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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
PROGRESS
IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS
BY
STEPHEN T. MATHER
ASSISTANT TO THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1916
la
Vs
CONTENTS.
Page.
Informing, the peoples. 22 se Ss eee 4
Increased travel against adverse conditions____________________________ 5
AStonishine increase in motorrttavel-. -2-=) == ee 5
Motor revenues tom park improvement=——=2=— = se 6
Congressmaterially, helped 2s2=~S_.- = =-_ 3) ee eee 6
Cooperation of the National Geographic Society________-_-_____________ f¢
Creation of thewNational Park Services=—2= = eee 7 my
Twormnew. National parks. —- 9 2 .- =. 5 2 eee 8
National parks to pay their OWn Way—_———) == eee 9
Wanted: Gatewsys to our national parks==)—- == 2s) =e 9
Yellowstone: National. Park==—_____ = (2 = - Se eee 9
What has been accomplished in Yellowstone________________--______ 9
Automobiles to) Supplantvhorses==2 == — =e ese eee 10 2
Rangers take the place of soldiers-—-=—= === eee alg! ‘
Glacier National, Park... == 25>...) 222 See eee ial Sie,
A-good season at Glacier. 2. 222 oe Se ee 11
New: enterprises’ planned). > See eee 12
Desirable road development =-_ ~== 22326 ae et ee ee eee te
Adequate administration buildings needed____--__-________________ 13
Improved roads’ and new wtrails- 222° eee 14
Plenty of trail horses hereafter. 2-3 2222. 2 ee ee = 15 pa
Yosemite's great development =—222 222.4 22 eee eee 15 f
Congressional appropriations 25)" a eee 17 :
Mount: Rainier developedsi-2 2.2 2. ee Se ee ee 19 i
Crater ‘Lake prospects: 225 2250 fe 3 ee ee 22 “
Sequoia National Park" — so 255 2 a a ee ee 2S r
“The Greater. Sequola:? 2a 25 So I, ao oe 23 oe
Géneral Grant National Parks. 2 22) es 24 :
Heavy travel to Rocky Mountain National Park______________§_-_=§_ == 24 ‘
The Hot ‘Springs ‘Reservation 2222 222 Sa ee ee a ee eee 25 M
Mesa {Vierde- National) Park = S02. Ss See 26 “$
In‘ generale] 222 See 2 Se ee ee ee 27 fe
Appendicest22. =a aees eee eee 2 REE Es oe en ee 28 i
National parks satcarelances see" es Sea ee ee 28 4
Statisties]. 4 25.23. 5 eee eee eee 30
National=-park publications 2) ee ee eee 36 ¥
Distributed by the Secretary of the Interior____________________ 36
Sold by the Superintendent of Documents______________________ 36 x
Pamphiletsec 22's. ae eee ater 2 aoe eben a ce 36 ‘2
Panoramic views 2022s 02 a ee eee 38 fy
Maps sold by the U. S. Geological Survey_________-_____________ 38 i
ILLUSTRATION.
on §
Map showing location of National parks and monuments________-__-____ 20 %
2; ea” +
D. of D,
PER co ous 917 :
Saag ee
PROGRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
NATIONAL PARKS.
By StepHen T. Maruer.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
Washington, D. C., November 14, 1916.
My Dear Mr. Secrerary: In assigning me, amorig other things,
the duty of exercising administrative supervision of the national
parks and general control of their development and operation as
playgrounds for the American people, you expressed your firm be-
hef that the scenery and natural features of scientific interest in
these parks surpassed those of any other country; and you cherished —
the hope that they should become the objectives of American tourist
travel, not only for the duration of the great European war but
after its conclusion and the restoration of peace.
You requested me to make every effort to provide accommodations
in the national parks for all classes of visitors, and to give as much
attention to the needs of the tourist with a small income as to those
of the wealthy visitor accustomed to luxury. You were particularly
desirous that the creature comforts of all park visitors be provided
and that every precaution be taken to make travel on all roads and
trails safe. You recognized the necessity for encouraging travel
to the parks and approved plans for making better known their
beauty and grandeur. You regarded the national parks as a great
economic asset which had theretofore been entirely overlooked by
the Federal Government, and authorized me to begin their develop-
ment on a broad-gauge scale.
I take pleasure in advising you at this time that every phase of this
assignment has received attention and that much has been accom-
plished. The results that I have to report are gratifying, and demon-
strate the wisdom of undertaking this comprehensive development.
_ These results I will briefly outline.
3
+ DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS.
INFORMING THE PEOPLE.
Realizing that success depends ultimately upon public support,
and knowing that the people were surprisingly ignorant of the
extent, variety, magnificence, and economic value of their national
parks, I early inaugurated an earnest campaign of public education
under the management of Robert Sterling Yard.
To this end the information circulars were immediately rewritten,
reorganized, and distributed under a new and effective plan. Last
winter a descriptive booklet entitled “Glimpses of our National
Parks” was written by Mr. Yard to meet special educational needs.
The astonishing demand that immediately developed for this book
assured me that the public was eager for the facts.
I followed this in the early summer by the publication, with the
financial cooperation of 17 western railroads, of Mr. Yard’s “ Na-
tional Parks Portfolio,” an elaborately illustrated volume written
and designed for the purpose of differentiating the principal national
parks and presenting an adequate pictorial representation of each.
An edition of about 275,000 of these was distributed over specially
compiled lists and reached appreciative hands. Forty-three thousand
dollars were contributed by the railroads toward the cost of issuing
these portfolios, and this sum represented only a small part of the
contributing railroads’ total expense in advertising the national parks
reached by their respective lines.
In addition to these important publications many hundreds of
photographs were collected from many sources and distributed to
magazines and newspapers desiring to publish them, and facts and
figures regarding national parks were furnished freely to newspaper
and magazine writers who sought them as a result of the rapidly
growing public interest inspired by the department. All of this
material was freely offered to all writers and periodicals without
discrimination, and was followed by an extraordinary increase in the
informative periodical literature on the subject.
A result of this educational campaign of the department, rein-
forced as it was by the voluntary activity of newspapers and maga-
zines, was the stimulation of a country-wide interest in the parks,
which brought a volume of requests for detailed information regard-
ing them and a demand by individuals, associations, and schools for
photographs, motion pictures, lantern slides, and lectures, which the
department of course could not meet. The demand for the loan of
motion-picture films and lantern slides particularly has become im-
perious. It is increasing rapidly and some means should be provided
for supplying the department with an adequate stock of this educa-
tional material in order that the people may be taught the purposes
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS. 5
and uses of their national parks in the manner for which they them-
selves express so plain a preference.
INCREASED TRAVEL AGAINST ADVERSE CONDITIONS.
Under the stimulus of this public interest it was expected, in the
early days of the season just closed, that travel to the parks would be
heavy, but it was not expected to equal that of the year before, which,
with the lure of the western expositions, had been phenomenal. Re-
ports from the parks, however, clearly indicate that the 1916 travel
not only did not fall below that of last year, but actually exceeded it.
Of course, the travel did not increase in every park, but in several
parks. In Rocky Mountain National Park, for example, the increases
were so large that they more than offset the decreases in other reser-
vations.
However, travel to all of the parks was far above the normal of the
years before their development was undertaken. And we can not
refrain from conjecturing how much heavier it would have been had
not unforeseen conditions intervened to discourage and retard travel
in all sections of the country. These conditions were the very late
spring and the threatened railroad strike. There is no doubt that
they adversely influenced railroad travel to the parks.
ASTONISHING INCREASE IN MOTOR TRAVEL.
The travel that was less seriously affected by these unfavorable
weather and industrial conditions was the motor travel. It deserves
special mention here. Last season 12,563 cars registered at the por-
tals of the various parks, and this year’s reports show that 19,848
cars, carrying 78,916 tourists, passed through them and made tours
of the parks. The number of tourists entering the parks in private
cars is astonishing when one takes into consideration the fact that
they have been opened to motor traffic only a very few years and
that one of the larger parks has only been open a season and a half.
This tremendous increase in automobile travel leads to one con-
clusion only, and that is that in the early future travel in private
machines will overtake the increasing railroad travel and constitute
the greater portion of all park travel. This makes it incumbent upon
the Federal Government to prepare for the great influx of auto-
mobiles by constructing new roads and improving existing highways
wherever improvement is necessary.
At the present time there are only two parks, Yosemite and Yellow-
stone, which have more than a very few miles of highway con-
structed, and they have naturally enjoyed the largest patronage by
motorists. Much remains to be done, however, in these reservations,
6 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS.
and particularly in Yosemite, where roads within the park are not in
any way comparable with the State highways of California.
Much has been done, however, to encourage motor travel to these
two parks. Automobile maps have been issued under the direction
of the Superintendent of National Parks, Mr. R. B. Marshall, show-
ing clearly all hotels, camps, and supply stations, as well as roads in
the parks. These also give information as to the roads and distances
between points outside of their boundaries. For instance, the map of
Yellowstone Park indicates the highways leading to the various
entrances of the park from the States of Idaho, Montana, and
Wyoming.
MOTOR REVENUES FOR PARK IMPROVEMENT.
Another feature of motor travel deserving mention is the revenue
that is derived from automobile fees for park purposes. This year
$65,311 was received from automobile fees as against $42,589 in 1915,
and $14,245 in 1914. Vigorous protests have been made against ae
direct tax on the motorist, but it must be maintained ne larger
appropriations are made te the construction and maintenance of
roads suitable for motor traffic. Perhaps it should be continued in-
definitely as a means of providing funds to repair the natural wear
and tear on roads and bridges, the deterioration of which is un-
usually severe where they are used extensively by motor cars.
Whatever may be done in this connection, the fact remains that
American motorists are intensely interested in the national parks,
are visiting them in ever increasing numbers, and are contributing,
by way of automobile fees large sums of money toward park improve-
ment and administration. They have the right, then, to expect that
the Federal Government will pursue a broad policy in the extension
of road systems in the several parks, and that they shall enjoy all
privileges not inconsistent with good administration of the parks’
management and protection.
Taking everything into consideration, no policy of national-park
management has yielded more thoroughly gratifying results than
that which guided the admission of motor-driven vehicles to the use
of the roads of all of the parks.
CONGRESS MATERIALLY HELPED.
It is natural and fitting that the rapidly increasing interest in
national parks on the part of the people should favorably affect the
attitude of Congress toward them. Appropriations for their im-
provement and protection for the current fiscal year were consider-
ably larger than those of previous years, $511,300 for 1917 being
appropri: ied as against $252,550 for the fiscal year 1916 and $283,590
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS. |
for 1915. For the first time also funds have been provided for the
care and protection of the national monuments under the Interior
Department, many of which have scenic as well as historical value.
Twenty-one thousand five hundred dollars was appropriated for the
fiscal year 1917.
COOPERATION OF THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.
Recognition has also been given for the first time to the danger of
destruction which has threatened most of the largest and noblest
trees in the world, the Big Trees (Sequoia washingtoniana) of
Sequoia National Park. These Big Trees stand on land patented to
citizens of California before the creation of park, and can be
destroyed at any time by their owners. The sundry civil act of July
i, 1916, which carries all national park appropriations for the cur-
rent fiscal year, contains a provision making available the sum of
$50,000 for the purchase of the private holdings on which these
splendid trees are growing. Negotiations with the owners of these
lands in the Giant Forest, which this section of the park is called,
disclosed the inadequacy of this appropriation to effect their pur-
chase. Seventy thousand dollars was demanded for all of these hold-
ings and all other holdings of the same interests, and no tract could
be purchased unless all of the properties were included in the
transaction. :
The outlook for the perpetual preservation of the Giant Forest was
growing dark when cooperation in the safeguarding of the forest was
tendered by the National Geographic Society. On November 10 the
board of managers of the society arranged to apply $20,000 of the
funds of their organization to cover the difference between the pur-
chase price of the forest land and the congressional appropriation;
and by this generous action we are now able to extinguish the largest
private ownership of the great trees of the park and insure their
preservation for our generation and for posterity. The holdings
purchased with this additional fund will be donated to the Federal
Government. The members of the National Geographic Society may
justly be proud of their participation in this national enterprise.
Their contribution marks an important step in the progress of the
science of geography, a science which has received such a tremendous
stimulus through the activities of the society.
CREATION OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE.
The special legislation of greatest importance was the passage of
the national park service bill, providing for the establishment of a
bureau in Washington to administer as a properly coordinated sys-
tem all of the national parks and the national monuments under the
8 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS.
jurisdiction of the Interior Department. This substitutes efficiency
for the former haphazard consideration of each separate park by a
small force in the office of the chief clerk of the department, already
burdened with numerous other important duties.
This measure provides for the appointment of a director and as-
sistant director as the executive officers of the bureau and a small
corps of clerks, stenographers, etc., all charged with the perform-
ance of duties relating solely to the administration and supervision
of the national park system. It is an important step forward which
renders possible.the realization of the manifest destiny of our na-
tional parks as one economic asset.
TWO NEW NATIONAL PARKS.
Next in importance may be mentioned the creation of the new
Lassen Volcanic National Park in California, and the Hawaii Na-
tional Park which embraces the craters of the three great volcanoes,
Kilauea, Mauna Loa, and Haleakala, on the Hawaiian Islands.
A bill providing the creation of Mount McKinley National Park
in Alaska passed the Senate, and is now pending in the House of
Representatives, and a bill providing for the extension of the bound-
aries of the Rocky Mountain National Park to include a number of
natural features possessing unusual scenic value passed the House
of Representatives, and is now awaiting consideration in the Senate.
Three other bills placed on the statute books by the Sixty-fourth
Congress relate to Federal exclusive jurisdiction of Yellowstone,
Mount Rainier, and Crater Lake National Parks. A defect in the
act of May 7, 1894, relating to the punishment of misdemeanors in
the Yellowstone National Park, was corrected. Exclusive jurisdic-
tion of Mount Rainier and Crater Lake National Parks had pre-
viously been ceded to the Federal Government, and by the act of
June 30, 1916, and the act of August 21, 1916, respectively, the
tendered jurisdiction of these parks was accepted and provision made
for United States commissioners to punish violations of the Federal
laws, rules, and regulations of the respective parks.
These laws are important because they give the Government better
control of the three parks involved and assure their better protection
from depredations. Cession of jurisdiction over Yosemite, Sequoia,
General Grant, and Lassen Volcanic Parks in California and Mesa
Verde and Rocky Mountain National Parks in Colorado to the
Federal Government is earnestly recommended, and steps should be
taken to secure the passage of measures designed to accomplish this
purpose by the Legislatures of California and Colorado.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS. 9
NATIONAL PARKS TO PAY THEIR OWN WAY.
It has been your desire that ultimately the revenues of the several
parks might be sufficient to cover the costs of their administration
and protection and that Congress should only be requested to appro-
priate funds, for their improvement. It appears that at least five
parks now have a proven earning capacity sufficiently large to make
their operation on this basis feasible and practicable. They are
Yellowstone, Yosemite, Mount Rainier, Sequoia, and General Grant.
Accordingly estimates have only been submitted to Congress for ap-
propriations for improvements of these parks.
The revenues of Rocky Mountain, Mesa Verde, Crater Lake, and
the new Lassen Volcanic Parks are covered into the miscellaneous
receipts of the Federal Treasury. Legislation providing for the
use of the revenues of these parks in their improvement or for
administrative purposes is earnestly recommended.
WANTED: GATEWAYS TO OUR NATIONAL PARKS.
Many of the parks should have gateways to mark their boundaries.
These gateways should be simple, dignified, and in complete harmony
with their environments. They should not be costly structures and
should be erected if possible before next season. Gateways already
constructed at the northern entrance to Yellowstone and the south-
western entrance to Mount Rainier are most impressive, and it is
with a thrill of pride in our great national playgrounds that the
average visitor passes through these gates and beneath the Stars and
Stripes waving over them. f
Proceeding to a review of the 1916 season in the several parks,
Yellowstone National Park will first be considered.
YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK.
WHAT HAS BEEN ACCOMPLISHED IN YELLOWSTONE.
For the first time in the history of the park, tourists were carried
to three of the gateways, each by a different railroad. The new
entrance is the Cody or eastern entrance. It offers a full day’s ride
through remarkable natural scenery and past the great Shoshone
Dam, second highest in the world. To accomplish this, the Chicago,
Burlington & Quincy Railroad operated a special summer-train serv-
ice to Cody, Wyo., and spent money in large sums in promoting this
gateway. The service was largely experimental, but it was eminently
satisfactory, and the Burlington route is to be congratulated on its
successful enterprise.
69006°—16——2
10 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS.
From the railroad terminus the Cody-Sylvan Pass Motor Co.
transported tourists to the Lake Hotel in the park, where they were
transferred to horse-drawn stages operating on the park “circle.”
Still a fourth entrance, that on the south, is planned. It is my hope
that it will be opened for regular tourist travel by next season. This
gateway will afford an unsurpassed opportunity to view the Teton
Mountains, Jackson Lake, and the other distinguished features of
Jackson Hole. The railroad terminus nearest this entrance to the
park is the town of Victor on the Oregon Short Line. When roads
now building are completed, travel by private motor car through
Jackson Hole and the southern entrance will be heavy indeed.
Automobile travel in Yellowstone Park was very heavy during the
season which has just closed; 3,445 automobiles, carrying 14,980
tourists, entered and toured the park. The majority of these visitors
patronized the hotels and camps, thus materially augmenting the
revenues of these enterprises in a season when their income from
regular sources was considerably reduced by special conditions. To
accommodate those motorists who carried their own camp equipment,
four large automobile shelter camps were established near the prin-
cipal points of interest in the park.
AUTOMOBILES TO SUPPLANT HORSES.
Because the stage horses on the belt-line road were unaccustomed
to automobiles it has been necessary to operate both horse-drawn
and motor-driven vehicles on schedules that prevented the two types
of traffic from meeting anywhere in the park. This was somewhat
cumbersome and caused some inconvenience, but the schedule was a
very reasonable one and was generally obeyed implicitly. The time
has come now, however, when all transportation lines in the park
must be motorized, and steps are to be taken at once to bring the
change around.
I have no doubt that the antiquated method of handling tourists
in Yellowstone National Park was responsible in part for the great
reduction in railroad travel there this season. Visitors have always
been rushed through Yellowstone, with no encouragement whatever
to spend vacation periods in the park. Neither have facilities for
making long stays pleasant been provided, although splendid hotels,
with every modern convenience, are operated each season. Golf
links, tennis courts, swimming pools, and other equipment for out-
door pastime and exercise should be provided by concessions, and
the park should be extensively advertised as.a place to spend the
summer instead of five or six days of hurried sight-seeing under
constant pressure to keep moving. ‘Trail trips into out-of-the-way
parts of the park should be developed. When tourists have the op-
portunity to enjoy Yellowstone National Park under different con-
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS. 11
ditions than now they will want to return year after year. There is
no national park better suited by nature for spending leisurely va-
cations.
RANGERS TAKE THE PLACE OF SOLDIERS.
On October 1 Fort Yellowstone, at-Mammoth Hot Springs, was
abandoned by the War Department and the troops which for many
years have been guarding the park were withdrawn and sent back to
their regiments. The Interior Department sanctioned the removal
of this detachment upon the representation by the War Department
that its members were needed in their own regiments. A corps of
civilian rangers composed of especially selected noncommissioned
officers and privates, discharged from the Army upon request of this
department, was organized, and these men are now policing the park.
The National Park Service could not have taken over the ad-
ministration and protection of this park had it not been able to
rely on its revenue fund to finance the transfer of guardianship. The
revenues of the park for the 1916 season were approximately $60,000,
of which slightly less than half were derived from automobile fees.
Last year the total revenues were $44,713. These figures clearly in-
dicate that only appropriations for improvements and new works
will be necessary hereafter.
Col. Lloyd M. Brett, the commandant at Fort Yellowstone,
finished on September 30 six years of loyal and unselfish service as
acting supervisor of the park. In this position he performed duties
most important to the Nation at large, and he can not be too highly
commended for the success of his administration.
Road construction and improvement in Yellowstone Park will
remain in charge of the Engineer Corps of the Army, but it is
believed that the general supervision of these improvements should
be exercised by the National Park Service. In view of the fact that
the roads in the park are being built for the department, some
voice should be had by us in planning these improvements.
Before the opening of the 1917 season gateways should be erected
at the Yellowstone or western entrance, Cody or eastern entrance,
and Snake River or southern entrance. At the present time there
is nothing better than a post or two containing a multitude of
printed and typewritten notices to mark these points of ingress and
egress to the largest and best-known park in the Nation.
GLACIER NATIONAL PARK.
A GOOD SEASON AT GLACIER.
While there were a few less visitors to Glacier National Park dur-
ing the season of 1916 than during that of 1915, the average time
spent by the individual tourists in the park was considerably longer
12 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS.
than his average stay in previous years. Indeed the average period
spent in touring this park this year was probably as long as the
average stay of tourists in any other national park.
It is also significant that numerous visitors were men and women
who had spent one or more previous seasons within its boundaries.
Several of them had spent in the park part of every summer since its
creation, and I know of one or two parties who have made as many
as 11 visits to this wonderful scenic reservation.
Glacier, therefore, was a very popular park this past season, and
its popularity was of the sort that endures and grows with the years.
It is this sort of popularity that every park should enjoy. Others,
Rocky Mountain, Mount Rainier, and Yosemite, particularly, enjoy a
similar popularity, but it is not quite so genuine as Glacier’s popu-
larity seems to be. Of course, accommodations for the care of the
tourist in Glacier Park have been the most potent factor in in-
fluencing this growth of popular sentiment.
Previous to this season hotel and camp accommodations were ade-
quate in just two parks, Yellowstone and Glacier, and I have already
explained that no effort has ever been made to encourage visitors to
return year after year to Yellowstone.
Glacier, then, at the beginning of this season had on the east side
of the Continental Divide the splendid new Glacier Park Hotel and
Many Glaciers Hotel, five inviting chalets, and several tepee camps,
all owned and operated by the Glacier Park Hotel Co., under the
efficient management of Mr. Howard A. Noble; and on the west side
of the divide there were two more chalets belonging to the east side
system and Mr. John E. Lewis’s hotel on Lake McDonald, ideally
situated, unique in sylvan architecture, and first class in all its~
appointments.
NEW ENTERPRISES PLANNED.
The faith of the Glacier Park Hotel Co. and of Mr. Lewis in the
genuineness of the popularity of the park and its consequent growth
in tourist travel is convincingly illustrated by their plans for ex-
tensive improvements in their properties and the construction of new
hotels and chalet groups. I am informed by officers of the Glacier
Park Hotel Co. that it contemplates the construction of a fine new
hotel in the beautiful Red Eagle country, provided the Federal Gov-
ernment will construct a road up the valley to make this hotel acces-
sible. Such a road should be built in the near future. The hotel
company also plans extensive improvements in its Going-to-the-Sun
Chalet group on Lake St. Mary, and further additions to its Lake
McDermott enterprises.
On the other side of the park Mr. Lewis has already initiated con-
struction work on a large addition to his Lake McDonald Hotel, and
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS. 13
has intimated that he may seek the privilege of erecting a camp or
chalet group on Bowman Lake, one of the very large lakes in the
northwestern part of the park. This section of extraordinary beauty
is terra incognita to all but a relatively few venturesome visitors who
have made extensive trail trips with their own camp equipment.
Should Bowman Lake be provided with tourist accommodations it
would become the fifth extensively developed lake of the park. The
four already developed are Lakes St. Mary, McDermott, McDonald,
and Two Medicine.
DESIRABLE ROAD DEVELOPMENT.
Another large lake that should have attention in the early future
by the Federal Government and by business enterprise is Waterton
Lake, which lies on the international boundary and in one of the most
beautiful valleys of Glacier Park. This valley extends on through
Waterton Lakes Park, Canada, which joins Glacier Park on the
north. A road should be constructed up the McDonald River Valley
over Flattop and down the Waterton Valley to the lake. Ulti-
mately such a road would give direct access to Banff and the Canadian
Rockies, through marvelously beautiful sections of our own Ameri-
can Rockies. There would be no difficult passes to negotiate in con-
structing this road and grades would be very low.
The first link in this road should be built at once on the east shore
of Lake McDonald. This section of the highway would also con-
stitute the first link in a road over the Continental Divide connect-
ing the road systems of the two sides of the park. Both the Water-
ton Lake road and the road across the divide are necessary exten-
sions of the park highway system and ultimately must be built.
In addition to being the first link in both roads, the Lake Mc-
Donald highway would give access to the hotel at the head of the
lake, and give the motorist the opportunity to avail himself of ac-
commodations and supplies. Citizens of Kalispell, Missoula, Colum-
bia Falls, and other Montana cities have spent many thousands of
dollars in bringing their highway system up to the western boun-
dary, and yet these citizens, as well as visitors from other States,
can enter only 3 miles into the park to a point where there are
neither hotel accommodations for themselves nor shelter for their
cars.
ADEQUATE ADMINISTRATION BUILDINGS NEEDED.
Tn connection with this proposed road and other developments on
the west side of the park, there should be mentioned the immediate
need of a new bridge over the Flathead River at Belton, and new
administration buildings at a point readily accessible to all visitors
to the park. The present bridge over the Flathead is unsafe, and
14 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS.
last winter it narrowly escaped total destruction by high water.
During the winter that is approaching it may be carried down the
river.
The headquarters of the park are now hidden in the woods on the
southwest shore of Lake McDonald, and are wholly unknown to
nine-tenths of the park visitors. There should also be mentioned
the desirability of preserving the trees on the patented lands over
which the Belton-Lake McDonald road is built. It is a beautiful
highway, broad, straight, and well-constructed through a dense
forest. If the trees that border it are destroyed the scenic value of
the road will be gone.
I made a proposition while in the park in September that will make
possible the construction of the new bridge, the removal of the park
headquarters to a desirable site near the south boundary, and the
perpetual preservation of a strip of forest on both sides of the
Belton-Lake McDonald road; and it was agreed to by the county
officers and owners of patented land in the park with whom I dis-
cussed it. Briefly the proposition was as follows:
I will purchase a tract of 160 acres on the Flathead River, directly
across the river from Belton, and donate it to the Federal Govern-
ment for an administrative site. Mr. John E. Lewis, who is the
owner of an adjoining tract of 160 acres, will donate this land and
secure his partner’s agreement to guarantee perpetual preservation of
a strip of timber on both sides of the Belton-Lake McDonald road.
Flathead County, Mont., will contribute $10,000 toward the construc-
tion of the new bridge, and citizens of the county will subscribe at
least $5,000 to the same end, all provided that Congress acts favorably
on the following estimates, which I agreed to recommend that you
submit for consideration: $50,000 for a road along the east shore
of Lake McDonald; $25,000 to complete the construction of the new
bridge; and $10,000 for new administrative buildings and park
entrance on the site to be donated by me.
Your approval has also been given to this proposition, and if Con-
gress appropriates the funds to make this development possible, it
will be completed within a year from date of this writing.
IMPROVED ROADS AND NEW TRAILS.
The appropriation of $110,000 for the protection and improvement
of Glacier Park which was contained in the last sundry civil bill has
enabled us to greatly improve the roads on the east side of the park,
particularly the road in the Blackfeet Indian Reservation between
Glacier Park Station and Divide Creek. Nearly $45,000 has been
spent on this section during the past season.
It has also made possible the construction of several new trails.
Among these new trails are the Grinnell Glacier trail and the new
mate
i re ee date
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS. 15
trail between the Glacier Hotel and Avalanche Creek. The latter
trail will be extended to Granite Park next spring and when com-
pleted will be one of the most scenic trails in the park system.
Shelter cabins of attractive design are also under construction at
Triple Divide, Red Eagle Lake, Piegan Pass, and Iceberg Lake, and
next season will welcome the hiker and other trail travelers when
storms overtake them or when they find it desirable to break their
trips for other purposes.
An elaborate trail sign system is also being installed for the benefit
of the hiker and independent tourist who chooses to ride over the
trails without guide service. A trail map of the park is in contem-
plation as a further aid to the lover of the trails.
PLENTY OF TRAIL HORSES HEREAFTER.
During the season of 1916 there was a shortage of horses for trail
service and many complaints have been filed against the saddle-horse
concessioner on this account. I have already stipulated a basis for
the reorganization of this corporation which I am convinced will
enable it to give saddle-horse service next season which will be
entirely satisfactory. A new contract covering a 10-year concession
will provide that 25 per cent of the net profits of the enterprise will
constitute for the first three years of the term the consideration due
the Government for the franchise granted, and that 50 per cent of
the profits shall be the Government’s share thereafter.
This contract in a sense will make the department a partner in
the saddle-horse enterprise, and I have already indicated the depart-
ment’s interest in its success from the business point of view as well
as the point of view of public service to the park, by arranging with
the Indian Office for the lease of Indian lands in the Blackfeet Reser-
vation for horse pasturage, and for the purchase of hay and even
horses from the Indians. Should these arrangements be consum-
mated the tourist, the park-revenue fund, the Blackfeet Indians, and
the saddle-horse concessioner will all derive a full measure of benefit
from the successful operation of the enterprise.
YOSEMITE’S GREAT DEVELOPMENT.
A survey of the 1916 season in Yosemite National Park quickly
and clearly defines three heads under which its development may be
discussed. These are, first, new contracts covering large public-
service concessions; second, increased Federal appropriations for
improvement and protection of the park; third, removal of restric-
tions on motor travel.
For many years the department unsuccessfully endeavored to
induce parties with capital to undertake the construction of new
16 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS.
hotels in the park, particularly on the floor of the valley. No indi-
vidual or corporation could be interested in the park, and its future
at the opening of the exposition season was dark indeed. Then D.
J. Desmond, of San Francisco, general commissary contractor op-
erating in all sections of the State, a young man already successful
in business, a man of vision and immense energy, had the situation
in the Yosemite brought to his attention. He saw its opportunities,
and applied for a comprehensive concession covering the operation
of hotel, camps, transportation service, stores, garages, etc.
This application was not granted to him at that time, but he was
permitted to install and operate a new camp during the 1916 season
with the understanding that if he rendered good service in his camp
he would have a long-time concession. He built and operated the
Yosemite Falls Camp and gave his guests service of a high order.
He more than met the conditions. Accordingly the department en-
tered into contracts with the Desmond Park Service Co., of which
Mr. Desmond is president, covering the following: The erection of a
hotel on the floor of the valley to cost not less than $150,000; and
another hotel at Glacier Point to cost approximately $35,000; camps
on the floor of the valley; lodges at various points in the higher parts
of the park and along the Tioga Road, which crosses the park at
some distance from the rim of the gorge; the installation and opera-
tion of automobile transportation on all the roads of the park open
to motor travel; the operation of trail transportation, and the con-
struction and operation of stores, garages, etc.
The privileges granted in these contracts by their terms are to be
exercised for a period of 20 years, and the department in considera-
tion of granting these concessions receives annually during the first
two years of the life of the contract 25 per cent of the net profits of
the enterprise, and thereafter 50 per cent of the net profit. The net
profit of the company is determined by deducting from the gross
income 6 per cent on money invested in the enterprise, depreciation
of equipment, buildings, etc., and expenses of operation such as sala-
ries, advertising, and insurance. It is provided, however, that, if
this profit-sharing clause operates to the disadvantage of the depart-
ment, it may elect at the end of two years to take 4 per cent of the
gross income of the company instead of a share of the net profits.
Under this contract the Desmond Park Service Co. erected, prior to
the opening of the 1916 season, two camps on the floor of the valley,
the Yosemite Falls Camp and the El Capitan Camp, and operated
them during the season; also the Glacier Point hotel camp, and three
new lodges at Lake Tenaya, Tuolumne Meadows, and Lake Merced;
all of which proved popular because of the excellent accommodations
and service rendered. New automobile stage service was established
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS, 17
during the season on the Mariposa and Chinquapin roads south of
the valley, and on the Tioga road and Big Oak Flat road, as well as
on the floor of the valley itself.
Furthermore, construction work on the new hotel at Glacier Point
was undertaken and is now nearing completion. On the 4th of July
ground was broken for the new hotel on the floor of the valley, and
it is now in the course of erection. This building will be ready for
the 1918 tourist season.
This outline of what the Desmond Park Service Co. has already
accomplished and has under way should leave no doubt in the mind of
anyone that Yosemite National Park is well provided with excellent
accommodations for its visitors and that more and finer accommo-
dations and highest-class hotel service are still to come.
Camp Curry, Camp Ahwahnee, and Camp Lost Arrow, long estab-
lished in the Yosemite Valley, were operated this season under their
managements of former years.
CONGRESSIONAL APPROPRIATIONS.
Congress made a more liberal appropriation for Yosemite National
Park for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, than for any previous
period. This appropriation made available $250,000 for protection
and improvement of the park. It was provided, however, that not
more than $150,000 might be expended in the construction of a new
hydroelectric power plant, and not more than $75,000 in regrading
the El Portal road. There was nothing specifically appropriated for
other roads in the park, but they were improved with revenue de-
rived from concessions granted, automobile license fees, and from
miscellaneous sources.
The new hydroelectric power plant was an absolute necessity in
view of the increasing demands for power, light, and heat for the
park concessioners, and it was desirable that this demand be met by
the Government because the sale of electric current meant a substan-
tial revenue for the park. During the summer of 1913 the late Mr.
Henry Floy, electrical engineer, of New York, and sometime in-
spector of the Interior Department, made a careful study of this
hydroelectric power project, and it was largely his able presentation
of the results of his study of this project before the Committee on
Appropriations that gained for it favorable consideration. The new
plant is now in the course of construction.
In general it may be said that power plants, water and sanitation
systems, and telephone lines in national parks should be owned and
controlled by the Government. Their construction by the Govern-
ment relieves the concessioner from the necessity of investing in these
69006°—16——3
18 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS.
highly essential works and makes it possible for him to turn his
capital into the further development of his own enterprise. Fur-
thermore, as public works under the control of the National Park
Service, they can always be made to yield a revenue.
Travel to Yosemite Park was very heavy this season. It approxi-
mately equaled that of last season. The records indicate that 33,390
visitors registered at the park checking station prior to October 12.
Of those. 14,166 came in private machines. The average stay of tour-
ists in the park was longer than the average period spent in the park
in previous years.
The increase in motor travel was remarkable, and a comparison of
the number of machines entering the park this season with the num-
ber registered during 1914 and 1915 constitutes the best index of
the sound, substantial growth of the park’s popularity that I can
mention. The records indicate that in 1914, 673 cars entered the
park; in 1915, 3,895; and in 1916, prior to October 12, 3,938. This
season 14,166 tourists entered the park in private machines. It is gen-
erally understood that automobile parties remain in the park a longer
time than any other class of tourists. This is particularly true of
those who visited the floor of the valley in their cars.
T have indicated that the removal of restrictions on motor traffic is
one of the important factors that has influenced park development
during the season of 1916. Prior to this season no private machines
were ever allowed to run on the floor of the valley, but the opening
this season of these roads was largely responsible for the great influx
of private cars and the extraordinary length of time spent by motor-
ists in the park. Next season it is expected that motor travel will be
double that of this season. This is a conservative estimate.
It is inevitable that for several years Yosemite Park will be just
as popular with the motorists as Yellowstone, and yet the roads in
this park are so inferior to those of Yellowstone that it is useless
to compare them. Appropriations should be made at once to exten-
sively improve the Tioga road and Big Oak Flat road, and to con-
tinue the regrading of the El Portal road. These highways should be
put in as good condition as the State highways with which they con-
nect. The Wawona road should also be improved, but this is a toll
road, and until private interest in the same is extinguished and it
becomes a public highway its reconstruction can not be undertaken.
The Wawona and Chinquapin toll roads are the only remaining
roads in the national parks that are not under the control of the Na-
tional Park Service. They constitute a constant source of administra-
tive difficulty, and their private control is inconsistent with the best
interests of the park. The additional cost of using this road, which
the tourist traveling in his own conveyance has to bear, discourages
travel via Fresno and Merced and other cities in their vicinity.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS. ~ 19
The automobile license fee collected at the various entrances of
Yosemite National Park has been unpopular, and numerous com-
munications have been received petitioning that it be abolished.
This action, of course, can not be taken. During the season of
1916 $19,600 was received from these license fees. This fund con-
_ stitutes a very large part of the total revenues of the park.
It should be stated in this connection that the revenues of the park
were drawn upon heavily during the season to improve and main-
tain the general road system for which no congressional appropria-
tion was made. When the motorist comes to appreciate the fact
that the roads in the park could not have been made accessible for
him during the past season without the income derived from the au-
tomobile tax, I believe he will no longer be hostile to this tax.
Dignified gateways should be constructed at the several entrances,
particularly at the points where the Wawona, El Portal, and Tioga
roads enter the park boundaries.
MOUNT RAINIER DEVELOPED.
In Mount Rainier National Park a comprehensive concession of
the same character as that granted the Desmond Park Service
Co. in Yosemite National Park was granted the Rainier National
Park Co. It grants similar privileges of operating hotels, camps,
transportation service, mercantile establishments, garages, etc., and
the time for which these privileges may be exercised is a period of
20 years. Here, again, the department will share the net profits of
the enterprise. Twenty-five per cent will be the Government’s share
for the first five years, and 50 per cent thereafter. However, there
is provision for a change to another basis of compensation in the
event that the profit-sharing plan proves unsatisfactory. The alter-
native basis has not been definitely stipulated, but will be agreed
upon between the department and the company should a revision of
the clause governing the compensation later prove advisable. Under
the terms of this contract the Rainier National Park Co. has con-
structed and operated during the season of 1916 a camp at the
mouth of the Nisqually Glacier and late in the season opened an-
other camp is Paradise Valley. It has under course of construction
a first-class hotel-camp in Paradise Valley which will be opened
for accommodation of tourists next season. The company also oper-
ates a first-class automobile service between the cities of Tacoma and
Seattle and various points in the park.
As the road system in the park is extended the company will estab-
lish new hotels and camps to meet the tourist demand, and will
operate automobile service on all new park roads. The service
rendered by this company during the 1916 season was eminently
satisfactory.
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Travel in Mount Rainier National Park during the season of
1916 fell considerably below that of 1915, but this reduction in
travel was due entirely to an extremely late season in the park. The
fall of snow last winter was phenomenal, and continued cold weather
during the spring prevented its melting. Asa result Paradise Valley
was not opened until the middle of August, and it was relatively late
in the season before Narada Falls could be reached. The roads and
bridges were also affected by the extraordinary fall of snow.
With the new accommodations that are now available in the park
for tourists and the improved transportation service to the reserva-
tion, there will be a constant increase in the tourist travel. At
the present time the only road entering the park is that which fol-
lows the Nisqually River and terminates at Paradise Valley. It is
a highly scenic highway, though a comparatively short one. In an
automobile one may travel from the cities of Tacoma and Seattle
to Paradise Valley and return in one day and in a few hours of this
period cover every foot of road in Mount Rainier Park.
Tt is desired that other sections of the park be opened up, and the
northwest would seem to be the logical section to develop next. <Ac-
cordingly, a survey of a road up the Carbon River Valley has
been made from the town of Fairfax. This road, if constructed,
will make accessible the incomparable Spray and Moraine Parks,
which lie on the north slope of the Mountain. Scenic areas that only
a relatively few trail parties have visited will thus be opened up.
If Congress authorizes the construction of this road, the Northern
Pacific Railroad will make improvements at the town of/ Fairfax
and make other arrangements to promote travel to this section.
The Rainier National Park Co: will, of course, provide new and
up-to-date hotel and camp accommodations for tourists. Further-
more, it is understood that the State of Washington has in con-
templation the continuation of the State highway system from the
town of Orting to the point of the beginning of the new park high-
way. The Carbon River Road would also constitute an important
link in a highway around the west side of Mount Rainier to connect
with the present road system. This future road, opening up the
north and west sides of the mountain, would be a scenic highway
unsurpassed in the world. New and ever-changing vistas of the
great mountain would be presented to the traveler.
CRATER LAKE PROSPECTS.
Hotel accommodations in Crater Lake National Park have never
been satisfactory, and this year there was no improvement in them
over former years. The development of accommodations and trans-
portation service in this park must be undertaken on the same broad
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS. 23
scale that the new concessions in Yosemite and Mount Rainier are
now being handled. When such accommodations and facilities are
provided for the comfort and convenience of visitors, the Southern
Pacific Railroad Co. can be expected to operate high-class train
service to Kirk, on the east side of the park, thus making it possible
for the tourist to enter the park by the west entrance and leave
through Kirk in the Klamath direction, or the reverse. I hope to
completely reorganize the Crater Lake concession within a few
weeks and make conditions definitely attractive for 1917 travel.
The War Department, under a $50,000 appropriation, has continued
the construction of a scenic highway around the lake under the
direction of Army engineers. The appropriations, however, for the
administration of the park have been very small, and there is no
authority for using revenues of the park for its administration and
protection. It has therefore been impossible to build a very neces-
sary water system, a small electric plant, and make other improve-
ments of this character. The lack of water at the Crater Lake Lodge
on the rim caused considerable inconvenience during the summer.
THE SEQUOIA NATIONAL PARK.
In Sequoia National Park the lack of roads and hotel accommoda-
tions, while not discouraging tourist travel particularly, has mili-
tated against the park’s popularity. A new hotel or camp is a neces-
sity and it is essential that a new administrative building be erected
and an adequate water system be installed in the Giant Forest; also
that provision be made for the sanitation of the village in the Forest.
As the Giant Forest is the scenic attraction of the park at the
“present time, and indeed the only accessible part, its improvement
must have attention. The major portion of the trees in the Giant
Forest grow on land held in private ownership but, as I have stated,
Congress has appropriated $50,000 and the National Geographic
Sees has advanced $20,000 to complete their purchase and revest
title to them in the United States.
Funds were also appropriated by Congress for a new peace over
the Marble Fork of the Kaweah River near the Giant Forest.
The new basis of compensation for privileges granted to the Mount
Whitney Power & Electric Co. in the park has netted the revenue
fund more than $7,000 during the past year. This fund is now just
large enough to protect and administer the park. Appropriations for
improvement only will be requested.
“THE GREATER SEQUOIA.”
Senate bill 5913, introduced by Senator Phelan, of California, and
House bill 13168, by Representative Kent, of the same State, provid-
24 - DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS.
\
ing for enlarging Sequoia National Park to include the Kings and
Kern Canyons and several miles of the crest of the Sierra Nevada,
including Mount Whitney, are now pending in Congress and will be
considered in the short session which convenes in December. The
early enactment of this legislation can not be too strongly urged.
The public land proposed to be added to Sequoia National Park
by these measures will never be valuable for any other than park
purposes. Cattle are grazed on the mountain meadows during part
of the year, but the administration of these meadows as part of the
park will not interfere with the exercise of grazing privileges for
many years to come. Small tracts of land here and there will be
fenced for pasturage of live stock used by tourists.
Sequoia Park now has the giant sequoia trees as its one attraction,
but if enlarged as proposed it will become a scenic park of as much
distinction as that possessed by any other park in the system. Fur-
thermore, it will become a game sanctuary of as much importance as
the Yellowstone National Park.
GENERAL GRANT NATIONAL PARK.
General Grant National Park had a 50 per cent increase in the
number of visitors this year. There has been a remarkable increase
in travel to this park since 1914. In that season 3,735 visitors reg-
istered in the park, last year the number jumped to 10,523, and this
year to 15,360; 8,612 people entered this year in automobiles.
The fees from automobiles so increased the revenues of this park
that it may now be administered without appropriations by Congress.
However, a Federal appropriation will be needed for an adequate
water system, for a new ranger station, and for other improvements
that are absolutely essential to its proper development.
HEAVY TRAVEL TO ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK.
Rocky Mountain National Park was visited this year by more peo-
ple than any other large scenic park. The village of Estes Park
just outside of its boundaries, and large resorts situated near the
park, were taxed to their maximum capacity throughout the season.
There was a scarcity of accommodations of all kinds. Automobile
service appears to have been the only necessary service which was
adequate to meet all demands, and it is understood that the transpor-
tation company operating this service out of Denver, Boulder, Love-
land, Longmont, Lyons, and other cities on numerous occasions was
compelled to decline to carry passengers to the park because of insuf-
ficient hotel and camp accommodations in Estes Park and in Rocky
Mountain Park itself. I am reliably informed that, prior to the
opening of the 1917 season, large additions to several of the larger
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS. 25
hotels will have been constructed, and that these will be adequate for
the anticipated heavy travel. This season’s extraordinary increase
was not foreseen and could hardly have been anticipated.
Beyond the work of maintaining the trail system and telephone
Jines the department has been unable to undertake any improvement
of this park. A clause in the organic act establishing this park in-
hibits the appropriation of more than $10,000 annually for its admin-
istration, protection, and improvement. This sum is just sufficient
to administer and protect it. Before its improvement is undertaken,
therefore, this inhibition on the amount which may be appropriated
each year must be removed. Senate bill 6854, introduced by Senator
Shafroth, of Colorado, is designed to accomplish this end, but it has
not had the consideration of either House of Congress. The revenues
of the park are turned into the miscellaneous receipts of the Treasury.
Some years ago, the State of Colorado undertook the construction
of a road across the Continental Divide from Estes Park to Grand
Lake by way of Fall River and Milner Pass, but the road has never
been completed. The State, however, is continuing to build a
few miles of the highway each year. Until this road is completed
by the State and other improvements are made by the Federal Gov-
ernment visitors to this splendid scenic park will find it accessible
only to persons accustomed to foot or horseback travel on the trails.
House bill 10124, now pending in the Senate, provides for the
addition to the Rocky Mountain National Park of a number of scenic
tracts, including Twin Sisters, Deer Mountain, Gem Lake, and The
Needles. Should this measure be enacted the east boundary of the
park will be brought very close to the city hmits of Estes Park.
THE HOT SPRINGS RESERVATION.
The season of 1916 brought an increase in travel to Hot Springs
Reservation in the Ozarks of Arkansas, and, as might be expected,
an increase also in the indigent sick who became at once a charge
upon the community and upon charitable organizations of the city.
Less than a year ago, I spent a week carefully studying condi-
tions in Hot Springs. I found that the burden of caring for the
afflicted poor that annually came into the city to bathe at the Gov-
ernment free bathhouse was very heavy, and I can not too highly
commend the efforts of the men and women who are constantly de-
voting themselves to the alleviation of the suffering of these people
and to providing them with sufficient nourishment to enable them to
seek relief from their ills by bathing in these healing waters.
In this connection I wish to call attention to the free clinics which
public-spirited physicians are now conducting at the Government
26 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS.
free bathhouse. Three of these clinics are now in operation. The
doctors in charge not only devote considerable time to these clinics,
but make free use of their laboratories for tests and diagnoses which
entail, in many cases, considerable expense. The results of the
operation of these clinics have been most gratifying and they clearly
indicate that these waters, when used under experienced medical
advice, have not only given relief in the majority of cases but have
effected numerous complete cures. These results are the more re-
markable when one considers the conditions under which the indigent
must bathe on the reservation. The Government free bathhouse is
small, old, and inadequate to furnish the service for which it was
built. It is practically impossible to keep it sanitary, and notwith-
standing all that is done to keep it clean it always looks insanitary.
The National Park Service will soon station a physician at the
reservation to supervise bathing at the free bathhouse, assist in the
free clinics, keep its records, make laboratory tests, etc.
There is an urgent necessity for a detailed study of the Hot
Springs Reservation by a board to be composed of an architect, a
civil engineer of experience in designing and installing drainage
systems and constructing roads, and possibly a landscape engineer.
This board should suggest an adequate landscape development and
design a new free bathhouse. It should also plan a storm-sewer
system to carry away flood waters for the protection of the city from
the serious inundations which have caused considerable damage in
the past. It is estimated that $10,000 will cover the cost of such a
survey. The report of the proposed board would be a basis for
congressional appropriation for the improvement of the reservation.
An estimate for a storm-sewer system, in amount $237,840, and for
other improvements, in amount $96,595, has been submitted to Con-
gress by the department in three consecutive years, but it has never
received favorable action. All things considered, I believe that a
complete study of all of the needs of the reservation should be made
before appropriations are again requested for its broad-gauge
development.
During my visit to Hot Springs I talked with many who stated
that they had been restored to health by the spring waters, and as a
layman I was deeply impressed with apparent evidences of their
curative value in several diseases.
THE MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK.
Mesa Verde National Park possesses historical and scientific features
that should bring it a very large tourist patronage. There are no
facilities for the care of many visitors at one time, however, and
neither has there been suflicient road improvement to make the im-
portant cliff dwellings and the scenic sections of the park readily
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS. 27
accessible. Nevertheless, 1,385 people visited the park during the
1916 season, an increase of more than 100 per cent over 1915.
Here again we point to a park for which the funds appropriated
by Congress are wholly inadequate. Liberal appropriations for a
year or two would make the park available to tens of thousands.
Further important discoveries of prehistoric structures and imple-
ments were made in the park during the summer by Dr. J. Walter
Fewkes, of the Smithsonian Institution. His explorations were
financed by both the National Park Service and the Smithsonian
Institution. Many curios and rare objects of historic interest recently
uncovered are being carried away by tourists because the park has no
place to house them and protect them. A museum should be con-
structed in the park, and an effort made to recover some of the im-
portant relics that have been carried away. If there is a building in
which these objects may be placed for preservation, in all likelihood
many valuable relics will be voluntarily returned to the park.
There have been no important developments in the smaller parks,
nor have I any recommendations to make with respect to their im-
provement and management.
IN GENERAL.
On the whole, we should be well pleased, if not satisfied, with the
year’s accomplishment. While nothing new has been completed, we
have made substantial beginnings in most important directions.
Of first importance is the creation of the national park service,
which makes all things possible.
Of perhaps equal importance is the practical establishment on
sound business lines of the principle of Government participation in
concessioners’ profits, which makes eventual financial independence
for the national parks possible, and, with wise administration,
probable.
Also of very great importance is the creation of a spirit of hearty
cooperation among concessioners, railroads, and park officials. There
is much still lacking here, but the beginnings are inspiring.
Finally, the sympathy and spirit of helpfulness shown by Congress
in this public-spirited endeavor to realize a vast national destiny is
tremendously encouraging.
And the enthusiastic whole-hearted way in which the American
people are rising to their opportunity is a genuine delight.
Cordially, yours,
STEPHEN T. MarTuer,
Assistant to the Secretary of the Interior.
Hon. Frankuin K. Lane,
Secretary of the Interior.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS.
28
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80 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS,
STATISTICS.
Visitors to parks, 1909 to 1916.
Name of park. 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916
Hot Springs Reservation. ...- (1) 120,000 | 130,000 | 135,000 |2135, 000 |2125, 000 |2115,000 | 118, 740
Yellowstone National Park...| 32,545 | 19,575 | 23,054} 22,970) 24,929] 20,250] 51,895 35, 849
Casa Grande Ruin.....---..- Q@) (*) 2 450 2 450 2 450 2 500 500 1, 909
Sequoia National Park....... 854 2,407 3,114 2,923 3, 823 4, 667 7, 647 10, 780
Yosemite National Park..... 13,182 | 13,619} 12,530] 10,884] 13,735] 15,145 | 33,452| 33,390
General Grant National Park. 798 1,178 2,160 2, 240 2, 756 3,735 | 10,523 15, 360
Mount Rainier National Park 5, 968 8,000 | 10,306 8,946 | 13,501 | 15,038] 35,166 23, 989
Crater Lake National Park...| 4,171 5,000 | 24,500 5, 235 6, 253 7,096 | 11,371 12, 265
Wind Cave National Park..-- 3, 216 3,387 3, 887 3,199 3, 988 3, 592 2,817 9, 000
Platt National Park.......--- 25,000 | 225,000 | 30,000 | 231,000 | 235,000 | 230,000 | 220,000 | 230,000
Sullys Hill Park......--...-- 190 190} 2200] 2200 300 500 | 1,000] 21,500
Mesa Verde National Park... 165 250 206 230 280 502 663 1,385
Glacier National Park.......-|--...-.--]----.---- 2 4,000 6,257 | 12,1388 | 14,168} 14,265 12, 839
Rocky Mountain National
127i) een op poe pao e nea saccades Homooeead bee oacond sasasao54secsadbad |aososoans 231,000 | 251,000
awaliNational Parkge seen aa | meets sn c/n| selene | saints syeleyeia oe enter aes |e ertate eal ete tetetens | eee (1)
Lassen Volcanic National
Park? . -co0scscceectececese|s-ccaeseelesteces fleece cence EOAne eee eee eee eee ee 0)
Potala uence ees 86,089 | 198,606 | 224,407 | 229,534 | 252,153 | 240,193 | 335,299 | 358, 006
1 No record. 2 Estimated.
Automobile and motorcycle licenses issued, seasons of 1914, 1915, and 1916.
1914 1915 1916
Automo-| Motor- | Automo-| Motor- | Automo-| Motor-
biles. cycles. piles. cycles. piles. cycles.
NG EVO Ce renccodad Socinscocanssesstonod pscescoo7e|oscss8s5¢ O58 )|Pee asses Re ei ee ace =
Sequoia sa. - ccm ee eee oe eal = a alse eininin GIS es ascsese 330 11 735 4
Yosemite GiBloaseccesas Beet ih Eo seme pe ayy Rees Se
General Grantoeae oes cesta ee ae ate 392 12 1, 584 40 1, 749 39
Mount Rainier ae 1,594 188 3, 238 247 3, 795 97
Crater Wakesttaneee cose ence ee eeas 1,107 18 2,015 31 2, 600 26
Mesa Vierd@ecncceeeoaseres oaeeince sear eeme 34 4 SO eesceeeee 184 2
Glacion=e tes cceecee eee ee cee seasons 267 4 457 26 902 11
Wind) Cavesseo cess. scemereeen cco Q) () Q) @) 22,500 (@)
Total ee dees. os aoc ee eee ee eee 4, 225 226 | 12,563 355 | 19,848 179
1 No record kept or estimate made. 2 Estimated.
Receipts* collected from automobiles and motorcycles (single trip and season
permits) during the 1916 park season.
Amount
collected.
Yellowstone 2 32 33-2 ee ee ee ee eee $25, 387. 50
SG 01s 5 ee ce a eee ee 1, 600. 00
Yosemite. 22523 ce Se ee a ee ee ee 19, 997. 00
General .Grant..222>— = 2 eee ee ae 960. 00
Mount Rainier 22 ae a eee eo a ee al 13, 194. 00
@rater Wake ss 2 SR ice ee ene ee ee 4, 237. 00
Mesa. V Grd @e 222s n a a a Re a ee 95. 50
(CUES WC) (2) eee en ce” Ac DC ary Ee Sore Napa Peso tiny Oe ES ok Ne or Oe 312. 00
PO Gen se a ae ee Ee oe 65, 783. 00
1 Received to and including Noy. 14, 1916.
“aig
ue
4
ye
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS.
31
National monuments administered by the National Park Service, Departinent
of the Interior.
Name. Location.
Devils Tower...-- Wyoming.....
Montezuma Castle.| Arizona.......
BHEMOrTO... <=. -2 25 New Mexico..
@haco Canyoueesas|eer sels cc cei
Muir Woods...... California. ....
PINNAC OSes Sea wes [ss os doenses ts
Tumacacori......-. AvIZ0Nas oaeee
Mukuntuweap....| Utah..........
Shoshone Cavern..| Wyoming.....
Natural bridges...) Utah..........
Gran Quivira...... New Mexico.
Rita ces cee eee. pAaS Kae ama eta
Rainbow Bridge..} Utah..........
Lewis and Clark |} Montana......
Cavern.
Colorado sce. .=te Colorado. .....
Petrified Forest...) Arizona.......
INCH Oi aecaeeeocs teens Gene. tas
Papago Saguaro...|...-. GOz- cape
DIN OSAUTHS «Ae. cece Witahs ee ene.
Sieur de Monts....| Maine.........
Capulin Mountain.| New Mexico...
Date of crea-
tion.
Sept. 24, 1906
Dec. 8, 1906
welt 1907
9, 1908
16, 1908
- 15,1908
31, 1909
. 21, 1909
. 25,1909
1, 1909
Mar. 23,1910
30, 1910
16, 1911
24,1911
31, 1911
. 14,1912
. 31,1914
4,1915
8, 1916
Aug. 9, 1916
Area
(acres).
1,152
1 160
160
120, 629
295
2,080
10
115, 840
210
12,740
1160
157
160
160
13, 883
25, 625
360
2,050
80
15,000
681
Description.
Remarkable natural rock tower, of volcanic
origin, 1,200feet in height, ;
Prehistoric cliff-dwelling ruin of unusual size
situated in a niche in face of a vertical cliff.
Of scenic and ethnological interest.
Enormous sandstone rock eroded in form ofa
castle, upon which inscriptions have been
placed by early Spanish explorers. Con-
tains clifi-dweller ruins. Of great historic,
scenic, and ethnologic interest.
Contains numerous cliff-dweller ruins, includ-
ing communal houses, in good condition,
and but little excavated.
Contains one of the most noted redwood
groves in California, and was donated by
Hon. William Kent, Member of Congress.
Located 7 miles from San Francisco.
Contains many spirelike rock formations, 600
to 1,000 feet high, which are visible for many
miles; also numerous caves, and other
formations.
Contains rwin of Franciscan mission dating
from sixteenth contury, until recent years
in fair preservation, but now rapidly dis-
integrating.
Contains magnificent gorge, depth from 800 to
2,000 feet, with precipitous walls and many
waterfalls. Of great beauty and scenic
interest.
eoveu of considerable extent, located near
ody.
Contains 3 natural bridges, among largest ex-
amples of their kind. Largest bridge is 222
feet high, 65 feet thick at top of arch; archis
28 feet wide; span, 261 feet; height of span,
157 feet. Other two are only slightly
smaller. ,
One of the most important of earliest Spanish
mission ruins in the Southwest. Monu-
ment also contains Pueblo ruins.
Park of great natural beauty, and historic in-
terest as scene of massacre of Russians by
Indians. Contains 16 totem poles of best
native workmanship.
Unique natural bridge of great scientific in-
terest and symmetry. Height 309 feet
above water, and span is 278 feet, in shape
of rainbow.
Immense limestone cavern of great scientific
interest, magnificently decorated with
stalactite formations. Cavern now closed
ee pubis because of depredations by van-
als.
Contains many lofty monoliths, and is won-
derful example of erosion, and of great
scenic beauty and interest.
Contains abundance of petrified coniferous
trees, one of which forms a small natural
bridge. Is of great scientific interest.
Contains numerous pueblo, or cliff-dweller
ruins, in good preservation.
Contains splendid collection of characteristic
desert flora and numerous pictographs.
Interesting rock formations.
Contains deposits of fossil remains of prehis-
toric animal life of great scientific interest.
Mountainous area adjacent to Bar Harbor
which includes 10 mountains and several
lakes. Is very wild and rugged. Most
romantic and beautiful mingling of moun-
tain and ocean scenery on Atlantic Coast.
Contains cinder cone of geologically recent
formation.
1 Estimated.
32
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS.
National monuments administered by the Department of Agriculture.
Name. Location. Pautoheres ea Description.
Gila Cliff Dwell- | New Mexico...| Nov. 16,1907 160 | Contains numerous cliff-dweller ruins of much
ings. interest and in good preservation.
MOntOr see eee oars ATIzZOnaese ne Dec. 19, 1907 1640 Do. :
Grand Canyon....|..--.- CA SEsae Jan. 11,1908 |1806,400 | Contains the most wonderful portion of the
Grand Canyon of the Colorado.
Jewel Cave.......- South Dakota.| Feb. 7,1908 | 1 1,280 | Contains.a limestone cavern of much beauty
and considerable extent, limits of which
are as yet unknown. ;
Wheeler. scecee a5 Colorado...... Dec. 7,1908 300 | Of much interest from geological standpoint
as example of eccentric erosion and extinct
volcanic action. Of much scenic beauty.
Oregon Caves..... Oregon.......-. July 12,1909 480 | Extensive caves in limestone formation of
much beauty; magnitude not entirely as-
certained.
Devil Postpile....| California. .... July 6,1911 800 | Spectacular mass of hexagonal basaltic col-
umns, like an immense pile of posts. Said
to rank with famous Giant’s Causeway in
Treland.
Mount Olympus..| Washington...) Apr. 17,1912 |299,370 | Contains many objects of great and unusual
scientific interest, including many glaciers.
Is summer range and breeding ground of
the Olympicelk. _
Walnut Canyon...} Arizona....... Nov. 30,1915 960 | Contains cliff dwellings of much scientific
and popular interest.
Bandelier........- New Mexico...| Feb. 11,1916 | 18,000 | Contains vast numbers of cliff-dweller ruins,
with artificial caves, stone sculpture, and
other relics of prehistoric life. :
Old Kasaan.....-- Mlaskar se sse se Oct. 25,1916 38.3 | Abandoned Indian village in which there are
numerous remarkable totem poles and
other objects of historical interest.
1 Estimated.
National monuments administered by the War Department.
/Names. Location. Daterol eres: ( oN Description.
Big Hole Battle | Montana....-- June 23,1910 5 | Site of battle field on which battle was fought
Field. Aug. 9, 1877, between a small force of United
States troops and a much larger force of Nez
Perce Indians, resulting in rout for the
Indians.
Caprillosceeeeesace California.... | Oct. 14,1913 1 | Ofhistoric interest because of discovery of the
territory now partly embraced in the State
of California by Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo,
whe auenls point first sighted land on Sept.
8, 1542.
Statement of appropriations made for, and revenues received from, the various
national parks, and expenditures made therefrom under supervision of the
department, during the fiscal year 1907-1917, inclusive.
Appropriations. Revenues.
Name of the national park. 4
Appro- X- . x-
prleted pended. | Received. | pended.
Hot Springs Reservation:
DOO Meee erie sye a cre ctomectnclde Saetas doi. Seiter oe ctnsersec ne tal swale alveemtenellsetoemem eter $20,165.00 | $19,938. 41
LOO See Bese a: SNe Soe ee Renee Bees 2 oe ec Selly eee eet ses am yee ea 28,090. 00 21, 115. 56
OG ares acre een 3 Ste Spee STS eae Sa RISE Sis ee ore ats fe RTE eee al eles meee 34, 475. 00 19, 699. 27
LOMO Sees ers asyac cho ac oes creamer bale eiera dc aeianc| Setae cetera | Seco mietetee ate 36, 540. 00 28, 401.97
1911 $2,935.00 | $2,935.00 | 36,060.00 56, 375. 33
PEoSS WiGeR Coan aa ane Ue eee ate RE Maines spf te meee Secret 182, BIB. 00 |. 56768
wish (0 eo he a ae oa 5, 279. 3, 267. 96
DOUD aan ane osha spanae nate senha s tesapesnont ee Neeeiedpes cece ee 242) 957. 18
1 Proceeds from sale of Government lots (lot fund).
2 Expenditure from lot fund.
yor
DEVELOPMENT OF TH
Statement of appropriations made for, a
E NATIONAL PARKS, ~ ae
nd revenues received from, the various
national parks, etc —Continued.
Name of the national park.
Hot Springs—Continued.
Appropriations. Revenues.
Appro- Ex- - Ex-
priated. | pended. | Received. | pended.
395500008 eelecceceeeeee-| $40, 711.00 | 1$29, 438. 25
sal Vice Sowesewns suiemese cccios| soansencee ns 234,581.57
aanoodcnoah Aosocosecuse 41, 287.90 31,273.70
Sollondesadoadod| Kacoacadases 38,380.00 | 436,658. 62
afal| etatseioree ei cteinte| cictetnee seem 37,877.66 | 36,941.95
Bahl Fe aoe To he GN AES 37,926.32 | 40,261.14
$2,935.00 | $2,935.00 | 429,310.04 | 370,910.91
7,498.64 | 1,838.96| 3,647.04
7,999.40 | 4,699.65 | 4,228.37
7,997.44 | 4,790.20] 3,661.47
1, 962. 53
7,999.71 | 5,110.05] 3,359.80
8,499.96 | 23,420.13] 7,998.47
8,500.00} 16,476.38] 8,103.41
8,500.00 | 21,980.10] 6,449.97
8,500.00 | 15,439.23 | 13) 843.24
8,500.00} 20,307.40} 12°884.18
8,491.41 | 46,628.49] 26,350.96
93,500.00 | 84,449.09 | 160,690.59 | 90,526.91
=<{/4 105,000; 00) |); 9:010:82) |) —150) Bo:|o2 a yen
-.| 15,550.00} 15,333. 50 18. 97
za|) 15: 50100; |) 15; 873.96] 4B.b% jest eceee hae
Sal 55 55000)| 15-614. 19)» Aone 7R eee
..| 15,550.00} 15, 543.34 31.25
..| 15,550.00 | 15,549.20 48. 25
222, 250.00 | 149,482.20 | 12,524.76 8, 492. 20
Yosemite j
LOU eee Sreh ee aes ete Sac ae a ch ae! 5, 750. 00 5, 705. 24 9,193. 04 1,000. 00
FR) SS a ey me INS cree ead CR wssaiine ciara Re Sees ate oe 30,000.00 | 29,508.58 | 14,390.06 7,131.37
TIDE cog heya Ses ERTS See Se ti pe ca a Ries 30,000.00 | 29,969.86 | 15,851.17 5, 024, 84
TEND). soci ASCE eis a RIO Se ae ie tan ene ae 30,000.00 | 29,983.82] 21,373.18] 34,486.09
(GIS ESR ED Nee ES Ne SRR ge 2 ane NAR eee et rs cee 62,000.00 | 62,000.00 | 35,765.48 19, 050. 39
812,000.00 | §11, 646.37
Se. = 3 aa ie awe aa Beate es bi daa 50,000.00 | 49,999.68 | 23,855.77 | 35,970.68
EON eee ees ee em gare Aras eto cee 80,000.00 | 80,000.00 | 19,495.83 16, 431.16
TUE ee ENE So eae ae i ae ees cee eee 125,000.00 | 124,798.49 | 23,406.14 9, 903. 58
TONURAe ola oe See ee mee eek TP 2 NO 100,000.00 | 99,235.22 | 37,019.20] 40,699.30
MONG eeepc cea cnet ao Sei ote ply eecycistarcls sic 2 Leen 74,992.54 | 49,878.42 52,961.53
CON eter ste etn et a ears ar ee os eee Om aoe 290; O00\00) |e rio names |io eee ae See eee
a eee 599, 750.00 | 597,839.80 | 250,228.29 | 222,658.94
eneral Grant:
OU ee ee ope eteat) Se hey oe cn nt Ss Spee 2 OOO 00 i 15 O88. 7 by | aeons saulee mere ane
LOOS Rese esta Se ste ceiet rake ein cease eens autscins eae 2,000. 00 1,914.76 G38755 2 s)s.aeausaee
TUE StS 2, Je ee, ie Re RA edd 2 QOOS 00) [Fa Si QoDYo3i ata ste ine Neaemeremepre
TED) Sei ats le eee on ETE git Mie ery ais ae Gehre d 2,000.00 | 1,999.90 BOLOO! | asm ou
LOU Rie ara CE eR i Rn esi een OAT, Ne Onl g 2,000.00 | 1,999.89 210. 64 18.88
TE PSS retest Aen eee ene ns Ue Pea OPN CP Mas te) 2,000. 00 1, 998. 60 173.54 -99
IEE OE SUS Go eae ee SELES ae Coe Saas Sine Ne ane A 2,000. 00 1,999. 20 158. 68 503.01
1A idiot Seo batkee esate ae Seer ea anes Ea Dalene 2, 000. 00 2,000. 00 429. 64 1.59
STN Spe aL a8 a aN nee mane Niece Ec. Peed og 2,000.00 | 2,000.00 560. 89 355.68
re Bee ee eo Ae Ree eee eee eee om eee 2, fn a 1, 999. 36 1,795.50 481.46
Ae Site eaeiare paints erat aes eee eee eS Seen er , 000. SCE. Smet a ere ek 2) 2 joes
22,000.00 | 19,900.39 | 3,442.64 1,361.01
1 Includes $1,272.71 expended in making survey and
Hot Springs.
2 Expenditure from lot fund.
3 Contributed by city of Hot Springs on account sew
4 Includes 99 cents expended on account of survey se
5 Administration and protection.
preparation of plans, ete., for sewer system, city of
er system; $14.20 returned to city.
wer system.
6 Marking unmonumented portions of park boundaries.
7 For purchase of private holdings.
8 Appropriation, without year, for examination of water supply for city of San Francisco.
84 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS. hi
Statement of appropriations made for, and revenues received from, the various
national parks, ete.—Continued.
Appropriations. Revenues.
Name of the national park. a a af
pro- x- P x-
Sea pended. | Received. | pended.
Mount Rainier: fs a
Ue a one HERS 35 SOS ee eS ee D a aor 1 $2,500.00 | $2,407.91 $209.22 |e eae
ic ees ehor Bonpbe Eas sao ne tee a Spree ebar ono sc 3, 000. 00 2,965.59 170. 00 $8. 96
1 OOGE <= PRE arse ache eee eae de iag a tale ata aee 3, 000. 00 2,961.61 1,104.79 27.65
(LON DR Ae ae At See See Se eee ee es. eto 3, 000. 00 3, 000. 00 9,053.79 2,763. 86
NOT ie oe ce esti Geen ees cece ety aed a acre eee eas 3, 000. 00 2, 998. 90 7, 748.48 5,342.47
1G DR Hk TREO eee Ne oe oe Deh ares Maa rece Seas 5, 400. 00 5,399. 99 5,370.36 9,363.33
TC Ere nara Le hy eue Ts Santee comer ace 20,000.00 | 19,989.70] 7,301.62 6,791.80
OTA eek Antti ee Srettaesee a e Saee ee E on ater 23,400.00 | 23,347.05 9,040. 10 6, 039. 42
GTS PS 1 A US eit A PN ee EE Sie Ais ace eas 51, 50,907.79 | 12,893.29 5,513.46
OG 2 SE eee RT SONNE R Ae ot te Et Bo 29,999.77 | 19,317.99 | 15,026.08
LG U7 Re eee: RM etic! Pithers ceo eet cee [' 305 OOO! OO] eee Sook so 2| etree ee
143,978.31 | 72,205.64 | 50,877.03
2, 989.75 10. 00 (2)
7, 314.165 lice eel ee ee
~
2255 =| S55
2228|8| S88
?
3,
3,
3, 000. 00
3,000. 00
3,000. 00
7,540. 00 i
8, 040. 00
8, 000. 00
8, 000. 00
56,895.00 | 48,483.96 CPP Tl 03nd eee macs e
4,400. 00 Ect sD) Monpenese So [Sse seneesee
2,500. 00 2,433.54 200" 007|be oe eee cee
2,500. 00 2,335.37 450. 00 220. 80
2,500. 00 2,500. 00 523.25 62.88
2, 500. 00 2,413.60 340.00 562. 26
2,500. 00 2,499. 86 675. 00 278. 56
375. 00 132.50 528. 26 1,197.39
2,500.00 | ~ 2,500.00 246.17 366. 72
2,500. 00 2,496. 97 2,342.90 606. 16
2, 500. 00 2,463.51 2,590. 89 981.57
2, 000; 009) .2 seecmmncize [ame ome yelecis | Soke
27,275.00 | 24,173.43 7, 896. 47 4, 276. 34
Platt:
MOOT eet einer nee = oem nee eae hy ee tree eas sea (S) arb AsSeestioseee 178.00 7, 082, 25
USA Je oa SS ALe SRS ans an ab uRsEs des aS See eb oneal Esa sone Seales sbaceusSe 7,021.00 10, 552. 26
TE Reis so Beso orn Bee nan Har aaa erence a Speen wel le aoeaococod| koe See ena se 272.00 15, 764. 27
US ae spoeadebo asa boonso bare aErs acoA SsnUsSonunalssesdecdatnal nc densoscace 164. 50 11, 734. 74
WI SS Bases 2 Arisbsos Sansa 6 Sass aseK5- SRE SS 5, 000. 00 4,994. 64 422.75 779. 06
TPS Se An Seno Spe AOC a SRO HOSS SaaS an SB auoe 10, 000. 00 9,999. 34 165. 50 219. 84
1913 8, 000. 00 7, 999. 95 49. 95 100. 11
Sas Spt wre aae Os eee Rea Gp ae me | toa 417,500.00 | 410,120.73 | 417,500.00 | 4 10,119.06
IA) ee sey acs Se tse AEP ED are SESS MES loro e 8, 000. 00 7,988. 55 282. 81 67.48
OTS este See eee eee Ne te See ee) MRE ea 8,000.00 | 8,000. 00 241.76 178.87
1916)(deficiency;)$10;000)- > ass SSE eee sane 18,000.00 | 17,060. 49 301.11 44.35
A OTT i ee eas near aytetas 2 awae aeme ee ne Ee NS 8000/00 Jesse. ches iu |, Se cele oa Dae eee
82,500.00 | 66,163.70 | 26,599.38 56, 624. 29
Mesa Verde: = SS SS Se SSE
ASO TBE errs iat ica ete eieniebeek eh cemeeceacee 7,500. 00 MH AbOSS2uleeseee (*)
LOO: © oo Sw RRS. od Sere ee eM eerie ed ed 7; 500500) 73480090) ecasee te as | aaa see
TOL QE: Se scr g neesee eee ane aeRO eee ual eae 7500/00) |< 743s OOS lot aoe See eee
1910-11 (for examination of coal lands in park)...... 2,000. 00 EV Ei Span ces~ ss mallecyaoosSsoec
NOW S55 Sonesta oes nse eee nee we Neaeoy 20,000.00 | 19, 808. 63
OD BRR ee AS Aa 55 oe SRO e or Nee es asc Seat 7,500. 00 7,351. 54
TGR GS Ae esd Sache ae ano eho EsGarnascaetesnsaonsose 15,000.00 | 14,956. 91
1 No appropriation made for Mount Rainier prior to 1907 fiscal year.
2 Expenditure of revenues of Crater Lake and Mesa Verde Parks for park purposes therein not author-
ized by existing statutes enacted by Congress. :
3 No appropriation for Platt Park prior to 1911 fiscal year. Land prior to creation of park included in
Sulphur Springs Reservation.
4 Construction sanitary sewer, like amount being contributed by the city of Sulphur, Okla.; $7,380.94
returned to city.
5 ead of revenues of Crater Lake and Mesa Verde Parks for park purposes therein not authorized
by existing statutes enacted by Congress.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS. 35
Statement of appropriations made for, and revenues received from, the various
national parks, ete.—Continued.
7s Appropriations. ~ Revenues,
m Name of the national park.
Bs Appro- Ex- F Ex-
. priated. pended. Hecetved pended.
ae ve de—Continued.
Pe eee ees tne Seema asomistOse eas seek tier sds $10,000.00 | $9,880.30 S679) OO) ape eee
1915 Aen Oe ace eves en aciossenecer pana nie ee oe 10,000.00 | 19,786.05 GST 42 bse aes Bacee
a ane Jo noooot Sane cabesonme pee EOeS SUEDE Ser DES SOOLGE ae; coe 9, 643. 47 GAGI3Bi |e seseeece se
ts JOE ie haba Sa ee Bees (pc OSOGON OON | eter teens Merce Bos rss Linlaes aoa
ae 107,000.00 | 94,621.89 Bi feK ROPER isis merci ic
acier: 1 _ a nd
(OH ooo Rag Go Stoned SOD CORO QRE REECE ABA Eee mere cere 15,000.00 | 14,998.59 326.88. |) 22... aie. ee
DL 2 anes eet See FS ol nein (ne, 2/e eiciain siviemwiciege <1 ania’ 69, 200.00 | 69,117.94 TAQ0 NOM | ae eo ence ci
OIE. coed cole Gass SONAR IC eee ate ee 75,000.00 | 74,568.24 | 4,677.14 $428. 84
DUAR teeters else ais 2\o Lats trardie ctetsiate satan ae 100,000.00 | 99,999.49 4,010.71 477.07
TIDE). css aes pe Ieee tam a --| 75,000.00 | 74,994.27 | 4,218.51 9,735. 44
Ae RSS sont ciate mae caw onsie dejswia st ots oe es bo s 74,363.78 | 10,011.76 844. 58
COOH OEE Hee ERE EE BORER Mee eee eae ae LOKOOOSOOB Ie peas weiner eon eles eae nee
|
- : ee 519, 200.00 | 418,642.31 | 24,735.94 | 11,485.93
0c. O15 ountain: = SSS SS SS SS Sa
woes = snag eo Ideas Soeto Kdesoeconacnns sean bodedbee 3, 000. 00 ZHOLOE SO Meeiemitae stat @)
16 sobcisoac Sat neeb OAD A SIOSU Ose SOR EOSS EEE RBe re aRnee 8, 000. 00 7,941. 56 EAD ERY a4 Se ea a
Bee ee Rey eee SANE Ns eee ct el LOSOO0L ODp peer eee Pion ee noe co elnema cae
21,000.00 | 10,852.36 SOL ISH |S se se
Protection of national monument a ee eee
OL Re eee ees Seas Se sore Scce oR ARS: ais ee BG 000-1 | een ar Sm oD le gE bale aoe
Improvement of Mukuntuweap National Monument, i
Utah:
Ef seep or cr nae re oe an sa ee RO SOOO OO) eee ek a he en cae or Ree I
pperoremient of Navajo National Monument, Arizona:
Rett ae et nee soars Come he mie Sia asians Bs OOOLOOs Ee stease sehcl tease ces eee Meeaeeemee se
1 $120.30 on contract account construction ranger cabin included in this amount and not yet paid.
2 Pe peniiuire of revenues from Rocky Mountain Park not authorized by existing statutes for park pur-
poses therein
Appropriations for the various national parks, for the fiscal years 1907-1917.
inclusive.
SL (amet incre te ata it en dan kant | Paha enh Res wee on Dea $42, 650. 00
Les eee pop Sew as aie By. WEE RN aya WE aos eee 68, 365. 00
JUSS) OS) Sein ee eli SY MRED Sees a ert ic aay TAS Shree |e 2 ath Cine Guetta SYNE 74, 050. 00
TUS TD) Re ad oa SR ca Tg SSSI Ee Ry Ra SI yr Lys ps Th RA EES he 2 73, 550. 00
TIGL cet = al ee SS Ee eer rere agi Ss Ses cr etme te SEER ek. 151, 485. 00
UCAS ea ne eee See ns er Oe feeb 173, 650. 00
TSM an tee 2 ele NSS RO ca Sr eR MO Fi BR Jee A Rahs ar oY 244, 925. 00
GOs hoe es 2 Oe Ee ns ea ea ee 2 Se ee Age Bed eS eh a oe on ee AOE OU)
TUES 5 ale a SR Ea AUN Reape AR Eee Miami Niner ERIE 283, 590. 00
Nit G pee ee oneal eee Da eee Res 2 ee ee Peat) (OD)
STN (peperire sia Sete. pO SNES MT Bei) eT ete PES! ody OE URN el ag SF te 511, 300. 00
MO) Of) bg BE Ra ee Dae SR ae ee Bs cules Wiks ns cg¥ St _ Sle 2, 178, 605. 00
Appropriations for the various national monuments, for the fiscal years
1907-1917, inclusive.
OO Ml Oil Gia Ste ee ee Se ae ee ee None.
BTU (iy cers te een mR TRE TOE AS ENE SNOT RAY Je FN BIE S ets ewe ae AO EL ak WOR eee cles tan $21, 500. 00
BTC 5 Sai le ee a hg a Ee I eg ERS A ee Be RDS EUlk eae et 21, 500. 00
86 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS,
Total appropriations for the various national parks and national monuments,
for the fiscal years 1907-1917, inclusive.
TSA ENCOy OVE) hey eed eC a ee ee Sa $2, 178, 605. 00
Nationale monuments. 22286 ses ee ee ee 21, 500. 00
MOEA pe et a se LE ee ee eee eee 2, 200, 105. 00
NATIONAL PARK PUBLICATIONS.
DISTRIBUTED BY THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.
The following circulars may be obtained free of charge from the
Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D. C.:
Glimpses of our National Parks. 40 pages.
Contains descriptions of the most important features of the ;principal national parks
and the Grand Canyon of the Colorado.
The information circulars on the parks listed below contain data
regarding hotels, camps, and principal points of interest, lists of
books and magazine articles, sketch maps, and rules and regulations.
Yellowstone. Mesa Verde. Glacier.
Yosemite. Sequoia and General Wind Cave.
Mount Rainier. Grant. Casa Grande Ruin.
Crater Lake. Hot Springs. Rocky Mountain.
Automobile road and guide maps of Yellowstone and Yosemite
National Parks are issued for free distribution.
SOLD BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS.
Remittances for publications listed below should be by money
order, payable to the Superintendent of Documents, Government
Printing Office, Washington, D. C., or in cash. Checks and postage
stamps can not be accepted.
PAMPHLETS.
Geological history of Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague. 1912.
24 pages, including 10 illustrations. 10 cents.
Contains a general résumé of the geologic forces that have been active in the
Yellowstone National Park.
Geysers, by Walter Harvey Weed. 1912. 32 pages, including 238 illustrations.
10 cents.
In this pamphlet is a description of the forces which have produced the geysers.
Fossil forests of Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton. 1914. 32
pages, including 15 illustrations. 10 cents.
Contains descriptions of the fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park and an
account of their origin.
Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park, by W. C. Kendall (Bureau of Fish-
eries Document 818). 1915. 28 pages, including 17 illustrations. 5 cents.
Contains descriptions of the species and lists of streams where found.
Origin of the scenic features of Glacier National Park, by M. R. Campbell.
1914. 42 pages, including 25 illustrations. 15 cents.
Contains a general account of the forces that have caused the development of the
mountain ranges, the valleys, and lakes of Glacier National Park.
Glaciers of Glacier National Park, by W. C. Alden. 1914. 48 pages,
including 30 illustrations. 15 cents.
Contains descriptions of the principal features of the larger glaciers in the park.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS. oF
Some lakes of Glacier National Park, by M. J. Elrod. 1912. 382 pages, in-
eluding 19 illustrations. 10 cents.
Contains a description of some of the principal lakes, with special reference to the
possibility of stocking the lakes with fish.
Glacier National Park—A popular guide to its geology and scenery, by M. R.
Campbell (Bulletin 600, U. S. Geological Survey). 1914. 54 pages, 13 plates,
including map. 30 cents.
Geological history of Crater Lake, by J. S. Diller. 1912. 382 pages, including
28 illustrations. 10 cents.
Contains an account of the formation of Crater Lake.
Forests of Crater Lake National Park, by J. F. Pernot. 1916. 40 pages, in-
cluding 26 illustrations. 20 cents.
Contains descriptions of the forest cover and of the principal species.
Features of the flora of Mount Rainier National Park, by J. B. Flett. 1916.
48 pages, including 40 illustrations. 25 cents.
Contains descriptions of the flowering trees and shrubs ‘in the park.
Forests of Mount Rainier National Park, by G. F. Allen. 1916. 32 pages, in-
cluding 27 illustrations. 20 cents.
Contains descriptions of the forest cover and of the principal species.
Mount Rainier and its glaciers, by F. E. Matthes. 1914. 48 pages, including
26 illustrations. 15 cents.
Contains a general account of the glaciers of Mount Rainier, and of the development
of the valleys and basins surrounding the peak.
Sketch of Yosemite National Park and an account of the origin of Yosemite
and Hetch Hetchy Valleys, by F. E. Matthes. 1912. 48 pages, including 24
illustrations. 10 cents.
Contains a description of the general features of the Sierra Nevada and the Yosemite
National Park and an account of the origin of the Yosemite and Hetch Hetchy
Valleys.
Forests of Yosemite, Sequoia, and General Grant National Parks, by C. L.
Hill. 1916. 40 pages, including 23 illustrations. 20 cents.
Contains descriptions of the forest cover and of the principal species.
The secret of the big trees—Yosemite, Sequoia, and General Grant National
Parks—by Ellsworth Huntington. 1918. 24 pages, including 14 illustrations.
5 cents. :
Contains an account of the climatic changes that are indicated by the thickness of
the growth rings in the big trees, and gives a comparative statement of the
climatic conditions in California and Asia during a period of 3,400 years.
Antiquities of the Mesa Verde National Park: Spruce Tree House, by J. W.
Fewkes (Bull. 41, Bureau of American Ethnology). 1909. 58 pages, 21 plates,
37 text figures. 40 cents.
Contains a detailed account of the structure and of the objects found in it.
Antiquities of Mesa Verde National Park: Cliff Palace, by J. W. Fewkes
(Bull. 51, Bureau of American Ethnology). 1911. 82 pages, 35 plates, 4 text
figures. 45 cents.
Contains a detailed account of the structure and of the objects found in it.
Excavation and Repair of Sun Temple, by J. W. Fewkes. 1916. 32 pages,
including 18 illustrations. 15 cents.
Contains an account of a new ruin discovered in 1915.
Analyses of the waters of the Hot Springs of Arkansas, by J. K. Haywood,
and geologicai sketch of Hot Springs, Ark., by Walter Harvey Webb. 56 pages.
10 cents.
Proceedings of the [First] National Park Conference held at Yellowstone
National Park, September 11 and 12, 1911. 210 pages. 15 cents.
Contains a discussion of national-parks problems by officers of the Government and
other persons.
Proceedings of the [Second] National Park Conference held at Yosemite
National Park, October 14, 15, and 16, 1912. 146 pages. 15 cents.
Consist mainly of a discussion regarding the advisability of admitting automobiles
to the national parks,
88 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS.
Proceedings of the [Third] National Park Conference held at Berkeley, Cal.,
March 11, 12, and 13, 1915. 1915. 166 pages. 20 cents.
Contains discussions of national-park problems by officers of the Government and
others.
PANORAMIC VIEWS.
The panoramic views listed below are based on accurate surveys
and give an excellent idea of the configuration of the surface as it
would appear to a person flying over it. The meadows and valleys
are printed in light green, the streams and lakes in light blue, the
cliffs and ridges in combinations of color, and the roads in light
brown. The lettering is printed in light brown and is easily read on
close inspection, but merges into the other colors when the sheet is
held at some distance.
Panoramic view of Crater Lake National Park. 164 x 18 inches, scale 1 mile
to the inch. 25 cents.
Panoramic view of Yosemite National Park. 184 x 18 inches, scale 3 miles to
the inch. 25 cents. ‘
Panoramic view of Glacier National Park. 184 x 21 inches, scale 3 miles to
the inch. 25 cents.
Panoramic view of Mount Rainier National Park. 20 x 19 inches, scale 1
mile to the inch. 25 cents.
Panoramic view of Yellowstone National Park. 18 x 21 inches, scale 3 miles
to the inch. 25 cents.
Panoramic view of Mesa Verde National Park. 224 x 19 inches, scale three-
fourths mile to the inch. 25 cents.
Panoramic view of Rocky Mountain National Park. 14 x 17% inches, scale
2 miles to the inch, 25 cents.
MAPS SOLD BY THE U. 8S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
The maps listed below may be purchased from the Director of the
United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. Remittances
should be by money order or in cash. Personal checks can not be
accepted. A discount of 40 per cent is allowed on all orders for maps
amounting to $3 net or more.
Crater Lake National Park, Oreg. Limiting parallels, 42° 48’ and 48° 04’.
Limiting meridians, 122° and 122° 16’. Size, 19 by 22 inches. Scale, 1: 62,500.
or about 1 mile to 1 inch. Contour interval, 50 feet. An illustrated description
of the lake and the manner of its formation is given on the back of the sheet.
Price, 10 cents.
Glacier National Park, Mont. Limiting parallels, 48° 14’ 36’’ and 49°.
Limiting meridians, 113° 10’ and 114° 30’. Size, 31 by 85 inches. Scale, 1: 125,-
000, or about 2 miles to 1 inch. Contour interval, 100 feet. Price, 25 cents.
Mesa Verde National Park, Colo. Limiting parallels, 37° 09’ 18” and
87° 21’. Limiting meridians, 108° 15’ and 108° 37’ 30’’. Size, 31 by 46 inches.
Seale, 1: 31,250, or about one-half mile to 1 inch. Contour interval, 25 feet.
Price, 20 cents.
Mount Rainier National Park, Wash. Limiting parallels, 46° 43’ 43” and
47° 00’. Limiting meridians, 121° 30’ and 121° 55’. Size, 22 by 28 inches.
Scale, 1: 62,500, or about 1 mile to 1 inch. Contour interval, 100 feet. Price,
10 cents.
Yellowstone National Park, Wyo.-Mont.-Idaho. Limiting parallels, 44° 08’
17’’ and 45° 01’ 55’’.. Limiting meridians, 110° and 111° 05’ 58’’.. Size, 32 by
36 inches. Scale, 1: 125,000, or about 2 miles to 1 inch. Contour interval, 100
feet. Price, 25 cents.
Yosemite National Park, Cal. The park limits established by acts of Congress
are shown in colors. Limiting parallels, 37° 30’ and 88° 15’ 39’’. Limiting
meridians, 119° and 120°. Size, 29 by 81 inches. Scale, 1: 125,000, or about 2
miles to 1 inch. Contour interval, 100 feet. Price, 25 cents. Also issued folded
between covers; price, 40 cents. The Yosemite Valley is shown on a larger scale
on the Yosemite Valley map. See below.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARKS. ea 8)
Some of the national parks and reservations are shown in whole or
in part on the standard topographic maps, as indicated below.
Casa Grande Ruins, Ariz. The northern part of this area is shown on the
Sacaton map. Scale, 1: 62,500, or about 1 mile to 1 inch. Contour interval, 50
feet. Price, 10 cents.
General Grant National Park, Cal. Shown on the Tehipite map. Scale,
1: 125,000, or about 2 miles to 1 inch. Contour interval, 100 feet. Price, 10
cents.
Hot Springs Reservation, Ark. Shown on the map of Hot Springs and
vicinity. Scale, 1: 62,500, or about 1 mile to 1 inch. Contour level, 20 feet.
Price, 10 cents.
Platt National Park, Okla. This park is at the town of Sulphur, Murray
County, which is shown on the Stonewall map. Scale, 1: 125,000, or about 2
miles to 1 inch. Contour interval, 50 feet. Price, 10 cents.
Rocky Mountain National Park, Colo. The greater portion of this park is
shown on the Longs Peak map. Scale, 1: 125,000, or about 2 miles to 1 inch,
Contour interval, 50 feet. Price, 10 cents.
Sequoia National Park, Cal. Shown on the Kaweah and Tehipite maps.
Scale, 1: 125,000, or about 2 miles to 1 inch. Contour interval, 100 feet. Price
of each map, 10 cents.
Wind Cave National Park, 8. Dak. Shown on the Harney Peak and Hermosa
maps. Scale, 1: 125,000, or about 2 miles to 1 inch. Contour interval, 100 feet.
Price of each map, 10 cents.
Yosemite Valley, Cal. Shown on the Yosemite Valley map. Limiting paral-
lels, 37° 42’ and 37° 47’ 05”. Limiting meridians, 119° 30’ and 119° 43’ 40”.
Seale, 1: 24,000, or about 23 inches to 1 mile. Contour interval, 50 feet. Price,
10 cents.
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