; Catawba, September
30; 4,600 feet elevation on Elk Knob, 7 miles north of Boone, July
19; Reidsville, September 23 and 25; Roseboro, May 4; Clinton, May
3 and 4; Bethel, November 1; Stumpy Point, October 17; Bogue
Island near Morehead City, November 24; and South Mills, April 19.
TOXOSTOMA RUFUM RUFUM (Linnaeus): Eastern Brown Thrasher
Of state-wide distribution, this interesting bird was obtained at
the following localities: Murphy, June 9 and 10; Hayesville, June
26 and 27; 4,000 feet elevation on Patty Mountain, near West Jeffer-
son, July 14; Statesville, October 4 and 5; Reidsville, September 23
and 26; Clinton, May 6; and Southport, May 11. All these check
in size with the dimensions of the eastern race.
Family TURDIDAE
TURDUS MIGRATORIUS MIGRATORIUS Linnaeus: Eastern Robin
The larger, darker eastern robin breeds in the higher mountains
of western North Carolina in a more or less intermediate form whose
distribution at present is not fully understood. In part of the area
at least it intergrades or mingles with the southern race. In the
present collection there is one male, taken on June 22 at 5,000 feet on
Rocky Ridge, 13 miles west of Franklin, that represents the eastern
bird, as it is dark in color. Though the wing measures only 126
mm. the tips of the primaries are broken and worn, so that the
proper length is perhaps 2 mm. more. A male taken at Statesville
on October 9 has the wing 129.3 mm., and one from Reidsville
measures 130.1 mm. Two other winter birds were shot at Greenville on
November 3 and 9, and a very large female was collected in the edge
of the Dismal Swamp near South Mills April 14 (wing 133.4 mm.).
In January 1929 I recorded great flocks of robins roosting and
feeding in the wooded swamps along the Pamlico River near Bath,
and on January 16 I shot two, one of which was the typical form.
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—-WETMORE 51t
During winter the northern form should be common in North
Carolina.
TURDUS MIGRATORIUS ACHRUSTERUS (Batchelder) : Southern Robin
This is the breeding robin of North Carolina outside the mountain
area and seemingly has increased in numbers in recent years. As
already indicated there is mixing between this race and the typical
one in the mountain areas of the southeastern Appalachian region in
a manner not yet fully understood. Two females from Highlands,
taken July 5 at 4,000 feet, are typical of the southern bird in size
and color, as are also three secured at from 4,550 to 4,800 feet on
Elk Knob, 7 miles north of Boone, July 11 and 18, and one from 4,300
feet on Bluff Mountain, 4 miles west of West Jefferson, collected
July 15. Dr. J. J. Murray has sent me a female taken at Blowing
Rock on August 7, 1940. Further study is desirable to ascertain the
ranges of the two subspecies of robin throughout the mountain area.
Considerable variation in color is evident in four other breeding
birds. A female from near Raleigh (the type locality of the race),
taken on May 8, is quite dark on the breast but paler above and has
the wing 119 mm. Ina pair taken in Harnett County 20 miles south-
west of Raleigh on May 8 the male is dark (wing 124.4) and the
female pale (wing 114.2). A male shot on May 6 at Clinton is very
dark above and below (wing 117.4).
Other skins come from Reidsville, September 22; near South Mills,
April 15 and 21; and Marshallberg, November 23. T secured one at
the mouth of Mixon Creek near Bath on January 16, 1929.
HYLOCICHLA MUSTELINA (Gmelin): Wood Thrush
Specimens were secured as follows: 9 miles southwest of Murphy,
June 16; 12 miles east of Hayesville, June 28; Catawba, October 3;
Statesville, October 9; Reidsville, September 20 and 23; Rockingham,
May 30; Clinton, May 6; and Gliden, April 26.
HYLOCICHLA GUTTATA FAXONI Bangs and Penard: Eastern Hermit Thrush
Specimens were obtained at South Mills, April 17, 19, and 21;
lod
Bethel, November 4; and Greenville, November 7.
HYLOCICHLA USTULATA SWAINSONI (Tschudi): Eastern Olive-backed Thrush
The three collected were obtained at Clinton, May 1, Statesville,
October 3, and Bethel, October 30.
HYLOCICHLA MINIMA MINIMA (Lafresnaye) : Gray-cheeked Thrush
In spring, male and female were taken near Clinton, May 6. During
the fall migration specimens were obtained at Reidsville, September
312 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
20 and 24; the Catawba River near Statesville, October 3; and
Catawba, October 4. These all represent the larger form, now known
as minima.”®
HYLOCICHLA MINIMA BICKNELLI Ridgway: Bicknell’s Thrush
A male was collected near Southport, May 12. In this specimen
the wing measures 95.1 mm., so that it is clearly representative of the
smaller form.
HYLOCICHLA FUSCESCENS FUSCESCENS (Stephens): Veery
Migrants were collected at Clinton on May 1 and at Rosebero on
May 2. On the breeding grounds two males were taken at 5,000 and
5,100 feet on Rocky Bald, 13 miles west of Franklin, on June 20 and 23.
On the latter date a juvenile bird recently from the nest was obtained.
Birds were seen at 5,200 feet on Rocky Ridge, 13 miles west of Franklin,
on June 22; at 3,700 feet, 12 miles east of Hayesville, June 27, 28,
and 29; and near Highlands, July 5 and 6. A female was collected at
3,200 feet 3 miles west of West Jefferson on July 14, and another at
5,900 feet on Elk Knob, 7 miles north of Boone, July 10.
SIALIA SIALIS SIALIS (Linnaeus) : Eastern Bluebird
Records for this pleasing bird are as follows: Murphy, June 10;
Rockingham, June 2; Roseboro, May 2; Greenville, November 8 and
9; Gliden, April 26; Engelhard, October 16; Beaufort, November 20;
Davis, November 18; and Southport, May 10 and 16.
Family SYLVIIDAE
POLIOPTILA CAERULEA CAERULEA (Linnaeus) : Blue-gray Gnatcatcher
The gnatcatcher is an elusive species that is easily overlooked after
leaves cover the trees in spring. Perrygo and his companions obtained
specimens as follows: At 1,450 feet, 9 miles southwest of Murphy,
June 16; Rockingham, May 30 and June 1; Roseboro, May 2; Clinton,
May 3; Gliden, April 25; South Mills, April 21; and Smith Island,
May 22.
REGULUS SATRAPA SATRAPA Lichtenstein: Eastern Golden-crowned Kinglet
Near Engelhard, on October 23, when two were collected, these
birds were common. Another was secured at Greenville on November
7. There is an adult male in the Museum collection obtained on the
summit of Roan Mountain, N. C., on July 26, 1890, by P. L. Jouy.
CORTHYLIO CALENDULA CALENDULA (Linnaeus): Eastern Ruby-crowned Kinglet
Taken at Statesville on October 7 and near Bethel on November oh
* See Wetmore, A., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 88, 1940, p. 552.
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—-WETMORE 513
Family BOMBYCILLIDAE
BOMBYCILLA CEDRORUM Vieillot: Cedar Waxwing
On Smith Island Perrygo found a flock of seven on May 20 and
secured two females. One has a very tiny tip of wax on one of the
rectrices, in addition to well-developed red points on the secondaries.
The other has no trace of these markings. A male was collected 12
miles east of Hayesville at 3,500 feet elevation on July 1.
Family LANIIDAE
LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS LUDOVICIANUS Linnaeus: Loggerhead Shrike
The five shrikes taken all belong to the darker southern form. Breed-
ing birds were obtained at Autryville and Roseboro on May 2 and
Rockingham on May 30. In fall, one was shot at Tarboro on Novem-
ber 3 and one at Williston on November 17.
Family VIREONIDAE
VIREO GRISEUS GRISEUS (Boddaert): White-eyed Vireo
Skins were obtained as follows: Rockingham, May 30 and June 1;
Roseboro, May 3; Clinton, May 3; South Mills, April 14 and 15; South-
port, May 12; and Smith Island, May 13. These belong to the typical
form.
VIREO FLAVIFRONS Vieillot: Yellow-throated Vireo
Taken 8 miles southwest of Murphy on June 12.
VIREO SOLITARIUS ALTICOLA Brewster: Mountain Vireo
In the mountains of western North Carolina this race is common,
and at times it ranges to low elevations, as male and female were taken
at 1,750 feet elevation 6 miles southwest of Murphy on June 9. At
4,100 feet on Standing Indian Mountain, 15 miles east of Hayesville, a
male and a juvenile bird fully grown were collected on July 1. A male
comes from 5,000 feet on Rocky Bald, 13 miles west of Franklin, June
93. Near Highlands, the type locality, Perrygo collected four males
and a female on July 5 and 6 between 3,800 and 4,000 feet elevation. In
the northwest two were taken at 4,800 feet on Elk Knob on July 11
and 12, and two at 5,000 feet on Snake Mountain on July 18, both locali-
ties lying about 7 miles north of Boone. One was shot at 4,300 feet on
Bluff Mountain, 4 miles west of West Jefferson, on July 15.
Measurements from this series are as follows: Males (11 specimens),
wing 75.7-83.2, tail 52.0-59.0, culmen from base 13.1-14.8, tarsus
18.2-19.6 mm.
514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
Females (2 specimens), wing 77.8-79.1, tail 52.3-53.3, culmen from
base 13.9-14.2, tarsus 18.9 mm.
VIREO OLIVACEUS (Linnaeus): Red-eyed Vireo
This, one of the common woodland species of the eastern United
States, was secured at the following localities: 3,500 feet elevation, 12
miles east of Hayesville, June 27 and 28; 4,300 feet elevation on Three
Tops Mountain, 2 miles southeast of Creston, July 18; Statesville,
October 7; Wadesboro, May 26; Rockingham, May 31; Reidsville, Sep-
tember 18 and 26; Roseboro, May 2; Clinton, May 3; South Mills,
April 20 and 24; and Southport, May 12 and 17.
After examination of further material I am still of the opinion
that it is better at present to treat the red-eyed vireo as ‘a Species
distinct from its near relatives.
Family COMPSOTHLYPIDAE
MNIOTILTA VARIA (Linnaeus): Black and White Warbler
This interesting bird, of common occurrence, was recorded as fol-
lows: 8 miles southwest of Murphy, June 10; near Hayesville, June 28
(young bird, fully grown) and July 1 (adult male) ; 4,300 feet eleva-
tion on Three Tops Mountain, 2 miles southeast of Creston, July 138;
Statesville, Sepieer 30; Clinton! April 29; Gliden, April: 255 and
South Mills, April 22.
PROTONOTARIA CITREA (Boddaert): Prothonotary Warbler
This beautiful swamp warbler is one of the most interesting birds
of the lowland swamps. Specimens were taken at the following locali-
ties: Near the Pee Dee River, 11 miles east of Wadesboro, May 26
and 29; 7 miles southeast of Rockingham, May 30; near Roseboro,
May 4 and 6; Gliden, April 26; the Dismal Swamp area 7 miles west
of South Mills, April 18, 20 and 24; and Southport, May 12.
VERMIVORA CHRYSOPTERA (Linnaeus): Golden-winged Warbler
A male was taken at Roseboro, May 5, and another at 4,300 feet on
Three Tops Mountain, 2 miles southeast of Creston, July 138. The
species was recorded near Hayesville, June 28 and 29.
VERMIVORA PINUS (Linnaeus): Blue-winged Warbler
An adult male was collected on Hogan Creek, 7 miles northeast of
Reidsville, September 26.
VERMIVORA PEREGRINA (Wilson): Tennessee Warbler
Taken at Reidsville on September 18 and on the Catawba River
10 miles southwest of Statesville on October 4, 6, and 7.
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—WETMORE 515
COMPSOTHLYPIS AMERICANA PUSILLA (Wilson): Northern Parula Warbler
An immature female taken on Hogan Creek, 7 miles northeast of
Reidsville, on September 18, with a wing measurement of 58 mm.,
and a male taken at Engelhard on October 16, with the wing 62.6
mm., belong to the northern form.
COMPSOTHLYPIS AMERICANA AMERICANA (Linnaeus): Southern Parula Warbler
Aside from slight difference in size (the northern bird has a slightly
longer wing and a smaller bill) the characters that have been used
to separate the northern and southern forms of the parula warbler
appear variable. In the series at hand from North Carolina all are
considered americana on the basis of size except the two pusilla listed
above. In the series of americana two males from South Mills, taken
on April 19 and 20, and one from Gliden, collected on April 25, agree
in indefinite chest band, and so carry what has often been considered
the chief character of the southern form. However, males shot at
Southport on May 12 and on Smith Island on May 21, evidently breed-
ing birds, have heavily marked breast bands, the band in the latter
bird especially being broad and heavy. Two males from Murphy
taken on June 18 and 16 and one from 3,500 feet elevation 12 miles
east of Hayesville likewise have well-marked chest bands though small
in size. Females were taken at Clinton on April 29. In fall, a
female was taken on Hogan Creek 7 miles northeast of Reidsville
on September 26.
Measurements of the North Carolina birds are as follows: Males (8
specimens), wing 56.2-57.9, tail 38.3-41.6, culmen from base 11.7-12.8,
tarsus 15.3-17.6 mm.
Females (5 specimens), wing 52.1-55.9, tail 37.7-43.3, culmen from
base 11.6-12.3, tarsus 15.4-16.3 mm.
DENDROICA AESTIVA AESTIVA (Gmelin): Eastern Yellow Warbler
Near Murphy these birds were fairly common in June, two males
being taken on June 9.
DENDROICA MAGNOLIA (Wilson): Magnolia Warbler
Specimens were taken at Reidsville, September 29; on the Catawba
River near Catawba, September 28 and 30; and 7 miles west of
Statesville, September 30.
DENDROICA TIGRINA (Gmelin): Cape May Warbler
Four were seen and one taken at the Catawba River near Catawba,
October 5.
516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
DENDROICA CAERULESCENS CAERULESCENS (Gmelin): Black-throated Blue Warbler
Migrant examples of the northern subspecies were collected as
follows: Roseboro and Clinton, May 4; Madison, September 21; and
Statesville, October 4.
DENDROICA CAERULESCENS CAIRNSI Coues: Cairns’s Warbler
It is of especial interest to record a male of this race taken in
migration 3 miles southwest of Clinton, on May 1. In the mountain
breeding grounds specimens were collected as follows: 3,500 to 3,700
feet elevation 12 miles east of Hayesville, June 27 and 29; 4,500 to
5,200 feet on Rocky Ridge, 12 miles west of Franklin, June 21 and
22, and 5,000 feet on Rocky Bald, 13 miles west of the same town,
June 23; 5,500 feet on Elk Knob, 7 miles north of Boone, July 10;
and 8,800 to 4,300 on Bluff Mountain 4 miles west of West Jefferson,
July 15.
DENDROICA CORONATA CORONATA (Linnaeus): Myrtle Warbler
In spring migrants were collected at South Mills, April 14 and
15; Roseboro, May 2; and Clinton, May 3. In the fall migration
three were recorded and one was taken on the Catawba River, 10
miles southwest of Statesville, on October 5. Others were secured
at Stumpy Point, October 23; Bethel, November 2; and Davis,
November 18.
DENDROICA VIRENS VIRENS (Gmelin): Black-throated Green Warbler
An adult male was taken 9 miles north of Southport on May 18.
This bird in larger bill resembles those of the north and must be
considered a belated migrant.
DENDROICA VIRENS WAYNEI Bangs: Wayne’s Warbler
On May 4 the first of these birds was taken 3 miles west of Rose-
boro, a male marked by small bill and slightly darker dorsal colora-
tion. Male and female were taken 6 and 9 miles north of Southport
on May 17 and 19. Apparently this race extends across to the
mountains in North Carolina, as a male taken at 4,300 feet on Bluff
Mountain, 4 miles west of West Jefferson, on July 15, 1939, agrees
with the birds from the coastal area in the characters indicated.
DENDROICA FUSCA (Miiller): Blackburnian Warbler
This interesting bird was taken in the breeding season at 5,000
feet on Rocky Bald, 13 miles west of Franklin, on June 23, at 4,100
feet on Standing Indian Mountain, 15 miles east of Hayesville, on
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—-WETMORE 517
July 1, and at 4,000 feet near Highlands on July 5. A migrant was
shot at Catawba on October 5.
DENDROICA DOMINICA DOMINICA (Linnaeus): Yellow-throated Warbler
Localities for this handsome warbler are as follows: Pee Dee River,
11 miles east of Wadesboro, May 27 and 29; Roseboro, May 6;
South Mills, April 18; Gliden, April 25 and 26; and Southport,
May 10, 11, and 16. All these show more or less yellow in the
anterior part of the superciliary, though in birds in worn plumage
this may become very faint.
DENDROICA PENSYLVANICA (Linnaeus): Chestnut-sided Warbler
This warbler was found during the summer in the mountains at
the following localities: 3,500 to 3,700 feet elevation in Clay County,
12 miles east of Hayesville, June 27 to 29; 5,100 feet on Rocky Bald,
12 miles west of Franklin, June 20; and 5,200 to 5,500 feet on Elk
Knob, 7 miles north of Boone, July 10 and 17. Fully grown im-
mature specimens were collected on Three Tops Mountain, 2 miles
southeast of Creston, on July 18, and one was taken in fall migration
near Madison, Rockingham County, on September 21.
DENDROICA CASTANEA (Wilson): Bay-breasted Warbler
One was taken and others were seen along the Catawba River, 10
miles southwest of Statesville, on October 4.
DENDROICA PINUS PINUS (Wilson): Nerthern Pine Warbler
Records for this widely distributed resident warbler are as follows:
Statesville, October 9; Wadesboro, May 27; Rockingham, May 30;
Reidsville, September 22; Clinton, May 3 (including a bird recently
from the nest); Roseboro, May 4; Greenville, November 8; Engel-
hard, October 16; Beaufort, November 20; Southport, May 10; and
Smith Island, May 22.
DENDROICA DISCOLOR DISCOLOR (Vieillot): Northern Prairie Warbler
The small series obtained comes from the following localities: At
1,450 feet elevation, 8 miles southwest of Murphy, June 12; Anson
County, 11 miles east of Wadesboro, May 26; near Clinton, May 4;
Sunbury, April 19 and 21; Southport, May 12 and 15; and Smith
Island, May 22.
DENDROICA PALMARUM PALMARUM (Gmelin): Western Palm Warbler
Three were taken at Reidsville, September 25, Statesville, October
9, and Stumpy Point, October 27. Curiously enough all are the
518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
western form which is supposed to be of casual occurrence in the
State.
SEIURUS AUROCAPILLUS (Linnaeus): Ovenbird
Spring and summer specimens were taken at Gliden, April 25;
Clinton, May 3; Murphy, June 7 and 12; and Hayesville, June 29.
In fall this species was collected at Reidsville on September 25 and
on the Catawba River west of Statesville on October 4 and 9.
SEIURUS NOVEBORACENSIS NOVEBORACENSIS (Gmelin): Northern Water-thrush
Taken in spring near Clinton on May 8, and in fall on Hogan
Creek, 7 miles northeast of Reidsville, on September 26.
SEIURUS NOVEBORACENSIS NOTABILIS (Ridgway): Grinnell’s Water-thrush
An immature male was taken on Hogan Creek, 7 miles northeast
of Reidsville, on September 18. This bird is distinctly more sooty
gray, less brownish above, and lighter below. The wing measures
75.3 mm.
SEIURUS MOTACILLA (Vieillot): Louisiana Water-thrush
Two were collected at Gliden on April 25. At Clinton one was
taken on May 1 and at Rockingham one on June 1. An interesting
record is of one shot at 5,000 feet on Rocky Ridge, 13 miles west of
Franklin, on June 22. These birds were recorded also near Hayes-
ville, June 29 and 30 and July 4; near Baldwin, July 13; and near
West Jefferson, July 14.
OPORORNIS FORMOSUS (Wilson): Kentucky Warbler
This handsome species was taken at Clinton and Roseboro on May
4 and 6 miles southwest of Murphy on June 15.
OPORORNIS AGILIS (Wilson): Connecticut Warbler
To the small number of records of this species for North Carolina
there is added an immature male secured on the Catawba River, 10
miles southwest of Statesville, on October 4.
GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS BRACHIDACTYLA (Swainson): Northern Yellowthroat
Breeding birds referred to this form come from the high area in
the west. Two males and a female from 8 miles southwest of Murphy,
at 1,450 feet, taken on June 8, 9, and 10, agree with this form, as does
a male from 2,200 feet 7 miles west of Franklin, collected on July 4,
and a male from 4,600 feet on Three Tops Mountain, 2 miles southeast
of Creston, July 13. I have also a male sent to me by Dr. J. J. Murray
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—WETMORE 519
from 3,700 feet at Blowing Rock, shot on August 8, 1940. In spring,
migrants were obtained at South Mills on April 14 and at Roseboro on
May 4. Fall specimens were taken on the Catawba River near
Catawba, September 29, and west of Statesville, October 2, 3, and 5.
A male from Williston, taken on November 16, is apparently nearest
this race in color though small, as the wing measures 51.2 mm. only.
It appears that this form nests throughout western North Carolina
and that it is state-wide in occurrence in migration.
GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS TRICHAS (Linnaeus): Maryland Yellowthroat
This race apparently occurs in North Carolina only as a migrant
though it may breed near the coast in the extreme northeast, since
Duvall 7° records one from near Pungo in southeastern Virginia.
It is the smailest of those found here in wing measurement, and it
has the flanks more grayish, less brownish like the northern yellow-
throat (Geothlypis t. brachidactyla).
In the series at hand there are two females ascribed to this race
taken in the Dismal Swamp area 7 miles west of South Mills, April
i@ (wing 48.8 mm.); and near Sunbury, April 22 (wing 49.5 mm.).
It is probable that this subspecies may be found to be the breeding form
somewhere along the northern boundary of the State.
GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS TYPHICOLA Burleigh ®: Athens Yellowthroat
This race, an intermediate between Geothlypis t. ignota of farther
south and ¢richas, is marked by darker, browner coloration of back
and flanks, though not so dark as zgnota. Though definitely an inter-
mediate it seems to occupy a wide enough range from Georgia to
southeastern Virginia to warrant recognition. In North Carolina
it is found as the breeding bird of the Coastal Plain, extending back
over the eastern section of the Piedmont. Birds from much of
this area are not so dark as those from farther south and tend to
range a little small, but they are too dark to be considered trichas.
Two males and a female from near Southport, May 15 and 17, are
fairly typical in size and color. Of two taken near Roseboro on May 2
and 6, one is fairly typical and the other somewhat light in color.
A pair secured 11 miles east of Wadesboro on May 26 are definitely
intermediate both in size and color.
Two males and two females, all immature, taken on Hogan Creek,
7 miles northeast of Reidsville, September 18, 19, and 22, have the size
of trichas but appear very dark, so that they are allocated as inter-
2? Auk, 1937, p. 461.
* Geothlypis trichas typhicola Burleigh, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 47, Feb. 9,
1934, p. 21 (Athens, Ga.).
520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
mediates under this name. More of these birds should be collected
in this area in the breeding season to check their identity.
Other fall specimens were obtained at Engelhard, October 14 and 20,
and Morehead City, November 22.
ICTERIA VIRENS VIRENS (Linnaeus): Yellow-breasted Chat
Of this elusive species skins come from Southport, May 11; Wades-
boro, May 27; Murphy (9 miles southwest), June 14; and 3,200 feet
elevation, 3 miles west of West Jefferson, July 14.
WILSONIA CITRINA (Boddaert): Hooded Warbler
Recorded from Murphy, June 7 and 12; 3,700 feet elevation, 12 miles
east of Hayesville, June 29; Wadesboro, May 27; Rockingham, June
1; Reidsville, September 18; Clinton, April 29; South Mills, April 17;
and Southport, May 16. Females in this series show interesting varia-
tion in the amount of black present on the forepart of the body,
ranging from one with the faintest of darkened yellow on the fore-
neck, with a slight edging of dusky on the auricular region, to birds
with the center and posterior part of the crown extensively black and
the breast plain, or with the black much reduced on the crown but
extended as a smudged band or necklace across the foreneck and
upper breast.
WILSONIA CANADENSIS (Linnaeus): Canada Warbler
This mountain breeding bird was taken at 4,500 feet elevation on
Rocky Ridge, June 21, and at 5,100 feet on Rocky Bald, June 20, both
localities being in Macon County, 12 to 18 miles west of Franklin.
Others were secured at 5,500 feet on Elk Knob, 7 miles north of Boone
July 10, and at 4,600 feet on Three Tops Mountain, 2 miles southeast of
Creston, on July 13, the latter being a fully grown immature individual.
SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA (Linnaeus): Redstart
In spring this alert warbler was taken at South Mills on April 19
and 24, near Clinton on May 38, and at Roseboro on May 5. A
summer male shot 11 miles east of Wadesboro in Anson County,
May 26, has an exceptionally large orange wing spot. Individuals
were seen but not taken 12 miles east of Hayesville on July 4 and
near West Jefferson on July 14. Fall specimens were obtained at
Reidsville on September 22 and 25 and on the Catawba River west of
Statesville on September 30 and October 38.
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—-WETMORE §21
Family ICTERIDAE
DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS (Linnaeus): Bobolink
The only specimen taken was shot 8 miles southwest of Stumpy
Point, Dare County, on October 24, an unusually late date.
STURNELLA MAGNA ARGUTULA Bangs: Southern Meadowlark
The series obtained during the present work was collected either
along the southern border of North Carolina or on the Coastal
Plain. All are the southern form.
‘During the breeding season birds were obtained 7 miles southeast
of Rockingham, May 31; near Southport, May 12, 15, and 16; and
near the Dismal Swamp 7 miles west of South Mills, April 19. The
latter, a male, has the wing 115.2 mm. and is especially dark and
richly colored. The fall series also represents the southern form,
including specimens from the Catawba River near Catawba, Octo-
ber 6; Stumpy Point, October 27; Beaufort, November 15 and 17;
and Marshallberg, November 23. ‘Two from Beaufort listed above
are somewhat intermediate but are nearer the southern form, which
apparently may winter in the coastal area.
AGELAIUS PHOENICEUS PHOENICEUS (Linnaeus): Eastern Red-wing
In the small series obtained breeding individuals come from South-
port, May 10, 17, and 18, and Smith Island, May 20. Fall specimens
were collected at Engelhard, October 16, 18, and 24, and Williston,
November 17.
ICTERUS SPURIUS (Linnaeus): Orchard Oriole
A second-year male comes from Southport, taken on May 18. It
has a small spot of chestnut in the center of the breast.
CASSIDIX MEXICANUS MAJOR (Vieillot): Boat-tailed Grackle
Skins of the “jackdaw” come from Southport, May 10 and 18;
Smith Island, May 13 and 20; and 6 miles northeast of Beaufort,
November 14. Individuals were seen at Marshallberg on November
23 and Atlantic on November 25. I have recorded them on various
occasions on Roanoke Island and near Nags Head and Kitty Hawk.
The tips of the bills in two summer males show an interesting condi-
tion in which the ramphotheca on the premaxilla (upper mandible)
has been worn away for a distance of about 7 mm., so that this part
of the bill tip has been much narrowed, back of this it being normal.
Two females taken at the same season exhibit this condition to a
lesser degree. Obviously this is due to some feeding habit at the
area where these birds were obtained, perhaps to eating clams or
other shellfish. Three females taken in fall near Beaufort do not
show this wear.
522 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
The subspecific status and nomenclature of the eastern grackles
of this group seem at present so uncertain that after some considera-
tion I have listed these birds as major. Without going into unneces-
sary detail here I may add that the bird of Florida has been
described by Alexander Sprunt, Jr., as a separate race westoni™
while almost simultaneously the bird from Delaware to Florida was
named by Francis Harper as torreyi.2? Lowery ** tentatively recog-
nizes both forms, though acknowledging that this is debatable. After
examination of the highly unsatisfactory series of these birds in the
National Museum I cannot make out the characters alleged for
either and feel that further study is required to determine whether
the eastern group differs from that of Louisiana. The question of
difference in eye color must be decided by further field investigations.
QUISCALUS QUISCALUS STONEI Chapman *: Purple Grackle
A male taken in the Dismal Swamp, 7 miles west of South Mills, on
April 18 is referred to this form in accordance with Dr. Frank M.
Chapman’s modern studies of this interesting group of birds. Two
other forms should occur in North Carolina.
Family THRAUPIDAE
PIRANGA ERYTHROMELAS Vieillot: Scarlet Tanager
Birds were secured in summer in the mountain area of western
North Carolina as follows: 1,450 feet altitude 8 miles southwest of
Murphy, June 12 and 18; 3,700 feet 12 miles east of Hayesville, June
30; 4,100 feet on Standing Indian Mountain, 15 miles east of Hayes-
ville, July 1; and 4,700 feet on Three Tops Mountain, 2 miles southeast
of Creston, July 13. The species was seen on Pack Mountain in Cher-
okee County, June 7; on Rocky Ridge, Franklin County, June 22;
near Highlands, July 6; and on Elk Knob, Watauga County, July 17
and 18. Migrants were taken in Reidsville on September 23 and on
the Catawba River west of Statesville on October 4.
PIRANGA RUBRA RUBRA (Linnaeus): Summer Tanager
Records for this bird are as follows: Wadesboro, May 26; Rocking-
ham, May 30; Gliden, April 25; Clinton, May 1 and 8; and Southport,
May 10. On June 6 Perrygo recorded three on Pack Mountain above
Pack Mountain Gap, Cherokee County.
31 Cassidig mezicanus westoni Sprunt, Charleston Mus. Leaflet No. 6, Feb. 24, 1934 (St.
Johns River Marshes, Indian River County, Fla.).
3 Cassidix major torreyi Harper, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 85, Mar. 8, 1934,
p. 1 (Chincoteague, Va.).
* Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., No. 1, May 4, 1938, p. 6.
* Quiscalus quiscula stonei Chapman, Auk, 1935, p. 25 (Lakehurst, N. J.).
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—-WETMORE 523
Family FRINGILLIDAE
RICHMONDENA CARDINALIS CARDINALIS (Linnaeus): Eastern Cardinal
The attractive cardinal ranges widely in North Carolina, as the fol-
lowing records will indicate: 8 miles southwest of Murphy, June 12;
3,200 feet elevation, 9 miles west of Franklin, July 4; 3,200 feet near
West Jefferson, July 14; near Wadesboro, May 27; Catawba River
north of Catawba, September 29, and west of Statesville, October 2 and
4; Reidsville, September 18 and 22; Madison, September 21; Clinton,
May 4; South Mills, April 15 and 21; Southport, May 12; and Smith
Island, May 22.
HEDYMELES LUDOVICIANUS (Linnaeus): Rose-breasted Grosbeak
On Rocky Bald and Rocky Ridge, 12 and 13 miles west of Franklin,
rose-breasted grosbeaks were common, specimens being taken on June
20, 21, and 22. East of Hayesville several were recorded at 3,500 feet
and above on June 27 to 30, and four were seen on July 1, at 4,100 feet
on Standing Indian Mountain. Three were recorded near Highlands
on July 5. Three were collected 7 miles north of Boone on Elk Knob
at 4,800 to 5,100 feet on July 11,17, and 18. In fall, one was secured
near Reidsville on September 19, and one was recorded near States-
ville on October 9.
On careful comparison of the breeding birds from this southern area
with excellent series from the north there is indication that the species
is uniform throughout its extensive breeding range.
PASSERINA CYANEA (Linnaeus): Indigo Bunting
Specimens come from Murphy, June 10; 2,200 feet elevation 7 miles
west of Franklin, July 4; 4,800 feet on Elk Knob, 7 miles north of
Boone, July 11 and 12; near Longisland, October 6; Wadesboro, May
26 and 27; and Reidsville, September 22 and 25.
PASSERINA CIRIS CIRIS (Linnaeus): Eastern Painted Bunting
Near Southport three were seen and a male taken on May 11. Others
were obtained on Smith Island, where the species was abundant, on
May 18, 20, and 22.
Comparison of a good series indicates clearly that there are two
geographic races of this handsome species instead of the one included
in the fourth edition of the A. O. U. Check-list. The western form,
C.s. pallidior, is lighter colored in the male and lighter and somewhat
grayer in the female.
Measurements of birds obtained in North Carolina are as follows:
Males, wing 67.1, 67.9, 69.6, tail 50.9, 51.0, 51.1, culmen from base
524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
11.4, 11.6, 12.1, tarsus 18.0, 18.5, 19.6 mm. Females, wing 63.7, 64.7,
65.5, tail, 50.4, 50.8, 51.4, culmen from base 11.0, 11.5, 12.0, tarsus 18.4,
18.5, 19.1 mm.
SPINUS TRISTIS TRISTIS (Linnaeus): Eastern Goldfinch
In the mountain region the goldfinch was obtained near Murphy on
June 9 and 15, in the vicinity of Hayesville on June 30, on Elk Knob
north of Boone on July 18, and near West Jefferson on July 14. A
winter bird was collected at Williston on November 16. The species
was recorded near Reidsville on September 19, 22, and 28.
PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS ERYTHROPHTHALMUS (Linnaeus): Red-eyed Towhee
With three forms of the towhee represented in the series of skins se-
cured in 1939, it is obvious that there is much to be done in determining
ranges and occurrence of this species in North Carolina. The typical
form is marked by larger size, reddish-brown eye, deeper brown on the
sides and flanks, and large size of the white spot on the end of the outer
tail feather. The wing in five males in the present series ranges from
82.0 to 86.4 mm. and in five females from 75.7 to 81.8 mm.
Specimens allotted to this race include birds taken in the Dismal
Swamp area 7 miles west of South Mills, April 17 and 18; about 3
miles southwest of Clinton, May 1; about 3 miles northeast of Rose-
boro, May 2; and 4,800 feet elevation on Elk Knob, 7 miles north of
Boone, June 10 and 11. Fall specimens include one from Hogan
Creek, 7 miles northeast of Reidsville, September 22; one from the
Catawba River 7 miles west of Statesville, October 3; and two secured
at Stumpy Point, October 17 and 21. The bird from Statesville may
be a migrant, while the two from Stumpy Point certainly are in that
category.
PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS CANASTER Howell: Alabama Towhee
This race has a reddish-brown eye, and is about equivalent in
size to P. e. erythrophthalmus, but has the tail spot smaller and
the brown of the sides and flanks paler. Males taken 8 miles south-
west of Murphy, June 12, and at 5,100 feet on Rocky Bald, 12 miles
west of Franklin, agree with this form, though the tail spots, meas-
uring 34 and 35 mm., are a little large. It is expected that this bird
will be found elsewhere along the western border of the State, as
it occurs in adjacent sections of Tennessee.
PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS ALLENI Coues: White-eyed Towhee
That towhees with light-colored eyes are found in the southeastern
coastal region of North Carolina is well known, the present mate-
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—-WETMORE 525
rial indicating that they range more widely than anticipated. The
birds here come in contact with the true red-eyed towhee, P. e.
erythrophthalmus, and show intergradation in some individuals
through variation in the light color of the eyes and in larger size,
as well as in the extent of the white tip on the outer rectrix, which
is much restricted in typical adlend.
The name to be applied to these light-eyed birds may be subject
to some question, but to me it appears better, for the present at least,
to call them adlenz, on the basis principally of the light-colored eye.
Burleigh ** has identified these coastal birds of North Carolina as
canaster and has written me that he considers this to be the proper
name to be applied to them. P. e. canaster at best is an intergrade
toward alleni as indicated by the reduced white on the outer rectrices.
Its principal definite peculiarity is in the paler brown of the sides
and flanks. The iris is red like that of erythrophthalmus, though
where canaster reaches alleni in the south we may expect paler-eyed
birds. It hardly seems to me desirable to place the coastal birds
with light eyes and dark brown flanks and sides with ecanaster, as
in so doing we use this name for birds with two definite characters
of another race.
It may be added that apparently it is this intermediate white-eyed
group here allocated under alleni that Koelz recently has named
rileyt from the coast of Georgia.** I do not feel, however, that
this group of intermediates can be properly segregated under a
distinct name without more evidence.
At Southport this is the breeding form, specimens being taken
on May 11 and 18. Three males, with wing measurements of 80.3,
82.3, and 85.8 mm., average a little large but have the white tips on
the tail small. A female is nearly typical, as the wing measures
72.4 mm., and the forepart of the body has a definitely grayish cast.
It was somewhat of a surprise to get light-eyed towhees 7 miles
southeast of Rockingham in Richmond County, indicating the influ-
ence of the southern bird coming in from the south along the valley
of the Pee Dee River. These birds are a little large, a male having
the wing 85.0 and a female 83.0 mm., but the white on the tail is
not extensive and the female is distinctly dark and grayish. Though
not typical they are definitely to be placed with allenz. It was also
unexpected to find this same intermediate type of bird near Green-
ville on November 4 and 9, four males having definitely light eyes
though averaging a little large, with the white on the tail more
extensive. Wing measurements range from 80.1 to 89.8 mm. Other
3% Auk, 1937, p. 459.
% Pipilo allent rileyi Koelz, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 52, July 22. 1939. "*n: 127
(Brunswick, Ga.).
526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
fall birds were taken at Engelhard on October 20, Mansfield on
November 16, and Morehead City on November 24.
PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS SAVANNA (Wilson): Eastern Savannah Sparrow
This common wintering bird from the north was taken in spring
near Weeksville on April 27. There are also two in the National
Museum that I collected near Manteo on Roanoke Island on
April 21, 1935.
In fall Perrygo found this race common, mainly in the coastal
area, specimens being taken as follows: Engelhard, October 23;
Stumpy Point, October 20, 21, 23 and 27; Lake Landing, near Lake
Mattamuskeet, October 28; Fairfield, October 28; Greenville, No-
vember 6; near Beaufort, November 14 and 15; Williston, November
16 and 17; Morehead City, November 22; Marshallberg, November
23; and Atlantic, November 25. There is some variation toward
labradorius in occasional specimens in this series.
PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS LABRADORIUS Howe: Labrador Savannah Sparrow
This very darkly colored northern subspecies does not seem to
have been reported previously from North Carolina, but its
occurrence as a migrant is to be expected. The present collection
contains seven specimens taken as follows: Engelhard, October 13;
Stumpy Point, October 27; Greenville, November 6; about 6 miles
northeast of Beaufort, November 14 and 15; and near Atlantic,
November 25. Some of these are somewhat intermediate toward
P. s. savanna. It will be interesting to learn more of the occurrence
of this race whose characters have not until recently been fully,
understood.
There is still another form, Passerculus sandwichensis oblitus,
that has been recorded from the State, a race marked by gray color
with a reduction of brown, of which Perrygo did not obtain samples.
AMMOSPIZA CAUDACUTA CAUDACUTA (Gmelin): Sharp-tailed Sparrow
Specimens were obtained at Beaufort on November 14 and 15.
AMMOSPIZA CAUDACUTA DIVERSA (Bishop): Southern Sharp-tailed Sparrow
One was collected near Beaufort on November 17. This race,
described by Bishop *7 from Roanoke Island though not recognized
in the fourth edition of the A. O. U. Check-list, is easily told from
other races by its definitely darker coloration above. Below the sides
and breast are heavily streaked. It breeds from North Carolina
north to Maryland.
37 Ammodramus caudacutus diversus Bishop, Auk, 1901, p. 269 (Wanchese, Roanoke
Island, N. C.).
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—-WETMORE 527
AMMOSPIZA CAUDACUTA NELSONI (Allen): Nelson’s Sparrow
Near Southport specimens were secured on May 10 and 17, the late
dates being interesting in view of the long migration that this race
makes to its interior nesting grounds. One of the skins taken on
May 10 is very slightly paler than the others and shows some
approach to the intermediate type that Todd has recently described
under the name altera. In fall, one was shot 6 miles northeast of
Beaufort on November 14, an indication that Nelson’s sparrow may
possibly winter in the coastal area.
POOECETES GRAMINEUS GRAMINEUS (Gmelin): Eastern Vesper Sparrow
At 4,500 feet elevation on Elk Knob, 7 miles north of Boone, these
sparrows were taken on July 17, 18, and 19. One was collected near
Engelhard on October 24. On June 9, 1917, I observed two between
Grove Hill and Warrenton, near the highway.
CHONDESTES GRAMMACUS STRIGATUS Swainson: Western Lark Sparrow
On October 23 an immature female was taken 8 miles southwest
of Stumpy Point in Dare County. This stray from the west may be
identified at a glance by its pale dorsal color with restricted black
streaks and the light shade of brown on cheeks and forecrown.
AIMOPHILA AESTIVALIS BACHMANI (Audubon): Bachman’s Sparrow
Near Southport three specimens were taken on May 12 and 15.
JUNCO HYEMALIS HYEMALIS (Linnaeus): Slate-colored Junco
An abundant winter resident. In fall the first one was taken at
Stumpy Point on October 17. Others were secured at Greenville
on November 6 and at Morehead City on November 24.
JUNCO HYEMALIS CAROLINENSIS Brewster: Carolina Junco
Near Franklin these juncos were taken on Rocky Bald at 5,000 and
5,100 feet on June 20 and 23, the specimen on the latter date being
a fully grown juvenile. They were seen at 4,500 and 5,000 feet on
Rocky Ridge in this same region on June 21 and 23. Others were
recorded near Hayesville at 3,500 and 3,700 feet on June 27 and 30
and at 4,100 feet on Standing Indian Mountain on July 1. An adult
female was collected at 4,000 feet near Highlands on July 5, and
other specimens were secured at 4,800 to 5,500 feet on Elk Knob
near Boone on July 10 and 11.
528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM YOL. 90
SPIZELLA PASSERINA PASSERINA (Bechstein): Eastern Chippimg Sparrow
The quiet but attractive chipping sparrow is represented by speci-
mens as follows: Murphy, June 9 and 10; Wadesboro, May 26 and
27; Reidsville, September 22; Raleigh, May 8; Roseboro, May 2;
Clinton, May 3; and Southport, May 18.
SPIZELLA PUSILLA PUSILLA (Wilson): Eastern Field Sparrow
The specimens of this widely distributed bird as expected all per-
tain to the typical form. Records are as follows: Murphy, June 10;
near Hayesville (juvenile), June 27; Bluff Mountain, 4 miles west
of West Jefferson, July 15; Statesville, October 3 and 4; Wadesboro,
May 27; Rockingham, May 31; Reidsville, September 25; Green-
ville, November 9; Engelhard, October 23; and South Mills, April
17 and 18.
ZONOTRICHIA ALBICOLLIS (Gmelin): White-throated Sparrow
In spring the white-throat was taken at South Mills on April 18,
near Weeksville on April 27, at Clinton on May 3, and in the vicinity
of Roseboro on May 6. The fall migration began with one secured
on October 7 on the Catawba River 10 miles southwest of Statesville.
Others were obtained at Greenville, November 6 and 8, and Morehead
City, November 24.
PASSERELLA ILIACA ILIACA (Merrem): Eastern Fox Sparrow
This fox sparrow, migrant from the north, was taken near Green-
ville on November 6 and was seen in the same locality on
November 10.
MELOSPIZA LINCOLNI LINCOLNI (Audubon): Lincoln’s Sparrow
In the edge of the Dismal Swamp, 7 miles west of South Mills,
an adult female was collected on April 14. One was observed near
Sunbury in Gates County on April 19. An immature female was
shot on Troublesome Creek, 7 miles south of Reidsville, on
September 23.
MELOSPIZA GEORGIANA GEORGIANA (Latham): Eastern Swamp Sparrow
Swamp sparrows were taken in spring near South Mills on April
17 and 18 and were seen near Sunbury on April 19. In fall they
were common at Engelhard by October 17, specimens being taken on
that date and on October 18 and 20. Others were obtained at Stumpy
Point, October 21; Lake Landing, October 28; Greenville, November
NOTES ON NORTH CAROLINA BIRDS—-WETMORE 529
6; Beaufort, November 15; Williston, November 16 and 21; and
Atlantic, November 25.
All specimens examined are of the darker eastern race. Recently,°*
in another connection, I discussed the eastern and western forms of
this bird and indicated that in my opinion both should be recognized.
MELOSPIZA MELODIA MELODIA (Wilson): Eastern Song Sparrow
The typical eastern song sparrow is a common migrant to North
Carolina but is not known to nest within the State. Specimens taken
by Perrygo and his assistants that are assigned to this race were
obtained as follows: Catawba River, 7 miles west of Statesville,
October 9; Fairfield, Hyde County, October 28; Engelhard, October
24; Greenville, November 6; Conetoe Creek, near Hassell, Martin
County, November 4; near Beaufort, November 14 and 15; Bogue
Island, near Morehead City, November 22; and Williston,
November 16.
MELOSPIZA MELODIA ATLANTICA Todd: Atlantic Song Sparrow
An adult female was secured in Carteret County at the edge of the
salt marshes 6 miles northeast of Beaufort on November 15. This
race is easily distinguished by its more grayish dorsal coloration and
by its heavier bill. It is the form that nests adjacent to the Atlantic
beaches along the coast, and it does not range inland, being confined
to those areas that feel the influence of salt water. The details of
its coastal distribution and the extent (if any) to which it follows
back along the shores of inlets and sounds away from the actual coast
will be of interest.
MELOSPIZA MELODIA EUPHONIA Wetmore: Mississippi Song Sparrow
This is the breeding race of the elevated section of western North
Carolina, a subspecies marked by darker dorsal color, and heavier,
broader black and blackish markings above.
Perrygo recorded these birds at an elevation of only 1,450 feet
along Persimmon Creek, 8 miles southwest of Murphy, June 8, 10,
and 13, but did not collect specimens. At 3,500 feet, 12 miles east
of Hayesville, three adults were taken on June 26 and a fully grown
young bird on July 2. Farther north two were shot at 4,550 feet
on Elk Knob, 7 miles north of Boone, on July 18, both being in
juvenal plumage, and two more were taken at 3,200 feet near West
Jefferson on July 14. On June 5, 1936, in company with J. J. Mur-
ray, I secured one at 2,800 feet on Big Helton Creek 1 mile east of
Sturgills and another at 2,700 feet on Little Helton Creek 3 miles
3 Proc, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 88, 1940, pp. 572-573.
530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
east of the same place. Dr. Murray has sent me two from near Blow-
ing Rock, one taken at 3,600 feet on August 5, 1937, on a tributary
of the New River, and another shot at 3,400 feet 5 miles south of
town near Bailey Camp on the head of the Yadkin River.
It is of particular interest to record specimens secured by Perrygo
near Stumpy Point on October 17, near Engelhard on October 24,
and near Greenville on November 6, since here they were migrants,
away from the mountains.
PLECTROPHENAX NIVALIS NIVALIS (Linnaeus): Eastern Snow Bunting
On the beach 3 miles southeast of Marshallberg Perrygo shot two
snow buntings and saw another on November 23. Two more were
seen and one taken 6 miles northeast of Atlantic on November 25.
©
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
ee ar
Vol. 90 Washington: 1941] No. 3118
NOTES ON SOME NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICAN
DANAID BUTTERFLIES
By Austin H. Cuark
Among the most interesting problems connected with the study of
the Lepidoptera are those having to do more or less directly with the
migrations of many species, and of all the migratory species the one
that has attracted the most attention is our common milkweed butterfly,
or monarch (Danaus plexippus).
This butterfly ranges from far north in Canada southward through-
out North and South America to Patagonia. It occurs in a number
of different forms, of which only the most northern (pleaippus) and
the most southern (erippus) are known to be migratory, the several
tropical forms being apparently sedentary and in some cases of very
restricted range.
All the forms of this butterfiy are much alike. But if we are to
obtain a clear picture of the migrations of our common North American
form (plexippus) and its distribution, regular or casual, in Central
America and in the West Indies we must distinguish it from the local
and apparently sedentary forms, the ranges of which it frequently
overlaps and with some of which it intergrades.
Dr. William Schaus and John F. G. Clarke have been so kind as
to permit me to study the excellent series of specimens of this species
in the collection of the National Museum, including the Barnes collec-
tion. In addition to these I have studied several hundred individuals
mainly from New England and from the vicinity of Washington, D. C.,
in my own collection; about 70 specimens from the vicinity of New
Orleans, La., generously sent me by Percy Viosca, Jr.; a fine specimen
406807—41 531
Soe PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM YOU. 90
of the subspecies megalippe from Key West, Fla., which I owe to the
courtesy of Lucien Harris, Jr., of Atlanta, Ga.; a number of specimens
from eastern Virginia in the collection of the University of Richmond
captured by Dr. Carroll M. Williams; and about 50 from Tahiti,
which were sent me by J. Morgan Clements. Dr. Hugo Kahl, of the
Carnegie Museum at Pittsburgh, Pa., and Ralph Chermock were so
good as to look up for me the specimen figured by Dr. W. J. Holland
in “The Butterfiy Book” as plexippus which I had long recognized as
representing the South and Central American form megalippe.
My interest in the milkweed butterfly was first aroused a few years
ago by the capture of two very worn examples of Danaus plexippus
megalippe in eastern Virginia. These, at the time, were regarded
merely as aberrations of the common D. p. plexippus. Later Mr.
Harris sent me a fine specimen from Key West, Fla., and Mr. Viosca
sent me four others that had been taken with numerous very worn
migrants of D. ». plexippus near New Orleans, La. I then found that
megalippe occurs sparingly in the coastal marshes of eastern Virginia
in company with the much more numerous plevippus.
Whether this southern form is endemic on our southeastern coast
or whether it is simply a casual, swept up, so to speak, in the wave
of north-bound plexippus in spring, remains to be determined.
Unfortunately the material available has been far too limited to
permit the drawing of any but tentative conclusions regarding the
number and distribution of the forms of Danaus plexvinpus occurring
in northern South America and in the West Indies. No specimens are
at hand from Venezuela, except from Aroa in the west, or from most
of the West Indian islands. The few West Indian specimens cer-
tainly do not give, in some cases, a true picture of the status of the
species in those islands that are represented. For imstance, only the
northern D. p. plexippus is represented from Cuba and from Trinidad
where the prevailing local form would presumably be D. p. megalippe
or some variant of it.
It is hoped that this paper will! serve to call attention to the interest
attaching to the careful working out, on the basis of adequate material,
of the tropical forms of this polymorphic species.
The National Museum has recently received from C. O. Neumann,
of San Antonio, Tex., a fine specimen of Danaus cleothera, a species not
heretofore recorded from the United States, and there is another speci-
men of the same species, also from Texas, in the Barnes collection.
This collection includes, in addition, a specimen of Danaus jamaicensis
from Florida. J. F. G. Clarke has suggested that notices of these
specimens be included in the present paper.
With these additions the number of forms in the genus Danaus
recorded from the United States reaches a total of seven—Danaus
NOTES ON DANAID BUTTERFLIES—CLARK 533
plexippus plexippus, D. p. megalippe, D. berenice berenice, D. b.
strigosa, D. eresimus, D. cleothera, and D. jamaicensis. In order to
facilitate the identification of these forms in localities where informa-
tion on the tropical American danaids is not easily accessible, it has
seemed advisable to include a key to them.
At the suggestion of Mr. Clarke the description of an interesting
new species from Peru allied to D. nivosus is appended.
KEY TO THE NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICAN SUBSPECIES OF DANAUS PLEXIPPUS
a’, Larger, fore wing more than 45 mm. long; fore wing with two light spots
beyond end of cell; black border of hind wing with more or fewer small
white spots.
b*. Two spots beyond end of cell on fore wing and two larger spots between
these and apex light dull orange contrasting with small white spots on
costal border; apical portion of fore wing with more or less dull orange;
two rows of small white spots in black border of hind wing.
plexippus (pl. 71, fig. 1}
b?. Two spots beyond end of cell on fore wing and two larger spots between
these and apex white; apical portion of fore wing with little or no duil
orange ; small white spots in black border of hind wing obsolete or lacking
except at the outer and anal angles.
c’. Ground color of wings dull orange-__--_--_--_ megalippe (pl. 71, fig. 2}
ce’. Ground color of wings pale lavender-brown_____-~- tobagi (pl. 71, fig. 3)
a®?, Smaller, fore wing less than 45 mm. long; fore wing lacking the two light
spots beyond end of cell; no small white spots in black border of hind wing.
portoricensis (pl. 72, figs. 3, 4)
DANAUS PLEXIPPUS PLEXIPPUS Linnaeus
PLATE 71, FicurRE 1
Range.—Trinidad, British West Indies; Cuba; Peru; from Costa
Rica (San José and Juan Vinas), the Gulf coast, and southern Flor-
ida northward throughout North America to Vancouver Island, the
Northwest Territories, the Red River Valley, Fort Providence (west
of Great Slave Lake), Lake Athabasca, the western shore of Hudson
Bay, Moose Factory (on southwestern James Bay), southern Quebec,
and Nova Scotia; Bermuda; the Canary and Cape Verde Islands;
casual in the British Isles and western Europe; also, as a relatively
recent immigrant, from the Hawaiian Islands and eastern Polynesia
westward to the Andaman Islands, southward to northern New
Zealand and eastern and southern Australia, and northward to
Formosa.
Specimens from tropical America examined—MeExtico: Coatepec,
1 ¢ (William Schaus); San Juan, Veracruz, 1 @ (W. Schaus).
Costa Rica: San José, 1 ¢; Juan Vinas, 2,500-38,500 feet, October
1906, 1 ¢ (W. Schaus and John Barnes). Perv: No further data,
534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 90
1 ¢. Trrnmap, British West Indies. Montserrat, 1 3 (W.
Schaus). Cua: No. further data, 1 ¢ (W. Schaus).
Notes.—This insect is extraordinarily constant throughout its enor-
mous range, and aberrations are rare. Most of the numerous speci-
mens from Polynesia that I have examined, all more or less worn,
are unusually dull in color, but this appears to be due simply to
fading in intense sunlight. Old individuals from the eastern United
States and from the Gulf coast are often equally dull.
In the Old World Tropics this northern subspecies shows no ten-
dency to assume the characters of its tropical representative (megal-
ippe) in America.
Regarding Danaus plexippus as it appears in Central America
Godman and Salvin wrote:
Central-American specimens, as a rule, agree closely with North-American
ones in having the spots toward the apex of the anterior wings tawny instead
of pure white. In Nicaragua, however, and further to the southward speci-
mens approach more nearly to the race prevalent in the north-western portions
of the southern continent [megalippe], and have these spots white and the veins
ef both wings more strongly margined with black. ‘These characters are very
slight, and show a tendency to a certain type rather than a present existing
definable feature; and therefore we are unwilling to separate them. Still the
divergence seems to commence in Nicaragua, all specimens found to the north-
ward belonging to the northern form [plevippus], whilst those to the southward
generally, but not universally, belong to the southern [megalippe].
Dr. Marston Bates wrote that “Cuban specimens of this species
* * * fall within the range of variation shown by the North
American population. Specimens from other West Indian islands
and from the tropical mainland have been separated as distinct choro-
morphs.” He also said that “The apex of the forewing above is
almost entirely black in some specimens, and includes several white
spots; the black border of the outer margin of both wings also includes
two rows of white spots, sometimes only partly developed.”
From this it would appear that both plexippus and megalippe,
with intergrades, occur in Cuba as well as in parts of Mexico, south-
ern Central America, and along the southern and southeastern coasts
of the United States.
Migration notes—Our knowledge of the migrations of this butter-
fly is as yet very imperfect. We need many more detailed records
than are available at present, especially in the southeastern portion
of the country, and we need far more information regarding the
assumed northward migration in the spring.
The occurrence of a definite northward migration has always
seemed to me debatable. It appeared to me more likely that a few
individuals succeeded in overwintering in the north and that the
northern population was maintained year after year by these rather
NOTES ON DANAID BUTTERFLIES—-CLARK 535
than by the annual mass incursion of immigrants from the south.
While it is possible that a few individuals may succeed in over-
wintering in the north, as occasionally happens in the case of Phoebis
eubule, it seems most probable that most of the northern population
each season is derived from individuals of southern origin, as is
usually assumed.
Dr. Frank Morton Jones, of Wilmington, Del., and Miss Dorothy
K. Cleaveland, of California, Pa., have both been so kind as to send
me records of unusual interest in connection with the northward
migration.
Dr. Jones writes that at Virginia Beach, Va., from April 18 to 30,
i906, throughout most days, one to three or four of these butterflies
were usually in sight, flying north or northwest, some obviously
seeking the larval food plant. There were many dead ones along
the shore, washed up by the waves.
This note is particularly interestmg and significant in view of
the fact that later in the season, in summer and autumn, this is not
a common insect about Virginia Beach. It also suggests an explana-
tion for the occurrence of the form with white preapical spots on
the fore wings (megalippe) in southeastern Virginia. Individuals
of this form, which so far as known is normally nonmigratory, may
join the flocks of plexippus in the far south where both occur.
Miss Cleaveland thus describes a flight presumably of this species
seen at Tahlequah, Oklahoma, en March 9, 1928:
Tonight about 5:30 I saw a flock of hundreds of butterflies (?monarchs)
flying low over my head, due north, characteristic butterfly flutter-flying and
near enough to see the lack of bodies like birds, but too far to see markings.
I was on upper Delaware Street, just starting to supper from the Rosses’.
This is the note, made at the time, in my bird (and other nature subjects)
journal. From all appearances I felt confident at the time, and have ever since,
that I saw a northward spring migratory flight of monarch butterflies. It was
much smaller than fall flights I have seen, but otherwise similar. The creatures
were too close to me and I am too familiar in observing nature to be mistaken
in their identity as butterflies. I judged they were monarchs because of their
relative size and because I have seen the monarch southward flights and know
something of their habits.
Dr. Carroll M. Williams writes that in the fall of 1936 he noticed a
southerly movement of this species at Richmond, Va. “The steady,
yet completely scattered migration in a general southern direction
was quite apparent. No hint of mass migration was visible, however.”
Dr. Williams quotes from a letter from Mrs. Walton, of Clifton
Forge, Va., describing a mass migration in that locality. Mrs.
Walton wrote:
During the first of October 1935 a great mass of monarch butterflies passed
through the valley coming from the northeast and following the valley river
{the James] and railroad. They were about 30 yards in width and 6 feet in
536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
depth. They were flying just high enough to miss the housetops and so on
down until you could even touch them. They were flying at a moderate speed
and some of them would pause a second to rest; and when night came they would
ali rest just where darkness caught them. They were so thick in places that
they seemed like a cloud passing. Some of them would dart in and out between
the houses. In their flight they followed the mountain valley.
This unusual flight was the subject of much discussion locally at
the time.
Driving from Washington to Alexandria, Va., along the main boule-
vard on September 22, 1934, I saw between 200 and 300 of these butter-
flies in the adjacent fields or crossing the road, flying singly or more
rarely in twos or threes, occasionally in larger groups, 6 to 15 or 20 feet
above ground. All were flying directly west. The light wind, as
determined from weather vanes in Alexandria, was east or slightly
north of east. Continuing from Alexandria to Accotink, I noticed
the same phenomenon; between 200 and 300 butterflies were seen,
all flying west. On September 25, 1934, between 5 and 5:30 in the
afternoon on the road from Accotink to Alexandria a few butterflies
were noticed, flying west as before.
Dr. Remington Kellogg has given me a note on a migratory flight
that he witnessed at Fishers Island, N. Y. Under date of September
19, 1921, he wrote that for the past two days large numbers, and at
times a steady procession, of large dragonflies were observed flying
across the island toward the southwest. Monarch butterflies (Danaus
plexippus) were frequently seen, though never in such large numbers
as the dragonflies. He noted that winds—that is, the prevailing
northwest wind—apparently have little to do with the migration of
the dragonflies and added that it is easy now to understand how it
is that dragonflies form such a large item in the stomach contents
of the pigeon hawks, which were migrating along the same route.
DANAUS PLEXIPPUS MEGALIPPE (Hitbner)
PLATE 71, Ficure 2
Euploea Megalippe Htsner, Index systematicus, No. 220, 1826.
Anosia Megalippe Htsnrer, Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge, vol. 2, pl. 220
(7), figs. 1, 2, 1826.
Danais archippus form nigrippus Harnscs, in Seitz, Die Gross-Schmetterlinge
der Erde, vol. 5, p. 118, May 13, 1909.
Range—From Peru (Chanchamayo) northward to Mexico (Co-
lima) and eastward in northern South America to Venezuela (Aroa)
and British and French Guiana; islands of St. Lucia and Dominica,
Lesser Antilles; Puerto Rico; Dominican Republic (Saman4) ; coast
of Texas; near New Orleans, La.; Key West, Fla.; about Currituck
Sound, N. C.; coast of Virginia south of Chesapeake Bay; casual in
Long Island, N. Y., and Decatur, Tl.
90 PLATE 7!
PROCEEDINGS, VOL
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
. Danaus plexippus plexippus, male, Kendall, N. Y.; H. S. Burnett.
. Danaus plexippus megalippe, male, British Guiana.
3. Danaus plexippus tobagi, new subspecies, male, Tobago, August 12, 1913; N. A. Wood; type
specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 53526).
N=
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 72
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 90 PLATE 73
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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NOTES ON DANAID BUTTERFLIES—-CLARK 537
Specimens exwamined.—Merxico: Esperanza, Colima, August 2, 1916,
1 $ (Leopold Conradt). En Satvapor: San Salvador, October 1920,
1 ¢é. Costa Rica: Juan Vinas, 2,500-8,500 feet, 2 9 @ (Schaus and
Barnes). PanamA: Chiriquicito, July,2 ¢ ¢ (Schaus and Barnes).
Corompia: No further data, 1 ¢. Ecuapor: Sarayaco, 3 9? (W.
Schaus) ; Macas, 3,500 feet, July 1 ¢ (Mis. James B. Rorer) ; Bafios,
1 ¢3 no further data,2 9 @ (Prof. F. Campos R.). Prru: Chan-
chamayo, 1 ¢. VenrzuriA: Aroa, 1 2 (W. Schaus). Brriisn
Guiana: Rockstone, Essequibo, 1 ¢ (Schaus and Barnes); no fur-
ther data, 3 ¢ 6,1 9. Frencw Guiana: St. Jean, Maroni, 1 ¢
(W. Schaus). Sr. Lucta: No further data, 1 8 (W. Schaus).
Dominica: No further data, 1 ¢ (Prof. Harry Ward Foote, Yale ex-
plorations June-July 1913); July 29, 1903 1 ? (August Busck).
Puerto Rico: Mayagiiez, January 1899, 1 ¢ (August Busck). Do-
MINICAN REerusiic: Samana, 1 9. Souru America: No further data,
2 66,1 2. No locality: 2 9 ¢. Lovtstana: Rigolets Pass, St.
Tammany Parish, 3 ¢ 36,1 9 (Percy Viosca, Jr.). FiLorma: Key
West, December 18, 1936,1 ¢ (Lucien Harris, Jr.). Norra Caronina:
Northern end of Currituck Sound, July 4, 1938. Vircrnta: Back Bay,
Princess Anne County, July 4, 1938; 2 miles west of Spring Grove,
Surry County, June 15, 1938. New Yorx: Long Island, September,
1 ¢@. Ittrwots, Decatur, July 24-30,1 @.
Notes—Long ago W. F. Kirby correctly identified Hiibner’s figures
of Anosia megalippe as representing the southern form of the common
North American plexippus. He recorded the fact that whereas
Hiibner showed the apical spots on the fore wings as white, in plexippus
“most of the apical spots on the fore wings are not white, but tawny.”
He gave the habitat. of megalippe as the Antilles, Venezuela, Bogota,
and Ecuador. But his determination seems generally to have been
overlooked, and in 1909 Dr. R. Haensch renamed this form nigrippus.
This is the subspecies represented by Dr. W. J. Holland in “The
Butterfly Book,” plate 7, figure 1. The figured specimen in the Car-
negie Museum, as I have been kindly informed by Dr. Hugo Kahl and
Ralph Chermock, bears the label “Danais evippus, South America” and
was obtained from Dr. Staudinger. It agrees well with others at
hand from the Guianas.
The specimens from western South America, including Venezuela,
and Central America, are somewhat darker and more reddish than
those from the Guianas, the West Indies, and the eastern United States,
but the difference is very slight and inconsistent.
Godman and Salvin noted that three examples from St. Vincent
(both windward and leeward sides) had white subapical spots, agree-
ing with South American specimens. They had many specimens from
Dominica, all belonging “to the form prevalent in the northern parts
538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 90
of South America, in which the spots in the apical portion of the pri-
maries are purer white than in North American examples.” W. J.
Kaye wrote that in Jamaican and Haitian specimens the usual white
spots in the apex of the fore wing are oftener than not yellowish.
As examples of intermediates between this form and typical plea-
ippus the following specimens may be mentioned: A rather dark fe-
male from Jalapa, Mexico, collected by Dr. William Schaus, has the
preapical spots on the fore wings pale yellowish, though the apical
area is very dark; there are two complete rows of small spots in the
black border of the hind wings. In a female from San José, Costa
Rica, the upper preapical spots on the fore wing are white, the lower
ones yellowish; the apical area is black; the spots in the border of the
hind wing are obsolete, except at the anal angle. One of the specimens
from Juan Vinas, Costa Rica, has both rows of white spots developed
in the black border of the hind wings.
The specimen from Mayagtiez, Puerto Rico, lacks the two white spots
beyond the end of the cell in the fore wing; the fore wing is 52 mm.
long. One of the females from “South America” is very dark.
The boundary between plexippus and megalippe—In Nicaragua
(Godman and Salvin), Jamaica (Kaye), Haiti (Kaye), and Cuba
(Bates) and along the southern and southeastern coast of the United
States Danaus plexippus appears to be represented by a population
including individuals typical of both pleaippus and megalippe, with a
complete series of intergrades. In some of these areas, as in southern
Central America, the megalippe form appears to predominate; in
others, as in Cuba and the southern and southeastern United States, the
plexippus form. The exact relation between the two forms in this
intermediate region remains to be worked out.
DANAUS PLEXIPPUS TOSAGI, new subspecies
PLATE 71, Figure 3
Diagnosis —Similar in all respects to D. p. megalippe but with the
ground color of the wings pale lavender-brown.
fange.—Confined to the island of Tobago, British West Indies.
Type—Scarborough, Tobago, collected by N. A. Wood on August
12, 1913, 6 (U.S.N.M. No. 53526).
Additional specimens examined.—Tosaco: Scarborough, August 5,
8, August 8, 2 ; Botanic Station, August 1, ¢, July 24, 2 ; The Bay,
August 2, 2 ; all collected by N. A. Wood in 1918.
Remarks.—This form is strikingly different from D. p. megalippe
in the ground color of the wings, though it resembles it in all other
features. In a rather rare aberration of D. p. plewippus (fumosus)
the wings have the same ground color.
-
NOTES ON DANAID BUTTERFLIES—-CLARK 539
DANAUS PLEXIPPUS, ?subspecies
Speaking of Danaus plexippus as it occurs on the island of Trinidad,
British West Indies, William James Kaye said “The specimens ee
Trinidad are very richly dark coloured and have the marginal band
to the hind wing very dark and very little spotted.” From this it
would appear that Trinidad is inhabited by a local race allied to that
on the neighboring island of Tobago. Mr. Kaye’s description cer-
tainly does not apply to specimens from the mainland in Guiana, which
are unusually bright.
The only specimen at hand from Trinidad represents D. p. plewippus
and not the form mentioned by Mr. Kaye.
DANAUS PLEXIPPUS PORTORICENSIS, new subspecies
PLATE 72, FIQURES 3, 4
Diagnosis—Resembling DP. p. megalippe from the Guianas but
smaller, the fere wing less than 45 mm. long; pair of white spots just
beyond the end of the cell in the fore wing absent ; two preapical spots
smali and pale yellowish; no white spots in the black border of the
hind wing.
fange.—Known only from the island of Puerto Rico.
Type—Ciales, north-central Puerto Rico, collected by C. G. Ander-
son and A. S. Mills, of the United States Bureau of Entomology and
Plant Quarantine, iecemises 5, 19838, ¢ (U.S.N.M. No. 53527).
Additional specimen examined. Ne data, ¢; received from the
Brooklyn Museum.
Remarks —The small size, absence of the two light spots beyond the
end of the cell, and absence of white spots in the border of the hind
wing give this form a very distinctive appearance. It is, of course,
possible that it may prove to be merely an abnormally marked dwarf
of D. p. megalippe, but the fact that the two specimens at hand are see
alike would seem to indicate that it is a valid race.
A specimen of D. ». megalippe from Puerto Rico also lacks the two
white spots beyond the end of the cell of the fore wing, and these are
occasionally absent from specimens of D. p. plexippus taken in the
southeastern United States.
DANAUS CLEOCTHERA Godart
PLATE 74, Figures 3, 4
Localities —Trexas: Medina River near Castroville, Medina County,
collected by C. O. Neumann on October 30, 1938, ¢ ; Brownsville, Cam-
eron County, collected by Armstrong on Nov ember 17,1983; 3
Notes.—The specimen from near Castroville i is a rather Snel male
with the fore wing 39 mm. long. It is rather dark and unusually well
540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
and clearly marked on the under side of the hind wings. It resembles
most closely specimens from Guatemala and from San Mateo, Costa
Rica, in the National Museum collection.
The specimen from Brownsville is a slightly larger male with the
fore wing 42 mm.long. It is not so contrastingly marked on the under
side of the hind wings as is the specimen from near Castroville. It
agrees very closely with a specimen from Honduras in the Nationa]
Museum collection.
Danaus cleothera is easily distinguished from D. erestmus, which,
according to Dr. Marston Bates, occurs in southern Florida, by the
absence of the two large white spots between veins 2 and 3 and 3 and 4
on the fore wings above and by the conspicuous white borders of the
veins on the hind wings beneath.
DANAUS JAMAICENSIS Bates
PLATE 73, FiguREs 1, 2
Locality.—F lorida, collected by Prof. Roland Thaxter.
Notes——The Barnes collection, now in the United States National
Museum, contains a typical example of this species from Florida. The
label has printed upon it the word “Florida,” below which is written
in a German hand the name “Thaxter.” Presumably the specimen
was collected in Florida by Dr. Roland Thaxter, professor of crypto-
gamic botany at Harvard University, who in his early years was an
enthusiastic entomologist, and the name “Thaxter” written on the
Jabel by Dr. Herman August Hagen, who until his death in 1893 had
charge of the insects in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. The
label has been compared with a specimen of Dr. Hagen’s handwriting,
and there appears to be little doubt that the name “Thaxter” was
written on the label by him.
Remarks.—Certain small pale specimens of Danaus berenice strigosa
from Mexico approach D. jamaicensis so very closely as to suggest’
that jamaicensis should be considered as a subspecies of berenice rather
than as a distinct species.
KEY TO THE DANAIDS RECORDED FROM THE UNITED STATES
a’. Ground color of wings dull orange, veins black___-----_--_-____- plexippus
b*. Preapical spots on fore wings light dull orange; apical portion of fore wing
with more or less dull orange; two rows of small white spots in the black
border of hind wing ]22 22 plexippus plexippus (pl. 71, fig. 1)
b*. Preapical spots on fore wings white or whitish; apical portion of fore wing
almost wholly, or quite, black; spots in black border of the hind wing
obsolete or wholly absent in central portion.
plexippus megalippe (pl. 71, fig. 2)
NOTES ON DANAID BUTTERFLIES—CLARK 541
a. Wings except for black border uniform brown, dark or light.
b*, Underside of hind wing with ground color uniform, veins black with white
edgings.
c’. Larger, fore wing more than 40 mm. long; color dark chocolate-brown.
berenice
a. Veins on hind wing above concolorous with ground color.
berenice berenice (pl. 73, fig. 3)
d*, Veins on hind wing above edged with light gray.
berenice strigosa (pl. 73, fig. 4)
c’. Smaller, fore wing less than 40 mm. long; color light yellowish brown.
jamaicensis (pl. 73, figs. 1, 2)
»*. Underside of hind wing with ground color not uniform, having lighter and
darker markings.
ce’. Fore wing above with two large submarginal white spots between veins
2 and 3 and 8 and 4; hind wing below with an are of large, pale, incon-
spicuous, more or less confluent spots parallel with margin midway
between cell and dark border, and with veins narrowly blackish,
eresimus (pl. 74, figs. 1, 2)
ce’. Fore wing above without white spots between veins 2 and 8 and 8 and 4;
hind wing below with a dark line from anterior border along end of
cell and another parallel to and some distance from it, these two lines
fusing at lower end of cell and running as a broad band to inner border
of wing; veins in central portion of wing, except where crossing dark
bands. broadly edged with white_________ cleothera (pl. 74, figs. 3, 4)
DANAUS CANDIDUS, new species
Plate 72, WicurEs 1, 2
Description—U pper surface: White, faintly clouded with pale buff,
with a broad black border including two rows of rather large white
spots, the veins on the hind wings very dark brown narrowly edged
with gray, those on the fore wings edged with lighter brown; cell of
fore wing brown with a broad light streak near the lower border;
between veins 1 and 2, 2 and 3, and 3 and 4 are three large subcirculer
white spots occupying the entire width of the interspace, delimited
interiorly by a faint clouding of the background; there is a similar
spot, situated nearer the margin of the wing, between veins 4 and
5; above this last and in line with the three preceding spots are two
somewhat smaller elongated spots; between these and the end of the
cell are two approximately similar spots, and just within the end of the
cell a triangular or broadly chevron-shaped spot; above the cell spot
~ and each of the two pairs of spots beyond is a white dash on the costal
border. Lower surface: Fore wing with the cell brown, end the
interspaces between the veins brown as far as the submarginal spots,
with a large broadly chevron-shaped white spot between the bases of
veins 2 and 3, a small spot just above this, a long dash along the inner
portion of vein 2 which is continued inward along the lower border
542 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
of the cell half way to the wing base, and a similar dash just above
vein 1; hind wings faintly tinged with dull yellowish, the veins black-
ish brown.
The sexes are similar.
Type—Near Cuzco, Peru, collected by H. A. Jaynes, of the U. 8.
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, now stationed at Jeaner-
ette, La., ¢ (U.S.N.M. No. 53528).
Additional specimen examined —A female, from the same locality,
also collected by Mr. Jaynes.
Remarks.—This species is allied to D. nivosus, of which it may
eventually prove to be merely an extreme form. It is easily dis-
tinguished from nivosus by the almost pure white hind wings and the
much whiter fore wings on which the submarginal white spots between
vens 1 and 2, 2 and 3, and 8 and 4 are larger, the first two reaching
the dark border; the spots in the dark border of the wings are also
larger, and the inner row is complete, the spots in this row being as
large as those in the outer row.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1941
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
issued
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 90 Washington: 1941 No. 3119
A NEW GENUS OF PSAMMOCHARID WASP FROM CHINA
By P..P. Banry
Wuen looking through the undetermined Psammocharidae in the
United States National Museum J found several specimens of an ap-
parently undescribed form that drew my interest. I had already had
a specimen of this species under scrutiny in the American Museum of
Natural History in New York, but had hesitated to describe it from
only one sex. In Washington I found both sexes represented. This
is the first record of the subfamily Notocyphinae from the Asiatic
continent. The general appearance is that of Votocyphus, but the
labrum is not fully extended, a character that made me hesitate at
first to attribute it to the subfamily.
Subfamily NoTOCYPHINAE
SINCTOCYPHUS, new genus
The labrum is broader than long and rounded below as in Ainoio-
cyphus Banks, the other genus of the subfamily, described from the
Philippines. The malar space is exceedingly narrow; the eyes are not
hairy. The antennae are slender. The head basis is more flattened
than in Notocyphus. The tips of the mid and hind tibiae show the
row of small subequal parallel spines—a character of the subfamily—
but a dense pubescence makes them less conspicuous. In the male
the abdomen is rather flattened. The male genitalia show a quite
different construction from those of Votocyphus. Unfortunately no
description of the male genitalia of Minotocyphus is available. The
small spines in pits so prominently mentioned for Minotocyphus are
present on the front coxae as well as the mid and hind legs. The
407001—41 543
544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
claws of the female are bifid; in the male there is a hairy plate where
otherwise the inner tooth is situated.
Genotype.—Sinotocyphus chinensis, new species.
SINOTOCYPHUS CHINENSIS, new species
FIGURE 23
Black with extensive yellow markings on head and thorax; wings of
female yellow with fuscous apical half, of male fuscous with hyaline
base. The entire insect shows a brownish-golden appressed pubes-
cence, with a few short hairs, which are pale on the head and lower
pronotum and dark at the apex of the abdomen,
Female.—Head black, with yellow vertex, front, face above the an-
tennae, and narrow outer orbits; a yellow line between the antennae
as well as one on each side of base of antenna leading down to base
of clypeus. Two small yellow spots on the base of the clypeus in
two of the specimens show that a certain amount of variation in
coloration is to be expected, indicated also by the more or less brown-
ish tinge on clypeus and labrum. Mandibles brown; antennae chest-
nut-brown below, fuscous above. Pronotum on its upper surface
yellow with exception of shoulders, one specimen showing considerable
shrinkage of yellow area; on one specimen a prolonged rectangular
yellow spot on mesonotum reaching from the hind border two-thirds
of its length in front; scutellum and postscutellum in this case also
partly yellow. In other specimens all those yellow spots gradually
disappear, and one specimen shows no trace of them. Abdomen and
legs black with traces of brown on the legs, the front legs especially on
the inner side showing a light-brown coloring. Wings fuscous-
yellow with brown veins, the darker part of the front wing fading
into the yellow of the base gradually, reaching into the first cubital
cell and the apical tip of the first discoidal cell and covering all
the third discoidal cell. In the hind wing the darkening is less
pronounced; it fills the apical half, merging very gradually with
the yellowish base of the wing.
Face rather long and narrow; eyes slightly emarginate; vertex
elevated behind ocelli, which are placed high up on front; hind ocelli
nearer to eyes than to each other; front ocellus somewhat larger than
the two others and separated from them by its diameter. Middle
part of front above base of antennae elevated and cut by a deep nar-
row line, which reaches upward from between the antennae half the
distance to lower ocellus. Clypeus twice as broad as high, truncate
at apex; labrum more than twice as broad as long, rounded; mandibles
with a very inconspicuous small tooth on their inner side far back.
Pronotum moderately prolonged, curved forward with mesonotum;
scutellum and postscutellum elevated; propodeum as long as pronotum,
A NEW WASP FROM CHINA—BABIY 545
Ficure 23.—Sinotocyphus chinensis, new species: a, Head of female; 4, head of male; c,
thorax of female from above; d, apical sternites of male; e, male genitalia (half each of
dorsal and ventral views); /, claw from hind leg of female; g, claw from hind leg of male;
h, tarsi of front leg of male; i, front wing of female.
546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
horizontal, with a distinct median line, deeply cut out behind, the
sides forming rounded vertical lobes; stigma situated at about half
the length of propodeum. Abdomen rather long, longer than head
and thorax together, distinctly compressed, strongly so on the apex;
a slight trace of a depressed line on second sternite near its base.
Front coxae as well as middle and hind tibiae and femora show small
spines in pits; there are no other spines on the long and slender
legs; long spur of hind tibia somewhat longer than half of the basi-
tarsus. In the fore wing the radial cell conspicuously long and
slender; other venation as the figure indicates. Anal vein in hind
wing interstitial with cubital.
Length, 14-24 mm.; wing spread, 29-40 mm.; length of fore wing,
13-19 mm,
Male.—Head black; yellow areas: Face below and between anten-
nae, clypeus, labrum, a triangular spot at base of mandible, broad
inner orbits not reaching the vertex and narrow outer orbits, pos-
terior border of pronotum and two large spots on its sides, seventh
sternite, front coxae on their outer side, and front legs with excep-
tion of a black stripe on upper side. Fore wings fuscous with hyaline
base; hind wings hyaline with fuscous apical half.
Head shorter and broader than in female; eyes more sinuous in the
middle; labrum more tipped and vertex not elevated behind ocelli;
distance between hind ocelli much greater than their distance from
the eyes. Pronotum and propodeum less prolonged, propodeum
showing a considerable amount of silvery pubescence. Abdomen flat-
tened, especially at apex, where fourth and fifth sternite show some
longer dark hairs. Fifth and sixth sternite emarginate in the middle.
Subgenital plate prolonged and rounded with an elevation in the
middle at the base, which gradually disappears against the apex.
Genitalia as shown in figure.
Length, 12-12.5 mm.; wing spread, 23-24 mm.; length of fore wing,
11-12 mm.
Type locality.—Suitu, Szechwan, China.
Holotype, allotype, and paratypes —U.S.N.M. No. 54066. Holo-
type: Female, Suifu, Szechwan, China, D. C. Graham, collector.
Allotype: Male, Szechwan, China, September 12-22, 1934. Para-
types: Female, Maan Chi Shaon, China, October-December 1921,
C. W. Howard, collector; female, Soochow, China, N. Gist Gee, col-
lector; female, Kuanshien, Szechwan, China, August 6-7, 1934, 3,000
feet, D. C. Graham, collector; male, Kuanshien, Szechwan, China,
September 12-22, 1934, 3,000 feet, D. C. Graham, collector; female,
Yen-ping, China, July 26, 1917. The last paratype listed, from
Yen-ping, is deposited in the American Museum of Natural History.
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1941
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
U. S, NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol, 90 Washington: 1941 No. 3120
TWO NEW SPECIES OF CECIDOMYIID FLIES FROM
PHLOX
By Caries T. GREENE
THE two new species of Diptera described below were reared by
Dr. C. R. Neiswander, of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station,
in Ohio from phlox that had been severely damaged. As a result
of experiments conducted by Dr. Neiswander it was discovered that
the new species of Hyperdiplosis was responsible for the injury.
The other new species, which belongs in the genus Lestodiplosis, is
undoubtedly a predator on the former.
Genus HYPERDIPLOSIS Felt
HYPERDIPLOSIS PHLOX, new species
Male—Length 1 to 125 mm, Antenna nearly twice the length
of the body, binodose, brown, yellowish basally; with 14 segments,
the fifth segment with three circumfili (fig. 24, B), the middle cir-
cumfilus slightly shorter than the other two; the basal node rounded,
the other nearly one and one-half times as long as its diameter,
slightly constricted in the middle; the stems varying in length from
three to three and one-half times as long as their diameter. Palpus
pale yellow, slender, quadriarticulate; segments of nearly equal
length. Face pale, almost white. Mesonotum light amber, shining,
in certain lights with a very delicate whitish pruinosity on the sides,
forming two narrow longitudinal stripes; scutellum pale yellow;
407301—41 547
548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 90
metathorax darker, infuscated with brown. Abdomen pale, dull
yellow, the dorsum with a brownish infuscation on the second seg-
ment and also a little before the apex. Genitalia (fig. 24, 4): Basal
segment of clasper large, brown, its length slightly more than twice
its greatest width; inner edge uneven, with a large concavity in the
apical third; two large bristles of unequal length inside, just below
the apical joint; dorsal plate broad, with a broad V-shaped emar-
gination forming two broad lobes each having a deep rounded
emargination that forms two small lobes, the outer one more pointed
and slightly lower; the ventral plate somewhat elliptical, the apical
end with a deep rounded emargination forming two small, slightly
oblique lobes; the style very narrow, rounded at the tip and con-
siderably longer than the basal segment of the clasper. Wing (fig.
24, D) hyaline, costa brown: three long veins; petiole at base of
wing long and narrow. Halteres dark brown, base of the stem pale
yellow. Legs nearly uniformly dark brown, femora paler ventrally.
Female.—Length 1 to 1.25 mm. Very similar to the male. In
some specimens the yellow of the abdomen is a little deeper in color
and sometimes faintly reddish. Antenna with 13 segments, the
fifth (fig. 24, C) with the stem about three times as long as its
diameter; basal enlargement twice as long as its diameter; the cir-
cumfili pale, more distinctly marked in some specimens than in
others. Ovipositor a little longer than broad, the terminal lobes
pale.
Last-instar larva (fig. 24, F, ventral view; /, dorsal view).—
Length 1.75 to 2.5 mm. Body composed of 12 segments in addition
to a small, slightly rounded, retractile head; anterior three segments,
especially the first and second, tapering sharply anteriorly; anterior
two segments much shorter than the following; posterior two seg-
ments tapering slightly toward the caudal end. Color white. Breast
plate Y-shaped, flat, pale amber-yellow; each side of the fork broad,
with a slight narrowing near the base; main stem slightly constricted
below the fork. Antenna cylindrical, about twice as long as its
diameter; located on a broad, flattened tubercle. Posterior segment
with a large pointed tubercle at each posterior angle; below these
a pair of smaller tubercles that are less widely separated than the
others; on each side of the last segment, anterior to the large
tubercle, a pair of pale bristles. The ventral side of segments 2 to
10 each with an ambulatory area having minute spines, arranged
in about four transverse rows.
Type locality—Chagrin Falls, Ohio, June 20, 1938. Other
specimens are from Chagrin Falls, Ohio, June 20 to August 29, 1938,
August 8 to September 19, 1939; Wooster, Ohio, June 29, 1936,
August 9 to 29, 1937, June 25 to July 4, 1938; Canton, Ohio, July 1
NEW CECIDOMYIIDAE FROM PHLOX—GREENE 549
dorsal view
E BR
ventral view aorsal view
Cg
Ficure 24.—Two New Fiises REARED FROM PHLOX
A-F, Hyperdiplosis phlox: A, Male genitalia; B, fifth segment of male antenna; C, fifth
segment of female antenna; D, wing of male (type); £, anteroventral view of Jast-instar
larva; F, posterodorsal view of last-instar larva.
G-L, Lestodiplosis maculipennis: G, Male genitalia; H, fifth segment of female antenna;
I, fifth segment of male antenna; J, wing of male (type); K, anterodorsal view ot last-
instar larva; L, posterodorsal view of last-instar larva.
900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 90
to October 2, 1939. All the material was reared from phlox by Dr.
C. R. Neiswander. Described from numerous specimens.
Type male and 74 paratypes —U. S. N. M. No. 54187.
Genus LESTODIPLOSIS Kieffer
LESTODIPLOSIS MACULIPENNIS, new species
This species is superficially very similar to Hyperdiplosis phlowx
and was reared from the same plant material. The principal
differences are found in the wing, the female antenna, and the male
genitalia.
Male—Length 1.25 mm. Differs from Hyperdiplosis phlow in the
following characters: Antenna about twice the length of the body,
bincdose, mostly pale yellow, with 14 segments, the fifth segment
(fig. 24, 7) with three circumfili; the middle circumfilus shorter than
the other two; the basal node rounded, the upper and lower stems
about three times as long as their diameter. Abdomen pale, dull
yellow, darker on the basal third. Genitalia (fig. 24 @): Basal
segment of clasper large, three times as long as its greatest width;
the apical half much thicker than the basal portion; a pointed pro-
jection on the inner side just below the middle; dorsal plate broad,
very deeply and very narrowly emarginated; each lobe simple and
elliptical in form; ventral plate broad and rounded, with the apical
edge nearly straight; style narrow, broadly round at the apex, slight-
ly longer than the basal segment of the clasper. Wing (fig. 24, J)
with the basal petiole shorter than in phlox,; color pale luteous;
black hairs forming two diagonal crossbands, one in the middle and
the other at the apical portion of the wing; much darker areas at
the apices of all the veins and indefinite spots before and beyond the
apex of the third vein. Halteres pale yellow. Legs nearly uniformly
dark brown, femora paler ventrally.
Female—Length 1 to 125 mm. Like the male except for the
following differences: Antenna with 13 segments, the fifth segment
(fig. 24, H) with the stem as long as the basal enlargement about six
times as long as its greatest diameter and slightly narrower at the
base and near the outer end; basal enlargement twice as long as its
greatest diameter, somewhat constricted in the middle; two circum-
fili, the upper one in narrow loops; the lower loops much broader
and somewhat triangular in shape. Palpus quadriarticulate; basal
segment one-half as long as the second; segments 2 to 4 of equal
length.
Last-instar larva (fig. 24, H, Z).—Length 1.75 to 2.5 mm. Body
composed of 12 segments in addition to the small head, which tapers
sharply anteriorly; first thoracic segment tapering slightly toward
NEW CECIDOMYIIDAE FROM PHLOX—GREENE ash
the head; posterior two segments tapering slightly toward the caudal
end; color in life orange to reddish; breast plate absent. Antenna
slender, cylindrical, tapering anteriorly, about six times as long as
its basal diameter, located on a small, rounded tubercle. Posterior
segment with a large pointed tubercle on each posterior angle; below
these a pair of smaller tubercles that are less widely separated than
the others; a large bristle on each side of the last segment, anterior
to the large tubercle. Segments 1 to 11 each with a dorsal, transverse
row of eight bristles. The ventral side of segments 2 to 10 each with
an ambulatory area having minute spines, arranged in about four
transverse rows.
Type locality—Chagrin Falls, Ohio, August 10, 1939. Other
specimens from Wooster, Ohio, August 9 to 12, 1937; Chagrin Falls,
Ohio, August 24, 1938. All reared from phlox by Dr. C. R.
Neiswander.
Type male and 5 paratypes.—U.S.N.M. No. 54188.
U. S$. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1941
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INDEX
(New genera, species, ete., are printed in italics)
abalienella, Cryptolechia, 199.
Abothrium, 439.
rugosum, 418, 439.
abrupta, Anthophora, 474.
Acampsia formosella, 257.
acanthias, Squalus, 418, 488.
Acanthocottus aeneus, 418, 429, 433.
octodecimspinosus, 418, 421, 430.
Accipiter striatus velox, 487.
Accipitridae, 487.
acertella, Antequera, 270, 275, 276, 278.
Semioscopis, 35, 270.
achrusterus, Turdus migratorius, 511.
aciculata, Borkhausenia, 39.
Acompsia pseudospretella, 259.
acosta, Tachinomyia, 290, 296 (fig.), 297,
299, 302.
Acronycta betulae, 293.
Actitis macularia, 491.
acuta, Kinosternon scorpioides, 457, 458.
acutidens, Xiphotrygon, 353.
acutum, Kinosternon, 457.
adspersus, Tautoglabrus, 418, 435.
aédon, Troglodytes aédon, 506.
aeglefinus, Melanogrammus, 418, 439.
aeneus, Acanthocottus, 418, 429, 433.
Aenocyon dirus, 330, 343, 360, 366.
aeola, Eogrus, 373.
aequa, Amyda, 356.
aereus, Monodontomerus, 462, 465.
aestiva, Dendroica aestiva, 515.
affinis, Enneodon, 319.
Goniopholis, 3382, 361.
Ornithomimus, 332.
Agassizodus, 337.
Agelaius phoeniceus phoeniceus, 521.
agilis, Cimolodon, 319.
Oporornis, 518.
Saniwa, 334.
Thinosaurus, 334, 376.
Agnopteryx, 43.
amissella, 117.
amyrisella, 124.
argillacea, 99.
arnicella, 90.
atrodorsella, 70,
canadensis, 104.
canella, 128.
ciniflonella, 142.
clemensella, 68.
curvilineella, 62.
curviliniella, 62.
fernaldella, 78.
flavicomella, 105.
465456—42——_2
Agnopteryx gelidella, 55.
gracilis, 183, 185.
hyperella, 56.
klamathiana, 142.
lecontella, 94, 96.
muricolorella, 64.
nebulosa, 110.
nigrinotella, 101.
novimundi, 87.
nubiferella, 61.
pergandiella, 116.
plummerella, 74,
posticella, 120.
psoraliella, 121.
pulvipenella, 76.
pulvipennella, 76.
robiniella, 92.
rosaciliella, 83.
sabulella, 111.
sanguinella, 123.
scabella, 72.
senicionella, 107.
thoracefasciella, 136.
thoracenigraeella, 135.
umbraticostella, 130.
Agomphus alabamensis, 362.
Agonopterix, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43-53, 86, 125, 148, 149, 150, 164, 197,
199, 204, 283.
amissella, 48, 50, 52, 117, 282, 286.
amyrisella, 48, 51, 124, 286.
antennariella, 47, 51, 52, 108, 281,
285
arcuella, 45, 46, 49, 538, 58, 60, 62,
280, 284.
arenella, 43.
argillacea, 34, 45, 47, 50, 52, 82, 98,
108, 281, 285.
arnicella, 45, 47, 49, 90, 282.
atrodorsella, 45, 46, 50, 51, 70, 72,
280, 285.
blacella, 45, 99, 100, 101.
blackmori, 45, 114, 116.
cajonensis, 48, 50, 58, 82, 281, 284.
callosella, 45, 111-113.
canadensis, 48, 52, 104, 285.
eanella, 45, 128.
ciniflonella, 142, 144.
clarkei, 45, 48, 50, 51, 66, 281, 284.
clemensella, 47, 50, 52, 68, 280, 284.
cogitata, 45, 128, 129, 130.
conterminella, 56.
costimacula, 48, 49, 52, 102, 281, 285.
costosa, 45, 46, 49, 52, 113, 282, 286.
553
554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 90
Agonopterix curvilineella 46, 49, 53, 62, , Agonopteryx, 33, 43.
280, 284. allenella, 147, 148.
dimorphella, 46, 50, 51, 94, 97, 281,
284.
dryadoxena, 45, 114, 116.
endryopa, 39.
eupatoriiella, 45, 46, 50, 51, 74, 103,
285, 289.
fernaldella, 78.
flavicomella, 46, 49, 52, 105, 281, 285.
fulva, 44, 45, 47, 48, 51, 58, 280, 285.
fusciterminella, 47, 51, 58, 80, 90,
281, 285.
gelidella, 45, 46, 49, 53, 55, 58, 60, 66,
280, 285.
gracilis, 133.
hilarella, 92.
hyperella, 45, 46, 49, 51, 56, 59, 60, 62,
280, 284.
hypericella, 57, 58.
klamathiana, 105, 142.
latipalpella, 45, 46, 50, 52, 118, 282,
286.
lecontella, 47, 94, 97, 98, 285.
lythrella, 45, 46, 49, 58, 59, 280.
muricolorella, 48, 50, 53, 64, 280, 284.
murmurans, 39.
nebulosa, 48, 49, 52, 110, 282,
nigrinotella, 48, 50, 52, 101, 103, 281,
285.
nivalas, 45, 139.
novi-mundi, 48, 50, 87, 281.
nubiferella, 45, 46, 49, 60, 280.
ocellana, 275, 276, 278.
oregonensis, 47, 50, 58, 56, 65, 281,
284.
pallidella, 45, 47, 50, 53, 82, 88, 281,
285.
pergandeella, 48, 49, 116, 281.
pergandiella, 116.
plummerella, 45, 74-76, 103.
posticella, 46, 49, 51, 119, 282, 286.
psoraliella, 44, 47, 49, 52, 121, 281,
286.
pteleae, 45, 46, 50, 51, 72, 280, 285.
pulvipennella, 45, 47, 50, 51, 73, 76,
280, 285.
robiniella, 46, 51, 92, 96-98, 281, 285.
rosaciliella, 47, 50, 58, 88, 281, 285.
rosaciliella echinopanicis, 47, 86.
sabulella, 45, 46, 49, 52, 111, 281, 286.
sanguinella, 48, 50, 128, 282.
scabella, 45, 46, 51, 72, 75, 285.
sciadopa, 45, 105, 144.
senicionella, 48, 50, 52, 107, 281,
285.
serrae, 45, 88-90.
terinella, 45, 88, 89, 90.
testifica, 45, 57.
thelmae, 47, 51, 96, 285.
thoracefasciella, 186.
thoracenigraeella, 135.
umbraticostella, 130.
wate a 47, 50, 53, 78, 281,
285.
walsinghamiella, 78.
Agonopterys, 43.
hyperella, 56.
amissella, 117.
amyrisella, 124.
applana clemensella, 68.
arenella, 80, 81.
argillacea, 99.
arnicella, 90.
atrodorsella, 70.
blacella, 99.
blackmori, 114.
eallosella, 111.
canadensis, 104.
eanella, 128.
ciliella, 83, 86.
ciniflonella, 142.
clarkei, 66.
clemensella, 68.
cogitata, 128.
curvilineella, 62.
eurviliniella, 62.
flavicomella, 105.
fulva, 53.
gelidella, 55.
gracilis, 133.
hyperella, 56, 58.
klamathiana, 142.
latipalpella, 46, 118.
lecontella, 94, 96.
lythrella, 59.
muricolorella, 64.
nebulosa, 75, 110.
nigrinotella, 101, 102.
nivalis, 139.
novimundi, 87.
nubiferella, 60, 61.
pallidella, &8.
pergandeella, 116.
plummerella, 74, 75.
posticella, 120.
psoraliella, 121.
pteleae, 46, 72.
pulvipenneila, 73, 76.
robiniella, 92.
rosaciliella, 83.
sabulella, 111.
sanguinella, 128.
scabella, 72, 75.
senecionella, 107.
serrae, 88.
terinella, 88.
thoracenigraeella, 135.
umbraticostella, 130.
walsinghamella, 78.
walsinghamiella, 78.
Agriochaerus antiquus, 307.
Agriotherium schneideri, 335.
Aimophila aestivalis bachmani, 527.
alabamensis, Agomphus, 362.
Alamosaurus sanjuanensis, 365, 375.
alaskae, Equus, 368.
Equus niobrarensis, 359.
alatum, Lythrum, 60.
Alaudidae, 501.
alba, Crocethia, 491.
albapalpella, Hido, 271.
albastrigilella, Pleurota, 231.
INDEX
albastrigulella, Dorata, 231.
Pleurota, 231, 279, 288.
albertensis, Boremys, 361.
albicollis, Zonotrichia, 528.
albidus, Tetrapterus, 482.
albistrigulella, Pleurota, 231.
alienella, Depressaria, 165, 167, 168, 180
182, 282, 286.
Depressaria emeritella, 180.
Allacodon pumilus, 319.
allenella, Agonopteryx, 147, 148.
Bibarrambla, 147, 275, 276, 278.
Semioscopis, 146, 147.
alleni, Bison, 355, 360.
Pipilo erythrophthalmus, 524.
Prorosmarus, 335.
Allosaurus, 321.
fragilis, 361.
Alnus sp., 148.
Alsophila pometaria, 302.
alstroemeriana, Martyrhilda, 180.
altera, Ammospiza, 527.
alticola, Vireo solitarius, 513.
alticornis, Ceratops, 319.
Alucita formosella, 257.
aluterae, Ancistrocephalus, 418, 423.
Dibothrium, 423.
Amaora, 39.
Ameiridae, 379.
Ameiurus melas, 441.
nebulosus, 418, 441.
americana, Certhia familiaris, 506.
Compsothlypis americana, 515.
Corylus, 193.
Malacosoma, 482.
Morone, 418, 421.
Tomistoma, 334.
americanum, Mammut, 355.
Xanthoxylum, 102.
americanus, Coccyzus americanus, 491.
Hemitripterus, 418, 433, 4385.
Istiophorus, 418, 4382.
Mastodon, 338, 341, 342, 348, 354,
360, 361, 363.
Monodontomerus, 472.
Pseudopleuronectes, 418, 432.
amissella, Agnopteryx, 117.
Agonopterix, 48, 50, 52, 117, 282,
2886.
Agonopteryx, 117.
Depressaria, 117.
Ammodramus caudaeutus diversus, 526.
Ammospiza altera, 527.
caudacuta caudacuta, 526.
caudacuta diversa, 526.
eaudacuta nelsoni, 527.
Amora, 2, 30.
tentaculata, 380.
Amorinae, 30.
Amorpha fruticosa, 98.
Amphicotylidae, 4389.
amplicincta, Epicallima, 247, 250, 251.
Amyda aequa, 356.
virginiana, 331, 370.
Ampyris floridana, 124.
555
amyrisella, Agnopteryx, 124.
Agonopterix, 48, 51, 124, 286.
Agonopteryx, 124.
Depressaria, 124.
Anacampsis sarcitella, 266.
anatum, Falco peregrinus, 488.
anceps, Glyptosaurus, 332, 376.
Ototriton, 382.
Anchistrocephalus microcephalus, 422.
Anchonoma, 228, 229.
Ancistrocephalus, 422.
aluterae, 418, 423.
microcephalus, 418, 422.
andersoni, Struthio, 375.
andium, Equus, 372.
Andrewsarchus, 367.
Anesychia sparcicella, 222.
sparsiciliella, 217, 218, 222.
Angelica sp., 175.
Anguilla rostrata, 418, 424, 440.
angustati, Depressaria, 165, 166, 168,
184, 186, 189, 191, 282, 286.
angustatum, Dibothrium, 427, 428.
Lomatium, 190.
angustidens, Trilophodon, 368.
angustifolia, Arnica, 91.
annectens, Thespesius (Trachodon), 340,
343, 353.
annulatus, Crossotelos, 331, 360.
Labidiasyer, 447, 448.
Anomoedus latidens marylandicus, 331,
377.
Anoncia, 35, 268.
conia, 269, 275-278.
diveni, 269.
episcia, 269.
fasciata, 269.
marinensis, 269.
orites, 269.
sphacelina, 269.
Anosia megalippe, 5386, 537.
antarctica, Endrosis lacteella, 266.
Antennaria luzuloides, 109, 129.
antennariclla, Agonopterix, 47, 51, 52,
108, 281, 285.
antennata, Graptolitha, 293, 300, 302.
Antequera, 35, 270.
acertella, 270, 275, 276, 278.
Anthophora, 478, 474.
abrupta, 474.
bomboides, 474.
occidentalis, 473, 474.
antidectis, Epicallima, 247.
Triclonela, 247, 270.
antipex, Terrapene, 333.
antiquum, Ischyrotherium, 310.
antiquus, Agriochaerns, S07.
Cteniogenys, 382, 377.
Antrodemus (Allosaurus), 321.
fragilis, 321.
Apachea, 36, 40, 42, 44, 197.
barberella, 198, 275-278.
Apatosaurus (Brontosaurus), 341,
Apeltes quadracus, 418, 431.
apicata, Tachinomyia, 288, 290, 293, 296
(fig. ).
506
apolinari, Cistothorus, 508.
applana, Depressaria, 68, 69, 70.
Archaeotherium, 373.
mortoni, 351, 354.
Archilochus colubris, 493.
Arctodus floridanus, 369.
arcuella, Agonopterix, 45, 46, 49, 53, 58,
60, 62, 280, 284.
Ardea sellardsi, 334.
Ardeidae, 487.
arenella, Agonopterix, 43.
Agonopteryx, 80, 81.
Depressaria, 80.
argentata, Halisidota, 295.
argenticinctella, Callima, 254, 255.
Epicallima, 247, 255, 257, 275, 276-
278.
Epicallina, 255.
Oecophora, 255.
Schiffermiilleria, 255.
argentiflua, Euproctis, 467.
argentinus, Monodontomerus, 461.
argillacea, Agnopteryx, 99.
Agonopterix, 34, 45, 47, 50, 52, 82, 98,
103, 281, 285.
Agonopteryx, 99.
Depressaria, 98.
argutula, Sturnella magna, 521.
arizonae, Glyptotherium, 348, 364.
Stegomastodon, 342, 343, 363.
arizonense, Kinosternum, 364.
Arnica angustifolia, 91.
arnicella, Agnopteryx, 90.
Agonopterix, 45, 47, 49, 90, 282.
Agonopteryx, 90.
Depressaria, 90.
Artemisia dracunculoides, 170.
sp., 181, 182.
vulgaris, 67.
artemisiella, Depressaria, 165-168, 181,
282, 286.
ascriptella, Borkhausenia, 239, 240.
Carolana, 36, 240, 274, 276-278.
asio, Otus asio, 492.
Aspideretes latus, 361.
superstei, 375.
Aspidorhynechus, 3388, 355.
asplenifolia, Myrica, 71, 72, 79.
assimilella, Haemylis, 43.
Asterias, 448.
Asteriidae, 447, 448, 455.
Asteriinae, 448, 449.
Asterina, 451, 452.
miniata, 452,
Asteroidea, 455.
astigmatica, Paratheta, 39.
Astrapotherium, 352.
Atheropla, 271.
melichlora, 271.
atkinsi, Sitta carolinensis, 505.
atlantica, Melospiza melodia, 529.
Atlantosaurus immanis, 349.
atlas, Colossochelys, 339, 348.
atomella, Phalaenae Tineae, 43.
atricilla, Larus, 491.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
vou. 90
atrodorsella, Agnopteryx, 70.
Agonopterix, 45, 46, 50, 51, 70, 72,
280, 285.
Agonopteryx, 70.
Depressaria, 70.
atropicta, Cryptolechia, 223, 224.
Inga, 22
atropius, Priscodelphinus, 367.
atrostrigella, Depressaria, 164, 166, 168,
282.
atrox, Lepidosteus, 354.
auduboni, Dryobates villosus, 495.
Aulophyseter morricei, 367.
auratus, Colaptes auratus, 493.
aureus, Senecio, 108.
aurocapillus, Seiurus, 518.
aurorella, Semioscopis, 150, 151, 160, 162,
163, 279, 283.
avellanella, Tinea, 149.
avita, Sula, 335, 374.
Babiy, P. P., on a new genus Of psam-
mocharid wasp from China, 543.
bachmani, Aimophila aestivalis, 527.
Baena inflata, 376.
nodosa, 361.
Baeolophus bicolor, 504.
baini, Pareiasaurus, 356.
bairdi, Mesohippus, 807, 370, 371.
Bairdiella chrysura, 418, 433.
bairdii, Palaeotherium, 307.
bakeri, Monodontomerus, 463, 475, 477.
Balaenoptera sursiplana, 335.
baldwini, Troglodytes aédon, 506.
Balsamorhiza sagittata, 181, 132.
Baluchitherium, 366.
Baptisia tinctoria, 95.
barberella, Apachea, 198, 275-278.
Depressaria, 197, 198.
Basilosaurus, 323, 327.
tea a 323, 338, 340, 341, 343, 351,
53.
bassettella, Euclemensia, 275-278.
Hamadryas, 273.
Bathornis celeripes, 373.
veredus, 384.
Batrachosuchus browni, 867.
bauri, Neurankylus, 361.
beeecatus, Tretulias, 335.
Bee, leaf-cutter (Megachile), 47%.
beleheri, Nepanthia, 452.
bellula, Patiria, 451, 452.
beniteguri, Callionymus, 22.
Calliurichthys, 22.
bentonianum, Trinacromerum, 334, 366.
berendtianum, Cinosternum, 457, 458.
Kinosternon, 458, 459.
berenice, Danaus berenice, 533, 541.
Berry, Willard, on Pamlico fossil echi-
noids, 448.
Betula sp., 196.
betulae, Acronycta, 293.
betulella, Depressaria, 165-167, 191, 195,
282, 286.
INDEX
betulinella, Endrosis, 266, 267.
Lita, 266.
Seardia, 266.
Tinea, 266.
bewicki, Thryomanes bewicki, 507.
Bibarrambla, 36, 40, 41, 48, 146.
allenella, 147, 275, 276, 278.
bicknelli, Hylocichla minima, 512.
bicolor, Baeolophus, 504.
Iridoprocne, 501.
bicornutus, Microphrys, 379.
bicostella, Phalaena Tinea, 2380.
Pleurota, 274, 275, 277.
Bidens, 72.
frondosa, 71.
bilinearis, Merluccius, 418, 427, 436, 437.
Biomyia, 294.
Birds of North Carolina, 483.
Bison, 352. -
alleni, 355, 360.
crassicornis, 356.
latifrons, 351.
occidentalis, 348, 865.
sylvestris, 368.
bispinosus, Gladiunculus, 418, 481.
Bittern, American, 487.
biturgidus, Polydectes, 333, 358.
blacella, Agonopterix, 45, 99-101.
Agonopteryx, 99.
Depressaria, 99.
blackmori, Agonopterix, 45, 114, 116.
Agonopteryx, 114.
Depressaria, 114.
Blastobasidae, 35, 36, 218, 272.
Blepharocera, 252.
haydenella, 252, 253.
Bluebird, eastern, 512.
Blue jay, Florida, 502.
Boavus idelmania, 375.
Bobolink, 521.
Bobwhite, eastern, 489.
boleogenys, Callionymus, 2, 6 (fig.).
bollensis, Stenosaurus, 338, 855.
bomboides, Anthophora, 474.
Bombycilla cedrorum, 513.
Bombycillidae, 513.
Bonasa umbellus, 489.
umbellus monticola, 489.
umbellus togata, 489.
borealis, Dryobates borealis, 497, 499.
Labidiaster, 447, 449.
Plazaster, 449.
boreasella, Borkhausenia, 242.
Decantha, 242, 279, 283.
Oecophora, 242.
Boremys, 364.
albertensis, 361.
boreus, Elephas, 363.
Myiarchus crinitus, 500.
Borkhausenia, 35, 36, 239, 240, 252, 258,
259.
aciculata, 39.
ascriptella, 239, 240.
boreasella, 242.
borkhausenii, 242.
dimidiella, 249.
formosella, 257.
haydenella, 253.
557
Borkhausenia minutella, 259, 278.
pseudosprella, 260.
pseudospretella, 260.
quadrimaculella, 248,
shalleriella, 244.
stipella, 259.
borkhausenii, Borkhausenia, 242.
Decantha, 242, 243, 275, 276, 278.
Oecophora, 241.
bossi, Eurhinodelphis, 360, 362.
Botaurus lentiginosus, 487.
Bothrimonus, 421.
intermedius, 418, 421.
Bothriocephalus, 424, 433.
claviceps, 418, 424, 429.
manubriformis, 418, 432.
plicatus, 422.
restiformis, 418, 432.
seorpii, 418, 424, 426, 429.
sp., 418, 483.
brachidactyla, Geothlypis trichas, 518,
519.
Brachycallionymus, 26.
mirus, 26, 27.
Brachyceratops, 374.
montanensis, 348, 359.
brachyrhynchos, Corvus
chos, 503.
Braconidae, 479.
bractella, Oecophora, 36, 275-278.
Branchiosaurus, 370.
brasiliana, Masiphya, 294.
braunae, Semioscopis, 150, 151, 159, 279,
284.
brevidens, Glyptosaurus, 332, 376.
brevipes, Osmorhiza, 84.
brevivitella, Thema, 231.
bromia, Cyanocitta cristata, 502.
Brontornis, 352.
Brontosaurus, 341.
Brontotherium hatcheri, 343.
browni, Batrachosuchus, 367.
Camptosaurus, 321, 343.
brunneus, Callionymus, 2, 11, 12 (fig.).
Buettneria, 375, 376.
Bunting, eastern painted, 523.
eastern snow, 580.
indigo, 523.
Buteo jamaicensis jamaicensis, 487.
lineatus lineatus, 488.
platypterus platypterus, 488.
Butterflies, danaid, notes on some North
and Middle American, 531.
Butterfly, milkweed, 531.
monarch, 531, 535, 536.
Bystra nanus, 331, 364.
brachyrhyn-
caballus, Equus, 3850.
eaelata, Hoplochelys, 357.
caerulea, Polioptila caerulea, 512.
caerulea, Florida caerulea, 487.
caerulescens, Dendroica caerulescens.
516.
cairnsi, Dendroica caerulescens, 516.
cajonensis, Agonopterix, 48, 50, 53, 82,
281, 284.
calendula, Corthylio calendula, 512.
908
calicornis, Triceratops, 319, 341.
californicus, Parapavo, 365.
Smilodon, 330, 366.
Callima, 254, 255.
argenticinctella, 254, 255.
Callionymidae, new fishes of the family
obtained by the Albatross, 1.
Callionyminae, 2.
Callionymus, 1, 2, 29.
beniteguri, 22.
boleogenys, 2, 6 (fig.).
brunneus, 2, 11, 12 (fig.).
distethommatus, 2, 17 (fig.), 18.
fimbriatus, 30.
flagris, 23.
goramensis, 29, 30.
hudsoni, 2, 8, 9 (fig.), 18.
japonicus, 22.
keeleyi, 2, 14, 15 (fig.).
leucobranchialis, 2, 19, 20 (fig.).
longi, 2, 10 (fig.)
maldivensis, 4.
margaretae, 4.
marisinensis, 2, 7, & (fig.), 18.
neptunia, 21.
ocellatus, 26.
opercularioides, 26, 27.
opercularis, 26.
punctilateralis, 2, 13, 14 (fig.).
punctulatus, 26.
reevesi, 22.
sagitta, 22.
scabriceps, 2, 4, 5 (fig.).
schaapii, 16, 17 (fig.).
simplicicornis, 22.
splendidus, 26.
umbrithorag, 2, 3 (fig.).
valenciennei, 22.
valenciennesi, 22.
Calliurichthys beniteguri, 22.
valenciennesi, 22.
Callopatiria, 452.
callosella, Agonopterix, 45, 111-118.
Agonopteryx, 111.
Depressaria, 111.
ealvertensis, Delphinus, 311, 312, 377.
Istiophorus, 331.
Psephophorus, 357.
Squalodon, 364.
Camarasaurus, 339, 342, 373, 375.
lentus, 330, 339.
Camelops, 355.
Campodus (Agassizodus) variabilis, 337,
865.
Camptosaurus, 321.
browni, 321, 343.
nanus, 319, 321, 348, 358.
cana, Tachinomyia, 290, 297, 298,
canadensis, Agnopteryx, 104.
Agonopterix, 48, 52, 104, 285.
Agonopteryx, 104.
Depressaria, 104.
Wilsonia, 520.
canariella, Cryptolechia, 222.
Inga, 218, 219, 220, 222, 279, 283.
Machimia, 219, 222.
ceanaster, Pipilo erythrophthalmus, 524, | Catoptrophorus
525.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOL. 9C
eancella, Tinea, 235.
eanerella, Carcina, 235.
Cancrincola, 379, 385.
jamaicensis, 379, 385.
plumipes, 379, 383 (fig.).
wilsoni, 379, 385.
candidus, Danaus, 541.
eanella, Agnopteryx, 128.
Agonopterix, 45, 128,
Agonopteryx, 128.
Depressaria, 125, 128.
M eee 125-128, 140, 275, 276,
78,
caniceps, Sitta pusilla, 506.
Canis oreutti, 361.
riviveronis, 335.
canquelensis, Scarritia, 343, 374.
eapellina, Scelidodon, 330, 374.
Caprimulgidae, 492,
Caprimulgus, 492.
carolinensis, 492.
Carcharhinus, 331.
Carcharias incidens, 331.
Carcina, 35, 39, 41, 42, 199, 233.
eancrella, 235.
fagana, 2385.
quereana, 34, 234, 274, 275, 277.
Cardinal, eastern, 523.
eardinalis, Richmondena ecardinalis, 523.
Cardiocephalus, 361.
Cardisoma guanhumi, 379.
caribbaeus, Tylosurus, 418, 432.
earitella, Gerdana, 272, 276, 278.
carnegii, Diplodocus, 358.
Carolana, 36, 40-42, 239.
ascriptella, 36, 240, 274, 276-278.
carolinensis, Caprimulgus, 492.
Dumetella, 510.
Junco hyemalis, 527.
Myrica, 79.
Penthestes carolinensis, 504.
Sitta carolinensis, 505.
Zenaidura macroura, 491.
earolinus, Centurus, 494.
Carum carvi, 173.
Carya, 102.
ovata, 34, 216.
pecan, 34, 216.
sp., 102.
cate, Psilocorsis, 34, 205-207, 215, 279,
283.
Caryophyllaeidae, 419.
Caryophyllaeus, 419.
terebrans, 418, 419.
Cassidix major torreyi, 522.
mexicanus major, 521.
mexicanus westoni, 522.
castanea, Dendroica, 517.
Castanea, 34.
dentata, 201.
Castoroides ohioensis, 349, 352.
casuarius, Dinornis, 348.
Catocala micronympha fratercula, 3802.
sp., 293.
semipalmatus semi-
palmatus, 491.
INDEX
catostomi, Glaridacris, 418, 419.
Catostomus commersonii, 418, 419.
Caturus, 338, 355.
caudacuta, Ammospiza caudacuta, 526.
cavifrons, Symbos, 359, 862, 375.
Cecidomyiid flies, two new species from
Phlox, 547.
cecropia, Samia, 482.
cedrorum, Bombycilla, 513.
celeripes, Bathornis, 373.
cementarium, Sceliphron, 470.
Centropristes striatus, 418, 488.
Centurus carolinus, 494.
Ceophloeus pileatus pileatus, 494.
Cephalanthus occidentalis, 201.
Cephalotropis coronatus, 3835.
Ceratacanthus schoepfi, 418, 428, 435.
Ceratomeryx prenticei, 373.
Ceratops alticornis, 319.
montanus, 319.
Ceratosaurus, 321.
nasicornis, 319, 321, 341, 343.
Certhia familiaris americana, 506.
Certhiidae, 506.
Cestode parasites of teleost fishes of
mucens Hole Region, Massachusetts,
417.
cetoides, Basilosaurus, 323, 338, 340, 341,
348, 351, 353.
Cetotherium crassangulum, 3385, 361.
megalophysum, 335.
Chaetochilus trimaculellus, 271.
Chalcididae, 479.
Chalcid-flies of the genus Monodonto-
merus in the United States National
Museum, 461.
Chambersia, 40-42, 252.
haydenella, 86, 252, 258, 274, 276,
277, 278.
pseudospretella, 36.
Chamops denticulatus, 331, 376.
segnis, 331, 376.
Charadriidae, 490.
Charadrius, 490.
wilsonia wilsonia, 490.
Chat, yellow-breasted, 520.
Chelonia marylaindica, 332.
Chelydra laticarinata, 332.
seulpta, 332.
Chen pressa, 371.
Chickadee, Carolina, 504.
North Carolina, 504.
Chicora meteorite, 387.
chilomycteri, Ligula, 418, 420.
Chilomycterus schoepfi, 418, 420.
China, a new genus of psammocharid
wasp from, 548.
chinensis, Sinotocyphus, 544, 545 (fig.).
Chondestes grammacus strigatus, 527.
Chrysia, 247.
chrysops, Stenotomus, 418, 435.
chrysoptera, Vermivora, 514.
chrysura, Bairdiella, 418, 433.
Chuck-will’s-widow, 492, 493.
chuss, Urophycis, 418, 429, 435, 438.
Cicuta occidentalis, 177.
509
ciliella, Agonopteryx, 83, 86.
Cryptolechia, 227.
Depressaria, 83.
Inga, 218-220, 227, 279, 283.
Machimia, 219, 227,
Cimolodon agilis, 319.
cinerea, Phryganeutis, 231,
cinereocostella, Depressaria, 34, 165, 167,
168, 171, 178, 283, 286.
ciniflonella, Agnopteryx, 142.
Agonopterix, 142, 144.
Agonopteryx, 142.
Depressaria, 142.
Martyrhilda, 144, 146.
Cinosternon effeldtii, 457.
Cinosternum berendtianum, 457, 458.
leucostomum, 457.
ciris, Passerina ciris, 528.
Cistothorus, 508, 509.
apolinari, 508.
platensis stellaris, 509.
stellaris, 508.
citrea, Protonotaria, 514.
citrina, Wilsonia, 520.
Cladodus formosus, 355.
Claosaurus, 353.
Clark, Austin H., on some North and
Middle American danaid butterflies,
531.
Clarke, J. F. Gates, on revision of the
North American moths of the family
Oecophoridae, with descriptions of
new genera and species, 33.
clarkei, Agonopterix, 45, 48, 50, 51, 66,
281, 284.
Agonopteryx, 66.
Depressaria, 67.
clarkianus, Siphonecetus, 335.
clarkii, Synechodus, 331.
clausella, Depressaria, 172.
claviceps, Bothriocephalus, 418, 424, 429.
clemensella, Agnopteryx, 68.
Agonopterix, 47, 50, 52, 68, 280, 284.
Agonopteryx, 68.
Agonopteryx applana, 68.
Depressaria, 68.
Gelechia, 68.
cleothera, Danaus, 582, 538, 539, 541.
Clestobothrium, 436.
crassiceps, 418, 436.
Clidastes, 368.
velox, 358.
Clisiocampa thoracia, 295.
Clupea harengus, 418, 425, 433.
coccinea, Patiria, 451.
Cocecyzus americanus americanus, 491.
erythropthalmus, 492.
cogitata, Agonopterix, 45, 128, 129, 130.
Agonopteryx, 128.
Depressaria, 128.
Martyrhilda, 129, 130.
Colaptes auratus auratus, 493.
auratus luteus, 493.
Colinus virginianus virginianus, 489.
coloradella, Epicallima, 247.
Ethmia, 247.
560
Colossochelys atlas, 339, 348.
colubris, Archilochus, 493.
columbarius, Falco columbarius, 488.
columbi, Elephas, 338, 347, 355, 358.
Columbidae, 491.
commersonii, Catestomus, 418, 419.
complicatus, Equus, 347.
compressus, Platygonus, 377.
Compsemys victus, 310.
Compsothypidae, 514.
Compsothlypis americana americana,
515.
americana pusilla, 515.
comstocki, Pseudococcus, 258.
concolorella, Cryptolechia, 221.
Inga, 218-221, 228, 279, 283.
Machimia, 219, 221.
confertella, Depressaria, 200, 201.
Machimia, 200, 201.
conia, Anoncia, 269, 275-278.
Hypatopa, 268.
Coniophis precedens, 319.
consors, Kinosternon cruentatum, 458.
conterminella, Agonopterix, 56.
contrariella, Cryptolechia, 223.
Inga, 223.
conulus, Oracodon, 319.
eooki, Diceratherium, 330, 343, 358, 364.
copeanus, Myliobatis, 331.
Copepod, a new harpacticoid, from the
gill chambers of a marsh crab, 379.
Corallobothrium, 441.
fimbriatum, 418, 441.
giganteum, 441.
solidum, 441.
cordata, Osmia, 470.
cordillerum, Mastodon, 3855.
Coreopsis, 72.
cornuta, Osmia, 470.
Coronaster, 477.
coronata, Dendroica coronata, 516.
coronatus, Cephalotropis, 335.
Corthylio calendula calendula, 512.
Corvidae, 502.
Corvus brachyrhynchos
chos, 503.
brachyrhynchos paulus, 503.
corax principalis, 503.
ossifragus, 504.
Corylus americana, 193.
coryphaeus, Platecarpus, 368.
Coryphodon, 371, 874.
corystopa, Depressaria, 39.
Corythosaurus, 339, 375.
Coscinasteriinae, 449.
Cosmopterygidae, 35, 268, 269.
costimacula, Agonopterix, 48, 49, 52,
102, 281, 285.
Cotoneaster pyracantha, 236.
costosa, Agonopterix, 45, 46, 49, 52, 113,
282, 286.
Depressaria, 113.
Haemylis, 114.
Crab, littoral (Sesarma pictum), 879.
marsh (Sesarma reticulatum), a
new harpacticoid copepod from
the gill chambers, 379.
brachyrhyn-
i
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
vou. 90
Crab, red land
cheir), 379.
spider (Microphrys bicornutus), 879.
white land (Cardisoma guanhumi),
379.
crassa, Nepanthia, 453 (fig.).
Parasterina, 455.
Patiria, 451, 452.
Saniwa, 334.
crassangulum, Cetotherium, 335, 361.
Priseodelphinus, 335.
crassicauda, Hypsibema, 382, 358.
crassiceps, Clestobothrium, 418, 486.
Dibothrium, 4387, 488.
erassicornis, Bison, 3856.
crassus, Dinornis, 3388.
Hmeus, 344.
Enneodon, 319.
Priconodon, 319.
Thinosaurus, 834, 376.
creaseri, Kinosternon, 459.
Creeper, brown, 506.
eressonella, Cryptolechia, 212.
eretacea, Cryptolechia, 225.
Inga, 218-220, 225, 279, 283.
Machimia, 219, 225.
erinitus, Myiarchus crinitus, 500.
cristata, Cyanocitta cristata, 502.
Crocethia alba, 491.
Crocodylus, 370.
Crossotelos annulatus, 331, 360.
Crow, eastern, 508.
southern, 503.
cruentatum, Kinosternon, 458, 459.
crumenophthalmus, Trachurops,
428
(Sesarma haemato-
418,
Cryptasterias, 448.
Cryptolechia, 199, 200, 206, 218, 219.
abalienella, 199.
atropicta, 223, 224.
eanariella, 222.
ciliella, 227.
concolorella, 221.
contrariella, 223.
eressonella, 212.
eretacea, 225.
eryptolechiaeella, 210.
eryptolechiella, 210.
diligenda, 203, 204.
dubitatella, 211.
(Psilocorsis) dubitatella, 211.
faginella, 213.
ferruginosa, 214.
fletcherella, 216.
huachucella, 202, 203.
humata, 220.
inscitella, 223, 224,
obscuromaculella, 226.
obsoletella, 209.
quercicella, 207, 210, 211, 214, 216.
reflexella, 212.
sparsiciliella, 222.
tentoriferella, 200.
trigama, 219, 224.
eryptolechiaeella, Cryptolechia, 210,
INDEX
eryptolechiella, Cryptolechia, 210.
Depressaria, 210.
Hagno, 210.
Psilocorsis, 206, 210, 215.
Cteniogenys antiquus, 332, 377.
cubensis, Monodontomerus, 462, 466.
Cuckoo, black-billed, 492,
yellow-billed, 491.
Cuculidae, 491.
culbertsoni, Oreodon, 351.
Testudo, 309, 388, 351.
eulcitella, Martyrhilda, 184.
eumberlandensis, Platygonus, 348, 359.
cupreus, Monodontomerus, 461.
Curlew, Hudsonian, 490.
curvilineella, Agnopteryx, 62.
Agonopterix, 46, 49, 53, 62, 280, 284.
Agonopteryx, 62.
Depressaria, 62.
curviliniella, Agnopteryx, 62.
Agonopteryx, 62.
Depressaria, 62.
cuvieri, Megatherium, 339, 348.
cyanea, Passerina, 523.
Cyanocitta cristata bromia, 502.
cristata cristata, 502.
florineola, 502.
Cyathocephalidae, 420.
Cyclopterus lumpus, 418, 431.
Cynoglossum grande, 81.
Cytisus scoparius, 115.
Dactylopus, 2.
dakotensis, Tachinomyia, 289, 290, 302.
Danaid butterflies, notes on some North
and Middle American, 531.
Danais archippus nigrippus, 536, 537.
Danaus, 582.
berenice, 541.
berenice berenice, 533, 541.
berenice strigosa, 538, 540, 541.
candidus, 541.
cleothera, 532, 533, 5389, 541.
eresimus, 533, 540, 541.
erippus, 531, 587.
fumosus, 538.
jamaicensis, 532, 583, 540, 541.
megalippe, 534, 535, 538.
nivosus, 533, 542.
plexippus, 531, 582, 533, 534, 535,
536, 587, 538, 539, 540.
plexippus megalippe, 5382, 533, 536,
5388, 540.
plexippus plexippus, 532, 533, 538,
539, 540.
plexippus portoricensis, 533, 589.
plexippus tobagi, 533, 588.
Dasycera, 237.
newmanella, 236, 2387.
Dasycerus, 237.
Dasypotherium, 352.
debooyi, Nesotrochis, 376.
Decantha, 39, 41, 42, 241.
boreasella, 242, 279, 283.
borkhausenii, 242, 248,
278.
465456—42——3
275, 276,
561
Decapterus macarellus, 418.
punctatus, 418, 433.
Delphinodon dividum, 3857.
Delphinus calvertensis, 311, 312, 377.
Dendroica aestiva aestiva, 515.
caerulescens caerulescens, 516.
caerulescens cairnsi, 516.
castanea, 517.
ecoronata coronata, 516.
discolor discolor, 517.
dominica dominica, 517.
fusea, 516.
magnolia, 515.
palmarum palmarum, 517.
pensylvanica, 517.
pinus pinus, 517.
tigrina, 515.
virens virens, 516.
virens waynei, 516.
dentata, Castanea, 201.
dentatus, Paralichthys, 418, 427, 4384.
denticulatus, Chamops, 831, 376.
dentipes, Monodontomerus, 463, 477, 480.
Torymus, 477.
Depressaria, 33, 36, 38-41, 48, 44, 86,
149, 150, 163, 168, 197.
alienella, 165, 167, 168, 180, 182, 282,
286.
amissella, 117.
amyrisella, 124.
angustati, 165, 166, 168, 184, 186,
189, 191, 282, 286.
applana, 68, 69, 70.
arenella, 80.
argillacea, 98.
arnicella, 90.
artemisiae dracunculi, 164, 166, 168,
169, 282, 286.
artemisiella, 165-168, 181, 282, 286.
atrodorsella, 70.
atrostrigella, 164, 166, 168, 282.
barberella, 197, 198.
betulella, 165-167, 191, 195, 282, 286.
blacella, 99.
blackmori, 114.
callosella, 111.
canadensis, 104.
canella, 125, 128.
ciliella, 83.
cinereocostella, 34, 165, 167, 168, 171.
173, 283, 286.
ciniflonella, 142.
elarkei, 67.
elausella, 172.
clemensella, 68.
cogitata, 128.
econfertella, 200, 201.
corystopa, 389.
costosa, 1138.
eryptolechiella, 210.
ecurvilineella, 62,
curviliniella, 62.
depunctella, 114.
dracunculi, 164, 169.
dryadoxena, 114.
eleanorae, 165, 167, 168, 178, 283, 286.
emeritella, 180, 181.
562
Depressaria emeritella alienella, 180.
eupatoriiella, 74.
fernaldella, 78, 200.
flavicomella, 105.
fulva, 53.
gelidella, 55.
gracilis, 133.
groteella. 192.
grotellu, 165-168, 192, 195, 196, 282,
286.
heracliana, 34, 165, 167, 168, 178,
274, 276-278.
hilarella, 92.
juliella, 165, 167, 168, 176, 178, 179,
288, 286.
klamathiana, 142.
latipalpella, 118.
lecontella, 94, 96.
leptotaeniae, 38, 166-168, 182, 184—
186, 283, 286.
lythrella, 59.
maculatella, 165-168, 198, 194, 196,
282, 286.
multifidae, 38, 165-168, 186, 187, 189,
190, 282, 286.
muricolorella, 64.
nebulosa, 110.
nervosa, 165, 178.
nigrinotella, 101.
nivalis, 139.
novimundi, 87.
nubiferella, 60.
nymphidia, 389.
ontariella, 174, 175.
pallidella, 88.
palousella, 164, 166, 168, 171, 286.
parilella novi-mundi, 87.
pergandeella, 116.
plummerella, 74,
posticella, 119.
psoraliella, 121.
pteleae, 73.
pulvipennella, 74, 76.
robiniella, 92.
rosaciliella, 8&3.
rosiciliella, 83.
sabulella, 111.
sanguinella, 123.
seabella, 72.
scabrella, 72.
sciadopa, 144.
senecionella, 107.
seniciella, 107.
senicionella, 107.
serrae, 88.
solidaginis, 76.
symmochlota, 192,
terinella, 88.
testifica. 56, 57.
thoracefasciella, 136.
thoracenigraeella, 135.
thoracifasciella, 136.
togata, 165, 190, 283.
umbraticostella, 130.
walsinghamella, 78.
whitmani, 166-168, 182, 189, 282,
286.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
vou. 90
Depressaria yakimae, 38, 166-168, 171,
185, 283, 286.
yeatiana, 80.
depunctella, Depressaria, 114.
Haemylis, 114.
Pinaris, 114.
Tinea, 114.
Dermestes, 175.
Desmostylus, 872.
hesperus, 360.
determinatella, Triclonella, 270.
Diadectes, 364.
dianthidii, Monodontomerus, 462, 464,
Dianthidium, 465.
diaphanus, Zygonectes, 418, 429, 441.
Diatryma, 375.
gigas, 339.
steinii, 363.
Dibothrium aluterae, 423.
angustatum, 427, 428.
crassiceps, 487, 438.
manubriforme, 432.
microcephalum, 422, 423.
plicatum, 422.
punctatum, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430,
432.
restiforme, 432.
rugosum, 4389.
Dicallionymus, 2, 29.
goramensis, 30.
Diceratherium, 327, 343, 364.
cooki, 330, 343, 358, 364.
Diceratops, 341.
Dicynodon kolbei, 367.
didiformis, Dinornis, 348.
dilatata, Taenia, 440.
diligenda, Cryptolechia, 203, 204.
Dimetrodon, 339, 342, 375.
gigas, 348, 361.
incivius, 358.
dimidiella, Borkhausenia, 249.
Epicallima, 247, 249.
Oecophora, 248.
Schiffermueileria, 249, 250.
Schiffermiilleria, 249.
dimorphella, Agonopterix, 46, 50, 51, 94,
97, 281, 284.
Dinictis major, 353.
Dinoceras, 340, 341.
Dinornis, 341.
easuarius, 348.
crassus, 338.
didiformis, 348.
giganteus, 348.
gracilis, 348.
maximus, 343.
Dinosauria, 330.
Dinotherium, 341.
Diphyllobothriidae, 420.
Diplasterias, 448.
Diplocaulus, 361.
Diplodocus, 327.
earnegii, 358.
longus, 319, 341, 342, 348, 366.
Diprion nipponicum, 480.
pini, 478.
simile, 479.
—————
INDEX
Diracodon laticeps, 321,
dirus, Aenocyon, 330, 343, 860, 366.
Disasterina, 451.
discolor, Dendroica discolor, 517.
dispar, Porthetria, 298, 302.
disposita, Graptolitha, 300.
distans, Testudo, 833.
distethommatus, Callionymus, 2, 17
(fig.), 18.
divaricata, Osmorhiza, 84.
diveni, Anoncia, 269.
diyersa, Ammospiza caudacuta, 526.
diversus, Ammodromus caudacutus, 526.
dividum, Delphinodon, 357.
dolichoderius, Plesiosaurus, 352.
Dolichonyx oryzivorus, 521.
dominica, Dendroica dominica, 517.
Dorata albastrigulella, 231,
dorisiae, Paralbula, 377.
Dove, eastern mourning, 491.
Draculinae, 31.
Draculo, 2, 31.
dracunculi, Depressaria, 164, 169.
Depressaria artemisiae, 164, 166,
168, 169, 282, 286.
dracunculoides, Artemisia, 170.
Dragonflies, 536.
Dromomeryx, 371.
Drosophila, 185.
dryadoxena, Agonopterix, 45, 114, 116.
Depressaria, 114.
Dryobates borealis borealis, 497, 499.
borealis hylonomus, 498.
pubescens medianus, 496, 497.
pubescens pubescens, 496.
yillosus auduboni, 495.
villosus villosus, 495.
Dryosaurus grandls, 332.
dubitatella, Cryptolechia, 211.
Cryptolechia (Psilocorsis), 211.
Psilocorsis, 206, 211.
dueateli, Testudo, 333.
Dumetella carolinensis, 510.
durinasus, Metopocetus, 335, 361.
Dyoplosaurus, 369.
Dystrophaeus viaemalae, 309, 346.
Echinoids, Pamlico fossil, 443.
Echinopanax, 85.
horridum, 84, 86.
echinopanicis, Agonopterix rosaciliella,
47, 86.
Echmatemys rivalis, 356.
Ectoganus gliriformis, 371.
Edaphosaurus, 364.
Edestus heinrichii, 364.
mirus, 358.
edithella, Epicallima, 247, 250.
Schiffermuelleria, 250.
Schiffermiileria, 247, 248, 250, 278,
283.
Edmontosaurus regalis, 330, 372.
effeldtii, Cinosternon, 457.
Egret, snowy, 487.
Egretta, 487.
garzetta, 487.
EHido, 271.
albapalpella, 271.
563
elatus, Moropus, 330, 343, 372,
Triceratops, 340, 341, 348, 351.
eleanorae, Depressaria, 165, 167, 168,
178, 283, 286.
elephantopus, Palapteryx, 348.
Blephas, 866, 368.
boreus, 863.
columbi, 338, 847, 355, 35S.
ganesa, 352.
imperator, 355,
primigenius, 323, 847, 361.
roosevelti, 354.
Pleutherochir, 1, 26.
mecaddeni, 27, 28 (fig.).
opercularioides, 27.
opercularis, 26, 29.
emarginata, Osmia, 470.
emarginatus, Monodontomerus, 463, 475.
476.
emeritella, Depressaria, 180, 181.
Emeus crassus, 344.
emmedonia, Nephelodes, 298.
Empidonax minimus, 500.
virescens, 500.
Enecope, 444.
michelini, 448, 444.
Endrosis, 35-87, 40-42, 259, 262.
betulinella, 266, 267.
fenestrella, 266, 267.
ferrestrella, 266.
kennicottella, 266.
kennikotella, 266.
lacteella, 264.
lacteella antarctica, 266.
lactella, 34, 264, 274, 276, 278.
sarcitella, 266, 267.
subditella, 266, 267.
endryopa, Agonopterix, 389.
Enicostoma packardella, 151.
Enneodon affinis, 319.
erassus, 319.
ensidens, Saniwa, 334, 343.
Entozoa, 426.
Eogrus aeola, 373.
Eohippus, 3875.
Epeleustia, 43.
Epicallima, 40-42, 247, 254.
amplicineta, 247, 250, 251.
antidectis, 247.
argenticinctella, 247, 255, 257, 275-
278.
coloradella, 247.
dimidiella, 247, 249.
edithella, 247, 250.
formosella, 247, 255, 257, 270, 288.
lucidella, 247, 251.
quadrimaculella, 247, 248.
rostrigera, 247.
Epicallina argenticinctella, 255.
Epigaulus batecheri, 341, 343.
Epigraphia, 149.
eruditella, 152.
merrickella, 153.
packardella, 151.
steinkellneriana, 152,
episcia, Anoncia, 269.
Epyornis maximus, 338.
equicomes, Testudo, 833, 366.
158.
564
Equus, 350.
alaskae, 368.
andium, 3872.
caballus, 350.
complicatus, 3847,
lambei, 362, 367.
niobrarensis alaskae, 359.
occidentalis, 330, 349, 357, 372.
Erannis tiliaria, 302.
eresimus, Danaus, 533, 540, 541.
Ereunetes pusillus, 491.
Hrigeron sp., 91.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOL. 90
Fagus grandifolia, 34, 215.
Falco columbarius columbarius, 488.
peregrinus anatum, 488,
Sparverius sparverius, 488.
Falconidae, 488.
fasciata, Anoncia, 269.
fax, Palaeocrex, 334.
faxoni, Hylocichla guttata, 511.
Feldspar, 411.
Felichthys, 376.
stauroforus, 331.
fenestrella, Endrosis, 266, 267.
Hriophyllum lantanum typicum, 112, | fenneri, Hypsognathus, 368.
113.
stachaedifolium, 112, 113.
erippus, Danaus, 531, 587.
eruditella, Hpigraphia, 152.
Eryops, 358.
erythrocephalus,
cephalus, 494.
erythrogaster, Hirundo rustica, 501.
erythromelas, Piranga, 522.
erythrophthalmus, Pipilo erythrophthal-
mus, 524, 525.
erythropthalmus, Coecyzus, 492.
Esperia, 237.
Ethmia, 247.
coloradella, 247.
Ethmiidae, 35, 36, 247, 271.
Euarctos vitabilis, 343.
Huclemensia, 273.
bassettella, 276-278.
Hudrosis lacteella, 266.
Eumeyrickia, 35, 271.
trimaculella, 274, 276-278.
eupatoriiella, Agonopterix, 45, 46, 50,
51, 74, 103, 285, 289.
Depressaria, 74.
Eupatorium sp., 71, 72, 75.
euphonia, Melospiza melodia, 529.
EKupleuris, 230.
HKuploea megalippe, 536.
Euproctis argentifiua, 467.
EHurhinodelphis, 3866, 371, 377.
bossi, 360, 362.
Eusmilus sicarius, 371.
Evasterias, 448.
BHyesthes jordani, 361.
exilis, Iguanavus, 832, 376.
eximius, Hyrachyus, 348, 370.
HEXxocoetus volitans, 418, 433.
Exorista, 287.
extimus, Penthestes carolinensis, 504.
extrematis, Spiloeryptus, 482.
eyermani, Puffinus, 354.
Melanerpes' erythro-
Fabiola, 36, 40-42, 242, 244.
shaleriella, 244, 246, 275, 276, 278.
shalleriella, 244.
tecta, 246, 278.
fagana, Carcina, 235.
Phalaenae Tortrix, 235.
Tortrix, 235.
faganella, Lampros, 2385.
faginella, Cryptolechia, 213.
Hagno, 204, 213.
Psilocorsis, 34, 38, 205-207, 213, 216,
279, 283.
fernaldella, Agnopteryx, 78.
Agonopterix, 78.
Depressaria, 78, 200.
Machimia, 200, 201.
ferox, Labrosaurus, 319.
ferrestrella, Endrosis, 266.
ferrieri, Lissoprion, 357.
ferruginea, Limanda, 418, 482.
ferruginosa, Cryptolechia, 214.
Psilocorsis, 205, 214, 215.
fimbriatum, Corallobothrium, 418, 441.
fimbriatus, Callionymus, 30.
Fisher, Walter K., on a new genus of sea
stars (Plazaster) from Japan, with a
note on the genus Parasterina, 447.
Fishes, new, of the family Calliony-
midae, mostly Philippine, obtained by
the Albatross, 1.
teleost, cestode parasites of, 417.
Fistulicola, 422.
plicatus, 418, 422.
flagellator, Zarhachis, 364.
flagris, Callionymus, 23.
flammella, Rhinosia, 257, 258.
flavicomella, Agnopteryx, 105.
Agonopterix, 46, 49, 52, 105, 281,
285.
Agonopteryx, 105.
Depressaria, 105.
flavifrons, Vireo, 513.
fletcherella, Cryptolechia, 216.
Psilocorsis, 205-207, 216, 283.
Flicker, northern, 493.
southern, 493.
Flies, cecidomyiid, from Phlox, 547.
tachinid, of the genus Tachinomyia,
287.
Florida caerulea caerulea, 487.
floridana, Amyris, 124.
Querquedula, 335.
floridanus, Arctodus, 369.
floridensis, Tachinomyia, 287, 288, 289,
293.
florincola, Cyanocitta, 502.
Flounder, winter, 482.
Flycatcher, Acadian, 500.
least, 500.
northern crested, 500.
forficella, Tinea, 230.
formosa, Terrapene, 333.
formosella, Acampsia, 257.
Alucita, 257.
Borkhausenia, 257.
Epicallima, 247, 255, 257, 279, 288.
Lamprus, 257.
INDEX
formosella, Oecophora, 257.
Phalaenae Tineae, 257.
Schiffermiilleria, 257.
Tinea, 257.
formosus, Cladodus, 355.
Oporornis, 518.
fossiger, Teleoceras, 322, 340, 348, 351.
foulkii, Hadrosaurus, 339.
foveatus, Trionyx, 310.
Fowler, Henry W., on new fishes of the
family Callionymidae, mostly Philip-
pine, obtained by the Albatross, 1.
fraasi, Metoposaurus, 354.
fragilis, Allosaurus, 361.
Antrodemus, 321.
fratercula, Catocala micronympha, 302.
frianti, Nardoa, 455.
Fringillidae, 523.
frondosa, Bidens, 71.
fruticosa, Amorpha, 98.
fulva, Agonopterix, 44, 45, 47, 48, 51, 53,
280, 285.
Agonopteryx, 53.
Depressaria, 53.
fumosus, Danaus, 538.
Fundulus majalis, 418, 436.
fusca, Dendroica, 516. '
fuscescens, Hylocichla fuscescens, 512.
565
giganteum, Corallobothrium, 441.
giganteus, Dinornis, 348.
Glyptosaurus, 339, 374, 375.
gigas, Diatryma, 3389.
Dimetrodon, 348, 361.
Protostega, 338, 348, 368.
Gilmore, Charles W., on a history of the
Division of Vertebrate Paleontology
in the United States National Mu-
seum, 305.
gilvella, Tinea, 48.
Gladiolus, 34.
Gladiunculus bispinosus, 418, 431.
gladius, Histiophorus, 432.
Xiphias, 418, 422.
Glaridacris catostomi, 418, 419.
gliriformis, Ectoganus, 371.
Glyptodon petaliferus, 357.
Glyptosaurus anceps, 332, 376.
brevidens, 332, 376.
giganteus, 339, 374, 375.
nodosus, 382, 376.
ocellatus, 382, 376.
princeps, 332, 376.
rugosus, 332, 376.
sphenodon, 332, 376.
sylvestris, 332, 376.
Glyptotherium arizonae, 343, 364.
fusciterminella, Agonopterix, 47, 51, 58, |,Gnaphalium, 129.
80, 90, 281, 285.
fuscus, Syrictes, 418, 435.
Gadus morrhua, 418, 489.
Gahan, A. B., on a revision of chalcid-
flies of the genus Monodontomerus in
the United States National Museum,
461.
ganei, Heterodontosuchus, 353.
ganesa, Elephas, 352.
Garrha, 199.
sincerella, 199.
garzetta, Egretta, 487.
Gelechia clemensella, 68.
pseudospretella, 260.
subditella, 266.
thoracefasciella, 136.
thoracenigraeelia, 135.
gelidella, Agnopteryx, 55,
Agonopterix, 45, 46, 49, 53, 55, 58,
60, 66, 280, 285.
Agonopteryx, 55.
Depressaria, 55.
gemmingi, Rhamphorhynchus, 355.
Genista, 115.
Geometridae, 302.
georgiana, Melospiza georgiana, 528.
georgica, Strix varia, 492.
Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla, 518,
519.
trichas ignota, 519.
trichas trichas, 519.
trichas typhicola, 519.
Gerdana, 35, 272.
earitella, 272, 276, 278.
gibbi, Oxydactylus, 372.
Gidleya zuniensis, 356.
gigantea, Pachyaena, 371.
Gnateatcher, blue-gray, 512.
Goatsuckers, 492.
Goldfinch, eastern, 524.
Goniopholis affinis, 382, 361.
Goosefish, 437.
Gopherus praecedens, 332.
goramensis, Callionymus, 29, 30.
Dicallionymus, 30.
Synchiropus, 30.
Gorgosaurus, 364.
libratus, 330, 344, 372.
gracilis, Agnopteryx, 1338, 135.
Agonopterix, 133.
Agonopteryx, 133.
Depressaria, 1383.
Dinornis, 348.
Martyrhilda, 126, 127, 138, 185, 279,
284
Merycoidodon, 348, 354, 375.
Oreosaurus, 332, 377.
Xestops, 382.
Grackle, boat-tailed, 521.
purple, 522.
gramineus, Pooecetes gramineus, 527.
grande, Cynoglossum, 81.
grandifolia, Fagus, 34, 215.
grandis, Dryosaurus, 882.
Pancalia, 247.
Saniwa, 334.
Thinosaurus, 334, 376.
grangeri, Sinopa, 343, 355.
granifera, Patiria, 451, 452.
Grapholitha molesta, 482.
Graptolitha antennata, 293, 300, 302.
disposita, 800.
innominata, 300.
sp., 309.
grayi, Lomatium, 65, 187, 188.
566
Greene, Charles T., on two new species
of cecidomyiid flies from Phlox, 547.
grex, Pneumatophorus, 418, 434.
grinnelli, Synchiropus, 23, 24, 25 (fig.).
Griphodon peruvianus, 366.
griseus, Telmatodytes palustris, 508, 509.
Vireo griseus, 515.
Grosbeak, rose-breasted, 523.
groteella, Depressaria, 192.
grotella, Depressaria, 165-168, 192, 195,
196, 282, 286.
guanhumi, Cardisoma, 379.
Gull, black-backed, 491.
laughing, 491.
Gulo luscus, 343.
‘Gyrodus, 338, 355.
Hadrianus schucherti, 353.
Hadrosaurus foulkii, 339.
tripos, 332, 358.
haematocheir, Sesarma, 379.
Haemilis pastinacella, 174, 175.
Haemylis, 48.
assimilella, 43.
costosa, 114.
depunctella, 114.
heracleella, 174.
Hagno, 204.
cryptolechiella, 210.
faginella, 204, 213.
Halisidota argentata, 295.
Halitherium schinzi, 348.
Hamadryas, 273.
bassettella, 278.
hamatus, Ichthyodectes, 344.
harengus, Clupea, 418, 425, 433.
harlani, Mylodon, 330.
Paramylodon, 374.
Harpacticoid copepod from gill cham-
bers of a marsh crab, 379.
Harpacticoida, 379.
hatcheri, Brontotherium, 343.
Epigaulus, 341, 348.
Triceratops (Diceratops), 341.
Hawk, broad-winged, 488.
duck, 488.
eastern pigeon, 488.
eastern red-tailed, 487.
eastern sparrow, 488.
northern red-shouldered, 488.
pigeon, 536.
sharp-shinned, 487.
haydenella, Blepharocera, 252, 253.
Borkhausenia, 253.
Chambersia, 36, 252, 253, 274, 276-
278,
hayi, Testudo, 333.
Hedymeles ludovicianus, 623.
heinrichii, Edestus, 364.
Helaletes nanus, 348, 370.
Helianthus pumilus, 131, 132.
Heliaster, 447.
Heliodinidae, 273.
Hemerocampa vetusta, 295.
Hemitripterus americanus, 418, 433, 435.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
vou. 90
Henderson, HE. P., on mineralogical de-
scription of Chicora meteorite, 407.
(See also Preston, Henderson, and
Randolph. )
heracleana, Phalaena, 174.
Pyralis, 174.
heracleella, Haemylis, 174.
heraclei, Phalaena, 174, 175.
Heracleum sp., 106.
heracliana, Depressaria, 34, 165, 167,
168, 178, 274, 276-278.
Phalaena, 174, 175.
Phalaena Tortrix, 163, 164, 173,
174.
Heron, little blue, 487.
Hesperornis, 368, 373.
regalis, 338, 340, 343, 354.
hesperus, Desmostylus, 360.
hesternus, Placerias, 354.
Heterodontosuchus ganei, 353.
hibernicus, Megaceros, 312, 339, 340,
348, 347.
hibisei, Orthosia, 293.
hiemalis, Nannus hiemalis, 506, 507.
hilarella, Agonopterix, 92.
Depressaria, 92.
hildaella, Martyrhilda, 126, 127, 140
280.
Himmacia, 36, 40, 42, 202.
huachucella, 203, 275, 276, 278.
Hipparion minus, 371.
hippoglossus, Hippoglossus, 418, 486.
Hippoglossus hippoglossus, 418, 436.
platessoides, 418, 426.
Hirundinidae, 501.
Hirundo rustica erythrogaster, 501.
Histiophorus gladius, 432.
ee Stenomylus, 3320, 344, 363,
77
’
Hofmannophila, 36, 37, 40-42, 197, 258,
264
pseudospretella, 34, 36, 259, 275-278.
Holoscolia, 230.
Homoeosaurus maximiliani, 358.
honorella, Tinea, 230.
Hoplitica, 199.
Hoplitosaurus marshi, 353.
Hoplochelys caelata, 357.
Hoplomorpha, 199.
Hoplophoneus robustus, 318, 335, 344,
356.
horridum, Echinopanax, 84, 86.
huachucella, Cryptolechia, 202, 203.
Himmacia, 203, 275, 276, 278.
Machimia, 203.
hudsoni, Callionymus, 2, 8, 9 (fig.), 18.
hudsonicus, Phaeopus, 490
humata, Cryptolechia, 220.
Inga, 219, 220.
Machimia, 219, 220.
humboldti, Mastodon, 355.
Humes, Arthur G., on a new harpacti-
coid copepod from the gills of a marsh
erab, 379.
Hummingbird, ruby-throated, 498.
INDEX
hydrarchus, Zeuglodon, 357.
hyemalis, Junco hyemalis, 527.
Hylocichla fuscescens fuscescens, 512.
guttata faxoni, 511.
minima bicknelli, 512.
minima minima, 511.
mustelina, 511.
ustulata swainsoni, 511.
hylonomus, Dryobates borealis, 498.
Hypatopa conia, 268.
Hyperdiplosis, 547.
phlox, 547, 549 (fig.), 550.
hyperella, Agnopteryx, 56.
Agonopterix, 45, 46, 49, 51, 56, 59,
60, 62, 280, 284.
Agonopterys, 56.
Agonopteryx, 56, 58.
hypericella, Agonopterix, 57, 58.
Tinea, 48.
Hypericum perforatum, 61.
prolificum, 57.
sp., 59.
virginicum, 59.
Hyperstene, 411, 413, 414, 415.
Hypsibema crassicauda, 332, 358.
Hypsocormus, 338, 355.
Hypsognathus fenneri, 368.
Hyrachyus eximius, 348, 370.
Hyracodon nebrascensis, 308, 354.
iamanonsis, Mesocyon, 335.
Ichneumon obsoletus, 482.
Ichneumonidae, 479, 482.
Ichthyodectes, 370.
hamatus, 344.
Ichthyornis, 368.
Ichthyosaurus platyodon, 352.
quadricissus, 338, 352, 355.
Ictalurus punctatus, 441.
Icteria virens virens, 520.
Icteridae, 521.
Icterus spurius, 521.
idelmania, Boavus, 375.
ignota, Geothlypis trichas, 519.
Iguanavus exilis, 332, 376.
teres, 332, 376.
iliaca, Passerella iliaca, 528.
ilincus, Telmatodytes palustris, 509.
imbricatus, Nesodon, 372.
immanis, Atlantosaurus, 349.
imperator, Elephas, 855.
Istiophorus, 482.
incidens, Carcharias, 331.
incisa, Testudo, 333.
incivius, Dimetrodon, 358.
inclusus, Monodontomerus, 461.
indiscretus, Monodontomerus, 463, 469.
inflata, Baena, 376.
Inga, 36, 40-42, 202, 206, 217.
atropicta, 223.
canariella, 218-220, 222, 279, 283.
ciliella, 218-220, 227, 279, 283.
concolorella, 218-221, 228, 279, 283.
contrariella, Inga, 223.
cretacea, 218-220, 225, 279, 288.
567
Inga humata, 219, 220.
obscuromaculella, 218-220, 226,
283.
sparsiciliella, 218-220, 224, 226,
Dawa
trigama, 219, 224.
innominata, Graptolitha, 300.
innoxia, Terrapene, 333.
inornata, Semioscopis, 150, 155, 279, 284.
inornatella, Semioscopis, 155.
inscitella, Cryptolechia, 223, 224.
intermedius, Bothrimonus, 418, 421.
intestinalis, Ligula, 420.
Iridoprocne bicolor, 501.
irrequieta, Tachina, 291.
Ischyriza ?, 331.
Ischyrotherium antiquum, 310.
Isodectus punctulatus, 336.
Istiophoridae, 482.
Istiophorus americanus, 418, 482.
ealvertensis, 331.
imperator, 482.
nigricans, 482.
279,
274,
Jabiru weillsi, 334, 363.
jamaicensis, Buteo jamaicensis, 487.
Cancrincola, 379, 385.
Danaus, 532, 533, 540, 541.
japonicus, Callionymus, 22.
Monodontomerus, 463, 480.
jordani, Evesthes, 361.
Juglans, 34.
juliella, Depressaria, 165, 167, 168, 176,
178, 179, 288, 286.
Juneo, Carolina, 527.
slate-colored, 527.
Junco hyemalis carolinensis, 527.
hyemalis hyemalis, 527.
Kallima, 254.
kansensis, Plioambystoma, 377.
keeleyi, Callionymus, 2, 14, 15 (fig.).
kennicottella, Endrosis, 266.
kennikotella, Endrosis, 266.
Kentriodon pernix, 343, 360.
kerrianus, Mesoteras, 335, 352.
Killifish, 436, 441.
Kingbird, eastern, 499.
Kinglet, eastern golden-crowned, 512.
eastern ruby-crowned, 512.
Kinosternon, 457, 459.
acutum, 457.
berendtianum, 458, 459.
creaseri, 459.
cruentatum, 458, 459.
cruentatum consors, 458.
leucostomum, 458.
scorpioides, 458.
scorpioides acuta, 457, 458.
scorpioides, var. 1, 458.
Kinosternum arizonense, 364.
kinseyi, Martes, 368.
568
klamathiana, Agnopteryx, 142.
Agonopterix, 105, 142.
Agonopteryx, 142.
Depressaria, 142.
Martyrhilda, 126, 127, 142, 144, 146,
280, 284.
kochii, Zygorhiza, 357, 370.
kolbei, Dicynodon, 367.
Labidiaster, 447, 448, 449, 450.
annulatus, 447, 448.
borealis, 447, 449:
radiosus, 447, 448.
Labidiasterinae, 447.
labradorius, Passerculus sandwichensis,
526.
Labrosaurus ferox, 319.
Laburnum, 115.
lacteella, Endrosis, 264.
Hudrosis, 266.
lactella, Endrosis, 34, 264, 274, 276, 278.
Phaelaenae Tineae, 263, 264.
laevigatus, Lagocephalus, 418, 434.
Lagocephalus laevigatus, 418, 434.
Lagomys, 350.
lalandi, Seriola, 418, 435.
lambei, Equus, 362, 367.
Lambeosaurus, 364.
Lampros faganella, 235.
pseudospretella, 260.
Lamprus formosella, 257.
pseudospretella, 260.
Laniidae, 513.
Lanius ludovicianus ludovicianus, 513.
Laodon venustus, 319.
Lapidosaurus, 361.
laricis, Monodontomerus, 461.
Laridae, 491.
Lark, prairie horned, 501.
Larus atricilla, 491.
marinus, 491.
vero, 334,
laticarinata, Chelydra, 3382.
laticeps, Diracodon, 321.
latifrons, Bison, 351.
latipalpella, Agonopterix, 45, 46, 50, 52,
118, 282, 286.
Agonopteryx, 46, 118.
Depressaria, 118.
latipennis, Martyringa, 229, 274, 275, 277,
278.
Oegoconia, 228, 229.
latus, Aspideretes, 361.
lecontella, Agnopteryx, 94, 96.
Agonopterix, 47, 94, 97, 98, 285.
Agonopteryx, 94, 96.
Depressaria, 94, 96.
Leidyosuchus sternbergi, 358.
lentiginosus, Botaurus, 487.
lentus, Camarasaurus, 330, 339.
Oreosaurus, 332, 377.
Xestops, 332.
Lepidoptera, 479, 482.
Lepidosteus atrox, 354.
Lepidozancla, 200.
zatrephes, 200.
lepidus, Tinosaurus, 334, 377.
Lepisosteus simplex, 356.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
vou, 90
Leptasterias, 448.
polaris, 455.
Leptoceratops, 374.
leptodus, Thinosaurus, 334, 376.
Leptomeryx, 371.
Leptops olivaris, 441.
Leptotaenia, 188.
multifida, 184, 188.
salmonifiora, 184.
leptotaeniae, Depressaria, 38, 166-168,
182, 184-186, 283, 286.
Lestodiplosis, 547, 550.
maculipennis, 549 (fig.), 550.
Leuciscus turneri, 351.
leucobranchialis, Callionymus, 2, 19, 20
(fig. ).
Leucophoyx, 487.
thula thula, 487.
leucostomum, Cinosternum, 457.
Kinosternon, 458.
libratus, Gorgusaurus, 380, 344, 372.
lignaria, Osmia, 470.
Ligula, 420.
chilomycteri, 418, 420.
intestinalis, 420.
sp., 418, 420.
Ligusticum scoticum, 178.
Limanda ferruginea, 418, 482.
limicola, Rallus limicola, 490.
lineolni, Melospiza lincolni, 528.
lineare, Sium, 34, 178.
lineatus, Buteo lineatus, 488.
Linton, Edwin, on cestode parasites of
teleost fishes of Woods Hole region,
Massachusetts, 417.
Liops, 356.
Liparis liparis, 419, 420, 421.
Lissoprion ferrieri, 357.
Lita betulinella, 266.
Lomatium, 186.
angustatum, 190.
grayi, 65, 187, 188.
macrocarpum, 183.
longi, Callionymus, 2, 10 (fig.).
longus, Diplodoecus, 319, 341, 342, 343,
366.
Lophius piscatorius, 418, 426, 486, 437.
Lophopsetta maculata, 418, 426, 434.
luciae, Testudo, 333.
lucidella, Epicallima, 247, 251.
Schiffermuelleria, 251.
Schiffermiilleria, 247, 248, 251, 278,
283.
ludovicianus, Hedymeles, 528.
Lanius ludovicianus, 518.
Thryothorus ludovicianus, 507.
lumpus, Cyclopterus, 418, 431.
luseus, Gulo, 348.
luteus, Colaptes auratus, 498.
luzuloides, Antennaria, 109, 129.
Lysasterias, 448.
Lysastrosoma, 449.
Lysorophus, 361.
lythrella, Agonopterix, 45, 46, 49, 58, 59,
280.
Agonopteryx, 59.
Depressaria, 59.
Lythrum alatum, 60.
INDEX
macarellus, Decapterus, 418.
ee 86, 40, 42, 198, 200, 202, 219,
233.
eanariella, 219, 222.
ciliella, 219, 227.
concolorella, 219, 221.
confertella, 200, 201.
eretacea, 219, 225.
fernaldella, 200, 201.
huachucella, 208.
humata, 219, 220.
obscuromaculella, 219, 226.
sparsiciliella, 223.
tentoriferella, 34, 199, 200, 275, 277,
278.
tentorifuella, 200.
Macrobratha, 271.
macrocarpum, Lomatium, 183.
macrocephalus, Plesiosaurus, 352.
Proteocephalus, 418, 440.
Macropus, 349.
macrostachya, Psoralea, 121, 122.
macularia, Actitis, 491.
maculata, Lophopsetta, 418, 426, 434.
Swanka, 457.
maculatella, Depressaria, 165-168, 193,
194, 196, 282, 286.
maculatus, Sphoeroides, 418, 435.
maculipennis, Lestodiplosis, 549 (fig.),
550.
Magnesium silicates, 414.
magnolia, Dendroica, 515.
majalis, Fundulus, 418, 486.
major, Cassidix mexicanus, 521.
Dinictis, 353.
Malacosoma americana, 482.
maldivensis, Callionymus, 4.
Malva, 1387.
malvaefilora, Sidalcea, 137.
Mammut americanum, 355.
mandibularis, Monodontomerus,
474.
manubriforme, Dibothrium, 4382.
manubriformis, Bothriocephalus,
432.
margaretae, Callionymus, 4.
marinensis, Anoncia, 269.
marinus, Larus, 491.
marisinensis, Callionymus, 2, 7, 8 (fig.),
18.
marshi, Hoplitosaurus, 353.
Martes kinseyi, 368.
Martin, purple, 501.
Martyrhilda, 36, 39, 41, 42, 45, 125, 184.
alstroemeriana, 130.
canella, 125-128, 140, 275, 276, 278.
ciniflonella, 144, 146.
cogitata, 129, 130.
eulcitella, 134.
gracilis, 126, 127, 133, 185, 279, 284.
hildaella, 126, 127, 140, 280.
klamathiana, 126, 127, 142, 144, 146,
280, 284.
nivalis, 126, 127, 139, 280, 284.
sciadopa, 126, 127, 144, 280, 284.
sordidella, 126, 127, 132, 140, 280,
284.
463,
418,
569
Martyrhilda sphaeralceae, 34, 125-127,
87, 188, 280, 284.
thoracefasciella, 126, 127, 186, 280,
284,
thoracenigraeella, 126, 127, 135, 280,
284.
umbraticostella, 125-127, 180, 280,
284
Martyringa, 36, 40-42, 228.
latipennis, 229, 274, 275, 277, 278.
marylandica, Chelonia, 332.
Paralbula, 377.
Thecachampsa, 38384.
Tomarctus, 376.
matylandiens Anomoedus latidens, 331,
ius
Masiphya brasiliana, 294.
Mastodon, 350.
americanus, 338, 341, 342, 348, 354,
360, 361, 363.
eordillerum, 355.
humboldti, 355.
Mathildana, 35, 36, 40-42, 236.
newmanella, 36, 237, 274, 276-278.
maximiliani, Homoeosaurus, 358.
maximus, Dinornis, 348.
Epyornis, 338.
Prosaurolophus, 330.
mcecaddeni, Eleutherochir, 27, 28 (fig.).
medunnoughi, Semioscopis, 150, 151, 162,
279
Meadowlark, southern, 521.
medianus, Dryobates pubescens, 496, 497.
Megaceros hibernicus, 312, 339, 340, 343,
347.
Megachile, 477.
megalippe, Anosia, 586, 537.
Danaus, 534, 535, 588.
Danaus plexippus, 532, 583, 536, 538,
540.
Euploea, 5386.
megalophysum, Cetotherium, 335.
megamicrella, Semioscopis, 150, 151, 157,
159, 160, 279, 284.
Megaptera miocaena, 363.
Megatherium, 311, 339, 341.
ecuvieri, 339, 348.
Meigeniine series, 2
Melanerpes erythrocephalus
cephalus, 494.
Melanogrammus aeglefinus, 418, 439.
melas, Ameiurus, 441.
Meleagrididae, 489.
Meleagris gallopavo silvestris, 489.
melichlora, Atheropla, 271.
Melissodes, 473.
Melitoma taurea, 474.
Mellita, 448, 444.
quinquiesperforata, 443.
melodia, Melospiza melodia, 529.
Melospiza georgiana georgiana, 528.
lincolni lincolni, 528.
melodia atlantica, 529.
melodia euphonia, 529.
melodia melodia, 529.
Menacodon rarus, 319.
Menticirrhus saxatilis, 418, 427, 434.
erythro-
570
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
vou. 90
Merluccius bilinearis, 418, 427, 486, 487. | Monodontomerus laricis, 461.
merriccella Semioscopis, 150-153, 279,
284.
merrickella, Epigraphia, 1538.
Merycodus necatus, 344, 374.
Merycoidodon, 371.
(Oreodon), 306.
gracilis, 343, 354, 375.
Mesocyon iamanonsis, 335.
Mesohippus bairdi, 307, 370, 371.
Mesoteras kerrianus, 335, 352.
Metpocetus durinasus, 335, 361.
Meteorite, Chicora, 387.
Metoposaurus fraasi, 354.
Mexican turtles of the genus Kinoster-
non, 457.
mexicanum, Trypoxylon, 469.
mexicanus, Monodontomerus, 463, 466,
467, 468, 469.
michelini, Enecope, 448, 444.
microcephalum, Dibothrium, 422, 423.
microcephalus, Anchistrocephalus, 422.
Ancistrocephalus, 418, 422.
microdus, Oreosaurus, 333, 3877.
Xestops, 333.
Microgadus tomeod, 418, 420, 421, 434,
435, 440.
Microphrys bicornutus, 379.
migratorius, Turdus migratorius, 510.
milne-edwardsi, Tantalus, 354.
Mimidae, 510.
Mimus polyglottos polyglottos, 510.
miniata, Asterina, 452.
minima, Hylocichla minima, 511.
minimus, Hmpidonax, 500.
Minotocyphus, 548.
minus, Hipparion, 371.
minutella, Borkhausenia, 259, 278.
Phalaena Tinea, 259.
minutus, Oreosaurus, 333, 377.
Xestops, 3338.
miocaena, Megaptera, 363.
miocenica, Taphrosphys, 333.
mirabile, Uintatherium, 356.
mirus, Brachycallionymus, 26, 27.
Edestus. 358.
Mniotilta varia, 514.
Mockingbird, eastern, 510.
Mola mola, 418, 422, 423.
molesta, Grapholitha, 482.
mollis, Nardoa, 455.
molossus, Portheus, 338, 343, 352, 368.
Monobothrium terebrans, 419.
Monoclonius nasicornis, 362.
Monodontomerinae, 461.
Monodontomerus, 461-463, 470.
aereus, 462, 465.
americanus, 472.
argentinus, 461.
bakeri, 463, 475, 477.
cubensis, 462, 466.
cupreus, 461.
dentipes, 463, 477, 480.
dianthidii, 462, 464.
emarginatus, 463, 475, 476.
inclusus, 461.
indiscretus, 463, 469.
japonicus, 463, 480.
mandibularis, 468, 474.
mexicanus, 463, 466, 467, 468, 469.
montivagus, 463, 468, 472, 474, 475.
nitidus, 461.
nubecula, 461.
obscurus, 463, 470.
obsoletus, 463, 479, 480, 482.
Pphormio, 461.
punctatus, 461.
rugulosus, 461.
sehrottkyi, 461.
sp., 470, 474.
strobili, 461.
subobsoletus, 463, 480.
trichiopthalmus, 461.
usticensis, 461.
vianai, 461.
virens, 461, 479.
viridiscapus, 462, 467.
montanensis, Brachyceratops, 348, 359.
montanus, Ceratops, 319.
monticola, Bonasa umbellus, 489.
montivagus, Monodontomerus, 463, 468,
472, 474, 475.
moratus, Ulias, 335.
Morone americana, 418, 421.
Moropus elatus, 330, 343, 372.
morrhua, Gadus, 418, 4389.
morricei, Aulophyseter, 367.
mortoni, Archaeotherium, 351, 354.
Mosasaur, 345.
motacilla, Seiurus, 518.
Moths of family Oecophoridae, North
American, 33.
multifida, Leptotaenia, 184, 188.
multifidae, Depressaria, 38, 165-168,
186, 187, 189, 190, 282, 286.
munroana, Sphaeralcea, 139.
muricolorella, Agnopteryx, 64.
Agonopterix, 48, 50, 53, 64, 280, 284.
Agonopteryx, 64.
Depressaria, 64.
murmurans, Agonopterix, 39.
mustelina, Hylocichla, 511.
Myiarchus crinitus boreus, 500.
erinitus erinitus, 500.
Myiochanes virens, 501.
Myliobatis copeanus, 331.
Mylodon, 350.
harlani, 330.
Myodes, 350.
Myrica asplenifolia, 71, 72, 79.
carolinensis, 79.
naevius, Otus asio, 492.
Nannus hiemalis hiemalis, 506, 507.
hiemalis pullus, 507.
nanus, Bystra, 331, 364.
Camptosaurus, 319, 321, 343, 358.
Helaletes, 343, 370.
Pleurocoelus, 319.
Nardoa, 455.
frianti, 455.
mollis, 455.
novaecaledoniae, 455.
pauciforis, 455.
tuberculata, 455.
INDEX 571
Nardoa tumulosa, 455.
variolata, 452.
nasicornis, Ceratosaurus, 319, 321, 341,
348.
Monoclonius, 362.
nebrascensis, Hyracodon, 308, 354.
Rhinoceros, 307, 308.
Stylemys, 333, 358.
nebulosa, Agnopteryx, 110.
Agonopterix, 48, 49, 52, 110, 282.
Agonopteryx, 75, 110.
Depressaria, 110.
nebulosus, Ameiurus, 418, 441,
necatus, Merycodus, 344, 374.
neglectus, Thescelosaurus, 343.
nelsoni, Ammospiza caudacuta, 527.
nemorata, Phyllotoma, 470.
neocesariensis, Thoracosaurus, 351.
Nepanthia, 451, 452, 455.
belcheri, 452.
crassa, 453 (fig.).
variabilis 454 (fig.).
Nephelodes emmedonia, 298.
neptunia, Callionymus, 21.
nervosa, Depressaria, 165, 178.
Nesodon, 352.
imbricatus, 372.
Nesotrochis debooyi, 376.
Neurankylus bauri, 361.
wyomingensis, 359.
newmanella, Dasycera, 236, 237.
newmanella, Mathildana, 36, 237, 274,
276-278.
newmanella, Oecophora, 238.
nigricans, Istiophorus, 482.
nigricans, Tachinomyia, 290, 295, 296
(fig.), 301, 302.
nigrinotella, Agnopteryx, 101.
Agonopterix, 48, 50, 52, 101, 103, 281,
285.
Agonopteryx, 101, 102.
Depressaria, 101.
nigrippus, Danais archippus, 536, 537.
Nimravus, 377.
nipponicum, Diprion, 480.
nitidus, Monodontomerus, 461.
nivalis, Agonopterix, 45, 189.
Agonopteryx, 139.
Depressaria, 139.
Martyrhilda, 126, 127, 139, 280, 284.
Plectrophenax nivalis, 530.
nivosus, Danaus, 533, 542.
nodosa, Baena, 361.
nodosus, Glyptosaurus, 332, 376.
North Carolina, birds of, 483.
notabilis, Seiurus noveboracensis, 518.
Notasterias, 447.
Nothrotherium texanum, 360.
Notocyphinae, 543.
Notocyphus, 543.
Notropis rubrifrons, 418, 419.
novaecaledoniae, Nardoa, 455.
uoveboracensis, Seiurus noveboracensis,
518.
novimundi, Agnopteryx, 87.
Agonopterix, 48, 50, 87, 281.
Agonopteryx, 87.
Depressaria, 87.
Depressaria parilella, 87.
nubecula, Monodontomerus, 461.
nubiferella, Agnopteryx, 61.
SE. Agonopterix, 45, 46, 49, 60,
280.
Agonopteryx, 60, 61.
Depressaria, 60.
nuchocarinata, Trachemys, 334.
Nuthatch, brown-headed, 506,
Florida, 505.
white-breasted, 505.
Nyctidromus, 493.
nymphidia, Depressaria, 39.
Oak (Quercus spp.), 34.
oblitus, Passerculus sandwichensis, 526.
oblongus, Paralichthys, 418, 428, 434.
obscuromaculella, Cryptolechia, 226.
Inga, 218-220, 226, 279, 283.
Machimia, 219, 226.
obscurus, Monodontomerus, 463, 470.
obsoletella, Cryptolechia, 209.
Psilocorsis, 205-209, 211, 279, 283.
obsoletus, Ichneumon, 482.
Moncdontomerus, 463, 479, 480, 482.
obtusa, Patiria, 451.
obtusus, Triceratops, 319.
ocalana, Testudo, 334.
occidentalis, Anthophora, 473, 474.
Bison, 343, 365.
Cephalanthus, 201.
Cicuta, 177.
Equus, 330, 349, 357, 372.
Osmorhiza, 84.
Parasterina, 455.
Rhinoceros, 307.
Squatina, 381.
Thespesius, 310.
ocellana, Agonopterix, 275, 276, 278.
Pyralis, 43.
ocellatus, Callionymus, 26.
Glyptosaurus, 332, 376.
Synchiropus, 26.
ocellifera, Patiria, 451.
ochraceus, Pisaster, 455.
octodecimspinosus, Acanthocottus, 418,
421, 430.
Odocoileus sellardsiae, 335.
Odontopteryx toliapica, 348.
Oecophora, 35, 36, 237.
argenticinctella, 255.
boreasella, 242.
borkhausenii, 241.
bractella, 36, 275-278.
dimidiella, 248.
formosella, 257.
newmanella, 238.
pseudospretella, 259.
quadrimaculella, 248.
shaleriella, 244.
shalleriella, 244.
sulphurella, 237.
PROCEEDINGS
572
Oecophoridae, 38, 34, 36, 268.
Oegoconia latipennis, 228, 229.
ohioensis, Castoroides, 349, 352.
Oligoclase, 415.
Oligoplites saurus, 418, 427.
olivaceus, Vireo, 514.
olivaris, Leptops, 441.
Olivine, 408, 414, 415.
onitis, Tautoga, 418, 421.
Onohippidium, 352.
ontariella, Depressaria, 174, 175.
Ontocetus oxymycterus, 366.
opercularioides, Callionymus, 26, 27.
Eleutherochir, 27.
opercularis, Callionymus, 26.
Eleutherochir, 26, 29.
Synchiropus, 27.
Oporornis agilis, 518.
formosus, 518.
Oracodon conulus, 319.
oreutti, Canis, 361.
oregonensis, Agonopterix, 47, 50, 538, 56,
65, 281, 284.
oregonensis, Pteranodon, 369.
Oreodon culbertsoni, 351.
Oreosaurus gracilis, 882, 377.
lentus, 332, 377.
microdus, 338, 377.
minutus, 333, 377.
vagans, 333, 377.
Oriole, orchard, 521.
orites, Anoncia,. 269.
Ornithomimus affinis, 332.
Orthosia hibisci, 293.
oryzivorus, Dolichonyx, 521.
osborni, Trigonias, 330, 348, 372.
Osmia, 470.
ecordata, 470.
cornuta, 470.
emarginata, 470.
lignaria, 470.
rufa, 470.
taurus, 480.
Osmorhiza, 84, 85.
brevipes, 84.
divaricata, 84.
occidentalis, 84.
ossifragus, Corvus, 504.
Ostrya virginiana, 196.
Otocoris alpestris praticola, 501.
Ototriton anceps, 382.
Otus asio asio, 492.
asio naevius, 492.
ovata, Carya, 34, 216.
ovatus, Styracosaurus, 369.
Ovenbird, 518.
Ovibos yukonensis, 356.
oweni, Testudo, 351.
Owl, Florida barred, 492.
southern sereech, 492.
Oxydactylus gibbi, 372.
oxymycterus, Ontocetus, 366.
Pachyaena gigantea, 371.
packardella, Enicostoma, 151.
Epigraphia, 151.
Semioscopis, 150, 151, 155, 279, 284.
OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
vou. 90
Palaeocrex fax, 334.
Palaeogyps prodromus, 334.
Palaeophis virginianus, 333, 393.
Palaeoplancus sternbergi, 371.
Palaeoscincus rugosidens, 369.
Palaeosyops, 370.
Palaeotherium bairdii, 307.
Palapteryx elephantopus, 348.
Paleontology, vertebrate, a history of
the division of, in the United States
National Museum, 305.
Palinurichthys perciformis, 418, 420.
pallidella, Agonopterix, 45, 47, 50, 53, 82,
88, 281, 285.
Agonopteryx, 88.
Depressaria, 88.
pallidior, Passerina ciris, 524.
pallidus, Synchiropus, 28 (fig.).
palmaria, Vulpes, 335.
palmarum, Dendroica palmarum, 517.
palmeri, Parietobalaena, 359.
palousella, Depressaria, 164, 166, 168,
171, 286.
palustris, Telmatodytes palustris, 507.
Pamlico fossil echinoids, 443.
panaetius, Tachina, 291.
Tachinomyia, 288, 290, 291, 296
(fig. ).
Pancalia grandis, 247.
pansa, Tachina, 291.
Paracallionymus, 1.
Parahippus, 368.
Paralbula dorisiae, 377.
marylandica, 377.
Paralichthys dentatus, 418, 427, 434.
oblongus, 418, 428, 484.
Paramylodon harlani, 874.
Parapavo californicus, 365.
Parasaurolophus tubicen, 369.
Parasites, cestode, of teleost fishes of
Woods Hole Region, Massachusetts,
417.
Parasterina, 451, 452, 455.
a note on the genus, 447.
crassa, 455.
occidentalis, 455.
Paratheta astigmatica, 39.
Pareiasaurus baini, 356.
Paridae, 504.
Parietobalaena palmeri, 359.
Pariotichus, 361.
paru, Peprilus, 418, 434.
asserculus sandwichensis labradorius,
526.
sandwichensis oblitus, 526.
sandwichensis savanna, 526.
Passerella iliaeca iliaca, 528.
passerina, Spizella passerina, 528.
Passerina ciris ciris, 523.
ciris pallidior, 524.
cyanea, 523.
Pastinacea sativa, 175.
pastinacella, Haemilis, 174, 175.
Patiria, 451, 452.
bellula, 451, 452.
coccinea, 451.
erassa, 451, 452.
INDEX
Patiria granifera, 451, 452.
obtusa, 451.
ocellifera, 451.
pectinifera, 452.
patritus, Phasmagyps, 335.
paucidens, Saniwa, 334.
Thinosaurus, 334, 376.
pauciforis, Nardoa, 455.
paulus, Corvus brachyrhynchos, 503.
Paurodon yalens, 319.
pearcei, Platygonus, 3438, 373,
pecan, Carya, 34, 216.
pectinifera, Patiria, 452.
Pedicellasterinae, 448, 449.
Pelagosaurus typus, 352.
Pelosaurus, 370.
Pelycorhamphus pertortus, 335, 374.
pensylvanica, Dendroica, 517.
aa carolinensis carolinensis,
O04.
carolinensis extimus, 504.
Peprilus paru, 418, 484.
Peratherium, 370.
perciformis, Palinurichthys, 418, 420.
Perdicidae, 489.
peregrina, Vermivora, 514.
perforatum, Hypericum, 61.
pergandeella, Agonopterix, 48, 49, 116,
281
Agonopteryx, 116.
Depressaria, 116.
Triclonella, 269, 270, 274, 276, 278.
pergandiella, Agnopteryx, 116.
Agonopterix, 116.
Perissasterias, 448.
Peritresius virginianus, 338, 374.
pernix, Kentriodon, 343, 360.
persimilis, Pseudemys floridana, 333.
pertortus, Pelycorhamphus, 335, 374.
peruvianus, Griphodon, 366.
petaliferus, Glyptodon, 357.
Pewee, eastern wood, 501.
phaeopus, Phaeopus, 490.
Phaeopus phaeopus, 499.
Phaeopus, 490.
hudsonicus, 490,
phaeopus, 490.
phaeopus phaeopus, 490.
phaeopus variegatus, 490.
Phalaena heracleana, 174.
heraclei, 174, 175.
heracliana, 174, 175.
Tortrix heracliana, 168, 164, 173,
174.
quercana, 234.
Tinea bicostella, 230.
Tinea minutella, 259.
Tinea schaefferella, 247.
Phalaenae Tineae atomella, 48.
Tineae formosella, 257.
Tineae lactella, 263, 264.
Tortrix fagana, 235.
Tortrix steinkellneriana, 149.
Phasmagyps patritus, 335.
Phenacodus primaevus, 351.
573
Phibalocera, 233.
quereana, 235.
Phigalia titea, 302.
phlox, Hyperdiplosis, 547, 549 (fig.), 550.
Phlox, two new species of cecidomyiid
flies from, 547.
Phoebe, eastern, 500.
phoebe, Sayornis, 500.
phoeniceus, Agelaius phoeniceus, 521.
Pholidophorus, 338, 355.
phormio, Monodontomerus, 461.
Phryganeutis, 231.
cinerea, 231.
Phyllodus, 376.
Phyllotoma, 470.
nemorata, 470.
pbyllurus, Rhamphorhynchus, 338, 350.
physodes, Psoralea, 121, 122.
Physostegania pustularia, 302.
Picidae, 493.
pictum, Sesarma, 379.
pileatus, Ceophloeus pileatus, 494.
Pinaris, 48.
depunctella, 114.
pini, Diprion, 478.
pinus, Dendroica pinus, 517.
Vermivora, 514.
Pinus ponderosa, 250.
Pipilo alleni rileyi, 525.
erythrophthalmus alleni, 524.
erythrophthalmus canaster, 524,
525.
erythrophthalmus erythrophthal-
mus, 524, 525.
Piranga erythromelas, 522.
rubra rubra, 522.
Pisaster ochraceus, 455.
pisecatorius, Lophius, 418, 426, 436, 437.
Placerias hesternus, 354.
Platecarpus, 338.
coryphaeus, 368.
platessoides, Hippoglossus, 418, 426.
Platygonus compressus, 377.
cumberlandensis, 343, 359.
pearcei, 348, 373.
platyodon, Ichthyosaurus, 352.
platypterus, Buteo platypterus, 488.
Plazaster, 447, 448, 449.
a new genus of sea stars from
Japan, 447.
borealis, 449.
Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis, 530.
Plesiosaurus macrocephalus, 352.
dolichoderius, 352.
Plesippus, 324, 327, 328, 330.
shoshonensis, 343, 344, 369, 370, 371,
373.
Pleurocoelus nanus, 319.
Pleurota, 36, 39, 41, 42, 230.
albastrigilella, 231.
albastrigulella, 231, 279, 283.
albistrigulella, 2381.
bicostella, 274, 275, 277.
plexippus, Danaus, 531, 5382, 533, 534,
535, 536, 537, 538, 589, 540.
Danaus plexippus, 532, 5383, 588, 539,
540.
574
plicatum, Dibothrium, 422.
plicatus, Bothriocephalus, 422.
Fistulicola, 418, 422.
Plioambystoma kansensis, 377.
Plover, Wilson’s, 490.
plumipes, Cancrineola, 379, 383 (fig.).
plummerella, Agnopteryx, 74.
Agonopterix, 45, 74-76, 103.
Agonopteryx, 74, 75.
Depressaria, 74.
Pneumatophorus grex, 418, 434.
polaris, Leptasterias, 455.
Polioptila caerulea caerulea, 512.
Pollachius virens, 418, 428, 440.
Polydectes biturgidus, 333, 358.
polyglottos, Mimus polyglottos, 510.
Polyglyphanodon, 376, 377.
sternbergi, 348, 375.
Pomatomus saltatrix, 418, 484, 438.
pometaria, Alsophila, 302.
Pomolobus pseudoharengus, 418, 428, 434.
ponderosa, Pinus, 250.
Pooecetes gramineus gramineus, 527.
Populus, 473.
tremuloides, 217.
Poronotus triacanthus, 418, 428, 484.
Porthetria dispar, 298, 302.
Portheus molossus, 338, 348, 352, 368.
portoricensis, Danaus plexippus, 533, 539
posticella, Agnopteryx, 120.
Agonopterix, 46, 49, 51, 119, 282, 286.
Agonopteryx, 120.
Depressaria, 119.
Pout, horned, 441.
praecedens, Gopherus, 3382.
praestans, Telacodon, 319.
praticola, Otocoris alpestris, 501.
precedens, Coniophis, 319.
prenticei, Ceratomeryx, 373.
Prepotherium venezuelanum, 335, 374.
pressa, Chen, 371.
Preston, F. W., E. P. Henderson, and
James R. Randolph, on the Chicora
(Butler County, Pa.) meteorite, 387.
Priconodon crassus, 319.
primaevus, Phenacodus, 351.
Titanoides, 360.
primigenius, Elephas, 323, 347, 361.
princeps, Glyptosaurus, 332, 376.
principalis, Corvus corax, 503.
Priscodelphinus, 377.
atropius, 3867.
crassangulum, 3835.
Proamphicyon, 367.
procerus, Ursus, 354.
Procheniosaurus, 374.
Procyon simus, 350.
prodromus, Palaeogyps, 334.
Progne subis subis, 501.
prolificum, Hypericum, 57.
Propalaeohoplophorus, 352.
proriger, Tylosaurus, 343, 362.
Prorosmarus alleni, 335.
Prosaurolophus maximus, 330.
Prospherysa similis, 294.
Protasis, 2381.
punctella, 231.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
vou. 90
Proteocephalidae, 440.
Proteocephalus, 440.
macrocephalus, 418, 440.
sp., 418.
Protoceratops, 368.
Protonotaria citrea, 514.
Protosphyraena, 370.
Protostega gigas, 388, 348, 368.
Prunus, 34, 198.
Psalidaster, 447, 449.
Psammocharid wasp, a new genus of,
from China, 548.
Psephophorus calvertensis, 357.
Pseudemys floridana persimilis, 333.
pseudoacacia, Robinia, 93, 94.
Pseudococeus comstocki, 258.
pseudoharengus, Pomolobus, 418, 428,
434.
Pseudopleuronectes americanus, 418,
432.
pseudosprella, Borkhausenia, 260.
pseudospretella, Acompsia, 259.
Borkhausenia, 260.
Chambersia, 36.
Gelechia, 260.
Hofmannophila, 34, 36, 259, 275-
278.
Lampros, 260.
Lamprus, 260.
Oecophora, 259.
Psilocorsis, 34, 86, 37, 88, 40-42, 200, 202,
204, 206.
caryae, 34, 205-207, 215, 279, 283.
eryptolechiella, 206, 210, 215.
dubitatella, 206, 211.
faginella, 34, 38, 205-207, 213, 216,
279, 288.
ferruginosa, 205, 214, 215.
fletcherella, 205-207, 216, 283.
obsoletella, 205-209, 211, 279, 283.
quercicella, 204-207, 209, 210, 275,
276, 278.
querciella, 207.
reflexa, 212.
refiexella, 38, 206, 207, 212, 279, 283.
Psoralea macrostachya, 121, 122.
physodes, 121, 122.
tenuiflora, 121.
psoraliella, Agnopteryx, 121.
Agonopterix, 44, 47, 49, 52, 121, 281,
286.
Agonopteryx, 121.
Depressaria, 121.
Ptelea trifoliata, 73, 102, 103.
pteleae, Agonopterix, 45, 46, 50, 51, 72,
280, 285.
Agonopteryx, 46, 72.
Depressaria, 73.
Pteranodon oregonensis, 369.
Pterosphenus schucherti, 353.
Ptychobothriidae, 424.
Ptychodus, 348.
pubescens, Dryobates pubescens, 486.
Puffinus eyermani, 354.
pullus, Nannus hiemalis, 507.
pulvipenella, Agnopteryx, 76.
INDEX
pulvipennella, Agnopteryx, 76.
Agonopterix, 45, 47, 50, 51, 73, 76,
280, 285.
Agonopteryx, 73, 76.
Depressaria, 74, 76.
pumilus, Allacodon, 319.
Helianthus, 131, 182.
punctatum, Dibothrium, 426, 427, 428,
429, 480, 482.
punctatus, Decapterus, 418, 4383.
Ictalurus, 441.
Moncdontomerus, 461.
punctella, Protasis, 231.
punctilateralis, Callionymus, 2, 18, 14
(fig.).
punctulatus, Callionymus, 26.
Isodectus, 336.
pusilla, Compsothlypis americana, 515.
Sitta pusilla, 506.
Spizella pusilla, 528.
pusillus, Hreunetes, 491.
pustularia, Physostegania, 302.
Pycnopodia, 447, 448, 449.
Pycnopodiinae, 449.
pyracantha, Cotoneaster, 236.
Pyralis heracleana, 174.
ocellana, 43.
quercana, 283, 234.
umbellana, 174, 175.
Pyroxene, 411, 412.
quadracus, Apeltes, 418, 431.
quadricissus, Ichthyosaurus, 338, 352,
quadrimaculella, Borkhausenia, 248.
Epicallima, 247, 248.
Oecophora, 248.
Schiffermuelleria, 248.
Schiffermiilleria, 247, 248, 279, 283.
quereana, Carcina, 34, 234, 274, 275, 277.
Phalaena, 234.
Phibalocera, 235.
Pyralis, 233, 234.
Tortrix, 234.
quercicella, Cryptolechia, 207, 210, 211,
214, 216.
Psilocorsis, 204-207, 209, 210, 275,
276, 278.
querciella, Psilocorsis, 207.
Quercus, 84, 115, 236.
spp., 34
Querquedula floridana, 335.
quinquiesperforata, Mellita, 445.
Quiscalus quiscalus stonei, 522.
radiata, Xiphias (?), 331.
radiosus, Labidiaster, 447, 448.
Rail, Virginia, 490.
Wayne’s clapper, 490.
Rallidae, 490.
Rallus limicola limicola, 490.
longirostris waynei, 490.
Randolph, James R. (See Preston, Hen-
derson, and Randolph.)
rarus, Menacodon, 3819.
Rathbunaster, 447, 449.
Raven, northern, 503.
Redstart, 520.
or
~]
qn
Red-wing, eastern, 521.
reevesi, Callionymus, 22.
reflexa, Psilocorsis, 212.
reflexella, Cryptolechia, 212.
Psilocorsis, 38, 206, 207, 212, 279,
283.
regalis, Edmontosaurus, 330, 372.
Hesperornis, 388, 340, 343, 354.
Regulus Satrapa satrapa, 512.
Remora remora, 418, 43).
restiforme, Dibothrium, 452.
restiformis, Bothriocephalus, 418, 432.
reticulatum, Sesarma, 379.
Rhamphorhynchus gemmingi, 355.
phyllurus, 3838, 350.
Rhinoceros (Teleaceras), 318.
Rhincceros nebrascensis, 307, 308.
occidentalis, 307.
sp:, 351.
Rhinosia flammella, 257, 258.
Rhytinodon rostratus, 319.
Richmondena cardinalis eardinalis, 523.
rileyi, Pipilo alleni, 525.
rivalis, Echmatemys, 356.
riviveronis, Canis, 385.
Robin, eastern, 510.
southern, 511.
Robinia pseudoacacia, 93, 94.
robiniella, Agnopterix, 92.
Agonopterix, 46, 51, 92, 96-98, 281,
285.
Agonopteryx, 92.
Depressaria, 92.
rcbusta, Tachinomyia, 287, 291, 294.
robustus, Hoplophoneus, 318, 835, 344,
356.
roosevelti, Hlephas, 354.
rosaciliella, Agnopteryx, 83.
Agonopterix, 47, 50, 53, 88, 281,
285.
Agonopteryx, 88.
Depressaria, 838.
rosiciliella, Depressaria, 83.
rostrata, Anguilla, 418, 424, 440.
rostratus, Rhytinodon, 319.
rostrigera, Epicallima, 247.
rubra, Piranga rubra, 522.
rubrifrons, Notropis, 418, 419.
rufa, Osmia, 470.
Ruffed grouse, Canada, 489.
rufum, Toxostoma rufum, 510.
rugosa, Taenia, 439.
rugosidens, Palaeoscincus, 369.
rugosum, Abothrium, 418, 4389.
Dibothrium, 439.
rugosus, Glyptosaurus, 832, 376.
rugulosus, Monodontomerus, 461.
ruticilla, Setophaga, 520.
sabulella, Agnopteryx, 111.
Agonopterix, 45, 46, 49, 52, 111, 281,
286.
Agonopteryx, 111.
Depressaria, 111.
sagitta, Callionymus, 22.
sagittata, Balsamorhiza, 131, 1382.
Saliasterias, 447.
salicis, Stilpnotia, 295.
576
Salix sp., 34, 100.
salmoniflora, Leptotaenia, 184.
saltatrix, Pomatomus, 418, 484, 438.
Samia cecropia, 482.
Sand-dab, 426.
Sanderling, 491.
Sandpiper, eastern solitary, 491.
semipalmated, 491.
spotted, 491.
sanguinella, Agnopteryx, 123.
Agonopterix, 48, 50, 123, 282.
Agonopteryx, 123.
sanguinella, Depressaria, 123.
Sanicula, 93.
Saniwa agilis, 334.
crassa, 334.
ensidens, 334, 348.
grandis, 334.
paucidens, 334,
sanjuanensis, Alamosaurus, 365, 375.
Santuzza, 228.
Sapsucker, yellow-bellied, 495.
sarcitella, Anacampsis, 266.
Endrosis, 266, 267.
Sarda sarda, 418, 484, 435.
sativa, Pastinacea, 175.
satrapa, Regulus satrapa, 512.
saurus, Oligoplites. 418, 427.
savanna, Passerculus sandwichensis, 526.
saxatilis, Menticirrhus, 418, 427, 434.
Sayornis phoebe, 500.
scabella, Agnopteryx, 72.
Agonopterix, 45, 46, 51, 72, 75, 285.
Agonopteryx, 72, 75.
Depressaria, 72.
seabrella, Depressaria, 72.
scabriceps, Callionymus, 2, 4, 5 (fig.).
Seardia betulinella, 266.
Searritia canquelensis, 348, 374.
Scelidodon capellina, 330, 374.
Sceliphron cementarium, 470.
schaapii, Callionymus, 16, 17 (fig.).
schaefferella, Phalaena Tinea, 247.
Schiffermiilleria, 275-278.
Schiffermuelleria dimidiella, 249, 250.
edithella, 250.
lucidella, 251.
quadrimaculella, 248.
Schiffermiilleria, 40-42, 244, 246.
argenticinctella, 255.
dimidiella, 249.
edithella, 247, 248, 250, 278, 283.
formosella, 257.
lucidella, 247, 248, 251, 278, 288.
quadrimaculella, 247, 248, 279, 283.
schaefferella, 275-278.
sehinzi, Halitherium, 348.
Schisteopleurum, 341.
typus, 339, 348.
Schizodelphis, 370.
schneideri, Agriotherium, 335.
schoepfi, Ceratacanthus, 418, 428, 435.
Chilomycterus, 418, 420.
Schreibersite ?, 415.
schrottkyi, Monodontomerus, 461.
schucherti, Hadrianus, 353.
Pterosphenus, 353.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
vou. 90
sciadopa, Agonopterix, 45, 105, 144.
Depressaria, 144.
Martyrhilda, 126, 127, 144, 280, 284.
Scolopacidae, 490.
Scomber scombrus, 418, 435.
scombrus, Scomber, 418, 485.
seoparius, Cytisus, 115.
seorpii, Bothriocephalus, 418, 424, 426,
429.
secorpioides, Kinosternon, 458.
seoticum, Ligusticum, 173.
Seulpins, 429.
sculpta, Chelydra, 3382.
Trachemys, 368.
Scup, 435.
Sea stars, a new genus of, 447.
segnis, Chamops, 331, 376.
Seiurus aurocapillus, 518.
motacilla, 518.
noveboracensis notabilis, 518.
noveboracensis noveboracensis, 518.
sellardsi, Ardea, 334.
Testudo, 334.
sellardsiae, Odocoileus, 335.
Semioscopis, 36, 38, 40, 41, 48, 148, 149—
151.
acertella, 35, 270.
allenella, 146, 147.
aurorella, 150, 151, 160, 162, 163,
279, 283.
braunae, 150, 151, 159, 279, 284.
inornata, 150, 155, 279, 284.
inornatella, 155.
medunnoughi, 150, 151, 162, 279.
megamicrella, 150, 151, 157, 159, 160,
279, 284.
merriccella, 150-153, 279, 284.
packardella, 150, 151, 155, 279, 284.
steinkellneriana, 275, 277, 278.
strigulana, 157.
semipalmatus, Catoptrophorus semipal-
matus, 491.
Senecio aureus, 108.
serra, 89.
senecionella, Agonopteryx, 107.
Depressaria, 107.
seniciella, Depressaria, 107.
senicionella, Agnopteryx, 107.
Agonopterix, 48, 50, 52, 107, 281,
285.
Depressaria, 107.
Seriola lalandi, 418, 4385.
zonata, 418, 428.
serra, Senecio, 89.
serrae, Agonopterix, 45, 88-90.
Agonopteryx, 88.
Depressaria, 88.
serripennis, Stelgidopteryx ruficollis,
501.
Sesarma haematocheir, 379.
pictum, 379.
reticulatum, 379.
Setophaga ruticilla, 520.
Seymouria, 361.
shaleriella, Fabiola, 244, 246, 275, 276,
278.
Oecophora, 244.
INDEX
shalleriella, Borkhausenia, 244.
Fabiola, 244.
Oecophora, 244.
Shoshonensis, Plesippus, 348, 344, 369,
370, 371, 373.
Shrike, loggerhead, 518.
Sialia sialis sialis, 512.
sicarius, Eusmilus, 371.
Sidalcea malvaeflora, 137.
Siganorosis, 164.
silvestris, Meleagris gallopavo, 489.
simile, Diprion, 479.
similis, Prospherysa, 294.
Tachinomyia, 290, 294, 296 (fig.).
simplex, Lepisosteus, 356.
Spathebothrium, 418, 420.
simplicicornis, Callionymus, 22.
simus, Procyon, 350.
sincerella, Garrha, 199.
Sinopa grangeri, 348, 355.
Sinotocyphus, 543.
chinensis, 544, 545 (fig.).
Siphonocetus clarkianus, 335.
Sitta carolinensis atkinsi, 505.
carolinensis carolinensis, 505.
pusilla caniceps, 506.
pusilla pusilla, 506.
Sittidae, 505.
Sium lineare, 34, 173.
sloanii, Xenorophus, 335, 367.
Smilodon californicus, 330, 366.
Solidago, 77, 78.
solidaginis, Depressaria, 76.
solidum, Corallobothrium, 441.
solitaria, Tringa solitaria, 491.
sordidella, Martyrhilda, 126, 127, 182,
140, 280, 284.
sparcicella, Anesychia, 222.
Sparrow, Atlantie song, 529.
Bachman’s, 527.
eastern chipping, 528.
eastern field, 528.
eastern fox, 528.
eastern Savannah, 526,
eastern song, 529.
eastern swamp, 528.
eastern vesper, 527.
Labrador Savannah, 526.
Lincoln’s, 528.
Mississippi song, 529.
Nelson’s, 527.
sharp-tailed, 526.
southern sharp-tailed, 526.
western lark, 527.
white-throated, 528.
sparsiciliella, Anesychia, 217, 218, 222.
Cryptolechia, 222.
Inga, 218-220, 222, 224, 226, 274, 275,
QU.
Machimia, 223.
sparverius, Falco sparverius, 488.
Spathebothrium, 420.
simplex, 418, 420.
spelaeus, Ursus, 348.
sphacelina, Anoncia, 269.
Sphaeraleea munroana, 139.
sphaeralceae, Martyrhilda, 34, 125-127,
137, 188, 280, 284.
577
sphenodon, Glyptosaurus, 332, 376.
Sphoeroides maculatus, 418, 435.
Sphyrapicus varius varius, 495.
Spilocryptus extrematis, 482.
Spinus tristis tristis, 525.
Spizella passerina passerina, 528.
pusilla pusilla, 528.
splendidus, Callionymus, 26.
Synchiropus, 26.
Spurius; Icterus, 521.
Squalodon calvertensis, 364.
Squalus acanthias, 418, 438.
Squatina, 338, 355.
occidentalis, 331.
stachaedifolium, Eriophyllum, 112, 113.
stauroforus, Felichthys, 331.
Stegomastodon, 373.
arizonae, 342, 343, 363.
Stegosaurus, 319, 320, 341.
stenops, 321, 338, 341, 343.
suleatus, 321.
steinii, Diatryma, 363.
steinkellneriana, Epigraphia, 152, 153.
Phalaenae Tortrix, 149.
Semioscopsis, 275, 277, 278.
Stejneger, Leonhard, on Mexican turtles
of the genus Kinosternon, 457.
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis serripennis, 501.
stellaris, Cistothorus, 508.
stellaris, Cistothorus platensis, 509.
Stenasterias, 448.
stenodon, Tinosaurus, 334, 377.
Stenomylus hitchcocki, 330, 344, 363, 377.
stenopora, Toxochelys, 357.
stenops, Stegosaurus, 321, 338, 341, 343.
Stenosaurus bollensis, 338, 355.
Stenotomus chrysops, 418, 435.
sternbergi, Leidyosuchus, 3858.
Palaeoplancus, 371.
Polyglyphanodon, 348, 375.
Stilpnotia salicis, 295.
stipella, Borkhausenia, 259.
stonei, Quiscalus quiscalus, 522.
striatus, Centropristes, 418, 433.
strigatus, Chondestes grammacus, 527.
Strigidae, 492.
strigosa, Danaus berenice, 533, 540, 541.
strigulana, Semioscopis, 157.
Strix varia georgica, 492.
strobili, Monodontomerus, 461.
Struthio andersoni, 375.
Struthiocephalus whaitsi, 367.
Sturnella magna argutula, 521.
Stylemys nebrascensis, 333, 358.
Styracosaurus ovatus, 3869.
subditella, Endrosis, 266, 267.
Gelechia, 266.
subis, Progne subis, 501.
subobsoletus, Monodontomerus, 463, 480.
Sula avita, 335, 374.
suleatus, Stegosaurus, 321.
Triceratops, 319.
sulphurella, Oecophora, 237.
Sunfish, 423.
superstei, Aspideretes, 375.
sursiplana, Balaenoptera, 335.
swainsoni, Hylocichla ustulata, 511.
578
Swallow, barn, 501.
rough-winged, 501.
tree, 501.
Swanka maculata, 457.
sylvestris, Bison, 368.
Glyptosaurus, 382, 376.
Sylviidae, 512.
Symbos, 355.
eavifrons, 359, 362, 375.
terrelli, 356.
symmochlota, Depressaria, 192.
Synchiropus, 1, 23, 26, 29.
goramensis, 30.
grinnelli, 23, 24, 25 (fig.).
ocellatus, 26.
opercularis, 27.
pallidus, 23 (fig.).
splendidus, 26.
tentaculatus, 30.
Synechodus clarkii, 331.
Syrictes fuscus, 418, 435.
Syringa vulgaris, 201.
Tachina, 287.
irrequieta, 291.
panaetius, 291.
pansa, 291.
violenta, 291.
Tachinidae, 293, 479, 482.
Tachinomyia, 287, 288, 289.
acosta, 290, 296 (fig.), 297, 299, 302.
apicata, 288, 290, 293, 296 (fig.).
cana, 290, 297, 298.
dakotensis, 289, 290, 302.
floridensis, 287, 288, 289, 293.
nigricans, 290, 295, 296 (fig.), 301,
302.
panaetius, 288, 290, 291, 296 (fig.).
robusta, 287, 291, 294.
similis, 290, 294, 296 (fig.).
variata, 290, 291, 296 (fig.), 297, 298,
299.
Taenia, 440.
dilatata, 440.
rugosa, 4389.
Tanager, searlet, 522.
summer, 522.
Tantalus milne-edwardsi, 354.
Taphrosphys miocenica, 333.
taurea, Melitoma, 474.
taurus, Osmia, 480.
Tautoga onitis, 418, 421.
Tautoglabrus adspersus, 418, 435.
tecta, Fabiola, 246, 278.
Telacodon praestans, 319.
Teleoceras, 325, 330.
fossiger, 322, 340, 343, 351.
Telmatodytes, 508.
palustris griseus, 508, 509.
palustris iliacus, 509.
palustris palustris, 507.
palustris waynei, 507, 508, 509.
tentaculata, Amora, 30.
tentaculus, Synchiropus, 30.
Tenthredinoidea, 482.
tentoriferella, Cryytolechia, 200.
Machimia, 34, 199, 200, 275, 277,
278.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
VoL. 90
tentorifuella, Machimia, 200.
tenuiflora, Psoralea, 121.
tenuis, Urophycis, 418, 488, 440.
terebrans, Caryophyllaeus, 418, 419.
Monobothrium, 419.
teres, Iguanavus, 332, 376.
terinella, Agonopterix, 45, 88, 89, 90.
Agonopterix, 88.
Depressaria, 88.
Terrapene antipex, 333.
formosa, 333.
innoxia, 333.
whitneyi, 362.
terrelli, Symbos, 356.
testifica, Agonopterix, 45, 57.
Depressaria, 56, 57.
Testudo culbertsoni, 309, 333, 351.
distans, 3388.
ducateli, 333.
equicomes, 333, 3866.
hayi, 333.
incisa, 333.
luciae, 333.
ocalana, 384.
oweni, 351.
sellardsi, 334.
Tetraonidae, 489.
Tetrapterus, 432.
albidus, 482.
texanum, Nothrotherium, 360.
Thecachampsa marylandica, 334.
thelmae, Agonopterix, 47, 51, 96, 285.
Thema, 231.
brevivitella, 231.
Thescelosaurus neglectus, 343.
Thespesius (Trachodon) annectens, 340,
348, 353.
occidentalis, 310.
Thinosaurus agilis, 334, 376.
crassus, 334, 376.
grandis, 334, 376.
leptodus, 334, 376.
paucidens, 334, 376.
thoracefasciella, Agnopteryx, 136.
Agonopterix, 136.
Depressaria, 186.
Gelechia, 136.
Martyrhilda, 126, 127, 136, 280, 284.
thoracenigraeella, Agnopteryx, 135.
Agonopterix, 135.
Agonopteryx, 135.
Depressaria, 135.
Gelechia, 135.
Martyrhilda, 126, 127, 135, 280, 284.
thoracia, Clisiocampa, 295.
thoracifasciella, Depressaria, 136.
Thoracosaurus neocesariensis, 351.
Thrasher, eastern brown, 510.
Thraupidae, 522.
Thrush, Bicknell’s, 512.
eastern hermit, 511.
eastern olive-backed, 511.
gray-cheeked, 511.
wood, 511.
Thryomanes bewicki bewicki, 507.
Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus,
507.
thula, Leucophoyx thula, 487.
INDEX
Tichonia, 43.
tigrina, Dendroica, 515.
tiliaria, Erannis, 302.
tinctoria, Baptisia, 95.
Tinea avellanella, 149.
betulinella, 266,
eancella, 235.
depunctella, 114.
forficella, 230.
formosella, 257.
gilvella, 43.
honorella, 2380.
hypericella, 43.
Tinosaurus lepidus, 334, 377.
stenodon, 334, 377.
Titanoides primaevus, 360.
titea, Phigalia, 302.
Titmouse, tufted, 504.
tobagi, Danaus plexippus, 533, 538.
togata, Bonasa umbellus, 489.
Depressaria, 165, 190, 283.
toliapica, Odontopteryx, 3848.
Tomarctus marylandica, 376.
tomeod, Microgadus, 418, 420, 421, 434,
435, 440.
Tomistoma americana, 384.
terreyi, Cassidix major, 522,
Tortrix fagana, 235.
quereana, 234,
Torymus, 479.
dentipes, 477.
Towhee, Alabama, 524.
red-eyed, 524.
white-eyed, 524.
Toxochelys stenopora, 357.
Toxodon, 352.
Toxostoma rufum rufum, 510.
Trachemys nuchocarinata, 334.
sculpta, 368.
Trachodon, 340.
Trachurops crumenophthalmus, 418, 428.
tremuloides, Populus, 217.
Tretulias beecatus, 335.
triacanthus, Poronotus, 418, 428, 434.
Triaenophoridae, 422.
Triceratops, 338, 341, 342.
ecalicornis, 319, 341.
elatus, 340, 341, 348, 351.
(Diceratops) hatcheri, 341.
obtusus, 319.
suleatus, 319.
trichas, Geothlypis trichas, 519.
trichiopthalmus, Monodontomerus, 461.
Triclonella, 35, 269.
antidectis, 247, 270.
determinatella, 270.
pergandeella, 269, 270, 274, 276, 278.
trifoliata, Ptelea, 73, 102, 103.
trigama, Cryptolechia, 219, 224.
Inga, 219, 224.
Trigodon, 352.
Trigonias, 376.
osborni, 330, 3438, 372.
Trilophodon angustidens, 368.
trimaculella, Eumeyrickia, 274,
278.
trimaculellus, Chaetochilus, 271.
276-
579
Trinacromerum bentonianum, 3834, 366.
Tringa solitaria solitaria, 491.
Trionyx foveatus, 310.
tripos, Hadrosaurus, 332, 358.
tristis, Spinus tristis, 525.
Trochilidae, 493.
Troglodytes aédon aédon, 506.
aédon baldwini, 506.
Troglodytidae, 506.
Troilite, 415.
Troddon wyomingensis, 370.
Trypoxylon mexicanum, 469.
tuberculata, Nardoa, 455.
tubicen, Parasaurolophus, 369.
tumulosa, Nardoa, 455.
Turdidae, 510.
Turdus migratorius achrusterus, 511.
migratorius migratorius, 510.
Turkey, eastern, 489.
turneri, Leuciscus, 351.
Tursiops, 376.
Turtles, Mexican, of the genus Kino-
sternon, 457.
Tylosaurus proriger, 348, 362.
Tylosurus caribbaeus, 418, 432.
typhicola, Geothlypis trichas, 519.
typicum, Eriophyllum lantanum, 112,
1138.
typus, Pelagosaurus, 352.
Schistopleurum, 339, 348.
Tyrannidae, 499.
Tyrannus tyrannus tyrannus, 499.
Uintatherium mirabile, 356.
Ulias moratus, 835.
umbellana, Pyralis, 174, 175.
Umbelliferae, 33.
umbelius, Bonasa, 489.
umbraticostella, Agnopteryx, 130.
Agonopierix, 1380.
Agonopteryx, 130.
Depressaria, 180.
Martyrhilda, 125-127, 130, 280, 284.
umbrithorax, Callionymus, 2, 3 (fig.).
Urasterias, 448.
Urophycis chuss, 418, 429, 435, 438.
tenuis, 418, 438, 440.
Ursus procerus, 854.
spelaeus, 343.
Urtica, 77.
usticensis, Monodontomerus, 461.
yagans, Oreosaurus, 333, 377.
Xestops, 333.
valenciennei, Callionymus, 22.
valenciennesi, Callinoymus, 22.
Calliurichthys, 22.
valens, Paurodon, 319.
varia, Mniotilta, 514.
yariabilis, Campodus (Agassizodus),
337, 365.
Nepanthia, 454 (fig.).
variata, Tachinomyia, 290, 291, 296
(fig.), 297, 298, 299.
variegatus, Phaeopus phaeopus, 490.
variolata, Nardoa, 482.
varius, Sphyrapicus varius, 495.
580
Veery, 512.
velox, Accipiter striatus, 487.
Clidastes, 358.
venezuelanum, Prepotherium, 335, 374.
venustus, Laodon, 319.
veredus, Bathornis, 334.
Vermivora chrysoptera, 514.
peregrina, 514.
pinus, 514.
vero, Larus, 334.
Vertebrate paleontology, a history of the
division of, in the United States Na-
tional Museum, 305.
vetusta, Hemerocampa, 295.
viaemalae, Dystrophaeus, 309, 346.
vianai, Monodontomerus, 461.
victus, Compsemys, 310.
villosus, Dryobates villosus, 495.
violenta, Tachina, 291.
virens, Dendroica virens, 516.
Icteria virens, 520.
Monodontomerus, 461, 479.
Myiochanes, 501.
Pollachius, 418, 428, 440.
Vireo, mountain, 513.
red-eyed, 514.
white-eyed, 513.
yellow-throated, 518.
Vireo flavifrons, 513.
griseus griseus, 513.
olivaceus, 514.
solitarius alticola, 518.
Vireonidae, 513.
virescens, Empidonax, 500.
virginiana, Amyda, 331, 370.
Ostrya, 196.
virginianus, Colinus virginianus, 489.
Palaeophis, 353, 393.
Peritresius, 333, 374.
virginicum, Hypericum, 59.
viridiscapus, Monodontomerus, 462, 467.
vitabilis, Euarctos, 348.
volitans, Exocoetus, 418, 433.
vulgaris, Artemisia, 67.
Syringa, 201.
Vulpes palmaria, 335.
walsinghamella, Agonopterix, 47, 50, 53,
78, 281, 285.
Agonopteryx, 78.
Depressaria, 78.
walsinghamiella, Agonopterix, 78.
Agonopteryx, 78.
Warbler, bay-breasted, 517.
black-and-white, 514.
Blackburnian, 516.
black-throated blue, 516.
black-throated green, 516.
blue-winged, 514.
Cairn’s, 516.
Canada, 520.
Cape May, 515.
chestnut-sided, 517.
eastern yellow, 515.
golden-winged, 614.
hooded, 520.
Kentucky, 518.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
vou. 90
Warbler, magnolia, 515.
myrtle, 516.
northern parula, 515.
northern pine, 517.
northern prairie, 517.
prothonotary, 514.
southern parula, 515.
Tennessee, 514.
Wayne’s, 516.
western palm, 517.
yellow-throated, 517.
Wasp, psammocharid, a new genus of,
from China, 543.
Water-thrush, Grinnell’s, 518.
Louisiana, 518.
northern, 518.
Waxwing, cedar, 513.
waynei, Dendroica virens, 516.
Rallus longirostris, 490.
Telmatodytes palustris, 507, 508,
509.
Webber, Ray T., on synopsis of tachinid
flies of the genus Tachinomyia, with
descriptions of new species, 287.
weillsi, Jabiru, 334, 363.
westoni, Cassidix mexicanus, 522.
Wetmore, Alexander, on birds of North
Carolina, 483.
whaitsi, Struthiocephalus, 367.
whitmani, Depressaria, 166-168, 182, 189,
282, 286.
whitneyi, Terrapene, 362.
Willet, eastern, 491.
wilsoni, Cancrincola, 379, 385.
wilsonia, Charadrius wilsonia, 490.
Wilsonia canadensis, 520.
citrina, 520.
Woodpecker, eastern hairy, 495.
eastern red-headed, 494.
northern downy, 496.
northern red-cockaded, 497.
red-bellied, 494.
southern downy, 496.
southern hairy, 495.
southern pileated, 494.
Wren, Bewick’s, 507.
Carolina, 507.
eastern house, 506.
eastern winter, 506.
long-billed marsh, 507.
prairie marsh, 509.
short-billed marsh, 509.
southern winter, 507.
Wayne’s marsh, 508.
Worthington’s marsh, 509.
wyomingensis, Neurankylus, 359.
Troddon, 370.
Xanthoxylum americanum, 102.
Xenorophus sloanii, 335, 367.
Xestops gracilis, 332.
lentus, 332.
microdus, 333.
minutus, 333.
vagans, 333.
<3
INDEX 581
Xiphias gladius, 418, 422. yukonensis, Ovibos, 356.
(?) radiata, 331. ,
Xiphotrygon acutidens, 353. Zarhachis, 366.
flagellator, 564.
. aaa 71 | zatrephes, Lepidozancla, 200.
eee Se Se tesa Zenaidura macroura carolinensis, 491.
: : : Zeuglodon hydrarchus, 357.
Yarrow, 181. zonata, Seriola, 418, 428.
yeatiana, Depressaria, 80. Zonotrichia albicollis, 528.
Yellowthroat, Athens, 519. zuniensis, Gidleya, 356.
Maryland, 519. Zygonectes diaphanus, 418, 429, 441.
northern, 518. Zygorhiza kochii, 357, 370.
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