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President.
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PROCEEDINOS
OF THE
Natural Oas Association
of America
TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING
HELD AT
The Broadway Auditorium, Buffalo, New York
May 15th, 1 6th and i?th, 191?
Published by the Association
Edited by the SecreUry.
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J>
-^
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PROCEEDINGS
OF THe
Natural Gas Association
of America
TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING
HELD AT
The Broadway Auditorium, Buffalo, New York
May 15th, 1 6th and i?th, 191?
Published by the Association
Edited by the SecreUry.
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TMI r. J. HBCK FKINTING CO.
COLUMSVI, OHIO
1917
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OFFICERS
OP THE
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION
OF AMERICA 1916-1917
PRESIDENT
Joseph F. Guffey Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
VICE PRESIDENT
Glenn T. Braden Tulsa, Oklahoma.
SECRETARY AND TREASURER
Thomas C. Jones Delaware, Ohio.
RESIDENT secretary
David O. Holbrook Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
DIRECTORS
James B. Crawford Oil City, Pennsylvania.
John R. Munce Little Rock, Arkansas.
Kay C. Krick Columbus, Ohio.
Austin G. Curtis Shreveport, Louisiana.
Harry J. Hoover Cincinnati, Ohio.
Vincent L. Elbert Saint Joseph, Missouri.
Bert C. Oliphant Buffalo, New York.
Alfred Hxjrlburt Kansas City, Missouri.
James C. Dufheld London, Ontario.
Ogden K. Shannon Fort Worth, Texas.
Arthur Booth Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Fred P. Grosscup Charleston, W. Virginia.
(1)
363634
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CONTENTS
PAGE
Twelfth Annual Meeting — Members in Attendance 13
Address of Welcome, Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann 22
Response to Address of Welcome, Mr. John M. Garard 25
Report of the Board of Directors 29
Report of Committee on New Members 31
Election of New Members 32
Report of the Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. T. C. Jones 45
Report of the Auditing Committee 47
Address of the President, Mr. Joseph F. Guffey 48
Committee on President's Address 53
Papers Presented —
The Effect of Publicity on Business Relations, Mr. John W.
Lansley 54
Co-operation Between Buyer and Seller of Natural Gas Sup-
plies, Mr. Larmour Adams 84
Efficiency in the Operation of Gas Compressing Stations, Mr.
Thomas B. Weymoutli 93
Mixed Artificial and Natural Distribution in Cities, Mr. Alex-
ander B. Macbeth Ill
Rates, Mr. Leslie B. Denning 333
Mobilizing of Industry for War, Mr. A. C. Bedford 366
Deep Well Drilling, Mr. A. R. Gray 382
Wrought Iron Pipe for Use in Natural Gas Field, Mr. James
Aston 399
Wrinkle Department 145
Report of the Committee on Awards for the Wrinkle Department.. 321
Report of the Committee on Conservation 323
Report of the Committee Pledging Support to the President 378
Report of the Committee on Uniform Accounting 379
Report of the Committee on National Gas Safety Code 380
Report of Joint National Committee on Electrolysis 418
Report of Committee on Ways and Means 420
Report of Committee on Memorials 422
Report of Committee on President's Address 423
Report of Committee on Time and Place of Next Meeting 424
Report of Committee on Nominations 432
Election of Officers 434
Adjournment 436
(3)
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APPENDIX
PAGE
Officers of the Association, 1917-1918 439
Past Presidents 440
Past Annual Meetings - 440
Standing Committees 441
Directory of Membership —
Honorary 445
Active 445
Summary of Classes of Membership 518
Geographical Distribution 519
Summary of Geograpihical Distribution 550
The Association of Natural Gas Supply Men, Officers 1917-1918
and Directory of Membership 551
(4)
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WRINKLE DEPARTMENT
Subject and Contributor.
PAGB
Editor, Mr. \V. Re. Brown, Columbus, Ohio; Assistant Editor, Mr.
Alfred J. Diescher, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 145
No. 1. Method of Thawing Out Service Lines Without Cutting
Pavement, Mr. A. W. Gavin 146
No. 2. Automobile Inner Tube to Stop Flow of Gas, Mr. W.
W. Bruce 147
No. 3. Changing Steam Boilers From Oil to Gas Without De-
lay, Mr. J. T. Creighton 149
No. 4. Combination Gas or Oil Burner, Mr. George Horsley, Jr. 149
Xo. 5. Tubular Boiler Used as Natural Gas Separator, Mr. W.
H. Sedberry 149
No. 6. Prevent Passing of Un-registcred Gas by Tipping, Mr.
G. C. Reed 152
No. 7. Lock and Cap for Gate Valves, Mr. W. G. Hagan 153
No. 8. To Prevent Long Maps From Trailing on the Floor, The
East Ohio Gas Company 154
No. J). Extension Stem for Gate Valve to Be Used in High
Water, Mr. A. E. McKiearana 155
No. 10. Tank for Cleaning and Straining Gasoline, Mr. Jas.
McCarty 155
No. 11. To Remove Heavy Boulders, Mr. James J. Cummins 156
No. 12. Tool for Pulling Test Bar From Pavement Over Main
Line, Mr. W. J. Gagen 157
No. 13. Easy Way to Repair Leak, Mr. Ed. Canny 158
No. 14. Notice Card. Mr. O. M. Baldwin 158
No. 15. Repairing High Pressure Leaks, Mr. J. F. Palmer 159
No. 16. To Prevent Tipping of Gas Meters, Mr. J. H. Stinson.. 161
No. 17. Protection for Gas Gravity Tester, Mr. C. E. Brock.... 161
No. 18. Combination Method of Using Natural Gas and Refuse
of Wood Working Plants as Fuel for Power Plants, Mr.
W. T. Roberts and Mr. C. W. Kramer 164
No. 19. Device for Filling Meter Prover With Gas, Mr. J. R.
Gilbert 164
No. 20. To Ventilate Regulator Pit, Mr. J. H. Stinson 165
Xo. 21. Warning Bell Attached to Prover, Mr. J. R. Gilbert 166
(5)
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WRINKLE DEPARTMENT
PAGE
No. 22. Device to Prevent Reversing of Inlet and Outlet of
Meter, Mr. G. C Reed 166
Valve Reseating Tool, Mr. L. E. Snider 166
Road Drag, Mr. H. O. Ballard 168
Adjustable Meter Support, Mr. O. C. Hartsough 169
Multiple Rate Cap for Testing Meters, Mr. E. C Weis-
gerber 160
Forms for Keeping Record and Tests and Location of
Proportional Meters, Mr. C. W. Kramer 171
Valve for Gas Bag Tube, Mr. Wm. Hagan 174
Regulator Control, Mr. R. B. Lloyd 174
Main Line Repair Sleeve, Mr. Len Ryan 175
Rubber Gaskets for Meter Connections, Mr. E. A. Mc-
Sherry 176
Oil-Steam Burner for Boilers, Mr. E. Wilberding 176
Mixer on Gasoline Engine to Burn Natural Gas, Mr. F.
F. Doyle • 176
Erect Signs to Show Location of Lines, Mr. H. P. Zies-
chang 178
Use Staple in Place of Tack, Mr. William Heazlett 179
Baffle Tee Drip With Automatic Blow Off, Mr. R. B.
Lloyd 180
Measuring the Specific Gravity of a Small Sample of Gas,
Mr. E. E. Lyder 180
To Enlarge Capacity of Meters, Mr. J. R. Gilbert 182
Tong for Compressing Rubber Coupling, Mr. E. H. Cy-
phert 182
Always Repeat Telephone Orders, Mr. James J. Cum-
mings 182
Drain for Meters, Mr. J. R. Gilbert 184
Coupon Cutting Machine That Saves Time, Mr. F. W.
Scovell 186
Stopping Leaks on a Leaded Sleeve Joint, Mr. F. Dooling 186
A Wrinkle Worth Trying, Mr. George B. Sipe 187
Tool for Starting Meter Packing Nut, Mr. Wm. Taylor. 190
Non-inflammable Gate Box, Mr. R. B. Lloyd 190
Drip that Stops More Liquid, Mr. Elting Henderson 191
Natural Equal to Artificial Gas in Brazing and Melting
Gold, Mr. S. E. Hafer 191
Method of Cleaning Mercury, Mr. Frederick P. Doyle.. 192
Welded By-Pass Around Gate Valve, Mr. H. C. Hutchings 192
Method of Cooling Water Jacket for a Gas Engine,
Mr. Frederick P. Doyle 19S
No.
23.
No.
24.
No.
25.
No.
26.
No.
27.
No.
28.
No.
29.
No.
30.
No.
31.
No.
32.
No.
as.
No.
34.
No.
35.
No.
36.
No.
37.
No.
38.
No.
39.
No.
40.
No.
41.
No.
42.
No.
43.
No.
44.
No.
45.
No.
46.
No.
47.
No.
48.
No.
49.
No.
50.
No.
51.
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WRINKLE DEPARTMENT
PAGE
Printed Notices, Mr. V. A. Goble 198
Locating Accounts for Meter Readers, Mr. Robert W.
Goodnow 195
Welded Swedge Nipple, Mr. John Fink 198
Device for Carrying No. 1 and No. 2 Tobey Meters, Mr.
A. H. Fricker 199
Qean This Screen Without Tools, Mr. L. M. Merrill... 199
Underreamer Fishing Tool, Mr. G. J. McKinley 201
Method of Testing Gas for Gasoline 202
Stopping a Sand-Hole Leak in a 16-inch Gate Flange, Mr.
J. Sullivan 203
A Dirt Trap, Mr. Chas. L. Bullock 204
Meter House Heater, Mr. W. J. Hinchey 205
Orifice Tester and Tables, Mr. E. O. Hickstein 205
Device for Raising Meter Prover by Air, Mr. A. H.
Fricker 211
Method of Using Hot Flue Gases to Dry Brick, Messrs.
W. T. Roberts and C. W. Kramer 212
Method to Prevent Use of Un-Registered Gas by Tipping,
Mr. G. C Reed 214
Welding Tap Without Shutting Off Gas, Mr. L. B. Benson 214
Method to Detect Whether Meter Has Been Tipped and
Gas Not Registered, Mr. G. C. Reed 216
Three-In-One Wrinkle That Helps Joplin, Missouri, Mr.
B. J. Crahan 217
Flash Light Batteries, Mr. A. H. Fricker 219
Device for Testing Tops of Meters, Mr. J. R. Gilbert... 220
Thermometer Holder, Mr. J. R. Gilbert 220
Method of Repairing and Straightening Piston Sleeve,
Mr. J. A. Remler 220
Dipping Pot for Soldering Irons, Mr. J. R. Gilbert 223
East Method of Replacing Rubbers in Low Pressure
Regulators, Mr. C. R. Jones 223
Gasometer in Connection With Regulator, Mr. Charles L.
Bullock 224
Safety-First Meter Shut-Off Wrench, Mr. V. O. Goble. . 225
Valve Grinder for Tobey Meters, Mr. J. R. Gilbert 226
Suggested Uses for Meter Order, Mr. Maurice J. Adams. 226
To Qean Hard Paint From Meters, Mr. J. R. Gilbert... 230
Meter Lead Wrench, Mr. V. A. Goble 230
Mud Mixer, Mr. J. J. Schubert 231
A Neat Combination Welded Vent, The East Ohio Gas
Company / 231
No.
52.
No.
53.
No.
54.
No.
55.
No.
56.
No.
57.
No.
58.
No.
59.
No.
60.
No.
61.
No.
62.
No.
63.
No.
64.
No.
65.
No.
66.
No.
67.
No.
68.
No.
69.
No.
70.
No.
71.
No.
72.
No.
73.
No.
74.
No.
75.
No.
76.
No.
77.
No.
78.
No.
79.
No.
80.
No.
81.
No.
82.
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WRINKLE DEPARTMENT
PAGE
Combination Socket and Gate Bolt Wrench, Mr. Ltn Ryan 234
Welding Drill Stem by Oxy-Acetylene Process, Mr. H.
O. Ballard 235
Stuffing Box Wrench, Mr. Leo Svoboda 236
Combined Revolution Counter and Recording Pressure
Gauge, Mr. W. C. Baxter 236
Strainer for Gas Mains, Mr. F. Dooling 237
Welded Well Drip and Well Connection, Mr. D. E.
Shader 238
Method of Making a Handy Map Case, Mr. S. A. Mc-
Cune 239
To Prevent Tin Meters From Rusting, Mr. A. H. Fricker 241
Meter House Heater, Mr. H. O. Ballard 241
Weekly Report of Services and Meters by City Plant Dis-
tricts, Mr. C. W. Kramer 243
Main Line Drip, Mr. Ross M. Stuntz 243
Orange Peel Bull Plug, Mr. Jolm Fink 246
Ten-Inch Expansion Sleeve Made in Kansas, Mr. J. A.
Remler 247
Improved Regulator, Mr. G. T. Spettigue 247
Combination Gas Gauge and Signal Bell, Mr. G. C. Tucker 250
Method to Prevent Tipping of Meters, Mr. G. C. Reed.. 250
Fire Extinguishing Gas Hood for Burning Gas Wells,
Mr. H. O. Ballard 250
Magnetic- Air-Whistle for Telephone Alarm, for Use in
Gas Compressing Stations, Mr. W. E. Nestor 254
Rubber Joint Leak Clamp, Mr. R. B. Lloyd 256
To Drain Water From Line, Mr. Corwin Andrews 258
Gas Burners That Permit Burning of Other Fuel, Mr.
Edwin C Merrill 258
No. 104. Hydrometer for Taking the Specific Gravity of Mud-
Laden Fluid, Mr. J. R. Stewart 260
No. 105. Leave Sections of Pavement to Prevent Cave-In, Mr.
James J. Cummins 262
Interior Fireplace Design, Mr. F. R. Hutchinson 262
Paste Information on Meter, Mr, Thomas E. Balkin 264
The Automatic Multiplying Device, Mr. H. G. Matheny. 265
It Pays to Test Rock Pressure, Mr. David White 268
Wrench for Taking Pipe Out of Ditch, Mr. James P.
Strickler 269
Mercury Differential Gauge, Mr. James P. Strickler 271
Automatic Orifice Meter Control, Mr. T. H. Kerr 271
Meter Gage Vise, Mr. J. H. Schalek 277
No.
83.
No.
84.
No.
85.
No.
86.
No.
87.
No.
88.
No.
89.
No.
90.
No.
91.
No.
92.
No.
93.
No.
94.
No.
95.
No.
96.
No.
97.
No.
98.
No.
99.
No.
100.
No.
101.
No.
102.
No.
103.
No.
106.
No.
107.
No.
108.
No.
109.
No.
110.
No.
Ill,
No.
112.
No.
113.
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WRINKLE DEPARTMENT
PAGE
No. 114. One Man Can Remove Diaphragm Top. Mr. John W.
Lehew 277
No. 115. Standard Meter Setting, Mr. W. A. Ashley 277
No. 116. Making a 15 Bank Adding Machine Into One of Six
Banks, Mr. C. C Phillips 280
No. 117. Moisture-Proof Container for Recording Gauge Charts,
Mr. J. H. Schalek 281
No. 118. Stamp Number of Feet of Pipe in Each Service, Mr.
W. A. Ashley 282
No. 119. Precaution Necessary in Cities Where Two Gas Com-
panies Are in Opposition to One Another, Mr. W. B.
Davies 283
No. 120. Improved Disc For Gate Valves, Mr. H. P. Zieschang... 283
No. 121. Table Showing the Accuracy of a Gas Meter on Very
Light Pressures, Mr. W. B. Davies 284
No. 122. Method of Detecting Leaking **Dead-Weight" Safety
Valves While in Service, Mr. J. H. Schalek 286
No. 123. Rule for Measuring Pipe When Piled, Mr. A. L.
Schneider 287
No. 124. This Swab Does the Work and Saves Money, Mr. A. E.
Boyd 289
No. 125. Temporary Method of Stopping Leaks, Mr. G. C. Roberts 290
No. 126. Apparatus for the Accurate Determination of Specific
Gravity of Gases, Mr. T. H. Kerr and Mr. E. F. Schmidt 291
No. 127. A Method of Extinguishing Burning Gas Leaks on Main
Lines, Mr. F. L. Kellogg 294
No. 128. Apparatus to Determine Direction of Flow, Mr. J. H.
Schalek 295
No. 129. Use Spring in Place of Weight on Valves, Mr. T. J.
Thatcher 296
No. 130. Five Wrinkles for Operation Offices, Mr. John M. Cronin 297
No. 131. A Portable Test Gauge, Mr. T. H. Kerr 298
No. 132. By, Mr. A. G. Boyd 304
No. 133. Conversion Chart, Mr. J. H. Schalek 305
No. 134. "The Gas Circle," Mr. C. C. Phillips 306
No. 135. Thermometer Comparison Chamber, Mr. J. H. Schalek. . 308
No. 136. Method for Repairing Split Center Ring, Mr. H. P.
Zieschang 309
No. 137. Leak Detector for Gas Line in Casing, Mr. H. H. Har-
rington 310
No. 138. To Prevent Regulators From Freezing, Mr. John L.
Neely 310
No. 139. Controlling Two Sources of Gas Supply, Mr. John L.
Neely 812
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10 WRINKLE DEPARTMENT
PAGE
No. 140. A Home Made Gas Mask, Mr. H. H. Harrington 313
No. 141. Adjustable Meter Prover Check, Mr. J. J. Buchanan.... 813
No. 142. Outfil for Casing Meters, Mr. C. E. Pratt 315
No. 143. Loyalty — The Essential Power of Man, Mr. G. R.
Carpenter 316
No. 144. Speed in Using Blotting; Paper, Mr. M. A. Rady 317
No. 145. Flowometer and Gauge Arrangement Saves Time, Mr. C.
E. Pratt 317
Wrinkle No. 4-11-44, Mr. F. H. Walker 318
Discussion by the Editor, Mr. W. Re. Brown 319
Discussion by the Assistant Editor, Mr. Alfred J. Diescher 320
Report of the Committee on Awards for the Wrinkle De-
partment 321
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LIST OF PAPERS AND DISCUSSIONS
Subject and Speaker.
The Effect of Publicity on Business Relations — page
J. W. Lansley 54
M. Saul 67
J. F. Guffey 69, 70, 73, 77, 79
H. J. Hoover 69
F. W. Stone 70
W. R. Brown 73, 76
G. Yardley 76
S. M. Douglass 77
L. B. Denning 79
Co-operation Between Buyer and Seller of Natural Gas Supplies —
L. Adams 84
J. F. Guffey 92
Efficiency in the Operation of Gas Compressing Stations —
T. B. Weymouth 93, 108
E. D. Leiand 101
J. F. Guffey 104, 106, 108, 109
J. Glass 104
L. C. Frohrieb 106
Mixed Artificial and Natural Distribution in Cities —
A. B. Macbeth Ill
J. F. Guffey 133, 134, 138, 140, 142, 144
W. Y. Cartwright 134
M. B. Daly 134
W. S. Blauvelt 134
J. H. Maxon 139
R. W. Gallagher 140
F. P. Fisher 142
Rates —
L. B. Denning 333, 354, 360
J. F. Guffey 339, 342, 348, 350, 364, 358, 360
J. H. Maxon 340
(11)
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12 UST OF PAPERS AND DISCUSSIONS
VAGE,
R. H. Bartlett 342
H. J. Hoover 348
F. W. Stone 350
M. B. Layton 354
J. W. McMahon 358
J. M. Garard 363
Mobilizing of Industry for War —
A. C. Bedford 366
Deep Well Drilling —
A. R. Gray 382
J. F. Guffey 397, 398
J. C McDowell 397
Wrought Iron Pipe for Use in Natural Gas Field —
J. Aston 399, 414
J. F. Guffey 408, 414
F. N. Speller 409
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING
OF THE
Natural Gas Association
of America
HELD
MAY 15th, 16th and 17th, 1917
PROCEEDINGS
FIRST DAY — MORNING SESSION.
Tuesday, May 15, 1917.
The Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Natural Gas Associa-
tion of America convened at The Broadway Auditorium, Buffalo,
New York, at 10 o'clock, A. M., May 15th, 1917, with Joseph
F. GufFey, of Pittsburgh, Pa., as President, and Thomas C.
Jones of Delaware, Ohio, as Secretary.
The following members reported their attendance:
Abbott, C. G.
Adams, C H.
Adams, W. H.
Adams, W. N.
Adolph, Peter
Aggeks, E. W.
Alberty, p. a.
Amey, L. C.
Anderson, E. L.
Angel, Joseph E.
Armstrong, A. A.
Arnold, W. H.
Arras, W. H.
Ashley, Walter A.
Ayer, J. W.
Bagley, W. H.
Bahan, J. R.
Baker, A. G.
Baldwin, O. M.
Ballard, A. N.
Ballard, H. O.
Barger, L. F.
Barnes, R. B.
Bartlett, E. O.
(13)
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14
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Bartlett, J. C.
Bartlett, R. H.
Bartley, E. L.
Bass, W. H.
Beatty, D.
Bell, Chas. D.
Benner, George K.
Benninger, H. H.
Benninger, R. E.
Berger, C. O.
Berry, Dr. R. N.
Berry, C. P.
Berwald, p. M.
BlELER, O.
BiGELOW, L. S.
Billingsley, J. E,
Bishop, Harry W., Jr.
Black, T. M.
Blackall, T. p.
Blake, E. F.
BLauvett, W. S.
Blewett, John T.
Booth, Arthur
Booth, George
boothe, r. e.
Borchard, C. E.
Boyle, S. C.
Braden, G. T.
Braden, H. W.
Bradford, F. J.
Brady, M. A.
Bradley, Harry
Bradley, J. B.
Bragdon, H. K.
Brandel, S. F.
Brennan, H. W.
Brinham, a. L.
Brink, G. R.
Brink, R. W.
Broder, W. J.
Brooks, R. A.
Brown, D. J.
Brown, L. A.
Brown, L. E. H.
Brown, W. L.
Brown, W. Re.
Bruckner, O. L.
Brunner, E.
Bullock, Charles L.
Bullock, George
Bullock, W. E.
Burkhalter, R. J.
Burr, R. B.
Burnett, Jerome
BuRREss, George H.
BURSON, H. W.
Butler, C. L.
Cain, W. J.
Callahan, J. T.
Campbell, Jos. T.
Carey, W. C.
Carpenter, Everett
Carl, L. F.
Carter, Clarence E.
Cartwright, W. Y.
Case, L. L.
Casto, a. T.
Clark, C. L.
Clark, James
Clarkson, R. L.
Clawson, T, B.
Cleary, J. D.
Clemens, Hays H.
Clifford, T. C.
Clover, J. N.
Clover, M. K.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
15
Clover, S. C.
Collins, Frank
CoLLiNGs Hugh
Collins, James
Connors, E. F.
Connors, J. P.
Coolahan, p. J.
Corrin, John B.
Covey, A. F.
Courtney, D. H.
Coyle, Henry
Craft, Chas.
Crahan, B. J.
Craig, W. P.
Cramer, C. W.
Cratty, James M.
Crawford, G. W.
Crawford, J. B.
Creveling, Joe D,
Cronin, John H.
Crosby, G. A.
Cross, Raymond
Crossett, John
Crowl, p. E.
Crowley, P. J.
cullinan, m. p.
Cummings, C. W.
Cummings, Con.
Cummings, E. A.
Cunningham, R. H.
CusACK, Frank
CUSACK, W. M.
Cushing, J. W.
Custer, Z. B.
Daily, Eugene
Daly, M. B.
Davies, W. N.
Davis, A. P.
Davis, H. R.
Davison, M. C.
Deal, E. O.
Deemer, F. C.
Denton, D. T.
DeWitt, B. C
DiESCHER, A. J.
Dimmick, W. H.
DiTTMAN, C. E.
Dittman, D. M.
Ditto, Wm. A.
Dixon, Phiup
dooling, f. t.
Donnelly, J. S.
Donnelly, W. E.
Donohue, T. C.
Donovan, B. II.
Doty, W. J.
Dougherty, O. J.
Douglass, S. M.
Dowd, B. F.
Downing, G. W.
Dreher, Ray G.
Dresser, Carl K.
Drury, G. F.
Dunn, T. A.
Eagan, E. J.
Eastland, S. H.
Engle, T. W.
Ernst, H. M.
Evans, J. J.
EwiNG, A. M.
Fair, F.
Fairchild, F. a.
Falk, George E.
Earner, J. W.
Fay, Peter
Felix, O. F.
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lt>
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Fessler, T. a.
FiNLEY, H. F.
Fish, Harvey
Fisher, F. P.
FisLER, John
Flanigan, J. T.
Fleming, A. C.
Fleming, George F.
Flinn, T. W. H.
Flint, R. B.
Fogarty, John E.
Foley, J.
Foley, T. H.
Fonner, J. H.
Formax, H. a.
Foster, J. E.
Fralick, F. a.
Fray, Sam
Frazier, J. E,
Freidenberg, D.
French, F. A.
Frevert, R. a.
Frey, \Vm. B.
Frohreib, L. C.
Fuller, E. K.
Fulsom, H.
Fyfe, a. D.
Fve, J. L.
Gage, W. P.
Gale, G. N.
Gali.^\gher, C. E.
Gallagher, R. W.
Garard, Chas. 1 r.
Garard, J. M.
Gardner, C. W.
Gassdorf, G. I.
Gassett, a. L.
Gates, C. B.
Gavin, A. W.
Geigel, F. G.
Gericke, Oscar C.
Gessel, B.. M.
GiFFORD, B. J.
Gill, F.
GiLLOGLY, J. J.
GiNDELE, A. H,
Glass, John
Glass, R. C.
Gleason, C. W.
GoBLE, Ben. F.
GoFF, George S.
Grace, C. H.
Graham, Lyman L.
Grant, C. E.
Gray, Homer R.
Gray, J. F.
Greis, Henry N.
Gribble, Wallace B.
Guffey, J. F.
GURNSEY, W. M.
Hackstaff, J. D.
Hackstaff, R. C.
Hadley, F. L.
Hadlev, W. R.
Hagax, W. G,
Hager. H. a.
Hall, H. E.
Hall, Henry G.
Hall, J. J.
Hall, T. A.
Hammon, M. a.
Hanks, J. G.
Hanley, T. E.
Hannon, D. W.
Harney, Jr. H.
Harrington, H. H.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
IT
Hasris, G. S.
Haktzell, a, C.
Harwood, J. Arch.
Hastings, A. L.
Hastings, William
Hawk, C. M.
Hawkins, B. L.
Hay, R. W.
Healy, J. H.
Heard, T. J.
Heeter, C M.
Heintz, Robt.
Helm, C. L.
Henderson, J. I.
Henning, M. H.
Henning, James C.
Herring, A. W.
Herron, F. W.
Hickernell, George W.
HiGGINS, W. C.
Hill, Chas. E.
Hill, D. M.
Hinerman, G. L.
Hoffman, H. R.
Hogg, H. B.
Holland, H. T.
Holly, Wm.
HOLTZ, W. H.
Hoover, H. J.
Hornor, Boyd E.
HoRNOR, Lynn S.
Horsley, George H.
Hottinger, R. L.
Hovis, W. A.
Howard, J. V.
Howard, W. C.
Huff, Charles F.
Hull, H. D.
s
Hunter, W. E.
HURD, F. R.
Hurlburt, A.
Hutchinson, F. R.
Hutchinson, W. P.
Irwin, J. W.
Irwin, R. W.
ISHERWOOD, J. H.
Ivory, E. D.
Jacoby, H. L.
Johnson, C. W.
Johnson, Frank
Johnson, Paul R.
Johnson, Roswbll H.
Jones, C. R.
Jones, E. T.
Jones, George H.
Jones, T. C.
Jones, T. J.
Jordan, George E.
Judge, W. J.
Keenan, J. E.
Kellogg, E. B.
Kellogg, F. L.
Kennedy, H.
Kerr, A. N.
Kerr, T. H.
Kilpatrick, R. B.
Kightlinger, a. D.
King, James
Kiesel, Charles
Klise, John J.
Knapp, F. H.
Knight, W. H.
Knowles, W. R.
Kohl, W. G.
Krausb, Chas.
Krick, Kay C.
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18
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Lackey, Frank
Landis, H. K.
Lakamp, J. H.
Larkin, Leo.
Larkin, W. H.
Laughlin, J. P.
Law, C H.
Layton, Miles B.
Leamon, Wm. G.
Lee, T. M.
LeFevre, Harry E.
Lehman, I. L.
Leight, Harry G.
Leland, E. D.
Leland, R. M.
Leonard, W. A.
Lepper, E. L.
LeRoy, Frank O.
Leslie, Fred C.
Little, Perry A.
Lindsay, Roy
LOHR, G. C.
LONGNECKER, W. C.
LovELAND, Elmer
LovERiDGE, Guy H.
LowRY, F. M.
LUEBECKER, PaUL
LuTz, C. H.
Lynch, J. D.
Lytle, V. H.
McCalmont, C. p.
McCandless, H. E.
McCandless, Harry M.
McCann, G. E.
McCarthy, F. R.
McClellan, Arthur
McClellan, J. Y.
McClellan, Joseph
McClintock, C. a.
McCloy, W. L.
McCluney, S. F.
McCORMICK, E. J.
McCormick, L. K.
McCollough, G. W.
McCrimmon, J. E.
McDowell, C. O.
McDowell, J. C.
Mc Henry, M. A.
McIntyre, M.
McKee, George R.
McKimmie, J. E.
McKiNNEY, Charles B.
McKnight, S. C.
McMahon^ D. p.
MaMahon, James W.
McMahon, John
Mc Mahon, John J.
Mc MiLLAN, John.
McNary, John B.
McPherson, Edwin A.
Magrew, B. a.
Mahoney, John T.
Mallory, L. E.
Marckworth, W. C.
Maroney, Joseph.
Marquis, H. H.
Marriott, W. J.
Marston, Edgar.
Martin, Edw. P.
Martin, F. W.
Martin, Henry.
Martin, J. O.
Mason, Alphonso.
Mason, J. F.
Matson, J. R.
Maxon, J. H.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
19
May, a. G.
Merrill, Edwin C.
Metz, Eugene
Meyer, F. J.
Mickley, M. a.
Miller, D. F.
Miller, Fred A.
Miller, John A. W.
Milne, E. D. S.
Milne, W. E.
MiNKEN, George
MOELLER, W.
Montgomery, J. H.
Montgomery, M. D.
Moore, Calvin T.
Moore, Edgar M.
Morgan, W. J.
MowREY, John,
munro, w. lorne.
Murphy, S. F.
Murray, M. J.
Myles, Fred W.
Nash, A. W.
Near, C. J.
Neely, Ira L.
Neely, L. G.
Nelson, H. E.
Nestor, J. F.
Newman, A. J.
Newton, N. A.
Norris, H. S.
Norton, Charles L.
Oakes, W. L.
ODay, J. J.
CLeary, Dennis.
Oliphant, B. C.
Ouphant, F. H.
Oliver, C. E.
Olmstead, J. F.
O'Neill, Charles.
Ostermaier, John.
OsTRYE, Peter L.
Painter, J. C.
Palm, Charles J.
Paris, Jr., A. J.
Parks, R. N.
Parr, A. T.
Pattinson, R. L.
Pearson, C. A.
Penhale, J. W.
Philips, D. H.
Phillips, C. C.
Philips, H. T.
Porterfield, Harry.
Pratt, Charles E
Presho, a. a.
Prill, H. M.
Pryor, F. B.
Quinlan, Thomas.
Rae, a. B.
Ralph, Charles A.
Ramage, J. R.
Ramsey, E. C.
Rand, J. R.
Redic, Sam.
Reed, Ira B.
Reed, J. A.
ReeseR) E. B.
Reeser, H, C.
Reichel, C. D.
Reiley, J. M.
Remler, J. A.
Reiser, Charles, L.
Richards, W. H.
Richie, J. A.
Riley, George N.
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NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Roberts, C. C.
Roberts, M. J.
Robertson^ D. S.
Robertson, J. D.
Robinson, Edwin.
Roby, H. p.
Rogers, W. J.
ROONEY, E. S.
ROTHERT, E, R.
Rupp, Chas. H.
Rush, Albert.
Russell, C H.
RussuM, R. C.
Ryan, E. M.
Ryan, J. L.
Sabger, E. L.
Sartorius, F.
schalek, j. h.
ScHATZEL, George P.
SCHAFER, F. J.
SCHELL, W. F.
schlaudecker, e. m.
schlosser, a. j.
Schmidt, E. F.
ScHMiTT, Frank.
SCOVILLE, J. C
Scratch, George.
Sears, C. W.
Sedberry, W. H.
Seyffert, L. a.
Shaffer, Hose.
Shannon, O. K.
Shattuck, J. R.
Shaw, S. T.
Shear, Robert.
Shoub, J. F.
Shulters, Hoyt V.
Simmons, W. P.
SiPE, Geo. B.
Sipe, W. E.
Skelly, H. L.
Slack, Chas. W.
Sloan, C. M.
Sloan, C. T.
Sloan, W. L.
Smith, E. B.
Smith, Frank D.
Smith, Frank N.
Smith, H. L.
Snoke, Alpheus.
South, W. H.
Southwick, E. F.
Spain, William H.
Stafford, G. M.
Stearns, J. W.
Stephens, Thomas H.
Sternburg, E. M.
Stewart, S. B.
Stitt, John C.
Stringer, Harrisov.
Stone, F. W.
Stotler, R. M.
Stroup, Lloyd.
Stroup, John.
Sullivan, J. H.
Sullivan, P. D.
Taylor, George E.
Teegustram, Victor S.
Terry, L. B.
Texter, L. J.
Thiel, Martin A.
Thomas, F. H.
Thomas, Howard V.
Thompson, W. H.
Thompson, W. P.
TiBBENS, W. P.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
21
TlLLITSON, F. H.
Tomb, F. B.
Tomer, Adam.
Tonkin, J. B.
Tonkin, T. J. Jr.
Topp, A. A.
Tracy, F. B.
Treat, E. M.
Tucker, D. H.
Tucker, T. C.
Tucker, G. C.
Turner, Lyly.
Tyng, Arthur.
Vallely, J. F.
\'ance, (]eo. B.
\\)elkle, L. p.
A\'alker, W. O.
Wallace, H. A.
Wallace, J. B.
Walsh, D. C.
Walsh, IM. W.
Walton, J. D.
Ward, R.
Wardell, C. W.
Watts, Harry P.
Weir, Henry D.
Welker, Geqrge E.
Wellm-a-n^ "A. Miner
Weymouth, Thomas R
Wheeler, Edw. M.
Whitcomb, E. C.
Whitcomr, E. T.
Wiggins, J. H.
Williams, D. W.
W^illiams, John B.
Williams, John H.
WiLLOUGHBY, H.
WiLLSEY, J. H.
Wilson^ Henry M.
Wilson, W. E.
WiTKOWSKI, F. D.
Wittmer. Thomas
wonderly, w. v.
Wood, L. S.
Wyer, Samuel S.
York, Patrick
Young, J. H. M.
Young, W. T.
Zimmerman, Charles W.
President Guffey : Gentlemen, it gives me great pleasure
to call to order the twelfth annual meeting of the Natural Gas
Association of America. It gives me still greater pleasure to
introduce as the first speaker at this convention the distinguished
mayor of Buffalo, who will extend to this Association the wel-
come of the city. I now have the pleasure of introducing Mayor
Fuhrmann. (Applause).
Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann, Mayor of the City of Buffalo, then
delivered the following:
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Lons P. r\'iiRM.\\.\.
ADDRKSS OF WELCOME.
Mr. President and Gentlemen :
1 am glad to come here this morning. I want to thank
your Committee on Arrangements for their thought fuhiess in
inviting me to participate in your proceedings on this occasion.
It was kind and gracious of them to do so, and I want them to
know^ that I appreciate it. I want to assure them and everyone
of you that I am not here this morning to make an address upon
any suhject whatsoever, for I reahze that you are gathered at
this time for the exi)ress purpose of transacting important busi-
ness and not to hsten to mere words from me that must neces-
sarily be more or less remote from your main object. However,
you have greatly honored Buffalo by your j^resence, and on behalf
of five hundred thousand hospitable and patriotic Ruffalonians I
extend to each and every one of you a sincere and generous
welcome to this great and beautiful city. For Buffalo is a beau-
tiful city, and Buffalo is a great city. It is a great city his-
(22)
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 23
torically. It is the home city of Millard Fillmore and of Grover
Cleveland. It is the city which in 1812 was burned to ashes by
British torches and a city which in less than a century has grown
from ashes to a City Beautiful, and from a scattered hand-full
of people to a mighty Cosmopolitan City of five hundred thousand
souls. It is a great city industrially. It is a great city com-
mercially. It is a great city racially. It is composed of almost
all the races of the world. American, German, English, Irish,
Italian, Polish and all the other bloods representative of the
human race; and we are living here at peace with one another,
and with feelings of good will for each other. We are tolerant
and we are charitable, for we realize there is room enough for
all of us and for hundreds of thousands more just like us as
soon as we can attract them within our borders.
For the City of Buffalo it may truly be said, once the
American Flag goes up, all the other flags come down. (Ap-
plause). Wherever the American Flag* is unfurled, on land or
sea, — on this continent or in Europe, our hearts go with it, and
our lives are willingly sacrificed in its defense. (Great applause).
That is your spirit, and that is my spirit, and it is the spirit of
five hundred thousand Buflfalonians, who are part and parcel of
the one hundred million Americans who revere the names of
George Washington, of Andrew Jackson, of U. S. Grant and of
Robert E. Lee. (More applause).
We are now engaged in the greatest of wars since the be-
ginning of time. It is a war that will test and try our souls, as
they have never been tested or tried before. Great sacrifices
will have to be made by us. Some of us will have to go to the
front. Some of us will have to make sacrifices of money. Some
of us will have to help in the production of food and of munitions
and of ships, but every last one of us must understand that we
must do every la.st thing possible to make the United States and
the Allied Nations victorious in this strife and in this struggle
for the preservation of the ideals of free government on earth.
(Long continued applause).
As you journey throughout our city, you will find that we
are second to no other city in respect to those things which go
to make up the substantial and the objective features of life, and
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24 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
it is such a city, gentlemen, that I bid you a hearty welcome to,
not only today, but throughout your entire stay in our midst.
( Prolonged applause) .
President Guffey : It gives me great pleasure to introduce
one of the former presidents of our Association, the Vice Presi-
dent and General Manager of The Ohio Fuel Supply Company,
Mr. Garard, who will reply on behalf of the Association to the
eloquent address of welcome by the distinguished Mayor of
Buffalo. (Applause) .
Mr. John M. Garard of Columbus, Ohio, then delivered the
following:
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John M. Garard.
RESPONSE TO ADDRESS OF WELCOME.
Mr. President, The Honorable Mayor of Buffalo, Ladies and
Getitlemen (although I do not see any of the former), and
Members of the Natural Gas Association of America :
I hope I have not missed anybody — Mr. David O. Holbrook,
the President of the Supply Men's Association, wrote me a letter
in which he stated that the Honorable Joseph F. Guffey, as
President of this Association, had requested me, as the "shining
light" of the Association, to respond to His Honor's Address of
Welcome. That was very nice of David ; but if David had said
that the electric wires that run from Niagara struck this Mayor
before they got to Buffalo, somebody else would have had my
place. (Laughter).
I must say that the Mayor's remarks are well timed, but in
justice to myself I want to iterate that I forewarned him, in a
manner as to what he should say. (More laughter). I told him
that every thing he said in favor of the Natural Gas Association,
(2.5)
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26 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
and all the bouquets he threw towards them would be put upon
our records in large, black-faced type, but as to anything else he
said, I did not know whether it would be printed at all. So I
think I am the one who urged him on to make a wonderful
speech; and he certainly did himself proud. If any of you think
it is an easy job to follow him, just come up here and I will
yield my place to you in a minute. (More laughter and ap-
plause).
Now, I haven't anything to tell you. I haven't any speech.
I am just simply here to say that we look upon this as the greatest
meeting we have ever had. Excuse me, Brother Guffey, — that is
taking some of the honors from Pittsburgh, but I believe it is
true nevertheless. I can only say this, that we appreciate having
the Honorable Mayor with us ; we appreciate his eloquent words
of welcome and I can simply add that for all the nice things he
has said to us, we will return them tenfold and say to him that
we appreciate every thing Buffalo has promised us. I sometimes
wonder whether we are not a little premature in responding to
these addresses of welcome **right off the bat" ! Before the ink
is dry on the recording secretary's paper, we rush in and pour
out our gratitude for these generous words of hospitality, and yet
we oftentimes do not know what is going to happen before we get
out of town. I really think the proper thing to do would be to
wait until we get home and then write back and tell the spokes-
man of the City in which we gather, how much, if any, we have
enjoyed our visit. T think it would be safer and you know the
popular slogan nowadays is ''Safety First," (Renewed laughter
and applause).
Of course, thus far we have escaped. There has been no
monkey-wrench thrown into the gears any place that I know of,
or any diaphragm punctured or anything of that kind. But 1
will tell you — you who were at Oklahoma City will remember we
had a **badger fight" there. A gentleman from Buffalo was
there. I am not going to mention any names, but he handled
the crockery- ware. (Great laughter). I have even felt that he
had something in store for us, and that some day, when oppor-
tunity presented itself, we would be w^ell paid for it all. Now,
T noticed yesterday, when I was out with him in an automobile,
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 27
that every time we met a policeman, the policeman bowed to
him very obsequiously and smiled, and I am free to admit that
I did not like that a durned bit. (More laughter and applause).
He seems to be just a little bit too close to these policemen.
While I have the most implicit confidence in the Mayor, and I
don't believe the Mayor is going to allow him to go too far, but
after all, I will be pretty well satisfied when my satchel is packed
and at the station. (Renewed applause and laughter).
However, Gentlemen, seriously speaking, you have a lot of
papers and reports to dispose of at you morning session, and
my talk does not amount to anything. In conclusion, I wish to
say to the Mayor, that we appreciate most sincerely your hearty
welcome, and we thank you from the bottom of our hearts.
(Applause).
Mr. L. S. Bigelow, of Buflfalo, N. Y. : Mr. President —
Mr. Garard: No! No! That won't go here! (Laughter).
Mr. L. S. Bigelow: (continuing) : Mr. Guflfey just nodded
to me which gives me the opportunity of answering Mr. Garard,
notwithstanding his protestations. It has always been my practice
to be the last to speak, in case I wished to speak at all, and I may
say that I am very glad of this opportunity to defend myself. I
want to tell you that no man in this room, — no man at the meeting
in Oklahoma City, — no one of these Indians who were there in
full costume and "feathers" enjoyed that badger fight more than
the man who "pulled the badger." (Laughter). I pulled the
badger. (Renewed laughter). Sitting over there is Fred Muel-
ler, who led me on as he has led many and many a man to de-
struction. (Continued laughter and applause). I want to say one
thing more about the badger business. Mr. Garard spoke of the
"crockery- ware." I do not speak of it as "crockery-ware." I
speak of it as the "collar." In other words, gentlemen, among
my relics at home today, I have the collar and the rope attached
to the collar that was attached to the badger. Those of you who
were there will recall that the floor of that ninth story of the Lee-
Huckens Hotel — this is not an advertisement for the Lee-
Huckens, — was a rough concrete floor and the badger broke
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28 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
loose, but the collar remained intact, tied to the cord, and as I
have said before, I have that cord and I have that collar among
my most cherished relics at home today, and I shall preserve
them for many years to show to my children and my children's
children, and to tell to them the Natural Gas Association did me
and made me lose all my friends out at Oklahoma City. (Con-
tinued laughter and applause).
Now, I want to say this, — as a citizen of Buffalo, and as a
member oi ^ family that has lived in Buffalo since Buffalo had
one house — my grandfather was in Buffalo when Buffalo had
one house — and as a member of this community I want to tell
you one other thing. Some of you may not know that this splen-
did Auditorium you are occupying as an Exhibit Hall and this
building you are occupying for a meeting place and will occupy
tomorrow night for the beefsteak dinner on the next floor above
is tendered to you comjilete, including light — because this is to be
open at night, — building, light, heat, watchman's service and all,
with the compliments of the City of Buffalo. Not one cent is
being paid by any Association or individual. (Applause).
Mr. J. W. McMahon, of Toledo, Ohio: Mr. President, T
wish to present the following resolution (handing same to Sec-
retary Jones).
President (iuFFKv: The secretary will please read the
resolution.
Secretary Jones: (Reading) Resolved, That this Associa-
tion extend most sincere appreciation to the City of Buffalo, to
Commissioner Malone, to the Qiamber of Commerce, to the Iro-
quois Natural Gas Company and to those who have assisted us
most faithfully at the Auditorium.
We appreciate exceedingly the use of this most adequate and
sj)len(lid building and its equipment that has been provided with
the compliments of the City of Buffalo, also the service that has
been rendered individually and collectively.
Mr. J. VV. McMahon : T move the adoption of the resolu-
tion, Mr. President.
Mr. J. M. Garard: I second the motion.
The above motion, duly seconded, was then unanimously
adopted.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
Mr. J. M. Garasd: Mr. President, I move you, that a vote
of thanks by this Association be extended to Hon. Louis P.
Fuhrmann, Mayor of the City of Buffalo, for his kindness in par-
ticipating in our opening exercises and for the eloquent Address
of Welcome delivered to us.
Mr. Martin B. Daly : I second the motion.
The above motion, duly seconded, was then unanimously
adc^ted by a rising vote.
President Guffey : Mr. Mayor, the vote is unanimous and
we thank you very much. (Applause) .
The next regular order of business is the Report of Board of
Directors.
Mr. T. C. Jones then read the following:
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
Buffalo, May 14, 191 7.
To the Natural Gas Association :
Gentlemen : Your Board of Directors beg leave to submit
for your consideration the following recommendations and re-
p<rt:
Nominating Committee: John M. Garard, A. A. Arm-
strong, Bert C. Oliphant.
Committee on Next Place of Meeting : Kay C. Krick, Wil-
liam B. Way, Ogden K. Shannon.
Auditing Committee : Harry C. Reeser, John B. Tonkin, L.
A. Scyffert.
Committee on Memorials: Milt Saul, R. W. Gallagher, C
W. Sears.
Committee on Final Resolutions: William Y. Cartwright,
Frederick W. Stone, John G. Pew.
That the following be Released from Membership at their
own request : C. G. Abbott, J. A. Adams, Hugh Anderson, J. B.
Ardis, C. E. Baker, H. J. Bartley, H. P. Beans, D. J. Beckett,
J. B. Black, J. C. Blair, W. Boice, J. Bossert, J. O. Bothel, W.
B. Brendlinger, A. B. Burnett, F. G. Burson, O. W. Cashdollar,
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30 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
J. E. Conley, A. F. Coulter, C. F. Covey, H. Cummings, M. J.
Cuimnings, S. Davis, W. M. Davis, P. E. Dixon, J. P. Eagleson,
H. T. Egbert, C L. Ford, W. W. Hall, C. L. Holman, N. Hunt,
J. W. Hunter, W. S. Jewett, R. D. Jolliffe, N. J. Klug, C. Knep-
shield, C. A. Lawrence, A. Leight, S. E. Leist, C. P. LeVier, W.
H. Lockwood, L. Mathieu, H. B. Mayne, J. Y. McQelland, W.
A. McCombs, G. W. McCuUough, C. McCutcheon, W. H. Mc-
Fadden, W. F. McGhee, J. F. McKibben, A. G. McPeake, H.
Moore, S. T. Murdock, F. C Murphy, C. O'Hara, L. O'Hara, C
Owens, T. H. Patterson, A..S. Pfeifer, J. Phillips, T. P. Pinc-
kard, P. Plantinga, D. M. Poe, G. B. Reeger, S. C. Ross, D.
Sample, W. J. Schiffler, F. F. Schomstein, C. E. Seachrist, J.
Seice, C. F. Shaffer, N. G. Sherwood, A. Shoop, C. W. Shulters,
Z. H. Shuster, E. D. Sibley, E. Siess, M. C Smith, R. H. Smith,
C. Stainbrook, O. Steele, H. Steinecker, W. E. Steinwedell, H.
P. Taylor, N. J. Taylor, H. Tipper, G. J. Vallely, H. VanBlarcom,
J. S. Welch, G. C Wells, R. H. West, R. L. Wilkes, T. B. Wilson,
F. W. Wimer, B. Wise, D. A. Wolfe, J. Young, J. A. Fletcher,
G. Fonner, P. I. Price and G. W. Zimmerman.
That the following be dropped from Membership for Non-
payment of dues : C. E. Bair, F. Barnes, J. H. Carter, R. Clark,
J. W. Dana, R. D. Day, J. R. Doane, C. L. Freeland, T. L. Galvin,
E. O. Hickstein, W. C. Higgins, W. T. Hinchey, E. M. Hinshaw,
R. Hoover, J. C. Howe, W. Howe, J. H. Howard, L. Katona, B.
E. LaDow, C. V. LaDow, W. G. Leet, W. Little, T. E. Lloyd,
G. J. Newton, C. W. O'Donnell, T. Pinkston, J. S. Posgate, W.
F. Potter. W. W. Rhea, G. Robinson, W. W. Strickler, F. L.
Stuchell, R. O. Stull, J. C. Vance, E. S. Vincil, and F. H. Young.
Respectfully submitted for the Board of Directors,
Joseph F. Guffey,
President.
Thomas C Jones,
Secretary.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 31
President Guffey: Gentlemen, you have heard the re-
port of the Board of Directors. What is the wish of the Asso-
ciation with regard to it?
Mr. J. W. McMahon: Mr. President, I move that the
Report of the Board of Directors as submitted, be received,
ordered placed on file and spread upon the minutes of the Asso-
ciation.
Mr. L. C. Bigelow : I second the motion, Mr. President.
And thereupon the above motion, having been duly seconded,
was carried, and the Report of the Board of Directors was re-
ceived, filed and ordered spread upon the minutes of the Asso-
ciation.
President Guffey: I will change the order of business
slightly as appears upon the printed program and next call for
the Report of the Committee on New Members and Mr. Norris I
believe is Chairman of that Committee.
Mr. Henry S. Norris, Chairman of the Committee on New
Members, then submitted verbally the following:
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON NEW MEMBERS.
Mr. President and Members of the Natural Gas Association of
America:
You have heard the eloquent Address of Welcome by our
Honorable Mayor ; you have heard the witty and humorous Re-
sponse by Mr. Garard ; you have heard what Mr. Bigelow has had
to say with reference to Buffalo, and now, on behalf of the Iro-
quois Natural Gas Company, one of the greatest Gas Companies
in the country, we extend to each of you a hearty and sincere
welcome, and a cordial invitation, while in Buffalo, to visit our
plant. We have a beautiful new office building and also fine shops
and up-to-date equipment and it would give us great pleasure to
have each and all of you visit our plant and offices while here
and feel assured that what we have to show you will well repay
you for the time and trouble expended in such a visit. (Ap-
plause).
Mr. President; the Committee on New Members begs leave
to report that it has placed in the hands of our Secretary a list
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as NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
of applications for membership to the number of 262, and the
Committee recommends the election of each applicant to mem-
bership in this Association.
Mr. John M. Garasd: I move that the Report of the Com-
mittee on New Members be received, accepted and placed on file
and that|the Secretary be directed to cast the ballot of the Asso-
ciation for the election to membership in the Association of the
applicants recommended in said report.
Mr. Martin B. Daly : I second the motion.
And thereupon said motion having been duly seconded, was
unanimously adopted.
Secretary Jones then cast the ballot of the Association for
the election to membership of the applicants whose names were
recommended by said Committee and said applicants were duly
declared to be members of the Association and were invited to
join in the discussions and participate in the proceedings.
The list of applicants recommended and elected to member-
ship in the Association is as follows :
NEW MEMBERS.
C. H. Adams, Field Foreman, United Natural Gas Company,
Kane, Pennsylvania.
Peter P. Adolf, Agent, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, Lan-
caster, New York.
E. W. Aggers, Contractor, F. A. Aggers & Son, Kane, Penn-
sylvania.
P. A. Alberty, Assistant Superintendent, Logan Gas Company,
Columbus, Ohio.
E. J. Anderson, Superintendent, Texas Gas Company, Mexia,
Texas.
C. B. Apple, 125 18 Clifton Blvd., Lakewood, Ohio.
Thomas Armstrong, Inspector, Iroquois Natural -Gas Company,
Buffalo, New York.
J. P. Bahan, Clerk, The Texas Company, Natural Gas Depart-
ment, Shreveport, La.
O. M. Baldwin, Foreman, East Ohio Gas Company, Kent, Ohio.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
W. H. Bass, Foreman, Alden-Batavia Natural Gas Company,
Alden, New York.
B. R. Bay, Chief Engineer, The Medina Gas & Fuel Co., Mans-
field, Ohio.
N. H. Benninger, Superintendent, United Natural Gas Com-
pany, South Oil City, Station R, Pennsylvania.
R. E. Benninger, Chief Engineer, United Natural Gas Company,
Hallton, Pennsylvania.
C. O. Berg, Foreman, United Natural Gas Company, Reynolds-
ville, Pennsylvania.
Dr. R. N. Berry, Contractor, Dominion Natural Gas Company,
Caledonia, Ontario.
O. Bicler, Salesman, Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
T. P. Blackall, Regulator Inspector, Iroquois Natural Gas Com-
pany, Buffalo, New York.
B. F. Blake, Chief Engineer Treat Compr. Sta., The Ohio Fuel
Supply Company, Homer, Ohio.
Warren S. Blauvelt, Consulting Engineer, Steere Engineering
Co., Detroit, Mich.
John T. -Blewett, General Inspector, Iroquois Natural Gas Co.,
Buffalo, New York.
C. E. Borchard, Accountant, Dominion Natural Gas Co., Ltd.,
Buffalo, New York.
J. B. Bower, Manager, Central Pipe Line Co., Alymer, Ontario,
Canada.
Hugh T. Boyd, Chemist, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company,
Homer, Ohio.
E. R. Boyle, Manager, Oil City Derrick, Oil City, Pa.
M. A. Brady, Foreman, Tri County Natural Gas Co., Caledonia,
New York.
H. K. Baldwin, Secretary to General Manager, Philadelphia
Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
S. F. Brandel, Foreman, Peoples Natural Gas Company, Garden-
ville. New York.
H. W. Brennan, Foreman, The Texas Company, Moran, Texas.
A. L. Brinham, Clerk, Union Natural Gas Corp., Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.
3
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34 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
R. A. Brooks, Secretary and Treasurer, The Medina Gas & Fuel
Co., Mansfield, Ohio.
L. E. H. Brown, Field Superintendent, Potter Gas Company,
Roulette, Pennsylvania.
L. H. Brown, Assistant Engineer, Iroquois Natural Gas Com-
pany, Buffalo, New York.
O. L. Bruckner, Agent, Logan Natural Gas & Fuel Company,
Westerville, Ohio.
E. Brunner, Engineer, Hope Eng. and Supply Company, Mt.
Vernon, Ohio.
George Bullock, Foreman, Southern Ontario Gas Company, Ltd.,
Rodney, Ontario, Canada.
Jerome B. Burnett, Chief Oklahoma Division, Empire Gas &
Fuel Co., Bartlesville, Oklahoma.
Geo. H. Burress, Geologist, Empire Gas & Fuel Co., Bartlesville,
Oklahoma.
C. L. Butler, Accountant, Dominion Natural Gas Company, Ltd.,
Buffalo, New York.
W. J. Cain, Division Foreman, East Ohio Gas Company, Cuya-
hoga Falls, Ohio.
Gordon M. Campbell, Commercial Department, Union Light,
Heat & Power Co., Covington, Kentucky.
W. C. Carey, Foreman Meter Repairs, Iroquois Natural Gas
Co., Buffalo, New York.
L. F. Carl, Agent, The Newark Natural Gas & Fuel Company,
Newark, Ohio.
L. L. Case, Local Agent, Ontario Gas Co., Holcomb, N. Y.
Fred N. Chambers, Oil Producer, Chambers Oil Company, 214
Chambers Bldg., Oil City, Pennsylvania.
C. L. Clark, Foreman, Iroquois Natural Gas Co., Bradford,
Pennsylvania.
T. B. Qawson, Supt., Warren & Chaut. Gas Co., Warren, Penn-
sylvania.
J. D. Cleary, Agent, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, Angola,
New York.
J. N. Clover, President, The Iron Mountain Oil Company, Tulsa,
Oklahoma.
S. C. Qover, The Iron Mountain Oil Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 35
Eugene F. Connors, Guffey Gasoline Company, Bradford, Penn-
sylvania.
Jos. P. Conners, Cashier, Iroquois Natural Gas Co., Buffalo,
New York.
P. J. Cookhan, Superintendent, Berea Pipe Line Company, Cleve-
land, Ohio.
Frank Cosan, Land Department Clerk, Dominion Natural Gas
Company, Buffalo, New York.
D. A. Coste, Treasurer, Provincial Natural Gas & Fuel Com-
pany, Niagara Falls, Ontario.
James M. Cratty, Foreman Meter Department, Pennsylvania Gas
Company, Jamestown, New York.
Joe D. Creveling, Construction Engineer, Logan Natural Gas &
Fuel Company, Coliunbus, Ohio.
P. E. Crowl, Agent, Potter Gas Company, Galeton, Pennsylvania.
Harry C. Culp, Salesman, Ingersoll Rand Co., Cleveland, Ohio.
E. A. Cummings, Assistant Treasurer, Moncton Tramways, Elec-
tricity & Gas Co., Ltd., Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.
J. W. Gushing, Oil & Gas Producer, Sistersville, West Virginia.
Eugene Dailey, Administration Department, Wichita Natural
Gas Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma.
Harvey N. Dauler, President, Petroleum Products Company,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
W. B. Davies, Foreman, United Gas Companies, Ltd., St. Catha-
rines, Ontario, Canada.
T. O. Dial, The East Ohio Gas Company, Canton, Ohio.
C. W. DeForest, Electrical Engineer, Union Gas & Electric Com-
pany, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Dorr T. Denton, Division Superintendent, Iroquois Natural Gas
Co., Buffalo, New York.
B. C DeWitt, Lease Department, Southern Gas Company, Cor-
pus Christi, Texas.
D. M. Dittman, Foreman, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, Ham-
burg, New York.
G. C. Donahue, Pressure Department, East Ohio Gas Company,
Qeveland, Ohio.
F. T. Dooling, Machinist, East Ohio Gas Company, Qeveland,
Ohio.
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36 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
W. J. Doty, Leaser, South Shore Natural Gas & Fuel Company,
Sheridan, New York.
Bernard F. Dowd, Mach., Peoples Nat. Gas, Buffalo, New York.
R. G. Dreher, Accountant, Dominion Natural Gas Co., Ltd.,
Buffalo, New York.
Carl K. Dresser, Sec'y. & Treas., S. R. Dresser Mfg. Co., Brad-
ford, Pennsylvania.
George F. Drury, Oil Producer, J. W. Leonard Oil Company,
Washington, Pennsylvania.
Mr. T. A. Dunn, Field Superintendent, Potter Gas Company,
Port Allegany, Pennsylvania.
A. M. Ewing, Meter Department, Central States Gas Company,
Vincennes, Indiana.
Fenwick Ewing, Leasing Department, Medina Gas & Fuel Com-
pany, Wooster, Ohio.
F. A. Fairchild, Agent, United Natural Gas Company, Mead-
ville, Pennsylvania.
G. E. Falk, Cashier, South Shore Natural Gas & Fuel Company,
Dunkirk, New York.
Peter Fay, Field Superintendent, Potter Gas Company, Smeth-
port, Pennsylvania.
T. A. Fessler, Agent, Potter Gas Company, Elkland, Pennsyl-
vania.
John Fisler, Foreman, Akron Natural Gas Company, Akroa
New York.
Jas. T. Flanigan, Foreman, Iroquois Natural Gas Company,
Buffalo, New York.
Geo. F. Fleming, Agent, United Natural Gas Company, Titus-
ville, Pennsylvania.
R. B. Flint, Meter Inspector, Potter Gas Company, Port Alle-
gany, Pennsylvania.
F. A. Fralic, Agent and Superintendent, Logan Natural Gas &
Fuel, Galion, Ohio.
F. A. French, Potter Gas Company, Port Allegany, Pennsylvania.
Robert A. Frevert, Industrial Engineer, Dayton Gas Company,
Dayton, Ohio.
W. S. Frey, Agent, Logan Natural Gas & Fuel Company, Bu-
cyrus, Ohio.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 87
E. K. Fuller, Agent, East Aurora, New York, Iroquois Natural
Gas Company.
H. Fulsom, Foreman, Woodstock Gas Company, Woodstock, On-
tario.
A. D. Fyfe, Geologist, Empire Fuel and Gas Company, Bartles-
ville, Oklahoma.
Glen N. Gale, Superintendent, Glenwood Station, Southern On-
tario Gas Co., Ltd., R. R. 4, Merlin, Ontaria, Canada.
A. W. Gavin, Assistant City Superintendent, Iroquois Natural
Gas Company, Buffalo, New York.
Jay Geist, Supt's Qerk, United Fuel Gas Company, Spencer,
West Virginia.
B. M. Gessel, President, Anchor Oil Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma,
Oscar C. Gericke, Chemical Engineer, East Ohio Gas Company,
Cleveland, Ohio.
Benjamin F. Goble, Foreman, United Natural Gas Company,
Shinglehouse, Potter County, Pennsylvania.
Wallace B. Gribble, Special Representative, Hope Natural Gas
Company, Clarksburg, West Virginia.
F. D. Grunder, Assistant General Sales Manager, Tube Depart-
ment, Jones & Laughlin Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Penn-
sylvania.
H. E. Hall, Accountant, Dominion Natural Gas Co., Ltd., Buf-
falo, New York.
Henry C. Hall, General Bookkeeper, Iroquois Natural Gas Com-
pany, Buffalo, New York.
T. A. Hall, Engineer, Dominion Natural Gas Co., Ltd., Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada.
M. E. Hammon, Foreman, South Shore Natural Gas & Fuel
Company, Dunkirk, New York.
Robert S. Hampton, Secretary-Treasurer, Central Ky. Nat. Gas
Co., Titusville, Pennsylvania.
T. L. Hanley, Superintendent, Hanley & Berd, Jackson Avenue,
Bradford, Pennsylvania.
D. W. Hannon, Div. Foreman, East Ohio Gas Company, Canton,
Ohio.
H. Harney, Jr., Inspector, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, Buf-
falo, New York.
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38 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
W. H. Harrington, Superintendent, Citizens Gras & Electric Co.,
Elyria, Ohio.
Richard C. Hackstaff, Empire Pipe Line Company, Bartlesville,
Oklahoma.
A. L. Hastings, Field Foreman, Oklahoma Natural Gas Com-
pany, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
C. M. Hawk, Chief Engineer, Logan Natural Gas & Fuel Com-
pany, Sugar Grove, Ohio.
Jas. C. Henning, Clerk, Manufacturers Su. Co., Kane, Pa.
A. W. Herring, General Manager, The Commercial Oil & Gas
Co., Ashtabula, Ohio.
F. W. Herron, Secretary, Producers Gas Company, Olean, N. Y.
Geo. W. Hickernell, United Natural Gas Co., DuBois, Pa.
Ralph Hockstetter, Gunsberg-Forman Company, Buffalo, N. Y.
W. H. Hodge, Publicity Manager, H. M. Byllesby & Company,
. 208 South LaSalle St., Chicago, Illinois.
H. R. Hoffman, Acting Chief Clerk, Iroquois Natural Gas Co.,
Buffalo, New York.
H. T. Holland, Chief Engineer, Wheeler Compr. Sta., The North-
western Ohio Natural Gas Company, Sugar Grove, Ohio.
F. M. HoUiday, National Transit Company, Marwood, Pa.
W. M. Holly, Field Supt., Potter Gas Co., Shinglehouse, Pa.
J. N. Howard, Field Foreman, Medina Gas Co., Vienna, On-
tario, Canada.
W. E, Howard, Foreman, Brantford Gas Co., Ltd., Brantford,
Ontario, Canada.
W. E. Hunter, Vice President, Randall Gas Company, Morgan-
town, West Virginia.
Franklin R. Hurd, East Ohio Gas Company, Cleveland, Ohio.
R. W. Irwin, Agent, The Ohio Fuel Supply Co., Xenia, Ohio.
J. H. Isherwood, Gasoline Operator, Potter Gas Co., Shingle-
house, Pennsylvania.
H. L. Jacoby, Foreman, Producers Gas Co., Olean, New York.
C. W. Johnson, Asst. to Vice President, Hope Natural Gas Com-
pany, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Frank Johnson, Fieldman, Iroquois Natural Gas Co., Hamburg,
New York.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
Norwood Johnston, Superintendent, Carnegie Nat. Gas Co., Car-
negie Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Paul R. Johnson, Gen. Manager, The Gas Pipe Line Corp., Inde-
pendence, Kansas.
E. T. Jones, Division Foreman, E. O. G. Co., Qeveland, Ohio.
W. G. Kohl, Agent, Logan Nat. Gas & Fuel Co., Norwalk, Ohio.
E. B. Kellogg, Superintendent, Alden-Batavia Natural Gas Co.,
Batavia, New York.
A. N. Kerr, Gen. Supt., Riverside and Eastern Oil Cos., Pitts-
burgh, Pa.
Chas. Kiessel, Foreman, East Ohio Gas Co., Niles, Ohio.
L. C. Klein, Manager, West Park Office, Continental Supply
Company, West Park, Ohio.
C. W. Kramer, Chief Engineer, Arkansas Natural Gas Company,
Little Rock, Arkansas.
W. E. Larkham, Foreman, Calgary Gas Company, Calgary, Al-
berta, Canada.
James P. Laughlin, General Foreman, Street Department, The
East Ohio Gas Co., Akron, Ohio.
Wm. G. Leamon, Chemist, Medina Gas & Fuel, Wooster, Ohio.
R. M. Leland, Asst. Supt. of Compressing Stations, Philadelphia
Company, Pittsburgh, Penna.
J. W. Leonard, Oil Producer, J. W. Leonard Oil Company,
Washington, Pennsylvania.
Frank O. LeRoy, Chief Clerk Chart Dept., Hope Natural Gas
Co., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Frederick C. Leslie, Auditor, The Manufacturers Light & Heat
Co., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Roy Lindsay, Foreman, Dominion Natural Gas Co., Ltd., Dunn-
ville, Ontario, Canada.
Perry A. Little, Producer, Natural Gas & Oil, Buffalo, N. Y.
W. H. Lobaugh, Field Manager, Pavilion Nat. Gas Co., Pavilion,
New York.
Guy H. Loveridge, Chief Clerk, Land Department, Iroquois.
Natural Gas Co., Buffalo, New York.
Paul Luebecker, Compressing Station Dept., Mfgr. Light &
Heat, Wheeling, W. Va.
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40 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Carl H. Lutz, Civil Engineer, Dominion Nat. Gas Co., Buffalo,
New York.
G. D. Lynch, Stock Man, Dominion Nat. Gas Co., Batavia, N. Y.
G. E. McCann, Shop and Garage Foreman, Iroquois Natural
Gas Co., Buffalo, New York.
H. E. McCandless, Qinton Pipe Pulling Co., Qeveland, Ohio.
Harry M. McCandless, Agent, Qarion Gas Co., Clarion, Pa.
F. R. McCarthy, Superintendent, Oklahoma Nat. Gas Co., Tulsa,
Oklahoma.
C. A. McQintock, Div. Foreman, East Ohio Gas Company, St.
Clairsville, Ohio.
J. H. McCormick, Representative, H. Mueller Mfg. Company,
Decatur, 111.
L. M. McCormick, Foreman, East Ohio Gas Co., Warren, Ohio.
S. F. McCluney, Chief Production Dept., Oklahoma Natural
Gas Co., Tulsa, Oklahoma.
C. O. McDowell, Supt., Kanawha Mfgrs. Gas Co., Charleston,
West Virginia.
J. E. McGrimmon, Leaser, Dominion Natural Gas Co., Ltd.. St.
Thomas, Ontario, Canada.
M. A. McHenry, Lease Supt., Medina Gas & Fuel Co., Wooster,
Ohio.
J. E. McKimmie, Purchasing Agent, Dominion Natural Gas Co.,
Ltd., Buffalo, New York.
C. B. McKinney, V. P. & G. M., North Texas Gas Co., Denison,
Texas.
D. P. McMahon, Agent, Iroquois Natural Gas Co., Buffalo. N. Y.
Edwin Allan Macpherson, E. A. Macpherson Co.. 301 Iroquois
Bldg., Buffalo, N. Y.
John T. Mahoney, President, Commercial Oil Co., Buffalo, N. Y.
J. L. Maloney, Superintendent, Central Ohio Gas & Elec. Co.,
Wooster, Ohio.
W, C. Marckworth, Pres. Mountain State Gas Co., Charleston,
West Virginia.
H. H. Marquis, Manager, Kane Supply Co., Kane, Pennsylvania.
W. J. Marriott, Foreman, Dominion Natural Gas Co., Ltd., Gait,
Ontario, Canada.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 41
Edgar J. Marston, Treasiirer, Texas & Pacific Coal Co., 24 Broad
St., New York City.
Martin Henry, Oil Producer, J. W, Leonard Oil Company,
Washington, Pennsylvania.
D. F. Miller, Superintendent, Edgar M Moore & Co., Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.
J. A. W. Miller, Assistant Superintendent, Pittsburgh Plate
Glass Company, Ford City, Pennsylvania.
M. D. Montgomery, Foreman, IngersoU Gas Light Co., Ltd.,
Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada.
Calvin T. Moore, Geologist, Henry L. Doherty & Co., Win-
chester, Ky.
M. J. Murray, Foreman, East Ohio Gas, Qeveland, Ohio.
C. J. Near, Foreman, The Union Natural Gas Co., Essex, Ont.
H. E. Nelson, Engineer, Manufacturers Gas Co., Erdice, Jeffer-
son Co., Pennsylvania.
Henry B. Nickerson, Secretary, American Steam Gauge & Valve
Mfg. Co., Boston, Mass.
F. H. Oliphant, Assistant Engineer, Iroquois Natural Gas Co.,
Buffalo, New York.
George L. Olney, Supt. Bldg. Construction, The East Ohio Gas
Co., Cleveland, Ohio.
Jay C. Painter, Cashier, Oklahoma Natural Gas Co., Tulsa, Okla.
Adrian T. Parr, Safety Inspector, Henry L. Doherty & Co.,
Wooster, Ohio.
E. R. Perry, Cosden Oil & Gas Co., Tulsa, Oklahoma.
C. A. Pearson, Master Mechanic, United Natural Gas Company,
Oil City, Pa.
D. H. Phillips, Agent, Potter Gas Co., Port Allegany, Pa.
A. A. Presho, Agent, Potter Gas Company, Westfield, Pa.
H. M. Prill, Cashier, Warren & Chautauqua Gas Co., Warren, Pa.
R. S. Pringle, Manager, Pringle Powder Co., Bradford, Pa.
E. C. Ramsey, Eng. in charge of field pressure, Ohio Fuel Supply
Company, Columbus, Ohio.
Ira B. Reed, Assistant Secretary & Treasurer, Iroquois Natural
Gas Company, Buffalo, New York.
J. M. Reiley, In Charge of Display Room, Iroquois Natural Gas
Co., Buffalo, New York.
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42 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Chas. L. Reiser, Station Engineer, Iroquois Natural Gas Co.,
Collins Center, New York.
J. A. Remler, Superintendent Compressor Sta., Independence,
Kansas.
J. A. Richie, Secretary-Treasurer, Dominion Natural Gas Co.,
Ltd., Buffalo, New York.
M. J. Roberts, Meter Tester, Beaver Oil & Gas Co., Ltd., Kings-
ville, Ontario, Canada.
\V. A. Robertson, Field Man, Clear Creek Oil & Gas Co., Fort
Smith, Arkansas.
H. P. Roby. Asst. Secretary-Treasurer, Inter State Pipe Co.,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Raymond C. Rowan, Secretary to Vice President, The Union
Gas & Electric Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Emil Rudert, Contractor, Saxonburg, Pennsylvania.
Albert Rush, Contractor, Manufacturers Light & Heat Co.,
Waynesburg, Pennsylvania.
C. H. Russell. Chief Sta. Engineer, United Natural Gas Com-
pany, Mt. Jewett, Pa.
R. C. Russum, Secy. & Treas., Quafaw Gas Co., Bartlesville,
Oklahoma.
E. M. Ryan, Chief Gas Ledger Bookkeeper, Iroquois Natural
Gas Co., Buffalo, New York.
J. L. Ryan, Agent, Iroquois Natural Gas Co., Salamanca, N. Y.
C. L. Saeger, Foreman, East Ohio Gas Company, Barberton, O.
R. N. Sargent, Works Manager, The Roseir & Hasslacher
Chemical Co., St. Albans, West Virginia.
F. Sartorius, Treasurer, United Natural Gas Co., Oil City, Pa.
Jas. Scoville, Foreman, The East Ohio Gas Company, Akron, O.
George Scratch, Foreman, Beaver Oil & Gas Co., Ltd., Kings-
ville, Ontario, Canada.
Joseph Seep, President, Central Ky, Nat. Gas Co., Oil City, Pa.
F. Shafer, Superintendent, Southern California Gas Company,
Los Angeles, California.
Jay R. Shattuck, Chief Qerk, Chart Dept., Iroquois Natural
Gas Company, Buffalo, New York.
A. B. Shenker, Moving Contractor, Shenker & Shenker, West
Park, Ohio.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 43
C. L. Short, Superintendent, Boone Territory, Mountain State
Gas Co., Peytona, West Virginia.
Gias. W. Slach, Superintendent, The Attica Natural Gas Com-
pany, Attica, New York.
Butch Slagle, Oil and Gas Producer, Continental Supply Com-
pany, West Park, Ohio.
Ed. Shriver, Foreman, East Ohio Gas Company, Ravenna, Ohio.
C. M. Sloan, Qerk, Shop, Iroquois Natural Gas Co., Buffalo,
New York.
C. T. Sloan, Assistant Engineer, Iroquois Natural Gas Company,
Orchard Park, New York.
W. L. Sloan, Foreman Station Men, Iroquois Natural Gas Co.,
Buffalo, New York.
Frank D. Smith, Agent, Springville, Iroquois Natural Gas Co.,
Springville, New York.
C. B. Snider, Superintendent, Cahokia Gas & Oil Co., Edwards-
ville, Illinois.
E. F. Southwick, Credit Clerk, East Ohio Gas Company, Cleve-
land, Ohio.
C. H. Spencer, Shop Superintendent, Calgary Gas Company,
Limited, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
G. M. Stafford, Foreman, Pennsylvania Gas Co., Corry, Pa.
G. A. Steams, Sawyer-Stearns-Streeter Drilling Corporation,
Buffalo, New York.
F. W. Steere, President, Steere Engineering Co., Detroit, Mich.
E. M. Stephanus, Salesman, Broderick & Bascom Rope Co., St.
Louis, Mo.
Lloyd Stroup, Field Foreman, Dominion Gas Co., Marlin, On-
tario, Canada.
John Stroup, Foreman, Glenwood Natural Gas Co., Ltd., Port
Alma, Ontario, Canada.
Joseph E. Swendeman, Special Representative, Am. Steam
Gauge & Valve Mfg. Co., Boston, Mass.
George Taylor, Foreman, Alden-Batavia Natural Gas Co., Ba-
tavia. New York.
George E. Taylor, Assistant Engineer, Public Service Commis-
sion of West Virginia, Charleston, W. Va.
Victor S. Teegustram, Plumbing. Kane, Pennsylvania.
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44 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
L. J. Texter, Foreman, Pairlion. New York.
W. P. Thompson, 53 Kennedy St., Bradford, Pennsylvania.
R. John Titzel, Gas Engineer, United Gas Electric Engineering
Corporation, Birmingham, Alabama.
John Tonkin, Vice-Prest. & Gen. Manager, Central Kentucky
Nat. Gas Company, Oil City, Pa.
T. J. Tonkin, Jr., Superintendent, Frankfort, Ky. Nat. Gas Co.,
Frankfort, Kentucky.
A. A. Topp, Foreman, Central Repair Shop, The Ohio Fuel
Supply Company, Mt. Vernon, Ohio.
E. E. Torrance, Foreman, Frost Gas Co., Fredonia, New York.
Calvert C. Tucker, Engineer, Dominion Natural Gas Co., Buf-
falo, New York.
Davis H. Tucker, Engineer, Southern Ontario Gas Co., Ltd.,
Merlin, Ontario, Canada.
Arthur Tyng, Consulting Engineer, Iroquois Natural Gas Co.,
Buffalo, New York.
J. F. Vallely, Agent, Iroquois Natural Gas Co., Cattaraugus,
New York.
Harry P. Watts, Field Clerk, Peoples Natural Gas Company,
Brave, Greene County, Pennsylvania.
Henry P. Wege, Oil Well, Refinery & Mill Supplies, Oil City,
Pennsylvania.
A. Miner Wellman, President, Tri-County Natural Gas Co.,
Caledonia, New York.
J. H. Wiggins, Engineer, Indian Ty. 111. Oil & Gas Co., Bartles-
ville, Oklahoma.
D. W. Williams, Geologist, Dominion Natural Gas Co., Ltd.,
Buffalo, New York.
W. A. Williams, Superintendent, Eastern Oil Co., Weston, West
Virginia.
J. A. Willsey, Asst. Superintendent, Ashtabula Gas Co., Ashta-
bula, Ohio.
W. E. Wilson, Agent, Pennsylvania Gas Co., Corry, Pa.
F. D. Witkorski, Chief Inspector, Union Nat. Gas Co. of Canada.
Ltd., Chatham, Ontario.
L. S. Wood, Foreman, Pennsylvania Gas Co., Warren, Pa.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 46
PREsroENT GuFFEY : We will now hear the Reports of the
Secretary and Treasurer, the first being the regular report of
the receipt and disbursement of the funds received from dues of
members and so forth, and then the Report of the Voluntary
Contributions we have had during the past year for the main-
tenance of permanent headquarters.
Mr. T. C. Jones then submitted the following:
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND TREASURER.
To the Natural Gas Association of America :
Gentlemen : I have the honor to present the Annual Re-
port to the Secretary and Treasurer, for the year ending May
I, 1917.
MEMBERSHIP REPORT.
Honorary Members —
As per Membership Rolls, May 16, 1916 8
Active Members —
As per Membership Rolls, May 1, 1916 879
Elected May 16, 1916.. 399
Total 1,278
Released from Membership, May 16, 1916 104
Died during the year 6
Total 110
Total 1,168
Total Membership this date 1 , 176
FINANCIAL REPORT.
Receipts.
Balance, May 1, 1916 $3,227 14
Dues 4,595 00
Initiation Fees 1,990 00
Books of Proceedings, sold 20 00
Total $9,832 14
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46 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Expenditures.
Printing and Stationery $2,540 37
Stenographic Report, Eleventh Annual Meeting 178 41
Clerical Assistance 59 75
Salary, Secretary-Treasurer 1 ,000 00
Wrinkle Department, Prizes 100 00
Badges and Convention Hall Equipment 211 00
Postage, Express and General Expenses 658 53
Balance on Hand, Delaware Savings Bank 5,084 08
Total $9,832 14
Statement of Outstanding Accounts.
42 Members Three Vers' Dues, @ $15.0<) $630 00
59 Members Two Years' Dues. @ $10.00 590 00
353 Members One Year's Dues , @ $5.00 1 ,765 00
Total $2,985 00
Respectfully submitted,
T. C. Jones,
Secretary-Treasurer,
Mr. T. C. Jones then submitted the following:
REPORT OF THE TREASURER, SPECIAL FUND NO. 2.
To the Directors of The Natural Gass Association of America:
Gentlemen : I have the honor to present the report of the
Treasurer's Special Fund, for the maintenance of the Associa-
tion's Pittsburgh Office from, July 27th, 1916, to May ist, 1917.
Receipts $15,090 53
Expenditures 8.808 47
Balance on Hand $6,282 06
Respectfully submitted ,
T. C. Jones ,
Treasurer.
President Guffey: You have heard the Reports of the
Secretary and Treasurer, gentlemen, which indicate at the present
time that our Association is in pretty good condition, so far as
finances are concerned. What is the wish of the meeting? I
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 47
believe the usual course of business is to order the reports
accepted, placed on file and spread upon the minutes.
Mr. J. M. Garard: Mr. President, I move that the reports,
as read by Secretary Jones, be accepted, placed on file and ordered
spread upon the minutes.
Mr. Paul Luebecker : I second the motion.
And thereupon the above motion having been duly seconded
and carried, said reports were accepted, ordered placed on file
and spread upon the minutes.
President Guffey: The next report is the report of the
Auditing Committee, of which Mr. Reeser is Chairman. I will
call upon Mr. Reeser for his report.
Mr. H. C. Reeser then presented the following:
REPORT OF THE AUDITING COMMITTEE.
Buffalo, N. Y., May 15, 191 7.
To The Natural Gas Association of America :
"Gentlemen : Your Auditing Committee has checked the
cash balance of May ist, 1916 and receipts and disbursements
for this year as shown by the statement and bank book, and
find that they correspond. The Special Fund account has also
been checked to May ist, 1917, and we find the report to be
correct.
We respectfully suggest, however, that the system of ac-
counting be changed so that a proper audit can be made of the
receipts and delinquent accounts, as from the books submitted
it can not be done, and also that all bills be approved by the
President, Vice President or a committee authorized by the Asso-
ciation, as under the present system no bills are approved.
The indemnity bond of the Secretary-Treasurer has been
examined and found correct. It expires on June 14th, 1917, and
is for $3,000.00. In view of the larger volume of business now
transacted, we would respectfully recommend that the bond be
increased accordingly. H. C. Reeser,
J. B. Tonkin,
L. A. Sevffert,
Committee.
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48 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
President Guffey: Gentlemen, you have heard the re-
port of the Auditing Committee. What is your pleasure?
It was then moved by Mr. J. W. McMahon, and duly
seconded by Mr. J. M. Garard that the Report of the Auditing
Committee be received, placed on file and ordered spread upon
the minutes.
President Guffey: Mr. Braden will you kindly preside
for a few moments ?
Mr. Glenn T. Braden, Vice-President, then assumed the
President's chair and said :
Gentlemen, I will now call on the President for his Address,
Mr. Joseph F. Guffey then delivered the following:
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
JOSEPH F. guffey.
To the Members of the Natural Gas Association of America :
We are assembled today in our Twelfth Annual Convention
to review the work of the year just completed, and, taking
courage and inspiration from our past achievements, to plan as
hopefully and wisely as may be for the future.
As I read over the addresses of many of my predecessors
in this office, it gave me pleasure to find that most of the hopes
and few of the fears therein expressed have been realized.
The past year has brought to us a fair measure of pros-
perity, though we were called upon to meet the greatest demand
in our history and under the most adverse conditions.
We are entering upon a condition in the affairs of our
nation more critical than has ever confronted any of those here
present; and it behooves us to give careful and sane considera-
tion to all our business problems. For years, the chief thought
of every successful gas man has been along the lines of con-
servation; but until now, no concerted national effort has been
made by which all the resources of this great country of ours
will be brought to the highest point of efficiency. Not only na-
tional honor, but our individual welfare, is at stake and every
man must work to see that his efforts bring forth the greatest
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 49
results. Conservation must be more than a word. It must be
a fact and, in order to bring about this greatly to be desired
result, each and every member of the Association should put
forth his every endeavor as an individual and as an executive
to see that every possible form of waste is eliminated.
We may be called upon by the Government to make sacrifices
involving pecuniary losses and personal discomforts. One of
our members now is actively engaged on the National Defense
Board in work which will be of great benefit to our Govern-
ment in the all important work of furnishing petroleum, lubri-
cants and gasoline.
We have offered the co-operation of our Association along
any lines which would be of assistance to the Government in
the way of increasing production, especially in the recovery of
gasoline. I sincerely trust that you will not only give your hearty
support to this action as an organization, but that each member
will personally take up the offer and give it his individual en-
dorsement.
At the 1916 meeting of this Association, held in Pittsburg,
the Ways and Means Committee recommended that permanent
headquarters be established, to be devoted solely to the best in-
terests of the natural gas industry ; and, further, that the Ways
and Means G)mmittee be authorized to equitably classify and
assess the various companies identified with the Association to
the end that necessary funds be provided, and that the incoming
President be empowered to appoint a Resident Secretary. This
recommendation was unanimously adopted, and by virtue of the
authority contained therein, permanent headquarters were estab-
lished in rooms 904 and 905, of the Henry W. Oliver Building,
Pittsburgh, Pa., and Mr. David O. Holbrook was placed in
charge of the same as Resident Secretary. As yet, the Ways
and Means Committee has not made a final recommendation as
to the manner of raising the necessary funds to carry this plan
into effect, but your Association is indebted to the following
companies for their very generous financial support during the
year, they having in the aggregate voluntarily contributed
$15,000.00:
4
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50 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Union Natural Gas Corporation,
Natural Gas Company of West Virginia,
Philadelphia Company,
American Natural Gas Company,
Carnegie Natural Gas Company,
Manufacturers Light & Heat Company,
Ohio Fuel Supply Company,
Fayette County Gas Company,
East Ohio Gas Company,
Peoples Natural Gas Company,
Hope Natural Gas Company,
Connecting Gas Company,
Reserve Gas Company,
Greensboro Gas Company,
Henry L. Doherty & Company,
Dawes Interests,
Columbia Gas and Electric Ccunpany,
United Fuel Gas Company,
Osage & Oklahoma Gas Ccmipany
Lone Star Gas Company,
National Fuel Gas Company.
This permanent office exists solely, as was recommended,
for the advancement of the interests of the natural gas industry.
With its resources, we are endeavoring to collect and make in-
stantly available, to the members of the association and contribut-
ing companies, an invaluable fund of statistics and information
concerning all phases of the natural gas industry, including de-
cisions rendered by public service commissions and the courts.
Many of you have already taken advantage of your privilege to
call upon the Resident Secretary for assistance in gathering facts
in regard to rates, public service decisions, rules governing de-
posits, readiness to serve charges, and many other questions
which I might mention.
Such an undertaking requires the hearty co-operation of
every member of the Association, as the office is in reality a
clearing house for information valuable alike to the members
of our organization and the companies they represent. I trust
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 61
you win bear in mind that it is only by using this office and
asidng for information that it can be brought to its greatest
efficien^.
If we are to ccmtinue our permanent headquarters and carry
out the plans of organization as now outlined, we should have
an annual income of at least $25,000.00, and we hope the Ways
and Means Committee are prepared to submit some practical
plan whereby this sum will be assured.
During the past year, your AssociaticMi has been able to
render service in connection with proposed adverse legislation,
both National and State. At the present time, no extreme or
radical legislation is under consideration affecting the natural
gas industry, as far as your officers are aware.
These are da3rs when, by reason of the democratization of
government, the business interest here, like the landed aris-
tocracy on the other side, are tending to a fair division of profits.
Education, now not only free but compulsory, is the great level-
ing process of democracy, and it is because of this fact that
efficiency has become the watchword in the natural gas business
as well as in all other lines of endeavor. We must be efficient
or give way to others who are. The members of this Associa-
tion are connected with companies which are primarily public
service corporations. The chief end of such ccMnpanies is not
to return big earnings to their owners, but to render service to
the people ; and all questions which affect the production, trans-
portation and marketing of natural gas must be decided with
this one consideration uppermost : How can our service to the
public be maintained and improved ?
Our Association is to be congratulated upon the fact that,
with very few exceptions, the men appointed as members of
the Public Service Commissions of the various states have been
high class, broad minded citizens; and that the disposition of
the Commissions has been first to ascertain the facts and then
to do equity between the parties. While many questions are still
unsettled, a good beginning has been made.
As has already been stated, this Association has for one
of its most important functions the assisting of its members by
the tabulation of statistics and presentation of facts for use
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62 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
before Public Service Commissions. The service feature, of
which I have spoken, is sometimes lost sight of in rate cases
before these authorities. It is an important consideration. The
interest of the public in paying adequate rates is greater than
that of the company in collecting them. A crippled company
means crippled service. To be successful in the natural gas
business, a company must have sufficient financial strength to
enable it to make not only extensive explorations, but also exten-
sions to its transportation system. Consumers will gladly pay
much higher rates than those which now prevail if they can
thereby prevent a natural gas shortage. A gas company's
securities should be a safe and conservative investment Such
companies should not be allowed by Public Service Commissions
to supply the public with gas at rates which are too low to
produce earnings sufficient for the amortization of their capital,
a fair dividend returned on their investment, and additional
earnings to justify them for the extra hazard of the business.
Public Service Commissions should stabilize the securities of
public utilities.
We are deeply indebted and correspondingly grateful to
the gentlemen who have so generously given their time and
thought to the preparation of the papers to be presented to you
during this Convention. We can easily applaud their reports;
but we can show our appreciation of their work in no better
way than by hearty participation in the discussions to follow,
thus deriving the full benefit of their papers.
I wish it distinctly understood that all statements contained
in this brief address represent my personal views, alone and not
the opinion of the Association. In this connection, I am going
to suggest that the Association itself at this meeting, in so far
as it may be practicable, determine the scope desired for future
work.
To have served this Association as its President is an honor
and a privil^e, by me highly appreciated. My year is at its
close. It has been a year ftdl of activity and full of promise.
For the many courtesies and the cordial co-operation which I
have received at the hands of the Officers and Members of the
Association, I am deeply grateful, and, for the new acquaintances
and warm friendships made, I am the richer.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 53
In conclusion, let me assure you that when I turn over to
my successor the gavel of authority, I shall do so, feeling, not
only that this Association, by valuable services rendered, has
earned the right to our earnest support, but also that it can and
will, by its increasing helpfulness, be made an indispensible as-
sistant to all men who follow the varying fortunes and fascinat-
ing uncertainties of the natural gas industry.
A hearty round of applause followed the reading of the
above President's Address, after which Vice President Braden
said:
Gentlemen, you have heard the President's Address. What
action do you wish to take?
Mr. Martin B. Daly: Mr. Chairman: I am sure that
every member has enjoyed the intelligent and instructive ad-
dress of our worthy President and I know we all appreciate the
energy and skill he has devoted to its preparation. No man is
more able to give us instruction along the line he has spoken
about. I move that the President's Address be referred to a
Committee of three to be appointed by Vice President Braden,
this Committee to report later as to what recommendations it
may have to offer with reference thereto.
Mr. Paul Luebecker: I second the motion.
The above motion having been duly seconded was carried
and \'ice President Braden then appointed the following:
COMMITTEE ON PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
Martin B. Daly, of Cleveland, Ohio;
J. \V. McMahon, of Toledo, Ohio ;
O. K. Shannon, of Fort Worth, Texas.
President Guffey then resumed the chair of the presiding
officer, and said:
Gentlemen, the first paper to be presented at this session
is one by Mr. John W. Lansley, Secretary South Western Gas
& Electric Company, Chicago, Illinois, on the subject "The Ef-
fect of Publicity on Business Relations." I take great pleasure
in presenting to you Mr. Lansley.
Mr. John W. Lansley then read the following paper:
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THE EFFECT OF FU15L1CITY OX HUSIXESS
RELATIONS.
By John W. Lansley
The best evidence that "Publicity'* has made good in public
utility service is found in the fact that it has become firmly estab-
lished as an important subject for discussion at conventions
of this character. Recognition of the power of publicity has
come more slowly in the natural gas business than in some
others, but it is here at last. There are few among us who still
doubt the efficacy of judicious, truthful and well prepared ad-
vertising.
For a long time we clung tenaciously to the error that low
prices w^ould do all the talking necessary to sell gas and hold
the business in its rightful place in public esteem. With some
surprise, we recently awoke to the discovery that the public does
not always recognize a low price when it sees it, that people
must be told things before they can be expected to believe them,
(."in
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 55
that they must know before they can have confidence, and that
business relations without confidence are certain to be unsatis-
factory if not unprofitable.
Assuming that the primary general object of publicity in
the natural gas business is to inspire confidence in the public
mind, we have full economic justification for advertising ex-
pense within reasonable bounds. The kind of business relations
existing between natural gas companies and their customers
measure the commercial value of the publicity department's work
and the dimensions of the task to be performed.
The natural gas company engaged in selling gas to the public
is, first of all, amendable to state regulation as to its rates, char-
acter of service, and often its financing operations. This regula-
tion is the outgrowth of public opinion. To whatever extent it
is just and fair or unjust and unfair, to exactly that same ex-
tent the business has acquired or neglected to acquire the con-
fidence of the public, its customers.
Regulatory laws are often fairly and justly interpreted by
Courts and Commissions, but inspection of the literal provisions
of many of these laws points clearly to lack of confidence on
the part of the public. Lack of public confidence results from
lack of public knowledge, and lack of public knowledge is due
to improper or neglected publicity.
Attacks are made indiscriminately upon rates that are just
and reasonable. Low prices are no more immune against chal
lenge than high prices. These attacks come out of public igno
ranee of the cost, hazard and difficulty of producing, transporting
and distributing gas. The persons who institute them, being
themselves ignorant of the business, as a rule, are merely the
instruments or self-appointed champions of the popular will.
Complaint of the character of service, usually the result of
the company's inability to meet an overwhelming demand in win-
ter, is the natural expression of people undergoing discomfort
without fully understanding the conditions with which the com-
panies are beset.
Interference with necessary financing is the consequence of
a mistaken notion that a capital stock or bond issue is a basic
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50 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
element in determining what is a fair and reasonable price for
the service rendered.
These three classifications embody practically all the troubles
that come under the head of Public Relations. If such troubles
are due to lack of knowledge on the part of the public, it fol-
lows that they can be minimized or reduced by proper publicity.
The question of what is proper publicity for any particular
company, or for the business at large, is purely speculative, ex-
cept as experience may have disclosed the effects of certain ef-
forts in specific instances. It is a problem that would have been
worthy of the wisest consideration of a well advertised ancient
ruler of renown. Solomon of old was not noted for keeping his
affairs to himself, and yet a great many people have been led to
believe that he knew his business.
How to go about the work of publicity designed to inspire
confidence and improve the business relations existing between
natural gas companies and their millions of patrons is of great
and ever-growing importance to producing, transporting and dis-
tributing companies alike. It is a comparatively new and still
somewhat strange field of labor for the financier, the miner, the
engineer and the public utility expert. Experience costs money,
and mistakes may be serious, if not fatal. The oldest hand tackles
the job with least assurance. Every situation demands a differ-
ent formula or a new plan, yet the continuous effect of all good
publicity must be consistent and unvarying.
Any deviation from the exact truth in advertising or can-
vassing, any error in the logic or argument, any "break" that in-
dicates ignorance of the business, is fatal or injurious to the ef-
fort. It is necessary, therefore, to place this work in the hands
of those who have the faculty of understanding human nature
and the wisdom to be patient with it, who are familiar with the
business and competent to judge how much or how little should
be said on any subject to give it proper relative importance, who
have had sufficient experience and training to enable them to
write clearly and expressively. Literary frills will not be needed.
It is the plain statement of fact and simple argument that carry
most weight and are most likely to inspire confidence in the mind
of the reader.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 57
There are various vehicles for publicity, but experience has
taught many of us that the daily newspaper is the best and most
economical of all in view of the result to be obtained. Practically
all the large public service corporations, from the railroads down,
are now using advertising space in the daily papers freely to
present their aims and claims to the public.
That an increasing number of companies are pursuing this
method to gain and hold public confidence, and that the amount
of expenditures for this purpose is apparently growing, indicates
that the effect of such publicity is worth the time and money
spent upon it.
Any fixed policy of publicity, such as determines the char-
acter and cost of the work to be done, must be decided upon in
advance according to the conditions that exist in the locality to
be covered. Attempting to lay down permanent rules for ad-
vertising would only invite failure. To try to prepare advertis-
ing to fit different cities served by different companies under dif-
ferent conditions would be as futile as for a lawyer to make the
same plea to every jury in every case.
If we believe that the effect of publicity is to improve our
business relations with our customers, upon whom we depend
for our revenues and who dictate the laws under which we must
operate, then the proposition is important enough to merit our
best attention in each particular case. No doubt, everyone
present who has had experience with publicity in the public
utility business could relate instances of beneficial results, but
such instances are valuable chiefly as testimony in favor of the
general policy and can seldom be used to the best advantage in
other situations.
The writer has had some experience in preparing publicity
matter to meet or anticipate conditions arousing or likely to
arouse public complaint. In every case the daily newspaper has
been sufficient as a medium through which to reach the ear of
the public. In every case it has been found advisable to discard
the exact forms of previous undertakings, make a new diagnosis
and write a different prescription ; as in medicine, much depends
upon a true diagnosis. In every case the public has been found
willing and anxious to hear the company's argument, though it
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58 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
might be directly contrary to the public opinion previously held.
In every case it has been possible to make a truthful, candid,
convincing statement of the company's side without exposing
any mysterious inner secrets of the business. In every case of
publicity designed to improve our business relations, we have
found the expenditure profitable, I make bold to assert, though
this latter statement is but the opinion of one who may justly
be termed a prejudiced witness.
It is easy to write interesting stories of fact about the
natural gas business. There is no more romantic industry than
the production of this God-given fuel from the depths of the
earth. Then why not tell the public, tell them repeatedly until
they are taught, about the drilling and maintenance of gas wells
in the fields from which their supply is drawn? Do you sup-
pose any gas consumer ever gives thought to the millions of
dollars fruitlessly invested in dry holes and lease rentals
throughout the world, or realizes that these fruitless endeavors
measure the hazard of the producing business and are truly a
part of the actual investment involved in natural gas service?
If no one gives the natural gas business credit for this invest-
ment — and you are hereby advised that no one does — whose
fault is it?
Among the greatest and most modern transportation
agencies in the world are the pipe lines which carry natural gas
from the wells to the cities served, sometimes many hundreds
of miles distant. Then why not speak of the gigantic problems
met in financing, constructing and maintaining such enterprises?
How many gas consumers know that the size of a pipe line
is limited by their own ability to pay, in the price of gas, a
fair return upon the investment? How many know that com-
pressors are necessary to transport gas and are not designed to
pump air through the meters? As an amateur student of public
opinion, the writer respectfully represents that public ignorance
on these points and scores of others is abundant.
The business of distributing natural gas to the people of
those communities fortunate enough to be within the zone of
its economical delivery is an exacting and complicated service.
The margin of profit per cubic foot upon which the distributing
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 59
company must operate is usually very small. It is only through
heroic effort and extreme skill and efficiency that the average
distributing company can earn a fair return. Then why not
take our customers into our confidence and let them know what
they are getting and how they are getting it ?
That the public generally believes that natural gas has less
heating power than artificial gas, that it believes that large con-
sumers are favored at the expense of small consumers, that it
often believes the company adulterates the gas, '*fixes" the
meters, falsifies the bills — all this error and much more of
a similar nature is an indictment against us for neglecting to
look after our business relations in a proper manner.
Blaming the public for being suspicious of those things
about which it knows nothing is condemning good business sense.
The consuming public is neither less honest nor more honest
than the producing public. If popular opinion is unfair to
natural gas companies, if municipal restrictions are unfair, if
state regulatory laws are unfair, then all this unfairness must
be due to lack of information, which is only another way of
saying lack of publicity. If the effect of publicity is to induce
fairness in trade between individuals, it is a vital element in
business life, its cost a legitimate and necessary operating ex-
pense, its neglect an evidence of poor management.
Discussion of the minor details of publicity intended to im-
prove the business relations of gas companies and the public
and to promote confidence and harmony, would not lead us
anywhere in a gathering such as this. It is doubtful whether
such a discussion would accomplish anything in a convention
composed entirely of advertising experts. The mediums most
available, the amount of money to be appropriated for the pur-
pose, when and how to prepare copy for advertisements, the
space and type to be used — all must be decided for each com-
pany according to the conditions with which it is confronted,
and then left to the skill and judgment of the man who is given
charge of the work.
As there can be no set rules or fonnulas in publicity, any
specified number of men may be depended upon to hold an
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60 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
equal number of opinions regarding the details. The leading
experts in the advertising world disagree radically upon the
minor points of their profession. It is useless to follow fixed
forms in publicity, as it would be in personal correspondence,
and good publicity work cannot be done beyond sight, hearing
and touch of the local consciousness to be reached.
In important matters of finance, engineering and construc-
tion, we trust the work to the man in charge and hold him re-
sponsible. It should be so with publicity. The company's task,
as in the selection of a superintendent, attorney or head of
department, is to put the right man in charge. While we can-
not make much progress in considering details of publicity, we
can, however, give attention to certain general conditions, with
a view to consistent eflfort to combat, correct and improve them.
In this way, the continuous publicity work of local companies
in their respective fields of service will be uniform, logical and
cumulative in its eflFect, the final successful result being a
changed universal opinion of the natural gas business as a
whole. From this changed opinion the industry will have gained
permanently a reasonable degree of public confidence, which
is all we ask in our contests with Nature and our controversies
with those we serve.
Every natural gas company is aware of the extraordinary
heat energy of its product, as compared with other fuels, its
hygienic value, its non-poisonous characteristics and other vir-
tues of practical application. Under this heading alone may be
found subjects for scores of interesting, instructive and eflfec-
tive advertisements, each of them capable of adding to the sum
of public knowledge and strengthening public confidence in the
merit of the gas itself.
To some of you the serious constant reiteration of such
self-evident facts may appear unnecessary and useless, but the
masses of the public are no more familiar with these things
than is the uneducated child familiar with the fact that two
and two are four until it has been permanently hammered into
him. It is the very simplicity of the things we desire the public
to know that makes the .c^reatncss of our opportunity.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 61
Of late, the light has been breaking in on the industry in
the matter of prices at which natural gas is sold. Possibly, we
are not, as yet, all of one mind on this subject, but facts can-
not remain hidden forever, and some day, if not right now, we
must admit that the selling price of natural gas always has been
far below its true economic value in comparison with other
f uek, that the companies have sacrificed mUlions of dollars in
this ¥^y, for which the public has not always given even good
will in return, and that in consequence of these low prices waste-
ful use and earlier exhaustion of supply are inevitable. Many
formerly productive natural gas fields, now only memories of
glorious fuel saturnalias of the past, might still be engaged in
the public service but for the tmeconomic low prices at which
the gas was sold.
If the industry itself is just coming to the point in its de-
velopment where these facts are recognized and admitted, it
is not strange that the consuming public exhibits no zeal in
helping us establish higher and more equitable rates.
Cut-throat competition and piratical enterprise in the early
days of natural gas production laid upon the industry a handicap
of absurdly low prices from which it has not yet emerged.
Flamboyant promoters, preaching of inexhaustible supply and
uncountable profits, convinced the public that any price that
might be charged for natural gas was too high. They have
rested from their labors, but tormenting evidences of their ac-
tivity remain. The publicity man will have to do most of the
heavy shoveling in clearing away the rubbish still left in the
public mind.
The true value of natural gas fuel, compared with the
price; economic methods of use, compared with wasteful meth-
ods ; the duty of the industry and the public to conserve, as far
as possible, the known supply — all offer many fruitful topics
for treatment in the public prints. The right price for gas is
always a live subject and will get the attention of the public
whenever it is mentioned. The natural gas industry sells a fuel
richer in heating value at a price much lower than is usually
charged for artificial gas, but the natural gas is not freed from
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«2 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
complaint by reason thereof, and will not be, until full publicity
on the point of price has been given.
This industry, in the same manner as other public utilities,
is harassed and impeded because of the mistaken popular idea
that small consumers are over-charged in favor of large con-
sumers. Politicians make much of this idea and it enters, in
some form, into all questions of rate regulation. It is respon-
sible for much ill feeling among consumers of gas and makes
development work and satisfactory service more difficult. It
is a part of the error which must be removed by publicity be-
fore our business relations with our customers can be on a fair
co-operative basis.
There are many things to be said in an interesting way
on this subject through carefully prepared advertising. The
records of all natural gas companies are now kept in sudi detail
that analysis of consumers' accounts is easily made. It will
be found, without exception, that large numbers of small con-
sumers receive service at less than cost and that larger con-
sumers must make up this deficit and the return on the invest-
ment. It is necessary that this fact be firmly impressed upon
the public before equitable schedules of rates can become
popular.
The statement that the small consumer is a losing proposi-
tion for a public utility company is generally received with in-
credulity in any community, which is evidence of the widespread
ignorance on this point and the need of persistent publicity.
There is no reason to fear the publication of facts relating to
this subject, when diplomatically presented. Popular knowledge
as to the relative commercial status of small and large consum-
ers will bring about much better relations between the public
and the company, and is a sound basis on which to strive for
more equitable or higher rates. Public opinion is pretty decent
when it feels the big fellow is getting the worst of it
In times of shortage due to extremely cold weather or ex-
cessive demand from any cause, complaint of natural gas ser-
vice is universal. Nothing so intensifies the feeling of antago-
nism toward a public service corporation as physical discomfort,
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
and the relations between the company and its customers are
seriously affected on such occasions. As we are well aware,
combinations of circumstances sufficient to cause interrupted
or impaired service will arise at intervals as long as natural
gas exists. The best method of anticipating and meeting such
situations is, therefore, clear. It is better to advise the public,
through proper publicity, of the numerous forces that constantly
put their service in peril than to induce or allow them to be-
lieve the supply of gas is more than sufficient for every emer-
gency and inexhaustible.
The little added business that may be gained by over-assur-
ance is no recompense for an angry community with frosted
toes, believing they have been deceived or that the company is
incompetent. The benefits of natural gas service are so great
during the major portion of the year that they completely over-
shadow the discomfort of a few days of interrupted service
or the small expense of providing auxiliary equipment and fuel.
A natural gas company should not hesitate to make this
plain to all who use its service, and when it has done so it will
find a great difference in the temper of its patrons. The simple
fact that the supply of gas at the wells and the capacity of any
pipe line are subject to the laws of Nature, while the possible
demand for service is unlimited by any law, should be impressed
upon every user of natural gas.
When this is done, the complaint following interrupted
service will not only be less serious, but personal discomfort
and business disorganization will be greatly diminished. Pub-
licity is the answer here, as everywhere in matters which affect
the business relations between the company and the people.
"Excessive profits" is a delicious phrase for the demagogue
who mouths of millions in his attacks upon public service corpo-
rations, and the bigness of the sums involved helps to carry
conviction to the public mind. Anything to which the word
million may be applied has few elements of popularity in this
country of free speech and democratic ideals. Reduced to
smaller units, of equal truth and importance, the large figures
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64 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
of investment and income become more intelligible and less
offensive.
It is often advisable and necessary to speak publicly of the
financial affairs of a natural gas company. In such publicity,
it is well to present a few facts as to the size and extent of
the property in use whenever the amount of the investment in
dollars is mentioned. Gross income and earnings appear much
less excessive to the public when the number of consumers is
known and the small sum which each individual contributes is
calculated.
Unjust taxation becomes unpopular and indefensible when
treated as a certain excess tax levied upon gas consumers for
the support of the general public. Free service work, to which
many companies devote attention for the purpose of improving
business relations, does not produce the full results of which
It is capable unless it is supported by proper publicity.
It is impossible to enumerate here the many ways in which
plain facts concerning the natural gas business can be presented
to the public with beneficial effect, but experience tends to show
that all truthful, candid, seriously undertaken publicity is good,
that it improves the relations existing between company and con-
stmier, whether such relations may previously have been satis-
factory or otherwise. In doing so, it assists commercial develop-
ment, makes larger sales possible and aids the company in pro-
curing reasonable prices for its product.
The term "Publicity," as applied to the natural gas business,
is generally understood to mean the various forms of printed
matter, newspapers, periodicals, booklets, circulars, etc., which
it has been customary to make use of in advertising. In that
aspect, the subject has been treated here, but there are other
forms of effective publicity which should not be overlooked.
Good service, polite demeanor on the part of officers and em-
ployes, and making apparent by word and action the company's
desire to treat the public fairly and give the most value possible
for the money, will be found to help materially in establishing
and maintaining the cordial relations we seek. Energetic and
sincere participation in the general activities of community life
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 65
is of great assistance to the manager of a distributing company.
It identifies him publicly as a live one, interested in the affairs
of the people, as well as his own, and goes far toward fixing
the status of the company as a real and valuable citizen, ready
to pull its share in the tug of war for common advancement.
Managers, heads of departments and employes of all grades
may discreetly take active part in the business and social life
of their cities. Membership in conunercial associations, clubs
and societies offers many opportunities to the public utility man
for broadening and extending his usefulness and influence, pro-
vided it is not pushed to such excess as to arouse the enmity
and ill will of other leading citizens ambitious in fraternal and
social circles. The personal ambition of a good gas manager is
circumscribed by the gas business. As a career, it has no
superior in variety and intellectual exercise.
We have spoken of the necessity of local plans and policies
in publicity because of the differences in conditions with which
distributing companies are surrounded. Such handling of pub-
licity undertakings is most effective, but it is possible to compile
much general information relating to the industry at large and
place it at the disposal of all companies for use in publicity
campaigns.
Statistics covering the extent and difficulties of natural gas
production, transportation and distribution throughout the coun-
try will be read with interest by the consuming public and fur-
nish safe topics for publicity tmder all circumstances.
An expert detailed survey of the industry that would show
its possibilities of service from the known fields of production,
the possibilities of transportation under peak load demand, and
the possibilities of commercial development under proper and
reasonable schedules of prices would be very helpful in guiding
general publicity along lines of logical argument and practical
accomplishment. Information of this nature could be so intel-
ligently and persistently used that it would eventually give the
entire gas-consuming public a truer idea of the real worth of
natural gas to mankind. It would also develop a keener sense
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66 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
of fairness to and confidence in the men who have discovered,
harnessed, driven and delivered it to the homes and factories
of the people. Incidentally, many of us would probably be in-
structed and made more efficient as a result of our labors.
The aim of publicity being to give correct information to
the public, the foundation for it must be possession within the
industry of correct information touching every point that has
a bearing upon the character of the business relations it is de-
sired to sustain. We have entered upon a period in public
utility service that concedes the profitableness and necessity of
co-operation between producer and consumer. Both must derive
benefit from every legitimate transaction. Co-operation is im-
possible without mutual understanding, and mutual understand-
ing can only come by transference of knowledge within the
industry to those on the outside. The agency is, of course,
publicity.
It is the duty of managers of gas companies to inform
themselves upon every phase of popular misconception of the
business. Their accountants, their engineers, their new-business
chiefs can give them the facts, and their publicity department
will know, or should know, how and when to make use of them.
Publicity work cannot be done effectively in a half-hearted
or insincere manner. The determination to make things right
must exist before it can be demonstrated. A true story must
be told many times before everyone will know it.
Reputation is built upon publicity and varies as the pub-
licity is good or bad. Publicity obtained without effort or ex-
pense is generally bad. If the natural gas business is to occupy
its proper place in public regard, it must prepare and pay for
its own publicity. Disgruntled consumers and shyster politicians
constitute a poor advertising force for a gas company. Truth-
ful publicity intercepts the existence of the one and neutralizes
the other.
Our business relations with each other are founded upon
such knowledge as we possess. When the average man is oxi-
vinced that he is getting a square deal he is a pleasant fellow
to trade with. Then the service he purchases is more valuable
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 67
because more satisfactory to him, and his patronage is worth
more to the one who receives it.
DISCUSSION.
After the applause had subsided, which followed the read-
ing of the above paper, President Guff ey said : I am sure every
member present joins me in thanking Mr. Lansley for the very
able paper he has furnished to the membership of this Associa-
tion. I think we can now show our appreciation of the same
by a free and generous discussion of the ideas contained therein.
The paper is now before you. It ought to receive a thorough
discussion commensurate with the importance of the subject
with which it treats. Is Mr. Milt Saul present? We would like
to hear from him.
Mr. Milt Saul: Mr. President and Gentlemen, I do not
know that there is anything that can be added to the splendid
paper prepared and just read by Mr. Lansley. The only sug-
gestion probably, or the best suggestion I could make is that we
all take that paper and study it very seriously and very care-
fully. We all ought to give it our most careful and deliberate
consideration.
Throughout the gas industry — the manufacturing gas in-
dustry as well as the natural gas industry there are a number
of former newspaper men. I am one of them. We have noticed
a number of times in the past few years the admirable papers
that Mr. Lansley has prepared. It has been unanimous among
the former newspaper men now engaged in this industry, that
he always gives accurate advice on matters of publicity. It is
a source of a great deal of satisfaction to those men to get the
pt^)licity suggestions he makes.
Now I mention the former newspaper men solely for the
reason that they are experienced, — probably more experienced
in publicity matters than the rest of us.
There are two points in Mr. Lansley's paper that I would
like very much to emphasize. He brought them out very ad-
mirably. One of them is the importance of reiteration in mat-
ters of publicity, and truthful publicity for the public. It can-
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68 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
not be stated too often, nor too continuously, this matter of
publicity that you wish the public to get and to appreciate. As
an illustration, take the case of a political party, or a candidate
for office. He wishes the public to be informed. You will find
that for months in advance of the election the greatest amount
of publicity and advertising will be expended in order to inform
the public. The publicity managers of a political movement,
they do not advertise once and then stop. They do not take a
shot with one form of publicity only, but they keep it up con-
tinuously for weeks and even then the public is not thoroughly
informed at the close of the campaign.
Now, in matters of a more technical nature, such as the
natural gas business and matters pertaining to the use of gas
in all of its various forms, it cannot be expected that the public
will understand what its advantages are or what its economics
are unless it is told repeatedly. So I would suggest in connec-
tion with Mr. Lansley's paper that each company here and the
representatives of each company here decide to put advertising
and publicity on its pay roll as a definite item of regular expense
and employ it as a definite working force as you would your
auditors or your bookkeepers or your salesmen.
Publicity is not a matter of secondary importance. It is of
primary importance. You must inform the public and keep them
informed as to your policy; as to the advantages of the article
you have for sale; as to the service you offer the public in the
use of the commodity you are furnishing. It is not a thing to
be treated lightly as Mr. Lansley so admirably puts it.
Now, there is just one other point I would like to call at-
tention to. He has stated that the managers of companies can
help in publicity matters by activities in various lines in the
community. It was my good fortune once to be connected with
a public utility company that tried out that policy. It insisted
that its men join in the various civic movements; the Chamber
of Commerce ; the different improvement associations ; the social
clubs. Every movement of public interest had one of our men
in it to represent the company ; and whatever campaign of pub-
licity the company was waging at that time, was backed up by
the personal publicity on the part of these representatives in
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
these prominent places, and connected with these popular move-
ments. If the Company had any matter up before a Commission
and was carrying advertising matter, — publicity matter in the
newspapers, our own men were at points where the men of the
community gathered, and when they discussed these things they
were there to enlarge on them and to help educate the public in
this way. They led the community to believe that what the
Company was saying in the newspapers was true; was correct.
They were there to explain, and it was not very long until this
Company that I have in mind was the most popular institution
in town. That was because of their campaign of publicity and
the way they went about it. Its best men were representing it
where other men gathered to discuss such matters and all of
its matters were taUced of publicly in these places and the public
got a good opinion of the Company and to this day that good
opinion is maintained. Now I would suggest to take Mr. Lans-
ley's paper, on account of its very fine, technical value, and
study it and make up your minds to put the important item of
advertising and publicity on your payroll and back it up by
personal publicity throughout the community. I thank you
(applause).
President Guffey : We would now like to hear from Mr.
Hoover of Cincinnati, Ohio. What have you to say on this
subject ?
Mr. H. J. Hoover: Mr. President and Gentlemen; some
of us, whose particular work in the gas industry has been to
deal with the public, have long recognized the importance of
constant and efficient publicity. At nearly every meeting, we
have had some paper and some discussion of this matter. Some
of us have been pioneers in an effort to instill into the minds of
the officials of these companies the necessity of honest publicity.
I do not believe that anything can be added to or taken away
from Mr. Lansle/s most excellent paper. I think it can be
truthfully said that it is the most thoroughly prepared and the
most carefully developed treatment of the subject of publicity
that has ever been presented to a natural gas convention. I
heartily endorse what Mr. Saul has said, that we take it home
and study it and see that every official connected with the Com-
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70 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
pany digest it thoroughly. It contains in every paragraph food
for thought. It treats of a subject that should be acted upon
and if acted upon, it will bring results and good results. I think
that Mr. Saul has stated a very important matter, in a very con-
cise way, when he said that publicity should be put upon every
company's pay roll. The expense of publicity should be part
of every gas company's expenditures, just the same as the salary
or compensation of any employee should be a part and parcel
of that expense. We may not be able to point to direct results,
but we do know that it does bring results. Last winter we all
experienced shortages of gas in our several communities. I be-
lieve that anyone who came in contact with the public and ex-
plained the conditions under which we were operating and the
gigantic propositions we have to meet and the impossibility of
rendering adequate service under existing conditions, after these
explanations, could not help but be impressed by the advantages
of honest publicity. After explaining our difficulties we were
almost universally met by the statement from our patrons and
customers "Why do you not tell that to the public?" "We
understand it now, but why don't you tell it to the public?*' We
should take the public into our confidence and when these mat-
ters are explained to the public, we are sure it will have the
effect of minimizing criticism (applause).
President Guffey: If Mr. Frederick W. Stone, Manager
Ashtabula Gas Company is present, we would like to hear from
him.
Mr. Frederick W. Stone : About all I can say, Mr. Presi-
dent and gentlemen, is that I heartily coincide with the views
as expressed in the paper just read and with the remarks that
have been made by the gentleman who has just preceded me.
When I heard Mr. Lansley read his most excellent paper, I
was reminded of a remark I heard made at Cleveland three or
four weeks ago with regard to a speech to which we had just
listened. In going away from the place of meeting I heard one
man make this concise and pointed remark: "Well, that fellow
certainly knows his business ; he knows what he is talking about."
As I say, when I heard Mr. Lansley read his paper, I felt the
same way about it. It goes without saying that he knows his
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 71
business and he knows what he is talking about. I suppose any
one managing a gas company has been up against the proposition
that when he has had trouble he feels that the newspapers jump
oa to him. If there is a breakage in the line; if there is any
shortage of gas or anything of that kind, the newspapers are
usually anxious to tell the people about it, or at least to the gas
manager it seems that they are apparently anxious to tell their
readers all about it and the gas manager usually feels that the
newspaper man gives the story undue prominence by its loca-
tion in the paper. On the other hand, if your service has been
good throughout the whole year, the newspapers do not say
anything about it and when you go to the Editor and ask him
to put in something praiseworthy about the gas company, he
receives you with an indifference so that when you go away
from him you are inclined to feel a little sore at him because
he does not do as you want him to do. I think that is caused
by the different viewpoint by which we consider the matter and
it all turns on what, in the eyes of the newspaper man, is news
and what is not news and upon what, in the mind of the gas
manager, would be news from his standpoint. To the news-
paper man, whatever is interesting, startling and strange, that
will be read eagerly by the people, is regarded as news from the
newspaper standpoint and that is the reason they print things
that is possibly adverse to the gas company or give mention to
some unusual occurrence in connection with the gas company's
business. We must all remember that if we do things well, that
is simply something that is expected of us and it is not news
at all. Consequently the newspaper man will not print it or at
least he will not print it free of charge. If the newspaper man
will not print good news on behalf of the gas company free of
charge, it seems to me it is up to the gas company to pay for
it over their own name. If you are man enough to say any-
thing, then be man enough to sign your name to it and to say
that it is so and to stand back of it. That is the kind of work
we have to do in connection with publicity work as far as gas
companies are concerned. I know that some gas companies give
too much importance to the cost of such publicity work. I am
not one who would undertake to set any limit to which a gas
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72 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
company should go or ought not go in the matter of paid pub-
licity nor would I attempt to say that they should expend any
stated amount in their publicity work. But it would be sort of
an inspiration to some of us probably if we were to take into
consideration and give due weight to this item of expenditure
in the electric light business. The electrical interests last year
averaged, by way of expenditure in paid publicity something
like three per cent of gross receipts. That shows the faith they
have in paid publicity. Of course, we could not afford to do
anything of that kind. At least, we could not work ourselves
up in our present state of lethargy to the belief that we could
afford to do it. However, it will give us something to think
about for it is a field of endeavor which we are going to have
to take advantage of more and more in order to let the people
know the advantages of the product we are offering for sale.
We must not necessarily think of the cost and the cost only,
but we must take into account on the other side of the ledger
the results to be obtained. Of course you cannot always meas-
ure the results of publicity. As stated before, you have to ham-
mer and hammer and hammer before you can begin to notice
results. I wonder if anyone here has ever changed the location
of his office and has realized how long a time has to intervene
before the public generally become aware of the change? For
example, if they have changed the office of the company from
Jones Street over to Brown Street, they will find that some
people will continue to go to Jones Street for three or four years
in order to pay their gas bills and that in spite of the fact that
the change has been freely advertised. The people read an item
of that kind and then forget it. If you do not tell it in a half
a dozen different ways and as many different times, they will not
remember it. This illustrates the necessity of keeping continually
at it. Constant repetition of this campaign of publicity is neces-
sary in order to obtain the best results for it keeps you before
the public all the time and keeps you before them in the way
that you want to be kept.
Now there is another matter that I want to mention, al-
though I do not know that I should take so much of your time.
However, it is upon my mind. We sometimes think that news-
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 73
paper advertising is not read. There was a time when I thought
so and so two or three years ago — about two years ago now —
I undertook to test the efficiency of newspaper advertising. I
went down our customer's ledger and I picked out every tenth
name until I had 500 names. Now those 500 names picked in that
way would represent an average of the people in the community
.because they were, as I say, one out of every 10 of our regular
customers. I sent them a letter with a return envelope in it
and a little form sheet for them to fill out. I asked them if
they read the advertisements which were being put out by the
gas company and if so, whether they thought they were any
good, and also if they could offer any suggestions as to the future
advertising by the company. Out of the 500 letters I got 231
replies. That was nearly 50 per cent. Someone familiar with
the work told me afterwards that that meant that at least two-
thirds of the advertisements were read because there were lots
of people that would get such a letter who would not answer it;
who would lay it off to one side and think they would answer
it after while, but they would not answer it at that particular
time and probably it afterwards escaped their memory and it
would not be answered at all. Therefore, I am convinced that
newspaper advertisements are read more generally than we often
times think they are read. I believe that is all I have to say,
Mr. President, except to emphasize the fact that if we simply
put an advertisement or a statement in the paper we will say
once a year, or even once a month, it does not amount to any-
thing because to get the full benefit from honest publicity, you
have to keep at it constantly. It must be a regular campaign
followed up methodically. I thank you (applause) .
President Guffey: We would like to hear from Mr.
Brown, New Business Manager, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company.
Mr. W. Re. Brown: Mr. President and gentlemen; As
Mr. Lansley has said, I really believe what is necessary today is
not to discuss the details of publicity here but to try and enthuse
the members of the association so that they will be made to be-
lieve that publicity is as much a part of the gas business as gas
itself.
The Ohio Fuel Supply Company started a publicity campaign
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74 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
some five years ago and I was selected to look after this depart-
ment by the company. As a result of that campaign of publicity,
we have issue a little paper called "The Gas Magazine". A
number of you have seen copies of this Magazine in the conven-
tion hall. We feel that has proved to be one of the best methods
for publicity and for telling our side of the story to the public.
Copies of that Magazine have been placed upon the scats in the
hall today so that each member here present can examine the
magazine and see the work we are undertaking to do. I do not
know that there is anything further I want to say with reference
to it. We think the magazine speaks for itself. I have been en-
gaged, as I say, in this work of publicity for several years and if
there is anything about it that any member here wishes to ask
me, I will be glad to furnish what knowledge I may have gained
from this experience. If anyone is desirous to know what suc-
cess we have had with a publication of that kind, I will be very
glad to answer any and all questions with reference to this all-
important subject.
Supplementing this most excellent and valuable paper by Mr.
Lansley, which has been read to us today, I would like to read to
you in this connection what Mr. George W. Perkins has said with
reference to this matter. I believe everybody admits that he is
one of the most successful business men in America. He has
handled a number of big things and certainly, what he has to say
on this subject should carry great weight with it. I believe if I
read what Mr. Perkins has said about publicity, it will give us a
lot more enthusiasm and courage to take up the work and push it
persistenly and methodically. Last month, in an address before
the Bureau of Advertising of the American Newspaper Pub-
lishers' Association at its annual luncheon at the Waldorf-Astoria
in New York, he said :
"The more I see of advertising, the more I am for it. The institu-
tions with which I have been connected during the past twenty-five
years have spent millions of dollars to inform the people upon matters
of importance concerning their affairs.
"The more I have studied, worked with and seen the results of
full, frank and complete publicity the more I have come to believe that
it is almost a cure-all for many of our modern business ills. I believe
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 76
that the reason why publicity in our day and generation can accomplish
so much is primarily because of the intelligence and fair-mindedness of
our people. I believe that all our people, as a whole, want or ask for
is a fair, square deal. They do not expect managers of business con-
cerns to be infallible; they know they are human and liable to make
mistakes; but the people want to know how their business managers
handle the affairs entrusted to them.
"We Americans are not afraid of things simply because they are
big, provided that they are big in the open, above-board; but we are
afraid of large aggregates of secretive, blind-pool methods. And it is
largely because of secretive, blind-pool methods that our people have
been afraid of large aggregates of capital under what is known as cor-
porate control.
"So far as complete publicity has been practiced in our large in-
dustrial corporations it has been equally successful. Is it not high time,
therefore, that we gave more thought to, and applied in a more prac-
tical way, the principles of publicity in our industrial and political af-
fairs? I stand for and believe in publicity — full, frank and complete."
Now, gentlemen, those are the words of a man who has been
a successful business man engaged in big things. I believe if he
were in this audience today and were to get up and give you a
little advice on a financial matter by way of investments, a lot
of you would slip out and go over to your broker's and invest a
little money on that advice, thus showing in a practical way your
estimate of the man. He says that the concerns with which he is
connected have spent millions of dollars to put their companies
in the proper light before the public. As I said before, we feel
we have had success in the publications we have gotten out under
the name of The Gas Magazine. It was started four years ago
and we have been hammering away every month just to bring
before the public the things that Mr. Lansley, in his paper, has
advised us to tell the people. To be sure, we have tried to sugar-
coat the dose so that the public would read it. We must remem-
ber that the public is not interested in our business or in what
we are doing so long as we are meeting the demands of the public
with reference to service. Therefore, it is important that we
make them interested when we are rendering good service. What-
ever we have to tell them must be told in such a manner that they
will read it and remember it. It must not be forced down like
a dose of castor oil but it must be sugar-coated so that they will
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7t) NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
want to take it and are imbibing it without knowing that it is a
medicine. I do not know that there is anything further that I
can say. In fact, I think it is a matter that needs no further dis-
cussion after the comprehensive and lucid exposition of the sub-
ject as made by Mr. Lansley. If, however, there is anything that
any of you gentlemen would like to ask regarding what we have
done along this line of publicity, I would be very glad to answer
to the best of my ability. I thank you (applause).
Mr. George Yardley : I would like to ask what particular
form of advertising gives the best results?
Mr. W. Re. Brown: I agree practically with everything
that Mr. Lansley has said regarding newspaper advertising as a
convenient and successful medium for reaching the public. That,
I think, is one of the best methods of getting what you have to
say before the public in the way you want it said. With refer-
ence to the situation of the Ohio Fuel Supply, I may say there
are a number of small towns in which we do business and prob-
ably the greatest argument in favor of the Magazine method is
the economy with which full, frank publicity can be employed
so that the published matter gets into the hands of the con-
sumer over this extended territory. In our case, we could not
have gotten anything like the extent of publicity from ordinary
newspaper advertising for the same cost we have had in pub-
lishing and distributing "The Gas Magazine." However, I en-
dorse everything that Mr. Lansley has said as to the merits of
newspaper advertising. I can certify to that from my own ex-
perience.
Mr. George Yardley: How is this magazine distributed?
Mr. W. Re. Brown : These magazines are mailed with the
gas bill. We have two different methods of distribution. For a
number of years they were distributed by the meter readers in
the various towns in which we were furnishing gas. In this way
our magazine was distributed from house to house to each patron
in each town. Now, we are pursuing the method of mailing the
magazine with the gas bill.
If there is any other inquiry from any member present, I
will be glad to furnish whatever information I can. I thank you
(applause).
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 77
President Guffey : We have with us this morning one of
our most distinguished legal representatives and I am going to
take the liberty of calling upon him to discuss this matter from
his view point. I am sure we would all be glad to hear from
Judge Douglas, General Counsel, Lx)gan Natural Gas & Fuel
Company, Mansfield, Ohio. (Applause).
Hon. S. M. Douglas : Mr. President, and members of The
Natural Gas Association of America: It would certainly be
presumptuous for me or anyone else who has not given this mat-
ter special attention, in view of the long experience and the splen-
did results that the author of this paper has given to us in the
address just made by him, to attempt to add one thing to it be-
cause it covers the entire situation in a most complete and com-
prehensive way. As he has said — and indeed the key note of
his paper was, although I did not have the pleasure of reading
it before, — the kind of publicity should always be truthful pub-
licity and then to keep hammering at it persistently and insistently
so that the public is taught to appreciate the importance of the
subject and the full and frank manner in which you present
your side of the question. Those are things that we ought to
remember. Truthful publicity and keeping at it and keeping at
it. As was illustrated by Mr. Stone, people are more or less
creatures of habit and if a thing is not upon their minds unless
you keep telling them and telling them, they will forget it ; they
will not appreciate the importance of it at first; they will keep
thinking along old lines just like the patrons that he spoke of
who continued to go to the office of the company on Jones Street,
when, as a matter of fact, they knew, or ought to have known,
that for a number of years the office had been removed to Brown
Street, and the public had been duly advised of the change of
location at the time it was made.
Now publicity is important, — why? The right kind of
publicity is important, — why? Because it ramifies every de-
partment of the natural gas business. Take, for example, Mr.
Denning and myself and all the attorneys who have to do with
the natural gas business. We have to contend constantly against
the prejudice that results from ignorance, from lack of informa-
tion, from absence of honest publicity. That poisonous virus
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78 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
creeps in and affects every jury and even unconsciously aflfects
the court. It affects the witnesses, not only of the opposition
but often times our own witnesses. If the information is the
wrong kind and if it has not been corrected by honest publicity,
it presents obstacles that are difficult to surmount. Therefore,
it is highly essential even in our department of the natural gas
business to see to it that correct information is given to the
public. We must cultivate the brains of the people into a cor-
rect view of the true situation. When we have that kind of
truthful publicity that is not simply some gauzy sham or pre-
tense but is honest, is frank, and is complete and when we have
continued that campaign of honest publicity until the public is
fully informed, then our work will be much easier. That is the
only kind of publicity that pays. When you educate the brains
of a community by correct public sentiment it gets rid of
ignorance, it destroys prejudice, it brings enlightenment where
formerly there was darkness. Truthful publicity means a square
deal; honest publicity insures justice. You can rely on the
public, if they are fully and completely informed, in doing
the right thing. It is not only important — this matter of pub-
licity from the standpoint of the operating department, but it
is equally important, if not more important to the legal depart-
ment which deals more directly with the public in matters that
are controlled by public sentiment. If, on the other hand, you
have a credulous public controlled by ignorance, there is not a
single department, there is not a single feature connected with
the natural gas business that is not up against a good, big, stiff
proposition when we come before the public and ask for a
square deal. We all know what adverse public sentiment is.
However, I am glad to say that conditions have changed and
mightily changed in the last few years. The people have gotten
to understand that what we want and what we must have in
order to continue in this business is only a square deal and it
is just such papers as this, prepared and presented by Mr. Lans-
ley, that assist us immeasurably in bringing public opinion around
more equally to our point of view. Every line of it is replete
with valuable suggestions. It is the best prepared article I have
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 79
ever heard on this all-important topic. It is temperate. It is
not radical. It is convincing and above all it tells the truth.
In conclusion, the thing for us to do is to keep on hammer-
ing along this line of truthful publicity. I thank you (applause).
PREsroENT Guffey: We will be glad to hear from any
other member on this subject. The paper is before you for dis-
cussion. A full and frank discussion of the subject is invited.
Do not hesitate. I will call on Mr. I>enning, General Counsel
Ohio Fuel Supply Company.
Mr. L. B. Denning: If I may be permitted a word Mr.
Chairman and gentlemen ; I have not had an opportnuity to
fully digest Mr. Lansley's paper, but in hearing it read I want to
endorse practically every sentiment he has expressed. I want,
however, to make this suggestion. I think we lay too much stress
upon publicity and truthful publicity. To fully illustrate my
meaning by a concrete case that comes to my mind, just before
I left home I received a newspaper published in one of the
smaller towns in which one of the companies I am connected
with is doing business. A rate controversy is on down there and
in this newspaper was a statement like this, that this particular
company was buying gas in the field at six cents and asking the
consumer to pay thirty cents. Now it may be said that that was
truthful publicity, it was publicity, arid it was truthful pub-
licity, but it was not helpful. It was not intelligent ad-
vertising. To my mind, the function of a gas company is
primarily that of salesmanship. We are producing and selling
an article, — a commodity. We are rendering a service if you
will. At the bottom, is the fact that we have a commodity which
we produce and sell. I do not see any reason why the rules of
ordinary business should not be applied to the conduct of the
natural gas business in its relation to the public. If A and B
produce a new soap or a new type of machine, the first thing they
do is to study the market and they attempt to reach that portion
of the public in whose minds they want to create a desire to buy
that soap or that machine or that article. The gas company,
however, cannot reach its patrons through personal touch and
personal contact. Take the average town of five or six hundred
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80 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
consumers, it is an impossibility for anyone or any number of
the individuals engaged by the company in operating its business
to know them all Take the manager who sits in his swivel
chair at a desk and it is impossible for him to know personally
the patrons who are to buy the articles he offers to sell. He can,
however, reach them in an intelligent way through the public
prints. That, of course, is publicity. To my mind after all it
should be intelligent advertising. What we should bend our
efforts toward is the matter of intelligent advertising. Now we
all know or we should know what our costs are in doing business.
We all know — and some of us painfully so — the increase in
the price of everything we are compelled to buy. We also know
or should know if we know our business, and I assume we do,
that the service we are rendering to the patrons to whom we sell
this commodity is remarkably cheap when viewed from the
standpoint of the cost of its equivalent. The equivalent cannot
be purchased for less than three to four times what we are
charging for our commodity. To my mind I do not see any
reason on earth why we should not let the public have this im-
portant piece of information, and if necessary paid publicity
should be the means of informing the public of this fact. I do
not see any reason why we should not tell the public and tell them
properly the value of our product measured from the standpoint
of the cost of its equivalent. I see no reason why we should not
bring that to the attention of the public at once. After all, what
we want to do and the central idea of it all is to inform the
minds of our patrons of the value and worth of our service and
what it would cost them to get it in an equivalent service and to
bring to their attention the fact that we are doing everything to
render them good service in the production and sale of the com-
modity which we are handling. Therefore, I say I believe after
all what we really need is not publicity in the sense in which it is
sometimes used. You may say it is merely a juggle of words.
To my mind I do not think it is. There is a distinct difference in
the meaning of the two terms, intelligent advertising and pub-
licity. Intelligent advertising is a field which should be developed
and developed rapidly by the natural gas companies. The public
should be informed of the difficulties encountered in furnishing
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 81
this commodity in their homes and places of business and ready
to serve their demands. The comfort and convenience of that
commodity should be brought to the public attention by judicious
and intelligent advertising. The consumer should know what
we are doing and why we are doing it and how we are doing it
and who we are doing it for. Doing it first for ourselves and
secondly for the consumer but that both sustain and must neces-
sarily sustain a mutual relation; both must get benefit from it,
for no trade is a good trade unless both sides are benefitted.
(Applause).
President Guffev: Any further questions on this paper?
If not I am going to call on Mr. Holbrook, as President of the
Association of Natural Gas Supply Men, who has some announce-
ments to make. I will ask him to come forward so that every
member can hear.
Mr. David O. Holrrook: Gentlemen, as President of the
Supply Men's Association, I want to impress upon you, if pos-
sible, the absolute necessity of getting your tickets for the beef
steak dinner at the earliest possible moment. The unusually and
unexpectedly large attendance here will compel us to stop selling
tickets when the capacity of the hall is taken. Last year in Pitts-
burgh, many were disappointed because they could not get in.
We have, as noted on the program, arranged for your entertain-
ment on Wednesday evening in the room immediately above the
convention all — a beef steak dinner — and the entertainment will
be of such a character that those who miss it will be very, very
sorry. When we have disposed of the number of tickets repre-
senting the seating capacity of the banquet hall, it will be im-
possible to get any more whether you come around and say you
have lost yours or not. You cannot get them. So get your tickets
as early as you possibly can.
At two o'clock this afternoon, from immediately in front
of this hall, special cars will be run for a trip to Niagara Falls
and the Gorge Route. It is necessary that you have both the
ticket which came with your badge and your badge in order to
take advantage of this trip. We will return to Niagara Falls at
about 5 o'clock and on Prospect Point the annual picture will be
6
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82 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
taken. So that if you care to be in the picture you better go on
the trip.
On Tuesday night — tonight, the exhibit hall will be open
for the examination of exhibits by the members of the Associa-
tion and by the public. The Iroquois Natural Gas Company has
provided a band and a moving picture entertainment and have
invited the public to come down and look over our exhibits.
Coming back from Niagara Falls at 5 o'clock, arrangements have
been made with the Street Car Company so that you can return
on any of the regular cars leaving at your own pleasure and dis-
cretion. It is not necessary to come straight through but you can
spend an hour or two at the Falls if you care to.
Now as Resident Secretary of the Natural Gas Association,
I want to say a word or two in regard to the distribution of
papers. After tomorrow a complete set of the papers can be ob-
tained at the registration booth. The papers each day will be
provided for the session of the Association in which the papers
will be ready but if any of you care to have a complete set of
them, after those in attendance have been taken care of, if you
will call at the registration booth you can get them. I thank you.
I overlooked a bet. A luncheon will be served each day
in the exhibit hall. I think most of you discovered that fact
yesterday.
Presiding Guffey: Before calling on Mr. Adams for the
final paper at the morning session, I desire to make an announce-
ment. Tomorrow we have upon our program three papers. One
on the subject of Rates, by Mr. Leslie B. Denning, President,
Lone Star Gas Company, another on Mixed Artificial and
Natural Distribution in Cities, by Mr. A. B. Macbeth, General
Manager, Southern California Gas Company and the last paper
is on the subject "Efficiency in the operation of gas compressing
stations" by Mr. T. R. Weymouth, Chief Engineer United
Natural Gas Company.
It gives me great pleasure to say in addition to that we
are going to be honored tomorrow by the presence of Mr. A.
C. Bedford, President of the Hope Natural Gas Company, and
President of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, who
will speak to us on the subject of "Mobilizing Industry for War"
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 8:3
(great applause). Mr. Bedford, as some of you, although per-
haps not all of you, know, at the present time is Chairman of
the sub-committee of the Council on^ National Defense which
sub-committee has charge of all the oil, gas and petroleum mat-
ters connected with the preparedness move and I am sure he
will give us an address tomorrow that will be highly interesting
and very instructive.
Mr. J. M. Garard: Mr. President, I move you that i
vote of thanks be tendered to Mr. John W. Lansley for his very
valuable paper.
Mr. Henry S. Norris: I take great pleasure in seconding
the motion.
The above motion having been duly seconded was then
unanimously adopted.
President Guffey : Gentlemen, it gives me great pleasure
now to call upon Mr. Larmour Adams, Secretary of the Associa-
tion of Natural Gas Supply Men, who will read a paper on the
subject **Co-operation between Buyer and Seller of Natural Gas
Supplies" as prepared by the Board of Directors of that Asso-
ciation.
Mr. I^rmour Adams, Secretary of the Association of
Natural Gas Supply Men then read the following:
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CO-OPERATIOX UKTWEEX IJUYER AXl) SELLER OF
NATURAL (;AS SUPPLIES.
PREPARED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF
NATURAL GAS SUPPLY MEN, AND READ BY
LARMOUR ADAMS, SECRETARY.
At every meeting of the Directors of the Association of
Natural Gas Supply Men which has been held, suggestions
have been made which would lead to a closer relationship be-
tween the Natural Gas Association of America and the Supply
Men's Association. Heretofore, the activities of the Supply
Men's Association have been chiefly along lines of arranging for
the exhibits held in connection with the meetings of the parent
body.
The Supply Men feel that they can extend the scope of
tlieir usefulness to the parent association, and for this reason
it was deemed advisable that the Board of Directors collectively
prepare a paper for presentation at the Convention calling the
attention of the members of the Natural Gas Association to
(81)
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 86
some few ways in which co-operation would be mutually bene-
ficial.
I, as Secretary of the Association of the Natural Gas
Supply Men, have been selected to read this paper, which em-
bodies the views of the Directors of the Association which I
represent.
We as manufacturers always welcome criticism, and we
feel that the Gas Companies will also welcome criticism if it is
of a constructive nature. We supply men realize the danger of
making criticisms because we appreciate that some individuals
may feel that they are being personally criticised. This is the
furthest from our thoughts, as it is not the intention of the paper
to deal with individuals, either sellers or buyers, but rather, to
bring to the attention of those assembled some practices which
have grown up in the gas business which should, for the benefit
of both buyers and sellers, be discouraged if not eliminated.
You gentlemen while selling a commodity for which you are
being paid are really giving to the ultimate consumer more than
a commodity, in that you are furnishing a service, and any in-
terruption of service works more to your detriment than if you
were engaged in any other line of business. A grocer, a butcher,
a coal merchant, or a steel manufacturer can fall down on his
deliveries, and nothing will be said or thought of it. If, how-
ever, you fail to deliver gas to the consumer in the quantity
which he thinks he should have, you are hauled before a Public
Service Commission and made to explain. Interrupted service
means not only local complaints which are disturbing to the local
Manager, but very often a great expense must be incurred in
order to make repairs in the very shortest possible time. Very
often the necessity for these repairs could have been avoided if
proper material had been purchased for the original installation.
Too often, however, materials have been purchased on the basis
of price alone. These materials answered their purpose for a
time, but under heavy strain of increased pressure and unex-
pected demand, they have failed, and as a consequence the Gas
Company has been blamed for their failure to deliver gas at the
time when it was most needed.
Every gas man knows that it costs more in money to make
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86 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
a repair than it does to make the original installation, and it is
our purpose in presenting this paper to the members of this
Association to ask for their co-operation in the purchase of the
supplies best suited for the work required. No manufacturer
can continue to make first-class goods without a profit. Every
successful manufacturer knows his approximate cost. He is en-
titled to a legitimate profit. His experience and good judgment
lead him to believe that his device is superior to a lower priced
article, and his natural desire is to uphold his quality, which can
only be done by upholding his price. Constant loss in business
soon drives him to meet competition, and here is one place where
the old saying that "Competition is the life of trade" is a fallacy.
In too many instances, competition is the death of trade, for
competition in price without reference to quality is the surest
means of ultimate dissatisfaction on the part of the consumer.
The consideration of price rather than quality we fear exists
to a greater extent than is generally known. The efficiency of
a purchasing department is too often judged on the comparative
cost of material rather than the efficiency of the material bought.
In other words, if the purchasing agent can show that his dis-
counts are greater than those of his predecessor, he feels that
he is doing his work to a better advantage than his predecessor.
This is not always the case, and too often the field expense in-
curred through the use of the lower priced material eats up the
saving eflFected in the purchase many times, to say nothing of
the interruption in service and the loss of income.
In some instances there is not sufficient co-operation be-
tween the man buying natural gas supplies and the man using
them. This is a bold statement on the part of the supply men,
and a statement that will be criticised by many purchasing agents,
but collectively we feel that this statement is well worth the
serious consideration of the men here assembled. Is the pur-
chase of supplies on which the very life and continued prosperity
of your business depends in the hands of men who know why
they are buying certain materials? Do they know the duty re-
quired of the articles which they are purchasing?
Too many purchasing agents of gas companies are so
hampered with details and with the many perplexities of secur-
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 87
ing deliveries, that they are unable to devote the attention neces-
sary to proper consideration of the use to which the articles
purchased will be put. This is not the fault of the buyer, be-
cause every purchasing agent is ambitious to buy articles which
will give satisfaction, but in many instances the necessity for at-
tention to small details is such that they are kept constantly busy
and cannot go into the important matters with the thoroughness
and carefulness that they deserve. If the executives would in-
sist that the purchasing agent so arrange his work that he could
visit the warehouses and fields at stated intervals, it would, we
feel, work out to the advantage of both the buyer and the seller,
and have a tendency towards that co-operation which will lead
to the consideration of quality as well as price in the purchasing
of supplies.
Every manufacturer has in his employ men who know
thoroughly the articles which he is selling. The manufacturer's
very existence depends upon his ability to secure repeat orders.
This salesman is in touch with factory conditions, and often-
times better qualified than the ordinary buyer to know what is
best suited for the buyer's requirements. He will recommend
an article which he knows will give satisfaction and be met with
the remark, "No, your price is too high." The buyer does not
know why the price is too high and probably does not know why
the article suggested costs more than the one offered at a lower
price. This condition ought not to prevail to the extent which
it now does.
Quality with a reasonable price is a combination most to be
sought for, and the buyer who looks for price first, and makes
quality the second consideration is not rendering full and proper
service to the company from which he is drawing his salary.
If an analysis of cost be made which will show the expense of re-
placement in the field and this is submitted to the purchasing de-
partment, it would very soon educate many of the buyers whose
sole thought apparently is first cost.
The Natural Gas Companies are selling service, and the
more and oftener they call the attention of their customers to
this fact, the sooner they will be able to obtain a reasonable
price for their commodity. The manufacturer of supplies is
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88 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
also selling a service, and in direct proportion to his ability and
willingness to furnish this service, he is entitled to recompense.
It is not always the largest manufacturer who can best serve
the interest of the customer. The small manufacturer should
not be handicapped because of his lack of size, but should be
encouraged in every possible way, if his device is one of merit.
He should not be discouraged by being made to sell his product
at a price lower than that of the article now in use, if in the
judgment of capable men, he has a device worthy of considera-
tion. Too often the manufacturer is to blame for the price cut-
ting evil, and this is especially true of the small struggling man-
ufacturer who must make sales in order to meet payroll ex-
penses, and who, with a device of merit is forced to sell it at
factory cost, and then in order to meet his overhead expenses
cheapen his quality in order to continue in business. The small
manufacturer should be encouraged even to the extent of being
paid a somewhat higher price, if the device is one of merit, for
it is often only by the encouragement of manufacturers of this
class that devices are developed, which ultimately result in great
saving to the gas companies. If the manufacturer has spent
long hours in thought and much money in developing an article
which is superior to any other on the market, he is entitled to a
legitimate return and fair profit in the price of the article de-
veloped. In no other way can advancement be made. Co-
operation between maker and user will work to the ultimate ad-
vantage of both. If the user will explain exactly the services
required of the article desired, the manufacturer can often-
times, with a full knowledge of conditions under which the
article is to be used, develop devices which will work for economy
in operation. In this development work he will of necessity go
to an expense on which he is entitled to a fair return. As the
demand for this article increases, the price will, within certain
limits, decrease, but unless the manufacturer can obtain a fair
legitimate profit, it is not human to expect him to spend his time
and his money to attempt to bring out improved devices.
Supplies should be purchased on the same basis as other
important features which enter into the success of a gas com-
pany. No executive officer of a corporation could hold his posi-
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
tion if he would choose his assistants on the basis of price alone,
and yet many good superintendents have had their efficiency
lowered and their lives shortened because they are furnished
with inefficient and short lived supplies. A good workman re-
quires good tools. A field man wants and must have good ma-
terials and if he is constantly furnished with cheap junk, he will
soon lose interest in his work, and blame all his trouble, whether
properly or not, on the fact that he cannot keep up his lines be-
cause he is not being furnished with proper materials.
While we supply men are seeking co-operation with buyers
of our material, we feel that many times there should be greater
co-operation in the different departments of the gas companies.
Too often the manufacturer of a high grade and high priced
article, who has constantly lost business in the office of the gas
company, is discouraged when he asks for permission to visit the
man who is actually using the article which he has for sale. This
may be a necessary rule, but oftentimes the buyer is not fully
informed as to existing conditions, and it would undoubtedly
accrue to the benefit of the gas companies if the salesmen who
are specialists in their line were given an opportunity to take
up the question of the purchase with the actual user of his de-
vice.
While we as manufacturers suggest for your consideration
the granting of permission in some cases to our representatives
to call upon the actual users of our materials, there is another
phase of this subject which is even more important along the
lines of co-operation, and that is, having the men actually using
the article visit the plant in which these articles are made. If
the gas companies are encountering trouble along any line, the
manufacturer of the device giving the trouble, or the manu-
facturer of a similar device will be only too glad to welcome any
representative of the gas company at the factory. Here the
troubles of the operating man can be gone into with men trained
in the manufacture, and oftentimes great mutual good can be
accomplished. No manufacturer could possibly maintain an
organization which would enable him to send out his best
trained men to every place where trouble is occurring, or is apt
to occur. The loss of time from the shop would be one im-
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90 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
portant item, the matter of expense must be considered, and the
possibilities of not finding the proper man on the job would
oftentimes work to the disadvantage of both the manufacturer
and the customer. If the gas companies would send men to the
factory, the benefits derived not only in the clearing up of the
special problem involved at the time, but the general educational
value of such a visit would accrue to the benefit of the gas com-
panies. It would be well, of course, to arrange for such a visit
in advance so that no time would be wasted, and so that arrange-
ments could be made to enable the visiting gas man to receive
the attention which the manufacturer would be very glad to
accord to him. The definite benefits of such visits have been
demonstrated in many cases, and we trust that the gas companies
will appreciate the value of educating their men along these lines.
Some purchasing agents, realizing that quality does count
for something, insist upon seeing samples of the goods offered.
This is all right as far as it goes, but he sees too often only the
surface and finish of the article. The real worth can only be
determined by actual use. For this reason, if for no other, the
standing of the manufacturer as well as the appearance of the
product should be taken into account.
The low first cost sometimes turns out to be a very high
price when measured by results, or rather, by lack of results.
It was E. C. Simmons, the founder and head of one of the
greatest hardware firms in the United States who coined the
slogan "Remembrance of quality remains long after the price
is forgotten." This slogan undoubtedly should be indelibly im-
pressed upon the memory of every salesman, and is well worth
a prominent place on the wall of the office of every purchasing
agent. Why organizations striving for efficiency will purchase
goods on account of low price, leaving quality to faith or to
chance, is beyond comprehension. The argument may be, and
often is advanced, that it is good business to play one seller
against another to secure lower prices for a standard article, and
perhaps place an order with concerns carrying a limited stock,
or possibly no stock at all, at a price just a little below the mar-
ket. But is this good business? All concerns in business must
make a profit, or soon go into the hands of the sheriff. Grant
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 91
that a cut price seller does occasionally save you a little money
on standard or trade marked goods. He must make up his lost
profit either from you or from some one else, or else fail in busi-
ness. Materials cannot be sold at cut rate prices continuously
and to all buyers, and at the same time meet running expenses
and earn a profit on the business.
The value of the supplies purchased this year by natural
gas and allied interests will exceed $150,000,000. Stop for a
moment and consider that in the expenditure of this vast sum of
money co-operation is absolutely necessary if this money is to
be expended to the best possible advantage. The condition
which we hope will eventually prevail cannot be brought about
in a day or a year. It may be that it can never be brought about,
but we believe that the more consideration the gas companies
give to the important subject of the consideration of quality, the
better will be the condition of both the manufacturer of supplies
and the purchaser of them.
Much more could be said on this important subject, but we
do not wish to further impose upon your good nature or your
time. We are indebted to Berton Braley, with whose poems
many of you are no doubt familiar, for the way in which he has
covered this subject in the following:
When the prehistoric caveman lived and struggled, long ago,
He was strong for independence as he wandered to and fro,
If he had a neighbor handy he would tear him limb from limb,
And the thought of social meetings never much appealed to him;
Till one day a wiser caveman — sort of prophet, priest and scribe,
Pointed out the simple merits of assembling in a tribe,
"Let us work and fight as brothers, with our strength combined," he said
"For we've got to get together if we want to get ahead."
So the caveman took his counsel, which is ample reason why
They were done with being cavemen as the centuries went by,
For the tribe became a kingdom which in turn became a state.
As men learned to know the meaning of the word "Co-operate"
They co-operated badly — they don't do it well today —
But at least it proved much better than the caveman's clumsy way,
They were on the road to progress, and their leaders wisely said,
"You have got to get together if you want to get ahead."
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92 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Man is slow to learn his lesson, but we're learning bit by bit,
That the way to grow and flourish is to use our strength and wit.
Not to battle with each other, but to help each other on,
That the paths may seem the smoother which we have to trudge upon;
Though at times there is reversion to the days of fang and claw,
We are slowly — aye, but surely — coming to the higher law,
Then we'll cease to brawl and bicker and we'll work as one, instead,
For we've got to get together if we want to get ahead.
Those who work with brain or muscle, those who buy and those who sell
If you hope to thrive and prosper in the world wherein you dwell,
You must learn co-operation, you must cease to work alone.
Why, the caveman stopped that nonsense, just the minute he was "shown"
Join your forces, be united, for the word is truly said,
You have got to get together if you want to get ahead.
The reading of the above paper was followed by a hearty
round of applause, after which President Guffey said:
Gentlemen: I am sure we are all indebted to Mr. Adams
and to the Association of Natural Gas Supply Men for the pre-
paration of this very able and instructive paper. The discussion
of it is now before the meeting. If anyone wishes to offer any
suggestions in addition to the paper, or desires to discuss any
feature contained in the paper, we will be glad to hear them at
this time. If not, the meeting will stand adjourned until to-
morrow morning at ten o'clock.
And thereupon the Association adjourned until Wednesday,
May i6th, 1917, at 10 o'clock, A. M.
SECOND DAY — MORNING SESSION.
Wednesday, May 16, 1917.
President Guffey: Kindly be seated, gentlemen, so that
the convention can proceed with its business. The first paper
this morning will be "Efficiency in the Operation of Gas Com-
pressing Stations", by Mr. T. R. Weymouth, Chief Engineer,
Univd Nn^tiral Gas Company.
Mr. T. R. Weymouth then read the following paper::
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EFFICIENCY IX THE OPERATION OF GAS COM-
PRESSING STATIONS
By Thomas B. Weymouth.
In the early days of the natural gas business, when it became
necessary to install compressing stations because of the decline
in pressure of the producing field, the suddeness and magnitude
of this pressure drop, coupled with the limited knowledge of the
extent of the gas territory available, led to the general belief
that therefore all equipment should be installed in a temporary
fashion with the expenditure of as little money as possible. In
spite of this belief, however, which should have indicated the
necessity of installing apparatus permitting of the maximum of
economy in operation, an examination of some of the old time
gas pumping stations and their methods of operation reveals
a prodigality which, in the light of our modern notions of
efficiency and conservation of resources, seems wholly inexcus-
able. The simple, non-condensing slide valve engine was used
whereas the Corliss compound condensing engine was readily
(03)
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04 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
available, even if the gas engine was not at that early date
thought to be in the state^f development to ^yar^ant the con-
fidence now reposed in it.
But it is in the method of operation that prevailed in some
of the plants as installed ^where one can see an almost ludicrous
waste. In one particular case a very large gas engine was in-
stalled to drive two compressor cylinders designed to compress
two-stage in a single unit from atmospheric pressure to 300
pounds, the intermediate pressure to be about 60 pounds. It so
happened that the pressure in the gas lines coming into the
station from the field was about 125 pounds, and in order to
meet the conditions for which the compressing outfit was de-
signed, regulators were installed to reduce the field Hne pressure
from 125 pounds to atmosphere, from which it was compressed
to 60 pounds in the first stage of the machine and thence to
300 pounds in the second stage. This method of operation was
pursued until the young engineer of the plant, unknown to the
superintendent, connected a by-pass from the field lines into the
suction line of the second stage compressor cylinder, short cir-
cuiting the regulators and permitting the gas to be compressed
through a single stage from 125 pounds to 300 pounds, with a
resultant fuel consumption less than half of that used originally,
to say nothing of the saving in wear and tear on the machinery.
It is interesting to note that when, some time later, the superin-
tendent's secret agent duly reported the heresy of the engineer
the latter was threatened with the loss of his position and or-
dered immediately to restore the former condition of operation.
Today, this practice is almost unknown, except in certain
cases where it is necessary for short periods, to relieve the load
temporarily on a unit that may be acting badly for one reason or
another, but which cannot be shut down without crippling the
service.
As an indication of the loss or waste occasioned by this
practice, it may be noted that in throttling from 5 pounds gauge
to atmosphere it requires 27 horsepower more to compress every
million cubic feet of gas per day to 100 pounds gauge than it
would if smaller compressors were installed or additional clear-
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 95
ance were introduced into the existing compressor cylinders in
order to reduce their capacity sufficiently to permit them to com-
press from the original 5 pounds suction pressure. This corre-
sponds to an increase or useless consumption of fuel of 24 per
cent. Thus, if this operation were carried on continuously for
the whole year, the annual loss would be $473, based on 20 cent
gas, which if capitalized at 10 per cent, would justify the expen-
diture of $4730 for each million cubic feet capacity per day in
supplying new cylinders or additions to the old ones.
Present day compressing stations are far in advance of the
old-time stations in the matter of instruments provided for the
engineers to use in keeping their machinery properly tuned up.
In the early days the engine indicator was never used in many
stations, whereas today it is considered indispensable in plants
of any importance. Without this instrument the engineer can
merely guess at the setting of his valves and the timing of the
ignition of his engines, and with these matters not properly at-
tended to a considerable waste of fuel is not only possible but is
quite probable to occur.
Further than this, the station should be provided with proper
gas measuring instruments on both main and fuel lines, prefer-
ably of the rate reading type, such as orifice meters, which are
extremely simple in construction and readily permit of the
adaptation of their capacity to the requirements; by the installa-
tion of a plate of the proper size. With such a device any change
in condition is instantly reflected in the instrument readings and
unusual or undesirable occurrences are quickly discovered and
can be remedied at once. These meters also give a record of
total deliveries and fuel consumption for the day, which, in con-
junction with the suction and discharge pressure records and
speed readings of the pumps furnish a means of ascertaining the
power developed in the compressor cylinders and the fuel rate
per compressor horse-power-hour. The engineer thus is put in
possession of a full knowledge of the commercial efficiency of his
main units and is enabled to discover and remedy any drop in
efficiency.
A word may not be out of place here with regard to the
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96 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
method of rating compressor station operation. While to the
directors of the company the matter of chief interest is the fuel
consumed per unit of gas pumped and delivered, nevertheless
to the operating engineer this figure, in itself, is of very little
practical significance as it takes no account of the pressure range
through which the compression takes place. It merely gives the
total cost without furnishing any basis for comparison. The
reason for this is that the fuel rate is dependent upon the com-
pression range through which the gas is pumped, so that the only
logical basis upon which to state this rate is the ix)wer devel-
oped within the compressing cylinder, called compressor horse-
power-hours. This standard gives some degree of uniformity
in the results obtained from time to time from any given plant,
thus furnishing an index of its operating condition, and at the
same time it affords a means of comparison of different plants
of similar character.
Hand in hand with efficiency of operation is reliability of
service, for if a station is efficiently operated it bespeaks an at-
tention to details which necessarily also produces reliability.
One of these details is represented by the practice of installing
thermometers in the suction and discharge connections of the
compressure. By experience the engineers become familiar with
the temperatures that should prevail with specified pressure con-
ditions, and any sudden increase in either temperature above the
accustomed value indicates valve trouble which not only reduces
the efficiency of the machine, but will eventually necessitate a
shut-down, possibly at a time when it can least be permitted, with
the added possibility of causing serious harm to the machinery.
With the warning furnished by the thermometers, a suitable time
may be selected for shut-down and the injury to the compressor
prevented.
A prolific source of waste in compressor stations is fre-
quently found in the method, or lack of method, prevailing in the
oiling system. In one case familiar to the author, when a new
engineer was placed in charge of a pumping station he saved an
amount of money considerably in excess of his salary within
one month after he took charge, merely by giving proper atten-
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 97
tion to oiling methods. A thorough study of this question is
necessary in order to determine the right kind of oil to use as
well as its proper rate of feed. It is also advisable to install
some method for accounting for the oil consumed in order to
prevent the formation of wasteful habits of handling it. This
is properly a matter for the engineer of the plant to work out.
Mention has already been made of the desirability of pro-
viding indicators at compressing stations. In like manner it is
the part of economy as well as a provision for dependability of
service to see that engineers are supplied with plenty of good
tools, for no man can be expected to keep his machinery in
efficient and reliable operating condition without a sufficiency of
tools to work with. It is also an excellent policy for the com-
pany to subscribe to an engineering publication for the operators
of the plant, and to encourage all of the men to read it regularly
for they obtain many good ideas in this manner and develop an
interest in their plant and a degree of education that is always
reflected in an improved physical condition of the station. This
station can be further stimulated by offering a prize each year to
the plant showing the best results in cases where a company
operates more than one. The company with which the author is
connected has recently adopted practice of giving two prizes a
year — one in the spring for the plant showing the smallest per-
centage of time that the machinery was shut down while needed
during the preceding year's run, and the other in the fall, for the
plant showing the best physical condition as regards cleanliness
and order and general upkeep. The incentive thus given the
men for effective, conscientious work, and the appreciation of
their efforts thus evidenced, have resulted in very marked im-
provement in all of the company's stations.
The interest of the operating engineers in the tangible re-
sults of their efforts can be further increased by working out
operating cost records on a horse-power basis and acquainting
the men with the results each month, for it creates a friendly
rivalry among them and they naturally take a pride in showing
good records. By having the men work up a great part of the
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98 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
records themselves they soon acquire an accurate knowledge of
the meaning of the figures produced.
The discussion thus far has dealt with the effects of operating
details upon the efficiency of compressing stations. It is impos-
sible, however, to attain a high degree of efficiency of any plant
unless it is properly designed. In the first place it is well to
remember that the two heavy items of operating expense are fuel
and labor, the size of the plant determining which of these will
be the larger. It is desirable, therefore, that machinery be
installed that will use fuel in the most economical manner, and
that the plant be so designed as to require a minimum of oper-
ating labor consistent with proper upkeep and reliability of serv-
ice. For the elimination of every $i,ooo per year in labor cost
it is economy to spend $8,000 in investment, and by judicious
foresight many dollars can thus be saved. In one case in mind,
a plant that originally required 24 men to operate was re-
arranged, with the result that seven men later ran it with the
same number of engines in operation. This necessitated the
scrapping of two 1,000 horse-power engines but the results
amply repaid the cost. This of course is an unusual case but
well illustrates the principle involved.
The desirability of keeping the engines in proper adjustment
for the saving of fuel has already been discussed. There is a
minimum fuel rate, however, below which it is impossible to go
by any sort of care or adjustment, depending upon the type and
make of prime mover installed. Inasmuch as the fuel rate
usually amounts to from two to eight or ten percent of the gas
pumped it is well to give careful attention to this matter in de-
signing a plant. It is becoming of constantly increasing impor-
tance, not only from the standpoint of efficiency, but also because
of the rapidly decreasing ratio of supply to demand for natural
gas, with the consequent necessity for conserving the supply as
far as possible for the use of consumers rather than in the
process of transporting it to market.
Owing to the availability of gas for fuel in gas compressing
stations, the adoption of large gas engine driven compressors has
become quite general, with most satisfactory results, almost
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
entirely displacing steam except in localities where coal is readily
accessible at a cheap price. Where the use of a natural gas is
imperative for this work, every possible effort should be made
to so equip compressing stations as to save the maximum of gas.
One fruitful source of economy in this respect is to utilize
the heat in the gas engine exhaust gases for various purposes
about the plant. The extent of this waste heat may best be
illustrated by an example. In the case of a i,ooo h. p. unit oper-
ating at full load with an economy of 10,000 B. t. u. per horse-
power-hour, the heat carried away from the engine in the
exhaust gases will be about 2,500 B. t. u. per h. p. at a temper-
ature of about 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Of this heat, it is
possible to recover about 20 percent, or 500 B. t. u. per horse-
power,— SL total of 500,000 B. t. u. for the unit. This is equiv-
alent to almost 20 percent of the developed power of the engine,
or 200 h. p.
The heat thus recovered may be utilized in various ways.
It provides an excellent means of heating the station buildings
and has been used by the author for this purpose for several
years, thus eliminating the old heating boilers with their attendant
danger and waste of fuel. This has been accomplished in two
ways, the first of which was to carry the exhaust pipes through
a closed conduit, permitting the fresh cold air to pass over them
and thus become heated before entering the building. The sec-
ond method, and the one now altogether used, consists in passing
the exhaust gases through a specially designed hot water heater
placed close to the engine, the water thus heated being allowed
to circulate through direct radiators placed on the pump house
floor.
Steam can be generated in this manner and utilized in va-
rious ways about the plant, such as in driving auxiliaries, addi-
tional gas compressors, or in absorption gasoline plants. The
latter use is one of the most suitable, for the load variations of
the gasoline plant follow closely those of the compressing sta-
tion, thus producing a steady demand for the steam generated
irrespective of seasons. If this method is pursued, the engine
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100 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
jacket water can be utilized in the steam generator, thus recov-
ering a portion of the heat ordinarily lost at this point.
Another possible source of heat recovery lies in utilizing
the heat developed by the compression of the gas. This is es-
pecially applicable to small plants, as in the case of one built by
the author, wherein the hot compressed gas is made to pass
through a battery of two inch pipes in multiple, arranged
vertically around the walls of the building. A by-pass was pro-
vided by means of which in warm weather these pipes arc
shunted, and, instead of going through them, the gas passes
direct to a cooler before entering the main lines. This heating
arrangement must be designed with sufficient cross sectional
area in order not to introduce an excessive pressure drop, a
precaution the importance of which has already been discussed.
In steam operated plants, whether using gas or coal for fuel
there is abundant opportunity for increasing the efficiency by
the installation of heat saving devices. In one actual case, the
addition of a few coils of pipe in the uptake of a number of
return tubular boilers so that the feed water had to pass through
them to the boiler, resulted in an increase of 12 degrees in the
feed temperature and a fuel saving of one percent or 10,000
cu. ft of gas per day, amounting to $400 for the year. The
actual cost of the work did not exceed $200. The wisdom of the
investment is self-evident.
Attention has already been called to the waste of power
resulting from throttling the suction gas before entering the
compressors. The same remarks apply with equal force whether
this throttling effect is produced by cramping a gate, using a
regulator, or installing lines so small as to produce an equal pres-
sure drop. Consequently it is necessary to so design the piping
system that a proper balance will be struck between the cost of
increasing pipe size and the power saved thereby through reduc-
tion in pressure drop. The importance of this applies to dis-
charge lines as well as to suction lines, but not in the same
degree.
In compressor station design and operation reliability of
serviop jshould be the first consideration. For this reason ma-
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 101
chinery of ample power should be installed. Having done this,
the next thought should be efficiency, and if any of the hints
outlined in this paper help to secure it, the object in writing it
will have been realized.
DISCUSSION.
After the generous applause which followed the reading of
the above paper had subsided President Guffey said : "Gentlemen,
I am sure the members of the Association join me in thanking
Mr. Weymouth for his very instructive paper. The paper is now
before you for discussion. To those who participate in the dis-
cussion I am going to ask you to come forward and stand on this
small rostrum here so that whatever you may say can be easily
heard throughout the hall. I will ask Mr. Edward D. Leland,
superintendent of Compressing Stations, Philadelphia Gas Com-
pany, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, to start the discussion. We all
know his familiarity with the subject.
Mr. Edward D. Leland: Mr. President and gentlemen;
Mr. Weymouth, out of the fullness of his experience has offered
many suggestions of interest, not only to the power plant operat-
ing engineer, but also to gas engineers in general. In his account
of a large gas engine station where the field pressure was reduced
by regulators and then the station machinery made to compress
the gas up to higher pressures again, he makes it very clear that
installing engines of high thermal efficiency does not always result
in the efficient operation of a gas compressing station. The case
mentioned reminds me of a condition observed at a 2,000 H. P.
station in West Virginia where, because the engines were without
overload capacity, it was customary and necessary to throttle
down the intake gas pressures in order to keep the machinery
running. This reduced the delivery capacity of the compressors
and wasted fuel in the performance of useless work. It was just
another instance of high thermal efficiency but low station effi-
ciency.
As the main purpose in building and operating gas com-
pressing stations is to enable a company to get the gas to market,
the true measure of efficiency is the successful accomplishment of
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102 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
this purpose at a reasonable expense. Failure of a compressing
station to give this result is lack of efficiency, whether such failure
is due to poor machinery design, faulty compressor valves, boiler
tube failures, cracked power cylinders or pistons, ignition
troubles, hot bearings, failure of the lighting system or auxiliary
machinery, fires or gas explosions, or simply to carelessness or
incompetence on the part of the station crew.
I heartily agree with Mr. Weymouth in his idea that in the
design and operation of compressing stations, reliability should
be the first consideration. For as each day brings its own gas
demand, the gas must be supplied the day it is wanted or the sale
is lost. Therefore machinery that requires frequent shut down
for adjustments, renewals or repairs is not suited to the needs of
those companies whose gas is practically all handled by compres-
sing stations.
I note Mr. Weymouth's success in obtaining better service
from station employes by giving prizes for reliable running or
for excellence of plant condition, and also by working out operat-
ing cost records on a horse power basis, and he is certainly right
in his idea that increased efficiency in many operating details can
only be brought about by the hearty co-operation of the station
crew. But it is not always feasible to make actual comparisons
between various stations, either as to cost of horse power de-
veloped, the cost of gas pumped, or the excellence of the general
upkeep. For example, in the 22 stations operated by the com-
pany with which I am connected, there are installed condensing
steam engines, two and four cycle gas engines. There is quite a
difference in the sizes and number of units at the various plants
and also in the intake and delivery gas pressures, as well as in the
percentage of running time and in the load factors of the various
engines. Also at some places we use coal for fuel and at others,
gas. Therefore the different costs at the various stations per
horse power hour developed is not always a fair indication of the
comparative efficiency of operation. Our aim is to promote a
spirit of emulation rather than a spirit of rivalry among our
station engineers, and in order to do so we have encouraged the
engineers to visit around among the other stations of the corn-
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 103
pany.. Visits of this character have frequently been attended
with the most pleasing results.
Mr. Weymouth is right in mentioning fuel economy as one
of the features that deserve consideration, and it is very probable
that efficiency of combustion is more important than either the
mechanical or volumetric efficiency, often so eloquently empha-
sized by agents for compressing station machinery. The fact that
most gas companies produce their own fuel, gives to the station
fuel question many different angles.
Where the intake pressure is below atmosphere, if gas is
used for station fuel it must be taken from the amount delivered
by the compressors. In such a case, by substituting coal or oil,
there might be saved the difference between the cost of the pur-
chased fuel and the market price of the extra gas sold. Similar
considerations might apply to the fuel for compressing stations
used for relaying gas. On the other hand, where the intake pres-
sures are above atmosphere and the gas for station fuel is taken
from a common gas pool which is being drawn upon by com-
petitors, the purchase of coal or fuel oil might prove simply an
expense for which there would be no compensating return, be-
cause of inability to place on the market the extra gas not used.
If by efficiency in the operation of gas compressing stations
we mean the effectiveness of the plant in proportion to the money
spent, much would depend upon the amount of the original invest-
ment, and also the length of life of the station, as well as upon
the operating and repair costs. For, while fuel, oil, and labor
economies should receive due attention, the margin for saving in
them is not very large where high grade machinery is properly
installed and operated, and an expensive station which would be
run but a few years might involve depreciation costs largely out-
weighing all possible operating economies. So we should not
allow our interest in fuel economy to lead us into wasting either
money, labor or material, for the conservation of these factors
is as important as the conservation of any other resource.
I remember a station containing six i,ooo horse power en-
gines which cost over $450,000.00 to build and which was aban-
doned after about four years operation.
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104 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Much depends upon the size and duration of the field and
upon competitive conditions. I recall a station where several
simple, non-condensing, slide valve engines were installed, while,
in the same year, a competing company was erecting nearby a
large Corliss cross-compound condensing engine. The simple
engines were erected and in operation first and the field was
practically exhausted before the larger and heavier engine was
ready for service. In this instance the extreme plant depreciation
resulted in a considerable loss to the one company in spite of
their high class engine with its excellent thermal efficiency. On
the other hand I know a Corliss engine plant that has been pump-
ing gas almost continuously since 1904, has required very few re-
pairs, and is still pumping a field that may last, at least, ten
years longer. In this case the engine of higher thermal efficiency
was unquestionably the wiser installation.
Not only are conditions different in the various gas fields^
but each individual station also presents a problem of its own.
We must consider the probable extent and duration of the field,
prospective pressure conditions, possible overloads due to chang-
ing line conditions, the quality and condition of the gas, the pe-
culiar hazards in connection with handling natural gas, and the
various details that are inherent in gas compressing stations. All
of these are in addition to the questions to be dealt with in the
ordinary power plant.
It is quite evident that the design and construction of a gas
compressing plant is not a problem that should be left to a ma-
chinery agent or power plant engineer. But in order to obtain
real efficiency, which includes reasonable first cost, reliable ser-
vice and economical operation, we should be governed by the
advice and judgment of the practical natural gas engineer.
(Applause).
President Guffey: We have with us this morning, Mr.
John Glass, Chief Engineer, Carnegie Natural Gas Company,
Waynesburg, Pennsylvania. We would be very much pleased
to have Mr. Glass come forward if he will and give us the benefit
of his experience and to discuss this very important subject.
Mr. John Glass: Mr. President and Gentlemen: I have
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 105
been very much interested in the paper and discussion of efficient
operation of compressing stations, as for twenty years it has
been my lot to build and operate gas compressing stations, and
during all that time efficiency has been kept well in mind.
We built one 19 years ago, which is giving us excellent ser-
vice today. All this time the station has only been out of com-
mission 35 minutes, which caused a shortage of gas to the con-
sumer. This is reliability.
This plant consists of a cross compound condensing engine
with surface condensers. This plant has a fuel consumption of
20.5 cu. ft. of gas per horse power hour. It speaks pretty well
of a plant built 19 years ago.
A great many here today will remember that at the Kansas
City convention I referred to a series of tests of one of our
plants consisting of two cross compound condensing Corliss en-
gines using superheated steam with which a horse power was
developed on 13.36 cu. ft. of gas, and while this result was
pleasing our greatest object was to obtain reliable operation for
we have to supply the Steel Mills with gas where any unexpected
shut-down of the stations, and the consequent shut-down of a
mill or cooling of a furnace is to them a very serious matter.
It may also be of interest to the members of the Associa-
tion to know that during the six years of practically continuous
operation of this plant, our repair, maintenance and operating
costs have been so satisfactory to us that we have deemed it ad-
visable to install additional plants of this type. These additional
installations, however, were not made without first carefully
considering the cost of other types of stations.
In our last installation we have also arranged to use coal
instead of gas for fuel whenever such change would increase
the efficiency of our plant. In our various installations there
are many minor economies that have been worked out with the
cooperation of our station engineers, and while these may be
of interest to the station crew I do not feel that these items are
of enough importance to warrant taking up the time of this
Association in their discussion.
About offering a prize to the operating force — I have al-
ways been opposed to this method of getting results. If we
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106 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
have a man that will not give us his best service after being
educated to our requirements we look for another to take his
place.
We started to build a gas compressing plant a year ago,
which will be ready for operation in thirty days. We built to
use coal as fuel, installing stokers and other appliances, but be-
fore we had gone very far with the construction coal advanced
so in price, and you all know we have plenty of time to get the
price of gas up, so it means to bum cheap gas until the price
of coal drops. (Applause).
PREsroENT GuFFEY ! We wouM now like to hear from Mr.
Oiarles Craft, Chief Engineer, East Ohio Gas Company, West
Park, Ohio, if he is in the room. Is Mr. Craft present? (No
response) .
Is Mr. H. A. Quay, General Foreman, Manufacturers Light
& Heat Company present? Is so, we would like to hear from
him? (No response).
I will ask Mr. L. C. Frohrieb, Secretary Federal En-
gineering Company, Pittsburgh, to come forward and discuss this
subject. I see he is present.
Mr. L. C. Frohrieb : Mr. President and Gentlemen of the
Association : I do not think that the pioneers in gas compressing
should be criticized too severely by Mr. Weymouth for install-
ing simple slide valve engines at a time when it was customary
to waste gas on every hand in enormous quantities as by burning
flambeaus night and day, blowing wells continually in the air
to astonish people by their roar, even setting fire to them for
show purposes, selling gas on a contract basis p6r year at
ridiculously low prices, regulating city pressure by wasting the
surplus gas instead of shutting in the wells and numberless
similar wasteful practices. Under these circumstances they
should be commended for not wasting money as well as gas.
Later however, as early as 1896, the installation of cross-com-
pound condensing Corliss engines for compressors became good
practice.
Referring to Mr. Weymouth's idea that the chief interest
of gas company directors is the fuel cost per unit of gas pumped,
I find myself unable to believe that this is their attitude, as I
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 107
have known many directors whose chief interest was the exces-
sive repair cost of station machinery. Those directors who
have the interest of their company at heart are chiefly concerned
in the total cost of pumping gas and this includes interest and
depreciation on original investment, operating costs, repairs and
maintenance, loss due to shut-downs as well as fuel costs.
I do not entirely approve of Mr. Weymouth's arrangement
for utilizing the exhaust from his gas engine for heating pur-
poses, unless he has an emergency boiler and steam heating sys-
tem available, for in case of a breakdown or shut down the sta-
tion will become cold and danger of a freeze-up would exist
on account of the water in the jackets and piping in the station,
but the greatest danger would be while making repairs the
operators would be tempted to use a gas fire to keep themselv'
warm enough to work if no other method of heating were
available besides exhaust gases for heating. His proposed
method of heating the station with the hot compressed discharge
is so unsafe and at variance with good practice that it should
not be used; instead of piping it around inside the station it
should be piped outside as quickly as possible with a minimum
number of fittings and joints. I do not see why Mr. Weymouth
distinguishes between larger and smaller stations for this method
of station heating unless he feels that when the probable trouble
with It occurs he can spare the small station better than he could
a large one.
The idea, however, of utilizing the waste heat of the boiler
flue gases is an excellent one and is one of the many heat-saving
devices that have been adapted and that have been the means
of bringing the modem steam plant up to its present high
efficiency.
Mr. Leland's reference to station efficiency being affected
by faulty compressor valves reminds me of two stations which
were out of commission practically all the winter on account of
the failure of the compressor valves originally installed.
In designing gas compressing stations with the purpose of
obtaining and maintaining efficient operation it must be borne
in mind that the operating conditions are widely diflFerent from
those occurring in the ordinary power plant where the necessity
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108 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
of taking care of a peak load of short duration gives a reserve
unit available each day which affords regular opportunity for
a shut-down for adjustments and tuning up, while in the case
of a gas compressing station it may be absolutely necessary for
all the machinery to run steadily 24 hours a day for weeks and
months at a time. (Applause).
President Guffey: Wc would be very much pleased to
hear from any other gas engineer on the subject of "Efficiency
in the Operation of Gas Compressing Stations" which we now
have before us for discussion. The name of Mr. Ralph W.
Hay, Assistant General Superintendent, Manufacturers Light
and Heat Company, Pittsburgh, has been suggested. Is he
present? (No response).
Mr. T. R. Weymouth: Mr. President, I would like to
have the opportunity of making a few remarks.
President Guffey: Yes, Mr. Weymouth, we would be
very glad to hear from you now.
Mr. T. R. Weymouth : Mr. President and Gentlemen :
There were one or two points brought out that I would like to
say an additional word about. With reference to Mr. Leland's
statement that it is not always safe to compare the stations on
a horse power hour basis I did not mean to imply in the paper
that stations of different characters or even stations of different
sizes, of the same character, should always be compared with
each other. What I wish to bring out is the fact that these
figures furnish a more equitable basis of comparison of opera-
tion of one particular station from month to month, and in many
cases of comparison between stations of similar character and
similar size. In other words it is much safer and more equitable
to compare the operation of compressing stations on the horse
power hour basis than upon the basis of the cost per unit of
gas pumped.
I also wish to emphasize Mr. Leland's suggestion as to the
encouragement of visiting the different stations by engineers.
That is a matter which we have followed out for some years
but which I neglected to mention in the paper. However, it is
a most excellent idea and I coincide with what Mr. Leland has
said on this subject. Mr. Leland is also right in saying that
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 109
each individual station must be designed and operated on its
own feet, so to speak. That is, every individual case must be
treated by itself, as no general rules can be laid down for the
designing or even the operation of all compressing stations.
I am glad to have Mr. Glass's figures with reference to the
economies in the operation of steam stations for they reveal a
very excellent operating condition.
I would like to say with regard to the custom of offering
prizes that we have found that all the men who work for us are
very well pleased to receive proper recognition of the services and
that is the idea we have in mind in offering these prizes.
With reference to Mr. Frohrieb's criticism of the method
suggested in the paper for heating pumping stations I would say
in 1 8 stations operated by our company every one of them is
heated in this manner and have been heated for about six to
eight years in the same fashion without once having been stopped
by the troubles that he is anticipating. Undoubtedly he has in
mind the operation of a station having a single unit upon which he
imagines we depend for the heating, and in such cases it is pos-
sible to conceive of a condition where you would be without heat.
In that case a small auxiliary boiler can be put in and as a matter
of fact in one station we have been operating in this manner but
we have never had to use the auxiliary boiler. Reliability and
efficiency are the watchwords and the results we are striving for
and there are many ways that this can be accomplished. I simply
tried to outline the methods we have found most effective and
most successful in our operations. I thank you. (Applause).
President Guffey: We would be very much pleased to
hear from any other member of the Association who desires to
add to this very interesting and valuable discussion we have had
so far. Is there any further discussion of this subject of "Effi-
ciency in the Operation of Gas Compressing Stations"? If not,
wc will pass on to the next paper which is entitled "Mixed Arti-
ficial and Natural Distribution in Cities" by Mr. A. B. Macbeth,
General Manager, Southern California Gas Company. Mr. Mac-
beth was unable to be present but Mr. Shafer, General Superin-
tendent, Southern California Gas Company, Los Angeles, Cali-
fornia, is here and will read the paper for him.
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110 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Will you kindly come forward, Mr. Shafer?
Mr. Shafer: Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Con-
vention, I hope you will be generous enough to excuse me in ap-
pearing before you in my overcoat. Yesterday afternoon I saw
the ice floes at Niagara and my teeth have been chattering ever
since.
Mr. Shafer then read for Mr. Macbeth the following paper :
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MIXED ARTIFICIAL AXD NATURAL I)ISTRIP»UTIOX
L\ CITIES.
Bv Alkxander B. Macbeth.
The problems arising out of the introduction of natural gas
into Los Angeles and vicinity are so different from those in
eastern cities, that it is necessary that I first explain what the
gas situation is in our city of sunshine.
The city of Los Angeles has a population of 556,000, and is
surrounded by many smaller municipalities having a combined
population of 194,000.
The Midway Gas Company, which is a production and pipe-
line company, delivers natural gas to Los Angeles through two
lines, one twelve-inch line entering the city from the north, from
Taft in Kern county, California, is iii miles long, with a deliv-
ery capacity of about 20,000,000 cubic feet per day; and one
eight-inch line, coming into the city from the south, sui)plies gas
from the so-called Whittier-Fullerton field, twenty miles south-
(111)
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112 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
east of Los Angeles, and has a capacity of 10,000,000 cubic feet
per day.
All gas delivered by the Midway Gas Company is delivered
to the Los Angeles Gas & Electric Corporation having 135,000
consumers, and the Southern California Gas Company which has
28,000 consumers of its own and supplies other companies
having 27,000 consumers. The Los Angeles Gas & Electric cor-
poration distributes a mixed gas containing 50% natural gas.
The Southern California Gas Company which is under the same
management as the Midway Gas Company (the natural gas com-
pany) supplies all of its consumers in the city of Los Angeles
with a mixture containing 50% natural gas, and to the remainder
of its consumers some straight natural and some mixed gas, and
in like manner, distributes to some of the companies it supplies
straight natural gas, and to others a mixture of artificial and
natural gas in proportions of fifty percent and these companies
in turn distribute to their customers the gas supplied by the
Southern California Gas Co.
The maximum combined daily sendout of gas of all charac-
ters to supply these 190,000 consumers, in the winter of 1916-17
was 36,535,000.
The climate of Los Angeles is very diflferent from that of
almost any other city in the United States. The temperature
seldom drops below forty degrees. The days are warm in the
winter time and the nights are cool in the summer and the
amount of fuel required for domestic use for heating purposes
is very small.
\>ry little gas is used for illuminating jnirposes, electricity
supj)lied from hydro-electric plants being sold at very low rates,
and gas for lighting has never been pushed. Gas is universally
used for cooking and heating water in residences, but in hotels,
apartments and large buildings, distillate, purchased at a very
low price, is used to a large extent. While the amount of gas
used in furnaces has increased somewhat since the introduction
of high heat unit gas, a large amount of domestic heating is still
done with distillate, coal, wood, carbon briquets which are the
competing fuels.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 113
The natural gas supplied by the Midway Gas Company is
for the most part of two kinds. Below please note chemical
analysis, gravity, and heat values, first of the natural gas from
the Kern County Fields and then of that from the Whittier-
Fullerton Fields:
Kern County Fields Gas IVhitticr-Fullerton Fields Gas
CO= 5.0% CO= 0%
111 0.4 O 0.4
O 0 CH4 84.0
CO 0 GHo 15.6
GHr. 14.9 Spec. Gr. .678 1208 BTU's
CH* 79.0
N 0.7
Spec. Gr. .72 1120 BTU's
Also note below the analysis of the artificial gas formerly
distributed in Los Angeles before the introduction of natural
gas, being an oil gas made by the single cylinder process.
C0= 0.5
111 4.1
O 0.2
CO 8.1
H.. 46.4
CH 37.6
N 3.1
Spec. Gr. .549 074 BTU's
also an analysis of the artificial gas which at the present time is
being mixed with the natural gas being distributed :
C0= 4.6
111 ....' 6
O .7
CO 13.6
H, 53.2
CH 26.1
N 1.6
Spec. Gr. .44 535 BTU's
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114 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Natural gas was first introduced and a mixed gas furnished
to domestic consumers in Los Angeles in the latter part of 191 3.
At that time, varying mixtures were furnished to consumers, but
for the most part this mixture varied from 15% to 45% of
natural gas.
In the early part of 19 14, straight artificial gas was again
furnished and continued until the first of August, 1914, at which
time the companies commenced to distribute a mixture consisting
of 50% natural and 50% artificial gas, which has practically
been maintained since that time. This change from artificial gas
to gases containing varying amounts of natural gas, up to ^0%
was done without any inconvenience or complaint from con-
sumers whatever.
On account of the limited amount of natural gas to be
obtained it has been deemed best to continue the fifty-fifty mix-
ture up to this time and to sell the surplus gas for industrial
purposes. This may be changed by the State Railroad Com-
mission which now has the matter under advisement.
It is most interesting to study the eflfect on the consumption
of gas caused by the increase in heat units in the gas being dis-
tributed and for this purpose I draw to your attention Table f
and Chart **A". This table and chart show that the increase
in BTU content of the gas has resulted in a decrease in volume
or consumption almost in proportion to the increase in the heat-
ing value of the gas: that in the beginning the demand of the
average consumer expressed in heat units, was practically con-
stant and that when gas of high heating value is supplied less
will be required than when the consumer is furnished with gas
of low heating value; that since the introduction of natural gas
mixed with the manufactured gas, the WTU consumption has
increased slightly, due to the fact that the gas has been put to
some new uses.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
115
TABLE 1.
Consumption Per Active Meter Per Year.
Cubic
Years, Feet. B. T. U.
1912 35,022 21,844,000
1913 32,466 21,995,000
1914 .' . 31,068 22,867,000
1915 30,959 25,092,000
For Months of June, 1914 and June, 1915 in Cubic Feet and B. T. U's.
1914. 1915.
June cu. ft 2795 2183
June B. T. U 1,740,285 1,773,000
1 iC
-K — ' —
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Comparing the year 191 5 with the year 1912 there has been
a reduction in the rate of 15% and an increase in the BTU
content of the gas of 30% resulting in each consumer receiving
53% more heat per dollar in 191 5 than he received in 19 12.
This decrease in rate has been accomplished by an increase in
BTU consumption of only 15%. The table also shows the con-
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116
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
sumption in cubic feet and BTU's for the month of June, 1914,
compared with the month of June, 191 5. During 1914 we were
distributing unmixed artificial gas and in 191 5 we were distrib-
uting a mixture of 50% natural and 50% artificial. The
resuhs are very striking.
As a further comparison of the effect of the increase in
these heat units, I call your attention to Table 2 Chart **B"
showing the monthly consumption per meter in cubic feet and
in BTU's for the years 1912 and 1915. This table and chart also
show that the consumption in the month of September which is
usually the month of the lowest consumption is in the year 191 5
about 46% of the consumption in the month of January, whereas
in eastern cities in the month of August which is the month of
low consumption it is only 17% of the January consumption.
TABLE 2.
Comparative Consumption Per Active Meter in Cubic Fket and
British Thermal Units — Years 1912 and 1915.
City of Los Angeles.
Month.
1012.
January
February j
March
April
May
June
July I
August I
September
October |
November
December |
Total 1
:Uns ■
M278 j
'J811 I
2.V22
22").'^ I
240() I
2880
2:)78 '
28 i2 '
'XMvl !
1012.
2,4()8.000 I
2.10.'). 000 ,
1,078.000 I
1,778,000 i
1,:m4,O0o
1.408,000 I
1,477.000 I
l,48."i.OOO '
i.()H2,ooo I
1,880.000
2.081.000 '
1.004.0<M) '
191."
03
su
3847
3120
303()
2.501
2(549
2183
2001
1820
1781
1008
2.512
3100
191.1
3. 175,000
2,738.000
2.4.53,000
2,073,000
2.151,000
1,773,000
1.650.000
1.479,000
1,454,000
1,004.000
2,030.000
2,. 512. 000
3.5022
21.844,000 I
.300.50
2.5,092 000
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
117
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The rates charged in the city of Los Angeles have been as
follows :
Just previous to July, 1911 80 cents
July, 1911, to July, 1912 75 cents
July, 1912, to July, 1913 70 cents
July, 1913, to date ^ cents
The reason for comparing 19 12 to 191 5 is that 191 2 was the
last full year that straight artificial gas was supplied, and 19 15
was the first full year that the mixture of 50% natural and 50%
artificial gas was served.
I now call your attention to Table 3 and Chart "C" which
show the consumption per active meter in a middle western city
and in Los Angeles, together with the monthly mean atmospheric
temperature for these two cities. The monthly mean minimum
temperature means, of course the average of the minimum tem-
perature each day.
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118
NATURAL GAS ASSOC! ATI OX OF AMERICA.
TABLE 3.
Comparative Monthly Mean Minimum Atmospheric Temperatures
AND Gas Consumption Per Active Meter — Middle Western
City and City of Los Angeles.
Consumption Per
Month Per
Active Meter.
Monthly Mean Mini-
mum Atmospheric
Temperatures.
January . .
February
March . . .
April
May
June
July
August . .
September
October . .
November
December
16,000
15.600
14,000
11.000
6,000
5,000
3,000
3,000
4.000
6,000
13,000
14,000
110.000
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T^VELFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
119
OMmtMTTIC MONTHLV CONSUMPTION
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This chart, I think, shows graphically how the gas require-
ments in Los Angeles vary from those found in eastern cities.
Now, as to the effect on the consumer of changing the
quality of gas which he received from time to time in order to
piece out the natural gas supply with artificial gas.
From time to time, since natural gas first came to Los
Angeles we have been compelled in certain districts in order to
maintain pressure during an emergency to turn into a district
ordinarily supplied with a mixture of 50% natural and 50%
artificial gas, an tmmixed natural gas. The result of this during
the winter of 1915-16 was not attended by any serious complaint
from consumers. At that time our natural gas had a heating
value of 1,120 BTU's and was gas received from Kern County
Fields, an analysis of which is shown above.
During the years 1916-1917, however, the Southern Cali-
fornia Gas Company obtained almost its entire supply of nat-
ural gas from the Whittier-Fullerton Field which gas had a
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120 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
heating value of 1,200 Bl U s at that tune, and when we at-
tempted to turn this natural gas in to maintain the supply in a
district formerly supplied with mixed gas, we did have consid-
erable complaint. When this was done, it meant that a consid-
erable part of the district for several hours of the day was
supplied with natural gas of about 1,200 BTU's and the remain-
ing part of the day was supplied with mixed gas varying from
800 BTU's up, and the quality of gas was changed while the
consumer was in the process of cooking meals. The nature of
those complaints seems to have been when natural gas was on
the district, of smoke and lamp black on the cooking utensils.
When mixed gas was turned on the district, quite often the con-
sumer complained of poor pressure, when as a matter of fact,
the pressure was the same and the real cause was the reduction
in the heating value.
During the year 1914, unmixed manufactured gas was sub-
stituted from time to time in some districts where straight
natural gas had previously been served, and in other districts
where a mixed gas had been served. It was found, that where
pressures were maintained and the heat value of the manufac-
tured gas was not allowed to go below 625 BTU's comparatively
few complaints were received from the consumers, in spite of
the fact that in some districts nothing but natural gas had pre-
viously been served.
We have found that where a stove is adjusted for mixed
gas of 8co BTU's, and artificial gas of less than 550 BTU's
is supplied that the stove will flash back and light in the mixers.
In order to determine the effect on consumers' appliances of
different mixtures of artificial and natural gas we conducted a
set of experiments, a brief description of which follows:
It was first necessary for us to be able to uniformly mix
with our natural gas varying proportions of artificial gas, and to
be able to maintain these mixtures during the experiments. For
this purpose, we designed a mixing chamber consisting of a 12-
inch pipe with baffler plate throughout its length. This is shown
in drawing following, marked "Fig. i." "Fig. 2" shows how
this mixer was connected up with the natural and artificial gas
lines, gauges, gas appliances, etc.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
121
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122
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
The natural gas being passed into this mixture was received
direct from the high pressure natural gas mains, and the arti-
ficial gas was compressed up to a pressure of about 35 pounds
and the two gases after passing through the mixer were turned
into the city mains.
The amount of gas being passed through the mixer was
approximately 25,000 cu. ft. per hour. This mixer was also
tested out passing 18,000 up to 30,000 cu. ft. per hour, and on
pressures varying from 5 pounds to 40 pounds, and it seemed
to mix the gas perfectly.
The meters used to measure the artificial and natural gas
in the mixture were of the orifice type, which we use almost
entirely for measuring high pressure gas throughout our system,
and which we find to be most satisfactory.
In order to prove the effectiveness of our apparatus as
designed for mixing natural and artificial gas, the heat units of
the two gases being mixed were first determined, and then sev-
eral tests were run on the gas after it was mixed in different
proportions, and in each case the heat units obtained from the
mixed gas corresponded to the heat units of its component parts.
This is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4.
o
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U
H
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1
5().3
2
51. ()
3
79.2
4
67.5
5
59.8
6
45.4
c
U
43.7
48.4
20.8
32.5
40.2
54.0
B. T. U.
E
o
U
788
823
592
669
767
874
u
810
826
597
678
808
899
a
E
o
U .
o .
' S. p. Gravity.
1
2.8 less
0.3 less
0.8 less
1.3 less
5.3 less
2.8 less
cu
E
o
U
.542
.575
.540
.567
E
VM
O
O
W
.03 of 1 hi.
1.3 higher.
All tests were made with Hinman- Junkers calori-meters and
the heat units reported are the gross heat units. Fig. 3 is a
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 123
photograph showing the mixer, pipe systems, gauges, appliances,
etc., used in the experiment and Fig. 4 is a side view showing in
more detail the appliances used, including the arc lamps.
The top burners of all the ranges used and two of the oven
burners are shown in Fig. 5. Each top burner had an adjust-
able air shutter and an adjustable gas orifice. The oven burners
• of these ranges were made of cast iron with drilled holes. They
differed only in the arrangement and in the location of the holes.
The oven burner for No. i range extended from side to side
under the center of the oven. A row of holes was drilled along
each side at an angle of 45 degrees upward ; this is the upper
oven burner in the illustration.
On range No. 2 the oven burner extended from front to rear
along the centre of the oven : it had a row of holes on each side
at an angle of 45 degrees upward.
No. 3 had a burner along each side under the oven extending
from front to rear. Each burner had one row of holes drilled
so that the flame would be thrown toward the centre at an angle
of about 45 degrees upward.
No. 4 had an oven burner in the form of two cast iron pipes
one behind the other. Both had a row of holes drilled on each
side so that the flame pointed 45 degrees downward.
Burners No. 5 and 6 were for the same range, the oven
burners for this range were in the form of two cast iron pipes,
one behind the other, each with two rows of holes pointed 45
degrees upward.
The burners for the water heaters are shown in Fig. 6. No.
I had an adjustable mixer but no adjustable gas orifice. The
others had both an adjustable air mixer and an adjustable gas
orifice.
The Armour furnace burner which is of local design has an
adjustable air shutter. It also has a very large mixing chamber.
The burner of the other furnace shown in picture is a ring about
18 inches in diameter made of Yi" pipe; the holes are drilled on
the inside. It has an adjustable air shutter but no adjustable
gas orifice, and is a very cheap affair.
The Hawks radiator has an adjustable air shutter and an
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124 NATl'RAL CAS ASSOCIATIOX Oh' AM URIC. I.
I'm;. III.— Mixer and Pipe System.
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TIVEU'TH ANNUAL MEETING, 125
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12(i SATl'RAL CAS ASSOC! ATIOX OP AMERICA.
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TWELFTH ASSUAL MEETING. 127
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128 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
adjustable gas orifice. The burner is a cast iron pipe with holes
drilled in the upper side. The Detroit Jewel Heater has a double
bumer made of cast iron, with holes drilled in the upper side.
Balls of fire clay about 3" in diameter are laid above the l)urners.
These act as bafflers and also retain the heat as well as aid
combustion.
The lights used were three mantle Humphrey and a four-
mantle Welsbach, both indoor arcs.
The tests on the above mentioned appliances were run for
three different conditions as follows :
first: The burners of all appliances were adjusted for a
mixture of
Artificial gas 50%
Natural gas 50%
The gas used was artificial of 674 IH'U's and natural of
1,208 RTU's. The mixture was gradually changed by adding
more of either gas. The object was to find how much the mix-
ture could be changed before it was noted in the combustion.
An observer was stationed to watch each burner and reix)rt
the first change of fljune. These observers were reliable men
representing three gas companies. As artificial gas was added,
the first change in flame was noted at 70'/ artificial gas and 30%
natural. This was for top burners No. 2 and No. 3. These, we
might state, are not sold by gas ai)pliance companies but are sold
by furniture companies when they furnish a house complete for
$98.00. These Inirners are pressed sheet iron and have not suffi-
cient o])en space on the inside.
When a mixture of 80% artificial and 20[/( natural was
reached, all observers had noted a change in flame.
When the natural gas was increased, the first change was
noted at about 68% natural and 32% artificial. In other words,
it takes a change of from 18% to 30'/ eitlier way in the mixture
before it can be noticed in combustion rather than a larger or
smaller flame. The effect of a change in mixture will l)e taken
up in other tests.
Second: The burners on all appliances were adjusted for a
50% artificial and 50% natural gas nn'xture. The gas was then
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
changed to a mixture of 0-10-20-30-75-90100% artificial and the
eflFect of these changes of mixture was noted on the combustion
of the different burners. The gas used was artificial 674 BTU's.
Under this condition good combustion was obtained from all
burners except the cheap one, which had a slightly yellow flame,
and No. i water heater which had an orifice for artificial gas
that was a little too large for this mixture.
The mixture was then changed to
Artificial 75%
Natural 26%
All burners burned with good but slightly reduced flame.
The ring furnace burner mentioned above had a better flame
than at the start. It is doubtless better flame than at the start.
It is doubtless better for artificial gas. The No. i water heater
also has a better but smaller flame than before.
The mixture was then changed to
Artificial 90%
Natural 10%
The above conditions applied but slightly more emphatic.
The next test was
Artificial 100%
Natural 0%
The burners were all burning with reduced flames. There was
no tendency whatever to backfire. The flames were blue.
The mixture was then changed to
Artificial 26%
Natural 76%
In this practically all burners showed a higher flame than origin-
ally for the fifty-fifty mixture. However, it was a good active
flame with considerable yellow and only a slight tendency to
float.
The next was
Artificial 0%
Natural 100%
9
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130 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
The flame was much higher, more yellow and had more ten-
dency to float but no difficulty was experienced. By closing the
valve, thus reducing the flame, one might say that all burned
with a fairly good flame.
The lights used were both for artificial gas and could not
be adjusted for natural. They burned well with artificial gas,
the mantles were good and white, but with natural gas the man-
tles were good and white at the bottom only. These tests were
carried on in an engine room and the vibration bothered the
lights considerably.
Third: The burners on all appliances were adjusted for
natural gas and the object was to note the effect on combustion
as various percentages of artificial gas were added, and also
to note the effect of a quick change to artificial gas of about 675
BTU's, also for 600 BTU's and for 540 BTU's. The natural
gas was the above mentioned 1208 BTU gas.
With very few exceptions, the burners on all appliances
were burning a good blue flame. These exceptions were the ring
furnace burner and No. i water heater mentioned above, and
top range burners Nos. 2 and 3. On these exceptions, the gas
orifice could not be made sufficiently small for natural gas of this
quality. While the combustion was good, it could have been
improved upon, and did improve as artificial gas was added.
The artificial gas used for the next two tests had 513 BTU's.
With the burners all adjusted for natural gas as above, the mix-
ture was then changed to
Artificial 11%
Natural 89%
This gave a gas of 1131 BTU's. The change in combustion
was so slight that it could be detected only by very close observa-
tion. In general, the flame was slightly reduced.
The mixture was then changed to
Artificial 18%
Natural 82%
This gave a gas of 1082 BTU's. The flames were slightly de-
creased with less yellow, but all were burning well. The artificial
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 131
gas burners were burning slightly better and showed considera-
ble improvement as more artificial gas was added.
The artificial gas was then changed to 674 BTU's, and the
mixture was
Artificial 30%
Natural 70%
This gave a gas of 1048 BTU's. The flames all burned well but
reduced to a greater degree.
The next test was
Artificial 52%
Natural 48%
This gave a gas of 929 BTU's. The result of this on the various
appliances was in the same direction as the preceding, but more
pronounced.
The next was
Artificial 75%
Natural 25%
This gave a gas of 722 BTU's, with similar results to the above.
The flames all burned slightly lower.
The n^xt was
Artificial 100%
Natural 0%
The burners were all burning 674 BTU's artificial gas. The
stoves were all burning low, but otherwise good, and showed no
tendency to backfire.
The next test was for
Natural gas 1200
Artificial gas 608
The aim was to see if burners set for natural gas of 1200 BTU's
would backfire on 600 BTU gas. The burners were all set for
straight natural gas and a quick change was made to artificial
gas, but there was no backfire. The burners were then turned
off and all would light without difficulty. When this same test
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132 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
was made with 540 BTU's gas, there was a tendency in many
of the burners to backfire, especially burners marked No. 2 and
No. 3 in Fig. V, and many of the oven burners backfired with
the mixture.
When we first began the introduction of natural gas, it was
noticed that the admixture of natural gas with artificial materially
increased the illuminating effect of the ordinary open flame
burner, and in order to determine definitely what various propor-
tions of natural gas would do to the illuminating power of the
mixed gas when used in open flame burners, tests as per Table
5 were very carefully made in the following manner:
A five-foot Maryland meter prover was equipped with a
double set of tin paddles revolving in opposite directions, some-
what in imitation of an egg-beater, for the purpose of thoroughly
mixing the two gases. The required quantity of natural gas
was accurately measured in the prover and the necessary amount
of artificial gas was added to it.
To check all of the tests shown in the Table, the method
of procedure was reversed, — that is, the artificial gas was first
measured in the prover, and the natural gas followed. Heat
units and candle power were taken for each variation of percent-
age of natural gas, and the BTU as well as the candle power is
an average of the ten readings.
The candle power of the artificial gas at the time of these
tests was 18.5 and that of the natural gas was 8.4 candles. It
will be noticed that a general increase in illuminating power took
place with the mixture of 5% natural up to the point when 35%
natural was reached ; thereafter a drop took place down to 70%
natural. From 70% to 95% no tests for BTU were taken and
the candle power determination was made rather difficult by rea-
son of the streakiness and flickerings of the flame.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
133
TABLE 5.
Effect of Mixxd Gases on Candle Power and Heat Units.
O.ctf
cS
4-» U
8 A
<M St
? o
B. T. ITs.
8r
0-4
0^
0-4
i^
100
18.5
620
• ■ •
ioo
8.4
1055
95
5
ioo
19.1
631
90
10
100
19.7
658
85
15
100
20.2
685
80
20
100
21.0
701
75
25
100
21.1
724
70
30
100
21.2
753
65
35
100
21.5
768
60
40
100 .
21.0
791
55
45
100
20.0
809
50
50
100
19.3
839
45
55
100
18.2
861
40
60 .
100
17.7
878
35
65
100
17.3
904
30
70
100
16.4
917
25
75
100
15.3
'
20
80
100
...
15
85
100
14.1 '
10
90
100
- No test for B. T. U's.
5
95
100
1316
11.2
...
...
...
9.1
-
Note: I wish to state that I have been greatly assisted in
preparing this paper by Mr. F. J. Schafer and Mr. B. G. Wil-
liams^ who are responsible for most of the work done in con-
nection with it.
DISCUSSION.
President Guffey: On behalf of the Association I de-
sire to thank Mr. Shafer for so kindly reading Mr. Macbeth's
most valuable and interesting production to our gas literature.
I am sure the Association and all the members present as well
as those who are going to have the pleasure of reading and
profiting by the paper will join me in extending to Mr. Macbeth
a vote of thanks for the able paper, presented to us through
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134 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Mr. Shafer. I would be very glad to entertain a motion to that
effect now.
Mr. W. Y. Cartwright: Mr. President, I move a hearty
vote of thanks be extended to Mr. A. B. Macbeth for preparing
and to Mr. F. Shafer for reading the very valuable and interest-
ing production to which we have just listened.
Mr. Martin B. Daly : I take great pleasure in seconding
the above motion.
The above motion having been seconded, was unanimously
adopted.
President Guffey: In the discussion of this paper this
morning I am going to call on one of the youngest members of
our Association who has only joined within the last month and
who for the past four or five months has been giving considerable
attention to this matter, having made a study of the situation
for two of the natural gas companies in Western Pennsylvania.
I want to introduce to you Mr. Warren S. Blauvelt, Consulting
Engineer, Detroit, Michigan.
Mr. Warren S. Blauvelt : Mr. President and Gentlemen :
This paper is one which seems to me cannot fail to interest every
man who is engaged in the gas business, whether artificial or
natural. Men engaged in the artificial gas business in many
localities are very much interested in the possibility of having to
solve the same problems which Mr. Macbeth has solved so
satisfactorily at Los Angeles, and everyone engaged in the gas
business is interested in the solution of a similar problem but
from another angle. We all recognize that ultimately the natural
gas supply will fail and that there will probably be a necessity
for mixing artificial gas with natural gas extending over a period
of a good many years until finally practically all the city services
will have the artificial gas.
Mr. Macbeth tells of his results under conditions which
were in many respects distinctly favorable. There are several
district angles from which the problem can be considered. There
is the technical problem ; there is the commercial problem ; there
is the psychological and connected with that is the political prob-
lem. The last three problems should have been comparatively
easy for Mr. Macbeth as it was his good fortune to be in the
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 135
position of improving the quality of the gas while reducing the
price. As it will be impossible, so far as we can now see, to
manufacture gas which can compete with natural gas, either in
heating value or in price, it will be our problem to raise the
price and reduce the heating value at the same time.
Mr. Macbeth's problem, it seems to me, was a little bit like
the problem confronting the future endeavors of a certain colored
man who was very much in love with a dusky maiden. I pre-
sume it would be proper to give her the name of Phoebe Snow
while in Buffalo. He had been desirous for a long time of
popping the question to her and after pondering over the matter
for quite a while he screwed his courage up to the point of asking
her. He says to himself "I am going to find out if Phoebe is
going to take me." But he would look at her and she would
look so beautiful and so far beyond anything to which he thought
he could aspire that his courage would fail him and he would
leave without having said a word about the subject that was
uppermost in his mind. He got to thinking it over and thinking
it over and finally he made up his mind that he could never pop
the question to her in her presence, and so he thought he would
try it over the telephone, and this was the conversation that is
said to have taken place on his part: "Is this Miss Phoebe
Snow ? Well, Tm a young colored man of good habits. I don't
drink gnd I have got a good job and I am getting fifteen dollars
a week and save my money and I have bought a nice little cottage
and it is all paid for and I have some chickens and I have two
pigs and the cottage is all furnished and I have some money in
bank. What I want to know is will you be my wife?" She is
reported to have said : "Certainly, certainly, sure I will, but who
am this that is talking?" (Laughter). The problem that others
have to solve is not quite so simple as that which Mr. Macbeth
has had to solve.
The most striking thing as we go over Mr. Macbeth's paper
at the start is that with an increase of fifty-three per cent in the
heat units supplied to the consumer for one dollar, there was
an increased consumption of only 15 per cent. We all know
that when the Tungsten lamp came in and replaced the carbon
lamp, people generally demanded better lighting, but they con-
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136 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
tinued to pay pretty nearly the same electric light bills and were
glad to do so.
The very slight increase in the sale of heat units leads one
to question whether at Los Angeles the gas market had been
saturated before they improved the quality and reduced the
price, whether the new business department eased up a little bit,
whether the possibilities of industrial development in Los Ange-
les are very limited, or whether Los Angeles is very largely
settled by Scotchmen. (Laughter).
You remember about the Scotchman who was riding along
in the train and a neighbor alongside of him reached his hands
in his pocket and drew out his pipe and tobacco pouch and said
to the Scotchman, "Will you let me have a match" and the
Scotchman handed him out the match. The chance acquaintance
put the match on the window sill and felt in his pouch for his
tobacco and he says "Why, I am all out of tobacco." The
Scotchman leans over toward the window sill and says, "Then
ye nae be needin' the match." (Renewed laughter). Possibly
the gas consuming public of Los Angeles decided when they
got the better gas they might just as well save the "match" at
the same time and so did not increase their consumption as would
ordinarily be expected.
Mr. Macbeth brings out very clearly the fact that there is
no great difficulty in mixing various gases, and also — which is
of very great importance — that there is a ix>ssibility of a very
considerable variation in the calorific power of the mixture with-
out causing the slightest inconvenience. In fact, it was impos-
sible for any but the most highly trained observers to detect any
difference whatsoever in the flame in the gas appliance when
there was a change in the b. t. u.'s per cubic feet from 941 to
831 b. t. u.'s and so far as difficulties from flashing back or any-
thing of that kind were concerned, there could be very much
greater variations without any marked difficulty or inconvenience.
From these results it would not be safe to assume that it is ever
going to be possible to satisfy consumers if we permit excessive
variations in the calorific value of the gas delivered. It is going
to be one of the big problems of the future, as it has been in
the past with artificial gas distribution, to keep the variations in
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 137
the quality of the gas delivered between very narrow limits.
Wherever the problem of mixing gases comes in, the competent
gas manager is going to try his best to keep the variations of
heating power within reasonable limits and the success of the
work will consist very largely in the ability to keep the variation
within the narrowest limits.
There is one thing that Mr. Macbeth did not bring out which
I think is well worthy of some consideration and that is the im-
portance of maintaining a uniform pressure. Mr. Macbeth did
call attention to the fact that when the B. t. u.'s went off people
thought it was the pressure that went off. The converse of that
is worthy of consideration and that brings up the question as to
the effect which the maintenance of good pressure at the con-
sumer's burner has upon the efficient utilization of the calorific
power of the gas. Oftentimes very low pressures result in a
greater waste of gas than a moderate reduction in the calorific
power of that gas. If you maintain the pressure and have a slight
reduction in calorific power you will have a better pleased cus-
tomer than if you maintain the calorific power of the gas, but
fail to maintain the pressure at the burner. There is no question
that the Public Utilities Commissions will eventually insist upon
the maintenance of reasonable standards of pressure regulation
and it behooves all forward looking men in the industry to get
ready for it and to "beat them to it.*' There is one feature, to
anyone coming into the natural gas business from the artificial
gas business, that is very impressive and that is the ridiculously
low prices, from the artificial gas man's point of view, which
natural gas men have -been willing to accept for their product.
This has unquestionably resulted in very great wastes of gas
historians will denominate as almost criminal.
One of the things which was brought out in the paper that
is very striking is the very slight seasonal variation in gas de-
livery at Los Angeles. In that land of sunshine there seems to
be sunshine for the consumer, for the gas company, and for
everybody else. Instead of having a variation as in eastern
cities of from four to one or five to one, as in the case men-
tioned, there is a variation of something like two to one. There
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138 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
is possibly stiil a great deal of work to be done in Los Angeles,
in the way of increasing the summer load with industrial work,
but the field for that is not nearly as great as it is in eastern
cities. I believe that there is going to be a great deal of work
done in the immediate future in the building of throw-over
plants which will be operated probably with some kind of arti-
ficial gas in the winter time and with natural gas in the summer
time, thus making it possible to utilize existing pipe lines and
compressing stations at a higher average of efficiency through-
out the year, equalizing the load and yet relieving the natural
gas companies from the excessive winter peaks. I believe there
are very few lines of work which look more promising.. How
this work will be done, whether the individual consumer will
install local plants or whether the gas companies themselves will
install local plants at points of distribution merely to carry the
winter load and arrange for a definite charge for the winter load
with artificial gas and then a rate for natural gas during the
summer time, the future alone can determine; but something of
that sort seems to be plainly indicated as the proper economic
answer to the best utilization of an existing investment together
with the most economical supply of fuel to these industries.
Having once been educated to use gas and to appreciate its very
great advantages, consumers hesitate a long while before they
will go over to solid fuel with its many disadvantages. The
industry as a whole is certainly very greatly indebted to the
author of this paper and his assistant, Mr. Shafer, for having
gone into the matter so much in detail and given us so much
that will help all of us in the solution of these problems which
confront some of us now and which are bound to confront
everybody in the natural gas business sooner or later. I thank
you (Applause).
President Guffey : We would like to hear from Mr. John
H. Maxon, President and General Manager, The Central Indiana
Gas Company, Muncie, Indiana. Mr. Maxon has had consid-
erable experience in the artificial gas business. We would like
for him to come forward if he will and discuss this all-important
topic.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 139
Mr. John H. Maxon: Mr. Chairman, I have attended a
number of gas conventions recently and when men are unex-
pectedly called on I have heard them get up and say "I don't
believe I can add anything to the interesting and valuable re-
marks which have already been made" and then launch out into
an extended talk. I think probably it would be better to do
what I will do right now and that is, when unexpectedly called
on, to get up and say that I am interested in this important
subject and I have something to say about it but I am going to
be brief.
I have had the pleasure of going over this Los Angeles
territory in its entirety and, therefore, this paper has been of
especial interest to me. I want to call attention particularly to
the fact that in that territory there is probably being collected
more money per million b. t. u.'s for natural gas than any other
place in this cotmtry. It appears that the 190,000 consumers
in Los Angeles proper are paying about $21.00 per annum for
about 31,000 feet of 800 b. t. u. gas which means 25,000,000
heat units and which brings 84 cents per million heat units.
That is the Los Angeles operation. The interests I represent
serve 42,000 consumers and thirty towns outside of Los Angeles
and the service there is straight natural gas from both the
Midway Company and the Whittier-FuUerton Field. The price
per b. t. u. is about the same as for 800 b. t. u. gas. When
the manufacture of oil gas was discontinued, the same prices
were continued, namely, for the first 25,000 feet, about one
dollar per thousand for about iioo b. t. u. gas. Then the rate
was dropped to 30 cents and so in both cases in that district the
price per million b. t. u.'s is nearly the same.
The artificial gas business, serving about eight million con-
sumers in the United States is delivering about 28,000 cubic
feet per annum per consumer of 600 b. t. u. gas which means
the delivery of about 17,000,000 b. t. u. gas per consumer per
annum for $21.00 which means about $1.25 per million b. t. u.'s
so you can see in the Los Angeles operation they are coming
up nearer artificial gas practice per million b. t. u.'s. To bring
out the comparison still further, it may be said in the State of
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140 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Ohio that there are 800,000 natural gas domestic consumers who
are paying about 28 cents per million b. t. u.'s.
In regard to the mixing of gases it has been exceedingly
interesting to hear what Mr. Blauvelt had to say. I will say
that I have had some experience in a small way in that line of
work and it has shown itself to be entirely practicable. I have
operated one town for about two years with 700 b. t. u. gas
made from about 40 percent natural gas and 60 percent blue
water gas, with about one gallon of oil per thousand, making
about 700 b. t. u. gas. The service has been eminently satis-
factory and the rate averaged about 80 cents. Our company in
Indiana has now practically perfected plans and will soon put
into operation a mixed gas service in five towns with about
11,000 domestic consumers, where the use of iioo b. t. u. gas
is about 85,000 per annum per domestic consumer, with an
average rate of 44 cents and an annual revenue of $37.30 per
consumer. These same towns will receive service fifty-fifty.
1 100 b. t. u. natural gas per 50 percent, and 50 percent 300 b. t. u.
blue gas, making about 700 b. t. u. mixed gas, and the rate wc
expect to establish is $1.00 for the first thousand; 75 cents net
for the next four thousand; 50 cents for the next 95,000, and
40 cents net for all over 100,000. We expect to sell 30,000 per
annum of this 700 b. t. u. gas at an average of about 80 cents
or $24.00 per annum per domestic consumer. I think that there
are a great many places where natural gas may be in the future
utilized as a component part of a very high grade manufactured
or so-called artificial gas. I thank you. (Applause).
President Guffey : We would now like to hear from Mr.
R. W. Gallagher, Assistant General Manager, The East Ohio
Gas Company, Cleveland, Ohio, if he is present, as we know
his familiarity with this subject.
Mr. R. W. Gallagher: Mr. Chairman, and Gentlemen:
It is very nearly lunch time and I will be brief. Mr. Macbeth,
Mr. Blauvelt and Mr. Maxon seem to have covered this situation
very well, so that I haven't much to add. Mr. Blauvelt has
gone into all the angles which will confront us in the future.
There is only one thing that I might suggest, if you will
permit me to take your time for a few minutes only, and that
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 141
is the problems which arise in the distribution of gas. Most
of us have a little different angle to contend with in the northern
or central states where natural gas is being furnished than would
arise, probably, in a territory located in southern California.
That is, we do not have the regularity of temperature. The
ordinary eight-room house in our district will use, when heating
with gas, in the neighborhood of fifteen to eighteen hundred
feet in twenty-four hours. Whereas, the increase in order to
meet changed conditions of temperature from one day to another
would be from three to four hundred feet, or even less, to the
amount mentioned.
Unfortunately a great many of the gas plants in the Ohio
and Pennsylvania districts were built when the towns were
smaller than they now are and, as there was some question about
the ability to procure large amounts of gas in the future, the gas
companies not having confidence in the future of the natural gas
supply, as well as the possibilities of the communities, used
smaller pipe than should, as we now see it, have been used.
I think we are all familiar with these conditions. The result
is, we have built up a large heating business, saturating the
business along the lines to the extent that we find on cold days we
have considerable difficulty supplying through these lines suf-
ficient natural gas of i lOO b. t. u.'s to heat the houses properly,
even when we have all the gas necessary.
Now we come along to the point where we wish to put in
gas lower in b. t. u.'s, and you must not forget that in doing so
you have to carry more gas to that house to bring the same
number of b. t. u.'s to your consumer. You should give this
point serious consideration, as it is a problem which will have
to be solved. Probably the only way that you can get away
from this angle is to raise your prices to a point where you
will cut out a great deal of that heating. And of course, as Mr.
Blauvelt mentioned, when you start to raise your prices you
have another serious angle confronting you. You are going to
reduce your natural gas to a still lower b. t. u. gas which you
are trying to sell for a higher price. Whereas, in the case of
Mr. Macbeth, he was on the other side of the fence, selling a
higher b. t. u. gas at practically the same price and giving the
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142 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
people, consequently, better service. Now those are the two
all-important questions.
I think you should be very much interested also in another
question which comes to my mind in this connection. The gas
which was supplied in southern California was probably an oil
gas or a mixed gas with a gravity ranging around .45 to .50.
Whereas, your probably requirements, considered from an operat-
ing standpoint in the districts where you have an abundance of
coal, would be something in the nature of coke ovens, which will
supply you with gas having a gravity of .35 to .37, and mixing
this with your natural gas, has a gravity 6i .66. You will find
that you cannot get the large percentages of mixed gas with a
minimum of trouble in furnaces, that was worked out in the
California case.
I do not want to trespass further on your time. I simply
wanted to give you these suggestions to think about because I
don't like to see you go away thinking that all you have to do
is to take the gas and put it in your lines and you will have no
trouble in the future. I thank you. (Applause).
President Guffey: We would be very much pleased to
hear from any other member on this valuable and instructive
paper by way of discussion or any other additional or further
suggestions.
Mr. Francis P. Fisher: Mr. President, I would like to
say a word.
President Guffey: Kindly come forward, if you will.
Mr. Francis P. Fisher : I will not take your time to come
forward but I simply want to say that there have been some
features of the subject of mixing natural gas and manufactured
gas as referred to by the author of this paper that vary from
the experiences we have had in Kansas. In the various Kansas
gas fields it has unfortunately developed that the natural gas
found is not nearly so uniform in chemical composition and heat-
ing value as the gas in most other producing Districts. The gas in
different fields and even from different wells in the same field
will have a wide variation of heating value. In some cases rang-
ing from less than 100 b. t. u.'s per 1000 feet up to iioo b. t. u.'s
per 1000 feet in the same field but from different sands. The
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 143
question of utilization first became a commercial factor in 191 4
when a field of this character, in which the gas ranged as low
as 550 heat units, was turned into the main line where it mixed
with gas which averaged about 950 heat units and causing various
degrees of mixture to suddenly appear in the various cities fur-
nished from the line. In extreme cases the gas went a little
below 800 heat units but varied above and below an average of
about 820.
The fact that the gas from the new field was below standard
had never been suspected until complaints from consumers
brought to light the fact that something was seriously wrong.
A difference of a little more than 100 heat units had an effect
on the combustion a great deal more serious than that exper-
ienced by Mr. Macbeth in the case which he referred to, varying
from 600 to 1200 b. t. u.'s. It resulted in difficulties with burners
and appliances and the consumers registered vigorous complaints
and finally the controversy was thrown into the courts. It was
taken from the Public Utilities Commission and there was more
or less litigation extending over a period of two years out there.
As nearly as I can see it the feature that was in Mr. Macbeth's
favor as compared with the situation in Kansas is that this
artificial gas, differing in its composition from natural gas ; that
is, containing appreciable quantities of carbon monoxide and
olefins both of which are quick burning gases of high flame
temperature and high rate of flame propagation but low in heat
units. Thus in replacing a certain amount of natural gas with
gas of this character, the result would be a quicker, hotter flame
or a fire in which a very similar result would be obtained by
burning a larger quantity of gas to that obtained from pure
natural gas.
In the gas found in Kansas of lower heating value, this
lower value is caused by the dilution of the natural gas with
a certain amount of nitrogen. Natural gases are normally slow
burning gases and the dilution with nitrogen tends to still further
decrease the rate of flame propagation and make them slower
burning than the natural gas so that the net result out there is
that a difference of from 35 to 40 heat units, variation will be
accompanied by a series of complaints from consumers who
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144 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
encounter serious difficulties, whereas, Mr. Macbeth can get by
with a variation of two to three hundred without any great incon-
venience to the consumer. Therefore, I say this has become a
commercial factor in Kansas and has brought about a movement
which will eventually in that state, I believe, cause gas to be sold
on the basis of heat units rather than by the cubic feet. This
same difficulty may occur in other states and if so the quality
of the mixture must be controlled with very narrow limits as
suggested, for the burners and appliances are adjusted to natural
gas of the kind we have previously been accustomed to employ
and will not stand the wide variation in mixing natural gas with
nitrogen dilution which from Mr. Macbeth's experience can be
very safely used in mixed artificial gas. (Applause).
President Guffey : We would be glad to hear from any
other member. Mr. Weymouth, your name has been suggested.
Do you care to add anything to the discussion ?
Mr. T. R. Weymouth: Mr. President, I think I have
nothing further to add.
President Guffey: Does any other member wish to be
heard? .If not, we will proceed with the regular order of busi-
ness. I will next call upon Mr. W. Re Brown, New Business
Manager, Ohio Fuel Supply Company, of Columbus, Ohio, who
will now make his report for the Wrinkle Department.
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\V. Re Brown, Ai.frkd J. Diesc her,
fiditor. .Assistant Editor.
WRINKLE DEPARTMKXT.
Wrinkle No. 1.
METHOD OF THAWING OUT SERVICE LINES W^ITHOUT
CUTTING PAVEMENT.
A. W. GAVIN, ASSISTANT CITY SUPERINTMNDKNT, IROQUOIS
NATURAL GAS CO.. BUFFALO, N. V.
The attached sketch suggests a method of thawing out a
service pipe, frozen between stop-cock and main-line, without
cutting piping or pavement.
This is done, as shown in sketch, by removing core of
stop-cock, inserting §" block tin tube and applying water; the
water is driven back through core of stop-cock by the pressure
of gas as the thawing progresses.
10 (145)
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NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
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TWELFTH ASNUAL MEETING.
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Wrinkle No. 2.
USE AUTOMOBILE TIRE INNER TUBE TO STOP FLOW OF
GAS.
LON JORDAN, OKLAHOMA FUEL SUPPLY CO., CLAREMORE, OKLA.
W. W. BRUCE, SUPERINTENDENT OKLAHOMA FUEL SUPPLY CO.,
CHANDLER, OKLA.
In repairing plant lines it frequently becomes necessary
to cut out certain lines in order to repair others without inter-
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Wrinkle No. 2.
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148
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
fering with the general supply to any great extent. It recently
became necessary for us to repair a certain six inch low pres-
sure main, from which was connected two three inch lines,
which in turn were connected and were being supplied from
other distributing stations. In order to free the six inch line
and continue service through the two three inch lines, a stopper
was necessary to avoid cutting out the two lines and capping
them temporarily. To do this we used for such stoppers the
inner tube from an automobile. We had these cut to a length
of about one foot, leaving the valve connection remain and had
the ends vulcanized. By drilling a one-inch hole in the mains
it was easy to make the insertion of the inner tube, after which
lung pressure was sufficient to inflate them, the regular valve
holding the pressure sufficient to accomplish the purpose.
After repairs were completed it became a simple matter to
withdraw the tubes and insert plug in the line.
I submit a drawing and feel that you will clearly grasp
the simplicity of the operation. Of course this would not apply
to large lines for the reason the tubes would not be procurable
but serves for the conditions enumerated.
Wrinkle No. 3.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 149
Wrinkle No. 3.
CONVERTING OIL BURNING STEAM BOILERS TO NATURAL
GAS FUEL, OR VICE VERSA, WITHOUT DELAY
OR AFFECTING STEAM PRESSURE.
J. T. CREIGHTON, SUPERINTENDENT GAS MANUFACTURE, LOS
ANGELES GAS AND ELECTRIC CORPORATION,
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.
The accompanying sketch ilkistrates a successful installa-
tion for making a quick change of fuel in steam boilers.
It will be noted that it is possible to use natural gas or
oil for fuel — either independently or both at the same time,
thus insuring a fire under boilers at all times. Old boiler tubes,
swaged and cut, as per sketch, are used for burners. The roar-
ing noise — an undesirable feature of burning natural gas under
boilers — is entirely eliminated.
The complete installation costs approximately 50 cents per
boiler horse-power.
Wrinkle No. 4.
COMBINATION GAS OR OIL BURNER.
GEO. IIORSLEV, JR.. THE EA.ST OHIO CAS CO., CLEVELAND, OHIO.
(See (Irawinji^ on paj?c loO. )
Wrinkle No. 5.
HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER USED AS NATURAL GAS
SEPARATOR.
W. H. SEDBERRY, MARSHALL GAS COMPANY, MARSHALL, TEXAS.
The accompanying sketch and photo of the installation of
a horizontal tubular boiler placed in an upright position and
used in an emergency by us as a separator with most excellent
results.
We were troubled with considerable oil and other matter
getting into our low pressure lines this winter causing quite a
lot of annoyance to our consumers. It was necessary to act
quickly, and this 20 h. p. boiler being accessible, we imme-
diately put our idea into operation.
You can readily see that by taking the gas into the side
through the dome, it strikes the flues which act as baffles and
passing between the flues finds an outlet at the top; there
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160 ^ NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
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Wrinkle No. 5.
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1.V2 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Wrinkle Xo. o.
being an opening at the foundation creates a circulation of air
through the flues which materially assists in condensation.
This condenser has now been in use for three months and
since its installation we have had no more trouble with liquids
or oil in our (listri])iiting system. A blow off is attached at B.
Wrinkle No. 6.
METHOD TO PREVENT PASSING OF UN-REGISTERED GAS
BY TIPPING.
G. C. REKD, TKLKPHOXK FOKKMAN AND MKTER INSPECTOR, LONE
STAR CAS COMPANY. FORT WORTH, TKXAS.
A flat strip of metal fastened from post to post will prevent
valve from oi)ening when meter is tipped, and meter will register
accurately in any position.
Wrinkle Xo. 1).
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 153
Wrinkle No. 7.
LOCK AND CAP FOR GATE VALVES.
W. G. HAGAN. THE EAST OHIO GAS COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO.
This method prevents any tampering with valves.
This cap was used on an 8-inch gate valve and is made of
6" pipe with a cover welded on top. Slots are cut in the sides
r — fv 4. ^ I. -vvay to
►bow interior
Key
Pod lock
Wrinkle Xo. 7.
to permit the key to extend through and between stuffing box
and bolt. The key is made with a "T" head and has a hole at
the other end to allow the ring of the |)ad-lock to pass through.
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154 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 8.
TO PREVENT LONG MAPS FROM TRAILING ON THE FLOOR.
THE EAST OHIO GAS COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO.
Some very large maps, more than twelve feet long, made
some arrangement necessary that would roll them up at the
bottom to keep them off the floor, when a view of the top of
the map was desired.
The maps are arranged on the tin spring map rollers in the
usual manner in the nest up at the ceiling. At the bottom of
the map, we used a split cork pine cellar 2j" in diameter. In
the left end of the roller, a pin is driven of i" diameter. This
pin enters a hole in the brass bracket at the left end of the
roller. This bracket is securely fastened to the wall and does
not swing. At the right end of the roller, a brass cap was
put on with a J" square hole in the end of same. The bracket
at the right end of the roller swings in a circle and the square
end of the crank shaft meshes into the square hole in the cap
on the end of the roller. A latch that drops down on the arm
of the bracket holds it in the proper place. The tension put
on the spring of the tin roller up in the map nest is fully strong
enough to unroll and raise the map when you wish to do so. A
slight jerky motion of the crank of the bracket will set the
dogs in the roller above just as easy as the present way of
doing it by hand.
The operator, standing near the swinging bracket, can
easily stab the pin on the other end of the roller into the
stationary bracket at the left end, on account of the light
weight of the cork pine bottom roller, swing the right end
bracket into place, drop the latch, and then turn the crank.
This wrinkle solved a problem that had caused considerable
damage to the bottom of the large maps from trailing on the
floor when in use.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 156
Wrinkle No. 9.
EXTENSION STEM FOR GATE VALVE, TO BE USED IN CASE
OF HIGH WATER IN OVERFLOW DISTRICT.
A. E. MCKIEARNAN, LONE STAR GAS COMPANY. DAN TAYLOR,
DALLAS GAS COMPANY.
Corner posts are made of 8" junk pipe. Platform is built
of wood. Extension stem is iron or steel, with a socket on the
Wrinkle No. 9.
bottom made to fit main valve stem, with wheel removed. Ex-
tension stem is fastened below with a key, to keep anyone
from removing it and is locked to corner post with a chain to
keep anyone from closing or opening the valve.
Wrinkle No. 10.
TANK FOR CLEANING AND STRAINING GASOLINE.
JAS. MCCARTY, THE EAST OHIO GAS CO., CLEVELAND, OHIO.
Gasoline used for washing the top part of tin meters gets
very dirty.
With this Wrinkle, gasoline is cleaned and strained, and
used over again.
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i:)(i NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
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GASOLINE STPAINEfS
Wrinkle No. Kl
Wrinkle No. 11.
TO REMOVE HEAVY BOULDERS.
JAMES J. CUMMINS. PRK.SSUKE DEPARTMENT, THE OHIO FUEL
SUPPLY CO., COLUMllUS, OHIO.
In running a trench, we often came against a large boulder
and it must be removed or destroyed.
A simple method is to loosen the soil from underneath the
boulder, next slip a heavy ])lank under it. Then two or more
men lift on each end of the plank and hoist the boulder to
the surface.
A boulder weighing from 500 to 600 pounds can easily
and quickly be removed in this manner.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
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Wrinkle No. 12.
Wrinkle No. 12.
TOOL FOR PULLING TEST BAR FROM PAVEMENT OVER
MAIN LINE.
W. J. GAGEN, FORT WORTH GAS CO., FORT WORTH, TEXAS.
This tool consists of a lever as shown. The lever is made
from one inch by one and one-half inch steel and is fitted with
a jaw made up of a pin on one side and a sharp toothed grip
on the other.
Le^x' ¥vyrH /»-#c<r-
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Wrinkle Xo. 13.
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158 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 13.
EASY WAY TO REPAIR A LEAK.
ED. CANNY, MAIN LINE MAN, KANSAS NATURAL GAS CO.,
COLUMBUS, KANSAS.
Easy way to repair leaks on high or low pressure line
and especially on pipe that is pitted and rusted. Take blind
saddle made to fit pipe, some rope asbestos about one-quarter
inch in diameter, roll in a tight circle until you have a pad a
little larger than the leak to be repaired, then take some roof
cement paint or asphaltum and cover the pad to fill seams with
same. Then take another pad a little smaller than the first, use
paint or asphaltum as before, stick second pad to center of the
first, stick both to saddle and place over leak, tighten saddle
and leak is repaired.
Wrinkle No. 14.
NOTICE CARD.
O. M. BALDWIN, THE EAST OHIO GAS COMPANY, KENT, OHIO.
This card is handed out at the time application is made
for a meter. The applicant is instructed to read the card care-
fully, so that there will be no delay about setting the meter
when the gas man comes to do so. These instructions are printed
on a card of suitable size.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
159
BE SURE TO READ THIS.
TO AVOID DELAY IN HAVING GAS TURNED ON
KINDLY OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING
DIRECTIONS.
First — See that all gas appliances have solid connections:
that is, use pipe instead of hose for connecting stoves, grates,
etc.
Second — Do not connect any gas appliance unless it has a
proper flue connection.
Third — Be sure that all openings in gas lines are plugged
or capped.
Fourth — Place an independent valve on riser to your gas
range or heating stove.
Fifth — Examine each opening where stove pipe connects to
chimney to see that it is free of soot and other obstructions.
The above directions are to insure safety and our employes
are instructed not to set a meter unless these directions are
complied with.
Wrinkle No. 14.
Wrinkle No. 15.
METHOD OF REPAIRING HIGH PRESSURE LEAKS.
J. F. PALMER, SUPERINTENDENT, ARKANSAS NATURAL GAS
COMPANY, SIIREVEPORT, LOUISIANA.
Occasionally there is found a leak in a fitting that is diffi-
cult to repair by the ordinary method. The prints herewith
illustrate a method that has been successfully used under high
pressure.
Cut off small "V" from around a collar leak, or coupling
rubber. Insert in recess, fasten ends together by tying, then pour
lead in the recess and calk.
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160
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
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Wrinkle No. 16.
TO PREVENT TIPPING OF METERS.
J. H. STINSON, FORT WORTH GAS CO., FORT WORTH, TEXAS.
Use a return bend on one side of meter instead of usual
fittings.
Wrinkle No. 16.
Wrinkle No. 17.
PROTECTION FOR GAS GRAVITY TESTER.
C. E. BROCK^ DIVISION SUPERINTENDENT, EMPIRE GAS AND FUEL
COMPANY^ BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
Our company has experienced great difficulty in keeping
gravity tubes from breaking. By using a rubber band around
the bottom of the gravity tube, it keeps the tube from coming
in contact with the water tube and saves about 90% of the
breakages.
11
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16S
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
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Wrinkle No. 17.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
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164 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 18.
COMBINATION METHOD OF USING NATURAL GAS AND
REFUSE OF WOOD WORKING PLANTS AS FUEL
FOR POWER PLANTS.
W. T. ROBERTS, C. W. KRAMER, ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT,
ARKANSAS NATURAL GAS COMPANY,
LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS.
This sketch shows the method employed in burning
natural gas and refuse, consisting of saw dust, shavings, chips
and small blocks, from wood working shops, as fuel in a power
plant. The gas is supplied through a lo" low pressure header
in the subject sketched, from which it goes through a one and
a half inch pipe (li") reduced to one inch (i")- The gas
flows to the mouth of the eight inch port in front of the boiler,
from whence it is pulled with air into the furnace against a
wall to "break up" and mix same completely for combustion.
In this installation the refuse from the shops is conveyed
a distance of five hundred feet to the boilers, by means of a
blower system, having an 8 ounce suction, which delivers the
refuse directly into the fire box, where it is completely consumed,
very materially lowering the fuel cost. No ash remains to
cause trouble, as it is reduced to powder form and goes out
the stack.
Wrinkle No. 19.
DEVICE FOR FILLING METER PROVER WITH GAS.
J. R. GILBERT, IOI2 ROIS HARC ST., FORT WORTH, TEXAS.
This connection is used at large hose opening of prover,
and by means of loosened street ell at (A), can be swung back
out of the way when necessary to use the prover for large
meters.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
165
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Wrinkle No. 19.
Wrinkle No. 20.
TO VENTILATE REGULATOR PIT.
J. H. STINSON, FORT WORTH GAS CO., FORT WORTH, TEXAS.
Use two 4-inch pipes. Connect one at top of pit and use
a cover over the top. Connect the other to the bottom of the
pit and drill holes to let in air.
(A) should extend a few feet above (B).
t
Wrinkle No. 20.
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166 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 21.
WARNING BELL ATTACHED TO PROVER
J. R. GILBERT, IOI2 BOIS DARC ST., FORT WORTH, TEXAS.
While running a slow check test on a meter the operator
may give his attention to other matters and the bell will give
Wrinkle No. 21.
a warning when the test is nearly finished. The bell is attached
to the prover with a movable band so as to allow setting for
tests of various lengths.
Wrinkle No. 22.
DEVICE TO PREVENT REVERSING OF INLET AND OUTLET
OF METER.
G. C. REED, TELEPHONE FOREMAN AND METER INSPECTOR, LONE
STAR GAS COMPANY, FORT WORTH, TEXAS.
Place a check valve in the neck of the outlet on meter. If
meter is in normal position, the flow of gas keeps this valve
open. If meter is reversed to prevent the registering of gas,
this check valve is closed by the pressure of the in-coming gas,
thereby effectively cutting off the supply until meter is reversed
in proper position. It would be almost impossible to detect the
presence of this valve.
Wrinkle No. 23.
VALVE RESEATING TOOL.
L. E. SNIDER, ENGINEER, ARKANSAS NATURAL GAS COMPANY.
Tool for re-grinding or re-setting valve seats, in place.
Especially adapted for use in large gas engines such as used in
compressing stations.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 167
I V I
Wrinkle No. 23.
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168
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 24.
ROAD DRAG.
H. O. BALLARD, SUPERINTENDENT PRODUCTION, WICHITA NATURAL
GAS CO., BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
The above drawing shows a very efficient road drag where
oil companies have to keep their private roads in condition.
Wrinkle No. 24.
This drag consists of 8 ft. of i6" or i8" pipe, ripped in half.
By certain adjustments, this drag can be made to not only drag
roads, but grade them as well.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 169
Wrinkle No. 25.
ADJUSTABLE METER SUPPORT.
O. C. HARTSOUGH, THE EAST OHIO GAS CO., CANTON, OHIO. P.
KENNEDY, THE EAST OHIO GAS CO., CLEVELAND, OHIO.
This Meter Support is attached to the riser of the service
and is set at any height desired. It gives more satisfaction than
the old style meter spuds which were always liable to get loose.
>i Bolt ,*'x ^* Band Iron
^
Wrinkle No. 25.
Wrinkle No. 26.
MULTIPLE RATE CAP FOR TESTING METERS.
E. C. WEISGERBER, SALES MANAGER, EQUITABLE METER CO.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.
In testing meters it is always necessary to test them for
the different rates of flow, namely, lo ft. per hour, 20 ft., and
then upwards to the open flow test. Most companies who do
this work have a different cap for each flow, and it is necessary
to unscrew the one cap and place another, etc. In many cases
the caps are lost, and all of this takes considerable time, but
by making the multiple rate cap, as per above sketch all of
these tests except the open flow test can be made through the
cap, as per the above.
The above illustration shows a standard 20 light meter nut
in which a brass blank has been soldered, and this blank is
drilled with holes which will pass the desired amount of gas
at the desired prover pressure, namely, the above holes are of
sufficient size to pass 10, 20, 61, 131 and 175 cu. ft. of gas or
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170
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 171
air at i^" pressure. These caps can also be made for 5 light,
10 light and other sizes, and their use will greatly facilitate the
testing of meters.
A shutter is made, as per sketch, with an opening large
enough to aUow the largest hole exposed. This shutter is held
in place by a nut which turns on the screw which has been
soldered to the cap proper, and the holes in the meter cap are
placed so that the shutter can be turned in any direction, but
the slot only allowing the desired hole for capacity to be open,
thereby the gas or air must flow through the desired orifice.
Wrinkle No. 27.
FORMS FOR KEEPING RECORD OF TESTS AND LOCATION
OF PROPORTIONAL METERS.
C. W. KRAMER, ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, ARKANSAS NATURAL
GAS COMPANY, LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS.
Form No. 140- A is self-explanatory, and, after a meter
has been tested in the field, the report is sent to the Meter De-
partaient. The form is in duplicate, in book form, and duplicate
copy is to be retained by the Field Inspector. These test records
are filed according to their consecutive number.
Form No. 629 is the Meter Department's record of the
meters. The face of the card is used ^o show the make, size,
capacity and location of meter. The reverse side is used to
keep a record of the tests, and on it is entered the date of the
test, the consecutive number of the test slip (Form 140-A), the
condition — fast or slow — in which the meter was found and
left, also the initials of the person who ran the test.
The card is filed according to the district in which the meter
IS located, and, in that sub-division, according to the serial num-
ber of the meter.
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172
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
r^RMNO. 140A-a*1-1T
ARKANSAS NATURAL GAS CO.
METER TEST REPORT.
Date
191.
Location
Make Size No Capacity
Reading Before Aftee
Barometer Temperature Gas Atmos.
Gravity Inches Water
flowometer test.
Vol. Per
Hour.
Inspection
Test.
Final
Test.
OONDITtt)N.
Cu. Ft.
Per cent.
Per cent.
MATERIAL USED.
remarks.
1
;
Arkansas Natural Gas Co.
1
1 Inspector.
Wrinkle No. 27,
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
173
Fonn No. €29
Meter
Capacity. No.
Gauge, No. Range.
Location.
Consumer.
Date.
Set Order.
Rem. Order.
-
TEST RECORD.
Date.
No.
Found.
Left.
By
Date.
No.
Found.
Left.
By
■
1
.
1
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174 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Wrinkle No, 28.
VALVE FOR GAS BAG TUBE.
WM. HAGAN, THE EAST OHIO GAS COMPANY^ CLEVELAND, OHIO.
This wrinkle consists of attaching a bic}'cle tire valve to the
tube of a rubber gas bag, and connecting same to a pump for
inflation.
Vblve from
bicycle tire
ISubber tube
Wrinkle No. 28.
Wrinkle No. 29.
REGULATOR CONTROL.
R. B. LLOYD, SUPERINTENDENT LINES, H. O. BALLARD, SUPERIN-
TENDENT PRODUCTION, WICHITA NATURAL GAS CO.,
BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
This wrinkle consists of an old piece of working barrel
with a solid cap on the bottom end and a reducer on the top
end, with a f" piston rod extending from the regulator arm
to the piston ring inside the barrel, with a Y' B)y-Pass extending
from the bottom to within 5" of the top, with a common brass
cock in the By-Pass. The barrel is filled with any kind of
heavy oil. This is to keep a regulator from opening or closing
too far when the regulator is inclined to stick. The By-Pass
cock being closed to allow but a small amount of oil to pass.
Should the regulator stick up and finally loosen, it will not allow
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 175
the weights to drop fast, but to lower slowly. The same thing
applies, should the regulator lever stick down.
This works very effectively whenever there is an uneven
flow through the regulators, like glass plants or close to an
orifice meter.
Wrinkle No. 29.
Wrinkle No. 30.
MAIN LINE REPAIR SLEEVE.
LEN RYAN, BLACKWELL, OKLA.
In case of a hole in a main line of plain end pipe, a good
method of repair is to use an ordinary sleeve coupling with
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176 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
followers and rubbers. Disconnect the line at the nearest joint
and slip a sleeve with followers along the pipe until the sleeve
covers the hole. Place rubbers and make up as an ordinary
joint. This gives a repair as good as a new joint and is useful
where a line can be shut out for repairs.
Wrinkle No. 31.
RUBBER GASKETS FOR METER CONNECTIONS.
E. A. MCSHERRY, FORT WORTH GAS COMPANY.
The use of rubber gaskets will eliminate leaks in connecting
up meters.
Wrinkle No. 32.
OIL-STEAM BURNER FOR BOILERS.
E. WILBERDING, ENGINEER, THE EAST OHIO GAS CO.,
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
(See drawing on page 177.)
Wrinkle No. 33.
MIXER FOR USE ON SMALL GASOLINE ENGINE TO BURN
NATURAL GAS.
FREDRICK F. DOYLE, ASST. CHIEF ENGINEER, MIDWAY GAS CO.,
TAFT, CALIFORNIA.
(See drawing on page 178.)
The following sketch shows how a 2" Cross, three 2"
Plugs and a 2" x i" Bushing were used to make a mixing
chamber for natural gas and air which attached to an engine
formerly run on gasoline and using a carburetor. A little
machine work was required. The area of the air opening should
be from 9 to 12 times the area of the area of the gas opening,
depending upon the kind of gas used.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
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178 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
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MtXEJl FOfl SnBLL GflSOUNE ENGINE, TO
QUR.N Nf^TUnflL 6/fS
Wrinkle No. a3.
Wrinkle No. 34.
ERECT SIGNS TO SHOW LOCATION OF LINES.
H. P. ZIESCIIANG, THE OHIO FUEL SUPPLY CO.. COLUMBUS, OHIO.
In walking lines in a strange district it is very difficult to
find the line especially where the land is plowed every year.
I suggest, that when a line is constructed, that a board be
nailed on the fence and painted white and the name of the
line and property line painted in black.
This would be helpful to any man working on the lines
for repair work, etc.
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TWELFTH ANXUAL MEETING. 179
Wrinkle No. 35
USE STAPLE IN PLACE OF TACK.
WM. HEAZLETT, SHOP FOREMAN. PEOPLES NATURAL GAS CO.,
LATROBE, PA.
The photo is of a little staple which I use for fastening
rubber rings together when putting on split sleeves where lines
are broken. I find they will hold against a very high pressure.
The old way of using tacks is not very satisfactory as the
pressure blows the tacks loose and the tacks do not make a good
Wrinkle Xo. :i"').
job, but the staple holds the ends in a perfect circle as you
will see in the photo, while tacks leave a loose end. The staple
should be about two and one-half inches long and made of
soft wire, with tongs long enough to go through the rubber
and turn enough to make it impossible to pull out.
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180
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 36.
BAFFLE TEE DRIP WITH AUTOMATIC BLOW OFF.
R. B. LLOYD, SUPERINTENDENT LINES, H. O. BALLARD, SUPERIN-
TENDENT PRODUCTION, WICHITA NATURAL GAS CO.,
BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
This drip is made entirely of welded fittings. The weld-
ing being done by the Oxy-Acetylene process. The automatic
blow-oflF device consists merely of a stop cock with a float at-
tached to it. The float being made of thoroughly dried pine wood
covered with copper and thoroughly sealed. The 3" plug is
for emergency use in case the automatic blow-off should get
out of order.
Wrinkle No. 36.
Wrinkle No. 37.
MEASURING THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF A SMALL SAMPLE
OF GAS.
E. E. LYDER, CHIEF CHEMIST, EMPIRE GAS & FUEL CO.,
BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
It is sometimes desirable to determine the specific gravity
of small amounts of gas brought to the laboratory.
This can be done on samples of 75 c. c. or more by use of
the following device :
A 50 c. c. pipette with a three-way stop cock sealed on
top of it, as shown in the diagram, is inserted into a glass
cylinder, which is kept nearly full of water. One of the leads
to the stop cock is equipped with a platinum disk, sealed into
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
181
With OHfiC9.
^t^^Thmr^ncmmtmn
Wrinkle No. 37.
the glass. Through the disk is a small orifice for the discharge
measurement.
The device is connected to a gas analysis apparatus and
the gas upon which the determination is to be made, is forced
into the pipette. The stop cock is then turned to connect the
pipette and orifice and time measurements are taken with a
stop watch as the water displaces the gas past two given poins
on the pipette.
After running the sample of gas, air is run, and the
densities compared by the time they pass a given orifice as in
an ordinary specific gravity bottle.
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182 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Wrinkle No. 38.
TO ENLARGE CAPACITY OF METERS.
J. R. GILBERT, IOI2 BOIS DARC ST., FORT WORTH, TAXAS.
Take off side tubes and file out the openings into the
meters. File wherever possible and attach side pipes of brand
known as "Texas Special". This will increase the capacity of
small meters remarkably, especially three light meters.
Wrinkle No. 39.
TONG FOR COMPRESSING RUBBER COUPLING.
E. H. CYPHERT, PIPE LINE FOREMAN, WICHITA PIPE LINE CO.,
BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
(See drawing on page 183.)
This wrinkle consists of a bar of iron J" x 2" x 4' long and-
one piece the same size, 18" long, bent to the shape of a common
canthook. Whenever the rubbers will not allow the followers
to go together so that the commonly used bolt is too short for
threads to start; by hooking this device over the coupling and
pulling the leaver, it will compress the rings so that taps may
be easily started.
Wrinkle No. 40.
ALWAYS REPEAT TELEPHONE ORDERS.
JAMES J. CUMMINS, PRESSURE DEPARTMENT, THE OHIO FUEL
SUPPLY CO., COLUMBUS, OHIO.
When it is necessary to give an order over the telephone^
be sure to make the party who receives the message repeat it
back to you.
This is important in any department of the business, but
is particularly important in the matter of receiving field reports
regarding pressure, etc., as this is mostly over long distance
and a word or two misunderstood might make serious trouble.
Repeating the message this way also may bring to mind
something that has been forgotten.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 183
rOA/6 n>li C0flPRES5tN6 RlfBBLR.
COUPLING
Wrinkle No. 39.
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184
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 41.
DRAIN FOR METERS.
J. R. GILBERT, IOI2 BOIS DARC ST., FORT WORTH, TEXAS.
Attach a small brass pipe to the under ring of the diaphragm
and run under and around the leather to avoid rubbing. Attach
small cocks on the outside and make all joints absolutely tight.
Wrinkle No. 41.
To drain the meter, open cocks and the gas pressure will soon
force out the condensation. This device is useful especially
on large meters.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
185
yJrM^c/rgr /# Tktrft
Plah
TtBTM
Wrinkle No. 42.
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186 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 42.
COUPON CUTTING MACHINE THAT SAVES TIME.
F. W. SCOVELL^ CASHIER, JOPLIN GAS CO., JOPUN, MISSOURI.
(See drawing on page 185.)
The drawing herewith shows a coupon cutting machine
attachment.
The idea of the machine is to save time of sorting stubs
into their thousands at the time same are receipted by setting
dial to any number from one to eleven. All stubs from number
one to one thousand will go into box number one; one thousand
to two thousand In ,box number two, and so on up to and
including ten thousand. Setting of dial only requires second
of operator's time and each stub has gone to its proper box.
At close of day's business half of the sorting is done, all the
stubs are in their thousand order, face up and in neat order,
thus effecting a saving of time according to number of stubs
handled. If you should want to refer to any stub at any time
during the day you can locate same instantly.
This distributer can be attached to any coupon cutting
machine in short time as all that is necessary is to shorten or
lengthen dial shaft put in chute, cut hole in counter 2" square
and fasten box to under side of counter.
Size of box 18" square, wheel 16" diameter, wheel having
eleven compartments.
Wrinkle No. 43.
STOPPING LEAKS ON A LEADED SLEEVE JOINT.
F. DOOLING, THE EAST OHIO GAS CO., CLEVELAND, OHIO.
(See drawing on page 187.)
The difference in O. D. between cast iron and steel pipe
make it necessary to use rubbers of different thickness. The
flanges and "J" ^^^^ were home-made."
This method has given satisfaction and is vouched for by
Mr. Dooling.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
187
^tc«l Hoop w«ld^d to Fian^
Wrinkle No. 43.
Wrinkle No. 44.
"A WRINKLE WORTH TRYING."
GEO. B. SIPE, VICE PRES. AND GEN. MGR., LOUISIANA GAS CO., .
SHREVEPORT, LOUISIANA.
(See drawing on page 188.)
The ordinary pilot used in jacking pipe under paving, across
streets, and elsewhere does not provide against :
(i). The pipe being deflected from a straight course by
coming in contact with pebbles or other obstructions,
nor
(2). Having to leave a string of pipe in the ground, if
any obstruction is encountered that necessitates be-
ginning again, nor
(3). Friction along the entire length of the line.
By using a reducer and plug, making the pilot much larger
than the pilot ordinarily used, overcomes all the difficulties
enumerated above.
The long pointed pilot is easily deflected from a straight
course by a pebble. The blunt reducer and plug will push it
aside.
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188
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 189
Should an obstruction be encountered that cannot be passed
or pushed aside, by digging down to and removing the reducer
allows the removal of pipe.
We have jacked eight inch pipe, by using such a pilot, a
distance of two hundred feet without deflecting but a few inches;
we have also jacked ten inch pipe successfully a distance of
over forty to sixty feet under railroad tracks. Try it
Shaft
'Tool
^J^Packing Nut
Top of Meter >^ i ,
TOOL FOR HOLDING PACKING NUT
Wrinkle No. 45.
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im NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 45.
TOOL FOR STARTING METER PACKING NUT.
WM. TAYLOR, THE EAST OHIO GAS CO., CLEVELAND, OHIO.
(See drawing on page 189.)
This little tool is very handy for putting pressure on the
packing nut in the top part of a tin meter, to overcome the
resistance against the nut caused by the packing below.
The worm is generally of such size that it is difficult to
get nut started with the fingers. This tool overcomes this trouble.
Wrinkle No. 46.
NON-INFAMMABLE GATE BOX.
R. H. LLOYD, SUPERINTENDENT LINES. WICHITA NATURAL GAS CO.,
BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
The above wrinkle consists of a piece of junk pipe welded
on the top with a semi-clevice cut out of an old brake band
with a slot cut in the pipe so as to allow the device to pass
through the pipe under the stuffing box gland and extend through
COMblN^TION 6/iT€ BOX f^ND 3E/iL
Wrinkle No. 46.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
191
the opposite side of the gate box, with a hole in the end of
the device to allow a lock. By hanging the gate wheel in the
semi-clevice on the opposite side from the lock, not only locks
the wheel to the gate, but also locks the gate at the same time.
This makes a gate box which is non-inflammable and much
cheaper and more durable than the ordinary wooden box.
Wrinkle No. 47.
DRIP THAT STOPS MORE LIQUID.
ELTING HENDERSON, STATION SUPERINTENDENT, MIDWAY GAS CO.,
TAFT, CALIFORNIA.
JT/f
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^gr^r<»^>.
Wrinkle No. 47.
The sketch of a drip for use on gas Hne explains itself.
We find that this type of drip stops a larger percentage
of the liquid in our gas lines than any other type we have
ever used.
Wrinkle No. 48.
TEST WHICH PROVES NATURAL GAS TO BE THE EQUAL
OF ARTIFICIAL GAS IN BRAZING AND
MELTING GOLD.
S. E. HAFER, THE EAST OHIO GAS COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO.
A test showing that natural gas, filtered through cotton, is
just as good as artificial gas for use by dentists for melting
gold for all kinds of dental work, and brazing of all kinds.
Take a piece of f " pipe, about one foot long, fill it with
cotton and let natural gas pass through it. The result will be
just as good, if not better, than with artificial gas.
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192
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 49.
METHOD OF CLEANING MERCURY.
FREDERICK P. DOYLE, ASST. CHIEF ENGINEER, MIDWAY GAS CO.,
TAFT, CALIFORNIA.
When adjusting an orifice meter gauge, used for measuring
casinghead gas, it was found that some oil had been carried
over from the main gas line to the chamber containing the
mercury. In an attempt to clean the mercury by using water
it separated into minute globules each apparently coated with
a thin film of oil. After a few washings with gasoline the
mercury was thoroughly separated from the oil and the globules
immediately united to form one mass of clean mercury putting
it in proper shape for use in the gauge and at the same time
saving it.
Wrinkle No. 50.
WELDED BY-PASS AROUND GATE VALVE.
H. C. IIUTCHINGS, CONSTRUCTION FOREMAN, WICIITA NATURAL
GAS CO., BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
The ordinary gate valve By-Pass is so expensive that this
wrinkle was devised. It merely consists of nipples screwed into
both sides of any ordinary screw or flanged gate valve and by
the use of the Oxy-Acetylene process, welding the By-Pass
connections into both nipples and installing a side gate on each
connection and completing the By-Pass around the gate. If
desired, a blow off nipple with a gate on it can be welded into
the Bv-Pass.
Welded Gate By- Pass
-for any 3/ze pipe
Wrinkle No. 50.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 193
Wrinkle No. 51.
METHOD OF COOLING JACKET WATER FOR A GAS ENGINE.
FREDERICK L. DOYLE, ASST. CHIEF ENGINEER, MIDWAY GAS CO.,
TAFT^ CALIFORNIA.
(See drawing on page 194.)
In localities where water for cooling purposes has to be
purchased by the barrel and where it contains a large percentage
of scale forming salts the cooling system as shown by the
accompanying diagram can be used to advantage.
The system is filled with distilled water or the purest water
obtainable. The heated water from the gas engine flows into
a tank from which it is pumped to cooling coils partly sub-
mei^ed in the cooling pond and partly exposed to the action
of water from sprays. From the coils it goes to the engine and
through the cylinder jacket.
If obtainable, salt water from a shallow water well can
be used for circulating through the sprays and the cooling pond.
There will be a slight evaporation of the water in the system
but this method of cooling will not only greatly reduce the
amount of good water used but will prevent the engine from
being scaled up in a short time.
If used in a gas compressing plant or a gasoline plant the
coolit^ coils can be in the same tower with the coils through
which the compressed gas circulates. Allow 25 B. T. U. per
hour per square foot of area of cooler coils for cooling effect.
Wrinkle No. 52.
PRINTED NOTICES.
v. A. GOBLE, THE EAST OHIO GAS CO., RAVENNA, OHIO.
Printed notices informing the consumer of violations of
Gas Company Rules: that is, hose connections, appliances with-
out flue connections, etc. These notices to be handed out by
meter readers, fitters and other employes, when they come in
contact with any violations.
Also a printed card from the Gas Company to inform
plumbers, pipefitters and contractors, as to the correct size of
pipe to run to the last outlet, and also the proper size of risers
to the second or upper floors.
13
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194 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 1»5
Wrinkle No. 53.
LOCATING ACCOUNTS FOR METER READERS.
ROBERT W. GOODNOW, ASSESSOR AND COLLECTOR^ WATER DEPART-
MENT, KANSAS CITY, MO.
The writer, while a member of the National Gas Association
of America, is not directly connected with the gas proposition
at the present time, but was Gas Inspector for the City of
Kansas City for several years. His duties now are Assessing and
Collecting Water Rates for the municipally owned water plant
of Kansas City, Mo.
A great many splendid ideas can be found in the Wrinkle
Departaient reports which are applicable to Public Service cor-
porations, such as Water and Gas, and I believe that the en-
closed sketch of a system which we have adopted to locate our
Accounts in our meter readers* Route Books and Meter Rate
Ledgers, and while it is not entirely a new idea might be of
assistance to some other City or Company, so we are enclosing
a sketch of tfie same and a short explanation regarding its
workings.
Wish to state that the City adopted this plan about a year
ago and we are finding it to be a much simpler and easier
method of locating our accounts than our old method, which
was done by giving an Account a Tap number and then a
License number, locating the Account by the License number.
A brief description of this Block System idea is as follows:
We have taken a large map of the City of Kansas City and
have numbered every city block: in large tracts of land have
left spaces so that additional numbers can be added when the
same are platted.
We start in at one corner Off this City block and set up
our Accounts by street number; the attached drawing being a
copy of our service map for block No. 955: we read down
one side of the block, then read the cross street number, then
read backwards on the named street and back to the point of
beginning, viz :
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196
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
: fi\^*i:v
Wrinkle No. 63.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
197
3015 Walnut St. 1006 E. 31st. ♦ 3034 Grand. 107 E. 30th St
3017 Walnut St t 1012 E. 31st 3032 Grand. I 105 E. 30th St
3021 Wahiut St then to 3030 Grand. 101 E. 30th St.
3029 Walnut St ' 3028 Grand,
then to 3024 Grand.
3022 Grand.
3020 Grand.
3016 Grand.
3012 Grand.
then
If at any time a new service is made anywhere in this
block, the Meter Rate Ledger sheet and the Meter Readers'
Route sheet is printed on the Addressograph and then put into
the Route book and Ledger just where it belongs. The stencil
on the Addressograph, Meter Readers' Route book and the
Meter Rate Ledger are all set up in this same order. We
believe this is better than any Account Number or Tap Number
system of locating these Accounts. We certainly find it to be
a great advantage in this City.
In thickly settled districts within four City blocks, there
are at times as many as 200 water meters, and sometimes even
more gas meters. Kansas City has over 60,000 water services;
43,000 approximately are metered services and 3,000 are made
up of Public buildings. Flush Tank connections, Fire Protection
services, vacant stores and houses, which leaves approximately
14,000 live Flat Rate accounts, and these are houses of under
8 rooms. The reason that we bring out the above is to explain
that it is quite a problem to locate readily our Accounts.
Sample of Addressograph Plate,
Block No-
Tap No-
R. W. 600DN0W,
MAIL TO CITY HALL.
786
59444
633 SCHAEFBR AVE. ,
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198 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 54.
WELDED SWEDGE NIPPLE.
JOHN FINK, WAREHOUSE CLERK, EMPIRE GAS AND FUEL CO.,
BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
This wrinkle consists of a piece of scrap pipe, any desired
length, which has been cut to the shape of an orange peel
with the points of the lips cut off to fit any size pipe wished.
After which, it is heated in a forge and the lips are bent into
the size pipe desired to swedge to and welded together with the
Oxy-Acetylene process.
0RflN6E PEEL ^WEDGED NIPPLE
Wrinkle No. 64.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 199
Wrinkle No. 56.
DEVICE FOR CARRYING NO. 1 AND NO. 2 TOBEY METERS.
A. H. FRICKER, THE EAST OHIO GAS CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO.
This device for carrying Tobey Meters is very convenient;
it takes a very strong grip on the meter and will prevent a lot of
broken glasses.
DEVICE FOE CABBYING TOBEY METEBS
Wrinkle No. 65.
Wrinkle No. 56.
CLEAN THIS SCREEN WITHOUT TOOLS.
L. M. MERRILL, KANSAS NATURAL GAS CO., JOPLIN, MO.
I am enclosing herewith a sketch for a screen device, made
by one of our employes. The cut and explanation herewith
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200 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
^^
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Wrinkle No. 56.
attached will probably give you all the information you would
wish, but will state that the device is arranged that for clean-
ing the screen in front of the regulator or pipe line necessitates
no tools whatever, being put in with a side gate and the lever
shown on the side will throw the screen in such a position that
the gas itself will clean the screen. One other advantage in
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 201
regard to the device is that it can be put inside of a building
and a pipe run out of the building so as to carry the gas away
from any danger when cleaning the screen and it does not
necessitate shutting of the supply of gas at any time. I took
notice of one of the wrinkles of last year a device for screens
and I thought this much superior to it that you might want to
use it as a wrinkle.
Wrinkle No. 57.
UNDERREAMER FISHING TOOL.
C. J. MCKINLEY, FIELD SUPERINTENDENT, EMPIRE GAS AND FUEL
CO., EL DORADO, KAN.
'Su^
Casing Cofiar
Cufoffa/f9mafe ffhf^rs
7t>0L rOK riSMIM9 UnOEM RtAMER SllP3
Wrinkle No. 57.
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202
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
This tool consists of a joint of casing 4 or 5 ft. in length,
any desired size, with the casing collar on top, to which a tool
sub can be screwed. The bottom end is cut into fingers 18''
long, with 8" of each alternating finger cut off. The bottom
of the extended fingers are cut in such a curve that when
driven onto the bottom of the hole, they will curve to the center,
forming a basket around the under reamer slip. This is also
used effectively when pieces of bit are broken off.
Wrinkle No. 58.
METHOD OF TESTING GAS FOR GASOLINE.
SUBMITTED WITHOUT NAME OF CONTRIBUTOR,
Fill tank No. i with Claroline Oil and have connection at
bottom of tank No. 2 just covered.
1^ ..
Wrinkle No. 58.
Open all pet-cocks and blow in B until oil appears at A.
Qose A and C and pour off excess oil in tank No. 2, leaving
just enough to cover connection at bottom. Connect rubber
tubing with gas to be tested. Open A, B and Q admitting gas
on top of oil in tank No. i. When oil appears at B, close
A and B. Now connect hand pump at B and put 25-pound
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 203
pressure on top of oil in tank No. 2. Next close C, and agitate.
Ndte reading of gage.
Initial gage pressure + ^4- 7
— % of gas not absorbed.
Final gage pressure + i4-7
Note. — Tanks are filled originally with Caroline Oil by removing
pet cock B and filling tank No. 2 by means of funnel.
Wrinkle No. 59.
STOPPING A SAND-HOLE LEAK IN A 16-INCH GATE FLANGE.
J. SULLIVAN, THE EAST OHIO GAS COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO.
3t&el
Rubber
CROSS SeCTIOri
Wrinkle No. 69.
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204
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
This interesting wrinkle was accomplished about four years
ago. The leak developed from a sand hole on the flange of a
i6'' gate. It was not feasible to remove the gate, so a steel
plate was formed long enough to include two of the bolt holes
on the face of the flange, and formed as shown on the cross
section. The surface of the flange where a strip of soft rubber
was placed, received a heavy coat of shellac. It has never re-
quired any attention since it was put on.
Wrinkle No. 60.
A DIRT TRAP.
CHAS. L, BULLOCK, SUPERINTENDENT DISTRIBUTION,
BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
This dirt trap is being used with great success, being the
first connection off of the main line. The screen is set at an
Wrinkle No. 60.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 205
angle of 45 degrees, and the gas coming in horizontally the dirt
strikes this 45 degree screen and instead of passing through
is deflected and drops to the bottom. The opening to remove
the screen is a simple hand hole plate with one bolt. In changing
the screen only one nut has to be removed, a blank is shoved
in to replace the screen, the gas turned on for a second and
instantly blows all of the dirt out of the bottom of the cleaner,
then the blank is taken out, a new screen inserted, the nut
screwed onto the bolt, which requires only a few seconds of
time, when the service is again resumed.
This little dirt catcher saves a great deal of meter and
regulator cleaning, and pays for itself many times during a
year's service.
Wrinkle No. 61.
METER HOUSE HEATER.
W. J. HINCHEY, INSPECTOR, KANSAS NATURAL GAS CO.,
PITTSBURG, KANSAS.
The drawing on page 206 shows a heater used for meter or
regulator station. I believe the drawing needs no explanation.
Wrinkle No. 62.
ORIFICE TESTER AND TABLES.
E. O. HICKSTEIN, BARNSDALL OIL COMPANY, BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
(See drawing on page 207.)
The sketch submitted shows an orifice tester of the type
generally used in gauging the flow of gas from the casing-head
of an oil well.^
Herewith are two tables to be used in connection with tester.
While the design used is not original, the tables are the result
of actual calibration of a tester against a five-foot meter prover.
Tests were made by F. P. Zoch, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
and the writer.
A number of tables similar to the one herewith submitted
are in circulation. It was on account of the fact that wide
variations existed between the different tables that the calibra-
tion tests on this instrument were made.
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206
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
o
1
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
207
^5
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9
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206
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
I
k-i^J^^J_J
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
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c:
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208 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
The writer has also found the tester useful in the checking
of meters and of the displacement of vacuum pumps.
The tables are believed to be accurate within two per cent.
An ordinary two-inch nipple of the proper length can be
used. The writer prefers using a piece of an old steel working
barrel, on account of its better appearance. The small plates
with the orifices machined in are one-eighth inch in thickness,
and had probably better be made of steel. The bevel on the
orifice faces the outside, as shown on sketch.
The complete outfit can be made by almost any machine
shop at a cost of approximately ten dollars — a considerable
saving. The orifices should be accurately machined to diameter.
In using this type of tester it is well to note the following
points :
(i) The largest orifice that gives a readable pressure —
say i" of water or over — should be used, thus avoid-
ing back pressure.
(2) It is necessary to allow sufficient time for the gas
inside the casing to build up to a steady pressure.
(3) A knowledge of the gravity of the gas is always re-
quired for an accurate gauge.
(4) The table is not to be used with testers of design
other than shown.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
209
CAPACITIES OF SMALL ORIFICES.
For Testing Casing-Heao Gas Wells.
(See Wrinkle No. 62.)
Capacities given in cubic feet of 8 oz. Gas, (Gravity 1.00) per
twenty-four hours.
To correct to gravities other than 1.00, use correction factor given in
Table.
Inches
SIZE OF ORIFICES
Water
r
r
i"
r
r *
ir
ir
ir
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
980
1,070
1,160
1,240
1,310
2,210
2,420
2,620
2,790
2,950
3,950
4,320
4,670
4,980
6,270
9,000
9,870
10,620
11,360
12,010
16,360
17,920
19,360
20,620
21,840
26,600
29,050
31,400
33,550
35,500
40,900
44,300
48,400
61,550
54,600
60,650
66,550
71,900
76,650
81,100
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1,380
1,450
1,510
1,570
1,630
3,110
3,270
3,410
3,550
3,690
6,550
6,840
6,100
6,340
6,580
12,690
13,310
13,890
14,460
14,990
23,040
24,200
25,240
26,300
27,260
37,450
39,300
41,000
42,700
44,300
57,600
60,500
63,100
65,750
68,150
86,700
90,000
93,900
97,700
101,000
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1,690
1,750
1,810
1,860
1,910
3,810
3,940
4,050
4,170
4,300
6,810
7,030
7,250
7,450
7,660
15,520
16,020
16,510
17,000
17,490
28,220
29,160
30,060
30,940
31,780
45,900
47,400
48,900
50,300
51,600
70,560
72,900
75,150
77,350
79,450
104,800
108,000
111,300
114,600
117,800
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
1,960
2,010
2,050
2,100
2,140
4,410
4,510
4,620
4,730
4,830
7,860
8,060
8,260
8,450
8,630
17,970
18,410
18,820
19,250
19,640
32,620
33,420
34,220
35,000
35,760
53,000
54,400
55,600
56,900
58,100
81,550
83,550
85,500
87,500*
89,400
121,000
123,950
126,900
129,850
132,400
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2,190
2,230
2,270
2,310
2,360
4,930
5,030
5,120
5,220
5,310
8,800
o,9o0
9,130
9,310
9,480
20,040
20,450
20,850
21,250
21,600
36,500
37,200
37,900
38,600
39,300
59,200
60,400
61,500
62,700
63,800
91,250
93,000
94,750
96,500
98,260
135.200
138,000
140,600
143,200
146,800
3.0
3.25
3.5
3.75
4.0
2,400
2,490
2,590
2,680
2,770
5,400
5,610
5,820
6,030
6,240
9,660
10,050
10,400
10.760
11,120
22,000
22,850
23,700
24,550
25,350
40,000
41,600
43,200
44,700
46,200
65,000
67,500
70,000
72,500
74,900
100,000
103,900
107,800
111,700
115,200
148,100
154,100
160.100
166,900
171.400
14
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210
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
CORRECTION FACTORS FOR GRAVITIES.
To be Used with Table of Capacities of Small Orifices.
Gravity.
Multiplying
Factor.
Gravity,
Multiplying
Factor.
.70
1.195
1.00
1.000
.71
1.187
1.01
.995
.72
1.178
1.02
.990
.73
1.170
1.03
.985
.74
1.162
1.04
.961
.75
1.155
1.05
.976
.76
1.147
1.06
.971
.77
1.140
1.07
.967
.78
1.132
1.08
.962
.79
1.125
1.09
.958
.80
1.118
1.10
.954
.81
1.111
1.11
.949
.82
1.104
1.12
.945
.83
1.098
1.13
.941
.84
1.091
1.14
.937
.85
1.085
1.15
.933
.86
1.078
1.16
.929
.87
1.072
1.17
.925
.88
1.066
1.18
.921
.89
1.060
1.19
.917
.90
1.054
1.20
.913
.91
1.048
1.21
.909
.92
1.043
1.22
.905
.93 1
1.037
1.23
.902
.94
1.032
1.24
.896
.95
1.026
1.25
.895
.96
1.021
1.26
.891
.97
1.015
1.27
.887
.98
1.010
1.28 ,
.884
.99
1.005
1.29
.881
1.30
.877
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 211
Wrinkle No. 63.
DEVICE FOR RAISING METER PROVER BY AIR.
A. H. FRICKER, THE EAST OHIO GAS COMPANY, YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO.
This arrangement saves time and labor, for the man using
it can work prover much faster than pulling it up by hand.
It is not expensive to make; the cylinder consists of 2"
DCVICt FOB PULLING UP MCTCB PPOVCC
Wrinkle No. 63.
brass tubing, and piston is made of i^" lead pipe swedged out
to fit the inside of the cylinder. The lead pipe is filled with
lead and drilled through the center. This gives the piston
enough weight to make the return for another pull. The piston
rod is 5/16'' steel, polished to prevent friction in the stuffing
box. The leather is of common 2'' cup leather, such as used
in test pumps.
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212 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
The valve is placed below the prover's bench, as shown on
the air line and an extension rod to extend up through the bench
with the handle on top of same. The valve is drilled through the
side in such a manner that when opened the air enters the bottom
of the cylinder and when closed, permits the air to escape through
the drilled hole.
A spiral spring is attached to the extension rod under the
bench to shut valve off when handle is released; this spring pre-
vents possible opening of valve by accident, unless the prover
wishes to do so.
The cylinder should be about lo" longer than the scale on
the prover. A hole is drilled near the top of cylinder so that
when piston is raised high enough to pull prover up to its limit,
it will be above this relief hole, thus permitting the air to escape
below the leather from the cylinder.
Wrinkle No. 64.
METHOD OF USING HOT FLUE GASES TO DRY BRICK.
W. T. ROBERTS, C. W. CRAMER, ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, ARKAN-
SAS NATURAL GAS COMPANY, LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS.
(See drawing on page 213.)
Four, 125 H. P., return flue, boilers have their breechings
connected in one conduit, leading to the brick dry house. In
conduit is placed a large fan which creates the necessary draft
and forces the hot gases into the drying tunnels. This method
is an efficient fuel saver.
To Mr. W. W. Dickinson, Jr., of Little Rock, Arkansas,
must be given the credit for the above installation.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
218
^
1
S-r'/AXJCziicr
9
i( Tunnel
"5 Tunnti
I:
Tunnel
^
o
^
4
?
Dry t1ou90.
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214 SATlliAL GAS ASSOCIATIOX OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 65.
METHOD TO PREVENT USE OF UN-REGISTERED GAS BY
TIPPING.
G. C. REED, TELEPHONE FOREMAN AM) METER INSPECTOR, LONE
STAR GAS COMPANY, FORT WORTH, TEXAS.
Figure "A" shows post with slot in which valve stem works,
as in present usage.
Wrinkle No. Go.
Figure *'R" shows post with circular hole instead of slot
This hole would confine valve stem in such a manner that stem
would have no upward and downward play if meter were tipped.
Wrinkle No. 66.
WELDING TAP WITHOUT SHUTTING OFF GAS.
L. IL BENSON, BARTLESVILLE, OKLAHOMA.
( Drawing on page 2ir».)
A i'' or I.}" tap can be welded on a street main with the
gas on by welding a coui)ling of the size pipe to be used onto the
main, then tapping a hole through the coupling as shown in the
cut, removing the tap and screwing in the plug until ready for
the service connection. This saves a saddle and two street ells.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
215
3
o
I
5
i
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1 T^M^^C M^^CHtf^e
^H4r1|t=tLj™
l«
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210 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 67.
METHOD TO DETECT WHETHER METER HAS BEEN TIPPED
AND GAS NOT REGISTERED.
G. C. REED, TELEPHONE FOREMAN AND METER INSPECTOR, LONE
STAR GAS COMPANY, FORT WORTH, TEXAS.
If a meter equipped with this device is tipped, the oil or
colored liquid in the *'U" shaped compartment would spill onto
dial and stain same.
Wrinkle No. 67
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
217
Wrinkle No. ^,
THREE-IN-ONE WRINKLE THAT HELPS IN JOPLIN.
B. J. CRAHAN, SUPT., JOPLIN GAS CO., JOPLIN, MISSOURI.
We submit for your approval exhibits No. i, No. 2, and
No. 3.
Explanation as to Exhibit No. i.
This is a gas ledger index made of blackboard cloth, size
28''x28", which we find to be a great help to our ledger
keepers. It increases rapidity in looking up accounts.
Exhibit Xo. 1.
Explanation as to Exhibit No. 2.
No. 2 will give you the outline of method employed in hav-
ing a rmall station made in number to correspond with the ledger
numb'^r. This station number follows the ledger to the different
desks so that during the discount period from the first to tenth
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218 XATl'RAL GAS ASSOCIATIOS OF AMERICA.
of the month the teller in waiting on the customer is able to tell
from the index at a glance the number of the ledger, then the
station is a guide to the desk where ledger is located which is a
great time saver during the busy days of the month which all
helps to relieve the congestion in our office during this period.
Ex]iil)it Xo. 2.
Explanation as to Kxiiiiht Xo. 3.
This is a sorting box made of tin with twelve compartments
which facilitates the sorting of coupons very materially and
needs no explanation.
Through assistance of the three simple devices the Joplin
Gas Company have made a very material saving of time for the
office employees during the busy days and as we make about
90% of our collections during the first ten days of the month
we would hardly be able to get along with the present office
facilities should we discard the three devices herein listed.
Permit me to say further that our ledgers are arranged in
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MLETISG. 219
Exhibit No. 3.
aiphal^etical order with reference to the streets running parallel
one way and indexing in numerical order with the cross streets
running parallel.
Wrinkle No. 69.
FLASH LIGHT BATTERIES.
MR. A. H. FRICKKR, THE EAST OFIIO CAS CO., VOUNGSTOWN, OHIO.
For a Five-Cell light, use a 5.3 \^olt bulb and when same
commences to get dim, use a 3.8 \'olt bulb until battery is played
out. For Three-Cell light, after bulb becomes dim, use the same
size bulb as that used in a Two-Cell light. Use a little judgment
as to the proper time to change bulbs to prevent breaking same.
This amount will give double the ordinary amount of ser-
vice from vour batteries.
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220
XATIRAL GAS ASSO'CIATIOX OF AMERICA.
W'rinkle No. 70.
«
DEVICE FOR TESTING TOPS OF METERS.
J. R. GILHERT, IOI2 ROIS DARC STREET, FT. WORTH, TEX.AS.
This device consists of a by-pass through a lx)ttle of water
and a hose and a funnel connection. To operate: punch small
hole in the top of the meter to be tested and insert funnel (D) ;
apply pressure, close main valve (A) and open by-pass valve (B)
If the meter top leaks, bubbles will pass through bottle (C).
Wrinkle No. 70.
Wrinkle No. 71.
THERMOMETER HOLDER,
J. K. (;iLHKRT, I0I2 HOIS DARC STR,, FT. WORTH, TEXAS.
(Drawing on page 221.)
Reducer soldered to meter connection gives a useful device
for holding the thermometer. This gives the correct temper-
ature of the gas jxissing through the meter while a test is being
run.
Wrinkle No. 72.
METHOD OF REPAIRING AND STRAIGHTENING PISTON
SLEEVE.
J. A. RKMLKH, KANSAS NATURAL (.AS CO., INDEPENDENCE, KANSAS.
(Drawing on page 221.)
We have on our (jas Kngines piston sleeves that slip over
the i)iston rods and are si)ace(l between the piston heads. The
longest of these are 13' iijj" and each engine has two of this
length, for the i)urj)ose of water circulation to pass around piston
and heads. The outside diameter comes in contact with metallic
l)acking rings.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
221
HeducT
^gimn ConnecfiQiT\
THERMOflETtK HOLDER.
Wrinkle No. 71.
0f t»rTh
C^mh^r' •A»t«^/7 S^ay^reu^d
MerNOO or 3TMi6Hr£MN6 Pi3TON SLBCUe
9L£tVg 3WUN6 ON L^TMC CENTEBS
Wrinkle No. 72.
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222 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
We have been having these steel castings made in the rough
and we finish them. In the course of finishing we have found
them to be badly spotted with sand holes.
We roughed them down within Vie" ^^ finishing size and
when we put the water test on found them leaking badly and
we were at a loss to know what to do with them but decided
to use an ascetylene welding machine.
These sand spots are streaked and spongy and the blow
torch would not do a satisfactory job of welding, so we chipped
out as much of the sand as possible and welded it with a welding
machine. One of these sleeves had over forty bad spots which
were welded in and after completely welding it was foimd to be
sprung %" out of true. The question came up how to straighten
it and we had in mind the usual way which would have been
much more expensive.
In order to straighten this piston sleeve the sleeve was
swung in the lathe with the cambered side up and the welding
torch applied at the point of greatest deflection on the cambered
side, not allowing the torch to remain long enough to melt the
metal, but bringing it to a good red heat, working the torch back
and forth around the sleeve for a distance of about four inches
and just the width of the torch blaze. Then applying water to
bring the sleeve to an even temperature. This same process
was repeated on all cambered points and kinks until the sleeve
was absolutely true.
This process is directly opposite to pening and it is the
severe, instantaneous heat on one particular spot.
This is valuable information because it can be used in var-
ious mechanical work and can be applied to any hollow piston
rod or solid shafting. For instance, large diameter crank shafts
that may be sprung can be brought back true by following this
method.
This will be found valuable to any concern having much
machinery to operate, particularly, when having a machine shop
in connection. However, the most skilled part of this process
is a practical machinist who understands just where and how
long to apply the torch.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
Wrinkle No. 78.
DIPPING POT FOR SOLDERING IRONS.
J. R. GILBERT, I0I2 BOIS DARC STR., FT. WORTH, TEXAS.
DIPPING POT FOR.
30LD£K.IN6 IR^OI^S
Wrinkle No. 73.
A short piece of eight-inch pipe with cap attached makes
an indestructible dipping pot for soldering irons.
Wrinkle No, 74.
EASY METHOD OF REPLAQNG RUBBERS IN LOW PRESSURE
REGULATORS.
C. R. JONES, THE EAST OHIO GAS CO., CLEVELAND, OHIO.
This Wrinkle is valuable for regulators of 6" and up, with
side plate. It consists of an old regulator connecting stem with
the thread at bottom valve nut sawed off. A slot is cut into
stem at the position shown, a flat cross bar made to insert in
slot and a wedge driven in to hold cross bar securely. This flat
bar is notched and filed to such form at the ends, to permit them
to mesh with the guide extensions. The top of regulator is
removed in the usual manner, bottom valve nut removed, and
regular stem taken out.
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224
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Turn lower valve over. Take hold of same on bottom with
pipe wrench, allowing the wrench to brace against the side of
hole to serve as a "back-up." Place stem into valve in such a
manner that the notched bar will mesh with the guides, then
I— t*H
Wedge Keiy->^
i
PBJ! ','' \WW^I!P'KR**'****^'i
plot Croat Bar
Wrinkle No. 74.
tnd
take hold of the stem at top with pipe wrench and turn same;
thus removing guides, and allowing the replacement of the
rubber.
This Wrinkle has saved us considerable time in making
these repairs.
Wrinkle No. 75.
GASOMETER IN CONNECTION WITH REGULATOR-
CHAS. L. BULLOCK, SUPT. DISTRIBUTION, BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
In towns where a large amount of gas is used there has
been more or less trouble, when the gas is discontinued for the
night by consumers, which sticks the valve in the regulator to
such an extent that when the big demand comes on in the morn-
ing hours the consumers experience more or less low pressure,
and the gauge at the gas office will show a drop in pressure at
this time. In some instances it has been necessary for the gas
man to go out and push down on the lever of the domestic reg-
ulator. By setting this little device, which is a gasometer, put-
ting about 100 pounds of weight on the gasometer, the instant
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
225
Wrinkle No. 75.
the pressure decreases the hundred pound weight will instantly
open the valve, and makes the regulator more sensitive and stops
the fluctuations of pressure in the domestic mains.
Wrinkle No. 76.
SAFETY-FIRST METER SHUT-OFF WRENCH.
V. O. GOBLE, THE EAST OHIO GAS CO., RAVENNA, OHIO.
Provide a wrench as shown, made of J4" iron. and give one
to each consumer. This wrench to be kept at the meter at all
times to shut off the gas in case of emergency.
(^
■=:r-f
)i K i* Btfnd Iron
Ho^
METER SHUT.-OFF WRENCH
Wrinkle No. 76.
16
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NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 77.
VALVE GRINDER FOR TOBEY METERS.
J. R. GILBERT, IOI2 BOIS DARC STR., FT. WORTH, TEXAS.
Ciroutar
M'rm Bros/?
on Boardi
Wrinkle No. 79.
Wrinkle No. 77.
A piece of board covered with emery cloth and revolved by
a power attachment makes a cheap grinder for valves and valve
seats of tobey meters.
See also Wrinkle No. 79.
Wrinkle No. 78.
SUGGESTED USES FOR THE METER ORDER.
MAURICE J. ADAMS, FORT WORTH GAS CO., FORT WORTH, TEXAS.
When properly used, the original order to connect or dis-
connect a meter may be made the basis for a number of oper-
ations both in office and shop. This means a saving of a con-
siderable amount of time lost in transcribing information con-
tained on the order to other records. As records vary with
different companies and systems differ according to whether
number of consumers be many or few, no one outline can be
given to cover all cases, but some definite routine should be
worked out to fit individual needs along the line of the sugges-
tions following.
SUGGESTIVE OUTLINE.
All orders should be numbered consecutively, should con-
tain space for name, address and remarks. A column should be
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
provided on the left for meters connected and one on the right
for meters disconnected, with ruling to show number, make, and
size, as well as state of the meter. Lines at the bottom of the
order should provide space for entering folio and line in con-
sumer's ledger on which entry is made as well as folio in meter
index in which meter location is recorded. Such a form would
appear somewhat like this:
BLANK GAS COMPANY
BlankeviUe, 191... No. 13702
Connect Mrter
For
Disconnect Meter
For
Street
Street
Deposit No Amt
Connected Meter No
Disconnected Meter No
Kind
State
Date
Kind
State
Date
Fitter
Fitter
Entered Ledger, folio., line...
Entered Meter Index, folio
Entered Ledger, folio., line...
Entered Meter Index, folio
Wrinkle No. 78.
After order is filled out from application at office, it should
go to the operating department and be distributed to the various
fitters according to sections of the city covered by them. After
order is completed by the fitter it is returned to the shop. In
case any shop records are kept, this would be the proper time
to make the entries in them. If none are kept, the order is re-
turned at once to the office.
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228 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Here the orders are distributed to the clerks having charge
of the various consumers' ledgers. A street index to the ledgers
will facilitate this distribution. Entries are then made in the
ledgers and folio and line notations made on order in space pro-
vided for that purpose. In case a disconnect order is entered
for a person moving to some other address on the ledgers, the
debit or credit balance remaining should be noted on the reverse
thereof to be transferred to the new account later.
In case an addressing machine and equipment are used the
orders should then go to the clerk attending to that feature in
order that new addresses may be set up and "dead" ones be
discarded.
The orders should then be arranged in order according to
meter number and entered in the meter index. States at which
meters are set should be carefully checked against the disconnect
state at last address in order that any errors in reading the
meters may be detected. Folio of meter index should be noted
on the order in the space provided.
After being entered in the meter index, the orders should be
separated into three classes. Connect orders covering new con-
sumers should be put in one division, disconnect orders covering
consumers lost in a second, and both connects and disconnects
covering persons changing meters from one address to another
in a third.
Where meter deposits are required, they should be written
on the connect order from the application at the time the order
is first issued. These connect orders should now be arranged in
order according to folio and line of the ledgers and entered
therein. In order that all deposits may be entered, it is well to
keep a consecutive list of the deposit numbers and check each
deposit off as it is entered.
Connects and disconnects covering persons changing ad-
dresses are then sorted according to the order number. This
will bring the connect and disconnect for each party together
and they should be paired off and fastened together with some
temporary paper fastener. The debit or credit balances noted
on the reverse side of the disconnect should then be entered in
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
a journal for that purpose crediting the account in full at the
old address and debiting it at the new. This will cause all
unpaid balances to show at the current address and insure
prompt collection or "cut off" before a large bill becomes due.
In case postings to the different consumers' ledgers are kept
by separate totals, a columnar journal can be used to keep trans-
fer debits and credits in like manner.
These connects and disconnects can then be used to transfer
the deposit numbers and amounts to the new addresses in like
manner. The deposit can be ruled off at the old address and
entered on the reverse side of the disconnect order and then
checked off when entered at the new address. In case a number
of deposits are transferred at one time, it is well to arrange the
disconnects by folios and lines and rule all of them off the
ledger (making notations on the back as directed) and then
reverse all pairs so that the connect orders will appear on top
when orders can again be assorted according to connect folios
and lines and then all entries can be made at one time.
As no further transactions are necessary on the discon-
nects covering accounts lost, all three classes of orders are now
ready for final assortment according to original numbers of the
orders themselves and are then ready to be filed away for ref-
erence and audit.
Any system not containing all of the features listed above
can omit any step at itis proper place and let the order pass on
to the next step, and any having other features not mentioned
should find the proper time for their execution and insert an
additional step at that point.
To insure the orderly flow of the orders through these steps,
it is well to take a roomy drawer in some convenient desk and
divide it into partitions, labeling them according to the different
steps to be taken. As each clerk completes work taken from one
division, he places those orders in the next division ready for
another clerk. This shows how far any order has advanced at
any time regardless of sickness or absence of any clerk and
prevents omission of any step with any order.
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230 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
The above suggestions have been put into practice and their
worth proven. They can easily be modified to suit any number
of consumers and can be easily installed at practically no ex-
pense. The advantages of such a system are readily apparent
and should be passed on to others at every opportunity — hence
this brief description.
Wrinkle No. 79.
TO CLEAN HARD PAINT FROM METERS.
J. R. GILBERT, IOI2 BOIS DARC STR., FT. WORTH, TEXAS.
See Wrinkle No. yj for illustration.
A circular wire brush revolved by power makes a useful
device for cleaning hard paint from meters.
Wrinkle No. 80.
METER LEAD WRENCH.
v. A. GOBLE, THE EAST OHIO GAS CO., RAVENNA, OHIO.
This wrench prevents the damage done to brass couplings
on meter leads caused by the usual method of using a pipe
wrench.
METER LEAD WRENCH
Wrinkle No. 80.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 231
Wrinkle No. 81.
MUD MIXER.
J. J. SCHUBERT, SUPT. MUDDING DEPT., EMPIRE GAS & FUEL CO...
BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
(Drawing on page 232.)
The laws of Oklahoma require the mudding of all Gas or
Oil sands in wells either productive or nonproductive, when
drilling to lower levels than the level in which the sands are
encountered. This necessitates the saving and mixing of a shale
mud free from lime or sand grits to protect the casing from
freezing.
The apparatus as shown in the accompanying drawing is
made of 2" pipe and can be made to fit any size mud pit. I
find it best to hold the highest pressure possible on the discharge
line in order to have the mud discharge with a high velocity.
The higher the velocity of the discharge mud, the more readily
the mud-laden fluid will become properly mixed. The time
required if good shale is used will not exceed one and one-half
hours.
If it is desirable to make a larger mixer, care must be taken
not to get the total area of all the holes so much that pressure
cannot be held on the discharge line. This can be overcome by
using a 3" discharge line and decreasing the size holes.
Wrinkle No. 82.
A NEAT COMBINATION WELDED VENT.
A Vent That Dispels the Certain Objection of Property Owners as to
Having Too Many Unsightly Pipes Before Their Property.
THE EAST OHIO GAS COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO.
(See drawing on page 233.)
This vent can be made up of different combinations, that is :
Fresh air vent, 8" and foul air vent, 4" ; fresh air, 6", foul air>
3"; fresh air vent, 4", foul air, 2".
The fresh air vent is cut at the point where foul air vent
enters, and a hole cut for the foul air vent; and then welded
together after foul air vent is inserted. The foul air vent should!
extend up three (3) feet above the top of the fresh air vent-
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NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 233
i tU
— '^—
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<\\: : I "-.. . • /. •'. .' '. • ' '<': v" •• •'
Wrinkle No. 89.
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234
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Place a spider near the top of fresh air vent to hold foul air
vent in place and cover both vents with galvanized iron. This
vent will always remain plumb and rigid, thus preventing the
unsightly feature of vents leaning in opposite directions.
Wrinkle No. 83.
COMBINATION SOCKET AND GATE BOLT WRENCH.
LEN RYAN, BLACKWELL, OKLA.
This wrench combines all of the tools necessary for operat-
ing or repairing gate valves. The socket wrench (C) fits a
2}4-inch square nut which is placed on the stem of the gate.
The top end of (C) is finished square to take wrenches A and
B for use as handles. The wrenches are locked by a nut on C.
czc
D
£nd wrench ^
fit bonn€t bolts
/
ItQch^rk to
fit i6tlowiur* holts
Wrinkle No. 88.
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TWELFTH ASSUAL MEETING, 235
A is an open end wrench which will fit the bonnet bolts, and B
is a rachet wrench which will fit the follower bolts. One of
these combinations left at each gate pit would prove a time and
trouble saver in emergencies.
Wrinkle No. 84.
WELDING DRILL STEM BY OXY-ACETYLENE PROCESS.
H. O. BALLARD^ SUPT. PRODUCTION, EMPIRE GAS & FUEL CO.,
BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
The accompanying drawing shows the method of preparing
a drill stem for welding with the upper half of the stem welded.
Cut both stem and box to a wedge shape, place same in the forge
and pre-heat while welding, filling in with filler metals in excess
/Y£LD OF Drill Stem
Wrinkle No. 84.
of the size of the stem by about 20%. After both sides are filled,
the stem is put into the forge and brought nearly to a welding
heat, after which it is laid on an anvil and drawn down to its
normal size with sledges.
To make a good strong weld, the stem should be welded in
the forge, using coal oil or coke to pre-heat to a little hotter
than a cherry red. To do this, we have had to develop an
acetylene torch with water circulating around the torch which
keeps the torch perfectly cool, no matter how intense the heat.
This method of welding stems is quite a saving, not only in
time, but also money over the method of taking the stem to the
shop; especially on Wild Cat wells, where the well is some dis-
tance from any repair shop. A box or pin can be welded by
this process in three to four hours.
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236 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Wrinkle No. 85.
STUFFING BOX WRENCH.
LEO SVOBODA, THE EAST OHIO GAS CO., CLEVELAND, OHIO.
This wrench has met all requirements as a suitable tool for
the stuffing box on the flag staff of a tin meter. The concave
feature at the jaws of the wrench permit a solid grip on the nut.
Wrinkle No. 85.
Wrinkle No. 86.
COMBINED REVOLUTION COUNTER AND RECORDING
PRESSURE GAUGE.
W. C. BAXTER, METER DEPT., EMPIRE GAS & FUEL CO.,
BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
The accompanying sketch shows a method of connecting up
a meter dial to an engine shaft and a pin on a recording pressure
gauge. The driving pin on the meter dial is connected to the
engine shaft and the one thousand foot hand is connected to the
pen as shown. The pen makes a loop on the chart for every one
thousand revolutions of the engine. This device is very useful
on natural gas compressors, as it gives the revolutions of the
engine and either the intake or discharge pressure on the same
chart.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 237
COnBINED EeVOLUTION COUNTEH
MND HeCOItDlNe PB£33UIZE 6/IUGE
Wrinkle No. 86.
Wrinkle No. 87.
STRAINER FOR GAS MAINS.
F. DOOLING^ THE EAST OHIO GAS COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO.
(Drawing on page 238.)
In this case Mr. Dooling used an old gate valve body for a
strainer by covering it with a blind flange and inserting a num-
ber of removable screens. It works satisfactorily.
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238 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Blind Flange
Rerpovabte
Screens
u/wMy w-f bid volve
Wrinkle No. 87.
Wrinkle No. 88.
WELDED WELL DRIP AND WELL CONNECTION.
D. E. SHADER, FIELD SUPT., EMPIRE GAS & FUEL CO., AUGUSTA, KAN.
This drip and well connection is made up entirely by the
Oxy-Acetylene process and is adopted by the Wichita Natural
Gas. Co. as a standard type of well drip and connection in all
its fields, and is giving entire satisfaction.
The length of the reservoir depends entirely upon the con-
dition of the well. Under ordinary circumstances, we use for
the reservoir, one 20 ft. length of 6" or 8" pipe, according to the
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 239
amount of fluid being handled. In fields where large amounts
of water are to be handled, we use 40 ft. of reservoir. By using
the welding process, this drip is inexpensive to build. In in-
stalling this drip, it is flanged up to the outlet gate valve of the
well connection. The blow off being of the syphon type or a
WCLDCD OeiP AND WCLL CONNECTIONS
Wrinkle No. 9».
i" pipe inserted thru the top of the reservoir to within i" of
the bottom of the reservoir pipe. The details of construction of
this wrinkle are shown very clearly in the drawing.
Wrinkle No. 89.
METHOD OF MAKING A HANDY MAP CASE.
S. A. MCCUNE, LAND AGENT, ARKANSAS NAGURAL GAS CO.
(Drawing on page 240.)
The one illustrated will hold 15 maps.
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240 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
SecHon c^ MA'
Einf f/ercf/o/x
^
Ana^/ f/erc/yof9''
Wrinkle No. 89.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
241
Wrinkle No. 90.
TO PREVENT TIN METERS FROM RUSTING.
A. H. FRICKER, THE EAST OHIO GAS COMPANY, YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO.
It sometimes happens, regardless of company rules, that the
meter setter will place a meter too far back against basement
walls; thus causing same to rust.
pe Strap
METER BRACE
Wrinkle No. 90.
To prevent this, solder a metal strap on the back of meter,
as shown. This prevents meter from being placed against the
wall.
Wrinkle No. 91.
METER HOUSE HEATER.
H. O. BALLARD, SUPT. PRODUCTION, WICHITA NATURAL GAS CO.,
BARTLESVILLE, OKLA,
This wrinkle consists of six 8" or lo" pieces of scrap pipe
welded into the shape of an "L" with one pipe collar close to
16
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242
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
the "L" which allows the screwing apart whenever transporting
from one place to another. The vertical pipe or riser, should
be of sufficient length to extend thru the roof of the meter or
regulator house and the horizontal piece, long enough to extend
two feet outside of the side of the building where it is reduced
to 2", which can be extended to any distance from the building.
The horizontal pipe is tapped with 54" tap, i ft. or 18" outside
Wrinkle No. 91.
of the building. Four inches ahead of this tap, there should be
another Y^" hole with a plug in it. Whenever it is desired to
light the fire, this J4" plug is removed and the gas turned on
and lighted thru the hole where the plug was. After lighting,
replace the plug, so that no leaking gas can be drawn into the
hole. The heater gets its draft thru the 2" pipe which is some
distance away from the meter or regulator.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 243
Wrinkle No. 92.
A WEEKLY REPORT OF SERVICES AND METERS BY CITY
PLANT DISTRICTS.
C. W. KRAMER^ ENGINEERING DEP^T. ARKANSAS NATURAL GAS
COMPANY, LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS.
(Copy of report shown on page 244.)
This form is self-explanatory. The object of the report is
to keep the meter department in close touch with the total
ntmiber of meters owned by the company and their working
condition. The report also gives a good index to the amount
of work done in each plant, especially when the plants are sep-
arated and at a distance from meter department.
Wrinkle No. 93.
MAIN LINE DRIP.
ROSS M STUNTZ, ASST. SUPT. LINES, WICHITA NATURAL GAS CO.,
BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
(Drawing on page 245.)
The main line drip has been used by the Wichita Natural
Gas Co., and proven to be satisfactory. The entire drip is of
welded construction. The welding all being done in the field
by the Oxy-Acetylene process. A sufficient number of 2" tie-
over pipes should be installed on the inlet end to have an area
equal to the area of the main line. The same ai^lies to the num-
ber of 3" pipes on the outlet end. Each side line as well as the
main line has reservoirs underneath, which is necessary for the
reason that one side of the main line may have a different dif-
ferential to the other which would cause the fluid to flow back
into the main line if not separated.
In operating the drip, the gate valve on the main line is
closed. The gas then passing from the main line into the side
line$ thru- the 2" pipes, which baffles the gas against the side
of the side lines, and then back thru the 3" on the outlet end.
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244
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
245
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246 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Wrinkle No. H.
ORANGE PEEL BULL PLUG.
JOHN FINK, WAREHOUSE CLERK, EMPIRE GAS & FUEL COMPANY,
BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
This wrinkle was adopted by the Empire Gas & Fuel Co.
where Bull Plugs are used, and consists of a piece of scrap pipe
0R,fiN6E PEEL BULL PLU6
Wrinkle No. 94.
any desired length, cut on one end to the shape of an orange
peel, which is heated in a forge and the points or lips are bent to
the center and welded togeter, with a thread turned on opposite
end.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 247
Wrinkle No. 96.
10-INCH EXPANSION SLEEVE MADE IN KANSAS.
J. A. REMLER^ KANSAS NATURAL GAS CO.^ INDEPENDENCE^ KANSAS.
The drawing on page 248 is of a ten-inch expansion sleeve of
our own make which we have put in service on the discharge
lines at Petrolia Station.
We have experienced several blow-outs on the discharge
lines at Petrolia Station where they enter the cooler due to ex-
pansion in the cooler and this expansion sleeve has eliminated
all of this trouble.
This is not a new wrinkle, being just an expansion sleeve of
our own make, the patterns for the casting being made at our
plant, and may be of interest to the readers of this department.
The expansion at the point where this sleeve is used is about
three inches, and many times pulling the threads out of the
flange, and sometimes breaking the flange or pulling the threads
out of a valve connection.
The stuffing box on this sleeve is packed with a high grade
woven asbestos.
Wrinkle No. 96.
IMPROVED REGULATOR.
G. T. SPETTIGUe/ oil CITY, PA.
(See drawing on page 249.)
A gasometer is the most sensitive gas regulator known for
reducing natural gas from high pressure to low pressure for
domestice service.
A gasometer valve has no rubber seat to be cut by any
sandy or oily substance in passage, nor will freezing affect it.
One valve has been in use in Oil City since 1883 without
repair.
There are ten gasometers in Oil City which have been in
use since 1883 and 1885 and have required no repairs after
thirty-two years of continuous service.
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248
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
SAt/S£ CH/IIN
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Wrinkle No. 96.
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250 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 97.
COMBINATION GAS GAUGE AND SIGNAL BELL.
G. C. TUCKER, THE EAST OHIO GAS CO., MASSILLON, OHIO.
(Drawing on page 251.)
This wrinkle was submitted by Mr. Tucker, who has used
it for years, but it may be new to others.
Solder a piece of No. 14 bare copper wire to end of goose-
neck marked "A." Cut wire off so that when goose neck is in
place and fastened to the "U" tube the wire will stop at a point
just short of .2 below zero; this will equal 3 ounces. Then drill
two Vi«" holes in the vent cap ; one on each side of the vent hole.
Take two No. 18 insulated copper wires, clean insulation
from No. 2 wire for 3^" and from No. 3 wire for i". Shove
wires down through the Vie" holes until No. 2 wire is .8 above
zero and No. 3 wire is about .8 below zero. Fasten these two
wires in this position with a drop of sealing wax on each wire
at "B". Run No. i wire from thumb nut of gauge to one of the
binding posts on the electric bell.
Scrape off the insulation and fasten No. 2 wire to No. i
wire at any convenient point. Run No. 3 wire through the bat-
tery and switch, as shown, to the other binding post on the bell.
If pressure drops to 3 ounces or goes up to 13 ounces, this
little joker is on the job to let you know all about it.
Wrinkle No. 98.
METHOD TO PREVENT TIPPING OF METER, THEREBY
ELIMINATING USE OF UN-METERED GAS.
G. C. REED, TELEPHONE FOREMAN AND METER INSPECTOR, LONE
STAR GAS CO., FORT WORTH, TEXAS.
• (Drawing only, see page 252.)
Wrinkle No. 99.
FIRE EXTINGUISHING GAS HOOD FOR BURNING GAS WELLS.
H. O. BALLARD, SUPT. PRODUCTION, WICHITA NATURAL GAS CO.,
BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
The accompanying drawing shows a steel hood adopted by
the Wichita Natural Gas Co. for extinguishing gas well fires.
The wrinkle consists of a welded steel hood made out of 5^"
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 251
Wrinkle No. 97.
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252 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
i^
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
253
steel plate, 9 ft. high by 8 ft. at the mouth and 4>^ ft. wide, with
a 16" gate flanged at the top and two 12" side gates about 3 ft.
from the bottom extending from each side. Extending from the
16" gate, a joint of 16" pipe is used, or more according to the
size of the fire. The 12" side gates allow the laying of two 12"
side lines from the hood to any distance desired, which allows
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Wrinkle No. 99.
the side gates to be open and the 16" gate on top of the hood
dosed, which forces the gas and fire any distance desired from
the well.
After the gas is forced thru the 12" side gate, the 16" gate
at the top 18 opened and the 12" side gates closed. After the
hood is in position beside the well, it can be raised in 15 seconds
with the aid of automibile trucks or teams.
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254 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
The method of raising is by the use of two shear poles 20
ft. high, welded in the shape of a triangle which raises the two
front guy wires 20 ft. from the ground which gives an angle
sufficient to make the raising of the hood very easy. In con-
nection with the hood, we use two steel shields 8' x 20' mounted
on wheels which can be wheeled into position around the burn-
ing well and protect the men from the heat while doing any
necessary work.
Wrinkle No. 100.
MAGNETIC-AIR-WHISTLE, FOR TELEPHONE ALARM, FOR
USE IN GAS COMPRESSING STATIONS.
W. E. NESTER^ ENGINEER THE MANUFACTURERS' LIGHT A HEAT CO.,
WAYNESBURG, PA.
Considerable difficulty is at times experienced by the City
Office and Pressure Stations in securing telephone connections
with the Compressing Stations, on account of the noise in the
engine room.
Gongs are objectionable in the compressor building on
account of the ever present danger from the spark which they
make while ringing. Klaxon Horns, while an improvement over
the gongs are not reliable, due to the commutator becoming
rough from frequent use, or brushes sticking, failing to operate
successfully. And while they are usually encased, they are not
entirely gas proof.
The accompanying sketch shows the general arrangement
of a very dependable alarm which the writer constructed to over-
come the objections of the Gong and Klaxon.
Taking a discarded electro-magnet (i) that was formerly
used for operating a revolution counter on the compressor en-
gines, we mounted it on a piece of i" oak board 10" x 16" and
directly below mounted a standard }i" whistle valve (6) one
end of which was connected with the air supply used for start-
ing the Compressor engines, the other being connected to a line
running to a lyi" chime whistle (7) mounted on the gauge
board.
Lever (5) on the whistle valve, and arm (3) of the electro-
magnet were connected by rod (4).
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
255
^m )
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256 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Electrical connections were then made from the electro
magnet (i) to the batteries (9) and telephone relay (8) current
is taken from the storage batteries used for ignition on the
Compressor Engines.
When the telephone rings the relay closes the circuit be-
tween the batteries and electro-magnet, magnetizing the iron
core with the latter, causing the steel plate to be drawn in, and
raising arm (3) which in turn lifts lever (5) and opens whistle
valve (6) allowing air to pass from storage tank to •whistle.
If carefully constructed this device will be found to be a
very dependable alarm, as there are no adjustments to make
after it is installed, no danger from electric spark, and the whis-
tle responds almost instantly to each ring of the telephone bell.
The chime whistle makes a pleasing sound that can be heard
at any point in or near the station, regardless of the noise in the
engine room, and there is no misunderstanding the number of
rings on the phone, as the alarm is distinctly sounded at each
ring of the bell.
The Electro-magnet and whistle valve can be mounted at
any convenient place, and the whistle placed on the gauge board
if desired, but quicker response at the whistle will result if they
are kept near each other, on account of the time intervening
between the opening of the valve and air reaching the whistle.
Wrinkle No. 101.
RUBBER JOINT LEAK CLAMP.
R. B. LLOYD, SUPT. LINES. H. O. BALLARD, SUPT. PRODUCTION,
WICHITA NATURAL GAS CO., BARTLESVILLK, OKLA.
Owing to the fact that the emergency sleeve commonly used
for high pressure gas lines is so expensive and heavy to handle,
this wrinkle was devised to take the place of the ordinary emer-
gency sleeve. The clamp is of such light construction that one
man can easily handle and repair a leak without extra labor.
The material used consists of two sets of followers, either Day-
ton or Dresser, which have been sawed in half with one set of
followers turned out to the outside diameter of the center ring.
The other set, the same size as the outside diameter of the pipe.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
257
17
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258 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
All rings are made to join together in the same manner as collar
leak clamps are joined, asing rubber as with common coUar leak
clamps.
To install with pressure on the line, we use three two-jaw
clamps which fit from outside to outside of the old coupling
and allow the removing of the original coupling bolts and holds
the followers in place while putting on the repair clamp. The
clamp is put on with short bolts, extending from one inside fol-
lower to the outside. When installed, leaving no truss bolts as
used in the original coupling.
Wrinkle No. 108.
TO DRAIN WATER FROM LINE.
CORWIN ANDREWS, AGENT, THE OHIO FUEL SUPPLY COMPANY,
BALTIMORE, OHIO.
The drawing shown is of an appliance used to drain water
from the line. This is not original with me, but I have used it
2" Line |S
(^-^'aW ^IH^^ — -^xW ^
A Vs All thread nipple
B.l-rx 3/5 bushing
C 1-2x1" saddle
Wrinkle No. 102.
with considerable success. It can be screwed into top of service
line and the gas pressure will lift the water through the }i
all thread nipple.
Wrinkle No. 103.
GAS BURNERS THAT PERMIT BURNING OF OTHER FUEL,
EDWIN C. MERRILL^ GAS ENGINEER, PITTSBURGH, PA.
I am sending you for publication drawing of furnace used
under steam boiler.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 259
f
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260 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
This construction admits of refuse or wood being burned
when gas is short, and if used as here shown does not destroy
the economy of the fuels with excess of air thru the bars.
The life of this equipment is about ten years as we have
made renewals for parties who continue to use same after that
length of time.
It is sent you as a valuable asset to any gas company wish-
ing to install equipment that will assist in holding a customer
thru a shortage.
Wrinkle No. 104.
HYDROMETER FOR TAKING THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF
MUD-LADE FLUID.
J. R. STEWART, DOHERTY CADET, WICHITA NATURAL GAS CO.,
BARTLESVILLE, OKLA.
The apparatus contains a calibrated brass tube and meas-
uring cup as shown in the accompanying drawing. The measur-
ing cup holds just enough water to make the hydrometer sink
to the point marked i.oo on calibrated scale as shown on draw-
ing when placed in a barrel of water; placing one and one-half
Wrinkle No. 104.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
cups of water in, hydrometer will sink to the point marked 1.50
dividing this distance into fifty equal parts gives gravity read-
ings in i/ioo above i.oo.
ft
\
BtfJ— «?H
-ff— H
JL.„^
Wrinkle No. 104.
To take the specific gravity of mud-laden fluid place one
cup of mud-laden fluid in hydrometer and where hydrometer
sinks above i.oo will be the specific gravity of the mud-laden
fluid.
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262 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
The laws of Oklahoma, state that the proper mixture to be
used in mudding off small oil and gas pays encountered while
drilling and are not desirable to be shut in for immediate use
should range from 15 to 25% mud and not less than 15% mud
shall be used.
I have some curves that show the percent mud correspond-
ing to various gravities and with shale taken from the various
fields. The accompanying curve is for the Garfield county field
in Oklahoma. We find it much better to use from 40 to 60%
mud instead of 15 to 25% mud as specified by the state of
Oklahoma.
Wrinkle No. 105.
LEAVE SECTIONS OF PAVEMENT TO PREVENT CAVE-IN.
JAMES J. CUMMINS, THE OHIO FUEL SUPPLY CO., COLUMBUS, OHIO.
In digging a trench on paved streets or well packed macadam
roads, it is a good practice to leave sections of the paving, or
Wrinkle No. 105.
macadam, every ten or twelve feet, as shown in the sketch.
These sections need only be a foot or so wide and the
earth may be removed beneath them. These little sections thus
left help to prevent a cave-in and they also give the old road
level when putting in the pavement patch, after the fill-in.
Wrinkle No. 106.
INTERIOR FIREPLACE DESIGN.
F. R. HUTCHINSON, SALES MANAGER, THE GAS APPLIANCE COM-
PANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO.
Many complaints are reported to gas companies because of
improper construction of fireplaces and flue outlets, causing
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
products of combustion to escape in rooms where grates or logs
are used.
Architects seldom, if ever, specify how fireplace interiors
and flue outlets should be constructed.
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Wrinkle No. 106.
-pfmi ¥t*¥t
One way of overcoming, at least in a measure, complaints
of his kind would be to have fireplace interiors built as illustrated.
First, depth should be about as indicated on drawing, with
straight sides.
Front of top, roof or ceiling should be lower than rear to
provide a canopy shaped roof to retain and convey smoke or
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264 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
products of combustion, where wood, coal or gas is employed,
to flue outlet.
Flue outlet made large, with damper for regulation to care
for any fuel used.
Opening leading to flue should be made at an angle as
shown, so products of combustion can freely pass to chimney.
Two sets of drawings made one illustrating flue above cen-
ter of fireplace opening, the other at rear.
I would suggest, and recommend, that the Association adopt
this as a "standard fireplace interior" and have it printed in large
quantities, sold to gas companies at cost and distributed by them
without charge to every architect and builder in every city where
natural gas is sold.
Wrinkle No. 107.
PASTE INFORMATION RIGHT ON METER.
THOMAS E. BALKIN, IROQUOIS NATURAL GAS CO., BUFFALO, N. Y.
Having often observed the number of consumers of natural
gas who call at the office or write requesting a re-reading of
their meter, which they believe has been read wrong for the
monthly bill, and also, having noted how few of the users of
natural gas know how to read a meter, I am prompted to offer
the following "wrinkle", which I trust will meet with your
approval.
Shown herewith is a sheet of instructions on how to read
a gas meter and how to determine whether or not the house
piping is leaking. Why would it not be a good idea to paste
a sheet similar to this in a conspicuous place on all the meters
on a plant, so that a consumer attempting to read his meter
would not be at a loss on how to read same and could readily
verify the state of his monthly bill. At the same time if he
felt that there was something wrong, he could make a test of
his own house piping to determine whether or not same was
leaking.
This scheme, I figure, would work better than any circulars
passed among the consumers with this information, since such
circulars are mislaid or lost, and as a result the consumer is
obliged to call at the office or write requesting a re-reading and
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
265
a test of the house piping. In the scheme above mentioned, the
instructions are always where they may be found, and I think
the plan would do away with much extra work along this line.
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READING THE METER.
It is advisable that all gas consumers understand the reading of
their gas meter. It affords a way to determine whether or not there
is a leakage of gas in the pipes or fittings. The meter also is a means
of verifying monthly gas statements.
Dial "A" (as indicated by illustration above) reads "6," because
it has not yet reached *7." Dial "B" reads "7" for a like reason, and
dial "C reads **7." Put down these figures, namely 677, and add
two ciphers, because the lowest, or "C dial, represents hundreds. Thus
you have 67,700 cubic feet Subtract from this the figures of last
month's reading, say 65,000, and you have what you must now pay for,
2,700 cubic feet. It's very simple. Try it.
To determine whether there are any gas leaks, turn off all the
gas stoves, lights and other appliances in the building where gas is
used, then watch the hand on the ten foot dial of the meter for half
an hour. If the hand has moved at the end of this period, it would
then indicate that gas was leaking. In such event, inspect all valves
and fittings, and if a leak is found repair at once. Leaking gas is
dangerous and expensive.
Wrinkle No. 108.
THE AUTOMATIC MULTIPLYING DEVICE.
H. G. MATHENY, THE LOGAN NATURAL GAS & FUEL CO.,
LANCASTER, OHIO.
This device is especially designed for figuring Pilot Tube
extensions, or other work where we have a fixed multiplier.
This simple device has been used very efficiently in the office of
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266
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. • 267
The Logan Natural Gas & Fuel Company, at Lancaster, Ohio,
for several months.
Figure I shows the device arranged for the co-efl&cient of
a certain Pilot tube which is "34176" figuring the equivalent
in cubic feet of 7,529,099 inches, which would require the fol-
lowing problem by multiplication:
7,529,099-
34176
By the means of this device we merely turn the rollers to where
the marginal figures appearing represent the inches to be figured
as follows:
The I St roller (L. Fig. i) represents what i to 9 inches
equal — in this instance "9"
The 2nd roller (M. Fig. i) represents what 10 to 90 inches
equal — in this instance "90"
The 3rd roller (N. Fig. i) represents what 100 to 900
inches equal — in this instance "o'*
The 4th roller (O. Fig. i )■ represents what 1000 to 9000
inches equal — in this instance "9000"
The 5th roller (P. Fig. i) represents what loooo to 90000
inches equal — in this instance "20000"
The 6th roller (Q. Fig. i) represents what 100,000 to
900,000 inches equal — in this instance "500,000"
The 7th roller (R. Fig. i) represents what 1,000,000 to
9,000,000 inches equal — in this instance "7,000,000" Then add.
Material and Construction,
A — I and 2 — End pieces — 2 boards i^"x3"x J4 thick.
. B— Bottom piece i board 2j4" x 8j4" x %" thick.
C— Side piece— I board I^"x8j^"xj4" thick, with %"
holes bored through.
D — Side piece — i board same size as "C" but with holes
bored nearly through.
E, F, etc.— Wood rollers 2— Ji" x ^" diameter (made of
Ji" curtain poles.)
K. (Fig. i) Tracking cloth — 3^x9", ruled for comas and
decimal points, and strips cut out over each roller.
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268 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
L — Strips of paper 2"x3'', ruled for comas and decimal
points (See S. T. and V, Fig. i), also (See Fig. 3), also see
"Roller Slips".
M — Screw Eyes to hold rollers in place and to enable oper-
ator to turn the rollers to desired position.
Roller Slips.
The paper for roller "E" should be made up as follows:
Place figures i to 9, at even intervals, on the margin, leaving
J4" space at the top for aid in gluing to roller. Opposite the
figure I should the multiplier, opposite the 2 twice the multiplier,
opposite the "3" three times the multiplier, etc., down to o (See
Figure No. 3.)
The paper slip for "F" should be the same, except to point
off one less decimal, or add one cipher as the case may require,
but keep the decimal point in a perpendicular line with "E."
The remaining rollers are treated the same, pointing off one
less decimal, or affixing one more cipher. Study the 9s appear-
ing in figure i.
Wrinkle No. 109.
IT PAYS TO TEST THE ROCK PRESSURE.
DAVID WHITE, HOPE NATURAL GAS COMPANY, SMITHVILLE, W. VA.
I find that it pays to test the rock pressure of drilling wells.
The following is a report of one well that I was in charge of
for the Hope Natural Gas Co.:
The 6^" casing was run in the Big Lime ; a very nice flow
of gas was struck in the Thirty Foot sand with a rock pressure
of 130 pounds. Drilling was continued, 5 3/16 casing run in
the Garden Stray bringing the Thirty Foot gas between the 6^
and 5 3/16" casing, drilling was continued and another flow of
gas was struck in the Gordon sand; i hour rock pressure 825
pounds. The well was then drilled to the Fourth sand and an-
other nice flow of gas was struck. Shutting the Gordon sand
gas and the Fourth sand gas in the 5 3/16" casing the rock pres-
sure did not exceed 90 pounds. Ran 3" tubing and set packer
between Gordon and Fourth sand gas. The rock pressure of
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
the Fourth sand in the 3" tubing was only 90 pounds and the
rock pressure of the Gordon sand in the 5 3/16" casing was
875 pounds.
Wrinkle No. 110.
WRENCH FOR TAKING PIPE OUT OF DITCH.
JAMES p. STRICKLER, COLUMBUS GAS & FUEL CO., COLUMBUS, OHIO.
This is old to me, so much so that I hesitate about sending
it, it may, however, be of some help to some of the boys who
have not employed it.
Use a piece of either 4 or 6 inch pipe about lo or 12 feet
long, enough to cross your ditch and give you a good-bearing
on both banks, two pair of pipe tongs and a good manilla rope
Wrinkle No. 110.
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270
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
MEHCURy DIFFEREHTIAL OAUCft
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Wrinkle No. 111.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 271
about lyi inches in diameter; make loop in one end and slip
the r<q)e around the pipe; put the rope under the pipe in ditch
and then roll around your pipe above ditch three or four times ;
use three men, one each to man the tongs and one to hold the
loose end of the rope. You can lift almost any size pipe out
of the ditch with blocks of wood under your pipe sufficiently
high enough so that you can put bart under the pipe above the
ditch. This is a much quicker way to raise pipe than with a
gin pole and horse and can be worked with much fewer men.
Wrinkle No. 111.
MERCURY DIFFERENTIAL GAUGE.
JAMES P. STRICKLER, COLUMBUS GAS & FUEL CO., COLUMBUS, OHIO.
(Drawing on page 270.)
The above Mercury differential gauge is a home-made affair
and can be made entirely out of pipe and pipe fittings, excepting
the housings for shaft i6 and 23 referred to in drawing. This
housing can be made out of any material, brass or iron, and
is screwed to the one inch tee No. 14 in the drawing. Record-
ing gauge can be attached by putting the whole instrument on a
board and having a chart scale to suit the user. This gauge
will give absolutely correct reading of the differential pressure
and can be made any length the user may desire.
Wrinkle No. 112.
AUTOMATIC ORIFICE METER CONTROL.
T. H. KERR, ENGINEER, THE OHIO FUEL SUPPLY CO., COLUMBUS, O.
An Orifice Meter consists of a plate with a circular hole or
orifice in the center, so placed in a pipe line that the fluid (gas,
air, steam, oil, or water), to be measured must pass through it,
with suitable instruments for indicating or recording the pres-
sure through the orifice.
An Orifice having a diameter of J4 of the pipe diameter
or less offers considerable resistance to the flow of fluid, which
is apparent by the drop in pressure between the two slides of the
Orifice. This drop in pressure is called the differential pressure.
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272 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
It may be measured in pounds, inches of mercury or inches of
water pressure. In the natural gas industry it is almost univer-
sally measured in inches of water.
This differential pressure bears a known relation to the
velocity of the flowing gas, hence from the measured differential
pressure can be computed the velocity and quantity of the gas
passing through the orifice.
The relation of the velocity of flow through the orifice to
the differential pressure is found in the law of falling bodies
where the velocity of the falling body in feet per second «=
V2gh, where g-« the acceleration due to gravity or 32.17 ft.
per second and h ■= the height in feet from which the body fell.
From this law it has been mathematically proven and demon-
strated by experiment that for gas flowing through an orifice,
or similar meter, the velocity in feet per second =— V2gx62.3xH
where 12W
62.3 «= weight per cu. ft. of water.
H = differential pressure in inches of water.
W = weight per cu ft. of gas.
Wrinkle No. 112. (Fig. 3B.)
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 273
Wrinkle No. 112. (Fig. 3A.)
From the above reasoning it is evident that the velocity
varies as the square root of the differential pressure or the
differential pressure varies as the square of the velocity.
Having a recording instrument of any fixed size for the
purpose of recording the differential pressure it is desirable to
limit the operation of the meter so that the record occupies but
75% or even less of the available space. With instruments
capable of recording pressures of o to lOO inches, which are
commonly used, it is desirable to keep the record between lO and
70 inches. This limiting of the record space directly affects the
range of volume of the meter.
Frequently where gas is measured for city consumption the
range of flow varies from one to twelve with different sea-
sons of the year. To affect such a measurement with orifice
meters it is necessary to have a number of meters and provide
means of turning them on and off in conformity with the
changes of flow. This is ordinarily performed by attendants
but to avoid this expense the differential relief valve described
18
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274 XATl'RAL CAS ASSOCIATIOX OI- AMERICA.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 275
herewith was developed. A cut showing the detail section of the
valve is shown in Fig. 3A. The general appearance is shown in
Fig. 3-B.
This valve is of the positive opening type controlled by gas
pressure which is in turn controlled by the balancing of forces
between a differential diaphragm and weighed lever. The
motion from the weighted lever is transmitted to a pair of pilot
valves, one of which admits gas to the main valve diaphragm
opening the main valve. The other valve is an exhaust valve
for the same chamber.
The differential relief valve is placed in the line embodying
the second or other additional meters and so connected with the
first meter that it is controlled by the volume of gas flowing
through it. viz. differential pressure. When the differential pres-
sure on the first meter reaches a predetermined maximum, the
weighted lever is unbalanced causing the inlet pilot valve to open.
This admits pressure to the top of the main valve diapragm and
opens the main valve. The second meter is thereby put into
operation, and the increased orifice area decreases the differential
pressure on the two meters. The two continue to operate until
the volume increases to such an extent that the differential pres-
sure again reaches the maximum. A third meter is turned on in
the same manner as before. If, however, the volume should de-
crease, the automatically controlled meters are shut off in reverse
rotation, leaving the pilot meter only in service.
Two charts. Figs i and 2 show a 24-hour record of a two-
meter installation for such automatic control. It will be noted
that the second meter shut off at 9:05 P. M. when the dif-
ferential pressure decreased to 27". It was turned on again
in the morning at 6:25 A. M. when the pilot differential pres-
sure reached 61". Chart Fig. i shows meter record of pilot
meter and Fig. 2 shows chart from the automatically controlled
meter. Superimposed upon F'ig. i chart is a dotted line corre-
spending to the record of Fig. 2.
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27(5 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 113.
Wrinkle No. 114.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 277
Wrinkle No. 113.
METER CAGE VISE.
J. H. SCHALEK, MFRS. LIGHT & HEAT CO., PITTSBURGH, PA.
(Drawing on page 276.)
Some meter cages are made of so soft a material which
allows the bearing to wear rapidly, making it impossible to re-
place same in a properly repaired meter without rebushing same
or substituting a new cage. To remove the cage the valve pin
must also be taken out and it is often a problem for contortion-
ists to effect this and keep cool. The vise as illustrated is
easily made and will hold the cage in the proper position so that
a few light taps on a punch will readily drive out the valve pin.
Wrinkle No. 114.
ONE MAN CAN REMOVE DIAPHRAGM TOP.
JOHN W. LEHEW, THE OHIO FUEL SUPPLY CO., MT. VERNON, OHIO.
(Drawing on page 276.)
Make three bolt heads into hooks, for connecting chain
tripod, so that diaphragm top can be removed by one man, and
regulator can be repaired without injury to the steel stem. By
using a chain hoist, )4 ton, making tripod long enough for all
sized tops.
Wrinkle No. 115.
STANDARD METER SETTING.
W. A. ASHLEY, SUPT. THE LOGAN NATURAL GAS & FUEL CO.,
CHILLICOTHE, OHIO.
The object of this drawing is to make a standard for meter
setting. A copy of which would be furnished to each fitter,
who is doing this kind of work. By following the outlines spec-
ified you can connect the following sizes of meters:
3 — Light)
5- " )
lo— " )
20— " )
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278
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OP AMERICA.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
279
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280 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
By reversing the risor from left to right you can set a
Tobey or Westinghouse meter by making a few minor changes
of fittings.
This would be a great saving to the gas companies in labor
and material and would be a help to the fitter as well as to the
party who makes the inspection.
Wrinkle No. 116.
MAKING A 15 BANK ADDING MACHINE INTO ONE OF SIX
BANKS.
C. C. PHILLIPS, THE OHIO FUEL SUPPLY CO., COLUMBUS, OHIO.
One of our adding machines is a 15-bank machine. The
greater part of our straight addition is made up of numbers of
five and six digits. To increase speed and decrease confusion,
we have had a cover made for the first nine columns of this
machine which can be put on or removed in a second and which
Wrinkle No. 116.
practically changes the bulky 15-bank machine to a small one
of six columns. The cover is used as a shelf upon which the
work is held while operating the machine, thus bringing the work
close to the keyboard. When addition of larger numbers is
desired, or when multiplying, the cover is set aside.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
281
Wrinkle No. 117.
MOISTURE-PROOF CONTAINER FOR RECORDING GAUGE
CHARTS.
J. H. SCHALER, MFRS. LIGHT & HEAT CO., PITTSBURGH, PA.
Recording gauge charts should be kept dry. Moisture has
a tendency to make the ink "crawl" and blur due to the swelling
of the sizing and the capillary attraction of the ink in the mois-
tened fibers of the paper. The container shown in drawing is a
/1ofJTu/ra pRoor CcrtTAi/i£f^.
Wrinkle No. 117.
remedy for this trouble and may be constructed of i6-gauge
sheet iron, terne or galvanized. A rubber gasket on the bottom
edge and one under the wing nut will make this an ideal con-
tainer for gauge charts for use in regulator pits or other places
where water and moisture is excessive.
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282
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 118.
STAMP THE NUMBER OF FEET OF PIPE IN EACH SERVICE.
W. A. ASHLEY, SUPT. THE LOGAN NATURAL GAS & FUEL CO.,
CHILLICOTHE, OHIO.
This drawing shows a curb box top with a button made of
brass attached thereto. On this button is stenciled the number
of feet of pipe put in any given service.
Wrinkle No. 118.
The number of feet of pipe is placed on this button by the
fitter when he cuts out the pipe for the service.
The object of which enables you to find the exact location
of the main line should you have an occasion to locate the same.
It would also be a great benefit in locating fittings on intersec-
tions of the different streets which is a great help in making an
inventory of a plant.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
283
Wrinkle No. 119.
PRECAUTION NECESSARY IN CITIES WHERE TWO GAS
COMPANIES ARE IN OPPOSITION TO
ONE ANOTHER.
W. B. DAVIES^ UNITED GAS CO., ST. CATHARINES, ONTARIO, CANADA.
Sketch shows lay out of natural gas meter A and artificial
meter B. On account of the low pressure of both during the
cold weather, owner of building tried to use both simultaneously
and found to his sorrow that the gas from the natural gas sys-
Wrinkle No. 119.
tem passed through the artificial meter and into the artificial
line, a very liberal policy on the owner's part for his bill with
the natural gas company had increased 200% greater than his
usual monthly statement.
Where such conditions exist, advise consumers not to oper-
ate these two gases simultaneously.
Wrinkle No. 120.
•'IMPROVED DISC FOR GATE VALVES."
H. P. ZIESCHANG, THE OHIO FUEL SUPPLY CO., COLUMBUS, OHIO.
The cut shows a gate valve in which the disc '*A'* carries
a rubber ring "B" held in place by a follower ring "C". The
rubber ring is to be made from some of the compositions whi^-h
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284
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
(g^
/7^./
/Tj? e
Wrinkle No. 120.
have been so successful as gaskets for pipe line couplers, such
as Paranite C or Goodrich 19. The compressibility of this rub-
ber will make it possible to obtain tight closing of the gate even
under bad conditions of grit, etc.
To prevent the sliding of the rubber ring over the seat face
the wedge arrangement is to be of the type in which the closing
movement is along the axis of the pipe.
Wrinkle No. 121.
TABLE SHOWING THE ACCURACY OF A GAS METER ON
VERY LIGHT PRESSURES.
W. B. DAVIES, UNITED GAS CO., ST. CATHARINES, ONTARIO, CANADA.
I have seen many men in connection with local distribution
offices who were absolutely ignorant and some rather skeptical
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
285
regarding the accuracy of the gas meter on low pressure gas,
consequently I have compiled this table showing the various
pressures in inches of water and ounces, the percentage of error
for these various pressures and the time for the meter to pass
ID cu. ft. under these various pressures.
The meter tested was a Sprague meter with i" outlet and
the two tests consisted of one with full opening and the other
with J4 opening.
For a pressure of 0.3 ounce in both cases, the meter was
1.52% slow and fast above this pressure with little deviation as
to the actual percentage.
The column showing the duration of time in minutes and
seconds for 10 cu. ft. to pass through the meter is very inter-
esting.
Pressure
Inch
Water
Pressure
Oz.
Quantity
Meter
Quantity
Tank
Per Cent
Error
Time to
Pass 10
Cu. Ft. Gas
Outlet 1" Opening
0.5"
0.8
10.00 cu. ft.
9.85 cu. ft.
+1.52
6'— 30"
1.25"
0.73
110.00 "
10.08 "
-0.79
3'— 40"
1.75"
1.08
110.00 "
10.09 "
-0.89
2'-40"
2.375"
1.39
10.00 "
10.06 "
-0.60
2'— 20"
2.875"
1.69
110.00
10. 0<) "
—0.60
2'-05"
3.375
2.00
110.00
10.09 "
—0.89
r— .55"
4.000
2.30
110.00 "
10.09 "
—0.89
l'--45"
5.200
3.00
10.00 "
10.14 "
—1.38
1'— 35"
Outlet }" Opening
0.5"
1 0.8
I
10.00 cu.
1
ft.l 9.85 cu. ft.
4-1. .•>2
9'— 05"
1.25"
0.73
110.00
* 110.08
—0.79
5'— 20"
1.75"
1.03
10.00
' 10.13 "
—1.28
4'-03''
2.375"
1.39
110.00
' 10.14 "
-1.38
3'— 35"
2.875
1.69
110.00
' 110.16 "
-1.57
3'— 15"
3.375
2.00
10.00
' '10.15
—1.48
8'— 03"
4.000
2.30
110.00
* '10.18
-1.28
2'— 50"
5.200
3.00
'10.00
1
' 110.16 "
1
—1.57
2'— 30"
Wrinkle No. 121.
W. B. P.
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286
NATl'RAL GAS ASSOCIATIOX OF AMERICA.
The information given in this table is absolutely essential
to all employees of companies, who have the gas shortage con-
dition confronting them during severe weather.
Wrinkle No. 122.
METHOD OF DETECTING LEAKING "DEAD-WEIGHT"
SAFETY VALVES WHILE IN SERVICE.
J. H. SCHALEK, MFRS. LIGHT & HEAT CO., PITTSBURGH, PA.
Much gas is lost by leakage of dead weight safety valves
and a method or means of knowing when these valves need
Wrinkle No. 122.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 287
regrinding is of great importance. Some reclaimed valves have
been found leaking at the rate of ten cubic feet per hour. As
shown in the drawing, the vent pipe has the added equipment of
two nipples, one-quarter inch outlet tee, and a stop. When test-
ing for leakage through the safety valve a 6" "U" gauge is
screwed to the tee and the stop closed. Any leakage will then
be indicated by the difference in the water levels of the "U"
gauge. The cost of the extra fittings will be repaid in less than
a year's time in gas saved. The regulator man, carrying with
him a 6" gauge, can test a valve in about five minutes.
Wrinkle No. 123,
RULE FOR MEASURING PIPE WHEN PILED.
A. L. SCHNEIDER, PITTSBURGH & WEST VIRGINIA GAS COMPANY,
CLARKSBURG, W. VA.
The photograph shows a steel folding rule for measuring
casing, pipe or tubing, especially when piled where it would
require two or three men to tear down and repile in order to
get a correct measurement. With this rule one man can measure
in half the time that it would take two or three men to do.
It comprises six sections, each four feet two and a half
inches long, rivited together so that when extended one section
will overlap the other two and a half inches, permitting a bolt
to be put through to keep the rule from folding when in use.
They are fastened with the screw-driver wrench as seen in the
picture. The end to go through the joint has a pin one inch
long and a quarter of an inch thick riveted on, projecting on
the blank side of the rule. When measuring casing the rule is
put inside the joint, pin end forward and pushed through joint
until the pin is out of the other end, then pulled back slightly
until the pin stops against the end of the joint.
Commencing at fifteen feet from the pin, the rule is grad-
uated in half and inch lines marked with a file, then stamped
with small figures at the inch marks and larger figures designat-
ing the feet. This of course is on the upper side, the pin pro-
jecting from the lower side. The wheel is to allow the end to
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288 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATIOX OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 123.
travel over the ground as it is withdrawn from the joint after
being measured.
Material required to make this rule:
24 feet yi" X 1" Iron or Steel
5 }i"xy2" Stove Bolts
6 i4"x>S" Rivets
2 >4"x2" Rivets
I 'A^xf Wheel
I Screwdriver-wrench.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
289
Wrinkle No. 124.
THIS SWAB DOES THE WORK AND SAVES MONEY.
A. E. BOYD, DISTRICT SUPT. THE OHIO FUEL SUPPLY COMPANY,
ASHLAND, OHIO.
This sketch shows a new swab gotten up by us. Sketch
shows swab in operation going down in tubing and also coming
out.
This is a simple arrangement made from >^" round iron
about one foot long with an eye made in top end for wire line
to fasten into. The lower end of iron is threaded for about
THIS SHOWS
SWAB
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,NUT WITH EYE
12
Wrinkle No. 124.
three inches, with a common nut screwed on first, then we have
another nut tapped out and made in the shape of an eye. A
round piece of J4" leather and a piece of ^" belting is phiced
between these nuts. The belting under and the leather on tO])
are shown in sketch. The eye nut on bottom serves two pur-
poses ; the one purpose for attaching weight and the other is
19
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2JM)
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
when you want to place new rubbers and leathers, all that is
necessary to do is unscrew it.
We had a great deal of trouble in getting something to take
the place of soft rope swabs which the well men insisted on
using. They insisted they could not swab a light well with a
common leather swab, but we found these swabs will clean a
very light well and it is saving the company a lot of extra ex-
pense by eliminating the fishing jobs w^hich were caused by
using rope swabs, because they would get fast and the swab line
would be broken causing a fishing job. We have not had a
single bad job with these swabs as yet and are able to keep wells
in better shape.
s Wrinkle No. 125.
TEMPORARY METHOD OF STOPPING LEAKS.
C. C. ROBERT, SUPT. SOUTHERN ONT.ARIO CAS CO., ONTARIO, CANADA.
Line walkers in making their rounds often discover small
leaks, which they are unable to fix because of their inability to
carry tools and fittings, consequently can prevent temporarily
loss of gas by the following method until they return with
necessary equipment.
Wrinkle No. 125.
A — represents the hole in pipe over which is placed a piece
of rag or rubber.
B — may be a piece of wire, rag, rope, wrapped around pipe
and stick.
D — a piece of wood or stick.
C — a small rock.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
291
By forcing rock ''C" towards point "A" under the stick the
pressure at "A" can be made great enough to compress the rag
over the hole sufficiently to prevent loss of gas.
Wrinkle No. 126.
APPARATUS FOR THE ACCURATE DETERMINATION OF
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF GASES.
T. H. KERR^ ENGINEER, AND E. F. SCHMIDT, ASSISTANT ENGINEER,
THE OHIO FUEL SUPPLY COMPANY, COLUMBUS, OHIO.
Since the orifice meter has become so widely used for the
measurement of high pressure natural gas, many different types
of apparatus for the determination of specific gravity, embody-
ing the principle of effusion have been placed on the market
So many sources of error uncontrollable by human agencies hav<
been encountered that, except under ideal laboratory condition,
the most improved type of effusion apparatus has been founc
very unreliable.
At the instigation of several gas companies the Bureau of
Standards at Washington, D. C, investigated all the types of
specific gravity apparatus obtainable. Their investigations re-
sulted in the abandoning of the effusion type and the adoption
of a modified type of the weighing instrument. In the Techno-
logic Paper of the Bureau of Standards, No. 69, entitled "A
(Fig. 4)— Wrinkle No. 126.
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2J)2 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATIOX OF AMERICA.
Specific Gravity Balance for Gases/' the investigations and re-
sults of the Bureau can be found.
(FiK. 1 ) — WrinUlc No. 12(1
We desired an instrument for either laboratory or field use
and developed the one shown in Fig. i. It has the combined
advantages of stability and lightness, weighing only fifteen
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
pounds complete with carrying case. It consists of a water
jacketed balancing chamber, a metal balance beam, a U gauge
filled with mercury for measuring pressures, a vacuum ptunp,
drying tubes for drying the air, and a tripod on which the in-
strument is mounted. In addition to the above a barometer is
also necessary for the determination of absolute pressure.
Much experimenting was done before the apparatus showti
was finally produced. The balance chamber was cast in one
piece of aluminum and screw caps which were provided with
plate glass windows were fitted to either end, thus allowing
ample light for observing the position of the beam. Most of
the aluminum castings, however, proved to be porous and in
order to make the balance chamber air tight, a piece of cold
drawn steel tubing was fitted inside and machined so that with
the end caps drawn up against soft rubber gaskets, an air tight
joint was provided. Much experimenting was also done to make
a substantial and sensitive balance beam which was finally con-
structed as shown in Fig. 2. It consists of an air tight bulb
(B) of spun brass, counter-weighted with adjustable balancing
weighs (E). The bearing points (F) are also adjustable (G),
allowing the center of gravity of the beam to be raised or low-
ered, thus providing a control of the sensibility. The needle
points rest on glass bearings which arrangement was adopted
by the Bureau of Standards as being practically without fric-
tion. The bearings are made so as to give the beam neither
lateral or longitudinal motion, assuring a constant position dur-
ing a determination of gravity.
The method used in making a test is as follows : The beam
is adjusted so that it will come to equilibrium in atmosphere
with the counterweight end slightly below a horizontal plaiie
through the bearing points. In this position a vacuum is re-
quired to bring it to a level position which position is aflFected
by bringing into alignment the cross hair mounted permanently
on glass and the line on the end of the balance beam. The air
that is allowed into the chamber when making this balance must
be drawn through some drying agent assuring dry air. The
vacuum reading is then observed on the U gauge. This should
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2M NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
be repeated and checked. The balancing chamber is then
purged of air and the gas allowed to fill it to a pressure sufficient
to bring the beam to the same position of equilibrium again.
The pressure is then observed on the U gauge. These pressures
are then reduced to absolute pressure, knowing the barometric
pressure at the time of making the test. The specific gravity
of the gas is the quotient of the absolute air pressure divided
by the absolute gas pressure. (Air being i ) .
A typical case is given below.
Barometric Pressure 755 mm.
Balancing Pressures —
Air —187 mm.
Gas +126 mm.
755 — 187
Specific Gravity =^^^^j^ =.6447
The development of this instrument has made the accurate
determination of specific gravity more practical and has thus
made it possible to measure high pressure natural gas to a de-
gree of accuracy seldom heretofore attained.
Wrinkle No. 127.
K METHOD OF EXTINGUISHING BURNING GAS LEAKS ON
MAIN LINES.
FRANKLIN L. KELLOGG, FIELD FOREMAN, ONTARIO GAS COMPANY,
HONEOYE FALLS, N. Y.
When a leak in a buried gas line has been ignited and allowed
to bum for some time, it will be noticed that wherever the flame
issues from the ground, the ground and surrounding material
will attain a very high temperature. By deluging this highly
heated material with water, a cloud of steam will arise and
smother the flame of burning gas. Where the pipe line is above
ground, it is sometimes advisable to pile stones or other refrac-
tory material about the flame and wait for same to heat, before
applying the water, in order to have enough heated material to
vaporize the same.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
295
The size of the fire will determine the proper treatment.
The writer has used the above method in several cases and has
found it to be very simple and satisfactory.
Wrinkle No. 128.
APPARATUS TO DETERMINE DIRECTION OF FLOW.
J. H. SCHALEK, MFRS. LIGHT & HEAT CO., PITTSBURGH, PA.
In belted systems and where the main line is fed by wells
situated in localities opposing each other, with reference to the
main line, it is often desirable to know which way the gas is
flowing. The principle of the apparatus is identical with that
of the Pitot tube. The impact mouths should be placed as near
the center of the main as possible. The impact mouth facing
n^ 'U'fifU
?
^•••nj «^^«F>«A«^s »n l*m*. ^tffmm't' c»nn€cft^ f* ^*A»/«.
Appar^ahfS ^ dtiir/ntft^. ^irtcfnt-n of flow.
Wrinkle No. 128.
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296 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
the direction of flow will show a greater depression in the liquid
in its arm of the "U" gauge than the down stream impact mouth
due to the fact that both the djmamic and static pressure is
recorded while the down-stream mouth records only the static
pressure and which is also lessened by suction where the speed
of the gas is great. The greater the speed of flow the greater
is the differential pressure. By reason of the sliding tubes it
is possible to insert apparatus in a smaller hole than would
otherwise be the case.
Wrinkle No. 129.
USE SPRING IN PLACE OF WEIGHT ON VALVES.
T. J. THATCHER, NEW BUSINESS DEPARTMENT, THE OHIO FUEL
SUPPLY CO., COLUMBUS, OHIO.
The usual method for making a lever valve so that it will
seat is to put a chunk of lead or other weight on the end of the
valve arm.
Wrinkle No. 129.
We have found that a spring of good steel wire can be made
and attached to a valve as shown in cut. Using a spring is a
much surer way of making the valve seat, makes a neater ap-
pearance and is particularly valuable when used with a ther-
mostat on house heating jobs.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 297
Wrinkle No. 130.
FIVE WRINKLES FOR OPERATION OFFICES.
JOHN M. CRONIN, COLUMBIA GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
The enclosed "Wrinkles" have been a quick and compre-
hensive means, in our office, of having at hand information that
is sought almost daily in all "operation offices."
Wrinkle No. i — Operation Calendar. This calendar per-
mits any one to determine the number of locations and the prog-
ress in drilling, the total number of wells drilled, purchased,
abandoned and repaired for any month. The report, of course,
is made up to the last of each month.
Wrinkle No. 2 — ^AU gauge reports are flashed from the
field. As soon as these reports are received, the gauge in cubic
feet is put upon the card and when the gauge slip is received
the card is checked off. The use of this card is twofold in its
purpose in as much as it is a check on the gauges taken of every
well and it is something that you can get to in a hurry to ascer-
tain the size of one or a group of wells recently completed.
Wrinkle No. 3 — ^The large gas companies, as a rule, have
well pockets into which are placed certain information required
in the drilling of each well. To obviate the necessity of looking
through your well pockets to see if you have received certain
information, this card is used and when the information is re-
ceived, it is checked off on the card and a glance across the card
will show in a moment the information needed to complete the
file.
Wrinkle No. 4 — "Individual Well History." A card is
given for each well upon the location of same and as weekly re-
ports are received from the field, the information is recorded
on the card. Upon the completion of the well the card is taken
out of the card index and filed in the well pocket.
Wrinkle No. 5 — "Defective Well Card." As soon as a well
is reported defective a card is made up showing the original
open flow, the original rock pressure and the defect. When re-
pairs are begun on the well, record is kept as the weekly re-
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NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wells
Repaired
and
Drilled
Deeper.
3
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Last of
Month.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
301
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 303
ports are received. Upon completion of repairs the card is
filed in the well pocket and becomes a part of the permanent
record. By the use of this card we are constantly reminded of
the defective wells and the defects.
Wrinkle No. 131.
A PORTABLE TEST GAUGE.
T. H. KERR, ENCJNKER, THE OHIO FUEL SUPPLY CO.
• The test gauge shown in the following cut represents an
improvement both as to lightness of weight and durability over
Wrinkle \o 131
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:m
XATl'RAL CAS ASSOCIATION OP AMERICA.
the gauge made by the writer shown as Wrinkle No. 1 1 1 in the
1916 Proceedings of the Association. It is also provided with
screw caps making it possible to carry the gauge with the mer-
cury contained in it. The leather carrying case is for conve-
nience and a safeguard against breakage.
Wrinkle No. 18-2.
A. G. BOYD, DISTRICT SUPT. THE OHIO FUEL SUPPLY COMPANY,
ASHL\ND, OHIO.
When a well is left open at the top in the drive pipe and
casing around the tubing it leaves a well in such shape that any
one can drop rubbish, iron, etc., down inside of casing. This
is very expensive to a company when they start to clean a well
out on account of causing the tubing and packer to stick and
often causing a pipe fishing job. A casing-head would be rather
expensive for this purpose and we have tried packing rope
around the tubing in top of casing, but we found this was not a
success on account of it working down, then if there comes a
time that we wish to "mud" a packer we are up against it.
K-AMCHOR CLAflPS
TEE
CASINO COVER
BOLT
RIVETED ON
LAP
DRIVE PIPE
Wrinkle Xo. IV2
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 305
Now I have gotten up a new wrinkle which is very cheap
and it answers the purpose well. It is a simple, funnel-shape
arrangement made out of galvanized iron, large enough at the
bottom to fit down around the drive pipe and reduced to about
the size of the tubing to fit around the tubing under the tee. A
lap runs up and down with a little lug riveted on each side of
the lap. At the top and bottom a bolt runs through these to
draw it up tight around the tubing and drive pipe. We find this
simple arrangement is very satisfactory. See rough sketch.
Wrinkle No. 133.
CONVERSION CHART.
J. H. SCHALEK, MFRS. LIGHT & HEAT CO., PITTSBURGH, PA.
(Drawing on page 306.)
By the aid of this chart much time and labor may be saved
in estimating consumption per hour when rate per cubic foot is
known or to determine the rate of flow per second when the rate
of flow per hour is known. It is also useful in setting adjust-
able orifices when testing factory meters by the prover method.
Example: What is the rate of flow per hour when one cubic
foot passes orifice in four seconds ? Solution : Find the figure
four (4) in margin "Seconds per foot'', follow line to the diag-
onal, follow the line at the intersection to the base "Feet per
hour", which in this instance read 900 cubic feet. This chart is
made on logarithmic ruled paper and it should be kept in mind
that :
Tenths of seconds per cu. ft. equals thousands of cu. ft per hour.
Units of seconds per cu. ft. equals hundreds of cu. ft. per hour.
Tens of seconds per cu. ft. equals tens of cu. ft. per hour.
Hundreds of seconds per cu. ft. equals units of cu. ft. per hour.
20
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30G NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
^ ••,.»_ tO«Jk»««lC»C»HCI»O»»«€tT.0«. JiM6th^l*A ",',
Wrinkle No. 13:3.
Wrinkle No. I'M.
•THE GAS CIRCLE."
C. C. PHILLIPS, THE OHIO FUEL SUPPLY CO., COLUMBUS, OHIO.
Being vitally interested in all phases of the natural gas
industry, this department has formed an organization for the
purpose of increasing our knowledge of this business. The
members each contribute $3.00 a year to cover expense of sub-
scriptions to various gas magazines, government bulletins and
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
307
ATTENTION
C. C. Phillipa €H\^
Acknowledge by insertinl
O. K. efter YOUR NAME
end PASS to the NEXT
MAN. LAST MAM RE
Tu;
Wrinkle No. 134.
other literature of interest in this connection. All expenditures
are put to a vote of the members and must have the approval
of the majority. When any article of interest is read by a mem-
ber it is promptly brought to the attention of all members. To
be sure all members receive each magazine, bulletin or clipping,
etc., the organization has had slips printed like the enclosed and
nothing is filed until it has been noted and O. K.d by all the
members.
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;v)H
NATURAL CAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 135.
THERMOMETKR COMPARISOX CHAMBER.
J. H. SCHALEK, MFRS. LIGHT & HEAT CO., PITTSBURGH, PA.
Although the thermometers used in proving house meters
need not be of scientific accuracy, they should, however, register
within a quarter of a degree of each other when immersed in a
THERMQMElEfi COMPfiRlSON
CHAMBER
Wrinkle No. 1:3-5.
fluid of uniform temperature. The chamber as shown in the
drawing is a quart size fruit jar with holes cut in the cap for
>'q" corks or rubber stopi)ers. Each stopper has a hole bored
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
309
through it and small enough to grip the thermometers tightly.
By filling the chamber with hot water and making a record of
the thermometer readings at lo or 15-minute intervals the un-
reliable thermometer can easily be found and rejected if the
variation is in excess of that recommended above.
Wrinkle No. 136.
METHOD FOR REPAIRING SPLIT CENTER RING.
H. P. ZIESCHANG, THE OHIO FUEL SUPPLY CO., COLUMBUS, OHIO.
The expense of a sleeve could be done away with by using
the clamp shown in these rough drawings. This clamp could
be used when a center ring or a coupling is split.
Lay a piece of J^'^ gasket rubber over the leak and cover it
with a piece of J4" steel, made with two tips that will reach
above the bolts, as shown in Fig. No. i. Then take two pieces
Wrinkle No. 13().
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81(1 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
of band steel as shown in Fig. No. 2. The band to be put over
the bolts on the coupling. Tighten on the sides, thus pulling
down on the tips and this will stop the leak.
This has proven successful with our company.
Wrinkle No. 137.
LEAK DETECTOR FOR GAS LINE IN CASING.
H. H. HARRINGTON, CITIZENS' GAS & ELECTRIC CO., ELYRIA, OHIO.
Tap casing at highest point, saddle and run ij4" line to
parking in the clear, with riser and cap. By taking cap off can
readily tell at any time if line is leaking in casing.
CAP-
IK' PIPE TO PARKING
SADOLETRAP -
CEMENT ^^^ — -— — ySa fc^CEMENT
' ^ CASTJNO __fef f^ »
GAS LINE''"'^^^^^^^""""'^^^^"^^^^*'" ■" " "^OAii LINE
Wrinkle No. 187.
Wrinkle No. 138.
TO PREVENT REGULATORS FROM FREEZING.
JOHN L. NEELY, MANSFIELD, OHIO.
The drawing shows a hot water heating system to prevent
regulators from freezing.
No. I is section of pipe attached to high pressure side of reg-
ulator, and has water jacket welded on or attached by other
means.
No. 2 is a section of 2" pipe with gas burner underneath,
used as a water heater. The coil can be used instead.
No. 3 is an expansion tank to be kept filled with water.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
311
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312 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrinkle No. 139.
Wrinkle No. 139.
CONTROLLING TWO SOURCES OF GAS SUPPLY.
JOHN L. NEELY, MANSFIELD, OHIO.
An oil sealed gasometer with two stop cocks or valves, con-
trolling two sources of gas supply. Valve No. i controls an
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 313
insufficient supply from privately owned gas well of higher pres-
sure than company's mains. This valve is set by means of holes
in toggle connection so that it will open one-eighth of an inch
earlier than valve No. 2, which is connected to low pressure
main. Thus all of pressure and volume is used from the high
pressure source before the low pressure supply is automatically
drawn from. This device also prevents back pressure accumu-
lating on meter.
Wrinkle No. 140.
A HOME-MADE GAS MASK.
H. H. HARRINGTON, CITIZENS' GAS & ELECTRIC CO., ELYRIA, OHIO.
Procure wire-gauze false-face without eye holes at notion
store. Sew light padding around inside of edges to fit face,
solder a tin tube to top, attach strap with buckle to go around
TUBE
^STPAP AND BUCKLE
....^PADDINe-
Wrinkle No. 140.
head to hold mask in place, attach tube to test pump. No gas
will penetrate gauze and in case of fire the face, eyes and lungs
are protected.
Wrinkle No. 141.
ADJUSTABLE METER PROVER CHECK.
J. J. BUCHANAN, FOREMAN METER REPAIR DEPT. MANUFACTURERS*
LIGHT & HEAT CO., PITTSBURGH, PA.
I hand you herewith sketch and description of "wrinkle"
adjustable meter prover check.
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3U
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
The adjustable meter prover check is easily made and the
material required will be readily found in any meter repair shop.
» -y^^tfg
e/. c/. Suchanort
AtfKs. Lr%^Ht Co., grA, ^
Wrinkle No. 141.
The important part or feature of the check is that the disc is
readily adjustable to any flow required, it also has thermometer
holder, and hose cock connection on side to register the drop
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 315
pressure. We use them in our meter repair shop and have
found it very convenient.
Wrinkle No. 142.
HERE'S OUTFIT FOR CASING METERS.
CHARLES E. PRATT, FOREMAN METER SHOP, EQUITABLE GAS CO.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.
Our outfit for gasing meters is shown in the photograph.
It consists of I arch gauge, i small regulator, i hose line from
gas line to meter, i nozzle for valve ports and i nozzle for burn-
ing out.
The small regulator is set to 3'' water pressure, by turning
gas through the regulator into the meter and arch gauge, show-
Wrinkle No. 14-2.
ing 3" pressure, then cutting gas off from line, the arch gauge
will indicate if there is a leak in channels or diaphragms. By
pressing slightly on regulator stem pressure can be run up to
line pressure.
Higher pressure than 3" is needed in testing prepayment
valves. In this wrinkle the small regulator takes the place of
a gasometer and a number of weights.
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:U() NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Wrinkle No. 143.
LOYALTY — THE ESSEXTL\L POWER OF MAN.
G. R. CARPENTER, UNITED FUEL GAS CO., CHARLESTON, W. VA.
The greatest qualification a man can have is that of loyalty,
yet some men will drift from it.
It requires real effort to organize a body of men to hold
that principle of remaining loyal, and to have each man feel
that he is not only an employe, but a part of the organization.
Loyalty is nothing more than honesty.
Many times to uncover this hidden quality it requires pa-
tience and tenacity of purpose. A mass or body of men as a
whole are slow to take up new ideas. The greatest building
foice I find is self-interest. Men are like soil to be tilled. If
taken care of with touch of improvement it well pays for your
trouble, but if you fail to show that interest you lose in returns.
Every man with ambition to advance should proceed on an
honest and true foundation of his own merits, and to have that
foremost in mind of which he aspires, and make steps for him-
self. Truly he is to be benefited by ideas of bigger men, but he
should not try to impersonate some one else, if so, his own judg-
ment is of less value.
A man should not be ashamed to own that he is in the
wrong. There is great practical benefit in making a few mis-
takes and being followed up by sharp criticism. The practice
of persistent loyalty shows your associates or employes your
most essential purpose. With these principles you impress them
with your personal interest in their welfare.
If you show interest and encourage better results, you can
get them. Just as soon as men learn that you notice what they
do as well as that which they do not do, you inspire ambition.
Most men Hke a few words of praise. It is inspiring and gives
them a strong mental vibration. It encourages them to take
pains with their work.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 317
Wrinkle No. 144.
SPEED IN USING BLOTTING PAPER.
M. A. RADY, THE LOGAN NAT. GAS. & FUEL CO., WELLINGTON, OHIO.
In entering readings, consumption, etc., on gas bills the
time consumed in handling a blotter can be cut in half by cutting
a strip from the end of a blotter the width of a finger, with a
rubber band fasten same over the end of the second finger of
the writing hand and with ten minutes* practice work can be
turned out with speed and ease.
Though I have been using the above stunt for about five
years, yet it may be new to some.
Wrinkle No. 145.
FLOWOMETER AND GAUGE ARRANGEMENT SAVES TIME.
CHARLES E. PRATT, FOREMAN METER SHOP, EQUITAHLE GAS CO.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.
This photograph shows a small flowometer with orifices
ranging from 5 cu. ft. per hour to 320 cu. ft. per hour. Col-
lectively we can get 635 cu. ft. per hour.
Wrinkle No. 145.
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318 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
From the flowometer there is a hose attached to Arch Gauge,
on which is held i" water pressure. This arrangement when
used for special shop tests or Public Service Tests saves time.
By removing a plug fitted in a short piece of pipe surround-
ing each orifice and setting Arch Gauge at i", you can get any
volume from 5 cu. ft. per hour to 635 cu. ft. per hour, you
do not have to use a stop watch.
Wrinkle No. 4-11-44.
F. H. WALKER, THE OHIO FUEL SUPPLY CO., PITTSBURGH. PA.
Wrinkle, wrinkle, Magazine,
It's a cinch it shall be seen.
That, the dope we've just been reading.
Will set our Think Tanks all a speeding.
A Youth cometh unto an Old Man saying, "I pray thee
kind sir, give unto me the Secret of Satisfaction."
Behold I have been in Service unto a Gas Company for
Three Hundred and Sixty-Five Days, and it seemeth unto me
that in that time, surely the Authorities would see wherein they
have an important Servant.
But it seemeth to be contrawise, for lo, they pass me by and
notice not the work of my hands, neither do they see the re-
sults of my Thinking, and so I am in a measure disheartened.
The Old Man looketh upon his supplicant with an amused
countenance and forthwith declareth unto him the Wisdom
which cometh from Experience.
My son, he sayeth, arise and be of Good Cheer, for behold
thy day cometh.
In like manner the things which plague thy mind did trouble
me in the days of my Past, but these things are but as rlings
in a ladder — to be trampled upon — for behold the Road to
Satisfaction slopeth upward, and the Path thereof being strewn
with obstacles like unto Damardwurk.
Mayhap thy Endeavors hath been observed, but it doth
not seem Policy to slap thee upon thy back at every show of
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 319
Common Sense, for if such were the case thou wouldst soon
be afflicted of a Swelled Cranium.
At times my son it hath seemed unto me as if I were not
in the proper field of Endeavor, but the Coming Up in any
Business is like unto the sowing of seeds as spoken of in the
Scriptures.
That which springeth forth quickly soon fadeth away for
Lack of depth, but that which cometh forth in due Season,
standeth the heat of the noontime Sun.
All this meaneth that whosoever worketh diligently, and
striveth for knowledge and gaineth for himself a perfect under-
standing in the Ways of the Business, the same is capable of
doing the tasks set before him in a manner which pleaseth his
Employers.
But whosoever maketh a Grandstand Play and putteth forth
much Bluff the same is not able to stand the Test.
So now my son, get thee hither unto thy place of employ-
ment, do thy work to the best of thy knowledge and understand-
ing, and strive at all times to perfect the workmanship of thy
hands and the thoughts of thy brain, for I say unto thee that
in due season thy reward shall come unto thee as surely as
Tyrus Cobb will steal unto himself Twenty-five bases this com-
ing season.
Mr. W. Re Brown, Editor of the "Wrinkle Department,"
then said : Mr. President and Gentlemen : I know you are all
hungry and the time for our noon recess has arrived, therefore,
I will be brief. All together the live gas men of the country
have contributed 145 Wrinkles this year and one called "4-11-44"
whatever that means — for luck, I guess.
A certain wise man — I think his name was Holbrook — I
do not know whether any of you know him or not — sent a card
around suggesting that the employers of the various gas com-
panies look at the names of the men who contributed to the
wrinkle department and he suggested the advisability of promo-
tion to such contributors, adding that if you do grant such rec-
ognition you will very rarely pick a lemon.
The Association through the medium of the editors of the
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320 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
wrinkle department called for volunteers. There is nothing
much for me to say except that the men who contributed to
tliese 145 wrinkles are the heroes who answered the call and I
think the thanks of the Association are due to the individual
contributors of wrinkles for the way they have responded to
the call of the department for volunteers.
I am just reminded that Mr. Diescher is Assistant Editor of
the Wrinkle Department and I believe it is the custom for the
Assistant to do the talking for the department. So I am going
to ask him to say a few words. But before concluding I wish
to express my personal appreciation of the word of Mr. Diescher
himself, and also to each individual contributor and to the men
who were instrumental in procuring this large number of ex-
cellent wrinkles. Their work this year has been splendid. I
also wish to thank the Natural Gas and Gasoline journals for
their splendid cooperation so generously extended to us in the
performance of our work.
As I said last year these wrinkles should be sought from
the men who are actually doing the work. They are the men
who furnish the best contributions. Although some of these
wrinkles may not be new- to all of the members of the Associa-
tion, yet there is a valuable suggestion in every wrinkle; there
is an improvement proposed and there is advancement noted,
and that is what we want all the time in the natural gas business
(applause).
Prkstdent (iuFFEv: I will next call upon Mr. A. J.
Diescher, Assistant Editor, Wrinkle Department, of Rartlesville,
Oklahoma.
Mr. A. J. Diescher. Assistant Editor of the Wrinkle De-
])artnicnt, then said: Mr. President and fellow members of the
Natural Gas Association of America: The gathering of wrin-
kles for this department, it goes without saying, is quite a job.
Mr. Stone told us a year or so ago the difficulties which he
encountered in collecting these wrinkles and for that reason
he wanted to have someone else take over the work. Mr. Brown
was appointed as Chief Editor and I as Assistant Editor. We
divided our work into the territory east of the Mississippi and
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THE PRIZE WINNERS
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 821
the territory west of the Mississippi. It never occurred to me
the amount of work there is in gathering these wrinkles until I
personally undertook to do it. Quite a few hundreds of letters
were sent out. Many of those letters were never answered at
all. Quite a number have brought good results. It looked for
quite a while as though we were not going to get many wrinkles.
This resulted in a greater effort on our part in an endeavor to
stir up cooperation and assistance. If the wrinkle department
is to grow and to have a greater number of wrinkles each year
and to have good wrinkles, it takes the work of all of us. One
point I want to emphasize is the cooperation between the man-
agers and officers of the different companies toward getting
their men to contribute these wrinkles. You must remember
that wrinkles are not only for the benefit of those who see them
in printed form and who read them and refer to them but it
is also of great benefit to the men who contribute them, and of
benefit to the companies whose men are contributing them.
Now, I am sure that whoever has this work for the coming year
will greatly appreciate the assistance of each and all the mem-
bers of this Association in bringing in new wrinkles and I want
to thank all those who have worked to bring about this most
excellent result and all of those . who submitted wrinkles this
year (applause).
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OX AWARDS FOR THE
WRINKLE DEPARTMENT.
After the meeting had adjourned, the following report was
received by the Secretary:
June 15, 1917.
).BA^ Natural Gas Association of America:
Your committee on award of prizes for the best wrinkles
submitted to the 1917 meeting found it difficult to decide for
what wrinkles prizes should be given on account of the large
number and variety of wrinkles submitted. The following report
is made up according to the best judgment of the committee.
The prizes being given on the ground of originality and general
usefulness of the wrinkle.
21
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322 SATURAL CAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
1st Prize, $25.00.
R. B. Lloyd, Supt. Lines, Wichita Natural (las Co., Bartles-
ville, Okla.
Wrinkle Xo. 46. A X on- inflammable gate box.
2nd Prize, $20.00.
J. H. Schalek, Mfrs. Heat & Light Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
Wrinkle Xo. 128. Apparatus to determine direction of flow.
3rd Prize, $15.00.
A. H. Fricker, The East Ohio (ias Co., Youngstovvn, Ohio.
Wrinkle Xo. 69. Flash Light batteries.
4th Prize, $10.00.
H. O. Ballard, Supt. Production, W^ichtia Natural Gas Co.,
P>artlesville, Okla.
Wrinkle Xo. 36. Baflle tee drip with automatic blow oflF.
5th to loth Prizes inclusive, $5.00 each to
(). M. l>aldvvin, The East Ohio Gas Co., Kent, Ohio.
Wrinkle Xo. 14, Xotice Card.
O. C. Hartsough, East Ohio Gas Co., Canton, Ohio.
P. Keimedy, East Ohio Gas Co., Cleveland, Ohio.
Jointly for Wrinkle Xo. 25. Adjustable Meter Support.
A. I^^. Boyd, Supt., The Ohio Fuel Supply Co., Ashland, Ohio.
Wrinkle Xo. 132, Casing Cover.
W. E. Xestor, ICngr., Mfrs. Light & Heat Co.. Waynesburg,
Pa.
Wrinkle Xo. 100, Magnetic Air Whistle Telephone Alarm, for
Compressing station.
A. L. Schneider, Pittsburg & WY^st Virginia Gas Co., Clarks-
burg, W. \'a.
Wrinkle Xo. 123, Rule for measuring pipe when piled.
J. j. P)Uchanan, Foreman Meter Repair Dept., Mfrs. Light
& Heat Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
Wrinkle Xo. 141, Adjustable Meter Prover Check.
F. W. Stone,
A. P. Davis,
W. J. Broder.
Committee of Awards for Wrinkle Depattmcnt,
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 323
President Guffey: As Mr. Diescher has the floor, I am
going to ask him at this time to read his report as Chairman of
the Committee on Conservation.
Mr. a. J. Diescher: The members of the Conservation
Committee are located at various points throughout the country
and it is very hard to get the Committee together. However,
there is really nothing of any sufficient importance to justify a
meeting during the past year. I have prepared in conjunction
with the members of the Committee a report which I w'ill now
submit.
Mr. A. J. Diescher, Chairman of the Committee on Conser-
vation, then submitted the following:
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON CONSERVATION.
To the President and Members of the Natural Gas Association
of America :
Your Conservation Committee held no meetings during the
past year. Letters were sent out to all members about the first
of April, calling for reports on the Conservation situation in the
various production districts of our country. Up to the time of
submitting this report, reply was received from Dr. White setting
forth the situation in West Virginia, which is quoted as follows :
WEST VIRGINIA.
Our Public Service Commission has, in practically every
case brought to its consideration during the latter part of 1916,
and up to the present in 19 17, permitted the gas companies to
raise prices to something like a fair basis, as between producer
and consumer, and several other applications for such raises are
pending, and I have no doubt that some or all of them will be
granted a moderate increase in price for this, the best fuel in
the world.
During the period of education, which has covered three or
four years, our public men are beginning to realize that one of
the best means of conservation of this precious fuel is that the
users of the same should pay a fair price. A great waste still
continues, especially from casing head gas in the numerous oil
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324 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
wells, which probably amounts to 15,000, extending from Penn-
sylvania on the north to Kentucky on the south, entirely across
the state. In many regions where this casing head gas contains
considerable ga^^oline, the waste in question is being greatly re-
duced, but in others, very little has been done, so that probably
150 to 200 million feet of casing gas is yet going into the air
and accomplishing no useful service whatever. It is confidently
hoped, however, that as these w^ells are one after the other
harnessed into compressing stations for the recovery of gasoline
that this large waste will be greatly decreased even during the
present year, so that the outlook for a greater conservation of
West \'irginia's wonderful resources in this splendid product is
brighter than for many years even in the absence of any pro-
tective legislation whatever."
MID continp:nt field.
In Oklahoma, two principal elements affecting conservation
of sj)ccial imix)rtance, since the last report, at the Pittsburgh
Convention, are:
1. The progress being made in the mudding off of gas in
oil operations.
2. The great development of the casing head gasoline
plants, and recovery of casing head gasoline at high
pressures.
MUDDING.
Referring to the mudding process, as the most extensive
use of this method of sealing natural gas in the sands is prac-
ticed in the Mid Continent field, necessarily the reference thereto
shall pertain more to the practice in that territory.
During the past year the efforts of the Corporation Com-
mission of Oklahoma, under whose supervision the conservation
of Natural Gas and Oil rests, have been greatly handicapped in
their efforts toward conservation by a controversy which arose
on the part of the State Mine Inspector, as to who legally had
jurisdiction over this charge. At the session of the State Legis-
lature which recently convened, a bill was passed, creating an
oil and gas department, under the Jurisdiction of the Corpora-
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 325
tion Commission, thereby fully establishing the jurisdiction of
the Commission, and greatly broadening the field and extent of
the Conservation operations.
According to newspaper reports, a meeting is called for
May 26th, when the new rules and regulations pertaining to oil
and gas conservation, are to be announced.
It is now going on the third year since the Conservation
Law was passed in the State of Oklahoma, and the mudding
process adopted under the Commission regulations, during which
time remarkable progress has been made in applying this method.
Not only has this method been adopted by the Commission
for the State of Oklahoma, but it is in effective use in the State
of Kansas, where probably the greatest demonstration of its
success has been accomplished, due to the control of large areas
by single companies, who have made a determined effort to con-
serve the gas. There is no question but that the life of the gas
supply and the rock pressures in the Shamrock Pool of Okla-
homa, or southern extension of the Cushing Pool, was greatly
extended through the application of the Conservation regulations.
This pool was developed by the oil operators applying con-
servation methods without any serious handicap to their produc-
tion of oil, and with a total elimination of blowing wells, which
were so common in the Cushing field a few miles north.
This field has had the combined supervision of the Okla-
homa Corporation Commission Inspectors, and of the Bureau of
Mines Inspectors.
In the northern part of Oklahoma, the Blackwell pool, which
so far has proven to be principally gas territory, has been drilled
with many wells to 3300 to 3400 feet depth, with practically a
total absence of any continuously blowing or open gas wells.
Owing to the limited appropriation for carrying cm the
Conservation work, and the great and scattered territories which
the inspectors supervise, it was not possible to have resident
inspectors for each field, resulting in a shameful neglect upon
the part of many representative and nationally known oil operat-
ors permitting their wells to be mudded off with water instead
of mud fluid, being a makeshift and temporary attempt to seal
off the gas until their casing could be carried beyond the gas
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326 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
sands and oil sands reached, such attempts drowning out with
water, not only are very bad from a conservation standpoint, but
are very costly to the operator in many instances.
The principle of sealing off the oil sand by the mud fluid
method is to enseal a column of liquid between the outside of
the casing and the surrounding earth formation, this column
being of such specific gravity and weight as to more than counter-
balance the rock pressure of the gas in the sand. As the rock
pressure corresponds closely with the hydrostatic column from
the sand to the surface of the ground, it follows that same fluid
heavier than water must be used to give sufficient margin for
safety of excess counterbalancing pressure, to prevent the gas
from blowing out. This heavier fluid is obtained by using water
containing about 25 per cent, by weight, of clay or mud, avoiding
sand or grit. This should be of a specific gravity of about 1.33.
If water is used without mud, or with too little mud, the
solution remains thin and can permeate the porous sands and
earth formations with which it comes in contact while standing
behind the casing, and it is only a question of a short time until
sufficient of this water is absorbed by the earth to reduce the
height of the column and thus reduce the hydrostatic pressure
to a point below the rock pressure of the gas, permitting the gas
to escape from the sand and blow the water out from behind the
casing. This is a very common occurrence, one operator having
had four such blowouts from the same well before he had suf-
ficient common sense to use a little more mud.
There seems to be not so much of an antagonism as a lack
of care on the part of the principal operators, which is causing
this kind of sealing in of gas sands. It is to be hoped that with
the broader scope given the Corporation Commission at this last
session of the legislature, and the funds available for greater
inspection, that such operators shall be punished for this careless
condition.
It is not to be understood that all operators are permitting
such practice, as such is not the case. A number of the larger
operators are conducting their operations in good faith, and are
securing good results.
Notwithstanding this condition, the amount of gas blown to
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 327
the atmosphere in the Blackwell field is comparatively small, the
greater loss being due to the flooding of shallow gas sands with
water, and to the intercommunication between sands, due to the
failure to mud off the wells.
A few fines and a little more education on the part of some
of the operators will almost eliminate this wasteful practice in
the State of Oklahoma.
In the State of Kansas, where there is no good conservation
law, but where the operators are mostly voluntarily mudding
their wells, remarkable results have been obtained.
The principal oil and gas development in Kansas at this
time, centers more about the Butler County fields, where there are
some 600 or 700 oil wells drilled. In the Augusta field there
are about 100 gas wells drilled to the 1500 foot depth, and over
three hundred oil wells drilled or drilling, which have pene-
trated and pass through this sand, the oil occurring under the gas
deposit, and occupying practically the same area, so that prac-
tically every oil well has passed through the gas sand. Notwith-
standing this, there has been no abnormal decline in the rock
pressure of the gas wells, and no gas was blown to the surface.
There is no defective well in the field today, from which gas
is escaping. This is as near a case of perfect conservation as
could be desired in practice, and shows that the main element
as to the feasibility of natural gas conservation in the deeper
drilling for oil, is one of the attitude of the operator, whether
he desires to effect conservation, or is indifferent thereto.
It is hoped that the increased value of natural gas, to the
oil operator, through the recovery of casing head or absorption
gasoline, will cause him to view natural gas in a different light,
and that he shall find it to his profit, as well as honor, to con-
serve, and stop the waste of this product.
In the Augusta field, gas wells have been drilled, mudded off
at 1500 feet, an oil sand mudded off at 2000 feet depth, and the
producing well finished at 2500 feet depth, while within 50 feet
of such wells, other wells have been drilled, mudding off the
1500 foot gas sand, and producing oil from the 2000 foot sand,
while within the same radius, wells have been drilled to the
1500 foot gas sand, taking the gas therefrom, and the mudding
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328 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
in no instance interfered with any of the other wells. This
could not be done with water, or thin mud fluid, as it would
penetrate the sand to greater distances than 50 feet, instances
being known where it has penetrated over 100 feet radius from
a well.
In the Eldorado field where there are over 450 oil wells
drilled to 650 feet depth, there are at least 100 deep oil wells
drilled through this shallow sand, mudding it off, and at least
50 gas wells drilled, many of them passing through the shallow
oil, securing the gas from several hundred feet below the oil,
and in no instance has any trouble or injury occurred to pre-
vent operating any of the sands desired — oil or gas, mudding off
all sands excepting the one from which the particular production
desired is had.
Such demonstrations set an example as to the practice de-
veloped since the conservation laws were passed, and when
operators were testifying under oath, that they had tried the
mudding process and that it would not work.
The greatest part of the problem of the conservation of
natural gas in the fields, has been solved and demonstrated on
such an extensive scale that there is no excuse for its waste in
any field in the country.
Further, the use of mud fluid for sealing off water, and
other sands, and for supporting the earth formations from cav-
ing and "freezing" the casing; as so far demonstrated in prac-
tice, offers a great field of endeavor toward reducing the amount
and sizes of casing necessary to drill deeper as in the present
practice.
If this can be brought about, under the pressure of the
great casing shortage which now occurs, and thus establish new
practices of casing wells, getting away from the rut in which
all operators work, due to frequent stepping down of casing
sizes based upon the old practices, it will not only be a great
blessing to the operators, and possibly bring deeper drilling
within the scope of commercial operators, but such accomplish-
ment would be far-reaching in giving the oil operators a greater
incentive for being interested in the mudding process, and thereby
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
remove his indifference or antagonism to natural gas conser-
vation.
CASING HEAD GAS.
The recovery of casing head gasoline from natural gas which
occurs in contact with oil has been so extensively applied during
the past year or two, as to bring about a problem in many sec-
tions of our country, of the use of the tail gas from such plants.
It is reported that in the state of Oklahoma, the Corporation
Commission will not permit the wasting of such tail gas. The
amount of gas so recovered is now growing to such a great ex-
tent as to offer an excellent field for the natural gas pipe line
companies to consider mains for collecting and conserving such
gas for the market. Most extraction plants, especially com-
pressor plants, compress the casing head gas to pressures as
high as from lOO to 200 pounds, at once making it available
for delivery to the natural gas pipe line systems. It is not neces-
sary to greatly reduce the pressure of this gas as it leaves the
gasoline plant. Often such gas is used for operating purposes
on the leases, but in many instances there are large quantities
of such gas available for market.
Up to the present time there has been no great movement
toward gathering such gas, by pipe line companies, but if the
conservation is to be effected in its full commercial sense, this
IS a field which justifies great attention from the natural gas
operators.
The adoption of an absorption system for treating natural
gas in large volumes and at high or low pressures, for gasoline
recovery, again offers a field for oil operators to recover a special
income from such gas.
Anything which can bring an added income to the oil oper-
ator must necessarily interest him, whether it comes as a direct
payment for the gasoline recovered, or as an increased price per
thousand cubic feet for gas, is not so important as that it brings
him a greater income to interest him in conservation and pro-
tection of the source of that income.
The matter of interesting the oil producers in the conserva-
tion of natural gas, by making it profitable for him to do so,
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330 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
is a phase of conservation which should not be overlooked by
the natural gas operators and pipe line companies.
As a sununary, the committee is pleased to report that con-
servation of natural gas movement is more firmly established at
the present time than in the past, and that great progress is
being made in natural gas conservation ; that many of the retard-
ing elements of older times are disappearing, and that with the
added value of natural gas, both as a direct sales value, and as
a gasoline recovery value, is centering great attention on this
subject in the producing fields, and that it is the belief of this
committee that much greater progress will be made in the early
future, due to this concentrated attention and effort.
It is the desire of the committee to again record the appre-
ciation of the natural gas industry, of the efforts of the Okla-
homa Corporation Commission, and the Bureau of Mines, and
of their continued and effective efforts toward conserving this
valuable resource for our people.
Respectfully submitted,
Israel C. White,
Ernest L. Brundrett,
William T. Griswold,
Forrest M. Towl,
Alfred J. Diescher, Chairman,
President Guffey: The Association is certainly indebted
to Mr. Diescher as Chairman of the Committee on Conservation
for the very able and complete report which will be filed and
ordered spread upon the minutes if there is no objection. I
would suggest that a motion be made, extending to the Committee
and particularly to its Chairman a vote of thanks for this most
excellent report, and that the Committee be continued for the
coming year.
Mr. John M. Garard: Mr. President, I move you that a
vote of thanks be tendered to the Editors of the Wrinkle De-
partment for the able manner in which they have conducted
their business and I would also like to add that, on account of
their very great activity and the manner in which they have
brought about the present result, that this committee be con-
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 331
tinued for another year, if I am not exceeding my prerogative
in making such a motion at this time.
Mr. Martin B. Daly: I second the motion.
And thereupon the above motion, having been duly sec-
onded, was unanimously adopted.
Mr. John M. Garard: I now move that a vote of thanks
be extended to the Committee on Conservation aod especially to
the Chairman thereof for the comprehensive and exhaustive
report submitted by the Committee; that the report be received,
filed and ordered spread upon the minutes of the Association
and that the Committee on Conservation be rewarded for their
excellent work by being continued for the coming year.
Mr. W. Re Brown: I take pleasure in seconding this
motion.
The above motion, having been duly seconded, was then
unanimously adopted.
President Guffey : Before taking our noon recess I want
to make this announcement. We were greatly disappointed this
morning to receive a telegram from Mr. A. C. Bedford, stating
that he had been detained in Washington last night by work
connected with the National Council for Defense, but we are
pleased to announce that he will arrive about one o'clock this
afternoon in Buffalo and will make an address at the afternoon
session of this Association sometime between two and three
o'clock. I hope we will all be here because he is going to talk
to us on a subject that is of interest to all of us. We will now
take a recess until two o'clock this afternoon.
And thereupon a recess was had until 2:00 P. M. of same
day.
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332 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
SECOND DAY — AFTERNOON SESSION.
Wednesday, May i6, 1917.
President Guffey: The convention will please come to
order. The first paper this afternoon is one entitled "Rates"
prepared by Mr. Leslie B. Denning, President of The Lx)ne Star
Gas Company. I will now call upon Mr. Denning.
Mr. Leslie B. Denning: Mr. President and members of
The Natural Gas Association of America: The views that I
have presented in this paper are not put forward as a positive
solution of our troubles in regard to rates. They are more in
the nature of suggestions; something to think about; something
to talk about and in the general mix up of thought and talk
and ideas, we may be able to reach a solution of the troubles
that are bothering us.
Mr. Leslie B. Denning then read the following paper :
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RATES.
By Leslie B. Denning.
I do not propose to discuss **rates" in either a legal or tech-
nical sense. Papers and reports heretofore read before this
association have presented the legal and engineering phases
necessary to establish proper rate of return in a given rate case
before a commission or other rate regulating body. The views
which I present will be directed merely towards achieving one
end, that is, a higher average price per thousand cubic feet of
gas output and increased net earnings in the profit and loss
account at the end of the year. It does not always follow that
an increase in rates means an increase in net earnings.
I have in the past held the view that I did not know of a
single gas man who was selling natural gas. I may now qualify
that statement by saying that I know of but few who are actually
selling gas, in my judgment, or perhaps it would be more accu-
rate to say, who are using good salesmanship in disposing of
their product. Salesmanship implies the creation in the mind of
(:ra)
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334 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
the purchaser of a desire to acquire your product at the price for
which you are willing to part with it. Applying this definition
it seems to me that I am not far wrong in the statement I have
just made. It seems to me that in the majority of cases what
we are doing is delivering to the customer the quantity of gas he
wants, when he wants it, and at his price. Ordinarily, the price
is that which the representatives of the buyers, the City Council
or other legislative body has put upon it after we have made the
best bargain we could.
We are called public service corporations, and are told that
since our function is that of supplying a necessity of the public,
to-wit : light, heat and power, and further because we use public
property for the purpose of laying therein our pipes and mains,
we must submit to regulation by the public not only as to the
price we may charge for our product, but in the general conduct
of our business. In theory this proposition may be sound
although to my mind there is no more reason for calling a nat-
ural gas company a public service corporation than one who
supplies bread, milk, or meat to the people. In practice, unfor-
tunately too often the term public service is used synonymously
with public slavery. Even the servant is entitled to a comfort-
able and convenient place to work, to fair wages and an occa-
sional Saturday afternoon off, while the public service corpora-
tion must be constantly on the job without rest, and with no
excuse for failure to perform, and quite often without proper
compensation for the service rendered.
Another factor which must be considered, is the manifest
disinclination of regulating bodies to grant increases in the rates
of public service corporations, even upon good showing that such
increases are absolutely necessary to meet advancing costs of
labor and materials.
The problem of increasing the rates is manifestly, first, one
of the capabilities and possibilities of the individual company
under consideration. To determine these, the first step is a
careful analysis of the company's business and prospects. A
company with a large supply of gas would be in a vastly better
position than one with a limited supply, given equal market
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 335
opportunities, so that after all the first question is how much
gas have we got to sell. The next questions are to whom, for
what purpose and for what price will we sell it.
All gas companies make a point of seeking what is ordi-
narily called domestic business, that is lighting, cooking, heating
and household purposes, and this business is supplied at the
highest price at a fixed rate in force in the community, with
here and there a sliding scale based upon quantity consumed.
Ordinarily this price is about one third, sometimes less, of
what the customer would have to pay for a commodity rendering
equivalent service. To my mind this is an entirely wrong situa-
tion. I see no reason why the consumer of natural gas should
not pay something near the value of the service considered in
its relation to competing commodities rendering equivalent
service.
We are met with the argument that the people should have
the benefit of the resources of nature. I have even heard the
argument that nature placed the gas in the ground, and that as
man did not create it, therefore he who takes it from the ground
and conveys it to market should only be paid the cost of the
service he renders. I cannot see this argument possesses any
merit. When the farmer plants wheat he afterwards reaps that
which nature creates and ripens into a finished product, but so
far I have not heard the argument advanced that the farmer
should sell his wheat at cost plus six percent. I firmly believe
we should strive to obtain that price for our product that it is
really worth, and I believe such a policy will redound not only
to the benefit of the companies in the business but to the direct
benefit of the users of the product, because it will decrease the
average consumption j>er meter, and will prolong the time the
public may enjoy the benefits of natural gas.
That the natural gas producer must in the future secure a
higher average price for his product is a proposition which can-
not be disputed. The constantly increasing cost of labor and
materials, the diminishing supply of the product itself, the neces-
sity of going farther away from the market to maintain a supply
of gas, makes it absolutely imperative that the average price
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336 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
per thousand be increased if the producer is to keep in business
and the public is to have the benefit of his efforts. It is not an
easy matter to secure an advance in the price of the product
where the public have been educated to expect and demand a
low price, particularly where the buyer has and exercises the
right to fix the price he will pay. In almost every line of pri-
vate endeavor the seller of the product makes the price he will
sell for it. In the public utility field the buyers say what price
they will pay for it, consequently it becomes absolutely necessary
to convince the buyer who is fixing the price, either that the
product is worth more money or that he will have to pay the
price or do without it.
How to accomplish this with the least friction and still
retain the good will of the public is the problem. Several years
experience with commission control has not made me enthusiastic
over the results to be obtained from the commissions when
seeking rate increases. The expense of preparation for the
necessary hearings is usually very great, and the delays are usually
such that it may well be that the net result will not be found to
be very advantageous to the parties concerned. The engineer
for one of the State Commissions recently made the statement
that "It is an axiom that it is almost as expensive to win a rate
case as to lose one." I have in mind one rate case wherein I
believe the expense to the city, to the gas company, and the tax
payers of the state has not been less than $25,000, and the com-
pany is not one of the large companies at that. This case has
been pending for over two years and the decision has not yet
been given out.
It is quite possible for a company to have a rate case forced
upon it by one of the smaller communities, the resulting expense
of which would more than exceed the total revenues derived
from the town for several years. I do not say this in criticism
of any commission or of any commission control, as I have
always supported the idea of commission regulation: I merely
desire to point out that in my judgment it is better to dispose of
rate questions directly in the communities where they arise. I
believe that we who have natural gas to sell have not given the
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 337
attention that we should have to proper selling methods and the
education of the public generally, to the benefits the public
receives from natural gas and the value thereof.
I estimate that at least ninety-five per cent of the gas sold
for domestic purposes is sold to, used by, and paid for by
women. The average man is perfectly content to turn over to
the woman of the household full control and responsibility of
the domestic establishment. Whether or not the women vote
in any given community, they can and do wield an enormous
influence in that community in regard to any economic question
that affects their comfort and well-being. If any gas man doubts
the statement that the great majority of his customers are women,
let him take his stand any time at the cashier's window when gas
bills are being paid, and I think he will very soon be convinced.
The women know more about the comfort and convenience of
gas in the house than men do. I have had women say to me,
"Why, I would give up my telephone, my electric lights, and
almost anything I have in the house before I would do without
gas service." Time and again I have had customers say, "I
would be willing to pay almost anything to keep natural gas."
A striking illustration of the interest women take in natural
gas came under my observation some time since. A certain
company had been forced into a rate controversy with the polit-
ical authorities whose sole aim and object, admittedly, was to
compel a reduction in price, regardless of the eflfect such reduc-
tion might have on the service. The company planned and car-
ried into effect an advertising campaign using the daily papers
for the purpose. The campaign was based upon the idea that
the wcrnien would finally control the whole situation. The
weather was warm and but little gas was being used. In order
to get the women interested and bring the matter to their atten-
ticm, the company published an advertisement offering a prize of
five dollars in gold to each of the first five women who would
send to the company's office a complete set of twelve consecutive
months paid gas bills. It was estimated that not over fifty replies
would be received, the real idea in the advertisement being to
get the women to thinking and talking natural gas. The response
82
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338 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
was amazing. Within two hours after the advertisement ap-
peared, the first five complete sets of paid bills were in the
company's office. Altogether five hundred replies were received.
Fifteen years experience and contact with the gas using
public has taught me that the best asset a public utility company
can have is the good will of its customers. In fact its value can
hardly be estimated at too high a figure. Good will can only be
secured and maintained by constant good service and fair deal-
ing.
I have borne at some length on this phase because I want
to call attention to the fact that the good will of the community
and the belief of our customers in our honesty and fair dealing
will very often be the deciding factor in enabling us to settle
rate controversies right where they spring up, without the ex-
pense and delays incident to appeals to commissions or court
proceedings.
The domestic load is usually about six times as great in cold
weather as in the summer. This compels the company to main-
tain line and compressor capacity and gas supply for a peak load
six times as great as the low domestic load. The result is that
there is an excess of line and compressor capacity which ordi-
narily cannot be used in the summer ; also an excess gas supply.
If the domestic consumer could be educated to the point of pay-
ing a price sufficiently high to enable the company to maintain
this excess as a reserve for future use the problem would be
simplified somewhat. Unfortunately we have not reached this
ideal condition. Every company is compelled to tackle the prob-
lem of how to dispose of this summer excess gas at the best
price. My solution is, get on industrial consumers at a price as
near the equivalent of competing fuels as can be obtained. In
securing this business we will have to radically change our
methods. The day is past when we can take a piece of pipe with
little holes in it, call it a burner, and put it under a boiler and
supply gas through it. Competitive conditions not only demand
a change in the methods of installation and appliances used, but
also in the character of the men who solicit and have charge
of this class of business. Gone also is the day of the pipe fitters
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
and plumbers in the handling of high grade installations. The
men we send after the business should be, so far as possible
engineers trained in the laboratory, with at least a working
knowledge of the laws of combustion; men who are able to go
into an industrial plant and work out appliances and systems of
applying natural gas in efficient ways to the problems of that
particular industry. The companies who have recognized this
condition and have acted accordingly are the ones who today
are securing the highest prices for industrial gas. A manufac-
turer recently made the statement in my presence that he figured
the cost of the gas from his oil producer plant was equal to
sixty-cent natural gas. Manifestly if industrial plants can and
do pay forty and fifty cents per thousand for artificial gas with
a B. T. U. content of 550, why should they not at least pay that,
or more, for natural gas with a B. T. U. content almost double
that of artificial gas ?
As I said above, the problem of how to dispose of the
product at the highest price must be solved by each company,
due consideration being given to individual conditions, such as
amount of supply, character and extent of market, etc. No hard
and fast rule can be laid down to apply to all cases. Generally
speaking I would say, first, let us study the possibilities of our
own business carefully and in the light of scientific developments,
second, educate ourselves to think of our business as a business
selling a service rather than a commodity, third, let us educate
the public as to the value of natural gas service, fourth, let us
go after the industrial business using the best methods that the
ingenuity and trained brains of the gas industry can devise.
DISCUSSION.
After the hearty round of applause had subsided following
the reading of Mr. Denning's paper. President Guffey said: I
am sure every member of the Association joins with me in
thanking Mr. Denning for the very able and instructive paper
he has just read. The meeting is now open for a general dis-
cussion on the paper "Rates". To start the discussion I am
going to ask Mr. J. H. Maxon, President and General Manager
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340 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
of The Central Indiana Gas Company, Muncie, Indiana, to come
forward and address us.
Mr. John H. Maxon: Mr. President and Gentlemen: Mr.
Denning insists that rates and charges should be established that
will produce, for the Natural Gas Industry, a higher average
price per thousand feet of gas delivered, and greater net earn-
ings; and no fair minded man who is familiar with the present
status of the natural gas industry will refuse to support this
proposition.
The true value of natural gas service may be said to be
that amount which the user of the gas would have to pay for
another service or commodity, which could produce for him the
same results which the natural gas he uses does produce. This
being true, then it may be said, that no persons, firms, or cor-
porations in the United States are being more poorly or inad-
equately compensated for the article, service, or commodity fur-
nished to the public than are the natural gas companies.
That an increase in rates (if we take this to mean an increase
on the ^'straight rate" basis of the price per thousand feet) is
not always followed by an increased net earning is certain.
What is needed is an adjustment of rates and charges that
will place the present unprofitable customer in the profit pro-
ducing class; and the careful analysis of the sales of any gas
utility will show that the unprofitable customers' names occupy
the major number of the lines on our ledgers.
In every gas distributing operation, there occurs a certain
amount of operating expense that does not vary with the amount
of gas being used. The cost of maintaining offices, clerical
work, reading the meters and delivering the bills are among
the items. A total of these charges, divided by the number of
consumers will show the "consumer cost" which is outside of
the cost or value of whatever gas is delivered ; and outside, also,
of return and depreciation to the property involved in the de-
livering of the gas.
Analysis of operating costs of different gas utilities shows
that the "consumer cost" amounts to a very large sum, ranging
anywhere from $6.00 to $12.00 per year per consumer. Prob-
ably no more fair or equitable method of adjusting rates and
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 341
charges for natural gas service could be found than to make a
fixed monthly charge against every consumer, outside of, and
in addition to the charge for the gas furnished ; and, of course,
the proper amount of such charge would vary in different
operations.
This method of charge to cover "consumer cost" has met
with strong opposition, but, I believe the plan should be earnestly
advocated by the gas interests, as it can easily be shown to be
entirely justifiable, and is perhaps preferable to the plan of
obtaining the same results by increasing the price per thousand
on the initial deliveries of gas, or, by the use of a "minimum"
charge, as the "consumer charge" in itself provides a minimum
charge. With proper explanation, regulatory bodies may be
convinced of the merit of this plan, and I am confident that the
public mind will approve, after full and complete explanation
has been given through judicious publicity.
For the purpose of securing fair and equitable compensation,
the present price per thousand cubic feet for natural gas need
not be materially changed, provided, proper charges covering
"consumer cost," readiness to serve expense, and demand
charges covering the cost of providing for variable demand are
added to the present schedules of rates. Considering the rate
subject I think it would be very well if rates which might be
termed prohibitive rates and used for the purpose of discourag-
ing any class of service that brings break-down in our service
or rates that will enable the companies to provide facilities to
carry peak load business might be given sober and deliberate
thought in an earnest effort to work out a proper solution of
this complex situation.
I believe that the natural gas interests should unite on
some plan whereby a complete survey of the territory where
natural gas is now delivered should be made, in order to deter-
mine what prices are competitive with other service or com-
modity that could be used to do the work now accomplished by
natural gas; and that a strong co-operative effort should be
made to convince the public that in its interest, and the interest
of true conservation of a great natural resource, much higher
charges for natural gas service are desirable.
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W2 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
As Mr. Denning points out^ natural gas has always been
marketed without attaching a value to the gas at its source.
This also has been largely true of the marketing of coal, but
recently our brethren in the coal business have begun to attach
great values to coal at its source, and are making up for lost
opportunities by leaps and bounds.
In concluding my remarks on "Rates" let me say, that the
natural gas man, whenever he thinks on this subject, should
have the following incontrovertible fact fixed firmly in his mind :
"No man knows how to manufacture a commercially practical
gas that is, foot for foot, much more than one half as valuable
as natural gas (applause).
President Guffey: We would like to hear from Mr. R.
H. Bartlett of the Oklahoma Natural Gas Company.
Mr. R. H. Bartlett: Mr, President and gentlemen of this
Convention: When the suggestion was made that I make a
few remarks by way of discussion on this paper, I had two
thoughts in my mind, one was why they asked me, and the other
was what I would say.
Now Mr. Denning's paper has brought up for discussion a
subject that is of great interest to us all. Gas men generally
have been waiting in the gas rate trenches for a good many
years hoping for some decisive and concerted action with ref-
erence to natural gas rates. Volumes have been written and
many hours spent in discussing this all important subject. It is
very pleasing to we Western gas men to see these big splendid
gas organizations here in the East making some progress in the
solution of this perplexing problem. I believe more progress
has been made in the last two years on this subject than in the
whole twenty years preceding. To my mind the reason for this
is the businesslike way in which you are going at it. It is
simply the application of science to a business problem. There
is no question in my mind but what this subject is the paramount
issue of the entire natural gas business today.
Mr. Denning's paper is brief, — ^possibly because he was in the
habit of writing "briefs". He has made many good points and his
paper is interesting, but I have not had sufficient time to consider
it carefully for discussion. When we begin to talk about rates
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 343
at a Convention we are not only talking to the gas men, but
we are talking to our consumers as well, and we are talking to
our stockholders and to the utilities commissioners of all the
states where natural gas is sold. It goes into the record and
is spread broadcast. Now some of us who may be fortunate
enough to be making a little money at our present rates don't
want to say much about rates. Others who are not breaking
even are anxious to have the subject brought up all the time and
want to be discussing it with everybody to find out what they
can do to remedy their condition. We all agree that we ought
to have higher rates. Higher rates does what? It conserves
gas. We must conserve the gas if we are going to stay in the
business. Higher rates bring our stockholders a little better
return. Probably all the interest that our stockholders have in
the natural gas business is the dividend check they get every
three months. Their ideas do not go much beyond that. In
fact, I do not know whether there are very many large stock-
holders belonging to this association or not. They ought to
belong. They are the owners of these properties. They ought
to be here helping out in the discussion and in the solution of
these vital questions.
The conservation theory is the most vital to the gas man.
Without that we will all come to grief sooner or later. This
subject IS a mighty broad subject. You can write volumes on it.
You can talk all around and come right back where you started
from and you find that you have not said much.
One difficulty that comes to my mind is the fact that there
are so many varied rates all over the country. The people do
not understand that. One company may make money at twenty-
five cents a thousand and another company may lose money at
thirty-five cents a thousand. These commissioners get all this
information that comes through this convention ; they get all the
circular letters that the gas people send out; they get all the
printed statements year after year; they compare them and I
do not blame them for some of the opinions they form. It is a
big propisition ; it is a complex proposition. You can talk for a
week and you have only just begun to say something about rates.
Now we all concede that they are too low. We all agree on that.
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344 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
How did tfaey happen to get so low ? What did we do? Whose fault
is it? It is not the people's fault that they are low. They were a
little better traders than we were. That is all. I call to mind a
little thing that occurred years ago. Of course we all know
when we started in this gas business it was a flat rate system.
We started to sell something without measuring it. We let
them have all they wanted as long as they gave us a dollar per
stove. That is why we are on the defensive for higher rates
today. We did not have any way to satisfactorily measure it in
those days. We let them have all they wanted ; bum it as they
wished after opening doors and windows and we did not care
what they did with it; they paid us a dollar a stove in the
summer time and two dollars in the winter time. That illus-
trates the ridiculousness of the proposition at the start. Eigh-
teen dollars per year for gas to cook and heat with, for a whole
family.
What I was going to say was to refer to a little personal
experience when I first started in the business some nineteen or
twenty years ago. It was in a little town. Of course you will
all recall who were engaged in the gas business in those early
days that when it started in its infancy it started in the smaller
towns first. We did not get into these big cities until we got
more gas. People then didn't know what they had. The whole
proposition was crude and they didn't know what to charge
and so they started in on this flat rate system. A little incident
comes to my mind in the little town where I worked in the gas
business. Wood was very cheap. Farmers brought it into the
little village. It didn't cost much and merchants would trade
groceries or trade a bottle of medicine or dry goods for a load
of wood. When gas came in and they started to pay a real
dollar per month or two dollars per month and they stopped to
consider whether it was not more expensive than the wood for
fuel. Their bills ran up to eighteen or twenty dollars a year.
Just think of it! They commenced to trade and dicker with
the early gas men right from the start. Women began to trade.
They came to the gas office and said, "I cannot afford to pay a
dollar for this gas for a whole month. I can't afford to pay the
increased price. It has been costing us fifty cents for our fuel.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 345
Of course I like the gas and I am willing to pay a little more
for it, but my husband is a druggist." That was the case in the
particular instance I am bringing to my mind. ''And he makes
liniment and furniture polish at two or three cents a bottle
and when the farmer comes in he trades this for wood and our
fuel bill don't cost us only a few dollars a year." Once in a
while they slipped in a bottle of Peruna. In those days gas
men were easy and they were anxious for business and they
had more gas than they knew what to do with and they let that
lady get by at fifty cents a month just to keep her still. She
talked about it. Then similar arrangements had to be made
with other customers. Then when the gas in the local field
began to go down a little — we naturally turned our attention
to higher rates. I don't know the history of this meter business,
but the meter came in vogue and we started to sell by the meters
and when we began to figure at the rate per thousand feet based
against the flat rate system, we had to make the rate per thou-
sand pretty low to keep the public off the back of our neck. That
is my idea of how we got started on this low price basis. That
is just a little reminiscence. It does not do any good now so
far as this subject is concerned except to call our minds back
to the way in which this matter got started wrong. However, I
am taking up a lot of time without getting anywhere and that
is about what I expected to do when I came up here. We got
these meter rates in so low that in a very short time we were
required to figure on a method for getting them up higher and
we have been figuring along that line now for twenty years
and we will keep on figuring until the public realizes the benefit
and importance of higher gas rates, to the end that the natural
gas may be conserved and the gas properties realize an adequate
return on the investment.
We boosted the rates a couple of cents in Bradford years
ago. I remember the first experience I ever had in raising rates.
We raised the rates I think from twenty-two to twenty-four
cents or something like that. It was a two-cent raise as I re-
member. We did not have the mayor and the council after us
then. Politicians were not jumping on corporations at that time
for political effect. After the rate was boosted two cents for
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346 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
three or four months we would stand at the counter and argue
with customers why they ought to pay a little more money for
this same product they had been getting cheaper. After while
we talked them out of it and discouraged them in continuing
their opposition and the rest went along all right. That was
the way the gas companies did when they first began to raise
meter rates. The people then did not think of asking for an
injunction or anything of that kind. It was not long, however,
until they got into that field. Then we had the trouble with the
local municipal organizations. Every time we attempted to raise
the rate a cent or two cents a thousand we were called upon
the carpet and then we had this same subject to hash over back
and forth. Their minds were not open. We knew that on account
of the uncertainty of the business we ought to have more money.
Depreciation of property is more or less of an estimate and of
course we know nothing about how long gas is going to last.
There is absolutely no fixed rule for rates. There is no fixed
rule in the matter of gas and gas supplies. There is no fixed
rule as to the deterioration of pipe. In fact, the whole game is
blind from start to finish. We will never know where we are
coming out until we do get out. That is my idea of the gas
business.
Later one state after another created the public utility
commissions which has occurred within the past few years.
I do not know and I have not figured out in my own mind
whether we are any better off with commissions now than we
were when dealing with the individual or local municipal author-
ities. It is a question. As a lot of commissioners read these
remarks, I will "soft pedal" a little bit. There are a lot of good
fellows on these commissions and they have taken hold of this
subject and they have gone into it very deeply. That is par-
ticularly true of Oklahoma. The difficulty with the conrniissicm
proposition is just the same as it is with local organizations.
About the time a man begins to learn a little bit about the gas
business and becomes familiar with the gas properties in his
district, he is out of office and another man comes in and he
has to go over the same ground again.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 347
Then another feature is the fact that the people generally
and particularly our customers, in the past at least, have been
a little more or less suspicious of public service corporations and,
indeed, of all corporations in general. I will not attempt to say
anything about why that is; but it has been so in the past.
However, I am glad to say that it is getting better. The people
are looking into these matters as they come up more and more
and it makes no difference whether it is the gas business or what
it is. They do not want to be talking on a subject unless they
know something about it. They are not as crazy as I am
(laughter and applause).
There are one or two other matters that I had in mind, but
1 do not want to take up so much time. In fact, I am very
anxious to get away from here myself. This rate proposition
and conservation proposition is a great problem in the gas busi-
ness. I have had gas men say to me, "Bartlett, what are your
rates out in Oklahoma?" Well, the average domestic rate is
twenty-five cents and we sell boiler service down to ten cents.
Those are the regular rates, although there are some lower than
that. They say to me, "You fellows must be crazy. What is
the matter with you?*' Well, now probably we are. No ques-
tion about it I guess. A gas company may make a good earn-
ing at twenty-five cents, as I said before, whereas another gas
company will lose at a higher price, so that there is no way we
can make a fixed rate for the commodity because the whole
situation is different. There are so many different angles; so
many varying conditions ; so much hazard as to supply ; so great
uncertainty as to demand, that it is a problem about which there
can be no fixed standard. You have to charge in each locality
with reference to existing conditions in that locality. You have
to figure it out separately. We are fast coming to a condition
where we must raise all our rates in Oklahoma. But it seems
to me we ought to work out some fundamental rule to go by so
that we may be able to work together. There ought to be a
committee — a standing committee of this organization to whom
we could go when we get into rate trouble — and we would be
there all the time, of course — to get advice and try to work out
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348 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
a solution of this problem along similar lines and by similar
methods. If we had a concentration of all our energies may be
we could get somewhere.
Now in Oklahoma we have the trouble that Mr. EHescher
spoke about this morning, the waste of gas. The same thing
obtained in these fields in the East years ago, but never as bad
as it was in Oklahoma. The conditions out there were different.
There were so many sands ; so many operators. Ten or twelve
thousand operators, whereas a hand full back here. The ma-
jority of them did not know anything about the gas business
when they started drilling. They drilled right through gas sands
and let the gas blow. We had a situation of trying to sell some-
thing to the people that the producers in the field were blowing
away. We had to stop the waste first before we could talk
about rates and prices. I am glad to be able to say we have cut
that waste down. We have had the co-operation of the state
authorities and finally the Federal Government came in and
assisted us in the work of conservation. A great percentage of
the waste has been stopped. We will be in the gas business a
great deal longer out there on that account. I guess, Mr. Pres-
ident, I will not take any more of your time this afternoon.
(Applause.)
President Guffey : We would like to hear from Mr. H. J.
Hoover, Commercial Manager Gas Department, The Union Gas
& Electric Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, on this all-important
question.
Mr. H. J. Hoover: Mr. President, and gentlemen: Mr.
Maxon covered several points in his discussion on the rate subject
which I had in mind, but which are unnecessary to repeat be-
cause they were very well presented by him.
There is one thought that has occurred to my mind which
might be well to consider at this time. Last winter we were
probably all confronted with the solution of the complexing
problem of an abnormal demand for gas, due to an abnormal
condition. That abnormal condition may for the future become
a normal condition of demand. I do not believe there has ever
been any well defined decision by a public utilities commission
or a rate making body as to how far the responsibility of the
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 349
distributing company extends as to the question of adequate
service for its patrons. Going back to the artificial days, the
prime uses of gas were for lighting and cooking and some minor
uses such as water heating and perhaps incidental heating.
Natural gas has been so cheap and has been so good that people
are demanding it for the displacement of other fuels and they
have made a demand for it beyond the capacities largely of the
distribution companies' plants and these companies are brought
up to the point of making additional capital investment to supply
more gas. It seems to me that the question might well be con-
sidered of putting up to rate making bodies the determination
of the function of a distributing company and how far its re-
sponsibility may go. If a company which is now given the
privilege of selling gas under certain conditions, when it has
it to sell, at less than its franchise rates, it seems by the same
method of reasoning that it might be privileged to sell gas above
its franchise rates under certain abnormal conditions. In other
words, if the average consumption for what are considered
primary uses of gas could be fixed we will say at eight thousand
or ten thousand cubic feet, or whatever the rate making bodies
upon proper investigation would find it would cover, then to give
to the gas companies the privilege during the peak months to
sell gas if they have it to sell or if they are justified in making
the capital investment to supply it, at a substantially higher rate
than the franchise rate in supplying the average consiuner. That
might be somewhat radical, but if it can be established it would
be a move in the right direction. It was somewhat recognized
in Ohio last year by the ccmimission during the gas shortage, that
it had the right under its powers and for the purpose of taking
care of a large majority of the public to discontinue the use of
gas in large quantities to certain consumers. In our city they
cut it down to the point of even asking the users of gas of one
hundred thousand feet per month to get oflF the lines. If the
G)mmission has the power, or assumes that power, — I doubt if
it has ever been presented to the courts for settlement, but if it
has that discretionary power, it seems to me it is reasonable to
suppose it may fix a point in our business by which you are
required to give adequate service three hundred and sixty-five
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360 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
days in the year, but it will not mean that you will have to make
additional investment to take care of the peak load of perhaps a
few days or a few weeks. But if you are in a position to do
it and can get contracts to justify you in doing it, it seems to
me it should be the privilege of the gas company to do it. Now
that is just a thought, but it has this advantage, that it would
be popular with the people. If you can reasonably assure nine
of your customers that they will have adequate service three
hundred and sixty-five days in the year, if you can fix a price,
even though it is higher than the franchise price to the tenth
consumer that will prevent the interfering with the service of the
nine consumers it will certainly be popular with the people and
after all, rate making bodies will have to have the support of
the gas buying public just the same as they will have to have
the support of the people selling gas. I have discussed this with
a few gas men and it has met their approbation. I believe it
may be worked out. I am giving it to you for what it is worth.
It is somewhat radical. Mr. Maxon has covered the other points
and that is all I wish to say. (Applause).
President Guffey : We would like to hear from Mr. Stone
of The Ashtabula Gas Company if he is present.
Mr. Frederick W. Stone : Mr. President and gentlemen ;
the paper has been pretty well covered by the gentlemen who
have preceded me and they have taken about all the "thunder"
that I have, but there are one or two features that have not been
touched upon —
Voices : Louder please so we can hear you.
Mr. Frederick W. Stone: Did somebody say louder?
Voices: Yes; yes.
Mr. Frederick W. Stone: All right. I was saying that
one or two thoughts have occurred to me which have not been
mentioned. One was that the public, of course, fixes the price.
That is not a new thought, but in connection with it we have been
so anxious to have the price fixed in a number of cases that we
have agreed to fix the price for a longer term of years than
seems advisable under present conditions. The ordinary term
of years for a price fixing ordinance in Ohio is ten years, but
it seems under existing conditions it would be just as well if
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 861
the gas companies could work out a scheme by which they would
agree to a price fixing ordinance for a period of five years. In
five years you will probably need a much higher price than you
are getting now and you will probably get it.
Another thought that occurred to me, I might go even
further than that and say I really believe as far as natural gas
companies are concerned that they are just as well off if they
did not have any contract at all with a municipality. If they
have no franchise; if they are able to say "If you want the gas,
all right; but if you don't want the gas at a good price and for
such a price as the company regards as an adequate price, then
we will just suspend business with you and get out. We would
like to do business with you, but do not want to do it at too low
a price." That is a pretty radical view to take of the situation ;
but I really believe it might be a solution of some of the dif-
ficulties we are laboring under at the present time. Mr. Den-
ning has said that he thought one solution of the price problem
was to sell gas for industrial purposes. I agree with him that
that is one of the solutions but when you come to selling gas
for a low price, for we will say boiler purposes, it always seemed
to me it was almost like feeding hot house lettuce to a cow.
That is about the size of it. You are wasting mighty good
material in a very poor way and the better way would be to
work out some sort of scheme whereby that gas could be con-
served for the purpose for which it is best adapted. The purpose
for which it is best adapted and the purpose for which the people
want it is undoubtedly for domestic consumption.
Mr. Hoover brought out a point along the same line that I
want to refer to briefly. The point has been pretty well estab-
lished that distributing companies are entitled to a readiness to
serve charge because they have the meter and they have the
men and they have the clerical force and all that sort of thing
which they keep in readiness to serve the consumer regardless
of the quantity of gas he uses. I will go a step further than
that; while I am a distribution man and have nothing to do
with the production end of the business, yet, on the other hand,
I am rather inclined to think that the producing company is en-
titled to a certain extent to a readiness to serve charge. If they
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362 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
are expected to handle the peak load and to maintain a ten inch
line when an eight inch line would be just as well under normal
conditions, they are entitled to a readiness to serve charge to
the consumer of the gas. It seems to me if we could inaugurate
some plan of that kind along that line, we would not need to
sell gas for industrial purposes at such ruinously low prices.
We will be able to get enough revenue from our domestic con-
sumption so as to be able to serve them all the time.
The public fixes the price and in order to get a higher price
from the public, you have to educate them to the higher price.
You have to tell them something about what gas is worth in
relation to other fuels. Someone said here this morning that
they were very much surprised at the low prices at which natural
gas men were willing to sell their product. There is no reason
at all why we should sell natural gas for thirty or thirty-five or
forty cents a thousand where artificial gas companies are getting
from a dollar to a dollar and a half a thousand for exactly the
same thing. The trouble is we have not had the nerve to ask
what our commodity is worth. We have not advertised it enough.
We have not told the people its advantages. There are two ways
of educating the people. One is to educate them to the advan-
tages and economies to be derived from its use and the other
way^ is to educate them in regard to the cost and the hazards
incident to the natural gas business. We have not done either
one. A woman will go to the grocery stor« for oat meal or sugar
or something of that kind and she will usually pay a much higher
price for a package of the article than for the same goods in
bulk and she will usually do it simply because she believes the
package goods are not more economical, but more convenient to
handle and possibly a little cleaner and maybe she thinks she
will get a little better article, or she will telephone the grocer
and have him deliver the goods to her home and pay a good
stiff price, whereas if she would take her market basket and go
down to market, she could buy the same article much cheaper,
but she takes into consideration only the matter of convenience
and will not go down to market where she could buy the article
to the best advantage, but telephones to the grocery and gets the
goods in that way because it is more convenient to her and she
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 353
wants to save time and trouble. She has been educated that
way. We have not educated the women that way in the use of
the natural gas and half of them do not realize because they
have not been told how convenient it is; how clean it is; how
good natural gas is as a domestic fuel.
Another feature of the business I desire to mention at this
time. When you go before councilmen or before a commission
or anything like that, when it comes to talking about the price
of natural gas you have to talk figures and you have to have
the figures before you in order to do it accurately. You know
just as well as I do that two-thirds of the natural gas men do
not know how much their business costs them. They do not
know how much it costs to produce the natural gas. They do not
know how much it costs to transport it. They do not know how
much it costs to distribute it. They never make any analysis
of their accounts. They have never taken into consideration all
the factors which enter into the costs which go to make up the
price of natural gas net to the distributor. They never take into
consideration the intangible factor which goes to add to the cost
of the article to the distributor. They do not take into con-
sideration the overheads or the things that do not appear on the
surface. As for example the matter of depreciation, original
investment and various expenses constituting important intan-
gible factors in figuring costs. They are the things that really
cost and which we ought to work out in a systematic way so
that when we are called upon to appear before rate making
bodies we will have the accurate figures at hand showing total
costs. I do not know why it is, but there is no business where
we put the "soft pedal" on figures as we do in the natural gas
business. For example take the matter of leakage. Ask the
ordinary gas man if he suffers from leakage. He says yes, he
had a little leakage, of course, but not very much. Well, what
is it? He does not exactly know and he will hedge and fuss
around. Go to the manager who operates many of our plants
and ask him. He does not know very much about it. So that if
you go to the manager for these facts you are not able to get
very much out of him. I am just using that argument by way
of illustration. We do not know what our leakage is. You can
23
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;r»4 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
state what the average figure for it is and consequently when
you go to talk to rate making bodies about the cost of gas and
you say to them that gas costs thirty cents with a ten percent
leakage, making the actual cost at the meter thirty-three cents,
you have no figures to back up your statement. It seems to me
we ought to analyze our costs and really know just how we are
doing business. I had another ix)int in that connection, but it
has slipped my mind just now. However, I guess I have said
enough anyway. I thank you very much. (Applause).
President Guffey: We would like to hear from Mr.
Miles B. Layton, Assistant Manager Manufacturers Light and
Heat Company of Pittsburgh, on this important subject.
Mr. IVIiles B. L.wton : Mr. President and gentlemen: on
Saturday morning I found on my desk one of those persuasive
letters from our friend, Mr. Holbrook, saying that enclosed was
a printed copy of the paper written by our friend, Mr. Denning,
and asking me to discuss it today. Not being able to get in touch
with Mr. Denning, on my arrival here this morning I found that
he was ill. Otherwise I might have had him change the title of
this very interesting article which he has prepared for us and
have had it read something like this and I feel confident if I had
talked with him he would have heartily agreed with me: "Sug-
gestions For Natural Gas Salesmen Which Will Bring About
a Fair Rate and a Satisfied Consumer."
^Ir. Leslie B. Denning: I heartily endorse that. That
is the substance of the whole article.
Mr. Miles B. Layton : I have had a varied experience in
the sale of natural gas covering quite a number of years. It is
an easy matter for a fellow to stand up here and tell you what
you ought to do, but it is an entirely diflFerent proposition to
do it yourself and get results. But at the same time, there is
this one feature that has been wrong and has been staring us
in the face all the years in which we have been selling natural
gas. Rates are only estimates of actual values. We started in
wrong. We had no conception of the value of natural gas when
we started out. It had been blowing in the air free for years
and ])eople passed it by as of no value. We discovered one day
we conld nsc it and it would furnish heat bv its use. We then
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 356
applied it. We started to use it. We had been using wood
and coal. Wood in the early days was plentiful and coal was
much cheaper than it is now. You all remember when we cut
our wood with the little buck saw and didn't think much about
the cost of our fuel, for in those days it was a very inconsider-
able item of expense. We said, *'WeH, we will just substitute
gas." Our wages were not very high and the value of replacing
it with a fuel which cost no labor was very small and the result
was that we started in on the wrong basis, never taking into
consideration for one moment the actual value of natural gas for
heating purposes and manufacturing purposes. Now we have
suffered the sins of our forefathers all these years. We have
had to come back in a begging attitude all the time. We have
failed to say to the consumer that it is costing us more money
to get it; the fields are becoming depleted. We all know this to
be the fact. The fellow who is successful in getting an increased
rate for gas from the consumer is the one who is in personal
touch with the manufacturer or with the domestic consumer,
even though it would be a lady. They are not the only ones who
are willing to pay a fair price for natural gas. The moment that
you can talk to them and tell them of the actual necessities;
the conditions under which we are working; the failing supply;
the increased demand ; the extension of pipe lines running over
long distances and everything of that kind that comes in contact
with it, that moment you have those consumers agreeing to pay
that increased price. Now your inability to show him and show
him conclusively that you are honest in what you are saying to
him. that moment you will fail to get him willingly to concede
you are entitled to a higher price ; but if you are able to tell him
that there is this necessity ; that you should receive more money
for your produce, from that moment that you can convince
him that is true, then he is willing to pay a higher price for the
conveniences and advantages he derives from the article you have
for sale. That has been my experience for years. We only fail
when we are endeavoring to get an increased price for natural gas ;
when we suddenly spring upon an unsuspecting public, without
giving them any idea of what is coming, like a stroke of light-
ning out of a clear sky, the unheralded announcement that "to-
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35(> NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
morrow morning," or "commencing with the first day of July,
the rate for natural gas will be raised to thirty cents a thou-
sand/' He immediately becomes *'peeved." That is good Eng-
lish because it is a word we should use every day. He imme-
diately becomes peeved at the thought that you would say to
him arbitrarily that that was the price he will have to pay.
Had we taken him into our confidence and said to him, "Now,
we are thinking of raising our price on. natural gas the first of
July for the reason of the increased cost and the diminished
supply," and telling him frankly and freely all the other factors
that enter into it, he immediately feels that that is something
that he is going to be required to acquiesce in from the stand-
point of even justice and he commences to think. He analyzes
the situation with the result that when he finishes analyzing the
situation, he is willing to pay the price. Without trespassing
too much on your time, I will give you a few of my own exjie-
riences. I hope they may be of help to you. I am not brushing
oflF my own medals when I am telling you of these instances, but
I am just telling you the plain facts because these are features
of the business that each of you must face and must come in
contact with and probably many of you have come in contact
with more frequently than I. I have been brushing up on the
rate question a good deal of late and endeavoring to boost
prices for the most wonderful product that Nature or the
Almighty has ever given to the human family, and that is nat-
ural gas. In my researches I have found this to be true and I
refer to a celebrated case which went on for a number of years.
There was a complaint from a consumer who had been called
upon and who was notified to pay an increase in rate. It ran
along for some time — and here is just a little history which
shows how important it is to come in personal contact and get
in personal touch w-ith our consumers. A man who had utterly
refused to do anything and all the influences which it was pos-
sible to bring^ about had been employed to get him to withdraw his
complaint, was called upon and after discussing it for some
time he says, "What do you want me to do; you tell me there
will he a shortage and that I must prepare for something else.
I know that it is costing more money than it ever cost and I am
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 357
not only willing to pay the price you have asked for it, but I
am willing to pay an increased price, if necessary." Now why
was that? Because he was led to realize the importance of an
increased price if he expected to get the supply and he had
implicit confidence in the statements that were made to him as
to the necessity for the increase in price. Now I urge on all of
you that we must take the general public into our confidence if
we would have a satisfied consumer. First give him service. If
you are not able to give him service which he is willing to
pay for then explain to him the exact facts. Be honest with
him. Do not hesitate and keep from him the facts ; but say to
him there will be a shortage and that you better prepare to take
care of yourself when these peak loads come on an extremely
cold day. What will he do? He says he will be willing to pay
for the service at the increased price because he feels that you
are doing everything that you possibly can to get the gas for him.
We started in wrong at the beginning. It is a good deal like
the fellow who had his head hurt. He applied to the doctor
to have his head bandaged. He says, "What is the matter with
you?" "I had my head hurt." He put on the X-rays and
looked it all over and he says, "There is only one thing for you
to do." "What is it?" "Take your brain out and scrape it."
Well, he says, "What do you mean?" "Why," he says, "That
is all I can do for you ; it will take at least a couple of days."
He says, "All right, it is doing me no good where it is now ; go
ahead." The doctor replied, "Come back in a couple of days
and I will have it ready for you." The fellow was gone for
several weeks and he came back to the doctor's office and the
doctor said, "Where have you been all this time ?" "Oh, I have
been having a good time." The doctor says, "What have you
been doing?" "Oh, I just went out and got in the natural gas
business" (laughter and applause).
I don't want to give you any fatherly advice, but I want to
say to you, as members of this Association, take your gray
matter with you when you discuss supply and demand of the
commodity you have for sale. Be fortified with facts and
figures so that you can make the public, the public utilities com-
missioners, the manufacturer and the people of the community
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a58 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
know what the facts are. Give them all the information you
have as to the actual condition of the commodity which you are
selling; that it is a hundred percent pure; that it is the real
thing and the only real thing for accomplishing the purposes for
which it is used and that you are giving them their full share
and that it is costing you from time to time more money than
you are receiving for it. Tell them that if they want to con-
tinue in the service, they must pay you more money for it. It
is not a question merely of advertising, but take a clean sheet
of paper and figure out for them that you need so much money
for development; yon need so much money for running ex-
penses and extensions to pipe lines and that for all of these
necessary expenses, in order to get the supply to meet the
demand, you must have five cents more on the thousand cubic feet
for your gas. Then after the public has been informed as to
your necessities in order to supply the demand and make a rea-
sonable profit, publish it the next morning in the newspapers
that the price after July first will be five cents more. Do not
be content with merely announcing that after a certain time the
price will be raised five cents, but go further than that and be
ready to tell them intelligently, honestly and frankly the reasons
for the increase of price. I thank you very much (applause).
President Guffey : We have heard from most every part
of the United States on the question of rates except northwestern
Ohio. I am sure we all want to hear from our friend, Mr,
James W. McMahon, General Manager, The Northwestern Ohio
Natural Gas Company, Toledo, Ohio. Mr. McMahon, will you
come forward and say a few words on this subject?
Mr. James W. McMahon: Mr. President, it is an unex-
pected pleasure you have extended to me in giving me the
opportunity to say something about rates and to comment on
Mr. Denning's very excellent paper. There is just one item in
his paper to which I would for a moment draw your attention
and that is that portion thereof wherein he says there can be no
hard and fast rule laid down for rates. That is true. Most of you
are tied up by contract. Most of the companies are tied up by
contract for several years. You cannot break the contract. You
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 369
have to supply the gas if you can get it. Now that is an unfor-
tunate condition to be placed in.
The natural gas business as far as rates are concerned is in
a chaotic condition. Take it for example in the city of Toledo.
We have 4,600 families that pay us thirty-five cents per month
for a year of twelve months. The overhead charge on our
meters, including labor and other incidentals, is over sixty-five
cents. In other words, we are giving -them a thousand feet of
gas for domestic use and are presenting them thirty cents per
month for the privilege of having them connected with our
company (laughter and applause). We have 6,200 customers
that pay us seventy cents per month; sixty-five cents for over-
head and labor and we give them two thousand feet of gas at
an average cost of two and a half cents per thousand that we
are paying eighteen or twenty cents for down at the Ohio River.
Now I don't know how you are going to get away from it. You
say you will fix rates. You get up here and talk about fixing
rates, but you must remember that the commission usually fixes
the rates for us. We may say what we will about fixing rates ;
but the commission will fix the rate for us. It seems to me that
is the place where we must do our educating. The people buy g^as
as cheap as they can. If you go to work and raise the price of
gas generally, you have not stopped discrimination. The man that
is getting his gas for thirty-five cents per thousand now and only
using one thousand cubic feet per month for twelve months is
riding free with the customers who are paying cost plus profit,
and if you raise five cents per thousand, the discrimination still
exists. I think about the only way to arrive at a solution of this
rate problem is to have a readiness-to-serve charge of some kind
or a sliding scale fixing the maximum price for the first one
thousand feet or any part thereof and then a sliding scale on
down so that each consumer will pay his proper proportion for the
gas used. I do not see how you are going to get away from the
discrimination if you do not do something like that and I do not
believe any of you are going to get a great ways with rates at
the present time. As far as I can find out, most of you are tied
up for the next four or five years and I think at the expiration
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360 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
of the term of the contract that you have with your various towns,
natural gas will be so scarce that you will have to have an ade-
quate rate if you sell it (applause).
President Guffey: Is there any other member of the
Association present who would like to be heard on this subject?
We would be very glad to hear from you if you have anything
to add by way of discussion or common on the all-important
topic of rates. If not, we will proceed with the regular program.
Mr. Leslie B. Denning: I would just like to say a few
words in closing this discussion.
President Guffey : I am sure we would all be very glad
to hear from Mr. Denning. I should have called upon him to
close the discussion on his paper.
Mr. Leslie B. Denning: Mr. President and gentlemen: I
have tried to point out in what I have said my belief in the ability
and willingness of the public themselves to control the rate
situation in the end. To illustrate what I mean I want to tell
you a couple of instances that came under my observation and
actual experience in the last year or two. In a certain city
which will be nameless at the present time, the mayor was elected
upon a campaign of reduction in the price of service of all
utilities, including every class of utility in the city. He became
very active. He selected to assist him in his work a certain so-
called expert who had what might be called a national reputa-
tion. The expert, however, happened to be called to another
natural gas rate case that I had personal connection with and
in that case he testified under oath that he had no knowledge, —
that he had no experience whatsoever in the organization, man-
agement, development or conduct of a natural gas property;
that all the knowledge he had ever had, had been gained from
reading books and talking with men in the business. In the
particular city in which he began operating, the local newspapers
— or at least one of them — ^gave him a very flattering send-off,
spoke of his high standing and character and gave him a great
deal of publicity, publishing a long list of cases with which he
had been connected and showing how successful he was in his
particular line. It was apparent from the outset that nothing
could be gained by appealing to the fair-mindedness of the
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 361
mayor or expecting any fair treatment from him because he had
entered upon his campaign with the declared purpose of being
re-elected upon the platform of a decrease in the price of ser-
vice by public utilities and he was bent on carrying out his
campaign promises. The mayor had announced on a certain
day the town council would meet and would pass an ordinance
decreasing the price. The mayor happened to leave town, and
coming back on the morning of the day upon which he had
fixed the time for the passage of the ordinance decreasing the
price of gas he found appearing in every newspaper in the town,
the Italian paper, the German paper, the Trades Union paper
and every paper in the city in which space could be obtained,
a page advertisement addressed to his expert in which a series
of questions were put to him and his list of cases that had been
published in the newspapers were taken up one by one and he
was asked "Didn't you do so and so in that case? Didn't the
commission or the court do so and so in this case? Did they
not fix a higher rate in the other case? Did they not find a
much higher valuation?" and so on all the way down the line
and the advertisement wound up with a statement something
like this, "If you were seriously injured and it became necessary
to employ a surgeon to conduct a serious operation to save your
life, whom would you employ? The best and most skilled sur-
geon you could obtain or would you employ one who admittedly
had gained all his knowledge and experience in that particular
field of endeavor by reading books and talking with other sur-
geons?" When that advertisement appeared you could have
almost heard the laugh that went over the town. When the
mayor came back he postponed the meeting of the council until
the following month. That has been almost a year ago and
there has not been a session of the town council in that city
with reference to that subject since that time and the price has
not been reduced in that town up to date. I am simply giving
you that illustration showing the power of advertisement in
reaching the general public.
Another instance that occurred in practically the same cam-
paign. It became necessary to give notice of the discontinuance
of cheap boiler service, — and right here I want to say when I
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3G2 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
speak of "industrial service/' I do not have in mind boiler serv-
ice; but I have reference to that high grade business that can
afford to pay higher prices rather than discontinue the use of
natural gas and that is distinct from boiler service which is an-
other matter altogether. So do not fix in your minds the idea that
I am talking about industrial business when I am speaking of
cheap boiler service because I am not. I know that you can not
put that on the same basis as other kinds of service. In this
particular instance we gave notice that boiler service would be
discontinued on a certain day. There came considerable opposi-
tion from the Chamber of Commerce. The Chamber of Com-
merce being a very active factor in that city, they called a meet-
ing and a goodly number of representative business men of that
city attended the meeting. They proceeded at once to condemn
the gas company in unmeasured terms. They were about to pass
a resolution condemning the gas company for this so-called un-
warranted action in turning off boiler service to the industries of
the town. It occurred to them, however, that the gas company
might have something to say by way of defense as to why it had
taken this action and before passing the resolution they called
upon me as the representative of the company to see if I cared to
say anything. I told them I was very glad to be there, although
I had not been invited and the company had not been notified of
the meeting; that we had in our archives a beautifully engraved
certificate of membership in their honorable body for which we
had paid one hundred dollars per year for the privilege of being a
member of the Chamber of Commerce and yet, notwithstanding
the fact that we were a member of that body, with dues fully
paid up, we had not only not been invited to be present, but the
company had had no notice of this meeting. I said that I was
very glad to be there and would assist them in any way I could in
arriving at a correct understanding of the situation. I had taken
the precautions to have with me the monthly statements of the gas
company. I laid them down in a stack on top of the desk in front
of me and said to them, "Gentlemen, here are the private, confi-
dential statements of this company showing the actual costs of
operation, including all expenses, and showing actual receipts
from the operation of its business montli by month throughout the
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 363
year and you can pick out any one month — I do not care which
one you take — and if you do not believe I am telling the truth,
you may send in any public certified accountant or any competent
accountant in this city to examine our books to verify the truth-
fulness and the accuracy and the correctness of these monthly
statements and if you find anything misrepresented or anything
not true, then you do not need to believe a word I say." Then
I picked up one of the monthly statements at random and it hap-
pened to be the month of May. I said to them, "Gentlemen, this
statement of our business for the month of May shows that we
sold in this city 231,000,000 cubic feet of boiler gas at an average
price of so much and this same sheet shows that gas has cost us
so much in excess of the price we sold it for. Now as a sound
business proposition would any one of you business men have sold
the commodity that you were handling on the same basis? I
konw you would not. You could not afford to do it and hope to
continue in business. We can not afford to do it and hope to con-
tinue in business long. We want to be frank and fair minded and
straight forward about this whole matter. We are perfectly willing
to give you all the facts in relation to our business. We are per-
fectly willing to show you our books and to convince you that we
are telling the truth about what this gas costs us and what we get
for it ; but from the standpoint of good business, we can not sell
you that gas below cost and we do not propose to do it." So be-
fore we got through we had hard work to keep them from passing
a resolution condemning the mayor instead of us (applause).
Mr. John M. Garard: Mr. President, I do not want all
this to go by without this vast audience knowing where I stand.
I am so utterly biased on this rate question that what I have to
say won't do the outside public any good because the language I
would use would not be fit to be recorded in the report of our
* proceedings and the outside public would not know anything
about it. But when I come to consider how we have been be-
littled and how we have been sat upon by various consumers, both
industrial and domestic, I really feel so insignificant that I lose
all hope of ever being able to appear and obtain any credit at all,
l>efore these various commissions. We are simply the laughing
stock of everybody. There isn't any question about it. And
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364 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
when we thought if we put gas up to sixteen cents, we would lose
every customer we had and then wondered why we didn't make it
thirty and when we put it at thirty, they said, **Well, we will
take just about the same that we have been using,'' and then we
were disappointed because we did not make it forty, but decided
to split the difference and make it thirty-five, saying, hereafter
any industrial consumer that wants to bum Ohio Fuel Supply gas
will pay us thirty-five cents per thousand, even though our do-
mestic rate may only be twenty-five cents in the town in which it
is being consumed, we then realized what we had been up against.
I am giving out that sweet morsel to take home with you and I
hope you will all follow the example of the Ohio Fuel Supply
Company (applause).
President Guffey: Gentlemen, it now gives me great
pleasure to introduce to you as the next speaker one of our active
members who at the present time is pving his time and service
so generously and so efficiently to the public, serving in the capac-
ity of Chairman of the Petroleum Oil and Gas Committee of
the National Council of Defense. He is also a representative of
your Association as its member in the National Chamber of Com-
merce. In addition to being President of the Hope Natural Gas
Company, he is also President of the Standard Oil Company of
New Jersey. He has kindly consented to address us this after-
noon on Mobilizing Industries for War. I now introduce to you
Mr. A. C. Bedford (great applause).
Mr. a. C Bedford: Mr. President and Gentlemen: I feel
somewhat embarrassed in speaking to you today, for the reason
that although like you, I am, and I am proud to be a gas man,
yet I know very well the limitations of my knowledge relative to
the gas business and I could not pretend for a moment to try
to address you on that subject alone. My apology for speaking
at all must be the desire, if I can, to perhaps bring to you a
little of the atmosphere in which I have been moving these last
few weeks; to impress upon you if I can, as it has been im-
pressed upon me, the serious condition with which as a coun-
try we are face to face; to ask one and all of you one thing,
which I know you will do, — ^and let me say here that I yield
to no man in this country in my admiration and my respect.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 365
for this man here, (pointing to large Poster of President Wilson,
bearing the inscription "Stand by the President") who as our
President uttered those memorable words and that marvelous
message to Congress, when he put us into the war (applause),
and I want to ask you in the words which are before you, to
"Stand by the President" (great applause) ; for in standing by
the President you stand by the country which we all love (long
continued applause).
Mr. A. C. Bedford then delivered the following address :
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MOBILIZING OF INDUSTRY FOR WAR.
By A. C. Bkdford.
Modern warfare is no longer a mere contest between
armies on the field. Even as late as the Spanish War we heard
much of the im|X)rtance of **the man behind the gun." The
man is still important, but the vital, the all-conclusive factor now
is the machine behind the man.
It is said that at the outbreak of the war in Europe, there
were in Russia only forty cartridges available for each soldier.
It is reported that whole armies would entrain for the front
with only one rifle for every fi\G men. This was the kind of
mobilization which Germany considered such a menace that she
plunged the world into the most frightful of all human catas-
trophes.
This Russian mobilization was in truth a mobilization of
her men; it was not a mobilization of the machine behind her
men.
Some one has said that in essence German men are not
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 367
today fighting English or French men, but that German ma-
chines are fighting English and French machines. Men group
themselves around some terrific engine hidden from sight of their
enemies. That engine is filled with explosive and hurled miles
away against an invisible object supposed to be located at a
certain place. There is no romance, no marching into action be-
hind inspiring leaders, no playing of martial music — little, in-
deed, more than a terrible, indescribable collision of machines.
Hence while men continue to be important, and the power
of men to continue to endure this onslaught upon civilization
itself, will eventually determine the issue of the struggle, we
find that the supreme problem of modern warfare is the mobiliza-
tion of the machine behind the men. This means the mobiliza-
tion of the whole economic power of a nation.
The raw material for the machines must be turned out, the
food must be produced to feed the workers in the factories as
well as the soldiers in the trenches, the coal and oil must be
provided to move the engines, the ships and the motor cars must
be ready. These are but the more important elements of the
situation. The fundamental fact in any warfare is that the
economic resources of the whole peoples and nations are directed
to out-staying and overwhelming the economic resources of an-
other group of peoples and nations.
If this were merely a war between the individual armies
of the two groups of nations, it would be terrible, but relatively
short-lived. It is because the entire industrial life of all these
nations has become involved that the struggle has taken on a
titanic character without precedent in history. This is funda-
mentally why the length of the conflict is §o'"clifficult to forecast;
and why its results will be of such far-reaching effect upon the
domestic as well as the international relations of every nation
in the world.
The outbreak of the war found Germany alone of all the
nations prepared for what was about to occur. Her machines
were ready, and she had become the most efficient nation in the
world. Other countries have had to learn during the war, and
out of its terrible experiences what Germany had foreseen.
The experience of England in meeting the problems thus
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308 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
thrust upon her are most interesting to us because her economic
life had been ordered more nearly upon the pattern of our own.
England was taken almost completely unawares, and she had
to act quickly. We have now had time to consider England^s
experience, and we ought therefore to be able to avoid some of
the steps England has had to take, steps which are destined to
have a radical and far-reaching effect upon her future history.
It would be impossible to go into the details of all England
has done in mobilizing her industry for war. But let us see if
we can get at the fundamental principles which have seemed
to guide her main policies. If I may describe those policies in
a phrase, it is in the statement that England has operated through
an extraordinary development of government activity — a line
of policy which the United States has so far (effectively) sought
to avoid.
For example, railroad service is, of course, vital to any
mobilization either of men or industries. One of the very first
acts of England at the beginning of the war was accordingly to
take over into Government hands entire responsibility for the
management and conduct of the railroads. The English govern-
ment set up a committee of high railroad officers to carry on
the work, but the government itself assumed responsibility for
the finances of the companies, merely guaranteeing to each a
continuance of the same net earnings which it has been receiving
just prior to the war. The result has doubtless enabled the rail-
roads to render a greatly increased service, but it has probably
resulted in an enormously increased expense to the country.
Our Government has proceeded upon a different theory.
Instead of taking dvetithe railroads and assuming responsibility
for them, it has asked the railroads themselves to organize them-
selves into an effective trans-continental railroad system, aban-
doning for the moment individual and competitive activities, and
devoting themselves during the period of the war to rendering
the utmost practicable service for the benefit not only of the
Government but of the public at large.
The essence of this plan is that the Government tells the
railroads what it wants and the railroads themselves assume
responsibility for rendering the service. This places the burden
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 369
exactly where it ought to belong, and places a premium upon
railroad efficiency and economy, instead of encouraging that
wastefulness which would be inevitable if the Govermnent merely
guaranteed minimum net earnings, as was done in England.
And right here the question may very properly be raised:
If, under the stress of war, acting under strict government super-
vision and regulation, the railroads can, in cooperation, and with
competition practically eliminated, give to the government and
the public a greatly improved service, is it conceivable that after
the war, the railroads should be forced to continue the wastes
and losses due to the unnecessary competition practically forced
by law prior to the war?
England some time after the war began, took over her coal
mines and placed them under Government operation. She is
now taking over her shipping companies. She has also absorbed
under Government management and control, a large number of
industries and munition plants.
Our country has proceeded quite differently in all such
details. The President of the United States created an advisory
committee of the Council of National Defense. The aim of that
committee was to study the industrial resources of the country
with a view to mobilizing them for the benefit of the Govern-
ment in the event of war.
In the great industries such as steel, coal, oil, copper and so
on, the Council of National Defense invited leading producers
to become members of sub-committees and to co-operate with the
Government in securing adequate supplies at fair prices. The
plan has up to the present succeeded admirably and will, I believe,
continue to prove itself of great service to the Nation.
I wish at this time to pay special tribute to Messrs. Raruch,
Willard and Coffin, and others of this Council who have person-
ally done excellent service — giving their entire time and atten-
tion without compensation to the work of this Committee.
Secretary Lane referred to the co-operative spirit already
shown by the business men of the country in this mobilization of
the resources of the United States. "It would surprise the na-
tions of Europe how intense is the spirit of loyalty on the part of
our business men and capitalists. They are at the very root and
24
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;^7() NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
foundation of the great industry — the war industry — that pre-
sents itself on the other side of the water. Now, there are two
ways of deaHng with a problem of this kind. One way is by the
hearty co-operation of the men already engaged in the industry-.
The other way is by compulsion. My experience in the Interstate
-Commerce Commission led me to believe that the larger men in
the railroad industry had quite as much vision as I had, and if I
could show them the importance of an occasion they would try to
meet it. So, instead of resorting to compulsion, instead of taking
over mines and great operating plants, we are endeavoring to put
you men at your best. This war is a challenge to us."
Those are the words of Secretary Lane. How does that
come down to us as gas men? It comes to my mirkl in two ways.
It is patent that we are as interested in this as the coal men or the
oil men or men engaged in other industries because an important
part of the great industries of the country is the gas industry
today and an important element is the production of natural gas.
Natural gas is as im})Ortant as petroleum and coal in the mobiliza-
tion of the industries for war. You know the part it plays. I
do not have to tell you. Secondly, it is a question of natural gas
itself as a fuel. You all know without me telling you the con-
ditions in reference to coal as a fuel. The Coal Committee is hav-
ing great difficulty in trying to meet the tremendous demand.
You know how the industries of the country have used all the
available supplies of coal, so that coal has to be supplemented by
natural gas. Therefore, as natural gas men, you have two things
to bear in mind. You may be asked — and you will be asked —
those of you wlio manufacture gasoline, to bear your share of
the burden. That burden carries with it the necessity of supply-
ing the Allies with their needs and to supply our own fleet and
our patrol fleets along our own coasts, as well as to supply our
own motor vehicles. There will be 35,000 motor trucks used
when our armies come into existence. You can readily see how
that has to be taken care of, and the load will have to be dis-
tributed through some such medium as I have already described,
for the Government is trying to utilize to the best advantage the
needs and necessities of those great products which we have to
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 371
have in order to keep things moving and to accelerate the pace as
it must be accelerated.
Now, I would urge distributing interests, especially in the
centers of large population, in so far as is possible, to deliver gas
to their customers along normal and ordinary lines without cre-
ating unnecessary panic, but to have in mind that when the war
comes, your duty probably will be first to see that these great
industries upon which war is dependent are supplied with an ade-
quate supply of fuel. For example, the great steel industry needs
fuel and it may be that you will have to divert some of your sup-
plies of natural gas, — especially you w^ho live in the Middle West
and the East, to the needs of those industries, and this must be
of paramount importance, and, Mr. President, if it will not be
out of line, I would suggest that this Convention might perhaps
appoint a committee that could co-operate and behind which you
could all stand, and into whose hands you would be willing to put
the burden of working with the Government and working with its
Committees so that when the time comes that you will be called
upon there may be some medium through which you may act
and with whom the authorized authorities at Washington may
deal (applause).
Under the plan every producer feels the patriotic obligation
to do his best and to deal fairly by the Government. In addition
to that he has opportunities still left to him to exercise his skill
and productive capacity in improving results, rather than in
merely lying down on the Government and letting his plant be-
come a part of the bureacratic machine. We are fighting a war for
democracy and it will be a thousand pities if in the stress of such
a war we should put bureaucracy on the throne, and eliminate
those opportunities for the play of individual initiative, enthusi-
asm and efficiency which must always be the glory of a democracy
(more applause).
This war can, of course, have only one issue. The resources
of the democratic nations of the world have been thrown into
the seething cauldron of war with an inexorable determination to
triumph over the governments of autocracy and despotism. It
will be the duty of our people, as the President has so well said,
to put into this struggle, every ounce of our ability and every
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M'2 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
particle of our resources that may be necessary to secure a com-
plete vindication of the principles for which we are struggling.
But this war will also show us some great principles to apply to
our domestic life. It will show us the necessity of co-operation.
It will demonstrate to our people what can be accomplished by
believing in men and by mobilizing our resources for the benefits
of peace as well as for the necessities of war.
But, my friends, we must look the facts squarely in the face.
Do not let us deceive ourselves with any Short- War fallacy —
any such theory will warp and misguide public sentiment — cost
countless of human lives, prove German^s strongest ally and pro-
long the war. I have been in somewhat close touch with those
who know actual conditions and the best informed experts be-
lieve today that the war is not nearly over. They believe its w^orst
and most dangerous stages are yet to come. Barring possible
collapse through hunger, Germany can go on for years. Barring
possible failure to meet and overcome the submarine campaign,
the Allies can go on for years — neither one, I believe, is likely
to hapi)en. The only safe basis for this country to proceed upon
is to assume that the United States alone is entering upon a war
with (iermany. A war that will tax its full resources and full
fighting strength. Once get that into your thoughts and con-
viction and America will respond as one man for they will realize
at once their own and their country's peril (long continued
applause).
This country is a long way from the battle fields of Europe
and our people feel themselves apart from the conflict, but it will
bring it home to you at once if you will imagine for a moment the
removal of that mighty fleet which has stood as a protecting
shield between this country and Germany since the war began.
Imagine that that fleet can not be supplied with necessary fuel,
both coal and oil. — that the submarine chasers could not get the
needed supplies of gasoline and you can see at once the deadly
peril this country would stand in. The entrance of the United
States into the war comes at a most opportune moment for help-
fulness. For thirty months tlie Allies have bled and suflfered, and
the strain has told on them perhaps more than we realize or can
ever imagine. France, fighting magnificently, is trenching on her
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 373
last reserve of strength. Italy's help, while invaluable, is neg-
ative. Russia, dazed by her revolution, is faced with a period of
uncertainty and confusion — Great Britain bearing the main bur-
den of the war, the guardian of the Alliance on the seas, — its
banker, its chief arsenal and workshop and its main military prop
— is drawing on the last million of her available man power, is
harassed by the German submarine warfare and is conscious of
the pressure of the titanic burden. What that burden is may be
conceived in part if I mention just a few facts to illustrate the
grand scale of preparation involved, facts that will indicate also
the necessity of mobilizing industry in the United States for war.
The original English army consisted of 150,000 men. England's
present army is 5,000,000 men. In France 2,000,000 men. The
remaining soldiers are divided into the armies of Salonica, Meso-
potamia, Egypt, German East Africa, India. In addition to the
5,000,000 men in arms, England has more than 3,000,000 men en-
gaged in war industries. She has in reserve another million men^
but can ill spare any more men from the land, the collieries, or
the factories, and that leads me to say here that in my judgment,
producers of oil and gas, where it is needed for fuel for factory
purposes should urge upon those men essential to the business
that it is their business to remain at their posts^ such men as
drillers and other experts, to keep up the production, etc. When
men are called upon to respond, as they are going to be called
upon, only those men should go who can be spared. Some men
will be essential to the industry. In those industries, you know
those men who are most essential. A man can do his patriotic
duty by drilling a well when oil and gas is needed, as well as by
bearing arms in the trenches.
Nothing could more strikingly illustrate the essential nature
of co-operation by all industries than the development of Eng-
land's great industry of munitions. There are now nearly one
hundred great Government plants which have been specially built
to cope with war requirements. Working directly under the Min-
istry of Munitions are 2,500,000 men and over 1,000,000 women.
Women are engaged in more than five hundred munition proc-
cesses. The production of guns and munitions has multiplied six-
fold during the past year. At the beginning of the war, there
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374 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
was a notable lack of shells. They did not understand how to go
to war. They did not understand what it meant. Perhaps you
will remember reading in the papers where General French sent
back to England word that he had to have shells of high explosive
power, and they sent back word to him, "No, you don't want
them ; you want shrapnel." Then he sent back word that he had
shrapnel but it was gone, and they sent back word to him, "If you
had not wasted your shrapnel you would have had it now," not
realizing what the conditions were, not realizing the tremendous
responsibilities in the way of supplying munitions to the army and
to the navy, not realizing the high explosives that were neces-
sary to meet the modem engines which had been so highly de-
veloped by Germany. The British have moved back and forth
across the channel over 8,000,000 men, over 10,000,000 tons of
explosives, over 50,000,000 gallons of gasoline and over 1,000,000
sick and wounded. And all this without any losses due to enemy
attacks. Marvelous achievement. (More applause). And with
great reverence to the memory of the distinguished citizen who
died in New York yesterday, and for whom all New York
mourns today, I want to echo the words of Mr. Choate for us "to
wake up ; let us be up and doing and not talking only.*' England's
original navy was 150,000. Her present navy exceeds half a
millron. In addition to naval requirements, England is obliged
to supply all her troops, all her armies in distant parts with their
equipment for war and the necessaries of life, and in addition to
keep huge fleets busy with the transportation of coal and other
essentials to her allies, notably France and Italy. This means an
enormous sea force in addition to the regular naval force and the
organization and control of this auxiliary navy is one of the great
achievements of the war. These things we, too, must do and
though the war has been in effect for thirty months, we are much
less prepared than England and have an enormous task to per-
form. Again I echo the recent words of Mr. Choate and say with
him, "Wake up; let us be up and doing and not talking only."
(Great applause).
To the Allies, therefore, the entrance of these United States
brings a stupenduous relief. It sets the seal of absolute certainty
upon their work. It ranges a hundred million people behind
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 375
them. A navy in daring, valor and efficiency second to none,
great wealth and industrial organization of the first order. Peo-
ple ask what can America do? Rather ask, what can America
not do? (Great applause). Is it men, money, food, raw or
finished material? We can supply them all and we will. (More
applause).
As to the purpose, — if you will bear with me a moment
longer, I can do no better than to quote from that eloquent ad-
dress made by the Mayor of New York at that great dinner given
on last Friday night, May i ith. A dinner where perhaps never
before such an array of notable men sat at the same table. There
were two former Presidents of the United States, Col. Roosevelt
and Mr. Taft. (Applause). There was a former Premier of
Great Britain, Mr. Balfour, and a former President of France,
Messieur Viviani, both of them leading figures in their respective
countries. (Great applause). There was the Marshal of
France, General Joffre (long continued applause) and the senior
officer of the United States Army. There were the Admirals
of the British, French and United States Navies ; the British and
French Ambassadors; the Governor of the Bank of England,
the Governor of the great State of New York, and a thousand
other men of distinguished personalities, and famous records,
representatives of the financial, literary, artistic, professional and
business life of America, on behalf of whom the Mayor ad-
dressed these distinguished guests in part as follows :
"This is essentially our war. Democracy destroyed in
Europe means democracy first threatened and then destroyed
in the United States. At least we see it. America is now
awake and New York, — New York that has never hung back
or faltered in the hour of the Nation's peril, clasps hands with
these our guests and Allies and says to them: *We are with
you in this thing to the bitter end, lead where it may.' Our
Hour of Trial is here.
"What can we say to them? Their people have known priva-
tions and the suflFerings of war. We have not. Democracy on
this side of the Atlantic, protected by the British navy, defended
by the valiant hosts of France at the battle of the Marne, secured
by the armies of the Allies for two years and a half, has pur-
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37(J NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
sued its prosperous and peaceful course unshaken by the terrors
and the sufferings that have torn Europe. That day is past.
The hour of our trial is at hand. It was not to be that American
democracy should thrive and live at peace while European
democracy fought and suffered to preserve to the world popular
self-government. American democracy must now make its sacr-
fice in the common cause of civilization and of justice, and it is
well for the soul and spirit of our nation that this is so.
''Gentlemen of England and of France, our President, speak-
ing for every loyal citizen of the United States, has pledged to
you the resources of the United States. Money, ships, munitions,
food, — these things we give you freely and we esteem the giving
but a light tax upon our unbounded wealth. It is not enough.
There lacks the spiritual contribution of manhood, service and
blood sacrifice. This, too, must be ours. Our duty will be done,
our debt discharged, our destiny achieved only when the hosts
of American democracy take their place beside the hosts of Eng-
land and of France, resolved to fight and fight and still fight
until victory rescues the world from autocracy and barbarism."
(Long continued applause).
But the country that will benefit most from America's in-
tervention is America itself. Her entrance into the war restores
to the United States her old prestige and to Americans a nation
of which all may once more be proud. It removes the disastrous
misunderstandings of American motives and American character
that had begun to obtain in Europe and South America and
Mexico. It imposes upon the United States gigantic tasks that
will test to the uttermost the quality of her citizenship, the
efficiency of her Administration, and of her industrial captains
and the will power of her people. Let us, therefore, wage this
war as though it were to last for another five years and our
very existence as an independent nation was involved, and when
victory comes, as come it will, we will be welcomed as an hon-
ored member of the family of nations who will ever be honored
for all time as those who preserved to the world the principles
of civilization, of truth and of honor, and who helped to defeat
that attack upon civilization by barbarism, a barbarism that com-
bines the science of the laboratory with the savagery of the
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. ^ 377
jungle, a barbarism that denies all those doctrines and principles
which have been accepted after long years as the proof of human
progress and the glory of mankind's advance. (Long continued
applause).
Mr. John M. Garard: Mr. President, I feel that a vote
of thanks from this Association would be but a feeble effort on
our part showing our appreciation of the splendid address just
delivered by Mr. Bedford. I know that it has gone to the hearts
of every member of the Association. It was a wonderfully in-
structive and able address. I am not going to say it was a
speech. It was way beyond that.
I move you, Mr. President, that by a rising vote of thanks
we tender to Mr. Bedford our expression of appreciation for
the splendid address and the timely and patriotic suggestions
contained therein; that the members of The Natural Gas Asso-
ciation of America here and now pledge themselves to give to
the Government all the assistance and co-operation in our power
and that we hereby authorize Mr. Bedford to carry back to
those from whom he came the message that The Natural Gas
Association of America stands behind the President and behind
the Government in the gigantic movements now going forward
in support of universal democracy and for the betterment of
the human race. (Applause.)
Mr. Martin B. Daly : Mr. President, it gives me peculiar
pleasure to second this motion.
The above motion, having been duly seconded, was then
unanimously adopted by a rising vote amid long continued ap-
plause.
Mr. L. B. Denning: Mr. President, I move that a com-
mittee of three be appointed by the President of the Associa-
tion to convey to the President of the United States a pledge
from each member of this Association for the co-operation and
support of the Association through its membership to the Gov-
ernment at Washington in securing a successful termination of
the present war and that the President of the Association be
instructed to communicate the action of the Association of the
President of the United States.
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378 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Mr. Leslie B. Denning: I heartily endorse the motion
and take great pleasure in seconding it.
And thereupon the above motion having been duly seconded
was unanimously adopted.
President Guffey: Gentlemen, unless there is some ob-
jection I will appoint the following:
COMMITTEE PLEDGING SUPPORT TO THE PRESI-
DENT: L. B. Denning, C. J. Lockwood, George W. Crawford.
And thereupon after a conference by the Committee, Mr.
L. B. Denning on behalf of said Committee presented to the
Association the following resolution and moved its adoption:
'Resolved, That the Natural Gas Association of America, represent-
ing the Natural Gas Industry of the United States of America, un-
reservedly stands by the President im the present war crisis and pledges
the co-operation and support of all its members to the Government to
secure a successful termination of the war of democracy against au-
tocracy, and that the President of this Association, Mr. Josei^ F.
Guffey, be instructed to communicate the action of this Association to
the President of the United States.
L. B. Denning,
S. J. LoCKWOOD,
Geo. W. Crawford.
The motion to adopt the above resolution was then duly
seconded by Mr. George W. Crawford and unanimously adopted.
Mr. W. Y. Cartwright: Mr. President, I move that a
committee of five be appointed by the Chair in conformity to
the suggestion contained in Mr. Bedford's address to assist in
every way we can in carrying out our pledge of support and
co-operation and to work with any committee or committees of
the National Council of Defense and especially to work in har-
mony with the sub-committee of which Mr. Bedford is chair-
man in furthering the work and in helping perform the gigantic
tasks which rest upon the sub-committee and upon the National
Council of Defense.
The above motion was duly seconded by Mr. John M.
Garard and unanimously adopted.
President Guffey: Gentlemen, with your permission I
will announce that committee later.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 879
The next order of business is the report of the Committee
on Uniform Accounting of which Mr. H. C. Reeser is Chair-
man.
Mr. H. C. Reeser then submitted the following:
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON UNIFORM
ACCOUNTING.
To the Members of The Natural Gas Association of America:
Gentlemen : Your Committee on Uniform Accounting b^
to report that they have adopted a tentative scheme of accounts
for Natural Gas Companies which in their judgment covers
practically all phases of accounting as applied to the Natural
Gas industry. The scheme as adopted is the result of practically
three years earnest work on the part of the Committee and will
tend to standardize the accounts of companies adopting it.
A full meeting of the Committee was held August 15th,
1 916, with representatives of the Public Service Commission
from the States of Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Vii^nia. The
Committee's scheme was submitted to the gentlemen and was
discussed at some length with them. They took our report and
promised to give it prompt attention, it being the desire of our
Committee that the representatives from these three States agree
upon a uniform basis. Up to the present time, the Public Service
Commission of these three States have been so busy that those
in charge of our work have been unable to hold a meeting for
further consideration of our tentative plan, but we are assured
that a meeting will soon be held, and that they will either adopt
our report as submitted or suggest some slight changes. Await-
ing the decision of these gentlemen it was thought advisable not
to have the report printed, as it is our desire, after three years
work to present to the members of the Association a scheme of
accounts which will meet the desires of at least three Public
Service Commissions.
Our tentative scheme as submitted covers the accounting in
detail and possibly some of the smaller companies would not care
to sub-divide their accounts as minutely as it is provided for in
our scheme. General heads, however, could be followed to an
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380 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
advantage by all companies, and we believe would work out to a
mutual advantage of both the gas companies and the regulating
bodies requiring reports.
As soon as definite action can be secured from some of the
Public Service Commissions, our report will be printed, and
copies will be available through the office of the Resident Sec-
retary.
I wish to take this opportunity of acknowledging my appre-
ciation of the assistance of the Gentlemen serving on the Com-
mittee.
H. C. Reeser,
Chairman.
Mr. John M. Garard: Mr. President, I move that the
report of the Committee on Uniform Accounting as read by Mr.
Reeser, its chairman, be accepted and placed on file and spread
upon our minutes and that the Committee be continued for the
ensuing year.
Mr. Kay C. Krick: I second the motion.
The above motion, having been duly seconded, was then
unanimously adopted.
President Guffey : I will next call upon Mr. S. S. Wyer
for the report of the Committee on National Gas Safety Code.
Mr. Samuel S. Wyer of Columbus. Ohio, then submitted the
following:
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL GAS SAFETY
CODE.
To The Natural Gas Association of America:
Gentlemen : As your representative on the Advisory En-
gineering Committee that is advising with the United States
Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C, in the preparation of a
National Gas Safety Code, I submit the following as a summary
of the year's work :
The Bureau has been seriously handicapped for want of
funds, and for this reason has been unable to carry on the work
very much farther than was indicated in my last year's report.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 381
Additional funds will soon be available, and it is the Bureau's
expectation to do considerable work on the code this year.
Respectfully submitted,
Samuel S. Wyer.
Mr. Samuel S. Wyer: I am able to emphasize the state-
ment that was brought out in last year's report, namely, that as
far as the code has gone it does not contain anything that any gas
company need be afraid of and it will contain many things that
will be of direct benefit to the industry. The present indications
are that the code will be complete within the next eighteen
months or two years.
President Guffey : Gentlemen, you have heard the report.
What is the wish of the convention?
Mr. Kay C. Krick : I move that the report be accepted,
placed on file and spread upon the minutes of the Association and
that the work be continued by the Committee for the ensuing
year.
Mr. J. H. Maxon: I second the motion.
The above motion having been duly seconded, was then
unanimously adopted.
President Guffey : I would like to call your attention to
the fact that the beefsteak dinner will be held in the room above
us this evening at six-thirty o'clock.
On motion duly seconded and carried the meeting then
adjourned until Thursday, May 17, 1917, at ten o'clock A. M.
THIRD DAY — MORNING SESSION.
Thursday, May 17, 191 7.
President Guffey : Gentlemen, please come to order. The
first paper this morning is on the subject of "Deep Well Drilling"
by Mr. A. R. Gray, Assistant to General Superintendent, Peoples
Natural Gas Company. Mr. Gray is unavoidably absent and Mr.
F. L. Hadley, Superintendent of Lines, Peoples Natural (jas
Company, has kindly consented to read the paper.
Mr. F. L. Hadley then read the following paper :
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DEEP WELL DRILLING.
By a. R. Gray.
The gradual exhaustion of oil and gas has stimulated an
effort to secure deeper producing horizons in regions in which
compressor stations and pipe lines have already been constructed.
That drilling to great depth can be successfully carried
on seems open to little doubt. In i860 when the search for
oil and gas was actively begun in the Appalachian Basin, few,
if any, wells were drilled as deep as 1,000 ft. In 1890 when
development was at its height 3,000 ft. (was considered an
unusual depth. By 1910 several holes had been drilled to a
depth of more than 5,000 ft. and at the present time at least
two (2) wells in the world have been drilled more than 7,000
ft. deep.
In 1898 the Forest Oil Co. drilled what at that time was
the deepest well in the U. S. This well was drilled at West
Elizabeth, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 12 miles southeast
of Pittsburgh on the Wm. Bedell Farm. It was the intention to
(382)
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
383
drill to the corniferous Limestone, but owing to an accident the
tools and i,ooo foot of cable, were left in the hole at 5,575 feet.
Every effort was made to fish them out but without success;
then an effort was made to dissolve the tools and cable with
sulphuric acid, but after two years of effort the hole was finally
abandoned. The following record of the Bedell well shows the
formations, temperatures, casings, etc.
Slate 40 to
Bottom of 10" casing at 40 "
Limestone 10 **
Shales 80 "
Slate 105 "
Sand 30 "
SlatjE 40 to
Coal (Bakerstown) 3 **
Slate 100 "
Bottom of 8^" Csg. at 3()0 "
Coal 2 "
Slate 75 "
Sand 40 "
Shale 10 "
Coal (L Freeport) 2 ''
Slate 25 "
Sand 65 "
Shale 15 "
Coal (M. Kittanning) 3 "
Limestone 10 "
Slate 30 "
Limestone 15 "
Slate 50 "
Sand 35 "
Slate 5 "
Salt Sand 05 "
Slate and shells 115 "
Slate 30 "
Red Rock 20 "
Limestone (Big M't., etc.) 50 "
Big Injun 310 "
Bottom of ()^1" casing at 132h' "
Slate and Shells 00 "
Sand 15 "
Slate 7 "
Sand 5 "
40
50
50
130
235
265
305
308
408
360
410
485
525 (Temperature hV Fahr.)
535
537
562
627
642
645
65.5
685
700
750
7a5
790
88.5
10(10
1030
lo:,o
IKH)
1410
1320
1470
148.*)
1402
1407
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NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Slate 18
Sand, (Berea?) 50
Slate and shells 60
Limestone 10
Slate and shells 100
Sand (Gantz?) 25
Slate and shells 20
Limestone 10
Slate 20
Sand 15
Slate and shells 45
Sand 20
Slate 5
Sand ( "Thirty-foot") 40
Slate 3
Sand] [ 18
Slate l"Stray"J 30
Sand] [ 7
Red Rock 3
Sand, (Gordon, Third, elc.) 65
Red Kock 5
Sand (Fourth) 30
Red Rock and shells 15
Slate and shells 15
Sand 5
Slate 3
Sand 18
Redrock and shells 30
Sand (Fifth or McDonald) 25
Redrock and shells 35
Slate 10
Sand 5
Slate and shells 25
Sand ( Bayard ) 5
Sand 10
Redrock 25
Slate and shells 75
Sand (Elizabeth) 3
Shells 200
Slate 150
Slate and shells 200
Slate 100
Limestone and shells 100
Sand (Speechley?) 15
to
1515
1565
1625
1635
1735
1760
1780
1790
1810
1825
1870
1890
1895
193.5
1938
1956
1986
19^3
1996
2061
2066
2096
2111
2126
2131
2134
2152
2182
2207
2242
2252
2257
2282
2287
2297
2322
2397
2400
2600
2750
2950
3^50
3150
3165
(Temperature 64° Fahr.)
(Gas, volume 25 lb. per
min,)
(Temperature 78° Fahr.)
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
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Slate 335
Sand (Bradford) trace of oil 20
Slate and shells 175
Slate and shells 195
Slate and shells 140
Slate and shells 180
Slate and shells 190
Slate and shells 75
Slate 23
Shells 2
Slate 32
Shells 13
Slate 25
Limestone 20
Slate 10
Sand 30
Slate 40
Limestone 20
Slate 20
Shells as
Slate 15
Slate and shells 10
Sand 20
Slate 10
Limestone 10
Slate 20
Shells 10
Slate 20
Limestone 15
Slate 20
Shells 10
Slate 5
Slate and shells 10
Slate 15
Shells 5
Slate 30
Shells 5
Slate 45
Limestone 10
Slate 10
Slate and shells 10
Slate 20
Limestone 10
Slate 10
Slate and shells 10
25
" 3500
" 3520
" 3695
•* 3890
" 4030
" 4210
" 4400
" 4475
" 4498
" 4500
" 4532
" 4545
" 4570
" 4590
" 4600
to 4630
" 4670
" 4690
" 4710
" 4725
" 4740
" 4750
" 4770
" 4780
*• 4790
" 4810
" 4820
" 4840
" 4855
" 4875
" 4885
" 4890
" 4900
" 4915
" 4020
" 4950
" 49.55
'* 5000
" 5010 (Temperature 120'' Fahr.)
" 50-20
•• 5030
" 5050
" 50G0
" 5070
" 5080
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Slate 10 " 5095
Slate and shells 5 " 5100
Limestone 5 " 5085
Slate 30 " 5130
Limestone 10 " 5140
Slate 20 " 6160
Limestone 10 " 5170
Slate 10 " 5180
Limestone 50 " 5230
Slate 30 " 5260
Limestone 10 " 6270
Slate 20 " 5290
Limestone 5 " 5295
Slate 25 " 5320
Limestone 10 " 5330
Slate 30 to 5360
Limestone 5 " 5365
Slate 15 " 5380 (Temperature 127° Fahr.)
Limestone 10 " 5390
Slate 20 " 5410
Slate and shells 20 " 5430
Slate 15 " 5445
Limestone 5 " 5450
Slate 20 " 5470
Slate and shells 10 " 5480
Slate 20 " 5500
Slate 75 " 5575 (Bottom of 6^" hole.)
Since the drilling of the Bedell well there have been at
least a dozen wells drilled to a depth of from 4,000 to 5,500 ft
in addition to which the Hope Natural Gas Company has twenty-
five (25) deep wells located and drilling in West Virginia. It
has completed eight (8) deep wells at an average depth of
4,600 ft. below the Pittsburgh Coal. It also drilled one well
to 6,390 ft. but unfortunately plugged the hole at that depth.
There is a well being drilled at Valcano, West Virginia, in
which this company has 4,000 ft. of 10'' hole. Unless production
is found, the well may be a very deep hole when completed as
the great depth of 10'' hole will give a good chance to continue.
There is also a well drilling on the Goff farm near Clarksburg,
West Virginia, in which there is already 6,500 feet of 8" hole.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 387
The deepest well in the world at the present time was drilled
to a depth of 7,349 feet at a location near Luchow, Germany.
The next deepest well in the world and the deepest in
the U. S. is being drilled by the Peoples Natural Gas Company
on the R. A. Geary farm in Washington County, Pennsylvania,
near McDonald. At the present time this well is 7,247 feet
in depth and delayed by a fishing job.
This well was commenced November 7, 191 1. The rig is
of oak, 26 foot base and is 90 ft. high, double legged and the
legs reinforced by having 6x6 oak timber run from base to
crown block inside of legs. The Band Wheel is 13 ft. in
diameter, with 7^" shaft, Bull Wheels 24 feet in diameter with
6" Steel Gudgeons using three (3) Tug Ropes and 2-12" Brake
Bands. The Sand Reel is 15 ft. long with 5" shaft and 43"
Friction Pulley.
The Engine used is a 14 x 14 Ajax 52 H. P. ; steam being
furnished by 2 — 2$ H. P. Boilers. The belt was specially and
is 105 feet by 16".
The tools used were all standard.
The Crown Pulley is a special wire line pulley 38" in
diameter with 6'' Steel Gudgeons and weighs 700 pounds.
Up to the present time there have been 10 cables and 3
Sand Lines used.
The first cable used was a i" Wire Line Cable 7,000 ft. long.
The next seven (7) cables were 8,000 ft. long and on ac-
count of the weight were built specially being tapered, i^", i^^
and f respectively, the taper being about 500 feet long. The
last two (2) cables were 10,000 ft. long and were iY\ i\'\ i"
and f taper being about 150 feet long. All of the cables ex-
cept the first one were made to special order.
The Sand Lines used were 9/16" x 8,000 ft.
In drilling a 16" hole was started and at 232 ft. a string
of 13" casing was put in. The 13'' hole was drilled to 1,050
feet and a string of 10" casing put in, 10" hole drilled to 1969'
and a string of 8j4" casing put in, 8J4" hole to 6,053' 2i"d a
string of special 6" casing 6,053' weighing 68 tons put in, 5^"
hole drilled to 7,247 ft. and a string of special 4>4" I. D. x 5K"
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388 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
O. D. Casing weighing 62 tons put in. This string of casing
had welded joints instead of collars, making it one continuous
piece.
There have been a large number of fishing jobs on this
well. At one time there were three (3) strings of tools in
the hole together.
From 4,850 ft. to 6,060 ft. there were pockets of gas which
blew the tools up in the hole and kinked the cable causing it
to break. These were not serious fishing jobs as two or three
days' work would usually clear the hole. The pockets of gas
were formed at 4,850, 4,870, 5,900, 5,905, 5,910, 5,915, 6,060.
The gas did not continue to flow, seeming to exhaust with the
first puff.
There was a string of tools and 4>4" bailer lost at 6,065.
After a long, tedious fishing job it was decided to drill by
them. This was done and the tools were cased off. Another
string was struck at 6,925. After an unsuccessful effort to get
these tools, the company again drilled by them and went to a
depth of 7,181 when the first string slipped down catching the
second string at the bottom of the hole. After a long fishing
job the top string was fished out but the drillers were unable
to get the bottom string. Again they drilled by them and
cased them off.
After putting in the last string of casing drilling was £^ain
commenced. After making about 17 feet the casing collapsed
catching the tools at the bottom of the hole.
At present they are endeavoring to get casing and tools out.
At a depth of 6,260 feet a large body of salt water was
struck which filled up the hole 4,000 feet. The specific gravity
of the water was 1.1085 ^^^ ^^ analysis shows as follows:
PARTS PER 100,000.
Alkalinity as calcium carbonate 5.60
Calcium chloride 4,421.40
Magnesium chloride 251.60
Sodium chloride 5,018.20
Sulphuric anhydride Trace
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
Iron Oxide Trace
Sediment (rock powder) 294.00
Total solids 9,921.80
Total solids exclusive of pulverized rock sediment 9,696.70
The record of the formation and temperatures following
are of interest.
R. A. GEARY WELL NO. 770.
IW Below Coal.
Top Bottom
Formation. Feet. Feet.
Conductor 16
13" Casing 292
Limestone 450 470
Slate 470 596
Freeport Coal 596 600
Water 600
Gas 760
Salt Sand 734 950
Gas 912
Pencil Cave 950 958
Big Lime 953 982
10" Casing 953
Big Injun Sand 982 1241
Gas 1062
Squaw Sand 1378 1392
Gas 1379
Sand 1610 1622
Hundred Foot Sand 1794 1817
Gas 1797
Thirty Foot Sand 1910 1925
Gas 1912
Gordon Stray 1968 1971
8%'* Casing 1969 •....
White Slate 1971 2990
Limestone 2990 3210
White Slate 3210 3440
Reduced Hole 3440
Limestone 3440 3460
White Slate 3460 4100
Sand and Lime 4100 4170
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390
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Top Bottom
Formation. Feet. Feet.
White Slate 4170 4620
Black Slate (Temp. 6160'~110'
FahT.) 4520 4650
White Slate (Temp. 522(y-.120^
Fahr.) 4560
Black Slate 6200
Black Shale 5320
White Slate 6620
Limestone (Supposed Guelph). .. 6600
Black Lime (Supposed Niagara). 5680
Black Slate (Temp, at eSOO^— 140-
Fahr.) 5788
Black Lime 6008
Flint (Temp. atOOOC— 100^ Fahr.) 6023
(rfay Sand 6046
6^" Casing
Water and (ks 6046
Brown Sand 6200
Water 6260
White Sand 6260
Brown Sand 6270
Black Lime 6316
Sand and Black Flint 63d5
Black Lime 5406
White Sand 6515
Gas
Water
Black Limestone 6580
Gray Limestone 6610
Rock Salt 6700
Lime and Sand 6706
Rock Salt 6776
Limestone 6785
Rock Salt 6830 6870
Lime and Sand 6840 6860
Rock Salt 6860 6865
Limestone 6865 6870
Rock Salt 6870 6875
Explosive (jas Flow at
4850'.487y
5320
5520
5660
5680
5788 Explosive Gas Flow at
590Vn5905'-5910'
6008
6028 5916'
6045 Explosive (ks Flow at
6060"
6063
.... Temp, at 6095'— 156*
Fahr.
6270 Taken in water at
a270'— 156* Fahr.
6316
6895
6406
6516
6580
6530
6610
6700
6708
6776
6785
6830 6926
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 391
Top Bottom
Formation. Feet. Feet.
Limestone 6876 689S
Rock Salt 6895 6900
Limestone 6910 6925 Tools
Limestone and Sand 6925 7020
Salt and Lime Shells 7020 7040
Sand and Lime 7040 7247
Another interesting feasure, in case gas is found at these
depths is the enormous Rock Pressure which is likely to be
encountered. On the basis of known pressures, the pressure
should be over 3,000 pounds.
The producing formation which the company is searching
for in the deep hole is explained by Dr. I. C. White in his
"Note on a very Deep Well near McDonald, Pennsylvania."
Extracts from which follow.
LOCATION AND DEPTH OF WELL.
To Pennsylvania belongs the honor of the deepest boring
in America. A well on the land of R. A. Geary, about 5 miles
northwest from the town of McDonald, near the line between
Allegheny and Washington counties, has now attained a depth
of 6,052 feet. This hole is being drilled by "The Peoples Natural
Gas Company," a fonner subsidiary of the Standard Oil Com-
pany, of which Mr. John G. Pew, of Pittsburgh, is president
and L. F. Barger general superintendent, and it is through their
courtesy and that of Mr. J. B. Corrin, assistant superintendent
of the Hope Natural Gas Company, that the writer was given
access to the geologic data developed by the boring. Mr. Pew
has chosen for the location of this deep well test the summit of
the Condor dome, a structural feature in the rocks described in
the Burgettstown-Carnegie Folio by E. W. Shaw and M. J.
Munn, of the United States Geological Survey. On this dome
the Pittsburgh coal attains an elevation of 1,180 feet above tide,
the well mouth being at 1,050 feet, or 130 feet lower, thus be-
ginning at exactly the same geologic horizon as the deep well
(5,575 feet) drilled on the farm of William Bedell, 20 miles
southeast of the Geary Well, near West Elizabeth, Allegheny
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392 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
County, Pennsylvania, by the late W. J. Young, of the Forest
Oil Company, the detailed log of which is published in volume
I (A) of the West Virginia Geological Survey, pages 103-107,
and which remains the deepest boring in the United States up
to the latter part of 191 2, when it was surpassed by the one
herein described and by another in West Virginia, which has
now attained a slightly greater (5,595 feet) depth.
PURPOSE OF THE WELL.
The Condor dome of the Burgettstown quadrangle has
already produced a large quantity of natural gas from the Potts-
ville, Big Injun, "Hundred-foot," and Thirty-foot Sands, and
Mr. Pew and his field superintendent, Mr. Barger, concluded
that this region, from which the strata dip in every direction,
would be a good location to make a test for any oil or gas
bearing sands that might be found lowtr in the geologic column,
hoping finally to reach the CLINTON and even the TRENTON
LIMESTONE, the two great gas-bearing and petroliferous
horizons of Ohio. The writer figures that the Qinton horizon
should be struck in this well at about 7,000 feet and the Trenton
at approximately 8,000 feet.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION.
A steel cable is in use, the derrick has double strength, and
a latter engine and more boiler capacity have been provided
than in drilling wells to the usual depths, so that Mr. Pew con-
fidently expects to make the Geary well the deepest one in
the world. Some trouble has been experienced by the caving
of the walls in the soft shales above the Corniferous limestone,
but when the temporary fishing job now on hand (a set of
tools having been caught by the caving shales) is completed,
the bore-hole will be lined with steel casing, so as to prevent
any further trouble from caving.
RESULTS OF TEMPERATURE DETERMINATION.
As is well known. Prof. William Hallock, of Columbia
University, made careful temperature tests on the West Eliza-
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 393
beth or Bedell well down to a depth of 5,000 feet, where the
temperature was 120.9** Fahrenheit^ and he also tested the
Wheeling, West Virginia, deep well, finding a temperature of
110.3° Fahrenheit at 4,500 feet, and the two wells agreed very
closely in temperatures throughout at the same depths. Figured
on the basis of increase from 4,500 feet to 5,000 feet in the
Bedell well, a temperature of about 144° Fahrenheit should be
found in the Geary well at 6,052 feet, its present depth, and
this estimate is probably very nearly correct, since Mr. Pew
reports that a temperature of 140® Fahrenheit was recorded
at 5,800 feet in the Geary well, which is about what the West
Elizabeth and Wheeling results indicate for that depth.
DISCUSSION OF THE SECTION.
The interval in the Geary well from the base of the Berea
Grit (1,622 feet) to the top of the Corniferous limestone (6,008
feet) is 4,386 feet, while on the south shore of Lake Erie, near
Elyria, Ohio, 115 miles to the northwest, this same interval
is only 800 feet. These intervening Devonian shales, however,
increase rapidly in thickness southeastward, since at Akron,
Ohio, only 35 miles from Elyria, they have a thickness of 1,862
feet, an increase of 30 feet to the mile; while from Akron to
the Geary well, a distance of 80 miles, this thickening (1,862
feet to 4,386 feet), 2,524 feet, continues at only the slightly
greater rate of 31^ feet to the mile. This southeastward thick-
ening of 31^ feet to the mile from the region of Akron will
furnish a convenient measuring rod for estimating the depth
at which the Corniferous limestone may be found, and con-
sequently the Clinton and Trenton petroliferous rocks below,
over the present oil and gas fields of western Pennsylvania and
West Virginia. According to the elder Orton, the top of the
Corniferous limestone falls from 225 feet below tide at Elyria
to 925 feet below at Akron, or at the rate of 20 feet to the
mile, while from Akron to the McDonald region the descent
is at the rate of 40.3 feet per mile, or double the rate to Akron,
since the top of the Corniferous lies at 4,950 feet below tide
in the Geary well. This rapid dip of the lower formations
should lead to the accumulation of some oil and gas pools in
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394 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
the porous zones of the Qinton and Trenton petroliferous ho-
rizons along the interrupted or terrace structural belts of these
horizons between Akron and McDonald; and since the Geary
well is located on a well-marked dome in the surface rocks
which has proven very prolific in all of the higher porous sand
reservoirs, gas will most probably be found with very high
rock pressures in the Qinton and Trenton horizons at this
location, should the rocks in question have sufficient porosity to
aflFord good reservoir capacity.
It is interesting to note here the presence of a limestone
(Selinsgrove) horizon as a portion of the Marcellus shade group,
first described by the writer in Report G 7 of the Second
Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, from the region of Selins-
grove, on the Susquehanna River, in Northumberland County,
as also the Corniferous limestone with its included flint nuggets,
and the underlying Oriskany sandstone in which the well was
drilling when the tools were temporarily lost.
THE GAS AND ITS CONTROL.
While passing through the black slates and shales of the
Hamilton series above the Corniferous limestone several suc-
cessive pockets of gas were encountered. These had such an
enormous initial pressure that the escaping gas would blow
the heavy tools several feet up in the hole, occasionally giving
trouble from breaking of the wire cable, when they would
drop back after the sudden flow of gas had passed, and whose
approach to the surface could be heard in advance with an in-
tense roaring noise.
It will prove an interesting problem to confine and control
any commercial deposits of natural gas that may be found in
the Clinton horizon of this well at an approximate depth of
7,000 feet, since if the rock pressure increases in the same
proportion as is customary with depth, namely, about 45 pounds
to the square inch for every 100 feet of depth, the gas pressure
in the Qinton horizon should approximate 3,000 pounds, a
figure with which the oil and gas engineers have had but little
experience, since no natural gas pressures have yet been re-
corded, in the Appalachian field at least, which exceeded 1,500
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 395
pounds. As one means of dealing with an immense pressure,
and one which appears entirely feasible, Mr. Barger of The
Peoples Natural Gas Company, plans to let the gas feed into
the porous sands whose gas has been largely drained from the
upper portion of the boring, thus refilling these exhausted reser-
voirs and finally restoring their original rock pressures, or even
exceeding them, from which the gas can be led into the field
lines under the customary rock pressures of these upper sands.
In this event these higher sands would act in the same manner
as a reducing or regulating valve does in stepping down high
pressures to lower ones along the present transmission lines be-
fore the gas reaches the point of consumption.
FACILITIES OFFERED FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.
Mr. Johnson, of the United States Bureau of Standards,
will have charge of and be given every facility for securing
accurate temperature measurements of this deep well, and as
the locality is in the undisturbed region when Dr. William
Hallock has done such excellent pioneer work along this line,
very interesting and valuable results may be expected, especially
if the boring shall attain a depth of 8,000 feet or more, which
Mr. Pew says it will, if money, machinery, and expert drillers
can succeed in making a hole in the earth to that great depth.
Too much praise cannot be given Messrs. Pew, Corrin, Barger,
and others, connected with The Peoples Natural Gas Company
for the public spirit they have shown in dedicating this expensive
well to the interests of pure science.
POSTSCRIPT.
Under date of May 27, 191 3, Mr. L. F. Barger, general
superintendent of The Peoples Natural Gas Company, has fur-
nished additional data concerning this most interesting well.
The drill had attained a depth of 6,052 feet on December 31,
1912, when this paper was read at New Haven, and a set of
drilling tools was then in the hole, caught by the caving shales
above. The tools were finally recovered, and to prevent any
recurrence of such troubles the 6f" casing was inserted at
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396 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
6,053 ft., 8 feet in a brownish gray sand, which the writer
tentatively identifies with the Oriskany. The record from the
bottom of the Comiferous flint at 6,045 feet down to the present
depth on May 27th, 191 3, is given as follows by Mr. Barger.
Thickness Total
Feet Feet.
Sand (water and gas 6,060 feet) 155 6,200
Brown Sand 60 6,260
White Sand (salt water, 6,360 to 6,265 feet) 10 6,270
Brown Sand to bottom 29
The analysis of the water formed at 6,260 ft. looks as
though we had here a case of fossil ocean water imprisoned since
mid-Paleozoic time. An effort is being made to exhaust it by
pumping, so that the well can be drilled to much greater depths
in search of the Clinton or Medina petroliferous beds, and pos-
sibly to the Trenton horizon, 1,000 feet lower.
The immense quantity (239) feet of sandstone at the
horizon of the Oriskany, which continues below the present
depth, was unexpected at this locality, but is duplicated at the
Lehigh River, in Carbon County, Pennsylvania, as described in
the writer's Report on Pike and Monroe Counties, G6, of the
Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, page 124, where
the Stormville shales and sandstones at the top of the Lower
Helderberg series appear to have coalesced with the Oriskany
beds, thus forming one great mass of sandstone over 200 feet
in thickness. Hence it is possible that this 239 feet of sand-
stone may represent a portion of the Lower Helderberg rocks,
since a regular sandstone bed, the Deckers Ferry sandstone of
Monroe County, Pennsylvania, sometimes occurs well down to-
ward the base of this group of rocks.
Mr. Pew and Mr. Barger will make every effort that
financial resources and drilling talent can supply to sink this
well to a depth of 8,000 feet, thus making it the deepest well in
the world and rendering available a knowledge of the thickness
and character of the underlying Paleozoic beds of this inter-
esting locality, so far removed from any exposure of these
rocks, the nearest Oriskany outcrops being at Altoona, Pennsyl-
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 397
vania, and Keyser, West Virginia, each of which is nearly loo
miles distant and in the heart of the Allegheny Mountains.
The great reduction in temperatures found at 6,000 feet
is due to the sudden expansion of natural gas, a small flow
of which under great pressure (probably 2,500 pounds or more
to the square inch) was encountered near and below that horizon.
The temperature of 156° Fahrenheit, recorded first at 6,095 f^^^
is, however, so much greater (156° to 140°), namely,
16°, than that (140°) recorded at 5,800 feet that it probably
was elevated a few degrees by the pounding of the drill on the
hard sandstone, and this looks all the more probable, since the
water found at 6,250 feet has only the same temperature (156°),
which itself reveals a rapid increase in gradient below 5,800
feet, or at the rate of i degree for every 29 feet. The results
of other temperature measurements on this well at greater depths
will prove of surpassing interest.
DISCUSSION.
President Guffey: We would be very much pleased to
hear any remarks from any member of the Association on this
important subject if any of you care to discuss it.
Mr. J. C. McDowell: Mr. President, I wish to express
my very high appreciation of the paper as prepared by Mr.
Gray and read by Mr. Hadley. It is the most valuable com-
pilation of statistics and information on this subject extant. 1
am very glad to have it in this form and know that it is to go
into the records of the proceedings of our Association.
I have only one suggestion to make and I make that to Mr.
Gray through Mr. Hadley, and that is this, if he would have
their Geologist make a general geological section of Western
Pennsylvania, as we are all familiar with it, and show just exactly
where, on a plate in the back of this paper, this occurs in that
geological section, it would be of great benefit to all of us. Any
of us can dig it out who are at all familiar with the geology of
that section of the country, but to the average man who reads
this valuable paper it would be a great satisfaction to him if
that were done. Therefore, if consistent and agreeable, I would
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398 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
suggest that it be done and that it be inserted as an additicHial
leaf.
President Guffey : Mr. Hadley, will you attend to that ?
Mr. F. L. Hadley : I will speak to Mr. Gray in regard to it.
President Guffey: If there is no further discussion, we
will proceed with the next paper entitled "Wrought Iron Pipe
for Use in Natural Gas Field", by Mr. James Aston of the A.
M. Byers Company.
Mr. James Aston : In preparing this paper on "Wrought
Iron Pipe for Use in the Natural Gas Industry," I refrained
from speaking of the details of the manufacture of the pipe and
also of the details of the process by which the materials are ob-
tained. I endeavored to state the characteristics of the mate-
rials which result from these processes and the adaptability of
these materials — steel as contrasted with wrought iron — for
service requirements in the gas industry. If we consider the
various stages of the gas industry, the service requirements are
probably more severe and more diversified in character than we
find in any other particular industry.
Mr. James Aston then read the following paper:
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WROUGHT IRON PIPE FOR USE IN NATURAL GAS
FIELD.
By James Aston
The recovery and distribution of natural gas is so dependent
upon pipe that a paper dealing with the characteristics and
adaptability of certain available products may not be out of
place at this meeting. This is particularly true since in several
places in which pipe is employed, there is variation in the nature
of the service requirement, and a certain quality or characteristic
which may be essential or desirable in one class of service
may be entirely subordinated where other requirements are
predominant.
Welded pipe is of greatest importance by far. The details
of manufacture of this product were so well treated in a paper
presented before this association a few years ago, that it would
appear to be unnecessary repetition to deal with this phase of
the subject at the present time, since operating methods in
forming and welding pipe are essentially common to both
wrought iron and steel. Your association is primarily con-
(390)
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400 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
cerned with the suitability of the products for your conditions
of service, and to this end you are more interested in the char-
acteristics and properties of the material from which the pipe
is made, than in the methods for its manufacture, or even in
the details of processes by which the base material itself is
obtained.
Two classes of material are of importance in the manu-
facture of welded pipe for natural gas service — steel and
wrought iron. Both are the products of the refining of a
more impure pig or cast iron. The fundamental chemical prin-
ciples by which this purification is accomplished are the same
in both cases, but details of operation and equipment differ in
the two processes, so that steel is markedly different from
wrought iron in both chemical and physical characteristics. The
essential features are as follows:
Steel, (a) Bessemer, The Bessemer process effects a
rapid purification of a large charge of molten pig iron (15 tons
in 15 minutes) by blowing air under high pressure through the
bath of the metal. Of the impurities eliminated, carbon passes
off as gas, while the other ingredients unite to form a fluid slag.
The finished charge is poured from the furnace in a molten
condition into molds, which form an ingot that is rolled into
the skelp required for pipe manufacture. And because both
steel and slag are molten, the latter is entirely separated by
flotation, and none appears in the final product.
Drawbacks of the Bessemer process are (i) lack of control
and consequent irregularities of product, due to character of
equipment and rapidity of operation; (2) failure to effect any
elimination of sulphur and phosphorus; (3) manganese must
be added to the finished charge to counteract otherwise detri-
mental effects of the process ; (4) segregation, that is, irregular
distribution and concentration into localized zones during
solidification, of the comparatively large quantities of impurities
which are present due to non-elimination or addition; (5) en-
tire elimination of the slag.
It is well recognized in engineering practice that Bessemer
steel is the least reliable of all steels, and that the situation is
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 401
growing worse, rather than better, with steady deterioration
in the quality of ore and other raw materials of manufacture.
For years, open hearth steel has been demanded for structural
shapes, boiler plate, and the highest grades of steel; and of
late years Bessemer steel rails are being steadily superseded by
the open hearth product. Bessemer steel is the material entering
into the manufacture of the bulk of merchant pipe and oil and
gas country tubular goods.
(b) Open Hearth, The Open Hearth process refines
large heats (50 to 100 tons) in a period of 8 to 12 hours. The
character of equipment and process admits of control during
operations, and a higher degree of refining may be accomplished
than in Bessemer working. However, many of the drawbacks
of the Bessemer process are present, since the fluid condition
of the finished charge results in elimination of all slag; al?o
manganese additions are made to the heat, and there is the
same opportunity for segregation.
Wrought Iron. Good wrought iron is made by refining
pig iron of proper grade in a puddling furnace. A small charge
(560 lbs.) is first melted down, and then refined by suitable
additions of iron oxide in the form of ore or roll scale. Com-
plete and uniform refining is ensured by hand rabbling or stir-
ring of the heat. The total time of a heat is i^ to 2 hours.
As in steel making, carbon is eliminated as a gas, while the other
constituents which are removed unite to form a slag of glassy
character. As contrasted with steel making, however, the fur-
nace temperature in puddling is so low that the iron is finished
in a pasty, non-fluid condition, and in consequence is removed
from the furnace as a spongy ball, throughout which there is
uniformly disseminated a considerable portion of the slag. Part
•of the slag is expelled by squeezing the ball of iron; but just as
it is impossible to expel ail of the water from a sponge by pres-
sure alone, so we cannot eliminate all of the slag from the pud-
dle ball by squeezing, and there remains about i>4 percent (by
weight) of the slag mechanically mixed with the highly refined
iron.
The puddle balls are rolled into bars (muck bars) which,
26
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402 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
in turn, are sheared to short lengths, built up into piles, and
after heating to welding temperature, are rolled into finished
skelp or plate. The repiling and rolling of the muck bar ensures
uniformity in the skelp because of distributing the even slight
differences which it is possible to have in the individual bars;
also we realize the benefits of additional work put upon the
metal, and accomplish a finer distribution of the slag through
this additional reduction of sectional area during rolling.
Well made wrought iron has the following characteristics :
1. A high purity of base metal.
2. Uniformity in chemical and physical character of the base metal.
3. Absence of segregation because (a) there is a virtual absence of
those impurities which segregate (b) the final stages of refining
are carried out upon a non-fluid metal, while segregation can result
only by concentration in a liquid during solidification.
4. No additions of manganese or other elements are made to the re-
fined metal
5. There is a thorough and uniform distribution of slag throughout
the metal. This is mechanically incorporated in the form of a
multitude of minute threads or ribbons, which may be likened to
a series of fine meshed screens, with the meshes no wider than
1/500 to 1/1000 inch in both width and thickness of the skelp. In
other words, there are from one-half million to one million of
these filaments per square inch of section of the metal.
Steel and wrought iron differ chemically and physically.
All steel carries appreciable manganese, and in general is not so
pure as to base metal as well puddled wrought iron.
This difference is especially pronounced in comparing
wrought iron and Bessemer steel, the most important metals
entering into pipe manufacture. In addition, and of primary
importance, no steel making process results in a product within
which there is incorporated that slag which is so important a
physical characteristic of well made wrought iron, and has such
an important bearing upon those properties which fit it for
specialized service.
Typical chemical analyses and physical properties are as
follows :
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
403
Pipe
Genuine Wrought
Iron.
Bessemer ]
Steel.
open Hea
Pipe Stee
Highest P
Open H
Material,
got Iron.
CO
Carbon
0.10
0.05
0.07
0.11
0.37
0.10
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.35
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.01
Silicon
0.14
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Manganese
0.12
0.02
In order to show the high purity of the base metal of
wrought iron, analysis of ingot iron is cited. This is special
open hearth material of highest commercial purity, and does not
enter into the manufacture of merchant pipe.
It is well to bear in mind in any citation of chemical anal-
yses of wrought iron, that it is a composite material consisting
of two physically distinct constituents, slag and iron, and that
the usual chemical analysis errs in giving only the total quanti-
ties of the elements found, without regard to their position in
iron or slag.
The slag in wrought iron gives it a characteristic fibrous
structure on fracture or by etching. The latter is illustrated in
Fig. I.
Fig. 1 — Wrought iron bar etched to develop fibrous structure.
The microstructure of wrought iron in transverse and
longitudinal directions is shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
The strength and ductility of wrought iron are about 10 to
15 percent less in the transverse direction, due to the nature of
the slag incorporation.
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404 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Wrought
Pipe Steel. Iron.
Tensile strength o.j.OOO lb. per sq. in 48.000
Elastic Limit '^O.OOO lb. per sq. in 25,000
Elongation in ^" 20% 12%
The lesser strength and ductility of wrought iron in com-
parison with steel is sometimes contended by the adherents of
steel as being a disadvantage in iron. However, we must not
Fig. 2 — Microphotograph of longitudinal section of wrought iron.
Light areas are iron : dark areas are slag.
forget that initial strength may suffer steady deterioration, due
to corrosion or stresses in service, and we may sooner or later
reach a point where the greater durability of the initially weaker
material may enable it to give much prolonged service under
strenuous conditions. Such conditions are prevalent in the use
of pipes for gas service.
The manufacture of wrought iron by the puddling process
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 405
is of necessity more costly than steel making operations. Does
the product have sufficient merit to warrant continuance of the
practice? Wrought iron pipe has four cardinal features which
stand out in comparison with the steel product.
( I ) Better Welding — Efficiency of weld depends upon
(effectiveness of union of iron to iron. During heating, the
edges of the skelp tend to become coated with scale, which is
quite gummy at welding temperatures, and does not squeeze out
Fig. 3 — Microphotograph of transverse section of wrought iron.
The dark streaks are slag.
of the way. The blacksmith in welding steel uses borax as a
flux, but such practice is obviously impracticable in making steel
pipe. On the other hand, fluxes are not used by the blacksmith
in welding wrought iron. It is self-fluxing because of the slag
content. This explains why the weld in wrought iron pipe is
more efficient than that in steel. Crushing tests recently made at
the University of Pittsburgh showed only eight failures in the
weld section in 136 pieces of lapweld wrought iron pipe of
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406 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
various sizes and weights. In 128 instances, therefore, the weld
was stronger than the body metal. With the increasing use of
acetylene welders, the advantages of the high welding quality of
wrought iron, become particularly emphasized.
(2) Threading — The superior threading qualities of good
wrought iron is a matter of note and is due to the fibrous char-
acter of the material, which causes the chip to break or crumble,
reducing friction and preventing the chip space from clogging.
A clean, minutely accurate thread results, which is essential to a
permanently strong, leak-proof joint. The same considerations
probably account for the lesser tendency to galling of threads
encountered when using wrought iron pipe. The advantages of
wrought iron pipe in this respect are so well known as to need
no comment, and are especially important in high pressure gas
lines.
(3) Resistance to Vibration — Figures for tensile strength,
elastic limit and elongation are no criterion of endurance under
vibratory stresses or repeated shocks. It is well established that
steel stressed to only a fractional part of its ultimate tensile
strength will fail if subjected to sufficient repetitions of the
stress. The failure is said to be due to "crystallization'' or
"fatigue".
The fibrous nature of wrought iron enables it to withstand
these shocks and vibrations very much better tHan steel does,
in spite of the slightly higher initial strength of the latter. Steel
resembles glass in its characteristics, and any minute fracture
develops with vibration, expansion, shocks and other stresses,
until complete rupture occurs. A crack in a pane of glass may
be arrested by boring a hole in its path to obstruct its progress.
The slag in wrought iron performs a similar function by arrest-
ing the development of fissures, which would continue in steel
without obstruction.
Expressed in another way, the comparison between steel
and wrought iron is analogous to a solid bar as contrasted with
a stranded cable. Fracture in the solid bar may continue under
repeated stresses until complete failure occurs; whereas, the
cable may suflFer rupture of a strand without materially affecting
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 407
the cable as a whole. The strands of the cable are independent
units. Wrought iron consists of a multitude of independent iron
fibres by reason of the associated slag filaments.
Brake rods, brake levers, equalizers, hangers, air lines, and
many other parts of locomotives and cars upon which safety of
life and limb is vitally dependent, are specified of wrought iron
according to standard practice upon the best railroads of the
country; and wrought iron staybolts for locomotive boilers are
required because they will best withstand the repeated stresses
due to expansion and contraction. And this, in spite of the fact
that no manufacturing difficulty prevents making steel for these
purposes of vastly greater tensile strength than is possible in
soft steel for pipe manufacture.
(4) Resistance to Corrosion — It is sufficient to state that
the electrolytic theory is now generally accepted. According to
this theory, all corrosion proceeds by electrolytic action caused
by small electrically conducting impurities within the metal itself,
or related causes.
It is well recognized that purity of the material, particularly
as regards absence of sulphur and manganese, is one important
factor in retarding corrosion and pitting. Why, therefore,
should not Bessemer steel, most impure in this respect of all
commercial steels, be particularly susceptible to attack? And
why should not wrought iron, highly pure, be relatively more
immune ?
We are sometimes confronted with the argument that if
impurities cause corrosion, why does not the large amount of
slag in wrought iron cause it to corrode even more quickly than
steel. The explanation is that slag, being a glassy substance, is
a poor conductor of electric current and itself practically non-
corrodible.
But purity is only one factor in the solution of the corrosion
problem and not the solution itself. For it is well established
that physical conditions, such as strains in the metal, and par-
ticularly the rust itself, play a most important role in accelerat-
ing corrosion. Such being the case, it is only possible to retard
the progress of the attack by obstructions from within the metal.
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M^H NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Steel, no matter how pure, does not offer this resistance.
Wrought iron, on the other hand, presents a myriad of slag
filaments as a barrier to the progress of corrosion and pitting,
the same as the graphite flakes in cast iron.
Pipe service in the gas fields requires in its various
phases all or part of the qualifications which have been enu-
merated above. Line and distribution pipe requires good welds
and good threads. Easy threading is particularly desirable when
pipe has to be threaded in the field.
External corrosion, due to the weather, where the pipe is
above ground, or to the attack of water and soil conditions for
buried pipe, must be met.
Casing pipe should be particularly resistant to the severe
corrosion which may be encountered in the water and soil con-
ditions of the well. A weakly resistant material may soon lose
its usefulness as a casing, and have no reclaim value because of
this fault.
Drill pipe must withstand most severe service. Maximum
strength of weld, good threads and freedom from galling, and
highest possible resistance to the severe strains, are essential
characteristics. Wrought iron is making tremendous strides in
this field, and is proving very satisfactory under conditions where
steel drill pipe caused much trouble because of crystallization
and accompanying fracture.
First cost should not be the sole criterion in the selection of
pipe. Unit cost of recovery and distribution is the vital con-
sideration to the gas company. Relative length of service,
therefore, assumes an importance greater than that of the initial
cost. Well made wrought iron pipe of necessity costs more
than steel pipe; it behooves the operator to carefully consider
whether or not the qualifications which wrought iron possesses
will ensure sufficiently extended service to warrant the extra
initial outlay.
DISCUSSION.
President Guffev : I am sure every member of the As-
sociation joins me in thanking Mr. Aston for the very able paper
he has presented this morning. In opening the discussion of this
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 409
subject, it might be well to hear first from the opposition and
therefore, I am going to call on Mr. F. N. Speller, of the Na-
tional Tube Company.
I now have the pleasure of introducing to you Mr. Speller.
^Ir. F. N. Speller: Mr. President and Gentlemen: This
paper of Mr. Aston's is certainly comprehensive and lucid in
the way he has summarized all the arguments and reasons in
favor of wrought iron for the manufacture of pipe. There is
one omission, however, which perhaps is somewhat significant
and that is he fails to cite a list of cases where wrought iron
has shown unusually long life. The reason for this may be
that there is an equally large number or larger number of cases
where it has shown unusual short life; and the same might be
said of steel pipe. The fact of the matter is that the feature
of durability is now much better understood than ever before and
all observers seem to agree that it is not a simple problem but
a subject involving many factors and many problems and nothing
is to be gained, therefore, in reciting isolated instances of unusual
durability either for one material or the other.
In order to confine this discussion to a very reasonable time
and to touch only on the high points of Mr. Aston's able paper,
I have prepared a few notes which, with your permission, I
will read.
Mr. F. N. Speller then read the following:
The material which goes into oil and gas pipe is too im-
portant to be decided by a theoretical discussion of the function
of cinder in wrought iron or the different physical char-
acteristics of wrought iron compared with steel. In drilling
operations where the material is sometimes stressed beyond the
elastic limit, failures are to be expected occasionally and it is
under actual working conditions of this kind that steel pipe has
demonstrated its superiority. That this preference is not a ques-
tion of price may be seen by the fact that drillers are willing to
pay the same or even a higher price for steel lines. A some-
what analogous case is the discarding of wrought iron for high
pressure gas cylinders which were formerly made of welded
pipe. These are now required to be made of seamless steel.
The Interstate Commerce regulations also require ammonia
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410 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
cylinders to be made of lapweld steel pipe. The large majority
of high pressure oil and gas lines are of steel. The reason for
this is that steel pipe will stand 40 to 50% more pressure than
wrought iron pipe of the same dimensions, which means greater
carrying capacity and safety. These few illustrations indicate
that steel pipe is used almost exclusively where the maximum
strength and high resistance is required, but as further evidence
of the general trend, I quote below the production of iron and
steel skelp from records of the American Iron and Steel Insti-
tute from 1905 to 1915 in gross tons:
PRODUCTION OF IRON AND STEEL SKELP IN THE UNITED STATES.
Year. Iron.
1905 452.797
190G 391.517
1907 444,5.%
1908 297.049
1909 370,151
1910 350.578
1911 322,397
1912 327,012
1913 312.746
1914 264,340
1915 262,198
A recent canvass of 105 gas companies in New England as
to their present practice with respect to gas service lines resulted
as follows:
Per cent
Tliose using steel pipe exclusively 75 71 .42
Those using steel and wrought iron 13 12.38
Those using wrought iron exchisively •■.. 15 14.28
Unknown 2
During the past twelve years the leading producer of steel
pipe has increased their oil and gas pipe production nearly 100%.
At the present time it is well known that the deliver)' of steel
pipe is much worse than on wrought iron and it is possible that
for this reason there is at present more wrought iron being sold
for this purpose than usual.
Steel.
Total.
Per cent
Per cent
iron.
steel.
983,198
1,435.995
31.5
68.5
1,137,068
1.528,585
25.7
74.3
1,358,091
1,802.627
24.6
75.4
853,534
1, J 50, 583
25.8
74.2
1,663.230
2.033.381
18.2
81.8
1,477,616
1,828,194
19.2
80.8
1.658,276
1.980.673
16.3
83.7
2,119,804
2.446.816
13.3
86.7
2,189,218
2,501,964
12.5
87.5
1.718.091
1.982.431
13.3
86.7
2,037,266
2,299.464
11.4
S^.ii
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 411
These are the main facts which interest the practical opera-
tor. However, there are several statements in this paper which
are likely to leave an erroneous impression, the most important
of which I will refer to briefly. Mr. Aston states that there is
lack of control in making Bessemer steel compared with Open
Hearth steel. Good pipe is made by either process but so far
as regularity of composition is concerned the modern Bessemer
process affords almost ideal control, even more so than the Open
Hearth when run in conjunction with a properly balanced plant
including all departments from Blast Furnace to Finishing Mills.
As illustrative of this in the manufacture of steel for lapweld pipe
the yearly variations between maximum and minimum carbon
contents in heats of Open Hearth steel is .059? , for Bessemer
steel .02%. Wrought Iron r.iade in small units by a large num-
ber of operators, each a law^ unto himself is about as irregular
a metallurgical product as we have. Some of the grosser ir-
regularities are corrected as Mr. Aston points out, by repiling
and re-rolling, but the pieces are never welded together entirely
and this piling increases the chances of laminations and blisters
in the finished material.
Referring to the four principal advantages claimed for
wrought iron :
( I ) Welding: The claims as to better welding quality for
wrought iron could be disproved by mill records, but the pur-
chaser knows that the weld in steel pipe can be depended on
and that steel pipe has in this respect special advantages and is
generally used for autogeneous welding.
Steel pipe is self-fluxing. From what Mr. Aston said, he
might unintentionally have given you the idea it is not necessary
to have flux with steel. The distinction between pipe steel and
ordinary steel is simply this, that pipe steel is made specially so
as to give it that fluxing quality. That is what distinguishes it
as distinct from wire steel and plate steel and other forms of
steel. It has even more advantages in this respect because the
fluxing quality in pipe steel is more uniform than it ever can be
in wrought iron pipe and the result is that we get much larger
records in the welding of steel — or pipe made of steel than made
of wrought iron. I can speak from practical experience on this
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412 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
subject as we were at one time the largest makers of wrought
iron pipe in the country and for many years made both wrought
iron and steel in the same mill. You understand, of course,
each piece of pipe stands on its own merits. It has to be tested
independently and has to pass individual tests so that it is very
easy to collect practical data on that particular point. There is
nothing that is more firmly established than the fact that steel
can be made of such uniform welding quality as to be much
superior in that respect to wrought iron.
(2) Threading: Wrought iron is said to thread easily be-
cause the chips **break or crumble". The micro sections, (Figs.
2 and 3) suggest trouble with stripped threads which is actually
what experience teaches when the iron carrries an excessive
amount of cinder. The samples sliown appear to have nearly
20% cinder rather than i\ per cent, as claimed. Unfortunately
for our friends the cinder theory cannot be made to solve both
the corrosion and the threading trouble. In this case what is
sauce for the goose is not sauce for the gander. Shops in the
field are now equipped so as to cut a clean thread on steel pipe
as easily as on wrought iron ; if not this can be easily remedied.
There can surely be no question of the superior strength and
reliability of the steel thread as the material is more homogene-
ous and stronger.
(3) Resistance to vibration is largely a matter of design of
joint. The picture drawn by Mr. Aston of a wrought iron line
continuing in service in a well with fissures extending partly
through the metal is not very reassuring. The sharp root on the
Briggs thread is probably responsible for many broken joints.
A combined committee of the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers and other engineering societies has recently recom-
mended that the present pipe thread be flattened more like the
U. S. Standard.
(4) Corrosion: This is a coni])licated subject involving
many factors, all of which must be considered in trying to explain
the phenomena. The Author refers to the mechanical interfer-
ence of cinder in wrought iron. While in some parts of the iron
this undoubtedly is a factor he fails to point out that usually the
cinder is irregularly distributed and more important still, the
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 413
cinder has a strong galvanic action which sets up local currents
from the iron to the cinder, resulting in accelerated corrosion.
This reaction is true of all the oxides. Mr. Aston has pointed
out that rust has that same action. So does magnetic oxide of
which the cinder is mostly made up.
The resultant of these and many other forces will determine
the relative life of the pipe and I maintain this is too compli-
cated a problem to be solved by other than tests in actual service
where both materials are put in use together under identical
conditions. There are many of such tests and experiences, all
indicating that there is no practical difference in the long run
between wrought iron and steel in this respect. l>ut even if there
was some basis for this claim, the field lines can be easily protected
in places where corrosion is anticipated, by a coating of pitch or
cement concrete and made to last considerably longer at com-
paratively small cost. The portion subject to corrosion is usually
only a small proportion of the length of the line and if this is
properly protected there is no reason why the life of the line
cannot be prolonged to any desired extent. (Applause).
I^RESiDENT GuFFEY : We would be pleased to hear from any
other member by way of discussion on this paper or on this very
interesting and important topic.
Mr. S. S. Wyer: Mr. President, I would like to bring out
two features as far as wrought iron pipe is concerned based on a
large number of observations on a main line. It was found that
as far as the corrosion was concerned where steel was used in the
line, that it could, in nearly all cases be traced directly to mois-
ture in the soil. That is, where the line was properly drained
there was no corrosion. I am speaking now^ of the soil around
the line. Where that soil w'as not properly drained, we invariably
found corrosion. For that reason I believe that a great many
line corrosion troubles would be solved if adequate provision were
made to get the subsoil water away from the metal. That is.
instead of merely laying the lines at any grade, when the line is
laid originally make such arrangements as may be necessary to
keep the Hne entirely free from subsoil water at all the low places.
If that is done a large part of your line troubles from corrosion
will be taken care of.
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414 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
The second feature 1 want to call to your attention is that
there is no distinction between wrought iron and steel as far as
the rate of corrosion from electrolysis is concerned. Considerable
money has been wasted by putting in high priced metal with the
idea that the high priced metal would take care of the corrosion
difficulties. Where you have stray currents on a line, whether
that line is wrought iron or steel, the rate of corrosion will be
substantially the same regardless of the fact as to whether the
line is one or the other. (Applause).
President Guffey : We would be pleased to hear from any
other member in any further discussion of this subject. If no
other member desires to discuss it at this time, I will ask Mr.
Aston, do you wish to be heard again?
Mr. James Aston: Mr. President and Gentlemen: You
have no doubt heard of the two men w^ho were lined up at a
bar in a western city and got into a discussion as to who wrote
"Robinson Crusoe." The big fellow said it was William
Shakespeare, while the little fellow said it was Sir Francis
Bacon. The big fellow^ said this wasn't so and that he could
prove it, while the little man told the big one he did not know
what he was talking about, and proceeded to take off his coat
to show him. After the fight had proceeded to the point where
the big man had the little fellow down and was pummelling
him, he put the question *''Who wrote Robinson Crusoe?"
"William Shakespeare." said the little man. "Sure of it?" said
the other. "Dead sure," said the little one, "I saw him do it."
I suppose that is the only way Mr. Speller and I can ever
settle this steel-wrought iron controversy, because it does not
appear that we can get together on it through discussion on
the platform.
To discuss many of the points that Mr. Speller has raised
would be merely to repeat statements made in my paper. Some,
again, would require lengthy or technical argument, which I
have no desire to inflict upon you. Rut there are a few^ points
brought out in his discussion that I should like to touch upon
briefly.
First, with regard to specifying steel in certain high pressure
lines. Mr. S])ellers reference is solely to static stress, and
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 415
where the question of service deterioration is of secondary
consideration. The instances of service and requirements are
those to which steel is primarily adapted because of its high
initial strength. We admit in the paper that wrought iron does
not have the same initial strength.
Mr. Speller, in referring to the fact that drillers are willing
to pay the same and even a higher price for steel lines, un-
doubtedly has in mind the so-called seamless upset steel pipe
which is a specialty costing more than genuine wrought iron.
It was put on the market on account of the unsatisfactory
service given by ordinary welded steel pipe, on which it is a
great improvement. We frankly recc^^nize its merits over ordi-
nary steel pipe, but do not believe it is worth as much as
wrought iron. We do not believe that anyone, after trying
wrought iron drill pipe, will go back to seamless upset pipe
at a higher or even at the same price.
In practically all pipe service, wrought iron has strength
to spare for the usual requirements; comparison of initial
strength of wrought iron and steel is therefore immaterial.
The feature that does enter into consideration, however, is the
deterioration of one material as compared with the other in
a given interval of time ; since the length of service is determined
by relative durability of the two materials under vibratory
stresses and corrosion conditions.
As to production, we must of course admit that steel has
forged ahead; and why shouldn't it? Steel is a tonnage product
of general application; wrought iron is a specialty product with
particular fields of utility. I do not know the figures, but there
is a very large proportion of the tonnage of pipe used in which
the tube feature proper, so far as the conveyance of material
is concerned, does not enter into consideration. Why should
you put the higher priced wrought iron into bedsteads, in-
door railings, wheelbarrow handles, and the like? Again, we
have a multitude of buyers who will purchase material of least
cost even though they know it is not the best available for their
service. Some from necessity; others from choice. We may
buy a three dollar pair of shoes when a six dollar pair would
be better; either because we do not have six dollars in our
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416 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
pocket and we must have shoes, or because we are not con-
vinced that the six dollar pair is any better for our use, or
because somebody has told us that the three dollar pair is as.
good as the six dollar shoes.
Again you must not forget, gentlemen, that when the largest
manufacturer of pipe in the country flops from one side of the
fence to the other, it makes a hole in the wrought iron tonnage
and puts the figure in the other column.
Mr. Speller states that the tonnage in oil and gas country
tubular goods of the leading steel pipe producer, has gone up
ICO per cent in the last few years. You may be interested in
learning that the output of the leading wrought iron pipe manu-
facturer in pipe for oil and gas service has increased several
hundred percent in this period.
As to uniformity of product, steel is made in large tonnages
and it is an accepted fact that the Bessemer process allows
the least latitude in control and does not effect the elimination
of impurities which are found in the ore and pig iron in in-
creasing quantities day by day. This is the reason why works
making the highest grades of steel have changed from the Bes-
semer to the open hearth side in the past few years.
On the other hand, while wrought iron is made in small lots
and by hand, and there is no analysis of the product during
the process of manufacture, the iron from the puddling furnace,
so far as the base metal is concerned, is practically lOO per cent
pure. It is virtually impossible to get far from this purity, since
the working of the process automatically controls the chemical
characteristics of the base metal in well puddled wrought iron.
Mr. Speller referred to the irregular distribution of slag,
and to the fact that it was not well distributed in all places.
Bear in mind the extremely fine state of distribution which I
stated ; not more than one-five hundredth to one-thousandth part
of an inch apart in both width and depth of material. It would
not be well made wrought iron if the distribution became very
much coarser than that, or if such distribution varied much from
uniformity. Repeated tests have shown well made wrought iron
to have a uniform slag distribution of the character mentioned.
One speaker states that steel pipe corrodes no more than
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 417
wrought iron in well drained dry lines. This is true. You do
not have corrosion if there is no moisture; for moisture is one
of the essential factors. Those of you using pipe in the gas
industry realize that you have no control over this feature.
You may at times be able to provide some drainage; but when
you sink a casing you cannot control the character or condition
of the soil you are going through, or its moisture content.
You have to put up with what is there; and in such event you
had better choose the material which is best adapted to with-
stand that which is there.
When the electrolytic theory of corrosion is spoken of, or
corrosion due to electrolytic action, do not get this confused in
your minds with electrolysis due to stray currents. So far as
resistance to external electrolysis is concerned, it is doubtful
whether wrought iron is better than steel, since stray currents
from street railways, etc., are induced by forces foreign to the
pipe line, and when a given current leaves the pipe, it must
carry into solution its quantitative equivalent in iron, whether
this comes from steel or iron pipe. When we speak of corrosion
going on according to the electrolytic theory, however, we refer
to forces set up by the metal itself. The more impure the sub-
stance* is, the greater is the electrolytic action which comes into
play. In addition to greater purity, wrought iron possesses an
advantage over steel by reason of the fact that we have within it
the slag barriers which retard the progress of corrosion as the
other causes come into play. (Applause.)
President Guffey : Any further discussion of this paper ?
Gentlemen, we make now completed the list of papers provided
for this meeting and we will now proceed with the reports of
committees.
The first committee I will call upon for report is the Joint
National Committee on Electrolysis. Mr. Forrest M. Towl is
Chairman, and Samuel S. Wyer and Bert C. Oliphant are
members.
Mr. Bert C. Oliphant: Gentlemen: Mr. Wyer should
really read this report as he had done practically all the work
but he is so modest that he asked me to read it for him.
Mr. Bert C. Oliphant then presented the following:
27
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418 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
REPORT OF JOINT NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON
ELECTROLYSIS.
The Natural Gas Association of America:
Your Committee appointed to represent the Association in
the Joint National Committe on Electrolysis reports the follow-
ing as a summary for the year's work:
The results of the Committee's work have been embodied in
a bound printed report which may be obtained for $i.oo from
the Secretary of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers,
29 West 39th Street, New York City. A copy of this report
has been filed with the Resident Secretary at Permanent Head-
quarters and a copy sent to the President and the Secretary.
The general committee has appointed a sub-committee on
which this Association has a representative to prepare an addi-
tional report covering specific electrolysis remedial measures.
This sub-committee expects to make considerable progress on
this additional report this year.
Respectfully submitted,
Samuel S. Wyer,
Bert C. Oliphant,
Forrest M. Towl, Chairman,
President Guffey: What is the wish of the Association
with reference to this report? Every member of the Associa-
tion who is interested in this problem should secure a copy of
the report of this joint committee. It is very interesting and
very instructive.
Mr. Kay C. Krick: I move that the report be received,
placed on file and spread upon the minutes and that the Com-
mittee be continued for another year.
Mr. J. H. Maxon : I second the motion.
The above motion having been duly seconded was then
unanimously adopted.
President Guffey: The next report is the report of the
Committee on "Rates" of which Judge S. M. Douglas, of Mans-
field, Ohio, is Chairman. The other members of that Commit-
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 419
tee are Alfred Hurlburt, of Kansas City, Missouri, and Donald
McDonald, of Louisville, Kentucky. I take pleasure in present-
ing Judge Douglas, gentlemen.
Hon. S. M. Douglas: Mr. President and Gentlemen: I
dislike to be on a committee, especially as its chairman, when
all the report we have to offer is that we are simply, — not "beat-
ing time" but making progress. To go back to last year, we
presented a report at the last meeting, the central idea of which
was to eliminate the unprofitable consumer. We recommended
a scale of rates which was adopted by the Association. The new
things that have loomed up on the horizon of the Natural Gas
Association were largely developed in that very excellent paper
that we discussed yesterday afternoon on the question of mixing
gases and for that reason I say that about all your committee
can do at this time is to simply report that the Committee is
making progress, but we have no definite report to present.
President Guffey : The Chair will entertain a motion that
the Committee be continued if that is the wish of the Association.
Mr. J. C. McDowell : Mr. President, I move that the ver-
bal report by the Chairman of the Committee be received and
that the Committee be continued for another year.
Mr. a. J. Diescher: I second the motion.
The above motion, having been duly seconded, was then
unanimously adopted.
President Guffey : The next report, gentlemen, is the re-
port of the Committee on Ways and Means. Mr. John M.
Garard is Chairman, and the other members of the Committee
are Martin B. Daly and John E. Gill.
Mr. John M. Garard: Mr. President and Members of the
Association : The object of this committee was to present Ways
and Means of securing funds to take care of our financial affairs.
We haye thought of a great many ways to do this. Finally we
decided that the way suggested in our report was really the best
method the Committee could devise.
Mr. John M. Garard, as Chairman, then read the following :
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420 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS.
Buffalo, New York, May 17th, 191 7.
To the Officers and Members of the Natural Gas Association of
America.
Gentlemen : Your Committee on Ways and Means, after
a canvass of the different interests engaged in the business, in-
cluding production, transportation and distribution, recommends
that all companies be listed as members of this Association upon
payment of the following named fees: — ^$25.00 per annum as
membership fee.
In addition to the above one-fiftieth of 1% tax on the gross
revenue of each company for the support of the headquarters
of the Association. It is the intent of the Committee making
this recommendation, that the tax shall apply to the net gross
receipts, that is, where one company is producing and selling to
a distributing company, that the purchase price of the gas shall
be deducted from the gross receipts and the tax paid on the
balance.
Respectfully submitted,
J. M. Garard,
M. B. Daly,
Committee.
Mr. John M. Garard: You will note from the language
of this report that the $25.00 per annum as membership fee
refers to the little companies as well as to the big companies.
It matters not what your assessment might be, but this is more
in the way of a ready-to-serve change. (Laughter.) We thought
that that would not injure the little fellow and we know it will
not hurt the big fellows. You will note also that the report is
signed by only two members of the Committee. Mr. Gill is not
here, but he said he would concur in the report.
President Guffey : Gentlemen, you have heard the report
of this committee on Ways and Means. For the future of the
Association I can merely say it is the most important report we
have had at this meeting. We have plans outlined which re-
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 421
quire, as I said in my original address, at least $25,000 to main-
tain the permanent headquarters in the manner they should be
maintained and to render the service we want to render to all
companies and all members of the Association. If that plan is
put into effect it will raise a little more than the $25,000 just
mentioned. If every company joins in participating in member-
ship, Mr. Garard informs me it will raise about $28,000.00. I
sincerely hope the Association will adopt the report and approve
that method of membership. I believe we need it and it will do
the Association a lot of good. We have some rather far-reach-
ing plans for the future by which we will be able to render a
good deal more service to the companies and members than we
have in the past. What is the wish of the Association with
reference to the report?
Mr. Kay C. Krick : I move the adoption of the report.
The above motion, having been duly seconded, was then
unanimously adopted.
President Guffey: The next report is the report of the
Committee on Memorials. Mr. Milt Saul is Chairman and Mr.
R. W. Gallagher and Mr. C. W. Sears are members.
Mr. Milt Saul then read the following:
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REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON MEMORIALS.
To the Members of the Natural Gas Association of
America:
Gentlemen : The solemn hour has arrived when
we pause to reflect on the loss this Association has sus-
tained during the past year through the Hand of Death.
We see a list of departed brothers that is at once startling
in proportion and yet distinguished for the names it
contains. We mourn our loss yet, in contemplating the
names of those who have Crossed the Bar since we met
last year we cannot help but feel that each name repre-
sents a full measure of this life's activities and a life
work that is well done.
It is the recommendation of your Committee that a
page in the minutes of these proceedings be set aside to
permanently record this Association's sincere sorrow at
the loss sustained in the deaths of
T. N. Barnsdall, W. J. Reilly,
F. B. EnSLOW, G. X. WiTTMER,
H. J. HoYT, Louis B. Fulton.
And that the expression of this sentiment be for-
warded by our Secretary in appropriate form to the
families of our departed associates.
Milt Saul^
R. W. Gallagher,
C. W. Sears,
Committee.
President Guffey : You have heard the report of
the Committee on Memorials. What is the desire of the
Convention ?
Mr. J. C. McDowell : I move, Mr. President, that
the report be adopted by a rising vote.
Mr. a. J. DiESCHER : I second the motion.
And thereupon the above motion, having been duly
seconded, was unanimously adopted by a rising vote.
(422)
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 423
President Guffey: The Secretary will see to it that the
request contained in the report be carried out with reference to
forwarding to the families of our departed associates an expres-
sion of our sincere sorrow at the loss sustained by the death of
the members referred to in the report.
The next committee to hear from is the Committee on Presi-
dent's Address, consisting of Martin B. Daly, J. W. McMahon,
and O. K. Shannon.
Mr. Martin B. Daly then presented the following:
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON PRESIDENT'S
ADDRESS.
Buffalo, New York, May 17th, 19 17.
To the Members of the Natural Gas Association of America:
Gentlemen : The address of President Joseph F. Guffey,
evidences careful, conservative thought along constructive lines'
and the recommendations made should receive thoughtful con-
sideration by the Natural Gas Industry generally. We suggest
that special attention be given to the President's words on con-
servation and the elimination of all waste by companies having
public obligations and the exercise of the influence of this
Association and its members on the producer, seller and
user, who have none of the obligations assumed by the
utility engaged in serving the people, so that the concerted action
recommended may become a reality, not only locally but nation-
ally. Special attention is called to the reference made to the duty
of this organization in sustaining national honor, and to this end
your committee especially calls to the attention of the members
that the National Defense Board, constituted of the ablest minds
of the country, has honored the Natural Gas Association by ap-
pointing one of its members to take an active part. We suggest
that the individual and united effort be concentrated in bringing
to the Defense Board through the member of this Association all
information that may contribute to the success of his work and
will enable him to serve our country best.
Your Committee unanimously recommends that the address
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424 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
of the President be received, approved and spread upon the
records. Respectfully submitted,
M. B. Daly,
James W. McMahon,
O. K. Shannon,
Committee.
f
Mr. T. C. Jones: Gentlemen, you have heard the report
of the Committee on President's Address. What is your pleasure ?
Mr. John M. Garard : I move that the report of the Com-
mittee be adopted and placed upon the records.
Mr. J. C. McDowell : I second the motion.
The above motion, having been duly seconded, was then
unanimously adopted.
President Guffey : Your Chairman yesterday was author-
ized to appoint a committee of five to represent the Natural
Gas Association of. America and to work under the direction
of and in harmony with the sub-committee of the National
Council of Defense of which Mr. A. C. Bedford is Chairman.
I will now state that I desire a little while longer to consider
the personnel of that committee. I will attend to it, however,
in a few days after consultation with some of the more active
members of the Association.
The next report is the report of the Committee on the time
and place of next meeting. Mr. Kay C. Krick is Chairman
and Mr. William B. Way and O. K. Shannon are members.
Mr. W. B. Way then submitted the following:
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON TIME AND PLACE OF
NEXT MEETING.
Your Committee on Time and Place of Next Meeting rec-
ommends that the meeting be held Tuesday, Wednesday, and
Thursday of the third week in May, 1918, but believe it would
be inadvisable to select the place of meeting now and recommend
that this be decided upon by the Board of Directors of the
Natural Gas Association at a later date, such date to be de-
termined by them.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 426
Your Committee would also recommend that provided suit-
able exhibit hall, meeting room and hotel accommodations be
assured, that your Board of Directors look with favor upon the
application of Louisville, Kentucky.
Wm. B. Way,
O. K. Shannon,
K. C. Krick.
Mr. Wm. B. Way : Mr. Shannon asked me to add to this
report that he has signed, the fact that he is in favor of selecting
Louisville, Kentucky, now as the place of next meeting.
Mr. Maurice W. Walsh, of the Louisville Gas & Electric
Company, Louisville, Kentucky, then said:
Mr. President, before any action is taken upon this report T
would like to read a few telegrams welcoming the Association to
Louisville, Kentucky, next year.
Being a charter member of this Association, having attended
every convention held by the Association, having had the pleas-
ure of entertaining you gentlemen at one time at Oklahoma
City, being familiar with the needs in entertaining the mem-
bers of the Association, I desire to present to you briefly the
advantages of Louisville, Kentucky, in that regard. I call to
mind the first meeting that was had in the organization of this
Association. The organization of this association was taken up
in the town of Ottawa, Kansas, by three members, one of whom
I believe has dropped out since, those three members being
Mr. Becker, Mr. Sears and myself. The suggestion was made to
Mr. Sears on account of his affiliation with the Kansas Natural
and visiting different points in that locality that he speak to the
gas men in particular in regard to forming such an Association.
He did that in his travels and a meeting was called at the Midland
Hotel which was attended by 13 gas men. Some of the members
being superstitious in regard to the figure 13, a stranger was
admitted and invited to partake of the dinner which was held
there that day and at that meeting it was recommended that a
meeting be called in the near future for the purpose of securing a
charter and forming the Natural Gas Association of America.
This was done a few months later at the Hotel Midland. The
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426 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
preliminary call was signed by 25 members and since this time
this Association has grown to the enormous membership which
we have at the present time. I remember at that time the
meeting of the supply men in displaying their goods was held in
a store room approximately 60 feet in length by 20 feet in
width. The gas men installed gas in there for the purpose of
the better exhibiting their articles they had on display and after
opening it up the room became so hot we all had to leave.
At another time at Joplin, Missouri, our entertainment con-
sisted of an open air theatre, a block away from the hotel.
Being in a position to know, and knowing what this Asso-
ciation needs in the way of convention halls, banquet rooms and
exhibit halls for the supply men, I am here to inform you that
we have at Louisville an Armory 260 feet by 270 feet which
includes another large armory upstairs suitable for a meeting
place. The armory is situated within a block of the two leading
hotels of the city and in the heart of the city. Accommodations
at the hotels I am assured by the Hotel Men's Association,
will be ample to take care of all the needs of its members. I am
assured that the armory will be at your disposal and that we will
have all the accommodations necessary to take care of the large
number of new members that will probably be in with us by
this time next year.
I wish to read to you a few telegrams. First, I will read
the telegrams from Honorable John H. Buschemyer, Mayor of
the City of Louisville:
"Louisville desires honor of entertaining Natural Gas Association
of America in next convention and I cordially and sincerely unite in in-
vitation extended by our commercial organization."
I next desire to read a telegram from the Board of Trade
of the City of Louisville by William E. Morrow, its Secretary,
which is as follows :
"Board of Trade earnestly urges acceptance of invitation from con-
vention league to Natural Gas Association to hold next meeting in
Louisville."
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 427
I next desire to read telegram from Louisville Convention
and Publicity by C. C. Ousley, its secretary, as follows :
"Commercial and Civic Organizations of Louisville unite in cordial
invitation to Natural Gas Association of America to meet here next
year. We will provide armory as exhibit hall with uninterrupted floor
space 240 by 270 feet; will furnish hotel, convention hall seating eight
hundred and hotel banquet hall seating 500, all within block and half
of armory. Our hotel accommodations are adequate for largest con-
ventions. Please inform delegates that the metropolis of the state
famed for hospitality sincerely bids them come."
I have another telegram from Otto Seelbach, President of
the Louisville Hotel Association as follows :
"Am elated at your prospect of landing convention in Louisville
next year. Telegram of invitation from Convention League endorsed
by all commercial organizations on the way. Our Hotel Association
will do all in their power to make the convention a success and you
can depend on our cooperation. The Seelbach seats eight hundred for
conventions, or five hundred for banquet."
Now gentlemen, I do hope before you adopt this report that
you will vote unanimously to hold your next meeting next year
in Louisville, Kentucky. We have all the accommodations nec-
essary to take care of you. If I were not positive of this I would
not come before you and ask your indulgence in this matter.
I am certainly personally able to speak from experience as I have
attended all of your previous meetings and I know that the
accommodations for the Association as to meeting place, banquet
hall and exhibit hall, together with hotel accommodations, will
be ample and that if you so decide you will be cordially received
and properly taken care of, and after experiencing the hos-
pitality which we are ready to give you, you will be proud of
your visit to Louisville. I thank you. (Great applause.)
President Guffey : Any further discussion with reference
to the report of the Committee? What is the wish of the con-
vention with regard to the report of the committee? The com-
mittee recommends briefly that the third week of May, 1918, be
the time for the holding of our next annual meeting and the
report also recommends providing a suitable exhibit hall, meeting
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428 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
room and hotel accommodations be assured, your board of direc-
tors look with favor upon the application of Louisville, Kentucky.
The Committee, however, report that it believes it would be in-
advisable to select a place of meeting now and recommends that
this be decided upon by the Board of Directors at a later date.
Mr. Maurice W. Walsh : Mr. President, I desire to make
a motion that this convention decide at this time to meet next
year in the city of Louisville and hold its next annual meet-
ing there.
Mr. O. K. Shannon : I second that motion,
Mr. John M. Garard: Mr. President, I am heartily in
favor of Louisville and would be glad to go but I am not right
sure that it is the proper thing to accept an invitation from any
city at this time. I am sure that Mr. Walsh knows what he is
talking about in regard to accommodations. That part of it is
not in question. But gentlemen, we are in war. He speaks of
the Armory at Louisville. The armory may be occupied by other
people at that time. I was about to move the adoption of the
report but I am reminded that there is a motion already before
the house. I think it would be very much better to leave this
to our honorable Board of Directors for future action. I do
not believe we should decide it today.
Mr. William B. Way: Mr. President, I asked for the
floor immediately upon the reading of the report for the purpose
of making a request but the Chair did not see me and recognized
Mr. Walsh. May I make that request still?
President Guffey : Yes; you may make it.
Mr. William B. Way: May I make a motion that will
supersede Mr. Walsh's motion?
President Guffey: That will be out of order. We will
. have to vote on the question before the house.
Mr. Martin B. Daly: Mr. President, I am not one of
the officers of the Association and therefore will not probably
be annoyed by a report of this kind, but it seems to me that the
Committee has shifted the responsibility in making an indefinite
report. I say that without any intent to criticise the Committee.
If this report is adopted as it has been presented, the directors
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 429
of the Association and the other officers of this organization
will probably be flooded with communications for the next three
or four months asking them to send delegations to various places
and to investigate whether each particular place would be the
proper and only place for our next meeting. The Directors have
the power to revoke any acceptance at this time or at any other
time throughout the year if they find it is not consistent or con-
venient to accept. We are going to hold a convention next year.
It may not be convenient and it may not be the proper thing
for the supply men to make an exhibit because there may be
difficulties in the way which do not exist at this time but the
Natural Gas Association of America should by all means hold a
meeting next year and the time to decide the place of that meet-
ing, it seems to me, is here and now. (Great applause.) If
we decide later that Louisville is not the place, the Board of
Directors can revoke the acceptance and decide on some other
place. I am sure that Mr. Walsh, representating as he does the
gas interests of Louisville, will be glad to join with us if any
such difficulty should arise in selecting a more proper or more
convenient location for our next meeting. It seems to be about
the only available place. Down there the armory is not occupied,
as I understand it, during that season of the year. If there are
any soldiers they are out in tents due to the climatic conditions
existing in Kentucky. It seems to me this is about the only
invitation before this convention that could be accepted. I know
as to other places there is a degree of uncertainty as to whether
the convention could be taken care of if it was decided to go
there. I am in favor of accepting Louisville. (Great applause.)
President Guffey: Any other remarks?
Mr. John M. Garard: Mr. President, just to show you
how quickly I can flop, I am heartily in accord with what Mr.
Daly has said. (Great laughter and prolonged applause.)
President Guffey : You also believe in passing the "buck*'
to the Board of Directors. (Renewed laughter.)
Mr. Krick, do you want to be heard as Chairman of the
Committee ?
Mr. Kay C. Krick: Mr. President and Members: Of
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430 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
course the committee in presenting their report, has done so from
a precautionary standpoint and the difficulties the committee had
in mind have been largely covered by what Mr. Garard referred
to. The Committee were all heartily in favor of Louisville and
the Committee are also heartily in favor of a meeting next year.
We felt, however, that it might be wise to leave the question
open for further consideration. I am very glad to see, though,
the matter taken up by the membership here. I would much
prefer to have you decide it by your votes rather than to seek
to have the action of the committee made final. I cheerfully
join with Mr. Garard and Mr. Daly and the others in asking
that you give Louisville consideration now and here, and decide
it as you deem best. (Great applause.)
Mr. J. C. McDowell: Mr. President, I am ordinarily dis-
posed to stand by the report of a committee that is appointed to
consider a matter but I do hope in this instance that this com-
mittee will reconsider and recommend Louisville right now.
Mr. Willl\m B. Way: Mr. President, our real object in
making the report we did was as stated by Mr. Krick. We were
all in favor of Louisville, and we were all in favor of holding
a meeting, but this is a big affair. It takes a lot of work. It
takes a lot of time which we supply men gladly give you. We
want to do everything we can to entertain you and make each
meeting of this Association better than the preceding meeting.
We will go anywhere you want to go. If you want to go to
well, even if you wanted to go to Columbus, we would go with
you. (Great laughter.)
Mr. John M. Garard of Columbus: Better wait until you
are invited. (Renewed laughter and applause).
Mr. William B. Way: But for a workman to do good
work he must have good tools and we thought possibly we would
get a chance between the time this report is made and the time
when it would be necessary to fix the place of next meeting,
to go down there and look over the situation to see what we
had to work with ourselves. Not that it makes any difference
to us a whole lot but it might have made a difference. Then
also, the idea occurred to us that all the armories and all the
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 431
large buildings might, at that time, be taken up by troops and
provisions and artillery and such equipment as go to make up
the well equipped and well provisioned army that is going to
lead us on to victory. We brought that matter to Mr. Walsh's
attention and he told us it was warm down there in May and
the troops would be out of the armory. Well, it may be warm
in May but we felt that the citizens of Louisville might possibly
need all available space for store houses. That, of course, en-
tered into it. Therefore, we think it would be good policy to
defer it for a while. We want the meeting. We know it is good
policy to have the meeting. We would not want to go on record
as favoring anything else. We know it is bad policy to do any-
thing but follow along President Wilson's idea, when he sug-
gested that we all go along with our businesses, following out
normal lines as far as possible. That is the course that we want
to follow, but if this Association now wants to go to Louisville
next year for its next place of meeting, I am with you. (Great
applause) .
President Guffey : Any further discussion ? As I under-
stand the motion before the house is to amend the report of the
Committee as to the place of our next meeting changing it from
a recommendation in favor of Louisville so as to read that the
place of our next meeting will be Louisville, Kentucky. That
motion has been seconded. Are you ready for the question?
All those in favor of meeting next year in the third week in
May, 1918, at Louisville, Kentucky, will say "Aye".
Voices; "Aye".
President Guffey; Opposed "No."
Voices: "No".
President Guffey: The "Ayes" seem to have it. The
"Ayes" do have it and it is so ordered. (More applause).
We will now hear the report of the Nominating Committee,
consisting of John M. Garard, Chairman ; A. A. Armstrong and
Bert C. Oliphant are the other members of the Committee.
Mr. John M. Garard then submitted the following verbal
report :
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432 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON NOMINATIONS.
Mr, Presidcfit, and Members of the Natural Gas Association of
America:
If I may, I would like to supplement the announcement of
the various members we have selected for various offices with
this statement. As you all know, Mr. Braden, of Tulsa, Okla-
homa, was selected last year as the Vice-President. I want to
say, however, that he told me personally he accepted it with
the understanding that the meeting went the following year to
Tulsa. He said if it did not go there he did not want the Vice-
Presidency. He also said that Tulsa could not take care of the
Convention; that the hotels were so full even with the present
traveling public that it would be out of the question for them
to offer any accommodations at all to the members of this Asso-
ciation. Mr. Braden came before this Committee yesterday and
said that on account of the Association not going west next year
— which he knew it could not do — he withdrew as Vice-Presi-
dent of the Association. In view of this fact, as there was no
Vice-President and as our present President has had the matters
in hand and as this is going to be one of the most important
years in the history of the gas industry and especially of thi^
Association, we felt that it might not be good policy to trade
officers just as this time.
With that preliminary statement, I desire to submit to you
the names of the following members of this Association to be
placed in nomination for the various offices that are to be filled :
For Presideptt: Joseph F. Guffey, of Pittsburgh, Penn-
sylvania. (Applause) .
For Vice-President: Kay C. Krick, of Coltmibus, Ohio.
(Applause) .
And I want to say to you right here that we have no
apologies to offer on account of him being a Coltmibus man,
(Laughter and applause).
For Secretary and Treasurer: Thomas C. Jones, of Dela-
ware, Ohio.
For Resident-Secretary: David Oliver Holbrook, of Pitts-
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
burgh, Pennsylvania; that is the only man I do not like to men-
tion. (Renewed laughter and applause).
For Directors: Andrew A. Armstrong, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl-
vania; James W. McMahon, Toledo, Ohio; Clifton W. Sears,
of Mansfield, Ohio; John H. Maxon, Muncie, Indiana; Harry
J. Hoover, Cincinnati, Ohio; Glenn T. Braden, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
(Applause).
For Editor Wrinkle Deportment: W. Re. Brown, Colum-
bus, Ohio.
For Assistant Editor, Wrinkle Department: Alfred J.
Diescher, Bartlesville, Oklahoma.
Respectfully submitted,
J. M. Garasd,
B. C. Oliphant,
A. A. Armstrong^
Committee.
I thank you very much, gentlemen. I do not know whether
your applause is an indication that we have done it well or
whether it is for the members we have placed in nomination.
(Renewed laughter and applause).
President Guffey : Arc there any other nominations to be
presented before the Convention ?
Mr. Martin B. Daly: Mr. President, I would like to
make one suggestion. I think the original title given the so-
called Resident Secretary, was that of Conunercial Secretary. It
seemse to me that is a more appropriate title than Resident
Secretary. Resident Secretary does not mean anything to my
mind.
John M. Garard: I would be very glad to make that
change on the record. I thank you very much, Mr. Daly.
President Guffey : Note that change. What is the wish
of the Convention as to the nominations ? Are there any further
nominations ?
Mr. Milt Saul: Mr. President, I move that the nomi-
nations be closed.
Mr. J. C. McDowell: I second the motion.
28
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434 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
The above motion, having been duly seconded, was then
unanimously adopted.
ELECTION OF OFFICERS.
Mr. Henry S. Norris: Mr. President, I move that the
report of the Committee on Nominations, as amended, be adopted
and that the Secretary be authorized and directed to cast a ballot
of all the members present for the election to office of the mem-
bers nominated for the respective positions as indicated by the
report of the Committee.
Mr. J. C. McDowell : I second the motion.
The above motion, having been duly seconded, was then
unanimously adopted.
Mr. T. C. Jones : Gentlemen : Complying with the motion
just adopted, it gives me a great deal of pleasure to cast the ballot
of each member of the Association for the election of the nomi-
nees to the various offices as referred to in the report of the
Conunittee on Nominations. I do now cast the ballot accord-
ingly. (Applause.)
President Guffey: Gentlemen, I have a very important
telegram 1 would like to read to you. Before reading it, how-
ever, I want to thank each and every member of this Association
for the honor conferred upon me and I can only assure you that
I will do all in my power to make the meeting next year the
most successful of the many successful meetings held by your
Association. ( Applause. )
You will recall that yesterday afternoon a committee con-
sisting of L. B. Denning, S. J. Lockwood tnd George W. Craw-
ford was appointed to draft resolutions pledging our support and
co-operation to the President of the United States in the present
international crisis and instructing your President to communicate
the action of this Association to the President of the United
States. Complying with the terms of that resolution, the follow-
ing telegram was forwarded under the seal of your President:
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 435
"Buffalo N. Y., May 16, 1917.
"His Excellency,
"WooDRow Wilson,
"President of the United States of America, Washington, D. C.
"At a meeting of the members of the Natural Gas Association of
America in Convention at Buffalo, N. Y., it was unanimously resolved,
amid great enthusiasm, after hearing the patriotic address of Mr. A. C.
Bedford, Chairman of the Committee on Petroleum, of the National
Council of Defense, on 'Mobilizing Industry for War.'
"That the Natural Gas Association of America, representing the
Natural Gas Industry of the United States of America, unreservedly
stands by the President in the present war crisis and pledges the co-
operation and support of all its members to the Government to secure
a successful termination of the war of democracy against autocracy, and
that the President of this Association, Mr. Joseph F. Guffey, be in-
structed to communicate the action of this Association to the President
of the United States. 'Joseph F. Guffey, President Natural Gas
Association of America,"
This morning I received the following reply :
*'The White House, Washington, D. C, May 17.
"Hon. Joseph F. Guffey,
"President Natural Gas Association of America,
"Buffalo, N. Y.
"The President deeply appreciates the patriotic assurances which
you give him in the name of The Natural Gas Association of America.
He sends to you and to the Convention his warmest thanks.
"JosEPB P. Tumulty,
"Private Secretary."
(Great applause.)
Is there any further business to come before the meeting?
Mr. Kay C. Krick : Mr. President, we were all very much
impressed yesterday by that marvelous address from Mr. Bed-
ford. It has been the general wish expressed by a number of
the members that it could be reproduced by this Association in
such numbers that the members of the Association could procure
additional copies of it for the purpose of distributing it. Mr.
Robinson, of the West Virginia Association, desires, as I under-
stand, 3,ooo copies for the membership of his Association. I
would like to make a motion before we adjourn that the Sec-
retary be instructed to print say, io,ooo copies of that address
for distribution for those who desire to distribute it.
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436 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
President Guffey : I would suggest 10,000 copies or more,
if necessary.
Mr. Kay C. Krick : Yes, or more if necessary.
Mr. Martin B. Daly : I second the motion.
President Guffey : The motion is to authorize the Secre-
tary to print 10,000 or more copies of the address as made by
Mr. A. C. Bedford yesterday. Are there any remarks?
Mr. Edwin Robinson, Secretary-Treasurer, West Virginia
Natural Gas Association, Fairmont, West Virginia : Mr. Presi-
dent, I would like to secure 3,000 copies for the Natural Gas
Association of West Virginia and I would like to inquire whether
that number is included in the 10,000 copies?
President Guffey: Mr. Robinson, that is why I added
the words "Or more if necessary."
Mr. Edwin Robinson: If that is the intention, then that
is all I desire to know.
President Guffey: The motion before the house is a
motion duly seconded for the Association to publish 10,000 or
more copies of the address of Mr. A. C. Bedford, on the Mobiliza-
tion of Industry for War, for distribution among the members
of this Association and among the members of the various gas
organizations or companies desiring such copies for distribution.
Are you ready for the question?
Voices : Question.
The above motion having been duly seconded, was then
unanimously adopted.
President Guffey : Is there any further business to come
before the meeting? I want to make this announcement. At
the beginning of the year we had an enrolled membership of
1 1 76; released from membership during the year, 142; new mem-
bers, 262 ; making the total membership at this time 1296 (great
applause).
If there is no further business to come before the Associa-
tion at this time, I will now entertain a motion to adjourn
sine die.
And thereupon, upon motion duly seconded and carried, the
Twelfth Annual Meeting of The Natural Gas Association of
America, adjourned sine die.
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APPENDIX
(437)
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OFFICERS
OF THE
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION
OF AMERICA 1917-1918
PRESIDENT.
Joseph F. Guffey Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
VICE PRESIDENT.
Kay C. Krick Columbus, Ohio
VICE PRESIDENT.
David O. Holbrook Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
SECRETARY AND TREASURER.
Thomas C. Jones Delaware, Ohio
DIRECTORS.
Bert C. Oliphant, Buffalo, N. Y Term Expires 1918
Alfred Hurlburt, Kansas City, Mo Term Expires 1918
Arthur Booth, Pittsburgh, Pa Term Expires 1918
Ogden K. Shannon, Fort Worth, Texas. . Term Expires 1918
Fred P. Grosscup, Charleston, West Va. . . Term Expires 1918
James C. Duffield, London, Ontario Term Expires 1918
Andrew A. Armstrong, Pittsburgh, Pa. . . Term Expires 1919
James W. McMahon, Toledo, Ohio Term Expires 1919
Clifton W. Sears, Wooster, Ohio Term Expires 1919
John H. Maxon, Muncie, Indiana Term Expires 1919
Harry J. Hoover, Cincinnati, Ohio Term Expires 1919
Glenn T. Braden, Tulsa, Oklahoma Term Expires 1919
(439)
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440 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
past presidents.
♦Kerr M. Mitchell 1906-1907
Jesse C. McDowell 1908-1909
William H. McKenzie 1910
John M. Garard 191 1
Alexander B. Macbeth 1912
Martin B. Daly 1913
Ernest L. Brundrett 1914
James T. Lynn 1915
William Y. Cartwright 1916
Joseph F. Guffey 1917
PAST secretaries.
Joseph H. Dunkel 1906-1908
James F. Owens, (Elected for) 1909
PAST annual meetings.
Organization, Kansas City, Mo., Feb'y. 20, Feb'y. 27 and March
20, 1906.
First Kansas City, Mo., June 12 and 13, 1906
Second Joplin, Mo., May 21, 22 and 23, 1907
Third Kansas City, Mo., May 19, 20 and 21, 1908
Fourth Columbus, Ohio, May 18, 19 and 20, 1909
Fifth Oklahoma City, Okla., May 17, 18 and 19, 1910
Sixth Pittsburgh, Pa., May 16, 17 and 18, 191 1
Seventh Kansas City, Mo., May 21, 22 and 23, 1912
Eighth Cleveland, Ohio, May 20, 21 and 22, 19 13
Ninth Saint Louis, Mo., May 19, 20 and 21, 1914
Tenth Cincinnati, Ohio, May 18, 19 and 20, 191 5
Eleventh Pittsburgh, Pa., May 16, 17 and 18, 1916
Twelfth Buffalo, X. Y., May 15, 16 and 17, 1917
WRINKLE DEPARTMENT.
W. Re. Brown, Editor Columbus, Ohio
Alfred J. Diescher, Assistant
Editor Bartlesville, Oklahoma
* Deceased.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 441
COMMITTEES, 1917-1918.
advisory.
William Y. Cartwright,
Chairman . . .' Cincinnati, Ohio
Jesse C. McDowell Pittsbui^gh, Pennsylvania
William H. McKenzie Kansas City, Kansas
John M. Garard Columbus, Ohio
Alexander B. Macbeth Los Angeles, California
Martin B. Daly Qeveland, Ohio
Ernest L. Brundrett Kansas City, Missouri
James T. Lynn Detroit, Michigan
uniform accounting.
H. C. Reeser, Chairman Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
V. A. Hays Independence, Kansas
H. V. Shulters Qeveland, Ohio
R. H. Bartlett Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
W. R. Hadley Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
C. W. Downing Cleveland, Ohio
G. W. Ratcliffe Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
W. J. Judge New York, New York
J. B. Tonkin Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
C. S. Mitchell Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
T. F. Wickham Cincinnati, Ohio
G. C. Scott Columbus, Ohio
L. A. Seyffert Charleston, West Virginia
conservation.
Alfred J. Diescher, Ch<nr-
man Bartlesville, Oklahoma
Israel C. White Morgantown, West Virginia
Ernest L. Brundrett Kansas City, Missouri
William T. Griswold Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Forrest M. Towl New York, New York
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442 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
NEW MEMBERS.
Maurice W. Walsh, Chairman. Louisville, Kentucky
John R. Munce Little Rock, Arkansas
Frank P. Fisher. BartlesviUe, Oklahoma
George S. Shinnock Columbus, Ohio
Ralph W. Hay Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
sub-committee on national defense.
Joseph F. Guffey, Chairman. . Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
John G. Pew, Vice Chairman. . Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
George W. Crawford Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Glenn T. Braden Tulsa, Oklahoma
Jesse C. McDowell Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
William Y. Cartwright Cincinnati, Ohio
finance.
Kay C. Krick, Chairman Columbus, Ohio
Andrew A. Armstrong Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
John H. Maxon Muncie, Indiana
constitution and by-laws.
Kay C. Krick, Chairman Columbus, Ohio
Harry J. Hoover Cincinnati, Ohio
Leslie B. Denning Columbus, Ohio
JOINT national committee ON ELECTROLYSIS.
Forrest M. Towl, Chairman New York, New York
B. C. Oliphant Buffalo, New York
S. S. Wyer Columbus, Ohio
COMMITTEE OF AWARDS FOR WRINKLE DEPARTMENT.
F. W. Stone, Chairman Ashtabula, Ohio
A. P. Davis Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
W. J. Broder Columbus, Ohio
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 443
UNITED STATES BUREAU OF STANDARDS, GAS SAFETY CODE
CONFERENCE.
Samuel S. Wyer, Representa-
tive Columbus, Ohio
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DIRECTORY OF MEMBERSHIP
(The date with each name is that of election to membership.)
HONORARY MEMBERS.
Bailey, Edgar Henry Summerfleld May 19, 1908
Professor of Chemistry, Unlyersity of Kansas, 1101 Ohio Street,
Lawrence, Kansas.
Bownocker, John Adame May 18, 1909
State Geologist of Ohio, Ohio State University, 186 Fifteenth
Avenne, Columbus, Ohio.
QoMid, Charles Newton May 17, 1910
Geological Etngineer, 1218-19 Colcord Building, Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma.
Harmon, Judson May 18, 1909
Lawyer, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Haworth, Erasmus May 21, 1907
Professor of Geology and Mining, Unlyersity of Kansas, Law-
rence, Kansas.
Sears, Clifton W February 27, 1906
Vice President and General Manager, Central Ohio Gas ft Elec-
tric ComiMmy, Wooster, Ohio.
Sweetman, Michael M February 27, 1906
Secretary, New York Oil ft Gas Company, 316 American Bank
Building, Kansas City, Missouri.
White, ieraei C May 16, 1911
State Geologist of West Virginia, 141 WiUey Street, Morgan-
town, West Virginia.
ACTIVE MEMBERS.
Ahbe, Walter, Jr May 16, 1916
Chief Engineer, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, 424 Sixth
ATonue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Abbott, Dl E May 18, 1915
Director, Huntington Deyelopment and Gas Company, 928 Third
Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia.
Abbott, E. D May 18, 1909
Superintendent, The Springfield Gas Company, 221 North Foun-
tain Avenue, Springfield, Ohio.
Abeli, H. 0 May 21. 1912
SDgineer, American Light ft Ttaction Company, 120 Broadway,
New York, New York.
Adams, C. H May 15, 1917
Field Foreman, United Natural Gas Company, Kane, R. F. D.
No. 2, Pmnsylvania.
(445)
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446 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Adamtp Larmour May 21, 1912
Metric Metal Works, Tentb and Payne Avenues, BMe, Penn-
sylvania.
Adamtp W. H May 16, 1916
Agent, Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Ck>mi»any, Ashland, Ohio.
Adamtp William M May 16, 1916
Agent, Cltlsens Gas ft Blectrlc Ck>mpany, 102 Bast Main Street,
Elsrrla, Ohio.
Adolf, Peter P May 16, 1917
Agent, Lancaster, New York, Iroquois Natural Gas Company,
Lancaster, New York.
Aggers, E. W May 15, 1917
Contractor, F. A. Aggers ft Son, 145 Fraley Street, Kane,
Pennsylvania.
Albert/, P. A May 16, 1917
Assistant Superintendent, The Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Com-
pany, 34 Ruggery Building, Columbus, Ohio.
Alden, John Douglas May 21, 1912
Assistant Superintendent, United Gas Improvement Company,
83 Center Street, Waterbury, ConnecUcut
Alexander, W. F May 18, 1916
Natural Gas Insurance, Clarksburg, West Virginia.
Allen, J. Foster May 18, 1909
District Foreman, Sindair-Cudahy Pipe Line Company, P. O.
Box 398, Drumrlght, Oklahoma.
Allen, 8. 8., Jr May 21, 1907
Assistant Secretary, Columbus Gas ft Fuel Company, 136 North
Front Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Altlier, R. Q May 19, 1914
Vice President, United Fuel Gas Company, 1422 Kanawha
Street, Charleston, West Virginia.
Amey, L. C May 19. 1914
Chief Ekiglneer, Manufacturers Gas Qompany, Kane, Penn-
sylvania.
Anderson, E. J May 16, 1917
Superintendent, Texas Gas Company, Mezla, Texas.
Anderson, J. F May 16, 1916
Field Foreman, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, R. D. No.
1, Mayport, Pennsylvania.
Anderson, J. W May 18, 1916
Agent, United Fuel Gas Company, Ventura Hotel, Ashland,
Kentucky.
Angle, J. E May 16, 1911
Superintendent, Fayette County Gas Company, 302 South Pitts-
burgh Street, Connellsvllle, Pennsylvania.
Apple, C. B May 16, 1917
12518 Clifton Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio.
Ardizzone, Joseph May 21, 1912
President, The Ardizzone Company, 607-608 Bliss Building,
Tulsa, Oklahoma.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 447
Armttead, Daniel M May 21, 1912
Stegineer, Sales Department, IngeraoU-Rand ComiMiny, Faimera
Bank Building, Plttaburgh, PennsylTania.
Armetrong, Andrew A May 18, 1909
Aasistant G^ieral Manager, Union Natural Gas Corporation,
1616 Union Bank Building, Pittsburgti, Pennaylyania.
Armetrong, Thomas May 15, 1917
Inspeotor, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 683 West Avenue^
Buffalo, New York.
Arnold, W. H May 18, 1915
Repreeentatiye, Pittsburgh Valye, Foundry and Construction
Company, 1817 Tonapah Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Arras, Walter H May 16, 1916
Chief Clerk, Purchasing Department, Philadelphia Company,
436 Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Ashley, Walter A May 16, 1916
Local Saperintendent, Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Company,
Chillicothe, Ohio.
Ashton, H. T May 18, 1916
Assistant ESngineer, Ohio Cities Gas Company, 135 North Front
Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Atkins, i. H May 16, 1916
District Manager, Union Gas ft Electric Company, Fourth and
Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Ayer, J. W May 19, 1914
Sales Manager, Reznor Manufacturing Company, Reznor Street,
Mercer, Pennsylvania.
Baehr, William Alfred May 21, 1912
Consulting Engineer, 122 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago,
minois.
Bagley, W. H May 18, 1915
Agent, Osage ft Oklahoma Company, Pioneer Building, Tulsa,
Oklahoma.
Bahan, J. P May 16, 1917
Clerk, The Texas Company, Natural Gas Department, 1708
Fairfield Avenue, Shreveport, Louisiana.
Baker, A. Q May 16, 1916
Superintendent, Tri-County Natural Gas Company, Caledonia,
New York.
Baker, C. M May 18, 1916
Chief E2ngineer, Petrolia Compressing Station, Lone Star Gas
Company, Petrolia, Texas.
Baker, W. N May 16, 1916
Foreman, Hope Natural Gas Company, R. F. D.. Miletus, West
Virginia.
Baldwin, O. M May 16. 1917
F6reman, Eltst Ohio Gas Company, 436 East Main Street, Kent,
Ohio.
Ballard, A. M May 19, 1914
C(niBtructing Engineer, Wayland Oil and Gas Company,
Charleston, West Virginia.
Ballard Charies R May 18, 1909
Manufacturer, Ballard Patent Suction and Discharge Valves,
Midway, Pennsylvania.
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448 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
kllard, H. O May 1», 1914
Superintendent of Production, Wichita Natural Gas Company,
606 Bast Third Street, BarUesTiUe, Oklahoma.
Bane, K. H May 18, 1915
Reserve Gas Cknapany, Lock Box 123, Wilsonburg, West
Virginia.
Barger, Louis F May 20, 1913
G^ieral Superintendent, Peoples Natural Gas Company, 424
Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Barnes, George W June 12, 1906
Bfagineer, William Penn Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Barnes, R. B May 16, 1911
District Superintendent, United Natural Gas Company, Mill
Street, BrookviUe, Pennsylvania.
Barnsdall, T. N., 2nd May 19. 1914
Treasurer, The Highland Gas Company, 7 Chambers Street,
Bradford, Pennsylvania.
Barr, James H May 18, 1916
President, The National SSupply Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl-
vania, and Toledo, Ohio.
Barrett, M. F May 19, 1914
President, The Cleveland Brass Manufacturing Company,
4606-26 Hamilton Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.
Barrett, William E May 21, 1912
Gas Engineer, J. G. White ft Company, Inc., 43-49 Exchange
Place, New York, New York.
Barrows, Oeorge 8 May 16, 1916
Manager Gkts Heating Department, General Fire Extinguisher
Company, 275 West Exchange Street, Providence, Rhode
Island.
Barrows, L. E May 18, 191B
Ekiglneer, The Texas Company Natural Gas Department, Fort
Worth, Texas.
BMtry, James May 16, 1916
Foreman, Arkansas Natural Gas Company, Prescott, Artcansas.
Bartiett, E. O May 16. 1911
Secretary-Treasurer, Moncton Tramways, Electricity ft Gas
Company, Limited, 1013 Farmers' Bank Building, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
Bartiettp John C May 16, 1916
Secretary and Tt^asurer, Oklahoma Natural Gas Company,
Caney River Gas Company, ESnid NIatural Gaa Company,
Assistant Secretary and Assistant Treasurer, Osage St
Oklahoma Company, 1402 Union Bank Building, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.
BaHiett, R. H May 16, 1911
Assistant to the President, Oklahoma Natural Gas Company,
1402 Union Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylyania.
Bartley, E. L May 18, 1909
General Superintendent, American Natural Gas Company, Park
Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylyania.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 449
Bartloy, W. A May 16, 1916
Distiict SQperixit0nd«iit, American Natural Gas GomiMm7» In-
diana, Pennsylvania.
Bartow, A. T May 18, 1915
Distribution Engineer, Central Indiana Gas Company, Muncie,
Indiana.
Baas, W. H May 16, 1917
Foreman, Alden-Batavla Natural Gas Company, Alden, New
York.
Batchelor, G. F May 19, 1914
President, The Natural Gas Company of West Vii^nia, 323
Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Battin, Henry 8 May 21, 1912
Assistant General Superintendent, United Gas Improvement
Company, Broad and Arch Streets, Philadelphia^ Penn-
sylvania.
Bay, B. R May 16, 1917
Chief Engineer, The Medina Gas ft Fuel Company, 139 Dickson
Avenue, Mansfield, Ohio.
Baxter, John May 21, 1912
Superintendent, Tube Department, Republic Iron and Steel
Company. Toungstown, Ohio.
Bauer, C. J May 18, 1916
Purchasing Agent, Union Gas ft EBectric Company, Fourth and
Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Beach, Ralph A May 16, 1916
Assistant to Superintendent, T. W. Phillips Gas ft Oil Company,
120 Bast Cunningham Street, Butler, Pennsylvania.
Beardaley, R. D May 16, 1916
Assistant Treasurer, Hope Natural Gas Company, 424 Sixth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Beaty, Elmer May 16, 1916
Acting Superintendent, Manuftu^turers Gas Company, Bradford,
Pennsylvania.
Bedford, A. C May 16, 1916
Vice President, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, of Pitta-
burgh, President, Standard Oil C6mpany of New Jersey,
26 Broadway, New York, New York.
Bell, Charies D May 21, 1907
Superintendent, Kansas Natural Gas Company, 113 Miners
Bank Building, Joplln, Missouri.
Banner, Qeorge K May 16, 1916
President, Benner Drilling Tool Company, 6431-6433 Prain Ave-
nue, East End, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Benninger, N. H May 16, 1917
Superintendent, United Natural Gas Company, Station R, South
Oil City, Pennsylvania.
Benninger, R. E May 16, 1917
Chief Engineer, United Natural Gas Company, Hallton, Penn-
sylvania.
B, C- O May 16, 1917
Foremian, United Natural Gas C6mpany, Mabel Street, Rey-
noldsviUe, Pennsylvania.
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450 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
BorwBld^ P. M May 18, 1915
General Manager, The City of Bradford Gas A Power Corpo-
ration, Bradford, Pennsylvania.
Berry, B. N May 15, 1917
Contractor, Dominion Natural Gas Comx»any, Caledonia, On-
tario, Omada.
Bevarit R. L May 18, 1915
Second Assistant Treasurer, Calgary Gaa Company, Limited.
216 Sixth Avenue, West, Calgary, Albrnta, Canada.
BIddlson, P. McDonald May 21, 1907
Construction Engineer, Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 62 West
Gay Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Bleler, O May 16, 1917
Salesman, Westlnghouse Electric A Manufacturing Company,
1808 Union Bank Building, Pittsburgh, PennsylTanla.
BIgelow, Lucius 8 May 21, 1907
President, The Periodicals Publishing Company, Uttell Build-
ing, 68 West Huron Street, Buffalo, New York.
BIglerp G, K May 20, 1913
City Plant Foreman, United Natural Gas Company, Franklin,
Pennsylvania.
Bllllngsley, J. E May 16, 1916
Assistant Geologist, Philadelphia Company, 436 Sixth Avenue,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Bishop, H. W., Jr May 18, 1909
Representative, La Belle Iron Works, Steubenville, Ohio.
Black, Tom M May 16, 1916
Assistant Secretary, T. W. Phillips Gas and Oil Company, But-
ler, Pennsylvania.
Blaokall, T. P May 16, 1917
Regulator Inspector, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 1398 Mich-
igan Avenue, Buffalo, New York.
Blake, B. F May 16, 1917
Chief Engineer, Tfeat Compressing Station, The Ohio Fuel
Supply Company, Homer, Ohio.
Blauvelt, Warren 8 May 16, 1917
Consulting EZnglneer, Steere Ehigineering Company, Woodward
and Horton Avenues, Detroit, Michigan.
Blewett, John T May 16, 1917
General Inspector, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 76 Gold
Street, Buffalo, New York.
Bllnn, Arthur M May 20, 1913
Agent, Pennsylvania Gas Company, 1126-1128 Pearl Street, Brie,
Pennsylvania.
Blumi William May 16, 19K
Superintendent, Sugar Grove Field, Logan Natural Gas & Fuel
Company, Lancaster, Ohio.
Bodfne, 8anrMjel Taylor May 17, 1910
President, The United Gas Improvement Company, Broad and
Arch Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Boocke, C. W May 16, 191$
District Foreman, Hope Natural Gas Company, Hastings, West
Virginia.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 451
Booth, Arthur May 17, 1910
Vice PresidMLt, Burson Supply Gompany, 242-244 First Avenue,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylyaala.
Booth, George P May 19, 1908
General Superintendent, S. R. Dresser Manufacturing Com-
pany, Bradford, F^meylTania.
Booth, W. F May 20, 1913
Manager, Little Rock Gas ft Fuel Company, 624 Louisiana
Street, Uttle Rock, Arkansas.
Boothe, R. E May 16, 1911
President, R. B. Boothe Cordage Company, 260i Granyille SItreet,
Newaik, Ohio.
Borchard, C. E May 16, 1917
Accountant, Dominion Natural Gae Company, Limited, 842 Ma-
rine National Bank Building, Buffalo, New York.
Bormann, Clarence B May 16, 1916
Shiglneer, Cttmegie Natural Gaa Company, Farmington, West
T^rginia.
Bower, J. D May 15, 1917
Manager, Central Pipe Line Company, Reymer, Ontario, Canada.
BovMman, S. W May 18, 1916
Oil and Gas Producer, Clarksburg, West Virginia.
Boyd, A. E May 20, 1918
Superintendent, Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 141 Bast Fourth
Street, Ashland, Ohio.
Boyd, G. S May 18, 1916
Chief Bhgineer, Mo<Nringsport Refining Company, Moorln^iport,
Louisiana.
Boyd, Hugh T May 15, 1917
Chemist, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, Homer, Obio.
Boyle, E. R May 15, 1917
Manager, Oil CKy Derrick, 7 Center Street, Oil City, Pennsyl-
vania.
Boyle, Patrick C May 20. 1918
Preeident, The DMTlck Publiehing Company, 7 Center Street,
Oil City, PemisylTanla.
Braden, Eugene C May 16, 1916
Contractor, Ardiszone Braden Company, 607 Bliss Building,
Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Braden, Glenn T May 17, 1910
President, Oklahoma Natural Gae Company, 214 Pioneer Build-
ing, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Bra^n, H. W May 18, 1916
Purchasing Agent, Dominion Natural Gas Company, 807 Bank
<^ Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
BradTord, Floyd J May 19, 1914
l^ce Prsident, Parkersburg Rig and Reel Company, P. O. Box
974, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Bradley, Harry May 20, 1918
President, Bmpire Gas ft Fuel Company, Limited, 78 North
Main Street, WellsTlllle, New York.
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452 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Brm4\9y, J. B May 18, 1915
Secretary and Treasurer, Homell Gas Light Company, 96 Main
Street, Homell, New Tork.
Brady, M. A May 16, 1917
FV)reman, Tri-Oounty Natural Oaa Company, Caledonia, New
York.
Bragdon, H. K May 16. 1917
Secretary to General Manager, PhlladelpUa Company, 436 Sixth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, PoinsylTania.
Brandel, 8. F May 16, 1917
Foreman, Peoples Natural Ckui Company, Qardenville, New
York.
Braun, C. J., Jr May 16, 1911
Treasurer, Philadelphia Company, 436 Sixth ATenue, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
Brawley, Hugh P May 18, 1908
Claim Agent, 361 Walnut Street, Meadville, Pennsylvania.
Brazier, John B May 18, 1916
Vice President and General Manager, Powhatan Brass A Iron
Works, North Mildred Street and Belt Line Avenue, Han-
son, JeflenKm County, West Virginia.
Brenner, H, H May 21. 1912
President, Pawhuska Oil and Gas Company, Pawhuska,
Oklahoma.
Brennan, H. W May 16, 1917
Foreman, The Texas Company, Moran, Texas.
Brewster, Henry May 16, 1916
Foreman, Hope Natural Gas Company, Weston, West Virginia.
Bridges, J. M May 20, 1913
Agent, United Natural Gas Company, Liberty Street, Franklin,
Pennsylvania.
Brlnham, A. L May 16, 1917
Clerk, Union Natural Gas Corporation, 1929 F\>rbes Street,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Brink, George R May 18. 1909
Assistant Secretary-Treasurer, Union Natural Gas Corporation,
Union Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Brink, R. W May 16, 1916
General Auditor, Hope Natural Gas Company, 26 Broadway,
New York, New York.
Broder, William J May 18, 1909
Vice President and General Manager, The Logan Natural Gas
& Fuel Company. 34 Ruggery Building, Columbus, Ohio.
Brooks, R. A May 16, 1917
Secretary and Treasurer, The Medina Gas A Fuel Company,
Wooster, Ohio.
Brown, Cameron May 16, 1916
Campaign Manager, General Gas Light Company, 44 West
Broadway, New York, New York.
Brown, D. J May 18, 1919
Treasurer, Oil Well Supply Company, 213 Water Street, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 453
Brown, E. R May 16, 1911
General Manager, Lone Star Gas Ck>mpany, Ck>r8icana, Texas.
Brown, Louis May 19, 1914
President, (Ml Well Supply Company, 215 Water Street, PltU-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
Brown, L. E. H May 15, 1917
Fi^d Superintendent, Potter Gas Company, Roulette, Pennsyl-
vania.
Brown, L. H May 15, 1917
Assistant E:ngineer, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 102 Eight-
eenth Street, Buffalo, New York.
Brown, William Laird May 16, 1916
Representative, Helm ft Mcllhenny, 1339 Cherry Street, Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania.
Brown W. R May 18, 1915
New Business Manager, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 97
North Front Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Bruce, W. W May 21, 1912
Superintendent, Oklahoma Fuel Supply Company, P. O. Box
"L," Chandler, Oklahoma.
Bruckner, O. L May 15, 1917
Agent, Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Company, 11 West Walnut,
Westerville, Ohio.
Brunner, E May 15, 1917
Engineer, Hope Ekigineering ft Supply Company, Mt. Vernon,
Ohio.
Brundrett, Ernest L May 21, 1907
President, Kansas City Gas Company, 910 Grand Avenue, Kan-
sas City, Missouri.
Bryant, C. L May 18, 1915
President, The Bryant Heater ft Manufacturing Company, 952
East Seventy-second Street, Cleveland, Ohio.
Buchanan, James I May 16, 1916
President, Taylorstown Natural Gas Company, Terminal Office
Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Buckley, W. H May 18. 1915
First Engineer, Rogers Compressing Station, Arkansas Natural
Gas Company, Lewis, Louisiana.
Bulger, J. F May 16, 1916
Shop Foreman, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, Turtle
Creek, Pennsylvania.
Bullock, Charles L February 27, 1906
Superintendent Distribution Ebipire Gas ft Fuel Company,
Bartlesville, Oklahoma.
Bullock, George May 15, 1917
Foreman, Southern Ontario Gas Company, Limited, Rodney,
Ontario, Canada.
Burford, Ini 8 May 16, 1916
Aiigent, United Fuel Gas Company, Inc., 114 North Third Street,
fronton, Ohio.
Burkhalter, R. J May 20, 1913
Assistant Secretary and Treasurer, The Northwestern Ohio
Natural Gas Company, 210-213 Huron Street, Tbledo, Ohio.
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Google
464 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Burnett, Jorom« B Maj 16» 1917
Chief Oklahoma DiTlsion, ESmpire Oas & Fuel Gomiiany,
BartlesTllle, Oklahoma.
Bums, E. Q May 18. 1916
Land Agent, Columbia Gcm & Blectric Company, 1668 Sixth
Avenue, Huntington, West "^rginia.
Bums, T. B May 16, 1916
Shop Foreman, Hope Natural Gas Company, 1212 Julianna
Street, Parkersburg, West Virginia.
Bumslde, 8. E. W May 16, 1916
Attorney, Hope Natural Gas Company, 424 Sixth Avenue, Pitta-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
Burr, R. B May 20, 1913
Industrial Engineer, The Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Company,
34 Ruggery Building, Columbus, Ohio.
Burrell, Qeorge A May 20, 1913
Consulting Chemical Engineer, Benedum-Trees Building, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
Burress, George H May 16, 1917
Geologist, Empire Gas ft Fuel Company, Bartleaville» Oklahoma.
Burrltt, D. F May 18, 1915
General Superintendent, National Gas, Electric Light ft Power
Company, 1714 Ford Building, Detroit, Michigan.
Burson, H. W May 16, 1916
President, Colonial Supply Company, 414 First Avenue, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
Burtner, James C May 16, 1916
Superintendent, Drilling Department, Medina Gas ft Fuel Com
pany, Bast Liberty Street, Wooster, Wajme County, Ohio.
Butler, C. L May 15, 1917
Accountant, Dominion Natural Gas Company, Limited, 842 Ma-
rine National Bank Building, Buffalo, New York.
Cabot, Godfrey L May 19, 1914
Proprietor, Plant at Cabot, Pennsylvania, 940 Old South Build-
ing, Boston, Massachusetts.
Cain, W. J May 15. 1917
Division Foreman, East Ohio Gas Company, Cuyahoga Flails,
Ohio.
Calianan, J. T May 18, 1915
President and Treasurer, Parkersburg Machine Company, Ju-
liana Street, Parkersburg, West Virginia.
Caffrey, Qeorge H May 19, 1914
Manager, Abilene Gas ft Electric Company, 126 Cypress Street,
Abilene, Texas.
Campbell, Gordon M May 15, 1917
Commercial Department, Unicm Light, Heat ft Power Company,
Third Street and Court Avenue, Covington, Kentucky.
Campbell, J. P May 16, 1916
Foreman, Hope Natural Gas Company, Littleton, West Virginia.
Campbell, J. T May 16. 1916
Agent, The Manufacturers Light ft Heat Company, New Castle,
Pennsylvania.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 466
Campbell, M. L May 16, 1916
Plttsbnrgli and West Virginia Company, Salem, Weat Virginia.
Cantrell, C. C May 17, 1910
Vice President and Bfonager, Central Lls^t & Fuel Company,
21 Bast Hobson Avenue, Sapulpa, Oklaboma.
Cappeau, J. P^ Jr May 16, 1911
Secretary and Treasurer, The Natural Gas Bnglne«ring Com-
pany, 801 Machesney Building, 223 Fourth Avenue, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
Carey, Qail May 21, 1912
Secretary, The Oamett Light ft Fu^ Company, 319 Oak Street,
Ckimett, Kansas.
Carey, W. C May 16. 1917
Foreman Meter Repairs, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 37 Ada
Place, Buffalo, New York.
Carl, L. F May 16, 1917
Agent, The Newark Natural Gas A Fuel Company, 58 West
Main Street, Newark, Ohio.
Carmody, M. B May 18, 1909
Field Manager, South Western Gas ft BUectric Company, 1764
Irving Place, Shreveport, Louisiana.
Carpenter, Everett May 19, 1914
Chief (Geologist, Continental Oil ft G€Ui Company, Bartlesville,
Oklahoma.
Carpenter, George R May 16, 1916
Superintendent, United Fuel Gas Company, 1207 Blmwood Ave-
nue, Charleston, West Virginia.
Carson, W. B May 16, 1911
Secretary, Philadelphia Company, 436 Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.
Carter, C. E May 18. 1915
President, Mansfield Gas Light Company, 8 South Park Street,
Mansfield, Ohio.
Carter, Clarence E May 18, 1916
Salesman, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 97 North Front
Street, COlumbus, Ohio.
Carter, David J May 18, 1916
Attorney at Law, Carter and Sheets, 419-421 Goff Building,
Clarksburg, West Virginia.
Carter, O. M. May 16, 1916
President, United Gas Iron Company, 528 Peoples Gas Building,
Chicago, Illinois.
Cartwright, T. R May 16, 1916
Superintendent, United Fuel Gas Company, Clendmin, West
Virginia.
Cartwright, William Y May 21, 1912
Vice President, Union Gas ft Electric Company, Fourth and
Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Caaael, Howard N May 20, 1913
Secretary-Treasurer and General Manager, Leflore County Gas
ft Blectric Company, Poteau, Oklahoma.
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456 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
CaM, L. L May 15, 1917
Local Agent, Ontario Gas Company, Holcomb, New York.
Casto, A. T. May 16, 1016
SuperlntendMLt, Randall Gas Company, 190 Chancery Row,
Morgantown, West Virginia.
Cavenau, Charlea May 16, 1916
Foreman Reserve Gas Company, Wilsonburg, West Virginia.
Cavenagh, Frank May 17, 1910
General Sales Agent, Pacific Meter Company, 732 Title Insui^
ance Building, Los Angeles, California.
Chambers, Fred N ......... .May 15, 1917
Oil Producer, Chambers Oil Company, 214 Chambers Building,
Oil City, PenDBylvania.
Chandler, L. F May 18, 1916
Superintendent, Santa< Maria Gas ft Power Company, 203 West
Main Street, Santa Maria, California.
Chapiin, Wifliam C May 17, 1910
Treasurer, The Chaplin-Fulton Mfg. Company, 34 Penn Avenue,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Chapman, W. B May 16, 1916
Oil Producer, 74 Vandergrift Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl-
vania.
Church, H. H ....May 19, 1914
President and General Manager, The iUUbuck A Millersburg
Oil & Gas Company, Millersburg, Ohio.
Clagett, E. F ..May 18, 1915
Engineer, The Columbus Gas & Fuel Company, 135 North Front
Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Clapp, a N May 18. 1909
Secretary-Treasurer and General Manager, Washington Gas &
Electric Company, Washington C. H., Ohio.
Clark, C. L May 15, 1917
Foreman, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 95 Mechanic Street,
Bradford, Pennsylvania.
Clark, Earl A May 16, 1911
Proportional and Domestic Service, Meter Testing, 217 A. W.
5th, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Clark, Jamea ... .May 19, 1914
Division Superintendent, Philadelphia Company, 17th and
Wharton Streets, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Clark, J. 8 May 19, 1914
Manager, Okmulgee Gas Company, 319 West Sixth Street, Ok-
mulgee, Oklahoma.
Clark, Robert E May 16, 1916
Assistant Land Agent, Philadelphia Company, 435 Sixth Ave-
nue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Clark, Walton May 21, 1907
Second Vice-President, United Gas Improvement Company,
Broad and Arch Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Clarkaon, R. J May 19, 1914
Division Superintendent, Philadelphia Company of West Vir-
ginia, Littleton, West Virginia.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 457
Cla<W8on, W. B May 15, 1917
Superintendent, Warren ft Chant Gas Company, 309 Poplar
Street, Warren, Pennsylvania.
Cleary, J. D May 15, 1917
A^ent, Angola, New York. Iroquois Natural Gas Company,
Angola, New York.
Clifford, Thomas C May 16, 1911
Sales Manager, Pittsburgh Meter Company, Bast Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.
Cllne, Walter B .May 21, 1912
President, Los Angeles Gas ft Electric Corpoiutlon, 645 South
Hill Street, Los Angeles, California.
Clover, J. N May 15, 1917
President, The Iron Mountain Oil Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Clover, M. K .May 18, 1915
Manager, Berea Pipeline Company, 9 Front Street, Berea, Ohio.
Clover, 8. C May 15, 1917
Oil and Gas Department, The Iron Mountain Oil Company,
Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Cluley, C. F. May 20, 1913
Agent, The East Ohio Gas Company, Millersburg, Ohio.
Cochran, Horace J May 18, 1915
President and Manager, Maysville Gas Company, MaysviUe,
Kentucky.
Cohn, Charles M May 21, 1912
Vice President, Cons. Gas EHectrlc Light ft Power Company, of
Baltimore, 100 West Lexington Street, Baltimore, Mary-
land.
Cole, E. J May 16, 1911
Purchasing Agent and Auditor, Arkansas Natural Gas Com-
pany, State Bank Building, Little Rock, Arkansas.
Cole, W. Q May 16, 1911
Division Superintendent, H)quitable Gas Company, 435 Sixth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Coleman, L. Q May 19, 1914
Ehigineer, Henry L. Doherty ft Company, 60 Wall Street, New
York, New York.
Colllna, Frank May 18, 1915
Vice President, National Supply Company, President, Toledo
Pipe Threading Machine Company, Toledo, Ohio.
Connelly, J. 8 June 12, 1906
President, Port Arthur Gas ft Power Company, Port Arthur,
Texas.
Connors, Eugene F May 15, 1917
President, Gufley Gasoline Company, Bradford, Pennsylvania.
Connors, J. P. ....May 16, 1917
Cashier, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 1106 Main Street, Buf-
falo, New York.
Cookham, P. J May 15, 1917
Superintendent, Berea Pipe Line Company, 88 Furnace Street,
Berea, Ohio.
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Google
458 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Coop«r, H. C May 10, 1913
General Sup^ntendent, Hope Natural Gas Company, Clarka-
burg, West Virginia.
Corbett, M. A May 17, IMO
Secretary, Ck>rbett-SteyenB Company, Huntington Bank Build-
ing, Ccrfumbus, Ohio.
Corbus, C. D .May JO, 1913
Manager, Welsbacb Company, 429 Main Street, Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Corcoran, W. F May 21. 1907
Contractor, James O. Corcoran Company, 416 House Building,
Pittsburgh, PennsylTsnia.
Cork, D. W May 18, 1916
Oil and Gas Producer, Clarksburg, West Virginia.
Corrin, John B May 20, 1918
Vice President, The Hope Natural Gas Company, 424 Sixth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, PennsylTania.
Cosan, Frank May 15, 1917
Land Department Clerk, Dominion Natural Gas Company, 842
Marine Bank Building, Buffalo, New York.
Costs, Dillon May 20, 1913
Secretary, The Canadian Western Natural Gas, Light, Heat &
Power Company, Limited, 216 Seventh Avenue, East, Cal-
gary, Alberta, Canada.
CosU, D. A May 15, 1917
Treasurer, Provincial Natural Gas Company, Niagara FUls,
Ontario, Canada.
Costs, Eugene May 20, 1913
President, The Canadian Western Natural Gas, Light, Heat &
Power Company, Limited, 128 Seventh Avenue, Bast, Cal-
gary, Alberta, Canada.
Covsy, A. F May 18, 1916
Superintendent, Dominion Natural Gas Company, 807 Bank of
Hamilton Building, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Courtney, D. H May 18, 1915
President, Randall Gas Company, 179 High, Morgantown, West
Virginia.
Cowham, H. I May 21, 1912
Manager Land Department, Kasigan Oil, Gas & Power Com-
pany, 116} ESast Main Street, Independence, Kansas.
Cox, Frank May 18, 1916
Secretary, Navajo Gas Company, Charleston, West Virginia.
Coyle, Henry May 18, 1909
Superintendent, Mains and Field, Logan Natural Gas A Fuel
Company, 34 Ruggery Building, Columbus, Ohio.
Craft, Charles May 16, 1911
Chief Engineer, East Ohio Gas Company, West Park, Ohio.
Crahan, B. J ........May 17, 1910
Superintendent, Joplin Gas Company, 318 Joplin Street, Joplin,
Missouri.
Craig, Albert B May 16, 1916
Geologist, Greensboro Gas Company, 248 Fourth Avenue, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 459
Craig, W. P May 30, 1913
General Superintendent, United Natural Gas Company, 308 Sen-
eca Street, (Ml City, Pennsylvania.
Cratty, James M .May 16, 1917
Foreman Meter Department, Pennsylvania Gas Company,
Jamestown, New York.
Crawford, A. A ....May 16, 1916
General Superintendent, Manutacturers Gas Company, 87 Oomr
gross Street, Bradford, Pennsylvania.
Crawford, C. E May 16, 1911
Director, Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 2017 Farmers Bank Build-
ing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Crawford, C. J. May 16, 1916
1028 Liberty Street, Franklin, Pennsylvania.
Crawford, David B .May 16, 1911
General Manager, Parkersburg Rig and Reel Company, 450
Second Street, Parkersburg, West Virginia.
Crawford, F. H . . . .May 16, 1911
Chief E}nglneer, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 52 West Gay
Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Crawford, Frederick W May 18, 1909
President, United Fuel Gas Company, 52 West Gay Street,
Columbus, Ohio.
Crawford, George W May 17, 1910
President, Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 2017 Farmers Bank
Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Crawford, James B May 16, 1911
President, United Natural Gas Company, 308 Seneca Street, OH
City, Pennsylvania.
Crawford, John M ; May 16, 1911
President, Parkersburg Rig & Reel Company, Box 624, Parkers-
burg, West Virginia.
Crawford, J. W. R May 16, 1911
61 Broadway, New York, New York.
Crawford, R. A May 20, 1913
Vice President and Manager, Oblong Gas Company, West Main
Street, Palestine, Illinois.
Crawford, Ronald B ...... May 20, 1913
Superintendent, United Natural Gas Company, 116 Bissell Ave-
nue, Oil City, Pennsylvania.
Craveling, J. D May 15. 1917
Consulting Engineer, Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Company, 34
Ruggery Building, Columbus, Ohio.
Critchfleld, C, F May 16. 1916
Special Inspector, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 52 West
Gay Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Cronin, John M May 18, 1915
Assistant Superintendent. Columbia Gas ft Electric Company,
Fourth and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Crosby, G. A May 16, 1916
Surveyor, Land Department, Potter Gas Company, 1011 Farm-
era Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Google
460 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
CroM, F. A May 20, 1918
Chief Station Engineer, United Natural Gas Ck>miMuiy, Ten BCile
Bottom, PennaylTaala.
Croaa, Raymond May 1«, 1911
T^ce President and General Manager, United Natural Gas
Company, 808 Seneca Street, Oil City, Pennsylvania.
Crossettt John May 1$, 1911
Division Superintendent, Philadelphia Company, Arch Street,
Klttannlng, Pennsylvania.
Crowe, R. R May 19, 1914
Agent, United Natural Gas Company, 76 Main Street, Bradford,
Pennsylvania.
Crowl, P. E ..May 15, 1917
Agent, Potter Gas Company, Galeton, Pennsylvania.
Crum, M. C May 16, 1916
Agent, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, Monessen, Pennsyl-
vania.
Culllnan, M. P May 20, 1913
President, Border Gas Company, 1418 Chihuahua Street, La-
redo, Texas.
Gulp, Harry C May 15, 1917
Salesman, IngersoU Rand Company, Williamson Building, Cleve-
land, Ohio.
Cumlngs, C. E May 19, 1914
President and General Manager, BSast Brady Gas ft Fuel Com-
pany, Bfeist Brady, Pennsylvania.
Cummlngs, Con May 21, 1912
Contractor, 115 North Fourth Street, Independence, Kansas.
Cummlngs, E. A May 15, 1917
Assistant Treasurer, Moncton Tramways, BSectrlcity ft Gaa
Company, Limited, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.
Cunnlnoh«m> J. C May 18, 1909
General Superintendent, West Virginia and Maryland Gaa
Company, 9^ South Centre Street, Cumberland, Maryland.
Cunningham, R. H May 16, 1916
Sales Bngineer, Ingersoll>Rand Company, 1226 Farmers Bank
Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Curry, J. F ..May 16, 1911
Superintendent, Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 52 West Gay
Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Curry, J. P. ...B4ay 20, 1913
Agent, United Natural Gas Company, 16 Vine Street, Sharon,
Pennsylvania.
Curtis, Austin G May 19, 1908
General Manager, Southwestern Gas ft Ellectric Company, 116
Texas Street, Shreveport, Louisiana.
Cusaek, W. M May 20, 1918
lYeasurer, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 46 Church Street,
Buffalo, New York.
Cuahing, J. W .. May 15, 1917
Oil and Gas Producer, SistersviUe, West Virginia.
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Google
TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 461
CiMhIrHb Robert W May 19, 1914
Field Superintendent, Natural Gas Company of Weat Virginia,
Leetonia, Columbiana County, Ohio.
Custer, 2. B May 19, 1908
Vice Prefiident, Custer Coupling Company, 89 Foreman Street,
Radford, PMinsylyania.
Cypher, M. B May 1$, 1916
Contractor and Producer, Marwood, Pennsylvania.
Dailey, Eugene May 15, 1917
Administration Department, Wichita Natural Qas Company,
BartlesTille, Oklahoma.
Dallow, J. C... May 18, 1909
Representative, The National Supply Company, Lancaster,
Ohio.
Dally, A. B. Jr .May 18, 1909
President and Manager, South Hills Oil and Qas Company, 1501
Benedum Trees Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Dally, 0. A. Jr. May 20. 1918
Manager, Reserve Natural Oas Company of Louisiana, P. O. Box
191, Shreveport, Louisiana.
Daly, Martin B May 18, 1909
President and General Manager, The Bast Ohio Qm Company,
East Ohio Gas Building, 1405 Bast Sixth Street, Cleveland,
Ohio.
Daugherty, O. J ....... .May 18. 1915
Superintendent, La Belle Qas & Oil Company, 220 West Street,
Steubenville, Ohio.
Dauler, Harvey N May 15, 1917
President, Petroleum Products Company, 39th Street, and B. A
O. Ry., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Davlea, O. L May 18, 1915
Agent, United Fuel Gas Company, 814 Fourth Avenue, Hunting-
ton, West Virginia.
Davlee, Btuart W May 16, 1916
Cashier, The Calgary Gas Company, Limited, 215 Sixth Avenue,
West Calgary, Allberta, Canada.
Davles, W. B ..May 15, 1917
Foreman, United Gas Companies, Limited, St. Catherines, On-
tario, Canada.
Davlea, William B ....May 16, 1916
Superintendent, The United Gas Companies, Limited, 45 King
Street, St. Catherines, Ontario, Canada.
Davie, A. P ... .May 20, 1913
Commercial Manager, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, 424
Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Davis, Herbert R May 21, 1907
General Superintendent, Dominion Gas Company, Limited, Ma-
rine National Bank Building, Buffalo, New York.
Davis, Merrill N May 16, 1916
Special Representative, The B. F. Goodrich CcHupany, Akron,
Ohio.
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Google
462 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Daw^s, B«man Q. . . . May 17. 1910
President, Columbus Gas ft Fuel Company, 135 North Front
Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Dawes, Henry M May 17, 1910
President, Pulaski Qas Light Company (Little Rock, Arkansas),
1616 Harris Trust Building, Chicago, Illinois.
Deal, E. O. May 16, 1917
The ESast Ohio Gas Company, 714 High Street, 8. W., Canton,
Ohio.
Dean, H. Alexander May 16, 1916
President, EHk Natural Gkis Company, 223 Fourth ATenue, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
Deemer, F. C May 18, 1909
Gas ft Oil Operator, 200 Jefferson Street, BrookTille, Pennsyl-
vania.
DeForest, C. W May 15, 1917
Electrical ESnglneer, Union Gas ft Blectric Company, Fourth
and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Deianey, Joseph P May 20, 1913
City Superintendent, The Union Gas ft Blectric Company,
Fourth and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Denning, Leslie B May 16, 1911
General Counsel, Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 60 Bbst Broad
Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Denton, Dorr T . . .May 16, 1917
Division Superintendent, Iroqu<^s Natural Gas Company, 46
Clarendon, Buffalo, New York.
Deverleks, Filmore C May 16, 1916
Independent Producer, 261 Buena Vista Avenue, Clarksburg,
West Virginia.
DeWItt, D. C .May 16, 1917
Lease Department, Southern Gas Company, Box 767, Corpus
Christi, Texas.
Dibbsns, W. J May 19, 1908
Vice President and General Manager, Guthrie Gas Light, Fuel
ft Improvement Company, 213 Blast Oklahoma Avenue,
Guthrie, Oklahoma.
Dlescher, Alfred J May 18, 1909
Vice President and General Manager, Btnpire Gas ft Fuel Com-
pany, Bmplre Building, BartlesviUe, Oklahoma.
Dietrich, C. R May 16, 1916
Agent, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, Turtle Creek,
Pennsylvania.
Dill, 8. J May 21, 1912
President, Leavenworth, Kansas Light, Heat ft Power Com-
pany, 40 Wall Street, New York, New Yortc
DImIek, W. H May 20, 1913
Agent, The ESast Ohio Gas Company, 202 West High Street,
New Philadelphia, Ohio.
Dlngman, L. R May 16, 1916
District Foreman, Equitable Gas Company, 686 Corey Aventtei
Braddock, Pennsylvania.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 4«8
Dittman, C. E May 17, 1916
Manager, Waynesburg Home Qas Company, Wayneaburg,
Pennaylrania.
DIttman, D. M May 15, 1917
Foreman, Iroquois Natural Qas Company, Hamburg, New York.
Ditto, William A May 16, 1916
Superintendent, Bradford Gcm Company, Roulette, Pennsyl-
vania.
Dixon, Philip May 18, 1909
Superintendent, St. Marys Gas Company, St Marys, Pennsyl-
Tania.
Dodds, Caryl J June 12, 1906
General Manager, Citizens light. Heat and Power Company, 5
East Henry Street, Lawrence, Kansas.
Doherty, Henry L February 27, 1906
President, Cities Senrioe Company, 60 Wall Street, New York,
New York.
Doherty, James A .... .May 20, 1913
Manager, Woodstock Gas Light Company, Woodstock, Ontario,
Canada.
Dolen, R. F May 16, 1916
Foreman, Pittsburgh ft West Virginia Gas Company, 966 West
Pike Street, Clarksburg, West Virginia.
DooMng, F. T May 15, 1917
Machinist, East Ohio Gas Company, 10501 Hathaway Avenue,
Cleveland, Ohio.
Donahue, Q. C May 15, 1917
Pressure Department, East Ohio Gas Company, 9301 Columbia
Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.
Donaldson, F. N .....May 16, 1911
Owner, Donaldson Gas Company, Jewett, Ohio.
Donnelly, William E .. ....May 16, 1916
General Superintendent^ Northeastern Oil ft Gas Company, 17
North Broadway, Geneva, Ohio.
Donovan, B. H May 20, 1913
Foreman, Pennsylvania Gas Company, 1021 French Street, Erie,
Pennsylvania.
Doty, W. J May 16, 1917
Leaser, South Shore Natural Gas ft Fuel Company, Sheridan,
New York.
Doutfherty, F. O ..May 16, 1916
Superintendent Gas Wells, William Harris Company, Wooster,
Wayne County, Ohio.
Douglass, 8llas M May 18, 1909
General Counsel, Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Company, 22(
South Park Street, Mansfield, Ohio.
Douthirt, W. F May 21, 1907
Fourth Vice President, United Gas Improvement Company,
Broad and Arch Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Dowd, Bernard F May 15, 1917
Manager, Peoples Natural Gas Company, 39 Argyle Park, Buf-
falo, New Y<Mrk.
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Google
464 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Downing, C. W May 20, 1913
AsfliBtant Secretary and Treasurer, ESaat Ohio Gas Company,
Bkst Sixth Street, Cleyeland, Ohio.
Doyle, Frederiok F May 19, 1914
Assistant Chief Engineer, Midway Gas Company, Box N, Taft,
California.
Dreher, R. a .May 15, 1917
Accountant, Dominion Natural Gas Company, Limited, 842 Ma-
rine National Bank Building, Buffalo, New York.
Drelbelbie, H. H. .May 21, 1912
DlTlslon Superintendent, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 69
North Fourth Street, Zanesville, Ohio.
Dresser, Carl K May 15, 1917
Secretary and Treasurer, S. K. Dresser Mfg. Company, 64
Boyleston Street, Bradford, Pennsylvania.
Droppleman, W. J May 16, 1916
Foreman, Hope Natural Gas Company, McWhorter, West Vir-
ginia.
Drury, George F May 15,' 1917
Oil Producer, J. W. Leonard Oil Company, North Main Street,
Washington, Pennsylvania.
Duffleld, C. 8 . . .May 16, 1916
Purchasing Agent, United Fuel Gas Company, Quarrler Street,
Charleston, West Virginia.
Duffleld, James C May 20, 1913
Managing Director, London City Gas Company, London, On-
tario, Canada.
Duncan, John May 16, 1911
General Manager of Sales, Wheeling Steel & Iron Company,
Wheeling, West Virginia.
Dunham, Carl Cyrus May 16, 1916
Meter Department, Pittsburgh & West Virginia Gas Company, 3
Center Avenue, Weston, West Virginia.
Dumm, T. A May 15, 1917
Field Superintendent, Potter Gas Company, Port Allegany,
Pennsylvania.
Dusenberry, D. F May 16, 1916
Gas Engineer, West Virginia Traction ft Electric, and City
ft Suburban Gas Company, 298 Wiles Street, Morgantown,
West Virginia.
Eastland, 8. H ...... .May 16, 1916
District Foreman, Philadelphia Company, 23rd and Main
Streets, Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania.
Edwards, William C May 16, 1916
Vice President, Parker & Edwards Oil Company, Union Bank
Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Egan, E. J May 16, 1916
Agent, The Manufacturers light ft Heat Company, MUlbridge
and Manton Streets, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Elliert, Vincent L ...May 19, 1914
General Manager, St Joseph Gas Company, Eighth and Francis
Streets, St. Joseph, Missouri.
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Google
TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 465
Emmerling, Karl May 18, 1915
Chemist, The Blast Ohio Gas Ck>mpany, 3105 Walton Avenue,
Cleveland, Ohio.
Engle, T. W May 19, 1914
Division Superintendent, Pittsburi^ ft West Virginia Qas
Company, 537 West Main Street, Grafton, West Virginia.
Ernst, H. M .May 18, 1915
President, Dempseytown Gas Company, Treet Company Build-
ing, Oil City, Pennsylvania.
Espach, Frank ......May 18. 1915
Chief Inspector, Union Gas ft Mectric Company, Fourth and
Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Evans, C. D May 16, 1911
Division Superintendent, Philadelphia Company, 435 Sixth Ave-
nue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Evans, J. J ..May 18, 1915
Division Superintendent, Hope Natural Gas Company, Clarks-
burg, West Virginia.
Ewing, A. M .May 15, 1917
Meter Department, Central Station Gas Company, 214 South
5th, Vincennes, Indiana.
EwIng Frederick May 15. 1917
Leasing Superintendent, Medina Gas ft Fuel Company, The
Columbus Natural Gas Company, Wooster, Ohio.
EwIng, J. J May 16, 1916
House Piper, Own business, 952 Fifth Avenue, Coraopolis,
Pennsylvania.
Fair, F ...May 18, 1915
South Shore Natural Gas ft Fuel Company, 307 Central Avenue,
Dunkirk, New York.
Falrchlld, F. A May 15, 1917
Agent, United Natural Gas Company, 901 Water Street, Mead-
ville, Pennsylvania.
Falk, F. I........... May 18, 1915
Assistant Treasurer, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 2017
Farmers Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Falk, G. E ........May 15, 1917
Cashier, South Shore Natural Gas ft Fuel Company, 307 Cen-
tral Avenue, Dunkirk, New York.
Farner, J. W May 16, 1916
Superintendent, Potter Gas Company, Port Allegany, Pennsyl-
vania.
Fay, Peter. May 15. 1917
Field Superintendent, Potter Gas Company, R. F. D. No. 2,
Smethport, Pennsylvania.
Felix, Otto F May 21, 1912
Secretary and Treasurer, Equitable Meter Company, 422 First
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Fesslcr, T. A ..May 15, 1917
Agent, Potter Gas Company, Elkland, Pennsylvania.
30
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Google
466 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Field, Roy A May 18, 1915
New Business Manager, National Gas, Electric Light ft Power
Company, 1714 Ford Building, Detroit, Michigan.
Filler, W. H May 20, 1913
Secretary and Treasurer, Pennsylvania Gas Ck>mpany, 213 Sec-
ond Avenue, Warren, Pennsylvania.
FInley, H. F May 16, 1916
Agent, Logan Natural Gas & Fuel Company, Mansfield, Ohio.
Finney, Frank F May 17, 1910
Superintendent of Gas Lines, Indian Territory Illuminating Oil
Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma.
Fischer, George J .May 21, 1907
Secretary and Manager, Modern Iron Works, Quincy, Illinois.
Fith, Harry P .May 20, 1913
General Foreman, The East Ohio Gas Company, 207 Regent
Street, Youngstown, Ohio.
Flaher, Francis P May 21. 1907
Assistant General Manager, Wichita Natural Gas Company,
Pioneer Telephone Building, Bartlesville, Oklahoma.
Fisler, John May 15, 1917
Foreman, Akron Natural Gas Company, Akron, New York.
Flanlgan, J. T May 15, 1917
Foreman, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 20 Weyand Street,
Buffalo, New York.
Fleming, Arthur C May 18, 1915
Superintendent, Pennisylvania Fuel Supply Company, Broad
Street, New Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
Fleming, Claude M ....... . .May 16, 1916
Foreman, Hope Natural Gas Company, 202 Locust Street, Man-
nington. West Virginia.
Fleming, Curtia B May 16, 1916
Producer Oil and Gas, P. O. Box 193, Fairmont, West Virginia.
Fleming, George F May 15, 1917
Agent, United Natural Gas Company, 120 West Spence Street,
Titusville, Pennsylvania.
Fllnn, T. W. H May 16, 1916
Appliances, Flinn Appliance House, 607 West Main Street,
I>eni8on, Texas.
Flint, R. B May 15, 1917
Meter Inspector, Potter Gas Company, Port Allegany, Penn-
sylvania.
Flocken, Alfred F May 16, 1916
Bookkeeper, Union Gas ft Electric Company, Fourth and Plum
Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Foley, John. May 18, 1915
General Field Superintendent, Manufacturers Light and Heat
Company, Canonshurg, Pennsylvania.
Foley, T. B ...... .May 16, 1916
Contractor, T. B. Foley, 410 Diamond Bank Building, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 467
Foley, T. H May 16, 1916
Superintendent, T. B. Foley, Contractor, 410 Diamond Bank
Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Fonner, J. H May 16, 1916
Shop Foreman and Agent, The Peoples Natural Oas Company,
616 Midland Avenue, Midland, Pennsylvania.
Ford, John C May 18, 1915
District Superintendent, South Penn Oil Company, Union
Trust Building, Charleston, West Virginia.
Foreman, H. A May 16, 1911
Vice President, E3astem Oil Company, 312 Fidelity Building,
Buffalo, New York.
Fopitall, Alfred E May 21, 1912
Consulting ESngineer, Forstall and Robison, 84 William Street,
New York, New York.
Foster, H. V May 21, 1912
President, Indian Territory Illuminating Oil and Gas Company,
111 E^st Eighth Street, Bartlesville, Oklahoma.
Foster, J. E May 20, 1913
Agent, The East Ohio Gas Company, 107 North Erie Street,
Massillon, Ohio.
Foster, D. H May 18, 1915
Secretary, Ohio Oil Association, 808 Harrison Building, Colum-
bus, Ohio.
Fox, E. C May 18, 1915
Manager, The Gas Appliance Company, 713 Frankfort Avenue,
Cleveland, Ohio.
Fralner, J. E .May 18, 1916
Sun Gas Company, Salem, West Virginia.
Frallc, F. A May 15, 1917
Agent and Superintendent, Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Com-
pany, 139 West Main Street, Gallon, Ohio.
Frantz, I. D . . .May 16, 1916
Foreman, Hope Natural Gas Company, Smithville, West Vir-
ginia.
Franz, W. E. May 18, 1916
Street Foreman, Natural Gas Department, The Dayton Gas
Company, 218 South Jefferson Street, Dayton, Ohio.
Frazler, J. E May 18, 1916
Superintendent, Charleston-Dunbar Natural Gas Company, 404
Ruffner Avenue, Charleston, West Virginia.
Freeman, W. W ..May 18, 1915
President, Union Gas ft Electric Company, Fourth and Plum
Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Frees, W. H May 16, 1916
Rig Building, 661 Buckeye Street, Wooeter, Ohio.
French, F. A May 15, 1917
Agent, Potter Gas Company, Port Allegany, Pennsylvania.
Freudenberger, Wm May 18, 1915
President, Freudenberger Oil Company, 504 Charleston Na-
tional Bank Building, Charleston, West Virginia.
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Google
468 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Frevert, Robert A May 15, 1917
Industrl&l Engineer, Dasrton Oas Company, Dayton, Ohio.
Frey, W. 8 May 15, 1917
Agent, Logan Natural Oas ft Puel Company, 209 South San-
dusky Avenue, Bucyrus, Ohio.
Frledenberg, D May 18, 1909
Auditor, Union Natural Oas Corporation, 84 Ruggery Building,
Columbus, Ohio.
FpohHeb, L. C May 16, 1911
Secretary, Federal Engineering Company, 1116 House Building,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Fuller, E. K May 16, 1917
Ag<vit, E^ast Aurora, New York, Iroquois Natural Oas Company,
East Aurora, New York.
Fulsom, H May 15, 1917
Foreman, Woodstock Oas Company, 523 Dundas Street, Wood-
stock, Ontario, Canada.
Funk, F. O May 19, 1914
Oil and Gas Operators. Cochran ft Funk, Eighth Street,
Moundsvllle, West Virginia.
Funk, W. T. ....... . .... .May 18, 1915
Auditor, Oil and Gas Companies, Commercial Bank Building,
Titusville, Pennsylvania.
Fye, J. L May 16, 1911
Division Superintendent, Philadelphia Company, 261 High
Street, Waynesburg, Pennsylvania.
Fyfe, A. D May 15, 1917
Geologist, Eknpire Fuel ft Gas Company, Bartlesville, Okla-
homa.
Gage, W. P ....May 17, 1910
Vice President and General Manager, Lone Star Gas Company,
807-8-9-10 First National Bank Building, Fort Worth, Texas.
Gager, H. A May 18, 1915
The Natural Gas Company of West Virginia, 156 Elast Fifth
Street, Salem, Ohio.
Gale, Glen N May 15, 1917
Superintendent Glenwood Station, Southern Ontario Gas Com-
pany, Limited, R. R. No. 4, Merlin, Ontario, Canada.
Gallagher, C. E May 20, 1913
Agent, The East Ohio Gas Company, Youngstown, Ohio.
Gallagher, R. W May 21, 1913
Assistant General Manager, The East Ohio Gas Company, East
Ohio Gas Building, Cleveland, Ohio.
Garard, Charles H May 19. 1914
Superintendent, Southern Ohio Division, The Ohio Fuel Supply
Company, 124 North Pennsylvania Avenue, Wellston, Ohio.
Garard, F. L .May 16, 1916
Assistant Superintendent and Agent, Fayette County Gas Com-
pany, 403 First National Bank Building, Uniontown, Penn-
sylvania.
Garard, John M May 18. 1909
Vice President apd General Manager, The Ohio Fuel Supply
Company, 52 West Gay Street, Columbus, Ohio.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 469
Gardner, C. W ..... .May 16, 1916
Engineering Department, The Bast Ohio Qas Ck>nipany, East
Ohio Gas Building, Cleveland, Ohio.
Garner, J. B May 16, 1916
Chemical Engineer, Hope Natural Gas Company, 6624 Wood-
mont Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Garrity, M. J ..... .May 16, 1916
District Foreman, Equitable Gas Company, 9th Street, McKees-
port, Pennsylvania.
Gastdorf, G. I May 16, 1916
Superintendent of Construction, The Huntington Development
& Gas Company, 928 Third Avenue, Huntington, West Vir-
ginia.
Gateett, A. L .May 19, 1908
President, Economy Stove Company, 2108 Superior Viaduct,
Cleveland, Ohio.
Gates, C. B ..May 20, 1913
Chief Clerk, The East Ohio Gas Company, 1405 ESast Sixth
Street, Cleveland, Ohio.
Gates, John Jr May 16, 1911
Attorney, Land Department, Philadelphia Company, 435 Sixth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Gavin, A. W May 15, 1917
Assistant City SViperintendent, Iroquois Natural Gas Company,
486 Lin wood Avenue, Buffalo, New York.
Geary, D. J . . .May 16. 1911
Sales Manager, Republic Iron & Steel Company, Republic
Building, Youngstown, Ohio.
Gelst, Jay May 15, 1917
Superintendents Clerk, United Fuel Gas Company, Spencer,
West Virginia.
Gelet, J. F .... ........... .May 16, 1916
Field Superintendent, United Fuel Gas Company, Ravenswood
Pike, Spencer, West Virginia.
Germer, E. G May 20, 1913
President, Germer Stove Company, 16th and Parade Streets,
E«rie, Pennsylvania.
Gerlcke, Otear C May 15, 1917
Chemical Engineer, Ebst Ohio Gas Company, 3182 West 14th
Street, S. W., Cleveland, Ohio.
Gessel, B. M May 15, 1917
President, Anchor Oil Company, 1108 South Cheyenne, Tulsa,
Oklahoma.
Gibson, C. A May 19, 190g
Kansas Natural Gas Company, P. O. Drawer 466, Independence,
Kansas.
Qibaon, W . C May 17, 1910
Manager, Wichita Falls Gas Company, Kemp and Kell Building,^
Wichita Falls, Texas.
Glegel, F. Q May 20, 191J
General Foreman, The Northwestern Ohio Natural Gas Com-
pany, 210-212 Huron Street, Toledo, Ohio.
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Google
470 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
QiffonI, B. J May 21, 1912
Superintendent, Little Rock Ga« ft Fuel Company, 113 West
Sixth Street, Uttle Rock, Arkansas.
Gilbert, A. J May 16, 1916
Foreman, Arkansas Natural Gae Ck>mpany, Malvern, Arkansas.
Gill, John E . May 16, 1911
President, Manufacturers Light ft Heat Company, 310 Colum-
bia Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Gllmore, Frank M May 21, 1907
Secretary-Manager, Mound Valley Natural Gas ft Oil Company,
Mound Valley, Kansas.
GIndele, Albert H May 18, 1915
Industrial Gas Engineer, Toledo Railway ft Light Company,
1120 Norwood Avenue, Toledo, Ohio.
Given, E May 18, 1915
Field Stiperintendent, The East Ohio Gas Company, 6110
Franklin Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.
Glasgow, Arthur Graham May 21, 1912
Chairman, Humphreys ft Glasgow, Limited, 36 and 38 Victoria
Street, London, S. W., E3ngland.
Glass John .....May 16, 1911
Chief Engineer, Carnegie Natural Gas Company, 245 North
Bridge Street, Waynesburg, Pennsylvania.
Glass, Roy May 16, 1916
Eloglneer, Carnegie Natural Gas Company, Hastings, West Vir-
ginia.
Gleason, C. W May 20, 1913
Division Engineer, United Natural Gas Company, 507 North
Street, Oil City, Pennsylvania.
Goble, Benjamin F May 15, 1917
Foreman, United Natural Gas Company, Shlnglehouee, Potter
County, Pennsylvania.
Golf, George 8 ..May 17, 1910
General Manager, Crystal Gas Company, 26 East Market Street,
Coming, New York.
Goldsborough, J. R May 19, 1914
Titusville, Supply Company, 1520 Farmers Bank Building,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Goodnow, Robert W May 21, 1912
City Gas Inspector, City of Kansas City, City Hall, Kansas City,
Missouri.
Goodrich, H. B May 17, 1910
Consulting Geologist, Ardmore, Oklahoma.
Grace, Clarence H . . May 16, 1916
Manager, Gas Journal Publishers, Limited, Hamilton, Ontario,
Canada.
Grafflt, W. H May 20, 1913
Publisher (President) Gas Publishing Company (The Gas Rec-
ord), 347 Monadnock Block, Chicago, Illinois.
Graham, Lyman L May 20, 1913
Secretary, United Natural Gas C:k>mpany, 206 Seneca Street,
Oil City, Pennsylvania.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 471
Qnimmsl, B. J May 18, 1916
Purchasing Agent, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 46 Church
Street, Buffalo, New York.
Grant, C. E May 18, 1916
Agent, Pennsylvania Fuel Supply Company, 416 Main Street,
Emlenton, Pennsylvania.
Gray, A. R May 16, 1916
Assistant General Superintendent, The Peoples Natural Gas
Company, 424 Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Gray, Homer R May 20, 1913
Assistant Treasurer, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, Iroquois
Building, Buffalo, New York.
Gray, J. F May 20, 1913
Chief Bbgineer, The Ektet Ohio Gas Company, 1406 Blast Sixth
Street, Cleveland, Ohio.
Great, W. 8 May 19, 1908
District Superintendent, Welsbach Lighting Company of
America, Peoples Gas Building, Chicago, Illinois.
Greenawalt, E. J May 18, 1916
Trunk Line Foreman, Columbia Gas ft Electric Company, 1206
Jefferson Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia.
Greit, Harry N May 21, 1912
President, Atlantic Petroleum Corporation, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Gribble, Wallace B May 15, 1917
Special Representative, Hope Natural Gas Company, Empire
National Bank Building, Clarksburg, West Virginia.
Qrlswold, Robert Q May 18, 1916
Chief Technologist, Henry L. Doherty ft Company, 60 Wall
Street, New York, New York.
Griawold, William T May 16, 1911
Geologist, Philadelphia Company, 435 Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.
Groble, J. C May 16, 1916
Assistant Manager, Reynolds Gas Regulator Company, Ander-
son, Indiana.
Qrostcup, Fred Paul May 18, 1916
President, Charleston-Dunbar Natural Gas Company, Charles-
ton, West Virginia.
Grosscup, Paul B May 18, 1916
Vice President and General Manager, Charleston-Dunbar Natu-
ral Gas Company, Charleston, West Virginia.
Grunder, F. D May 16, 1917
Assistant General Sales Manager, Tube Department, Jones ft
Laughlin Steel Company, 412 Jones and Laughlin Building,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Quffey, Joseph F May 16, 1911
General Manager, The Philadelphia Company, 436 Sixth Ave-
nue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Qumaey, W. M ..May 18, 1909
Superintendent, Crystal City Gas Company, 26 Bast Market
Street, Corning, New York.
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Google
472 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Quitteau, W. 8 ........ . .May 18, 1915
Sales Manager, Lloyd Construction Company, 860 Greenwood
Avenue, Detroit, Michigan.
Qwynn, E. F May 18, 1909
President, Qwynn Gas Burner ft Engineering Company, 713
Empire Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Hackataff, John D June 12, 1906
General Manager, Empire Pipe Line Company, Bartlesville,
Oklahoma.
Hackataff, Richard G May 15, 1917
Empire Pipe Line Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma.
Hadley, F. L May 16, 1911
Superintendent of Linee, The Peoples Natural Gas Company,
424 Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Hadley, W. R .....May 19, 1908
Secretary-Treasurer, The Union Natural Gas Corporation, 1608
Union Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Hagen, O. C May 16, 1916
General Manager, Drilling Department, Ohio Fuel Supply Com-
pany, 76 Huffman Avenue, Columbus, Ohio.
Hagan, W. C May 18, 1915
Mechanical Engineer, The East Ohio Gas Company, 7918 Hough
Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.
Hall, C. T May 16, 1911
Oil and Gas Operator, Bula Oil Company, 74 Vandergrift Build-
ing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Hall, Henry C May 15, 1917
General Bookkeeper, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 72 Char-
lotte Avenue, Buffalo, New York.
Hall, H. E May 15, 1917
Accountant, Dominion Natural Gas Company, Limited, 842 Ma-
rine Bank Building, Buffalo, New York.
Hall, Herman H May 16, 1916
Agent, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 52 West Gay Street,
Columbus, Ohio.
Hall, Jeaae J May 16, 1916
Accountant, Randall Gas Company, 190 Chancery Row, Morgan-
town, West Virginia.
Hall, T. A May 15, 1917
Engineer, Dominion Natural Gas Company, Limited, Bank of
Hamilton Building, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Hamilton, W. R May 18, 1915
General Manager, Montebello Oil Company, 438 California
Street, San Francisco, California.
Hammen, M. E May 15, 1917
Foreman, South Shore Natural Gas ft Fuel Company, 307 Cen-
tral Avenue, Dunkirk, New York.
Hampton, Robert S May 15, 1917
President, Frankfort, Kentucky, Natural Gas Company, Titus-
ville, Pennsylvania.
Hanchett, F. C May 16, 1916
Foreman, United Natural Gas Company, 329 West Walnut
Street, TitusviUe, Pennsylvania.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 473
Hanka, J. G May 20, 1913
Superintendent, The East Ohio Gas Ck>mpany, 1405 East Sixth
Street, Cleveland, Ohio.
Hanley, T. L May 15, 1917
Superintendent, Hanley ft Bird, Jackson Avenue, Bradford,
Pennsylvania.
Hann, Thomat D May 16, 1911
General Manager, Greensboro Gas Company, Brownsville, Penn-
sylvania.
Hannan, Robert W May 16, 1911
Oil and Gas Producer, 76-78 Vandergrift Building, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.
Hannon, D. W May 15, 1917
Division Foreman, East Ohio Gas Company, 1007 Garfield Ave-
nue, S. W., Canton, Ohio.
Hare, A. S May 18, 1915
Cashier, The Natural Gas Company of West Virginia, 1226
Chaplin Street, Wheeling, West Virginia.
Hare, C. Willing May 17, 1910
Manager, New Business Department, The United Gas Improve-
ment Company, Broad and Arch Streets, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
Harney, H., Jr May 15, 1917
Inspector, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 83 Edna Place, Buf-
falo, New York.
Harrington, D. P May 19, 1914
Assistant to General Stiperintendent, The Texas Company, Nat-
ural Gas Department, P. O. Drawer 983, Fort Worth, Texas.
Harrington, H. H May 15, 1917
Superintendent, Citizens Gas & EHectric Company, 563 West
Third Street, Elyria, Ohio.
Harris, George 8 May 20, 1913
Chief Bookkeeper, The Bast Ohio Gas Company, 1405 East
Sixth Street, Cleveland, Ohio.
Hartzeil, A. C May 19, 1908
Treasurer, Greenville Natural Gas Company, Canal Street,
Greenville, Pennsylvania.
Harwood, J. Arch May 18, 1915
Civil E«ngineer, The Natural Gas Company of West Virginia,
41 Vine Street, Salem, Ohio.
Hastings, A. L May 15, 1917
Field Foreman, Oklahoma Natural Gas Company, Tulsa,
Oklahoma.
Hastings, John May 16, 1916
FV>reman, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, Hamburg, New York.
Haatinga, Wlllianfi May 20, 1913
Division Superintendent, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 306
Iroquois Building, BuftAlo, New York.
Hatfield, J. 8 May 19, 1914
Assistant Superintendent, Killbuck ft MlUersburg Oil ft Gas
Company, MlUersburg, Ohio.
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Google
474 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Hawk, C. M May 15, 1017
Chief Ehifi^lneer, Logan Natural Oaa ft Fuel Company, Sugar
Oroye, Ohio.
Hawkins, B. J May 16, 1916
Auditor, Bastem Oil Company, 312 Fidelity Building, Buffalo,
New York.
Hay, Ralph W May 18, 1909
Assistant Oeneral Superintendent and Purchasing Agent, The
Manufacturers Light A Heat Company, 248 Fourth Avenue,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Haymaker, F. B May 18, 1915
Treasurer, The Producers Gas Company, 816 Main Street,
Clarksburg, West Virginia.
Haymond, E. L May 18, 1915
General Manager, Haymond Company, 103 South Mulberry
Street, Muncie, Indiana.
Hays, Victor May 21. 1907
General Auditor, Kansas Natural Gas Company, Sixth and
Maple Streets, Independence, Kansas.
Hazeltine, Roy 8 May 16, 1916
Assistant Chief Geologist, Continental Oil ft Gas Company,
Box 578, Bartlesville, Oklahoma.
Hazlett, F. S May 16, 1916
Foreman, Hope Natural Gas Company, West Union, West
Virginia.
Hazlett, Ira I May 16, 1916
Secretary, Jackson Pike Oil ft Gas Company, New Lexington,
Ohio.
Healey, F. R May 18, 1915
Superintendent, Electrical IMstribution, Union Gas ft Electric
Company, Fourth and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Healey, J. H May 16, 1916
Assistant Treasurer, Potter Gas Company, Pittsburgh, Penn-
sylvania.
Heard, T. J May 18, 1915
Secretary and Treasurer, Reserve Natural Gas Company of
Louisiana, 208 Ward Building, Shreveport, Louisiana.
Heaaley, Harry May 16, 1911
President, Oklahoma Fuel Supply Company, lli/^ Main Street,
Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Heath, C. R May 19, 1908
President, Middletown Gas Company, Middletown, Indiana.
Heaslett, Frank May 16, 1916
Shop Foreman, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, BlairsviUe,
Pennsylvania.
Heazlett, William May 16, 1916
Shop Foreman, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, Latrobe.
Pennsylvania.
Heck, A. 8 May 18, 1915
Manager, Goff and Heck, Spencer, West Virginia.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 475
Heeter, C. M May 16, 191«
PrMident, C. M. Heeter Sons ft Company, Inc., Duff City Qbb
Company, North Lima Gas Company, 261 South McKane
Street, Butler, Pennsylvania.
Hegerty, F. P May 16, 1911
Representative, Westinghouse Electric ft Manufacturing Com-
pany, 1808 Union Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Heggem, A. G May 16, 1916
Petroleum Bnglneer, Consulting, 512-613 Danlal Building, Tulsa,
Oklahoma.
Helm, Charles L May 20, 1913
Agent, The Eiast Ohio Gas Company, 137 Public Square, Woos-
ter, Ohio.
Henderson, James Alexander Leo May 16, 1911
Director and Technical Advisor, New Brunswick Gas ft Oil
Fields Company, Limited, 3 LfOndon Wall Building. London,
E3L C, Bbgland.
Henderson, John I May 16, 1916
B2ngineer, The Logan Natural Gas Company, 34 Buggery Build-
ing, Columbus, Ohio.
Hennessey, George F May 16, 1916
United Fuel Gas Company, 1810 McClung Street, Charleston,
West Virginia.
Henning, J. A May 15. 1917
Clerk, Manufacturers Gas Company, Kane, Pennsylvania.
Henning, M. H. May 18, 1916
Superintendent, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, 424 Sixth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Herr, J. P May 16, 1916
Advertising Manager, Tulsa Daily World, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
HerHng, A. W May 15, 1917
General Manager, The Commercial Oil ft Gas Company, 172
Main Street, Ashtabula, Ohio.
Herron, F. W May 15, 1917
Secretary, Producers Gas Company, 300 First National Bank
Building, Clean, New York.
Heuperman, F. J May 18, 1915
Engineer, Calgary Gas Company, Limited, 215 Sixth Avenue,
West, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Heydrick, James 0 May 16, 1916
Box 596, Irvine, Kentucky.
HIckernell, George W May 15, 1917
Agent, Pennsylvania Gas Company, 213 Second Avenue, War-
ren, Pennsylvania.
Higgint, W. C May 20, 1913
Manager, Contract Department, The East Ohio Gas Company,
Bast Ohio Gas Building, Cleveland, Ohio.
Hildabnind, J. 8 May 16, 1916
Field Superintendent, South Hills Oil ft Gas Company, R. F. D.
No. 1, Fair Haven, Pennsylvania.
Hlldebrand, H. D May 19, 1914
President, Hope Engineering ft Supply Company, 1319 Farmers
Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Google
476 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Hill, Charles E May 18, 1915
Superintendent, Alden-Batavia Natural Oas Ck>nipaBy, 71 Main
Street, Batavla, New York.
Hill, Dudley M May 16, 1916
Assistant to Mechanical E2nglneer, Philadelphia Ck>mpany, 436
Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Hill, J. B May 16, 1911
Manager, Welsbach Company, 621 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.
Hill, W. W May 19, 1914
Acting Chief Engineer, Quapaw Company, BarUesvllle, Okla*
homa.
Hilty, John May 16, 1916
Shop Foreman, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, Altoona,
Pennsylvania.
HInerman, G. L May 19, 1914
Division Superintendent, Philadelphia Company of West Vir-
ginia, Weston, West Virginia.
HItchcocIc, Otto Q May 18, 1909
Secretary and General Manager, Hays Manufacturing Company,
Twelfth and Liberty Streets, Brie, Pennsylvania.
Hockstetter, Ralph May 15, 1917
Gas Producer, Gunsburg ft Forman, Fidelity Building, Buffalo,
New York.
Hoagland, H. C May 17, 1910
General Manager, Muskogee Gas ft Electric Company, Mus-
kogee, Oklahoma.
Hodge, W. H May 15, 1917
Publicity Manager, H. M. Blyyesby ft Company, 208 South La
Salle Street, Chicago, Illinois.
HofTman, H. R May 15, 1917
Acting Chief Clerk, General OfDce, Iroquois Natural Gas Com-
pany, 131 Monroe Street, Buffalo, New York.
Hogg, Herman B May 18, 1915
District Manager, National Supply Company, Parkersburg,
West Virginia.
Holbrook, David Oliver May 19, 1908
Vice President, Natural Gas Association of America, 904-905
Oliver Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Holbrook Lynn May 20, 1913
Purchasing Agent, The United Natural Gas Company, 306 Sen-
eca Street, Oil City, Pennsylvania.
Holland, H. T May 16. 1917
Chief Engineer, Wheeler Compressing Station, The North-
western Ohio Natural Gas Company, Sugar Grove, Ohio.
HolMday, F. M May 15, 1917
National Transit Company, Marwood, Pennsylvania.
Holly, W. M May 16, 1917
Field Superintendent, Potter Gas Company, Shinglehouse, Penn-
sylvania.
Holmes, A. Q June 12, 1906
Vice President and Manager, Pittsburgh Meter Company, P. O.
Box 252, East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 477
Holtz, W. H May 20, 1913
Chief Clerk, General Office, The E^aet Ohio Oaa Company, 1447
East Sixth Street, Cleveland, Ohio.
Hoover, H. J May 20, 1913
Commercial Manager, Oae Department, The Union Oas ft Elec-
tric Company, Fourth and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Hopp, Henry C May 16, 1911
Manager, Malta ft McConnellsvllle Gae Company, Malta, Ohio.
Horner, Boyd E May 16, 1911
Oil and Gas Operator, Homer Building, Clarksburg, West
Virginia.
Horner, Lynn 8 May 16, 1911
Superintendent, Washington Ga« Company, Homer Building,
Clarksburg, West Virginia.
Horeley, George H May 16, 1916
Purchasing Agent, Hast Ohio Gas Company, 1290 West 103d
Street, Cleveland, Ohio.
Horton, F. J May 19, 1908
General Manager, Portland Gas ft Pipe Line Company, 402
South EHm Street, lola, Kansas.
Hottinger, R. L May 18, 1909
Meter Repairer, Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Company, 534 Sec-
ond Street, Fremont, Ohio.
Hottic, A. G May 16, 1916
Superintendent, Arco Oil Company, South Street, Wooster,
Wayne County, Ohio.
Hovli, Park May 16, 1916
Gas Well Driller and Inventor, Wooster, Ohio.
Hovli, W. A May 16, 1916
Foreman, United Natural Gas Company, Clermont, Pennsyl-
vania.
Howard, G. E May 18. 1915
Master Mechanic, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 52 West
Gay Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Howard, J. W May 15. 1917
Field Foreman, Medina Gas Company, Vienna. Ontario, Canada.
Howard, W. E May 15, 1917
Foreman, Brantford Gas Company, Limited, Brantford, Ontario,
Canada.
Howard, R. B May 16. 1916
Agent, Hope Natural Gas Company, 17 Clarksburg Street. Man-
nington. West Virginia.
Hoytc, Walter 8 May 21. 1907
First Vice President and General Manager, Wichita Natural
Gas Company, Suite 727 Beacon Building, Wichita, Kansas.
Huff, C. F May 20. 1913
Superintendent, The Clarion Gas Company, Clarion, Pennsyl-
vania.
Hughes, WIIMam K May 21, 1912
Vice President, The Continental Supply Company, 918 Third
National Bank Building, St. Louis, Missouri.
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Google
478 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Hull, H. D May 18, 1916
Field Superintendent, Medina Gas & Fuel Company, Wooeter,
Ohio.
Humphreys, Alexander C May 21, 1912
President, Stevens Institute of Technology, Buffalo Gas Com-
pany, and Humphreys ft Miller, Inc., 166 Broadway, New
York, New York.
Hunter, Campbell M May 20, 1913
Oil Mining Expert, Thomas & Hunter, 3 Lambard Street, Lon-
don, H C, England.
Hunter, W. E May 15, 1917
Vice President, Randall Gas Company, Morgantown, West
Virginia.
Hurd, Franklin R May 16, 1917
East Ohio Gas Company, 1442 East 109th Street, Cleveland,
Ohio.
Hurlburt, Alfred May 16, 1911
Engineer, Kansas City Gas Company, 910 Grand Avenue, Kan-
sas City, Missouri.
Hutchinson, Frank May 20. 1913
Sales Manager, The Gas Appliance Company, 713 Frankfort
Avenue, West Cleveland, Ohio.
HutohJnson, H. D May 16, 1911
Contractor, 60 Lincoln Street, Unlontown, Pennsylvania.
Hutchinson, J. E.. May 16, 1916
Auditor, Lone Star Gas Company, Praetoriam Building, Dallas,
Texas.
Hutchinson, W. P May 18, 1915
Vice President and Sales Manager, The Sprague Meter Com-
pany, Bridgeport, Connecticut.
Hutchison, E. H May 18, 1915
Producer and Contractor, Harmony, Pennsylvania.
Ikard, L. D May 16, 1916
Field Foreman, Columbus Producing Company, Miami, West
Virginia.
Inghram, D. W May 16, 1916
Field Foreman, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, Burgetts-
town, Pennsylvania.
Irwin, J. W May 16, 1916
Manager, Ohio Pipe ft Supply Company, West Park, Ohio.
Irwin, R. W May 15, 1917
Agent, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 120 South Detroit
Street, Xenia, Ohio.
Isherwood, J. H May 15, 1917
Gasoline Operator, Potter Gas Company, Shinglehouse, Penn-
sylvania.
Ivory, E. D May 16, 1916
Industrial Department, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, 424
Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Jackson, Frank Q May 20, 1913
Chief Station Engineer, United Natural Gas Company, R. F. D.
No. 1, Hallton, Elk County, Pennsylvania.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 479
Jack»on, Q. H May 16. 1916
Gas Department, Monongahela Valley Traction Company, Fair-
mont, West Virginia.
Jacobs, P. C May 16, 1911
Superintendent, Ohio Gas Meter (Company, 2355 LAkeside Ave-
nue, Cleveland, Ohio.
Jacoby, H. L May 15, 1917
Foreman, Producers Gas Company, Olean, New York.
James, D. K May 20, 1913
Sales Manager, American Railway Appliance Company, 105
West Third Street, Oil City, Pennsylvania.
James, Robert C May 17, 1910
General Auditor, The United Gas Improvement Company, Broad
and Arch Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Jarvlet, T. B May 19, 1908
Secretary, Jarvies Burner, Heating ft Plumbing Company, 4022
Belleview Avenue, Kansas City, Missouri.
Jay, C. H May 16, 1916
General Auditor, Ohio Cities Gas Company, 135 North Front
Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Jay, D. C May 18, 1915
Superintendent, Leasing Department, United Fuel Gas Com-
pany, Quarrler Street, Charleston, West Virginia.
Jenkins, Howard May 16, 1916
Chief Engineer, Hope Natural Gas Company, Hardy Apart-
ments, Mechanic Street, Clarksburg, West Virginia.
Jimerson, Deo May 18, 1915
Chief Engineer, Columbia Gas ft Electric Company, R. F. D.
No. 1, Kenova, West Virginia.
Johnson, C. W May 15. 1917
Assistant to Vice President, Hope Natural Gas Company, 424
Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Johnson, Frank May 15, 1917
Fieldman, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, Hamburg, New York.
Johnston, Norwood May 15, 1917
Superintendent, Carnegie Natural Gas Company, Carnegie
Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Johnson, Paul R May 15, 1917
Genera] Manager, The Gas Pipe Line Corporation, 123 Main
Street, Independence, Kansas.
Johnson, Roswell H May 16, 1916
Consulting Geologist, Johnson ft Huntley, 1039 Murrayhill Ave-
nue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Johnson, Russell A May 20, 1913
Purchasing Agent, Peoples Natural Gas Company, 424 Sixth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Jones, Clement Ross May 16. 1916
Consulting Engineer, Randall Gas Company, Morgantown, West
Virginia.
Jones, E. T May 15, 1917
Division Foreman, East Ohio Gas Company, Cleveland, Ohio.
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480 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Jonet, Goorge H May 20, 1913
Comptroller, East Ohio Gas Company, 26 Broadway, New York,
New York.
Jonea, Hoyle May 18. 1916
Manager of Sales, La Belle Iron Works, 605 R. A. Long Balld-
Ing, Kansas City, Missouri.
Jones, Hugh T May 21, 1912
Jones Oas Company, 226 West Main Street, Chanute, Kansas.
Jones, T. C June 12, 1906
President, The Delaware Oas Company, 68 North Sandusky
Street, Delaware, Ohio.
Jones, Thomas J May 16. 1916
Superintendent, Hope Natural Gas Company, 330 Locust Street,
Mannington, West Virginia.
Jones, T. J May 18. 1916
Manager, The Columbus Gas ft Fuel Company, 135 North Front
Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Jordan, E. W May 21, 1912
Gas Ehiglneer, Bessemer Gas Engine Company, Grove City,
Pennsylvania.
Jordan, George E May 18, 1916
Engineer, Louisiana Gas Company, Moorlngsport, Louisiana.
Jordan, G. R May 18, 1916
Civil Engineer, Southwestern Gas ft Electric Company. 116
Texas Street, Shreveport, Louisiana.
Judge, W. J May 20, 1913
Vice President, National Fuel Gas Company, 26 Broadway, New
York, New York.
Kanitz, Jacques May 19, 1914
Generaldirector. der Ungarischen Gasgluehlicht A G., VI., Vacxi-
koruit 3, Budapest, Hungary.
Kay, J. M May 16. 1916
Field Superintendent, Glenshaw Natural Gas Company, Glen-
Shaw, Pennsylvania.
Keenan, J. E May 16, 1916
District Foreman, Equitable Gas Company. 6306 Penn Avenue,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Kellogg, E. B May 15, 1917
Superintendent. Alden-Batavia Natural Gas Company, Batavia,
New York.
Kellogg, Franklin L May 16, 1911
Field Manager, Ontario Gas Company, Honeoye Falls, New
York,
Kellum, B. J June 12, 1906
Manager, Western Department. Welsbach Company, 629 Wash-
ington Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois.
Kelly, J. W May 16, 1911
Salesman, Jarecki Manufacturing Company, 311 First Avenue,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Kenney, A. E May 16, 1916
President, Kenney Land & Oil Company, Box 564. Parkersburg,
West Virginia.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 481
Kmttfdv, J. J May U, 1911
Cfeneral Manager of Sales, National Tube Gomiiany» Frick
Building, Pittsburgh, "Pennsylyania.
Kent, J. F May 18, 1918
Preaident, Pelham Oil ft Gas Company, Huntington, West
Virginia.
Kerr, A. N May 16, 1917
(General Superintendent, Riverside ft Western Oil Company,
Benedum-Trees Building, Pitteburgh, Pennsylvania.
Kerr, Peter M May 18, 1918
Superintendent of Drilling, T. W. Phillips Oas ft Oil Company,
613 Woodward Avenue, Kittanning, Pennsylvania.
Kerr, T. H May 18, 1915
Engineer, Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 62 West Gay Street,
Columbus, Ohio.
Ketohum, D. A May 18, 1916
Assistant General Superintendent, United Fuel Gas Company,
Quarrler SItreet, Charleston, West Virginia.
Ketler, W. G May 16, 1918
Agent, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, 701 Center Street,
Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania.
KIdd, J. W May 16, 1916
Chief Clerk, Hope Natural Gas Company, 477 Campbell Street,
Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania.
Kldner, R. L March 20, 1908
Manager, Century Stove ft Manufacturing Company, 1223-26
West Tenth Street, Kansas City, Missouri.
Kleeel, Charies May 16, 1917
Foreman, Elast Ohio Gas Company, 714 Bobbins Avenue, Nlles,
Ohio.
KIghtllnger, A. D May 16, 1917
Field Foreman, The Manufacturers Light ft Heat Company,
Washington, Pennsylvania.
Kilpatriok, R. B May 18, 1916
Superintendent, Windsor Gas Company, 202 Ouellette Avenue,
Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
KImmel, C. F May 18, 1916
Division Superintendent, Manufacturers Gas Company, Martin
Building, BrookviUe, Pennsylvania.
KIneheloe, L. G May 18, 1918
Foreman, Hope Natural Gkw Company, 319 St Clair Avenue,
Clarksburg, West Virginia.
Kino, E. J May 18, 1916
Vice President, The Huntington Development ft Gas Company.
928 Third Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia.
King, J May 18, 1918
Superintendent, Allegheny Heating Company, 803 Bard Street,
North Side, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Kino, W. 8 May 18, 1918
Field Foreman, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, Mnrrays-
ville, Pennsylvania.
81
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Google
482 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Kingtiey, T. C May 16, 191«
Oil Producer, Kingsley ft Burgess, Middleboume, West Virginia.
KInley, George A May IS, 1916
Stenographer, Hope Natural Gas Company, 1130 Ross Avenue,
Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania.
Kirk, F. W May 21. 1912
Superintendent, Pipe Lines, Lone Star Oas Company, 807 First
National Bank Building, Fort Worthy Texas.
Kitchen, Jamse W May 20, 1913
Assistant Secretary and Treasurer, Pennsylvania Gas Com-
pany, 213 Second Street, Warren, Pennsylvania.
Klein, L. C May 15, 1917
Manager, West Park Office, Continental Supply Company, West
Park, Ohio.
Kline, Virgil P., Jp May 20, 1913
Assistant to Superintendent, Peoples Natural Gas Company, 424
Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Kllngensmlth, J. M Bfay 16, 1916
Shop Foreman, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, 116 Haw-
thorn Avenue, Greensburg, Pennsylvania.
Kllse, John J May 16, 1916
The Kllse, Dckstein, McCann Company, Lancaster, Ohio.
Klumpp, John Bartleman May 19, 1908
Inspecting Hbgineer, United Gas Improvement Company, Broad
and Arch Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Knapp, Frank May 16, 1916
General Manager, Pittsburgh Water Heater Company, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
Knapp, Isaac N May 21, 1912
116 Ardmore Avenue, Ardmore, Pennsylvania.
Knight, William H May 19, 1908
General Manager, Cleveland Gas Meter Company, 2180 Bast
Sixty-fifth Street, Cleveland, Ohio.
Knowles, W. R May 16, 1916
Superintendent, Pressure Department, The East Ohio Gas
Company, 10832 Greenlawn Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.
Kohl, W. G May 15, 1917
Agent, Logan Natural Gas ft Puel Company, 10 Sbuth Pleasant
Street, Norwalk, Ohio.
Koontz, L. V May 18, 1916
President, Koontz Oil ft Gas Company, Clendenin, West
Virginia.
Kramer, C. W. May 15, 1917
Chief Engineer, Arkansas Natural Gas Company, State Bank
Building, Little Rock, Arkansas.
Krause, Charles May 20, 1913
Inspector, The Union Gas ft EHectric Company, Fourth and
Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Krebs, Oscar May 18, 1916
Main Line Foreman, Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 52 West Gay
Street, Columbus, Ohio.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 488
Krick, Kay C February 27, 1906
Vice President, The Logan Natural Qaa ft Fuel Company, 34
Ruggery Building, Columbus, Ohio.
Lackey, Frank May 18, 1916
Superintendent, Crescent Oil ft Gas Company, Olenwillard,
Pennsy yania.
Ladd, George T May 16, 1911
President, The Qeorge T. Ladd Company, 1620 Farmers Bank
Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Lakamp, J. H May 20. 1913
General Superintendent, Operating Department, Union Gas ft
Blectric Company, Fourth and Plum Streets, Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Umbing, J. A May 18, 1909
1023 Franklin Avenue, Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania.
Landls, H. K May 16, 1916
Managing ESditor, The Gas Age, 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New
York, New York.
Lansley, John W May 18, 1915
Secretary, Southwestern Gas & Electric Company, 1615 Harris
Trust Building, Chicago, Illinois.
Larkham, W. E May 16, 1916
Foreman, Calgary Gas Company, 2022 Center Street, North,
Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Larkln, J. J May 17, 1910
Larkin Brothers, Bartlesville, Oklahoma.
Urkin, W. H May 18, 1909
Manager, Larkin ft Company, Butler, Pennsylvania.
Lathrop, Alanson P May 17. 1910
President, American Light ft Traction Company, The Equitable
Building, 120 Broadway, New York, New York.
Laughlin, James P May 16, 1917
General Foreman, Street Department, The East Ohio Gas Com-
pany, 19 North High Street, Akron, Ohio.
Lavell, Lon May 16. 1916
Foreman, Hope Natural Gas Company, F^irview, West Virginia.
Law, C. H May 16, 1911
General Superintendent, Ridgway Light ft Heat Company, 16
North Broad Street, Ridgway, Pennsylvania.
Law, Robert, Jr May 16, 1911
President, The Quapaw Gas Company, 1320 Farmers Bank
Building, Pittsburgh, ^Pennsylvania.
Uyton, Miles B May 16, 1911
Assistant Manager, Manufacturers Light ft Heat Company, 312
Columbia Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Leamy, Alan May 18, 1909
Manager, Middle West Department, Welsbach Company, 116-
122 East Chestnut Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Leamon. William G May 15, 1917
Chemist, Medina Gas ft Fuel Company, Liberty and Market
Streets, Wooster, Ohio.
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Google
484 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
LMrd, R. C May 18, 1915
superintendent, United Fuel G«i Company, Kennlt, West
Virginia.
Leather*, J. H May 18, 1918
Foreman, Equitable Qae Company, 808 Fuller Apartments, Do-
nora, PenneylTania..
Lm, Thomas M May 80. 1913
Superintendent, Trunk Lines, The Bast Ohio Gas Company,
Canton, Ohio.
LeFevre, Harry E May 17, 1910
Contractor and Stockholder, American Natural Oas Company,
Lexington Avenue and Fourth Street, Aspinwall, Pennsyl-
yania.
Lehman, I. L May 18, 1918
Commercial Manager, The Dayton Oas Company, Dayton, Ohio.
Leidlcker, F. H May 18, 1918
Leidicker Tool Company, Marietta, Ohio.
Leight, Harry Q May 18, 1918
Foreman, Meter Repair Department, Logan Natural Oas 4b Fuel
Company, Mansfield, Ohio.
Leiandp Edward D May 18, 1911
Superintendent, Compressing Stations, Philadelphia Company,
436 Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Leiand, R. M May 15, 1917
Assistant Superlntendoit of Compressing Stations, Philadelphia
Company- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Leonard, A. W May 19, 1908
General Manager, Oklahoma Fuel Supply Company, Box 938,
Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Leonard, Charles F May 20, 1913
Gas iEkiglneer, Public Service Commission, Second District,
Albany, New York.
Leonard, John May 18, 1918
Field Superintendent, Manufactures Gas Company, Kane, Penn-
sylvania.
Leonard, J. W May 15, 1917
on Producer, J. W. Leonard Oil Company, 339 Baet Dean
Street, Washington Pennsylvania.
Levy, F. A May 19, 1914
Vice President, Gulf Pipe Une Company, Schenley Hotel, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
Lepper, E. L May 16, 1918
Agent, Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Company, East North Street,
Fostoria, Ohio.
LeRoy, Frank O May 16. 1917
Chief Clerk Chart Department, Hope Natural Gas Company, 424
Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Leslie, Frederick C May 15, 1917
Auditor, The Manufacturers Light ft Heat Company, 248 Fourth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Lewis, A. H BCay 20, 1913
Agent, Fremont Gas, Blectrlc Light ft Power Co., Fremont,
Ohio.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 486
L«wi«» Phil May 16, 1911
Foreman, The ESast Ohio Oaa Company, 240 North Second
Street, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio.
L«wl% T. L May 21, 1912
ABflistant Manager of Sales,, A. M. Byers Company, 236 Water
Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Light, George May 18, 1916
Superintendent, Dayton Gas Company, 234 North St. Clair
Street, Dayton, Ohio.
Llille, Lewis May 21, 1907
Third Vice President and Treasurer, The United Qas Improve-
ment Company, Broad and Arch Streets, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
Lindsay, Robert J May 18, 1909
Assistant Secretary-Treasurer, Hope Engineering ft Supply
Company, 411 Pioneer Building, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Lindsay, Roy May 16, 1917
Foreman, Dominion Natural Gas Company, Limited, Dunnville,
Ontario, Canada.
Lindsay, W. R May 16. 1916
Assistant to Vice President, Oklahoma Petroleum ft Gasoline
Company, Box 921, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Little, Perry A May 16, 1917
Producer Natural Gas and Oil, White Building, Buffalo, New
York.
Lobaugh, W. H May 16, 1917
Field Manager, Pavilion Natural Gas Company, Pavilion, New
York.
Lookhart, Robert May 16, 1916
Ohio Fuel Oil Company, Charleston, West Virginia.
Lobell, Henry O May 16, 1916
Industrial Fuel Bnglneer, Henry L. Doherty ft Company, 60
Wall Street, New York, New York.
Logue, James J May 16, 1916
Superintendent, Reserve Gas Company, 241 North River Ave-
nue, Weston, West Virginia.
Lohr, G. C May 18. 1916
Agent, The Bast Ohio Gas Company, 37 Main Street, Warren,
Ohio.
Long, W. A May 16, 1916
Foreman, Arkansas Natural Gas Company, Vivian, Louisiana.
Longnecker, W. C .May 16, 1911
Treasurer, Toledo Pipe Threading Machine Company, 1446 Sum-
mit Street, Toledo, Ohio.
Lord, R. 8 May 18, 1909
Vice President and Treasurer. Hope Engineering ft Supply
GompaiiTv Moont Vernon, Ohio.
Louis, Frank I May 21, 1912
District Manager, The National Supply Company of Kansas, 606
South Blwood Avenue, Tutoa, Oklahoma.
Leveland, Elmer May 18, 1909
superintendent, Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Company, 611 San-
dusky Avenue, Fremont, Ohio.
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486 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Loverld9«, Ouy H May 16, 1917
Cbief Clerk, Land Department, Iroquois Natural Gaa Oompany,
33 Inwood Place, Buffalo, New York.
Lowry, Frank M May 18, 1915
President and General Manager, Dominion Natural Qas Com-
pany, 842 Marine National Bank Building, Buffalo, New
York.
Luobecker, Paul May 16, 1917
Compressing Station Department, ManufActurers light & Heat
Company, 1417 Chaplin Street, Wheeling, West Virginia.
Lupher, Preston W May 18, 1908
Vice President, The Logan Natural Gas & Fuel Company, 34
Ruggery Building, Columbus, Ohio.
Luther, George M May 16, 1916
Foreman, The Manufacturers Light ft Heat Company, 802 Third
Street, Moundsville, West Virginia.
Lutz, Carl H May 15, 1917
Civil Engineer, Dominion Natural Gas Company, 842 Marine
National Bank Building, Buffalo, New York.
Lynch, G. D May 15, 1917
Stock Man, Dominion Natural Gas Company, 209 Washington
Avenue, Batavla, New York.
Lynn, James T May 21, 1907
President, National Gas, Electric Light & Power Company, 1714
Ford Building, Detroit, Michigan.
Lyon, J. F May 16, 1916
Meter Inspector, T. W. Phillips Gas and Oil Company, Butler,
Pennsylvania.
Lyon, M. P May 18, 1915
Oil and Gas Broker, Hotel Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Lytle M. E May 16, 1911
Superintendent, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 52 West Gay
Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Lytle, V. H May 16. 1916
Representative, American Manufacturing Company of Brooklyn,
New York, Box 504, Marietta, Ohio.
Macbeth, Alexander B May 21, 1907
Vice President and General Manager, Southern California Gas
Company, 805 Garland Building, Los Angeles, California.
Magrew, B. A May 16, 1916
Engineer, The Logan Natural Gas ft Fnel Company, 34 Rug-
gery Building, Columbus, Ohio.
Mahan, G. F May 21, 1907
Vice President, National Supply Company, of Kansas, Inde-
pendence, Kansas.
Mahoney, John T May 15, 1917
President, Commercial Oil Company, 17 Main Street, Buffalo,
New York.
Mallory, L. E May 21, 1912
Oil and Gas Business, L. Bl Mallory ft Son, Bradford, Penn-
sylvania.
Maloney, J. L May 15, 1917
District Superintendent, Central Ohio Gas ft Electric Company,
Box 390, Wooster, Ohio.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 487
Manley, H. E May 20, 191S
Clerk, Magnolia Petroleum ComxAny. 2806 Swiss Avenue, Dal-
las, Texas.
Manning, William E May 16, 1911
General Manager of Sales, Youngstown Sheet 4b Tube Oompaay,
StamlMiugh BuUding, Youngstown, Ohio.
Mansfield, J. P. May 20, 1918
Sliperlntendent, United Natural Gas CJompany, Van, Pennsyl-
vania.
Marckworth, W. C May 15, 1917
President and General Manager, Mountain State Gas Company,
Union Trust Building, Charleston, West Virginia.
Markley, Joseph C May 19, 1914
Treasurer, Southwestern Gas ft Mectric Company, 111 West
Monroe Street, Chicago, Illinois.
Marple, M. R May 1«, 1919
Storekeeper, ESquitable Gas Company, Twenty-third and Liberty
Streets, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Marquis, H. H May 16, 1917
Manager, Kane Supply Company, 17 Grooves Street, Kane,
Pennsylvania.
Marriott, W. J May 15, 1917
Foreman, Dominion Natural Gas Company, Limited, Gait, On-
tario, Canada.
Marston, Edgar J May 15, 1917
Treasurer, Texas ft Pacifle Coal Company, New York Office,
24 Broad Street, New York, New York, Thurber, Texas.
Martin. Edward P May 20, 1918
Agent, The ISast Ohio Gas Company, 124 North Chestnut Street,
Ravenna, Ohio.
Martin, F. W May 10, 1910
Agent, Hope Natural Gas Company, 710 Wells Street, Sisters-
ville, West Virginia.
Martin, Henry May 16, 1917
Oil Producer, J. W. Leonard Oil Company, 28 South Wade Ave-
nue, Washington, Pennsylvania.
Martin, James May 20, 1913
Superintendent, No. 2 Works, The East Ohio Gas Company,
Bast Sixty-second Street and L. S. ft M. S. R. R., Cleveland,
Ohio.
Martin, J. O May 16. 1916
Contracting Agent, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, 424
Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Martin, John May 20, 1918
President, Midway Gas Company, 832 Pine Street, Room 411,
San Francisco, California.
Mascho, Charles W May 20, 1918
Vice President, The National Supply Company, 136 Huron
Street, Toledo, Ohio.
Mason, Alphonso May 18, 1909
Representative, Welsbach Company, Gkmcester City, Neiw
Jersey.
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Google
488 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Muon, C. F May 21, 1967
Superintendent, The Western Distributing Company, Sedgrwick,
Kansas.
Mason, John F May 20, IWS
Superintendent of IMstribution, United Natural Gas Company,
308 Seneca Street, Oil City, Pennsylyania.
Mason, Sidney May 17, 1»10
President, Welsbach Company, 412 United Gas Improvement
Building, Broad and Arch Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania.
Matson, J. R May 20, 191S
Agent, The East Ohio Gas Company, 213 ESast Grant Street,
Dennlson, Ohio.
Maxon, Harry R May 18, 1915
Assistant to General Manager, Central Indiana Gas Company,
Munde, Indiana.
Maxon, John H May 18, 1909
President and General Manager, The Central Indiana Gas Com-
pany, 301 Bast Main Street, Munde, Indiana.
May, A. G May 16, 1916
217 Burris Street, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,
McAllister, L. P May 18, 1915
Bngineer, Columbia Gas ft Electric Company, Branchland, West
Virginia.
McBHde, R. 8 May 16, 1916
Associate Chemist, Bureau of Standards, Washington, District
of Columbia.
McCabe, John G May 16, 1916
Shop Foreman, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, 1919 Forbes
Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
McCalf, Edward P May 16, 1916
Drilling Contractor, C. W. McCall ft Company, Second Street,
Weston, West Virginia.
McCalmont, C. P May 20, 1913
Superintendent, Pennsylvania Gcui Company, 213 Second Street,
Warren, Pennsylvania.
McCandless, C. H May 20, 1913
District Manager, United and Globe Rubber Manufacturing
Companies, 914 Farmers Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Penn*
sylvania.
McCandless, H. E May 16, 1917
Clinton Pipe Pulling Company, 1306 Bdward Street, Cleve-
land, Ohio.
MeCandless, Harry M May 15, 1917
Agent, Clarion Gas Company, Clarion, Pennsylvania.
McCann, G. E May 16, 1917
Shop and Garage Foreman, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 486
Massachusetts Avenue, Buffalo, New York.
McCarthy, L. R May 16, 1917
Superintendent, (Hclahoma Natural Gas Company, 1011 North
Cheyenne Street, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 489
MoClelian, Arthur, May 1«, 191«
Superintendent of Construction, The Peoples Natural Qaa Com-
pany, 108 Orchard Street, Woodlawn, Pennsylyania.
McClollan, Joseph May 16, 1916
Orifice Meter Department, The Peoples Natural Qas Company,
424 Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
McClellan, W. C May 16, 1916
Shop Foreman, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, Race Street,
Manor, Pennsylvania.
McClintoek, C. A May 16, 1917
Division Fbreman, The Ektst Ohio Qas Company, St, Clairsville,
Ohio.
McClintoek, J. T May 18, 1915
President, Huntington Development ft Qas Company, 928 Third
Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia.
McCloskey, James P May 17, 1910
Superintendent, Columbia Qas ft Blectric Company, Tenth
Street and Third Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia.
McCloy, 8. D May 16, 1916
Contractor, Any Company, 323 Ridge Avenue, Cannonsburg, Penn-
sylvania.
MeCloy, W. L May 16, 1911
General Superintendent, Philadelphia Company, 435 Sixth Ave-
nue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
McCluney, 8. F May 15, 1917
Chief Production Department, Oklahoma Natural Qas Company,
531 North Cheyenne Street, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
McConnell, H. H May 16, 1916
Secretary and Treasurer, Pennsylvania Qas Company, 213 Sec-
ond Avenue, Warren, Pennsylvania.
McCord, J. W May 18, 1909
Secretary and General Manager, Clintonlan Fuel ft Oil Company,
511 National Bank ot Commerce Building, Columbus, Ohio,
McCormIck, Edward P May 16, 1916
Foreman, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 37 Church Street,
Buffalo, New York.
McCormick, J. H May 15, 1917
Representative, H. H. Mueller Manufacturing Company, Deca-
tur, Illinois.
McCormick, L. M May 15. 1917
Foreman, The East Ohio Gas Company, 37 Main Street, Warren,
Ohio.
McCrea, R. A May 16, 1911
Construction Engineer, Pittsburgh Valve, Foundry ft Construc-
tion Company, Box 1016, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
McCrimmon, J. E May 15, 1917
Leaser, Dominion Natural Qas Company, Limited, St. Thomas,
Ontario, Canada.
McCune, D. B May 15, 1917
Agent, The Natural Qas Company of West Virginia, 34 Garfield
Avenue, Salem, Ohio.
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Google
490 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
MeCune, 8. A May 21, 1912
Field Superintendent, Arkansas Natural Qas Company, Box 94,
Shreyepoit, Louisiana.
McDermott, J. H May 18, 1915
Vice President, Pentrass Natural Gas Ck>mpany, Morgantown,
West Virginia.
McDonald, Donald May 20, 19U
Vice President and General Manager, Louisville Gas & Electric
Company,, 311 West Cbestnut Street, Louisyille, Kentucky.
McDowell, C. O May 15, 1917
Superintendent, Kanawha Manufacturers QtM Company, 502
Shrewsbury Street, Charleston, West Virginia.
McDowell, Jesse Clark February 27, 1906
President, Dominion Natural Gas Company, 1320 Farmers Bank
Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
McGllvary, H. J May 16, 1916
Foreman, Pittsburgh ft West Virginia Gas Company, 150 High
Street, Weston, West Virginia.
McHenry, M. A May 16, 1917
Lease Superintendent, Medina Gas ft Fuel Company, Wooster,
Ohio.
Mclntyre, M May 16, 1916
President and General Manager, Gowanda Natural Gas Com-
pany, 28 Main Street, Gowanda, New York.
McKay, C. R May 18, 1915
Manager, Electrical Department, Union Gas ft Electric Com-
pany, Fourth and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Mcllhenny, John D May 17. 1910
President, Gas Company of Montgomery County (Norrlstown,
Pa.), 1339 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
MeKee, George R May 16, 1916
Foreman, Consolidated Gas Company, 436 Sixth Avenue, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
McKee, William May 17, 1910
Secretary, The Chaplin-Fulton Manufacturing Company, 23-24
Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
McKenzle, William Hunter February 27, 1906
General Manager, Wyandotte County Gas Company, Sixth and
Main Avenue, Kansas City, Kansas.
McKlmmie, J. E May 16, 1917
Purchasing Agent, Dominion Natural Gas Company, Limited,
842 Marine National Bank Building, Buffalo, New York.
McKlnney, C. B May 16, 1917
Vice President and General Manager, North Texas Gas Com-
pany, 406 Gandy Street, Denlson, Texas.
McKnIght, 8. C May 20, 1913
Agent, The East Ohio Gas Company, Barberton, Ohio.
McMahon, D. P May 16, 1917
Agent, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 37 Keneflck Avenue, Buf-
falo, New York.
McMahon, John May 20, 1918
Collector, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 69 Dash Avenue, Buf-
falo, New York.
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Google
TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 491
McMahon, John P May 18, 1915
Attorney, The Northwestern Ohio Gas Company, Spitzer Build-
ing, Toledo, Ohio.
McMahon, J. F May 20, 1913
Manager, Valley Natural Gas Ck>mpany, P. O. Box W, Bakers-
field, California.
McMahon, John J. May 20, 1913
Superintendent Main Lines, The East Ohio Gas Company, Can-
ton, Ohio.
McMahon, Jamea W May 18, 1909
General Manager, The Northwestern Ohio Natural Gas Com-
pany, 210-212 Huron Street, Toledo, Ohio.
McMasters, W. C May 16, 1916
Clerk, Pittsburgh, and West Virginia Gas Company, Clarksburg,
West Virginia.
McMillan, John May 20, 1913
Superintendent, The Portsmouth Gas Company, 802 ChlUicothe
Street, Portsmouth, Ohio.
McMillln, Emerw>n May 17, 1910
Chairman, Board of Directors, The American Ldght & Traction
Company, 120 Broadway, New York, New York.
McMunn, J. 8 May 16, 1916
District Foreman, Equitable Gas Company, 108 Oakmont Ave-
nue, Oakmont, Pennsylvania.
McNally, J. I May 18, 1915
Electrolysis Expert, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, 424
Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
McNary, John B May 18, 1915
Manager, Canadian Meter Company, 88-90 Caroline Street, Hamil-
ton, Ontario, Canada.
McNary, J. F May 19, 1914
Division Superintendent, Philadelphia Company of West Vir-
ginia, Union Bank Building, Clarksburg, West Virginia.
McNary, L. J May 16, 1916
Foreman, Reserve Gas Company, 343 North River Avenue,
Weston, West Virginia.
McPherson, Edwin Allan May 15, 1917
302 Iroquois Building, Buffalo, New York.
Meals, 8. W May 16, 1911
Division Superintendent, Carnegie Natural Gas Company, 320
Eighth Street, Moundsville, West Virginia.
Mead, Carl D May 16, 1916
Secretary-Treasurer, THie Cadiz Gas Company, 114 North Main
Street, Cadiz, Ohio.
Machesney, C. A May 16, 1916
Engineer, Equitablle Gas Company, 436 Sixth Avenue, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
Meredith, George B ....May 16, 1916
Foreman. Hope Natural Gas Company, Smithfleld, West Vir-
ginia.
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Google
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Mellon, Porter D May 20» 191S
Engineer, Calgary Qas Comikanjr, Limited, 215 Sixth Arenue,
West Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Merket, Joaeph May 18, 1916
Superintendent, The Texas Company, Natural Gtes Department,
Box 298, Moran, Texas.
Merrill, Edwin C ......May 21, 1912
Manufacturer, 2916 Smallman Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylyania.
Mettlerp Lee B........ ........June 12, 190«
Representative, American Water Heater Company, 217 Title
Guaranty Building, St. Louis, Missouri.
Metz, Eugene Jr .June 12, 1906
Representative, Metric Metal Works, 1003 Commerce Building,
Kansas City, Missouri.
Meyerp Frank J May 16, 1916
Superintendent Gas Department, Oklahoma Gas ft Electric
Company, 12 North Broadway, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Michel, F. M May 16. 1916
Foreman, United Natural Gas Company, 119 West Weber Ave-
nue, DuBois, Pennsylvania.
MIckley, M. A . . .May 18. 1909
Agent, The Marlon Gtes Company, 238 East Center Street, Ma-
rion, Ohio.
Miller, Alien 8 May 21, 1912
Vice President, Humphreys ft Miller, Inc., 166 Broadway, New
York, New York.
Miller, B. L May 18, 1915
United Natural Gas Company, Tldioute, Pennsylvania.
Miller, Carroll May 21, 1912
General Manager, Western United Gas ft Electric Company,
36 Lincoln Way, Aurora, HUnois.
Miller, D. F May 16, 1917
Superintendent, EMgar M. Moore ft Company, 709 Farmers
Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Miller, E. 8 May 21, 1912
Superintendent Gas Department, Kansas Gas ft Electric Com*
pany, 239 South Main Street, Wichita, Kansas.
Miller, Fred A .May 19, 1909
President and General Manager, S. R. Dresser Mfg. Company,
64 Boyeston Street, Bradford, Pennsylvania.
Miller, H. Q ..May 18, 1916
Agent, The Granville Fuel ft Light Company, P. O. Box 473,
Granville, Ohio.
Miller, J. A. W . . ..... .May 16, 1917
Assistant Superintendent, Pittsburgh, Plate Glass Company,
Ford City, PennsylTaala.
Miller, L. L.. .....May 16, 1916
Foreman, Fayette County Gas Company, Walnut Street, Unloii-
town, Pennsylvania.
Miller, R. R May 16, 1916
Chief Clerk, Allegheny Heating Company, 603 West Diamond
Street, North Side, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Google
TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
Miller, WililMii A ..May 18. 1909
ISngliieer, National Chamber Oven ComxAny, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Milne, D. 8 May 18, 1916
Manager, Central Indiana Ohm Company, Adams and Fifth
Streets, Marlon, Indiana.
Milne, W. E May 18, 1915
Manager, Gainesville Qas 4b Blectric Company, 12 South Rusk
Street, Gainesville, Texas.
Miner, Fred W ......May 18, 1909
Representative, The National Supply Company, 1306 Union
Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Mitchell, C. 8 .May 16, 1911
Controller, Philadelphia Company, 435 Sixth Avenue, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
MItoheli, J. Wylle. ... May 18, 1916
Superintendent of Distribution, St Joseph Gas Company, 802
Francis Street, St Joseph, Missouri.
Moeller, William, Jr May 19, 1908
Chief ESnglneer, Midway Gas Company, P. O. Box N, Taft, Cali-
fornia.
Montgoniery, J. H May 18, 1915
The Natural Gas Company of West Virginia, 96 Garfield Ave-
nue, Salem, Ohio.
Montgomery, M. D May 16, 1917
Foreman, Ingersoll Gas Light Company, Liimlted, IngersoU, On-
tario, Canada.
Moore, Calvin T .May 16, 1917
Geologist, Henry L. Doherty & Company, Box 35, Winchester,
Kentucky.
Moore, Edgar M May 18, 1916
Edgar M. Moore & Company, 809-810 Farmers Bank Building,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Moore, Lee C May 16, 1911
President, Lee C. Moore ft Company, 313 Sixth Avenue, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
Moran, P. A .May 16, 1916
District Foreman, ESqultable Gas Company, 17th and Wharton
Streets, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Morgan, W. J May 16, 1911
Agent, East Ohio Gas Company, 404 Tuscarawas Street, West
Canton, Ohio.
Morris, Henry C May 17, 1910
General Manager, The Dallas Gas Company, 1716 Commerce
Street, Dallas, Texas.
Morse, Nathan L. ....... ...May 16, 1916
Purchasing Agent, Southern California Gas Company, 740 Sbuth
Broadway, Los Angeles, California.
Mowry, John May 16, 1916
Foreman, Hope Natural Gas Company, Clay Street, Clarksburg,
West Ybiilnla.
Mueller, Fred B June 12, 1906
Vice President, H. Mueller Manufacturing Company, Decatur,
Illinois.
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Google
494 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Mulkln, P. L May 20, 1913
Agent, United Natural Oas Company, Oil City, PennsylTania.
Muncer John Ruseail . . .May 16, 1911
Vice President and General Manager, Arkansas Natural Qas
Company, 1115 State Bank Building, Little Rock, Arkansas.
Munro, Robert June 12, 190S
Vice President and General Manager, Century Store and Manu-
facturing Company, Dupont Place and Park Arenue, Johns-
town, Pennsylyania.
Munro, W. Lome May 16, 1916
Auditor, Dominion Natural Gas Company, Main Street, Buffalo,
New York.
Murray, John J........... May 16, 1911
Superintendent City Diyision, Equitable Gas Company, 436
Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Murray, M. J May 16, 1917
Foreman, Bast Ohio Gas Company, 603 East 127th Street, Cleve-
land, Ohio.
Murphy, 8. F ....... .May 16, 1916
Foreman, United Natural Gas Company, Halsey, Mt. Jewett
P. O., Pennsylvania.
Murtaugh, James May 16, 1916
Field Superintendent, Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 760 East
Main Street, Lancaster, Ohio.
Myers, E. E May 16, 1916
Agent, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, New Kensington,
Pennsylvania.
Nash, John J .May 18, 1915
General Manager, Huntington Development ft Gas Company,
1428 Seventh Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia.
Nash, Raymond J.... May 16, 1916
Foreman, Huntington Development ft Gas Company, 928 Third
Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia.
Near, C. J. May 15, 1917
Foreman, The Union Natural Gas Company, Essex, Ontario,
Canada.
Near, W. W. . . . . . . . May 19, 1914
President, Page-Hersey Iron, Tube ft Land Company, Limited,
6603 Dominion Bank Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Neely, ira L. ...... . .May 16, 1916
Superintendent, The Medina Gas ft Fuel Company, Wooster,
Obio.
Neely, Lemon G. May 18, 1909
President, The Berea Pipe Line Company, Saint Marys, Ohio.
Nelson, H. E ........May 16, 1917
ESngineer, Manufacturers Gas Company, Erdice, Jefferson
County, Pennsylvania.
Nestor, J. F. May 16, 1916
Chief Engineer, Manufacturers Light ft Heat Company, 1417
Chaplin Street, Wheeling, West Vii^nia.
Nestor, W. E. . . . .May 20, 1913
Bbgineer, Manufacturers Light ft Heat Company, Waynesburg,
Pennsylvania.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 496
NewhouM^ B. Frank May 16, 1916
S'ervioe Clerk, Union Oaa & Blectiic Company, Southwest Cor-
nor Fourth and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Newman, A. J May 16, 1916
General Auditor, Union Natural €his Corporation, Union Bank
Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Newton, M. A May 16, 1916
Industrial Engineer, Logan Natural Gas & Fuel Company, 34
Buggery Building, Columbus, Ohio.
Newton, Nelson A .May 18, 1915
E^ffidency E3nglneer, The Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Company,
34 Buggery Building, Columbus, Ohio.
Nlckerson, Henry B. . . . .May 15, 1917
Secretary, American Steam Gauge ft Valve Mfg. Company, 208-
220 Camden Street (Mall Address, Box 128, Back Bay P.
O. Boston, Massachusetts), Boston, Massachusetts.
NIcoM, Thomas. ....... .May 19, 1914
Treasurer, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, 424 Sixth Ave-
nue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Nicholson, French .... ..... .May 16, 1916
Foreman, Hope Natural Gas Company, Bridgeport, West Vir-
ginia.
Nole, E. P ... .May 16, 1916
Field Foreman, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, Belle Ver-
non, Pennsylvania.
Norrls, Henry 8. ...... . . . .May 20, 1913
Secretary, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, Iroquois Building,
Buffalo, New York.
Norrls, Rollln .May 21. 1907
Superintendent of Works, United Gas Improvement Company,
Broad and Arch Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Northcott, G. A. ......... . May 18, 1915
Treasurer, Huntington, Development ft Gas Company, 928 Third
Avenue, Huntington. West Virginia.
Northup, Charles 8 May 17, 1915
Attorney, The Northwestern Ohio Natural Gas Company, Spit-
zer Building, Toledo, Ohio.
Norton, Charles I . . .May 20, 1913
Manager, George C. Moon Company, Inc., 486 The Arcade,
Cleveland, Ohio.
Nutt, E. Burt May 16, 1916
Auditor, Blast Ohio Gas Company, East Ohio Gas Building, 1405
East Sixth Street, Cleveland, Ohio.
Cakes, W. L May 20, 1913
Chief Teller, The Bast Ohio Gas Company, 1405 Bast Sixth
Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.
Oberfell, George G .May 16, 1916
Chemist, Ohio Fuel Supply Company, Homer, Ohio.
O'Brien, Thomas F. . . . May 16, 1916
Agent, United Fuel Gas Company, Church Street, Spencer, West
Virginia.
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Google
496 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
O'Brian, T. F May 19, 1»14
Superintendent, The Texas Comi»any, Natural Gas Department,
Drawer 44, Shrereport, Louisiana.
O'Brien, WiiHam May 19, 1914
President, O'Brien Steel Construction Company, Washington,
Pennsylranla.
O'Conner T. M May 20 1918
Foreman, The Btot Ohio Gas Company, 6411 Central Arenue,
Clereland, Ohio.
O'Day, John J May 16, 1916
Agent, The Manufacturers Light & Heat Company, Coraopolis,
Pennsylvania.
Odenkirk, H. B May 16, 1916
Developer of Oil and Gas, Bast Liberty Street, Wooster, Ohio.
O'Donnell, John L May 19, 1908
The Hanna Oil Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
O'Leary, Dennis May 20, 1913
Chief Ekigineer, Pennsylvania Gas Company, Lodlow, Pennsyl-
vania.
Oliphant, Bert C May 21. 1912
President, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 37 Church Street,
Buffalo, New York.
Ollphant, F. H May 15, 1917
Assistant Ekigineer, Iroquois Natural Ckis Company, 812 Auburn
Avenue, Buffalo, New York.
Olmstead, J. F May 16, 1916
Superintendent of Distribution, Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Com-
pany, 34 Buggery Building, Columbus, Ohio.
Oliver, C. E May 20, 1918
Chief, Pressure Department, United Natural Gas Company, 206
Seneca Street, Oil City, Pennsylvania.
OIney, George L 6 May 15, 1917
Superintendent Building Construction, The Bast Ohio Gas Com-
pany, 1405 Ekist Sixth Street, Cleveland, Ohio.
O'Neill, Charles May 21, 1907
Superintendent of Distribution, Webb City ft Cartervllle Gas
Company, Carthage Gas Company, Webb City, Missouri.
Ossenbeck, Fred J May 21, 1912
Secretary-Treasurer, The Ardizzone Company, 507-508 Bliss
Building, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Ostermaier, John May 16, 1916
District Foreman, Equitable Gas Company, 23rd Street and
Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Ostrye, Peter L May 16. 1916
Superintendent, Meter Department, East Ohio Gas Company,
Hendon Avenue, West Park, Cleveland, Ohio.
Painter, Jay C May 15, 1917
Cashier, Oklahoma Natural Gas Company, Pioneer Building.
Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Palm, C. J May 16, 1916
Superintendent, Lease Department, Logan Natural Gas Com-
pany, 34 Buggery Building, Columbus, Ohio.
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Google
TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 4»7
Palm«r, J. F liay IG, 1916
General Superintendent, Arkanaas Natural Qas Company, 2746
Fairfield Avenue, Shreveport, Louisiana.
Palmer, W. M May 18, 1916
District Superintendent, Caddo Division, Southwestern Gas ft
Electric Company, 116 Texas Street, Shreveport, Louisiana.
Paris, A. J. Jr May 16, 1916
Treasurer and General Manager, Felt Gas Compressing Com-
pany, Bradford, Pennsylvania.
Parker, John F June 12, 1906
Sales Manager, Bkslipse Gas Stove Company, 707 South Main
Street, Rockford, Illinois.
Parks, R. N May 18, 1916
Gasoline and Meter Bnglneer, United Fuel Gas Company, Quar-
rier Street, Charleston, West Virginia.
Parr, Adrian T May 16. 1917
Safety Inspector, Henry L. Doherty ft Company, 428 North
Bever Street, Wooster, Ohio.
Patterson, A. B May 19, 1914
Manager, New York Belting Packing Company, 420 First Ave-
nue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Patterson, William M May 18, 1909
In Charge of Pipe Department, Frick Lindsay Company, 109
Wood Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Pattlnson, R. L May 19, 1914
President, Medina Natural Gas Company, 29 Fifth Street, Chat-
ham, Ontario, Canada.
Payne, A. I May 21, 1912
Consulting Gas Ehigineer, P. O. Box 671, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada.
Payne, Christy May 18, 1916
Attorney and Secretary, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, 424
Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Payne, Francis H May 20, 1913
Manager, Metric Metal Works, Post Ol&ce Box 710, Brie, Penn-
sylvania.
Pearson, C. A May 16, 1917
Master Mechanic, United Natural Gas Company, Oil City, Penn-
sylvania.
Pearson, H. B May 19, 1914
General Superintendent, The Canadian Western Natural Gas,
light, Heat ft Power Company, Limited, 216 Sixth Avenue,
West, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Peddicord, T. B May 19, 19X5
Foreman, Pittsburgh ft West Virginia Gas Company, S82 Broad-
dus Avenue, Clarksburg, West Virginia.
Penhale, J. W May 18, 1916
Superintendent, United Fuel Gas Company, Quarrier Street,
Charleston, West Virginia.
Perdue, J. L. May 16, 1916
Superintendent, Compressing Department, United Fuel Gas
Company, Charleston, West Virginia.
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Google
4»8 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
P«rry, E. R May 15, 1917
Cosden Oil & Gas Company, Tulsa, Oklaboma.
Perry, J. 8 May 16, 1916
Oas Produoer, Brighton Hotel, Washington, D. C.
Pew, James G May 16, 1916
Superintendent, The Peoples Natural Oas Ck>mpany, 424 Sixth
Arenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Pew, John Q May 20, 1913
President, The Peoples Natural Oas Company, 424 Sixth Ave-
nue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Phillips, C. C May 18, 1916
Chief Clerk, Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 52 West Oay Street,
Columbus, Ohio.
Phillips, D. H May 15, 1917
Agent, Potter Gas Company, Port Allegheny, Pennsylvania.
Phillips, Henry T May 16, 1916
Oas Magazine, Service Publishing Company, 179 East Long
Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Pick, Earle May 16, 1916
Agent, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, 448 Walnut Avenue,
Greensburg, Pennsylvania.
Plagenz, George W May 18, 1916
Secretary to Secretary-Treasurer, The Bast Ohio Gas Company,
1405 Bast Sixth Street, Cleveland, Ohio.
Poole, C. J May 16, 1916
Agent, Fayette County Gas Company, 302 South Pittsburgh
Street, Connellsville, Pennsylvania.
Pope, Worden May 16, 1916
EIngineer, Henry L. Doherty ft Company, 60 Wall Street, New
York, New York.
Porterfleld, Harry May 16 1916
Shop F\>reman, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, 707 Center
Street, Wllkinsburg, Pennsylvania.
Porterfleld, R. M May 16, 1916
Inspector, Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 52 West Gay Street,
Columbus, Ohio.
Powers, Nicholas May 16. 1916
Oil and Gas Well Contractor, Powers Brothers, Fairmont, West
Virginia.
Pratt, Charles E May 16, 1916
Foreman, Bquitable Gas Company, 435 Sixth Avenue, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
Pratt, Edward Q May 21, 1912
Consulting and Managing Gas Engineer, 122 South Michigan
Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.
Preeho, A. A May 16, 1917
Agent, Potter Gas Company, Westfleld, Pennsylvania.
President May 18, 1916
Direccion General Explotadon del Petroleo de Comodore
Rivadava, 278 Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentine.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 499
Preston, 8. C May 16, 1916
Chief Engineer, The Peoples Natural Gas Ck>mpany, 424 Sixth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Price, W. W May 18, 1909
President, Dayton Pipe Coupling Company, E3dmun Street, Day-
ton, Ohio.
Prior, Charles J May 20, 1913
Assistant to Manager, Metric Metal Works, 339 East 7th Street,
Erie, Pennsylvania.
Prill, H. M May 15, 1917
Cashier, Warren ft Chautauqua Gas Company, 235 Pennsylvania
Avenue, West, Warren, Pennsylvania.
Prlngle, R. 8 May 15, 1917
Manager, Pringle Powder Company, 139 Main Street, Bradford,
Pennsylvania.
Pryor, F. B May 16, 1911
Secretary, Fairmont Gas and Light Company, Jefferson Street,
Fftirmont, West Virginia.
Purdy, J. 8. L May 19, 1914
General Manager, The Pavillion Natural Gas Company, 68 Main
Street, LeRoy, New York.
Pyzel, E. D May 17, 1910
Gas Engineer, Heerengracht 141-145, Amsterdam, Holland.
Quay, H. A May 18, 1915
District Manager, Manufacturers Light ft Heat Company, Co-
lumbia Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Quinlan, P. J May 16, 1916
Shop Foreman, The River Gas Company, 228 Third Street Ma-
rietta, Ohio.
Quinlln, Ambrose J May 20, 1913
General Foreman, The Bast Ohio Gas Company, 1405 East
Sixth Street, Cleveland, Ohio.
Rae, A. B May 20, 1913
Foreman, The East Ohio Gas Company, 4706 Lorain Avenue,
Cleveland, Ohio.
Ralph, Charles A May 18, 1915
Ralph Brothers, Aspinwall, Pennsylvania.
Ratston, William 8 May 18, 1909
Vice-President, Chaplin-Fulton Manufacturing Company, 34
Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Ramage, J. R May 16, 1916
Gas Salesman, Louisville Gas ft Electric Company, 311 West
Chestnut Street, Louisville, Kentucky.
Ramsey, E. C May 15, 1917
Ihigineer in Charge of Field Pressure, Ohio Fuel Supply Com-
pany, 52 West Gay Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Randolph, Ernest May 19, 1914
Oil and Gas Operator, 510 Goff Building, Clarksburg, West Vir-
ginia.
Randolph, M. D May 16, 1916
Manager, Arkansas Natural Gas Company, Pine Bluff, Arkansas.
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Google
500 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Rankin, Harvey May 1«, 191«
Head Leaaeman, The Peoplea Natural Gas Ck>mpany, 424 Sixth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennaylyanla.
RatcIlM, George L May 16, 191€
Agent, Hie Peoples Natural Gas Company, Woodlawn, Pennsyl-
vania.
Ralcllffe, Qeorge W May 21, 1912
Treasurer, Manufacturers light & Heat Company, 248 Fourth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Reekard, G. H May is, 1216
Purchasing Agent, The Miller Supply Company, Huntington,
West Virginia.
RedlCp 8amuel May 16, 1911
Representative, Spang & Company, Butler, Pennsylvania.
Reed, Charles G May 16, 1916
Construction Engineer, Hope Natural Gas Company, Despard
Clarksburg, West Virginia.
Reed, F. L May 16, 1916
Agent, The River Gas Company, 324 Fourth Street, Marietta,
Ohio.
Reed, Ira B May 15, 1917
Assistant Secretary and Treasurer, Iroquois Natural Gas Com-
pany, 214 Hoyt Street, Buffalo, New York.
Reed, J. A May 16, 1911
Assistant General Superintendent, Philadelphia Company, 436
Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Reed, James H May 16, 1916
President, Philadelphia Company, 436 Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.
Reed, J. H. Jr May 16, 1911
General Purchasing Agent, Philadelphia, 4S5 Sixth Avenue,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Reed, N. W May 16, 1916
Agent, Clarion Gas Company, 613 Main Street, Clarion, Pennsyl-
vania.
Reel, W. G May 16, 1916
Contractor, Oil and Gas Wells, Kenycm Avenue, West View,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Reeser, E. B May 20, 1918
General Manager, Potter Gas Company, Farmers Bank Building,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Reeser, F. B May 18, 1915
The Miami Valley Gas & Fuel Company, Plqua, Ohio.
Reeaer, Harry C May 17, 1910
Assistant to the President, Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 2017
Farmers Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Reeser, J. W May 19, 1914
General Superintendent, United Fuel Gas Company, 617 Sixth
Street, Huntington, West Virginia.
Reichel, C. D May 20, 1913
Information and Complaint Clerk, The Union Gas ft Blectric
Company, Fourth and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 501
Reichert, Win May 16, 1916
Shop Foreman, The Peoples Natural Oas Company, Wilklns-
burg, Pennsylvania.
Relley, D. M May 16, 1917
Charge of Display Room, Iroquois Natural Qas Company, 548
North Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, New York.
Reiser, Charles L May 16, 1917
Station Bmgineer, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, Collins Cen-
ter, New York.
Remler, J. E May 15, 1917
Superintendent, Compressor Station, Kansas Gas Company, In-
dependence, Kansas.
Renick, J. D .' May 16, 1916
Inspector, Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Company, 34 Ruggery
Building, Columbus, Ohio.
Reul, William H May 20, 1913
Superintendent Fitting Department, The Union Gas & Electric
Company, Fourth and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Reynolds, H. C May 17, 1910
Sole Owner, Reynolds Gas Regulator Company, 1019 Delaware
Street, Anderson, Indiana.
Rich, A. R May 18, 1915
Superintendent, The Ohio Cities Gas Company, West Virginia
Division, Dawes, Kanawha County, West Virginia.
Rich, Edward B May 16, 1911
President, University Oil Company, P. O. Box 628, Parkersburg,
West Virginia.
Rich, Fred 8 May 18, 1915
President, Crude Oil Company, Oil City, Pennsylvania.
Richards, W. H May 16. 1916
Treasurer, Potter Gas Company, Port Allegheny, Pennsylvania.
Richie, J. A May 16, 1917
Secretary-Treasurer, Dominion Natural Gas Company, Limited,
842 Marine Bank Building, Buffalo, New York.
Richter, William F May 16, 1916
Foreman, Fayette County Gas Company, Painter Street, South
McConnellsviUe, Pennsylvania.
Riddle, Qeorge B May 18, 1916
Superintendent, The Natural Gas Company of West Virginia,
1226 Chaplin Street, Wheeling, West Virginia.
RIdgway, J. L May 16, 1916
Field Foreman, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, Brave,
Pennsylvania.
Rlgg% D. B May 18, 1916
Foreman, Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 736 Fountain Square,
Zanesville, Ohio.
RIggs, Ross May 19, 1914
Field Foreman, Northeastern Oil ft Gas Company, R. D. No. 1,
Jefferson, Ohio.
RIley, Qeorge N May 16, 1911
Bkiglneer, National Tube Company, Frick Building, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.
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Google
602 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Ripley, L. O May 21, 1912
Vice President and General Manager, Kansas Oas ft Electric
Company, 237-239 South Main Street, Wichita, Kansas.
Roberts, C. C May 16, 1916
Superintendent, Southern Ontario Gas Company, 41 Queen
Street, St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada.
RoberU, M. J May 15, 1917
Meter Tester, Beaver Oil & Gas Company, Limited, KingsYille,
Ontario, Canada.
Roberts, W. T May 16, 1916
Inspector, Arkansas Natural Gas Company, Little Rock, Ai^
kansas.
Robertson, D May 16, 1916
Treasurer, Pittsburgh Oil ft Gas Company, 1005 Farmers Bank
Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Robertson, D. 8 May 16, 1916
Superintendent, Jantha Light ft Fuel Company, Greenville, Ohio.
Robertson, John D May 21, 1912
Owner and Producer, Jacksonville, Illinois.
Robertson, W. A May 15, 1917
Field Man, Clear Creek Oil ft Gas Company, 400 Garrison Ave-
nue, Ft. Smith, Arkansas.
Robinson, Edwin May 18, 1915
Secretary-Treasurer, West Virginia Natural Gas Association,
Jacobs Building, Fairmont, West Virginia.
Roblneon, E. Jr May 20, 1913
Superintendent Slipplies, Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 52 West
Gay Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Robinson, L. E May 21, 1912
General Manager, The Robinson Packer and Machine Company,
141 Spruce Street, Coffeyville, Kansas.
Roby, H. P , . . .May 15, 1917
Assistant Secretary-Treasurer, Interstate Pipe Company, 1523
Oliver Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Rockwell, C. O May 20, 1913
Superintendent, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 207 East Bur-
gess Street, Mt. Vernon, Ohio.
Rodgers, Edward H May 19, 1908
President, Standard Meter Company, 3112 North 17th Street,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Rogers, Homer R May 18, 1909
Agent, The Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Company, Tiffin, Ohio.
Rogers, W. J May 16, 1916
General Solicitor, Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Company, 34 Rug-
gery Building, Columbus, Ohio.
Romano, M May 16, 1916
Labor Supplied for Gas Companies, 119 Shetland Avenue, B. E..
Pittsburgh, Pennsylrania.
Rooney, E. 8 May 18, 1909
District Sales Agent, The Toungstown Sheet ft Tube Company,
1626 Oliver Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 508
RoMp W. J May 20, 1913
Manager, AUlance Oaa ft Power ComvBJOj, Alliance, Ohio.
Rothert, E. R May 18, 1916
Solicitor, Union Gas ft Electric Comi>any, Fourth and Plum
Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Rowan, Raymond C May 15, 1917
Secretary to Vice President, The Union Gas ft SSectric Com-
pany, Fourth and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Rowland, Wiliard J May 16, 1911
President, Creek County Gas Company, 1913 First National
Banlc Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Rudert, Emil May 16, 1917
Contractor, Sazonburg, Pennsylvania.
Rumbaugh, G. N May 16, 1916
229 South Poplar Street, Wichita, Kansas.
Rupp, C. H May 18, 1916
Assistant Treasurer, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, 424
Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Rush, Albert May 15, 1917
Contractor, Manufacturers Light ft Heat Company, Waynes-
burg, Pennsylvania.
Russell, C. H , May 15, 1917
Chief Station Engineer, United Gas Company, R. F. D. No. 1,
Mt Jewett, Pennsylvania.
Russell, 0. W May 18, 1915
Superintendent, Ardmore City Gas Company, 220 West Main
Street, Ardmore, Oklahoma.
Russum, R. C May 15, 1917
Secretary-Treasurer, Quapaw Gas Company, 1st National Banlc
Building, BartlesviUe, Oklahoma.
Rutz, A. O .May 16, 1916
General Manager, Milwaukee Gas Specialty Company, 13c3 Sec-
ond Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Ryan, E. M May 16, 1917
Chief Gas Ledger Bookkeeper, Iroquois Natural Gas Company,
185 Hamburg Street, Buffalo, New York.
Ryan, J. L May 16, 1917
Agent, Salamanca, New York, Iroquois Natural Gas Company,
SUamanca, New York.
Ryan, W. Q May 16, 1916
Oil and Gas Producer, 322 Wellington Street, Chatham, On-
tario, Canada.
Sackett, Edward May 16, 1916
Meter Engineer, United Fuel Gas Company, Quarrier Street,
Charleston, West Virginia.
Saeoer, E. L May 16, 1917
Foreman, East Ohio Gas Company, Barberton, Ohio.
Sands, Louis I May 18, 1909
Vice President, The Oil Well Supply Company, 215 Water
Street, Pittsbure^^ Pennsylvania.
Sarohet, A. C May 16, 1911
Agent, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 142 North 9th Street,
Cambridge, Ohio.
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Google
504 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Sargent, R. N May 15, 1»17
Works Manager, The Rx>e88ler ft Hasalacher Chemical Ck>m-
pany, St Albans, West Virginia.
Sartorius, F May 16. 1917
Treasurer, United Natural Gas Company, 308 Seneca Street,
Oil City, Pennsylvania.
••ul, Mlit May 18, 1915
Editor, Gas Record, Monadnock Block, Chicago, Illinois.
de Saulles, C. A. H May 19, 1908
American Smelting and Refining Company, 165 Broadway,
New York, New York.
Schaffer, Hoae May 16, 1916
Foreman, The Manufacturers Light ft Heat Company, Wash-
ington, Pennsylvania.
Schaiek, John H May 16, 1916
Meter Tester and Repairman, Manufacturers Light ft Meat
Company, Millbridge and Manton Streets, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.
Sohail, Henry D May 17, 1910
Assistant to Vice-President, Detroit Stove Works, 1320^0 Jef-
ferson Avenue, Detroit, Michigan.
Schatzal, G. P May 16, 1916
Agent, Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Company, 114 West Front
Street, Flndlay, Ohio.
Schauer, Frank F May 21, 1912
Assistant Engineer, Kansas City, Gas Company, 910 Grand Ave-
nue, Kansas City, Missouri.
Scheil, Qeorge W May 17, 1910
Mayerstown, Lob. County, Pennsylvania.
Schell, W. F May 18, 1916
Mechanical Engineer, Philadelphia Company, 436 Sixth Avenue,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Schlaudecker, E. M May 20, 1913
Agent, Pennsylvania Gas Company, 312-314 Cherry Street,
Jamestown, New York.
Schlosaer, A. J Bfay 16, 1916
Chief Engineer, Station Department, Potter Gas Company, Box
237, Shlnglehouse, Pennsylvania.
Schmidt, Elmer F May 18. 1915
Assistant Engineer, The Ohio F^iel Supply Company, 52 West
Gay Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Schneider, M. C May 19, 1914
Assistant to General Superintendent, Philadelphia Company,
436 Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Schwarm, C. A May 21, 1907
General Manager, Corpus Christ! Gas Company, Corpus Chrisiti,
Texas.
Scott, G. C May 18. 1909
Secretary-Treasurer, The Columbus Gas ft Fuel Company, 135
North Front Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Scott, John Milton May 18, 1909
Secretary and Treasurer, Kansas City Gas Company, 910' Grand
Avenue, Kansas City, Missouri.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 505
Scott, W. H. May 16, 1911
Teller, The North-western Ohio Natural Gas Company, 210-
212 Huron Street, Toledo, Ohio.
9covllie, James May 15, 1917
Foreman, The Ektst Ohio Gas Company, 19-21 North High
Street, Akron, Ohio.
Scratch, Qeorge May 16, 1917
Foreman, Beaver Oil ft Gas Company, Limited, Klngsvllle, On-
tario, Canada.
Searle, Robert Meredith May 21, 1912
Vice-President, Rochester Railway & Light Company, 34 Clin-
ton Avenue, North, Rochester, New York.
Secrest, M. F May 16, 1916
Fbreman, Arkansas Natural Gas Company, Hope, Arkansas.
Sedberry, W. H May 16, 1911
Manager, Marshall Gas Company and Louisiana-Texas Natural
Gas Company, Rusk and Bolivar Streets, Marshall, Texas.
Seeger, Robert May 21, 1907
District Manager, Welsbach Street Lighting Company of
America, 704 Laclede Gas Building, Saint Louis, Missouri.
Seep, Joseph May 15, 1917
President, Central Kentucky National Gas Company, Oil City,
Pennsylvania.
Seibel, John May 16. 1911
Night Watchman, Logan Natural Gas & Fuel Company, 612
North Cory Street, Flndlay, Ohio.
Seyffert, L. A May 20 , 1913
Treasurer, United Fuel Gas Company, Box 1256, Charleston,
West Virginia.
Shade, R. S May 19, 1914
Assistant Superintendent Main Lines and Distribution, Kansas
Naturarl Gas Company, 201 . Second Street, Independence,
Kansas.
Shafer, F May 15, 1917
Superintendent, Southern California Gas Company, Garland
Building, Los Angeles, California.
Shaffer, D. C May 18, 1916
Superintendent Distribution, Union Light, Heat ft Power Com-
pany, Court and Park Place, Covington, Kentucky.
Shannon, Ogden K May 17, 1910
Manager, The Fort Worth Gas Company, Eleventh and Throck-
morton Street, Fort Worth, Texas.
Shattuck, Jay R May 15, 1917
Chief Clerk, Chart Department, Iroquois Natural Gas Company,
205 Carolina Street, Buffalo, New York.
Shaw, S. T May 16, 1916
Agent, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, 343 Main Street,
Latrobe, Pennsylvania.
Shay, J. W May 16, 1916
President, Greensboro Gas Company, 248 Fourth Avenue, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
Shear, Robert May 16, 1911
Secretary, Home Gas Company, Mt. Morris, Pennsylvania.
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Google
506 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
8lM«t% William L May 16, 1916
Clerk, Pittsburgh ft West Virginia Ckts Ck>mpan7, 608 West Cen-
ter Street, Weston, West Virginia.
Shenker, A. B Hay 15, 1917
MoTing Contractor, Shenker & Shenker, West Park, Ohio.
Sheppard, John C May 16, 1911
Superintendent, Chaplin-Fulton Manufacturing Company, 28*34
Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Shepard, W. H May 19, 1908
Treasurer and Manager, Coffesrville Gas & Fuel Company, 112
West Eighth Street, Coffeyville, Kansas.
Sherlock, Amy (Miss) May 20, 1913
Assistant Secretary, Union Gas & Electric Company, Fourth
and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Shiebler, Marvin May 17, 1910
Consulting Gas Engineer, 80 Broadway, New York, New York.
Shinnick, Qeorge 8 May 16, 1916
Commercial Manager, Columbus Gas ft Fuel Company, 135
North Front Street, Columbus, Ohio.
8*»ort, C. L May 16, 1917
Superintendent, Boone Territory, Mountain State Gas Company,
P. O. Box "P," Peytona, West Virginia.
Shoub, John F May 20, 1913
Secretary, The Delaware Gas Company, 68 North Sandusky
Street, Delaware, Ohio.
Shpiver, Ed May 15. 1917
Foreman, East Ohio Gas Company, 127 North Chestnut Street,
Ravenna, Ohio.
Shulters, Hoyt V May 21, 1912
Secretary and Treasurer, The East Ohio Gas Company, 1405
Skist Sixth Street, Cleveland, Ohio.
Sllliman, L. R May 16, 1916
District Foreman, Equitable Gas Company, Tarentum, Pennsyl-
vania.
8llva, Albert May 18, 1915
Secretary-Treasurer, The Union Light, Heat ft Power Company,
Covington, Kentucky.
Simmons, L. M May 20, 1913
Agent, United Natural Gas Company, Du Bois, Pennsylvania.
Simmons, W. P May 16, 1916
Agent, The Manufacturers Light & Heat Company, 61 East
Wheeling Street, Washington, Pennsylvania.
Simpson, J. M May 18, 1915
Assistant Purchasing Agent, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company,
2017 Farmers Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Sinclair, E. W May 21, 1907
President, Exchange National Bank, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Singleton, Bert May 16, 1916
Foreman, Hope Natural Gas Company, 310 Dancer Street,
Clarksburg, West Virginia.
Sipe, Qeorge B May 19, 1908
Vice President and General Manager, Louisiana Gas Company,
Levy Building, Shreveport, Louisiana.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 507
8lpe, William Everett May 16, 1911
Manager, Atlanta Oaa Company, Atlanta, Texas.
Slverilng, J. L May 16, 1916
Field Foreman, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, Elderton,
Pennsylvania.
Slack, Charles W May 15, 1917
Superintendent, The Attica Natural Gas Company, Attica, New
York.
Sladen, H. 8 May 16, 1911
Wichita Manager, Kansas Gas ft EAectric Company, 237 South
Main Street, Wichita, Kansas.
Sloan, C. M May 15, 1917
Clerk, Shop, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 108 Eighteenth
Street, Buffalo, New York.
Sloan, C. T May 15, 1917
Assistant Engineer, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, Quaker
Street, Orchard Park, New York.
Sloan, F. M May 16, 1916
Operator, Murraysville, Pennsylvania.
Sloan, J. A May 16, 1916
Shop Foreman, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, Portage.
Pennsylvania.
Sloan, W. L May 15, 1917
Foreman, Station Men, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 81
Buffom Street, Buffalo, New York.
Sloane, P. C May 16, 1916
Agent, United Fuel Gas Company, Quarrier Street, Charleston,
West Virginia.
Slogle, B May 15. 1917
Oil and Gas Producer, Care Continental Supply Company, West
Park, Ohio.
Smies, George H May 20, 1913
Chief Clerk, The Union Gas & Electric Company, Fourth and
Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Smith, A. C May 16, 1916
Operator, 507 Virginia Street, Charleston, West Virginia.
Smith, Elmer A.... May 16, 1916
Auditor, American Natural Gas Company, 1511 Park Building,
Pittsburgh, Pennslyvanla.
Smith, Ernest B May 18, 1909
Manager, The Coshocton Gas Company, Bachert Building, Co-
shocton, Ohio.
Smith, Edward May 18, 1915
Chief Clerk, Well Accounting Department, The East Ohio Gas
Company, 1513 lincoln Avenue, Lakewood, Ohio.
Smithy Frank D May 15, 1917
Agent, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, Sprlngvllle, New York.
Smith, H. L :...... May 16, 1916
Auditor, Carnegie Natural Gas Company, 922 Carnegie Building,
Plttshurgh, Pennsylvania.
Smith, H. L May 16, 1916
District Foreman, Equitable Gas Company, 147 East Fifth Ave-
nue, Homestead, Pennsylvania.
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Google
508 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Smith, Frank N. May 18, 1915
Pattern Superintendent, S. R. Dresser Mfg. Ck>mi>any, 17 Davis
Street, Bradford, Pennsylrania.
Smith, W. T .May 16, 1916
Foreman, Hope Natural Qaa Company, 304 Clarksburg Street,
Mannington, West Virginia.
Snoke, Alpheus May 18, 1915
Field Superintendent, The Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Company,
900 Mechanic Street, Utica, Ohio.
Snider, C .May 18, 1915
Superintendent, Cahokia Oas ft Oil Company, 252 North Main
Street, E>dwardsyille, Illinois.
Snyder, H. L May 21, 1912
Room 503 Goff Building, Clarksburg, West Virginia.
Snyder, Robert M, Jr March 20, 1906
President, New York Oil and Gas Company, Director, Kansas
Natural Gas Company; Director, Caney Gas Company, 316
American Bank Building, Kansas City, Missouri.
Snyder, S. W. May 16, 1916
Foreman, United Natural Gas Company, 14 River Street,
. Sharon, Pennsylvania.
Soper, R. G ....... .May 16, 1911
Secretary, The Dallas Gas Company, 2016 Jackson Street, Dal-
las, Texas.
South, W. H .May 18, 1915
Secretary, Treasurer, General Manager, Randall Gas Company,
P. O. Box 554, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Southwick, E. F. .May 16, 1917
Credit Clerk, E3ast Ohio Gas Company, 7021 Quimby Avenue,
Cleveland, Ohio.
Spain, W. H May 16, 1911
District Representative, Oil Well Supply Company, 215 Water
Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Spencer, C. H .... .... .May 15, 1917
Shop Superintendent, Calgary Gas Company,- Limited, 215 Sixth
Avenue, West, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Splcer, B. F . . May 16, 1916
Agent, Logan Natural Gas ft Fuel Company, Bucyrus, Ohio.
Sprague, H. H May 17, 1910
President, si>rague Meter Company, 206 Water Street, Bridge-
port, Connecticut.
Sprenkle, W. A May 16, 1916
Secretary-Tk^easurer, Natural Gas Company of West Virginia,
323 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Stafford, 0. M ... .May 15, 1917
Foreman, Pennsylvania Gas Company, 202 East Washington
Street, Corey, Pennsylvania.
Staniek, A. E May 16, 1916
Chief Clerk, Contracting Department, Philadelphia Company,
435 Sixth Street, Pltteburgh, Pennsylvania.
Stearns, Q. A May 15, 1917
Sawyer-Steams-Streeter Drilling Corporation, 401 Iroquois
Building, Buffalo, New York.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 509
Steams, JavMs W May 20, 1918
Division Superintendent, Iroquois Natural Gas Ck>mpany, 401
Iroquois Building, Buffalo, New York.
Steenberoon, C. L May 19, 1914
Manager, Paris Qas A Electric Company, Paris, Kentucky.
Steere, F. W May 16, 1917
President, Steere Engineering Company, Woodward and Hor-
ton Avenue, Detroit, Michigan.
Stein, F. v.. May 16, 1916
Foreman, United Natural Gas Company, 670 Arch Street, Mead-
vllle, Pennsylvania.
Stemburg, F. M. . . . May 19, 1914
Field Foreman, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, B^fans Street,
Hamburg, New York.
Stephanus, E. M May 15, 1917
Salesman, Broderick & Bascom Rope Company, 805 North Main
Street, St. Louis, Missouri.
Stephens, T. H May 16, 1916
Agent, The Manufocturers Light ft Heat Company, East Liver-
pool, Ohio.
Stemtt, Louis E ...May 16, 1916
Manager, Smithport Gas Company, Smithport, Pennsylvania.
Stewart, S. B .May 17, 1910
General Contracting Agent, Philadelphia Company, 436 Sixth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Stewart, William May 16, 1916
General Foreman, Allegheny Heating Company, 603 Burd Street,
North Side, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Stitt, John C May 16, 1916
Field Foreman, Carnegie Natural Gas Company, West Union,
West Virginia.
Stokes, D. J. Jr. May 16, 1916
Field Superintendent, The Natural Gas Company of West Vir-
ginia, Harveys, Greene County, Pennsylvania.
Stone, Frederick W .May 21, 1907
Manager, Ashtabula Gas Company, 6 Progress Street, Ashta-
bula, Ohio.
Storey, Verne W May 18, 1916
Vice President and Manager, Dixie Gas ft Water Company, Box
121, Oil City, Louisiana.
Stotler, R. M May 19, 1908
District Manager, Pittsburgh Meter Company, 606 Victor Build-
ing, Kansas City, Missouri.
Steut, Wllber ... .May 16, 1916
Assistant Geologist, Geological Survey of Ohio, 40 Sast Lane
Avenue, Columbus, Ohio.
Streiber, Theo. ... May 20, 1918
Superintendent of Contracts, Sun Vapor ft Gas Street Light
Company, 1000 South Market Street, Canton, Ohio.
Strickler, James P May 21, 1907
Superintendent Distribution, Columbus Gas ft Fuel Company,
136 North Front Street, Columbus, Ohio.
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Google
510 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Stringer, Harrison May 18, 1916
Superintendent, Dominion Natural Gas Company, Simcoe, On-
tario, Canada.
Strong, Murray May 16, 191«
Foreman, Arkanaas Natural Gas Company, Arkadelphia, Ar-
kanaas.
Stroup, Lloyd May 16. 1917
Field Foreman, Dominion Gas Company, Merlin, Ontario,
Canada.
Stroiip, John May 16, 1917
Foreman, Glenwood Natural Gas Company, Limited, Port Alma,
Ontario, Canada.
Stuart, George J May 16. 1911
Chief Engineer, Pittsburgh Valve Foundry & Construction Com-
pany Twenty-sixth Street and A. V., R. R., Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.
Sullivan, J. H .... .May 20, 1913
Superintendent, Street Department, The Bast Ohio Gas Com-
pany, East 62nd, North of St. Clair, Cleveland, Ohio.
Sullivan, P. D May 16, 1916
Foreman, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, 37 Church Street,
Buffalo, New York.
Sullivan, T. O ....May 16. 1911
General Manager, Manufacturers Light & Heat Company, 314
Columbia Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Sutton, A. I . . May 16, 1916
Foreman, Hope Natural Gas Company, R. F. D., St. Marys, West
Virginia.
Swan, George J .... .May 18, 1909
Superintendent, Consumers Light, Heat & Power Company, 214
East First Street, Topeka, Kansas.
Swartz, J. K May 16, 1916
Foreman, Hope Natural Gas Company, Salem, West Virginia.
Sweetman, W. D ...May 16, 1911
Superintendent, Peoples Gas Light & Coke Company, 1241
Dinisian Street, Chicago, Illinois.
Sykes, J. D .May 16, 1911
Superintendent, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 62 West Gay
Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Swendeman, Joseph E. May 16, 1917
Special Representative, American Steam Gauge & Valve Mfg.
Company, 266 West Newton Street, Boston, Massachusetts.
Tanner, J. Roy May 16, 1911
General Manager, Pittsburgh Valve, Foimdry ft Construction
Company, P. O. Box 1016, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Taylor, E. R .May 18, 1916
Secretary and Treasurer, Fayette Light & Fuel Company, Fay-
ette, Alabama.
Taylor, George May 16, 1917
Foreman, Alden-Batavia Natural Gas Company, Batavia, New
York.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 611
Taylor, Qeorgo E May 15. 1917
Assistant Eanglneer, Public Service Commission of West Vir-
ginia, State House, Charleston, West Virginia.
Taylor, J. W May 16, 191«
Foreman, Reserve Gas Company, 226 Bennet, Weston, West Vir-
ginia.
Teague, O. C May 21, 1912
President, The UUca Oas, Oil ft Mining, Utlca, Ohio.
Teegustram, Victor S May 15, 1917
Plumbing, 141 Fraley Street, Kane, Pennsylvania.
Tarry, L. B May 16, 1911
Agent, The Hast Ohio Gas Company, 12-21 North High Street,
Akron, Ohio.
Texter, L. J May 15, 1917
Foreman, Alden-Batavia Natural Gas Company, Pavilion, New
York.
Thatcher, J. H May 21, 1912
Manager, Mansfield Gas Company, Jefferson Street, Mansfield,
Louisiana.
Thief, Martin A .May 18, 1915
Chief Engineer, Etogine Department, The C. ft G. Cooper Com-
pany, 118 East Liamartine Street, Mt. Vernon, Ohio.
Thomas, Edgar May 20, 1913
Gas Engineer, Hope Ehigineerlng Company, 826 Farmers Bank
Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Thomas, Fred H........ May 16, 1916
Sales Engineer, The C. ft G. Cooper Company, Mt. Vernon, Ohio.
Thomas, Howard V. May 16, 1911
Vice President, West Virginia ft Maryland Gas Company, 312
Fidelity Building, Buffalo, New York.
Thompson, Paul May 17, 1910
Fifth Vice-President, The United Gas Improvement Company,
Broad and Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Thompaon, William H May 16, 1911
Attorney, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 930 Williamson
Building, Cleveland, Ohio.
Thompson, W. P May 15, 1917
55 Kennedy Street, Bradford, Pennsylvania.
Thomson, L. S. May 18, 1915
Salesman, La Belle Iron Works, SteubenviUe, Ohio.
Tibbens, W. P. ........ . May 20, 1913
Shop Foreman, The East Ohio Gas Company, 10611 Garfield
Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.
Tlllotaon, F. H May 20, 1918
City Foreman, The Pennsylvania Gas Company, 116 Broadhead
Avenue, Jamestown, New York.
Tims, H. a. May 18, 1913
Treasurer, The Canadian Western Natural Gas, Light, Heat ft
Power Company, Limited, 216 Sixth Avenue, West, Calgary,
Alberta, Canada.
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Google
512 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
TIppettp W. H Mtty 19, 1908
Secretanr-TreaBurer, Creek County Comiumy, Box 126, Cu8hiii€»
Oklahoma.
TItiel, J. C May 1«, 1916
General Manager, Glenshaw Neutral Gas Company, Glenshaw,
Pennsylvania.
Tlt«al, R. John. . ...... May 15, 1917
Gas Engineer, United Gas BAectric Corporation, 2100 First Ave-
nue, Birmingham, Alabama.
Tomb, Frank B ICay 18, 1915
Superintendent Land Department, Southern Ontario Gas Com-
pany, Limited, 301 Central Avenue, London, Ontario, Canada.
Tomer, Adam ICay 16, 1916
Shop Foreman, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, 1919
Forbes Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Tonkin, John B May 21, 1912
Vice President, The Reserve Gas Company, 424 Sixth Avenue,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Tonkin, John May 15, 1917
Vice President and General Manager, Central Kentucky Nat-
ural Gas Company, Oil City, Pennsylvania.
Tonkin, T. J., Jr May 15, 1917
Superintendent, Frankfort, Kentucky, Natural Gas Company,
Frankfort, Kentucky.
Tonkin, Wade H May 16, 1916
Agent, Hope Natural Gas Company, 250 West Tenth Street,
Parkersburg, West Virginia.
Topp, A. A May 15, 1917
Foreman, Central Repair Shop, The Ohio Fuel Supply Com-
pany, Mt Vernon, Ohio.
Torrance, C. E May 16, 1916
Agent, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, Altoona, Pennsyl-
vania.
Torranee, E. E May 15, 1917
Foreman, Frost Gas Company, Fredonia, New Tork.
Torrance, J. M May 16, 1916
Agent, The Peoples Natural Gas Company, 28 North Walnut
Street, Blairsville, Pennsylvania.
Towl, Forrest M May 21, 1912
President, Southern Pipe Line Company, 26 Broadway, New
York, New York.
Tracy, F. B May 16. 1916
Manager Muncie Division, Central Indiana Gas Company, 301
East Main Street, Muncie, Indiana.
Tracey, Frank D May 16, 1911
Purchasing Agent, West Virginia & Maryland Gas Company,
312 Fidelity Building, Buffalo, New York.
Treat, Ellis M May 16, 1911
1912 Union Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Trees, J. C May 16, 1911
President, Afkansas Natural Gas Company, Benedum-Trees
Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 513
Treieaven, L. Q May 21. 1907
Secretary and Manager, Consumers Light, Heat ft Power Com-
pany, 824 Kansas Avenue, Topeka, Kansas.
Troutman, P. A May 16, 1916
IMvlBion Superintendent, Carnegie Natural Qas Company, Sher-
man and Sixth Streets, Waynesburg, Pennsylvania.
Tucker, Calvert C May 16, 1917
Engineer, Dominion Natural Oas Company, 842 Marine National
Bank Building, Buffalo, New York.
Tucker, Davis H May 15, 1917
Engineer, Southern Ontario Oas Company, Limited, R. R. No. 4,
Merlin, Ontario, Canada.
Tucker, Q. C May 16, 1916
Foreman, The East Ohio Oas Company, 1101 Second Street,
Massillon, Ohio.
Turner, Lyie May 20, 1913
Credits and Collections, The Bast Ohio Oas Company, Bast
Ohio Oas Building, Cleveland, Ohio.
Tyng, Arthur May 16, 1917
Consulting Engineer, Iroquois Natural Oas Company, 709 Iro-
quois Building, Buffalo, New York.
Underwood, R. L May 16, 1916
Manager and Assistant Secretary and Treasurer, Herring Oil
& Oas Company, North Side Ellis, Orossbeck, Texas.
Vallely, J. F May 16, 1917
Agent, Cattaraugus, New York, Iroquois Natural Oas Company,
Cattaraugus, New York.
Vance, Qeorge B May 16, 1916
Superintendent, Drilling Department, Randall Oas Company,
Mapletown, Pennsylvania.
Vandergrlft, T. T May 16, 1916
Field Superintendent, Preston Oil Company, Lancaster, Ohio.
Van8ickel, Walter 8 May 17, 1910
Oeneral Manager, Southwestern Oeneral Oas Company, 616 No.
"A" Street, Fort Smith, Arkansas.
Voelkle, L. P May 18, 1916
Chief Clerk, The Bast Ohio Oas Company, Youngstown, Ohio.
Wadsworth, W. A May 18, 1916
District Manager, Union Oas A Electric Company, Fourth and
Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Walker, W. O May 16, 1916
Secretary-Treasurer, Frankfort (Kentucky) Natural Oas Com-
pany, 206 Seneca Street, Oil City, Pennsylvania.
Wall, W. A May 18, 1916
Auditor, Southwestern Oas ft Electric Company, Caddo Division,
Shreveport, Louisiana.
Wallace, H. A May 18, 1916
Oeneral Manager, United Fuel Oas Company, 919 Quarrier
Street, Charleston, West Virginia.
Wallace, J. B May 18, 1916
Superintendent, Logan Natural Oas ft Fuel Company, 134 Col-
lege Avenue, Ashland, Ohio.
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Google
514 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
WaUh, D. C May 20. 1913
General Foreman, The Bftat Ohio Gas Ck>mpany, 400 Tnacarawas
Avenue, Canton, Ohio.
Walah, John H Mayy 20, 1913
Superintendent, Iroquois Natural Gas Company, Church and
FYanklln Streets, Buffalo, New York.
Walsh, Maurice W February 27. 1906
Superintendent. Distribution and Construction. The Louisville
Gas ft Electric Company. 311 West Chestnut Street. Louis-
ville, Kentucky.
Walters, C. K May 16, 1916
District Foreman. Equitable Gas Company. Chestnut and Lydla
Streets. Carnegie. Pennsylvania.
Walton, J. D May 18. 1916
General Inspector, 315 Trenton Avenue. UhrlchsviUe. Ohio.
Wanamaker, George B May 20. 1913
General Manager, The Highland Development Company. Lock
Box 56. Wooster, Ohio.
Ward, C. F May 16. 1916
Foreman Construction Department, Ohio Fuel Supply Company.
Homer. Ohio.
Ward, R. W May 20. 1913
Foreman. United Natural Gas Company, Oil City, Pennsylvania.
Warden, Charles W May 20, 1913
Welsbach Company, Gloucester, New Jersey.
Waring, C. H May 21, 1912
Superintendent. The Wyandotte County Gas Company. 600 liln-
nesota Avenue. Kansas City. Kansas.
Watson, W. E May 21, 1912
Assistant General Manager of Sales, The Youngstown Sheet
and Tube Company, Toungstown. Ohio.
Watts, Albert E May 21, 1912
Oil and Gas Producer. 1401 South Carson Street. Tulsa,
Oklahoma.
Watts, Harry P May 15, 1917
Field Clerk. Peoples Natural Gas Company. Brave. Greene
County. Pennsylvania.
Way, William B May 18, 1909
IMstrlct Manager. The Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Company,
2008 First National Bank Building, Pittsburgh. Pennsyl-
vania.
Wearing, Qeorge E May 16, 1916
Vice President and General Manager. The Elk Natural Gas
Company. Second National Bank Building, Clarion, Penn-
sylvania.
Weaver, 8. D May 16. 1916
Agent. Manufacturers Gas Company. Bradford. Pennsylvania.
Webber, Daniel S May 20. 1913
Superintendent Lease Department. The Ohio Fuel Supply Com-
pany, 52 West Gay Street. Columbus. Ohio.
Wage, Henry P May 16, 1917
Oil Well. Refinery and Mill Supplies, Henry P. Wege. 24 Horn
Avenue. Oil City. Pennsylvania.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 615
Wair, James B May 18, 1915
Secretary-Treasurer, Falling Rock Cannel Coal Company, Na-
tional City Bank Building, Charleston, West Virginia.
Weltenberger, L. L May 18, 1915
Industrial Engineer, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 97 North
Front Street, Columbus, Ohio.
Welch, William M February 27, 1906
Qas Bngineer, United States Bureau of Mines, 506 Custom-
house, San Francisco, California.
Welker, Qeorge E May 20, 1913
Chief ETngineer, Iroquois Natural Qas Company, 311 Iroquois
Building, Buffalo, New York.
Wellman, A. Miner May 15, 1917
President, Tri-County Natural Gas Company, Caledonia, New
York.
Wells, U D May 18, 1915
District Superintendent, Caddo Division, Southwestern Gas ft
Electric Company, Vivian, Louisiana.
Wentzel, H. W May 16, 1916
Assistant Storekeeper, Equitable Gas Company, Twenty-third
and Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Werner, E. M May 20, 1913
New Business Department, The ETast Ohio Gas Company, 1406
East Sixth Street, Cleveland, Ohio.
West, Grant May 20, 1913
Chief Station Engineer, United Natural Gas Company, Sigel,
Pennsylvania.
Westcott, Henry P May 21, 1907
Bngineer, Metric Metal Works, 1004 West Twenty-sixth Street,
E)rie, Pennsylvania.
Weymouth, T. R May 16, 1911
Chief ESngineer, United Natural Gas Company, 308 S'eneca
Street, Oil City, Pennsylvania.
Wheeler, Edward M May 21, 1912
Treasurer, West Virginia Central Gas Company, 312 Fidelity
Building, Buffalo, New York.
Wheelhouse, Sidney H May 18, 1915
Manager Gas Furnace Department, Columbus Heating ft Ven-
tilating Company, 425-435 West Town Street, Columbus,
Ohio.
Whitcomb, E. C May 19, 1914
Chief Engineer, Manufacturers Gas Company, Brookville, Penn-
sylvania.
Whitcomb, E. P May 18, 1909
President and General Manager, The Union Natural Gas Cor-
poration, Union Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
White, David May 16, 1916
Foreman, Hope Natural Gas Company, SmithviUe, West
Virginia.
WhJte, T. J May 16, 1916
Field Foreman, Carnegie Natural Gas Company, Hundred, West
Virginia.
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616 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Whitehead, L. K June 12, 1906
Superintendent, Qas Department, Southwestern Oas A Electric
Company, 116 East Broad Street, Texarkana, Arkansas-
Texas.
Wickham, T. F May 20. 1913
Secretary-Treasurer, The' Union Gas A Electric Company,
Fourth and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Wickett, Gordon, D May 18, 1915
Secretary, Windsor Qas Company, Umited, 66 Ouellette Ayenue,
Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
Wiggins, J. H May 15, 1917
ESngineer, Indian Territory, Illinois Oil & Qas Company, Box
1042 BartlesviUe, Oklahoma.
Wlkoff, J. B May 16, 1911
Treasurer, The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, 2107 Farmers Bank
Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Wllkinaon, A. L May 18, 1916
Treasurer, National Qas, Electric Light ft Power Company, 1714
Ford Building, Detroit, Michigan.
Williams, D. W May 15, 1917
Qeologist, Dominion Natural Qas Company, Limited, 842 Marine
National Bank Building, Buffalo, New York.
Williams, John B May 16, 1911
Secretary-Treasurer, The Samia Qas ft Electric Company, Lim-
ited, 217 North Front Street, Samia, Ontario, Canada.
Williams, John H May 16. 1916
Superintendent, Hope Natural Qas Company, Despard Street,
Clarksburg, West Virginia.
Williams, R. J May 20, 1913
Chief Engineer, United Natural Qas Company, Kane, R. R.
No. 2, Pennsylvania.
Williams, W. A May 15, 1917
Sliperintendent, Eastern Oil Company, Weston, West Virginia.
Williams, W. A May 20, 1913
Assistant to Qeneral Manager, Empire Qas ft Fuel Company,
Bartlesville, Oklahoma.
Williamson, E. W May 16, 1916
DlTision Superintendent, Hope Natural Qas Company, 1726
Saint Marys Avenue, Parkersburg, West Virginia.
Wllloughby, Horace May 18, 1909
Assistant Manager, Scioto Valley Supply Company, Third and
Long Streets, Columbus, Ohio.
Willsey, J. H May 16, 1917
Assistant Superintendent, Ashtabula Qas Company, 6 Progress
Street, Ashtabula, Ohio.
Wilson, A. M May 16, 1911
Room 330, Robinson Building, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Wilson, Henry M May 16. 1911
District Agent, Pittsburgh Valve, Foundry ft Construction Com-
pany, 1308 Rockefeller Building, Cleveland, Ohio.
Wilson, J. C May 21, 1912
Engineer, Cutler-Hammer Manufacturing Company, Twelfth
Street and Saint Paul Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 517
Wilton, J. W May 18, 1915
Manager, Knapp Oil & Gas Company, Weston, West Virginia.
Wilson, W. E May 15, 1917
Agent, Pennsylvania Oas Company,, 100 West Main Street,
Corry, Pennsylvania.
Wlngapd, Guy H May 16, 1916
Foreman, Manufacturers Oas Company, Marlin Building, Brook-
ville, Pennsylvania.
WIttkorskI, F. D May 15, 1917
Chief Inspector, Union Natural Gas Company of Canada, Lim-
ited, 95 Wellington Street, Chatham, Ontario, Canada.
Wittmer, Georoe, Jr May 16, 1911
Assistant General Manager, American Natural Gas Company,
1511 Park Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Wlttmer, Henry May 18, 1909
Secretary, American Natural Gas Company, 407 Park Building,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
WlUmer, Thomas May 17, 1910
Division Superintendent, American Natural Oas Company, 1013
Sheridan Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Wolfe, W. W May 19, 1914
Assistant Secretary, United Fuel Oas Company, 1590 Quarrier
Street, Charleston, West Virginia.
Wonderly, W. V May 16, 1916
Superintendent, Compression Plants, Logan Natural Gas A Fuel
Company, 34 Buggery Building, Columbus, Ohio.
Wood, L. L May 15, 1917
Foreman, Pennsylvania Oas Company, 205 Blast Fifth Avenue,
Warren, Pennsylvania.
Wood, W. L., Jr May 17, 1910
General Manager, Southwestern Gas & Electric Company, 116
East Broad Street, Texarkana, Arkansas.
Woodivvortii^ R. B May 16, 1911
Engineer, Carnegie Steel Company, 427 Carnegie Building, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
Wrenn, J. W May 20, 1913
Assistant General Manager, Economic Gas Company, 314 West
Third Street, Los Angeles, California.
Wyer, Samuel 8 May 21, 1912
Consulting Engineer, Hartman Building, Columbus, Ohio.
Yardley, George May 20, 1913
Secretary to the General Manager, United Natural Gas Com-
pany, 206 Seneca Street, Oil City, Pennsylvania.
Yorke, Patrick May 16, 1911
Manager, Yorke Derrick Company, 199 North Main Street,
Washington, Pennsylvania.
Young, James M. H February 27, 1906
Manager, City Gas Company, 215 Dundar Street, London, On-
tario, Canada.
Young, W. H May 16, 1916
Purchasing Agent, South Hills Oil ft Gas Company, 223 Fourth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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518 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Young, William T May 20. 1918
Mechanical Enc^eer, United Natural Gaa Company, 618 North
Street, OH City, Pennsylvania.
Zelgler, R. A May 20, 1913
Auditor, Central Indiana Qaa Company, 301-3 Eaat Main Street,
Muncle, Indiana.
Zailer, S. E May 20, 1913
General Foreman, The East Ohio Qas Company, 322 Wooster
Avenue, Canal Dover, Ohio.
Zimmerman, C. W May 16, 1916
Chief Clerk, Philadelphia Company, 436 Sixth Avenue, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania.
ZItzewltz, W. R May 19, 1908
Secretary-Treasurer, National Machine Works, Sheffield and
North Avenues, Chicago, Illinois.
SUMMARY OF CLASSES OF MEMBERSHIP.
Honorary Members 8
Active Members 1,288
Total 1,296
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GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
Alabama.
Birmingham R. John Titzel
Fayette E. R. Taylor
Arlcanaas.
Arkadelphia Murray Strong
Fort Smith W. A. Robertson
Walter S. VanSicUt
Hope M. F. Secrcst
Little Rock W. F. Booth
E. J. Cole
B. J. Gifford
C. W. Kramer
John Russell Mtmcc
W. T. Roberts
Malvern A. J. Gilbert
Pine BluflF M. D. Randolph
Prescott James Barry
Texarkana L. K. Whitehead
W. L. Wood, Jr.
California.
Bakersfield J. F. McMahon
Los Angeles Frank Cavena^^
Walter B. Cline
Alexander B. Macbe^
Nathan L. Morse
F. Shafer
J. W. Wrenn
San Francisco W. R. Hamilton
John Martin
William M. Wekh
Santa Maria L. F. Chandler
Taft Frederick F. Doyle
Wflliam Moeller, Jr.
Connacttcut.
Bridgeport W. P. Hutchinson
H. H. Sprague
Waterbury John Douglass Alden
(619)
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520 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
District of Columbia.
Washington R. S. McBride
J. S. Perry
Illinois.
Aurora Carroll Miller
Chicago William Alfred Baehr
O. M. Carter
Henry M. Dawes
W. H. Graffis
W. S. Grear
W. H. Hodge
. * B. J. Kellum
John W. Lansley
Joseph C. Markley
Edward G. Pratt
I Milt. Saul
W. D. Sweetman
W. R. Zitzewitz
Decatur J. H. McCormick
Fred B. Mueller
Edwardsville C. Snider
Jacksonville *.... John D. Robertson
Quincy George J. Fischer
Palestine R. A. Crawford
Rockford John F. Parker
Indiana.
Anderson J. C. Groble
H. C. Reynolds
Marion D. S. Milne
Middletown C. R. Heath
Muncie A. T. Bartow
E. L. Haymond
Harry R. Maxon
John H. Maxon
F. B. Tracy
R. A. Ziegler
Vincenncs A. M. Ewing
Kansas.
Chanute Hugh T. Jones
Coffeyvillc L. E. Robinson
W. H. Shepard
Garnett Gail Carey
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
KanMt — Ck>ncluded
Independence H. I. Cowhan
Con. Cumings
C. A. Gibson
Victor Hays
Paul R. Johnson
G. F. Mahan
J. E. Remler
R. Shade
lola F. J. Horton
Kansas City Wm. Hunter McKenzie
C. H. Waring
Lawrence E. H. S, Bailey
Caryl J. Dodds
Erasmus Haworth
Mound Valley F. M. Gilmore
Sedgwick C. F. Mason
Topeka George J. Swan
L. G. Treleaven
Wichita W. S. Hoyte
E. S. Miller
L. O. Ripley
G. N. Rumbaugh
H. S. Sladen
Kentucky.
Ashland J. W. Anderson
Covington Gordon M. Campbell
D. C. ShaflFer
Albert Silva
Frankfort ; T. J. Tonkin, Jr.
Irvine James C. Heydrick
Louisville Donald McDonald
J. R. Ramage
Maurice W. Walsh
Marysville Horace J. Cochran
Paris C. L. Steenbergen
Winchester ^.-' Calvin T. Moore
Louisiana.
Lewis W. H. Buckley
Mansfield J. H. Thatcher
Mooringsport G. S. Boyd
George E. Jordan
Oil City Verne W. Storey
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522 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Louisiana — Concluded
Shreveport J. P. Bahan
M. B. Carmody
Austin G. Curtis
C A. Dally, Jr.
T. J. Kurd
G. R. Jordan
S. A. McCune
T. F. O'Brien
J. R Palmer
W. M. Palmer
George B. Sipe
W. A. Wall
Vivian W. A. Long
L. D. WeUs
Maryland.
Baltimore Charles M. Cc^n
Cumberland J. C. Cunningham
Maaaachuaattt.
Boston Godfrey L. Cabot
Henry B. Nickerson
Josep4i Swendeman
Mlehlgan.
Detroit Warren S. Blauvdt
D. F. Burritt
Roy A. Field
W. S. Guitteau
James T. Lynn
Henry D. Sdiall
F. W. Steere
A. L. Wilkinson
Mlaaourl.
Joplin Charles D. Bell
B. J. Crahan
Kansas Qty E. L. Brundrett
R. W. Goodnow
Alfred Hurlburt
T. B. Jarvics
Hoyle Jones
R. L. Kidner
Eugene Metz, Jr.
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
MiMOiiri — Concluded
Kansas City Frank F. Schauer
J. M. Scott
Robert M. Syndcr, Jr.
R. M. Stotler
M. M. Sweetman
St Joseph Vincent I. Elbert
J. Wylic MitcheU
St. Louis William K. Hughes
Lee B. Mettier
Robert Seegar
£. M. Stephanus
Webb City Charles O'Neill
New Jersey.
Glouster City Alphonso Mason
Charles W. Wardell
New York.
Albany Charles F. Leonard
Alden W. H. Baas
Akron John Fisher
Angola J. D. Qeary
Attica Charles W. Slack
Batavia Charles E. Hill
£. B. Kellogg
G. D. Lynch
George Taylor
Buffalo Thomas Armstrong
Lucius Seymour Bigelow
T. P. Blackall
John T. Blewett
C. E. Borchard
L. H. Brown
C. L. Butler
W. C Carey
J. P. Conners
Frank Cosan
W. M. Cusack
Hert)ert R. Davis
Dorr T. Denton
Bernard F. Dowd
R. G. Dreher
J. T. Flanigan
H A. Forman
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524 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
N«w York — Oontlnaed
Buffalo A. W. Gavin
B. J. Grammel
Homer R. Gray
Henry C. Hall
H. E. Hall
H. Harney, Jr.
William Hastings
B. J. Hawkins
Ralph Hockstetter
H. R. Hoffman
Perry A. Little
Guy Loveridge
Frank M. Lowrey
Carl H. Lutz
John T. Mahoney
G. £. McCann
Edward P. McG>rmick
J. E. McKimmie
D. P. McMahon
John McMahon
Edwin Allan McPherson
W. Lome Munro
Henry S. Norris
B. C. Oliphant
F. H. Oliphant
Ira R Reed
D. M. Reilly
J. A. Ritchie
E. M. Ryan
J. R. Shattuck
C. M. Sloan
W. L. Sloan
G. A. Stearns
James W. Steams
P. D. Sullivan
Howard V. Thomas
Frank D. Tracey
C. C. Tucker
Arthur Tyng
John H. Walsh
George E. Welker
Edward M. Wheeler
D. W. Williams
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
Now York — Ck>iitixiued
Caledonia A. G. Baker
M. A. Brady
A. Miner Wellman
Cattaraugus J. F. Vallely
Collins Center Charles L. Reiser
Coming George F. Goff
W. M. Gumsey
Dunkirk F. Fair
G. E. Falk
M. £. Hammon
East Aurora E. K. Fuller
Fredonia E. E. Torrance
Gardenville S. F. Brandell
Gowanda M. Mclntyre
Hamburg D. M. Dittman
John Hastings
Frank Johnson
F. M. Stemburg
Holcomb L. L. Case
Honeoye Falls Franklin L. Kellogg
Homell J. B. Bradley
Jamestown James M. Cratty
E. M. Schlaudecker
F. H. Tillotson
Lancaster Peter P. Adolf
LeRoy J. S. L. Purdy
New York H. C. Abell
William E. Barrett
A. C. Bedford
R. W. Brink
Cameron Brown
L. G. Coleman
J. W. R. Crawford
S. J. Dill
Henry L. Doherty
A. E. Forstall
Robert G. Griswold
Alexander C. Humphreys
George H. Jones
W. J. Judge
H. K. Landis
Alanson P. Lathrop
Henry O. Loebell
E. J. Marston
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526 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Now York — Ckincluded
New York Emerson McMillin
Alten S. Miller
Worden Pope
C. A. H. de SauUes
Marvin Shiebler
Forrest M. Towl
Olean F. W. Herron
H. L. Jacoby
Orchard Park C. T. Sloan
Pavilion W. H. Lobaugh
L. J. Texter
Rochester R. M. Searle
Salamanca J. L. Ryan
Sheridan W. J. Doty
Springville Frank D. Smith
Wellsville Harry Bradley
Ohio.
Akron Merrill N. Davis
James P. McLaughlin
James Scoville
L, B. Terry
Alliance W. J. Rose
Ashland W. H. Adams
A. E. Boyd
J. B. Wallace
Ashtabula A. W. Herring
F. W. Stone
J. H. Willsey
Barberton S. C. McKnight
E. L. Saeger
Berea M. K. Clover
P. J. Cookham
Bucyrus W. S. Frey
B. F. Spencer
Cadiz Carl D. Mead
Cambridge A. C. Sarchet
Canal Dover S. E. Zellar
Canton E. O. Deal
D. W. Hammon
T. M. Lee
John J. McMahon
W. J. Morgan
Theo. Streibcr
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 527
Ohio — Ckintinued
Canton D. C. Walsh
Chillicothe Walter A. Ashley
Cincinnati I. H. Atkins
C. J. Bauer
William Y. Cartwright
C. D. Corbus
John M. Cronin
C. W. DeForest
Joseph P. Delaney
Frank Espach
Alfred F. Flocken
W. W. Freeman
Judson Harmon
F. R. Healy
H. J. Hoover
Charles Krause
J. H. Lakamp
C. R. McKay
William A. Miller
Frank B. Newhouse
C. D. Reichel
W. H. Reul
E. R. Rothert
R. C. Rowan
Amy Sherlock (Miss)
George H. Smies
W. A Wadsworth
T. F. Wickham
Qeveland C. B. Apple
M. F. Barrett
C. L. Bryant
Harry C. Culp
Martin B. Daly
F. T. Dooling
G. C. Donahue
C. W. Downing
Carl Emmerling
E. C. Fox
R. W. Gallagher
C. W. Gardner
A. L. Gassett
C. B. Gates
Oscar C. Gericke
E. Given
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528 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Ohio — Oonttnued
Cleveland J. F. Gray
W. C Hagan
J. G. Hanks
George S. Harris
W. C. Higgins
W. H. Holtz
George H. Horsley
Franklin R. Hurd
Frank R. Hutchinson
P. C. Jacobs
R T. Jones
William H. Knight
W. R. Knowles
James Martin
H. £. McCandless
M. J. Murray
Gias. L. Norton
E, Burt Nutt
W. L. Oakes
T. M. O'Conner
George L. Olney
Peter S. Ostrye
George W. Plagenz
Ambrose Quinlan
A. B. Rae
Hoyt V. Shulters
£. F. Southwick
J. H. Sullivan
William H. Thompson
W. P. Tibbens
Lyle Turner
E. M. Werner
Henry M. Wilson
Columbus P. A. Alberty
S. S. Allen, Jr.
H. T. Ashton
P. M. Biddison
John Adams Bownocker
Wm. J. Broder
W. Re. Brown
R. B. Bun-
Clarence E. Carter
E. F. Qagett
M. A. Corbett
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.
Ohio — Continued
Columbus Henry Coyle
F. H. Crawford
34
Frederick W. Crawford
J. D. Creveling
C F. Critchfield
J. F. Curry
Beman G. Dawes
Leslie B. Denning
D. H. Foster
D. F. Freudenbcrg
John M. Gerard
O. C. Hagen
Herman H. Hall
John I. Henderson
G. E. Howard
C. H. Jay
T. J. Jones
T. H. Kerr
Oscar Krebs
Kay C. Krick
Alan Leamy
Preston W. Lupher
M. E. Lytle
B. A. Magrew
J. W. McCord
M. A. Newton
Nelson A. Newton
J. F. Olmstead
C. J. Palm
C. C. Phillips
Henry T. Phillips
R. M. Porterfield
E. C. Ramsey
J. D. Rcnick
E. Robinson, Jr.
W. J. Rogers
Elmer F. Schmidt
G. C. Scott
George S. Shinnick
Wilber Stout
James P. Strickler
J. D. Sykes
Daniel S. Webber
L. L. Weisenbcrger
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530 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Ohio — Contlnaed
Columbus Sidney Wheelhousc
Horace Willoughby
W. V. Wonderley
Samuel S. Wyer
Coshocton £. B. Smith
Cuyahoga Falls W. J. Cain
Phil. Lewis
Dayton W. E. Franz
P. A. Frevert
J. L. Lehman
George Light
W. W. Price
Delaware T. C. Jones
John F. Shoub
Denison J. R. Matson
East Liverpool T. H. Stephens
Elyria William M. Adams
H. H. Harrington
Findlay G. P. Schatzel
John Seibel
Fostoria E. L. Lepper
Fremont R. L. Hottinger
A. H. Lewis
Elmer Loveland
Galion F. E. Fralic
Geneva William E. Donnelly
Granville H. G. Miller
Greenville D. S. Robertson
Homer B. F. Blake
Hugh T. Boyd
George G. Oberfell
C. F. Ward
Ironton Ira S. Burford
Jefferson Ross Riggs
Jewett F. N. Donaldson
Kent O. M. Baldwin
Lancaster William Blum
J. C. Dallow
John J. Klise
James Murtaugh
T. T. Vandergrift
Lakewood Edward Smith
Leetonia Robert W. Gushing
Malta H. C. Hopp
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 531
Ohio — Continued
Mansfield B. R. Bay
C. E. Carter
S. M. Douglass
Harry G. Lcight
H. F. Finley
Marietta F. H. Leidccker
V. H. Lytle
P. J. Quinlan
F. L. Reed
Marion M. A. Mickley
Massiilon J. A. Foster
G. C. Tucker
Millersburg H. H. Church
C. F. Cluley
J. S. Hatfield
Mt. Vernon E. Brunner
R. G. Lord
C. O. Rockwell
Martin A. Thiel
Fred Thomas
A. A. Topp
Newark R. E. Boothe
L. F. Carl
New Lexington Ira L Hazlett
New Philadelphia W. H. Dimick
Niles Charles Kieser
Norwalk W. G. Kohl
Piqua F. B. Reeser
Portsmouth John McMillan
Ravenna E. P. Martin
Ed. Shriver
St. Clairsville C. A. McClintock
St. Marys Lemon G. Ncely
Salem H. A. Gager
J. Arch. Harwood
C. B. McCune
J. H. Montgomery
Springfield E. D. Abbott
Steubenville H. W. Bishop, Jr. .
O. J. Daugherty
L. S. Thomson
Sugar Grove CM. Hawk
H. T. Holland
Tiffin H. R. Rogers
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532 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Ohio — Continued
Toledo James H. Barr
R. J. Burkhalter
Frank Collins
F. G. Giegel
Albert H. Gindele
W. C. Longnecker
Charles Mascho
John P. McMahon
James W. McMahon
Charles S. Northup
W. H. Scott
Uhrichsville J. D. Walton
Utica Alphcus Snoke
O. C. Teague
Warren G. C. Lohr
L. M. McCormick
Washington C. H G. N. Clapp
Wcllston Charles H. Garard
Westerville O. L. Bruckner
West Park Charles Craft
J. W. Irwin
L. C. Klein
A. B. Shenker
B. Slogle
Wooster R. A. Brooks
James C. Bilrtner
F. D. Dougherty
Frederick Ewing
W. H. Frees
Charles L. Helm
A. G. Hottle
Park Hovis
H. D. Hull
William G. Leamon
J. L. Maloney
M. A. McHenry
Ira L. Neely
H. B. Odenkirk
Adrian T. Parr
Clifton W. Sears
George B. Wanamaker
Xenia R. W. Irwin
Youngstown John Baxter
Harry P. Fish
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 538
Ohio — Concluded
Youngstown C. E. Gallagher
D. J. Geary
William E. Manning
L. P. Voelke
W. E. Watson
Zanesville H. H. Dreibelbis
D. B. Riggs
Oklahoma.
Ardraore H. B. Goodrich
G. W. Russell
Bartlesville H. O. Ballard
Charles L. Bullock
Jerome B. Burnett
George H. Burriss
Everett Carpenter
Eugene Dai ley
Albert J. Diescher
Frank F. Finney
F. P. Fisher
H. V. Foster
A. D. Fyfe
John D. HacksUff
Richard C. HackstaiT
Roy S. Hazeltine
W. W. Hill
J. J. Larkin
R. C. Russum
J. H. Wiggins
W. A. Williams
Chandler W. W. Bruce
Gushing W. H. Tippett
Drumright J. F. Allen
Guthrie W. J. Dibbens
Muskogee H. C. Hoagland
Oklahoma City Charles N. Gould
Frank J. Meyer
Okmulgee J. S. Clark
Pawhuska H. H. Brenner
Poteau Howard N. Cassel
Sapulpa C. C. Cantrell
Tulsa Joseph Ardizzone
W. H. Bagley
Eugene C. Braden
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534 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Oklahoma — Concluded
Tulsa Glenn T. Braden
Floyd J. Bradford
Earle A. Qark
J. N. Clover
S. C. Clover
B. M. Gesscl
Harry N. Greis
A. L. Hastings
Harry Heasley
A. G. Heggem
J. P. Herr
A. W. Leonard
Robert J. Lindsay
W. R. Lindsay
Frank I. Louis
M. P. Lyon
L. R. McCarthy
S. F. McQuney
John L. O'Donnell
Fred J. Ossenbeck
Jay C. Painter
E. R. Perry
E. W. Sinclair
A. E. Watts
A. M. Wilson
Ponnoylvanla.
Altoona John Hilty
C. E. Torrance
Ardmore Isaac N. Knapp
Aspinwall Harry E. LeFevrc
Charles A. Ralph
Belle Vernon E. P. Noll
Blairsville Frank Heazlett
J. M. Torrance
Braddock L. R. Dingman
Bradford T. N. Bamsdall» 2nd
Elmer Beatty
P. M. Berwald
George P. Booth
C. U Qark
Eugene F. Conners
A. A. Crawford
R. R. Crowe
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 635
Pennsylvania — Continued.
Bradford Z. B. Custer
Carl K. Dresser
T. L. Hanlcy
L. E. Mallory
Fred A. Miller
A. J. Paris
R. S. Pringle
Frank N. Smith
W. P. Thompson
S. D. Weaver
Brave J. L. Ridgway
Harry P. Watts
Brookville R. B. Barnes
F. C. Deemcr
C. F. Kimmel
E. C Whitcomb
Guy H. Wingard
Brownsville Thomas D. Hann
Burgettstown D. W. Inghram
Butler Ralph A. Beach
Tom M. Black
C. M. Heetcr
W. H. Larkin
J. F. Lyon
Samuel Redic
Canonsburg John Foley
S. D. McCk>y
Carnegie C. L. Walters
Clarion C. F. Huff
Harry M. McCandless
N. W. Reed
George K Wearing
Clermont W. A. Hovis
Connellsville J. E. Angle
C. J. Poole
Coraopolis J, J. Ewing
John J. CDay
Corry G. M. Stafford
W. R Wilson
Donora J. H. Leathers
DuBois F. M. Michel
L. M. Simmons
East Brady C E. Cumings
East Pittsburgh Thomas C. Gifford
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536 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Pennsylvania — Continued.
East Pittsburgh A. G. Holmes
Elderton J. L. Siverling
Elkland T. A. Fessler
Emlenton C. E. Grant
Erdice H. E. Nelson
Erie Larmour Adams
Arthur M. Blinn
B. H. Donovan
E. G. Germer
Otto G. Hitchcock
Francis H. Payne
Charles J. Prior
Henry P. Westcott
Fair Haven J. S. Hildabrand
Franklin J. A. Miller
Ford City G. K. Bigler
J. M. Bridges
C. J. Crawford
Galeton P. E. Crowl
Glenshaw J. M. Kay
J. C. Titzel
Glenwillard Frank Lackey
Greensburg J. M. Klingensmith
Earle Pick
Greenville A. C. Hartzell
Grove City E. W. Jordan
Hallton R. E. Benninger
Frank G. Jackson
Harmony E. H. Hutchison
Harveys D. J. Stokes, Jr.
Homestead H. L. Smith
Indiana W. A. Bartley
Johnstown Robert Munro
Kane C. H. Adams
E. W. Aggers
L. C. Amey
. J. A. Henning
John Leonard
H. H. Marquis
Victor S. Teegustram
R. J. Williams
Kittanning John Crossett
Peter M. Kerr
Latrobe William Heazlctt
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, 687
Pennsylvania — Continued.
Latrobc S. T. Shaw
Ludlow Dennis O'Leary
McKeesport M. J. Garrity
Manor W. C. McClellan
Marwood M. B. Cypher
F. M. Holliday
Mapleton George B. Vance
Maycrstown George W. Schell
Mayport J. F. Anderson
Meadville Hugh P. Brawley
F. A. Fairchild
F. V. Stein
Mercer J. W. Ayer
Midland J. H. Fonner
Midway Charles R. Ballard
Monessen M. C. Crum
Mt. Jewett S. F. Murphy
C. H. Russell
Mt. Morris Robert Shear
Murraysville W. S. King
F. M Sloan
New Bethlehem Arthur C. Fleming
New Castle J. T. Campbell
New Kensington A. E. Myers
Oakmont J. S. McMunn
Oil City N. H. Benninger
E. R. Boyle
Patrick C. Boyle
Fred N. Chambers
W. P. Craig
James B. Crawford
Ronald B. Crawford
Raymond Cross
H. M. Ernst
C. W. Gleason
Lyman L. Graham
Lynn Holbrook
D. K. James
John F. Mason
P. L. Mulkin
C. E. Oliver
C. A. Pearson
Fred S. Rich
F. Sartorius
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538 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Pennsylvania — Continued.
Oil City Joseph Seep
John Tonkin
W. O. Walker
R. W. Ward
Henry P. Wegc
T. P. Weymouth
George Yardley
William T. Young
Philadelphia Harry S. Battin
Samuel T. Bodine
William Laird Brown
Walton Clark
W. F. Douthirt
C. Willing Hare
Robert C. James
John Bartleman Klumpp
Lewis Lillie
Sidney Mason
John D. Mcllhenny
Rollin Norris
Edward H. Rogers
Paul Thompson
Pittsburgh Walter Abbe, Jr.
Daniel Armstead
Andrew A. Armstrong
W. H. Arnold
Walter H. Arras
L. F. Barger
George W. Barnes
E. O. Bartlett
John C. Bartlett
R. H. Bartlett
E. L. Bartley
G. F. Batchelor
R. D. Beardsley
George K. Benner
O. Bieler
J. E. Billingsley
Arthur Boothe
H. K Bragdon
C. J. Braun, Jr.
A. L. Brinham
George R. Brink
D. J. Brown
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
Pennsylvania — Continued.
Pittsburgh Louis Brown
James I. Buchanan
S. E. W. Burnside
George A. Burrell
H. W. Burson
J. B. Cappeau
W. B. Carson
W. C. Chaplin
W. B. Chapman
James Clark
Robert E. Clark
W. G. Cole
W. F. Corcoran
John B. Corrin
Albert B. Craig
C E. Crawford
G. W. Crawford
G. A. Crosby
R. H. Cunningham
A. B. Dally, Jr.
Harvey N. Dauler
A. P. Davis
H. Alexander Dean
William C. Edwards
K J. Egan
C. D. Evans
F. I. Falk
Otto F. Felix
T. B. Foley
T. H. Foley
L. C Frohrieb
J. B. Gamer
John Gates, Jr.
John E. Gill
J. R. Goldsborough
A. R. Gray
William T. Griswold
F. D. Grunder
Joseph F. Guffey
E. F. Gwynn
F. L. Hadlcy
W. R. Hadley
C. T. Hall
Robert W. Hannan
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540 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Pennsylvania — Continued.
Pittsburgh Ralph \V. Hay
J. H. Healy
F. P. Hegerty
M. H. Kenning
H. D. Hildabrand
Dudley M. Hill
J. B. Hill
David O. Holbrook
E. D. Ivory
C. W. Johnson
Norwood Johnston
Roswell H. Johnson
Russell A. Johnson
J. E. Keenan
J. W. Kelly
J. J. Kennedy
A. N. Kerr
J. King
Virgil P. Kline
Frank Knapp
George T. Ladd
Robert Law, Jr.
Miles B. Layton
Edward D. Leland
R. M. Leland
F. A. Levy
Frank O. LeRoy
F. C. Leslie
T. L. Lewis
M. R. Marple
J. O. Martin
John G. McCabe
C. H. McCandless
Joseph McGellan
W. L. McQoy
R. A. McCrea
Jesse Clark McDowell
George R. McKee
William McKee
J. L McNally
C. A. Machesney
Edwin C. Merrill
D. F. Miller
R R. Miller
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 641
Pennsylvania — Continued.
Pittsburgh Fred W. Miner
C S. Mitchell
E. M. Moore
Lee C. Moore
P. A. Moran
John J. Murray
A. J. Newman
Thomas NicoU
John Ostermaier
A. B. Patterson
William M. Patterson
Christy Payne
James G. Pew
John G. Pew
Charles E. Pratt
S. C. Preston
H. A. Quay
William S. Ralston
Harvey Rankin
George W. Ratcliffe
J. A. Reed
James H. Reed
J. H. Reed, Jr.
W. G. Reel
E. B. Reeser
Harry C. Reeser
George N. Riley
D. Robertson
H. P. Roby
M. Romano
E. S. Rooney
Willard J. Rowland
C. H. Rupp
Louis L Sands
John H. Schalck
W. F. Schell
M. C. Schneider
J. W. Shay
John C. Sheppard
J. M. Simpson
Elmer Smith
H. L. Smith
W. H. Spain
W. A. Sprenkle
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542 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Pennsylvania — Continued.
Pittsburgh A. E. Staniek
S. B. Stewart
William Stewart
George J. Stuart
T. O. Sullivan
J. Roy Tanner
Edgar Thomas
Adam Tomer
John B. Tonkin
E. M. Treat
J. C. Trees
William B. Way
H. W. Wentzell
E. P. Whitcomb
J. B. Wikoff
George Wittmer, Jr.
Henry Wittmer
Thomas Wittmer
R. B. Woodworth
W. H. Young
C. W. Zimmerman
Portage J. A. Sloan
Port Allegany T. A. Dumm
J. W. Earner
A. B. Flint
F. A. French
D. H. Phillips
W. H. Richards
Reynoldsvillc CO. Berg
Ridgway C. H. Law
Roulette L. E. H. Brown
William A. Ditto
St, Marys Philip Dixon
Saxonburg Emil Rudert
Sharon J. P. Curry
S. W. Snyder
Sharpsburg S. H. Eastland
Shinglehouse S. F. Goble
W. M. Holly
J. H. Isherwood
A. J. Swarm
Sigel Grant West
Smethport Peter Fay
Louis E. Sterrett
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 543
Pennsylvania — Continued.
South McConnellsvillc William F. Richter
Tarentum L. R. Silliman
Ten Mile Bottom F. A. Cross
Tidioute B. L. Miller
Titusville George F. Fleming
W. T. Funk
Robert S. Hampton
F. C. Hanchett
Turtle Creek J. F. Bulger
C. R. Dietrich
Uniontown F. L. Garard
H. D. Hutchinson
L. L. Miller
Van J. P. Mansfield
Warren W. B. Clawson
W. H. Filler
George W. Hickernell
James W. Kitchen
C. P. McCalmont
H. H. McConnell
H. M. Prill
L. L. Wood
Washington George F. Drury
A. D. Kightlinger
J. W. Leonard
Henry Martin
William O'Brien
Hose Schaffer
W. P. Simmons
Patrick Yorke
Waynesburg C. E. Dittman
J. L. Fye
John Glass
W. E. Nestor
Albert Rush
P. A. Troutman
Westfield A. A. Presho
Wilkinsburg W. G. Ketler
J. W. Kidd
George A. Kinley
J. A. Lambing
Harry Porterfield
William Reichert
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544 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
Pennsylvania — Concluded
Woodlawn Arthur McClellan
George L. Ratcliffe
Rhode Island.
Providence George S. Barrows
Texas.
Abilene George H. Caff rey
Atlanta W. R Sipe
Corpus Christ! D. C. DeWitt
C. A. Schwarm
Corsicana E. R. Brown
Dallas J. E. Hutchinson
H. E. Manley
H. C. Morris
R. G. Soper
Denison T. W. H. Flinn
C. B. McKinney
Fort Worth L. E. Barrows
W. P. Gage
D. P. Harrington
F. W. Kirk
O. K. Shannon
Gainesville W. L Milne
Grossbeck R. L. Underwood
Laredo M. P. Cullinan
Marshall W. H. Sedberry
Mexia E. J. Anderson
Moran H. W. Brennan
Joseph Merket
Petrolia CM. Baker
Port Arthur J. S. Connelly
Wichita Falls W. C. Gibson
West Virginia.
Branchland L. P. McAllister
Bridgeport French Nicholscn
Charleston R. G. Altizer
A. M. Ballard
George R. Carpenter
Frank Cox
C. S. Duffield
John C. Ford
J. E. Frazier
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 646
WMt Vlrsinla — CoAttniied
Giarleston William Frradenberger
F. P. Grosscnp
Paul B. Groascap
Geo. F. Henneascy
D. C Jay
D. A. Ketchum
Robert Lockfaarl
W. C Marckworth
C. O. McDowell
R. N. Parks
J. W. Penhale
J. L Perdue
Edward Sadcett
L. A. Seyffert
P. C. Sloane
A. C. Smith
George £. Taylor
H. A. Wallace
James B. Weir
W. W. Wolfe
Oarksburg W. F. Alexander
S. W. Bowman
David J. Carter
H. C. Cooper
D. W. Cork
Filmore C. Devericks
R. F. Dolen
J. J. Evans
Wallace B. Gribble
F. B. Haymaker
Boyd £. Homer
Lynn S. Homer
Howard Jenkins
L. G. Kincheloe
W. C. McMasters
J. F. McNary
John Mowery
T. B. Peddicord
Emest Randolph
Charles C. Reed
Bert Singleton
H. L. Snyder
John H. Williams
Qendcnin T. R. Cartwright
♦35
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&46 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
West Virolnia — Ckmttnaed
QoKtoim L. V. Koontz
Dawes A. R. Rich
Fairmottt Curtis B. Fleming
G. H. Jackson
Nicholas Powers
F. B. Pryor
Edwin Robinson
Fainrlsw Lon Lavell
Farminglwi C. B. Bormann
Grafton T. W. Angle
Hastings C W. Brooks
Roy Glass
Hundred T.J.White
Huntington D. E. Abbott
E. G. Bums
O. L. Davies
G. I. Gassdorf
E. J. Greenwalt
J. F. Kent
E. J. King
J. T. McQintock
James P. McCloskey
John J. Nash
Raymond J. Nash
G. A. Northcott
G. H. Reckard
J. W. Reeser
Kenova Deo Jimerson
Kermit R. C. Leard
Littleton J. P. Campbell
R. J. Qarkson
McWhorter W. J. Droppleman
Mannmgton ^ Gaude M. Fleming
R. B. Howard
Thomas J. Jones
W. T. Smith
Miami L. D. Ikard
Middlebennie T. C. Kingsley
Miletus W. N. Baker
Morgantowft A. T. Casto
D. H. Courtney
D. T. Dttsenberry
Jesse J. Hall
W. E. Hunter
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 647
WMt Viroifiia^ Continued
Morgantown Clement Ross Jones
J. H. McDermott
W. H. South
Israel C White
Moundsvillc F. O. Funk
George M. Luther
S. W. Meals
Parkersburg T. B. Burns
J. T. Callanan
David B. Crawford
John M. Crawford
i Herman B. Hogg
I A. £. Kenney
Edward B. Rich
Wade H. Tonkin
! £. W. WiUiamson
j Peytona C. L. Short
Ransom John B. Brarier
St. Albans R. N. Sargent
St Marys A. 1. Sutton
Salem M. L. Campbell
J. E. Franier
J. K. Swartz
Sistersyille J. W. Cushing
F. W. Martin
Smithfield George B. Meredith
Smithville I. D. FranU
David White
Spencer Jay Geist
J. F. Geist
A. S. Heck
T. F. O'Brian
Weston Henry Brewster
C. C. Dunham
G. L. Hinemian
James J. Logue
Edward P. McCan
J. H. McGilvary
L. McNary, Jr.
William L. Sheets
J. W. Taylor
W. A. WillUms
J. W. Wilson
West Union F. S. Hazlett
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548 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OP AMERICA,
Wt0l Vlr«lnl« — Ooneliided
West Union John C. Stitt
Wbeelmg J(^ Duncan
A. S. Hare
Paul Luebedcer
J. F. Nestor
George B. Riddk
Wilsonburg K. H. Bane
Charles Caveneau
WlMonaln.
Milwaukee A. O. Rutz
J, C Wflson
CANADA.
AJbMta.
Calgary R. L. Bevan
Dillon Coste
Eugene Coste
Stuart W. Davies
F. J. Heuperman
W. £. Larkham
Porter D. Mellon
A. I. Payne
H. B. Pearson
C H. Spencer
H. S. Tims
Hwi Brunswick.
Moncton • £. A. Cmnmings
Ontario.
Brantf ord W. E. Howard
Caledonia B. N. Berry
Chatham R. L. Pattinson
W. G. Ryan
F. D. Wittorski
DunvUle Roy Lindsay
Essex C. J. Near
Gah W.J.Marriott
Hamilton H. W. Braden
A. F. Covey
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 549
Ontario — Concluded
Hamilton Clarence H. Grace
T. A. Hall
A. G. May
John B. McNary
Ingersoll M. D. Montgomery
Kingsville M. J. Roberts
George Scratch
London James C. Duffield
Frank B. Tomb
James M. H. Young
Merlin Glenn N. Gale
Lloyd Stroup
David H. Tucker
Niagara Falls D. A. Coste
Port Alma John Stroup
Reymer J. B. Bower
Rodney George Bullock
St Catherines W. B. Davies
William B. Davies
St Thomas J. E. McCrimmon
C. C. Roberts
Samia John B. Williams
Simcoe Harrison Stringer
Toronto W. W. Near
Vienna J. W. Howard
Windsor R. B. Kilpatrick
Gordon D. Wickett
Woodstock James A. Doherty
H. Fulsom
ENGLAND.
London Arthur Graham Glasgow
James A. L. Henderson
Campbell M. Hunter
HOLLAND.
Amsterdam E. D. Pyzel
HUNGARY.
Budapest Jacques Kanitz
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550
NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OP AMERICA.
SOUTH AMERICA.
Aroentine.
Buenos Aires President, General
Explotacion del Petroleo de Ck>modore Riyadaya.
SUMMARY OP GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.
Alabama ^
Arkansas
California
Connecticut
District of Columbia
Illinois
Indiana
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Missouri
New Jersey
2 New York
16 Ohio
18 Oklahoma
8 Pennsylvania
2 Rhode Island
21 Texas
11 West Virginia
27 Wisconsin
12 Calgary, Canada
19 New Brunswick, Canada...
2 Ontario, Canada
8 England
8 Holland
21 Hungary
2 Argentine, South America.
Total
129
414
1
. 26
149
2
11
1
39
3
1
1
1
1296
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THE ASSOaATION OF NATURAL
GAS SUPPLY MEN
OFFICERS 1917-1918.
PrMident
David O. Holbrook Natural Gas Association, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Vice President
William B. Way Ludlow Valve Mfg. Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Treaeurer
Thomas C Clifford Pittsburgh Meter Company, East Pittsburgh, Pa.
Secretary
Larmour Adams Metric Metal Works, Erie, Pa.
Directors
W. K. Hughes Continental Supply Company, St. Louis, Mo.
W. B. Patterson Frick & Lindsay Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
R. A. McKinney Manhattan Rubber Mfg. Company, Passaic, N. J.
F. R. Hutchinson Gas Appliance Company, Cleveland, Ohio.
F. W. Miner National Supply Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Wm. McKee Chaplin-Fulton Mfg. Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
L. F. Hamilton National Tube Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
D. O. Holbrook Natural Gas Association, Pittsburgh, Pa.
T. C. Clifford Pittsburgh Meter Company, East Pittsburgh, Pa.
Larmour Adams Metric Metal Works, Erie, Pa.
O. F. Felix Equitable Meter Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
W. B. Glover Oil Well Supply Con^Mmy, - Pittsburgh, Pa.
B. T. Bechtel Mark Mfg. Company, Chicago, 111.
W. B. Way Ludlow Valve Mfg. Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
E. S. Rooney Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
(551)
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DIRECTORY OF MEMBERSHIP
Ajax Iron Works Corry, Pa.
Allegheny Steel Co Pittsbuiighf Pa.
Anchor Packing Co Pittsburgh, Pa,
Bessemer Gas Engine Co Grove City, Pa.
Borden Company Warren, Ohio
Bristol Co., The Waterhury, Conn.
Broderick & Bascom Rope Co St Louis, Mo.
Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co Qeveland, Ohio
Builders Iron Foundry Providence, R. I.
Byers, A. M. Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Carnegie Steel Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Chaplin-Fulton Mfg. Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Cincinnati Rubber Mfg. Co Cincinnati, Ohio
Clark & Norton Mfg. Co Wellsville, N. Y.
Qeveland Gas Meter Co Cleveland, Ohio
Colona Mfg. Co Pittsburgh, Pa.. .
Columbia Gas Stove Co Huntington, W. Va.
Columbian Rope Co Auburn, N. Y.
Columbus Hjeating & V^tilating Co Columbus, Ohio
Continental Supply Co St. Louis, Mo.
Cooper, C. & G. Co Mt. Vernon, Ohio
Crandall Pettee Co New York City
Davis-Boumonville Co Jersey City, N, J.
Dayton Pipe Coupling Co Dayton, Ohio
Davison, N. C, Gas Burner & Welding Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Draeger Oxygen Apparatus Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Dresser, S. R., Mfg. Co Bradford, Pa.
Equitable Meter Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Erie Trailer Mfg. Co Erie, Pa.
Estate Stove Co Hamilton, Ohio
Fitler, Edwin H. Co Philadelphia, Pa.
Foxboro Co., The Foxboro, Mass.
Franklin Co., The Canton, Ohio
Frick & Lindsay Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Fuel Oil Journal Houston, Texas
(55«)
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 663
Garlock Packing Co Palmyra, N. Y.
Gas Age, The New York City
Gas Appliance Co • • Qeveland, Ohio
Gas Record Chicago, 111.
General Fire Extinguisher Co Providence, R. I.
Germer Stove Co Erie, Pa.
Goodrich, B. F. Co Akron, Ohio
Graves Supply Co Cincinnati, Ohio
Gwynn Gas Burner & Eng. Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Hammon Coupler Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Haymond Co Muncie, Ind.
Hays Mfg. Co Erie, Pa.
Hazard Mfg. Co Chicago, 111.
Heeter, C. M. Sons & Co., Inc Butler, Pa.
Hewitt Rubber Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Hooven, Owens, Rentschler Co Hamilton, Ohio
Hope Engineering & Supply Co Pittsburgh, Pa,
Ideal Heating Co., The Columbus, Ohio
IngersoU-Rand Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
International Hale Gas Mixer Mfg. Co Detroit, Mich.
Jarecki Mfg. Co Erie, Pa.
Jiffy Water Heater Co St. Louis, Mo.
Jones & Laughlin Steel Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
LaBelle Iron Works Steubcnville, O.
La ttimer- Stevens Co., The Columbus, O.
Leschen, A. ft Sons Rope Co. St. Louis, Mo.
Lezius Automatic Draft Regulator Co Qeveland, O.
Lucey Mfg. Corporation Pittsburgh, Pa.
Ludlow Valve Mfg. Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Macomber & Whyte Rope Co Kenosha, Wb.
Manhattan Rubber Mfg. Co Passaic, N. J.
Mark Mfg. Co Chicago, 111.
Maxon Premix Burner Co Muncie, Ind.
Meek Oven Mfg. Co Newburyport, Mass.
Metric Metal Works Erie, Pa.
Minneapolis Heat Regulator Co Minneapolis, Minn.
Modern Iron Works Quincy, 111.
Modem Safety Gas Iron Co Philadelphia, Pa.
Moon Mfg. Co., The Chicago, 111.
Moore, Lee C. & Co., Inc Pittsburgh, Pa.
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554 NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,
Moser Mfg. G> Kane, Pa.
Mueller, H. Mfg. Co Decatur, 111.
Nathan Mfg. Co New York City
National Supply Co Pittsburgh, Pa
National Transit Pump & Machine Co Oil City, Pa.
National Tube Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Natural Gas Journal ..Buffalo, N. Y.
New Bedford Cordage Co New York City
New York Belting & Packing Co. New York City
Nye, A. T. & Son Co. Marietta, O.
Oil & Gas Journal Tulsa, Okla.
Oil City Boiler Works , . . .Oil City, Pa.
Oil Well Supply Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Oxweld Acetylene Co Chicago, 111.
Parkcrsburg Machine Co Parkersburg, W. Va.
Parkersburg Rig & Reel Co Parkersburg, W. Va,
Peerless Heater Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Pennsylvania Furnace & Stove Co Warren, Pa.
Pittsburg Meter Co E. Pittsburgh, Pa.
Pittsburgh Reinforced Brazing & Mach. Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Pittsburgh Valve & Fittings Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Pittsburgh Valve, Foundry & Const Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Pittsburgh Water Heater Co ..Pittsburgh, Pa.
Plymouth Cordage Co N. Plymouth, Mass.
Pratt & Cady Co., Inc New York City
Pritchard Supply Co Mannington, W. Va.
Reid, Jos. Gas Engine Co Oil City, Pa.
Reliable Stove Co Cleveland, O.
Republic Iron & Steel Co Youngstown, O.
Revere Rubber Co Chelsea, Mass.
Reznor Mfg. Co Mercer, Pa.
Riesenman Mfg. Co., Ltd Franklin, Pa.
Robinson, J. R & Co Oil City, Pa.
Robinson Packer & Machine Co. Coffeyville, Kan.
Roebling, John A. Sons Co Trenton, N. J.
Rossendale-Reddaway Belting & Hose Co Newark, N. J.
Ruud Mfg. Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Sanitary Co. of America Linfield, Pa.
Schaeffer & Budenberg Mfg. Co Pittsburgh, Pa.
Scientific Heater Co The Qeveland, O
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TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 555
Sclas Co Canton, O.
Solar Light Co New York City
South Chester Tube Co Chester, Pa.
Spang, Chalfant & Co Pittsburgh, Pa,
Sprague Meter Co — Bridgeport, Conn.
Strause Gas Iron Co Philadelphia, Pa.
Superior Gas Engine Co Springfield, O.
Tate- Jones & Co., Inc Pittsburgh, Pa.
Taylor, W. P. Co BuflFalo, N. Y.
Toledo Pipe Threading Machine Co Toledo, O.
Troop Mfg. Co Pittsburg, Pa.
United Seal Co Columbus, O
Utica Valve & Fixture Co Utica, N. Y.
Welsbach Co Gloucester City, N. J.
Westinghouse Machine Co Pittsburs^, Pa.
Wheeling Steel & Iron Co Wheeling, W. Va.
Wolfe, Linden W Oil City, Pa.
Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp Buffalo, N. Y.
Wright Wire Co Worcester, Mass.
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co Youngstown, O.
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