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A
PRONOUNCING
DICTIONARY
OF
AMERICAN ENGLISH
BY
JOHN SAMUEL KENYON, Ph.D.
Professor of the English Language in Hiram College;
Consulting Editor and Author of the Guide to Pronunciation,
Webster s New International Dictionary, Second Edition
AND
THOMAS ALBERT KNOTT, Ph.D.
Professor of English in the University of Michigan;
Editor of the Middle English Dictionary ; General Editor,
Webster's New International Dictionary, Second Edition
G. & C. MERRIAM COMPANY, PUBLISHERS
SPRINGFIELD, MASS., U.S.A.
W
Copyright, 1949
BY
G. & C. MERRIAM CO.
PREVIOUS EDITION COPYRIGHT, 1944
BY G. & C. MERRIAM CO.
COPYRIGHT UNDER INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT UNION
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UNDER INTERNATIONAL AMERICAN CONVENTION (1910) BY
G. & C. MERRIAM CO.
A II rishls reserved
MADE IN THE U.S.A.
GEORGE BANTA PUBLISHING COMPANY, ELECTROTYPERS, PRINTERS, AND BINDERS ®
THE COLLEGIATE PRESS, MENASHA, WIS., U.S.A.
To
Myra Pow Kenyon
AND
Myra Powers Knott
This publication was in large part made possible by funds granted by Carnegie
Corporation of New York. That Corporation is not, however, the author, owner,
publisher, or proprietor of this publication, and is not to be understood as approving
by virtue of its grant any of the statements made or views expressed herein.
PREFACE
More than ten years ago several scholars especially interested in Ameri-
can English suggested to one of the present editors the making of a phonetic
pronouncing dictionary of the speech of the United States that might serve,
both in the United States and elsewhere, the purposes served for Southern
British English by Professor Daniel Jones's English Pronouncing Dictionary.
About six years ago the editors became associated in this work.
Although as a pioneer in the field great credit must go to Professor Jones,
who has placed all later lexicographers under inescapable obligation to him,
our task is much different from his. He records the pronunciation of a
limited and nearly homogeneous class of people in England in a type of
speech identical with that of the editor himself. Our problem has been to
record without prejudice or preference several different types of speech used
by large bodies of educated and cultivated Americans in widely separated
areas and with markedly different backgrounds of tradition and culture.
Here let it be emphasized once for all that we have no prejudice whatever
either for or against any of these varieties of American speech.
As the book is completed, we are keenly aware that only a beginning has
been made, subject to later supplementation by other students of the field.
On the whole, Southern speech has in the past received least attention. If
we have failed to do it the full justice that was our intention, our failure
must be laid in part to conflicting testimony, but mainly to the fact that
this field has still largely to be investigated.
It was originally intended to include Canadian speech as one of the main
regional divisions. A number of questionnaires were sent to Canada, and
some correspondents took pains to send us excellent material (see acknowl-
edgments below). The material was not, however, extensive enough to
warrant full record of Canadian pronunciation, so that we have had to
content ourselves with occasional references thereto. See mention of some
Canadian variants (§118).
The scope of this work is limited. It is not'intended as a source book for
the study of American dialects. That work is being done by the Linguistic
Atlas of the United States and Canada. ItJsjmr-ainxio^record cmljr what is
rather_va^fily: called slandard speech (see further. Introduction, §§1-2,
57-58, 76, 90). It is not our purpose even to try to exhaust that field. Almost
certainly we have omitted many "good" pronunciations. Many of these
are provided for in the Introduction by the lists of variants not fully re-
corded in the vocabulary (§§90 ff.). Recent studies and records of American
speech have made it clear that there exists far greater variety than was
formerly supposed in the speech of Americans of unquestioned cultivation
(v) .
vi Preface
and importance. Considering the actual facts of contemporary American
pronunciation, the editors feel that on the whole they have been conserva-
tive in the variety recorded.
The vocabulary is intended to include the great body of common words
in use in America. Besides, it includes a great many somewhat unusual
words, inserted for a variety of reasons. Especial attention has been given
to American proper names, though an exhaustive treatment of these is far
\ beyond the scope of this work. The editors have had in mind the needs of
college and university students, and have therefore included many names
of history and literature likely to be encountered by them, as well as a
large number of notes on various aspects of the English language. While
foreign names are, strictly, outside the scope of a dictionary of American
English, it is impossible to avoid including many often heard and used by
Americans. The field of British place and personal names, tempting to one
interested in pronunciation, has been little entered. A few of general in-
terest must be included, and a considerable number of names of places in
England whose pronunciation was verified locally by one of the editors
have been inserted. Many of these names are of historical and traditional
interest to Americans, and a great number have been transferred to Amer-
ica.
_A g in_all trustworthy d jctioaagiesj t he - edi t ors h ave-endeavored to base
the pronunciatiQrLS--an-a€-tual G^iltivated usage. No other standard has, in
point of fact, ever finally settled pronunciation. This book can be taken as
a safe guide to pronunciation only insofar as we have succeeded in doing
this. According to this standard, no words are, as often said, "almost
universally mispronounced," for that is self-contradictory. For an editor
the temptation is often strong to prefer what he thinks "ought to be" the
right pronunciation; but it has to be resisted. For example, on etymological
grounds the word dahlia "ought to be" 'dalja; by traditional Anglicizing
habits of English it should be Melja (as it is in England and often in Canada) ;
as a fact, in America it is prevailingly ^daelja. In this case the variants are
current enough to allow free choice; but in many cases the theoretically
"right" pronunciation of a word is not even current.
In a work of this sort it is unavoidable to adopt certain devices to save
space. These are explained in the Introduction (§§59 ff.). If the reader is
now and then annoyed by these, he is asked to reflect that this makes possi-
ble the inclusion of far more material than would otherwise be possible, and
on the whole makes this material easier for the reader to find.
A question naturally arises as to the relation of this work to the other
dictionaries published by G. & C. Merriam Company. This book is pub-
lished on a different basis from their other publications. For this book they
act only as publishers and distributors, without editorial supervision. The
Merriam Company is in no way responsible for any statements made in this
book. That responsibility rests solely on the two authors.
\
\
Preface vii
The purpose of this dictionary is quite new in America. F irst, it dea ls ^
solely wi th pr onunciation; Even the entries are determined to a consider-
able extent by that purpose; for example, certain proper names of persons
or places are selected, not for their intrinsic importance, but for some in-
terest or problem in their pronunciation.
But the chief difference between this and the other Merriam dictionaries
is that this is a dictiomiyLJiLcoliQquiaLEnglish, of the evejyday uncon-
scious speechjoiLoiltivaied^xeople — of those in every community who carry
onTthe affairs and set the social and educational standards of those com-
munities. Webster's New International Dictionary, Second Edition (In-
troduction, p. xii) thus defines its purpose in regard to pronunciation:
"In this edition, the style adopted for representation is that of formal
platform speech— and this must be clearly remembered by consultants
of the pronunciations here given. The omission of less precise pronuncia-
tions of familiar words does not, of course, indicate either that those pro-
nunciations do not exist or that the editors of the dictionary refuse to
recognize them. They do exist, and very naturally so when the occasion
suits. . . . The recording of all such colloquial pronunciations of every
separate word is not, however, possible m such a Dictionary as the New
International. . . .^ TlTPj^roniinriaiixmA-cxmiainpH in thigJjjrtjrvnaTy are not
t heore tical. They,repr£sent_a£tual_spe££h — the speech of cultivated users
of English, speaking formally with a view to being completely understood
by their hearers."
On the other hand, the pronunciation which the present editors intend \.,
to represent in this book is what has been called "easy English," "the \
speech of well-bred ease" — not slovenly or careless speech, nor, on the
other hand, formal platform speech. Of course the great majority of English
words are pronounced alike in colloquial and in formal speech, and much
the largest part of the vocabulary will be found to have the same pro-
nunciations in both books, and a large part of the differences will be the
differences between colloquial and formal pronunciation. (For fuller dis-
cussion of the term colloquial, see Introduction, §§1-2.)
The New International does not attempt to represent the pronunciation
of words as they occur in connected speech. The editors state, "It would be '\
impossible, even were it desirable, to attempt to record the pronunciation
of 'running speech,' that is, of words as elements in connected spoken dis-
course. ..." The present book does not attempt to do this completely,
could not, in fact, but in many instances does show modified pronuncia-
tions brought about by the phonetic effect of words on one another. Still
more often the pronunciation of words as here indicated has been influ-
enced, not so much by preceding or following sounds, as by rhythm, tempo,
intonation, sense stress, etc. This will account for a goodly number of dif-
ferences between the two books.
Another difference of aim lies in the scope of the two works. The New
viii ■ Preface
International avowedly includes the pronunciation "of all parts of the
English-speaking world" (p. xii), and puts little emphasis on regional differ-
ences within America. This book only occasionally and incidentally repre-
sents British or other non-American pronunciation of English, and repre-
sen ts as fu lly_as_piacticable the_main regional_differe nces in Americ a .
In some cases there are differences of accentuation that do not represent
real inconsistencies. In the Guide to Pronunciation in the New International
(p. xxxvi, col. 1) it is pointed out that a great many English words have
no fixed accentuation, and that the accent shown in the vocabulary is
merely one possible accentuation among others that may be equally cor-
rect. In this book, in some instances, the accentuation may depend on the
colloquial character of the pronunciation. In some cases, too, differences
of accentuation are due merely to a difference of practical policy. For in-
stance, the New International, like many dictionaries, usually places no
accent mark on a final third syllable though it may have secondary stress;
thus the word calabash has only the first syllable marked, whereas in this
book the mark of secondary accent is regularly placed on such words
('kielajbaej). This represents no difference of accentuation in the two books.
^ but merely a difference of practice, both methods being quite defensible.
N? The editors_ believe that jtMs. b ook is - a nafiira] rnmp lprpfTit fp Wpf)<:fpr\
New International Dictionary, Second Edition. The New Internation al f ully
recogriizes the validity and importance of colloquial English speech. In its
Guide to Pronunciation, §8, it states: "The most important of these dif-
ferent styles [of spoken English] is what may be called the cultivated col-
loquial, which has aptly been termed the style of well-bred ease. This is the
most used of the standard styles, it is acceptable to every class of society,
whether used by them or not. ..." The New International provides for
colloquial pronunciation by means of certain flexible symbols. Thus the
Webster symbol a ('italic short a') "is used to suggest a variable sound. . .
tending. . ., especially in familiar speech, to the neutral vowel [9]" (Guide,
§91). The symbol e ('italic short e') serves a similar purpose: "In the great
majority of everyday words, unaccented e before n or /, and in many words
in other unaccented position, as in quiet, propriety, is obscured to the neutral
vowel [a] in colloquial speech" (Guide, §127). Thus our book gives chief
emphasis to colloquial speech, while the New International, though fully
recognizing it, treats it only as one among many features of the English
language.
The New International has also given a table of the International Pho-
netic Alphabet for English with full illustration of its use: see especially
Guide, pp. xxii-xxv, and thereafter throughout the Guide. The G. & C.
Merriam Co. would therefore seem to be in a logical position to publish a
dictionary of colloquial American speech in the symbols of the Inter-
national Phonetic Alphabet. In the upshot, we believe that the actual dif-
Preface ix
ferences in pronunciation between the Merriam-Webster dictionaries and
this one are comparatively few.
The eager and extensive co-operation which the editors have received in
the prosecution of this work has gone far beyond our expectation, and has
placed us under great obligation to all who have shown interest and given
help. J^irstof all we wish to express our thanks to the Carnegie Corporation
for a grant-in-aid through the University of Wisconsin to one of the editors,
and to that University for inviting him to spend the year 1940-41 in resi-
dence to prosecute the work; to the Carnegie Corporation, on recommenda-
tion of the American Council of Learned Societies, for extending the grant-
in-aid to supply this editor with an instructor at Hiram College in 1941-42
to enable him to give more time to the dictionary; to Dr. Margaret Water-
man for competently fulfilling this appointment; and to Hiram College
for granting him leave of absence in 1940-41.
We are under very particular obligations to Professor Miles L. Hanley,
of the University of Wisconsin, for his hearty encouragement of the dic-
tionary from its beginning, for placing at our disposal his great collection
of rimes and spellings at the University of Wisconsin, and for many valuable
suggestions; and to Mrs. Louise Hanley for much help in the utilization of
the above-mentioned collections, and for many items of expert editorial
advice.
We have profited greatly from the material thus far published by the
Linguistic Atlas of the United States and Canada, and in addition we wish
to thank the Directors for placing at our disposal a considerable amount of
unpublished material from the collections covering parts of the Central
West and of the South.
We thankfully acknowledge our great indebtedness, in common with all
students of the English language, to the great Oxford English Dictionary.
Intimately associated as the editors have been with Webster's New
International Dictionary, Second Edition, it is inevitable that we should
be influenced by its standards and indebted to its materials in many ways.
We gladly acknowledge the deepest obligations to it.
We are indebted to many individuals who have supplied us with details
of information in their respective fields; am.ong them. Professors Myles
Dillon (Celtic), William Ellery Leonard (English), J. Homer Herriott
(Spanish), Joseph L. Russo (Italian), Alexander A. Vasiliev (Russian),
R-M. S. Heffner (German and Phonetics), Einar Haugen (Scandinavian),
Casimir Zdanowicz (French), Dr. Karl G. Bottke (French and Italian),
Mr. Charles E. Condray (Southern speech), — all at the University of
Wisconsin; to Mr. Edward Artin, G. & C. Merriam Co., Springfield, Mass.
(Eastern speech). Professor J. D. M. Ford, Harvard University (Italian),
Professor Bernard Bloch, Brown University (Eastern speech), Dr. George
L. Trager, Yale University (Linguistics), Dr. Ruth E. Mulhauser, Hiram
X Preface
College (Romance Languages), Professor R. H. Stetson, Oberlin College
(Syllables).
To scholars and other competent observers in various parts of the United
States and Canada we are under special obligation for material which they
have collected on the speech of their regions, with valuable comment and in
many instances with phonograph records: to Professors Katherine Wheat-
ley, University of Texas; William A. Read, Louisiana State University;
George P. Wilson, Woman's College, University of North Carolina; C. K.
Thomas, Cornell University; C. M. Wise, Louisiana State University; Lee
S. Hultzen, University of California at Los Angeles; W. Norwood Brigance,
Wabash College; Mr. John Kepke, New York City; Mr. L. Sprague de
Camp, New York City; Dr. Raven I. McDavid, Jr., South Carolina; Dr.
Martin Joos, University of Toronto, Can.
We also wish to thank a number of scholars and teachers who responded
to our request for advice on the editing (published in American Speech, xi,
Oct. 1936, pp. 227-31), replying either in the columns of that journal or by
private correspondence. Their suggestions were all carefully considered,
and many of them were adopted.
To Mr. Donald A. Bird, Mr. Philip M. Davies, and Mrs. Wayne Caygill
of the University of Wisconsin we are indebted for valuable assistance in
preparing the manuscript.
In addition to those mentioned above, the editors also have to express
lasting obligations to many more scholars, teachers, and others, who
made transcriptions of their own and others' speech, and often supplied
supplementary notes; in several instances also they sent phonograph
records. To those whose names follow and a few that we had no means of
identifying we extend our sincere thanks. Titles are omitted; and since it
could not be significant without detailed explanation, address and locality
are omitted. Suffice it to say that the informants were well distributed over
the United States. Those from Canada are so marked.
Virgil A. Anderson, Phyllis B. Arlt, A. M. Barnes, L. L. Barrett, A. C.
Baugh, J. F. Bender, C. L. Bennet (Can.), E. B. Birney (Can.), Morton W.
Bloomtield (Can.), Hilda Brannon, Alexander Brede, Jr., Christine Broome,
William F. Bryan, Donald C. Bryant, C. H. Carruthers (Can.), Philip H.
Churchman, Roy B. Clark, T. F. Cummings, Edwin B. Davis, J. de Angulo,
L. R. Dingus, Sarah Dodson, Julia Duncan, Norman E. Eliason, Bert
Emsley, E. E. Ericson, Paul H. Flint, Frances A. Foster, Elizabeth F.
Gardner, James Geddes, Jr., Erma M. Gill, W. Cabell Greet, Louis A.
Guerriero, Harold F. Harding, Harry W. Hastings, Grace E. Ingledue,
Annie S. Irvine, Cary F. Jacob, Joseph Jones, W. Powell Jones, Claude E.
Kantner, Clifford Anne King, C. A. Knudson, C. A. Lloyd, C. M. Lot-
speich, William F. Luebke, Klonda Lynn, T. O. Mabbott, John C. Mc-
Closkey, Cassa L. McDonald, James B. McMillan, Kemp Malone, Ed-
ward W. Mammen, Albert H. Marckwardt, E. K. Maxfield, R. J. Menner,
Preface xi
Alice W. Mills, George Neely, T. Earl Pardoe, Gordon E. Peterson, Holland
Peterson (Can.), Louise Pound, E. G. Proudman, Robert L. Ramsay,
W. Charles Redding, Loren D. Reid, Stuart Robertson, J. C. Ruppenthal,
I. Willis Russell, C. Richard Sanders, Edwin F. Shewmake, Loretta Skelly,
Gordon W. Smith, Paul L. Stayner, J. M. Steadman, Jr., W. J. Stevens
(Can.), Everett F. Strong, Morris Swadesh, C. H. Thomas, Argus Tresid-
der, E. H. Tuttle, W. Freeman Twaddell, Charles H. Voelker, Chad Walsh,
Lois P. Ware, Raymond Weeks, Walter H. Wilke, Rudolph Willard, A. M.
Withers, Robert Withington.
The typesetting and electrotyping of this book were done by the George
Banta Publishing Company, of Menasha, Wisconsin. To all members of its
staff who were concerned in any way with its making, the editors express
their grateful appreciation.
The editors feel that the making of the dictionary has been a co-operative
enterprise, and if it has value, this is in large measure due to expert help
from many voluntary contributors; for its defects the editors hold them-
selves solely responsible.
Vachel Lindsay Room, Hiram College John S. Kenyon
September, 1943 Thomas A, Knott
CONVENTIONALIZED DIAGRAM OF THE SPEECH ORGANS
(Reprinted by permission from Kenyon's American Pronunciation, 8th ed.)
LL=Lips. Pt = Tongue Point. Bl = Tongue Blade. Tr = Teethridge. HP = Hard Palate.
V = Velum (soft palate): black: lowered, or open; dotted: raised, or closed. U = Uvula.
Ph = Pharynx. VC = Vocal Cords.
(xU)
L'
Lbr
CHART OF THE TONGUE POSITIONS OF THE VOWELS
(Reproduced, with slight changes, from Kenyon's American Pronunciation,
8th edition, by permission.)
Hf = High-front
L'hf = Lower high-front
H''mf= Higher mid-front
L^'mf = Lower mid -front
Lf = Low-front
The left of the figure represents the front of the mouth
He = High-central
Mc = Mid-central
Lea = Low-central advanced
Hbr = High-back round
L''hbr= Lower high-back round
Mbr = Mid-back round
H''lbr = Higher low-back round
Lbr = Low-back round
Lb = Low-back
(xiii)
INTRODUCTION
THE STYLE OF SPEECH REPRESENTED
§1. It is the purpose of this dictionary to show the pronunciation of cultivated colloquial
English in the United States. The meaning of the word colloquial is sometimes misunderstood.
A common misunderstanding is that in dictionaries the label Colloq. attached to a word or
pronunciation brands it as inferior, and therefore to be avoided.
Webster^s New International Dictionary, Second Edition, thus defines colloquial: "Pertaining
to, or used in, conversation, esp. common and familiar conversation; conversational; hence,
unstudied; informal; as, colloquial phrases or pronunciations; specif., of a word or a sense or use
of a word or expression, acceptable and appropriate in ordinary conversational context, as in
intimate speech among cultivated people, in familiar letters, in informal speeches or writings,
but not in formal written discourse {flabbergast; go slow; harum-scarum). Colloquial speech
may be as correct as formal speech. 'Every educated person speaks his mother tongue in at least
two ways, and the difference between the dignified and the colloquial style is considerable.'
— G. L. Kittredge." It should be noted that the illustrative words do not refer to pronuncia-
tion but to diction, though the definition includes pronunciation.
The definition in the Oxford Dictionary is concise and also adequate. Though it does not
mention pronunciation, "etc." may safel}^ be taken to include it: "Of words, phrases, etc.:
Belonging to common speech; characteristic of or proper to ordinary conversation, as dis-
tinguished from formal or elevated language. (The usual sense.)"
Definitions of colloquial that only concern choice of words and give as examples only oaths
or slang are perhaps in part responsible for some of the popular misunderstanding of the term.
A less frequent, but still not uncommon error is the confusion of colloquial with local, the
assumption that a colloquialism is a localism, and so to be avoided.
Another not uncommon confusion is to regard colloquial English as the opposite of standard
English {standard being confused with formal or literary). There is standard colloquial English
and standard formal or Hterary English, as there is nonstandard colloquial and nonstandard
formal English. As regards pronunciation, one kind of nonstandard formal Enghsh is the arti-
ficial type in which vowels that are normally unaccented are pronounced with their accented
sounds, in which articles {a, an, tlie), prepositions {to, from, of), and other normally unstressed
particles are pronounced with their emphatic forms instead, in which the tempo and intonation
are not those of traditional living speech, in which abnormal accentuation and loudness are
practiced, together with similar distortions that detract from unostentatious sincerity.
The accepted meaning of colloquial is to be found in the work of such linguistic scholars
as Professor Henry Cecil Wyld, of Oxford, whose History of Modern Colloquial English deals
with the unstudied speech and familiar correspondence of the cultivated classes, and reminds
us of the importance both to literature and to general culture of this central core of the EngHsh
language. Says Professor Wyld, "This style of Uterary prose is aUve and expressive chiefly
insofar as it is rooted in that of colloquial utterance. . . . The style of Literature is rooted in
the life and conversation of the age."^ Similarly, the American scholar and poet William Ellery
1 History oj Modern Colloquial English, London 1925, pp. 157, 188.
fxv)
xvi The Phonetic Alphabet
Leonard: "In general every good colloquialism is possible in good prose (or verse), for quite
rightly good prose (or verse) is becoming more and more a skillful adaptation of the vigorous,
_i;pmpact, racy idiom of the best spoken speech."^
' ^y / §2. Colloquial pronunciation is here treated as the conversational and familiar utterance
\ foi cultivated speakers when speaking in the normal contacts of life and concerned with what
1 Vthey are saying, not how they are saying it. There are, of course, different styles of colloquial,
/ fl-om that of the everyday contacts of family life to the somewhat less familiar contacts of
\ social and business or professional life. The variant pronunciations of the same word fre-
quently shown will often reflect the different styles of the colloquial. In all cases of words
that are not formal per se, unstudied everyday speech is the basis. It is of course true that the
majority of words in general use are the same for colloquial as for formal language, and are
pronounced alike in both styles.
The editors are aware that the attempt to represent in fairly accurate symbols the every-
day speech of the cultivated is likely now and then to cause surprise and to tempt criticism.
The average observer has not been trained to observe speech on the wing, ana is too apt to
be influenced by unconscious habitual association with spelling forms. No experience is com-
moner with trained observers than to hear certain pronunciations in the very statements in
which the critic is denying them.
It must also be remembered that not all words are of a colloquial nature. Words not in
colloquial use have, properly speaking, no colloquial pronunciation. Thus the word exorcise
does not often occur in conversation. Its pronunciation is therefore what it would be in formal
context, with the -or- fully sounded. If it should become a popular word, it would sound just
like exercise. So the word adhibit, not being colloquial, receives the full sound of the first vowel
as in add, while in the more popular word advise the first vowel is normally obscured.
THE PHONETIC ALPHABET
§3. Pronunciation in this dictionary is indicated by the alphabet of the International
Phonetic Association (IPA). These symbols and the pronunciations represented by them in-
variably appear in boldface type. More than half of these are the ordinary letters of the English
alphabet or familiar variations of them. v
Each symbol stands for or ly one speech sound, and each speech sound has only one symbol
to represent it. In accord with the practice of many British and American users of this alphabet
the accented sounds a, 3, s' are considered to be separate speech sounds from the unaccented
sounds a and ^. Diphthongs are regarded as single sounds and their symbols (ai, au, oi, etc.)
as single symbols. The same is true of tj, d3.
In using the phonetic alphabet the reader must be careful to give only the one designated
sound to those letters which in ordinary spelling represent more than one sound. Thus the
symbol g has only the sound in get get, never that in gem dsem; s has only tlie sound in gas
gaes, never that in iiise waiz or that in vision Visan. The dotted i has only the sound in machine
malfin, never that in shin fin; ordinary e always has the sound in gate get, never that in tnet
met. Below is the list of symbols with key words. The notes after the table give fuller informa-
tion and additional symbols. The accent mark (') always precedes the syllable accented.
' American Speech, viii, 3, Oct. 1933, p. 57.
The Phonetic Alphabet
xvii
VOWELS
Sym-
Sym-
bol
Spelling
Spoken Form
bol
SpeUing
Spoken Form
i
bee
bl
u
full
ful
I
pity
'piti
u
tooth
tue
e
rate
ret
3-
further
'fySa^ accented syllable
e
yet
j£t
only, r'5 sounded
9
sang
S£eg
3
further
'faSa accented syllable
a
bath
baO as heard in the East,
only, r'^ silent
between
ae (sang)
a^
further
'fytSa' unaccented syllable
and a (ah)
only, r's sounded
a
ah
far
a
far
3
further
'fsSa unaccented syllable
only, t's silent
D
watch
WDtJ between o
3 (jaw)
1 (ah) and
custom
above
'kAstam unaccented syl-
a'bAv table
3
jaw
d33
gorge
gards
A
custom
'kAstam accented sylla-
o
go
go
above
a'bAv ble
DIPHTHONGS
ai
while
hwail
ju
using
'juzig
au
how
hau
fuse
fjuz
31
toy
t3I
lU
fuse
fiuz
CONSONANTS
Sym-
S3rm-
bol
Spelling
Spoken Form
bol
Spelling
Spoken Form
P
pity
'piti
d3
jaw
d33
b
bee
bi
edge
Eds
t
tooth
tue
m
custom
%ASt3in
d
dish
di/
in
keep 'em
'kipm
k
custom
'kAstsm
n
y.
vision
Vi33n
g
go
go
9
Eden
'id^i
f
fuU
ful
sang
saeg
V
vision
'visan
angry
'aeg-gri
e
tooth
tue
1
full
ful
3
further
'fytia'
}
cradle
'kredj
s
sang
saeg
w
watch
wotj
z
using
'juzig
hw
while
hwail
;
dish
di/
3
yet
jet
5
vision
Vi33ii
I
rate
ret
h
how
hau
very
Veri
tS
watch
WDtJ
far
far
chest
(Jest
gorge
gsrds
xviii The Phonetic Alphabet
ACCENT MARKS
§4. The mark ' above the line and before a syllable indicates that that syllable has the
principal accent, as in action 'aek/an. The corresponding mark ^ below the line and before a
syllable indicates that that syllable has an accentuation somewhat weaker than the main one,
as in acrobat 'aekrajbaet, Aberdeeti jaeba^'din, shoemaker '/u/meka'. For discussion of accent,
see §§48-54.
LENGTH MARK
§5. The colon (:) after a vowel or a consonant symbol indicates that its sound is prolonged.
Thus the form sae:nd beside saet means that the ss sound in sand is longer than in sat; and the
form d33is : means that in one pronunciation of the plural joists (with omitted t) the s is longer
than it is in rejoice ri'dsois. In the vocabulary the length sign is used only occasionally or in
certain classes of words. See fuller discussion of length at §55.
NOTES ON THE SYMBOLS
§6. I. The symbol i is used for accented or unaccented syllables. Though the accented
and unaccented vowels in pity 'piti, sitting 'sitig, visit Vizit, etc., are sometimes different in
quality, the differences are here ignored, since they vary with different speakers and with the
different sounds that precede or follow. This accords with common practice in transcription.
When final, the unaccented vowel in pity 'piti and similar words varies with different speak-
ers in .I'Vmerica from a sound like the i in bit bit, or like the first i in 'piti, to a sound that ap-
proaches the i in bee bi. See the ending -y in the vocabulary.
§7. e. The vowel in rate ret and other words with "long a" is very often (but by no means
always) a diphthong (gliding from one vowel to another in the same syllable) ei, ei, ee, or the
like. On linguistic principles the one sj'mbol e properly stands for all varieties of the sound
(whether diphthong or not). The variants never distinguish words otherwise alike.
§8. E. The symbol e is used not only for words like yet J£t, send send, but also for one type
of pronunciation of the vowel sound in there 'Ser, swear swtr, air er, as pronounced by Taa.ny.
When thus followed by r, the e sound is usually a little more like the ae in sang saeg than is
the E in yet J£t, send send. Many speakers pronounce ae in such words in both America and
England. Both pronunciations are given in the vocabulary {there tier, tiaer).
§9. ae. This ligature is a unit symbol (not two letters) standing for a single simple vowel
sound. It was the letter used in Anglo-Saxon times for the same sound in Old English as in
present English sat (OE sast). Originally combined from the Latin letters a and e (since its
sound la}^ between the two Latin sounds), its present value in the IP A alphabet is the same as
in its oldest use in Enghsh.
§10. a. This vowel sound, not in general use in America as a whole, is about midway be-
tween the vowel of sang saeg and the vowel of ah a, father 'fatfa^. It is often heard in New
England and New York City in such words as ask ask, chaff tjaf, bath ba6 (which are also
there pronounced aesk, tj'aef, baeO or ask, tJaf, baO). It commonly begins the diphtliongs in
while and how. The vowel a is an important sound in French, Spanish, and other foreign
languages, and is common in cultivated Northern British, Scottish, Anglo-Irish, and Canadian.
The symbol a must always be carefully distinguished from a. For the use of a in Eastern
American, see §§102 f.
The Phonetic Alphabet xix
§11. a. This is the "broad a" sound in ah a, far lax, father 'fatJaf in most of America. It is
also used by the majority. of Americans in "short o" words such as top tap, got gat, fodder 'fada^.
in which some speakers pronounce d.
§12. D. The symbol d represents a vowel not in universal American use. It is the historical
"short o" now generally used in England in words like top top, got got, fodder 'foda, by many
Easterners and Southerners, and in certain kinds of words by many speakers in all parts of the
country. It is a sound about midway between a in ah and 3 in wall. It may be approximated
by trying to sound a in ah while (without moving the tongue) rounding the lips for o in wall.
As with a, so with o, there is no key word that will convey to all Americans its exact sound.
The key word watch, here used, frequently is spoken with d in all parts of America, but it is
also often pronounced wat/, with a as in ah, and wat/, with a as in wall.
§13. o. Like e, the symbol o represents either a simple vowel or a diphthong (ou, ou, ov,
etc.). For the same reason stated at e (§7 above) the symbol o is used for both the simple
vowel and the diphthong. For b see -ow in the vocabulary.
§14. u, u. The small capital u {full ful) and the Io^^"er-case u (tooth tu9) are to be carefullj-
distinguished from each other.
§15. y. The symbol y represents the accented form of the so-called "r-colored" vowel used
in the first syllable oi further 'fytia' by those who do not "drop their r's." In current spelling
it is spelt with a vowel letter followed by the letter r {word, fur, term, firm, earn). But in
sound this vowel y is not followed by r; it is a vowel made wliile the tongue is at the same
time holding the position for r. Such vowels are common in many types of English. The con-
sonantal r sound that formerly followed the vowel (hence the present spelling) long ago merged
with the preceding vowel and disappeared as a separate sound, though its effect is still heard
in the r-coloring of the vowel. The simple proof of the nature of the present sound is that the
vowel cannot be pronounced separately from the r without producing a quite different sound,
whereas this can easily be done with, say, the a and r of /arm.
§16. 3. The symbol 3 represents the corresponding vowel in the word furtJwr of those who
"drop their r's," the tongue for this vowel 3 being in the same general central position in the
mouth as for 3^, but without the simultaneous adjustment of the tongue for the r-coloring
(usually the elevation of the tip). For those accustomed to pronounce y a fairly good 3 can
be made by trying to pronounce 3^ in bird with the point of the tongue placed against the backs
of the lower teeth, and with the jaw a trifle more closed than for the vowel a in sun. This 3
is often followed by r, as in furry 'fs-ri, from fur is. While the majority of Ameri-
cans pronounce fur fy, and furry 'fs^i, most British and many eastern and southern
Americans pronounce fur is, and ftirry 'f3'ri. But in words Uke hurry, which is not derived
from a simple form hur z.?, furry is ixovafur, three American pronunciations are common, — 'hy -i,
'hs-ri, 'hA-ri, the last being least frequent and tending to become 'hs-ri or 'hy-n.
§17. a'. The symbol 9- is the unaccented r-colored vowel, like 3" inseparable from its r
quality, as pronounced by those who do not "drop their r's." The two symbols y and a' are
formed from the IP A symbols 3 and a (as used, e.g., in the word Herbert 'hsbat in Ida C.
Ward's Phonetics of English, Cambridge, Engd. 1939, p. 108), by attaching the hook of retro-
flexion (r-coloring) used by the IPA on the consonants s, z, t, d, etc. {Le Maitre Fhonetique,
Jan.-Mar. 1942, inside front cover). This makes easy the comparison of such words as Herbert
XX The Phonetic Alphabet
as pronounced by those who "drop their r's" ('hsbat) and by those who sound them ('hs^ba^t),
showing at a glance the phonetic relation between such words in the two types of speech
{further 'fsSa — 'fa^Sa*, perverse paVss — pa'Vss, bird bad — byd, over 'ova — 'ova^), all four sounds
3, y, a, » being vowels, none of them here followed by r.
§18. a. The s3Tnbol a represents the "neutral vowel," or "schwa" Jwa, heard in the im-
accented syllable of custom 'kAStam, or, as just shown above, in that oi further from those who
"drop their r's" ('f sSa) . With many such speakers the a of 'f atSa is not exactly like the a of 'kAS-
tam, but is commonly regarded as the same speech sound.
§19. A. This represents the accented vowel of custom 'kAstam, above a'bAv, undone An'dAn.
In An'dAnthe first syllable is not quite without accent, but has sufficient accent (though not
marked) to make it audibly more prominent than the un- of unless (spoken colloquially)
an'ks. Compare unlace Angles with unless an'ks, or undone An'dAn with and done in the phrase
over and done with 'ova' an'dAn witJ, or untilled with until in This land was untitled until now
An'tild an 'til nau. The prefix un- is commonly pronounced An- with more or less subordinate
accent. See un- in the vocabulary.
§20. ai, au. For regional varieties of these diphthongs see Variants §§105-108.
§21. ju. This is a rising diphthong — the Jast part being stressed more than the first. It
begins with the glide consonant j (as in yet J£t) and ends with the vowel u (as in tooth tu9).
ju would not be separately Usted as a vowel symbol, being a consonant plus vowel, except for
comparison with the diphthong lu (see below), with which it often alternates, for ju is of the
same nature as other combinations of consonantal j plus a vowel (as in ye ji, yea je, yaw ja, yet
jet, etc.) or of consonantal w plus a vowel {we wi, way we, woe wo, etc.).
§22. lu. This is either a falling diphthong (first element stressed, as in the diphthongs ai,
au, 3i), or a level-stress diphthong, both elements being about equall}' prominent. If the last
element becomes more prominent, then lu becomes ju, as it did historically in such words as
use juz. The form lu is heard from many speakers in such words as fuse fiuz, where others
pronounce ju (fjuz). For the occurrence of lu in America, see Variants §109.
lu is a modified form of lu, occurring chiefly as an alternative to u or ju that has been re-
duced from u or ju by lack of stress {superb su'pyb, siu'pyb, sju'pyb) or before r {curious
'kjurias, 'kiurias). The phonetic surroundings lead without effort to the modified lu and ju.
§23. g. It should be noted that this sound is a simple, single sound, which cannot be di-
vided. It is made by contact of the tongue back with the velum, as the simple sound n is made
by contact of the tongue point with the upper teethridge. The usual spelhng with two letters
{ng) has sometimes led to an impression that o is a combination sound. It is also spelt with n
only {angry 'aeg-gri, ink igk). When speakers "drop their g's" (as in runnin' for running),
they drop no sound, but they replace the tongue-back nasal g ('rAmg) with the tongue-point
nasal n ('rAnin).
§24. m, n, 1. These are called syllabic consonants because they form syllables without any
vowel whatever, either alone {stop 'em 'stap-m, button 'bAt-n, saddle 'saed-l) or with other con-
sonants {opened 'op-md, buttoned 'bAt-nd, saddled 'saed-ld). These and such forms as keep 'em
'kipm, Eden 'idit^, cradle 'kredl have no vowel in the unaccented syllable because, for ip,
the lips continue closed throughout pip, and, for ip and |, the tongue point remains in contact
with the teethridge throughout t^ and dj. Between some other consonants, as sip {lessen
The Phonetic Alphabet xxi
'ksn), zn {reason 'rizn), pi {apple 'aepl) the transition to the second consonant is so quick, or
the opening of the speech organs is so slight, that no vowel intervenes.
All of the foregoing forms can also be uttered with the schwa vowel a plus a nonsyllabic
consonant ('kipara, 'idan, 'bAtan, 'kredal, ^ksan, 'rizan, 'aepal), but in some of these and many
others the pronunciation with a is either not accepted in good use, or is a mark of formal,
noncolloquial pronunciation. On this point see further. Variants §114.
The remaining nasal consonant g can also be syllabic, as in the colloquial / can go ^aikg'go.
Here the tongue back remains in contact with the velum throughout the k and the g. The
syllabic marker is sometimes placed over the symbol g, but is here not deemed necessary, since
syllabic g is not frequent, and g is never syllabic in the same position in which it is nonsyllabic.
It is always syllabic after a consonant (^aikg'go, 'baegg'baegidg, 'mekg) and never syllabic
after a vowel (sig, 'baegig, 'mekig).
As 'aspl and 'aepal show the alternation between a syllabic consonant ( 1 ) and schwa plus the
same consonant (al), so syllabic consonants may alternate with nonsyllabic consonants, but
here sometimes with a difference of meaning: help 'em eat 'hElpm 'it (3 syllables) — helpmeet
'helpjinit (2 syls.) ; ordinance 'ardnans (3 syls.) — ordnance 'ardnans (2 syls.) ; double it 'dAb} rt
(3 syls.) — doublet 'dAblit (2 syls.). Such alternation is often shown in the vocabulary in con-
nection with the ending -ing; thus blazoning is pronounced either 'blez-n-ig or 'blez-nig;
handling is either 'haen-dlig or 'haen-dj-ig. The one deemed most usual in colloquial speech
is given first; but often there is little choice, the form depending on style of speech.
§25. hw. Linguists are disagreed whether hw should be regarded as a single speech sound
or as two — h followed by w. When regarded as a single phoneme it is often transcribed with
inverted w (av) . Here the symbol hw is used for the sound spelt wh in words like while hwail.
For variation in pronunciation of words spelt with wh see Variants §113.
§26. r. In this book the S3Tnbol r is used for the consonant, as in rate ret, cradle 'kredj,
where it is parallel in phonetic structure to w in wait wet, twain twen, and to j in Yale je!,
cue kju, that is, a glide consonant or semivowel before a vowel in the same syllable. In addition,
the symbol r is here used for the sound in very 'veri, far far, gorge gardg, which some regard as
a nonsyllabic vowel forming a diphthong with the preceding vowel. This is sometimes ex-
pressed by the vowel symbol a- ('ve^i, faa', gaa^ds), which is defensible on laboratory evidence.
But the ends of simplicity seem better served to confine the use of a^ to representing the syl-
labic vowel, so that whenever ^ occurs in this book it always represents a syllable, either alone,
as in better 'bet-a^, or with a consonant, as in perceive pa^'siv. Thus the word floiuer, which is
pronounced either with two syllables or with one, can be transcribed with two ('flaua^) or with
one (flaur). In the speech of those who "drop their r's" the two-syllable pronunciation is
shown by separating the syllables with a centered period ('flau-a) and the one-syllable pro-
nunciation without it (f laua) . Here the accent mark also implies more than one syllable, but
would not help to distinguish three-syllable cornflower ES 'kaan^flau-a from two-syllable
cornflour 'kaan^flaua, or three-syllable flower cup 'flau-a^kAp from two-syWable flour cup
'flaua^kAp. In current speech (and often in poetry) all such words as flower, flour, higher, hire
have either two syllables or one. In this dictionary, as a rule, the number of syllables indicated
follows the conventional spelling form.
The symbol r is also used between a and a vowel in such a position as in flattery 'flstari.
xxii The Phonetic Alphabet
which might (less conveniently) be regarded as flatter 'flaeta^ plus -y -i, or by those who "drop
their ^'s" as 'flaeta plus -ri. The slight difference in sound between 'flaeta^i and 'flaetaTi de-
pends on where the last syllable begins, and is here disregarded.
In a few cases ^ is used to represent the speech of those who "drop their r's," as in overact
jova^'aekt, where all speakers would normally sound the r before a vowel.
Besides the usual American sounds of r, the symbol r mdicates certain different sounds in
some varieties of English and in foreign languages; as (1) the tongue-point trill (vibra-
tion against the upper teethridge) in Scottish, Anglo-Irish, Italian, Spanish, and some-
times German and French; (2) the uvular trill (vibration of the uvula against the back of the
tongue) found in French and German; and (3) the uvular fricative, or "scrape," found in
French and German. These varieties of r have special IPA symbols not needed in this book,
where they are all represented by r.
ADDITIONAL PHONETIC SYMBOLS
In addition to the symbols given above, a number of symbols are used to express less com-
mon English sounds and the sounds of foreign languages recorded in the dictionarJ^ The de-
scriptions of the foreign sounds are only approximate, and are intended for those not familiar
with the foreign sounds. The symbols not here described, when used to express foreign pro-
nunciations, have approximately the same sounds as in English words.
§27. X. This stands for the consonant in German ich ix, ach ax, Scottish loch Idx, Spanish
junto 'xunto, an "open" k sound made by forcing voiceless breath through a loose contact
of the back of the tongue with the soft palate (velum) at the same point where a firm contact
would stop the breath and make the k sound. A separate symbol (5) is sometimes used to ex-
press the more forward variety of the sound heard in ich. But, as Bloomfield has shown, one
symbol is suflicient for both varieties.
§28. g. This is the fricative g sound (we here use the older and better IPA symbol), pro-
nounced like X except with voiced breath (vocal cords vibrating), and related to the English
stop g just as X is related to stop k.
§29. 4. The so-called Welsh fricative /, expressed in current Welsh spelling by //, is a kind
of I sound made by forcible expulsion of voiceless breath at one side of the tongue near the back
teeth, the tongue being in contact near the teethridge in front and at the other side. In Angli-
cized pronunciation of Welsh names 4 is sometimes replaced byEngUshfl (i^/weWew iox Llewelyn,
Floyd for Lloyd) or by English 6l (elaen'b£ris for Llanheris).
§30. 1. This is ordinary English 1 except that it is voiceless. Its chief use is in the French pro-
nunciation of such words as debacle de'ba:kl, where the 1 is final after a voiceless consonant.
It is almost inaudible to an English ear, and is sometimes actually lost in French conversa-
tion. (Voiceless m (m) occurs in a word or two; cf twiph.)
§31. r. Voiceless r is used in some French words when final after a voiceless consonant
{J of re 3b'fr). Like 1, it is sometimes lost in French speech.
§32. i. This is the palatal lateral, or palatal / (not the same as palatalized /, occasionalh-
represented by Ij in the vocabulary). It may be approximated by keeping the tongue pressed
against the backs of the lower teeth while trying to sound 1. In the vocabularj'- X is used chiefl}-
in Spanish and Italian words.
The Phonetic Alphabet xxiii
^33. ji. This is palatal n (different from palatalized n, expressed in the vocabulary, when
needed, by nj). Like A., it can be approximated by keeping the tongue pressed against the backs
of the lower teeth while trying to sound n. In the vocabulary ji is used chiefly in French,
Spanish, and Italian words.
§34. JA. Inverted w, see hw.
§35. ''. The glottal stop. Not a distinctive speech sound in English (it never distinguishes
words otherwise alike). It often occurs before a vowel in English in clear, emphatic utter-
ance. It is formed by closing the glottis as in holding the breath with open mouth. The glottal
stop followed by its explosive release is heard in coughing.
§36. p. This is the voiced bilabial fricative. It sounds, and is made, somewhat like v, but
in P the upper lip replaces the upper teeth, the voiced breath passing out with friction between
the slightly separated lips, instead of (as in v) between the lower lip and the upper teeth. In the
vocabulary ^ occurs chiefly in Spanish words (Habana a'^ana).
§37. >!>. This, the "candle-blowing" sound, is the voiceless counterpart of (J, and bears the
same relation to f that ^ does to v. For an example, see whew in the vocabulary.
§38. q. This sound is used only in French words. It is nearly equivalent to j pronounced
with rounded lips, being the glide, or semivowel, corresponding to the front rounded vowel y
(§42 below). It is made by a quick glide (with rounded lips) from the position for y to a follow-
ing vowel, just as the glide semivowel j is made by a quick glide (with unrounded lips) from the
position of i to a following vowel, or as the glide w is made by a quick glide from the position
for u to a following vowel. An example of q is seen in French finance nqa:s.
§39. i. This represents a vowel sound about midway between (front) i and (back) u. It is
common in Welsh {Llandudno 4-an'didno).
§40. i. This represents a vowel made with the tongue retracted somewhat from the lower
high-front position for ordinary i {hid) . It is regularly heard as the first element of the common
American diphthong la, in this book written lu {fuse f luz) . The sound i is also common in the
endings -ed {stated), -es {glasses) if they are not pronounced either -id, -iz, or -ad, -az. See the
ending -ed in the vocabulary. This symbol is not often used in the vocabulary.
§41. tt. This is commonly heard as the final element of the ^American diphthong m {fuse
fiHz). It represents a vowel resembling u but with the tongue advanced from the position for
u. Like I, the symbol « is not regularly used in the vocabulary, the diphthong la being regu-
larly written lu, and the advanced h not being distinguished from u. The advanced sound de-
noted by » is also heard by itself in the speech of many who do not use ih, but who distin-
guish, for example, brewed brad from brood brud. See Variants ju, lu, a, §109.
§42. y. This is the high-front rounded vowel of German hiibsch hyp/, kiihi ky:n, or of
French lime lyn, dur dy:r. It may be approximated by trying to pronounce i {bid) or i {bee)
with Ups rounded as for a {too).
§43. 0. This is the mid-front rounded vowel of German schon /oin or French peu p0. It
may be approximated by trying to sound e {rate) with Ups rounded as for o {go) .
§44. oe. This is the low-front or lower mid-front rounded vowel of German kmnen
^oensn or French heiire ce:r, and may be approximated by trying to pronounce 8 or ae of
there tJer, tJaer with lips rounded as for d {wall).
§45. Q This is the symbol for an o sound intermediate between o {go) and a {wall). Cf. §98.
xxiv Stress, Accent, Sense Stress
§46. b'. This is a kind of a sound with the tongue pushed farther forward than in -wall. It
may be approximated by sounding a {sun) with hps rounded as for o {wall). It is nearly the
sound of French "short o" in cotte kb't, this symbol being regularly used in the vocabulary to
denote this French vowel. The symbol b' is also used to denote the so-called "New England
short 0," shown in the vocabulary for certain words that usually have the vowel o {go), but
which, according to Grandgent, are also pronounced with b by many cultivated speakers in
New England.
§47. The French nasalized vowels x., a, o, 6e are, respectively, the vowel sounds ae, a, o, oe
pronounced with the nasal passage open to the throat, the velum being lowered as when
breathing through nose and mouth together. In works on French phonetics, for reasons inci-
dent to practical transcription, « is usually written e, and o written 3, but they are described
as & and o sounds, and are here so represented.
STRESS, ACCENT, SENSE STRESS
§48. Stress is the general term for prominence of a sound or syllable, whether that promi-
nence is produced by force of utterance, by pitch, by duration of sound, or (as usuall}') b}'
some combination of these elements. Accent is the specific term for the prominence of one
syllable over others in a plurisyllable (word of more than one syllable), as practice 'praektis,
remain ri'men, element 'ebniant. Monosyllables therefore have no accent in this sense.
§49. Sense stress, or sentence stress, is the prominence of certain words among others in a
group that makes sense — phrase, clause, or sentence; as The farmer dis^ posed of Ms ^holdings.
Here the marked words have more sense stress than the urmiarked the, of, his. The same marks
can show sense stress of monosyllables {TJie htian has ^gone to his ^house). The sense stress of
plurisyllables always falls on their accented syllables.
In the vocabulary every word of more than one syllable has a primary accent mark in the
pronunciation {clothing 'kloSig, amiss a'mis, variant Veriant, preceding pri'sidig, inflected
in'flektid). Some words have two, when two syllables are nearly or quite equal {redheaded
Ved'hedid).
§50. Syllables more prominent than one or more others in a word, but less prominent than the
strongest one in the word, have some degree of subordinate accent, which may or may not be
indicated by the secondary accent mark (i ), as hesitate 'hez3jtet, hesitation jliEza'tejan. Since
subordinate accent varies from nearly the weakest to nearly the strongest in words where it
can occur, and varies moreover with innumerable styles of speech, no dictionary can accurately
mark all instances. Hence the use of secondary accent marks here is largely conventional.
Secondary accent is usually marked in words with a clear rhythmical alternation of accents
{satisfy 'saetiSifai, satisfaction jsaetis'faekjan), or when it is adjacent to the chief accent in
compound words whose parts are also well known as separate words {horseplay 'harsjple), and
wherever needed to make the whole accentuation clearer {Winchester ^win^tjEsta^; cf also
Gambia and Gambier in the vocabulary). Cf §19.
§51. In the vocabulary certain monosyllables that have var>'ing sense stress are marked
with primary and secondary accents beside forms without accent, to show how they would be
stressed in connected speech. Thus his in its stressed forms is marked 'hiz, jhiz, as they might
Stress, Accent, Sense Stress xxv
occur in This is his jSis iz 'hiz or His friend was gone jhiz 'frend waz 'g3n, by the side of its un-
stressed form, as in / met his father ai 'met iz 'fatJa^.
§52. In words where a syllabic 1 or n is followed by an accented syllable beginning with a
vowel (ventilation jventl'e/an, ventilate Vent|jet, ordination jordn'efan, ordinary brdrijEri), the
accent mark is placed after the 1 or n, for if placed before (jvent'le/an, prd'nefan), this would
imply that 1 or n is accented, which is impossible in English. Stetson's laboratory findings
indicate that part of the 1 or n may be carried over to the following syllable, but without being so
markedly doubled or lengthened as it would be in a little late 'litl'let or a sndden need 'sAdn'nid.
Hence the accentuation must be shown as jventl'ejan, prdn'ejan, but with the understanding
that the syllable division may be within the 1 or n, which is, nevertheless, not so long as 11 or
nn. The problem may be evaded in such words by ignoring the 1 or n and transcribing jventi-
'lefan, jVEnta'lefan, jordi'ne/an, prda'ne/an, but to assume that such pronunciations are more
usual in cultivated colloquial speech is merely to shut our eyes to the facts. (Syllabic m or g
seldom if ever occurs in such situations.)
§53. Shifting accent is often seen in such compound adjectives as high-strung 'hai'strAg,
thus marked with the normal accentuation of the word when spoken alone or when used predi-
catively as in He's rather high-strung. When this is immediately followed by a strong stress
{high-strung nerves), the second accent is reduced {^high- ^strung ^nerves). For fuller discussion,
see Webster^s New International, pp. xxxv f., §66. The rhythmic factor involved sometimes
brings about permanent changes of accent. Certain adjectives (as cold-blooded) occurring often
in the attributive position {^ cold-, blooded ^man) may become generalized with the accent of
the attributive use, so that some speakers always say ^cold-, blooded Qcold- flooded ^man, He's
^cold- flooded) , where others would say ^cold- filooded ^man, but He's ^cold-^blooded. For the
method of showing this in the vocabulary see §54(2). Other words than compound adjectives
are subject to the same shift when followed by a strong accent, as Shaw^nee but ^Shaw^nee
Hribes. Many examples of these shifts are given in the vocabulary.
Another type of shift in accent is brought about by emphasis. When such adverbs as
^absofutely, ^neces^sarily, hrdi,narily are made emphatic, they are likely to be accented
,absoHutely, ,neces^sarily, ,ordVnarily. Most adverbs of this type show this tendency in Ameri-
can English, and in some cases this accentuation has become generalized; i.e., many speakers
say firdi^narily, ^neces^sarily under all circumstances, even when these are not emphatic. The
shifted accentuation is usually shown in the vocabulary thus: "esp. if emphatic jueces'sarily,"
which means that this accentuation may occur at any time, and is especially apt to occur
under emphasis.
Shifting or variable secondary accent often occurs in such words as afiodehnician, finastig-
hnatic, ^impecca^bility , ^impenetra^bility, ,incompre^hensible, {incorpo^reity, inJerVority, where in
longer words the secondary accent precedes the primary. Here, in actual speech, such alterna-
tive accentuations as afiode^mician or flcade^mician, flmpenetra^bility or im,penetra^bility,
injerihrity or ,inferihrity are very common, and do not represent more and less desirable
pronunciations, but chiefly show the effect of varying sense stress, emphasis, speech rhythm
semantic distinctions, and other constantly varying factors of connected speech, so that in
many such instances the question which accentuation is preferable is irrelevant. See also §57.
§54. In the vocabulary, accent marks are sometimes used on words in ordinary spelHng
xxvi Length of Vowels
(lightface roman type) when it is desired to show only the accentuation, after a pronuncia-
tion already given. This occurs chiefly in two ways: —
(1) As at the entry heartsore, where, after the pronunciation and accent in phonetic sym-
bols, there is added "ace/ + 'heart 'sore," which means, "Besides the accentuation just given,
the following different accentuation is also current."
(2) As at the entry cloven-footed, a form in ordinary spelling with accent marks is added in
parentheses to show a different accentuation from that already given, especially a shifted
accentuation (§53). Thus the basic accentuation is shown in the pronunciation 'klovan'futid,
but in the attributive construction the accent on -'futid is reduced before a following stressed
syllable, and this is shown by the phrase in parentheses ('cloven-^footed 'ox). Less usually the
same device is used to illustrate or confirm the accentuation just given. Thus after the entry
and pronunciation week-end, adj, Vik'End, the first example in parentheses by its speech
rhythm confirms the accentuation just given ('week-'end /party), and the second example
illustrates the shift in accent due to a different speech rhythm ('week-^end 'trip). The reader
can usually confirm the instances of level-stress accentuation by putting the entry word into a
phrase with predicate construction, as The ox is ^cloven-footed.
Since it is impossible in the vocabulary to give such examples of variant accentuation at
every entry where it would be appropriate, it is to be understood from the occasional examples
given that it can occur in all similar cases.
In all cases where accent marks are used with lightface roman type, only accentuation,
and no other feature of pronunciation, is referred to.
LENGTH OF VOWELS
§55. As a rule the length of English vowels is not indicated in the vocabulary. In few
cases in American English as a whole is time length, or duration, of vowels significant — that
is, used to distinguish from each other words otherwise alike. Instances are found here and
there, some speakers distinguishing Jtalve hae:v from have haev by a longer ae, or vary V8:n from
very veri by a longer e.
In the E and S, however, some speakers distinguish certain classes of words by vowel length;
e.g., cart ka:t from cot kat by a longer a, and this is therefore a convenient way of marking
words in which r has been dropped after a or a with a resultant lengthening of the vowel
sound, as farm farm; ES farm, E + fa:m. The length sign is sometimes omitted in longer words
of this kind when a or a is noticeably shorter, as in impartiality jimpar'/aebti; ES jimpa'/aebti.
Since the other vowels before a silent r in ES are followed by a (ia, la, £3, aea, aa, oa, ua, ua),
there the length mark is not needed; as fear fir; ES fia(r, and the length colon is therefore only
used with a and a. On the use of aa in such words see Variants §96.
When the length sign is used, it invariably indicates time length, or duration, not vowel
quality, or tamber, and therefore has nothing to do with such distinctions as between so-
called "short z" (i) and "long i" (ai), or between "short ii," (a) and "long «" (ju or lu), or
between "short a" (ae) and "long a" (e), etc.
In cases Hke Aachen 'akan, 'axan {Ger 'a:xan), in which the vowel a is marked long in the
Order of Variant Pronunciations xxvii
foreign pronunciation (where length is significant) but left unmarked in the English, this does
not necessarily mean that the English vowel is shorter than the foreign one, but merely that
its length is of no importance, and hence is not indicated.
SINGLE AND DOUBLE CONSONANTS
§56. In reading the pronunciations the consultant should give particular attention to single
and double consonants. In ordinary spelling, doubled letters in English words commonly repre-
sent only single sounds {happy 'haepi, manner 'maena', goodness 'gudnis) . Only in compounds
{coaUail) or when suffixes are added {thinness) are the sounds really doubled ('kot^tel, 'einnis),
and not always then {laterally 'laetarali). Strict heed must be paid to the rule — one symbol,
one sound; two symbols, two sounds. See §3, 2d paragraph.
In some foreign pronunciations added to compare with the English (esp. Italian) this must
be watched; thus in English, Monticello has but one 1 sound (jmanta'sslo), but in Italian it has
two (jmonti't/eMo) . In Italian when t/, ds, ts, dz are doubled, tj" becomes ttf {Puccini Eng pu-
'tjini, but It put't/iini), d^ becomes dds {Maggiore Eng ma'dsori, but It mad'd3o:re), ts be-
comes Its {Tetrazzini Eng jtetra'zini, but It ^tetrat'tsiini), dz becomes ddz {mezzo Eng 'niEdzo,
but It 'meddzo).
THE ORDER OF VARIANT
PRONUNCIATIONS
§57. For words that are in general colloquial use it is intended to give first what is believed
to be the most usual colloquial pronunciation. But it must be emphasized that not too much
importance should be given to the order. For it is our purpose to give (unless otherwise indi-
cated) only pronunciations that are in general cultivated use — to give none that need be
avoided as incorrect or substandard. In a very large number of instances the different pro-
nunciations of a word are of approximately equal frequency and validity, and 3'et they can be
printed only in successive order. In numerous cases it is impossible to maintain on any solid
grounds that one pronunciation given is "better" than another, as, for example, that one pro-
nunciation of swamp is better than the others given; that ker for care is either better or worse
than kaer; that 'kagkwest is better or worse than 'kankwest, bg than lag or Ing, Ueva^ than
'liv3', and so on. Often, too, the variants given represent only differences of colloquial style,
depending on occasion, speed, degree of informality, etc., and having no bearing on the ques-
tion of correctness.
§58. Where statistics indicate relative frequency, this has been recorded; but fuUer collec-
tions might change the order. Statistics at present available are often based on the assumption
that all words of a given phonetic or historical class (as the "ask" words) will be pronounced
consistently. But that is not always true. A proof of this is found in the records of the Lin-
guistic Atlas of New England, which show that some words that might be expected to have the
vowel sound a or a (where British prevailingly has a) are seldom heard with a or a (as answer),
while others of the same group often or prevailingly have a or d"{a.s calf, half, aunt).
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
READING THE ENTRIES AND PRONUNCIATIONS
§59. Each entry, or article, in the vocabulary begins with a head word in lightface roman
type, followed without punctuation by the pronunciation in boldface.' The simplest form of
entry is
bequest bi'kwEst
with no derivatives and no variant pronunciations. If the word with the same spelling and
pronunciation is also found as a proper name (whether or not it is the same word), it is usually
thus indicated : —
clarion, C- 'klaerian
which means that clarion and Clarion are pronounced alike. The proper name may be entered
first:—
Cologne, c- ka'lon
which means that Cologne and cologne are pronounced ahke.
If the entry has a current variant spelling, that is entered in its alphabetical order, unless
it would be very near, or has a bearing on the pronunciation, in which case it is given at the
same entry. Words alternatively spelt -tre are, however, always found with those in -ter
{center).
In the large group of words like travel{l)ed, the optional second / is disregarded.
WORDS LISTED UNDER HEAD WORDS
§60. If a word is not found in alphabetical order, it is to be looked for under some obvi-
ously related head word. Thus many adverbs will be found with the corresponding adjectives;
as,
holy 'holi Iholily 'hobh, -lili
This method permits the inclusion of far more words than would otherwise be possible.
§61. If a word has variant pronunciations not dependent on locality, they are separated by
commas : —
every 'evri, 'evari
defect di'ftkt, 'dif£kt
§62. Commonly, to show such variants only the part that varies is repeated. In repre-
senting such fragments of spelling or pronunciation the hyphen shows which part of the word
is intended. Thus de- is the first part, -min- a middle part, and -a7it a final part. For ex-
ample,
logwood 'bgjwud, 'lag-, 'log-
By adding the omitted part (here shown in parentheses) to each fragment we get 'lag(jwud),
'lDg((Wud) as the 2d and 3d variants.
midday 'mid^de, -'de
By adding the omitted part, with its accent, to the fragment, we get ('mid)'de for the 2d
variant.
Lofthouse 'bftas, 'loft-, -^haus '
3 In the vocabulary all spelling forms (except catchwords) are printed in light roman type, all pronunciations in
boldface, and explanatory matter in italic (except the regional labels E, S, N, etc.). In the solid print of the Intro-
duction, italic has to be used for spelling forms (as in general usage); but there also, when spelling forms with
their pronunciations are set off by themselves, these follow the typography of the vocabulary.
Directions for Use xxix
Adding the omitted part to each fragment, we get 'lDft(3s), ('bft)ihaus, ('lDft)^haus as the
2d, 3d, and 4th variants.
Naomi 'neajmai, ne'omai, -mi, -ma
Adding the omitted parts in turn to the two fragments, we get ('ne3)mi, ('ne3)m3, (ne'o)mi,
(ne'o)m3, six variants in all.
Nazareth 'naezaraO, -riB, 'naezr-
Adding the omitted parts, we get, besides the first full pronunciation, ('naez3)ne, 'naezr(36),
'naezr(i6).
ONE ENTRY INCLUDING DIFFERENT WORDS
§63. When more than one spelling appears at the same entry with the same pronunciation,
these spellings are not necessarily of the same word or part of speech, especially in proper
names. Likewise a single entry may represent two or more words spelt and sounded alike. Thus
the word angle includes all the words — nouns, verbs, etc., with their different meanings but all
with the same pronunciation. When derivative or inflectional endings are added, they are
to be fitted only to the appropriate meanings or parts of speech, but this does not affect the
pronunciation, and usually need not concern the reader. Thus under angle the form angled
can be the adjective formed from the noun {unde-angled) or the past or past participle of the
verb {it angled off), and the form angling can be the adjective {an angling path), the participle
{h-e is angling with flies), or the noun {the angling was good). At the &ntiy instance the ending
-es may be that of the plural of the noun or the 3 sg of the verb. At intelligence the entry may
be noun or verb, the ending -es the plural or 3 sg, the ending -ed may be that of the past par-
ticiple or of the "apparent participle," the adjective formed from the noun. The entry slew
may be a noun, a verb in the present tense, or the past of the verb slay.
LABELS FOR PARTS OF SPEECH
§64. Only when it concerns the pronunciation are these labels added, or in a few cases where
there might be doubt whether the various uses of the word had the same pronunciation.
DEFINITIONS
§65. Instead of labels for parts of speech, frequently definitions are appended. These are
never full, and are used only to identify the word. Definitions are in quotation marks. Ex-
planatory identification that does not define is without quotation marks.
GEOGRAPHICAL AND LINGUISTIC LABELS
§66. Geographical labels are often appended to place names to indicate the location, or to
personal names to indicate residence or nationality. The Hnguistic abbreviations Fr, Sp, Ger,
etc., refer to the pronunciation; thus
Lodi US 'lodai; Italy Uodi (7^ 'b:dl)
means that the various Lodi's in the US are pronounced 'lodai; that Lodi in Italy is pro-
nounced in American EngHsh 'lodi; and that the ItaKan pronunciation is 'bidi.
When the linguistic labels It, Fr, etc., precede the first pronunciation, this means that
only the foreign pronunciation is given; as,
voyageur Fr vwaja'soerr
XXX Directions for Use
THE VERTICAL BAR AND THE ADDITION OF
INFLECTIONAL AND DERIVATIVE ENDINGS
§67. The following examples show the uses of the vertical bar: —
press pr£S [presses V^esiz [pressed prest
Here the bar, in its simplest use, is followed in each case by a new spelling form in roman t}-pi
with corresponding pronunciation in boldface.
finish 'finij [-es -iz |-ed -t
Here, after the first bar, follows a spelHng fragment (-es) with its corresponding pronunciatio
fragment (-iz). The simple rule for combining is. Add the spelling fragment (-es) to the fir;
spelling form (finish-es) and the pronunciation fragment (-iz) to the first pronunciation fon
('fmi/-iz); and so after the next bar (finish-ed 'fini/-t). Add to the head forms before the fir;
bar, and add roman to roman, boldface to boldface.
It is important to add each fragment (speUing to spelling, and pronunciation to pronuncic
tion) to the forms before the first bar. The sole exception to this is the adverb ending -hi
-bli when the first entry does not end in -hie -bl. In that case -hly -bb are fitted to the in
mediately preceding forms in -hie -bl. See -hly in the vocabulary'.
Hyphenated words are never thus divided after a bar, but are separately entered as hea
words, to avoid confusing the compounding hyphen with that which separates the fragments
§68. When the first word in a vocabulary entry is a monosyllable, no accent mark is use
(with the exception noted in §51), as set set. But when one or more syllables are added afte
the bar (|) thus, set set \-back -;baek \-ting -ig, then primary accent must be assumed on th
plurisyllables, and the entries must be read thus: set set \sethack 'set^baek \setting 'sEtig.
§69. There is no significance in the fact that sometimes full forms of the derivatives ar
given, as in the first example, and sometimes fragments, as in the second. The editors hav
not sought mere mechanical uniformity, owing to considerations of time, of space, and c
other disturbing factors. They have sought only to make each article clear in itself. The oc
casional full forms may help to make the abbreviated ones clearer.
§70. It should be noted that a pronunciation fragment need not correspond letter for lette
with its spelling fragment : —
inflate in'flet [-d -id
Here, adding spelling -d to spelling inflate gives infl.ated, and adding pronunciation -id t
pronunciation in'flet gives in'fletid. See next example also.
Often, for greater clearness, more than a minimum fragment of pronunciation is given : —
flatten 'flaetn |-ed -d |-ing 'flaetnig, -tnig
This is to show iha.t flattening is pronounced either 'flaet-n-ig (3 syls.) or 'flaet-nig (2 syls.'
Likewise the frequent adverb ending -ically is thus shown : —
symmetric si'metrik |-al -1 |-ally -Ii, -ikli
Here the last two pronunciations are si'metrik-l-i, si'mstrik-li, the last being made a littl
clearer by -ikli than by -h alone, though -Ii would be strictly correct.
Some added letters may be silent, as in bar bar \-red -d, where -re- are silent; or letters silen
in the first entry may represent sounds in the addition, as rogue rog \-ry -an, where the silen
e of rogue represents a in roguery 'rogari.
Directions for Use xxxi
§71. Observe cases like
abut a'bAt |-ted -id
where addition of -ted doubles the letter / (abutted) but not the sound t (a'bAtid); or like
total 'toti |-ed -d |-ly -i
where addition of -ly doubles the letter / (totally) but not the sound I ('totji).
Thus when the final letter of the spelling entry is the same as the first letter of the spelhng
fragment (total [-ly), it is to be doubled (i.e., the fragment is added regularly). So, too, when
the first pronunciation ends with the same sound that begins the pronunciation fragment,
this sound also is to be doubled; as,
foreign 'farm, 'far-, 'for-, -an |-ness -nis
This is to be expanded into 'farinnis, 'farinnis, 'forinnis, 'farannis, 'farannis, 'foranms, in
all cases with double n. Whenever space allows, such doubled sounds are shown by doubled
symbols; as,
thin 8in [thinned 6ind J-ness 'Oinnis
The few exceptions to this rule for doubling are such as to give no trouble. The most usual
one consists of words ending in -th; as,
truth true [-'s -6s |-ths -?fz, -Os
in which the expanded forms are obviously not truGOs and truGtJz or truGGs, but truGs and
trutSz or truGs, since the combinations GGs and G?iz do not occur in English.
CUTTING BACK
§72. There are, however, a great many words in which the fragments cannot be added di-
rectly to the head words: —
suspicion sa'spijan |-cious -Jas
Here, in order to make the proper junction of the spelling fragment, we must take in some
letter near the end of the head word to begin the fragment. This we call "cutting back." Thus
we cut off the spelling -don and replace it with -cious (suspi-cious) ; and likewise cut off from
the head pronunciation the corresponding sounds -Jan, and replace them with -/as (sa'spi-Jas).
Cutting back and direct addition are often used in the same word : —
prude prud |-dish -if
Since -isli cannot be added to pnide, we take in the d and add -dish (pru-dish) ; then, since to
add the pronunciation -dij to prud would wrongly give 'pruddij, we simply add -ij" directly
toprud('prudij). Similarly, in
negative 'negativ [-d -d [-vism -jizam
where -d and -d are added directly, -vism has to be cut back (negati-vism), and -jzam (not
-jvizam) is directly added to 'negativ ('negativjzam).
A "cutback" must always take in more than the final letter of the entry form, for other-
wise it would be taken as a direct addition with doubling of the final letter or sound (see the
exception above at truth, at the end of §71).
§73. In adding sufl&xes certain famiHar changes are made, as of -y to -i; as,
quarry 'kwari [-ied -d, i.e., quarried 'kwarid
or of/ to v; as in
housewife 'haus^waif |-ves -vz, i.e., housewives 'haus^waivz
where -ves and -vz are not directly added, but replace -fe and f .
xxxii Directions for Use
LISTING OF VERB FORMS
§74. When the past tense and the past participle of strong ("irregular") verbs are given,
the past regularly follows the first bar, and the past participle the second bar, usually without
labels : —
drive draiv |drove drov [driven 'drivan
sing sig |sang saeg or sung saq [sung SAg
When such verbs end in sibilants, the 3 sg pres precedes the past and pptc: — •
choose t/uz |-s -iz | chose tjbz | chosen 'tjbzn
If the past and pptc are alike, they are given but once: —
shine /am | shone /on
stand staend [stood stud
fight fait [fought f3t
§75. The bar, not followed by a spelling form, is sometimes used at the end of an article to
separate an added item from the immediately preceding one, and to imply its application to
the whole article : —
road rod [-ed -id; [iV£«.gJ+rb"d
THE MAIN REGIONAL DIVISIONS
§76. For indicating American regional pronunciations the well-known division into three
regions is followed, the East (E), the South (S), and, for want of a better term, the North
(N). Geographically the East includes New York City (NYC) and environs, and New England
east of the Connecticut River. The South includes Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, and parts of
Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Oklahoma. The North includes the rest of the US.
In the use of the terms E, S, N, certain modifications must be kept in mind. The speech of
the S differs markedly in the more northerly parts from that in the more southerly ones, and
(partly coinciding with this) in the more inland regions from that in the coastal ones. Certain
features labeled S are therefore not equally applicable to all of the S.
Owing to movements of population, and probably also to the schools, innumerable indi-
viduals and often considerable groups in the S speak a tj^pe virtuall}^ identical with that of
the N. The same is true in the E, especially NYC. In NEngd also, and in the southeastern
coastal regions, are certain "speech islands" having a similar type, perhaps preserved, by
isolation, from a time when it was more general. Allowance must also be made for mixed types
of speech in all the border areas between the main regions. The irregular use of the r sound is
especially noticeable in the border areas.
It is not the function of this dictionary to deal with these more irregular and exceptional
features, — to make a dialect map of the country. That work is being done by the L.A. Our
concern is only with the main types of cultivated American English — sometliing of a fiction,
if you will, as all "standard" speech is.
It should be noted that the pronunciations assigned to particular regions are regarded onl}' as
the ones prevailing there. It is unsafe to denj^ the existence of any pronunciation in any region.
Thus, when it is indicated that in the S the word glory is pronounced 'glori, while in the E and
N it is either 'glori or 'gbn, it is not meant that 'gbri does not exist in the S, but that ac-
Directions for Use xxxiti
cording to the evidence we have, 'gbn is not sufficiently frequent in the S to be recorded as a
characteristic S pronunciation. The same may be said of the £ sound in such words as air,
there, etc. Evidence does not show that the vowel £ in such words is widespread in the S.
The same principle is to be applied to all regional pronunciations.
§77. Linguistically the most generally observed characteristic of the three regions is the
treatment of the /■ sound, the E and the S being in the main alike in this respect in contrast
with the N. The S is separated from the E by a number of features, such as the character of the
au and ai diphthongs, the prevalence of "flat a" (ae) in certain groups of words, the "long e"
sound before r, the tendency to diphthongize many vowels, and many features of intonation
and tempo — none of them equally distributed over the S — features that enable the ordinary
observer to distinguish a Southerner from an Easterner, but not all of them conveniently or
profitably recorded in a work with the scope and purpose of this.
INDICATION OF REGIONAL PRONUNCIATIONS
§78. In the vocabulary, the Eastern (E) and Southern (S) pronunciations are separated
from the Northern (N) by semicolons. The pronunciations in entries that contain no regional
labels (E, ES, S, N, EN, etc.) are valid for all the US, as delicious di'hjas. When an entry
contains a regional label, the unlabeled pronunciations are valid everywhere in the US except
in the regions designated; thus
glory 'glori, 'gbn; S 'glori
means that the first two pronunciations are both valid everywhere except in the S; there only
'glori prevails; or, stated otherwise, 'glori and 'gbn are characteristic of the E and the N; only
'glori is so of the S.
perform pa^'fann; ES pa'faam
This means that in the US except the E and the S the pronunciation is pa^'farm; in the E and
the S it is pa 'f 33m.
aircraft 'er^kraeft, 'aer-; E 'ea-, '^ea-, -jkraft, -jkraft; S 'aea^kraeft
Combining regularly, for the N, besides 'Er^kraeft, we get 'aefjkrasft; for the E, 'sajkrieft,
'ae3|kraeft, 'eajkraft, 'aeajkraft, 'eajkraft, 'aea^kraft; for the S, 'aeajkraeft.
Very often two regions (usually E and S) have one or more variants in common. They are
then usually separated only by commas : —
scarce skers, skaers; E sk£3s, ES skaess
This means that in the N scarce is pronounced skers or skaers ; in the E it is pronounced skeas,
and in both E and S it is pronounced skaeas; or, stated otherwise, in the E it is pronounced
sktas or skaeas, while in the S only skaeas prevails. See also board, ear, premonitory (§80).
ACCENT AS A FACTOR IN COMBINING THE FORMS
§79. Only the forms that agree in accent are to be combined: —
Carew ka'ru, -'riu, 'keru, 'ke-, -riu, -ri
For the first accentuation, besides ka'ru we have (ka)'riu; for the second accentuation,
besides 'keru and 'ke(ru) we have ('k£)riu, ('ke)riu, ('kE)ri, ('ke)n.
empyreal Em'pinal, jEmpa'rial, -pai-
Here the first form cannot be combined with -pai- because this is not accented, as is the corre-
xxxiv Directions for Use
sponding -'pi-. Hence only the second form can combine with -pai-, thus: (i£in)pai('ri3l),
the unaccented -pai- replacing the unaccented -pa-.
bifurcate v 'barfa'jket, bai'fs^ket; ES 'barfa-, -'faket, -'fyket
Here the Eastern and Southern fragment 'baifa- can combine only with the omitted part
found in 'barfa^^ket, with the same accent, thus: 'baifaC/ket). The last two fragments must be
combined with the omitted part of bai'fyket, having the same accent, thus: (bai)'f3ket,
(bai)'fyket. (For regional pronunciations see §§76-78.)
discourse n 'diskors, di'skors, -3rs; ES -oas, E + -aas
Here the fragment -ars, which does not include the accent mark, will fit both of the first two
forms without disturbing their accents, thus: ('disk)3rs, (di'sk)3rs; and likewise the Eastern
and Southern fragments: ES ('disk)o9s, (di'sk)o3S, Eastern also ('disk)33s, (di'sk)D3s.
THE PLUS SIGN (+)
§80. The sign (+) is invariably to be read "also." It means that in addition to pronuncia-
tions already given, other designated pronunciations are to be heard from cultivated speakers.
This sign does not imply that these additional pronunciations have inferior standing, or neces-
sarily are less frequent, though we have not placed it before pronunciations known to be
markedly in the majority. The following examples indicate the use of the plus sign: —
hot hat ; ES + hot
This means that the word spelt hot is, in all regions of the US, pronounced hat; but that there
are also many cultivated speakers in the East and the South who usually pronounce it hot.
fast faest; E+ fast, fast
This means that the woxAfast in all parts of the US is pronounced faest; but that there are also
many cultivated speakers in the East who usually pronounce it fast or fast.
board bord, bard; ES hoad, E + baad
This means that hoard is pronounced bord or bard in the North, but in the East and the South
it is pronounced boad, and in the East, in addition to boad, it is also pronounced baad.
ear ir; ES ia(r, S+ £a(r
This means that ear is pronounced ir in the North, but in the East and the South it is pro-
nounced ia(r, and in the South, in addition to ia(r, it is also pronounced £a(r.
premonitory pri'mana^ton, -jtari; S -itori, ES + -'mnn-
Where, as here, the pronunciation after + is a fragment, it is to be taken as a pronunciation
additional to that of the corresponding parts of the preceding forms. In this example. Eastern
has, besides the pronunciations pri'manajtori and -itari, which it shares with the North, also
pri'monaitori and -jtari; while Southern has, besides pri'manaitori (but not -itari), also
pri'mnnajtori.
It is believed that any other uses of the sign +, if it is merely read "also," will be clear to
the reader as they occur. It should be noted that a pronunciation with + prefixed is never
the sole pronunciation of the word.
JOINING REGIONAL FRAGMENTS TO FIRST FORMS
§81. In fitting fragments to forms before the first bar, the regional fragments are to be
fitted to the corresponding regional forms before the first bar; as,
woodwork Vud,wyk; ES 'wud^wsk, -^wa^k; |-er -■at-; ES -a(r
Directions for Use xxxv
Expanding the fragments after the bar, we get
woodworker Vud^wyka^; ES Vud^wskair, 'wudjW3'k9(r
in which the unlabeled N fragment -9- is fitted to the first unlabeled (N) pronunciation, and
the ES fragment -3(r is fitted to the first two ES pronunciations.
For the meaning of (r see §82.
LINKING r— THE MEANING OF -3(r, -a:(r, -3(r
§82. When pronunciations are thus indicated, — fur £3(1, far fa:(r, bitter 'bit3(r, Iiere hi3(r,
there tJe3(r, tJaeaCr, war W33(r, more mo3(r, poor pu3(r, — this means that (in the E and S) r is not
sounded and these words are pronounced is, fa:, 'bita, hid, 'Sea, (Jaea, waa, moa, pua unless a
vowel sound follows, either in the same word (by addition of an ending, as furry 'fsri, bitterest
'bitanst) or in a word that follows without pause {the fur is wet tJa far iz wet, far away far a Ve,
bitter end 'bitar end). The effect of pause on linking r is seen in the following utterance of a dis-
tinguished American: over, and over, and over again 'ova, an 'ova, and 'ovar a 'gen.
When -a(r follows a vowel in the same syllable, as in here hia(r, there SaeaCr, more moa(r,
and a vowel sound is added, then r either replaces a {lierein hir'in, here it is hir it iz, therein
tJaer'in, tJiere it goes Saer it goz, moreover mor'ova, more ice mor ais, poorest 'purist, poor and
needy pur an 'nidi), or, less usually, the r is added to a (hiar'in, hiar it iz, moar'ova, 'puarist,
etc.). This alternative is to be understood in all similar cases.
In such words as adjure a'dsur, a'dsiur; ES -a(r, the -a(r is to be understood as replacing
the final r of the N pronunciation.
Some speakers, especially in the S, fail to pronounce linking r before an initial vowel of the
following word (wore ice moa ais, wlien the war ends hwen Sa waa endz). Omission of r before
a vowel within a word ('ve-i for 'veri) is regarded as substandard.
§83. In vocabulary entries, when pronunciation fragments are added, the use of (r must be
observed. The rule is simple : If the added fragment begins with a vowel sound, the r is sounded
in the E and S; if it begins with a consonant sound, the r is not heard in the E and S: —
labor 'leba^; ES 'leba(r; |-ed -d |-ing -brig, -barirj
Here ES 'leba(r means 'lebar or 'leba according as a vowel sound immediately follows or not.
When -ed -d is added, being a consonant sound (e silent), we are to understand ES 'lebad
beside N 'leba^d ; but when -ing -ig is added, with its vowel sound, then the r is sounded and
the ES and the N pronunciations are alike 'lebrirj or 'lebarig.
§84. For the pronunciation of the N in words like labor 'leba^, when a vowel sound is added
{laboring 'lebarig), then -ar replaces -a^, since there is no significant difference between 'leba^-ig
and 'leba-rig. When, as often, laboring is contracted, then vowel a^ becomes consonant r
('lebrig). Likewise in the entry /amer 'faeria^; ES 'faeri-a(r; \-y -i, the pronunciation of the
derivative farriery becomes 'faerian, which is also right for the E and S, because a vowel fol-
lows -a(r and therefore r is retained.
INTRUSIVE r
§85. Though not recorded in the vocabulary, intrusive r is appropriately described here.
Following the regular habits of his speech a cultivated Easterner or Southerner might normally
pronounce straighter and straighter 'stretar an 'streta, sounding final r before the vowel and
dropping it at the end. Following the same habits, he might pronounce strata on strata 'stretar
xxxvi Directions for Use
Dn 'streta, likewise sounding r before the vowel and not at the end. Both procedures are un-
conscious and phonetically natural.
When the final r is spelt (slraiglder) and pronounced before a vowel it is called Linking r;
when it is not spelt but is pronounced before a vowel, it is called Intrusive r. The frequency
of intrusive r among cultivated Easterners, Southerners, and British is no longer a matter of
doubt except to the uninformed. It is perhaps less frequent in the S than in the E. Words
ending in the sound -a ( Victoria, sofa, idea) are more apt to show it than are those ending in
other vowels. Its use is perhaps less consistent than that of linking r. The same educated
Southerner said tSis 'maeta iz 'difrant who said a 'greta San 'dsonar iz hia.
WORD ELEMENTS OMITTED FROM THE VOCABULARY
§86. To save space and relieve the reader from the distraction of needless information,
words having certain suffixes with regular pronunciation are often omitted from the vocabu-
lary; as those with -doi7t (heathendom), -Jwod (motherhood), -ish (darkish), -ment (announcement).
See §89.
§87. The -(e)s plural of regular nouns, the third person singular present indicative of verbs,
and the possessive case ending of nouns are regularly omitted from the vocabulary, except for
words ending in a sibilant sound (s, z,/, 3, t/, ds), where they are regularly given. If the plural
and the possessive sound alike, only one is given. If they differ, both are given (see house).
The possessive plural of regular nouns, formed by adding the apostrophe (') but no sound, is
omitted.
Certain nouns ending in a s or z sound closely preceded by a s or z sound vary in current
usage in forming the possessive. Unfortunately some printing shops follow their own rules in
this, and do not always agree with others or with general usage. Current literary usage in this
is set forth in Webster's New International Dictionary, Second Edition, at the word possessive,
and the present work follows this, with a very few exceptions where usage is divided.
The following rules, fully illustrated, will enable the reader to form the regular plural of
nouns, the possessive case, and the third singular of verbs, in all cases where these are not
recorded in the vocabulary.
§88. Pronunciation of the Plural and Possessive Singular of Nouns
and the Third Singular Present of Verbs
Rule I. Add the sound s when the stem of the noun or verb ends in any of the voiceless conso-
nant sounds p, t, k, f, 6. Examples follow:
1. Plural of nouns.
caps kaep-s, gates get-s, oaks ok-s, clijfs klif-s, growths gro6-s. Words like leaf lif —
leaves livz, oath 06 — oaths oSz will be found in the vocabulary.
2. Possessives in -'s follow the same rule.
Philip's 'filap-s, Kate's ket-s, Isaac's 'aizak-s, Joseph's 'dsozaf-s, Edith's 'idi0-s.
3. Third singular present indicatives follow tlie same rule.
keeps kip-s, gets get-s, looks luk-s, chafes tfei-s, froths fraO-s.
Rule II. Add the sound z when the stem of the noun or verb ends in any of the voiced conso-
nant sounds b, d, g, v, tJ, m, n, 0, 1, or in any vowel sound (all vowel sounds are voiced) :
Directions for Use xxxvii
1 . Plural of nouns.
robes rob-z, beds btd-z, rogues rog-z, stoves stov-z, lathes leS-z, rims rim-z, bones
bon-z, things Oig-z, balls bal-z; (vowels) seas si-z, citi-es 'siti-z, days de-z, mas ma-z,
laws b-z, hoes ho-z, values Vaelju-z, s fives Su-z, furs fy-z, fs-z, bars bar-z (§26), ba:-z,
papers 'pepa'-z, sofas 'sofa-z, ties tai-z, cows kau-z, /oy-5 t3i-z, C2fe-5 kju-z, kiu-z.
2. Possessives in -'s follow the same rule.
Rob's rab-z, Adelaide's 'aedljed-z, Meg's meg-z, Olive's ^aliv-z, Blythe's blaitS-z, Tom's
tam-z, John's dsan-z, Harding's 'hardig-z. Will's wil-z; (vowels) Lee's li-z, Betty's
^b£ti-z, Ray's re-z, ma's ma-z, Esau's 'isD-z, Joe's d3o-z, Andrew's 'aendru-z. Burr's
by-z, b3-z, Wilbur's 'wilba'-z, Sarah's 'sera-z, Nye's nai-z, Howe's hau-z, Roy's rai-z,
Hugh's hju-z, biu-z.
3. Third singular present indicatives follow the same rule.
rubs rAb-z, hides haid-z, lags laeg-z, saves sev-z, breathes briS-z, comes kAm-z, runs
rAn-z, sings siij-z, feels fil-z; (vowels) sees si-z, piti-es 'piti-z, stays ste-z, thaws 63-z,
go-es go-z, woo-es wu-z, stirs sty-z, sts-z, scatters 'skaeta^-z, subpoenas sa'pina-z, tri-es
trai-z, allows a'lau-z, employs im'pbi-Zj hews hju-z, hiu-z.
(Rules I & II also apply to the pronunciation of -'s, the unstressed form of is, has.)
Rule III. Plurals, possessives in -'s, and third singulars of words ending in the remaining sounds,
— the sibilants s, /, t/, z, 3, ds, — are regularly given in the vocabulary. These add the
syllable -iz or -az (for variation in the vowel, see -ed in the vocabulary) : faces 'fes-iz,
Nash's ^naef-iz, catch-es 'kaet/-iz, noses 'noz-iz, rouges 'rus-iz, George's 'dsards-iz.
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES TREATED IN THE VOCABULARY
§89. Following is a list of word elements, chiefly initial or final, many of which have variant
pronunciations. These elements are treated in the vocabulary in alphabetical order.
Where they are not found attached to head words in the vocabulary (as pridefiil, cf pride),
the reader can add them with their pronunciations. If they are found in the vocabulary with
their head words, variant pronunciations not listed at the full word can be found by con-
sulting the separate element in the vocabulary, as, e.g., at goodness (see -ness) or at mate
(see -ed).
-able -edly -hood
-age -edness i-, -i-
-ally see -ically em- see en- -ia
-ana en- -ial see -ia
-ate -er -ian see -ia
-ative -es -ible see -able
be- -ese -ically
-bly -ess -ie see -y
-d see -ed -est ' -iel see -ia
de- -et -ien see -ia
-dom ex- il- see in-
e- -ey see -y im- see in-
-ed -ful ' in-
xxxviii
Variants
-ing
-ment
-ship
-io, -ion, -ious see -ia
-ness
-sia
-ish
-or
-sion
-ism .
-ous
-some
-ity
-ow
sub-
-ius see -ia
pre-
-tia
-ive
pro-
-tion
-less
re-
un-
-like
-ry
up-
-ly
-s see -
■es
wh-
-man
se-
-y
VARIANTS
§90. Certain classes of variant pronunciations found in cultivated American speech are de-
scribed here in order to avoid excessive complication of the vocabulary entries. These variants
are only those in wide use by cultivated speakers, and do not include those confined to local
dialect or substandard speech.
MEDIAL UNACCENTED -i-
§91. Medial unaccented short i i not followed b}^ a vowel may become -a- in nearly all words
{editor 'edita', 'tdota^). When final i becomes medial by the addition of a suffix, this change
from I to 3 must often be assumed, as in fragmentary 'fraegm3njteri \-ly -li = 'fraegman^terili
or -jtErali. See also i-, -i- in the vocabulan,'.
UNACCENTED i BEFORE ANOTHER VOWEL
§92. When the vowel sound i (variously spelt) is immediately followed by another vowel
sound {radiate, oceanic, Ephraim, periodic, radio, medium, immediate), the i sound tends toward
i, and thus might properly be shown as in VedijCt, jo/i'aenik, 'if riam, jpiri'adik, 'redijO, 'midiam,
I'midiit. But this w'ould greatly complicate the vocabulary, especially when derivatives vary
from the head word, as in study 'stAdi \-ing 'stAdiig, and even so would not fully show the
extent of the variation of the i. This variation is therefore not shown in the vocabulary. In
reading a transcription like I'midiit the variation w'ill be made automatically.
THE 3 SOUND {WAR, HORSE, ALL)
§93. In most of America o appears to be rather unstable. In most positions except before r
final or r plus a consonant {icar, horse), o varies with many speakers to o or a. A similar varia-
tion is reported from Canada. In words in which the sound occurs before 1 plus a consonant
{walnut, Waldo, salt), which in Brit have either o or d, the variants a and d are verj- common
in America.
In New England o is an extremely common substitute for a, man}^ speakers having onh"
one phoneme (usually of d quality) in such words as cot and caught or collar and caller. In spite
of these widespread variants, our collections appear to justify the somewhat regular recording
of the standard historical 3 souna in the appropriate words.
Variants xxxix
8 FOR se IN CARRY, CHARITY
§94. In words like carry 'kaeri, marry 'maen, charity 'tjaerati, comparison kam'paerasn,
having historical "short a" (as) before r plus a vowel, a widespread pronunciation with e
('ken, 'men, 'tjErati, kam'perasn) is heard in the North and Canada, especially from the
younger generations. Many of these speakers pronounce marry, merry, and Mary all alike
— 'men. This variant appears to be rare in the South, and for New England the L.A. shows
only a very small percentage with £.
DREARY, WEARY, YEAR
§95. In words like dreary, weary, formerly having the vowel sound i before the r, while the
general tendency is to lower the i to i, some speakers use the higher i, and many use an inter-
mediate vowel somewhat nearer to i than is the i of bit. When the r is final or followed by a
consonant (year, beard), the i sound is less apt to occur.
EASTERN AND SOUTHERN 39(r
§96. In words like form farm; ES faam, both pronunciations faam and f3:m are used in the
East and the South. In the vocabulary only 33 is given. This is done, however, with the im-
plication that in such words the vowel varies between 33 and o:, so that for speakers who do
not usually pronounce 33 in such words the symbol 33 must be taken also to suggest 3:.
In longer words 33 is more likely to be reduced to 3, especially if unaccented. This reduction
is shown in such a word as formality far'maelati; ES f3'mael3ti. No sharp line can be drawn.
The same speaker may say f33m in one breath and f3:m or fsm in the next, according to style
of speech.
EASTERN AND SOUTHERN a9(r
§97. In words like farm fann; ES fa:m, or far far; ES fa:(r, an 3 ghde is less commonly heard
after the a (fasm, fa3(r) than after 3 in words like form (ham). With some speakers in the East
and South, however, this is consciously present, so that there is a definite distinction between
father 'fa'S3(r and farther 'fa3'83(r, even when the words are of equal length. As with 33(r, the
pronunciation a3(r is commoner in the shorter words than in longer ones. Thus a speaker may
say lasds for large, but 'la:d33(r for larger. This glide 3 after a being much less frequent than
after o, it is not shown in the vocabulary.
WORDS LIKE BOARD
§98. Besides the two types bord and b3rd, regularly shown in the vocabulary, a pronuncia-
tion of board is heard from some speakers, especially in the North, with a vowel sound about
midway between o and 3 (phonetic symbol Q, a lowered o or a raised 3). Such speakers also
pronounce the same vowel Q in words like horse, forvi (pronounced by others h3rs, f3rni), so
that in their speech hoarse is Uke horse, boarder is like border, etc. Thus these speakers pro-
nounce all such words uniformly with q, while other speakers that do not distinguish hoarse
from horse, etc., pronounce them uniformly with 3.^
* See Kenyon, American Pronunciation, 8th ed. §§366-372.
xl Variants
EASTERN AND SOUTHERN VOWEL IN BIRD
§99. In words like bird, further the first pronunciation for Eastern and Southern is bsd,
'f3'3a(r. In both the E and the S, however, a very large number of speakers pronounce y in-
stead of 3, saying byd, 'fySaCr (not 'fsSa nor 'fySa-), with r-coloring in the accented vowel. It
is to be noted that this pronunciation is heard from those who otherwise "drop their r's,"
and it is confined to the stressed vowel. In this type of pronunciation the 9 in JurtJier remains
3 as with those who say 'f s'Sa. Thus such speakers would pronounce The furtlier part is better
tia 'fySa pa:t iz 'beta.
This fact has long been known for Southern speech, but it has also recently been demon-
strated for New England by the workers on the L.A., and the same combination of 3^ with
otherwise "r-less" pronunciation is heard in New York City. These facts have been fully veri-
fied by the present editors. Hence, in the vocabulary such words as fiirtliennore are regularly
represented for ES as 'f33^Jmo^^r, 'fySajinoaCr.
31 FOR THE VOWEL IN BIRD
§100. With many speakers in various parts of the South, and in New York City, a former
r sound after 3, except when final (fur) or followed only by an inflectional ending (furs), is
changed into something like i, so that a word like bird is pronounced b3id.^
Whether the NYC 3i in bird (popularly but wrongly represented as boid) is historicall}''
connected with the Southern sound is unknown. But the NYC sound, commonly regarded
as local dialect, is used by many educated speakers there, who recognize the sound in their
own speech; and in the South it is also used by people of unquestioned cultivation.
EASTERN VARIATION BETWEEN a AND a
§101. In the East, especially New England, the sound a when spelt with a (father, bar, calm)
varies with many speakers toward the sound a. A similar sound, but less prevalent, has been
reported from near WilHamsburg, Va. Since this variant is highly characteristic of New
England, it is usually recorded, either in the vocabulary or in a page heading over the ap-
propriate words. But it is not invariably recorded with less common words, and is then to be
assumed as a possible variant.
EASTERN VARIATION BETWEEN ae, a, AND a
IN WORDS LIKE ASK
§102. In the class of words spelt with a that is followed by a voiceless fricative s, f, or 6
(ask, chaff, bath) or by a nasal plus a consonant (example, demand), in which British usu-
ally has a. Eastern pronunciation (less commonly Eastern Virginian, see next section) varies
between ae, a, and a. The findings of the L.A. and the present editors' collections clearly in-
dicate that, with a few exceptions (cf lialf, calf, laugh, aunt), the sound ae in these words in
New England and New York City is at least as frequent as a, and usually more frequent than
a. In the vocabulary this variation is regularly shown by use of the plus sign, meaning "also,"
as at the word/a^/ faest; E + fast, fast. For other uses of the plus sign see §80.
5 See Kemp Malone, Studies for William A. Read, University, La., 19-10, p. 137. The same fact has also been ob-
served by others.
Variants xli
WORDS LIKE ASK IN EASTERN VIRGINIA
§103. The words referred to in the preceding section (ask, last, craft, path, chance, etc.),
in the vicinity of Richmond and Williamsburg, Va., are often pronounced with a, less fre-
quently with a. This pronunciation appears to be somewhat less common now than formerly.
The historical and cultural im.portance of this region precludes regarding this merely as a
locahsm. Yet to list this pronunciation of those words as a regular variant for Southern pro-
nunciation as a whole would give a disproportionate impression, as weU as complicate the
vocabulary entries. It is therefore to be understood at those entries of such words containing
the item "E + -a-, -a-" that in eastern Virginia such words are also sometimes pronounced
with a, less often with a.
» FOR a IN FATHER
§104. In parts of the South the a sound as in father 'fatJaCr is retracted or raised in the di-
rection of 3 (all) without wholly reaching o, but resembling the intermediate d (§12). The
same variant is becoming common in New York City. As a result, we sometimes find the roles
of a and o apparently reversed, a being pronounced d and o being pronounced a. Thus a native
of NYC pronounced margm 'mD:d3in and Arthur 'd:63, while in the same breath he pronounced
Conning Tower 'kanig^taua.
VARIANTS OF THE DIPHTHONG au
§105. For the vowel sound in out, ground, one symbol au is used in the vocabulary. This is
an inclusive symbol, here serving for all varieties of this diphthong in cultivated American
speech. Outside of the South the principal varieties are au and au. In au the first element often
varies slightly toward 3. au and au are so nearly alike that most hearers do not notice the
difference. These two show no important geographical distribution, and often vary from
speaker to speaker. A common variant, very general, is a for au before r {our aur, ar).
§106. In the South are several varieties. These never distinguish words otherwise alike,
but there are geographical and sometimes social distinctions. The most striking of these are
found in Virginia and bordering North CaroHna. In Virginia, mainly east of the Blue Ridge,
a diphthong approximately su (often written au but with stressed first element) is used before
voiceless consonants {out sut, house hsus), whUe aeu is used before voiced sounds and finally
{ground graeund, houses 'haeuziz, cow kaeu). 3U varies somewhat, especially to au or ou.
aeu varies to au or au. Besides, the influence of analogy often breaks down the distinction
before voiceless and voiced sounds, giving, e.g., house hsus — houses 'hauziz, or haeus — 'haeuziz.
In the western and southwestern parts of Virginia the tendency is to use aeu in all positions,
with variation to au or au.®
Perhaps owing in part to the influence of eastern Virginia, similar varieties are occasionally
found in other parts of the South, but appear not to prevail there. The commonest varieties
for the South as a whole are aeu and au, with intermediate shades. The form aeu often be-
comes aea {down daeun, daean).
» E. F. Shewraake, "Laws of Pronunciation in Eastern Virginia," Mod. Lang. Notes, xi, 8 (Dec. 1925), pp.
489-492. See also American Speech, xvni, 1 (Feb. 1943), pp. 33-38.
Guy S. Lowmaa, "The Treatment of au in Virginia," Proc. oj the Second International Congress of Phonetic Sci-
ences, Cambridge, 1936, pp, 122-12S.
Argus Tresldder, "Notes on Virginia Speech," American Speech, xvi, 2 (April 1941), pp, Ua^lie,
Unpublished laaterialin the i.^. was also consulted.
xiii Variants
In parts of Canada (Ontario, Nova Scotia, and probably elsewhere) a distinction is found
similar to that of eastern Virginia, the singular of house being haus or hous and the plural
^hauziz or 'hauziz.
VARIANTS OF THE DIPHTHONG ai
§107. As with au, so only one symbol ai is used in the vocabulary for the "long i" soimd
{white hwait, rise raiz). Outside of the South the principal varieties are ai (with a often varying
sHghtly toward 3) and ai. The comments on the relation of au to au apply to that of ai to ai.
§108. In the South the varieties partly behave like those of au. In Virginia east of the Blue
Ridge many speakers use a sound approximately ai (varying toward 31) before voiceless con-
sonants {white hwAit, wife wAif) but ai before voiced consonants and finally {rise raiz, wives
waivz, high hai). In some other parts of the South (as in the Carohnas) a similar distinction
is found.
Another distinction, found, e.g., in Virginia and the Carolinas and probably elsewhere,
is the use of ai or ai before voiceless consonants {wife waif, WAif), but simple a or a: before
voiced and finally {wives wavz, wa:vz, why hwa, hwa:, mighty tired 'mAiti ta:d). The simple a,
less frequently a, for ai is fairly common in many parts of the South (Virginia, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Texas, etc.). As with au, analogy (as wife — wives) tends to break down the
distinction WAif — waivz or waif — wavz, yielding such pairs as waif — waivz or waf — wavzJ
For the South as a whole ai may safely be taken as the prevailing sound.
As with au, so with ai a distinction similar to that in Virginia between wife WAif and wives
waivz is also found in Ontario and eastern Canada, probably reflecting a situation foimd
in several Scottish dialects.
VARIATION BETWEEN ju, lu, AND u
§109. In words containing "long i^" there is variation between the sounds ju, lu, and u too
complicated to be fully described here.* Some misunderstanding has existed as to the prev-
alence of the diphthong lu in cultivated American English. Apparently many suppose that
words like duty, 7iew have but two pronunciations — either djuti or duti, nju or nu; or that
words like accuse have but one — a'kjiiz. Grandgent, however, long ago demonstrated the
frequency of lu in America' in collections that showed lu in 35 to 60 per cent of the speakers
tested, according to the class of words used. Other American observers have confirmed his
findings. Grandgent also accurately described the diphthong as i with tongue drawn back
somewhat (symbol i) followed by u with tongue pushed forward (symbol a), and either having
more stress on i than on a or having about equal stress on both elements, and with the a
usually longer than the i.
The same speaker often varies between lu and ju, for lu easily shades into ju as the i re-
ceives less stress and thus becomes more like consonantal j. It was thus that modern ju de-
veloped from Early Modern lu in all words that now have ju, and many .Ajnericans have re-
tained the older lu (except initially) along with other features of Early Modern English.
^ See Shewmake and Tresidder, as cited above, footnote 6.
8 See Kenyon, American Pronunciation, 8th ed., §§341-350.
9 Mod. Lana. Notes, vi, 8 (1891), pp. 466-467,
Variants xliii
In one variant of this diphthong the first element has the tongue drawn back as far as to the
position for an advanced u (h), so that the diphthong merges into a monophthongal a. Both
lu and this u are used by many Americans to distinguish words from similar words that have
u; as brewed bnud, br«d, distinct from brood brud, or lute hut, l«t, distinct from loot lut.
Present knowledge of the distribution and prevalence of ju, lu, and u in the words con-
cerned does not always permit of an accurate order of frequency in the vocabulary. Such
order as has been verified is there shown. For example, it appears certain that words like
assume are prevailingly pronounced with u. But in the main all that is attempted is to give
the three (or two) current sounds (duty 'djuti, 'diuti, 'duti; blue blu, bliu; accuse a'kjuz, a'kiuz)
without insistence on order of frequency, all the pronunciations being in cultivated Ameri-
can use.
In the vocabulary the symbol lu is always to be taken to mean m. See §§40, 41.
UNACCENTED U IN WORDS LIKE CALCULATE,
CONGRATULATE, EDUCATE,
NATURE, VERDURE
§110. In familiar speech unaccented ti as in calctdate is most commonly -ja- ('kaelkjajet)
unless another vowel follows {evacuate iVaekjujet). It often varies between -ja- and -ju- ac-
cording to style of speech.
In colloquial pronunciation of words like congratulate, educate, unaccented -tu- and -du-
most commonly are -t/a- (kan'graetjajet, -'graet/u-) and -dsa- ('edsajket, 'edsu-), unless a
vowel follows {eventuate I'vEntJu^et, graduate 'graedsu^et). In dissyllables the unaccented
ending -ture is usually -tj*, ES -tj3(r, in common words {nature 'netja'; ES 'netJaCr), and -dure
is usually -A'^^, ES -d33(r {verdure 'vydsa^, -d5ur; ES -dsaCr, -d3U3(r). See Webster^ s New
International Dictionary, Second Edition, Guide to Pronunciation, §249, seventh paragraph.
In words of three or more syllables not accented on the penult the unaccented ending -ture is
commonly -tJV or -t/ur according to style or to familiarity of the word {miniature 'minitja^,
'nuniatja^, 'miniajt/ur). If -ture has a light accent then it is -jt/ur {literature 'litara^t/ur).
Initial unaccented "long w" is ju- or ju- according to style {unite ju'nait, ju'nait).
SOUTHERN I FOR £ BEFORE NASAL SOUNDS
§111. In parts of the South the sound of e before m, n, or g {stem, men, length) is replaced by,
or tends in the direction of, i (stim, mm, bokO). This pronunciation is not equally distributed
over the South and apparently is not equally acceptable in all types of Southern speech. Its
omission from the vocabulary is not intended to imply disapproval of it.
VARIATION BETWEEN n AND g BEFORE k OR g
§112. When the letter n ends the syllable before a k or a g sound, it usually represents the
sound g if the next syllable is final and wholly unaccented, as in congress 'kaggras. Concord
'kagka^d (compare the pronunciation 'kankard, where the final syllable has an unmarked
subordinate accent). In other situations there is much wavering between n and g that has no
bearing on acceptability and is therefore often not shown in the vocabulary.
For the substitution of n for g in -ing words, see -ing in the vocabulary.
xliv Variants
THE SOUNDS OF WH
§113. In words spelt with wh (whale hwel, when hw£n, wheel hwil, etc.) many speakers omit
the h element and pronounce plain w, thus making homophones of whale, wail wel; when, wen
wen; wheel, weal wil; etc. This is clearly not the prevaihng pronunciation for America as a
whole, but it appears to be somewhat on the increase, perhaps owing to the influence of South-
ern British speech. In the vocabulary only hw is given for such words. See also wh- in the
vocabulary.
SYLLABIC 1, n, m, VARYING WITH al, an, am
§114. In a great many words there is frequent variation between a syllabic consonant and
3 plus a nonsyllabic consonant. In the vocabulary, as a rule, only the one deemed to be col-
loquially most usual is given. Examples of such variation are: apple 'aepl, 'aepal; happen
'haepan, 'haepn, 'haepm (when -pm results from assimilation of -pn, -pam never occurs) ; trouble
'trAbl, 'trAbal; buckle 'bAkl, 'bAkal; struggle 'strAgl, 'strAgal; castle \sesl,^kses3\; drizzle Mnzl,
'drizal; prism 'prizam, 'prizm (see -ism in the vocabulary) ; wa.?ow 'mesn, 'mesan; prison 'pnzn,
'prizan ; bacon 'bekan, 'bekn, 'bekg (see §24, 3d par.) ; wagon 'waegan, 'waegn, 'waegg ; monopoly
ma'nap!i,ma'napab;o6e/w^ 'abl^isk, 'aba^hsk (for the accent see §52); assassinate a'sjesn^etf
a'saesajnet.
But in many words, while it is phonetically possible to pronounce either form, one of the
forms is decidedly prevalent and the other either rare or un-Enghsh. Thus cotton 'katn, hidden
'bidn, little 'litl, cradle 'kredl, and such words as didn't 'didnt, oughtn't btnt, couldn't 'kudnt,
wouldn't 'wudnt in standard speech are not pronounced 'katan, 'hidan, 'lital, 'kredal, 'didant,
btant, 'kudant, 'wudant. An alternative pronunciation with -al, -an, -am is much less usual
when the syllabic consonant is final and follows a consonant made with the same position of
the tongue point or of the lips (-tn, -dn, -tl, -dj, -nl). Syllabic m is less frequent and is heard
chiefly after the homorganic p (open 'opm, keep 'evi 'kipm) or b (album 'aelbm, rob 'em 'rabm).
m is not syllabic after t (bottom 'batam) or d (Adam 'aedam), though the a may be verj- quick.
Nasals are not syllabic after nasals (common 'kaman, venom Venam, cannon 'kaenan, minimum
'minamam) or after 1 (stolen 'stolan or stoln with nonsyllabic n, column 'kalam). n is not usually
syllabic after nd (London 'Undan), but is often so after nt (mountahi 'mauntn). Consonants
are not syllabic after vowels.
In medial position alternation is frequent even after homorganic consonants (fatally 'fetli,
'fetali; Adelaide 'aedljcd, 'aedaled; scrutiny 'skrutni, 'skrutani; ordinal 'ardnal, brdanal).
In some cases the difference distinguishes words otherwise aUke. Thus in Eastern and
Southern, 'saetn means "satin," while 'saetan means "Saturn"; 'bitn means "bitten," while
'bitan means "bittern"; 'paetn means "paten" or "patten," while 'p^etan means "pattern";
'faamli means "formally," while 'faamali means "formerly."
ADDITION OR OMISSION OF CONSONANTS
§115. Certain consonant sounds are inserted or omitted very generally in American EngUsh
which are not regularly shown as variants in the vocabulary. Thus a t sound is often inserted
between n and the s sound (sense sens, sents, like cents sents), between n and J (mansion
Waenjan, 'maent-Jan, intention in'tenjan, in 'tent -/an, cf luncheon 'Untjan), between n and d
Spelling Pronunciation ' xlv
{ninth nainO, naintO, tenth tend, tentG), between 1 and 6 {health helG, heltO), between 1 and s
{false fals, folts, Vikt faults), between I and/ {Welsh weIJ, welt/, cf Welch); and a p sound be-
tween m and f {comfort 'kAmfa^t, 'kAmpfa^t, camphor 'kaemfa', 'kaempfa^, cf campfire).
Omissions : d is often omitted between n and z {lends lendz, lenz, like lens) or between 1 and z
{fields flldz, filz, hke feels). The first element of tj is often omitted after n {bench bent J, benj,
luncheon 'lAntJan, 'Un/an) or after 1 {filch filtj, filj, cf Walsh, Welsh), and the first element of ds
is often omitted after n {revenge riVends, nVens), less frequently after 1 {bulge bAlds, bAls).
LENGTHENED s REPLACING sts
§116. When the ending s is added to words in -st {nests, beasts, rests) the t sound is very
often omitted, and the two s sounds combine into one long s (symbol s:). Thus nests, beasts,
rests are often pronounced nes:, bis:, res:.
PROPER NAMES
§117. For personal and place names the variant pronunciations given in the vocabulary
often refer to different persons or places. Whenever the information was available, the vari-
ants have been referred to particular persons or places, but to do so in all cases is beyond the
scope of this work.
CANADIAN VARIANTS
§118. In its most noticeable feature — the treatment of the r sound — most Canadian speech
resembles the speech of the North in the US. The Midwesterner who visits Ontario or southern
Quebec feels at home in the matter of speech. Direct British influence is, however, noticeable
in details of both pronunciation and vocabulary. The pronunciations 'aitSa^ and 'nai'Sa' are
\ rather more frequent than in the East in the US. For rather and can't 'ratJa^ and kant are often
heard. For dictionary (and similar words) 'dikjanri is heard beside 'dikjaiijeri. For laboratory
la'baratri is heard beside 'laebrajtori. For terrible 'teribl is heard beside 'terabl. sa'dsest for
suggest, and 'friedsail for fragile, are frequent. Scottish influence is apparent in Canada, es-
pecially in the use of the intermediate a for ae in "flat a" words {hat, man, etc.), in Nova Scotia
and Alberta, and probably elsewhere. For the au diphthong, ou (§106) and u are heard, prob-
ably also reflecting Scottish influence.
JUNCTIONAL, OR SANDHI, FORMS
§119. Pronunciations resulting from the effect of an initial sound of a following word {did
you 'didsu, goes shopping gos Ifapirj, sand pile 'saen^pail), or of a final sound of a preceding
word {bag and baggage 'baegtj'baegids, good enough jgudn'Af), are only occasionally recorded in
the vocabulary.
SPELLING PRONUNCIATION
§120. The term SpeUing Pronunciation is used to designate a pronunciation which replaces
that handed on by word of mouth in the spoken language and conforms in some respect more
closely to the spelKng, which is in some degree unphonetic — fails to correspond with the estab-
Ushed pronunciation. Such pronunciations originate, as the Oxford Dictioftary puts it, by taking
a "shot" at the word from the spelling. Every such pronunciation is at first an error (departs
xlvi Dissimilation — Anglicizing
from established usage); but innumerable pronunciations of this origin have come to be so
general that they are now in unquestioned good standing. For examples see Bentham, Wal-
tham, Horsham; and for fuller treatment see Kenyon, Ajnerican Fronunciatiott, 8th ed.,
§§142-150.
DISSIMILATION
§121. A phonetic tendency known as Dissimilation is seen in English words in which an r
sound in one syllable is lost if there is another r sound in the word. Thus in those regions where
r is usually sounded in all positions the commonest colloquial pronunciation of surprise is
sa'praiz. Here the presence of the second r has led to the loss of the first (that is, in this case,
the change of a' to a by loss of its r-coloring) . This tendency was pointed out for American
English by Hempl {Dialect Notes, I, vi, 1893). Sometimes instead of being lost the r is changed
to 1, as it was in Salisbury (formerly Sarisherie, cf Saritm), or in Salop Shropshire,' from SIop-
pesberie, earher Shrobbesberie 'Shrewsbury.'
Another example of r loss is 'gAvana*, the prevaiHng pronunciation of governor in the North.
That this is due to the other ;- sound and not to slovenly pronunciation is sho\Mi by the fact
that the same speakers who say 'gAvana^ do not omit the r sound in governess, goverti, governing,
governance, government, which have no second r.
i?-dissimilation does not often occur in regions where r is pronounced only before a vowel,
though it might occur there in such a word as preparatory if pronounced pa'pferajtori, and it
may have operated in some words before a second r was dropped by the regular loss of r in the
'r-less' regions. The loss of the first r in ES governor 'gAvanaCr is not due to r-dissimilation, for
similar loss is regular in ES governess 'gAvanis, govern 'gAvan, which have no other r; and sur-
prise in ES is sa'praiz for the same reason that survive in ES is sa'vaiv.
. Other examples of dissimilation are: Bourchier (cf Bouclwr), Canterbury, cafercornered,
caterpillar, elderberry, February, Marylebone, northerner, southerner, Northrup, Otterburn,
paraphernalia, particular (the schoolmastered pronunciation par'tikjala^ is perhaps a reaction
against this), Fendergast, reservoir, reverbatory, St. Bernard, thermometer, Watcrbury.
The pronunciations sa'praiz and 'gAvana' are "correct" forms, not because they are phoneti-
cally normal, but solely because they are in wide use b}' cultivated speakers. The same dis-
similation is also seen in some pronunciations not so prevalent as to be generally acceptable;
as Arthur, corner, interpret, perform, performance, proportion, secretary, Shrc-wsbury, Sicarth-
more.
ANGLICIZING
§122. A pronouncing dictionary of English must deal with the pronunciation of foreign
words that have become more or less a part of the English language. With wlioU}' foreign
words it has, strictl)^ speaking, nothing to do. However, a few foreign words or phrases and
some foreign names have been entered which are somewhat in use in America but which have
as yet no settled English pronunciation. These are given with their foreign pronunciation
only, and are so labeled.
For the much larger body of foreign words that have become more or less Anglicized in use,
meaning, and pronunciation, the editors follow the same guide as for fully English words —
Anglicizing xlvii
they try to ascertain and report cultivated usage. But it is just this area of the language in
which usage is most unsettled and uncertain, and where dictionary editors must bring to bear
certain linguistic principles to supplement the uncertain evidence of usage. Some of these
principles and considerations are : — ■
(1) The EngUsh language has shown great vigor and stabiUty in assimilation of foreign
material — in making it native. Until comparatively recent times foreign words fully adopted
into EngUsh use have been adjusted to EngUsh laws of sound and accent. In Great Britain
especially this is still usual. By radio one often hears foreign words pronounced in the English
way by the best-educated leaders of that country; as, for example, the pronunciation 'n£ezi for
Nazi. Whether or not this ever becomes a settled pronunciation, it shows the tendency; and
many similar cases could be cited, which are in keeping with English tradition, and are by no
means blunders."
(2) The question often arises, Why not pronounce foreign words, especially names, with
their foreign sounds? The answer, too Uttle understood, is simple: except for the fractional
percentage who speak the foreign language like a native, it is impossible, as the history of
sound changes in past borrowings clearly shows. Very few English sounds are exactly like the
foreign ones or those spelt with corresponding letters. This is deceptive to those not expert
in foreign language. Examples abound. Many apparently suppose, for example, that they are
pronouncing Monticello as Italian when they call it jmanti'tjelo. In fact, they are giving ap-
proximately the Italian sound to three out of the ten sounds (m, tj, e), and omitting one. An
attempt, sometimes heard, to pronounce envelope in the French way by saying 'anvajop re-
sults in giving approximately the French sound to the v and the p. The 1 and all the vowels
are quite different, and the n is not in the French word. The pronunciation of the fully Ameri-
canized name Valparaiso as jvalpa'raizo is not a very successful attempt at the Spanish
jbalpara'iso. The American ga'ras has two consonants of the French gaVa:5 (g, 3, the r's
being different) and one of its vowels — in the wrong syllable. The underlying fact is, that the
speaker not fully conversant with a foreign language in attempting to imitate the foreign
pronunciation substitutes his own nearest sounds for the foreign sounds, with a result unac-
ceptable to the native speaker of the foreign language.
Often, too, the attempt to use foreign pronunciations misses the mark. Thus the word valet
is not from Modern French but from Old French, and has been English (with a t sound) for
some 400 years. Neither of the hybrid pronunciations vae'le or Vaele comes very near to the
French vaUe. The case of Calais is similar. For several centuries an EngUsh name (for 200
years an EngUsh town), it was, and is, pronounced 'kaelis in the EngUsh way (like palace
'paelis from OF palais), as in Shakespeare (spelt Callis, Callice) and later EngUsh poets (riming
with malice, Alice). The present frequently heard kae'le, %aeli are as far from Modern French
ka'lE or ka'le as vte'le or Vaeli is from French va'le.
The attempt to show knowledge of a foreign language by similar rough or even ludicrous
attempts at the foreign pronunciation often shows ignorance instead. Such inaccurate hybrid
pronunciations are, however, often taken up by many otherwise well-informed speakers, and
so get established in good use, in the same way that hundreds of other linguistic errors and
blunders have attained to good standing (witness Dr. Johnson's recommendation of ache for
10 See Brander Matthews's defense of this tradition in Society Jor Pure English Tract No. V.
xlviii Miscellaneous Suggestions
ake); and a dictionary based on usage must recognize them. Consequently many hybrid pro-
nunciations of foreign derivatives are here given, for, however inaccurate, usage has estab-
lished them.
(3) Wherever there is room for doubt as to actual usage, however, our policy has been to
lean toward the long-established English tradition of full Anglicizing. Certain foreign sounds
will, if the words become general, inevitably shift to native English sounds — as French a is
sure to become either English ae or a. In most cases the actual foreign pronunciation is added
in parentheses, so that the user of the dictionary can adopt the foreign pronunciation if he
chooses. And for those who prefer to follow the English tradition the appended foreign pro-
nunciation may serve to show the inaccuracy of some of the attempted imitations.
PRONUNCIATION OF LATIN WORDS
§123. Latin words not usually being American colloquial EngUsh, as a rule only the orthodox
English Latin pronunciation is given. The so-called Roman pronunciation is very inconsistent
in actual practice. Some form of it is sometimes added if it has become widely current in actual
use (cf cum laiide).
MISCELLANEOUS SUGGESTIONS
§124. L The Key to pronunciation found at the bottom of every pair of open pages in
the vocabulary contains the common English sounds. Each illustrative word in
boldface type shows the sound of both vowel and consonant symbols. For fuller
information about the phonetic alphabet and its use in this book, see Introduc-
tion, §§3-47.
2. The basis of pronunciation in this dictionary is Cultivated Colloquial English —
conversational style, not formal public address or public reading. For discussion
of colloquial EngUsh, see Introduction, §§1-2.
3. A Colloquialism is not a Localism or Slang. See Introduction, §§1-2, with the
definition of Colloquial there quoted from Webster s New International Diction-
ary, Second Edition.
4. For acceptable pronunciations not regularly Usted in the vocabulary', see Intro-
duction, Variants, §§90-119.
5. Certain classes of words have Shifting or Variable Accent. For information on
this and on accent and stress in general, see Introduction, §§48-54.
6. For treatment of Regional Variations, see Introduction, §§76-85.
7. For the pronunciation of Foreign Words, see §122 on .Anglicizing.
8. Too much importance should not be attached to the Order in which the variant
pronunciations are given in the vocabulary. Several factors govern this order.
See Introduction, §§57-58.
9. It is idle to insist on the "correct" pronunciation of words not )-et established in
general oral use. The correct pronunciation will be whatever usage filially settles
on, regardless of whether it agrees with etymolog}', spelling, or analog}'.
10. "The pronunciation is the actual living form or forms of a word, that is, the word
Miscellaneous Suggestions xlix
itself, of which the current spelling is only a symbolization — generally, indeed,
only the traditionally-preserved symbolization of an earlier form." — Oxford
English Dictionary.
11. "While we are entitled to display a certain fastidious precision in our saying of
words that only the educated use, we deserve not praise but censure if we decline
to accept the popular pronunciation of popular words." — H. W. Fowler, Dic-
tionary of Modern English Usage.
12. "I do not believe in the feasibility of imposing one particular form of pronuncia-
tion on the English-speaking world." — Daniel Jones, An English Pronouncing
Dictionary, 4th ed.
ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviated names of English counties are listed
in the vocabulary
+
also
Can
Canada, -dian
ahbr.
abbreviation, -ated
cf
compare
acct
accent, -nation
ch.
church
ace. to
according to
Chatic.
Chaucer
adj
adjective
cheni.
chemistry
adv
adverb
Chin
China, -nese
Afr
Africa, -can
CO.
county
Ala
Alabama
Col
Colorado
Alas
Alaska
colloq.
colloquial, -ly
Am
American
conj
conjunction
Amer
America
Conn
Connecticut
Am Sp
American Spanish (with PI)
cotis., conss.
consonant, -nants
anal.
anatomy
Cornw
Cornwall
Anglic.
Anglicize, -d
Climb
Cumberland
apos.
apostle
Czech
Czechish
Arab
Arabic, Arabian
Dan
Danish
arch.
archaic
dat
dative
Arg
Argentine, -na
Del
Delaware
Ark
Arkansas
Dev
Devonshire
art.
article
dial.
dialect, -al, -ally
attrih.
attributive
Du
Dutch
Austral
Australia
E
Eastern, East
aiix
auxiliary
Egyp
Egypt, -ptian
BBC
British Broadcasting
emph.
emphatic, -phasis
Corporation
EN
Eastern and Northern
bef.
before
Eng
English
Belg
Belgium, Belgian
Engd
England
Bib.
Bible
erron.
erroneous, -ly
Bol
Bolivia
ES
Eastern and Southern
bar.
borough
esp.
especially
bot.
botany, botanist
etym.
etymology
Braz
Brazil
fern.
feminine, female
Brit
British
Fitd
Finland
C
Canada, -dian
Fla
Florida
c (before
Flem
Flemish
numerals)
circa, about
Fr
French
c, cc (after
freq.
frequent, -ly
numerals)
century, -ries
Ga
Georgia
CA
Central America, -can
gen
genitive
Col
California
geog.
geograph}', -phic, -ically
Camb
Cambridge
geol.
geology
(1)
Abbreviations
li
geom.
geometry, -trical
Mod E
Modern English
Ger
German
M. of Ven.
Merchant of Venice
Gk
Greek
mt., mts.
mountain, -s
gram.
grammar, -matical
mus.
music
Heb
Hebrew
myth.
mythology, -logical
Hind
Hindi
N
Northern, North
hist.
historical, -ly
n
noun
Hung
Hungarian
naut.
nautical
la
Iowa
NB
New Brunswick, Can.
Ice
Iceland, -ic
NC
North Carohna
Id
Idaho
NEngd
New England
III
Illinois
Neth
Netherlands
Ind
Indiana
NH
New Hampshire
inf
infinitive
Nicar
Nicaragua
infreq.
infrequent, -ly
NJ
New Jersey
intj
interjection
NMex
New Mexico
Ir
Irish
Norw
Norwegian
Irel
Ireland
NY
New York
isl.
island
NYC
New York City
It
ItaHan
NZ
New Zealand
IW
Isle of Wight
Ohio
Jap
Japanese
occas.
occasional, -ly
Kan
Kansas
OE
Old English
Ky
Kentucky
OED
Oxford English Dictionary
L
Latin
= Oxford Dictionary
L.A.
Linguistic Atlas of
the US OF
Old French
and Canada
o.f.
old-fashioned
La
Louisiana
Okla
Oklahoma
LI
Long Island
Oreg
Oregon
loc.
local, -ly
Oxf
Oxford, -shire
Land
London
Pa
Pennsylvania
Mass
Massachusetts
Pal
Palestine
math.
mathematics
perk.
perhaps
Md
Maryland
Pers
Persia, -n
ME
Middle English
pars
person (grammar)
Me
Maine
pers.
personal
meas.
measure
Pg
Portuguese
Mich
Michigan
Phil
Philippine
mil.
military
phil.
philosopher
Minn
Minnesota
PI
Philippine Islands
Miss
Mississippi
pi
plural
Mo
Missouri
poet.
poetic, -al, poetry
mod.
modern
Pol
Polish
Hi
Abbreviations
Port
Portugal
surg.
surgery
poss
possessive
Sus
Sussex
pptc
past participle
Sw
Swedish
prep
preposition
Swtz
Switzerland
pres
present
syl.
syllable
pro
pronoun
Tasm
Tasmania
prob.
probably
Tenn
Tennessee
pron.
pronunciation, pronounce,
Tex
Texas
pronounced
trans
transitive
pic
participle, -cipial
unstr.
unstressed
rel
relative pronoun
Uru
Uruguay
relig.
religion, -ious
US
United States
RI
Rhode Island
V
verb
riv.
river
Va
Virginia
Rom
Roman
var.
variant
Rus
Russian
ml.
village
S
Southern, South
vocab.
vocabulary
SArner, SA
South America, -can
vole.
volcano
SC
South CaroHna
VOli).
vowel, -s
Sc
Scottish, Scotch
Vt
Vermont
Scand
Scandinavian
w
Western, West
schol.
scholar
w.
with
Scotl
Scotland
w-
Webster^ s New Internatio7ial
sculp.
sculptor
Dictionary, Second Edi-
SD
South Dakota
tion
sg
singular
Wash
Washington (state)
Shak.
Shakespeare
WI
West Indies
Som
Somersetshire
Wis
Wisconsin
Sp
Spanish
WPacif
West Pacific
sp.
spelling, spelt
WVa
West Virginia
sp. pr., sp. pron.
spelling pronunciation
Yks
Yorkshire
In the vocabulary, entries and other spelhng forms (except catchwords) are in light roman
type, pronunciations and all sounds are in boldface, and explanatory matter is in italic (except
the regional labels E, S, N, W).
Occasionally, earher spellings of an entry word, with dates of their occurrence in records,
are shown as evidence of pronunciation or of other significant facts in the history of the word.
Cf. the entries Bicester, kiln.
ADDENDA
A PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN ENGLISH
An asterisk (*) marks words already recorded in the main vocabulary.
The plus sign (+) is to be read "also."
adieux 2d pi of adieu* s^djuz, s^diuz, a'duz
{Fr a'djo)
Aguilar Col 'aegwijar; ES -ila:(r, E+-ila:(r
Ahsahka Id a'saka
Alamosa Col jaela'mosa, Zoc. +-'mus3, -si
Algonquian*, -quin*+-nk-
Amish 'anu/, 'smif
Athol* NY 'eeal \A- Springs 'eGal, 'aeGal'
Attu Alas isl. 'aetu
bateaux pi of bateau* bae'toz (Fr ba'to)
Baugh hs—frotn Bach, cf Reidenbach, Utah*
Benld III loc. ba'nel, older b^n'£Id^ from Ben
L. Dorsey — cf Gnadenhutten*, Ypres*,
Yreka*, Yvonne*, in which also the name of
a letter replaces its usual sound.
Biloxi Miss ba'laksi, -'kk-; ES+-'lDk-
Blackstone* cf variant spelling Blaxton
Blanchester 'blaerijt/ESta', -t/is-; ES -t3(r
Bogalusa La jboga'Iusa
Bogoslof Isl. Alas 'boggSjlaf, -Jof, -jbf
Bois Blanc Isl. Mich 'babjo'ailand; ES+
'bDb-;(i^>-bwa'bla)
Boise* /i+'baizi
Bollinger Mo 'babndsa^; ES -d33(r, 'bol-
Bonar*, Horatius 'bana^; ES 'ban3(r, 'bon-
Bon Homme SD ban'ham; ES+bDn'hDm
Borger Tex 'barga^; ES 'baagaCr
Boscawen* NH loc. 'baskwain, 'bos-
Boston* +'b3St3n, 'bostan {§114)
Botolph* loc.+h^hxA ^strit
Bouckville NY 'baukvil
Bouquet NY bo'ket, ba'ket
Broadalbin NY brodblbin, -'aelbin
Broome* N Y co. now more often brum
Bruneau Id 'bruno
Buchman 'bukman, 'bAk- {Ger 'buixmon)
Buchraanism*, -ite* + 'bukman-
Burleigh ND 'ba-h; ES 'bsh, 'byh
BustiiVF'bAstai
Cache Utah kae/ |-'s -iz
Cadiz* spell Sp city Cadiz; pron.+lis^Aiz
Cahaba Ala riv. ka'haba, ka'hoba
Cahoon surname ka'hun — see Calhoon below
Calhoon = Calhoun* — cf Colquhoun*
Canaseraga NY jkaenasaVoga
Canastota NY ^kaena'stota
Caneadea NY ^kaena'dia ('Canea^dea 'Road)
Canisteo NY jkaeno'stio
Canyon de Chelly Ariz 'kaenjanda'/e
Cape Girardeau Mo 'kepdsa'rardo, -da; ES
-'ra:do, E+-'ra:do
Capulin NMex mt. ka'pjuhn, ka'piuhn
Celoron* iVF+'sda^ron, 'selaran
Cerf surname syf ; ES ssf, sa^f
charm var. sp. of chirm* 'din of birds'
Chateaugay NY '/«t3,ge, '/aetagi
Chehalis Wash tji'hehs |-'s -iz
Cheney Am vils., surname 'tfini
Cheningo iVF /a 'nrggo
Chesuncook Me t/i'sAnkuk
Chichester* NY 't/aiit/tsta-; ES -ta(r
chile con carne, Ai 't/ilikan'karni, -kan'k-;
ES -'ka:ni, -kon'k-, E + -'ka:ni
Chittenango NY ytjitn'teogo, t/it'nsogo
Churchill* +-jhil — c/ Northampton*
Cleburne Ala, Ark, Tex 'kliba^n; ES 'kliban
climatic klai'maetik [al -j |-ally -ji, -ikh
Cochise Ariz ko'tjis |-'s -iz
Coconino Ariz /koka'nino
Coeur D'Alene Id jkardl'en; ES jkaad-
cognizable*+kag'naiz3bl, kog-
Columbiana ka^lAmbi'sena
Combahee^C jkamba'hi; ES+jkom-; ('Com-
ba^hee 'River)
Conewango NY jkana'waggo, -wog-; ES +
jkon-
Key: See in fidl §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret jyet jet |sang saeg langry 'aeg-gri
|bath bae8; E ba0 (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gardj |go go
Ifull ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fy'Sa^; ES 'fstia |custom 'kAstam jwhile hwail jhow hau |toy tai
I using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij | vision 'visan |Eden 'idii [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipip
Copyright, 1949, by G. & C. Merriam Co.
(Hii)
liv
Addenda
Corinth* NY, Vt, ^oc.+kaVmO, krinO
Costilla Col kas'tia, kos-, -'tija (Am Sp
kas'tija)
coxcombic* at ES read: +hiy\is^knmik
Coxsackie NY kuk'saki, kak-, -'saeki; ES +
kttk-
cross bun 'kras'bAn, 'kros- ('hot ^cross 'bun)
Crummel, -mmles 'krAml(z) — from Cromwell
Cunard* accent +as in 'Gurnard 'Line
Cuprum Id 'kjupram, 'kiu-, 'ku-.
Dahlia* NY vil. 'delia, 'delja; see p. vi
Darien* Ga 'denan
Depauville NY di'povil, di'povil
De Ruyter NY di'iaita^; ES di'rait3(r
Desha Ark da'/e
dilettantes pi ^dila't^entiz ]-ti -'taanti
diphosgene* + - 'f azd3in ; ES + - 'f dz-
Domremy-la-Pucelle* + Domrem}'- dore'mi-
Dorcheat La riv. 'dart/it; ES 'daat/it
Dravosburg Pa dra'vosbyg; ES -bsg, -byg
Dumas* Ark 'dumss, 'dju-, 'diu-
Dunsanj'* Brit + dAn^sxni
Duplin NC 'djuphn, 'diu-, 'du-
Duryea Pa dur'je, 'durje; ES dua'je, 'duaje
Ecorse Mich 'ikors; ES 'ikoas |-'s -iz
Edgecombe NC, -comb Me, Wash 'edskam
Edina Minn I'daina, i'dains
Elberta el'bs^ta; ES el'bsta, el'byta
elegiast I'lidjijaest, a'lidsijaest
Eoanthropus* put }o^ssn6r9p3s first
Ephrata Pa 'sfrata, Wasli I'freta
Ephratah Bible 'efrata, NY I'freta
Esarey, Logan 'ezari
Etowah Ala, Tenn '£t3jwa, -iWn, -wa
Eulalie Poe's poem jub'Ii (Fr ola'li)
existentialism jEgzis'tEn/aljizam, ^eksis-
Falconer* iV F + 'f aelkana^ ; ES 'faelkanaCr
Faust* N Y village fast
Fayette fe'et, fe'J£t ('Fay^ette 'City)
Fernandina Fla ^fa^nan'dina; ES lisn-, ^fyn-
Finisterre* add: (Sp jfinis'terre)
Folsom Cal, NMex 'folsam, surname -o-, -a-
Forsyth* NY loc. 'farsaiO; ES 'faasaiG
Franconia NH fraeg'konia
Fremont* NY loc. 'fremant, -mont
frow 'free' fro |frow 'woman' frau
Galway* N Y loc. 'gaelwe
Gansevoort* NY 'gaenzva^t, -vurt; ES -vat,
-vuat
Ghent* NY, Minn g-, Ky ds-, WVa ds-, g-
Godeffroy NY 'gadfri, 'gnd-, cf Godfrey*
Gogebic Mich go'gibik
Gouverneur* AT+zgAva'nur, ;guva-, §121,
Zoc.+-'n3'; ES -'nua(r, -'n3(r, -'ny-
Gouverneur Morris /gAvar'nir, ;gAva-, §121;
ES /gAva'nia(r; ('Gouver,neur '^Morris)
Gravenstein apple 'graevan/Stain, -jStin
greengage 'grin'geds ('green^gage 'plum)
Grosvenor 'grovna', NY bay loc. 'gravna-; ES
-na(r, 'grDvna(r
haberdasher* sometimes 'haeba^dae/a^ (§121)
Hahn surname han, ban — cf Baugh, Utah*
Hallowell 'hieb^wel, -wal. Me loc. 'hnl-
Hampstead* + 'ha;msted, 'hamstid
Hapsburg* see also Habsburg*
Haralson Ga 'haeralsn
Healdsburg Cal 'hildzbyg, -Iz-; ES -3-, -3^-
Healdton Okla 'hildtan, 'hiltan
Hempstead NY 'hempsted, 'htmst-, -stid
Henlopen Del cape hen'lopan
Henrico Va hen'raiko
Hermosa Cal ha^'mosa, by-; ES ha-, hs-, by-
Hialeah Fla ^baia'lia
Hindman Ky 'bainman, 'baindman
Holbrook Ariz, Mass 'bolbruk
Honeoj'e NY 'bAiupi
Hoosic* + 'buzik
Houma La 'buma
Huerfano Col 'werfajno, 'wy-; ES 'wea-,
'w3-, 'wy-; /oc. + 'arfajno
Hyndman Id mt. 'hainman, 'baindman
Indianola la. Miss iindia'nola
Ingraham* + 'iggram, 'ingrain
Ischua NY 'i/ua, /oc + 'i/a^we — c/ Nashua*
Ishpeming Mich 'i/pijinig
Itawamba Miss ,ita'wainba, -'womba
luka Miss ai'juka
Jacquard* acct+as in 'Jac^quard 'loom
Java* NY 'dseva
Junana* + d3ul'jaena, dsiul-
Kalevala* + 'kabjvala
Kalispcll Mont ^kaela'spsl, 'kaela^spel
Kegonsa Wis lake ki'gansa; ES+-'gDnsa
Kinderhook NY 'kinda^^buk; ES 'kinda^huk
Kineo Me mt. 'kini,o
Kissimmee Fla ki'simi
Koshkonong Wis 'kaJTiajnag; ES + 'koJka-
iHog
Kossuth* la ka'suG, ka-, ku-
Key: See in fidl §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret Ij'et jet Isang sasg |angry '«g'gri
jbath baeG; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wntj (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge garcJs |go go
Addenda
Iv
Kotzebue Alas 'katsajbju, -jbiu; ES + 'knt-
La Crosse Wis la'kros, -'krns |-'s -iz
La Garita Cal Jaga'rita
La Habra Cal b'habra
Lampasas Tex laem'paesas 1-sas' -sas
Lassellsville NY 'laaslzjVil — c/ Lascelles*
Latah Id 'let3, le'ta— c/ Utah*
Lavaca Tex b'vaeka
Ledyard* + 'lEd33'd; ES 'kdsad
Leelanau Mich 'lila^na
Lenox var. sp. of Lennox* 'lenaks |-'s -iz
leukemia, -kae- lu'kimia, Iiu- |-mic -mik
Ligonier* acct+, esp. attrib., 'Ligo^nier
literatus sg of literati* JitaVetas
Livengood Alas vil., surname 'laivan^gud
Lonaconing Md Jona'koniij
Loogootee Ind la'goti
Loup Nebr lup
Lj'coming* Pa co. loc.+-^kova-, -'kAm-; NY
vil. lai'komig
McDermott mak'dymst; ES -'dsmat, -'ds'-
McDiarmid mak'dynud; ES -'dsmid, -'dy-
Mahopac NY 'meo^pjEk, 'meajpaek
Mannering surname 'niaenarig = Man waring*,
Mainwaring*, Maynwaring*
Matteawan* NY+, esp. attrib., ^Mattea^wan
Mazomanie Wis jmeza'meni, ^mezo-
Mebane NC 'mtebin
Montgomery* +m3nt'gAmri, -'gAman
Montour* accent + as in 'Mon^tour 'Falls
Morenci Mich moVensi
Morris, Gouverneur, see Gouverneur Morris
Munising Mich 'mjunasig, 'miunasig
Muscatatuck Ind riv. mAs'kaet3;tAk
Mycenae* NY loc. ma'sins — cf ma'zura
Nauvoo* accent + as in 'Nau^voo 'streets
Navarino NY jnaeva'raino
Neligh Nebr 'nih
Neodesha Kan ^niada'/e
Nescopeck Pa 'neska^pEk
Neshoba Miss ni'/oba
Nevada* O loc. naVeda, ni-
Newbem* Tenn + -h3^n; ES -bsn, -byn
Newfane NY, Vt 'nju^fen, 'mu-, 'nu-; Vt loc.
+ jNew'fane, also spelt New Fane
Nisei 'nise, ni'se
Nootka*+'nutka, 'nutka, 'nutka — c/ Utah*
Nueces Tex nju'esis, niu-, nu-
Nunda III, NY, loc. nAn'de
Obion Tenn o'baian
Oceana* WVa josi'aena
Ocheltree Kan 'okl,tri, 'okjtri
Ochiltree Tex 'akl.tri, 'akjtri; ES + 'ok-; Scotl
'okjjtri, -tn (Sc 'oxd-, 'oxj-)
Okanagan Can joka'nagan
Okanogan Wash joka'nagan, -'nngan
Okemah Okla o'kima, o'kima
Oktibbeha Miss ak'tibijha; ES+nk-
Olathe Kan o'leOi, a'leGi, -Ga
Olean NY 'olijaen, joli'aen
Olneyville RI 'oni,vil — cf OIney*
Olustee Ala, Fla, Okla o'lAsti, a'Usti
Onawa la 'anawa; ES + 'nnawa
Onaway Mich 'anajwe; ES + 'nnajwe
Onondaga* NY /oc. + jana'd3ga
Onoville NY 'anajViI; ES + 'nnajViI
Opelika Ala jOpaUaika, jopi'laika
Oregonian pra'gonian, jor-, ,m-
Oriskany NY a'nskani, o'riskam
Orleans* US, accent +as in 'Orleans 'Co.
Osakis Minn o'sekis j-'s -iz
Oskaloosa la ^aska'lusa; ES + iDska'lusa
Ossining* iVF +'asnig; ES+'osnig
Otsego NY at'sigo; ES+ot'sigo
Ottumwa la a'tAmwa, a'tAmwa; ES +
n'tAmwa
Outagamie Wis jauta'gaemi
Ovid* Mich, NY, occas. pers. name 'ovid
Owj'hee Id a'waihi, o'waihl
Palestine* Tex loc. 'paelasjtin
Palomar Cal jpaela'mar; ES -'ma:(r, E +
-'ina:(r; accent+as in 'Palo^mar 'Mountain
Passaconaway NH ^pfesa'kanaiWe; ES +
-'kon-
Pehlevi 'Pahlavi' 'pela^vi |Pehlvi 'pelvi
Pend Oreille Id, Wash jpanda're, ipen-
phosgene* + 'f azdsin ; ES + 'f ozdsin
Picabo Id loc. 'pika^bu, elsewher e+^pikaihu
pileated 'paik^etid, 'pili^etid
Piqua* O+'pikwe — cf Pickaway*
Pithecanthropus* ptit second pron. first
Poestenkill NY 'pusn^kil, 'postn^kil
princess* 5n7+prin'ses, but 'prinsis when at-
trib., as in 'Princess 'Mary
Pulaski* Z/^+pa'laeski, pju-, pm-
Pushmataha Okla jpufma'taha, -'taha
Puyallup Wash pju'aelap, piu'aelap
Rahway NJ 'rawe
Ramapo NY vil., NY, NJ riv. 'raemajpo
|full ful Itooth tuG Ifurther 'fytJa*; ES 'fstSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail |how hau |toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Ivi
Addenda
Rangeley Me Vendsli
Rantoul /// raen'tul ('Ran^toul 'schools)
Raton* Col ra'tun, rae-; NMex ra'ton, ra-
Reidenbach surname 'raidri/bD — cf Baugh
Rensselaer* NY + ^tznsViT; ES -'i3(r; accent
■\-as in 'Rensscjlaer 'boy
Robson* surname + 'robsn
Sabinal Tex jsaeba'nael ('Sabijnal 'bank)
Sacandaga NY jsaekan'daga
Sagadahoc* Me, put acct ,Sagada'hoc first
Salida Col sa'laida {Sp sa'liSa)
Salina Kan sa'Iaina
Salinas Cal sa'linas |-'s -iz
Saluda NC, SC, Va, Ind sa'luda
San Bernardino* CaZ + -jbyn3'dino, §121
Santanoni N Y jsaenta'noni ('Santajnoni 'Mt.)
Sapulpa Okla sa'pAlpa
sarsaparilla* + jsaespa'rila, jsaesapa-
Saugerties NY 'sDga^tiz, -^tiz; ES 'saga-
Sauquoit NY sa'kwait
Schaefer, -ffer 'Jefa^; ES '/ef3(r
Schaghticoke NY 'skaeti^kuk, 'Jati-, -jkok
Schenevus NY ska'nivas |-'s -iz
Schrader 'Jreda^; ES 'JredaCr
Schroeder '/reda^, 'Jroda^; ES -d9(r; (Ger
'Jroidar)
Schuylkill* SE Pa /oc. + 'skukl
sermonic sy'manik; ES S3-, sy-, -'monik
Shafer 'Jefa^; ES 'Jef3(r
Shaffer 'Jefa^, '/afa-; ES -f3(r
shafts 'tinlls' fsevz, Jaefts; E+/a-, fa-; see
§124.11
Shelbina Mo Jel'baina
shindig* occen/ + '/injdig
slaver ^ slave dealer' 'sleva'; ES 'slev3(r
slaver 'drool' 'sl«v3^; ES 'sla^v^(r; |-ed -d j-ing
'slaevario, 'slaevrig
soot* cf boot but, foot f ut, flood fUd
submersible sab'mysabl; ES -'mss-, -'mys-
Suckow surname 'suko
Suffolk* + 'sAf3k
Sylacauga Ala jSila'koga
Tahoe Cal 'taho, 'teho
Talcott, Tallcott 'talkat, 'taelkat
Talladega Ala jtaela'diga
Tallulah La ta'lub
Taughannock Falls NY ta'gaenak, ta'gaenak
Tazewell III, Va 'taezwel, 'tezwel, -wal
Tehuacana Tex ti'wakana, -'wnk-
Tidioute Pa 'tidijut, jtidi'ut
Tionesta Pa jtaia'nesta
Totowa NJ 'totawa
Tucumcari NMex 'tukam/keri, -;kaeri; S -ae-
Tuolumne Cal 'twalamni, 'twDlamni
Tuscola Mich, III tAs'kola
Tyrone* Pa, acct + as in 'tai^ron 'strits
Uhrichsville 'junks, vil
Umatilla Or eg juma'tila
Unadilla iVF Juna'dila, ^oc. + iAn3'dil3; acct-^
as in 'Una/dilla 'Forks
Upshire Engd 'Ap/ir, -JV; ES -J'i3(r, -Jafr
Upshur surname, WVa co. 'Apja^; ES 'Ap/3(r
Uvalde Tex ju'vaeldi
Valois 'vaelwa, -wd {Fr va'lwa), NY va'bis
Vandalia Am places vaen'delja
Venango Pa, Nehr va'naeggo
Venezuela* + jV8nzu'il3, jvenazu'Ila
Vergennes Vt, III va^'dsEnz; ES va-; |-'s -iz
vernacular* +va'naekjal3' {§121)
Vevay Swtz Co. Ind 'vivi, older vi've {§6)
Vevey Switzerland va've {Fr va've)
Vienna* sojne Am places +\ai^en3
Vigo Ind 'vaigo, 'vigo
Vinita Okla va'nita
Waban Mass 'waban
Wabasha Minn 'wabaj/a, 'woba-, 'waba-
Wadena Minn wa'dina, wo'dina
Waha Id 'waha — cf Omaha*, Utah*, Baugh
Walthall Miss 'walt.hal— c/ Waltham*
Wamego Kan wa'migo, wn-, wa-
Wappingers iV I" 'wapindsa^z, 'wop-; ES -dsaz
Wasatch 'wasaetj", wa'saetj ('Wa^satch '!Mts.)
Washingtonian jwa/ig 'toman, jwa/-, iWo/-
Washtenaw Mich '\vaXta,na, 'wdJ-, 'waj-
Watauga NC, Tenn wa'taga, wo'taga, \va-
Watervliet NY 'wata^jvlit, 'wa-, 'wd-, -vl,It;
ES -ta-; acci+jWater'vliet
Watseka III wat'sika, wot'sika
Waubesa Wis lake wa'bisa
Waunakee Wis ,wana'ki ('Wauna,kee 'mail)
Waupaca Wis wa'paska
Waupun Wis wa'pAn ('Wau^pun 'schools)
Wauseon 'wasiyon, -/Dn, jwasi'an, -'on
Weehawken NJ wi'hakan
Weiser Id 'wiza^; ES 'wiza(r
Wetumka Okla wi'tAmka |-mpka Ala wi-
'tAmpka
WigtowTishire* put 'wigtaniJir//-^/
Winder Ga 'wainda^; ES 'wainda(r
Winnetka III wi'netka
Wolcott* iVF/oc. 'walkat
woollen variant spelling of woolen*
Zeigler /// 'zigla^; ES 'zigla^r
Ziebach SD 'zi'bak, -'ba, -'ba — cf Baugh
A
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
OF
AMERICAN ENGLISH
abidance
A, a letter e \pl A's, As, poss A's ez
abbreviation ajbrivi'e/an
a indef. art. a, emph. or hesitating e — The use
ABC 'e'bi'si lABC's, ABCs 'e'bi'siz ('A.B'C
of e, the stressed form of a, in places where
jbook)
the tmstressed a belongs, often gives an arti-
abdicate 'aebda^ket |-cated -^ketid
ficial effect to public address.
abdication jaebda'ke/an
a, a- unstressed form of on a (a begging, a-foot.
Abdiel 'aebdial, -diel, -dj-
afire)
abdomen 'asbdaman, aeb'doman, ab-
Aachen 'akan, 'oxan (Ger 'arxan)
abdominal aeb'daman], ab-; ES+-'dDm-;
Aaron 'eran, 'aeran, 'eran; S 'aeran, 'eran
l-ly-i
abaca ,aba'ka
abduce aeb'djus, -'dius, -'dus |-s -iz \-d -t
aback a'baek
abduct aeb'dAkt, ab- \-ed -id |-ction -k/an
abacus 'aebakas |-es -iz |-ci -jsai
abeam a'bim
abaft a 'baef t ; E + a 'baft, a 'baft
abecedarian jebisi'derian, -'der-
abalone, A- (aeba'loni
A Becket, -ett a'bekit
Abana 'aebana
abed a 'bed
abandon n a'baendan (Fr aba'do)
Abednego a'bednijgo
abandon v a'baendan |-ed -d
Abel 'ebl
abase a'bes |-s -iz |-d -t j-dly -idli
Abelard 'sebl^ord; ES 'aebl,a:d; (Fr abe'larr)
abash a'baef |-es -iz j-ed -t |-edly -idli
Aberdeen jaeba^'din; ES jaeba'din; ('Aber^deen
abatable a'betabl
'Angus) |-shire -fir, -JV; ES -/ia(r, -J"a(r
abate a 'bet | abated a 'betid
Abergavenny Eng town jaeba^ga'veni, family
abatis 'aebatis, a'baetis |-es -iz |-ed -t
jaeba^'geni, Shak. Aburgany jaeba^'geni; ES
abattoir jaeba'twar, -'twar; ES -'twa:(r.
iseha-
-'twaa(r; (Fr aba'twa:r)
aberrance aeb'erans |-ancy -ansi |-ant -ant
abbacy 'aebasi
aberration /aeba're/an
Abbana 'aebana
Aberystwyth ,aeb3^'istwi6
abbe 'aebe, ae'be (Fr a^be)
abet a'bet |-ted -id |-ter, -tor -a^; ES -a(r
abbess 'aebis, 'aebes |abbesses 'aebisiz
abeyance a'beans j-ant -ant
Abbeville US 'aebi^vil; S+-vl; France ab'vil
abhor ab'har, aeb-; ES -'haa(r; |-red -d
abbey 'aebi | Abbey ville, Abby- 'aebi^vil
abhorrence ab'harans, aeb-, -'hot-, -'hor-
abbot 'aebat
|-ent -ant
Abbotsford 'aebatsfa^d; ES 'aebatsfad
Abhorson ab'harsn; ES -'haasn
abbreviate a'brivi,et l-ated -,etid
abidance a'baidns
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gri
Ibath baeG; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wat/, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa Igorge gards |go go
|full ful I tooth tu6 [further 'fytla^; ES 'fstJa |custom 'kAstam | while hwail |how hau |toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dif [vision 'visan |Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
abide
abstain
abide a'baid \past abode a'bod or abided
Abou ben Adhem 'aebubEn'aedam, 'abuben-
a'baidid \pptc abode a'bod or abided
'ad£m
d'baidid, rarely abidden a'bidn
abound a'baund |-ed -id
Abigail 'aebajgel, 'aebagl
about a'baut
Abijah a'baidsa
about-face n a'baut^fes |-s -iz
Abilene US 'aebajin, Syria jaeba'lini
about-face v a,bact'fes |-s -iz |-d -t
ability a'bilati
about-ship v a^baut'/ip |-ped -t
Abimelech a'bimSjkk
above a'bAV
Abinadab a^bina^daeb
aboveboard a'bAv^bord, -^bard; ES -;boad.
Abingdon 'aebigdan |-gton -tan
E+-jbaad
ab initio 'asbi'niJijO
aboveground a'bAv^graund
abject aeb'dsekt, 'aebdsekt ('abj'ect 'look)
abrade a 'bred, aeb'red |-d -id
abjection aeb'dsekjan
Abraham 'ebrajham, 'ebri-, -ham
abjuration jaebdsu'rc/an
Abram 'ehram
abjure ab'dgur, aeb-, -'dsiur; ES -'dsuaCr,
abrasion a'bresan, aeb'r- |-sive -siv, -ziv
-'d3iu3(r; |-d -d
abreaction ,aebri'aBk/an
ablation aeb'le/an
abreast a'brtst
ablative 'aeblativ, 'aebhtiv
abridge a'brids |-s -iz |-d -d |-dly -idh
ablaut 'ablaut, 'aeblaut {Ger 'aplaut)
abroad a 'brad
ablaze a'blez
abrogable 'aebragabl
able 'ebl [-ler 'ebla^; ES -l3(r; 1-lest 'eblist
abrogate 'aebrajget, -ro- | -gated -igetid
-able unstressed ending -abl — often omitted
abrogation jjebra'ge/an, -ro-
from the vocab. when the pron. can be found
abrupt a'brApt, aeb'r Apt
by adding -abl to the head pron. The corre-
Absalom 'aebsalam
sponding adverb ending /s -ably -abh. For
abscess 'aeb^ses, -sis |-es -iz |-ed -t
the addition of -bly -bh when the head word
abscissa aeb'sisa |-s -z j-sae -si
does not end in -able, see the suffix -bly.
abscission asb'sisan, aeb'si/an
able-bodied 'ebl'badid; ES+-'bDd-; ('able-
abscond aeb'skand, ah-; ES-H-'skond; |-ed
-bodied 'man)
-id
ablution aeb'lujan, ab-, -'liu/an
absence 'aebsns [absences 'aebsnsiz [-sent
ably 'ebb
-snt
abnegate 'aebnijget |-gated -igetid
absent v asb'sent, ab- |-ed -id
abnegation jaebni'ge/on
absentee jaebsn'ti ('absen^tee 'land^lord)
Abner 'aebna^; ES 'aebnaCr
absent-minded 'aebsnt'maindid
abnormal aeb'narml, ab-; ES -'naaml; |-ly -i
absinthe, -th 'aebsinO, aeb'smO
abnormality jaebnar'tnaelati; ES -na'maelati
absolute 'aebsajut, -,hut, -sljut |-ly -h,
abnormity seb'narmati; ES -'naamati
empli. + ^abso'lutely, 'abso'lutely
aboard a 'bord, a'b3rd;ES a'boad, E+a'baad
absolution jaebsa'luj"an, -'hu/an, -sl'jujan
abode a'bod
absolutism 'aebsalutjizam, -hut-, -sjjut-
abolish a 'bob/; ES+a'bol-; |-es -iz |-ed -t
absolutist 'aBbsa;lutist, -^hut-, -sjj'utist
abolition jaeba'b/an |-ism -jizam |-ist -ist
absolve aeb'salv, ab-, -'sdIv, -'z- |-d -d
abominable a'bamnabl, -man-; ES+a'bom-;
absorb ab'sarb, aeb-, -'z-; ES -aab; |-ed -d
1-bly -bh
|-edly -idh
abominate a'bamajnet; ES+a'bom-; |-d -id
absorbefacient abiSarba'fe/ant, aeb-, -jZ-; ES
aboriginal jaeba'ridsanl |-ly -i ]-ne -^ni
-aab-
abort a'bart; ES a'baat; |-ed -id
absorbent ab'sarbant, aeb-, -'z-; ES -aab-
aborticide a'barta^said; ES a'baata-
absorption ab'sarpjan, aeb-; ES -'saap-;
abortifacient ajbarta'te/ant; ES a^baata-
|-tive -tiv
abortion a'barjan; ES a'baa/an
abstain ab'sten, aeb- |-ed -d
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee hi |pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg langr^^ 'aeg-gri
[bath baeO; E ba6 (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wot/, wntj (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
abstemious
accordion
abstemious aeb'stimias, ab-, -mjas
abstention aeb'stenjan, ab-
absterge aeb'styds, ab-; ES -'stsds, -'styds;
|-s -iz |-d -d I -gent -ant
abstersion aeb'sty/an; ES -'sts/-, -'st3\f-
abstinence 'aebstanans |-s -iz
abstract adj aeb'straekt ('abiStract 'thought)
abstract n 'aebstraekt
abstract v aeb'straekt, ab-; 'abridge,' 'trace
title' 'aebstraekt |-ed -id
abstractedly aeb'straektidh
abstraction aeb'straekjan, ab- |-tive -tiv
abstriction aeb'strik/an
abstruse aeb'strus, ab-, -'strius
absurd ab'syd, aeb-, -'z-; ES -sd, -s'd; |-ity
-ati
Abukir jfebu'kir, ^a-, a'buka^; ES -'kia(r,
-ka(r
abulia a'bjuha, a'biul-, ^aebju'lia
abundance a'bAndans [abundant a'bAndant
Abury 'ebari = Avebury
abuse ft a'bjus, a'bius |-s -iz
abuse v a'bjuz, a'biuz |-s -iz |-d -d
abusive a'bjusiv, a'biusiv
abut a'bAt j-ted -id ]-ment -mant |-tal -1
Abydos a'baidas, -das; ES+-dDs; [-'s -iz
abysm a'bizam [abysmal a'bizml |-ally
-zmji
abyss a'bis |-es -iz [-al -1
Abyssinia jseba'sinia, -'sinja |-n -n
acacia a'ke/a
academe jseka'dim
academic ^aeka'demik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
academician ajkaeda'mi/an, /jekada-
academicism jaeka'demajSizam
academy a'kaedami
Acadia a'kedia, -dja |-n -n — see also Cajun
acanthus a'kaenOas |-es -iz |-thi -6ai
a cappella 'a ka'pela (// jakkap'pella)
acariasis ^aeka'raiasis
acarid 'aekarid
acatalectic ejkaetl'ektik, a-, ae-, jckaetl-,
/aekaetl-
acaudal e'kadl, a-, ae-
Accad 'aekaed = Akkad
Accadia a'kedia, a'ka-, -dja |-dian -dian,
-djan
accede aek'sid, ak- [-ceded -'sidid
accelerable aek'selarabl, ak-
accelerando aekjsela'raendo, ak- (It at^t/ele-
'rando)
accelerant aek'selarant, ak-
accelerate aek'selajret, ak- [-rated -^retid
acceleration aekjsela're/an, ak-, ^aeksela-
accelerative aek'selajretiv, ak- [-tor -ta^; ES
-ta(r
accent n 'aeksent, less freq. 'aeksnt
accent v 'aeksent, aek'sent, ak- [-ed -id
accentual aek's£nt/ual, ak- [-ly -i
accentuate aek'sentju/ct, ak- |-ated -^etid
accentuation aek^SEnt/u'e/an, ak-, ^aeksent/u-
accept ak'sept, ik-, aek- |-ed -id [-able -abj
[-bly -bli
acceptability akjsepta'bilati, ik-, ak-,
^aeksepta-
acceptance ak'stptans, ik-, aek- |-s -iz
acceptation ^aeksEp'teJan
access 'aekses [-es -iz
accessary aek'sesari, ak- |-ries -riz
accessibility aekjsesa'bilati, ak-, ^aeksesa-
accessible aek'sEsabl, ak- j-bly -bli
accession aek'se/an, ak- |-ed -d
accessorial ^aeksa'sorial, -'sar-; S -'sor-
accessory aek'sesari, ak-
accidence 'aeksadans [-dent -dant
accidental ^aeksa'dentl [-ly -i
acclaim a'klem [acclaimed a'klemd
acclamation ^aekla 'me/an
acclimate a'klaimit, 'aekla^met [-d -id
acclimation ^aekla 'me/an
acclimatization ajklaimata'ze/an, -ai'z-
acclimatize a'klaimajtaiz |-s -iz [-d -d
acclivity a'klivati
accolade ,aeka'led, -'lad j-d -id
Accomac 'aeka^maek
accommodate a'kamajdet; ES-h-'kom-; [-d
-id
accommodation ajkama'dejan; ES-i--,kDm-
accompaniment a'kAmpanimant, a'kAmpni-
accompanist a'kAmpanist, a'kAmpnist
accompany a'kAmpani [-nyist -mist
accomplice a'kamplis; ES-i--'kDin-; j-s -iz
accompHsh a'kamph/; ES^-'kom-; |-es -iz
[-ed -t
accord a'kard; ES a'kaad; |-ed -id
accordance a'kardns; ES a'kaad-; |-dant
-dnt
accordion a'kardian; ES a'kaadian
[full ful jtooth tu6 [further 'fy'Sa'; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail jhow hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fmz jdish dif [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
accost
acrimony
accost a'kost, a'kost |-ed -id
ache ek | ached ekt — Before 1700 the verb was
accouchement a'ku/ma, -mant {Fr akuj'ma)
spelt ake, and the noun was pronounced etj.
accoucheur jaekulfs^; ES ;aeku'/3(r, -'Jy; (Fr
pi 'etjiz.
akulfoerr)
Achean a'kian
accoucheuse ^aeku'/sz |-s -iz {Fr akujoiz)
Acheron 'aekajtan, -ran; ES+-jrt)n
account a'kaunt |accounted o'kauntid
achieve a'tjiv |-d -d |-ment -mant
accountabiUty ajkaunta'bilati
Achilles a'kiliz |-es' -iz
accountable a'kauntabl |-bly -bli
Achitophel a'kita^fel
accountancy a'kauntansi |-tant -tant
achromatic ,aekra'maetik, -ro- ('achro,matic
accouter, -tre a'kuta^; ES 3'kut3(r; l-(e)d -d
'lens)
accredit a'kredit [-ed -id
achromic e'kromik, a-, ae-
accrete a'krit, ae'krit j-d -id
acid 'aesid [acidic a'sidik, ae'sidik
accretion a'kri/an, ae'kri/an
acidify a'sida^fai, ae- |-fied -,faid
accrual a'krual, a'kriual, ae-
acidimeter jaesi'dimata^j ES -ta(r
accrue a'kru, a'kriu, ae- |-d -d
acidity a'sidati, ae-
accumbency a'kAmbansi |-bent -bant
acidosis ,aesi'dosis
accumulate 3'kjumJ3,let, a'kium- |-d -id
acidulate a'sidsa^let, ae- [-d -id |-lous -las
|-tive -IV |-tor -a^; ES -3(r
aciform 'aesi,farm; ES -;faam
accumulation ajkjumja'le/an, 3jkium-
acknowledge ak'nalids, aek-, ik-, -ad5; ES+
accuracy 'aekjarasi
-'nol-; l-d -d
accurate 'aekjarit
aclinic e'klinik, a-, ae-
accursed a'kysid, -st; ES a'kss-, a'kys-;
acme 'aekm^, 'aekmi
|-sedly -sidli
acne 'aekni, 'aekni
accurst afest; ES a'ksst, a'kyst
acolyte 'akajlait
accusal a'kjuzl, s^kiuzl
Acoma 'aka;ma, -ma
accusation jaekja'ze/an, ^aekju-
acorn 'eka-n, 'ekam; ES 'ekan, 'ekaan ; — The
accusative a'kjuzativ, a'kiuz-
second pron. arises from false etymology.
accusatorial ajkjuza'torial, a^kiuz-, -'tar-;
acotyledon ,ekatl'idn, a,kat-, ae^kat-; ES+
S -'tor-
-Dt-; j-ous -'idnas, -'ednas
accusatory a'kjuzajtori, a'kiuz-, -jtari; S
acoustic a'kustik, a'kaustik |-al -1 |-ally -li,
-jtori
-ikli
accuse a'kjuz, a'kiuz |-s -iz |-d -d
acoustician ^aekus'ti/an, -kaus-, a^kus-.
accustom a'kAStam |-ed -d
a^kaus-
ace es ]aces 'esiz
acquaint a'kwent |-ed -id
acentric e'sentrik, a-, ae-
acquaintance a'kwentans |-s -iz
acephalous e'sefalas, a-, ae-
acquiesce ,aekwi'es |-s -iz |-d -t |-nce -ns |-nt
acerbate v 'aesa^^bet; ES 'aesa-; |-d -id
-nt
acerbate adj a'sybit; ES a'ssb-, a'syb-
acquire a'kwair; ES a'kwaia(r; |-d -d |-rable
acerbity a'sybati; ES a'ssb-, a'syb-
-abl
acetamide jaesa'taemaid, a'setajinaid, -mid
acquisition ^aekwa'zi/an
|-mid -mid
acquit a'kwit ]-ted -id |-tal -1 |-tance -ns
acetanilide jaesa'taenl^aid, -lid |-lid -hd
acre 'eka^; ES 'eka(r
acetate 'aesa^tet |-tated -^tetid
acreage 'ekarids, 'ekrids |-s -iz
acetic a'sitik, a'setik
acre-foot 'eka^'fut; ES 'eka-; |-feet -'fit
acetify a'seta^fai |-fied -ifa,id
acre-inch 'eka^'mt/ |-es -iz
acetone 'aesa, ton
acrid 'aekrid |-ine -jln, -in |-in -in
acetyl 'aesa^til |-ene a's£tl;in
acridity ae'kridati, a-
Achaea a'kki |Achaia a'kea, a'kaia |-n -n
acrimonious ,aekra'monias, -njas
Achates a'ketiz |-tes' -tiz
acrimony 'aekra,moni
Key: See in fidl §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang sjeg [angrj^ 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E ba6 (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watf, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards |go go
acrobat
ad interim
acrobat 'aekra^baet
add aed [added 'aedid
acrobatic jaekra'baetik [-al -1 [-ally -li, -ikli
Addams 'aedamz |Addams's ^aedamziz
acrogen 'aekradsan, -dsin
addend 'aedend, a'dend
acromegalic ;aekroini'gaelik |-megaly -'niEgah
addendum a'dendam, ae- |-da -da
acrophobia jsekra'fobia
adder 'aeda^; ES Wa(r
acropolis a'krapahs; ES+-'krDp-; |-lises
addible 'aedabl
-lisiz \Gk pi -leis -jles
addict n 'aedikt
across a'krDS, a'kros
addict TJ a'dikt |-ed -id |-ction -k/an
acrostic a'krastik, a'kros-
Addis Ababa 'aedis'ababa, 'adis-
act aekt | acted 'ijektid
Addison 'aedasn
Actaeon aek'tian
additament a'ditamant
actinic aek'tinik |-ally -Ii, -ikh
addition a'di/an, ae- |-al -1 |-ally -li
actinism 'aektmjizam
additive 'aedativ
actinium ^ek'tiniam
addle 'aedl |-d -d |-ling 'aedhg, 'aedho
action 'aek/an |-able -abl, -/nabl |-bly -bli
addlebrain 'aedj^bren
Actium 'sektiam, 'aekjiam
addlebrained 'aedl'brend ('addle-brained 'boy)
activate 'aekt3,vet |-vated -^vetid
addleheaded 'aedl'hgdid
activation jaekta've/an
addlepated 'aedl'petid
active 'aektiv |-vism -jizam |-vist -ist
address n a'dres, 'fedres |-es -iz
activity aek'tivati
address v a'dres |-es -iz |-ed -t
actor 'aekta-; ES 'aekta^r
addressee adres'i, ^aedres'i
actress 'aektris |-es -iz
adduce a'djus, a'dius, a'dus [-s -iz |-d -t
actual 'aekt/ual, -t/ul
adducible, -ceable a'djusabl, a'dius-, a'dus-
actuality jaekt/u'aelati
adduct a'dAkt |-ed -id
actually 'aektjuali, -tjuh, -t/ah
adduction a'dAkJan |-tive -tiv |-tor -ta^; ES
actuarial jaskt/u'enal, -'er-
-ta(r
actuary 'aekt/u^eri
Adel e'del
actuate 'aekt/ujCt ]-ated -jCtid
Adela 'aedla
acuity a'kjuati, a'kmati
Adelaide 'aedj^ed
acumen a'kjumm, a 'km-, -man
Adelbert 'aedlba't, a'dflbat, college a'delba^t;
acute a'kjut, a'kiut
ES -bat
acyclic e'saikkk, e'sik-
Adelina jaedl'aina, -'Ina
A.D. 'e'di, 'aeno'damajnai; ES+-'dDm-
Adeline 'jedljain, -jin
ad aed
Adelphi a'delfi, -fai
Ada(h) leda
Aden 'edn, 'adn
adage 'aedidj |-s -iz
adenoid 'aednpid |-ism -jizam
adagio a'dadso, a'dadsijO {It a^daidso)
adenoidal ^aedn'aidl
Adair a'der, a'daer; E s'deaCr, ES a'daeaCr
adept n 'aedept, a'd£pt
Adaline 'aedl^ain, -jin
adept adj a'dept
Adam 'aedam |Adams 'aedamz |Adams's
adequacy 'aedakwasi |-quate -kwit
'aedamziz
adhere ad'hir, aed-; ES -'hia(r, S+-'h£a(r;
adamant 'aedajinaent
|-nce -ans |-nt -ant
adamantine jaeda'maentin, -tin, -tain
adhesion ad'hisan, aed- |-sive -siv
x\damic, Louis 'lui'aedamik, 'luis-, 'liui(s)-
adhibit aed'hibit |-ed -id
adapt a'daept |-ed -id
ad hoc 'aed'hak; ES+-'hDk
adaptability a^dsepta'bilati
ad hominem 'aed'hamainem; ES+-'hDm-
adaptable a'daeptabl
adieu a'dju, a'diu, a'du
adaptation ^aedap'te/an, ^aedaep-
ad infinitum 'aedjinfa'naitam
adaptive a'daeptiv
ad interim 'aed'intarim
|full ful jtooth tu6 [further 'fytia^; ES 'fsSa [custom [kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
adipose
advance
adipose 'aedajpos
ad nauseam 'ad'na/i^aem, often -'naz-.
adiposity jseda'pasati; ES+-'pras-
-'nas-
Adirondack jfledaVondaek; ES+-'rDn-
ado a'du
adit 'aedit
adobe a'dobi
adjacency a'dsesnsi |-cent -snt
adolescence /aedl'esns |-cy -i [-cent -snt
adjectival jaedsik'taivl, 'aedsiktivj |-ly -
i
Adolf, -Iph '«dalf, 'sednlf, 'ed-
adjective 'aedsiktiv |-ly -li
Adolphus a'dalfas, a'dnl- |-'s -iz
adjoin a'dsain |-ed -d |-edly -idli, a'dsamdli
Adonais ^aeda'ne-is |-'s -iz
adjourn a'ds^n; ES a'dssn, 3'd3yn; |-
ed -d
Adonijah ^aeda'tiaidsa
adjudge a'dgAds |-s -iz |-d -d
Adonis a'donis |-'s -iz
adjudicate 3'd3udijket, a'dsm- |-d -id
adopt a'dapt; ES+a'dnpt; |-ed -id
adjudication ajdsudi'ke/an, Sidsiu-
adoptability a,dapta'bilati; ES+ajdnp-
adjunct 'aedsAgkt
adoptable a'daptabl; ES+a'dop-
adjuration jaedsu'rejan
adoption a'dapjan; ES+a'dop-; |-tive -tiv
adjure a'dsur, a'dsiur; ES -3(r; |-d -d
adorable a'dorab}, a'dar-; S a'dor-; |-bly
adjust a'dsAst |-ed -id |-able -abj
l-bly
-bh
-bh
adoration ^aedaVe/an
adjutancy 'aedjatansi |-tant -tant
adore a'dor, a'dar; ES a'doa(r, E+aMaa(r;
Adler 'adla^, '«d-; ES -la(r
l-d-d
ad-lib V aed'lib |-bed -d
adorn a'dam; ES a'daan; |-ed -d
ad libitum 'aed'hbitam
adown a'daun
administer ad'minast*, aed-; ES -ta(r
l-ed
adrenal aed'rinl |-in aedVenlin
-d |-ing -tang, -trio
Adrian 'edrian [Adriana jcdri'aena, -'ana
administrable ad'minastrabl, aed-
Adrianople ycdrian'opl
administrate ad'mina^stret, aed- |-d -id
!-tive
Adriatic jedri'aetik
-IV
adrift a 'drift
administration adjinina'strej'an, aed-,
jaed-
adroit a'drait
raina-
adsorb aed'sarb; ES -'saab; |-ed -d
administrator ad'minajstreta', aed-; ES
-ta(r
adsorption aed'sarp/an; ES -'saap/an
administratress adjinina'stretris, ^aedmina-
adulate 'aedsa^let |-d -id |-tion jaedsa'le/an
|-es -iz
adulatory 'aadsala^tori, -jtari; S -^tori
administratrix adjimna'stretriks, ^aedmina-
Adullam a'dAlam |-ite -jait
|-es -IZ 1-trices -tri^siz
adult a'dAlt, 'aedAlt ('a,dult 'school)
admirable 'aedmarabl |-bly -bli
adulterant a'dAltarant, -trant
admiral 'aedmaral |-ty -ti
adulterate adj a'dAltarit, -^ret
admiration jaedmaVeJan
adulterate v a'dAlta,ret -d -id
admire ad'mair; ES -'maia(r; |-d -d
l-dly
adulteration a^dAlta're/an
-idh, -dh
adulterer a'dAltara^; ES -tara(r; j-tery -tan,
admissibility adjinisa'bilati, aed-
-tri
admissible ad'misabl, aed- |-bly -bli
adulteress a'dAltans, -tris |-es -iz
admission adW/an, aed-
adulterine a'dAltarin, -jtain
admit ad'mit, aed- |-ted -id |-tance -ns
adulterous a'dAltaras, -tras
admix aed'miks, ad- |-es -iz |-ed -t
adumbrate aed'Ambret, 'aedam^bret |-d -id
admixture aed'mikst/a', ad-; ES -t/a(r
adumbration j£edam'bre/an, jaedAm-
admonish ad'manij, aed-; ES+-'mDn-
; |-es
adust a'dAst
-iz |-ed -t
ad valorem jaedva'loram, -'bram, -Em; S
admonition jaedma'ni/an
-'lor-
admonitory ad'manajtori, aed-, -/tan; S
advance ad'vaens; E+-'vans, -'vans; |-s -iz
-jtori, ES+-'niDn-
l-d-t
Key: See in full §§3-A7. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg [angry 'teg'gri
|bath baeG; E bad (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dja |gorge gards |go go
advantage
aes triplex
advantage adVantidj; E+-Van-, -'
van-;
Aegisthus i'dsisGas |-'s -iz
|-s -iz |-d -d
Aegospotami, -mos jigas'patajinai, -mas; ES
advantageous jaedvan'tedsas, -vaen-
+ -'pot-
advent, A- 'aedvent |-ism -jzam |-ist -ist
Alfred '«lfrid, 'ielfrad, 'jelfa-d; ES
-frid.
adventitious jaedven'tijas, jaedvan-
-frad, -fad
adventive aed'ventiv
yElfric 'jElfrik
adventure adVEntJa'; ES -tXa(r; |-d -d
-ring
Aemilia i'miba |-lius -has |-lius's -hasiz
-VEnt/ani), -Vent/rig |-rous -t/aras, -
t/ras
Aeneas I'nias, i- |-'s -iz
adventurer adVEnt/ara'; ES -t/araCr
Aeneid I'niid, i-, -ad
adventuresome adVent/a^sam; ES -
'vEn-
Aeolia i'oba |-n -n
t/asam
Aeolis 'ialis |-'s -iz |-t -t |-m -Jizam
adventuress adVentJans, -tjris |-es -iz
Aeolus 'ialas, Vt mt. loc. i'olas |-'s -iz
adverb 'aedvyb; ES 'aedvsb, -vyb
aeon 'ian, 'ian; ES+'ion
adverbial adVybial, aed-, -bjal; ES -
vsb-.
aerate 'ea^ret |-d -id |-tion jca're/an
-Vyb-; |-ly -i
aerial 'airy' e'irial, 'erial, 'aerial; S
e'lr-.
adversary 'aedva^jSeri; ES 'aedva-
'aer-; radio 'erial, 'erial |-ly -i
adversative ad'vysativ, aed-; ES -
'V3S-,
aerie 'en, 'aeri, 'in; S 'aeri, 'in
-'yys-
aeriform e'irajfarm, 'era-, 'aera-; ES
e'lra-
ad verse adVys, aed-, 'aedvys; ES -3S,
-ys;
jfaam, 'aera-, E + 'tra-
('winds adVerse, 'ad/verse 'winds)
aerify e'lra^fai, 'era-, 'aera-; S e'ira-,
'aera-;
adversity adVysati; ES -'v3S-, -Vs's-
|-fied -jfaid
advert adVs^t, aed-; ES -'v3t, -Va^t; |-ed
-id
aerobic jca'robik, e'robik |-ally -li
advertence ad'vytns, asd-; ES -Vat-, -
vyt-;
aerodrome 'Erajdrom, 'aera-; S 'aera-
|-cy -I |-tent -tnt
aerodynamics ^erodai'naemiks, jaero-, ,
earo-;
advertise, -ize 'aedva^jtaiz, jaedva^'taiz
; ES
S jaero-, ^earo-
-va-; |-s -iz |-d -d
aerology ^ea'raladsi; ES+-'rDl-
advertisement, -tize- ^aedva^'taizmant
ad-
aeromechanic jEromi'kaenik, ^aero-, jcaro-; S
'yytiz-, -tis-; ES jaedva-, -'vst-, -'vyt-
jaero-, jcaro-
advertising, -tiz- n 'aedva^^taizig; ES 'aedva-
aerometer jea'ramata'; ES -'ramata(r.
-'rom-
advice adVais |-s -iz
aeronaut 'trajnat, 'aera-; S 'aera-
advisability adjvaiza'bilati
aeronautic ^era'natik, ^aera-; S ^aera-
advisable adVaizabl j-bly -bh
aeroplane 'eraiplen, 'aera-; S 'aera-
advise adVaiz |-s -iz |-d -d |-dly -idh
aerostat 'era^staet, 'aera-; S 'aera-
advisement ad'vaizmant
aerostatic jcra'staetik, ^aera-; S ^aera-
adviser, -sor adVaiza^; ES -Vaiza(r;
-sory
aerostation jero'ste/an, ^aero-; S ^aero-
-zari
aery 'airy' 'en, 'aeri; S 'aeri
advocacy 'aedvakasi
aery 'nest' 'tri, 'aeri, 'in; S 'aeri, 'in
advocate n 'aedvakit -jket
Aeschines 'eskajniz |-'s -iz
advocate v 'aedvajket |-d -id
Aeschylus 'eskalas |-'s -iz
advowson adVauzn
Aesculapius ^Eskja'lepias |-'s -iz
|-pian
adz, adze aedz |-(e)s -iz |-(e)d -d
-plan
adzuki aed'zuki
Aesop 'isap, 'isap; ES + 'isnp
Aeacus 'iakas |-'s -rz
aesthesia es'Oisa, -31a [-thesis -'Gisis
Aedes e'idiz |-des' -diz
aesthete 'esOiI
aedile 'idail
aesthetic Es'GEtik |-al -I |-ally -li, -ikh
Aegean i'dsian |-geon -Msian
aestheticism Es'GEta^sizam |-thetics -'Getiks
Aegeus myth, 'idsjus, -dsus |-'s -iz
aestival 'estavj, Es'taivl
Aegina iMsaina
aestivate 'estajvet |-d -id |-tion jEsta'vt
/an
aegis 'idsis |-es -iz
aes triplex, A- T- 'iz'traipkks
|full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fs'tJa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while bwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
aestuary
Agag
aestuary '^st/uJEn
affy a'fai |affied a'faid
aetheling 'aeGalir), 'aetfaliQ {OE 'aeS-)
afghan, A- '«fgan, -gaen
/Ethelstan 'aeGal^staen, 'aeSal-, -stan (OE
Afghanistan aef 'gaena,staen, ;aefgaena'staen
'««-)
afield a'fild
Aethiop 'iOijap; ES+-jDp
afire a 'fair; ES a'faia(r
Aethiopia jiOi'opia [-n -n
aflame a 'flam
Aethiopic jiOi'apik, -'opik; ES+-'Dpik
afloat a'flot
aetiology jiti'abdsi; ES+-'d1-
aflutter a'flAta-; ES a'fUtaCr
Aetna 'etna
afoot a'fut
afar a'far; ES 3'fa:(r, E+3'fa:(r
afore a'for, a'far; ES a'foafr, E+a'faafr
affability jaefa'bibti
afore-mentioned a'for'menjand, a'far-; ES
affable 'aefabl |-bly -bh
see afore; (a'fore-jmentioned 'act)
affair a'fer, a'faer; E 3'f£3(r, ES 3'faB3(r
aforesaid a'for^sed, a'far-; ES see afore
affect a'fekt |-ed -id
aforethought a'tor^Oat, a'far-; ES see afore
affectation jaefik'te/an, yaefEk-
aforetime a'forjtaim, a'far-; ES see afore
affection a'fek/an |-ed -d |-ate -it
a fortiori 'cjfor/i'orai, -jfar/i'ar-; ES
affective a'ftktiv, ae'f-
-jfoa/i'orai, E+-jf3a/i'arai
afferent 'aefarant
afoul a'faul
alliance a'faians |-s -iz ]-d -t |-ant -ant
afraid a'fred; S+a'fred
affidavit ^aefa'devit
afreet 'aefrit
afi&liate n, adj a'filiit, -,et
afresh a'frej"
afi&liate v a'fihjet |-d -id
Afric 'aefrik |-a -a |-an -an
affiliation ajfili'e/an
Afrikaans ^aefri'kanz, -'kans
affinity a'finati
Afrikander jsefri'kaenda^; ES -da(r
affirm a'fym; ES a'fsm, a'fym; |-ed -d
Afro- American 'a;froa'm£rakan
affirmable a'fymabl; ES a'fsm-, afem-; |-b]y
aft aeft; E-^aft, aft
-bli
after 'aefta^; ES 'aefta(r, E -h'af-, 'af-
affirmation jsefa^'mejan; ES ^aefa-
afterbirth 'aefta-^bye; ES 'aefta^bsO, 'aefta^bye,
affirmative a'fymotiv; ES a'fsm-, a'fsrn-
E + 'af-, 'af-
affirmatory a'fymajtori, -jIdfi; ES a'fsma-
afterbrain 'jefta^jbren; ES see after
/tori, a'fym-, E+-jt3ri
afterdamp 'aefta-jdaemp; ES see after
affix n 'aefiks |-es -iz
afterdeck 'aefta^jdek; ES see after
affix V a'fiks [-es -iz |-ed -t
after-dinner adj 'asfta^'dina^; ES 'aefta'dina(r,
afflatus o'fletas
E+'af-, 'af-; ('after-^dinner 'mints)
afflict a'fhkt |-ed -id .
aftereffect 'aeftarajfekt; E -i- 'af-, 'af-
affliction a'flikjan |-tive -tiv
afterglow 'aefta^jglo; ES sec after
affluence 'aefluans, -fliu- |-ent -ant
afterimage 'aBft3^;imid3; E + 'af-, 'af-; |-s -iz
afflux 'aefUks |-es -iz
afterlife 'aefta^^laif ; ES sec after
afford a'ford, a'fard; ES a'foad, E+a'faad;
aftermath 'aefta^imaeG; ES see after; |-ths
|-ed -id
-Gs
afforest a'farist, a'far-, a'for- |-ed -id
aftermost 'aefta^jinost, -mast; ES see after
affranchise a'fraent/aiz |-s -iz |-d -d
afternoon ^aefta^'nun; ES see after; ('after^noon
affranchisement a^fraentjizmant
'tea)
affray a'fre |-ed -d
aftertaste 'aefta^^test; ES see after
affricate n 'aefrikit
afterthought 'aefta^^eat; ES see after
affricate v 'aefrijket |-d -id
afterward 'aefta^w^d; ES 'aeftawad, E + 'af-,
affricative a'frikativ
'af-; |-s -z — A dissimilated pron. 'aeftawa-d
affright a 'f rait |-ed -id
is often heard {§121).
affront a'frAnt |-ed -id
Agag 'egasg
Key: See in fidl §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang sa;r| langr}?^ 'aeij-gri
|bath baeO; E ba6 (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wat/, wntj (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
again
ahem
again a 'gen, less freq. or poet, a 'gen
Agincourt 'aedsm,kort, -^kart; ES -jkoat, E-i-
against a'genst, less freq. or poet, a'genst
-jkaat
Agamemnon jaega'memnan, -nan; ES+-
nnn
agio 'aedso, 'aedsiiO {It 'a:dso)
agape a'gep, a'gaep
agiotage 'aedsatids, 'aedsia-
agar 'egar, 'ega', 'agar; ES -ga:(r, -g3(r
agitate 'aedsa,tet |-d -id |-tor -a'; ES -a(r
agar-agar 'egar'egar; ES 'egar'ega:(r
agitation jsedsa'te/an
agaric 'aegarik, a'gaerik
Aglaia a'glea
Agassiz 'aegasi |Agassiz's 'aegasiz
aglet 'aeglit
agate w 'aegit, 'aagat
agley a'glai = agly 'asquint^
agate adv a 'get
aglow a'glo
Agatha 'aegaOa
agly a'glai = agley — in Burns rimed with
agave, A- a'gevi
joy, then pronounced dsai
Agawam 'aeg3,w3m, -jwam, -jwnm
agnat 'aegnaet | agnate 'aegnet
agaze a'gez
Agnes 'aegnis, -nas |-'s -iz
age eds iages 'edsiz \past &° pptc aged e
dsd
Agnew 'aegnju, -niu, -nu
-age unstressed ending -ids, -ads. I
I the
agnostic aeg'nastik; ES + -'nDS-; |-ism
vocab. when only -ids is given, it is
to he
-ta^sizam
understood that many speakers pronounce
Agnus Dei 'aegnas'diai
-ads.
ago a'go
aged 'old' 'edsid, 'of the age of edsd
agog a 'gag, a'gog
agelong 'eds'bg, -'Ing; S+-'lao; ('age
Jong
agonize 'aega^naiz |-s -iz |-d -d
'drift)
agony 'aegani |-ied -d
agency 'edsansi [agent 'edsant
agora 'aegara |-s -z |-rae -^ri
agenda pi a'dsenda \sg agendum a'dsendam
agoraphobia jaegara'fobia
ageratum ^aedsa 'retain
agouti a'guti
Ageratum a'dseratam, jaedsa'retam
agrarian a'grerian, a'grer- |-ism -^izam
agglomerate adj, n a'glamarit, -iret;
ES+
agree a'gri |-d -d |-able -abl |-bly -bh
-'glnm-
agreeability ajgria'bilati
agglomerate v a'glama/ret; ES+-'glDm-
; l-d
Agricola a'grikala
-id
agricultural jaegri'kAltJaral [-ly -i |-ist -ist
agglomeration ajglama'rejan; ES-i--;glDm-
agriculture 'aegrijkAltJa'; ES -t/aCr
agglutinate adj a'ghitnit, -'gliu-, -^et
agriculturist /aegri'kAltJarist
agglutinate v a'glutrijct, -'gliu- j-d -id
-tive
agrimony 'aegrajinoni
-tiv
Agrippa a'gripa
agglutination ajglutn'ejan, -;glm-
agrology a'graladsi; ES+-'grDl-
aggrandize 'aegran^daiz, a'graen- |-s -iz
-d-d
agronomic jaegra'namik; ES + -'nDm-; |-al -I
aggrandizement a'graendizmant
agronomy a'granami; ES-h-'grnn-; [-mist
aggravate 'aegrajvet |-d -id |-tion jaegra'vejan
-mist
aggregate «, adj 'aegrigit, -^get
aground a'graund
aggregate v 'aegri^get |-d -id |-tive -iv
ague 'egju |-d -d |aguing 'egjuig
aggregation i^gri'gejan
Aguecheek 'egju^t/ik
aggregatory 'aegrigaitori, -,tari; S -^tori
aguinaldo, A- iUgi'naldo {Sp ^agi'naldo)
aggress a'gres |-es -iz |-ed -t
ah a
aggression a'gre/an |-sive -siv
aha a'ha, a'ha, 'a'ha
aggressor a'gresa^; ES a'grEsa(r
Ahab 'ehseb
aggrieve a'griv j-d -d |-dly -idli
Ahasuerus ajhaezju'iras, a^haesu- |-'s -iz
aghast a'gaest; E+a'gast, a'gast
Ahaz 'ehaez -'s -iz
agile 'aedsal, 'aedsil |-ly -dsilli, -dsili
ahead a 'bed
agility a'dsilati
ahem a 'hem, 'in^m''m^m £rc.
Ifull ful [tooth tuG [further 'fs^'Sa^; ES 'fstJa
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision
[custom 'kAstani [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Aherne
10
albatross
Aherne a'hyn; ES a'hsn, a'hyn
aisle ail [aisled aild j-less 'aillis
Ahithophel, Ahito- a'hita^fel
Aisne en {Fr £:n)
Ahmed 'amid, 'amed
aitch et/ [aitches 'et/iz [-bone -jbon
ahorse a'hars; ES a'haas
Aix eks [-'s -iz {Fr Eks)
ahorseback a'harsjbaek; ES a'hoas-
Aix-la-Chapelle 'ekslaJae'pEl {Fr Eksla/a'pEl)
Ahoskie a'haski; ES+a'hos-
ajar a'dsar; ES a'dsaifr, E-t-a'd3a:(r
ahoy a'hoi
Ajax 'edsaeks |-'s -iz
ahungered a'hAijga'd; ES -gad
Akbar 'aekbar; ES -ba:(r, E+-ba:(r
Ai 'eai
ake Ho ache^ ek [-d -t
aid ed | aided 'edid
A Kempis a'ksmpis [-'s -iz
Aida a 'Ida
Akenside 'ekin^said, 'ekan-
aide ed
akimbo a'kimbo
aide-de-camp 'edda'kaemp, 'edda'ka {Fr
akin a 'kin
edda'ka)
Akkad 'aekaed
aides-de-camp 'edzda'kaemp, 'edzda'ka {Fr
Akkadian a'kedian, a'kad-
Edda'ka)
Akron 'aekran [-ite -^ait
aiglet 'egbt
a la 'ala, 'ala {Fr ala)
aigrette 'egret, e'gret
Alabama ;aela'baema j-n -n j-mian -mian
Aiken 'ekin, -an
alabamine jaela'baemui, -in
ail el 1 ailed eld |-ment -mant
alabaster 'aela^baesta^; ES -ta(r, E-i--,bas-,
ailanthus, A- e'laenOas -es -iz
-jbas-
Aileen 'elin, 'ai-, e'lin, ai-
a la carte ^ala'kart; ES -'ka:t, E-f--'ka:t;
aileron 'elajtan; ES-h-irDii
{Fr ala'kart)
Ailsa 'elsa, Sc 'elsa
alack a'laek
aim em [aimed emd
alacrity a'laekrati
ain't ent
Aladdin a'laedin, a'laedn
Ainu 'ainu
Alamannic jiela'maemk
air Er, aer; E E3(r, ES aBa(r
alameda ^aela'meda
air-cool 'er^kul, 'aer-; ES see air; |-ed -d
Alanieda ^aela'mida, -'meda {Sp jala'meSa)
air-cooled adj 'sr'kuld, 'aer-; ES see air;
alamo '^la^mo, 'al- {Sp 'alajmo)
('air-jcooled 'motor)
Alamo 'aela^mo
aircraft 'etjkraeft, 'aer-; E 'ea-, 'aea-, -^kraft.
alamode jola'mod, ^aela- {Fr ala'mad)
-jkraft; S 'aea^kraeft
Aland 'aland, 'a-
airdrome 'Er^drom, 'ar-; ES see air
Alarbus a'larbas; ES a'la:b-; [-'s -iz
air-dry 'Er^drai, 'aer-; ES see air; |-ied -d
Alaric 'aelarik
Airedale 'er^del, 'aer-; ES see air
alarm a'larm; ES a'larm, E+a'la:m
airfield 'er/fild, 'aer-; ES see air
alarum a'laeram, a'kram; S a'laeram
airfoil 'Er^fail, 'aer-; ES see air
alary 'elan, 'ael-
airily 'erali, 'aer-, -ili; S 'aer-
alas a'laes; E-f-a'las, a 'las
airplane 'Er^plen, 'aer-; ES see air
Alaska a'laeska -n -n
airport 'Ef/port, 'aer-, -jpart; E 'Eajpoat,
Alastor a'laesta^, -tar; ES -ta(r, -t3a(r
'aea-, -^paat; S 'aeajpoat
alate 'elet [alated 'eletid
airproof 'sr'pruf, 'aer-; ES see air
alb aelb
airship 'Er^Jip, 'aer-; ES see air
Alban 'alban
airsick 'er^sik, 'aer-; ES see air
alban chem. 'aelban
airt Ert, ajrt, ert; E Eat, ES aeat, eat
Albania ael'benia, -nja [-n -n
airtight 'sr'tait, 'aer-; ES see air
Albans 'albanz [-'s -iz
airway 'Er^we, 'aer-; ES see air
Albany 'albani
airy 'Eri, 'aeri; S 'aen
albatross 'aelba^tras, -jtros [-es -iz
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet JEt jsang saeg |angr\' 'aeg'gn
[bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a [far far [watch watj", wot/ (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
albeit
11
Algiers
albeit orbiit
Albemarle ^aelbajmarl; ES -jma:!, E+
-jina:l
Albert 'aelba^t; ES 'aelbat
Alberta ael'byta; ES -'bsta, -'byta
Albigenses jaelbi'dsensiz
albinism Wlbajnizam
albino ael'baino |-binoism -jizam
Albion 'aelbtan, -bjan
Albright blbrait
Albro blbro, cf Aldborough
album 'aelbam, -bm
albumen jel'bjuman, -'bium-
albumin aerbjumin, -'bium- |-ate -it, -^et
albuminoid ael'bjumijnDid, -'bium- |-nose
-jnos I -nous -nas
Albuquerque 'aelba^kyki, jaelba'kyki, -bju-;
ES -3-, -y-
alburnum ael'bynain; ES -'ban-, -'byn-
Alcaeus aersias |-'s -iz
Alcaic ael'ke-ik
alcaide ael'ked {Sp al'kaiSe)
alcalde ael'kaeldi {Sp al'kalde)
Alcatraz 'aelkajtraez, jselks'traez {Am Sp
^alka'tras)
alcazar, A- aerkaeza^; ES -z3(r; {Sp al'kaOar)
Alcestis ael'sEstis |-'s -iz
alchemist 'felkamist |-my -nu
Alcibiades jaelsa'baiajdiz |-'s -iz
Alcides ael'saidiz |-des' -diz
Alcinoiis ael'sinuas |-'s -iz
Alcmene aelkWini
Alcoa ael'koa
alcohol 'aelkajhol, -yhol, -jhal |-ism -jizam
alcohohc jaelks^hahk, -'hnl-, -'hal- |-ally
-li, -ikh
alcoholicity jaelkdbarisati, -hoi-, -hal-
Alcoran jaelko'ran, -'ran
Alcott bikat
alcove 'aelkov
Alcuin 'alkwin
Alcyone aersaiajiii
Alda 'alda
Aldan Pa bldan, Russia al'dan
Aldborough bld^byo, 'al^b-, -a; ES -jbsr-,
-jbAr-, -jby-; Brit bldbara, bib-, -bra
Aldebaran sel'dEbaran
aldehyde 'aeldajhaid
Alden bldin, -dan
alder blda^; ES blda(r
alderman blda^man; ES blda-; [-men -man
aldermanic plda^'maenik; ES plda-
Alderney blda^m; ES bldani
Aldershot blda^ Jat; ES blda Jat, -Jot
Aldine bldain, bldin
Aldington bldigtan
Aldrich bldrit/ |-'s -iz
ale el
aleatory 'eliajtori, -jtari; S -/ton
alee a'li
alehouse 'el^haus |-ses -ziz
Alemannic jaela'maenik
alembic a'lembik
Alenfon a'lensan, -san, -son {Fr ala'so)
Aleppo a'lepo
alert a'l^t; ES a'bt, a'lyt; [ed -id
Alethea ^aela'Gia, aUiOia
Aleut 'aeh/Ut
Aleutian a'lu/an, a'liu-
alewife 'el^waif |-wives -jWaivz
Aleyn 'aelin, -an
Alexander jaebg'zaenda^, jtlig-; ES -'zaenda(r;
|-dra -dra |-dria -dria |-drian -drian |-drine
-drin
Alexas a'leksas |-xas' -ksas
alexin aUeksin
Alexis a'kksis |-xis' -ksis
alfalfa, A- ael'faelfa
Alfonso ael'fanzo, -so; ES+-'fDn-
Alford blfa^d; ES blfad
Alfred 'aeUrid, -frad, -fa^d; ES -frid, -frad,
-fad
Alfreda ael'frida ('Al^freda 'Burroughs)
Alfredian ael'fridian
alfresco ael'fresko
Alfric 'aeUrik
alga 'aelga | algae 'aeldsi
algebra 'aeldsabra
algebraic jaeldsa'bre-ik j-al -1 |-ally -ji, -ikli
algebraist 'aeldsajbre-ist
Algeciras ^aeldsi'siras |-'s -iz {Sp jalxe'Giras)
Alger 'aeld33'; ES 'aeldgaCr
Algeria ael'dsiria j-n -n
Algerine iaeldja'tin
Algernon 'aeldsa^nan; ES 'aeldsa-
algid 'aeldsid
Algiers ael'dsirz; ES -'dsiaz, S+-'d3Eaz;
|full ful Itooth tue [further 'fytSa-; ES 'fstJa [custom jkAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredj [keep 'em 'kipm
Algoi
12
allomorphic
Algol 'aelgal, -gol
all- American bb'tnerakan
Algoma ael'goma
Allan 'aebn
Algona ael'gona
Allardice 'aela^jdais; ES 'asb-; |-'s -iz
Algonkian seVgagkion, -'gng-
all-around 'ab'raund ('all-a, round 'skill)
Algonquian ael'gagkian, -kwian, -'gog-
allay a'le |-ed -d
Algonquin ael'gagkin, -kwin, -'goo-
Allegan 'aebgan
algorism '^elgajrizam |algorithm 'aelgajriiJam
Allegany Md, NY 'aeb^geni
Alhambra ael'haembra
allegation jaeb'ge/an
alias 'elias |-es -iz
allege a'kds |-s -iz |-d -d |-dly -idli
Ali Baba 'aeh'baba, 'ali'baba
Alleghany NC, Va 'aeb^geni
alibi 'aebjbai |-ed -d
Allegheny Pa city, riv., college 'aeb^geni
Alice 'aelis |-'s -iz
allegiance a'lidsans |-s -iz
Alicia a'lijia
allegoric ,xWgorik, -'gar-, -'gor- j-al -I
alien 'eljan, 'eban
|-ally -li, -ikli
Aliena Shak. ^eli'ina
allegorist 'aebjgorist, -igor-, 'aebgarist; S
alienability jcljana'bibti, jclian-
-;gor-, -gar-
alienable 'eljanabl, 'elian-
allegoristic ^aebga'ristik
alienate 'eljanyct, 'elian- |-d -id
allegorize 'aebga^raiz |-s -iz |-d -d
alienation jcljan'ejan, /chon-
allegory 'aeb/gon, -jgari; S -;gori
alienism 'eljaiijizam, 'ehan- |-ist -ist
allegretto ,a2la'greto {It jalle'gretto)
alight adv a'lait
allegro a'legro, a'kgro (// al'le:gro)
alight V a'lait |-ed -id or alit a 'lit
Alleine 'aelin, -an
align 3 'lam |-ed -d
allelomorph a'lib;marf, -'kl-; ES -,maaf
alike a'laik
alleluia ,aela'luja, -'liuja
aliment n 'aebmant
allemande jaeb'maend (Fr al'maid)
aliment v 'ael3jm2nt |-ed -id
Allen 'aelin, -an
alimental ^aela'niEntl |-ly -i
Allenby 'felinbi, -an-
alimentary jaeb'mEntari, -'mEntri
Allentown 'aelin^taun, -an-
ahmentation jaebniEn'te/an
allergic a'lydjik; ES -'bds-, -'lyds-
alimony 'aebjinoni
allergy 'aela^dsi; ES 'aebdsi
ahne a 'lam |-d -d
Allerton 'aela^tan; ES 'aelatan
Aline a'lin
alleviate a'livijCt |-d -id |-tion ajlivi'ej"an
aliquant 'aebkwant Iquot -kwat
alley 'aeli |-ed -d
Aliquippa ^seb'kwipa
Alleyn 'aelm, -an
Alison 'aebsn
Allhallows pl'hasloz, -laz
alit past b' pptc of alight a 'lit
alliance, A- a'laians |-s -iz |-d -t
alive a'laiv
aUied a'laid ('aljlied 'armies)
alizarin a'lizarm j-rine -rin -jfin
Allies 'aelaiz, a'laiz
alkahest 'aelka^hEst
alligator 'aebjgeta'; ES -jgeta(r
alkalescence jaelks'lEsns |-cy -i |-nt -nt
Allingham 'aeligam
alkali 'aelkajai
Allison 'aebsn
alkalify 'aelkab^fai, ael'kaeb- |-fied -^faid
alliterate a'lita,ret |-d -id |-tive -iv
alkaline 'aelka^lain, -lin
alliteration ajbta'rejan, ^aebta-
alkalinity jaelka'linati
allocable 'aebkabl
alkalize 'ajlkajaiz -s -iz |-d -d
allocate 'aeb^ket, 'aelo- |-d -id
alkaloid 'aelkajaid |-al ^aelka'bidj
allocation ,aela'keXan, ,aelo-
Alkoran ^a^lkc'ran, -'rasn
allocution jaeb'kju/an, jaelo-, -'kiu-
allDl
allomorph 'aeb/inarf; ES -^maaf
Allah 'aeb, 'ab
allomorphic jaeb'marfik; ES -'maaf-
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angr>' 'ieg-gri
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |vvatch wat/, wot/ (§12) |jaw d5a |gorge gards |go go
allopath
13
alter
allopath 'aebjpjEG |-tlis -Os
Alne an
allopathic ^aeb'paeOik
Alnmouth 'aelnjmauG, -maO, /oc. + 'elmaG,
allopathist a'lapaGist; ES+-Udp-; j-thy -Gi
'JElmaG
allot a'lat; ES+a'lot; 1-ted -id
Alnwick 'aenik, loc. 'anik
alio trope 'ael3;trop
aloe 'aelo |-s -z
allotropic jsela'trapik; ES+-'trDp-; |-al -1
aloft a'bft, a 'loft
l-ally -h, -ikh
aloha a'loa, a'loha
allotropy a'latrapi; ES+a'lot-
alone a 'Ion
allover n bliOva^; ES -jOV3(r
along a'bg, a'lng; S+a'lag
allover adj bl'ova^; ES -'ov3(r; (an bl'ova^
alongshore a'bgy/or, a'lng-, -j/ar; E -jXoa(r,
wan)
-;X3a(r; S -/Xoa(r, a'lag-
allow a'lau |-ed -d 1-edly -idli
alongside a'bg'said, a'log-; S+a'lag-;
allowable a'lauabl |-bly -bli
(a'long'side it, a'longjside a 'barge)
allowance a'lauans |-s -iz
Alonso, -zo a'lanzo; ES+a'lon-
Alio way 'aela^we
aloof a'luf
alloy n 'aebi, a'bi
aloud a'laud
alloy V a'bi |-ed -d
alow a'lo
all-round bl'raund ('all-around 'help)
Aloysius jselo'isias, -'i/as |-'s -iz
allspice 'al/Spais j-s -iz
alp aelp
Allston 'alstan
alpaca ael'paeka
allude a'lud, a'liud |-d -id
Alpena ael'pina
allure a'lur, a'liur; ES a'luafr, 3'liu3(r;
alpenhorn 'aelpin^harn, -pan-; ES -^haan
l-d-d
alpenstock 'aelpin^stak, -pan-; ES+-jStDk
allusion a'lusan, a'liusan, ae-
alpha, A- 'aelfa
allusive a'lusiv, a'liusiv
alphabet 'aelfa jbet
alluvial a'luvial, a'liuv-, -vjal
alphabetic ^aelfa'betik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
alluvion a'luvian, a'liuv- |-vium -viam ]-via
alphabetize 'aelfaba^taiz -s -iz |-d -d
-via
Alphaeus, -phe- Bib. ael'fias, 'aelf- |-'s -iz
ally n 'aelai, a'lai
Alpheus mod. name 'aelfias, viyth. ael'fias
ally V a'lai [allied a 'laid
Alphonse ael'fanz, -'fonz, -'fanz |-'s -iz {Fr
almagest 'aelmajdjest
al'fo:s)
Alma US 'aelxna, Russia 'alma
Alphonso ael'fanzo, -so; ES+-'fDn-
Alma Mater 'aelma'meta', 'alma'mata^; ES
Alpine 'aelpain, -pin
-ta(r; — The hybrid 'aelma'mata^ is fre-
Alps aelps
quently heard.
already al'redi
almanac 'almajiiaek, 'almanik
alright al'rait
Alma-Tadema 'aelma'taedima
Alsace ael'ses, 'aelsaes |-'s -iz {Fr al'zas)
almighty, A- al'maiti ('al^mighty 'truth)
Alsace-Lorraine 'ael^seslc'ren, -Id-, 'aeljsaes-
Almon 'aelman
Alsatia ael'se/ia, -/a |-tian -/an
almond 'amand, 'aemand — 'aemand, now less
alsike 'aelsaik, 'al-
freq., is preserved by some old families. In
also 'also
NEngd 'aelmand is freq.
Altai ael'tai, ael'te-ai [Altaic ael'te-ik
almoner 'aelmana"^, 'amana'; ES -na(r
Altair ael'ta-ir; ES -ia(r
almonry 'aelmanri, 'amanri
Altamaha pltama'ha
almost al'most, 'aljinost ('done, al'most;
altar 'alta^; ES 'alta(r; |-ed -d
'aljmost 'done)
altarpiece 'alta^^pis; ES 'alta-; [-s -iz
alms amz | -giving -jgivig [-house -^haus
altazimuth aelt'aezamaG
almuce 'aelmjus, -mius |-s -iz
alter 'alta^; ES 'alta(r; |-ed -d [-ing 'altarig.
Aln aeln, loc.+eX, 'alan, ]^\
'altrig
[full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fy'Sa^; ES 'fa'Sa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
alterant
14
ambidexterity
alterant bltarant
Amabel 'aema^bEl
alteration plta're/an |-rative bltajretiv
Amadis 'aemadis |-'s -iz
altercate blta^^ket, 'ael-; ES -ta-
Amador 'aema^dor, -jdar; ES -^doaCr, E+
altercation plta^'ke/an, ^ael-; ES -ta-
-jdaaCr; {Sp iama'tSar)
alter ego 'aelta^'igo, -'£go
amain a 'men
alternant al'tynant, ael-; ES -'t3n-, -'tyn-
Amalek 'aemajek |-ite 'aemala^kait
alternate n, adj blta^nit, 'ael-; ES -ta-; |-ly-Ii,
amalgam a'maelgam
flcc/+ al 'ternate (ly )
amalgamate adj a'malgamit, -^met
alternate v blta^^net, 'ael- ; ES -ta- ; |-d -id
amalgamate v a'maelga^met l-d -id
alternation plta^'nejan, ^ael-; ES -ta-
amalgamation a^maelga'me/an
alternative al'tynativ, ael-; ES -'tsn-, -'tyn-
Amanda a'maenda
alternator blta'jneta^, 'ael-; ES -ta^netaCr
amanita, A- ,aema'naita, -'nita
Altgeld 'altgeld {Ger 'altgelt)
amanuensis a^maenju'ensis |-sis' -sis \pl -nses
Althaea ael'Oia
-'£nslz
althea, A- ael'eia
amaranth 'aemajraenO [-ths -6s
althorn 'aelt^harn; ES -jhaan
amaranthine jaema'raenOin
although, altho ar'So
Amarillo ;aema'rilo
altimeter ael'timata^, 'aeltajinita^; ES -ta(r
amaryllis, A- jaema'rilis |-lises -lisiz
altissimo ael'tisa^mo {It al'tissi^mo)
Amasa 'aemasa
altitude 'aelta^tjud, -jtiud, -jtud
amass a'maes |-es -iz [-ed -t
altitudinal jaelta'tjudnl, -'tiud-, -'tud-
amateur n 'aema^t/ur, -jtiur, -jtur, -t/a^,
Altman 'altman
-ta', jaema'ty; ES 'aemayt/uaCr, -jtiua(r.
alto 'aelto
-jtua(r, -tXa(r, -ta(r, ^aema'taCr, -'ty; {Fr
alto-cumulus jaelto'kjumjalas, -'kium- j-es
ama'toe:r) — see note below
-iz |-li -Jai
amateur adj 'aema^tjur, -jtiur, -jtor, -tja'.
altogether plta'getJa^; ES -'gEtfoir
-ta^; ES 'aemajtXua(r, -jtiua(r, -jtua(r.
Alton 'altn
-tjacr, -ta(r; {Fr ama'toe:r) — Otiier prons.
Altoona ael'tuna
were reported. The 1st, most freq., accords
alto-relievo 'aeltOTi'livo {It -rilievo 'alto-ri-
best with tite habits of English. TJte 2d, 3d,
'IJEIVO)
4th, 6° 5th are normal variations of the 1st.
alto-stratus 'aelto'stretas |-es -iz |-ti -tai
amateurish jaema'tyij", -'tjuri/, -'tiur-, -'tur-;
altruism 'aeltru,izani |-ist -ist
ES+-'t3riX
altruistic jjcltru'istik |-ally -li, -ikli
amative 'aemativ
Altus 'aeltas |-'s -iz
amatory 'aemajtori, -jtari; S -jtori
aludel 'aeljujdel
amaze a'mez |-s -iz |-d -d |-dly -idk
alum 'aelam |-ed -d
Amaziah jaema'zaia
alumina a'lumina, a'liu-
Amazon, a- 'aema^zan, -zn; ES+-jZDn
aluminium jaelja'miniam
Amazonian, a- jaema'zonian
aluminum a'lummam, a'liu- |-nous -nas
ambage 'aembids |-s -iz or as L ambages
alumna a'lAmna |alumnae a'Umni
aem'bedsiz
alumnus a'Umnas [-'s -iz |-ni -nai
ambassador aem'baesada^, am-; ES -da(r
Alva 'aelva
ambassadorial aem^baesa'dorial, am-, -'dar-;
alveolar ael'viala^; ES -'vlala(r
S -'dor-
alveolus ael'vialas |-li -Jai
ambassadress aem'baesadris, am- |-es -iz
alway 'alwe
amber 'aemba^; ES 'aemba(r; |-ed -d
always 'alwiz, 'alwez, 'alwaz; S 'alwez, -wiz
ambergris 'aemba^jgris, -gris; ES 'aemba-
alyssum, A- a'lisam
ambidexter jaemba'deksta-; ES -'deksta(r;
am stressed 'aem, ^aem; tmstr. am, m
|-trous -tras
A.M., a.m. 'e'em
ambidexterity jSembadeks'tErati
Key: See in full §§3-^7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet [sang saeg langn*' 'aeo'gri
|bath bae6; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dja [gorge gards |go go
ambient
15
amort
ambient 'aembiant
Amesbury 'emzjberi, -ban
ambiguity jsembi'gjuati, -'giuati
amethyst 'aemaOist
ambiguous aem'bigjuas
Amfortas Ger am'fartas
ambition aem'bi/an |-tious -/as
Amherst 'aema^st; ES '^emast
ambivalence aem^bivalans |-cy -i |-ent -ant
amiability ^emia'bilati
amble 'aembi |-d -d |-ling ^^embhg, 'jemblig
amiable 'emiabl |-bly -bli
ambler, A- 'aembla^; ES 'aembl3(r
amic 'aemik
Ambleside ^aembl^said
amicability jaemika'bilati
Ambridge 'aembrids |-'s -iz
amicable 'aemikab} |-bly -bh
Ambrose 'aembroz j-'s -iz
amice 'aemis |-s -iz
ambrosia aem'brosia, -33 |-1 -1 |-Uy -li |-n -n
amid prep a 'mid
Ambrosian aem'brozian, -san
amide chem. 'aemaid, 'aemid |-mid -mid
ambrotype 'aembra^taip, -bro-
amidine 'aemi^din, -dm |-din -dm
ambry 'aembri
amido a'mido, 'aemijdo
ambsace ^emzjes, ^aemz- |-s -iz
amidships a'midjips
ambulance 'aembjabns |-s -iz |-d -t |-nt -nt
amidst a 'midst
ambulate 'aembjajet |-d -id
Amiens Shak. 'aemianz, Dublin street 'emjanz.
ambulation jaembja'le/an
Fr city 'aemianz |-'s -iz {Fr a'mja)
ambulatory ^aembjabjton, -/tori; S -jtori
amine a'min |amin 'aemin
ambuscade jaembas'ked |-d -id
amino a'mino
ambush 'aembu/ 1-es -iz |-ed -t
amir a'mir; ES a'mia(r
ameba a'miba |-s -z |-bae -bi |-n -n
amiss a 'mis
amebean jaemi^bian
Amite a'mit
amebic a'mibik [ameboid a'mibaid
amitosis ^iema'tosis
ameer a'mir; ES a'miaCr
amity 'aemati [Amityville 'femati^vil
Amelia a'miija
ammeter 'aem/mita', 'ae^mita^; ES -jmita(r
ameliorate a'miljajret |-d -id
ammine 'aemin
amelioration a/iniljaVe/an
ammino 'aemi^no
amen 'e'men; worship 'e'raen, 'a-; singing
Ammon 'aeman
'a 'men
ammonia a'monja, -nia [-niac a'moni/aek
Amen Egyp god 'aman
ammoniacal ^aema'naiakl
amenable a'minabl, a 'men- |-bly -bk
ammoniate a'moni/Ct |-d -id
Amen Comer 'e^men'Rarna'; ES -'kaana(r
ammonite 'aemajnait
amend a 'mend |-ed -id |-s a'mendz, a'menz
Ammonite 'aeman^ait
amenity a'menati
ammonium a'moniam
ament 'catkin' 'aemant, 'emant
ammunition /aemja'ni/an
ament 'moron' 'emant
amnesia aem'nisia, -3a
amentia e'men/ia, a'menjia
amnesty 'aem^nesti, 'aemnasti
amerce a'mys; ES a'mss, a'mys; j-s -iz 1-d -t
amoeba a'mlba |-s -z |-bae -bl |-n -n
America a'meraka, a'menka |-n -n |-nism
amoebaean ^aemi'bian
-n^izam
amoebic a'mibik [amoeboid a'mibaid
Americana a/mera'kena, -'kaena, -'kana
amok a'mAk, a'mak, a'mnk
Americanize a'merakan^aiz |-s -iz |-d -d
among a'mAg |-st -st, -kst
Americus a'menkas |-'s -iz
amoral e'maral, e'maral, e'mnral
Americus Vespucius a'menkas ves'pju/as.
Amorite 'aemajtait
-'piu-
amorous 'aemaras
Amerigo Vespucci a'merijgo ves'put/i {It
amorphism a'marfizam; ES a'maaf-
, jame'ri:go ves'puttji)
amorphous a'marfas; ES a'maafas
Amerind 'aema^rind |-ian jaema'rindian
amort a 'mart; ES a'maat
Ifull ful [tooth tue [further 'fySa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
amortization
16
anal
amortization jaema-ta'ze/an, ajinart-, -ai'z-;
amylolysis jaemi'labsis; ES-i--UdI-
ES iflema-, a^maat-
amylose 'aemi^bs |amylum 'aemibm
amortize 'aema^^taiz, a'mortaiz; ES 'aema-.
Amyot 'emiat (Fr a'mjo)
a'moa-; |-s -iz |-d -d
Amzi 'aemzai
Amory 'emari
an unstressed an, n ; rarely stressed 'aen,
^aen
Amos 'emas |-'s -iz
ana 'ena, 'ana
Amoskeag jaemas'kEg
-ana -'ena, -'aena, -'ana
amount o'maunt |-ed -id
Anabaptist /asna'baeptist
amour a'mur, ae-; ES -'mu3(r
anabasis, A- a'naebasis |-bases -bajsiz
amour-propre Fr amur'prbpr
anabolism a'naebljizam
Amoy a'mai
anachronism a'naekrajnizam
amperage aem'pirids, 'aenijpirids |-s -iz
anachronistic a^naekra'nistik |-al -1
l-ally
Ampere aem'pir, 'asmpcr; ES -Vi3(r. -pE3(r;
-b, -ikb
(/^r a'p£:r)
anachronous a'naekranas
ampere 'aempir, sem^pir; ES -pi3(r, -V^Cr
anaclinal jsena'klainl
ampersand ^semp^s,xnd, jaempa's'aBnd; ES
anacUtic j^ena'kbtik
-pas-
anacoluthia /aenaka'lu6ia, -'bu6-
amphetamine aem^fetajinin, -mm
anacoluthic jaenaka'luOik, -'bu9- |-ally -b.
amphibian aem'fibian |-bious -bias
-ikb
amphibrach 'aemfijbraek
anacoluthon jSenaka'luOan, -'bu6-, -on,
-an
amphictyon ajm'fiktian |-y -i
anaconda, A- ^aena'kanda; ES+-'kDn-
amphictyonic aem^fikti'anik; ES+-'Dn-
Anacortes ^aena'kartiz, -tez, -tas; ES -
'kaa-;
Amphion asm'faian
I-'S -IZ
amphitheater, -tre ^semiafiht^, -fii3-; ES
Anacostia ^aena'kastia, -'kos-, -'kas-
-t3(r
Anacreon a'n«krian, -^an; ES+-jDn
amphora 'aemfara |-s -z |-rae -^ri
Anacreontic a^naekn'ontik; ES + -'Dntik
ample 'aempl |-r -pla^; ES -pl3(r; |-st -plist
anacrusis ^aena'krusis, -'kriu- j -cruses
-siz
amplification jacmpbfa'keXan
Anadarko jaena'dorko; ES -'da:ko
E+
amplifier 'asmpbjfaia^; ES -,fai'3(r
-'da:ko
amplify 'sempla^fai |-fied -;faid
anadem 'ajnajdem
amphtude 'aempbjtjud, -jtiud, -^tud
anadromous a'naedramas
amply 'iempli
anaemia a'nimia |-mic -nuk
ampulla aem'pAla, -'pub |-s -z |-lae -li
anaerobe aett'ea^rob
amputate 'aempjajtet, 'aempju- |-d -id
anaerobic aenjea'robik, jaenE'robik
amputation jaempja'tejan, -pju-
anaesthesia jaenas'Oisa, -31a
Amritsar Ain'ritsa^; ES -'ritsa(r
anaesthetic jaenas'Oetik |-ally -b, -ikb
Amsterdam US 'aemsta^jdaem, Nelh+ ,xmst2^-
anaesthetist a'nesOatist
Maem; ES -sta-; {Dii jamstar'dam)
anaesthetize a'nesGa^taiz |-s -iz |-d -d
Amstutz 'aemstAts [-es -iz {Ger 'am/tuts)
anaglyph 'aena^gbf
amuck a'mAk
anagoge jaena'godsi j-gogy 'aenajgodgi
amulet 'aemjalit
anagogic ^aena'gadsik; ES-i--'gDd3-;
1-al -!
Amundsen 'amansn, 'amundsn
l-ally -b, -ikb
Amur a'mur; ES a'mua(r
anagram 'aenajgraem
amuse a'mjuz, a'miuz |-s -iz |-d -d |-dly
anagrammatic jaenagra'maetik |-al -j
I-ally
-idli
-h. -ikb
amusive a'mjuziv, a'miuziv
Anaheim 'asnajbaim
Amy 'emi
Anak 'enaek |-s -s |-im 'ana^kim
1-ims
amygdalin a'migdakn |-line -bn, -^lain
'aenajkimz
amyl 'aemil [-ase -i^les |-ene -ijin
anal 'enl |-ly -i
Key: See in full §§3~17. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saerj |angr}' 'aeg-gri
Ibath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far [watch wat/, wotj (§12) |jaw d^o [gorge gards |go go
analects
17
androgen
analects 'aenajkkts [analecta ^aens'lekta
analgesia jaen^erdsizia, -sia |-sic -zik, -sik
analogic (Senl'adsik; ES+-'Dd3-; |-al -1
|-ally -li, -ikli
analogist d'naelsdsist
analogize a'naebjdsaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
analogous a'naelagas
analogue 'aenlpg, -^ag, -jOg
analogy a'naebdsi
analphabetic jaenaelfa'betik |-al -1 |-ally -li,
-ikli
analysable 'aenl^aizabl
analyse 'aenljaiz |-s -iz [-d -d
analysis a'naelasis |-yses -a^siz
analyst 'aenlist
analytic ^aenl'itik |-al -j |-ally -ji, -ikli
analytics ^aenl'itiks
analyzable 'aenl^aizabl
analyze 'aenl^aiz j-s -iz |-d -d
Anam d'naem
Ananias jaena'naias |-'s -iz
anapaest, -pest 'aena^pEst
anapaestic, -pes- jaen3'p£stik |-al -1 |-ally -ji,
-ikli
anaphora a'naefara |-1 -1
anaphoric ^aena'farik, -'far-, -'for- |-al -1
anaphylaxis ^aenafa'laeksis
anaplasty ^xn3,plsesti |-tic ^aena'pl^stik
anarch 'aenark; ES 'aena:k, E+-a:k
anarchic aen'arkik; ES -'a:k-, E+-'a:k-; |-al
-1 l-ally -h, -ikb
anarchism 'aena^jkizam; ES 'aena-
anarchist 'aena'kist; ES 'aenakist; |-chy -ki
anarchistic ^aena^'kistik; ES ^aena-
anastigmatic ^aenastig'maetik, ^aenaestig-,
aen^aes-
anastomosis jaenasta'mosis, ajnaesta- |-moses
-'mosiz
anastrophe a'naestrafi
anathema s'naeOsma
anathematize a'naeOsmSjtaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
Anatolia jaena'toha |-n -n
anatomic jaena'tamik; ES+-'tDm-; |-al -1
l-ally -h, -ikh
anatomist a'naetamist [-my -mi
anatomize a^naetSjinaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
Anaxagoras jaenaeks'aegaras |-'s -iz
ancestor 'aensEsta^; ES -S£st3(r
ancestral aen'sEstral [-ly -i [-try 'ansEstri
ancestress 'aensEstns |-es -iz
Anchises aen'kaisiz, aerj- |-ses' -siz
anchor 'aegka'; ES 'aegkacr; |-ed -d |-ing
'aegkarig, 'aegkrig
anchorage 'aegkaridg, -krid3 |-s -iz
anchoress 'aegkans, -kris j-es -iz
anchoret 'aegkarit, -£t
anchorite 'aegka^rait
anchovy 'aenjt/ovi, 'aentjavi, aen'tjovi
anchusa aen't/uza, -'t/iuza (L aeg'kjuza,
-'km-)
ancien regime Fr fisjse-re'sim
ancient 'en/ant
ancillary 'aensajEn, Brit aen'silari
ancress 'aegkris |-es -iz= anchoress
and usually unstressed: before vowels and. End,
nd ('sno and 'ais, 'bed nd 'arm); before
consonants and often before voioels an ('maen
an 'bist), En, n ('rad n 'gAn, 'fes n 'aiz),
n ('bAta^ n 'egz) ; after p or b often m ('kAp m
'sasa^, 'rAb m 'pahj); after k or g often g
('djaek g 'dsil, 'baeg g 'baegids); stressed
or in pause: before vowels 'aend, ^asnd, or
before consonants 'aen, ^aen. The forms with
-d occ2ir in ordinary speech before vowels
('frl and 'izi) or 1, r, w, bw, j ('yh and 'let),
but those without -d are also common there
('stap an 'it), and are regtdar before other
consonants ('go an 'si, 'trai an 'du it).
Andalusia ^aenda'lusa, -'hu-, -/a |-n -n
Andaman 'aendaman
andante aen'daenti, an'danti {It an'dante)
Andean aen'dian, 'aendian
Andersen 'aenda^sn; ES 'aendasn; j-son -sn
Andes 'aendiz |-des' -diz
andiron 'aend^aia^n, -^airn; ES -yai-an, -^aian
Andorra aen'dara, -'dara, -'dnra
Andover 'aendova^; ES -dova(r; Mass loc.+
'aendava(r
Andrade aen'dradi
Andre 'aendri, 'andre
Andrea del Sarto 'andriadEl'sarto; ES
-'sa:to; (It an'dr£:adel'sarto)
Andreas 'aendrias |-'s -iz
Andrew 'aendru, 'aendriu |-s -z |-s's -ziz
Androcles 'aendrajkliz |-'s -iz
Androclus 'aendraklas |-'s -iz
androgen 'aendradjan, -dsin |-ic ^aendra-
'dsEnik
|full ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fy'Sa'; ES 'fstJa |custom 'kAStam |while hwail |how hau |toj^ tai
|using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish d^f |vision 'visan |Eden 'idn |cradle 'kred} |keep 'em 'kipm
androgynous
18
aniline
androgynous aen'dradsanas ; ES+-'drDd3-
angiosperm 'aendsiOjSpym; ES -^spam.
Andromache aen'dramski; ES+-'drDm-
-iSpym
Andromeda aen'dramida; ES+-'drDm-
angle 'aeggl |-d -d |-ling 'aegglig, 'aegg}ig
Andronicus ^aendra'naikas, S/mk. aen'drani-
angler 'aeggla^; ES 'aeggla(r
kas; ES+-'drDn-; |-'s -iz
Angles 'aegglz
Andros 'aendras, -dras; ES+-drDs; |-'s -iz
Anglesey, -sea 'aegglsi
Androscoggin jjendrs'skagin, -'skog-
angleworm 'aeggljwym; ES -^wam, -^wym
anear a'mr; ES a'niaCr, S+3'nje3(r, a'njiaCr,
Anglia 'aegglia
3'ne3(r
Anglican 'aeggkkan
anecdotal jiemk'dotl ('aneCydotal 'speech)
Anglicism 'aeggbiSizam |-cist -sist
anecdote 'aemk^dot |-d -id [-tage -ids
Anglicize 'aeggla^saiz |-s -iz |-d -d
anecdotic jsenik'datik; ES+-'dDt-; |-al -1
Anglify 'aeggla^fai |-fied -^faid
|-ally -li, -ikh
Anglin 'aegglin
anele a 'nil |-d -d
Anglist 'aegglist j-ics aeg'glistiks
anelectric jaeni'lektrik
Anglo-American 'aeggloa'merakan
anemia a'nimia |-mic -mik
Anglo-Catholic 'aegglo'kaeealik, -'kaeOlik
anemometer jaena'mamata'; ES -'mam3t3(r.
Anglo-CathoLicism 'aeggloka'OalajSizam; ES
-'niDm-
+ -'GdI-
anemometric jaenama'metrik |-al -| |-ally -|i,
Anglo-Egyptian 'aegglo'i'dsip/an
-ikh
Anglo-French 'aegglo'frent/
anemone, A- d'nemajni
Anglo-Indian 'aegglo'indian, -djan
anent a'nEnt
Anglo-Irish 'aegglo'airij
aneroid 'aenajfoid
Anglo-Japanese 'aegglojdsaepa'niz
anesthesia jaenas'Oisa, -31a
Anglomania jaeggla'menia, -glo- |-niac -ni^aek
anesthetic jsenas'Oetik |-ally -li, -ikh
Anglo-Norman 'aegglo'narman; ES -'naaman
anesthetist a'nesOatist
AnglophUe 'aeggla^fail, -glo-
anesthetize a'nesGajtaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
Anglophobe 'aeggla,fob, -glo-
aneurysm, -rism 'aenjajrizam
Anglophobia jaeggla'fobia, -glo-
anew a'nju, a'niu, a'nu
Anglo-Saxon 'aegglo'saeksn j-dom -dam |-ism
anfractuous aen'fraektjuas
-jizam
angary 'aeggari
Angola aeg'gola, aen-
angel, A- 'endsal
Angora aeg'gora, aen-, -'gara, 'aeggara; S
Angela 'aendsala
-'gora, -gara
angelic aen'dsElik |-al -1 j-ally -|i, -ikli
angostura jaeggas'tjcra, -'tiura, -'tura
Angelica aen'dselika
angry 'aeggri |-grily -grak, -gnh
Angelina jaendsa'lina, -'lama
angstrom 'aegstram
Angell 'endsal
anguish 'feggwi/ |-es -iz |-ed -t
Angelo 'aendsajo
angular 'aeggjala^; ES 'aeggjala(r
Angelus 'aendsalas [-es -iz
angularity iaeggja'laerati
anger 'aegga'; ES 'aegga(r; |-ed -d ]-ing
angulate adj 'aeggjaht, -Jet
'aeggarig, 'aeggrig
angulate v 'aeggjajet \-d -id
angerly 'aegga^li; ES 'aeggali
Angus 'aggas |-'s -iz
Angers 'aendsa^z, 'aegga'z; ES -az; |-'s -iz
angustura ^aeggas'tjura, -'tiura, -'tura
(Fr a'se)
anhungered an'hAgga^d; ES -'hAggad
Angevin 'aendjavin
anhydride aen'haidraid, -drid |-drid -drid
Anglers Shak. 'aendsirz; ES 'aendsiaz; ]-'s
anhydrous aen'haidras
-IZ
anil 'aenil
angina aen'dsaina, in medicine often 'aendsina
anile 'aenail, 'enail
angina pectoris aen'dsaina'pEktaris
aniline 'aen{,m, -in |-in -m
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) jrate ret |yet jet |sang saeg | angry 'aeg-gri
Ibath baeO; E baG (§10) |ah a [far far |watch watj", wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gardj [go go
anility
19
Anson ia
anility a'nibti
Anne Arundel 'aen-a'rAndl
animadversion jaen3maedV3<^33n, -VyJ-
; ES
annelid 'aenhd
-'V3-, -Vy-
annex n 'aen£ks|-es -iz |-ation jaentks'ejan
animadvert ^aenamaed'vs't; ES -Vst, -
Vyt;
annex v a 'neks |-es -iz |-ed -t
|-ed -id
Annie 'aeni
animal 'aenami |-ly -i
annihilate a'naiajet |-d -id |-lable -labl
animalcula pi jaena'maelkjala
annihilation ajiiaia'le/an
animalculae pi jaena'maelkjajli
anniversary jaenaVysari, -sri; ES -'v3S-,
animalcule jaena'maelkjul, -kiul
-Vys-
animalculism jaena'maelkjajlizam
anno Domini 'aeno'damajnai; ES+-'dDni-
animalculum jaena'maelkjabm |-la -la
l-lae
annotate 'aenojtet |-d -id |-tion jaeno'te/an
-,li
annotator 'aeno^teta^; ES -/teta(r
animalism 'aenaml/izam
announce a'nauns |-s -iz \-d -t
animality jaens'maelsti
annoy a'nai j-ed -d |-ance -ans |-ances
animate ajy 'aenamit
-ansiz
animate v 'aena^met |-d -id [-tion jaena'me/an
annual 'aenjual, 'aenjul |-ly -i
animism 'aena/inizam | animistic jaena'mistik
annuitant a'nuatant, a'niu-, a'nju- |-ity -ati
animosity jaena'masati; ES+-'mDS-
annul a'nAl j-led -d
animus 'aenamas
annular 'aenjala^; ES -la(r
anion ^aen^aian
annulet 'aenjalit
anise 'aenis
annulus 'aenjalas |-es -iz |-li -^lai
aniseed, anisseed 'aenijsid, ^aeniSjsid
annum 'aenam
anisometric jaenaisa'mgtrik, aen^aisa-
annunciate a'nAn/ijet, -si- |-d -id
anisotropic ^aenaisa'trapik, aeiijaisa-;
ES+
annunciation, A- ajiiAnsi'eJan, -Ji-
-'trnp-; |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
annunciator a^nAnJiiCtSi', -si-; ES -jeta(r
Anita a'nita
Annunzio, d' da'nunzijO {It dan'nuntsjo)
Anjou 'aendsu (Fr a'su)
anociassociation ajnosiajsosi'e/an, -;SoJi-
Ankara 'aegkara, ^agkara
anociation ajnosi'e/an, a^noXi-
ankh aegk
anode 'aenod |-dic aen'adik; ES+-'cdik
ankle 'aegkl |ankled 'aegkld
anodize 'aenojdaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
anklebone 'iegkl^bon, -'bon
anodyne 'aenajdain, 'aeno-
anklet 'asgkbt
anoint a'namt |-ed -id
ankus 'aegkas, Vgka/ 1-es -iz
Anoka a'noka
ankylose 'aegkajos |-s -iz |-d -t
anolyte 'aena^lait
ankylosis ^aegka^losis
anomalism a'namljizam; ES+-'nDm-
anlace 'aenlis, -las |-s -iz
anomalistic ajnaml'istik; ES+-jnDm-; |-al -J
Ann aen
l-ally -h, -ikh
anna, A- 'aena
anomaly a'namali; ES+-'nDm-; |-lous -las
Annabel, -Ue 'aenajbel
anort a 'nan, a'nnn
Annabella ^aena^bela
anonym, -e 'aenajnim |-nymity jaena'nimati
annals 'aenlz | annalist 'aenlist
anonymous a'nanamas; ES+a'nnn-
Annam a^naem
anopheles. A- a'nafajliz; ES+-'nDf-
Annamese jaena'miz
another a'nAtJa-; ES a'nAtSa(r
Annapolis a'naeplis, -plis, -as j-'s -iz
Anschluss Ger 'an/lus
Ann Arbor aen'orba^; ES -'a:ba(r.
E+
Anselm 'aensglm
-'a:ba(r
anserine 'gooselike' 'aensajrain, -rin
annates 'aenits, 'aenets jannat 'aenaet
anserine chem. 'aensajtin, -rin
Anne aen
Anson 'aensn
anneal a 'nil j-ed -d
Ansonia aen'sonia
[full ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fstSa |custom 'kAstam [while hwail |how hau |toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kred} [keep 'em 'kipm
Anstruther
20
anticyclone
Anstruther 'aenstrA'Sa'; ES -tJ3(r
answer 'aensa^; ES 'aens3(r, E+'an-, 'an-;
|-ed -d |-ing -sarii), -sno
answerable 'aensarobj, -sra- |-bly -bli; E see
answer
ant aent
antacid aent'aesid
Antaeus aen'tias |-'s -iz
antagonism aen'taegajnizam |-nist -nist
antagonistic aenjtaega'nistik, jaentaega- \-al -1
1-ally -h, -ikh
antagonize aen'taega^naiz |-s -iz \-d -d
antalkali aent'aelkajlai
antarctic aent'arktik, noto rare -'artik; ES
-'a:-, E+-'a:-; ('antjarctic 'circle)
Antarctica aentWktika; ES -'a:k-, E+-'a:k-
Antares aen'teriz, -'taer-; S.-'taer-; |-es' -iz
ante 'aenti
anteater 'aent^ita^; ES -jit3(r
ante bellum 'aenti'belam
antecede ^aenta'sid |-d -id
antecedence jaenta'sidns |-cy -i |-dent -dnt
antecessor jaenta'sesa^; ES -'sES3(r
antechamber 'aentijtjemba'; ES -jtjembacr
antedate 'aenti^det, jaenti'det [-d -id
antediluvian ^aentidi'luvian, -'huv-
antelope 'aentljop
ante meridiem 'aentimaVidijEm, -'ndiam
antenna apn'tsna |-s -z |-nae -ni
Antenor aen'tina^, -nor; ES -n3(r, -n33(r
antepenult jaenti'pinAlt, -pi'nAlt
antepenultimate jaentipi'nAltamit
anterior aen'tiria'; ES -'tiri-3(r
anteriority jSentiri'Drati, -'ar-, -'nr-
anteroom 'aenti^rum, -jvm
anthelion aent'hiksn, aen'Oihan |-s -z j-lia
-li3 — The 2d is not a spelling pron. Gk
has 6.
anthelmintic jaenGEl'mmtik
anthem 'aenOam — a sp. pron. (OE antefn, ME
antem, 16c anthem with Latinized sp.
oft)
anther 'aenOa^; ES 'aen63(r
anthill 'aent,hil
anthologize aen'Oala^dsaiz; ES+-'eDl-; |-s
-IZ l-d -d
anthology aen'Oaladgi; ES+-'0d1-
Anthony 'aenOani, 'aentani, 'aentni
anthozoan jaenOa'zoan
anthracene 'aenOra^sin
anthracite 'aen6r3,sait
anthracnose aen'Oraeknos
anthrax 'aenGraeks |-es -iz
anthropocentric ^aenBrapo'sentnk
anthropogenesis jaenGrapo 'dssnasis
anthropogenetic jaenGrajpodsa'iiEtik
anthropography jaenGra'pagrafij -'p^g-
anthropoid 'aenGra^paid
anthropological ^aenGrapaUadsikl; ES+
-Uods-; |-ly -i, -ikli
anthropology ^aenGra'paladsi; ES+-'pd1-;
1-gist -dsist
anthropometric ^aenGrapo'mEtnk j-al -1 j-ally
-h, -ikh
anthropometry jaenGra'pamatri; ES+ -'pom-
anthropomorphic jaenGrapo'marfik; ES
-'maaf-; |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli |-phism
-fizam
anthropomorphosis jaenOrapo'marfasis; ES
-'maaf-
anthropomorphous ^aenGrapo'inarfas; ES
-'maafas
anthroponomy ^aenGra'panami; ES + -'pDn-
anthropophagi yaenGra'pafa^dsai; ES+-'pDf-;
1-gite -jdsait |-gous -gas
anti 71 'aentai, 'aenti \-s -z
antiadministration jaentiadjinina'stre/an
antiaircraft jaenti'erjkraft, -'aer-; E -'ea-,
-'aea-, -jkraft, -jkraft; S -'aeajkraeft
antibiosis ^aentibai'osis |-otic -'atik; ES+
-'otik
antibody 'aentiybadi; ES+-jbDdi
antic 'aentik |-ked -t
anticatalyst jaenti'kastlist
anticathode ^aenti'kaeGod
antichlor 'aenti^klor, -^kbr; ES -jkloa(r, E+
-jkba(r
antichrist 'aenti^kraist
anticipant aen'tisapant
anticipate aen'tisa,pet |-d -id j-tive -rv
anticipation aen^tisa'pejan, ^aentisa-
anticipatory aen'tisapajtori, -/tan; S -jtori
anticlastic jaenti'klaestik
anticlerical jaenti'klerikl
anticlimax jienti 'klaimaeks |-es -iz j-ed -t
anticline 'aentijklam |-clinal jaenti'klainl
Anticosti jaenta'kasti, -'kas-, -'kos-
anticj'clone ^aenti'saiklon
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet [sang saeg jangrv^ 'aeg-gri
|bath baeG; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa Igorge gardj [go go
anticyclonic
21
anybody
anticyclonic jaentisai'klanik; ES+-'klDn-;
antirust ^aenti'rAst
|-ally -li, -ikli
antisaloon jaentisa'lun
antidotal 'aenti^dotl, jaenti'dotl j-ly -'dotk
antiscorbutic jaentiskar'bjutik, -'biu-; ES
antidote 'tenti^dot |-d -id
-skaa-
Antietana aen'titam
anti-Semitic jaentisa'mitik |-ally -k, -ikli
antifat jaenti'faet ('anti^fat 'treatment)
anti-Semitism jaenti'sEmajtizam
Antifederalist ^aenti'fsdaralist, -'fsdral-
antisepsis ^aenta 'sepsis
antifreeze ^aenti'friz |-s -iz
antiseptic ^aenta'septik |-ally -ji, -ikh
antigen 'aentadsan -d3in
antisepticize jaenta'septa^saiz |-s -iz |-d -d
Antigone sen'tig3jni
antiserum jaenti'siram
Antigonus aen'tiganas |-'s -iz
antislavery jaenta'slevri, -'slevari
Antigua aen'tiga, aen'tigwa
antisocial jaenti'so/al
anti-imperialism jaenti-im'pirialjizam |-ist- ist
antistrophe aen'tistrafi, -f\
anti-imperialistic ;aenti-im;piri3l'istik
antistrophic ^aenti'strafik, -'strof-; ES-i-
antiknock jsenti'nak; ES+-'nDk
-'strof-; |-ally -Ii, -ikli
antilabor jaenti'leba^; ES -'leb3(r
antitank ^aenti'taegk ('antijtank 'gun)
Antilles sen'tiliz
antithesis aen'tiOasis |-theses -ea^siz
antilogarithm ^aenti'bgajri'Sam, -'lag-, -'lag-
antithetic jaenti'Oetik |-al -1 |-ally -ji, -ikli
an tilynching ^aenti'IintXii]
antitoxic ^ienti'taksik; ES-h-'tok-; |-xin
antimacassar jaentima'kaesa^; ES -'kaES3(r
-ksin
antimask, -sque 'ienti^maesk; E+-jmask,
antitrades 'aenti^tredz
-jmask
antitrust ^aenti'trAst
antimonsoon ysentiman'sun; ES+-mDn-
antitype 'aenta/taip
antimony 'aenta^moni
antitypic ^aenti'tipik |-al -1 |-ally -Ii, -ikli
antimonyl 'aentimajnil
Antium 'aentiam, -Jiam
antinomian, A- jaenti'nomian
antivivisection jaenti,viva'sEkXan j-ist -ist
antinomy aen'tmami
antiwar jaenti'war; ES -'waa(r
Antioch 'aenti^ak; ES+-jDk
antler 'aentla^; ES 'aentla(r; |-ed -d
Antiochus aen'taiakas |-'s -iz
Antoinette jaentwa'net {Fr atwa'nEt)
antipathetic aenjtipa'Oetik ^a^ntipa- |-al -1
Antonia aen'tonia
1-ally -li, -ikli
Antoninus jaenta'nainas |-'s -iz
antipathy agn'tipaOi
Antonio aen'tonijO, -njo
antiperiodic j^entijpiri'adik; ES-h-'od-
Antonius aen'tonias |-'s -iz
antiphlogistic ^aentiflo'dsistik
antonomasia ^aentano'inesa, -51a
Antipholus aen'tifalas j-'s -iz
Antony 'aentam, 'aentni
antiphon 'aenta^fan, -fan; ES+-jfDn
antonym 'aentajnim
antiphonal aen'tifanl |-ly -i | -phony -fani
antonymous aen'tanamas; ES-i--'t»n-
antiphonary aen'tifajnen
antre 'aenta^; ES 'aenta(r
antipodal aen'tipadl
Antrim 'aentrim
antipode 'aenti^pod \pl antipodes aen'tipa^diz
antrum 'aentram
antipodean aen^tipa'dian, ^aentipa-
Antwerp 'aentwyp; ES -wsp, -wyp
antipope 'aenti^pop
anus 'enas |-es -iz j-ni -nai
antiputrid jaenti'pjutrid, -'piu-
anvil 'lenvil |-ed -d
antiquarian jaenti'kwerian, -'kwer-
anxiety aeg'zaiati, aeog'z-
antiquary 'aenti^kweri
anxious 'aegk/as, 'aeg/as
antiquate 'aenta^kwet |-d -id
any 'ehi, unstressed occas. am, ni ('gatni
antique aen'tik ('an^tique 'table)
'bet?)
antiquity aen'tikwati
anybody 'EiUjbadi, -^bAdi, -badi; ES+
antirrhinum, A- iaenti'rainam
-jbadi
[full ful Itooth tuO [further 'fySa^; ES 'fa'Sa |custom 'kAstam [while hwail |how hau |toy tai
|using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij [vision 'visan |Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
anyhow
22
apophthegm
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with n in E and S
anyhow 'enijhau
anyone '£nijWAn, -wan (jeniwan'els)
anything 'enijOiij
anyway 'eni^we |-s -z
anyTvhere 'EiUjhwer, -jhwter; E -jhwe3(r, ES
-jhwae3(r
anywhere else 'enijhwer'Els, -^hwaer-,
anywise 'eni^waiz
Anzac 'aenzaek
A one, A 1 'e'wAn
Aonian e'onian
aorist 'earist
aoristic ^eaVistik l-ally -ji, -ikli
aorta ebrta; ES ebata
apace a'pes
apache 'gangster'' aVf>X> a'paej I-s -iz {Fr
a'paJ")
Apache Indian a'paetji
Apalachee, -chi jaepa'lietji, -tji
Apalachicola jaepajaetji'kola
apanage 'aepanidj |-s -iz j-d -d
apart a'part; ES a'pait, E+a'pa^t
apartment a'partmant; ES a'pait-, E+
a'part-
apartmental apart 'mentl; ES 3pa:t-, E+
3pa:t-
apathetic jaepa'Oetik |-al -1 j-ally -|i, -ikli
apathy 'aepaOi
ape ep |aped ept
apeak a'pik
Apemantus ^aepi'maentas |-'s -iz
Apennines 'aepa^nainz
aperient a'pirisnt
aperiodic ^epiri'adik; ES+-'Dd-; |-ally -li,
-ikli
aperitif Fr aperi'tif
aperitive a'psrativ
aperture 'aepa'tja^; ES 'aepatJaCr; |-d -d
apery 'epari
apetalous e'pstlas
apex 'epeks |-es -iz |apices 'aepi^siz, 'e- j-ed -t
aphaeresis a'ferasis, ae-
aphasia a'fesa, -313
aphelion ae'fihan, a- |-s -z |-lia -ha
apheresis a'ferasis, ae-
aphesis 'aefasis
aphid 'efid, 'aefid
aphis, A- 'efis, 'aefis |-es -iz [aphides 'asfi^diz
aphorism 'aefajnzam |-ist -rist
aphoristic ^aefaVistik |-al -I |-ally -li, -ikh
aphorize 'aefajtaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
aphrodisiac jaefra'dizi^aek
Aphrodite ^aefra'daiti
API 'e;pi'ai, asbsja'sjo fane'tik setemasja-
'nal, c/ 1 P A
apian 'epian
apiarian ,epi'Erian, -W-
apiarist 'epiarist
apiary 'epi;8ri
apical 'aepikl, 'e- 1-ly -i
apices 'aepi^siz, 'e-
apicultural jepi'kAltJaral
apiculture 'epi^kAltJa^; ES -tj"a(r
apiece a 'pis
Apis 'epis
apish 'epi/
aplenty aVlenti
aplomb a'plctni, a'pbm {Fr a'plo)
apocalypse, A- a'pakajips |-s -iz
apocalyptic ajpaka'liptik |-al -1 |-ally -li,
-ikli
apocopate adj a'pakapit, -;pet
apocopate v a'paka^pet |-d -id
apocopation ajpaka'pe/an
apocope a'pakapi, -^pi
apocrypha, A- a'pakrafa ]-l -1 |-lly -li
apodeictic, -deik- ^aepa'daiktik |-al -1 1-allv
-li, -ikli
apodictic ,aepaMiktik |-al -1 j-ally -li, -ikh
apodosis a'padasis |-doses -da,siz
apogee 'aspa^dsi
ApoUinaris a/pala'n£ris, -'naeris, -'nens
Apollo a'palo
ApoUodorus a/pala'doras, -'dor-; S -'dor-;
I-'S -IZ
Apollonius jaepaUonias |-'s -iz
Apollos a'pcilas |-'s -iz
Apollyon a'paljsn
apologetic a^pala'dsstik 1-al -1 j-alh' -Ii,
-ikli
apologia jsepalodsia
apologist a'paladsist \-gy -dsi
apologize a'pala^dsaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
apologue 'aepajag, -}ag, -ilng
apophthegm 'aepa^Oem
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'pi** (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeo'^"
|bath baeO; E ba6 (§10) jah a |far far |watch watj, wntj (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards |go go
apophthegmatic
23
apprehend
Those words below in which the a sound is spell o are often pronounced with r> in E and S
apophthegmatic ^aepaOEg'maetik |-al -1
1-ally
appendectomy jfepan'dektami
-li, -ikh
appendices a'penda^siz
apoplectic jaepa'plsktik |-al -1 |-aUy -li,
-ikh
appendicitis a^penda'saitis
apoplexed 'aepajplekst | apoplexy 'aepa^pleksi
appendix a'pendiks |-es -iz [-dices -da^siz
aport 3 'port, a 'part; ES a'poat, E+a'poat
apperceive ^aepa^'siv; ES jaepa-; |-d -d
aposiopesis jaepa^saia'pisis
apperception jaepa^'sEp/an; ES jaepa-; j-tive
apostasy a'pastasi
-tiv
apostate a'pastet, -tit
appertain ^aepa^'ten; ES jflepa-; |-ed -d
apostatize a'pasta^taiz |-s -iz |-d -d
appetence 'aepatans |-cy -i |-tent -tant
a posteriori 'epas^tin'orai, -br-; S -W-
appetite 'aepajtait -titive -jtaitiv
apostle a'pasl
appetize 'aepa^taiz |-s -iz |-d -d
apostolate a'pastlit, -^et
appetizer 'aepajtaiza'; ES -;taiza(r
apostolic jsepas'talik |-al -\ |-ally -h, -ik
li
Appian 'aepian
apostrophe a'pastrafi
applaud a'pbd j-ed -id |-able -abl |-bly -bli
apostrophize a'pastra^faiz |-s -iz |-d -d
applause a'pbz |-s -iz
apothecary a'paGajkeri
apple 'aepl |-d -d |-ling 'aeplig, 'aephg
apothegm 'aepajOem
applejack 'aepl,d3aek
apothegmatic ^aepaeEg'maetik |-al -1
l-ally
apple pie 'aepl'pai ('apple-^pie 'order)
-li, -ikh
applesauce 'aepjjsas
apotheosis 3jpa6i'osis, ^aepa'Gbsis
Appleton 'aepltan
Appalachia jspa'laet/ia
appUable a'plaiabl |-bly -bli
Appalachian jaepa'laet/ian, -'let/-, -tjan
appliance a'plaians |-s -iz |-ant -ant
Appalachians jaepa'laetjanz, -'let/-, -lanz
applicabihty ^aepbka'bilati
appall, -al a 'pal |-ed, -led -d
applicable 'aeplikabl, a'phk- |-bly -bb
appanage 'aepanids |-s -iz |-d -d
applicant 'aeplakant
Appanoose ^aepa'nus |-'s -iz
application ^aepla'ke/an
apparatus ^tepaVetas, -Vaetas \pl -tuses
-tasiz
applicative 'aepla^ketiv |-tor -ta^; ES -ta(r
\L pi -ratus -'retas
applicatory 'aeplakajtori, -/tan; S -jtori
apparel a'paeral |-ed -d
applied a'plaid |appliedly a'plai-idb
apparent a'paerant, a'per-; S a'paer-
applique jaepli'ke (Fr apli'ke)
apparition jaepaVi/an
apply a'plai [applied a'plaid
apparitor a'paerata^; ES -ta(r
appoint a 'paint |-ed -id |-ive -iv
appeal a'pil |-ed -d |-able -abl
appointee apain'ti, jspain'ti, a'painti
appealability ajpila'bilati
appointor a'pamta^, apain'tar; ES -ta(r.
appear a'pir; ES a'pia(r, S+a'psaCr. a'pj£a(r;
-'t3a(r
l-ed -d
Appomattox ^aepa'maetaks |-'s -iz |-toc -tak
appearance a'pirans; S+a'per-, a'
pJEr-;
apportion a'por/an, a'par-; ES a'poajan, E+
|-S -IZ
a'paa-; |-ed -d |-ing -Janig, -/nig
appeasable a'pizabl |-bly -bh
appose a'poz, ae- |-s -iz |-d -d |-sable -abl
appease a'piz |-s -iz |-d -d
apposite 'aepazit
appellant a'pelant
apposition ^aepa'zi/an
appellate a'p£ht |-tive -iv, -lativ
appositive a'pazativ
appellation jaepa'lejan
appraise a'prez |-s -iz |-d -d |-sal -1
appellee jaepa'li
appreciable a'priXiabl, -/abl j-bly -bh
appellor a'pelar, jaepa'br; ES -aa(r
appreciate a'priji^et |-d -id
append a'pend |-ed -id |-age -ids
-ages
appreciation ajpriji'ejan |-tive a'prijijctiv
-idsiz
appreciatory a'prijiajtori, -jtari; S -jtori
appendant a 'pendant
apprehend jaepri'hend |-ed -id
[fuU ful |tooth tue [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
apprehensible
24
Arblay
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are ojten pronounced, in E with a (farm)
apprehensible jajpri'hEnsabl |-bly -bit
Aquarius a'kwErias, a'kwer- |-'s -iz
apprehension ja^pri'hEnJan |-sive -siv
aquatic a'kwaetik, a'kwat-, a'kwot-
apprentice a'prentis -s -iz |-d -t |-ship -jjip
aquatint 'askwajtint
appressed a'pr^st, ae-
aqua vitae 'aekwa 'vaiti
apprise, -ze Wme' a'praiz j-s -iz j-d -d
aqueduct 'aekwi^dAkt
apprize, -se 'appraise' a'praiz |-s -iz |-d -d
aqueous 'ekwias, 'aek-
approach a'protj |-es -iz |-ed -t
Aquidneck a'kwidnek
approachability ajprotja'bilati
Aquila 'aekwila |-lae -}\--Bible+3^k-wi]9, pcrh.
approachable a'prot/abj
by association with Priscilla {Rom. 16:3).
approbate 'aepra^bet |-d -id |-tion jaspra'bejan
aquiline 'aekwa Jam, -lin
approbatory a'probajtori, -jtori; S -jton
Aquinas a'kwainas |-'s -iz
appropriable a'propriabl
Aquitaine jsekwi'ten [-tania -la
appropriate adj a'propriit
ar ar; ES a:(r
appropriate v a'propn^et [-d -id |-tive -iv
Arab 'aerab, now lessfrcq. 'eraeb
appropriation ajpropri'ejan
Arabella jaera'bela
approve a'pruv |-d -d |-dly -idli |-val -1
arabesque ,aera'bEsk
approximate adj a'praksamit; ES+a'proks-
Arabia a'rebia, -bja |-n -n
approximate v oVraksajinet; ES+a'prnks-;
Arabic, a- 'aerabik
1-d -id
arabis, A- 'aerabis |-es -iz
approximation ajpraksa'me/an; ES+
arable 'aerabl
a^proks-
Araby 'srabi
appurtenance a'ps'tnans; ES a 'pat-, a'pyt-;
Arachne a'raekni
|-s -IZ |-ant -ant
arachnid a'raeknid j-noid -naid
apricot 'eprijkat, 'aep-; ES+-jkDt
Aragon 'aera^gan, -gan; ES+-jgDn; {Sp
April 'epral, 'epril
jara'gan)
a priori 'eprai'orai, -br-; S -'orai
Aral 'eral, 'aeral, 'eral; S 'aeral, 'eral
apriority ^eprai'srati, -'ar-, -'nr-
Aram 'eram, 'Etam, '«ram; S 'eram, 'aeram
apron ^epran, 'epa^n; ES 'epran, 'epan; |-ed
Aramaean, -mean iaera'mian ]-maic -'me-ik
-d — The older pron. 'epa^n, 'epan is by no
Aransas a'raensas |-sas' -sas
means rare, and appears from the L.A. to be
Arapaho, -hoe a'raepajho
very common in NEngd.
Ararat 'aera^raet
apropos ^aepra'po
arbalest, -list 'arbalist; ES 'a:b-
apse aeps lapses 'aepsiz
arbiter 'arbita^; ES 'a:bita(r
apsis 'ajpsis |apsides 'aepsi^diz
arbitrable 'arbatrabl; ES 'a:b-
apt apt
arbitrage 'arbitration' 'orbatrids; ES 'a:b-;
apterous 'aeptaras
1-S -IZ
apteryx 'aepta^nks |-es -iz
arbitrage commerce 'arbatrids, jorba'tras:
aptitude 'aipta,tjud, -^tiud, -jtud
ES 'a:b-, ,a:b-; |-s -iz j-d -d
Apuleius ^aepju'lias |-'s -iz
arbitral 'arbatral; ES 'a:b-
Apulia a'pjulia, a'piuha
arbitrament ar'bitramant; ES a'bit-
aqua 'aekwa, 'e- |-s -z |aquae -wi
arbitrarily 'arba;trerali; ES 'a:b-; csp. if
aqua fortis 'aekwa 'fartis, 'e-; ES -'faatis
emph. jarbi'trarily
aqualon 'aekwajan; ES+-jlDn
arbitrary 'arbajttEri; ES 'a:b-
aquamarine jaekwamaVin
arbitrate 'arbajtret; ES 'a:b-; |-d -id
aquaplane 'aekwa ^plen
arbitration jarba'tre/an; ES lO-.h-
aqua regia 'aekwa 'ridsia, 'e-
arbitrator 'arba,trety; ES 'a:bajtreta(r
aquarium a'kwsnam, a'kwer- |-s -z |-ria
arbitress 'arbatris; ES 'a:b-; j-es -iz
-ria
Arblay, d' 'darble; ES 'darble
Key: See in full §§3—i7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet JEt |sang saeg iangry 'feg-gri
|bath baeO; E baB (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wat/, wot/ (§12) |jaw d^y [gorge gards |go go
arbor
25
arctic
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m)
arbor, A- 'arba^; ES 'a:b3(r; |-ed -d
arboraceous jOrbaVeJos; ES ^arba-
arboreal ar'borial, -'bar-; ES a'borial, E+
-'banal
arborescent ^arba'tEsnt; ES ja:ba-; |-nce
-sns
arboretum jarba'ritam; ES ja:ba-
arboriculture 'arbari^kAltJa'; ES 'a:bari-
jkAltJ'a(r
arborvitae, arbor vitae 'arba^'vaiti; ES
'a:ba-
Arbuckle 'arbAkl; ES 'a:b-
Arbuthnot ar'bAOnat, 'arbaGjnat; ES a:-,
'a:-, -jHDt
arbutus ar'bjutas, -'biu-; ES a:-; [es -iz
arc ark; ES a:k; |arced, arcked arkt; ES a:kt
Arc, Jeanne d' Fr 3a:n'dark
arcade ar'ked; ES a:'ked; |-d -id
Arcadia ar'kedia; ES a'ked-; |-n -n
Arcady 'arkadi; ES 'ark-
arcanum ar'kenam; ES a: 'ken-; |-na -na
arced arkt; ES a:kt
arch art/; ES a:t/; |-es -iz |-ed -t
Archaean ar'kian; ES a:'kian
archaeological jarkia'lad3ikl;ES ^aikia'lads-,
-'lods-; |-ly -i, -ikli
archaeology ^arki'aladsi; ES ^aiki'al-, -'d1-;
I -gist -dsist
archaeopteryx, A- ^arki'aptariks; ES
,a:ki'ap-, -'op-; |-es -iz
Archaeornis ^arki'arnis; ES ^aiki'aanis
archaic ar'ke-ik; ES a:-; |-al -1 |-alty -ji,
-ikh
archaism 'arki,izam, 'arke-; ES 'a:k-
archaistic ^arki'istik, jarke-; ES ^aik-
archaize 'arki^aiz, 'arke-; ES 'a:k-; j-s -iz
1-d-d
archangel, A- 'ark'endsal, -jcndsal; ES 'a:k-
archangelic jarkaen'dgElik; ES ;a:k-; |-al -1
archbishop 'artj'bijap; ES 'a:tj-; ('Arch-
jbishop 'Laud)
archbishopric jartj'bi/aprik ; ES ^art/-
Archbald 'artjbald; ES 'aitj"-; |-bold -bold
archdeacon 'art/'dikan, -^dikan; ES 'aitj-
archdiocese 'artj'daia^sis, -sis; ES 'art/-;
|-S -IZ
archducal jartj'djukl, -'diu-, -'du-; ES
ia:t/-
archduchess 'art/'dAtJis, -jdAtJis; ES 'a:t/-;
|-es -iz
archduchy 'art/'dAtJi; ES 'artj-
archduke 'artj'djuk, -'diuk, -'duk, -^d-; ES
'a:t/-
Archean ar'kian; ES a:'kian
arched art/t; ES aitjt
archenemy 'artj'enami, -jEnami; ES 'a:t/-
archeological jorkia'ladsikl; ES jaikia'lads-,
-'lods-; |-ly -i, -ikli
archeology ^arki'aladsi; ES ^aiki'al-, -'nl-;
I -gist -dgist
Archeozoic jorkia'zo-ik; ES ^aikia-
archer, A- 'art/a' ; ES 'a:tXa(r; |-y -i
archetype 'arka^taip; ES 'a:ka-
archfiend 'art/'find, -jfind; ES 'aitj-
Archibald 'art/a >ald; ES 'aitj-
Archidamus ^arki'demas; ES ^aiki-; |-'s -iz
archidiaconal ,arkidai'aekanl; ES ^arki-
archiepiscopacy ^arkia'piskapasi; ES ^aiki-;
I -pal -pi
Archimedean ^arki'midian, -mi'dian; ES
ja:ki-
Archimedes jarka'midiz; ES ja:k-; |-des'
-diz
archipelagic jarkipa'laedjik; ES ^aiki-
archipelago jarka'pela^go; ES ^aika-
architect 'arka^tEkt; ES 'a:ka-
architectonic jarkitek'tanik;ES ^aikitEk'tan-,
-'tDn-;|-al-ll-ally-li,-ikIi
architectural jarka'tekt/aral; ES ^arka-;
l-ly -I
architecture 'arkajtektJV; ES 'a:kajt£kt/a(r
architrave 'arka^trev; ES 'a:ka-; |-d -d
archival ar'kaivl; ES a:'kaivl
archive 'arkaiv; ES 'a:k-; |-s -z |-d -d
archivist 'arkavist; ES 'a:k-
archivolt 'arkajvolt; ES 'a:ka-
archon 'arkan, -kan; ES 'a:kan, -kon, -kan
archpriest 'artj'prist; ES 'art/-; j-hood -hud
i-ship -Sip
archway 'artj^we; ES 'a:t/-
arcing 'arkig; ES 'arkig
Arcite 'arsait, ar'sait; ES 'a:s-, a:'s-
arcked arkt; ES a:kt; |-cking -kig
Areola ar'kola; ES a:'k-
arctic 'arktik, now rare 'artik; ES 'a:-;
|full ful |tooth tue [further 'fytj*; ES 'faSa |custom 'kAStam |while hwail |how hau [toy tai
)using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fmz |dish dij |vision 'visan |Eden 'idn |cradle 'kredj |keep 'em ^kipm
Arcturus
26
Arlington
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m)
Arcturus ark'tjuras, -%ur-, -'tur-; ES a:k-;
|-'s -iz
arcuate 'arkjuit, -jCt; ES 'a:k-; |-d -^etid
Arden 'ardn; ES 'a:dn
ardent 'ardnt; ES 'a:d-; |-ncy -nsi
Ardmore Wdmor, -mar; ES 'a:dmo3(r,
E+-m33(r
ardor Wda^; ES 'a:d3(r
arduous 'ardsuas; ES 'aids-
are measure £r, aer, ar; E £3(r, ES ae3(r, a:(r
are v stressed 'ar, ;ar; ES 'a:(r, /a:(r; unstr.
a'; ES 3(r; |'re -r; ES -3(r; see we're,
you're, they're
area 'eria, 'eria [-way -jwe
arena a'rina
aren't arnt; ES a:nt
Areopagite jaeri'apajdsait, -jgait; ES+-'dp-
Areopagitic jaerijDpa'dsitik; ES+-;Dp-;
|-a -3
Areopagus ^aeri'apagas; ES+-'dp-; |-'s -iz
Ares 'eriz, 'eHz, 'aeriz; S 'eriz, 'ariz; |-res'
-riz
Arethusa jaeri'Ojuza, -'Oiu-, -'Ou-
argal 'argol' 'argl; ES 'a:g}
argal 'ergo' 'argl; ES 'a:gj — In Shak.'s day
argal wa^ pron. 'aergj aw<^ ergo 'aerga.
argali 'argali; ES 'aigali
argent Wdsant; ES 'ardsant
argental ar'dsEntl; ES ai'dsentl; |-teous
-tias I -tic -tik
argentiferous ^ardsan'tifaras; ES jOidsan-
Argentina ^ardsan'tina; ES ^aidsan-
Argentine 'ardsaiiytm, -jtam; ES 'aids-
argentine 'ardgantin, -jtain; ES 'aids-
Argentinian jardsan'timan; ES jaids-
argentite 'ardsan;tait; ES 'a:ds-
argentous ar'dsentas; ES ai'dsen-
argil 'ardsil; ES 'aidsil
Argive 'ardsaiv; ES 'aidsaiv
Argo 'argo; ES 'a:go
argol 'argl; ES 'atgj
argon 'argan; ES 'a:gan, -gon
Argonaut 'argajnat; ES 'a:ga-
Argonautic jarga'natik; ES ^aiga-
Argonne 'argan; ES 'a:gan, -gnn (Fr ar'gbn)
Argos 'argas, -gas; ES 'a:gas, -gns, -gas;
|-'s -IZ
argosy 'argasi; ES 'a:gasi
argot 'argo, 'argat; ES 'a:g-
argue 'argju; ES 'a:g-; \-d -d
argument 'argjamant; ES 'a:g-
argumental jargja'aientl; ES ]a:g-
argumentation jargjamEn'te/an; ES ,a:g-
argumentative ,argja'm8ntativ; ES ;a:g-
Argus 'argas; ES 'a:g-; |-'s -iz
Argus-eyed 'argas^aid; ES 'a:g-
Argyll, -gyle ar'gail; ES a:'g-; |-shire -Jir,
-JV; ES -Si3(r, -J'a(r
Argyrol 'ardsa/ral, -/ral; ES 'aids-, -^rol
aria 'aria, 'eria, 'aeria; S 'aria, 'aena
Ariadne jaeri'aedni
Arian 'Erian, 'aerian, 'enan; S 'aerian, 'er-
arid 'aerid |-ity a'ridati, ae-
Ariel 'erial, 'erial, 'aerial; S 'erial, 'ar-
Aries 'eriz, 'eriz, 'aeriz, -ri^iz; S 'er-, 'aer-;
|-es' -iz \gen Arietis a'raiatis
aright a 'rait
Ariosto jaeri'asto, -'ds-, -'os- {It jari'asto)
arise a'raiz |-s -iz | arose a'roz | arisen a'nzn
Aristides ^aera'staidiz |-des' -diz
aristocracy jsera'stakrasi; ES+-'stT)k-
aristocrat a'rista^kraet, 'aerista-
aristocratic ajnsta'kraetik, ^aerista- |-al -j
l-ally -h, -ikli
Aristophanes jaera'stafa^niz; ES+-'stDf-
Aristotelian jaerista'tilian, a^rista-, -Ijan
Aristotle 'aerajstatl; ES+-;StDtl
arithmetic n a'ri0majtik
arithmetic adj ^aeriO'metik |-al -1 |-ally -li,
-ikk
arithmetician ajriGma'tiJan, jaeriOma-
Arius 'srias, 'aer-, 'er-, a'raias; S 'aer-, 'er-,
a'raias; |-'s -iz
Arizona jaera'zona |-nan -nan |-nian -man
ark ark; ES a:k; j-ed -t
Arkansan ar'kaenzan; ES a:'k«n-
Arkansas state 'arkan^sa, o.f. ar'kaenzas; riv.
'arkan;Sa, /oc.-f- ar'kaenzas, -z; city in Ark
'arkan^sa, /oc. -i-ar'kaenzas, -z; city in Kan
'arkan;Sa, loc. ar'kaenzas, -z; ES 'aikan^sa,
a:'kaenzas, S-i-'aikin^sa; \poss 'Arkan^sas's
-jsaz |Ar'kansas' -zas
Arkansawyer 'arkanjsaja'; ES 'a:kanjsaja(r
Arkwright 'ark^rait; ES 'a:k-
Arlen 'arlin, -an; ES 'ad-
Arlington 'arligtan; ES 'a:l-
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret [yet jet |sang saeg jangrj' 'aeo'gri
|bath baeO; E bad (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wotj (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards |go go
Arliss
27
Artesius
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E mith a (fa:m)
Arliss 'arhs; ES 'a:l-; j-'s -iz
Arragon 'aerajgan, -gan; ES+-igDn;
(Sp
arm arm; ES a:m; |-ed -d
^ara'gan)
armada, A- ar'mada, -Weda; ES ar'm-
arraign a'ren |-ed -d
armadillo ^arma'dilo; ES ^aima-
arrange a 'rends |-s -iz |-d -d
Armageddon jarm3^g£dn; ES ^arma-
arrant 'aerant
armament Wmamant; ES 'arma-
arras, A- 'aeras |-es -iz {Fr a'rars)
armature 'ormatJV, -jt/ur; ES 'armat/acr.
array a 're |-ed -d
-it/uacr
arrear a'rir; ES a'ria(r, S+a'rea(r; |-s -
z
armchair Wmjt/Er, -jt/aer; E ^a:mjt/E3(r,
arrearage a'ririds |-s -iz
ES -jt/aBa(r; ace/ + 'arm 'chair
arrest a'rest |-ed -id
Armenia ar'minia; ES a'min-; j-n -n
Arrighi a'rigi, a- {It ar'rirgi)
armful 'arm^ful; ES 'a:m-; |-s -z
arris 'aeris |-es -iz
armhole 'arnijhol; ES 'arm-
arrive a'raiv |-d -d |-val -1
Arminian ar'minian; ES a'min-
arrogance 'aeragans |-cy -i |-gant -gant
Arminius ar'minias; ES a'min-; |-'s -iz
arrogate 'aerajget, 'aero- |-d -id
armipotent ar'mipatant; ES a'mip-; [-ence
arrow 'aero, 'aera |-ed -d |-ing 'aerawig
-3ns
arrowhead 'aerOjliEd, 'aera-
armistice Wmastis; ES 'arm-; |-s -iz
arrowroot 'aero^rut, 'aera-, -^rut
Armitage 'armstids; ES 'a:m-; |-'s -iz
arrowy 'aerawi
armlet 'armlit; ES 'arm-
arroyo a'raio
armor 'orma'; ES 'a:m3(r; |-ed -d
arsenal 'arsnal, 'arsnal; ES 'arsnal, 'ari
mal
armor-bearer 'arma^jbera', -^baera'; E 'arma-
arsenate n 'arsn^et, -it; ES 'arsn-
jber3(r, ES -jbaer3(r
arsenate v 'arsn^et; ES 'arsn-; |-d -id
armor-clad 'arma^jklaed; ES 'a: ma-
arsenic n, v 'arsnik, 'arsmk; ES
'ars-;
armorer 'armara^; ES 'a:mara(r
|-ked -t
armorial or'morial, -'mar-; ES a'monal,
arsenic adj ar'senik; ES ar'senik; j-al
-1
E+-'mar-
arsenide 'arsn^aid, -id; ES 'arsn-
Armoric ar'marik, -^mxir-, -'mor-; ES a:'m-;
arsenious ar'sinias; ES a'sin-
|-a -a |-an -an
arsenite 'arsn^ait; ES 'arsn-
armory 'armari; ES 'a:mari
arsine ar'sin; ES a'sin
armpit 'ofmjpit; ES 'arm-
arsis 'arsis; ES 'arsis; |arses -siz
arms armz; ES armz
arson 'arsn; ES 'arsn
Armstrong 'armstrag, -strog; ES 'arm-
arsphenamine jarsftna'min, -'aemin; ES ^ars-
army 'armi; ES 'armi; |-mied -mid
art n art; ES art; |-y -i
arnica 'arnika; ES 'arn-
art V 2 pers: stressed 'art, ^art; ES 'art
, iort;
Arno 'arno; ES 'arno
unstr. art, a't; ES at, at
Arnold 'amid; ES 'amid
Artaxerxes ^arta'zyksiz; ES ^arta'zak-.
,arta-
aroint a'raint
'zyk-; |xes' -ksiz
aroma a'roma
artefact 'arti^faekt; ES 'arti-
Aroostook a'rustuk, /oc.+-tik
Artemidorus ^artami'doras, -'dar-;
ES
arose a'roz
^artami'dor-, E+-'dar-; |-'s -iz
around a'raund
Artemis 'artamis; ES 'art-; |-'s -iz
arouse a'rauz |-s -iz [-d -d |-sal -1
Artemus 'artamas; ES 'art-; |-'s -iz
ARP, A.R.P. 'e.ar'pi; ES 'e^ar'pi
arterial or'tirial; ES a'tir-
arpeggio ar'pedsijO, -djo; ES a'p-
arteriosclerosis ar'tirijoskli'rosis; ES a
tir-
arquebus 'arkwibas; ES 'ark-; |-es -iz
artery 'artari; ES 'artari
arquebusier jorkwibas'ir; ES ja;kwibas'ia(r
artesian ar'tisan; ES ar't-; ('ar^tesian
'well)
arrack 'aerak
Artesius ar'tisas; ES ar't-; |-'s -iz
[full ful |tooth tuG Ifurther 'fytS*; ES 'fstSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail |how hau |toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipni
Arteveld
28
Asia
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (farm)
Arteveld 'art3jV8lt; ES 'arta-
asbestos, -us aes'bestas, aez-
artful 'artfal; ES 'art-; |-ly -i
Asbury 'aez^beri, -ban
Arthabaska ^arOa'baeska; ES ^arOa-
Ascalon sword d° Pal vil. 'aeskajan, -
Inn,
arthritic ar'Gritik; ES a:'eritik; |-al -1
-Ian
arthritis ar'Oraitis; ES a:'6r-; |-tes -tiz
Ascanius a'skenias, ae- |-'s -iz
arthropod 'arGra^pad; ES 'a:6rajpad, -^pod
ascend a'send |-ed -id
Arthur 'arOa^; ES 'a:ea(r; — In the occas. pron.
ascendance, -ence a'sendans |-cy -i |-nt -
nt
'aGa^ the first r is lost by dissimilation
ascension, A- a'sEn/an
{§121).
ascent a 'sent
Arthurian ar'Gjurian, -'Giur-, -'Gur-; ES a'G-
ascertain ^aesa^'ten; ES ^aesa-; |-ed -d
artichoke 'artijtjok; ES 'a:ti-
ascetic a'setik |-al -1 ]-ally -li, -ikh
article 'artikl; ES 'a:ti-; |-d -d |-ling -khg,
asceticism a'sEta^sizam
-khg
Asch, Sholem yolam'aej" {Yiddish '/okm
a/)
articular arHikjala^; ES a'tikjala(r
Ascham, a- 'aeskam
articulate adj ar'tikjalit; ES a'tik-
Asclepias ^s'klipias |-pius -pias |-'s -iz
articulate v ar'tikja,let; ES a'tik-; |-d -id
ascot, A- 'aeskat
articulation ar^tikjaUeJan, ^artikja-; ES
ascribe a'skraib |-d -d
a^tik-, jortik-
Ascue 'aeskju, -kiu
Artie 'arti; ES 'a:ti
Ascutney a'skAtni, loc. often 'skAtni
artifact 'arti.faekt; ES 'a:ti-
asepsis a'sepsis, e-, ae-
artifice 'artafis; ES 'a:ta-; |-s -iz
aseptic a'septik, e-, ae- j-ally -li, -ikli
artificer ar'tifasa^; ES a'tifasa(r
asexual e'ssk/ual, a-, ae- |-ly -i
artificial jarta'fi/al; ES ja:ta-; |-ly -i
Asgard 'aesgard, 'aez-; ES -ga:d
artificiahty jartajfiji'aelati, -fi'Jaelati; ES
ash. A- aej |-es -iz |-ed -t
,a:ta-
ashamed a'/emd |-medly -midli
artillery ar'tilari; ES a'til-; |-rist -rist
Ashanti a'/aenti
artisan 'artazn; ES 'a:tazn; |-ship -jjip
Ashburn 'aefba'n; ES 'aeXban
artist 'artist; ES 'a:tist; |-ry -ri
Ashburnham Mass 'aeJTja^njhaem ; ES -b
an-;
artiste ar'tist; ES ar'tist; {Fr ar'tist)
Engd 'ae/jbynam; ES -^bsn-, -;byn-
artistic ar'tistik; ES a:'tis-; |-al -1 |-ally -li.
Ashburton 'ae/ba^tn; ES 'ae/batn
-ikh
Ashby-de-la-Zouch 'aeJbijdEla'zuJ, -dala
-l-'s
artless 'artlis; ES 'aztlis
-IZ
Artois ar'twa, -'two; ES a:'t-; {Fr ar'twa)
Ashdod '«Jdad; ES+-dDd
arty 'arti; ES 'a:ti
Ashdown 'aej^daun
Arundel Engd, Can Wandj, Siis loc. 'arndl
ashes 'ae/iz | ashen 'ae/an
(Arndle 1788); Md a'rAndl {see Anne
Asheville 'ae/vil; S+-vl
Arundel)
Ashkelon 'ae/ka^lan, -jlon, -Ian
Arveragus ar'veragas; ES a'ver-; |-'s -iz
ashlar, -ler 'aejla^; ES 'ajlair
Arviragus ar'viragas; ES a'vir-; |-'s -iz
Ashmole 'ae/mol |-an aej'molian
Aryan 'erian, 'aer-, 'ar-, -rjan; S 'aer-, 'er-.
Ashokan a'/okan
'ar-
ashore a'/or, a'/ar; ES a'/oa(r, E+a'jDa(r
arytenoid jaeri'tinaid, a'ritnpid
Ashtabula iae/ta'bjula, -'biula
as Rom weight aes | asses 'aesiz
Ashtoreth 'ae/tariG, -jtsG \pl -taroth -
/raG,
as adv, etc: unstressed az, z, s; rarely stressed
-jrnG
'aez, ^aez
Ashuelot 'aejwi;lat; ES+-jDt; /oc. + jaeju'ilat,
Asa 'esa
jae/a'wilat, aej'wilat
asafetida, -foet- jsesa'fetida, aes'fEtida
Asia 'e5a, 'eja |-n -n — 'e5a prevails in
US,
Asaph 'aesaf, 'esaf, 'estef
'eja in Engd.
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jtt |sang saeg |angr>' 'aeg-gri
Ibath baeO; E baQ (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gardj |go go
Asiatic
29
associable
Asiatic jcsi'aetik, jcj- [-al -1 |-ally -h.
-ikh
assail a'sel |-ed -d |-ant -ant
aside a 'said
Assam, ae'saem, 'aesaem
asinine 'aesnjain |-ninity jaesa'ninati
assassin a'saesin |-ate -sn^et |-ated -sn^etid
ask 'neivi' aesk
assassination a^saesn'e/an
ask V ask; E ask, aesk, ask; |-ed -skt.
-st
assault a'salt |-ed -id
askance a'skaens | askant a'skaent
assay n a'se, 'aese
Askelon sword 'aeskajan, -jlon, -Ian
assay v a'se |-ed -d
askew a'skju, a'skiu
assegai 'aesa^gai
Askew 'aeskju, -km
assemblage a'semblids [-s -iz
aslant a 'slaent ; E + a 'slant, a 'slant
assemble a'sembl |-d -d l-Hng a'sEoiblii),
asleep a 'slip
-bhg
aslope a 'slop
assembly a'sembli |-man -man, -^maen l-men
Asmodeus ^aezmo'dias, jaes- |-'s -iz
-man, -^men
asp aesp
assent a'sent [-ed -id
asparagus a'spaeragas
assentation jaesen'te/an
Aspasia aes'pe3ia, -Jia
assenter, -or a'senta^; ES a's£nta(r
aspect 'aespskt — in Shak. ae'sptkt
Asser 'aesa^; ES '£esa(r
aspen 'aespin, -pan
assert a'syt; ES a'sst, a's^t; |-ed -id
asperges, A- a'spydsiz; ES a'sps-, a'spy-
assertion a'sy/an; ES a'ssj-, a'ssj"-; |-tive
aspergillum, A- jaespa^'dsilam; ES ^aespa-; j-s
-tiv |-tory -tan
-z |-la -la
assess a'ses |-es -iz |-ed -t |-or -a^; ES -a(r
asperity aes'perati, a'sp£r-
assessorial jaesa'sorial, -'sar-; S -'sor-
asperse a'spys; ES a'spss, a'spys;
|-s -IZ
asset 'aeset |-s -s
l-d-t
asseverate a'sEva,ret |-d -id
aspersion a'sp^san, -J"an; ES a'sps-, a
spy-
asseveration a^SEva'te/an
aspersorium jasspa^'soriam, -'sar-; ES
^aespa-
assibilate a'sibl^et |-d -id
'sor-, E+-'s3r-; |-s -z |-ria -ria
assibilation ajSibl'e/an
asphalt 'aesfalt, -faelt |-ed -id
assiduity jaesa'djuati, -'dm-, -'du-
asphaltic aes'fDltik, -'faeltik
assiduous a'sidsuas
asplialtum aes'fajltam
assign a 'sain |-ed -d
asphodel 'aesfajdel
assignability a^saina'bilati
asphyxia aes'fiksia [-iate -i^et |-iated -i^etid
assignable a'sainabl |-bly -bli
asphyxiation aesjfiksi'ejan jaesfiksi-
assignat 'aesig^naet {Fr asi'jia)
aspic 'aespik
assignation jaesig'nejan
aspidistra, A- ^aespi'distra
assignee asai'ni, ^aesa'ni, ^aesai-
Aspinwall 'aespin^wal
assigner a'saina^; ES -na(r
aspirant a'spairant, 'aesparant
assignor asai'nar, ^aesa'nar; ES -'naa(r
aspirate n, adj 'aesparit, 'aesprit
assimilability ajSimla'bilati
aspirate v 'aespa^ret |-d -id |-tion ^aespa
re/an
assimilable a'simlabl
aspirator 'aespajteta^; ES -jreta(r
assimilate n a'simht, -^et
aspiratory a'spaira^tori, -/tan; S -jtori
assimilate v a'siml^et |-d -id |-tive -iv
aspire a'spair; ES a'spaia(r; |-d -d
assimilation ajSiml'eJan
aspirin 'aesparin, -prin
assimilatory a'simlajtori, -jtari; S -jton
asquint a'skwint
Assiniboia a^sina'baia
Asquith 'aeskwiG
Assiniboine a'sina^bain
ass 'donkey' aes, 'blockhead' aes, as [-es
-IZ
Assisi a'sizi {It as'si:zi)
assafetida, -foet- ^aesa'fetida, aes'fet-
assist a'sist |-ed -id |-ance -ans |-ant -ant
assagai 'aesajgai
assize a'saiz |-s -iz |-d -d
assai a'sa-i
associable a'sojiabl, -Jabl
]full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fy'Sa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
associate
30
Ate
associate n, adj a'sojiit, -^et
astride a'straid
associate v 3'soJ"i,et |-d -id |-tive -iv
astringe a'strmds |-s -iz |-d -d
association ajsosi'efan, 3iSo/i — It is doubt-
astringency a'strindsansi j-gent -dsant
fid which of tliese prons. prevails.
astrolabe 'aestrajleb
assoil a'soil |-ed -d
astrologer a'stroladsa^; ES a'strcdad3a(r,
assonance 'aesanans |-s -iz [-d -t ]-nant
-'strol-; |-gy -A^i |-gist -dsist
-nant
astrologic jaestra'ladsik; ES+-'lDd3-; |-al -j
assort a'sart; ES a'soat; |-ed -id
l-ally -li, -ikb
assuage a 's weds |-s -iz |-d -d
astronomer a'stranama^^; ES a'stranama(r.
assuasive a'swesiv
-'stron-; |-my -mi
assume a'sum, a'sium, a'sjum |-d -d
astronomic jaestra'namik; ES+-'nDm-; |-al
assumpsit a'sAinpsit
-1 l-aUy -li, -ikh
assumption, A- a'sAmp/an |-tive -tiv
Astrophel 'aestra^fel
assurance a'/urans |-s -iz
astrophotographic 'aestra ^f ota 'grtef ik
assure a'/ur; ES a'Jua(r; |-d -d |-dly -idli
astrophotography jaestrafo'tagrafi, -'tng-
assurgency a'sydsansi; ES a'ssds-, a's^ds-;
astrophysical maestro 'fizikl |-icist -isist
|-ent -ant
astro phj'sics maestro 'fiziks
Assyria a'siria |-n -n
astrosphere 'aestraiSfar;ES-jsfia(r,S+-;sfEa(r
Assyriology ajSiri'aladsi;- ES+-'d1-; [
gist
astrut a'strAt
-dsist
astute a'stjut, -'stmt, -'slut
Astarte aes'tarti; ES -'ta:ti, E+-'ta:ti
Astyanax a'staia^naeks |-'s -iz
astatic e'staetik, a-, ae- |-ally -li, -ikh
Asuncion Am Sp asun'sjon
Astell 'aestl
asunder a'sAnda'; ES a'sAnda(r
aster, A- 'aesta^; ES 'aesta(r
asylum a'sailam |-s -z |-la -la
asterisk 'aesta^risk
asymmetric ^esi'metrik, ,x- |-al -1 |-ally -h.
asterism 'aesta^rizain
-ikh
astern a'styn; ES a'stsn, a'styn
asymmetry e'simitri, se-
asteroid 'aestajraid |-al jaestaVaidl
asymptote 'aesim^tot, 'aesimp-
asthenia aes'Oinia, jaesGa'naia
asymptotic ^aesim'tatik, -simp-; ES+-'tDt-;
asthma 'aezma, 'aesma
l-al -I i-ally -h, -ikh
asthmatic aez'maetik, aes- |-al -1 [-ally
-li.
asynchronous e'sigkranas, ae-, -'sm-
-ikh
asyndeton a'smdatan, -jtan; ES+-itDn
astigmatic ^aestig'tnaetik |-al -1 |-ally
-li.
at stressed 'fet, ^aet; unstr. at, it
-ikh
Atalanta jaetl'aenta
astigmatism a 'stigma ;tizam
at all 'to any degree' a'tal, at'al — In at'al the t
astir a'sts'; ES a'st3(r, a'sty
is 7iot aspirated and is usually voiced. This
astonish a'stam/; ES+-'stDn-; |-es
-iz
is also tlte pron. wlten at all is an ordinary
|-ed -t
prepositional phrase, as in It stops at some
astony a'stani; ES+-'stDn-; |-nied -nid
stations, but not at all. Cf It stops at no
Astor 'aesta^; ES 'aesta(r
small stations at all (a'tal).
Astoria aes'toria, -'tana; S -Horia
atamasco jaeta'maesko
astound a'staund |-ed -id
atar 'aeta^; ES 'aeta(r
astrachan. A- 'aestrakan
Atascosa ^aeta'skosa
astraddle a'str.-«dl
atavic a'taevik |atavism 'aetajVizam
astragal 'aestragl
atavistic jaeta'vistik |-ally -h, -ikh
astrakhan 'aestrakan
ataxia a'taeksia [ataxy a'taeksi
Astrakhan ^aestra'kaen
Atchafalaya a,t/aefa'laia, jtjaefa-, ae^tjaefa-
astral 'aestral |-ly -i
Atchison 'aet/isn
astray a'stre
Ate, ate myth, 'eti, 'eti
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee hi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret lyet ]zi |sang saeg langrs- 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wat/, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards |go go
ate
31
attemper
ate past of eat et — The past tense £t, occas.
Atkins 'aetkinz |-'s -iz |-kinson 'aetkinsn
in cultivated S, is spelt ate in Engd, hut
Atlanta at'laenta, aet-
properly belongs to the old past spelling
atlantean, A- ^aetlaen'tian
form eat (c/ threat, sweat), as does also the
atlantes pi of atlas at'lasntiz, aet-
old past pron. it (c/meat, seat). See eat.
Atlantic at'laentik
-ate unstressed ending -it, -at — In the vocab.
Atlantis at'laentis |-'s -iz
%uhen only the pron. -it is given, it is to be
atlas, A- 'aetlas |-es -iz | atlantes at'laentiz.
understood that many speakers pronounce
aet-
-at, as in gamut ^gaemat. When more or less
atman. A- 'otman
stressed {with or without accent mark), -ate
Atmore 'aetmor, -mar; ES -moa(r, E+
is pronounced -et, as in permeate 'ps'inijet,
-maa(r
mandate 'maendet, oblate 'ablet.
atmosphere 'aetmas^fir; ES -ifia(r, 5+
atelier 'aetlje {Fr ata'lje)
-jfea(r
Athabasca, -ka jaeOa'baeska |-n -n
atmospheric jaetmas'ferik |-al -1 |-ally -h.
athanasia ^aeGa'nesia
-ikh
Athanasian jSeea'nesan
atoll 'aetal, -tnl, a'tal, -'tnl
Athanasius jaeGa'neJias, -/as |-'s -iz
atom 'aetam |-ism -^izam |-y -i
athanasy a'Saenasi
atomic a'tamik, ae-; ES+-'tDm-; |-al -I |-ally
Athapascan jaeOa'paeskan
-h, -ikh
atheism 'eOijizam [atheist 'eGiist
atomicity jaeta'misati
atheistic ^eOi'istik |-al -1 |-ally -ji, -ikli
atomization jaetama'zejan, -ai'z-
atheHng 'aeealiij, 'aetSaliij (0£ 'aeS-)
atomize 'aetanijaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
Athelstan 'aeGal^staen, 'aetJal-, -stan (OE 'aeS-)
atonal e'tonl, ae- |-ly -i |-ity ^eto'iiaelati
Athena a'Gina | Athene a'Gini
atone a 'ton |-d -d
athenaeum, A-, -neum jaeGa'niam
atonic a'tanik, e-, ae-; ES+-'tDn-
Athenian a'Ginian
atonicity ^aeta'nisati, jC-, -to'n-
Athens 'aeGinz, -anz |-'s -iz jiVF + 'eG-
atony '«tani
Atherton 'aeGa^tan; ES 'aeGatan
atop a 'tap; ES+a'top
athirst a'Gyst; ES a'Gast, a'Gyst
atrabilious jaetra'biljas
athlete 'aeGlit
Atreus 'etrus, -trius, 'etri-as |-'s -iz
athletic aeG'letik |-s -s |-ally -li, -ikh
atrip a 'trip
Athlone aeG'lon
atrium 'etriam |-s -z |-ria -ria
Athol Mass 'aeGal, -6d1, -Gal
atrocious a'tro/as
AthoU, -ole Scotl 'aeGal
atrocity a'trasati; ES+-'trDS-
at home, at-home at'hom — The pron. a'tom.
atrophy 'aetrafi |-phied -fid
freq. in Engd, is rare in US.
atropine 'aetra;pin, -pin |-pin -pin
Athos 'aeGas, 'e-, -Gns
Atropos 'astra^pas; ES+-iPDs; |-'s -iz
athwart a'Gwart; ES a'Gwaat; |-ship -/ip
attach a'taetj |-es -iz |-ed -t
atilt a'tilt
attache ^aeta'/e, a'tae/e {Fr ata'/e)
atingle a'tiggl
attack a'taek |-ed -t
-ative ending -]etiv, -ativ, as in cumulative.
attain a 'ten |-ed -d
operative, etc. When tJie main accent is on
attainable a'tenabl |-bility a^tena'bilati '
the second syllable before -ative, there is
attainder a'tenda^; ES a'tenda(r
usually a secondary accent on the -a- of
attaint a 'tent |-ed -id
-ative (in'i-tija-tive I'mJ-ije-tiv); but in
attainture a'tentja'; ES a'tentJaCr
familiar words some speakers often pro-
Attala Miss 'aetla |Attalla Ala a'taela
nounce -ative without accent (-ativ), as
attar 'aet*; ES 'aetacr
I'ni/iativ, WJten only -^etiv is given, -ativ
attemper a'tempa^; ES -pa(r; |-ed -d |-ing
is to be understood as a possible variant.
a'temparig, a'temprig
|full ful |tooth tuG Ifurther 'fytJa'; ES 'faSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredj [keep 'em 'kipm
attempt
32
au revoir
attempt a'tempt |-ed -id
attend a'tend (-ed -id |-ance -ans |-ant
-ant
attent 3't2nt
attention 3't€nX3n |-tive -tiv
attenuate adj a'tenjuit
attenuate v a'tenjujct ]-d -id
attenuation ajtenju'e/an
Atterbury 'aeta^jberi, -ban; ES 'aeta-
attest a'test |-ed -id |-ation jaetes'tejan
attic 'aetik
Attic 'aetik |-a -a |-ism 'aetijSizam
Attila 'aetja
attire a'tair; ES a'taia(r; |-d -d
attitude 'aeta,tjud, -^tiud, -^tud
attitudinize jaeta'tjudn^aiz, -'tiud-, -'tud- |-s
-iz |-d -d
Atlee 'aeth, 'aetli
Attleboro 'aetjjbyo, -a; ES -^bsr-, -jbAr-,
-jby-
attorn a'tyn; ES a'tsn, a'tyn; |-ed -d
attorney a'tyni; ES a'tsni, a'ts^ni
attract a'traskt |-ed -id
attractability a;traekta'bilati
attraction a'traekjan |-tive -tiv
attribute n 'aetra^bjut, -^biut
attribute v a'tribjut |-d -bjatid |-tive -bjativ
attribution jaetra'bju/an, -'biu-
at trite adj a 'trait |-d -id
attrition a'tri/an, ae-
attune a'tjun, a'tiun, a'tun |-d -d
atwain a'twen
Atwater 'aet^wata^, -jwata', -jwota", ES -ta(r
atypic e'tipik, ae- |-al -1 |-ally - ji, -ikli
au Fr o
Aubrey, -bry 'abri
auburn, A- 'aba^n; ES 'aban
Auckland bkland
auction 'ak/an |-ed -d
auctioneer pk/an'ir; ES -'ia(r, S+-'Ea(r
audacious a'dejas |-dacity a'daesati
audibility pda'bilati
audible bdabl |-bly -bk
audience 'adians, -djans |-s -iz |-ent -diant
audile 'adil
audio 'adijO |audiogram 'adiajgraem
audiometer pdi'amata^; ES -'amata(r, -'nm-
audiphone. A- bda^fon
audit 'adit |-ed -id |-or -a^; ES -a(r
audition a'di/an |-ed -d |-ing -Janig, -Jnig
auditorium pda'toriam, -'tar-; S -'tor-
auditory 'adajtori, -jtari; S -jton
Audley 'adh
Audrey 'adri
Audubon 'ada^ban; ES+'^bon
Auer 'au*; ES 'au-aCr
au fait o'fe {Fr o'fe)
Aufidius a'fidias |-'s -iz
auf Wiedersehen Ger auf 'vi:darjze:an
Augeas a'dsias |-'s -iz |-gean -'dsian
augend 'ad3End
auger 'aga^; ES 'aga(r
aught at
Auglaize a'glez |-'s -iz
augment n 'agment
augment v ag'ment |-ed -id |-ative -ativ
augmenter ag'tnenta^; ES -'m£nta(r
au gratin o'gratn, o'graetn, -tin {Fr ogra'ta)
Augsburg 'agzbyg; ES -bsg, -byg; {Ger
'auksburk)
augur 'aga^; ES 'aga(r; |-ed -d |-ing -gang,
-grig
augury 'agjari
august a'gAst ('au^gust 'office)
August 'agast
Augusta a'gAsta, a'gAs- |-tan -tan
Augustine saint 'agas^tin, a'gAstin, a-; isl.
Alas 'agastin
Augustinian pgas'timan
Augustus a'gAstas, a'gAs- |-'s -iz
au jus Fr o'sy
auk ak |-let -bt
auld aid
Aulis 'abs |-'s -iz
Ault alt
Aumerle a'myl; ES a'msl, a'myl
au naturel Fr onaty'rel
aunt fent; E ant, ant, aent — Sporadic in-
stances of ant, ant occur in tlie N and S.
aura 'ara |-s -z j-rae -ri
aural 'aral |-ly -i
Aurangzeb 'atAg'zeb
aureate adj 'ariit, -^et
aureate v 'ari^et |-d -id
Aurelia a 'r ilia, -Ija |-n -n
Aurelius a'rihas |-'s -iz
aureole 'ari,ol |-d -d
au revoir jora'var; ES -'vaa(r; {Fr ora'vwatr)
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret [j^et jet |sang saeg jangry 'aeg-gri
|bath baeG; E baO (§10) |ah a [far far |\vatch watj", wotj (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
auric
33
autonomist
auric brik
auricle brikl
auricular o'rikjala^; ES -l3(r
auriculate adj a'rikjalit |-lated -Jetid
auriferous o'rifaras
Auriga a'raiga \gen Aurigae a'raidsi
Aurignacian prig'ne/an
aurist 'arist
aurochs braks; ES+-Dks
aurora, A- a'rora, 9-, -'rara; S -Vera; |-s -z
|-rae -ri
aurora australis o'rora 3s'trelis, a-, -'rora; S
-Vera
aurora borealis aVora jbon'aelis, a-, -'rara
jbari-, -'elis; S -'rora /bori-
auroral D'roral, a-, -'roral; S -Voral; |-ly -i
aurorean a'rorian, a-, -'rar-; S -Vor-
Aurorian o'rorian, -'rar-; S -Vor-
aurum bram |aurous bras
Aurungzeb, -ebe brAg'zeb, -'zib
Ausable, Au Sable o'sebl ('Au^sable 'Chasm)
auscultate bskal^tet |-d -id
auscultation pskal'tejan
Auslander bsjlaenda^, 'aus-; ES -jlaenda(r
Ausonia a 'soma |-n -n
auspex bspeks \pl auspices bspi^siz
auspice bspis |-s -iz
auspicial a'spijal |-cious -/as
Austen bstin, -tan
Auster bsta^; ES bsta(r
austere a'stir; ES 3's{ia(r, S+a'st8a(r
austerity a'sterati
Auster litz bsta^Jits; ES bsta-; |-'s -iz {Gcr
'austar-)
Austin bstin, -tan
austral bstral
Australasia pstral'esa, -/a |-n -n
Australia a'strelja |-n -n
Austrasia a'stresa, -/a |-n -n
Austria bstria ]-n -n
Austria-Hungary bstria 'hAggari
Austro-Hungarian bstrohAg'gerian, -'ger-
Austronesian pstro'nisan, -/an
autarch btark; ES -ta:k, E+-ta:k; |-y -i
autarchic a'tarkik; ES a'ta:k-, E+a'tark-;
l-al -I
autarky btarki; ES -ta:ki, E+-ta:ki; |-kist
-kist
authentic a'Oentik [-al -1 |-ally -li |-icly -ikh
authenticate a'6£ntijket |-d -id
authentication ajOEnti'keXan, pOenti-
authenticity pOan'tisati, -Gen-
author bGa^; ES bGa(r; |-ess -is | -esses -isiz
authoritarian ajOara'terian, ajGar-, ajGor-,
-'ter- |-ism -^izam
authoritative a'Gara;tetiv, a 'Gar-, a'Gnr-
authority a'Garati, a 'Gar-, a'Gor-
authorization pGara'ze/an, -ai'z-
authorize 'aGa^raiz |-s -iz |-d -d
autism 'atizam |-ist -ist |-tistic a'tistik
auto 'ato
autobiographic iata^baia'graefik |-al -1 |-ally
-h, -ikh
autobiography ptabai'agrafi, -bi-, -'og-
autochthon a'takGan; ES-h-'tok-; |-s -z
|-es -iiz
autochthonous a'takGanas; ES+-'tDk-
autoclave 'ata^klev |-d -d
autocracy a'takrasi; ES-h-'tok-
autocrat 'ata^kraet
autocratic pta'kraetik |-al -I |-ally -|i, -ikli
auto-da-fe ptoda'fe \pl autos- ptoz-
autogenous a'tadsanas; ES-^-'tods-
autogiro, A- pto'dsairo
autograph 'atajgraef ; E-i--jgraf, -^graf
autographic pta'graefik |-al -I |-ally -ji,
-ikh
autography a'tagrafi, -'tog-
autogyro, A- pto'dsairo
autohypnosis ptohip'nosis
autoinfection pto'in'fekjan
autointoxication pto-injtaksa'kejan; ES+
-jtnk-
Autolycus a'talakas; ES-h-'tol-; j-'s -iz
automat 'ata^maet
automata a'tamata; ES-i- -'torn-
automatic pta'maetik |-al -1 j-ally -li, -ikli
automatism a'tamajtizam; ES-h-'tom-
automaton a'tama^tan, -tan; ES-f-a'toma-
jton, -tan; |-s -z |-ta -ta
automobile adj pta 'mobil
automobile n 'atamajbil, pta'mobil, ptama-
'bU
automotive pta'motiv
autonomic pta'namik; ES4--'noin-; ]-al -1
l-ally -h, -ikh
autonomist a'tanamist; ES+-'ton-; |-mous
-mas I -my -mi
|fuU ful Itooth tuG [further 'fy'Sa^; ES 'fsSa
|using 'juzirj [fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dif [vision
[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
autopsy
.34
axle
autopsy btapsi, 'otapsi; ES+ -top-
avoid a'vaid [-ed -id [-ance -ns
autos-da-fe pi ptozda'fe
avoirdupois jaeva'-da'paiz; ES ^aeva-
autosuggestion ptasag'dsestjan, -sa'dses-
Avon 'evan, 'aevan, Warmckshire 'evan,
autumn btam |-al o'tAmni |-ally o'tAmnji
ScoU 'evan, an
Auvergne o'vyn; ES oVsn, o'vyn; {Fr
Avon Lake, Avon Park 'evan, -on
o'v£rji, 3-)
avoset 'aevajSEt
aux Fr o
avouch a'vautj |-es -iz |-ed -t
auxiliary Dg'ziljari, -'zibri, -'zibiCri
avow a'vau |-ed -d |-al -al |-edly -idli
avail a'vel |-ed -d
avuncular a'vAgkjala-; ES -jala(r; |-late -lit
availability a^veb'bilati
await a 'wet |-ed -id
available aVelabl |-bly -bh
awake a'wek \past awoke a'wok or awaked
avalanche 'aevljaentj; E+-jantX, -iOntJ; |-s
a'wekt \pptc awaked a'wekt or awoke
-iz |-d -t
a'wok
Avalon, -Uon 'aBvl,an, -^on {Fr ava'lo)
awaken a'wekan |-ed -d |-ing -kamg, -knig
avarice 'aevaris, 'aevris |-cious jaeva'rijas
award a'ward; ES a'waad; |-ed -id
avast a'vaest; E+aVast, a Vast
aware a'wer, a'war; E a'wEa(r, ES a'waea(r
avatar jaeva'tar; ES -'ta:(r, E+-'ta:(r
awash a'waj, a'wa/, a 'wo/
avaunt a'vant, aVont, a'vant
away a 'we
ave, A- 'evi, 'ave
awe a |-d -d
Avebury, Abury 'eban, Vv^beri, -ban
aweary a'wiri, a'win; S+a'weri
Ave Maria 'avimaVia
awedness 'adnis
Ave Maria Lane Land 'evimajraia'len
aweful 'aful |-ly -i
Ave Mary 'evi'meri, -'meiri, -'men, -Wan
aweigh a 'we
avenge a 'vends |-s -iz j-d -d
aweless 'alis |awelessness 'alisnis
avens 'aevinz, -anz |-es -iz
awesome 'asam
Aventine 'aevan^tam, -tin
awful 'impressive' 'aful |-ly -i
aventurine, -in a'ventjarin
awful 'great,' 'ugly' hi] \-\y 'af li, 'afli
avenue 'aevaiHu, -{aiu, -fl\\x
awheel a'hwil
aver 'assert' a'vy; ES aV3(r, a'vy; |-red -d
awhile a 'h wail
aver 'horse' 'eva^; ES 'eva(r
awkward 'akwa^d; ES 'akwad
average 'aevrids, 'aevaridj |-s -iz |-d -d
awl al
Avernus a'vynas; ES a'vs-, a'vy-; |-'s -iz
awless 'alls lawlessness 'alisnis
averse aVys; ES a'vss, aV^s
awlless 'allis
aversion aV^san, -Jan; ES aVs-, a'vy-
awn an |-ed -d
avert aVyt; ES a'vst, aVyt; |-ed -id
awning 'anig
Avery 'evari, 'evri
awoke a'wok [awoken arch, a'wokan
Aves pi of Avis 'eviz
awork a'wyk; ES a'wsk, a'wyk
Avesta a 'vesta
awry a'rai
avian 'evian
ax, axe aeks [axes 'aeksiz |axed «kst
aviary 'evi^eri
axes pi of axis 'aeksiz
aviate 'evijet, 'aev- |-d -id |-tor -a^; ES -a(r
axial 'aeksial |-Iy -i
aviation jevi'e/an, ^aevi-
axil 'aeksil jaxile 'aeksil, -ail
aviculture 'evijkAltJa^; ES -jkAlt/aCr
axilla aek'sila |-s -z |-lae -li
avid 'aevid | avidity a'vidati
axillary 'aeksajleri
Avignon a'vinja, a'vinjan {Fr avi'jio)
axiom '^eksiam
Avoca a'voka
axiomatic ^aeksia'maetik |-al -1 |-ally -Ji,
avocado jQva'kado, jaeva-
-ikli
avocation jaeva'ke/an, jsevo-
axis 'aeksis |axes 'aeksiz
avocet 'aevajset
axle 'aeksl |-d -d
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret Ij^et jet |sang saeg [angrj^ 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E ba8 (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wat/, wotj (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards |go go
axletree
35
backswept
axletree 'aeksljtri, -tri
Axminster 'aeksjininsto; ES -jminst3(r
axolotl 'aeksajatl; ES+-jlDtl
ay intj 'alas!' e
ay, aye 'always' e — ay is the better spelling
ayah ^aja
Aydelotte 'edl^at; ES+'^nt
Ayden 'edn
aye, ay 'yes' ai — aye is the better spelling
Ayer er, jer; E £3(r, ES ae3(r
Aylesbury 'elz,beri, -ban
Aylmer 'elma^; ES 'elm3(r
Ayr ET, aer; E e3(r, ES ae3(r
Ayres erz, aerz; E eaz, ES aeaz; |-'s -iz
Ayrshire 'erjir, W-, -JV; E 'eaJiaCr, -fait,
ES 'aea-
Ayscough, -cue 'aeskju, 'es-, -kiu
Ayton, Aytoun 'etn
Azalea a'zeha |azalea a^zelja
Azazel a^zezal, 'aezsjzel
Azerbaijan jaza^bai'dsan, ^aeza'-; ES -za-
azimuth 'aezamaO |-al jaezs'mAOal
azine 'aezin, -in |-in -in
Azof 'azaf, -znf
azoic a'zo'ik
azole 'aezol, a'zol
Azores a'zorz, 'ezorz, -orz; ES -oaz, E+
-33Z
azorite 'aeza^rait
azote 'aezot, a'zot
azoth 'sEzaG, -d6
Azov 'azaf, -znf, 'ezav, 'ezov
Azrael 'aezrial
Aztec 'aeztek |-an -an
azure 'aesa^, 'esa^; ES -33(r; |-d -d
azurine 'ae53rin, -^ain
azurite 'ae33jrait
Azusa aWsd
B
B, b letter bl \pl B's, Bs, pass B's biz
Bacheller 'baet/ala^, 'b^tjla-; ES -la(r
baa bae:, ba:, ba: \3 sg baaes, pi n baas -z
bachelor 'baetjala^, 'bjetjla ; ES -la(r
|-ed -d |-ing -ig
Bachman 'baekman, 'bak- {Ger 'baxman)
Baal 'beal, bel
bacillary 'baesljEri, 'baesij-
babbitt, B- 'baebit |-ed -id
bacillus ba'silas |-U -lai
babble 'baebl |-d -d |-ling 'baeblii}, -blig
back baek |-ed -t |-ache -^ek
babe beb
backbite 'baekjbait |-bit -jbit |-bitten -/bitn
Babel 'bebl, 'baebl
backbone 'baek'bon, -jbon |-d -d
Bab el Mandeb 'baebjel'maendeb, 'babjEl-
backfire n 'baek^fair; ES -jfaia(r
'man-
backfire v 'baekjfair, -'fair; ES -aia(r; i-d -d
baboo, babu 'babu
backgammon 'baek^gaeman, jbaek'gaeman
baboon bae 'bun, ba'bun
background 'baekjgraund
baby 'bebi |-bied -bid
backhand 'baek'haend, -^haend l-ed -id
Babylon 'baeblan
('backihand(ed) 'stroke)
Babylonia jbaebl'onia, -nja ]-n -n
backlash 'baekjlae/ |-es -iz |-ed -t
baccalaureate jbaeka'briit
backlog 'biekibg, -ilag, -Jng
baccarat, -ra ^baeka'ta, 'baeka^ra {Fr baka'ra)
backset 'baekjS£t
Bacchae 'baeki
backslide 'baek^slaid, 'baek'slaid [slid -jslid.
bacchanal 'baekanl, -^nael
-'slid l-slidden -jslidn, -'slidn
Bacchanalia, b- jbaeka'neka, -Ija [-n -n
backspace 'baek^spes |-s -iz |-d -t
bacchant 'baekant |-s -s |-es ba'kaentiz, bae-
backspin 'baekjspin
bacchante ba'kaenti, -'kaent, bae-, 'baekant
backstage adv 'baek'steds, adj 'baekjSteds
Bacchic, b- 'baekik |-al -1
backstay 'baek^ste |-ed -d
Bacchus 'baekas j-'s -iz
backstroke 'baek^strok
Bach bak, box {Ger bax)
backswept 'baek^swept
|fuU ful |tooth tu9 [further 'fs^tJa^; ES 'fstia [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzio [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
backward
36
Balearic
backward 'biekwa^d; ES -wad; |-s -z
Bagworthy Lorna Doone 'baedsan
backwash 'baekjwaj, -jwo/, -iWoJ |-
es -IZ
bah ba, ba, bae |-ed -d
l-ed -t
Bahai ba'ha-i |-haism -'ha-izam
backwater 'baek^wata', -^wata', -jWDta^; ES
Bahama ba'hema, loc. and Brit ba'hama
-t3(r
|-s -z
backwoods 'baek'wudz, 'baek^wudz
-man.
Bahia ba'hia {Pg ba'ia)
-men -man
Baikal bai'kal
bacon, B- 'bekan, 'beko
bail bel |-ed -d |-ee 'bel'i
Baconian be'konian, ba-, -njan
bailey, B- 'beli |-liff -lif
bacteria baek'tiria |-1 -1 \sg -ium -m
bailiwick 'bela^wik
bactericide baek'tira^said
Baillie 'beb
bacterin 'baektarin
bailsman 'belzman |-men -man
bacteriological 'baekjtiria'Iadsikl, baekj
tiria-;
Bainbridge 'benbnds |-'s -iz
ES+-'lDd5-
Baird berd, baerd; E bead, ES baead
bacteriologist 'baekjtiri'aladsist, baek,tiri-;
bairn bern, baern, bern; E bean, ES baean.
ES+-'d1-; |-gy -d5i
bean
bacteriolysis 'baekjtiri'alasis, baek^tiri-
ES+
bait bet |baited 'betid
-'d1-
baize bez |baizes 'beziz |-d -d
bacteriophage baek'tiria^fedj |-s -iz
bake bek | baked bekt
Bactria 'baektria |-n -n
bakehouse 'bekjhaus |-houses -jhauziz
bad baed
Bakehte, b- 'beka^lait, 'beklait
bade past of bid baed
baker, B- 'beka^; ES 'beka(r; j-kerv -kan.
Baden US 'bedn, Germany 'badn
{Gcr
-kri
'bardan)
baking-powder 'bekig^paudaf, 'bekg-; ES
Baden-Powell 'bedn'poal
-da(r
badge baeds |-s -iz |-d -d
baksheesh, -shish 'baekji/
badger, B- 'baedsa^; ES 'baedsaCr; ]-
ed -d
Baku ba'ku
|-ing 'baedsarig, 'baedsrig
Balaam 'belam
Badgworthy 'baed3ari = Bagwortliy
Balaclava, -klava jbaela'klava
badinage 'baednids, jbaedi'naj {Fr badi'nais)
balalaika jbaela'laika
badminton, B- 'baedmintan
balance 'baclans |-s -iz \-A -t
Badon 'bedn
Balanga bajagga {Sp ba'lagga)
Baeda 'bida, cf Bede
balata 'baelata
Baedeker 'bedika^, -da-; ES -ka(r;
(Ger
Balboa bael'boa
'b£:dakar)
balboa coin bal'boa
baff hxi l-ed -t (Sc baf)
balbriggan, B- ba;l'brigan
Baffin 'baefin
balcony 'baelkani | balconied 'bselkanid
baffle 'bief j |-d -d 1-Iing -'bicfho, -fbg
bald bald
ba£fy 'bafi (Sc 'bafi)
baldachin 'baeldakin, 'bal-
bag baeg |-ged -d |-man, -men -man
Balder, -dr 'balda-; ES 'balda(r
bagasse ba'gaes (Fr ba'gas)
balderdash 'balda^jdaej; ES 'balda-
bagatelle ,baega'tel
baldhead 'bald.hed
Bagdad 'baegdsed, bag'dad ('Baghdad 'rail-
bald-headed 'bald'hedid ('bald -,headed 'man)
(way)
baldpate 'baldjpet j-pated -'petid
Bagehot 'baedjat
baldric 'baldrik, 'badrik |-ked -t
bagful 'baeg/ful |-s -z
Baldwin 'baldwin, -dm
baggage 'baegids |-s -iz
bale, B- bel ibaled beld
Bagot 'baegat
Bale bal
bagpipe 'baeg,paip
Balearic ,baeli'aerik, ba'link
Key: See in full §§3~47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret Ij^et jet |sang saeg |angr\- 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a [far far [watch watj, wotj (§12) |jaw d^o Igorge gards |go go
baleen
37
bank
baleen ba'lin
Balzac 'baelzaek {Fr. bal'zak)
balefire 'beljair; ES 'bel]fai3(r
bambino baem'bino, bam- j-ni -ni (//
baleful 'belfal 1-ly -i
bam'bi:no)
baler 'bela^; ES 'bel3(r
bamboo baem'bu ('bam^boo 'pole)
Balfour 'baelfur; ES 'baelfuaCr
bamboozle baem'buzl j-ed -d |-ling -zlig.
Baliol 'beljal, 'belial
-zlig
balk bak |balked bokt |balky 'baki
ban baen [banned baend
Balkan 'bDlkan
banal 'benl, ba'nael, -'nal, 'baenl {Fr ba'nal)
BaLkanize 'balkanjaiz |-s -iz ]-d -d
banality ba'naebti, be-, bae-
ball bol 1 balled bald
banana ba'naena
ballad 'baelad | balladry 'baebdn
Banbury 'basnjben, 'baem-, -ban, -bri
ballade ba'lad, bse'lad {Fr ba'lad)
Bancroft 'baenkraft, 'baeg-, -krnft
ball-and-socket 'babn'sakit; ES+-'sDk-
band baend [banded 'baendid
Ballantrae jbaebn'tre, 'baebntri
bandage 'baendid3 |-s -iz |-d -d
Ballard 'b^la^d; ES 'b^lad
bandanna baen'daena
ballast 'baebst | ballasted 'baebstid
bandbox 'baend^baks, 'baen-; ES-t--jbDks;
ballerina jbaeb'rins |-s -z (// ,bal!eVi:na)
|-es -IZ
ballet 'baele, 'baeb, bae'le {Fr ba'k)
bandeau baen'do, 'baendo
Ballinger 'baehndsa^; ES -d33(r
Bandelier jbaendl'ir; ES -'ia(r, S-i--'£a(r
Balliol 'beljal, 'bekal
Bandello baen'delo {It ban'dello)
ballistic bae'kstik, bs- ]-s -s
banderole 'baendajrol
ballonet jbaeb'net
bandicoot 'baendi^kut
balloon ba'lun, bl'un |-ed -d
bandit 'baendit [-ry -ri [-ditti baen'diti
ballot 'baebt [balloted 'baebtid
bandmaster 'baend ^maesta', 'baen-; ES
Ballou ba'lu, bae'lu
-jmaesta(r, E-t--/mas-, -^mas-
ballproof 'bal'pruf ('balliproof 'armor)
bandog 'baen,dag, -idng
ballroom 'bal^rum, -jium
bandoleer ^baenda'lir; ES -'lia(r, S-F-'lea(r
ballyhoo 'baeh^hu, jbaeh'hu |-ed -d
bandore baen'dor, 'baendor, -ar; ES -oa(r.
Ballymena jbaeh'mina
E-i--aa(r
balm bam |balmed bamd |balmy 'bami; |E-h
bandsman 'baendzman, 'baenz- j-men -man
-a-
bandstand 'baend^staend, 'baen-
Balmoral bael'maral, -'mar3l, -'moral
bandy 'baendi [bandied 'baendid
balneal 'baelnial
bandy-legged 'baendi 'kgid, -'kgd, 'baendi-
balneology jbaelni'abdsi; ES-h-'nl-
(kgid, -jkgd
baloney ba'lom, bj'ora
bane ben [-d -d |-ful -fal [-fully -fall
balsa 'balsa, 'balsa
Banff baemf [-shire -Jir, -JV; ES -Xia(r,
balsam 'balsam |-ed -d
-/3(r
balsamic bal'saemik, bael'saemik |-al -1 [-ally
bang baeg [banged baegd
-h, -ikh
bang 'bhang' baeg
baltered 'balta^d; ES -tad; c/ blood-boltered
Bangkok 'baegkak, baeg'kak; ES-h-nk
Balthazar bael'Gaeza'; ES -'Gaeza(r; Shak.
bangle 'baeggl [-d -d [bangling 'baeggkg.
jbaelea'zar, -ta'zar; ES -'za:(r
-gbo
Baltic 'baltik
Bangor Me 'baeggar, -ga', Wales, Ircl 'baegga';
Baltimore 'balta,mor, -imar; ES -jmoa(r.
ES -gaa(r, -ga(r
E+-jmaa(r; loc. 'baltama^, -ma(r
banish 'baem/ [-es -iz |-ed -t
Baluchistan bajutji'staen, -'stan, ba'lutji-
banister 'baenista^; ES -ta(r; [-ed -d
jStaen, -^stan, -uki-
banjo 'baendso [-ed -d
baluster 'baebsta^; ES -ta(r; |-ed -d
banjorine ^baendsa'rin
balustrade jbaeb'stred |-straded -'stredid
bank baegk [banked baegkt
[full ful [tooth tue [further 'fy'Sa^; ES 'fa'Sa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
bankrupt
38
Barmecide
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m)
bankrupt 'baegkrApt, -rapt |-ed -id j-ptcy
-ptsi, -psi
Bankside 'baegk,said
banner 'baena^; ES 'baenafr
banneret knight 'baenarit, -^rzt
banneret, -ette banner /baenaVet
bannock 'bsenak
Bannockburn 'baenakjbs-n, ^baenak'byn ; ES
-an, -yn
banns, bans baenz
banquet 'baegkwit, 'baen- |-ed -id
banquette baeg'kst
Banquo 'baegkwo, 'baen-, -ko
banshee, -shie 'baenji, baen'Ji
Banta 'baenta, publisher 'banta
Bantam, b- 'baentam
banter 'baenta^; ES 'baentacr; |-ed -d |-ing
-tang, -trig
Banting 'baentig
bantingize 'baentig^aiz |-s -iz |-d -d
Bantu 'baen'tu, 'ban- ('Ban^tu 'language)
banyan 'baenjan, 'bfenjaen
banzai 'ban'za-i, 'ban'zai
baobab 'beo,baeb, 'baojbaeb
baptism 'baeptizam
baptismal baep'tizml j-ly -i
Baptist 'baeptist
Baptista Minola baep'tista'minala
baptistery 'baeptistri, -tan | baptistry -tri
baptize bsep'taiz |-s -iz j-d -d
bar bar; ES ba:(r; [-red -d
Barabas Marlowe 'baerabas |-'s -iz
Barabbas Bible ba'raebas, in Shak. 'baerabas
|-'S -IZ
Baraboo 'berajbu, 'baer-; S 'baer-
Baraca ba'raeka
Barak 'berak, 'baerak, 'beraek
barb barb; ES ba:b; |-ed -d, -id
Barbados, -oes bar'bedoz, 'barba,doz; ES
ba:-, 'barb-
Barbara 'barbara, -bra; ES 'barb-
barbarian bar'berian, -'baer-, -'ber-, -jan;
ES ba-
barbaric bar'baenk; ES ba:-; |-ally -li, -ikh
barbarism 'barbajrizam; ES 'barbajrizam
barbarity bar 'baer ati; ES ba-
barbarous 'barbaras, -bras; ES 'ba:b-
Barbary 'barbari; ES 'batbari
barbecue 'barbi,kju, -/kiu; ES 'ba:-; |-d -d
barbel 'barbl; ES 'ba:bl
barber, B- 'barba^; ES 'ba:ba(r; |-ed -d |-ing
-bang, -brig
barberry 'bar^beri, -ban; ES 'ba:-
Barberton 'barba^tan; ES 'ba:batan
barbette bar'bet; ES ba:'b8t
barbican, B- 'barbikan; ES 'ba:-
Barbour 'barba-; ES 'ba:ba(r
Barca 'barka; ES 'ba:-; \pl Eng-ca.?, -kaz, Sp
-cas -kas. It -che -ke
barcarole, -rolle 'barkajrol; ES 'ba:kajrol
Barcelona jbarsl'ona; ES jba:-; {Sp jbarBe-
'lona)
Barclay 'barkli, -le; ES 'ba:k-
bard bard; ES ba:d; |-ic -ik
Bardolph 'bardalf, -dolf ; ES 'bar-
bare ber, baer; E b£a(r, ES baea(r; |-d -d
bareback 'bsr^baek, 'baer-; E 'bea-, ES
'baea-
barefaced 'ber 'f est, 'bier-; E 'bea-, ES 'baea-;
|-cedly -sidk, -sth ('bare^faced 'lie)
barefoot 'berjfut, 'baer-; E 'bea-, ES 'baea-;
|-ed -id
barehead 'ber^hEd, 'baer-; E 'bea-, ES 'baea-
bareheaded 'ber'hedid, 'baer-; E 'bea-, ES
'baea-
baresark 'ber^sark, 'baer-; E 'b£ajsa:k, ES
'baea-
bargain 'bargin; ES 'ba:gin; |-ed -d
barge bard5; ES ba:d3; |-s -iz |-d -d
bargeman 'bardsman; ES 'ba:d3-; |-men
-man
Barham, Richard 'bseram
baric 'baerik
Baring-Gould 'berig'guld, 'baerig-; S 'b£er-
barite 'berait, 'baerait, 'berait; S 'baer-, 'ber-
baritone 'baerajton
barium 'beriam, 'baer-, 'ber-; S 'baer-, 'ber-
bark bark; ES ba:k; j-ed -t
barkeeper 'bar^kipa^; ES 'ba:ikipa(r
barkentine 'barkan,tin; ES 'bark-
Barker, b- 'barka^; ES 'ba:ka(r
barley 'barli; ES 'ba:li; |-corn -jkarn; ES
-jkaan
barm barm; ES barm
barmaid 'bar^med; ES 'bar,med
Barmecide 'barma,said; ES 'barm-
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg langrj^ 'aeg-gri
|batli baeG; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wntj (§12) |ja\v dsa |gorge gards |go go
bar mizvah
39
basilica
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m)
Words below that have ae before r (carry 'kaeri) are often pronounced in N with £ ('ken, §94)
bar mizvah, mitz- 'bar'mitsva; ES 'ba:-
Barrie 'baeri
barn barn; ES ba:n; [ed -d
barrier 'baeria'; ES 'baeri- a(r
Barnabas 'barnabas; ES 'bama-; j-'s -iz
Barrington 'baerigtan
Barnaby 'barnabi; ES 'bainabi
barrister 'baerista^; ES 'baeristafr
barnacle 'barnakj, 'barm-; ES 'ba:n-; |-
d-d
barroom 'bar^rum, -jtum; ES 'bai^r-
Barnard 'barna^d; ES 'barnad
barrow, B- 'baero, -ra
Barnardine 'barna^jdin; ES 'barna-
Barry 'baeri
barn door 'barn'dor, -'dar; ES 'ba:nMo3(r,
Barrymore 'baerajinor, -iinar; ES -imoa(r, E+
E+-'d33(r; ('barn-jdoor 'fowl)
-jm3a(r
Barnegat ibariu'gaet; ES jba:m-; ('Barne
-igat
Bartas, du djubar'tas, dm-, du-; ES -ba:'tas;
'Bay)
{Fr dybar'ta:s) |-'s -iz
Barnet(t) 'barnit; ES 'barnit; ace/ + Bar 'nett
bartender 'bar^tend*; ES 'ba:it£nda(r
Barnstable Mass 'barnstabl; ES 'ba:n-
barter 'barta^; ES 'ba:ta(r; |-ed -d |-ing
Barnstaple Dev 'barnstapl; ES 'ba:n-;
loc.
-tang, -trig
-stabl {spelt -pie 1086, -ble 1421)
Bartholomew bar'8alajmju, -jiniu; ES
barnstorm 'barn^starin; ES 'barn^stoam;
ba'eal-, -'GdI-
l-ed -d
Bartimeus jbarta'mias; ES jba:ta-; |-'s -iz
Barnum 'barnam; ES 'bainam
bartizan 'bartazn, jbarta'zaen; ES 'ba:ta-.
barnyard 'barnjard; ES 'bam^jard
jba:ta-
barogram 'baer3,graem
Bartlett 'bartht, -lat; ES 'ba:t-
barograph 'baerajgraef; E+-jgraf, -/graf
Baruch Bible 'berak, 'baerak, 'berak, -ruk;
barographic jbaera'graefik
S 'baer-, 'ber-
barometer b3'ram3t3^;ES ba'ramataCr, -'rom-
Baruch Bernard ba'ruk
barometric jbaera'metrik |-al -1 |-ally -li.
-ikh
barytone 'baerajton
baron, B- 'baeran |-age -ids |-ages -idsiz
basal 'besl |-ly -i
baroness 'baeranis |-es -iz
basalt ba'salt, 'baesalt
baronet 'baeranit, -^net l-ed -id |-age
-ids
basaltic ba'saltik, bae-
|-ages -idsiz |-cy -si
bascule 'baeskjul, 'baeskiul
barong ba'rag, ba'rag, -'rDO
base bes | bases 'besiz | based best
barony 'baerani |-nial ba'ronial
baseball 'bes'bal, 'besjbal
baroque ba'rok {Fr ba'rb'k)
baseboard 'besjbord, -jbard; ES -jboad, E+
baroscope 'baera^skop
-jbaad
barouche ba'ruj, bae- |-s -iz
baseborn 'bes'barn; ES -'baan; ('base-born
barque bark; ES ba:k
'serf)
barrack 'baerak |-ed -t
Basel 'bazl — see Basle
barracuda jbaera'kuda
basement 'besmant
barrage 'act of barriitg,' 'bar' 'bands |-s ■
IZ
bases pi of base 'besiz
barrage mil. ba'ras |-s -iz |-d -d
bases pi of basis 'besiz
barrator 'baerata^; ES 'baerata(r; |-try -tri
bash bae/ jbashes 'baejiz |bashed bae/t
Barre, Isaac 'baeri, hence next
Bashan 'be/aen, 'be/an
Barre Mass, Vt 'baeri
bashaw ba'/a
barrel 'baeral, 'baeri, 'baeril |-ed -d
bashful 'b«Xfal jbashfuUy 'baejfak
barren 'baeran j-ness 'baerannis
bashi-bazouk 'baejiba'zuk
barret, Barrett 'baent
basic 'besik |-ally -li, -ikli
barette ba'ret
basicity be'sisati
barricade n ,baera'ked, 'baera^ked
basil, B- 'baezl, -zil
barricade v jbaera'ked |-d -id
basilica ba'sihka, ba'zihka
Ifull ful |tooth tue [further 'fySa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail |how hau |toy tai
[using 'jiizig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
basilisk
40
be-
basilisk 'baesajisk 'baza^lisk
baton bae'tan, 'baetn, bae'ta; ES-i--'tDn; {Fr
basin 'besn jbasined 'besnd
ba'to) j
basinet 'baesanit
Baton Rouge 'baetn'ru3 |-'s -iz
Basingstoke 'bezig,stok
batrachian ba'trekian
basis 'besis |bases 'besiz
batsman 'baetsman |-men 'b^etsman
bask baesk; E+bask, bask; |-ed -t
batswing 'baets,wig
basket 'basskit; E+'baskit, 'baskit
battalion ba'taeljan, bae'taeljan
basketball 'baeskitjbal; E+'bas-, 'bas-
batten 'baetn |-ed -d |-ing 'baetnii), 'baetnig
basketful 'baeskitjful; E+'bas-, 'bas-; |-s -z
batter 'b^ta^; ES 'baeta(r; -ed -d
basketry 'baeskitn; E+'bas-, 'bas-
battery 'baetari, 'baetn
Basle bal
battle 'baetl |-d -d |-ling 'baetlig, 'baethg
Basque baesk
Battle Creek 'baetl'krik, -'krik
Basra 'bAsra
battledore 'baetljdor, -/dar; ES -,doa(r, E-t-
bas-relief jba-n'lJf, ^baes-, 'ba-ri/Iif, 'baes-
-jdaa(r
basa fish baes |basses 'baesiz
battlement n 'b^tjmant
bass music bes |basses 'besiz
battlement v 'baetljmEnt |-mented -jmentid
Bassanio ba'sanijO, ba'sanjo — trisyllabic in
battleplane 'baetj,plen
Shak.
battleship 'baetjj/ip
basset, B- 'baesit
battue bae'tu, bae'tiu, bae'tju {Fr ba'ty)
Bassianus jbaesi'enas |-'s -iz
batty 'baeti
bassinet jbaesa'net, 'baes3jnet
bauble 'babl
basso 'baeso
Baucis 'basis | Baucis' 'basis
bassoon bae'sun, ba'sun, -'zun
baudekin 'badakin
basso-relievo 'baeso- ri'livo {It -rilievo 'basso-
Bausch and Lomb 'ba/an'lam, -'Inm-, -'lam
ri'lje:vo)
bauxite 'baksait, 'bozait
basswood 'baes^wud
Bavaria ba'veria, ba'veria |-n -n
bast baest
bawcock 'bajkak; ES-i-'ba^kok
bastard 'baesta^d; ES 'baestad
bawd bad [bawdry 'badri |bawdy 'badi
baste best |basted 'bestid basting 'bestig
bawl bal | bawled bald
bastille baes'til {Fr bas'ti:j)
ba}^ be | bayed bed
bastinado jbaesta'nedo
bayard, B- 'bea^d. Am statesmen 'baia^d; ES
bastion 'baestjan, 'baestian
-ad
Basutoland ba'sutOjlaend
Bayeux be'ju {Fr ba'jo)
bat baet |batted 'baetid
bayonet 'beanit |bayoneted 'beanitid, -,n£tid
Bataan ba'tan, ba-, bae-
Bayonne US be'on, be'jon; France, Fr
Batavia bo'tevia, -'tevja
ba'jan
batch baetj | batches 'baetjiz | batched baetjt
bayou 'baiu, 'baiju
bate bet | bated 'betid
Bayreuth bai'rait, 'bairait {Ger bai'rayt)
bateau bae'to
bazaar ba'zar; ES ba'za:(r, E-i--'za:(r
bath, B- baeO; E-^baO, baG; |-ths -(5z |-th's -Gs
B.C. 'bi'si
bathe beS |bathed bctSd | bathing 'beSig
bdellium 'deliam
bathetic bo'Oetik
be V stressed 'bi, jbi; unsir. bi
bathhouse 'baeO,haus; E-i-'baO-, 'baO-
be- unstressed prefi.x bi-, ba- • — Usually only
bathos 'beOas; ES + -Ods
one pron. is given in the vocab. Where ba-
bathroom 'baeejrHm, -jrum; E-t-'baO-, 'baO-
is give?i, usually bi- would represent a some-
Bathsheba baeO'Jiba, 'baeOjiba
what more careful style; where bi- is given,
Bathurst 'baeOa^st; ES 'bseOast
ba- may often be substituted bef. conss., esp.
batik 'batik, bae'tik, bo-, 'bajtik
in a more familiar style. When followed by
batiste bae'tist, ba- {Fr ba'tist)
1, bl- is a common variant (believe bl'iv).
Key: See in full §§3~47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet JEt |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dga |gorge gards |go go
beach
41
bedew
The bi- type with many speakers has the
beau geste Fr bo'sest
usual tendency toward bi-.
beau ideal 'boai'dial, -'dil, -'dial
beach bit/ [-es -iz 1-ed -t
Beauheu Engd 'bjuh, 'biuh
beachcomber 'bitjjkoma^ ; ES -jkom3(r
Beaumarchais ^bomar'/e; ES -mar'/e; {Fr
beacon 'bikan |-ed -d j-ing 'bikanig, -knig
bomar'/e)
Beaconsfield in Bucks 'b£k3nz/fild
beau monde bo'mand, -'mond {Fr bo'mo:d)
Beaconsfield Lord 'bikanzjfild
Beaumont 'bomant, -mont
bead bid | beaded 'bidid
Beauregard 'bora^gard; ES -/ga:d, E+-jga:d
beadle 'bidi |-dom -dam |-ry -n
beauteous 'bjutias, 'biu-
beadroll 'bid^rol
beautiful 'bjutafal, 'biu- |-ly -fah, -fh
beadsman 'bidzman |-men -man
beautify 'bjutajfai, 'biu- |-fied -jfaid
beadwork 'bid^wyk; ES -jwsk, -^wyk
beauty 'bjuti, 'biuti
beagle, B- 'bigl
Beauvais bo've {Fr bo've)
beak bik |-ed -t
beaux boz
beaked adj bikt, 'bikid
beaux-arts Fr bo'za:r
beaker 'bika-; ES 'bika(r
Beaven 'bevan
beam bim |-ed -d
beaver, B- 'biva^; ES 'biva(r
beam-ends 'bim'gndz, -^endz, -nz
becalm bi'kam; E + -'kam; |-ed -d
bean bin |-ed -d
became bi'kem
beano 'bino
because bi'kaz, ba-, -'koz, -'kAz
beanstalk 'bin^stak
bechance bi't/aens; E-h-'t/ans, -'t/ans; |-s
bear n ber, baer; E be'aCr, ES baea(r
-IZ |-d -t
bear v ber, baer; E bea(r, ES baea(r; [bore
becharm bi't/arm; ES -'tXa:m, E4--'tJa:m;
bor, bar; ES boa(r, E+baa(r; | borne born.
I-ed -d
barn; ES boan, E+baan
Bechuana jbetju'ana, jbekju- j-land -jlaend
beard bird; ES brad, S+bead; |-ed -id
beck bek |-ed -t
Beard bird, berd, baerd; ES biad, bead.
becket, B- 'bekit
baead
beckon 'bekan |-ed -d |-ing 'bekanig, -knig
bearer 'bera', 'baera^; E 'b£ra(r, ES 'baerafr
becloud bi'klaud |-ed -id
bearskin 'ber^skin, 'baer-; E 'bea-, ES 'baea-
become bi'kAm |became bi'kem [become
beast bist |beasted 'bistid |-ly -li
bi'kAm
beat bit \past beat bit \pptc beaten 'bitn or
Becquerel bek'rsl ('Becqueirel 'rays)
beat bit
bed bed |bedded 'bedid
beatific ,bia'tifik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikb
bedabble bi'daebl |-d -d |-ling -'dasbhg.
beatification bi,aetafa'ke/an
-bhg
beatify bi'aeta^fai -fied -^faid
bedaub bi'dab |-ed -d
beatitude biWaitjud, -^tiud, -jtud
bedazzle bi'daezl |-d -d |-ling -'dajzhg, -zbg
Beatrice fem. name 'biatris, in Dante 'biatris
bedbug 'bedjbAg
{It jbea'tri:tXe) |-'s -iz
bedchamber 'bed^tXemba'; ES -itjemba(r
Beatrix 'biatriks |-'s -iz
bedclothes 'bed^kloz, -jkloSz
Beattie, -tty 'biti, 'beti
bedcover 'bed^kAva^; ES -ikAva(r
beau bo |-s, -x -z i-ed -d
bedding 'bedig
Beaucaire bo'ker, -'kaer; E -'kEa(r, ES
Beddoes 'bedoz |-'s -iz
-'kaea(r;(Frbo'k8:r)
Bede bid. Latinized Baeda 'bida
Beauchamp Eng name 'bit/am (Fr bo '/a)
bedeck bi'dek |-ed -t
Beauclerc, -rk 'bo^kkr, -jklaer, -jklark; E
Bedel, -11 'bidj, ba'del
-jklea(r, ES -jklaea(r, -^klark
bedesman 'bidzman j-men -man
Beaufort 'bofa^t, SC 'bjufa^t, 'biu-, NC 'bo-;
bedevil bi'devl |-ed -d j-ing -'devbg, -vjig
ES -fat
bedew bi'dju, -'diu, -'du |-ed -d
IfuU ful |tooth tu6 Ifurther 'fySa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'vi3an (Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
bedfellow
42
behemoth
bedfellow 'bEdjfelo, -a
Bedford 'bedfa^d; ES 'bedfad; [-shire -Jir,
-S^; ES -Ji3(r, -X3(r
bedight bi^dait
bedim bi'dim |-med -d
Bedivere 'beda^vir; ES -jVi3(r
bedizen bi'dizn, -'daizn |-ed -d |-ing -znig,
-znig — bi'daizn is chiefly Brit.
bedlam, B- 'bedlam [-ite -jHit
Bedloe 'bedlo
bedmate 'bed^met
Bedouin 'beduin
bedpan 'bed^paen
bedplate 'bed^plet
bedraggle bi'draeg} \-d -d j-ling -Mraeglig,
-gjiO
bedrid 'bed^rid [bedridden 'bEd^ridn
bedrock 'bed'rak, -jtak; ES+-Dk
bedroll 'bedjiol
bedroom 'bedjrum, -jum, -ram
bedroom door 'bedjrum'dor, 'bedram-, -'dDt;
ES -'doa(r, E+-'d3a(r
Beds short for Bedfordshire btdz
bedside 'bed^said
bedsore 'b£djSor, -/sar; ES -;Soa(r, E+
-jS3a(r
bedspread 'bedjSprEd
bedspring 'bed, sprig
bedstaff 'bediStaef; E+-,staf, -jStaf; |-staves
-jStevz
bedstead 'bed^sted, -stid
bedstraw 'bed^stra
bedtime 'bed^taim
bedward 'bedwa^d; ES 'bedwad
bee bi
beech 'bjtj |-es -iz |-en -an
beechnut 'bitjnat, -,nAt
beef 71 bif |-'s -s | beeves bivz or beefs bifs
beef V bif | beefs bifs ] beefed bift
beefeater 'bif,it3^; ES -iita(r
beefsteak 'bif,stek
beehive 'bi^haiv
beeline 'bi'lain ('bee,line 'flight)
Beelzebub bi'elzijbAb
been bin, ben — bin occurs chiefly as a Briti-
cism, esp. in Canada, ben is most apt to
occur when unstressed.
beer, B- bir; ES bia(r, S+bea(r
Beersheba bir'Jiba, 'birjiba; ES bia-, 'bia-
beeswax 'biz,w£eks |-es -iz |-ed -t
beeswing 'biz, wig |-ed -d
beet bit
Beethoven 'betovan, 'bet-hovan; Lond square
'bit'hovan {Ger 'be:t'ho:van)
beetle 'bitl |-d -d |-ling 'bitlig, 'bitjig
beetle-browed 'bitl'braud ('beetle-jbrowed
'face)
beetlehead 'bit),hed |-ed 'bitl'hedid
beetroot 'bit,rut, -;rut
beeves bivz
befall bi'fal |-fell -'fel |-fallen -'falan, -In
befit bi'fit l-ted -id
befog bi'fag, -'fag, -'fog |-ged -d
befool bi'ful |-ed -d
before bi'for, ba-, -'far; ES -'foa(r, E+
-'faa(r; |-hand -jhaend |-time -,taim
befoul bi'faul |-ed -d
befriend bi'frend |-ed -id
befuddle bi'f Adl 1-d -d j-ling -'fAdbg, -dlig
beg beg [begged begd
begad bi'gaed
began bi'gaen
begat bi'gaet
beget bi'get j-got -'gat, arch, -gat -'gaet
|-gotten -'gatn or -got -'gat; |ES +-'gDt(n)
beggar 'baga^; ES 'bega(r; |-ed -d |-ing
-gang, -grig |-ly -li |-y -i
begin bi'gin 1-gan -'gaen |-gun -'gAn 1-ning
-10
begird bi'gyd \past -girt -'gyt or -girded
-'gydid \pptc -girt -'gyt; | ES -3-, -y-
begohm 'beg,om
begone bi'gan, -'gon, miicli less frcq. -'gan
begonia, B- bi'gonja, -ma
begot bi'gat; ES+-'gDt; j-ten -n
begrime bi'graim |-d -d
begrudge bi'grAds |-s -iz |-d -d
beguile bi'gail |-d -d
begum n 'bigam
begum V bi'gAm |-med -d
begun bi'gAn
behalf bi'haf ; E -'haf, -'haf, -'haf
behave bi'hev |-d -d
behavior bi'hevja^; ES -'hevja(r; 1-ism -,izam
behavioristic bi,hevja'ristik j-alh- -li, -ikli
behead bi'hed |-ed -id
beheld bi'held
behemoth bi'himaG, 'biamaO
Key; See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret lyet jet |sang saeg |angp.' 'aeg-gri
[bath baeO; E baO (§10) jah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
behest
43
bename
behest bi'hest
Bellamy 'belami
behind bi'haind |-hand bi'haind,haend
bellboy 'bel,b3i
behold bi'hold |-held -'held \arch.
pplc
belle, B- bel
-holden -'holdan
Bellefontaine bel'fauntn, -an-, -on-, -tin
behoof bi'huf |-s -s
Bellerophon ba'lerafan, -^fan, -,tr>n
behoove bi'huv |-d -d
Bellerus ba'liras, -'liras |-'s -iz
behove bi'hov |-d -d
belles-lettres bel'letra, -t^; ES -tra, -ta(r;
Behring 'birig, 'berii), 'berig
{Fr bel'letr)
beige bes |-s -iz {Fr b£:3)
belletrist bel'letrist |-ic ^belle'tristik
being 'biig
belUcose 'bebjkos
Beirut 'berut, be'rut
bellicosity jbeb'kasati; ES+-'kDS-
bejewel bi'dsual, -'dsmal |-ed -d
belligerence ba'lidsarans |-cy -i |-ent -ant
bel bel
BelHngham US 'bebgjhaem, Engd 'belindsam
Bel god bel, ahbr. name bel
Bellini be'lini (It bel'lirni)
Bela, Belah 'bib
bellmouthed 'belimau'Sd, -Ot
belabor bi'leba'; ES -'leb3(r; |-ed -d
1-ing
Bellocbe'lak;ES+-'lDk
-'lebarig, -'lebrig
Bellona ba'lona, be-
Belarius ba'lerias, -'iaer-, -'ler- j-'s -iz
bellow 'belo, 'beb |-ed -d |-ing 'bebwig
belate bi'let \-d -id
bellows 'beloz, -az, -as \double pi bellowses
belaud bi'bd |-ed -id
'bebsiz
belay bi'le |-ed -d
Bellows Falls 'beloz'blz, 'bebz- |-'s -iz
belch, B- beltj" j-es -iz |-ed -t
bellwether 'beljweSa^; ES -jwe?f3(r
beldam 'beldam |-dame -dam, -dem
belly 'bell |bellied 'belid
beleaguer bi'liga^; ES -'lig3(r; |-ed -d
1-ing
Belmont 'belmant, -mnnt
-'ligarig, -'ligrig
Beloit ba'bit
Belfast US 'belfaest, Irel 'belfast, bel'faest;
belong ba'bg, -'log; S+-'Iag; [ed -d
E+-ast, -ast
belove bi'bv |-d -d
belfry 'belfri | -fried -fnd
beloved adj bi'bvid, -'kvd
Belgian 'beldsian, -dsan j-gium -ds
idm,
below ba'lo
-d33m
Belshazzar bel'/aeza'; ES -'Xaez3(r
Belgic 'beldjik
belt belt [belted 'beltid
Belgrade bel'gred, 'belgred
Beluchistan bajutji'staen, -'stan, ba'lutji-
Belgravia bel'grevia
jstaen, -jstan, -uki-
Belial 'bilial, -Ijal
belvedere, B- jbelva'dir; ES -'di3(r
beUe bi'lai |-d -d
belying ptc of belie bi'laiig
belief ba'lif.bl'if.bi'lif
bemaul bi'mal |-ed -d
believe ba'liv, bl'Iv, bi'liv |-d -d
bemazed bi'mezd
belike bi'Iaik
bemean bi'min 1-ed -d
Belinda ba'linda
bemire bi'mair; ES -'mai3(r; |-d -d
BeHsarius jbeb'serias, -'ser- |-'s -iz
Bemis 'bimis j-'s -iz
Behsha beacon ba'li/a'bikan
bemoan bi'mon |-ed -d
behttle bi'htl |-d -d j-hng -'litlig, -tlig
bemock bi'mak, -'mok, -'mak |-ed -t
belive bi'laiv
bemuddle bi'mAdl |-d -d |-ling -'mAdlig,
Behze be'liz
-dbg
Belknap 'belnaep, bel'nsep
bemuse bi'mjuz, -'miuz j-s -iz j-d -d |-dly
bell, B- bel |belled held
-idh
belladonna ^bela'dana; ES+-'dDn3
Ben ben
Bellaire ba'ler, be-, -'laer; E -'le3(r,
ES
bename bi'nem |-d -d \pptc -d -d or -nempt
-'lie3(r
-'nempt or -nempted -'nemptid
Ifull ful [tooth tu8 [further 'fytSa'; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Benares
44
Berkley
Benares ba'nanz |-'s -iz
Bentham 'bEnGam, 'bsntam — 'beneam is a
Ben Avon Pa ben'aevan, Scotl -'evan, ben'an
sp. pron.
bench bent/ |-es -iz |-ed -t
benthos 'benOas; ES+-6ds
bend bend |bent bent, arch, bended 'bendid
Benton 'bentan
beneath bi'niO, -'ni(5
benumb bi'nAm |-ed -d |-edness -'nAmdnis,
benedicite, B- jbena'disati, Chaiic. jbendis'te
-idnis
Benedick 'bena^dik
Ben Venue jbenva'nu, -'niu, -'nju
benedict, B- 'bena^dikt
Benvolio ben'vokjO, -Ijo
benedictine liquor jbena'diktin
Ben Vorlich, Voir- benVarlik; ES -'vaa-; {Sc
Benedictine monk jbena'diktin, -tin
-'varhx)
benediction ibEna'dikJan
benzaldehyde ben'zaeldajhaid
Benedictus jbeni'diktas |-es -iz
benzene, -zine 'benzin, ben'zin
benefaction /bena'faekj'an
benzoate ben'zo-it, -et
benefactor 'benajfaekta^, jbena'faekta^;
ES
benzoic ben'zo-ik
-t3(r
benzoin 'benzo-in, ben'zo-
benefactress 'bEna^faektris, jbena'faektris 1-es
benzol 'benzol, -zal, -zdI ]-zole -zol
-IZ
Beowulf 'bea,wulf
benefic ba'nefik
bepaint bi'pent |-ed -id
benefice 'benafis ]-s -iz, -jfisiz |-d -t
bequeath bi'kwitS |-ed -d [-al -al
beneficence ba'nefasns |-cent -snt
bequest bi'kwest
beneficial jbena'fi/al |-ly -i
berate bi'ret | -rated -'retid
beneficiary jbena'fijari, -'fi/ijEri
Berber 'byba^; ES 'bsbafr, 'byba(r
benefit 'benafit |-ted -id, -^fitid
Berbera 'bybara; ES 'bs-, 'by-
Benes 'bEneJ |-'s -iz
berceuse Fr b£r's0:z
Benet 'benit
Berea ba'ria |-n -n
Benet bE'ne
bereave ba'riv |-d -d or -reft -'reft
benevolence ba'nevabns, -vlans |-s -iz
-lent
Berengaria jberio'geria, -'ger-
-lant
Berenice jbera'naisi
Benewah 'benajwa, -^wd
Beresford 'berizfa^d, -ris-; ES -fad
Bengal ben 'gal, beg- ('Ben^gal 'tiger)
beret ba're, 'bent {Fr be 're)
Bengalese jbengs'liz, ibeo-
berg byg; ES bsg, byg
Bengali ben'gah, beij-
Bergen NJ 'bygan, NY 'bydsin, Nono,
Bengasi, -ghazi ben'gazi, beij-
Neth 'bygan, 'bergan; ES 'bs-, 'by-, 'bea-
Benicia bg'ni/a
Bergerac 'bydsa^raek; ES 'ba-, 'by-; {Fr
benighted bi'naitid
berga'rak)
benign bi'nain
Bergson 'bygsn, 'berg-; ES 'bsg-, 'byg-.
benignancy bi'nignansi |-nant -nant [-gnity
'beag-; {Fr berg'san, berk-) |-ism -jizam
-nati
berhyme, -rime bi'raim \-d -d
benison 'bsnazn, -sn
beribboned bi'nband
Benjamin 'bendsaman
beriberi 'beri'beri
Ben Lomond ben'Iomand
Bering 'bing, 'ber- 'ber-
Ben More ben'mor, -'mar; ES -'moa(r
E+
beringed bi'rigd
-'m33(r
Berkeley US 'bykb, Engd 'barkh; ES 'bsk-,
Bennett 'bsnit
'byk-,'ba:k-,E+'ba:k-
Ben Nevis ben'nevis, -'nivis |-'s -iz
Berkhamsted, -mpstead 'bykam,sted, loc.+
Bennington 'benigtan
'bark-; ES 'bsk-, 'byk-, ^ha:k-;—The
Benoni bs'nonai, be-
Brit pron. is 'bskamstid, Zoc. -t- 'ba:k- ; the
Benson 'bensn
corresponding Am is as given above.
bent bent
Berkley 'bykb; ES 'bskh, 'byk-
Key: See in full §§3~t7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg | angry 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E ba6 (§10) ]ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw d3a |gorge gards |go go
Berks
45
beta
Berks in Engd short for Berkshire 'barks;
ES 'ba:ks; Pa byks; ES bsks, byks
Berkshire US 'byk/ir, -Ja*, Engd 'bark/ir,
-JV; ES 'bsk/iacr, 'byk/i3(r, 'ba:k-, -/3(r
berUn by'hn, ba^'lin, 'byhn; ES bs'lin, by-,
ba-, 'bshn, 'bs'-
BerHn US 'bylin; ES 'bslin, 'by-; Germany
by'lm, ba^'hn; ES bs'hn, by-, ba-; (Ger
ber'litn) ('BerjHn 'wool)
BerHoz 'berkjoz; ES 'b£3lijOz; {Fr ber'ijb'rz,
-'Ijoiz)
berm, -e bym; ES bsm, bym
Bermuda ba^'mjuda, -'miuda; ES ba-; |-dian
-dian
Bern, -e US byn, Sivtz byn, bern; ES bsn,
byn, bean; {Fr, Ger bern)
Bernard 'byna-d, 'bynard, ba^'nard; ES
'bsnad, 'bynad, -na:d, ba'na:d, E+-a:d;
{Fr ber'narr)
Bernardo ba^'nardo; ES ba'na:do, E+-'na:-
Berners 'byna^z; ES 'bsnaz, 'bynaz
Bernhardt 'bynhart; ES 'bsnhart, 'bynha:t;
{Fr b£r'na:r)
Bemice 'bynis, ba^'nis; ES 'bsnis, 'by-,
ba'nis; |-'s -iz
Bernicia ba^'nijia; ES ba'nif-
bernicle 'barnikl; ES 'ba:n-; = barnacle
Berowne bi'run
berretta ba'reta
berrigan 'btrigan
berry 'ben | berried 'bend
berserk 'bysyk; ES 'bassk, 'bysyk; |-er -a^;
ES -a(r
berth by6; ES bsO, byO; |-ths -Gs
Bertha, b- 'byOa; ES 'bsGa, 'byOa
Bertillon system. 'bytl/On, -jDh; ES 'bat-,
'byt-; {Fr berti'jo)
Bertram 'by tram; ES 'bstram, 'byt-
Bertrand 'bytrand; ES 'bat-, 'byt-; {Fr
btr'tra)
bertrandite 'bytrand^ait; ES 'bst-, 'byt-
beruffled bi'rAfld
Berwick US 'bywik; ES 'bswik, 'by-; Scoil
'berik
Berwickshire 'berikjjir, -JV; ES -iXia(r, -J'a(r
Berwyn 'by win; ES 'bawin, 'by-
beryl 'beral, -il
beryllium ba'riliam
Besant, Annie 'beznt. Sir Walter ba'zaent
besant 'btznt, ba'zaent
beseech bi'sitj |-es -iz |-sought -'sat
beseem bi'sim |-ed -d
beseen bi'sin
beset bi'set
beshrew bi'/ru, -'/riu, arch, bi'/ro |-ed-d
beside bi'said |-s -z
besiege bi'sids |-s -iz |-d -d
besmear bi'smir; ES -'smia(r, S+-'smea(r;
l-ed -d
besmirch bi'smytj; ES -'smstj, -'smyt/; |-es
-IZ |-ed -t
besom 'bizam |-ed -d
besot bi'sat; ES+-'sDt; [-ted -id
besought bi'sat
bespake bi'spek
bespangle bi'spaeggl |-ed -d |-ling -glig,
bespatter bi'spaeta^; ES -'spaeta(r; |-ed -d
bespeak bi'spik |-spoke -'spok j-spoken
-'spokan
bespouse bi'spauz |-s -iz |-d -d
bespread bi'sprEd
besprent bi'spr£nt
besprinkle bi'sprigkl j-d -d |-ling -klig,
-kjig
Bess bes [Bess's 'besiz j-ie -i
Bessarabia jbesa'rebia |-n -n
Bessemer 'besama^; ES 'btsamaCr
best best |bested 'bestid
best-dressed 'best'drest ('best-jdressed 'man)
bestead, -sted adj bi'sted
bestead v bi'sted \past -steaded -'stedid
\pptc -stead -'sted
bestial 'best/al, -tial |-ly -i
bestiality jbestji'aelati, /besti-
bestiary 'besti^eri
bestir bi'sty; ES -'st3(r, -'sty; |-red -d
best-known 'best'non
best-liked 'best'laikt ('best-Jiked 'play)
bestow bi'sto |-ed -d |-al -al
bestraddle bi'straedl \-d -d |-ling -dhg, -dlig
bestrew bi'stru, -'striu |-ed -d |-ed -d or
-n -n
bestride bi'straid [-strode -'strod [-stridden
-'stridn
bestrow bi'stro [-ed -d |-ed -d or n -n
bet bet \past 6" pptc bet bet or betted 'betid
beta Gk letter 'beta, 'bita
[full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fstSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Beta
46
bichromate
Beta, b- 'beef 'bita
betaine 'bitijin
betake bi'tek |-took -Huk ]-taken -'tekan
betel 'bitl
Betelgeuse, -geux ^bitl^dsuz, 'betljdssz |-'s -iz
bete noire 'bet'nwar; ES -'nwa:(r; {Fr
b£:t'nwa:r)
Bethany 'beeani
bethel, B- 'beOal
Bethesda ba'Oezda
bethink bi'Oigk [-thought -'ODt
Bethlehem 'bEGham, 'bEeh^hEm
Bethnal 'bEOnal
bethought bi'Oat
Bethphage 'beGfadsi, -jdsl
Bethsaida bEO'seada
Bethune surnames, US places ba'Ojun, -'Oiun,
-'Oun, 'bitn
Bethune ba'Bjun, -'Oiun, -'6un {Fr be'tyn)
betide bi'taid |-d -id or arch, -tid -'tid
betimes bi'taimz
betoken bi'tokan j-ed -d |-ing -'tokanig,
-knig
betook bi'tuk
betray bi'tre |-ed -d |-al -al
betroth bi'traG, -'trnG, -'trotJ |-ed -Ot, -tJd
l-al -al
Betsy 'bEtsi
better 'beta^; ES 'bEta(r; j-ed -d
bettor 'bEta'; ES 'bEta(r
Bettws-y-Coed 'bfitazi'ko-id, -si-
Betty 'bEti
between ba'twin
betwixt ba'twikst
Beulah 'bjula, ^biula
Bevan 'bEvan
bevel 'bEvl |-ed -d |-ing 'bEvlig, 'bEvlig
Beven 'bEvan
beverage 'bEvrids, 'bEvarids |-s -iz
Beveridge 'bEvrids, 'bEvarids j-'s -iz
Beverley, -ly 'bEva^h; ES 'bEvah
Bevier bi'vir; ES -'via(r
Bevis 'blvis, 'bEvis |-'s- iz
bevy 'bEvi
bewail bi'wel |-ed -d
beware bi'wEr, -Vaer; E -VEa(r, ES -'waea(r;
l-d-d
beweep bi'wip |-wept -Vept
Bewick 'bjuik, 'biuik
bewilder bi'wilda^; ES -Vilda(r; |-ed -d |-ing
-'wildrig, -'wildarig
bewitch bi'witj |-es -iz |-ed -t
bewray biVe |-ed -d
Bexar Tex, loc. baer, baea(r {Sp 'bExar)
bey be
beyond bi'jand, bi'and, -'jnnd, -'nnd
Beyrouth 'berut, be'rut
Beza 'biza
bezant, bezz- 'bEznt, ba'zasnt
bezel, -il 'bEzl |-ed -d
bezique ba'zik
bezonian ba'zonian
bhang baeg
Bianca bi'aegka {It 'bjagka)
biannual bai'aenjual | 1\^ -i
Biarritz 'bia,rits {Fr bjaVits)
bias 'baias |-es -iz |-ed -t
bib bib jbibbed bibd
bibber 'biba^; ES 'biba(r
bibcock 'bibjkak; ES+'^kok
bibelot 'biblo {Fr bi'blo)
Bible 'baibl
BibHcal 'bibhkl |-ly -i, -ikli
Biblicism 'bibh/Sizam |-cist -sist
bibliographer jbibh'agrafa^, -'og-; ES -fa(r;
l-phy -fi
bibliographic jbiblia'graefik |-al -1 |-ally -li,
-ikb
bibliolater jbibh'alata^; ES -'alatacr, -'dI-;
I -try -tri
bibhomania jbibba^menia, -nja |-iac -i^aek
bibliophil 'bibha^fil |-phile -^fail
bibulosity jbibja'lasati; ES+-'1ds-
bibulous 'bibjalas
bicameral bai'kiemaral
bicarbonate bai'karbanit, -inet; ES -'ka:b-,
E-i-'ka:b-
bicaudal bai'kadl |-date -det
bice bais
bicentenary bai'sEnta^nEri, jbaisen'tenari;
Brit -'tin-, -Heh-
bicentennial jbaiSEn'tEiual j-ly -i
biceps 'baiSEps ]-es -iz
Bicester 'bista^; ES 'bista(r; (Bister 1634)
bichlorid bai'klorid, -'klar-; S -'klor-; |-ide
-aid, -id
bichromate n bai'kromit, -met
bichromate v bai'kromet l-d -id
Key: See in full §§3~t7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet JEt |sang saeg [angr}- 'aeg-gn
|bath ba;G; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wntj (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge g3rd3 |go go
bicker
47
binaural
bicker 'bika^; ES 'bik3(r;l-ed -d |-ing 'bikarig,
bigot, B- 'bigat |-ed -id |-ry -ri
'bikrig
bigwig 'bigjwig |-ged -d 1-gery -an, -ri
Bickerstaff 'bika^^staef; ES 'bika-, E+-jStaf,
bijou 'bisu, bi'su
-jstaf
bike baik
Bicknell 'biknal
bilabial bai'lebial
bicolor ^baijkAla'; ES -jkAl3(r; |-ed -d
bilabiate bai'lebi^et, -but
biconcave bai'kankev, -'kag-, jbaikan'kev;
Bilaspur bi'laespur, -'las-; ES -pua(r
ES+-D-
bilateral bai'lsetaral |-ly -i
biconvex bai'kanveks, jbaikanVeks; ES+
Bilbao bil'bao
-on-
bilberry 'bil^beri, -ban
bicron 'baikran, 'bik-; ES+-krDn
bilbo 'bilbo
bicuspid bai'kAspid |-ate -,et
Bildad 'bild«d
bicycle 'bai^sikl, 'baisikl |-d -d 1-ling -klig.
bile bail
-khg
bilge bilds |-s -iz |-d -d
bicyclic 'of bicycles' bai'sikhk, 'baisik-
bihary 'bili,£ri
bicyclic Hwo-cycled' bai'saikhk, -'sik-
bihnear bai'lima^; ES -'lini-aCr
bicyclist 'b. rider' 'bai^siklist, -siklist
bilingual bai'liggwal |-ism -^izam 1-ly -i
bid 'ask' bid \past bade, bad baed or bid bid
biHous 'biljas
\ppic bidden 'bidn or bid bid
biliteral bai'htaral |-ism -jizam
bid 'offer' bid \past b- pptc bid bid
bilk bilk Ibilked bilkt
biddable ibidabl |-bly -bh
biU bil IbiUed bild |-able -abl
Biddefordlfe 'bidafa^d; ES 'bidafad
billboard 'biljbord, -^bard; ES -iboad, E+
biddy 'bidi
-jbaad
bide baid \past bode bod or bided 'baidid
Billerica Mass 'bibrika
\pptc bided 'baidid
Billericay Engd jbila'riki
Bideford Engd 'bidafa^d; ES 'bidafad
billet 'bilit i-ed -id
bidentate bai'dentet
billet-doux 'bili'du \pl -doux -'duz {Fr
Biela 'bib
bije'du)
biennial bai'Enial |-ly -i
biUfold 'billfold
bier bir; ES bi3(r, S+bE3(r
billhead 'bil^hed
biff bif Ibiffed bift
billiard 'bilja^d; ES 'biljad; |-s -z
bifid 'baifid
billingsgate, B- 'biligz^get, -git
biflex 'baifleks
billion 'biljan |-aire ibiljan'sr, -'aer; E -'£a(r.
bifocal adj bai'fokl ('bijfocal 'lenses)
ES -'aea(r; |-th -6 |-ths -Gs
bifocal n 'baifokl, bai'fokl j-s -z
billow 'bilo, 'bila [-ed -d |-ing 'bilawig |-y
bifurcate adj 'baifa^^ket, bai'fykit; ES 'baifa-.
'bilawi
-'fskit, -'fykit
billposter 'bil^posta^; ES -jposta(r
bifurcate v 'baifa^^ket, bai'fyket; ES 'baifa-.
billsticker 'bil^stika^; ES -jstika(r
-'fsket, -'fyket; |-d -id
bUly, B- 'bih
bifurcation jbaifa^'ke/an; ES jbaifa-
bilobate bai'lobet |-d -id
big big
bimanual bai'mtenjual 1-ly -i
bigamist 'bigamist |-mous -mas [-my -mi
bimensal bai'mEnsl
Bigelow 'biga jo, 'biglo
bimester bai'mesta^; ES -'m£sta(r
bighead 'big^htd |-ed 'big'hedid
bimetallic jbaima'taebk
bighorn 'big^harn; ES -jhaan
bimetallism bai'm£tljizam |-ist -ist
Big Horn riv. 'big'harn; ES -'haan; (The
bimonthly bai'mAnOli
'Big 'Horn, 'Big ^Horn 'River)
bin bin |binned bind
bight bait |bighted 'baitid
binary 'bainari |-nate -net
Biglow 'biglo
binaural bin'aral
[full ful |tooth tu9 [further 'fySa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau |toy tai
lusing 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan jEden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
bind
48
bittern
bind baind |bound baund \arch pptc bounden
birdbath 'byd^baee; ES 'bsd-, 'byd-
, E+
'baundan
-jbae, -jbaO; |-ths -3z
binder 'bamda^; ES 'baind3(r; |-y -dan,
birdhouse 'byd,haus; ES 'bsd-, 'byd-
; l-ses
-dri
-ziz
bine bam
birdlime 'byd^laim; ES 'bsd-, 'byd-
Binet bi'ne, bi- (Fr bi'nE)
birdseed 'byd^sid; ES 'bsd-, 'bs'd-
Bingen 'bigan
bird's-eye 'bs^dz^ai; ES 'bsdz-, 'bydz-
Bingham 'bigsm |-ton -ton
biretta ba'reta
Bingley 'bigh
Birkenhead 'bykan^hed; ES 'bsk-, '
byk-;
bingo 'biogo
loc. (Birken'head
binnacle, binocle 'binakj
birl byl; ES bsl, byl; |-ed -d
binocular bai'nakjala^, bi-; ES -'nakjabir.
Birmingham US 'bymiOihaem, -gam.
Engd
-'nnk-
'bymigam; ES 'bsm-, 'bym-
binomial bai'nomial |-ly -i
Biron 'bairan, in Shak. bi'run spelt Berowne
Binyon 'binjan
birr by; ES b3(r, by; |-ed -d
biochemic jbaio'kEmik |-al -1 |-ally -ji, -ikli
Birrell 'biral
biochemistry jbaio'kgmistn
birth bye; ES bsO, byO; |-ths -Os 1-day -^de
biogenesis jbaio'dsenasis
birthmark 'byO^mark; ES 'bsOimark,
'bye-
biogenetic jbaiodsa'netik |-al -I |-ally -ji,
jmark, E4--iniark
-ikh
birthplace 'byO^ples; ES 'bsG-, 'byO-;
|-S -IZ
biogeography jbaiodgi'agrafi, -'og-
birthright 'byO^rait; ES 'bsO-, 'byO-
biographer bai'agrafa', bi-, -'og-; ES -f3(r
bis bis
biographic jbaia'graefik |-al -1 |-ally -li.
Biscay 'biski, -ke
-ikh
biscuit 'biskit
biography bai'agrafi, bi-, -'og-
bisect n 'baisskt
biologic jbaia'ladsik; ES+-'lDd3-; |-al -j
bisect V bai'sekt |-ed -id | ction -kjan
|-ally -k, -ikli
bishop, B- 'bijap |-ric -rik
biology bai'al3d3i; ES+-'d1-; |-gist -dsist
Bismarck 'bizmark; ES -mark, E-i--
mark;
biometric jbaia'metrik |-al -1 |-ally -h, -ikli
{Ger 'bis-)
biometry bai'amatri; ES+-'Din-
bismuth 'bizmaO |-al -al
Bion 'baian
bismuthic biz'mjuGik, -'miu-, -'mA6ik
Biondello jbian'dElo
bison baisn, -zn
biophysics jbaio'fiziks j-cal-kj
Bispham 'bispam
biotic bai'atik; ES+-'Dt-; |-al.-I
bisque bisk
biotite 'bai3jtait
bister, -tre 'bista^; ES 'bista(r
biparous 'biparas
bisulphate bai'sAlfet
bipartisan bai'partazn; ES -'part-, E+-'pa:t-;
bisulphid bai'sAlfid j-ide -aid, -id
l-ship - Jip
bisulphite bai'sAlfait
bipartite bai'partait; ES -'pait-, E+ -'part-
bisymmetric jbaisi'metrik |-al -1 1-ally -li.
biped 'baiped |-al -I, 'bipadi
-ikh
bipetalous bai'petjas
bisymmetry bai'simitri
bipinnate bai'pinet
bit bit Ibitted 'bitid
biplane 'bai,plen
bitch bitj" Ibitches 'bitjiz |-ed -t
bipolar bai'pola^; ES -'pola(r
bite bait |bit bit |bitten 'bitn
bipolarity ^baipo'laerati
bitstock 'bitjStak, -jStnk
biquadratic jbaikwad'raetik, -kwnd-
bitt bit Ibitted 'bitid
birch bytj; ES bstj, bytj; |-es -iz |ed -t |-en
bitten 'bitn
-an
bitter 'bita-, ES 'bita(r; |-s -z
bird byd; ES bsd, byd; |-ed -id |-ie -i
bittern 'bita^n; ES 'bitan
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angr>' '«g'gri
|bath bae9; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
bittern ut
49
bleach
bitternut 'bita^nat, -^nAt; ES 'bita-
Blackmore 'blaekmor, -mor; ES -ino3(r, E+
bitterroot 'bita^^rut, -^rut; ES 'bita-
-in33(r
bittersweet 'bita^^swlt, -'swit; ES 'bita-
blacksmith 'blaeksmiG |-ths -8s |-ing -jsmiGig
bitumen bi'tjuman, -'tiu-, -'tu-, 'bit/uman
Blackstone 'blaekjston, -stan
bituminous bi'tjumanas, bai-, -'tiu-, -'tu-
black-throated 'blaek'erotid ('black-jthroated
bivalence baiVebns, 'bivabns j-cy -i |-nt
'warbler)
-nt
Blackwells 'blaek^welz, -walz
bivalve 'baiiVaelv |-d -d
bladder 'blaeda^; ES 'blaeda(r; |-ed -d j-ing
bivouac 'bivu^aek, 'bivwaek j-ked -t
'blaedarig, -driij
biweekly bai'wikh
blade bled |bladed 'bledid
biyearly bai'jirb; ES -'jiab, S+-'J£3h
blah bla
bizarre bi'zar; ES -'za:(r, E+-'za:(r
blain blen [blained blend
Bizet bi'ze {Fr bi'ze)
Blaine blen
Bjornson 'bjynsn; ES 'bjsn-, 'bjyn-; {Norw
Blake blek
'bJ0:rns3n)
blamable 'blemabl |-bly -bli
blab bl«b Iblabbed blabd
blame blem |-ed -d |able -abl ]-bly -bli
black blaek ,| blacked blaekt
blameful 'blemfal |-ly -i
blackamoor 'blaeka^mur; ES -^muaCr
blameless 'blemlis
black-and-blue 'blaekan'blu, 'blaekg'blu.
blameworthy 'blem^ws^Si; ES -jW3?5i, -jWySi
-'bku
Blanc, Mont mant'blaegk, mont- {Fr mo'bla)
blackball 'bl^k^bal |-ed -d
blanch blaent/; E+blantJ, blantj"; |-es -iz
black-berried 'bl^k'bsrid ('black-jberried
l-ed -t
'elder)
Blanch(e) blaent/; E+blant/, blantj"; |-'s
blackberry 'bliEkjb£ri, -ban |-ried -d
-iz
blackbird 'blaek.byd; ES -.bad, -.bs-d
blancmange bb'mans, -mands
blackboard 'blaek.bord, -jb3rd; ES -jboad.
Blanco 'blaegko
E+-jb33d
bland blaend
Blackburn 'blaekba-n; ES 'blaekban
blandish 'blaendij |-es -iz |-ed -t
blackcap 'blaek.kaep
blank blaegk | blanked blaegkt
blackcock 'blaekjkak; ES+-ikDk
blankbook 'blaegk^buk, -'buk
blackdamp 'blaek,daemp
blanket 'blaegkit |-ed -id
blacken 'blaekan |-ed -d |-ing 'bltekami).
blare bier, blaer; E bk3(r, ES blae9(r; |-d -d
-kmo
blarney, B- 'blarni; ES 'blarni, E+'bla:ni
black-eyed 'blaek'aid ('black-^eyed 'Susan)
blase bla'ze, 'blaze {Fr bla'ze)
Blackfeet 'blaek.fit
blaspheme blaes'fim |-d -d
blackfellow 'blak^fElo, -.fela
blasphemous 'blaesfimas |-my -mi, older
blackfish 'bl«k,fij
blaes'fim-
Blackfoot 'blaekjfut |-feet -.fit
blast blaest; E+blast, blast; |-ed -id
Blackfriars 'blaek jfraia'Z, -'fraia^z; ES -jfrai-az.
blastoderm 'blaesta^dym; ES -jdam, -.dym
-'frai'3z
blastula 'blaestjub
blackguard 'blaega^d, 'blaegard; ES 'blaegad.
blat blaet |blatted 'blaetid
-ga:d, E+-ga:d; |-ed -id |-ry -ri
blatancy 'bletnsi | blatant 'bletnt
blackhead 'blaek .bed
blather 'blaetSa^; ES 'blaetJaCr; |-ed -d |-ing
Blackheath 'blaek^hiO, -'hie
'blaetJrig, 'blaeSarig
blackjack 'blaekjdsaek |-ed -t
blatherskite 'blaeSa^.skait; ES 'bbetSa-
Black Jack 'blaek'dsaek
blaze blez |blazes 'bleziz | blazed blezd
blackleg 'blaek .leg
blazon 'blezn |-ed -d |-ing 'bleznig, -znig
blacklist 'blaekjist |-ed -id
blazonry 'bleznri
blackmail 'blaekjmel j-ed -d
bleach blitj Ibleaches 'blitjiz l-ed -t
|full ful |tooth tue [further 'fa^tJa^; ES 'fstSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy toi
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision 'visan [Eden 'idi^ [cradle 'kred} [keep 'em 'kipip
bleachers
50
blubber
blieachers 'bllt/a^z; ES 'blit/az
blockhouse 'blak^haus; ES+'blok-; |-ses
bleachery 'blitjan
-ZIZ
bleak blik
Bloemfontein 'blumfan^ten, -fan-, -fon-
blear blir; ES bli3(r, S+bk3(r; |-ed -d
blond, -e bland, blond
blearedness 'blindms; S+'bkr-
Blondel trouvere blan'del, blon-; Brit nanu
bleat blit | bleated 'blitid
'bUndl
bleb bkb |-bed -d
blood bUd [blooded 'bUdid |-ily -Ii, -ib
bleed blid |bled bkd
blood-boltered 'blAdjbolta^d, -jbolta^d; ES
blemish 'blemij |-es -iz |-ed -t
-tad; c/baltered
blench blentj |blenches 'bkntjiz |-ed -t
bloodcurdling 'blAd^kydbg ; ES -jksd-, -^kyd-
blend bknd |blended 'blendid or blent bknt
bloodguilty 'blAd^gilti
blende bknd
bloodhound 'bUdjhaund |-ed -id
Blenheim 'bknara (Ger Blindheim 'bhnt-
bloodletting 'blAd^ktig
haim)
blood-red 'bUd'red ( 'blood- /ed 'wine)
Blennerhassett ^bkna^'haesit; ES jbkna-
bloodroot 'bUd^rut, -^rut
blenny 'bkm
bloodshed 'blAdjX£d
blent bknt
bloodshot 'bUdj/at; ES+-jjDt
bless bks |blesses 'bksiz [blessed, blest
bloodstain 'bUd^sten j-ed -d
bkst
bloodsucker 'bUdjSAka'; ES -jSAk3(r
blessed adj 'bksid |-ly -k |-ness -nis
bloodthirsty 'blAdjO^sti; ES -.Gssti, -,eysti
blessing 'bksig
bloom blum | bloomed blumd |-age -ids
blest bkst
bloomers 'bluma^z; ES 'blumaz
blether 'bktSa^; ES 'bk<J3(r
bloomery 'blumari
blew blu, bhu
Bloomfield 'blum^fild
blight bkit Iblighted 'bkitid
Bloomington 'blumigtsn
blighty, B- ^blaiti
Bloomsbury 'blumz^bEri, -bari
blimp bhmp
blossom, B- 'blasam; ES+'blosam; j-ed -d
blind blaind | blinded ^blamdid
blot blat; ES+blot; |-ted -id
blindfold 'blaind^fold, 'blain- |-ed -id
blotch blat/; ES+blotJ; j-es -iz 1-ed -t
blindman's buff 'blaind^maenz'bAf, 'blain-
blotter 'blata-; ES 'blat3(r, 'blot-
blindness 'blaindnis, 'blainnis
blotto 'blato; ES+'bloto
blindworm 'bkind^wym; ES -,w3m, -jwym
Blount blaunt, bUnt
blink bligk | blinked bliijkt
blouse blaus, blauz |-s -iz |-d -t, -d
bliss bhs |bhsses 'bhsiz |-ful -fal |-fully
blow of wind bio |blew blu, bbu |blown blon
-fab
or slang blowed bled
blister 'bbsta-; ES 'bhst3(r; |-ed -d |-ing
blow '■blossom'' bio |blew blu, bhu [blown
'bbstariij, 'bbstrii)
blon
blithe blaiS |-some -sam
blowfly 'blo.flai
BUthedale 'bkiS^del
blowgun 'blojgAn
bhtz bbts |-es -iz |-ed -t
blowhole 'blojhol
Blitzkrieg 'bhtSjkrig (Ger -jkrirk)
blown blon
blizzard 'bhza^d; ES 'bkzad
blowoff 'blopf, -jof
bloat blot Ibloated 'blotid
blowout 'blo^aut
blob blab; ES+bkb; |-bed -d
blowpipe 'blojpaip
bloc blak; ES+blok
blowtorch 'blojtartj; ES -itaatj; |-es -iz
Bloch blak; ES+blok
blowup 'blojAp
block blak; ES+blok; |-ed -t
blowzed blauzd [blowzy 'blauzi
blockade bla'ked; ES+blo-; |-d -id
blubber 'bUba^; ES 'bUbair; |-ed -d [-ing
blockhead 'blak .bed; ES+'blok-
'bUbrig, 'bUbarig [-y -bri, -ban
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg [angrj^ 'aeg-gri
[bath baeO; E baG (§10) [ah a [far far [watch watj, wotj (§12) [jaw dsD [gorge gards [go go
blucher
51
bobsled
blucher 'blut/a^, 'bluka^; ES -3(r
Blucher 'blutJV, 'bluka^; ES -3(r; {Ger
'blyxar)
bludgeon 'blAdjan |-ed -d
blue blu, bhu |-d -d
Bluebeard 'bluebird, ^bhu-; ES -^biad, S+
-jbead
bluebell 'blu.bel, 'bhu-
blueberry 'blu^beri, 'bhu-, -ban
bluebird 'blu^byd, 'bhu-; ES -^bsd, -^byd
blue-black 'blu'blaek, 'bhu- ('blue-^black
'dye)
blue-blooded 'blu'bUdid, 'bhu-
bluebonnet 'blu^banit, 'bhu-; ES+-jbDnit
bluebottle 'blu^batl, 'bhu-; ES+'^botl
bluecoat 'blu^kot, 'bhu-
blue-eyed 'blu'aid, 'bhu- ('blue-^eyed 'boy)
bluefish 'blujfij", 'bhu- |-'s -iz
bluegill 'blujgil, 'bhu-
bluegrass 'blujgraes, 'bhu-; E+-jgras, -jgras
blueing 'bluig, 'bhuig |-ish -i/
bluejacket 'blu^dsaekit, 'bhu-
blue-jay 'blu^dse, 'bhu-
blue-pencil 'blu'pensl, 'bhu- |-ed -d
blueprint 'blueprint, 'bhu- |-ed -id
Blue Ridge 'blu'rids, 'bhu- ('Blue ^Ridge
'Mts.)
blues bluz, bhuz
blue-sky law 'blu'skaija, 'bhu-
bluestocking 'blu^stakii), 'bhu-; ES+-jStDk-
bluet 'bluit, 'bhuit
bluff bkf I bluffed bUft
bluing 'bluig, 'bhuig |-ish -i/
blunder 'bUnda-; ES -d3(r; |-ed -d |-ing
'blAndrig, 'blAndarig
blunderbuss 'bUnda^jbAs; ES 'bUnda-; |-es
-IZ
blunge bUndj [blunges 'bUndsiz ]-d -d
blunt, B- bknt [blunted 'bUntid
blur bly; ES bl3(r, bly; |-red -d
blurb bls-b; ES bbb, blyb; |-ed -d
blurry 'biyi; ES 'blsri, 'blyi
blurt bls^t; ES bbt, blyt; |-ed -id
blush bUJ [blushes 'bU/iz [blushed bU/t
bluster 'blAsta^; ES 'bUstafr; [-ed -d |-ing
'blAstarig, 'blustng j-y -tan, -tri
-bly -bh, ending of advs corresponding to adjs
in -able -abl. In the vocab. this is regularly
added to such adjs in -able as have corre-
sponding advs, to show tlie change from
syllabic 1 in -abl to nonsyllabic 1 in -abh
(dependable di'pendabj |-bly (di'penda)-
bh).
Wlten I -bly -bh immediately follows
[-able -abl, if the head word does not end in
-able (pardon 'pardn |-ed -d j-able -abl
I bly -bh), in this case exceptionally the
ending -bh is to be referred, not as usual to
the head word, bid to the immediately pre-
ceding form, atid pronounced -abh, thus
(cf pardon in tlte vocab.): pardon 'pardn
|-ed -d j-able ('par)dnabl, ('par)dnabl [-bly
('pardna)bh, ('pardna)bh. In such cases,
also, the form in -bly -(a)bli includes any
variant prons. of the form in -able, as in this
example. The same statements apply to words
in -ible -abl with added [-bly -bh.
Blyth blaitJ, blai [Blythe blaiS
B'nai B'rith ba'ne-ba'rie, -'brie
boa 'boa
Boadicea jboadi'sia
Boanerges jboa'nydsiz; ES -'ns-, -'ny-;
[-ges' -dsiz
boar bor, bar; ES boa(r, E+b3a(r
board bord, bard; ES bead, E-t-baad; [-ed
-id
boarder 'borda^, 'bar-; ES 'boada(r, E-i-
'baa-
boardinghouse 'bordig^haus, 'bard-; ES
'boad-, E+'baad-; [-ses -ziz
boardwalk 'bord^wak, 'bard-; ES 'bead-, E-i-
'baad-
boarhound 'bor^haund, 'bar-; ES 'boa-, E+
'baa-
Boas, Franz ^hoas, Frederick S. 'boaez [-'s -iz
boast host [boasted 'bostid
boat bot [boated 'botid; \NEngd+h'6t {§46)
boatful 'botjful [-s -z
boatman, -men 'botman
boatswain, bosun 'bosn, occas. 'bot^swen
Boaz Bible 'boaez [-'s -iz
bob bab; ES+bob; [-bed -d
bobbin 'babin; ES+'bobin; [-ed -d
bobbinet jbaba'net; ES+jbob-
bobby 'babi; ES+'bnbi
bobcat 'babjkaet; ES-h 'bob-
bobolink 'babl/igk; ES+ 'bob-
bobsled 'babjskd; ES+'bob-; [-ed -id
[full ful [tooth tu9 [further 'fy'Sa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
bobsleigh
52
bombshell
Those words below in ivhich the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced unth n in E and S
bobsleigh 'bab^sle |-ed -d
bold-facedly 'bold'fesidh, -'festh
bobstay 'bab^ste
bole bol boled bold
bobtail 'babjtel
bolero bo'kro, -'lero
bobtailed 'bab'teld ('bobjtailed
'ox)
Boleyn 'bulin=Bullen (in Shak. Anne
bobwhite 'bab'hwait
BuUen)
Boccaccio bo'katJijO {It bok'kattjo)
bolide 'bolaid, -lid
Boche, b- baj, baf, bqf j-s -iz
Bolingbroke 'babg^bruk, 'bul-, 'bol All
bock bak
except 'buliOibruk are spelling profiuncia-
bode past of bide bod
tions. The origi^ial was Bul- and the last
bode V bod boded 'bodid
part is the word brook.
bodice 'badis |-s -iz
bolivar 'balava'; ES 'balavaCr
bodied 'badid
Bolivar US 'balava^; ES 'bal3V3(r
bodiless 'badihs, 'badjis
Bolivar SAmer bo'livar; ES -va:(r; (Sp
bodily 'badh, -dik
bo'liPar)
bodkin 'badkin
Bolivia, b- ba'livia |-n -n (Sp bo'IiPja)
Bodleian bad'lian, ^badlian
boll bol 1 boiled bold
Bodley 'badh
bollard 'bala^d;ES'balad
Bodmin 'badmin
bollworm 'boljwym; ES -;W3m, -jwym
body 'badi [-died -d | -guard
j-gard; ES
bolly 'boll
-,ga:d, E + -jga:d
bolo 'bolo |-ed -d
Boeotia bi'o/ia, -Ja |-tian -/an, -/lan
Bologna city ba'lonja (// bo'lojijia)
Boer bor, b3r, bur; ES bo3(r
, buafr, E+
Bologna sausage ba'lona, -'lonja, -'loni
b33(r
bolometer bo'lamata^; ES -'lamat3(r
Boethius bo'iOias or jBoetius bo'l/ias ]-'s -iz
boloney ba'loni, bl'oni
Boeuf Bayou 'bef'baiu, -^baiju
Bolshevik, b- 'baljajvik, 'bol- |-vism -^vizani
bog bag, bag, bog j-ged -d
-vist -vist
bogey 'bogi
bolster 'bolsta^; ES 'bolsta(r; |-ed -d
boggle 'bagj, 'bogj |-d -d |-ling
■glig, -gho
bolt bolt Ibolted 'boltid; \NEngd+h'6\t
bogie 'bogi
(§46)
Bogota US ba'gota, SAnier ^
boga'ta, -'ta
bolthead 'bolt^hed
(Sp jbogo'ta)
Bolton 'boltn
bogtrotter 'bag^trata' ; 'bag-.
'bog-; ES
boltrope 'bolt^rop
-jtrat3(r
bolus 'bolas |-es -iz
bogus 'bogss |-es -iz
bomb bam; less freq. bAm [-ed -d
bogy 'bogi
bombard n 'bombard; ES 'bamba:d, E-i-
bohea bo 'hi
-ba:d
Bohemia bo'hinua, -mja \-n -n |-
nism -n.izam
bombard v bam'bard; ES bam'ba:d, E-i-
Bohn bon
-'ba:d; |-ed -id
Bohr bor, bar; ES bo3(r, E + ba3(
r
bombardier ^bamba^'dir; ES ^bamba'diaCr,
boil bail boiled baild
S+-'de3(r
Boise 'baisi
bombasine jbamba'zin, 'bambajzin
boisterous 'baistaras, -tras
bombast 'bambaest
Bok bak
bombastic bam'baestik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
Bokhara bo'kara
Bombay bam'be ('Bonijbay 'duck)
bola 'bola |bolas 'bobs |-ses -siz
bombazine jbamba'zin, 'bambajzin
bold bold
bomber 'bama-; ES 'bama(r
boldface 'bold^fes
bomibproof 'bam'pruf ('bomb-proof 'shelter)
bold-faced 'bold 'f est ('bold- .faced 'lie)
bombshell 'bam^Xel, 'bAmj/el
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg langn,^ 'asg-gri
|bath baeG; E bae (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watj, wotj (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
Bon
53
bore
Those words helmv in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with n in E and S
Bon bon
booklore 'buk^lor, -Jar; ES -Joa(r, E-i-
Bona 'bona
-Jaa(r
bona fide 'bona'faidi
bookmaker 'buk^meka^; ES -jmeka(r
bonanza bo'naenza
Bookman 'bukman
Bonaparte 'bonajpart; ES -,pa:t, E+-,
pa:t;
bookman 'bukman, -^maen |-men -man.
|-tist -ist
-jmen
Bonar 'bona'; ES 'bon3(r
bookmark 'buk^mark; ES -jma:k, E+
bonbon 'ban^ban {Fr bo'bo)
-jma:k
bond band | bonded 'bandid j-age -ids
bookplate 'bukjplet
bondholder 'bandjholda^ ; ES -,hold3(r
bookrack 'buk^raek
bondmaid 'band^med |-man -man |-
men
bookseller 'bukjsela'; ES -jSEla(r
-man
bookstall 'bukjstal
bondsman, -men 'bandzman, 'banz-
bookworm 'buk^wym; ES -jwsm, -jwym
bondwoman 'band^wuman, -jwum- |-
men
boom bum | boomed bumd
-jWimin, -an
boomerang 'bumajiaeij, 'bumjraei)
bone bon |-d -d ]-r -3^; ES -a(r; \NEiigd+
boon bun |booned bund
ban (§46)
boondoggle 'bun^dagl, -idngl |-d -d |-ling
bone-dry 'bon'drai ('bone-jdry 'wood)
-glig, -gho
boneset 'bon^sEt |-ter -a^; ES -a(r
Boone bun
bonfire 'ban^fair; ES -ifaia(r; ]-d -d
Boonesboro 'bunz^byo, -a; ES -ihsr-, -;bAr-,
Bonheur ba'ns', ba-; ES -'n3(r, -'ny;
(Fr
-,b^-
ba'nce:r)
boor bur; ES bua(r; |-ish -ij
bonhomie, -mmie jbana'mi, 'banajmi
(Fr
boost bust 1 boosted 'bustid
bona 'mi)
boot but 1 booted 'butid | -black -jblaek
Boniface 'bana^fes |-'s -iz
bootee bu'ti
bonito ba'nito
Bootes bo'otiz \gen -tis -tis
bon mot Fr bo 'mo \Eng pi bons mots bo'moz.
booth bu6, buS |-ths -tJz |-'s -Os, -3z
Fr -'mo
Booth buO, bu?i |-th's -Os, -3z
Bonn ban
Boothbay 'buG^be
bonne Fr ban
bootjack 'butjdssek
bonnet 'bamt |-ed -id
bootleg 'butjkg |-ged -d |-ger -9-; ES -a(r
bonny 'bam
bootstrap 'butjStraep
bonspiel 'banspil, -spal
booty 'buti
bon ton Fr bo 'to
booze buz |boozes 'buziz |boozed buzd [-zy -i
bonus 'bonas |-es-iz |-ed -t
bopeep, B- bo'pip
bon vivant Fr bovi'va
Borachio bo'rat/ijo, -ki^o
bon voyage Fr bovwa'jais
boracic bo'raesik
bony 'bom; iV£«g(^-i-'bani (§46)
borage 'byids, 'bands, 'bands, 'bonds;
boo bu Ibooed bud
ES+'bsr-, 'bAr-
boob bub Iboobery 'bubari |booby 'bubi
Borah 'bora, 'bara; S 'bora
boodle 'budl |-d -d |-ling 'budhg, 'budlig
borate n 'boret, 'bar-, -rit; S 'bor-
boohoo n 'bu^hu
borate v 'boret, 'bar-; S 'boret; \-d -id
boohoo intj, v jbu'hu |-ed -d
borax 'boraks, 'bar-; S 'boraks
book buk Ibooked bukt |-ish -ij
Bordeaux bar 'do; ES baa'do
bookbinder 'buk^bainda^; ES -ibainda(r
;I-y
Borden 'bardn; ES 'baadn; |-town -^taun
-dan, -dri
border 'barda^; ES 'baada(r; |-ed -d |-ing
bookcase 'bukjkes |-s -iz
-dang, -dng, |-land -Jaend
bookkeeper 'buk^kipa^; ES -,kipa(r
bore bor, bar; ES boa(r, E-f-baa(r; |-d -d
|full ful [tooth tu6 Ifurther 'fs^Sa^; ES 'fsSa |custom 'kAstam [while hwail |how hau |toy tai
jusing 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij [vision 'visan |Eden 'idn [cradle 'krcdl [keep 'em 'kipm
boreal
54
bouquet
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with d in E and S
boreal 'borial, 'bor-; S 'bonal
botch bat/ |-es -iz |-ed -t |-edly -idb
borealis ,bori'aelis, jbori-, -'elis; S jbori-
bote bot
Boreas 'borias, 'bar-; S 'bor-; |-'s -iz
Botetourt 'bata^t^t; ES -,t3t, -^tyt
boredom 'bordom, 'bar-; ES 'boa-, E+ 'baa-
botfly 'bat;flai
borer 'bora', 'bara^; ES 'bora(r, E+'bara(r
both boe; N E7tgd+h'6(A (§46)
boresome 'borsam, 'bar-; ES 'boasam, E+
bother 'baSa^; ES 'baSafr; |-ed -d |-ing
'baa-
'batJarig, 'baSrig |-some -sam |-ation
Borghese bar'gezi; ES baa-; (// bor'ge:se)
jbaSa'refan
Borgia 'bardsa, -djia; ES 'baa-
Bothnia 'baOnia
Borglum, Gutzon 'gAtsn'barglam; ES -'baag-
Bothwell 'baOwEl, 'batJ-, -wal
boric 'bonk, 'bar-; S 'bonk
Botolph 'batalf, Boston street loc. ba'tolf
Boris 'boris, 'bar-; S 'bons; |-'s -iz
bott bat
born barn; ES baan
BotticeUi >ati't/eli (Tt ^botti't/Elli)
borne born, barn; ES boan, E+baan
bottle 'batl |-d -d |-ling 'batjig. 'batlig
Borneo 'bornijO, 'bar-; ES 'boan-, 'baan-
bottom, B- 'batam |-ed -d |-less -bs
Borodino jbara'dino, ibar-, ^bor-
Bottome ba'toni= Bottom, bottom
boron 'boron, 'bar-; S 'boran
bottomry 'batamri |-ried -d
borough 'byo, 'bs^a; ES 'bsr-, 'bAr-, 'by-
botuhsm 'bat/a jlizam
borrow, B- 'baro, -a, 'bar-, 'bor-; |-ed -d |-ing
Botulph 'batalf
-rawig
Botzaris bo'tsaris |-'s -iz
bort bart ; ES baat
Boucher 'bautJV; ES 'bautja(r
borzoi 'barzai; ES 'baa-
Boucicault 'busi^kalt (Fr busi'ko)
boscage 'baskids |-s -iz
boucle bu'kle
Boscawen NH 'baskawan, 'baskwin, Brit
boudoir bu'dwar, -'dwar; ES -'dwa:(r.
ftame bas'ko-an, -'ka-an
-'dwaa(r
Boscobel 'baskajbel
bough bau |boughed baud
bosh baX |boshes 'ba/iz | boshed haft
bought bat |boughten 'batn
bosk bask |-age -ids |-ages -idsiz |-y -i
Boughton various persons 'botn, 'batn, 'bautn
bo's'n 'bosn = boatswain
bouillabaisse jbulja'bes {Fr buja'bes)
Bosnia 'baznia |-n -n
bouillon 'buljan, -jon, bul'jan, -'jon (Fr
bosom 'buzam, 'buzam j-ed -d
bu'jo)
Bosphorus 'bosfaras |-porus -paras |-'s -iz
boulder, B- 'bolda-; ES 'bolda(r; |-ed -d
boss ti 'knob', 'chief bas, bos |-es -iz |-ed -t
boulevard 'bulajvard, 'bul-; ES -jva:d, E+
boss V 'emboss', 'order' bas, bos |-es -iz |-ed -t
-jvard; (Fr bul'va:r)
boss 'cow' bas, bos
Boulle, Boule bul
bossy 'officious' 'basi, 'bnsi
Boulogne bu'lon, ba-, -'lain {Fr bu'laji)
bossy 'cow' 'basi, 'bosi
Boult bolt
Boston, b- 'bastn, 'bostn — a prevails in
boun arch, baun, Sc bun |-(e)d -d
NEngd
bounce bauns |bounces 'baunsiz |bounced
Bostonian bas 'toman, bos-
baunst
bosun 'bosn = boatswain
bound past &° pptc of bind baund
Boswell 'bazwel, 'boz-, -wal |-ian baz'welian
bound n, adj, v baund |-ed -id |-ary -an, -ri
Bosworth 'bazwa^O, 'boz-, 'baz-; ES -waO
bounden 'baundan
bot 'bott' bat
bounteous 'bauntias
bot 'bote' bot
bountiful 'bauntafal |-ly -i, -fli
botanic bo'taemk |-al -] [-ally -h, -ikli
bounty 'baunti |bountied 'bauntid
botanist 'batnist | botany 'batni
bouquet _^ci'c'e?'5 bo'ke, bu'ke {Fr bu'ke)
botanize 'batn^aiz |-s -iz |-d -d
bouquet 'aroma' bu'ke {Fr bu'ke)
Key: See in fidl §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet jsang saeij |angry 'asg-gri
|bath baeO; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wotj (§12) Ijaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
Bourbon
55
brad
Bourbon 'burban; ES 'buab-; |-ism -jizam
\Ky CO. loc. 'byban; ES 'bab-, 'byb-
bourbon whiskey 'burban, 'byb-; ES 'buab-,
'bsb-, 'byb-
Bourchier Eng name 'bautja^ {cf §121); ES
'bautfaCr; Lord Berners 'burtfia^; ES
'bu3tXi'3(r
bourdon 'burdn, 'bordn, 'bardn; ES 'buadn,
'boadn, E+'boadn
bourg burg; ES buag; {Fr burr)
bourgeois 'middle-class^ bur'swa, 'burswa;
ES bu3-, 'bu3-; {Fr bur'swa)
bourgeois type ba^'dsais, by-; ES ba-, bs-, ba^-
bourgeoise, pi -ses bur'swaz; ES bua-; {Fr
bur'3wa:z)
bourgeoisie, ibur3wn'zi; ES ^bua-; {Fr
burswa'zi)
bourgeon 'byd33n; ES 'bsds-, 'byds-; |-ed -d
bourn, -e 'limit,* 'brook* born, born, burn;
ES boan, buan, E+boan
Bournemouth 'bornmaO, 'barn-, 'burn-; ES
'bean-, 'buan-, E+'baan-
bourse burs; ES buas; |-s -iz
bouse tiaut. baus, bauz |-s -iz [-d -t, -d
bouse, -ze 'drink' buz, bauz |-s -iz |-d -d |-sy,
-zy-i
boustrophedon jbustra'fidn |-ic bu^strafa-
'danik; ES+-jStrDfa'dDnik
bout baut
boutonniere ^butn'jer; ES -'jeaCr; {Fr
buta'nJEir)
Bovary jbova'ri {Fr bova'ri) |-rism, -rysm
'bovajrizam
bovine 'bovain
bow n, v'provi' 'nod* bau [bowed baud
bow n, V 'weapon,* 'curve* 'violin how* bo
[bowed bod
Bowdich, Bowditch 'bauditj |-'s -iz
Bowdler 'baudla^; ES 'baudla(r
Bowdlerize 'baudla^raiz |-s -iz |-d -d
Bowdoin 'bodn
bowel 'baual, baul |-s -z |-ed -d
bower 'arbor,' cards 'baua', baur; ES 'bau'a(r,
baua(r; j-ed -d |-ing 'bauarig, 'bauriol -y -i
bower 'fiddler' 'boa^; ES 'bo'a(r
bowie 'bo'i, 'bu-i
bowknot 'bo^nat, 'bo'nat; ES+-/nDt, -'not
bowl bol |-s -z I bowled bold
bowlder 'bolda^; ES 'bolda(r
bowleg 'boikg
bow-legged 'bo'legid, -'kgd ('bow-Jegged
'dog)
Bowles bolz I-'s -iz
bowline naut. 'bolin, -jlain
bowling green, B- G- 'bohij'grin
bowman, B- 'archer' 'boman |-men -man
bowman 'front oarsman' bauman |-men -man
Bowmanville 'boman,vil
bown(e) baun, Sc bun |-(e)d -d
Bowness bo'nes |-'s -iz
bowse 'drink' buz, bauz \-s -iz | d -d |-sy -zi
bowshot 'bo //at; ES+-;jDt
bowsprit 'baujsprit, 'bo-
bowstring 'bojStrio |-ed -d or -strung -/StrAg
bowyer 'boja^; ES 'boja(r
bowze 'drink' buz, bauz |-s -iz |-d -d |-zy -zi
box baks; ES+boks; |-es -iz |-ed -t
boxer, B- 'baksa^; ES 'baksa(r, 'boks-
boxful 'baksjful; ES+'bnks-; |-s -z
boxwood 'baksjwud; ES+'boks-
boy bai |-hood -hud
boycott 'baijkot, -jkot; |-ed -id
Boyesen 'baiasn
Boyet bai'et {Fr bwa'jt)
Boyle bail
Boyne bam
boys-and-girls 'baizn'gylz; ES -'galz, -'gylz
Boz baz, boz — pron. boz by Dickens for 'Mose'.
Bozzaris bo'zaeris |-'s -iz
Brabant bra'baent, 'brabant {Fr bra'ba),
Shak. 'Brabant
Brabantio bra'baen/o, -'banjo, -/ijO
brabble 'braebl |-d -d |-ling 'braeblig, -blig
brace bres | braces 'bresiz | braced brest
bracelet 'bresbt |-ed -id
brach braetj |-es -iz
brachial 'brekial, 'braek-
brachiopod 'braekiajpad, 'brek-; ES-f--jpDd
brachycephalic jbraekisa'faelik |-lism -'sefa-
ibzam
bracing 'bresig
bracken 'braekan |-ed -d
Brackenbury 'braekan^ben, -ban
Brackenridge 'braekanrids |-'s -iz
bracket 'braekit |-ed -id
brackish 'braekij
bract braekt |-ed -id |-eal -lal
brad braed |bradded 'braedid |-awl -,al
[full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan jEden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Braddock
56
bread-and-butter
Braddock 'braedak
Bradford 'braedfa^d; ES 'brasdfad
Bradshaw 'braed/o
Bradwardine 'braedwa^din, -,ain; ES -wad-
brae bre
brag braeg | bragged braegd
Bragg braeg
braggadocio jbrjega'doJijO
braggart 'braega^t; ES 'braegat
Brake bra {Dan 'bra-e)
Brahma Hindu god 'brama, fowl 'brama,
'brema
Brahman 'braman |-s -z |-ism -jizam
Brahmanic bra'maenik |-al -1
Brahmaputra jbrama'putra
Brahmin 'bramin l-ism -jizam
Brahminic bra'minik |-al -1
Brahms bramz {Ger bra:ms) |-'s -iz
braid bred | braided 'bredid
brail brel |brailed breld
Braille brel |brailled breld {Fr bra:j)
brain bren [brained brend
brainpan 'bren^paen
brainsick 'bren^sik
Braintree 'brentri, -^tri, in Engd /oc. + 'bran-
braise brez I braises 'breziz [braised brezd
Braithwaite 'breOwet, in Engd loc.+ ^hreOit —
cf. Breathitt
brake arch, past of break brek
brake n, v brek jbraked brekt |-age -ids
brakeman, -men 'brekman
brakesman, -men 'breksman
bramble 'braembl |-d -d l-hng -bho |b]y -bli
bran, B- braen
brancard 'braegka'd; ES 'braegkad
branch braentj; E+branfJ, brant/; |-es -iz
l-ed -t
brand braend [branded 'braendid
Brandeis 'braendais |-'s -iz
Brandenburg 'braendan^byg; ES -jbsg, -ibyg;
{Ger 'brandan^burk)
brand ied 'br«ndid
brandish 'braendi/ |-es -iz [-ed -t
brand-new 'braen 'nju, 'braend-, -'niu, -'nu
Brandon 'braendan
brandtail 'brienjtel
brandy 'braendi jbrandied 'braendid
Brandy wine 'braendi, wain
Brangwaine 'braegwen
bran-new 'braen'nju, -'niu, -'nu
brant brtent
brantail 'brien,tel
brash brae/
brasier 'bresa^; ES 'bresaCr
brass braes; E-f-bras, bras; |-es -iz |-ed -t
brassard 'braesard; ES 'braesa:d, E-i--a:d
brassart 'braesa't; ES 'briesat
brassie, -y, -ey 'braesi; E-f-'brasi, 'brasi
brassiere bra'zir, ^braesi'tr; ES -'zia(r, -'tacr
brass-smith 'braes,smi6; E+'bras-, 'bras-;
|-ths -Gs
brassware 'braes, w£r, -,waer; E -,w£a(r,
-,waea(r, 'bras-, 'bras-; S 'braes ,waea(r
brasswork 'braes, wyk; ES -,w3k, -,wyk, E-i-
'bras-, 'bras-
brassy 'braesi; E-t-'brasi, 'brasi
brat braet |-hng -lig |-tish -i/
Brathwaite 'breOwet
Bratislava 'brati,slava, ,brati'slava
brattice 'braetis |-s -iz |-d -t
Brattleboro 'braetljbyo, -,bya; ES -,b3r-,
-,bAr-, -,b3^-
Brauwer 'braua^; ES 'brau-a(r
bravado bra'vado, -'vedo |-ed -d
brave brev | braved brevd |-ry -an, -ri
bravo ^well done!' 'bravo
bravo ^villain'' 'bravo, 'brevo
bravura bra'vjura, -'viura {It bra'vuira)
braw Sc bra, bra
brawl bral [brawled braid
brawn bran |brawned brand |-edness -idnis
bray bre [brayed bred
braze brez [brazes 'breziz [brazed brezd
brazen 'brezn |-ed -d [ing 'breznig, -znig
brazenfaced 'brezn 'f est [-ly -'fesidh ('brazen-
,faced 'lie)
brazenness 'breznnis
brazier 'brassworker' 'bresa^, 'breziy; ES
'bre3a(r, -zi-aCr
brazier /or hot coals 'bresa^; ES 'bresaCr
Brazil, b- bra'zil, ba^'zil [ian -jan
brazihn 'braezjin
Brazos, -zos' 'brazes, 'brezas, -zds
Brea 'bria
breach brit/ [breaches 'brit/iz [-ed -t
bread hvEd j breaded 'bredid
Breadalbane bred'alban
bread-and-butter 'brEdn'bAt*; ES -'bAta(r
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret jyet jet jsang saeg [angry 'aeg-gn
[bath baeG; E baO (§10) [ah a [far far [watch wot/, wot/ (§12) [jaw d^o [gorge gards [go go
breadfruit
57
bridgehead
breadfruit 'bredjfrut, -^friut
breed brid |bred bred
breadstuff 'bred^stAf
breeks briks
breadth brede, brete |-ths -Os
Breese 'briz |-'s -iz
breadwinner 'brEd^wina^; ES -jWin3(r
breeze briz [breezes 'briziz | breezed brizd
break brek [past broke brok or arch, brake
Bremen US 'briman, Germany 'breman.
brek \pptc broken 'brokan or arch, or slang
'breman (Ger 'bre:man)
broke brok; |A^£wg(^+br3k(3n)
Bremerton 'brema^tan; ES 'brEmatan
breakable 'brekabl |-bly -bk
Brenner 'brEna^; ES 'br£na(r
breakage 'brekids |-s -iz
Brereton 'brirtn; ES 'briatn, S-f'brEa-
breakbone 'brek,bon
Br'er Rabbit bra^'raebit; ES bra'raebit
breakdown 'brekjdaun
Breslau 'brEsb {Ger 'brEslau)
breakfast 'brekfast |-ed -id
Brest brESt
breakneck 'brek,nek
Brest Litovsk 'brestli'tafsk, -'tofsk
Breakspeare 'brek^spir; ES -iSpi3(r, S+
brethren, B- 'brE?irin, -ran
-;SpE3(r
Breton 'brstn (Fr bra'to)
breakup 'brek^Ap
breve briv
breakwater 'brek^wata^, -jwata^, -jWDta^; ES
brevet bra 'vet, 'brEvit |-ed -id |-cy -'vEtsi
-t3(r
breviary 'brivi,£ri, 'brEVi-
bream brim | breamed brimd
brevier bra'vir; ES -'via(r, S+-'v£a(r
breast brEst [breasted 'brestid |-band -jbaend
brevity 'brevati
breastbone 'brest'bon, -jbon
brew bru, briu |-ed -d |-ery -an, -ri
Breasted 'brestid
brewer, B- 'brua^, 'briua^; ES -a(r
breastpin 'brEstjpin, 'bres-
Brewster 'brusta^, 'briu-; ES -sta(r
breastplate 'brestjplet, 'brts-
Brian 'braian
breastsummer 'brEstjSAma', 'brEsama^; ES
Briand 'briand (Fr bri'a)
-jSAm3(r, -S3m3(r
briar 'braia^; ES 'brai-a(r
breastwork 'brEst/wyk; ES -jwak, -jwyk
Briarean brai'Erian, -'er- |-reus -rias [-reus's
breath brEO |-ths -Os |-less -bs |-y -i
-riasiz
breathe briS | breathed briSd
briarroot 'braia^/rut, -irut; ES 'brai-a-
breathed adj ^having (such) b.,' 'voiceless'
bribe braib | bribed braibd |-ry -an, -ri
brEGt
bric-a-brac 'brika^braek ]-kery -an, -ri
Breathitt 'btEOit, cf Braithwaite
brick brik | bricked brikt
breccia 'brEtJia, 'brEjia {li 'brettja)
brickbat 'brik,baet |-ted -id
Breckenridge, Breckinridge 'brEkanridj |-'s
brickkiln 'bnkjkil, -jkiln — c/kiln
-IZ
bricklayer 'brikjea^; ES -jle-a(r
Brecknock 'breknak, -nak, -nok | -shire -iJir,
brickie 'bnkj
-Ja-; ES -Jia(r, -Ja(r
brick-red 'brik'rEd ('brick-jred 'paint)
Brecon 'brskan
brickwork 'brik^wyk; ES -jwsk, -jws^k
bred pasl &° pptc of breed brsd
brickyard 'brikjard; ES -ja:d, E+-ja:d
brede tt arch, brid
bridal 'braidl |-ly-i
breech britj, britj" |-es -iz 1-ed -t
bride braid |brided 'braidid
breechblock 'brit/.blak, 'brit/-; ES+-,blDk
bride-ale, brideale 'braid,el
breechcloth 'britJikbO, 'britJ"-, -.klDO |-ths
bridechamber 'braid^t/emba^; ES -jt/emba(r
-3z, -es
bridegroom 'braidjgrum, -jgrum
breeches garment 'brit/iz
bridesmaid 'braidz^med
breeching 'brit/ii), 'britjio — Those familiar
bridesman 'braidzman, -jinaen |-men -man
■with harness call it 'britjiij.
bridewell, B- 'braidwEl, -wal
breechloader 'britj'loda^, 'brit/-; ES -'loda(r
bridge brids [bridges 'bridsiz |-d -d
breech-pin 'brit/,pin, 'brit/-
bridgehead 'brids^hEd
|full ful |tooth tuO [further 'fytia^; ES 'faSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzio [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredj [keep 'em 'kipip
Bridgeport
58
brock
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with d in E and S
Bridgeport 'brid3jport, -ipart; ES -]po3t, E+
brisk brisk [brisked bnskt [-en -an [-ened
-'pD3t
-and
Bridges 'bridsiz [Bridges' 'bridsiz
brisket 'briskit
bridget, B- 'bridsit
bristle 'brisl |-d -d [-ling 'bnsbg, -slig
Bridgewater, -dgw- 'brids^wDty, -jwata^.
bristly 'brisli, 'brisb
-jWDta^; ES -taii;— formerly -Walter
Bristol 'bnstj (Bristow in 1142)
bridgework 'brids^wyk; ES -^wak, -jW^k
Bristow US 'bristo
Bridgman 'bndsman
Britain 'britn, 'britan [-tish -tij
bridle 'braidl |-d -d |-ling ^braidlig, -dlig
Britannia bri'tania, -nja |-ic -ik ]-ica -ika
bridleless 'braidlhs
Briticism 'bntajSizam
Brie bri
Briton 'britn, 'britan ,
brief brif | briefed brift
Brittain 'britn, 'britan
brier 'braia^; ES 'brai'3(r; |-ed -d
Brittany 'bntni
brierroot 'braia^^rut, -jtut; ES 'brai'3-
brittle 'britl jbrittlely 'bntlli, 'britli |-r -tjy.
brieve briv
-tla-; ES -a(r; |-st -tjist, -tbst
brig brig
Britton 'britn, 'britan
brigade bri'ged [-gaded -'gedid
Brno 'byno; ES 'bsno, 'bs^no
brigadier jbriga'dir; ES -'di3(r, S+-'de3(r
broach brotj [broaches 'brot/iz [-ed -t
brigand 'brigand |-ed -id |-age -ids
broad brDd [-ax, -axe -jaeks [-axes -^aeksiz
brigandine 'brigsn^din, -jdain
broadbill 'bradjbil
brigantine 'briganjtin, -jtain
broadbrim, B- 'brad j brim
Brigham 'brigam
broad-brimmed 'brad'brimd ('broad-jbrimmed
bright, B- brait
'hat)
brighten 'braitn [ed -d |-ing 'braitnig, -tnig
broadcast 'brad^kaest; E+-jkast, -,kast;
brighteyes, B- 'brait^aiz
\past b' pptc -cast, radio +-Cdii,\.ed -id
Brighton 'braitn
broadcloth 'bradjklaO, -jkloO [-ths -Gs
Bright's disease 'braitsdi^ziz
broaden 'bradn |-ed -d |-ing 'bradnig, -dnig
brill bnl
broad-gauge 'brad^geds [-s -iz
brilliance 'briljans |-cy -i |-iant -jant
broad-gauged 'brad'gedsd ('broad-jgauged
brilliantine n 'brilJ3n,tin, v jbriljan'tin |-d -d
'mind)
brim brim | brimmed brimd
broadleaf, B- 'bradjif
brimful, -11 'brim'ful ('hearts 'brim'ful,
broad-minded 'brad'maindid
'brimjful 'eye)
Broad Ripple 'brad^ripl
brimmer 'brima'; ES 'brim3(r; |-ed -d
broadside n, v 'brad, said [-d -id
brimstone 'brinijSton
broadside adv 'brad'said, -,said
brinded 'brindid
broadsword 'brad^sord, -,sard; ES -,soad, E+
Brindisi 'brindazi (It 'brindizi)
-jsaad
brindle 'brindl | brindled 'brindld
Broadview 'brad^vju, -,viu, -'v-
brine brain | brined braind
Broadway 'brad^we
bring brig [brought brat
Brobdignag erron. for next
bringing-up 'brigigAp
Brobdingnag 'brabdig,naeg [-ian ,brabdig-
brink brigk
'naegian
briny 'braim
brocade bro'ked [-caded -'kedid
brio 'brio
brocatel, -lie ^braka'tel
brioche 'brio/, 'briaj, -dJ (Fr bri'af)
broccoU 'brakah, 'brakh {It 'brakkoli)
briquette, -quet bri'ket |-(e)d -id
brochure bro'/jur, -'Jiur, -'/ur; ES -ua(r; {Fr
Brisbane 'brizben, -ban
brb'/yrr)
Briseis brai'siis |-'s -iz
brock brak
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet jsang saeg [angr}- 'aeg-gri
(bath baeO; E ba6 (§10) [ah a [far far [watch watj, wot/ (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
Brockport
59
Brummell
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with n in E and S
Brockport 'brak^port, -ipart; ES -ipoat, E+
broomcorn 'brumikarn, 'brum-; ES -^kaan
-iPaat
Broome NY county hrum
Brockton 'braktan
broomrape 'brum^rep, 'brum-
brocoli 'brakab, 'brakb
broomstick 'brum^stik, 'brum-
Brodhead 'bradjhEd, 'brad-
broth brae, broO |-ths -Os
brogan 'brogan
brothel 'braOal, 'broeal, -(Sal
brogue brog |brogued brogd
brother 'brAtJa^; ES -tJa(r; |-ed -d |-ing
broider 'braida^; ES -daCr; |-ed -d |-ing
'brA^ang, 'brA^rig
'broidarig, 'broidrig
brotherhood 'brAtJa'jhud; ES 'brAcSa-
broil brail | broiled braild
brother-in-law 'brA'SarmJa, 'brAtJ^njla; ES
brokage 'brokids
'brASarmJa, 'brAcSanJa
broke brok; NEngd+hrSk {§46)
brotherly 'brA^a^h; ES 'brAtSali
broken 'brokan; iVJS«g(/+ 'brokan {§46);
brothers-in-law 'brAtJa^zinJa, 'brAcSa'znJa; ES
|-ness -kaimis
'brAcSazin^a, 'brAtJazn^Ia
broken-down 'brokan'daun
brougham 'bruam, brum, 'bream
brokenhearted 'brokan'hartid; ES -'ha:tid,
Brougham brum, 'bruam
E+-'ha:tid
brought brat
broken-winded 'brokan'windid
Broun, Heywood 'brun
broker 'broka^; ES 'brokaCr
brow brau |browed braud
brokerage 'brokarids, 'brokrids
Broward 'braua'd; ES 'brau-ad
bromal 'bromael
browbeat 'brau^bit \past -beat -jbit \pptc
bromate ^bromet | -mated -metid
-beaten -jbitn
Brom Bones 'bram'bonz |-'s -iz
Brower braua^; ES 'brau-aCr
Bromfield 'bram,fild
brown braun |-ed -d |-ness 'braunms
bromic 'bromik
Brown(e) braun
bromide 'bromaid, -mid [bromid 'bromid
Brownell 'braunel, brau'ntl
bromine 'bromin, -mm [bromin 'bromin
brown-eyed 'braun'aid ('brown-jeyed 'Susan)
Bromley 'brAmb, 'bram-
Brownian 'braunian
Bromwich 'brAmidj, 'bram-, -wit/ |-'s -iz
brownie 'braum
bronchi pi 'bragkai
Browning 'braumg
bronchia pi 'bragkia
brownstone 'brauiijSton
bronchial 'bragkial |-ly -i
Brownsville 'braunzvil; S+-vl
bronchitis bran'kaitis, brag- |-chitic -'kitik
browntail 'braun^tel
broncho see bronco
brown-tailed 'braun'teld ( 'brown- j tailed
bronchoscope 'bragkajskop
'moth)
bronchus 'bragkas | bronchi 'bragkai
browse brauz |browses 'brauziz |-d -d
bronco 'bragko |-buster -jbAsta'; ES -ta(r
Bruce brus, brius |-'s -iz
Bronson 'brAnsn, 'bransn
bruckle 'brAkl
Bronte 'branti
Bruges 'brudsiz, bru3 {Fr hry.^) [Bruges'
Brontosaurus, b- jbranta'saras j-'s -iz
'brudsiz iBruges's 'brujiz
Bronx bragks |-'s -iz |-ville -vil
Brugmann 'brugman {Ger 'brugman)
bronze branz bronzes 'branziz [-d -d
bruin 'brum, 'briuin
brooch brot/, brut J |-es -iz |-ed -t
bruise bruz, briuz |-s -iz |-d -d
brood brud [brooded 'brudid
bruit brut, briut |-ed -id
brook bruk | brooked brukt |-let -lit
brumal 'bruml, 'briumi
Brooke bruk
brume brum, brium
Brookline 'bruklain [-lyn -lin
brummagem, B- 'brAmadsam
broom brum, brum |-ed -d
Brummell 'brAml
|full ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fySa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Brunanburh
60
Buenos Aires
Brunanburh 'brunan^byg; ES -ibsg, -jbyg;
Bucephalus bju'sefalas, biu- |-'s -iz
{OE 'brunan^burx)
Buchan 'bAkan {Sc 'bAxan)
Brundisium brAn'diziam
Buchanan bju'kaenan, biu-, ba-
Brunelleschi jbrunj'Eski {It jbrunel'kski)
Bucharest jbjuka'rest, ^biu-, ^bu acct -^
brunet, -tte bru'net, briu-
'Bucha^rest
Brunhild 'brunhild {Ger 'bruinhilt)
Buchmanism 'bAkman^izam |-ite -jait
Brunhilde brun'hilda {Ger bruin'hilda)
Buchtel 'buktl {Ger 'buxtal)
Bruno 'bruno, 'briuno
buck, B- bAk bucked bAkt
Brunswick 'brAnzwik, -zik
buckaroo 'bAka^ru, jbAka'ru
brunt brAnt |brunted 'brAntid
buckayro bAk'ero
brush, B- brAj |brushes 'brA/iz |-ed -t
buckboard 'bAk^bord, -jbard; ES -jboad, E+
brushbush 'brAj^buf |-es -iz
-jbaad
brushland 'brAjJaend
bucket 'bAkit |-ed -id |-ful -,ful ]-fuls -^fulz
brushwood 'brAj,wud
buckeye 'bAk,ai |-d -d
brusque brAsk, br.usk {Fr brysk)
Buckhannon bAk'haenan
Brussells 'brAslz |-ls' -Iz
Buckingham US 'bAkig,haeni, F^ni^d 'bAkigam
Brussells sprouts 'brAsl'sprauts, 'brAslz's-
Buckinghamshire 'bAkioauij/ir, -j^; ES
Brut brut, briut
-Jiafr, -/a(r
brutal 'brutl, 'briutl |-ly -i
buckle, B- 'bAkl l-d -d |-ling 'bAkliQ, -kho
brutality bru'taebti, briu-
buckler /ram buckle 'bAkla^, 'bAkja^; ES -a(r
brutalization jbrutja'zejan, ,briutl-, -ai'z-
buckler 'shield' 'bAkla^; ES 'bAkla(r
brutalize 'brutjiaiz, 'briutl- |-s -iz |-d -d
Bucknell Pa coll. 'bAknel, bAk'nel; Eng places
brute brut, briut |-tify -Sjfai |-tified -a^faid
'bAknal
brutish 'brutij, 'briutij
bucko 'bAko
Brutus 'brutas, 'briutas -'s -iz
buckra 'bAkra
Bruyere bru'jer; ES -'je3(r; {Fr bry'je:r)
buckram 'bAkram |-ed -d
Bryan 'braian |-ism -jizam
Bucks Pa 6" short for Buckinghamshire bAks
Bryant 'braiant
bucksaw 'bAk^sa
Bryce brais |-'s -iz
buckshot 'bAkJat; ES+-jDt
Brynhild 'brinhild {Scand 'bryn-)
buckskin 'bAkjskin |-ned -d
Brynmawr, -maur Wales brin'mar; ES
buckthorn 'bAk^Barn; ES -jGaan
-'m33(r; {S. Welsh brin'maur)
bucktooth 'bAkjtuO | -teeth -jtiO
Bryn Mawr Pa brin'mar, loc. -'mar; ES
buckwheat 'bAkjhwit
-'ni33(r, -'ma:(r
bucolic, B- bju'kalik, biu-; ES-h-'knl-
bryology brai'aladsi; ES+-'d1-
Bucovina jbuka'vina
bryony 'braiam
Bucyrus bju'sairas, biu- |-'s -iz
bryophyte 'braia.fait
bud bAd budded 'bAdid
Brython 'briGan |Brythonic bri'Oanik; ES+
Budapest jbjuda'pEst, jbiuda-, jbuda-
-'eon-
Buddha 'buda |-ddhism -dizam |-ddhist -dist
bubble 'bAbl l-d -d l-ling 'bAbbrj, 'bAbho
Buddhistic bud'istik |-al -1
bubble and squeak 'bAblan'skwik
buddy 'bAdi
bubbler 'bAbla-, 'bAbla-; ES -3(r; |-bly -bh.
budge bAds |budges 'bAdsiz [budged bAd3d
-bli
budget 'bAdsit j-ed -id |-ary 'bAdsijteri
bubo 'bjubo, 'biubo
Budle 'bjudj, 'biudl
bubonalgia jbjuban'aeldsia, jbiu-
Buell 'bjual, 'biual
bubonic bju'banik, biu-; ES+-'bDnik
Buena Vista US 'bjuna 'vista, 'biu-; CA
buccal 'bAkl |-ly -i
'bwena'vista {Sp 'bwena'(5ista)
buccaneer jbAka'nir; ES -'ni3(r, S+-'nE3(r;
Buenos Aires 'bonas'sriz, -'aeriz, -'eriz,
l-ed -d
'bwenas'airiz {Sp 'bwenas 'aires) — In the
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet jsang saeg |angry 'asg-gri
|bath b«6; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wotj" (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
buff
61
bunk
19th c. a common Anglicized form in both
bulldoze 'buljdoz |-s -iz |-d -d
Engd b' America was 'bonas'srz, -'aerz;
Bullen 'bulin = Boleyn
E -'£3z, ES -'aeaz — see §122.
bullet 'buht |-ed -id
buff bAf 1 buffed bAft
buUethead 'buhtjhed
buffalo, B- 'bAfjjO |-ed -d
bulletheaded 'bulit'tedid ('bulletjheaded
buffer 'bAfa^; ES 'bAf3(r; |-ed -d
'boy)
buffet 'stroke,^ 'strike' 'bAfit |-ed -id
bulletin 'bulatn, -tin
buffet '■sideboard' bA'fe, ba-, bu-, Brit 'bAfit
bulletproof v 'bulit^pruf |-ed -t
buffet 'restaurant' bu'fe, 'bufe {Fr hy^iz)
bulletproof adj 'bulit'pruf ('bullet-proof 'hat)
bufflehead 'bAfl^hed
bullfight 'bul;fait
buffo 'bufo {It 'buffo)
bullfinch, B- 'buljfintj |-es -iz
Buffon 'bAfan (Fr by'fo)
bullfrog 'buljfrag, -ifrag, -ifrog; S -^frag.
buffoon bA'fun |-ed -d |-eiy -an, -ri
-,frag, -jfrog
Bufo 'bjufo, 'biu-
bullhead 'bul^hed
Buford 'bjufa^d, 'biu-; ES -fad
buUheaded 'bul'hedid ('bulljheaded 'obsti-
Bug riv. bug, bAg
nacy)
bug bAg bugged bAgd
bullion 'buljan
bugaboo 'bAgajbu
BuUitt 'buht
bugbane 'bAg^ben
Bulloch 'bulak
bugbear 'bAg;ber, -jbaer; E -jbEa(r, ES
bullock, B- 'bulak
-jbaea(r
BuUokar 'bula^kar; ES -jka:(r
buggy 'bAgi |-gies -z
Bull Run 'bul'rAn
bugle 'bjugl, 'biu- id -d |-ling -glio. -gbo
bull's-eye 'bulz^ai
bugloss 'bjuglas, 'biu-, -gins, -gbs |-es -iz
bully 'bull Ibullied 'buhd
Buhl US bjul, biul, bul
bulrush 'buljrAj |-es -iz
Buhl Fr cabinetmaker bul
bulwark 'bulwark; ES -wak; |-ed -t
buhl bul |-work -^wyk; ES -jwsk, -jwyk
Bulwer 'bulwa^; ES 'bulwair
buhrstone 'by^ston; ES 'bs-, 'by-
Bulwer-Lytton 'bulwa^'litn; ES 'bulwa-
Buick 'bjuik, 'biuik
bum bAm i bummed bAind
build bild 1 built bilt or arch, builded -id
bumblebee 'bAmbl,bi
built-in 'bilt'in ('built-jin 'cupboard)
bumblepuppy 'bAmbl^pApi
Bukarest, Bukha- jbjukaVest, ^biu-, jbu
bumboat 'bAm,bot
OCC/+ 'Buka^rest
bump bAmp | bumped bAmpt |-er -a-; ES -a(r
Bukhara bu'kara
bumpkin 'bAmpkin
Bukovina jbuka'vina
bumptious 'bAmpJas
bulb bAlb i bulbed bAlbd
bun bAn
bulbose 'bAlbos [bulbous 'bAlbas
bunch bAotJ [bunches 'bAnt/iz |-ed -t
bulbul 'bulbul
bunco 'bAgko |-ed -d
Buliinch 'buljfintj |-'s -iz
buncombe, B- 'bAokam
Bulgar 'bAlga^, 'bul-, -gar; ES -ga(r, -ga:(r
bund bAnd | bunded 'bAndid
Bulgaria bAl'geria, bul-, -'ger- |-n -n
Bund bund {Ger bunt)
bulge bAlds; S+bulds; |-s -iz |-d -d
bundle 'bAndl |-d -d |-ling 'bAndlig, -dlig
bulk bAlk, esp. S bulk |-ed -t |-y -i
bung bAg [bunged bAgd
bulkhead 'bAlk.hed, esp. S 'bulk-
bungalow 'bAggaJo
buU,B-buI|bulledbuld
Bungay 'bAggi
bulla 'bula, 'bAla |-lae -i
bunghole 'bAgjhoI
buUace 'buhs, -as |-s -iz
bungle 'bAggl |-d -d [-hng 'bAgglig, -glig
BuUcalf 'bul,k£ef ; E -,kaf, -,kaf, -,k«f
bunion 'bAujan, -jin
bulldog 'buljdag, -jdog
bunk bAgk [bunked bAgkt
[full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fa^Sa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail jhow hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'id;a [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipni
bunko
62
Burroughs
bunko 'bAgko |-ed -d
bunkum 'bAgkam
bunny 'bAni
Bunsen 'bAnsn (Ger 'bunzan)
bunt bAnt | bunted 'bAntid | bunting 'bAntig
buntline 'bAnthn, -lain
Bunyan 'bAnjan, -jin
Buonaparte 'bonajport; ES -jpa:t, E+-jpa:t;
(Fr bqana'part, bwan-)
buoy bai, 'bu-i |-ed -d
buoyancy 'baiansi, 'bujan- |-ant -ant
buprestid bja'prestid, biu-
bur by; ES bsCr, by; |-red -d
Burbage 'bybids; ES 'bs-, 'by-; l-'s -iz
Burbank, b- 'bybaegk; ES 'bs-, 'by-; |-ed -t
burberry 'by, ben, -ban; ES 'bs-, 'by-
burble 'bybl; ES 'bsbl. 'bybl; |-d -d |-ling
-bbo, -bjig
burbot 'bybat; ES 'bsbat, 'bybat
burden 'bydn; ES 'bsdn, 'bydn; |-ed -d
]-ing -dnig, -dnig |-some -sam
Burdett(e) ba^'det; ES ba-
Burdett-Couts 'bydet'kuts, ba^'det-; ES 'bs-,
'by-, ba- |-'s -iz
burdock 'by^dak; ES 'bs-, 'by-, -^dok
bureau 'bjuro, -ra, 'biu-
bureaucracy bju'rakrasi, biu-; ES+-'rDk-
bureaucrat 'bjura,kraet, 'biu-
burette, -ret bju'ret, biu-
burg byg; ES bag, byg; |-age -ids
burgeon bydsan; ES 'bsds-, 'byds-; |-ed -d
Burger Ger 'byrgar
burgess, B- 'bydsis; ES 'bsds-, 'byds-;
|-es -iz
Burgettstown 'bydsitSjtaun; ES 'bsds-,
'byd3-
burgh byg; ES bsg, byg; {Sc 'bAro, -a)
Burgh, de di'byg; ES di'bsg, di'byg
burgher, B- 'byga*; ES 'bsgafr, 'byga(r
Burghley, -leigh 'byli; ES 'bsh, 'byli
burglar 'bygla^; ES 'b3gla(r, 'bygla(r; |-y -i
burglarize 'bygla^raiz; ES 'bsg-, 'byg-; |-s
-IZ |-d -d
burgle 'bygj; ES 'bsgl, 'bygl; [-d -d |-ling
-ghg, -ghg
burgomaster 'by ga ,maest3^ ; ES 'b3ga,m«sta (r,
'byga-, E+-jmas-, -,mas-
burgonet 'byga^ntt; ES 'bsg-, 'byg-
burgoo, -gout 'bygu, by'gu; ES -s-, -y-
BurgojTie ba^'gain; ES ba'gain
burgrave 'bygrev; ES 'bs-, 'by-
Burgundian ba^'gAndian; ES ba'gAn-
Burgundy 'bygandi; ES 'bsgan-, 'bygan-
burial 'berial
burin 'bjurin, 'biu-
burke, B- byk; ES bsk, byk; |-d -t
burl byl; ES bsl, byl; |-ed -d
burlap 'bylaep; ES 'bs-, 'by-; |-ped -t
Burleson 'bylisn; ES 'bsl-, 'byl-
burlesque ba^'ksk, by'ksk; ES ba'ksk, bs-
by-; |-d -t ('bur,lesque 'play)
Burley, b- 'byli; ES 'bsh, 'byk
Burlingame 'bylig,gem, -igam; ES 'bsl-,
'byl-; The 1st is a sp. pron. Same 'ii'ord as
Burlingham.
Burlingham 'bylig,haem, -igam; ES 'bs-,
'by-
Burlington 'bybgtan; ES 'bshg-, 'bybg-
burly 'byli; ES 'bsh, 'byli
Burma 'byma; ES 'bsma, 'byma; |-n -n
Burmese by'miz; ES bs'miz, by'miz
burn byn; ES bsn, byn; [-ed -d or -t -t
Burne-Jones 'byn'dsonz; ES 'bsn-, 'byn-;
|-'S -IZ
Burnell 'bynj; ES 'bsnl, 'bynj
burner 'byna^; ES 'bsna(r, 'byna(r
burnet B- 'bynit; ES 'bsnit, 'bynit
Burnett by 'net, 'bynit; ES bs-, by-, 'bs-,
'by-
Burney 'byni; ES 'bsni, 'byni
Burnham 'bynam; ES 'bsnam, 'bynam
burnish 'byni/; ES 'bs-, 'by-; |-es -iz |-ed -t
burnoose, -nous ba^'nus, 'bynus; ES ba-,
'bs-, 'by-; |-(e)s -iz |-(e)d -t
Burns bynz; ES bsnz, b^nz; |-'s- iz |-ian -lan
burnside, B- 'byn^said; ES 'bsn-, 'byn-;
|-s -z
burnt bynt; ES bsnt^bynt
Burntisland 'bynt'ailand ; ES 'bsnt-, 'bynt-;
Sc+ 'br Ant-
burr, B- by; ES b3(r, by; |-ed -d
Burrillville 'byal^vil, 'byl-; ES 'bsr-, 'bAr-,
'by-, 'bsl-, 'by|-
Burritt 'byit; ES 'bsnt, 'bAnt, 'byit
burro 'byo, 'buro, -a; ES 'bsr-, 'bAr-, 'by-,
'bur-
Burroughs 'byoz, -az; ES 'bsr-, 'bAt-, 'by-;
Key: See in full §§3-A7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |aiigry 'feg-gn
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a [far far |watch watj, wotj" (§12) [jaw dsa jgorge gards |go go
burrow
63
buy
burrow 'byo, -a; ES 'bar-, 'bAr-, 'bs'-; |-ed -d
burrowing 'bs'awig; ES 'bsrawig, 'bAr-, 'by-
Burrows 'byoz, -az; ES 'bar-, 'bAr-, 'by-;
|-'s -iz
burrstone 'by^ston; ES 'ba-, 'by-
bursa 'bysa; ES 'basa, 'bysa; \-s -z |-sae -si
bursar 'bysa^; ES 'b3S3(r, 'bysaCr; |-y -i
burse bys; ES bas, bys; |-s -iz
burst byst; ES bsst, byst
burstone 'by^ston; ES 'bs-, 'by-
burthen 'bytJan; ES 'bsSan, 'bySan; |-ed -d
Burton 'bytn; ES 'bstn, 'bytn
bury 'ben | buried 'bend
Bury places 'ben, surname 'ben, 'bjuri, 'biu-
burying ground 'benig^graund
bus bAS Ibusses, buses 'bAsiz
busby, B- 'bAzbi
Busch buf |-'s -IZ
bush buj" Ibushes 'bufiz [bushed buft
bushel 'bufal |-ed -d [-ing 'bujalig, 'bujlig
bushing 'bu/ig
bushman, B-, -men 'bufman
Bushnell 'bufnal
bushranger 'buf^rendsa'; ES -jrend3a(r
bushwhack 'bujjhwaek |-ed -t [-er -a^; ES -a(r
bushy, B- 'bufi
busily 'bizli, -zih
business '■occupation' 'biznis |-es -iz
business, busy- ''activity^ 'bizinis
businesslike 'biznis^aik
businessman 'biznis,maen |-men -jmen
Busiris bju'sains, biu- |-'s -iz
busk bAsk Ibusked bAskt
buskin 'bAskin |-ed -d
busman, -men 'bAsman
Busra, -rah 'bAsra=vBasra
buss bAS Ibusses 'bAsiz |bussedbAst
bust M, V bAst I busted 'bAstid
bustard 'bAsta'd; ES 'bAstad
busticate 'bAsta^ket |-d -id
bustle 'bAsl |-d -d |-ling 'bAslig, 'bAslig
busy 'bizi I busied 'bizid
busybody 'bizi^badi; ES-t- -jbodi
busyness 'bizinis
but unstressed bat, stressed or hesit. 'bAt, }i\t
but-and-ben 'bAtn'ben
butane 'bjuten, 'biu-, bju'ten, biu-
butcher 'but/a^; ES 'but/aCr; |-ed -d |-ing
'but/ang, 'butjrig |-y -i, -tjri
butcherbird 'butJV^byd; ES 'but/a jbad,
'but/a jbyd
butcher-knife 'but/a' ^naif; ES 'but/a-; j-ives
-aivz
Bute bjut, biut
butler, B- 'bAtla^; ES 'bAtla(r; |-y -i
butt, B- bAt I butted 'bAtid
butte, B- bjut, biut
butter 'bAta^; ES 'bAta(r; |-ed -d
butter-and-eggs 'bAta^n'egz, 'bAtarand'egz;
ES 'bAtan-, 'bAtarand-
buttercup 'bAta^jkAp; ES 'bAta-
butterfat 'bAta^jfaet; ES 'bAta-
butterfingers 'bAta^jfigga^z; ES 'bAta^figgaz
butterfly 'bAta'jflai; ES 'bAta-; i -flies -jflaiz
l-flied -;flaid
Butterick 'bAtarik, 'bAtnk
butterine 'bAtajrin, -rin
butterman 'bAta'jinaen, -man; ES 'bAta-;
I -men -jinen, -man
Buttermere 'bAta^jnur; ES 'bAta^miaCr, S-i-
-jmea(r
buttermilk 'bAta^^milk; ES 'bAta-
butternut 'bAta^nat, -^nAt; ES 'bAta-
butterscotch 'bAta^'skat/; ES 'bAta'skatJ,
-'skntj; |-es -iz ('butter-scotch 'flavor)
Butterwick 'bAtarik, 'bAta^wik; ES 'bAtarik,
'bAtawik
Butterworth 'bAta^wa'O, -jWyO; ES 'bAtawaG,
-iW36, 'bAtajWyO
buttery Hike butter' 'bAtan
buttery 'pantry' 'bAtri, 'bAtan
buttle 'bAtl |-d -d |-ling 'bAtlig, 'bAtlig
buttock 'bAtak |buttocked 'bAtakt
button, B- 'bAtn |-ed -d |-ing 'bAtnig, -tnig
buttonhole 'bAtn^hol |-d -d
buttonhook 'bAtn^huk
buttonwood 'bAtn^wud
buttress 'bAtris j-es -iz |-ed -t
Butts bAts |-'s -iz
butts and bounds 'bAtsn'baundz, -nz
buttstock 'bAtjStak, -^stok
butyl 'bjutil, 'biu-
butylene 'bjutjjin, 'biu-
butyric bju'tink, biu- |-ally -li, -ikli
butyrin 'bjutann, 'biu-
buxom 'bAksam
Buxton 'bAkstan
buy bai | bought bat
|full ful |tooth tue [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kred| [keep 'em 'kipm
buzz
64
Cadillac
buzz bAz [buzzes 'Baziz | buzzed bAzd
buzzard 'bAza^d; ES 'bAzad
Buzzard's Bay 'bAza^dz'be; ES 'bAzadz-
by stressed 'bai, jbai; zm^/r. bai, ba
by-and-by 'baian'bai, 'baim'bai
bye bai
bye-bye n 'baijbai
bye-bye intj 'bai 'bai, 'baijbai
byelaw 'baijb
by-form 'bai^farm; ES -jfaam
bygone 'bai^gDn, -jgon, viuch lessfreq. -/gan
bylaw 'baijb
byname 'bai,nein |-d -d
Bynner 'bina^; ES 'bin3(r
by-pass 'bai^paes; E+-jpas, -^pas; |-es -iz
l-ed -t
bypast 'bai/paest; E+-jpast, -jpast
bypath 'bai^paeS; E-H-,pa6, -ipaO; |-ths -Sz
byplay 'baijple
by-product 'baijpradakt, -dAkt; ES+-jprDd-
Byrd b^d; ES bad, b^d
byre bair; ES bai3(r
Byrne byn; ES bsn, byn
bymie 'byni; ES 'bsni, 'byni
byroad 'bai^rod
Byrom 'bairam
Byron 'bairan |-esque jbair3n'8sk
Byronian bai'ronian
Byronic bai'ranik; ES+-'rDn-; |-ally -Ii,
-ikk
Byronism 'bairanjizam
byssal 'bisl
Bysshe bij |-'s -iz
byssus 'bis3s |byssuses 'bisasiz [-ssi -sai
bystander 'bai^staenda^; ES -jstaendacr
bystreet 'bai^strit
b3rway 'baijwe
byword 'baijwyd; ES -,w3d, -jwyd
Byzantian bi'zaenjan, -'zaentian
Byzantine bi'zaentin, 'bizn^tain, -jtin
Byzantinism bi'zaentin ^izam
Byzantium bi'zaenjiam, -'zxntism
C, c letter si \pl C's, Cs, poss C's siz
cachination jkfeka'nefan
cab kaeb
cachou ka'/u, kae'/u {Fr ka'/u)
cabal ka'bael [caballed ka'baeld
cacique ka'sik
cabala, cabbala 'kaebala
cackle 'kaekl J-d -d [-ling 'kaekhg, -klig
cabalistic ^kaeba'kstik
cacodemon ^kaeka'diman
cabaret 'kaebajrtt.'ca/e' jkaeba're {Fr kaba'r£)
cacoethes jkaeko'iOiz, -Gis
cabbage 'kaebids |-s -iz |-d -d {Shak. cabidge)
cacogenics jkaeka'dseniks
Cabell 'kjEbl
cacophonic jkaeka'fanik; ES-h-'fomk
cabin 'kaebin [cabined 'kaebind
cacophonous kae'kafanas, ka-; ES+-'kDf-
cabinet 'kaebanit -maker -^mek^•, ES -3(r
cacophony kae'kafani, ka-; ES-h-'kof-
cabinetwork 'kaebanit^wyk; ES -^wsk, -jwyk
cactus 'kasktas j-es -iz [cacti 'kaektai
cable 'kebl |-d -d -ling 'keblig, 'kebhg
cad kaed
cablegram 'kebj^graem
cadaver ka'daeva^, ka'deva^; ES -va(r
cabman 'kaebman [cabmen 'kaebmon, -^men
cadaverous ka'daevaras, ka'daevras
cabob ka'bab; ESn-ka'bnb
caddie 'kaedi
caboose ka'bus [cabooses ka'busiz
caddis, -ice 'kaedis |-(e)s -iz |-(e)d -t
Cabot 'kaebat
caddy 'ksdi
cabriolet jkaebria'le, jkaebria'kt {Fr kabrio'k)
Cade ked
cacao ka'keo, ka'kao
cadence 'kedns |-s -iz |-cy -i [-dent -dnt
cache ka;J caches 'ksefiz [cached kaeft
cadenza ka'denza {It ka'dentsa)
cachet kae'/e, 'kaefe {Fr ka'/e)
cadet ka'det
cachexia ka'keksia [cachexy ka'keksi
cadge kiEd3 [cadges 'kaedsiz [cadged kaedsd
cachinate 'kaeka^net [-nated -^netid
Cadillac 'kaedl/aek
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret |3^et ]zt [sang saeg [angry 'ag-gri
[bath baeO; E bad (§10) jah a [far far jwatch watj, wotj (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
Cadiz
65
Callahan
Cadiz Spain 'kediz, PI 'kadis, 'kaediz.
calcareous kael'kenas, -'kaer-, -'ker-
'kediz |-'s -iziz, -isiz {Sp 'katJiO)
Calchas 'kaelkas |Calchas's 'kaelkasiz
Cadman 'kaedman
calcify 'kaelsa^fai |calcified 'kaelsa;faid
cadmium 'kfedmism
calcimine 'kaelsajmain, -nun |-d -d
Cadmus 'kaedmas |Cadmus's 'kaedmasiz
calcine 'kaelsain, -sm |-d -d
Cadnam 'kaednam — cj Puttenham
calcite 'kaelsait |calcitic kael'sitik
Cadogan ka'dAgan
calcium 'kaelsiam
cadre 'kada^; ES 'kadaCr; mz7.+'kaedn
calculable 'k^elkjalab) |-bly -bh
caduceus ka'djusias, -'diu-, -'du- |-cei -si^ai
calculate 'kaelkjajet |-lated -Jetid
Cadwal 'kaedwal, -wdI, -wdI
calculation jkaelkja'le/an
Cadwallader kaed'wabda', -Vol-, -Vol-; ES
calculator 'kaelkjajleta'; ES -Jeta(r
-d3(r
calculus 'kfelkjalas j-es -iz |-li -Jai
caecum 'sikam Jcaeca 'sika
Calcutta kael'kAtd
Caedmon 'kaedman |-ian kaed'monian |-ic
Calderon 'kaldaran {Sp ^kaldeVan) ,
kaed'manik; ES+-'mDnik
caldron 'kaldran |-ed -d
Caen 'kean, 'kan {Fr ka)
Caldwell 'kaldwtl, 'kaldwal, Yks loc. 'kadwel
Caesar 'siza^; ES 'siz3(r
Caleb 'kelab, 'kehb
Caesarea jsesa'ria, jsez- |-rean -Vbn
Caledonia jkaela'donia, -'donja |-n -n
Caesarean, -ian siirg. si'zerian, -'zaer-, -'zer-
calendar 'kaelanda-, 'kaelin-; ES -da(r; [-ed -d
caesium 'siziam
calender 'kaelanda^, 'kaelin-; ES -da(r; ]-ed -d
caesura si'sura, si'zjura, -'ziura |-1 -1
calends 'kaelandz, 'kaelindz, -nz
cafe ka'fe, kae'fe
calendula ka'kndsala, -dsula
cafe-au-lait ka'fe-o'Ie, jkaefio'le (/^/- kafeo'k)
calenture 'kaelan^t/u*, -tja^; ES -jtJuaCr,
cafeteria ^kaefa'tiria, -ta'ria
-t/a(r
caffeine, -in 'kafiin, -jin, 'kaefin
Calexico ka'kksijko
cage keds | cages 'kedsiz | caged kedsd
calf kaef ; E kaf, kaf, kaef ; |-'s -s, -vz |-lves -vz
cahoot ka 'hut |-s -s
calf's-foot 'kaevzjfut; E 'kavz-, 'kavz-, 'kaevz-;
Caiaphas 'keaf as, 'kai- [ Caiaphas's -f asiz
— 'kaevz- is not the plural, but the older
Cain ken
possessive singular.
cairn kern, kaern; E kean, ES kaean
calfskin 'kaef^skin; E 'kaf-, 'kaf-, 'kaef-
Cairo Egypt 'kairo, US 'kero, 'kero
Calgary 'kaelgari
caisson 'kesn
Calhoun ka'hun, kiel'bun
Caithness 'keOnes, keG'nes |-'s -iz
Caliban 'kaelajbaen
caitiff 'ketif | caitiffs 'ketifs
caliber, -bre 'kaelaba'; ES 'kaelabaCr; |-(e)d -d
Caius 'keas, Cambridge college kiz
cahbrate 'kaelajbret |-brated -jbretid
cajole ka'dsol | cajoled ka'dsold |-ry -an
calibration jkaela'brefan
Cajun, -jan, -jen 'kedsan — see Acadian
calico 'kaela^ko
cake kek leaked kekt |caky 'keki
Cahcut 'kiela^kAt, 'kaelakat
calabash 'kasla^bas/ 1 calabashes 'kaelajbaefiz
California jkaela'farnja, esp. NEngd -nia; ES
calaboose 'kaebjbus, ^kaela'bus |-s -iz
-'faan-
Calabria ka'lebria |-brian -brian
Caligula ka'ligjula
Calais US 'kaelis ; France 'kaelis, 'kaele {mod.
cahper 'kaelapa^; ES 'kalapa(r; |-ed -d
Fr ka'k)-^-^ Shaks. 'Callis, 'Callice. "^
caliph 'kehf, 'kaelif |-ate 'kaela^'fet, -fit
town which once sent members to the English
caUsthenics jkaelas'Oeniks
Parliament has a right to an English name."
caUx 'keliks |calices 'kaehjsiz
— John Sargeaunt. See §122.
calk kak | calked kakt
calamitous ka'laematas |calamity ka'laemati
call kal Icalled kald j-er -a'; ES -a(r
calash ka'laej |calashes ka'laefiz |-ed -t
calla 'kaela
Calaveras jkaelaVtras, -'veras |-'s -iz
Callahan 'kaelajhaen
|full ful |tooth tue Ifurther 'fytSa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau |toy tai
|using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij [vision 'visan |Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Callao
66
canal
Callao Peru ka'jao, VS 'kaelijO {Am Sp
ka'jao)
Callaway 'kaela^we
Calles 'kajes {Am Sp 'kajes)
calligrapher ka'Iigrafa^; ES -faCr; |-pliy -h
calligraphic ^kaela'graefik
calling 'kalig
Calliope ka'IaiSjpi, -pi |Kallyope 'kaeli/op
calliper 'kaebpa^; ES 'kaelapafr; |-ed -d
callisthenics jkaelas'GEniks
CalUsto ka'listo
callosity ka'lasati, kae-; ES+-'Ids-
callous 'kaelas |-es -iz |-ed -t
callow 'kaelo, 'kaela |-er 'kaebwa^; ES -W3(r;
|-est 'kaelawist
callus 'kaelas |-es -iz |-li -lai |-ed -t
calm kam; E kam, kam; |-ed -d
calomel 'kaelamj, 'kaelajiiiEl
caloric ka'brik, ka'Iarik, -'lor-
calorie, -y 'kaelari |-rific ^kaelaVifik
calorimeter jkaeb'rimata'; ES -t3(r
Calphurnia kael'fynia, -nja; ES -'fsn-, -'fyn-
Calpumia kael'pynia, -nja; ES -'psn-, -'pyn-
calumet, C- 'kaelju^mEt, -mit, -mat, ^kaelju-
'met
calumniate ka'lAmnijet |-d -id
calumniation ka/lAmm'e/an
calumniatory ka'lAmniSjtori, -jtori; S -itori
calumny 'kaebmni
Calvary 'kaelvari
calve kiev; E kav, kav, kaev; |-d -d
calves-foot 'kaevz^fut; E 'kavz-, 'kavz-,
'kaevz-
Calvin 'kaelvin |-ism -^izam |-ist -ist
Calvinistic jkaelva'nistik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
calx kaelks |calxes 'kaelksiz | calces 'kaelsiz
Calydon 'kaela^dan; ES+-jdDn
Calydonian jkaela'donian, -'donjan
Calypso ka'lipso
calyx 'keliks, 'kael- |-es -iz [calyces 'kaelajsiz
cam kaem | cammed kaemd
camaraderie jkama'radari, -^ri {Fr kamara-
'dri)
camarilla jkaema'rila {Sp kama'riXa)
camber 'kaemba^; ES 'kaembaCr; |-ed -d
cambium 'kaembiam, 'kaembjam
Cambodia kaem'bodia, kaem'bodja
Cambria 'kaembria [Cambrian 'kaembrian
cambric 'kembrik
Cambridge 'kembrids |-'s -iz [-shire -jjir, -/a^;
ES -Ji3(r, -/3(r
Cambs short for Cambridgeshire kaemz,
ksembz
Cambyses k«m'baisiz [-ses' -siz
Camden 'kaemdan
came past of come kem
camel 'kaeml
camellia ka'meba, -'milia, -Ija
camelopard ka'mela/pard; ES -jpa:d, E+
-;pa:d
Camelot 'kaemajat; ES+-jDt
Camembert 'ktemam^ber, -ybaer; E -jbeafr,
ES -jbaeaCr; {Fr kama'bEir)
cameo 'kaemijO, 'kasmjo |-ed -d
camera 'kaemara |-s -z |-rae -^ri
Cameron 'kaemaran, 'k«mr3n
Cameroon jkaema'run [-roons -'runz
Camilla ka'mila
Camille ka'mil {Fr ka'iiii:j)
Camillo ka'milo
camisole 'kaemajSol
Camoens 'kaemo,£nz [Camoens's 'kaemo^enziz
camomile 'kaem3;mail
camouflage 'kaema^flas, 'kaemu- [-s -iz [-d -d
{Fr kamu'flars)
camp kaemp [camped kaempt
Campagna kam'panja, kaem- {It kam'pajijia)
campaign kaem'pen [campaigned ksm'pend
Campania ka;m'peni3
campanile jkaempa'nili |-s -z [-li -II
Campaspe kaem'paespi
Campbell 'kaeml, 'kaembl |-ite -^ait
Campeius kaem'pias [-'s -iz
campfire 'kaemp^fair; ES -;faia(r
camphene 'kajmfin, kaem 'fin
camphor 'kaemfa^, 'kaempfa^; ES -f3(r
campstool 'kaemp^stul
Campton 'k^emptan
campus 'kaempas [campuses 'kaempasiz
can n, v kaen [canned kaend
can aux. v stressed 'kten, ^kaen; unsfr. kan, kn,
kg (jaikg'go)
Cana 'kena
Canaan 'kenan [Canaanite 'ken3n,ait
Canada 'kaenada [-dian ka'nedian
canaille ks'nel {Fr ka'na:j)
Canajoharie jkaenadso'haeri
canal ka'nael [-nailed, -naled -'naeld
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg [angry 'aeg-gri
[bath baeO; E bad (§10) |ah a [far far [watch watj, wotj (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
canalization
67
cantor
canalization kajnaela'zefan, ^kasnla-, -ai'z-
cannoneer ^kaenan'ir; ES ^kaenan'iaCr, S+
canalize ka'naelaiz, 'kaenl^aiz |-s -iz |-d -d
-'£3(r
Canal Zone ka'naelizon
cannot formal colloq. ^kasnat, kae'nat, ka'nat
Canandaigua ^kaenan'degwa
'kaenat. The usual familiar form is can't.
canape 'kaenapi {Fr kana'pe)
Emph. ka'nat, kse^nat, 'kaen^nat; ES+-Dt
canard ka'nard; ES ka'nard; {Fr kaW:r)
canny 'kaem
canary, C- ka'neri, ka'nen
canoe ka'nu
Canberra 'kasnbara
canon 'kaenan j-ed -d
cancel 'kaensl |-ed -d |-ing -slig, -sbg
caiion 'kaenjan |-ed -d
cancellation jkaensl'e/an
Canon City 'kaenjan'siti
cancellous 'kaensalas
canoness 'kaenanis |-es -iz
cancer, C- 'kaensa^; ES ^kaens3(r; |Cancri
canonic ka'namk; ES+-'nDn-; |-al -1 [-ally -}i.
'kaeokrai
-ikb
cancerous 'kaensaras, ^kaensras
canonicity jkaenan'isati
candelabrum jkaendl'ebram |-s -z |-bra -bra
canonization jkaenana'ze/an, -ai'z-
candent 'kaendant
canonize 'kaenan^aiz |-s -iz |-d -d
candescent kaen'desnt |-scence -sns
Canonsburg 'kaenanz^byg ; ES -^bag, -jbyg
candid 'kaendid, ^kaendad
Canopic ka'nopik
Candida 'kaendida
Canopus ka'nopas |-'s -iz |Canopi ka'nopai
candidate 'kaenda^det, -dit |-dacy -dasi
canopy 'kaenapi [canopied 'kaenapid
Candide kan'did, kaen- {Fr ka'did)
Canossa ka'nasa, ka'nosa, ka'nasa {It
Candish 'kaendij |-'s -iz = Cavendish
ka'nassa)
candle kaendl |-d -d |-ling 'kaendlig, -dlig
canst stressed ^kaenst, jkaenst; unstr. kanst
candlelight 'kaendljait, 'kaendl^art
cant kaent [canted 'kaentid
Candlemas 'kaendlmas |-es -iz
can't kaent; E kant, kant, kaent
candlestick 'kaendl^stik
Cantabrigian jkaenta'bridsian
candor 'kaenda^; ES 'kasndaCr
cantaloupe, -lope 'kaentI,op, mainly Brit -^up
candy 'kaendi [candied 'kaendid
cantankerous kaen'taegkaras, -kras
candytuft 'kaendi^tAft
cantata kaen'tata, kan-, -'taeta
cane ken leaned kend
canteen kaen'tin
canescent ka'nesnt |canescence ka'nesns
canter 'kaenta^; ES 'kaenta(r; |-ed -d [-ing
Canidius ka'nidias |-'s -iz
'kaentarig, 'kaentrig
canine 'kenain, ka^nam
Canterbury 'kaenta^^beri, 'kaenta-r ES
canister 'kaenista^; ES 'kaenist3(r
'kaenta-; — In the second pron. ^ is lost by
canker 'kaegka^; ES 'kaegka(r; |-ed -d |-ing
dissimilation {§121).
'kaegkarig, -krig
canticle 'kaentikl
cankerous 'kaegkaras, 'kaegkras
cantilever 'kaentljeva^, 'kaentljiva' ; ES -va(r
cankerworm 'kaegka'jwym; ES 'kaegka^wsm.
cantle 'kaenti |-d -d
-kajwym
canto 'kaento
canna 'kaina
canton n 'kaentan, -tan, kaen'tan; ES+-Dn
Cannae 'kaeni {mod. It Canne 'kanne)
canton v 'divide' 'kaentan, k^en^tan; ES+-Dn;
cannel 'kasnl
'quarter troops' kaen'tan, -'ton, -'tun; ES+
canner 'kaena^; ES 'kaen3(r; |-y 'kaenari
-'tnn; [-ed -d
Cannes kaen, kaenz {Fr kan) |-'s kaenz, 'kaenziz
Canton China kaen'tan; ES+-'tDn; US 'ksen-
cannibal 'kaenabi |cannibalism 'kaenabljzam
tan, 'kaentn
cannikin 'kaenskin
Cantonese jkaentan'iz
canning, C- 'kaemg
cantonment kaen'tanmant, -'tun-, -'ton-;
cannon, C- 'kaenan |-ed -d [-ry -n
ES+ -'ton-
cannonade ^kaenan'ed |-d -id
cantor 'kaentar, -ta^; ES 'kaentaaCr, -ta(r
|full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fySa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipip
Canuck
68
carbineer
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m)
Words below that have ae before r (carry 'kaeri) are often pronounced in N with e ('kEri, §94)
Canuck ka'nAk
Canute ka'nut, ka'niut, ks'njut
canvas 'kaenvas | canvases 'kaenvasiz |-ed -t
canvasback 'kaenvas^baek
canva,ss 'kaenvas |-es -iz |-ed -t
canyon, C- 'kaenjan |canyoned 'kaenjand
caoutchouc 'kut/uk, kau'tjuk
cap kasp | capped kaept
capability jkepa'bilati
capable 'kepabj | capably 'kepabli
capacious ka'pe/as
capacitance ka'paesatans
capacitate ka'paesa^tet |-tated -^tetid [-ity -ati
cap and gown 'kaepan'gaun, 'kaepm'gaun
cap-a-pie ^kaepa'pi
caparison ka'paerasn |-ed -d
cape kep
cape icrit 'kepi
Cape Breton 'kep'britn, -'bretn, loc. ka'britn
Capel. -11 'kaepl, 'kepi
Capella ka'pela
Capen 'kepan
Cape of Good Hope 'kepav'gudjhop
caper 'kepa^; ES 'kep3(r; |-ed -d
capercaillie jkaepa^'kelji; ES jkaepa-; |-cailzie
-'kelji, -'kelzi
Capernaum ka'pyniam; ES -'psn-, -'pyn-
Capet 'kepit, 'kaepit {Fr ka'pe)
Capetian ka'pijan
Cape Town, Capetown 'kep'taun, -^taun
Caphis 'kef IS |-'s -iz
capias 'kepias |-es -iz
capillary 'kaepljEn; Brit ka'pilari; [-aritj^
jkaepj'aerati
capital 'kajpatj |-ly -i |-ism -^izam |-ist -ist
capitalization jksepatla'zejan, -ai'z-
capitalize 'ka^patj^aiz |-s -iz |-d -d
capitate 'kaepajtet |-d -id |-tion jkaepa'te/an
Capitol, c- 'kaepatl |-ine -jam
capitular ka'pit/al*; ES -l3(r; |-lary -jlcri
capitulate ka'pit/ajet |-lated -jletid
capitulation kajpitja'le/an
capon 'kepan, 'kepan; ES+-pDn
capote ka'pot
Cappadocia jk^epa'dofia, -/a |-n -n
capper, C- 'kaepa^; ES 'kajpad
Capri 'kapri
capriccio ka'prit/ijO {It ka'pritt/o)
capriccioso kajprit/i'Dso {It kaprit'tJo:so)
caprice ka'pris |caprjces ka'prisiz
capricious ka'pri/as, ofteji -'pri/-, c/ caprice
Capricorn 'kaeprijkarn; ES 'kaiprijkaan
Capron 'kepa^n; ES 'kepan; c/ apron
capsize kaep'saiz |-s -iz |-d -d
capstan 'kaepstan
capsular 'kaepsala^, -sjula^; ES -la(r
capsule 'kaepsj, 'k«psjul |-d -d
captain 'kaeptin, 'kaeptan, 'k«ptn |-cy -si
caption 'kaep/an |-ed -d |-tious -/as
captivate 'kaepta^vet [captivated 'kaeptajvetid
captive 'kaeptiv |-d -d |-vity kaep'tivati
captor 'kaepta^; ES 'kaepta(r
capture 'kaept Jb^; ES 'kaept/a(r; |-d -d
Capua 'kaepjua {It 'kapwa)
Capuchin 'kaepjujt/in, -j/in
Capucius ka'pju/as, -'piu- |-'s -iz
Capulet 'kaepja,kt, 'kaepjaht
capybara ^kaepi'bara
car kar; ES ka:(r; [-red -d
carabao jkara'bao
carabineer, -nier jkaeraba'nir; ES -'nia(r, S-t-
-'nea(r
Caracas ka'rakas ]-'s -iz {Sp ka'rakas)
carack 'kaerak
caracole 'kaerajkol |-col -jkal, -jkol
Caractacus ka'r«ktakas |-'s -iz
Caradoc 'kaera^dak, ka'radak; ES+-jdDk; =
Cradock; geol. ka'raedak
carafe ka'raef ; E+-'raf, -'raf
caramel 'kseraml |-ed -d — hi many places
'karml is often heard.
caramelize 'kaeramljaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
carapace 'kaerajpes |-s -iz |-d -t
carat 'kaerat
caravan 'kaerajvaen |-ed -d
caravanserai jkaera'vaensajrai, -jte |-sary -ri
caravel, -elle 'kaerajvel
caraway 'kaerajwe
carbazole 'korbajzol; ES 'ka:-; [-zol -jzal,
-jZdI
carbide 'karbaid, -bid; ES 'ka:b-
carbine 'karbain; ES 'ka-.bain
carbineer jkarba'nir; ES jka:ba'nia(r, S-i-
-'n£a(r
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret Ij^et jet |sang saeo jangrA^ 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a jfar far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw d33 |gorge gards |go go
carbinol
69
carl in
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (farm)
Words below that have ae before r (carry 'kaen) are often pronounced in N with e ('ken, §94)
carbinol 'karb3,nol; ES 'kaiba-
carbohydrate jkarbo'haidret; ES jka:bo-
carbolated 'karbajetid; ES 'kaiba-
carbolic kar'balik; ES kaz'bahk, -'bnbk
carbolize 'karba^laiz; ES 'kaiba-; |-s -iz
l-d-d
carbon, C- 'karban, -ban; ES 'ka:ban, -bon,
-ban
carbonaceous jkarba'nej'as; ES ^kaiba-
carbonate n 'karbamt, -^net; ES 'kaiba-
carbonate v 'karba^net; ES 'kaiba-; |-d -id
Carbondale 'karban^del; ES 'kaiban-
carbonic kar'banik; ES kar'banik, -'bonik
carboniferous jkarba'nifaras; ES ^karba-
carbonize 'karban^aiz; ES 'ka:ban-; |-s -iz
l-d-d
carbonyl 'karba^nil; ES 'ka:ba-
carborundum, C- jkarba'rAndam; ES jka:ba-
carboxyl kar'baksil; ES ka:'baksil, -'boksil
carboy 'karbai; ES 'ka:bai; |-ed -d
carbuncle 'karbAijkl; ES 'kaibAgkj; |-d -d
carburate 'korbajret, -bja-; ES 'ka:b-; |-d -id
carburation ykarba'refan, -bja-; ES jka:b-
carburator 'karba^ret*, -bja-; ES 'ka:b-, -ta(r
carburet 'karba^ret, -bja-; ES 'ka:b-; j-ed -id
carburetion jkarbaVe/an, -bja-; ES jkarb-
carburetor, -ttor 'karbajteta^, -bja^reta'; ES
'ka:b-, -ta(r
carburize 'karba^raiz, -bja-; ES 'ka:b-;
|-s -IZ |-d -d
carcajou 'karka^dsu, -;3u; ES 'ka:ka-
carcass, -case 'karkas; ES 'karkas; |-es -iz
l-ed -t
Carchemish 'karkajnu/; ES 'ka:k-
carcinogen kar'sinadsan, -djin, 'karsana-;
ES ka-, 'ka:s-
carcinoma jkarsa'noma; ES ^karsa-; |-s -z
|-ta -ta
card kard; ES ka:d; |-ed -id
cardamom, -mum 'kardamam; ES 'ka:da-;
1-mon -man
cardboard 'kard^bord, -jbard; ES 'kard^boad,
E+-jb3ad
cardcase 'kard^kes; ES 'ka:d-; |-s -iz
Cardenas 'kardi^nas; ES 'ka:d-; {Sp 'kartSe-
jnas)
cardiac 'kardi^aek; ES 'ka:di-
cardiacal kar'daiakl; ES ka'daiakl
Cardiff 'kardif ; ES 'ka:dif
Cardigan, c- 'kardigan; ES 'ka:di-;
-Jir, S^; ES -jXia(r, -/a(r
cardinal, C- 'kardnal, -dnal; ES 'ka:d-
-shire
l-ly-i
cardiograph 'kardiaigraef; ES 'ka:dia-, E+
-jgraf, -igraf
carditis kar'daitis; ES kar'daitis
Cardozo kar'dozo; ES kar'dozo
care ker, kaer; E kea(r, ES kaea(r; |-d -d
careen ka'rin [careened ka'rind
career ka'rir; ES kaVia(r, S+-'rea(r; [-ed -d
carefree 'kEt/fri, 'kaer-; E 'kea-, ES 'kaea-
careful 'kerfal, 'kaer-; E 'kea-, ES 'kaea-;
l-ly -I
careless 'kerbs, 'kaer-; E 'kea-, ES 'kaea-
caress ka'res [caresses ka'resiz |-ed -t
caret 'kaerat, 'kerat
caretaker 'ker^teka^, 'kaer-; E 'keajteka(r, ES
'kaea-
Carew ka'ru, -'riu, 'keru, 'ke-, -riu, -ri
careworn 'ker^worn, 'kaer-, -^warn; E
'keajwoan, 'kaea-, -^waan; S 'kaea^woan
Carey 'ken, 'ke:ri, 'ken, 'kaeri; S 'ken,
'kaeri; — Some speakers distinguish Carey
from Kerry by a lofiger e.
carf karf ; ES ka:f
carfare 'kar^fer, -jfaer; E 'ka:jfEa(r, ES -^faeaCr
cargo 'kargo; ES 'kargo
Carhart 'kar^hart; ES 'kai^ha:!
Carib 'kaerib |-al -1 |-an -an
Caribbean ^kaera'bian, ka'nbian
Caribbee, -ibee 'kaerajbi |-s -z
Caribian 'Cariba?i' ka'nbian — see Carib
caribou, C- 'kaera^bu
caricature 'kaerikatja', -it/ur; ES -t/afr,
-jt/ua(r; |-d -d |-rist -ist
caries 'keriz, 'ke-, -n^iz
carillon 'kaerajlan, -Jnn, -Ian, ka'riljan |-ed -d
{Fr kari'jo)
Carinthia ka'rinGia |-n -n
cariole 'kaen^ol, -pi
cark kark; ES ka:k; |-ed -t
carl, -e, C- karl; ES ka:l
Carleton 'karltan; ES 'ka:l-
Carlile kar'lail, ka^-; ES kai'lail, ka-
carlin, -e 'karbn; ES 'ka:bn
|full ful |tooth tuG [further 'fytSa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz jdish dif [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
car-line
70
Carteret
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m)
Words below that have ae before r (carrj' 'kaeri) are often pronounced in N with £ ('keri, §94)
car-line 'karjlain; ES 'ka:-
carouse ka'rauz |-s -iz |-d -d |-sal -]
ca.rlmg naut. 'karlig; ES 'ka:ho
carousel jkaera^zel, /kaeru-
Carlisle kar'lail, ka^-; ES kai'lail, ka-
carp karp; ES ka:p; |-ed -t
Carlotta kar'lata; ES kai'lata, -'lota
carpal 'karpl; ES 'ka:pl
Carlovingian jkarb'vindsian; ES jkaib-
Carpathian kor'peOian, -6jan; ES ka'peO-
Carlsbad 'karlzbaed; ES 'ka:lzbaed
carpe diem 'karpi'daiem; ES 'ka:pi-
Carlsruhe 'karlzrua; ES 'ka:lzrua
carpel 'karpl; ES 'ka:pl; |-lary -,en
Carlton 'karltan; ES 'kailtan
Carpentaria ^karpan'tEria, -'ter-; ES jkarp-
Carlyle kar'lail, ka^-; ES ka:Uail, ka-
carpenter, C- 'karpanta^, 'karpmta^; ES 'ka:p-,
carmagnole jkarman'jol; ES ,ka:-;{Fr karma-
-ta(r; |-ed -d j-ing -tarig, -trig |-try -tn
Vbl)
carpet 'karpit; ES 'ka:pit; |-ed -id
Carman 'karman; ES 'kaiman
carpetbag 'karpit^baeg ; ES 'ka:pit-; 1-ged -d
Carmarthen ka^'marSan; ES ka^maitJan;
|-ger -3^; ES -a(r
|-shire -;Xir» S^' ES -JiaCr, -f^it
carpus 'karpas; ES 'kazpas; |-es -iz ]-pi -pai
Carmel 'karml; ES 'ka:mj; Cat Car'mel
Carr kar; ES ka:(r
Carmen 'karman; ES 'kaiman
carrack 'kaerak
Carmi 'karmai; ES 'karmai
Carrara ka'rara (It kar'raira)
Carmichael 'karmaikl; ES 'karmaikl
carraway 'kaera^we
carminative kar'minativ; ES ka'mmativ
Carrel ka'rel
carmine 'karmin, -mam; ES 'ka:m-; |-d -d
carrettina jkara'tina (It jkarret'ti:na)
carnage 'karnids; ES 'ka:n-; |-s -iz |-d -d
carriage 'vehicle' 'kaerids |-s -iz; freight
carnal 'karnj; ES 'ka:nl; |-ly -i
charge' 'kaeriids
Carnarvon ka-'narvan; ES ka'naivan; |-shire
carrier 'kaeria^; ES 'kaeri«a(r
-Jir, -JV; ES -Jia(r, -/a(r
Carrington 'kaerigtan
Carnatic kar'naetik; ES ka:'naetik
carriole 'kaeri^ol, -pi
carnation kar'nejan; ES ka:'ne/an; |-ed -d
carrion 'kaerian
Carnegie karWgi, ka^-; ES kar'negi, ka-;
Carrizo kaVizo (Atn Sp ka'rriso)
('Car.negie 'Hall)
Carroll 'kaeral |-ton -tan
carnelian kar'niljan; ES kar'niljan
carronade ^kaera'ned
Carniola jkarni'ola; ES 'jka:ni-; |-n -n (It
carrot 'kaerat |-ed -id
kar'nja:la)
carrousel jkaera'zd, ,kaeru-
carnival 'karnavl; ES 'karnavl
Carruthers ka'rA'Sa'z; ES -'rAtiaz; |-'s -iz
Carnivora kar'nivara; ES ka'nivara
carry 'kaeri [carried 'kaerid
carnivore 'karnajvor, -iVar; ES 'ka:najVoa(r,
carryall 'kaeri,3l = cariole, carriole
E+-jvaa(r
Carshalton ka^'/altn; ES ka-
carnivorous kar'nivaras; ES ka'nivaras
Carson 'karsn; ES 'ka:sn
Carnot Am name 'karnat, -not; ES 'ka:nat.
Carstairs, -stares 'karsterz, -staerz; E
-not, -not, Fr name kar'no; ES ka:'no
'ka:st£az, ES -staeaz
carob 'kaerab
cart kart; ES ka:t; j-ed -id |-age -ids |-ful
caroche ka'rotj, -'roj \-s -iz |-d -t
-,ful
carol, C- 'kaeral, kaerl |-ed -d
Cartagena jkartaMsina; ES jka:ta-
Carolina jkaera'laina — see N. 6° S. Carolina
carte kart; ES ka:t
Caroline 'kaerajain, -lin
carte blanche 'kart'blanj; ES 'ka:t-; \pl
Carolingian jkaera'hndsian
cartes 'karts-; ES 'ka:ts-; (Fr kart'bla:]")
Carolinian jkaera'hnian
cartel 'kartl, kar'ttl; ES 'ka:-, ka:-
carom 'kaeram jcaromed 'kaeramd
carter, C- 'karta^; ES 'ka:ta(r
carotid ka'ratid; ES+-'rDtid
Carteret 'kartarit; ES 'ka:ta-
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) jrate ret [yet jet |sang saeg [angry 'ag-gn
jbath baeO; E baO (§10) jah a |far far [watch wat/, wot/ (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
Cartesian
71
cassowary
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m)
Cartesian kar'tisan; ES kar'tisan
casein 'kesiin
Carthage 'karGids; ES \a-MAy, |-'s -iz
case-knife 'kes^naif, -'naif |-ives -aivz
Carthaginian jkarGa'dsmian; ES jkaiGa-
casemate 'kes^met [-mated -jinetid
Carthusian kar'ejusan, -'Oiu-; ES ka:-
casement, C- 'kesmant |-ed -id
Cartier jkarti'e, kar'tje; ES ika:-, ka:-;
caseose 'kesi^os [caseous 'kesias
{Fr kar'tje)
casern, -e ka'zyn; ES -'zan, -'zyn
cartilage 'kortlids; ES 'ka:t-; [-s -iz
Casey 'kesi. III 'kezi
cartilaginous jkartl'aedsanas; ES jka:t-
caseworm 'kes^wym; ES -^wsm, -^wym
cartle 'kartl; ES 'ka:tl
cash kaef [cashes 'kae/iz [cashed kaejt
cartogram 'kartajgraem; ES ^ka:t3-
casha 'kaeja
cartograph 'kartajgraef; ES 'ka:t3-.
E+
cash-and-carry 'kae/an'kaen
-jgraf, -,graf
cashaw ka'Ja
cartographer kar'tagrafa^, -Hog-; ES
ka-,
cashbook 'kaef^buk
-f3(r; |-phy -fi
cashboy 'kaefjbai
cartographic jkorta'graefik; ES jka:t3-;
1-al
cashew ka'/u, -'/lu, 'kaef-
-1 l-ally -h, -ikh
cashier n, v kae'/ir; ES -'/laCr, S-i--'J*£a(r;
carton, C- 'kartn, -tan; ES 'ka:t-, -ton
[-ed -d ('cashjier 'Jones)
cartoon kar'tun; ES ka:'tun; |-ed -d j-ist
-ISt
cashmere cloth 'kaefmir; ES -mia(r
cartouche, -ch kar'tuj; ES kar'tuj"; |-s -
IZ
Cashmere India kae/'mir; ES -'mia(r
cartridge 'kortrids; ES 'kaitrids; |-s -iz
cashoo ka'Xu = catechu
cart-track 'kart^traek; ES 'ka:t-
casimere, -mire 'kaesajinir, 'kaeza-; ES -jmia(r
cartulary 'kart/ujlen ; ES 'kait/ujkn
Casimir 'kaesajinir; ES -jmia(r
cartwright, C- 'kart^rait; ES 'ka:t-
casing 'kesig
Caruso ka'ruso (7/ ka'ru:zo)
casino, C- ka'sino [-s -z |-ni -ni
Caruthers ka'tASa^z; ES kaVAcJaz; |-'s -
IZ
cask kaesk; E-t-kask, kask; |-ed -t
carve karv; ES ka:v; |-d -d \arch. pptc -n
-an
casket 'kaeskit; E 'kaes-, much less freq.
carvel 'karvl
'kas-, 'kas-; [-ed -id
carven 'karvan; ES 'kaivan
Caslon 'kaezlan
Cary 'ken, 'k£:ri, 'ken, 'kaeri; S 'ken, 'kaeri;
Caspar, -per 'kaespa^; ES 'kaespa(r
see note at Carey
Caspian 'kaespian
caryatid jkaen'aetid \-s -z J-es -jiz
casque 'kaesk [casqued 'kaeskt |-quet 'kaeskit
casaba ka'saba
Cass kaes [Cass's 'kaesiz
Casabianca jkaesabi'aegka (// jkasa'bjagka)
cassaba ka'saba
Casablanca jkasa'blagka, jkaesa'blaeoka
Cassandra ka'saendra
Casanova jkaeza'nova {It ,kasa'nD:va)
cassation kae'se/an
Casaubon ka'saban (Fr kazo'bo)
cassava ka'sava
Casca 'kaeskd
Cassel, -11 'kaesl
cascade, C- kaes'ked |-caded -'kedid
casserole 'kaesajrol [-d -d
cascara kaes'kera, -'kera {Sp 'kaskara)
Cassia 'kaejia [cassia 'kae/a
cascarilla jkaeska'nla
Cassiepeia jkaesia'pia
cascaron jkaeska'ron (Am Sp jkaska'ron)
Cassil 'kaesl
Casco 'kaesko
cassimere 'kaesajinir; ES-jmia(r
case, C- kes leases 'kesiz [cased kest
cassino ka'sino
casease 'kesi,es
Cassio 'kaejijo, 'kaejjo
caseate 'kesi^et |-d -id
Cassiopeia, -pea jkaesia'pia [-n -n
casefy 'kesa^fai |-fied -jfaid
Cassius 'kae/as, 'kaejias [-'s -iz
caseharden 'kes^hardn, -'hardn; ES -jha:dn.
cassock 'ksesak |-ed -t
-'ha:dn; |-ed -d |-ing -dnig, -dnig
cassowary 'kaesa^wen
[full ful [tooth tu9 [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fs'Sa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz Idish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
cast
72
caterpillar
cast kaest; ES+kast, kast
catalysis ka'taebsis |-yses -a^siz
Castalia kaes'telia |-n -n
catalyst 'kaetlist j-lytic ^kaetl'itik
Castanet ,ksest3^mt
catalyze 'kaetl^aiz |-s -iz \-d -d
castaway 'kaesta^we; E+'kast-, 'kast-
catamaran /kfetama'raen
caste kaest; E+kast, kast
catamount 'kaet3,maunt
castellan 'kaestabn
Catania ka'tenia, -nja (It ka'tamja)
castellate 'kaesta Jet |-d -id
catapult 'kaet3,pAlt j-ed -id
caster 'kaesta-; ES 'kaest3(r, E+'kas-, %as-
cataract 'kseta^riekt |-ed -id
Casterbridge 'kaest^^brids; ES %aesta-; |-'s
catarrh ka 'tar; ES ka'taUr, E+-'ta:(r; ]-ed -d
-IZ
|-al -a! 1-ally -ak
castigate 'kaestajget |-d -id
Catasauqua jkaeta'sakwa
castigation jkaesta'gejaii
catastasis ka't^estasis |-tases -ta^siz
Castile kaes'til ('Cas^tile 'soap), NY kaes'tail
catastrophe ka'taestrafi
Castilian kaes'tiljan, -lian
catastrophic ^kaeta'strafik; ES+-'strDf-; J-al
cast-iron adj 'kaest'aia^n; ES 'kaest'ai-an, E+
-1 l-ally -li, -ikh
'kast-, 'kast-; ('cast-jiron 'pipe)
Catawba, c- ka'taba
castle, C- 'kaesl; E+'kasl, 'kasl; |-d -d
Catawissa jkaeta'wisa
|-ling 'kaeslig, 'kaeshg
catbird 'kastjbs^d; ES -jbsd, -jbyd
Castlereagh 'kaesljre; E+'kasl-, 'kasl-;
catboat 'kaet^bot
acci + J Castle 'r eagh
catcall 'k^tjkol |-ed -d
castoff n 'kaest pf, -jof; E+'kast-, 'kast-
catch kaetj, not infreq. ket/ |-es -iz | caught kat
castor, C- 'kaesta^; ES 'kaest3(r, E+'kas-, 'kas-
catchall 'k^tjpl
castrate 'kaestret |-d -id
catcher 'kaetla-, 'kst/a^; ES -tJaCr
casual 'kaesual, 'kaejul |-ly -i j-ty -ti
catchpenny 'kaet/,p£ni
casuist 'kaesuist 1-ry -ri
catchpole, -poll 'kietjjpol |-d, -ed -d
casuistic jkaesu'istik |-al -1 |-ally -Ii, -ikli
catchup 'kiet/ap, 'kEtJap
casus belli 'kesas'belai
catchword 'kaet/jwyd; ES -jwsd, -jwyd
Caswell 'kaezwal, -wtl
cate ket |cates kets
cat kaet |catted 'kaetid
catechesis ^kaeta'kisis |-cheses -'kisiz
catabolism ka'taebjjizam
catechetical jkaeta'ketikl |-ly -i
catachresis ^kaeta'krisis |-chreses -'krisiz
catechism 'kaetajkizam |-chist -kist
catachrestic jkaeta'krestik |-al -I |-ally -li.
catechistic jkaeta'kistik |-al -1 |-alh' -li, -ikli
-ikh
catechize 'kaeta^kaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
cataclinal jkaeta'klainl
catechu 'kaetajtju
cataclysm 'kaetayklizam |-al jkaeta'kliznij
catechumen jkaeta'kjuman, -'kiu- |-al -1 |-ate
cataclysmic jkaets'klizmik |-ally -li, -ikli
-jCt |-ism -jizam
catacomb 'kaeta^kom
categorical jkaeta'garikl, -'gar-, -'gor- |-ly -i
catacumbal jkaeta'kAmbl
category 'kaetajgori, -/gari; S -;gori
catafalque 'kaeta^faelk
catena ka'tina |-s -z j-nae -ni j-r}- -ri
Catahoula jkaeta'hub
catenate 'kaetrijet j-d -id
Catalan 'kaetjan, 'kaetljaen
cater 'keta^; ES 'ket3(r; 1-ed -d j-ing 'ketarig.
catalase 'kaetl/es
'ketrig
catalectic jkaetl'ektik
catercornered 'kaetajkarna^d, 'kjcty-; ES
catalepsis jkaetl'Epsis |-leptic -'eptik
'kaetajkaanad — In 'kastajkariud the first ^
catalepsy 'kaetljcpsi
was lost by dissimilation (§121).
Catalina, c- jkaetl'ina
cater-cousin 'keta^jkAzn; ES 'keta-
catalogue, -log 'kaetlpg, -^ag, -^ng [-d, -ged -d
caterer 'ketara^; ES 'ketaraCr
Catalonia jkaetl'onia \-n -n
Caterina /kaeta'rina (// jkate'ri:na)
catalpa, C- ka'taelpa, occas. ka'tolpa
caterpillar 'kaetajpila^, 'kaeta^-; ES 'kaeta-
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angr>- 'aeg-gri
|bath basG; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa jgorge gards |go go
caterwaul
73
Cavell
iPil3(r; 1-ed -d — In \xi^ ipiisf- the first 2f- was
cat's-paw 'kaetS/pD
lost hy dissimilation {§121).
catsup 'kaetsap, 'kstjap
caterwaul 'kaeta^jwal; ES 'kaeta-; j-ed -d
cattail 'kaetjtel
Catesby 'ketsbi
Cattaraugus jkaetaVogas |-'s -iz
catfall 'kaet,f3l
Cattegat 'kaeti^gaet, jkaeti'gaet
catfish 'ksetjfij |-'s -iz
Cattellka'tel, kae-
catgut 'kaetjgAt ('kaetgat 'strig)
cattish 'kaetij |catty 'kaeti
Catharine 'kaeGrin, 'kaeGsrin
cattle 'kaetl |-less 'kaetjlis
catharsis ka'Oarsis; ES -'Oais-, E+-'Oa:s-
Catullus ka'tAlas |-'s -iz
cathartic ka'Gartik; ES -'ea:t-, E+-'ea:t-;
Catulus 'kaet/abs |-'s -iz
l-al -1 l-ally -li, -ikli
catwalk 'kaetjwak
Cathay ka'Oe, kae'Oe
Caucasia kD'kesa, -^keja
Cathcart 'kaeOka^t, -kart; ES -kat, -ka:t, E+
Caucasian ko'kejan, -'kejon, -^kaesan
-ka:t
-'kaejan
cathead 'kaet^hed |-ed -id
Caucasus 'kokasas |-sus' -sas
cathedra ka'Oidra, 'kaeGidra
caucus 'kakas [-es -iz 1-ed -t
cathedral ka'Oidral
caudal 'kadi |-ly -i
Cather 'kaeSa-; ES 'kjae'SaCr
caudate 'kadet \-A -id
Catherine 'kaeOnn, 'kaeOarin
caudicle 'kadikl
Catherwood 'kaeOa^jWud; ES 'kaeOa-
Caudine 'kadain
catheter 'kaeeata^; ES 'kaeOataCr
caudle 'kadi |-d -d |-ling 'kadlig, -dlig
Cathleen 'kaeelin
Caudle 'kadi, cf Caldwell
cathode 'kaeGod
caught kat
cathodic ka'Oadik; ES+-'eDd-; |-al -1 |-ally
caul kal
-h. -ikh
cauldron 'kaldran |-ed -d
cat -hole 'kaet^hol
cauUfiower 'kala^flaua^; ES -jflau-a(r
cathoHc, C- 'kaeeahk, 'kaeGlik
caulk kak | caulked kakt
Catholicism, C- ka'OabjSizam; ES+-'6nl-
causal 'kazl j-ly -i |-ity ka'zaelati
catholicity jkaeGa'lisati
causation ka'ze/an ] causative 'kazativ
catholicize ka'GabjSaiz; ES+-'Gd1-; |-s -iz
cause kaz | causes 'kaziz ] caused kazd
l-d-d
causerie jkoza'ri {Fr koz'ri)
catholicon ka'Gabkan; ES+-'GdI-
causeway 'kaz^we |-wayed -jwed
Catihne 'kaetljain
causey 'kazi |-ed -d
cation 'kaetjaian
caustic 'kastik |-ly -li |-al -1 |-ally -li
catkin 'kaetkin
cautel 'katl
Catlettsburg 'kaetlits^s'g; ES -^bsg, -jbyg
cauterization jkatara'ze/an, -ai'z-
catmint 'kaetjmmt
cauterize 'kata^raiz |-s -iz |-d -d j-tery -ri
catnip 'kaetnip, -nap
caution 'ka/an j-ed -d |-ing 'kajanig, -Jnig
Cato 'keto
cautionary 'kajanjcri
cat-o'-nine-tails jkaeta^nainjtelz, jkaetn'ain-
cautious 'ka/as
Catoosa ka'tusa
cavalcade jkaevl'ked |-caded -'kedid
catoptric ka'taptrik; ES+-^tDp-; |-s -s J-al -1
cavaher, C- jkasva'lir; ES -'lia(r, S4--'Iea(r
l-ally -h, -ikli
cavalry 'kaevlri -man, -men -man
cat-rigged 'kaet^rigd
cavatina jkaeva'tina {It ,kava'ti:na)
Catron ka'tran; ES + -'trDn
cave, C- kev |caved kevd
cat's-cradle 'kaets^kredl
caveat 'kevi^aet
cat's-ear 'kaetsjir; ES -ji3(r, S+-j83(r
caveat emptor 'kevijaet'smptar; ES -taa(r
cat's-eye 'kaets^ai
cave-in 'kevjin
Catskill 'kaets.kil
Cavell, Edith 'kaevl
|full ful Itooth tuG [further 'fy'Sa'; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Cavendish
74
centenarian
Cavendish, c-, Candish 'kaevandi/, loc.+
'kiendij |-'s -iz
cavern 'kaeva^n; ES 'kaevan; |-ed -d |-ous -as
caviar, -are jkaevi'ar, 'kaevijor; ES -'a:(r,
-ja:(r; — ift Hamlet caviary, probably pron.
jkaevi'jen
cavie 'kevi
cavil 'kaevl, -vil |-ed -d j-ing 'kaevlig, -vhg
Cavite kaVite, ka-
cavity 'kaevati |cavitied 'kaevatid
cavort kaVart; ES -Vaat; |-ed -id
Cavour kaVur; ES -Vu3(r; {It kaVu:r)
cavy 'kevi
caw ka ] cawed kad
Cawdor 'kada^; ES 'kadaCr
Cawnpore, -pur kan'por, -'par. -'pur; ES
-'po3(r, -^pu3(r, E+-'p33(r
Caxton 'kaekstan
cay ke, ki, in West Itidies usually ki
cayenne, C- kai'en, ke'en ('cay^enne 'pepper)
cayman 'keman | caymans 'kemanz
Cayman isls. kai'man
Cayuga ke'uga, -'juga, ki'uga, 'kjuga
Cayuse, c- kai'jus, -'jius
Cazenovia jkaeza'novia
cease sis [ceases 'sisiz ] ceased sist
Cebu se'bu
Cecil Md co. 'sisl, -sil, pers. name 'sisl/sEsl,
-sil
Cecilia si'silja, -'silia, -'silja
Cecily 'sesli, 'sisji
Cecropia si'kropia
cedar 'sida^; ES 'sida(r; j-ed -d
cede sid | ceded 'sidid
cedilla si'dila
Cedric 'ssdrik, 'sidrik
cee si
ceil sil |ceiled sild |ceiling 'silig
celandine 'selan^dain
Celebes 'sela^biz, sa'libiz
celebrant 'selabrant
celebrate 'sela,bret j-brated -jbretid
celebration js^la^brefan
celebrity sa'kbrati
celerity sa'krati
celery 'selari
celesta sa'lesta
celeste, C- sa'lest
celestial, C- sa'lestfal ]-ly -i
Celia 'silja, in Shak. 'silia
celiac 'silijaek
celibate 'selabit, -jbet 1-bacy -basi
Celina saUaina
cell sel Icelled seld
cellar 'sela^; ES 's£la(r; j-ed -d ■
cellarage 'selarids \-s -ii
cellarer 'selara^; ES 's£lara(r
Cellini t/e'lini {It tjel'litni)
cellist, 'cellist 'tjElist
cello, 'cello 'tjelo |-s -z |-li -i
cellophane, C- 'selajfen |-d -d
cellular 'seljala^; ES 'seljala(r
cellulate 'selja^let |-d -id
cellule 'sel Jul
celluloid, C- 'seljajlaid, 'sela-
cellulose 'seljajlos j-s -iz |-d -t |-lous -las
Celoron 'selajran, -jjnm
Celotex, c- 'sela^teks
Celsius 'selsias j-'s -iz
celt selt
Celt selt |-ist -ist
Celtic 'seltik |-ally -h, -ikli
Celticism 'seltajSizam |-cist -sist
cement sa'mEnt |-ed -id
cementation jsiman'tejan, jseman-
cemetery 'semajteri, 'semitn
Cenci 'tj£ntji {It 'tjEiitJi)
Cenis sa'ni
cenobite 'sena.bait, 'sin-
cenotaph 'sena,taef
Cenozoic ^sina'zoak, jsena-
cense sens [censes 'sensiz [censed senst
censer 'sensa^; ES 'sensaCr
censor 'sensa^; ES 'sensa(r; |-ed -d
censorial stn'sorial, -'sar-; S -'sor-
censorious sen'sorias, -'sar-; S -'sor-
censorship 'sensa'yj'ip; ES 'sensa-
censurability jSEn/ara'bilati
censurable 'senjarabl |-bly -bli
censure 'senja^; ES 'senja(r; j-d -d [-ring
'sEn/arig, 'sen/rig
census 'sensas |-es -iz |-ed -t [-sus' -sas
cent s£nt [cental 'sentl
centaur 'sentar; ES 's£ntaa(r
Centaurus, c- sen'taras \ge7i b" pi -ri -rai
l-'s -iz
centavo sen'tavo
centenarian jS£nta'n£rian, -Wr- 1-ism -jizam
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi jpity ^piti (§6) [rate ret jyet J£t [sang saeg [angry 'aeg-gri
Ibath baeO; E ba6 (§10) [ah a [far far [watch watj, wnt/ (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
centenary
75
certitude
centenary ^SEnta^nEn, SEnUenari, mainly Brit
sen'tinsri
centennial sen^tenisl, -njal [-ly -i
center, -tre 'senta'; ES 'sentaCr; |-(e)d -d
|-(r)ing 'sentarig, 'sentrig
centerboard, -tre- 'senta^jbord, -^bord; ES
'senta^boad, E+-jb33d
center-fire, -tre- 'senta^'fair; ES 'senta'faiaCr;
('center-jfire 'shell)
centerpiece, -tre- 'sEnta^^pis; ES 'senta-;
|-s -iz
centesimal sen'tesaml |-ly -i
centesimo sen'tEsajmo
centiar 'sEntijor; ES -ja:(r
centiare 'sEntijEt, -jaer; E -i£3(r, ES -^aeaCr
centigrade 'sEnta^gred
centigram, -mme 'sEntajgraem
centiliter, -tre 'sEntljita^; ES -t3(r
centillion SEn'tiljan
centime 'santlm, san'tim {Fr sa'tim)
centimeter, -tre 'sEntajinita'; ES -jmit3(r;
{Fr sati'mEtr)
centimeter-gram-second, -tre- 'sEnta^mita^-
'graem'sEkand ; ES -jinita-
centimo 'sEntajino
centipede 'sEntajpid
centistere 'sEntajStir; ES -jsti3(r
Centlivre SEnt'liv*, -Hiva^; ES
-'hv3(r, -'liv-
centner 'sEntna^; ES 'sEntn3(r; {Ger 'tsEntnar)
cento 'sEnto
central 'sEntral |-ly -i |-ism -jizam |-ist -ist
Centralia SEn'trelia, -Ija
centrality SEn'traelati
centralization jSEntrala'zeJan, -ai'z-
centralize 'sEntral^aiz |-s -iz |-d -d
centric 'sEntrik j-al -j |ally -li, -ikh
centrifugal SEn'trifjugl |-ly -i
centrifuge 'sEntra^fjuds, -jfiuds j-s -iz
centripetal SEn'tripatl j-ly -i
centrist, C- 'sEntrist
centrosphere 'sEntra^sfir; ES -jsfia(r, S+
-jsfEa(r
centuple 'sEntupj, -tju-, SEn'tupl, -'tiu-,
-'tju- |-d -d 1-ling -plig, -plig
centurial SEn'tjurial, -'tiunal, -'tor-
centurion SEn'tjurian, -'tiurian, -'tur-
een tury 'sEntJari |-ried -d
cephalic sa'faelik, se-
Cephalonia jSEfa'lonia, -nja |-n -n
cephalopod 'sEfala^pad; ES+-jpDd
Cephalopoda ^SEfa'lapada; ES+-'1dp-
cephalothorax jSEfala'Oorseks, -'6ar-; S -'6or-;
|-es -IZ
cephalous 'sEfalas
Cephalus 'sEfalas |-'s -iz
Cephas 'sifas |-'s -iz
Cepheus 'sifjus, 'sifias j-'s -iz
ceramic sa'raeinik |-s -s
cerate 'siret
Cerberus 's^baras; ES 'ssb-, 'syb-; [-'s -iz
cere sir; ES sia(r, S+SEa(r; |-d -d
cereal 'sirial
cerebellar jSEra'bEla^; ES -'belaCr
cerebellum ^sEra'bElam |-s -z j-la -la
cerebral 'sErabral |-ly -i
cerebrate 'sEra^bret j-brated -^bretid
cerebration iSEra'breJan
cerebrospinal jSErabro'spainl
cerebrum 'sErabram 1-s -z |-bra -bra
cerecloth 'sir^kbO, -jkloO; ES 'sia-; j-ths -tJz,
-es
cerement 'sirmant; ES 'siamant
ceremonial jSEra'monial, -njal |-ly -i
ceremonious jSEra'monias, -njas
ceremony 'sEra^moni
Ceres 'siriz, 'siriz |-res' -riz
Cereus, c- 'sirias, 'si- j-es -iz
cerif, -iph 's£rif = serif
Cerigo 'tjEri/go {It 'tjE:rijgo)
Cerimon 'sEri,man, -^mon
cerise sa'riz, -'ris j-s -iz
cerium 'siriam
Cerro Gordo 'sEro'gardo; ES -'gaado
certain 'sytn, -in, -an; ES 'sst-, 'ss^t-; j-ty -ti
certes 'sytiz; ES 's3t-, 'syt-
certifiable 'syta/faiabl; ES 'ssta-, 'ssta-;
l-bly -bh
certificate n sa^'tifakit; ES sa'tif-
certificate v sa^'tifajket; ES sa-; |-d -id
certification 'certifying^ jsytafa'ke/an; ES
jssta-, jsyta-
certification 'certificating^ sa^^tifa'ke/an; ES
sa-
certify 'syta^fai; ES 'sata-, 'syta-; |-fied -^faid
certiorari ,s3j"ia'rEri, -'reri; ES ^ss/i-, jsy/i-
certitude 'syta^tjud, -^tiud; -^tud; ES 'sst-,
'syt-
IfuU ful [tooth tu6 [further 'fy'Sa'; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'vi5an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
cerulean
76
Champlin
cerulean saVulisn, -'riulian, -Ijan
chainwork 't/en^wyk; ES -jwak, -^wyk
cerumen sa'ruman, -'riuman
chair tjer, tjaer; E tjeacr, ES tXaa(r; |-ed -d
ceruse 'sirus, sa'rus
chairman 'tjErman, 'tJaer-; E 't/ea-, ES
Cervantes sa^'vaentiz; ES sa-; |-tes' -tiz
{Sp
't/aea-; |-men -man j-ship -^/ip
Ger'JJantes)
chaise /ez |chaises '/eziz Ichaisedjezd
cervical 'syvikl; ES 'ssv-, 'ss^v-
chaise longue '/ez'lagg, -'Ingg (/^r/eiz'log)
cervix 's^viks; ES 'ssv-, 'syv-; |-es
-iz
Chalcedon 'kaelsidan, -jdan, -^don
|cervices sa^'vaisiz; ES sa-
chalcedony kael'sedni, 'kselsajdoiu
Cesar 'sezar; ES 'seza:(r, E+-za:(r;
[Fr
chalcid 'kaelsid
se'za:r)
chalcography kael'kagrafi, -'kog-
Cesarea ^SEsaVb, jsez- l-rean -Vbn
chalcographic jkaelka'graefik |-al -1
Cesarean, c-, -ian surg. si'zerian, -'zaer-, -
zer-
chalcopyrite jkaelka'pairait, -'pir-
cesium 'siziam
Chaldaic kael'de-ik ]-al -1
cessation se'sejan
Chaldea kael'dia |-n -n |-dee kael'di, 'kaeldi
cession 'sE^an
chaldron 't/aldran
cesspit 'sesjpit
chalet /iene, '/ah (Fr /a'k)
cesspool 'sesjpul
Chalfont Bucks 'tjaelfant, loc. 'tjafant
cestode 'sestod
chalice 't/aelis |-s -iz |-d -t
cestus, C- 'sEstas [-es -iz
chalk tjak | chalked tjakt
cesura si'jura, si'zjura, -'ziura |-1 -1
challenge 't/aehnds, -ands |-s -iz |-d -d
Cetacea si'te/a |cetacean si'te/an
chaUis, -Hie Ifaeh
Cetus 'sitas \gen Ceti 'sitai
Chalmers 't/aelma^z, 't/am-, 't/om-; ES -az;
cevitamic jsivai'taemik
l-'s -IZ
Ceylon si'Ian; ES+-'lDn; |-ese ^sila'niz
cham dial. '/ am' t/aem
Ceyx 'silks |-'s -iz
cham 'khan'' kaem
Cezanne si'zaMi {Fr se'zan)
chamade /a 'mad
cf. ^compare' 'si'ef, kan'fy; ES -'f3(r, -'fy
chamber 'tJemW; ES -ba(r; |-ed -d |-ing
chabouk, -buk 'tjabuk
'tjembarig, 'tjembrig
Chaco 't/ako
chamberer 'tjembara^; ES 'tJembaraCr
Chad tjied, t/ad
chamberlain 'tjemb^lin; ES 't/emba-
Chadds Ford 'tjiedz'ford, -'fard; ES -'foad.
Chamberlain, -lin 'tjemba^bn; ES 'tjemba-
E+-'faad
chambermaid 'tjemba^jmed; ES 't/emba-
Chadron '/aedran
chambray 'Jaembre
Chaeronea jktra'nia
chameleon ka'mUian, -Ijan
chafe tjef | chafed tjeft
chamfer 't/aemfa^; ES 'tJaemfaCr; |-ed -d |-ing
Chafee 'tjefi, 'tja^fi
'tjaemfarig, 'tjaemfrig
chafer 'tjefa-; ES 'tXefa(r; |-y -i
chamois, -mmy 'Jaemi
chaff t/aef ; E+t/af, t^af ; j-ed -t
chamomile 'kaema^mail
Chaffee 'tjiefi, 't/efi
Chamonix, -mouny '/aemani (Fr Jamu'; "
chaffer 'tjaefa^; ES 'tJaefaCr; |-ed -d
-ing
champ tfaemp | champed tjaempt
'tjaefarig, 'tjaefrig
champac, -pak 'tjaempak, 'tjAmpAk
Chaffey 'tjjefi, 'tjefi
champagne Jaem'pen j-d -d
chaffinch 'tJae^fintX, 'tjaef jfintj" |-es -iz
Champagne Jaem'pen {Fr Ja'paji)
Chagres 'tjagres
champaign Jaem'pen, 'tjaempen
chagrin Ja 'grin |-ed -d
Champaign III Jaem'pen
Chagrin Falls /a'grin'falz, /oc. + 'Jug
rin-.
champerty 'tjaempa'ti; ES 'tjampati
Ifaegrin-
champion, C- 'tjaempian |-ed -d |-ship -Ji;)
chain tjen | chained tjend
Champlain Jaem'plen
chain-stitch 'tjen^stitj |-es -iz ]-ed -t
Champlin 'tjaemphn
Key: See in full §§3—47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret [yet jet Isang saeg jangrj' 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watj, wotj (§12) ]j'avv dsa |gorge gards |go go
Champs Elysees
77
charkha
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m)
Champs Elysees Fr /azeli'ze
chance tjaens; E+tJans, tjans; j-s -iz |-d -t
chancel 'tjaensl; E+'tJan-, 't/an-
chancellery 't/aensalari, -slari; E+'t/an-,
't|an-
chancellor, C- 't/aensala^, -sla'; ES -laCr, E+
'tjan-, 't/an-; [-ship -Jip
Chancellorsville 'tJaensala^ZiVil, -sl»z-; ES
-bz-, E+'tJan-, 't/an-
chancery 'tjaensari; E+'t/an-, HJan-
chancre 'Jaegka^; ES IfaegkaCr
chancy, -cey 'tJaensi; E+'tJan-, 'tj"an-
chandelier j/sendl'ir; ES -'i3(r, S+-'E3(r
chandler, C- 'tjaendla-; ES -dl3(r, E+'t/an-,
'tjan-
Chandos 'tjfendas, 'Jaen-; ES+-dDs; j-'s -iz
Chandragupta jtjAndra'gupta
Changchun 'tjag'tjun
change t/ends [changes 't/endsiz |-d -d
changeabiHty jt/endsa'bibti
changeable 'tjendsabl j-bly -bh
changeling 'tjendskg
Chang Kai-shek 't/ag'kai'/ek, 't/aeg-
channel 't/aenl [channeled 'tjaenld
Channing 'tjaenig
chanson '/aensan, -san, -son (Fr Ja'so)
chant tjaent; E+tJant, tjant; |-ed -id
chantey, -ty 'Jsenti, 'tjaen-; E+-an-, -an-
chanticleer 't/aentijkhr; ES -jkli3(r, S+
-jkl£3(r
Chantilly Va, France jxnhiXi (Fr/ati'ji)
chantress 't/aentris; E+'t/ant-, 't/ant-; |-es
-IZ
chantry, C- 't/aentri; E+'tJant-, 'tjant-
Chanute tja'nut, jD'nut
chaos 'keas; ES+'kens; |-es -iz
chaotic ke'atik; ES+-'Dtik; ]-al -1 |-ally -]i,
-ikh
chap 'fellow', 'crack' t/aep |chapped tj"aept
chap 'jaiv' t/aep — cf chop 'jaw'
chaparajos jt/apa'rahos |-rejos -'rehos
chaparral jt/aepa'rael
chaparreras, -pareras jtjapa'reras
chapbook 't/aepjbuk
chape tjep
chapeau /ae'po |-x, -s -z (Fr /a'po)
chapel, C- 't/aepl |-ed -d |-ing 't/aeplig, -plig
chaperajos jtjapa'rohos
chaperon, -one '/aepajron |-ed -d |-age -ids
chapf alien 'tJaep^Dlan, -jfaln — cf chopf alien
chaplain 'tjaepbn |-cy -si |-ship -^/ip
chaplet 'tjaeplit |-ed -id
Chaplin 'tjaeplin
Chapman, c- 'tjaepman |-men -man
Chappell, -pple 't/aepl
chappie, -ppy 'tjaepi
chaptalize 'Jaeptl/aiz |-s -iz |-d -d
chapter 'tjaepta^; ES -t3(r; |-ed -d |-ing
'tjaeptarig, -trig
Chapultepec tJa'pAltajpek (Sp t/ajpuIte'pEk)
char tjor; ES tXa:(r; |-red -d
charabanc 'Jaerajbaegk, -jbaeg (Fr /ara'ba)
character 'kaerikta^, -ok-; ES -t3(r; |-ed -d
|-ing -tang, -trig
characteristic jkaerikta'ristik, jkaerak- |-al -1
I -ally -li, -ikli
characterization jkaeriktra'zeXsn, -ak-, -tara-,
-ai'z-
characterize 'kaeriktajraiz, 'kaerak- |-s -iz
l-d-d
charactery 'kaeriktari, -ak-, -tri
charade /a 'red
charcoal 'tjor^kol; ES 'tjai^kol; j-ed -d
chard tjard; ES t/ard
Chardon '/ardn; ES 'Ja:dn
chare t/er, t/aer; E tXEa(r, ES t/aeaCr; |-d -d
charge t/ards; ES tjards; |-s -iz \-d -d |-able
-abl l-bly -bh
charge d'affaires Jar'sedae'fer, -'faer; E
Ja:'3edae'f£a(r, ES -'faea(r; \pl charges
-'sez- (Fr Jarseda'fEir)
charily 'tjerah, 'tjaer-, 'tjer-, -ih; S 't/aer-,
't/er-
chariness 't/Erinis, 'tJaer-, 'tJer-; S 't/aer-,
'tjer-
Charing Cross 'tjaerig'kras, 'tJer-, -'kros; S
't/aerig-; ('Charing jCross 'Road)
chariot 'tjaeriat |-ed -id
charioteer ^t/aeriat'ir; ES -'ia(r, S+-'£a(r
charitable 't/aeratabl |-bly -bk
Chariton 'Jeratn, '/aer-; S 'Jaer-
charity 't/aerati
charivari /ajriva'ri, jXiva'ri, jXari'vari — In
j/iva'ri tite first r is lost by dissimilation
(§121). Cf shivaree
charkha, -ka 'tjArka; ES 't/Aika
|full fu! [tooth tuG [further 'fytJa'; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail jhow hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
charlatan
check
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m)
charlatan 'Jarlatn; ES 'Jatla-; |-ism -^izam
|-ry -n
charlatanic yjarla'taenik; ES ^Jaib-; |-al -j
I -ally -li, -ikb
Charlecote 't/arlkat, -kot; ES 'tja:!-
Charlemagne Ifarbjmen; ES lfa:b-; (F/-
Jarla'maji)
Charleroi Pa j/arbVai, 'Xarb^rai; ES iJa:!-,
Ifa:!-; \Belg -roi, -roy /^r Jarb'rwa
Charles tjarlz; ES tj"a:lz; |-'s -iz |-ton -tan
[-town -/taun
Charley, -ie 'tjarh; ES 'tjaili
charlock 't/orbk; ES 't/aibk
Charlotte/ew. name 'Jarlat, US places '/arbt,
Ja-'lat; ES '/a:l-, /a-, -'lot
Charlottenburg Jar 'latn jbs'g ; ES /a 'latn jbsg,
-'lot-, -jbyg (Gc;- Jar 'btaiijburk)
charlotte russe '/arbtVus, -'ruf; ES lfa:bt-
Charlottesville IfarbtSjVil; ES Ifa:!-, S+-vl
Charlton 'tjarltan; ES 'tja:l-
charm tjarm; ES t/a:m; j-ed -d |-edly -idb
charmeuse/arWsz; ES Ja:-; (Fr Jar'moiz)
Charmian 't/armian, 'karm-; ES 't/a:m-,
'karm-
chamel 'tjarnj; ES 't/ainl
Charon 'keran, 'kaeran, 'keran; S 'kaeran,
'keran
charpoy, -pai 'tjar'paij -'p^"^; ES 'tja:-
chart tjart; ES tjart; j-ed -id
charter 't/arta^; ES 't/aitaCr; |-ed -d |-ing
-tang, -trig
Charteihouse, c- 'tjarta'jhaus; ES 'tjaita-
chartograph 'kartajgraef; ES 'ka:ta-, E+
-jgraf, -jgraf
chartographer kar'tagrafa', -'tog-; ES ka-,
-fa(r; |-phy -fi
chartographic jkarta'graefik; ES ;ka:t3-
Chartres Ifartra, Jort; ES 'Ja:t-, Ja:t; {Fr
/artr)
chartreuse, C-Xar'trsz; ESja:-; (Fr/ar'treiz)
chartulary 'kartjujeri; ES 'kaitju^leri
charwoman 'tjar^wuman, -jwu-; ES 'tja:-;
I -men -jWimin, -an
chary 'tX£ri, 't/erri, 'tjaeri, 'tjen; S 't/aeri,
't/eri — Some speakers distinguish char\'
from cherry by a longer e.
Charybdis ka'ribdis |-'s -iz |-dian -dian
chase, C- tjes |chases 't/esiz jchased tjest
chasm 'kaezam, tnuch less freq. 'kaezm 1-ed -d
chasmal 'kaezml |chasmic ^ksezmik
chasse /ae'se |-d -d — cf sashay
chasseur Jae'sy, ES -'s3(r, -'sy; (Fr/a'soeir)
chassis 'Jaesi, 'Jaesis \pl chassis 'Jaesiz
chaste tJest
chasten 't/esn ]-ed -d j-ing 't/esnii), -snig
chastise tjaes'taiz [-s -iz |-d -d
chastisement 'tjaestizmant, tjaes'taizmant
chastity 'tjaestati
chasuble 'tjaezjubl, 't/aes-
chat tjaet 1 chatted 'tjaetid
chateau /ae'to \pl -teaux -'toz {Fr Ja'to)
Chateaubriand Jae'tobriand, -^and {Fr
/atobri'a)
Chateau-Thierry /a'totb'ri {Fr /atotJE'rl)
chatelain 'Jaetljcn (Fr /a'tlS)
chatelaine '/^etljen (Fr Ja'tkn)
Chatham 'tjaetam, US ^/ace^ + 'tjaet-haem,
-am
Chatillon Shak. Jae'tiljan {Fr /ati'jo)
Chattahoochee jtXaeta'hut/i
Chattanooga jt/aetn'uga, jtjaeta'nuga
chattel 't/aetl |-ed -d
chatterbox 't/aeta^jbaks; ES 't/aetajbaks,
-jbnks; |-es -iz
Chatterton 'tjaeta^tan; ES 't/aetatan
Chattooga tja'tuga
Chaucer 't/asa^; ES 'tXasa(r; |-ism -jizam
Chaucerian tja'sirian
chauffer ^ stove' 'tfafa^; ES 'tj"afa(r
chauffeur 'Jbfa^jjo'fy; ES 'Xofa(r, Jo'f3(r, -'fy;
l-ed -d
chaulmoogra, -mugra t/al'mugra
Chauncey 't/ansi, 'tjonsi, 'tjansi, 'tjaensi
chaunt tfant, tjont, tjant |-ed -id
Chautauqua, c-Ja'takwa |-n -n
chauvinism '/ovinjizam |-ist -ist
chauvinistic j/ovi'mstik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikh
chaw t/a [chawed tjad
Chazy '/ezi, /e'zi ('Chazy's 'Landing)
cheap tj"ip |-ed -t
cheapen 'tjipan |-ed -d |-ing 'tjipanig, -pnig
Cheapside 't/ip^said, -'said
cheat, C- tjit | cheated 'tjitid
Cheatham 'tjitam — cf Cheetham, Chetham
Cheboygan /I'baigan
check t/ek | checked t/skt |-book -jbuk
Key: See in full §§3—47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret [yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeg*gri
jbath baeO; E ba6 (§10) |ah a [far far |watch watj", wotj (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
checker
checker 'tfek*; ES 't/tkaCr; |-ed -d |-ing
'tjEkarig, 'tfekrig
checkerboard 'tjeka^jbord, -^bord; ES 'tftka-
jboad, E+-jb33d; |-ed -id
checkmate 't/ek^met |-mated -^metid
checkoff UJekpf, -jii
checkrein 'tjek^ren
checkroom 'tjek^rum, -jrum
checkrow 't/ek^ro |-ed -d
checkstrap 't/skjStraep
Cheddar 't/eda-; ES 'tJedaCr
cheek tjik | cheeked tjikt
cheekbone 'tXikjbon, -'bon
Cheeke tfik
cheekily 'tfikli, -ih
cheep tjip [cheeped tjipt
cheer tjir; ES tji3(r, S+tJ"E3(r; |-ed -d
cheerful 'tjirfal; ES 'tjia-, S+'tJea-; j-ly -i
cheerily 'tjirali, -ili
cheerio 't/irijO
cheerly 'tjirh; ES 'tjiali, S+'t/Eali
cheese tfiz |cheeses 'tjiziz jcheesed tfizd
cheesecake 'tjiz^kek
cheesecloth HJizjkbe, -jkloG |-ths -t$z, -Gs
cheesemonger HJ'izjmAijga' ; ES -jmAggaCr
cheeseparing 'tjiz^perig, -jpaerig; S -jpaerig
cheetah 'tjita
Cheetham 'tjitam — cf Cheatham
chef /£f
chef-d'oeuvre Je'dcevra (Fr J"e'doe:vr)
Chefoo 'tji'fu
Cheke tjik
Chekov 't/ekof, -kof
chela 'claw' 'kila ] chelae ^kili
chela 'disciple' 'tjela
chela measure 'kela
Chelan /a 'laen
Chelmsford Mass Hfcmzi^d, 'tjElmz-, Engd
'tjelms-, 't/ems-; ES -fad
Chelonia ka'loma |chelonian kaUonian
Chelsea 'tjelsi
Cheltenham 'tjeltnam, 'tjeltnam
chemic 'kenuk j-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikb
chemise /a 'miz |-s -iz |-sette jJemi'zEt
chemist 'kenust j-ry -ri
Chemnitz 'kemnits \-'s -iz
Chemosh 'kimaj, -mnj |-'s -iz
chemotherapy jkemo'Oerapi
Chemung /I'mAg
79 cheval-de-frise
chemurgic kem'a^dsik; ES -hd^-, -^yds-;
l-al -1
chemurgy 'ktms^dsi; ES -sdsi, -ydsi
Chenango Ji'naeggo
chenille /a 'nil
Cheops 'kiaps; ES+'kiops |-'s -iz
Chepstow 'tjepsto
cheque tjek |-r -■y-; ES -a(r; j-red -a^d; ES -ad;
I -ring 't/ekarig, 'tjekrig
chequerboard 'tXtka^jbord, -^bard; ES 't/eka-
(boad, E+-jbaad; |-ed -id
Cheraw 'tjira, tji'ra
Cherbourg Iferburg; ES Ifeabuag; {Fr
Jer'burr)
cherish 'tJenX |-es -iz |-ed -t
Cherith 'kiriO, 'tJiriO
Cherokee 'tjerajki, jtfera'ki
cheroot /a 'rut
cherry 't/eri |cherried 'tj"end
Chersonese, c- 'k3"sa,niz; ES 'kssa-, 'ks'sa-
chert tjs^t; ES tjst, tjyt
cherub 'tjerab \-s, -z |-im -im, 'tferjubim
I -in -in, -jubin
cherubic tja'rubik, -'nubik |-al -1 |-ally -li,
-ikh
chervonets tjtr'vanits \pl chervontsi tjer-
'vantsi
Cherwell 'tjarwal, -wel; ES 'tja:-
Chesaning 'tjEsnig
Chesapeake tjes'pik, jt/esa'pik ('Chesajpeake
'Bay)
Chesham 'tjEjam, less frcq. 't/Esam — 'tjE/am
is a sp. pron. Cf Bentham
Cheshire 'tjEjir, 'tMa^; ES 'tXeXia(r, -/a(r
chess tjES I chesses 'iJesiz
chessboard 'tjESjbord, -^bard; ES -jboad, E-t-
-jbaad
chessman 'tjESjmaen, -man |-men -jiUEn, -man
chest tjESt I chested 'tjEstid
Chester, c- 'tjesta^; ES 'tX£sta(r
Chesterfield 'tjEsta^^fild; ES 'tJ"Esta-
Chesterton 't/Esta'tan; ES 'tjEstatan, -tn
Chester White 'tjEsta^'hwait; ES 't/ESta-
chestnut 'tjEsnat, -^nAt
chestnut-roan 'tjesnat'ron ('chestnut^roan
'mare)
chetah 'tjita
Chetham 't/Etam — cf Cheatham
cheval-de-frise /a 'vaelda 'friz \pl -vaux- -'vo-
|full ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fySa^; ES 'fstSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'vi5an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipip
cheval-glass
80
China
cheval-glass /aVaeljglaes; E+-jglas,
-iglas;
chide tjaid \past chid tjid or chided 'tjaidid
|-es -iz
\pptc chid t/id or chidden 't/idn or chided
chevalier jjeva'hr; ES -'li3(r, S+-'lE3(t
'tjaidid
Cheviot Hills, sheep 'tjeviat, 'tfiv-;
vil.
Chidley 'tj-idli
If mat. Ifev-; jCh-, ch- cloth
jEviat,
chief t/if |-tain -tin |-taincy -tinsi
't/Eviat
chield tjild Ichiel tJU
Chevrolet jjEvra'le
chiffon /i 'fan, -'fon, 'Jifan
chevron 'Jevran |-ed -d
chiffonier jjifa'nir; ES -'ni3(r, S-t--'nE3(r,
chevy, C- 't/Evi | chevied 'tjevid
-'nJEaCr
chew, C- tju, t/iu |-ed -d
chigger 'tjiga^; ES 'tJigaCr
chewink t/i'wigk
chignon 'Jinjan, -jon (/^r Ji'jio)
Cheyenne /ai'en
chigoe 'tjigo
Cheyne 't/eni, 't/en
Chihuahua tji'wawa, -'wdwd
chi G^ letter kai
chilblain 't/iljblen |-ed -d J-s -z
Chian 'kaisn
child, C-(e) tjaild |-ed -id \pl see children
Chiang Kai-shek tji'ag'kaiyek, 'tjjag
-
childbearing 't/aild^bEng, -jbaerig; S -jbaer-
Chianti, c- ki'aenti {It 'kjanti)
childbirth 't/aild^yO; ES -^bsB, ->yO j-ths
chiaroscuro ki^ara'skjuro, -'skiuro {It
ikja:-
-es
ro'sku:ro)
Childermas 't/ilda^mas; ES 't/ilda-
chibouk, -que tji'buk, -T)uk
childhood 'tjaild^hud
chic Jik, /ik
childlike 't/aild,laik
Chicago Ja'kago, -'kngo, -'kago, /i-, -a
l-ed -d
children 't/ildran, -drin, -da^n; ES -dran.
|-goan -gawan
-drin, -dan
chicane Ji'ken | -caned -'kend |-
canery
Childress 't/aildris j-'s -iz
-'kenari
Chile 'tjih l-an -an j-lian -ban {Sp 'tJUe)
Chichen Itza tJi'tjEiiit'sa
Chili US\Sih, iVF 'tjailai
Chichester 't/itjista^; ES HJitJistaCr
chih, -le 'tjib
chick tjik
Chilkat 'tjilkat
chickadee 'tjikajdi, jtJikaMi
Chilkoot 't/ilkut
Chickahominy jtjika'hamam; ES-i--'hi
9m-
chill tjil 1 chilled tjild
Chickamauga jtJika'mDga ('Chicka^
mauga
chilli 'tjik
'Creek)
Chillicothe .t/ila'kaOi; ES+-'knOi; ('ChiUi-
chickaree 't/ikajri
jcothe 'Road)
Chickasaw 't/ikajso
Chillingworth 'tXibgwa-O, -jWyO; ES -wa6.
Chickasawhay jtJika'sDwe |-wha -wa
-jwso, -jw^e
Chickasha 't/ikayjc
Chillon/a'lan, -'Ion, '/ilan {FrfV jo)
chicken 't/ikin, -an
chilly 'tJib
chickenhearted 'tXikin'hartid, -an-
; ES
Chiltern 't/ilta^n; ES 't/iltan
-'ha:tid, E+-'ha:tid; ('chickenjhearted
chimaera ka'nura, kai-
'hero)
chimb t/aim
chicken-pox 'tjikiii^paks, -an-; ES-t--iPoks
Chimborazo jtjimba'rezo, -'razo {Am Sp
Chickering 'tjikang, 't/ikrig
jt/imbo'raso) |+ J-
chickweed 'tjikjwid
chime t/aim |chimed t/aimd
chicle 'tjikl, 'tjikl {Sp 'tjikle)
chimera ka'mira, kai'mira
Chico 'tjiko
cliimerical ka'mirikl, kai- |-ly -i, -ikli
Chicopee 'tjika^pi, -pi
chimney 'tj"imni | chimneyed 't/imnid
chicory 'tjikari, H/ikri
chimpanzee jtXimpaen'zi, tjim'paenzi, ,/-, /-
Chicot 'tJiko(Fr/i'ko)
chin t/in jchinned tfind
Chicot Ifiko
China, c- 't/aina [-man, -men -man
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |3^et JEt |sang sasg | angry 'aeg-gri
|bath baeB; E baS (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wntj" (§12) |jaw 650 |gorge gards |go go
chlnaware
81
choke-full
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with n in E and S
chinaware 't/amajwer, -jwaer; E
-iWEa(r, ES
Chisholm 't/izam [Chisolm 't/izam
-jwaea(r
Chiswick 't/izik
chincapin 'f/igkapin
chit t/it [chitted 't/itid
chinch 't/mtj |-es -iz
chitchat 't/it^t/aet |-ty -i
chinchilla, C- t/m't/ila
chiton 'kaitii, -tan, -ton
chincough 'tjiiijkaf, -^kof
Chittenden 'tjitiidan
chine t/ain | chined t/aind
chitter 'tjita^; ES 't/itaCr; j-ed -d
Chinee t/ai'ni
chitterling 't/ita^lig; ES 'tjita-
Chinese tjai'niz |-'s -iz ('Chi^nese
cabbage)
chivalric '/ivlrik, Ji Vaelrik [-rous 'Jivlras
chink tjigk [chinked t/igkt
chivalry Ifivlri — The historical pron. 'tjivlri is
chinkapin 'tjigkapin
now rare.
Chino- Japanese 'tjamojdsaepa'niz
chive t/aiv
Chinook, c- tji'nuk, -'nuk
Chivers 't/iva^z; ES 't/ivaz
chinquapin 'tjigkapin
chlamys 'klemis, 'klaem- |-es -iz j-mydes
chinse, chintze naut. tfints |-d -t
'klaemijdiz
chintz t/ints [chintzes 't/mtsiz
Chloe 'klo'i
Chios 'kaias, -ds
chloral 'kloral, 'kbr-; S 'kloral
chip tjip [chipped tjipt
chlorate 'klorit, 'kbr-, -ret; S 'klor-
Chipewayan ^tJipaVean
chloric 'klorik, 'kbr-; S 'klonk
Chipewyan jt/ipaVaian
chlorid 'klorid, 'kbr-; S 'klorid; [-ride -raid.
chipmunk 'tJipmAgk
-rid
Chippawa 'tjipajwa, -jWd, -jwe.
-wa
chlorin 'klorin, 'klar-; S 'klorin; [-rine -rin,
Chippendale 't/ipan^del
-rin
Chippenham 'tjipanam
chlorinate 'klori^net, 'kbr-; S 'klor-; |-d -id
chipper 't/ipa^; ES 'tJipaCr; [-ed -d |-ing
chlorite 'klorait, 'kbr-; S 'klorait
'tfiparig, 'tjiprig
chloroform 'klor a jf arm, 'kbra-; ES 'klor a -
Chippewa 't/ipajWa, -jWd, -^we.
-wa [-way
yfaam, E+'klara-
-iwe
chlorophyll, -yl 'kloraifil, 'kbra-; S 'klor a -
chippy 't/ipi
chloroplast 'klorajplaest, 'kbra-; S 'klora-
chirk tjyk; ES tjsk, t/yk; [ed -t
chlorous 'kloras, 'kbr-; S 'kloras
chirm, charm tfym, tjarm; ES t/sm, tfym.
Choate t/ot
tjaim
choate adj 'koet
chirograph ^aira^graef; E+-igraf,
-igraf
chock tjak [chocked tjakt
chirographer kai'ragrafa^, -'rug-;
ES -fa(r;
chockablock 'tjaka'blak
[-phy -fi
chock-full 'tj"ak'ful
chirographic jkaira'graefik |-al -1
chocolate 'tjakht, -kalit, 't/ak-, 't/ok-; S
Chiron 'kairan, -ron, -ran
'tJak-, 'tjuk-, 't/ak-
chiropody kaiVapadi |-dist -dist
Chocorua tja'karawa./a-, -'kar, -'knr-
chiropracter 'kaira^praekta'; ES -jpraekt3(r
Choctaw 'tjakta
chiropractic jkaira'praektik
choice t/ais [choices 't/aisiz
chirp t/yp; ES tjsp, tjyp; |-ed -t
choir kwair; ES kwaia(r; [-ed -d
chirr tfy; ES t/3(r, tjy; |-ed -d
choirboy 'kwairjbai; ES 'kwaia-
chirrup 't/irap, 'tjyap; ES+'tJsr-,
'tjAr-
choke tjok [choked tjokt; iNEngd+tpik (§46)
chirurgeon kaiVydsan; ES -Vsds
-, -'rydj-
chokebore 'tjokjbor, -ibar; ES -^boaCr, E+
chirurgery kai'rydsari; ES -'rads
-, -Vyds-
-jbaaCr; |-d -d
chirurgic kai'rydsik; ES -'rsds-, -
Vyds-
chokecherry ^tJok^tXeri
Chisago jtfisa'go
chokedamp 't/ok^daemp
chisel 't/iz} [-ed -d [-ing 'tfizbg, -
zJiO
choke-full 't/ok'ful
[full ful [tooth tue [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish d^f [vision 'visan [Eden 'idi^ [cradle 'kred| [keep 'era 'kipip
chold
82
chronometric
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with n in E and S
chold dial. '/ would' t/ud
crisscross 'kris^kras, -jkrns |-es -iz
choler 'kala^; ES 'kab(r
Christ Jesus kraist, given name krist, kris
cholera 'kabra
Christabel 'kristajbel
choleric 'kalsrik
Christchurch 'kraist ^t/ytj"; ES -.t/stj, -.tjytj
cholesterol ka'kstajtol
christcross 'kris^kros, -jkros |-es -iz
Cholmley, -meley, -mondeley, Chomley
christen 'krisn |-ed -d j-ing 'knsnig, -snig
'tjAmli
Christendom 'krisndam
choose tfuz |-s -iz | chose tjoz ] chosen 'tjozn
Christian 'kristjan
chop 'j'aw' tjap j-s -s = chap
Christiana jkristi'aena
chop V tfap [chopped tjapt
Christiania jkristi'ania, kns'tjama
chopf alien 't/apjfDbn, -^foln
Christianity jkristji'aenati, kris't/aenati
Chopin Ifopaen./o'paen (Fr/o'p*)
Christianize 'kristjan^aiz \-s -iz |-d -d
chopin, -e measure 'tjapin
Christie 'kristi
chopine, -in ^patten' 'tJapin, tjo'pin
Christina kns'tina |-tine -'tin ('Chrisjtina
choppy 't/api
'Day)
chopstick 'tjapjstik
Christlike 'kraist Jaik [Christly 'kraistli
chop suey, sooy 't/ap'sui, -'siui
Christmas 'krismas |-es -iz 1-ed -t
choral adj 'koral, 'karal; S 'koral |-ly -i
Christmastide 'krismas,taid
choral, -e n ko'ral, ka-, 'koral, 'kor-; S koVal,
Christopher 'kristafa^; ES 'kristafa(r
'koral
Christy 'kristi
Chorazin koVezin
chroma 'kroma
chord kord; ES kaad; |-ed -id
chromate 'kromet |-d -id
chore tjor, tjar; ES tJoaCr, E+tX33(r; |-d -d
chromatic kro'maetik |-al -1 1-ally -li, -ikli
chorea ko'ria, k3-; S ko'ria; j-l -1 j-reic -Viik
chromatin 'kromatin
choreography jkon'agrafi, jka-, -'og-; S ^ko-
chrome krom | chromed kromd [chromic
choric 'korik, 'kor-, 'kar-, 'kor-
'kromik
chorister 'korista', 'kar-, ^kor-; ES -t3(r
chromium 'kromiam
chorography ko'ragrafi, ka-, -Vog-; S ko-
chromo 'kromo
choroid 'koroid, 'kor-; S 'kor-
chromolithograph ^kromo'liea^graef; E+
chortle 'tjDrtl; ES 't/aatl; j-d -d j-ling -tlig,
-jgraf, -,graf
-thrj
chromosome 'kroma ^som
chorus 'koras, 'karas; S 'koras; |-es -iz j-ed -t
chromosphere 'kroma^sfir; ES -jsfia(r, S+
chose past of choose tJoz
-isfea(r
chose 'property' Joz choses 'Joziz
chronic 'kranik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
chosen pptc of choose 'tjozri
chronicle 'kranikl j-d -d [ling -klig, -klig
Chosen 'Korea' H/o'sen
chronicler 'kranikla^; ES -kla(r
chough t/Af
Chronicles 'kraniklz
chouse t/aus |-s -iz
chronograph 'kranajgraef; E+-jgraf, -igraf
chow tjau
chronographic ^krana'graefik j-al -1 [-ally -li,
chowchow 'tjauitjau
-ikh
chowder 't/auda^; ES H/audaCr; j-ed -d |-ing
chronologer kra'naladsa^; ES -dsaCr; |-gy
'tjaudarig, -dng
-dsi l-gist -dsist
chow mein 'tjau'inen
chronologic ^krana'ladsik |-al -1 |-ally -li.
Chrestien, -et-, de Troyes Fr kretjada'trwa
-ikli
chrestomathy kres'tamaOi
chronometer kra'namata'; ES -'namata(r;
chrism 'krizam |-ed -d
|-try -tri
chrismal 'krizml |chrismale knz'meli
chronometric ^krana'mEtrik j-al -1 |-ally -li,
chrisom 'knzam
-ikh
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gn
|bath baeG; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj", wot/ (§12) |ja\v dsa |gorge gards |go go
chronoscope
83
CIO
chronoscope 'kranajskop; ES + 'kron-
cicatrize 'sika^traiz j-s -iz |-d -d
chronoscopic jkrona^skapik |-ally -h, -ikh
cicely 'sisli |-hes -liz
chronoscopy kro^naskspi; ES+-'nDS-
Cicely 'sisli
chrysaUd 'krislid
Cicero 'sisa^ro |-nian jSisa 'reman
chrysalis 'krislis |-es -iz [-Hdes kn^saelsidiz
cicerone jSisa'roni, jtjitja'roni {It itjit/e-
chrysanthemum kris'aenOsmam
Vo:ne)
Chryseis krai'siis |-'s -iz
Cid sid {Sp eit$)
Chrysler 'kraisla^; ES 'kraisl3(r
cider 'saida^; ES 'saidaCr
chrysoberyl 'krisajberal, -il
cider-mill 'saida^jinil; ES 'saida-
chrysolite 'krisl^ait
cider-press 'saida^jprss; ES 'saida-; |-es -iz
chrysoprase 'krisa^prez
cigar SI 'gar; ES si'ga:(r, E+-'ga:(r
Chrysostom ^knsastam, kris'astam, -'ds-
cigarette, -ret ^siga'ret, 'sigajtet
chthonian 'Oonian |-onic 'Oanik; ES+'Gon-
cilia pi 'silia \sg cihum 'siliam
chub t/Ab Ichubbed 'tJ"Abid
cihary 'sili^eri
chubby 'tjAbi Ichubbily 'tjAbli, -di
ciliate 'sihit, 'sih^et |-ated -iCtid
chuck t/Ak 1 chucked tjAkt
Cihcia sa'lija, -Jia |-n -n
chuck-full 't/Ak'ful
cilium 'siliam
chuckle 'tjAkl |-d -d |-ling 'tjAkhg, -kjig
Cimabue jt/ima'bui (7/ jtjima'bure)
chucklehead 'tjAkl^hed
Cimarron 'simajron, jSima'ron {Am Sp
chud dial. 'I would' tfud
jsima'rran)
chuff t/Af 1 chuffed t/Aft
Cimber 'simba^; ES 'simba(r
chug tfAg Ichugged t/Agd
cimex 'saimsks |cimices 'simajsiz
chukker, -kar 't/Aka^; ES 'tjAkaCr
Cimmerian sa'nurian
Chulmleigh 'tjAinh
cinch sint/ |cinches 'sintjiz [cinched sintjt
chum tfAm | chummed tjAmd j-my -i
cinchona, C- sin'kona
chump t/Amp |chumped tjAmpt
Cincinnati jSinsa'naeti, -'naeta; E-|--'nat-; —
Chungking 't/ug'kig
-ti b' -ta seem about equally frequent loc.
chunk t/Aijk [chunked t/Agkt
and generally.
church, C- tjs^tj; ES t/stj, tjytj"; |-es -iz |-ed-t
Cincinnatus jSinsa'netas [-'s -iz
Churchill 'tj3^tXri, -3l; ES 't/st/-, 'tjytj-
cincture 'sigkija^; ES 'sigktJaCr; |-d -d
churchman, C-, -men 'tjs^tjman; ES see
cinder 'sinda^; ES 'sinda(r; |-ed -d |-ing
church
'sindrig, 'sindarig
churchwarden 'tJytJVordn, -jwardn; ES
Cinderella jSinda'rela
't/st/'waadn, 't/yt/'waadn, -jwoadn
cinema 'smama
churchyard 'tjytjjard; ES 'tjstjjaid, 'tfa-tf-
cinematograph iSma'maetajgraef; E+-jgraf,
Ja:d, E+-ja:d
-,graf
churl tjyl; ES tjsl, t/yl; |-ed -d 1-ish -ij
cinematography jSinama'tagrafi, -'tog-
churn tfa^n; ES tjsn, t/yn; |-ed -d
cineraria, C- jSina'tEfia, -'rer-
churr tjy; ES tjalr, tjy; |-ed -d
cinerarium jSina'tEriam, -'rer- \pl -ria -ria
chute Jut Ichuted Ifutid
cinerary 'sinajteri
chutney, -nee 't/Atni
Cingalese jsigga'liz
Chuzzlewit 'tjAzl^wit
Cinna 'sina
chyle kail [chylous ^kailss
cinnabar 'smajbor; ES -jba:(r, E+-jba:(r
chyme kaim |chymous 'kaimas .
cinnamon 'sinaman [-ed -d
Cibber 'siba-; ES 'sibaCr
cinque sigk
ciborium si'boriam, -^bar-; S -'bor-; |-s -z
cinquefoil 'sigk^fail
|-ia -13
Cinque Ports 'sigk'ports, -'parts; ES -'poats,
cicada si^keda, -^kada
E+-'paats
cicatrix 'sikatriks |-es -iz | -trices jSikaHraisiz
CIO 'si^ai'o
[full ful [tooth tue [further 'fs^Sa^; ES 'faSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
cion
84
cithara
cion 'scton 'saian
Cipango si'paeggo
cipher 'saifa^; ES ^saif3(r; |-ed -d |-ing
%aifng, ^aifsrig
cipolin 'sipslin
circa 'syka; ES 'saka, 'ss'ka
Circassia sa^'ksejia, -Ja; ES sa-; |-n -n
Circe 'sysi, -si; ES 'sss-, 'sys-
circinate 'sysn^et; ES 'sss-, 'sys-
circle 'sykl; ES 'sskl, 'sykl; [-d -d 1-ling
-kho, -khg
circlet 'ss'klit; ES 'ssk-, 'syk-
circuit 'sykit; ES 'sskit, 'sa^kit; |-ed -id
circuitous sa^'kjuitas, -'kiu-; ES sa-; |-ty -ti
circular 'sykjala^; ES 's3kJ3l3(r, 'sykjalaCr
circularity jsykja'laerati; ES jssk-, jss^k-
circularize 'sykjala^raiz; ES 'ssk-, 'syk-;
|-s -iz |-d -d
circulate 'sykjajet; ES 'ssk-, 'syk-; |-d -id
circulation jsykja'leXan; ES ^ssk-, jsyk-
circulatory 'sykjalajtori, -jtori; ES 'sskjala-
jtori, 'syk-, E+-jt3ri
circumambient jsykam'aembiant ; ES jssk-,
jsyk-
circumambulate jsykam'aembjajlet; ES jssk-,
iSyk-; |-d -id
circumaviate jsykam'evijct; ES ^ssk-, ^ss^k-;
l-d -id
circumcise 'sykam^saiz; ES 's3k-, 'syk-;
|-s -IZ |-d -d
circumcision jSykam'sisan; ES ^ssk-, ^syk-
circumference sa^'kAmfarans, sa'kAm-; ES
sa-; |-s -IZ — In the 2d pron. ^ has become a
by r -dissimilation {§121) .
circumferential sa^jkAmfa'renJal; ES sa-;
J-ly-i
circumflex 'sykam^fleks; ES 's3k-, 'syk-;
|-es -IZ 1-ed -t
circumfluent sa^'kAmfluant; ES sa-
circumfuse ^sykam'fjuz, -'fiuz; ES jssk-,
jsyk-; |-s -iz j-d -d
circumjacence jsykam'dsesns; ES jssk-,
iSyk-; |-cy -i |-cent -snt
circumlocution ^ss^kamlo'kjujan, -'kiu-; ES
jssk-, jsyk-
circumlocutory jsykam'lakjajtori, -jtari; ES
iSsk-, jsyk-, -'Ink-, E+-jt3ri
circumnavigable jss^kam'naevagabl; ES jSsk-,
jsyk-
cireumnavigate jSa'kamWvajget; ES jsak-,
jsyk-; |-d -id |-tor -9^; ES -a(r
circumnavigation jsykanijnaeva'ge/an; ES
jsak-, jsyk-
circumpolar jsykam'pola^; ES jS3kam'pola(r,
iSykam'pol3(r
circumscribe ,s3^kam'skraib; ES ^ssk-, ^ss^k-;
|-d -d ('circum^scribed 'halo)
circumscription jsykam'sknpjan; ES jSsk-,
iSyk-
circumspect 'ss^kam^spEkt; ES 'ssk-, 's^k-
circumspection jsykam'spEkJan; ES ^ssk-,
;syk-; |-tive -tiv
circumstance 'sykam^staens; ES 'ssk-, 'syk-;
|-s -IZ |-d -t
circumstantial jsykam'staen/al; ES jSsk-,
jsyk-; |-ly -i
circumstantiality jsykamjstaenji'jebti; ES
jSsk-, ,syk-
circumstantiate jsykam'staen/ijct; ES jSsk-,
jsyk-; |-d -id
circumvallation jS3'kamvae'leJ'3n; ES jSsk-,
jss^k-
circumvent jsyksmHxnt; ES ^ssk-, jsyk-;
|-ed -id |-vention -Ven/an
circus, C- 'sykas; ES 'ssk-, 'syk-; |-es -iz
Cirencester 'sairan^sEsta^, 'sisita^, 'sizita^; ES
-ta(r — All tliese prons. {including the -■») are
used in Cirencester and vicinity. The BBC {in
1936) recommended 'sisitar, 'saiaran^sEstar.
cirque syk; ES ssk, sa^k
cirrhosis siVosis
cirro-cumulus jSiro'kjumjabs, -'kium- |-li
-jlai
cirrose 'siros
cirro-stratus jSiro'stretas |-ti -tai
cirrus 'siras ] cirri 'sirai | cirrous 'siras
cisalpine, C- sis'aelpain, -pin
cisco, C- ^sisko
cismontane, C- sis'manten; ES+-'niDn-
cispadane 'sispa^den, sis'peden
cist sist, kist = kist
Cistercian sis'ty/an; ES -'tsj-, -'tyj-
cistern 'sista^n; ES 'sistan
citable 'saitabl
citadel, C- 'sitadl, -jdel
citation sai'te/3n
cite salt ]cited 'saitid |citeable 'saitabl
cithara 'siOara
Key; See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'p'ti (§6) [rate ret |yet jst |sang saeij |angrj' 'aeg^gri
|bath baee; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wat/, wDiJ" (§12) Ijaw dja |gorge gards |go go
cither
85
classification
cither 'siOa^; ES 'si63(r; |-n -n
citied 'sitid
citify ^sitijfai |-fied -^faid
citizen 'sitszn, -sn |-ry -ri j-ship -j/ip
citrate 'sitret, -rit |-d -id |-ric -rik
citriculture 'sitrijkAltXa^; ES -jkAltJaCr
citrine 'sitnn
Citroen 'sitrojcn
citron 'sitran |-ade jSitran'ed
citronella jSitr3n'£l3
citrus, C- 'sitras | citrous 'sitras
Citta del Vaticano It tjit'ta-deljvati'kamo
cittern 'sita^n; ES 'sitan
city 'siti [citied 'sitid
city-state 'siti'stet
Ciudad Trujillo Am Sp sju'tiatitru'hijo
civet 'sivit j-ed -id
civic 'sivik |-s -s |-ally -li, -ikli
civil 'sivl, less freq. 'sivil |-ly -i
civilian saViljan jcivility sa'vilati
civilizable 'sivl,aiz3bl
civilization iSivla'ze/an, -ai'z-
civilize 'sivl,aiz j-s -iz [-d -d
clabber 'klaeba^; ES -baCr; |-ed -d |-ing
'klaebarig, 'klaebrig
clack klaek | clacked klaekt
Clackamas 'klaekamas |-'s -iz
Clackmannan klaek'maenan |-shire -;Xir, -Ja^;
ES -;Xi3(r, -/3(r
clad klaed
Claiborne 'kleba^n; ES 'kleban
Claibornian kle'bornian, -'bam-; ES -'boan-,
E+-'baan-
claim klem [claimed klemd |-ant -ant
Clair(e) kkr, klar; E kka(r, ES klaea(r
clairvoyance kkr'vaians, klaer-; E kka-, ES
kliea-; |-ant -ant
Clallam 'klaelam
clam klaem [clammed klsemd
clamant 'klemant
clambake 'klaem^bek
clamber 'klaemba^; ES -ba(r; ]-ed -d |-ing
'klaembarig, 'klaembrig
clammy 'klaemi |-mily -mli, -mih
clamor 'klaema-; ES 'klaema(r; |-ed -d |-ing
'klfemrig, 'klaemarig
clamorous 'klaemaras, 'kl^emras
clamp klaemp [clamped klaempt
clamshell 'klaemj/tl
clan klaen [clanned klaend [-nish -ij
clandestine klaen'dEStin
clang klag [clanged klaegd
clangor 'klaegga^, 'klaega^; ES -a(r; |-ed -d
|-ous -as
clank klsegk [clanked klaegkt
clansman 'klaenzman [-men -man
clap klaep [clapped klaept
clapboard 'klaeba^d, 'klaebord, 'klaep^bord,
-3rd; ES 'klajbad, 'klaeboad, 'klaepjboad,
E+-aad; |-ed -id
clapper 'klaepa^; ES 'klaepa(r; |-ed -d [-ing
'klaeparig, 'klaeprig
clapperclaw 'klaepa^jkla; ES 'klaepa-; j-ed -d
claptrap 'klaep jtraep
claque klaek
Clara 'klera, 'klaera; S 'klaera
clarabella, C- jklaera'bela
Clare kkr, klaer; E kka(r, ES klaBa(r
Claremont 'kkrmant, 'klaer-; E 'kka-, ES
'klaea-, -mont
Claremore 'kkrmor, 'klaer-, -mar; E
'kkamoa(r, 'klaa-, -maa(r; S 'klaeamoa(r
Clarence 'klaerans [-'s -iz
Clarendon, c- 'klaerandan
claret 'klaerat, -it
Claribel 'klaera jbel
Clarice 'klaeris |-'s -iz
clarification ^klaerafa'kejan
clarify 'klaera jfai |-fied -jfaid
Clarinda kla'rinda
clarinet jklaera'net ('clarionet 'solo) .
clarion, C- 'klaerian
clarionet ^klaeria'net
Clarissa kla'risa
clarity 'klaerati
Clark, -e klark; ES kla:k, E-hkla:k
Clarksburg 'klarksbyg; ES 'kla-.ksbsg,
'kla:ksbyg, E-i-'kla:ks-
clary 'kkri, 'klaen; S 'klaeri
clash klaej [clashes 'klaejiz [clashed klae/t
clasp klaesp; E+klasp, klasp; [ed -t
class klaes; E-i-klas, klas; |-es -iz [-ed -t
classic 'klaesik [-al -I [-ally -li, -ikli
classicalism 'klaesikl,izam |-ist -ist
classicaUty jklaesa'kaelati
classicism 'klaesa jSizam [-cist -sist
classifiable 'klaesajfaiabl
classification jklaesafa'kejan
[full ful [tooth tu8 [further 'fy'Sa'; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, huz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
classify
86
clientele
classify 'klaes3,fai |-fied -jfaid
classman 'klaesman; E+'klas-, 'klas-; |-men
-man
classmate 'klaes^met; E+'klas-, 'klas-
classroom 'klaes^rum, -,Tvm; E+'klas-, 'klas-
clatter 'klaeta^; ES 'klaet3(r; [-ed -d
Claude Lorrain 'kbdlo'ren, -b-, -Id- (Fr
klodlD^rje)
Claudia 'kbdia |-n -n ]-ius -s 1-ius's -siz
Claudio 'kbdijO, 'kbdjo
clause kbz |clauses ^kbziz ]-d -d |-sal -1
claustral 'kbstral
claustrophobia ^kbstra'fobia
clavate 'klevet |-d -id
clave arch, past of cleave klev
Claverhouse 'klaevaras, 'klaeva^z, 'klaev»-
jhaus; ES 'klaevaras, 'klaevaz, 'klaeva^haus;
|-'s -iz, Bri4+^k\e\-
clavichord 'klaevajkard; ES -^kaad
clavicle 'klaevakl
clavier 'keyboard' 'klaevia^, kbVir, 'instru-
ment' kbVir; ES 'klaevi'3(r, kla'viaCr
claw kb I clawed kbd
clay, C- kle | clayed kled
Clayhanger 'kle^haeria^; ES -jhaeoaCr
claymore 'klemor, -mar; ES -mo3(r, E +
-m33(r
Clayton 'kletn
clean klin | cleaned klind |-ness 'klmnis
clean-cut 'klin'kAt ('clean-^cut 'edges)
cleanly adj 'kknli
cleanly adv 'klinli
cleanse kknz [cleanses 'kkiiziz |-d -d
cleanup n 'klin^Ap
clear kbr; ES kli3(r, S+kl£3(r; |-ed -d
clearance 'klirans; S + 'kkr-; |-s -iz
clear-cut 'klir'kAt; ES 'kha'kAt, S+'kka-
clear-eyed 'khr'aid; S-h'kkr-; ('clear-^eyed
'ox)
Clearfield 'kbr.fdd; ES 'kha-, S+'klea-
clearheaded 'klir'hedid; ES 'kba-, S-h'kka-
clearing 'kbrig; S+'kkrig; |-house -,haus
clear-sighted 'kbr'saitid; ES 'kba-, S-i-'kka-
clearstarch 'kbr^startj; E 'kbajstaitj, -^sta:!/;
S 'kbajstaitj, 'kka-; |-es -iz |-ed -t
clearstory 'kbr,ston, -jston; E 'kba-; S
'kbajSton, 'kka-
Clearwater 'kbr^wota', -jwata^, -jwnta^; ES
'kb3jW3t3(r, -jwat-, -jwnt-, S+'kka-
cleat klit (cleated 'klitid
cleavable 'kUvabl
cleavage 'kUvids \-s -iz
cleave 'clitig' kliv \past b" pptc cleaved klivd
\arch. past clave klev or clove klov
cleave 'split' kUv \past cleft kleft or cleaved
klivd or clove klov; arch, clave klev \pptc
cleft kkft or cleaved klivd or cloven
'klovan; arch, clove klov
Cleaveland, Moses 'kbvbnd
cleek klik |-ed -t
clef kkf
cleft kkft
cleistogamus klais'tagsmss, -'tog-
clematis, C- 'kkmatis |-es -iz
Clemenceau jkkman'so (Frklema'so)
Clemens 'kkmanz |-'s -iz
clement, C- 'kkmant | clemency 'kkmsnsi
Clementina jkkman'tina
Clementine /e??7. name 'kkman^tin, -jtain
Clementine 'of Clement' 'kkmantin, -jtain
clench kkntj [clenches 'klentjiz [-ed -t
Cleomenes kU'amSjiiiz; ES-h-'om-; [-'s -iz
Cleon 'klian, -on
Cleopatra jklia'petra, -'patra, -'paetra
clepsydra 'kkpsidra \-s -z j-drae -jdri
cleptomania ^kkpta'mema |-iac -i,aek
clerestory 'kbr;Stori, -jstori; E 'klia-; S
'kbajstori, 'kka-
clergy 'kls^dsi; ES 'kbdsi, 'klydsi; |-man
-man |-men -man
cleric 'kkrik |-al -1 |-ally -b, -ikb
clerk klyk; ES kbk, klyk; Brit. kla:k, klark;
|-ed -t |-ly -b
Clerkenwell 'klykan^wel; ES 'kbk-, 'kls-k-;
loc. 'kla:kanwal
Clermont 'kkrmant; ES 'kkamant, -mnnt
Clevedon 'kUvdan
Cleveland 'kbvland
clever 'kkva^; ES 'kkva(r; [-er 'kkvara^,
'kkvra^; ES -ra(r; |-est -ist, -vrist
Cleves klivz |-'s -iz
clevis 'kkvis |-es -iz
clew klu, kliu j-ed -d
chche kli'/e
click kbk |chcked kbkt
clickety -clack 'kbkati'klaek | -click -'kbk
client 'klaiant |-ed -id |-age -ids
cHentele ^klaian'tel
Key: See in full §§3-^7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret |yet ]zt |sang saeg |angr>^ 'aeo'gri
Ibath baeO; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watf, wotj (§12) |jaw dsa Igorge gards |go go
cliff
87
cloths
cliff klif Icliffed klift
clootie ^kluti, Sc 'klyti
Clifford 'khfa^d; ES Mifad
Cloquet klo'ke
Clifton 'khftan |-ia khf'tonia
close adj klos; NEngd+hY6s {§46)
climacteric klai'maektsrik, jklaimsek'terik
close n 'end' kloz |-s -iz
climacterical jklaimaek^terikl |-ly -i
close n 'enclosed place' klos |-s -iz
climactic klai'maektik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
close V kloz 1 closes 'kloziz [closed klozd
climate 'klaimit |-d -id |-tal -itl, -all
closefisted 'klos'fistid ('close-fisted 'miser]
climatology jklaima'tabdsi; ES+-'tDl-
close-fitting 'klos'fitig
climature 'klaimajt/ur; ES -^tJuaCr
close-grained 'klos 'gr end
climax ^klaimaeks |-es -iz |-ed -t
close-hauled 'klos 'hold
climb klaim jclimbed klaimd j-er -a^; ES -3(r
close-lipped 'klos'hpt ('close-clipped 'smile)
clime klaim
close-mouthed 'klos'mau'Sd, -'mauGt
clinch, C- klintj" |-es -iz j-ed -t
closet 'klazit, 'klnzit |-ed -id
Clinedinst 'klaindmst
close-up 'klosjAp
cling khg | clung kUg | -stone -jston
closure 'klosa^; ES 'klo33(r; |-d -d
clinic 'klinik |-al -1 -ally -li, -ikli
clot klat; ES-i-klnt; |-ted -id
clinician kli'ni/an
Cloten 'klotn
clink kligk |clinked kliijkt |-er -»; ES -3(r
cloth kbe, kloG |-ths 'pieces of cloth' -Sz,
clinker-built 'khgka-jbilt; ES 'kligka-
'kinds of cloth' -9s |-'s -0s
clinkety-clink ^kligkati'kligk
clothe V kloiJ |clothes kloSz |clothed kloSd —
clinometer klai'namata^, kli-; ES -'namataCr,
Note that the 3 sg pres is not kloz, the usual
-'nom-
pron. of the noun clothes, which occurs far
cHnometric ^klaina'metrik |-al -1
oftener.
Clinton 'klintan
clothes n kloz, klotSz — kloz has been the culti-
Clio 'klaio
vated colloq. pron. for 200 yrs. Dr. Johnson
clip klip 1 clipped khpt |-per -a^; ES -3(r
says "always clo's," Sheridan {1780) &r
clique klik, klik
Walker {1791) give only kloz. Oxf. Diet.
Clitheroe 'klitJa^ro
calls it "vulgar or careless." Fowler {Mod.
clitoris 'klaitaris, 'klitaris |-es -iz
Eng. Usage) denies this and says kloz is the
Clitus 'klaitas |-'s -iz
usual pron. [in Engd]. Webster Jias cor-
Clive klaiv
rectly labeled kloz 'Colloq.' for some 70 yrs.
Cliveden 'klivdan
Tfie L. A. shoivs an overwhelming majority
cloaca klo'eka |-s -z |-acae -'esi
for kloz. Tlie verb clothes klotiz keeps its ?i
cloak klok |cloaked klokt; [NEngd+kVSk
from clothe klot$ b' clothed klotid. The
cloakroom 'klok^rum, -/rum
noun has no sg klotS.
cloche klo/ jcloches 'klojiz (Fr klbj")
clothesbasket 'kloz^baeskit, 'klotJz-; E+
clock klak; ES-i-klok; |-ed -t
-jbas-, -jbas-
clockwise Makjwaiz; ES-t-'klok-
clothesbrush 'kloz^biAj, 'kloSz- |-es -iz
clockwork 'kiak^wyk; ES 'klakjwsk, -jwyk,
clotheshorse 'kloz^hars, 'klotiz-; ES -^haas;
'klok-
|-S -IZ
clod klad; ES+klod; |-ded -id
clothesline 'klozjlam, 'klotJz-
clodhopper 'klad^hapa'; ES 'kladjhap3(r.
clothespin 'klozjpin, 'kloSz-
'klnd^hopaCr
clothespress 'klozjpres, 'kloSz- \-es -iz
clodpate %lad^pet; ES-^'klnd-; |-d -id
clothes-wringer 'kloz^riga', 'kloSz-; ES -jrig3(r
clodpoll, -pole Madjpol; ES+ Mod-
clothier 'klotSja-, -tJia^; ES 'kloSjaCr, -i-3(r
clog klag, king, kbg [ged -d
clothing 'klo^ig
cloisonne ^kbiza'ne {Fr klwaza'ne)
Clotho 'kloeo
cloister 'kbista^; ES -st3(r; |-ed -d |-ing
cloths 'pieces of cloth' klacJz, klntiz; 'kinds of
Maistarig, ^kbistrig |-tral -tral
cloth' kbes, kloes
|full ful |tooth tue Ifurther 'fySa'; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fauz [dish dif [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
cloture
cobra
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced uith n in E and S
cloture 'klotja^, -tjur; ES 'klot/aCr, -tJuaCr;
Cnossus 'nasas |-sus' -sas
l-d-d
Cnut ka'nut, -'niut, -'njut= Canute
cloud klaud |clouded ^klaudid
coach kotj |coaches 'kotjiz [coached kotjt
cloudburst 'klaud^byst; ES -^bsst, -jbyst
coach-and-four 'kotjan'for, -'far; ES -'foa(r,
cloud-capped 'klaud^kaept
E-^-'f3a(r
cloudland 'klaud jlsend
Coachella jkoa't/ela
cloudlet 'klaudbt
coachman 'kotjman |-men -man
clough kUf, klau
coact ko'aekt |-ed -id |-ction -kj"an j-ive -iv
Clough kUf , Irel klox
coadjutor ko'aedsata^, ^koa'dsuta^; ES -ta(r
clout klaut Iclouted 'klautid
coagulate ko'aegja Jet j-d -id |-lant -lant
clove 'spice' klov jcloved klovd
coagulation kojaegja'leXan, jkoaegja-
clove past of cleave klov
Coahoma jkoa'homa
Clovelly klo'vEli
Coahuila jkoa'wila
cloven 'klovan
coal kol 1 coaled kold
cloven-footed Movan'futid ('cloven-jfooted
coalesce jkoa'les 1-s -iz 1-d -t
'ox)
coalescence jkoa'lEsns 1-cy -i j-cent -snt
cloven-hoofed 'klovan'huft, -'huft
Coalinga jkoa'hrjga
clover 'klova^; ES 'klov3(r; |-ed -d
coalition ikoa'lijan ('coajUtion 'party)
clover-leaf adj 'klova^jlif ; ES 'klova-
coalless 'kollis
Clovis 'klovis |-'s -iz
coaming 'konug
clown klaun 1-ed -d |-age -ids 1-ery -an
coarse kors, kars; ES koas, E+kaas
cloy kbi 1-ed -d |-edness -idnis
coarse-grained 'kors'grend, 'kars-; ES 'koas-.
club kUb 1 clubbed kUbd
E-f-'kaas-
clubbable, clubable 'kUbabl
coarsen 'korsn, 'karsn; ES 'koasn, E+'kaasn;
clubfoot 'kUb'fut, -,fut
1-ed -d 1-ing -snirj, -snig
clubfooted 'kUb'futid ('clubifooted 'sophisms)
coast kost Icoasted 'kostid j-al -1 [-ally -li
clubland 'kUbjlaend
coastward 'kostwa^d; ES 'kostwad
clubman 'kUbman, -jmaen |-men -man,
coastways 'kost^wez 1-wise -jwaiz
-jm£n
coat kot Icoated 'kotid; \NEngd+\:6i (§46)
clubwoman 'kUb^wuman, -,wum- |-men
coati ko'ati
-jwinun, -an
coattail 'kot,tel |-ed -d
cluck kUk 1 clucked kUkt
coauthor ko'aOa^; ES -'a0a(r; [-ship -//ip
clue klu, kliu j-d -d
coax koks | coaxes 'koksiz | coaxed kokst;
clumber 'kUmba-; ES 'kUmbaCr
INEngd+k'Sks (§46)
clump kUmp | clumped kUmpt
coaxal ko'aeksl 1-xial -ksial 1-xially -ksiali
clumsy 'kUmzi |-sily -zali, -zili
cob kab |-bed -d
clung klAo
cobalt, C- 'kobalt
Cluniac 'klunijaek, 'khuni-
Cobbett 'kabit
Cluny 'kluni, 'kliuni {Fr kly'ni)
cobble 'kabl j-d -d |-ling 'kablig, -blig
cluster 'kksta-; ES -ta(r; j-ed -d |-ing
cobbler 'kabla^; ES 'kabla(r; |-y -i
'klAstriQ, 'kUstang
cobblestone 'kabljston
clutch kUtJ 1 clutches 'kUtJiz j-ed -t
Cobden 'kabdan
clutter 'klAta^; ES 'klAta(r; j-ed -d
Cobh kov
Clutton-Brock 'kktn'brak
Cobham 'kabam, 'kabm
Clyde klaid |-bank -^baegk |-sdale -Zjdel
Coblenz 'koblents l-'s -iz
Clymer 'klaima^; ES 'klaima(r
Cobleskill 'kobjz,kil, 'kobl.skil
Clytemnestra, -taem- jklaitam'nestra
Cobourg Can 'kobyg; ES 'kobsg, -byg
Cnidus 'naidas |-'s -iz
cobra 'kobra
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi jpity 'piti (§6) Irate ret lyet J£t jsang saeg |angr\- 'seg-gri
Ibath baeO; E baO (§10) lah a Ifar far |watch watj", wntj (§12) jjaw dsa |gorge gards jgo go
Coburg
89
coexecutQr
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with d in E and S
Coburg Germany 'kobyg; ES -bag, -byg; {Ger
cocksure 'kak'Jur; ES -lfua(r; ('cock-sure
K- 'ko:burk)
'plan)
Coburn 'kobs'n; ES 'koban; c/Cockbum
cockswain 'kaks^i, 'kak jS wen
cobweb 'kabjweb |-webbery -iWebari, -bri
cocktail 'kak^tel j-ed -d
coca 'koka
coco 'koko
cocaine, -ain ko^ken, 'koken |-ism -'kenizam
cocoa 'koko, 'koka
coccus 'kakas ] cocci 'koksai
coconut, cocoa- 'kokanat, 'koka^nAt
coccygeal kak^sidsial
cocoon ka'kun, ku'kun
coccyx 'kaksiks |-es -iz |coccyges kak'saidsiz
Cocos 'kokas
Cochin, c- 'kot/m, 'kat/in
cocotte ko'kat, ka- {Fr ka'kat)
Cochin China 'kotjin't/aina, 'katj-
cocytus, C- ko'saitas j-'s -iz
cochineal jkatja'nil ('cochijneal 'dye)
cod, C- kad [codded 'kadid
cochlea 'kaklia | cochleae 'kakhji
C.O.D. 'si.o'di
cochlear 'kaklia-; ES 'kakli'3(r
coda 'koda
Cochran, -e 'kakran
Coddington 'kadigtan
cock kak | cocked kakt
coddle 'kadi |-d -d |-ling 'kadbg, 'kadlig
cockade kak'ed |-aded -'edid
code kod [coded 'kodid
cock-a-doodle jkaka'dudl |-d -d
codefendant jkodi'fendant
cock-a-doodle-doo 'kakajdudl'du
codeine 'kodijin, 'kodin |-dein -dun
cock-a-hoop jkaka'hup, -'hup
codex 'kodsks |-es -iz |codices 'koda^siz.
Cockaigne ka'ken
'kad Tlw o in codices is by analogy with
cockalorum jkaka'loram, -'bram; S -'loram
the singidar. The lo7ig o of Latin becomes
cock-and-bull story 'kakan'buljStori, 'kakg-,
short in English, as in orator, prominent.
-jStari; S -jStori
solitude, nominal, etc.
cockatoo jkaka'tu ('cockaitoo 'orchis)
codfish 'kadjfij j-'s -iz
cockatrice 'kakatris |-s -iz
codger 'kadsa^; ES 'kadsaCr
cockboat 'kak^bot
codices 'koda,siz, 'kad- • — see codex
Cockburn 'koba^n; ES 'koban; cf Coburn
codicil 'kadasi, -jsil
cockchafer 'kak^tjefa^; ES -jt/efaCr
codify 'kadajfai, 'kod- |-fied -jfaid
cockcrow 'kakjkro
codling 'kadkg
cocker 'kaka^; ES 'kaka(r; j-ed -d |-ing
codpiece 'kad^pis [-pieces -jpisiz
'kakarig, 'kakrig
Cody 'kodi
cockerel 'kakaral, 'kakral
coed, co-ed 'ko'ed, 'koitd ('co^ed 'college)
Cockermouth 'kaka^maG, -jinauG; ES 'kaka-
coeducation jkoedsa'ke/an |-al -1 [-ally -k
cockeye 'kak^ai |-d -d
coefiicient jkoa'fijant, ^kci-
cockfight 'kakjfait
coeliac 'sikjtek
cockhorse 'kak 'bars; ES -'baas; |-s -iz (a
coempt ko'Empt |-ed -id j-ption -p/an
'cockjhorse 'air)
coenobite 'sEnajbait, 'sin-
cockle 'kakl |-d -d |-ling 'kakkg, 'kaklig
coequal ko'ikwal j-ed -d |-ly -i
cocklebur 'kakl^by; ES -ib3(r, -jbs^
coequality jko-i'kwalati, 'kwnl-
cockleshell 'kaklj/tl
coerce ko'ys; ES -'as, -'ys; |-s -iz |-d -t
cockloft 'kak^bft, -\nii
coercion ko'3j"an; ES -'a/an, -'sj'an |-cive
cockney, C- 'kakni |-ism -jizam
-SIV
cockpit 'kakjpit
coetemal jkci'ts^nl; ES -'tanl, -'tynl; j-ly -i
cockroach 'kak^rotj" j-es -iz
Coeur de Lion jkyda'lian, -'Uan; ES jks-,
cockscomb 'kaksjkom |-ed -d |-ry -n
ik3^-;(Frkoerda'ljo)
cockshot 'kakjat
coeval ko'ivl |-ly -i |-ity jko«i'vaebti
cockshut 'kakjAt
coexecutor ^ko-ig'zekjata'; ES -'z£kjata(r
Ifull ful Itooth tue [further 'fytS*; ES 'fstSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwari [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish AiS [vision 'vigan [Eden 'id^ [cradle 'kred) [keep 'em 'kipip
coexist
90
collateral
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with n in E and S
coexist jko-ig^zist |-ed -id j-ence -ans |-ent
coinsure ^kcin'/ur; ES -Jfuacr; |-d -d
-ant
coir kair; ES kaia(r
coextend ^ko'ik'stend |-ed -id |-tensive -nsiv
coistrel, -il ^kaistral
coffee, C- 'kafi, 'kofi, rmich less Jreq. 'kafi
coition ko'i/an
1 -house -jhaus |-pot -ipat — In coffee 3
coitus 'ko-itas
clearly prevails in all regions of US.
coke kok | coked kokt
coffer 'kafa^, 'kofa^; ES -f3(r; |-dam -jdaem
Coke kuk, kok
Coffey ville %3fi,vd, 'kofi-; S+-vl
colander 'kAlanda^, 'kal-; ES -da(r
cofi&n, C- 'kafin, 'kofm |-ed -d
Colbert A7n name 'kolba^t, 'kal-, 'kol-; ES
Coffman 'kafman, 'kof-, 'kaf-
-bat; Fr name kal'berr
cog kag, kog, lessfreq. kog |-ged -d
Colby 'kolbi
cogence 'kodsans l-cy -i j-gent -dsant
Colchester 'koljtjESta^ ; 'koltXista-; ES -ta(r
cogitable 'kadsitabl
colchicum, C- 'kalt/ikam
cogitate 'kadsa^tet |-d -id |-tive -iv
Colchis 'kalkis |-'s -iz
cogitation jkadsa'te/an
cold kold Icolded %oldid
cognac 'konjaek, 'kan- {Fr ka'jiak)
cold-blooded 'kold'hUdid, -jbkdid ('cold-
cognate 'kagnet
-blooded 'mahce)
cognition kag'mXan | cognitive 'kagnativ
cold-hearted 'kold'hartid; ES -'ha:tid, E+
cognizable 'kagnazabl |-bly -bli
-'ha:tid
cognizance 'kagnazans, 'kan- \-s -iz |-nt -nt
cold-shoulder v 'kold'/olda'; ES -'/olda(r;
cognomen kag'noman j-s -z |-nomina
|-ed -d 1-ing -Ifoldario. -Ifoldrig
-'namana
coldslaw 'kol/sla, 'kold-
cogwheel 'kagjhwil, 'kng-, lessfreq. 'kag-
Coldstream 'kold^strim
cohabit ko'haebit |-ed -id
cole kol
cohabitation jkohaeba'tejan
Coleman 'kolman
Cohasset ko'haesit
coleopterous jkoli'aptaras, jkak-
coheir ko'er, -'aer; E -'£a(r, ES -'aea(r; |-ess -is
Coleridge 'kolridg, not infreq. 'kolarids |-'s -iz
1 -esses -isiz
coleslaw 'kolisla
cohere ko'hir; ES ko'hia(r, S+-'hea(r
Colet 'kaht
coherence ko'hirans; S + -'h£r-; |-ent -ant
coleus, C- 'kohas |-es -iz
coherer ko'hira^; ES -'hira(r, S+-'hera(r
Coleville 'kolvil
cohesion ko'hisan |-hesive -'hisiv
colewort 'koljwyt; ES -^wst, -^wyt
Cohoes ko'hoz |-'s -iz
Colfax 'kolfieks |-'s -iz
cohort 'kohart; ES 'kohaat
colic 'kahk [cohcky 'kaliki
cohortative ko'hartativ; ES -%aat-
Colin 'kalin
coif kaif 1 coifed kaift
Coliseum jkala'siam
coiffeur kwafer; ES -'f3(r, -'fy; {Fr kwa-
colitis koHaitis
ifoe:r)
collaborate ka'laebaifet j-d -id [-tor -»; ES
coiffure kwa'fjur, -'fiur; ES -'£jua(r, -'fiua(r;
-a(r; j-tive -iv
(Fr kwa'fy:r)
collaboration ka^laeba 're/an
coign, -e kam
collage ka'las, ko- 1-gist -ist. {Fr ka'lars)
coil kail 1 coiled kaild
collapse ka'laeps |-s -iz j-d -t |-sible -abl
coin kam |-ed -d |-age -ids |-ages -idsiz
collapsibility kajlaepsa'bilati
coincide jko-in'said |-cided -'saidid
collar 'kala^; ES 'kala(r; |-ed -d
coincidence ko'msadans \-s -iz |-cy -i |-nt -nt
collarbone 'kala^'bon, -jbon; ES 'kala-
coincidental kojinsa'dcntl, jkcm- |-ly -i
collaret, -tte jkala'ret
coincidently ko'msadantli
collate ka'let, ka-, 'kalet |-d -id
coinsurance jko-in'/urans |-s -iz
collateral ka'laetaral |-ly -i
Key: See in full §§3-A7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jst |sang saeg [angry 'aeg-gri
|bath baeG; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) [jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
collation
91
comb
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with d in E and S
collation ka'lejan, ka-
colonnade ^kab'ned |-naded -'nedid
colleague n 'kalig
colony 'kabni
colleague v ka'lig, ka- |-leagued -'ligd
colophon 'kabjfan, -fan
collect n 'kalekt
color 'kAla^; ES 'kAb(r; j-ed -d
collect V ka'kkt |-ed -id
colorable 'kAbrabl |-bly -bh
collectanea jkalek 'tenia
Colorado ^kab'raedo, -'rado |-dan -dan — Ob-
collectibility, -ability kajektd'bilstl
servers disagree as to whether jkab'raedo or
collectible, -able ka'lektabl
-'rado prevails in the state. Tliere is little
collection ka'kkjan
doubt that in the US as a whole jkab'raedo
collective ka'Iektiv |-ism -jizam |-ist -ist
prevails.
collectivistic kaJektaVistik j-ally -li, -ikh
coloration jkAb 're/an
collector ka'lekta^; ES -'Isktacr; |-ship -Jip
coloratura jkAbra'tjura, ikal-, -'tiura, -'tura
colleen 'kalin, ka'lin
colorature 'kAbraitJur, 'kal-; ES -jtfua(r
college 'kalids j-s -iz
color-bearer 'kAla^jbera', -^baera^; E 'kAb-
college-bred 'kalids'bred ( 'college- jbred 'man)
ibera(r, ES -jbaera(r
collegian ka'lidsan, -dsian |-giate -dsiit, -dsit
color-blind 'kAb^bbind; ES 'kAb-
collet 'kaht |-ed -id
colorful 'kAWal; ES 'kAb-; |-ly -i
Colleton 'kabtn
colorimeter jkAb'rimata^; ES -'rimata{r
collide ka'laid |-lided -'laidid
colossal ka'lasl |-ly -i
collie 'kah
Colosseum jkab'sbm
collied 'kalid
Colossian ka 'la/an |-s -z
collier 'kalja^; ES 'kalJ3(r; j-y -i
colossus ka'lasas |-es -iz |-ssi -sai j-sus' -sas
collimiate 'kalajmet j-d -id j-tion jkab'mejsn
colporteur, -ter 'kal^porta', -iparta^; ES
CoUingwood 'kalig^wud
-ipoata(r, E+-jpaata(r; {Fr kalpar'toe:r)
Collins 'kalinz |-'s -iz
Colquhoun ka'hun
Collin wood 'kalin^wud
colt, C- kolt Icolted 'koltid; \NEngd+\:i\t
collision ka'hsan j-al -1
{§46)
collocate 'kalojket |-d -id |-tion ^kalo'ke/an
colter 'kolta^; ES 'kolta(r; |-ed -d
collodion ka'lodisn
Colton 'koltn
colloid 'kabid |-al ka'bidl
Colum 'kabm
collop 'kabp IcoUoped 'kabpt
Columb 'kabm
colloquial ka'lokwial |-ly -i j-ism -^izam
Columba ka'lAmba
colloquiality kajlokwi'aebti
Columbia ka'Umbia, -bja |-n -n
colloquy 'kabkwi
columbine, C- 'kabm^bain
coUude ks'lud, -'liud |-d -id
columbium ka'lAmbiam
collusion ka'lusan, -'liusan |-sive -siv
Columbus ka'bmbas |-'s -iz
Colman 'kolman
column 'kabm, humorous 'kaljam |-ed -d
Cologne, c- ka'lon {Ger Koln, C- koeln)
columnar ka'lAinna^; ES -'lAnma(r
Colombia ka'bmbia {Sp ko'bmbja) j-n -n
columniation 'columning' kajAmni'eJan
Colombo ka'lAmbo, ks'lambo
columnist 'kabmist, 'kabmnist
Colon ko'lan, -'Ion {Am Sp ko'lon)
Colusa ka'lusa, ka'husa
colon 'kobn
Colvin 'kolvin, 'kal-
colon coin ko'lon |-s -z |-es -es
coma 'stupor' 'koma 1-s -z
colonel 'kynl; ES 'ksnl, 'kynl; 1-ed -d j-cy -si
coma 'comet's head' 'koma [-ae -i
colonial ka'lonial |-ism -^izam
Comanche kc'raaent/i |-chean -tjian
colonist 'kabnist
comatose 'kamajtos, 'koma-
colonization jkabna'zeXan, -ai'z- j-ist -ist
comb kom | combed komd; \NEngd+ii6v\
colonize 'kab^naiz |-s -iz j-d -d
(§46)
|full ful Itooth tu6 Ifurther 'fytJa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail |how hau |toy tai
|using 'juzig jfuse fjuz, fiuz ]dish dif [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kred} [keep 'em 'kipm
comb
92
commit
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with n in E and S
comb 'valley' kum
commandment ka'msendmant, -'maenmant;
combat n 'kambaet, 'kAm-
E+-an-, -an-
combat v 'kambaet, 'kAm-, kam'beet |-tec
-id
commemorate ka'memajret |-rated -jretid
combatant 'kambatant, 'kAm-
commemoration kajmema'rejan
combative kam'baetiv, 'kambativ, 'kAm-
commence ka'mens |-s -iz |-d -t |-ment -mant
combe kum
commend ka'mend |-ed -id
comber 'koma^; ES 'komaCr
commendable ka'mendabl |-bly -bli
combination jkaraba'nejan
commendation jkaman'de/an, jkamen-
combinative 'kamba^netiv, kam'bamativ
commendatory ka'mendajton, -jtari; S -jtori
combine n 'kambain, kam'bam
commensurability kajmEnJara'bdati, -^men-
combine v kam'bain |-bined -'baind [-dly ■
idh
sara-
combings 'komigz
commensurable ka'men/arabl, -'mensara-
combust kam'bAst |-ed -id
I-bly ^bh
combustibility kamjbAsta'bibti
commensurate adj ka'mtnjarit, -'mensa-
combustible kam'bAstabl j-bly -bh
commensurate v ka'mEnJajret, -'mensa- j-d
combustion kam'bAstJan
-id
come n malting kom, kum
commensuration kajmEnJa'reJan, -^mensa-
come V kAm |came kem jcome kAm — i?t
nn-
comment n 'kament
stressed position often kam (kam'in!)
comment v 'kament, lessfreq. ka'ment j-ed -id
come-and-go 'kAman'go
commentary 'kaman^tEri
comedian ka'midian
commentator 'kaman^teta^; ES -,teta(r
comedienne ka^midi'sn {Fr kame'dJEn)
commerce n 'kama^s, -mys; ES 'kamas,
comedy 'kamadi
-mss, -mys
comely 'kAmli
commerce v ka'mys; ES -'mss, -'mys; |-s -iz
comestible ka'mestabl
l-d-t
comet 'kamit
commercial ka'my/al; ES -'ms/-, -'msj"-;
comfit 'kAmfit, 'kam-
|-ly -I |-ism -jizam
comfort 'kAmfa^t; ES -fat; |-ed -id
commercialization kajmy/ala'zejan, -ai'z-;
comfortable 'kAmfa^tabl; ES 'kAmfatabI
ES -jms/-, -jmsj-
comforter 'kAmfa^ta^, 'kAmfata^; ES -fata(
r; —
commercialize ka'myfal,aiz; ES -'ms/-,
'kAmfata' shows r-dissimilation {§121).
-'my/-; 1-s -iz |-d -d
comfry 'kAmfri
comminate 'kamajuet [-nated -^netid
comic 'kamik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
commination ,kama'nejan
Cominius ka'mmias, -njas j-'s -iz
commingle ka'miggl |-d -d
Comintern jkamm'tyn, 'kamin^tyn; ES
-3n,
comminute 'kama^njut, -^niut, -^nut |-d -id
-yn
comminution jkama'njujan, -'niu-, -'nu-
comitatus jkami'tetas
commiserable ka'mizarabl
comity 'kamati
commiserate ka'mizajtet ] -rated -jetid
comma 'kama |-ed -d
commiseration ka^miza 're/an
command ka'maend; ES-i--'mand, -'mand;
commiserative ka'miza^retiv
l-ed -id
commissar jkama'sar; ES -'sa:(r, E-i--'sa:(r
conomandant jkaman'daent, -'dant
commissariat /kama'sEriat, -'saer-, -'ser-
commandeer jkaman'dir; ES -'dia(r.
s+
commissarj^ 'kama, sen
-'deaCr; |-ed -d
commission ka'mijan |-ed -d
commander jka'maenda^; ES -da(r.
E +
commissionaire kajmijan'sr, -'aer; E -'sad.
-'mand-, -'mand-
ES -'aea(r
commander in chief ka'maendarin'tjif;
E+
commissioner ka'mi/ana', -'mi/na^; ES -na(r
-'mand-, -'mand-
commit ka'mit |-ted -id |-tal -\
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet I sang saeg |angr}' 'asg-gn
Ibath baed; E baO (§10) [ah a |far far |watch wat/, wo^f (§12) |jaw dsa Igorge gards |go go
committee
93
complexion
Those ivords below in whicli the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with n in E and S
committee ka'miti |-d -d [-man -man, -^maen
|-men -man, -^men
commix ka'miks, ka- j-es -iz |-ed -t
commixture ka'nukstJV, ka-; ES -'nukstJaCr
commode ka'mod
commodious kaWodiss
commodity kaWadati
commodore 'kamajdor, -jdar; ES -jdoa(r, E+
-jdaa(r
common 'kaman |-ed -d |-ness 'kamannis
commonage 'kamanids j-s -iz
commonality ,kaman^aelati
commonalty 'kamanalti
commonplace 'kaman^ples j-s -iz
common-sense adj 'kaman 'ssns ('common-
'sense jway)
commonweal 'kaman^wil
commonwealth 'kaman^welO, 'kaman'wslO
commotion ka 'mo/an
communal 'kamjunj, kaWjunl, -'mm- j-ism
-jizam |-ist -ist |-ly -i
commune n 'kamjun, -miun
commune v ka'mjun, -'miun |-d -d
communicability kajmjunika'bilati, -^miun-
communicable ka'mjunikabi, -'nuun- |-bly
-bh
communicant ka'mjunikant, -'miun-
communicate ka'mjuna^ket, -'miun- j-d -id
communication kajmjuna'ke/an, -^miun-
communicative ka'mjunajketiv, -'miun-
communion ka'mjunjan, -'miun-
communique kajmjuna'ke, -jmmn-
communism 'kamju^nizam |-ist -nist
communistic jkamju'nistik |-al -1 |-ally -li,
-ikh
community ka'mjunati, -'miun-
communize 'kamju^naiz |-s -iz |-d -d
commutable ka'mjutabi, -'miut-
commutate 'kamju^tet j-d -id |-ter -3^; ES -a(r
commutation jkamju'te/an
commute ka'mjut, -'miut |-d -id |-r -a^; ES
-3(r
Como 'komo
compact adj kam'paekt ('com^pact 'mass)
compact n 'kampaekt
compact V kam'paekt |-ed -id
companion kam'paenjan |-ed -d |-ship -i/ip
companionable kam'paenjanabl |bly -bli
companionate adj kam'paenjanit
companionway kam'paenjanjwe
company 'kAmpani, 'kAmpni |-nied -nid
comparability ^kampara'bilati
comparable 'kamparabl, -prabl |-bly -bh
comparative kam'paerativ
compare kam'per, -'paer; E -'pEa(r, ES
-'paea(r
Coniparetti ^kampa'reti {It jkompa'retti)
comparison kam'paerasn
compartment kam'partmant; ES -'pa:t-, E+
-'pa:t-
compass 'kAmpas |-es -iz |-ed -t
compassion kam'p«J"an j-ed -d |-ate -it
compatibility kam,paeta'bilati
compatible kam'paetabl |-bly -bli
compatriot kam'petnat, less freq. -'paet-
compeer kam'pir, 'kampir; ES -ia(r, S4--ea(r
compel kam'pel [-led -d
compellable kam'pelabl |-bly -bli
compend 'kampend |-ious kam'pendias
compendium kam'pendiam \-s -z |-dia -dia
compensable kam'pensabj
compensate 'kampan^set, -pen-, kam'penset
l-d -id
compensation jkampan'sejan, -pen-
compensative 'kampanjsetiv, kam'pensativ
compensatory kam'pensajtori, -jtari; S -jtori
compete kam'pit |-peted -'pitid
competence 'kampatans |-s -iz j-cy -i j-nt -nt
competition jkampa'tijan
competitive kam'petativ |-tor -ta^; ES -ta(r
compilation jkampl'e/an, -pi'le/an
compile kam'pail | -piled -'paild
complacence kam'plesns j-cy -i |-cent -snt
complain kam'plen |-ed -d |-ant -ant |-t -t
complaisance kam'plezns, 'kamplijzaens |-sant
-znt, -jzaent
complement n 'kamplamant
complement v 'kampla^ment |-ed -id
complemental jkampla'mentl |-ly -i
complementary jkampla'mEntari, -'mentri
complete kam'plit |-d -id |-tion -'pli/an
complex n 'kampleks \-es -iz
complex adj kam'pkks, 'kampleks ('comiplex
'act)
complex V kam'pleks |-es -iz j-ed -t
complexion, -plection kara'plek/an 1-ed -d
|full ful |tooth tuG Ifurther 'fySa^; ES 'fstia [custom 'kAstam [while hwail |how hau |toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
complexity
concessionaire
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with d in E and S
complexity kara'pleksati
compliance kam'plaians |-cy -i 1-ant -ant
complicate adj 'kamplakit
complicate v 'kampla^ket j-cated -^ketid
complication jkampb'kejan
compKce 'kamplis j-s -iz
complicity ksm'plissti
compliment n 'kamplamant
compliment 'kamplajment |-ed -id
complimentary jkamplaWentari, -'mentn
complin 'kampbn j-pline -plin, -plain
comply kam'plai |-plied -'plaid
component kam'ponant j-ed -id
comport kam'port, -'part; ES -'poat, E+
-'p33t; |-ed -id
compose kam'poz |-s -iz |-d -d j-dly -idli
composite kam'pazit |-d -id |-tor -a^; ES -3(r
compos mentis 'kampas'mentis
compost 'kampost |-ed -id, -psstid
composure kam'posa^; ES -'po33(r
compote 'kampot [-poted -potid
compound n 'kampaund
compound adj kam'paund ('comjpound
'word)
compound v kam'paund, kam- |-ed -id
comprehend ,kampri'hend |-ed -id |-ible -abl
comprehensibility jkampri ^hensa 'bilati
comprehensible jkampri'hEnsabl j-bly -bli
comprehension jkampri'henj'an j-sive -siv
compress n 'kampres |-es -iz
compress v kam'pr£s |-es -iz j-ed -t |-edly
-idb, -'presth
compressibility kanijpresa'bilati
compressible kam'presabl |-bly -bli
compression kara'prejan |-sive -'presiv j-sor
-'presa^; ES -a(r
comprise, -ze kam'praiz |-s -iz |-d -d
compromise 'kampra,niaiz j-s -iz |-d -d
comptometer, C-kamp'tamata*^; ES -'tamata(r
Compton 'kamptan, 'kAmptan
comptroller kan'trola^; ES -la(r; j-ship -yjip
compulsion kam'pAlJan |-sive -siv |-sory -sari
compunction kain'pAokJ"an |-tious -/as
compurgation ^kampy'ge/an, -pa^-; ES -p3-,
-py-, -pa-
computablHty kam;pjuta'bilati, -jpiut-
computable kam'pjutabl, -'piut-, 'kampjuta-
l-bly -bli
computation jkampja'te/an, -pjc-
compute kam'pjut, -'piut |-d -id
comrade 'kamraed, 'kAm-, -nd
Comstock 'kAmstak, -stok, -stak
Comte kant {Fr kot)
Comus 'komas |-'s -iz
con 'against^ kan
con 'study kan | conned kand
con amore jkana'mon, -'man; S -'mon; {It
jkona'mo:re)
Conan 'kanan, 'konan
Conant 'konant
conation ko'ttejan |-al -1 [-tive 'kanativ
concatenate kan'k£etn,et, kan- |-d -id
concatenation jkankaetn'e/an, kan^kaetn-
concave n 'kankev, 'kag-
concave adj kan'kev, kan- ('coujcave 'surface)
concave v kan'kev, kan- |-d -d | -cavity
-'kaevati
concavo-concave kan'kevokan'kev
concavo-convex kan'kevokan'vEks
conceal kan'sil |-ed -d |-edly -idb
concede kan'sid |-ceded -'sidid
conceit kan'sit |-ed -id
conceivability kanjsiva'bilati
conceivable kan'sivabl |-bly -bli
conceive kan'siv |-ceived -'sivd
concentrate 'kansrijtret, -sen- |-d -id
concentration jkansn'trejan, -ssn-
concentric kan'sentrik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
Concepcion kanjsepsi'on {Am Sp kon-
sep'sjon)
concept 'kansept |-ption, C- kan'sepjan
conceptual kan'sept/ual, -tjul |-ly -i
concern kan'ss'n; ES -'san, -'syn; |-ed -d
|-edly -idb
concert n 'kansyt, -sa't; ES -sst, -ss't, -sat
concert v kan'syt; ES -'sst, -'syt; |-ed -id
concertina jkansa^'tina; ES ^konsa-
concertmaster 'kansa^t^maesta^; ES 'kansat-
]maesta(r, E + -jmas-, -^mas-
concertmeister 'kansa^t^maista^; ES 'kansat-
^maista(r; {Ger Konzert- kan'tsertiinaistar)
concerto kan't/Erto; ES -'t/eato; {It kon-
'tjerto)
concession kan'sejan
concessionaire kanjse/an'er, -'aer; E -'£a(r,
ES -'aea(r
Key: See in full §§3~47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret |yet jet Isang saeg langrj^ 'aeg-gri
ibath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wat/, wotj" (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
concessionary
95
confederation
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with d in E and S
concessionary kan'ss/aiijEn
concessive kan'sesiv
conch kagk, kngk |-ed -t
Concho 'kantjo |Conchos 'kant/os |-s's -siz
conchology kag'kabdsi, kng- |-gist -dsist
concierge jkansi'ers; ES -'e35; {Fr ko'sjers)
concihable kan'siliabl
conciliate kan'silijct j-ated -^etid
concihation kanjsili'ejan
conciliatory ksn'siliSjtori, -jtDri; S -jtori
concise kan'sais |-cision kan'sissn
conclave 'kanklev, 'kag-
conclude kan'klud, -'khud |-d -id
conclusion kan'klusan, -'kliusan |-sive -siv
concoct kan'kakt, kan- |-ed -id |-ction -k/an
concomitance kan'kamatans, kan- j-cy -i
I -ant -ant
concord 'kankard, -'kag-; ES -kaad
Concord Mass, NH ^kagka^d; ES 'kagkad;
elsewftere in US, towns &" grape 'kankord;
ES 'kankaad
concordance kan'kardns, kan-; ES -'kaad-;
|-s -iz |-d -t |-dant -dnt
concordat kan'kardaet; ES -'kaadtet
Concordia kan'kardia; ES -'kaadia
concourse 'kankors, 'kag-, -kars; ES -koas,
E+-kDas; |-s -iz
concrete adj kan'krit, 'kankrit, much lessfreq.
kag-, 'kag- ('conjcrete 'act)
concrete n 'kankrit, kan'krit, much less freq.
'kag-, kag-
concrete v 'congeal' kan'krit; 'cement' 'kankrit,
kan'krit |-d -id — see n
concretion kan'krijan — see n
concubinage kan'kjubanids, -'kiub-
concubine 'kagkjujbain, 'kan-
concupiscence kan'kjupasns, -'kiu- |-cent
-snt
concur kan'ks^; ES -'k3(r, -'ky; j-red -d
concurrence kan'kyans; ES -'ksr-, -'kAr-,
-'ky-; |-cy -i |-ent -ant
concussion kan'kA/an |-sive -siv
condemn kan'dem |-ed -d |-ing -ig
condemnable 'subject to condemnation' kan-
'demabl, 'fit to be condemned' kan'demnabj
l-bly -bii
condemnation jkandEm'ne/an, -dam-
condemnatory kan'dEinnajtori, -jtari; S -jtori
condensability kanjdensa'bilati
condensable kan'densabl
condensate kan'denset
condensation ^kanden'se/an
condense kan'dens |-s -iz |-d -t |-dly -idli
condescend jkandi'send |-ed -id
condescendence jkandi'sendans |-dent -dant
condescension jkandi'sen/an
condign kan'dain ('con^dign 'censure)
condiment 'kandamant
condition kan'dijan |-ed -d |-ing -J"anig, -J"nig
conditional kan'difanl, -/nal |-ly -i
condole kan'dol |-d -d
condolence kan'dolans, 'kandalans |-s -iz
condominium ^kanda'miniam
condone kan'don [-d -d |-nation jkando'ne/an
condor 'kanda^; ES 'kanda(r
condottiere It jkondot'tje:re
conduce kan'djus, -'dius |-s -iz \-d -t |-cive -iv
conduct n 'kandAkt
conduct V kan'dAkt |-ed -id
conductance kan'dAktans \-s -iz
conductibility kan^dAkta'bilati
conductible kan'dAktabl
conduction kan'dAk/an j-tive -tiv
conductivity jkandAk'tivati
conductor kan'dAkta^; ES -'dAkta(r
conduit 'kandit, 'kanduit
cone kon | coned kond
Conejos ka'neas, -'nehas, -'nehos \-'s -iz
(Am Sp ko'nehos)
Conemaugh 'kana^ma
conenose 'kon^noz |-s -iz
Conestoga jkana'stoga
coney 'koni, 'kAiu — see cony
Coney 'koni
confab 'kanfaeb
confabulate kan'faebjajet |-lated -^letid
confabulation kanjfaebja'le/an
confect n 'kanfekt
confect V kan'fekt j-ed -id |-ction -k/an
confectionary kan'fek/anjen
confectioner kan'fek/ana^, -k/na^; ES -n3(r
confectionery kan'fEkJanjEri
confederacy, C- kan'fedarasi, -'fedrasi
confederate, C- n, adj kan'fedarit, -'fedrit
confederate v kan'fEda^ret |-d -id j-tive -iv
confederation kanjfEda'reJ"an
[full ful |tooth tue Ifurther 'fytSa'; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
confer
96
conjugal
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with d in E atid S
confer kan'fy; ES -'f3(r, -'fy; j-red -d
conferee jkanfaVi
conference 'kanfarans |-s -iz
confess kan'fes |-es -iz |-ed -t |-edly -idli
Confessio Amantis kan^feXijO a'maentis
confession kan'fE/an |-al -1 |-ary -jcri
confessor kan'fesa^; ES -'fesaCr
confetti kan'feti (7/ kon'fetti)
confidant, -nte ;kanf a 'daent, ^kanfa^daent
confide kan'f aid |-fided -'faidid
confidence 'kanfadans |-s -iz |-dent -dant
confidential jkanfa'den/al |-ly -i
configuration kan/figja're/an |-al -j |-ally -h
confine n 'kanfain
confine v kan^fain |-d -d j-dly -idli
confirm kan'fa^m; ES -'fsm, -'fym; |-ed -d
|-edly -idli |-atory -ajtori, -a^tari; S -a,tori
confirmation jkanfa^'me/an; ES jkanfa-
confirmative kan'fymativ; ES -'fsm-, -'fym-
confiscate 'kanfis^ket, kan'fisket |-d -id
confiscation jkanfis'ke/an
confiscatory kan'fiska,tori, -jtari; S -jtori
confiture 'kanfijt/ur; ES -/tXua(r
conflagrate 'kanfla^gret | -grated -jgretid
conflagration ,kanf la 'gre/an
conflate kan'flet |-d -id |-tion -'fle/an
conflict n 'kanflikt
conflict V kan'flikt |-ed -id |-ction -kjan
confluence 'kanfluans, -fliu- |-s -iz |-ent -ant
conflux 'kanfUks |-es -iz
conform kan'farm; ES -'faam; |-ed -d
conformable kan'farmabl; ES -'faam-; |-bl}'
-bli
conformance kan'farmans; ES -'faam-; |-s -iz
conformation jkanfar'mejan; ES -faa-
conformist kan'farmist; ES -'faam-
conformity kan'farmati; ES -'faam-
confound kan'faund, kan-; 'damn' 'kan'faund
|-ed -id
confrere 'kanfrer; ES -fr£a(r
confront kan'frAnt |-ed -id
Confucian kan'fjujan, -'fiu- |-ism -jizam
Confucius kan'fju/as, -'fiu- |-'s -iz
confuse kan'fjuz, -'fiuz |-s -iz |-d -d [-dly
-idh. -dh
confusion kan'fjusan, -^fiujan
confutation jkanfju'te/an, -fiu-
confutative kan'fjutativ, -'fiu-
confute kan'fjut, -'fiut |-d -id
Congaree jkagga'ri
conge 'kanse {Fr ko'se)
congeal kan'dsil |-ed -d
congee 'kand3i
congener 'kandsina^; ES -na(r
congenial kan'dsinjal |-ly -i
congeniality kan^dsini'selati, -jdsinji'aelati;
-idsin'jailati
congenital kan'dsEnatl |-ly -i
conger, C- 'kagga^; ES 'kagga(r
congeries kan'dsiriz, -'dsiri^iz
congest kan'dsest |-ed -id |-ive -iv [-stion
-st/an
conglobate kan'globet, 'kagglojbet
conglomerate n, adj kan'glamarit; -'glamnt
conglomerate v kan'glamajtet | -rated -^retid
conglomeration kan jglama 're/an
Congo 'kaggo
congratulate kan'graet/ajet |-lated -jletid
congratulation kanjgraetJa'IeXan
congratulatory kan'graetjalajton, -jtari; S
-jtori
congregate 'kaggri^get [-gated -igetid
congregation jkaggri'gefan |-al -1, -/nal |-ally
-li, -/nail
Congregational jkaggri'ge/anl, -/nal [-ism
-jizam |-ist -ist
congress 'kaggras, -is |-es iz |-ed -t
congressional kan'gre/anl, -Jnal |-ly -i
congressman 'kaggrasman |-men -man
congresswoman 'kaggras^wuman, -jwu- |-men
-jwimin, -an
Congreve 'kangriv, ^kag-
congruence 'kaggruans, 'kan^gruans, -jgriu-
|-s -IZ |-cy -I |-ent -ant
congruity kan'gruati, -'griu-
congruous 'kaggruas
conic 'kanik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikh
conifer 'konafa^, 'kan-; ES -fa(r
coniferous ko'nifaras
Coningsby 'kAnigzbi
Coniston 'kanistan
conjectural kan'dsekt/aral [-ly -i
conjecture kan'dsekt/a'; ES -tja(r; |-d -d
|-ring -'dsekt/arig, -'dsskt/rig
conjoin kan'dsain [-ed -d |-edly -idli |-t -t
conjugal 'kandgugl |-ty -i
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gn
|bath baeO; E bae (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wat/, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
conjugality
97
consociate
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with d in E and S
conjugality ^kandsu'gaebti
conjugate n, adj 'hands ugit, -iget
conjugate v 'kandsa^get | -gated -igetid
conjugation jkand33'geXan
conjunct ksn'dsAgkt ('con^junct Verb)
conjunction kan'dsAgkJan |-tive -tiv
conjunctiva jkandsAgk'taiva
conjunctivitis kanjdsAgktaVaitis
conjuncture kan'dsAgkt/a^ ; ES -tJaCr; |-ral -al
conjuration jkandsu'rejan
conjure 'jtiggle' 'kAndsa^, 'kan-; ES -d33(r;
l-d-d
conjure 'implore' kan'dsur, -'dsiur; ES -3(r;
l-d-d
conjurer, -or 'juggler' 'kAndsara*, 'kan-; ES
-r3(r
conjurer, -or 'petitioner' kan'dsura^, -'dsiu-;
ES -r3(r
conjuror 'coswearer' kan'dsura', -'dsiu-; ES
-r3(r
Conkling 'kagklig
Connacht 'kanaxt, -nat
Connaught 'kanot
Conneaut 'kani pt
connect ka'nekt |-ed -id [-ible, -able -abl
Connecticut ka'netikat — Tlie Brit pron.
ka'nEktikat, based on the current erroneous
spelling, has fio Am currency.
connection, -nexion ka'nEk/an |-ctive -ktiv
Connelly 'kanli
conning 'kanig
conniption ka'nipXan
connivance ka'naivans |-s -iz [-cy -i |-ant -ant
connive ka'naiv |-nived -'naivd |-vent -ant
connoisseur ^kana'sy; ES -'s3(r, -'sy; (Fr
connaisseur kane'soeir)
connotation jkana'te/an
connotative 'kanajtetiv, ka'notativ
connote ka'not | -noted -'notid
connubial ka'nubial, -'niub-, -'njub- |-ly -i
conoid 'konaid
conquer 'kagka^, 'kogka^, 'kagka^; ES -ka(r;
|-ed -d |-ing -karig, -krig |-or -a^; ES -a(r
conquest 'kankwEst, 'kag-
conquistador kan'kwistajdar; ES -^daaCr
Conrad, -e 'kanrsed
Conroe 'kanro
consanguine kan'saeggwin
consanguineous (kansaeg'gwinias |-nity -nati
conscience 'kan/ans |-s -iz
conscientious ikan/i 'En/as, /kansi-
conscionable 'kan/anabl |-bly -bh
conscious 'kan/as
conscribe kan'skraib |-scribed -'skraibd
conscript n, adj 'kanskript
conscript v kan'skript |-ed -id |-ption -p/an
consecrate 'kansijkret [-crated -jkretid
consecration jkansi^kre/an
consecutive kan'sEkjativ
consensus kan'sEnsas |-suses -sasiz
consent kan'sEnt |-ed -id ]-ient -'sEn/ant
consequence 'kansa^kwEns |-s -iz |-quent
-jkwEnt
consequential jkansa'kwEnJal |-ly -i
consequentiality ^kansa ^kwEn/i 'aelati
conservable kan'syvabl; ES -'s3v-, -'ss^v-
conservancy kan'syvansi; ES -'s3v-, -'syv-
conservation jkansa^Vefan; ES ^kansa-
conservatism kan'ss^va/tizam; ES -'ssv-,
-'ss'v-
conservative kan's^vativ; ES -'ssv-, -'syv-
conservatoire kan^syva'twar; ES -jssva-
'twa:(r, -jS3^va'twa:(r; (Fr kos£rva'twa:r)
conservator 'preserver' 'kansa^jveta^, kan-
'syvata^, bank officer kan'ss^vata^; ES
'kansajveta(r, kan's3vata(r, kan'syvata(r
conservatory kan'ss^va^tori, -jtan; ES kan-
's3vajtori, -'ss'v-, E+-jtari
conserve n 'kans3"v, kan's^v; ES -3V, -yv
conserve v kan'syv; ES -'s3v, -'syv; |-d -d
Conshohocken jkanja'hakan
consider kan'sida^; ES -'sida(r; [-ed -d |-ing
-'sidarig, -'sidrig
considerable kan'sidarabl, -'sidrabi |-bly -bii
considerate kan'sidarit, -'sidrit
consideration kan^sidaVe/an
consign kan'sain |-ed -d
consignee jkansai'ni, -si'ni
consigner kan'saina^; ES -'saina(r
consignment kan'sainmant
consignor kan'saina^; ES -'saina(r; (^con-
sign'ee & jconsign'or)
consist kan'sist |-ed -id
consistence kan'sistans |-cy -i |-ent -ant
consistory kan'sistari, -'sistri
consociate n, adj kan'so/iit, -JiiCt
|full ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fy'Sa^; ES 'f3'Sa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision Visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
consociate
98
contemporaneous
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with n in E and S
consociate v kan'so/i^et |-ated -jctid
consociation kanjsosi'efan, -jSo/i-
consol 'kansal, kan'sal |-s -z
consolable kan'sobbl |-bly -bh
consolation jkansa'le/an
consolatory kan'salajton, -jtari; S -jton
console n 'kansol
console v kan'sol |-soled -'sold
consolidate kan'sala^det |-dated -,detid
consolidation kan^sala'de/an
consomme jkansa'me
consonance 'kansanans |-cy -i |-ant -ant
consonantal jkansa'naentl |-ly -i
consonantly 'kansananth
consort n 'kansart; ES -saat
consort v kan'sart; ES -'saat; |-ed -id
consortium kan'sar/iam; ES -'saa/-; |-ia -la
conspectus kan'spektas |-es -iz
conspicuous kan'spikjuas
conspirator kan'spirata^ ; ES -ta(r; |-acy -asi
conspiratorial kan^spira 'tonal, -'tar-; S -'tor-;
|-ly_-i
conspire kan'spanr; ES -'spaia(r; |-d -d
conspirer kan'spaira^; ES -'spaira(r
constable 'kanstabi, 'kAn T}ie sp. pron. is
now more freq. than the traditional one; see
next.
Constable 'kAnstabl
constabulary kan'staebja Jen
Constance 'kanstans |-'s -iz
constancy 'kanstansi |-tant -tant
Constantine 'kanstan^tain, -jtin
Constantinople jkanstaenta'nopl, -staentn'opj
constellation jkansta'lejan
consternate 'kansta^^net; ES 'kansta-; |-d -id
consternation jkansta^'ne/an; ES jkonsta-
constipate 'kansta^pet |-pated -jpetid
constipation /kansta 'pejan
constituency kan'stit/uansi |-ent -ant
constitute 'kansta,tjut, -jtiut, -jtut |-d -id
constitution jkansta'tju/an, -'tin-, -'tu- |-al -j
l-aUy -h
constitutionality jkanstajtjujan'aelati, -jtiu-,
-,tu-
constitutive 'kansta^tjutiv, -jtiu-, -fu-
constrain kan'stren |-ed -d |-edly -idb |-t -t
constrict kan'strikt |-ed -id |-or -a^; ES -a(r
constriction kan'strik/an |-tive -tiv
construable kan'stniabl, -'stnu-
construct adj kan'strAkt ('con^struct 'state)
construct n 'kanstrAkt
construct v kan'strAkt |-ed -id
construction kan'stTAktJan [-al -1 |-ally -li
|-tive -tiv
construe kan'stni, -'stnu |-d -d — in Shak.
conster 'kansta^
consubstantial (konsab'staenjal |-ly -i
consubstantiality jktmsabjstaenji'aelati
consubstantiate jkansab'staenjijet |-ed -id
consubstantiation jkansabjstaenji'ejan
consuetude 'kcmswi^tjud, -^tiud, -jtud
consuetudinary ^ktmswi'tjudnjen, -'tiud-,
-'tud-
consul 'kansl ]-ship -^/ip
consular 'konsla^, 'kansjala^; ES -a(r
consulate 'kanslit, 'kansjalit
consult n 'kansAlt, kan'sAlt
consult V kan'sAlt |-ed -id |-ant -nt
consultation jkansl'te/an
consultative kan'sAltativ
consultatory kan'sAlta^tori, -jtari; S -jtori
consultory kan'sAltan
consumable kan'sumabl, -'sium-, -'sjum-
consume kan'sum, -'sium, '-sjum |-d -d
l-dly-idli
consumer kan'suma^, -'siuma', -'sjuma'; ES
-a(r
consummate adj kan'sAmit
consummate v 'kansajinet |-mated -^metid
consummation jkansa 'me/an
consumption kan'sAmpJan |-tive -tiv
contact 'kantaekt |-ed -id
contagion kan'tedsan j-gious -dsas
contain kan'ten |-ed -d
contaminate kan'tasma^net |-nated -^netid
contamination kanjtaema'ne/an
contemn kan'tem |-ed -d |-edly -nidli
contemnible kan'temnabl |-bly -bli
contemner kan'tema^; ES -'temaCr
contemnor kan'temna^; ES -'temnaCr
contemplable kan'templabl
contemplate 'kantam^plet, kan'templet 1-d -id
contemplation jkantam'ple/an
contemplative 'kantanijpletiv, kan'templativ
contemporaneity kan jtempara 'niati
contemporaneous kan^tEmpa'tenias
Key: See in full §§3~47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeo |angr>^ 'aeg-gri
[bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far | watch watj", wotj" (§12) |jaw dsa ] gorge gards |go go
contemporary
99
contuse
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with D in E and S
contemporary kan'tempajreri
contempt kan'tempt
contemptible ksn^temptdbl |-bly -bli
contemptuous kan'temptjuas
contend kan'tsnd |-ed -id
content n 'satisfaction^ kan'tent, 'what is con-
tained' 'kontent, kan'tent
content adj, v kan'tEnt |-ed -id
contention kan'tEn/an |-al -1 ]-tious -Jas
conterminous kan'tymanas; ES -'tam-,
-'tym-
contest n 'kantEst
contest V kan'test |-ed -id [-ant -ant
context 'kantEkst
contextual kan'tEkstJual, kan- |-ly -i
contexture kan'tEkst/a^, kan-; ES -'tEkstXa(r
contiguity jkanti'gjuati, -'giu-
contiguous kan'tigjuas
continence 'kantanans |-cy -i |-nent -nant
continental jkanta'nEntl j-ly -i
contingence kan'tindsans |-cy -i |-gent -dsant
continual kan'tinjual |-ly -i
continuance kan'tinjuans |-s -iz |-ant -ant
continuation kan^tinju'eXan
continue kan 'tin ju |-d -d |-dly -judh
continuity ^kanta'nuati, -'niu-, -'nju-
continuous kan'tinjuas |-nuum -njuam [-nua
-njua
contort kan 'tart; ES -'taat; |-ed -id
contortion kan'tar/an; ES -'taa/an
contour 'kantur; ES -tua(r; |-ed -d
contra 'kantra
contraband 'kantra jbaend |-age -ids |-ist -ist
contrabandism 'kantrabaendjizam
contrabass 'kantra^bes |-es -iz
contraception jkantra'sEpJan |-tive -tiv
contraclockwise /kantra 'klakjwaiz
contract n 'kantraekt
contract v 'shrink' kan'traekt, 'make a con-
tract' +\antTxiit |-ed -id
contractible kan'traektabl |-bly -bb
contractile kan'traektl, -til
contractility jkantraek'tilati
contraction kan'traekjan |-tive -tiv
contractor 'kantraekta^, kan'traekta^ ; ES -ta(r
contractual kan'traektjual |-ly -i
contradict jkantra'dikt |-ed -id
contradiction jkantra'dik/an |-tory -tan, -tri
contradistinction ^kantradi'stigk/an |-tive
-tiv
contraindication ^kantra jinda 'ke/an
contralto kan'traelto
contraposition jkantrapa'zifan
contraption kan'traepjan
contrapuntal /kantra'pAntI ]-ly -i
contrariety jkantra'raiati
contrarily 'kantiErah, esp. if emph. kan-
'trerali, -'trer-
contrarious kan'ttErias, -'trer-
contrariwise 'kantrErijwaiz
contrary 'opposite' 'kantreri; 'perverse'
'kantren, kan'trEri, -'treri
contrast n 'kontraest
contrast v kan'traest [-ed -id
contravene jkantra'vin |-vened -'vind
contravention ^kantra'vEn/an
contredanse Fr kotra'dars
contretemps Fr kotra'ta
contribute kan'tribjut [-d -bjatid
contribution jkantra'bjujan, -'biu/an
contributor kan'tnbjata^; ES -ta(r
contributory kan'tribjajtori, -]tori; S -^tori
contrite 'kontrait, kan'trait ('con^trite 'heart,
'hearts con'trite)
contrition kan'trijan
contrivance kan'traivans |-s -iz [-cy -i
contrive kan'traiv |-d -d
control kan'trol | -trolled -'trold
controllable kan'trolabl |-bly -bh
controller kan'trola^; ES -'trola(r; |-ship -Jip
controversial ;kantra'v3j"al, -sial; ES -'v3-,
-'va^-; |-ly -i
controversy 'kantra jvs^si; ES -jvasi, -^vysi
controvert 'kantra^vyt, jkontra'vyt; ES -st,
-s't; |-ed -id
controvertible /kantra'vs'tabl; ES -'v3t-,
-'yyt-; acc/+'controjvertible |-bly -bh
contumacious jkantju'inejas, ^kantu-
contumacy 'kantjumasi, 'kantu-
contumehous /kantju'milias, jkantu-
contumely 'kantjumah, 'kantu-, -jinih,
kan'tjumab, -'tiu-, -'tu- ■ — Only a book-
word. Formerly 'kantjujinili, as in Chap-
man and probably Shak. Hood has kan-
'tjumili {rime gloomily).
contuse kan'tjuz, -'tiuz, -'tuz j-s -iz \-d -d
|full ful |tooth tu9 [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau |toy tai
lusing 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
contusion
100
copal
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with D in E and S
contusion kan'tjujan, -'tius-, -'tu3-
conundrum ka'nAndram
convalesce jkanvs'les |-s -iz |-d -t
convalescence jkanva'ksns j-cy -i |-scent -snt
convection kanVekJan |-al -1
convenance 'kanva^nans |-s -iz {Fr kov'na:s)
convene kanVin |-vened -Vind
convenience kanVinjans |-s -iz |-ient -jant
convent 'kanvent
conventical kanVentikl |-ly -i
conventicle kanVentikl |-d -d
convention kanVenJan |-al -1, -/nal |-ally -li,
-/nail
conventionalism kanVen/anljizam, -/nal-
|-ist -ist
conventionality kanjVEn/an'aslati
conventionalize kanVenJanljaiz, -Jnal- j-s -iz
l-d -d
conventual kanVentJual j-ly -i
converge kanVyds; ES -Vads, -Vs^ds; |-s -iz
l-d-d
convergence kanVydsans; ES -Vsds-,
-Vyds-; |-cy -i |-gent -dsant
conversance 'kanva^sns, kanVs^sns; ES -vas-,
-'v3s-, -Vys-; |-cy -i |-sant -snt
conversation jkanva^'sejan; ES ^kanva-; |-al
-1 I -ally -h
conversationalist jkanva^'sejanlist, -/nal-;
ES jkanva-
converse n 'kanvys; ES -V3S, -vys; |-s -iz
converse adj kanVys; ES -Vss, -Vys;
('con^verse Hvind)
converse v kan'v^s; ES -Vss, -Vys; j-s -iz
l-d-t
conversion kan'v3/an, -3an; ES -Vs-, -Vy-
convert n 'kanvyt; ES -vst, -v^t
convert v kan'vyt; ES -Vst, -Vyt; |-ed -id
convertibility kanjvyta'bilati; ES -iVst-,
-jvyt-
convertible kanV^tabl; ES -Vst-, -Vyt-;
l-bly -bk
convex adj kanVsks, kan- ('con/vex 'surface)
convex n, v 'kanveks |-es -iz |-ed -t, v+
kanVeks
convexity kanVeksati
convey kanVe |-ed -d |-ance -ans |-ances
-ansiz
convict n 'kanvikt
convict V kan'vikt |-ed -id |-ction -k/an
convince kanVins |-s -iz |-d -t j-dly -idli
convivial kanVivial |-ly -i
conviviality kan^vivi'selati
convocation jkanva'ke/an ]-al -I |-ally -li
convoke kanVok |-voked -Vokt
convolute 'kanva Jut, -^liut |-d -id
convolution jkanva'lujan, -'hujan, -vl'jujan
convolvulus, C- kanValvjalas |-es -iz [-li -jlai
convoy n 'kanvai
convoy v kanVai |-ed -d
convulse kanVAls |-s -iz j-d -t |-dly -idli
convulsion kanVAl/an j-sive -siv
Conway 'ktinwe
Conwell 'kanwel
cony 'koni, 'kAiu — When the word was popu-
lar, it was pron. 'kAiu; since it became a
book-word, sp. pron. has prevailed.
conycatcher 'koni^kaetJV, 'kAni-; ES -jkaet/aCr
coo ku I cooed kud
cook kuk Icooked kukt |-ery -an, -n |-y, -ie -i
cool kul I cooled kuld
Cooley 'kuli
cool-headed 'kul'hEdid ('cool-jheaded 'move)
Coolidge 'kulids [-'s -iz
coolie, -ly 'kuli
coolly 'kuli, 'kulli
coomb; coombe, coom 'valley' kum
coon kun ]cooned kund
co-op ko'ap, 'kojop
coop kup, kup; S kup, kup; |-ed -t
cooper, C- 'kupa^, 'kupa^; E -pa(r; S 'kupa(r,
'kup-; |-ed -d |-ing -pang, -prig
co-operate adj ko'aparit, -'aprit
co-operate v ko'apajret |-rated -^retid
co-operation ko,apa'reJan, jkoapa-
co-operative ko'apajtetiv, -'aprativ
Cooperstown 'kupa^z^taun, 'kup-; E -paz-; S
'kupaz-, 'kup-
co-opt ko'apt |-opted -'aptid
co-ordinate, n, adj ko'ardnit, -^et; ES -'aad-
co-ordinate v ko'ardnjet; ES -'aad-; |-d -id
co-ordination koprdn'e/an; ES -jDadn'e/an
co-ordinative ko'ardn,etiv; ES -'aadnjctiv
Coos NH ko'as, 'koas; Oreg kus
coot kut Icooted 'kutid
cop kap I copped kapt
copal 'kopl, 'kopael
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret lyet jet jsang saeg [angr}- 'jeg-gn
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) jah a |far far |watch watj, wntj (§12) Ijaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
coparcenary
101
cormorant
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with o in E and S
coparcenary ko'parsnj£n; ES -'pa:s-, E+
-Va:s-
coparcener ko'pcrsna'; ES -Va:sn3(r, E +
-'pa:s-
copartner ko'partna'; ES -'pa:tn3(r, E+
-Va:t-
cope kop [coped kept
copeck, -pec 'kopek
Copeland 'koplsnd
Copenhagen jkopan'hegan {Dan jkopn'haun)
Copernicus ko'ps^nikas; ES -'pan-, -'pyn-;
|-'s -iz |-can -kan
copestone 'kopjSton
Cophetua ko'letjua
Copiah ks'pais, ko-
copier 'kapia'; ES %api'3(r
coping 'kopio
copious 'kopias
Coplay 'kapli [Copley 'kapli
copper 'kapa^; ES 'kap3(r; [-ed -d (-ing
'kaparig, 'kaprig
copperas 'kaparas, 'kapras
Copperfield 'kapa^jfild; ES 'kapa-
copperhead, C- 'kapa'jhed; ES 'kapa-
copperplate 'engraving' 'kapa^jplet; ES 'kapa-
copperplate 'engrave' 'kapa'jplet; ES 'kapa-;
l-d -id
copper-plate 'plate with copper' 'kapa^'plet; ES
'kapa-; [-d -id ('copper- jplated 'medal)
coppersmith 'kapa^jsmiO; ES 'kapa-; [-ths -6s
coppice 'kapis |-s -iz [-d -t
copra 'kapra
copse kaps [copses 'kapsiz jcopsed kapst
Copt kapt I Coptic 'kaptik
copula 'kapjala
copulate adj 'kapjalit
copulate V 'kapjajlet [-lated - jetid
copulation jkapja'lejan |-tive 'kapjajletiv
copy 'kapi [copied 'kapid [-pyist -ist
copybook 'kapi^buk
copyhold 'kapijhold
copyright 'kapi^rait [-ed -id
coquet ko'ket [-quetted -'ketid
coquetry 'kokitri, ko'kEtri
coquette ko'ket [-quetted -'kstid
Coquille ko'kil
Cora 'kora, 'kara; S 'kora
coracle 'karakl, 'kar-, 'kor-
coral 'karal, 'kar-, 'kor-, 'kor- [-ed -d
Coran ko'ran, -'raen
CoraopoHs jkori'aplis, -plis, jkora'-'ap-,
jkar-; S ^kor-
corbel 'karbl; ES 'kaabl; |-ed -d
corbie 'karbi; ES 'kaabi
Corcoran 'karkaran; ES 'kaakaran
cord kard; ES kaad; [-ed -id [-age -ids
Cordelia kar'dilja; ES kaa'dilja
Cordell kar 'del; ES kaa'del ('Cor, dell 'Hull)
cordial 'kardsal; ES 'kaads-; Brit -dial |-ly -i
cordiality kar'dsaelati ; ES ka-; Brit -di'ael-
cordillera, C- kar'dilara, jkardil'jera; ES ka-,
jkaa-; (Am Sp ^karSi'jera)
cordite 'kardait
Cordoba 'kardova; ES 'kaa-; {Sp 'kartJo^a)
cordoba 'kardaba; ES 'kaa-
cordon 'kardn; ES 'kaadn; [-ed -d
Cordova 'kardava; ES 'kaa-; [-n -n — some
US places Cor'dova
corduroy ^karda'rai; ES jkaada-; ('cordu^roy
'road)
cordwain 'kardwen; ES 'kaad-; [-er -»; ES
-a(r
cordwood 'kard^wud; ES 'kaad-
core kor, kar; ES koa(r, E+kaa(r; |-d -d
Corea ko'ria |-n -n
corelation ^koTi'le/an
coreligionist ^koTi'lidsanist
corella ka'rela
Corelli ka'reli
coreopsis jkori'apsis, jkari-; S ^kon-
corespondent jkcn'spandant
Corfu 'karf ju, -fiu, kar'fu; ES 'kaa-, kaa-
Corgi 'kargi; ES 'kaagi
coriander jkori'aenda^, ,kari-; ES ,kori'aenda(r,
E+jkari-
Corin 'karin, 'kar-, 'kor-
Corinna ka'rina
Corinth 'karinG, 'kar-, 'kor- [-ian ka'rinGian
Coriolanus jkaria'lenas, ,kar-, jknr- |-'s -iz
Corioles ka'raiajliz, -liz [-'s -iz [-li -,lai
cork, C- kark; ES kaak; [-ed -t
corival ko'raivl, ka-
corkscrew 'kark,skru, -jskriu; ES 'kaak-
Corliss 'karlis; ES 'kaahs; |-'s -iz
corm karm; ES kaam
cormorant 'karmarant; ES 'kaam-
[full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytSa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
102
corrugate
corn korn; ES koan; |-ed -d |-cake -^kek |-cob
-jkab; ES+'ikob
cornea 'karma; ES 'kaania
Corneille kar'ne; ES koa'ne {Fr kb'r'ne:j)
cornel 'karnl, -nel; ES 'kaan-
Cornelia kar'nilja, ka^-; ES kaa'nllja, ka-
cornelian ^carnelian' kar'niljan, ka^-; ES kaa-,
ka-
Cornelius kar'niljas, ks'-; ES kaa-, ka-; [-'s -iz
Cornell kar'nel; ES kaa'nel; ('Cor^nell 'cap)
corneous 'kariuas; ES 'kaanias
corner 'karna^; ES 'kaana(r; ]-ed -d — A dis-
similated pron. 'kana^ is sometimes heard
(§121).
cornerstone 'karna^^ston; ES 'kaana-
cornerways 'karna^^wez; ES 'kaana-; |-\vise
-jwaiz
cornet 'karmt, kar'nst, musical instr. kar'ntt;
ES 'kaa-, kaa-
cornettist, -netist kar'n£tist; ES kaa-
corn-flour 'karn^flaur; ES 'kaanjflaua(r
cornflower 'karn^flaua^; ES 'kaanjflau-a(r
cornice 'karnis; ES 'kaanis; |-s -iz |-d -t
Cornish 'karnij; ES 'kaanij; |-man, -men
-man
cornstarch 'karn^startX, -'start/; ES 'kaan-
,sta:t/, -'start/, E+-a:t/
cornucopia jkarna'kopia; ES jkaana-; |-n -n
Cornwall 'karnwal, -wal; ES 'kaan-
Cornwallis karn'wahs, -'wnl-, -'wal-; ES
kaan-; |-'s -iz
corody 'karadi, 'kar-, 'kor-
corolla ka'rala; ES+-'rDla
corollary 'kara,kri, 'kar-, 'kor-, Brit ka-
'rolari
corona, C- ka'rona |-s -z |-nae -ni
coronach 'karanax, 'kar-, 'kor-
coronal n 'karanl, 'kar-, 'kor-
coronal adj ka'ronl, 'karanl, 'kar-, 'kor-
l-ly-i
coronary 'karajneri, 'kar-, 'kor-
coronation ^kara'ne/an, jkar-, jkor-
coroner 'karana^, 'kar-, 'kor-; ES -na(r
coronet 'karamt, 'kar-, 'kor- |-ed -id, -^netid
Corot ka'ro
corporal 'karparal, 'karpral; ES 'kaap-; |-ly-i
corporality jkarpa'raelati; ES jkaap-
corporate adj 'karpant, 'karprit; ES 'kaap-
corporate v 'karpa^ret; ES 'kaap-; |-d -id
corporation jkarpa 're/an; ES jkaap-
corporeal kar'porial, -'par-; ES ka'ponal, E+
-'panal; |-ly -i
corporeity jkarpa'riati; ES ,kaap-
corposant 'karpa^zaent; ES 'kaap-
corps kor, kar; ES koa(r, E+kaa(r; \pl -ps -z
corpse karps; ES kaaps; |-s -iz
corpulence 'karpjalans; ES 'kaap-; |-cy -i
|-nt -nt
corpus 'karpas; ES 'kaap-; j-es -iz |-pora -para
Corpus Christi 'karpas'knsti; ES 'kaap-;
Church +-tai
corpuscular kar'pAskjala^; ES ka'pAskjalaCr
corpuscle 'karpasl, 'karpxvsl; ES 'kaap-
corpus delicti 'karpasdi'hktai; ES 'kaap-
corral ka'rael [-led -d
correct ka'rekt j-ed -id
correction ka'rek/an |-tive -tiv
correctitude ka'rekta^tjud, -jtiud, -^tud
corrector ka'rekta^; ES -'rektaCr
Corregidor ka'r£gajdar; ES -^daaCr; {Am Sp
ka^rrEhi'Sar)
correlate 'kara,let, 'kar-, 'kor- |-d -id
correlation jkara'le/an, jkar-, jknr-
correlative ka'iElativ j-vity kajrsla'tivati
correspond ^kara'spand, jkar-, jknr-; ES+
-'spond; |-ed -id |-ence -ans |-ent -ant
corridor 'karada^, 'kar-, 'kor-, geog. + -jdar;
ES -da(r, -jdaa(r; |-ed -d
corrie 'kari, 'kari, 'kori
Corrigan 'karagan, 'kar-, 'kor-
corrigendum ^kari'dsendam, ^kar-, ^kor- |-da
-da
corrigibility jkarad3a'bilati, ^kar-, jknr-
corrigible 'karadsabl, 'kar-, 'kor- |-bly -bli
corrival ka'raivl
corrobboree, -ri n ka'rabari; ES-h-'rob-
corroborant ka'rabarant; ES+-'rDb-
corroborate adj ka'rabarit; ES+-'rDb-
corroborate v ka'raba^ret; ES+-'rDb-; |-d -id
|-tive -tiv
corroboration ka,raba're/an; ES+-jrDb-
corroboratory ka'rabarajtori, -jtari; S -itori
corroboree, -ri n ka'rabari; ES+-'rDb-
corroboree v ka'rabajri |-d -d
corrode ka'rod |-roded -'rodid
corrosion ka'ro3an |-sive -siv
corrugate adj 'karagit, 'karja-, 'kar-, 'kor-,
-iget
Key; See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet J£t |sang saeg langrj- 'aeg-gri
|bath baeG; E baO (§10) [ah a |far far |watch wat/, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
corrugate
103
cotemporary
Those words below in which the a sound is spe,
corrugate v 'karajget, 'korja-, 'kar-, 'kor-
l-d -id
corrugation jkara'ge/an, jk3rJ3-, ikar-, jkor-
corrupt ka'rApt j-ed -id 1-ption -pjan
corruptibility kajtApta'bilati
corruptible ka'rAptabl |-bly -bh
Corry 'kori, 'kari, 'kori
corsage kor'sas; ES kaa'sas; [-s -iz
corsair 'karser, -saer; E 'kD3se3(r, ES -sae3(r
corse kars; ES koas; |-s -iz
corselet ^ armor' 'k3rslit; ES 'kaos-; 'under-
garment' jkarsl'et; ES jkaas-
corset 'korsit; ES 'kaasit; |-ed -id
Corsica 'korsika; ES 'koasika; |-n -n
Corsicana jkorsi'kaena; ES jkaas-
corslet 'karslit; ES 'kaaslit
Corson 'korsn; ES 'koasn
cortege kar'tes, -hzy, ES kaa-; {Fr karHsrs)
Cortes Sp b' Pg legist, 'kortiz; ES 'koat-;
{Sp 'kartes, Pg 'kartej)
Cortes, -ez Sp soldier 'kartEz; ES 'koatez;
{Sp kar'tes) |-'s -iz
cortex 'karteks; ES 'kaa-; |-es -iz |-tices
-tijsiz
cortez kar'tes; ES kaa; |-es -iz
cortical 'kortikl; ES 'kaa-; |-ly -i
corticate adj 'kartikit, -jket; ES 'kaa-;
|-cated -jketid
Cortland 'kortland, ^kort-; ES 'koat-, E+
'kaat-
corundum ka'rAndam
coruscant ka'rAskant
coruscate 'karasjket, 'kar-, 'kor- [-d -id
coruscation jkaras'ke/an, jkar-, ^kor-
Corvallis kar'vaehs; ES kaa-; |-'s -iz
corvee kar've; ES koa've; {Fr kiir've)
corvette, -vet kar'vet; ES kaaVet
Corybant 'karajb^ent, 'kar-, 'kar- |-s -s |-es
jkara'b^entiz |-ic jkara'baentik
Corydon 'karadn, 'kar-, 'kor-, -jdan, -jdon
Coryell jkori'2l, ^kar-; S jkor-
corymb 'karimb, 'kar-, 'kor-, -im
coryphaeus ^kara'fias, ^kar-, jkor- |-es -iz
|-phaei -'fiai
coryphee jkara'fe, ^kara'fe, jknra'fe |-s -z
{Fr kari'fe)
coryza ka'raiza
cose 'kos' kos
// o are often pronounced with d in E and S
cose 'coze' koz | coses 'koziz | cosed kozd
cosecant ko'sikant, -kaent
cosey 'cozy' 'kozi
Cosgrave 'kazgrev, 'knz-
Coshocton ka'/oktan
cosie 'cozy' 'kozi
cosignatory ko'signajtori, -jtari; S -jton
cosine 'kosam
Cos lettuce 'kasjktis, 'kos-, -as
cosmetic kaz'mEtik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
cosmic 'kozmik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
cosmogony kaz'magani, -'mng-
cosmographic jkazma'graefik |-al -1 |-ally -li,
-ikli
cosmography kaz'magrafi, -'mng-
cosmology kaz'maladgi
cosm.opolitan jkazma'palatn |-ism -,izam
cosmopolitanize jkozma'palatrijaiz |-s -iz j-d -d
cosmopolite kaz'mapa,Iait
cosmos 'kazmas, -mas |-es -iz
Cossack 'kasaek, 'kos-, -ak
cosset 'kasit, 'kosit |-ed -id
cost kast, kost
costa 'kasta |-tae -ti |-tal -tl |-tally -tli
costard, C- 'kasta^d; ES 'kastad
Costa Rica 'kasta'rika, 'kns-, 'kas-, 'kos-
|-n -n
costermonger 'kasta' jmAgga^, 'kos-; ES
-tajmAog3(r
costive 'kastiv, 'kos-
costly 'kastli, 'kost-
costmary 'kastjineri, 'kost-, -jmaeri; S
-jmaeri, -jmen
costrel 'kastral, 'kos-
costume n 'kastjum, 'kos-, -tium, -turn
costume v kas'tjum, kos-, -'tium, -'turn ]-d -d
l-r-a'; ES -a(r
costumier kas'tjumia'; -'tium-, -'turn-; ES
-i-a(r; {Fr kasty'mjc)
cosy 'cozy' 'kozi
cot kat Icotted 'katid — see cote
cotangent ko'taendgant
cotangential jkotaen'dsenjal
cote kot — cot b' cote are distinct, hut related,
words in the oldest English, hut Imve become
confused in spelling.
cotemporaneous kojtempa'reiuas, 'kotempa-
cotemporary ko't£mpajreri
|full ful [tooth tue [further 'fySa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
cote n ant
104
countermine
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with o in E and S
cotenant ko'tenant |-ancy -ansi
count kaunt [counted 'kauntid
coterie 'kotari
countenance 'kauntanans |-s -iz |-d -t
coterminous ko'tymanas; ES -Hsm-, -Hym-
counter 'kaunta^; ES 'kaunta(r; |-ed -d
cothumus ko'Oynas; ES -'Bsn-, -'Os^n-;
counteraccusation jka unta^ jaekj u 'zejan
|-ni -nai
counteract jkaunta^'aekt |-ed -id
cotidal ko'taidj
counteraction jkaunta^'aek/an (^action &
cotillion, -Hon ko'tiljan
'counter ^action)
Cotopaxi jkota'paeksi {Am Sp jkoto'pa-hi)
counterattack n 'kauntarajtaek
Cotsvvold 'katswold, -wald |-s -z
counterattack v jkauntara'taek |-ed -t
cottage 'katid3 1-s -iz 1-d -d
counterattraction ,kauntara 'traekjan
cotter, -ar 'kata^; ES 'kat3(r
counterbalance n 'kaunta^^baelans; ES -ta-;
Cotterell 'kataral, 'katral
|-S -IZ
cottier 'katia^; ES 'kati'3(r
counterbalance v ^kaunta'baelans; ES -ta-;
cotton, C- 'katn |-ed -d
1-s -IZ |-d -t
Cottonian ka'tonian
counterblast 'kaunta^^blaest; ES -ta-, E+
cottonmouth 'katn^mauO [-ths -tJz
-jblast, -jblast
cottonseed 'katn^sid
counterchange v jkaunta^'tjendg; ES -ta-; |-s
cottontail 'katrijtel
-IZ |-d -d
Cottonwood 'katrijwud
countercharge n 'kaunta^jt/ords; ES
Cottrell 'katral
'kauntajt/a:d3, E+-;tXa:d3; |-s -iz
cotyledon ^katridn j-ous -'idnas, -^tdnas
countercharge v ^kaunt^'t/ards; ES
couch kautj [couches 'kaut/iz |couched
jkaunta'tjaids, E+-'tXa:d3; |-s -iz |-d -d
kautjt
■countercheck n 'kaunta-^tjEk; ES 'kaunta-
Couch kautJ, kutj" |-'s -iz
counterclaim n 'kaunta^jklem; ES 'kaunta-
couchant 'kaut/ant
counterclaim v jkaunta^'klem; ES jkaunta-;
Coudersport 'kauda^z^port; ES 'kaudaz^poat.
l-ed -d
E+-jpD3t
counterclockwise jkaunta^'klakjwaiz; ES
Coue ku'e
jkaunta'klak-
Coues kauz |-'s -iz
counterdemonstiation jkaunta^jdEman'strefan ;
cougar 'kuga^; ES ^kug3(r
ES jkaunta-
cough kaf, kof |-ed -t
counterespionage jkaunt3''£spianid3, -a'spai-
Coughlin Raglan, 'kng-
amd3
could stressed 'kud, jkud; unstr. kad
counterfeit 'kaunta^fit; ES 'kaunta-; [-ed
couldest 'kudist
-jfitid
couldn't 'kudnt, before some conss. + \vAn
counterfoil 'kaunta^jfail; ES 'kaunta-
('kudn'se)— r/ze pron. 'kudant is substand-
counterirritant jkaunta^'iratant
ard.
counterjumper 'kaunta'jdsAmpa'; ES 'kaunta-
couldst stressed 'kudst, jkudst; unstr. kadst
jd3Ampa(r
coulee 'kuli {Fr coulee kuUe)
countermand n 'kaunta^^maend; ES 'kaunta-.
coulomb, C- ku'lam, -'Inm
E+-jmand, -^mond
coulter, C- 'kolta^; ES 'kolta(r; j-ed -d
countermand v ^kaunta-'maend; ES ^kaunta-.
Coulton 'koltn
E+-'mand, -'mand; |-ed -id ('counter-
council 'kaunsl
jmand 'orders)
Council Bluffs 'kaunsVbUfs
countermarch n 'kaunta^^martj; ES 'kaunta-
councilman 'kaunslman |-men -man
jma:tX, E-i--jma:tX; |-es -iz
councilor, -llor 'kaunsja^, -sla^; ES -a(r
countermarch v jkaunta-'martj; ES jkaunta-
counsel 'kaunsj |-ed -d |-ing 'kaunshg, -shg
'mart/, E+-'ma:tX; |-es -iz |-ed -t
counselor, -llor 'kaunsl*, -sla^; ES -a(r
coimtermine n 'kaunta^jniam; ES 'kaunta-
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret Ij'et jet |sang saeg |angr}- 'aeg-gri
|bath baeG; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watj, wotj (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gard3 [go go
countermine
105
court-martial
countermine v ^kaunta^'main; ES jkaunta-;
l-d-d
countermove ^kaunta^^muv; ES 'kaunta-
counteroffensive (kauntara'fEnsiv (offensive
& 'counterofifensive)
counterpane 'kaunta^jpen; ES 'kaunta-;
l-d-d
counterpart 'kaunta^^part; ES 'kaunt3ipa:t,
E+-jpa:t
counterplot n, v 'kaunta^jplat; ES 'kaunta-
jplat, -jplot; I -ted -id
counterpoint 'kaunta^^point; ES 'kaunta-
counterpoise n, v 'kaunta^^poiz ; ES 'kaunta-;
|-s -iz |-d -d
counterproposal 'kaunta'prajpozl; ES 'kaunta-
counterreformation /kaunt3'jr£f3''mejan; ES
jkauntajrgfa'meXan
counterrevolution jkaunta^jreva'lu/an, -'hu/an,
-jrEvrjufan; ES jkaunta-; j-ary -jsri
counterscarp 'kaunta^jskarp; ES 'kaunto-
jska:p, E-t--jska:p
countershaft 'kaunta'jjaeft; ES 'kaunta-, E-i-
- Jaft, - Jaft
countersign n 'kaunta^jsain; ES 'kaunta-
countersign v 'kaunta^^sain, jkaunta^'sain; ES
-ta-; |-ed -d
countersignature ^kaunta^'signatja'; ES
^kaunta'signatja(r; ('signature & 'counter-
jsignature)
countersink n 'kaunta^^sigk; ES 'kaunta-
countersink v 'kaunta^jsigk, jkaunta^'sigk; ES
-ta-; |-sunk -jSAgk, -'sAgk
counterstatement 'kaunta^jstetmant; ES
'kaunta-
counterstroke 'kaunta^jStrok; ES 'kaunta-
countersuggestion 'kaunta'sagjdsestj'an, -sa-
jdsestjan; ES 'kaunta-
counterthrust 'kaunta^jGrAst; ES 'kaunta-
countervail jkaunta^'vel; ES jkaunta-; |-ed -d
counterweigh jkaunta^'we; ES jkaunta-; |-ed
-d
counterweight 'kaunta^jwet; ES 'kaunta-
counterwork 7t 'kaunta^jwyk; ES 'kaunta-
jwsk, -jW3^k
counterwork v jkaunta^V^k; ES ^kaunta-
Vsk, -Vyk
countess 'kauntis ]-es -iz
countinghouse 'kauntig^haus j-ses -ziz
country 'kAntri |-trified, -tryf- 'kAntrijfaid
country-bred 'kAntri'bred ('country-jbred
'man)
country-dance 'kAntri'daens, -jdaens; E+
-ans, -ans; [-s -iz
countryfolk 'kAntri^fok
countryman 'kAntnman |-men -man
countryseat 'kAntrijsit, -'sit
countryside %AntrijSaid ('whole 'country-
'side)
country-style 'kAntri^stail, -'stail
country-wide 'kAntri'waid
countrywoman 'kAntri^wuman, ^wu- |-women
-jwrnun, -an
county 'kaunti
coup 'upset', 'drink' kop, kup j-ed -t
coup 'stroke' ku
coup de grace Fr kuda'gra:s
coup de main Fr kuda'ma;
coup d'etat 'kude'ta {Fr kude'ta)
coupe 'carriage' ku'pe; 'auto' kup, less frcq.
ku'pe
couple 'kApl |-d -d |-hng 'kAplig, 'kAplig
coupler 'kApla^; ES 'kApla(r
couplet 'kAplit
coupling n 'kAphg
coupon 'kupan, 'kju-, 'kiu-, -pnn
courage 'kyids; ES 'karids, 'kAr-, 'ky-; |-d -d
courageous ka'redsas
courante ku'rant {Fr ku'ra)
courier 'kuna, 'k3<^ia^; ES 'kuri-a(r, 'ksr-,
'kAt-, 'ka^-
course kors, kars, esp. in 'of course' kurs; ES
koas, kuas, E-i-kaas |-s -iz |-d -t
courser 'korsa^, 'kar-; ES 'koasa(r, E+'kaa-
court kort, kart; ES koat, E-i-kaat; |-ed -id
courteous 'kytias; ES 'kstias, 'kyt-
courtesan, -zan 'kortazn, 'kart-, 'kyt-; ES
'koat-, 'kst-, 'kyt-, E+'kaat-
courtesy 'politeness' 'kytasi; ES 'kstasi, 'kyt-
courtesy 'curtsy' ks^tsi; ES 'kstsi, 'k^t-; [-ied
-d
Courthope 'kortap, 'kart-, -ihop; ES 'koat-,
E+'kaat-
courthouse 'kort^haus, 'kart-; ES 'koat-, E-i-
'kaat-; |-ses -ziz
courtier 'kortia^, 'kart-, -tja^; ES 'koati'a(r,
-tjaCr, E+'kaat-
courtly 'kortli, 'kart-; ES 'koat-, E+'kaat-
court-martial 'kort'marjal, 'kart-; ES 'koat-
|full ful I tooth tue [further 'fySa-; ES 'faSa [custom |kAStam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipip
court- plaster
106
cradle
'mai/al, E+'koat-, -'marjal; |-ed -d
-ing
cowherd 'kau^hyd; ES -jhsd, -,hyd
-/alio, -Jlio
cowhide 'kau,haid |-d -id
court-plaster 'kort,plaest3', 'kart-; ES 'koat-
cowl, C- kaul |-ed -d
jplaesta(r, E+'koat-, -iplas-, -;plas-
Cowley 'kauli
courtroom 'kortjrum, 'kart-, -jrum;
ES
cowlick 'kau, Ilk
'koat-, E+'kaat-
cowHng, C- 'kaulig
courtship 'kort/ip, 'kart-; ES ^koat-.
E+
co-worker ko'ws'ka^; ES -VakaCr, -VykaCr
'kaat-
cowpea 'kau, pi
courtyard 'kort/jard, 'kart-; ES 'koatj
a:d.
Cowpens SC 'kau,penz, Zoc.+'kApinz
E+'kaat-, -ja:d
Cowper 'kupa', 'kaupa^; ES -pa(r; — the same
cousin 'kAzn |-ed -d |-ing %Aznig, 'kAznig
■word as Cooper, 'kaupa' being a spelling
cousin-german 'kAzn'dsyman; ES -^ds
3m-,
pronunciation.
-Msym-; \pl cousins- 'kAznz-
cowpox 'kau,paks; ES+-,pDks
Cousins 'kAznz |-'s -iz
cowpuncher 'kaUjpAnt/a'; ES -jpAnt/aCr
couth ku8
cowrie, -ry 'kaun
couturier Fr kuty Vje \fcm -riere -^rJ£:r
cowskin 'kau,skm
Couzens 'kAznz |-'s -iz
cowslip 'kaujsbp — c/oxlip
cove kov [coved kovd
cox kaks; ES+koks; |-es -iz
covenant, C- 'kAvanant, 'kAvnant J-ed -i
1
coxcomb 'kaks,koin; ES+'koks-; |-ry -ri
covenanter, -or 'kAvananta', 'kAvn-; ES
-ta(r
coxcombic kaks'kamik, -'kom-; ES+-'kDm-;
Covenanter 'kAvajnaenta^, ^kAva'naenta^;
ES
l-al -1 l-ally -li, -ikli
-ta(r
coxswain 'kaksn, 'kak,swen; ES-i-'kok-
Covent 'kAvant, 'kav-; ES+'kov-
coy kai |coyed kaid
Coventry 'kavantri, 'kAv-; ES+'kov-;
-ied
coyote kai'ot, kai'oti, 'kaiot
-d — Both 0(0) and A appear to he historical.
COZ kAZ
cover 'kAva'; ES 'kAva(r; |-ed -d
-ing
coze koz ] cozes 'koziz ] cozed kozd
'kAvarii), 'kAvrig
cozen 'kAzn |-ed -d |-ing 'kAznig, 'kAznig
coverage 'kAvarids, 'kAvridj |-s -iz
cozenage 'kAznidg, 'kAznids
Coverdale 'kAva'idel; ES 'kAva-
cozy 'kozi
covering n 'kAvrig
Cozzens 'kAznz |-'s -iz
coverlet 'kAva^lit; ES 'kAva-
crab kraeb [crabbed kraebd
Coverley 'kAva^h; ES 'kAva-
Crabbe kraeb
coverlid 'kAva^^bd; ES 'kAva-
crabbed adj 'kraebid |-ly -li
covert 'kAva^t; ES 'kAvat
crabby 'kra^bi
coverture 'kAva^t/a'; ES 'kAvat/aCr
crack kraek [cracked kraekt
covet 'kAvit |-ed -id |-ous -as
crackajack 'kraeka,d3aek
covey 'kAvi |-ed -d
crackbrain 'kraek ,br en
covin 'kAvin
crackbrained 'kraek'brend ('crack,brained
Covina koVina
'wits)
Covington 'kAvigtan
cracker 'kraeka^; ES 'kraeka(r
cow kau |cowed kaud
crackerjack 'kraeka^jdsaek; ES 'kraeka-
coward, C- 'kaua^d; ES 'kau-ad; [-ice -is
crackle 'kraekl |-d -d [ling 'kraekkg, -klig-
cowbell 'kau, be!
crackling n 'kraekhg
cowbird 'kaujbyd; ES -jbad, -jbyd
cracknel 'kraeknl
cowboy 'kau^bai
cracksman 'kraeksman [-men -man
cowcatcher 'kaujkaetja', -jkttJV; ES -tja(r
crack-up 'kraek,Ap
cower 'kaua^; ES 'kau'a(r; |-ed -d
-ing
Cracow 'kreko, 'kraekau {see Krakow)
'kauarig, 'kaurig
Craddock 'kraedak
Cowes kauz |-'s -iz
cradle 'kredl [d -d [-ling 'kredlig, 'kredbg
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi jpity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg [angn,- 'aeg-gri
[bath bae6; E baO (§10) jah a [far far [watch wat/, wot/ (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
Cradock
107
creek
Cradock 'kraBd3k=Caradoc knight
crate kret | crated 'kretid
craft kraeft; ES+kraft, kraft; |-y -i
crater 'kreta^; ES 'kreta(r; |-ed -d
craftsman 'kraeftsman; E+'krafts-, 'krafts-;
cravat kra'vaet j-vatted -'vaetid
|-men -man |-manship -manj/ip
crave krev [craved krevd
crag kraeg |cragged 'kraegid |-gy -i
craven 'krevan |-ed -d |-ing 'krevanig, -vnig
Craigenputtock jkregan'pAtak
cravenette, C- jkraeva'net, ,krev- |-d -id
Craigie 'kregi
craving 'krevig
crake krek |craked krekt
craw kra
crakow 'kraekau
crawfish 'kra,fiX |-es -iz [-ed -t
cram kraem | crammed kraemd
Crawford 'krafa-d; ES 'krafad; |-sville -z,vil
crambo 'kraembo
crawl kral [crawled krald |-y -i
cramp kraemp | cramped kraempt
Crawley 'krali
crampon 'kraempan
crayfish 'kre,fij |-'s -iz
cranage 'krenids
crayon 'krean [crayoned 'kreand
Cranage 'kraenids |-'s -iz
craze krez [crazes 'kreziz [crazed krezd
cranberry 'kraenjberi, -ban
crazy 'krezi [crazily 'krezli, -zik
Crandall 'krandl
creak krik [creaked krikt
crane, C- kren | craned krend
cream krim [creamed krirad [-ery -an,
Cranford 'kraenfa^d; ES 'kraenfad
'krimri
cranial 'krenial |-ly -i
cream-faced 'krim'fest ('cream-, faced 'loon)
craniological jkrenia'ladsikl; ES+-%d3-;
crease kris [creases 'krisiz [creased krist
l-ly-i
creasy 'krisi
craniology jkreni'aladsi; ES+-'d1-
create kri'et [created kri'etid [-tion -'ejan
craniometer jkreni'amata^; ES -'amata(r.
creative kri'etiv [-tor -ta^; ES -ta(r
-'om-
creature 'krit/a'; ES 'kritXa(r; |-ral -al
craniometric ^krenia'metnk |-al -1 |-ally -li,
creche kre/, krej [-s -iz {Fr krerj)
-ikli
Crecy 'kresi {Fr kre'si)
craniometry jkreni'amatn; ES+-'Dm-
credence 'kridns [-dent -dnt
cranium 'kreniam j-s -z j-nia -ma
credential kri'd£nXal |-ed -d
crank kraegk [cranked kraegkt
credibility ,kr8da'bilati
crankcase 'kraegk, kes | -cases -jkesiz
credible 'kredabl |-bly -bli
crankle 'kraegkl ]-d -d j-ling 'kraegkhg, -klig
credit 'kredit [credited 'krtditid
crankpin 'kraegk, pin
creditability ,kr£dita'bilati
crankshaft 'kraegkjjaeft; E+-,J'aft,-,Xaft
creditable 'krsditabl [-bly -bli
Cranmer 'kraenma^; ES 'kraenma(r
creditor 'kredita^; ES 'kreditaCr
crannog 'kraenag
credo, C- 'krido, 'kredo
cranny 'kraem [crannied 'kraemd
credulity kra'dulati, -'dm-, -'dju-
Cranston 'kraenstan
credulous 'kredsalas
crape krep jcraped krept
Cree kri
crappie 'kraepi, 'krapi
creed krid [creeded 'kridid
craps kraeps
creek krik, krik — krik is much less freq. in ilie
crapulous 'krapjulas
S, bzit appears to be the native form in the
crash kraej j-es -iz j-ed -t
N b' E. krik, origi?ially a North British dia-
Crashaw 'kraeja
lect form, is still native in the Appalachians.
crasis 'kresis ] erases 'kresiz
According to Horn's, Jordan's, and Luick's
crass kraes
Historical English Grammars, krik repre-
Crassus 'kraesas |-sus' -sas
se7its the original word (ME crike), later
cratch, C- kraetj | cratches 'kraet/iz
altered to krik and then spelt creek. Crike is
Cratchit 'kraetfit
vmch the earlier recorded form. At first krik
[full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fySa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fmz [dish di/ [vision Visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredj [keep 'em 'kipm
Creek
108
crochet
was not a spelling pronunciation, bid the
crick krik [cricked krikt
spelling creek doubtless encouraged its spread.
cricket 'krikit |-ed -id |-er -a^; ES -a(r
Luick thinks that American krik represents
cricoid 'kraikaid
the normal standard English development.
cried kraid
Creek krik
crier 'kraia^; ES 'krai-aCr
creel kril | creeled krild
cries kraiz
creep krip |crept krspt |-er 'kripa^; ES -p3(r
Crile krail
creepmouse 'krip^maus |-'s -iz |-mice -^mais
crime kraim [crimed kraimd
creese kris | creeses 'krisiz
Crimea krai'mia, kri- |-n -n
Creighton 'kretn, 'kraitn
criminal 'krimanj, 'krinml |-ly -i
cremate 'krimet |-d -id |-tor -a^; ES -3(r
criminality jkrima'naelati
crematory 'krimaytori, 'krEm-, -jtDti; S -itori
criminate 'krimajnet |-nated -^netid
creme de menthe Fr kremda'mat
crimination jkrima'ne/an
Cremona kri'mona
criminologic jkrimana'ladsik, ^krimna-; ES+
crenate 'krinet |-d -id |-tion kri'ne/an
-'lDd3-;l-al-l
crenel 'krenl |creneled 'krenld
criminologist jkrima'nalad3ist, krim'nal-;
crenelate, -11- 'kren}jet |-d -id
ES+-'nDl-; |-gy-d3i
crenelation, -11- ^krEnl'e/an
crimp krimp [crimped krimpt
Creole, c- 'kriol
crimple 'krimpi |-d -d [-ling -'krimplig, -plig
Creon 'krian, -nn
crimson 'krimzn | crimsoned 'krimznd
creosote 'kria^sot |creosoted 'kria^sotid
cringe krinds [cringes 'krmdsiz j-d -d
crepe, crepe krep |-d -t
cringle 'kriggl
crepe de Chine jkrepda'/in
crinkle 'krigkl |-d -d [-ling 'krigkhg, -klig
crepitant 'krepatant |-itate -jtet |-tated -^tetid
crinkly 'krigkli
crept krept
crinoid 'krainaid, 'krin-
crepuscle kri'pAsl |-cular -kjala^; ES -l3(r
crinoline 'krinjin, -jin
crescendo kra'/endo, -'sEn- {It kre'Jendo)
cripple 'kripl |-d -d |-ling 'kriplig, -plig
crescent 'kresnt |-ed -id
Cripple Creek 'kripl'krik, -'krik
cresol 'krisol
Cripplegate 'kripljget, -git
cress kres |cresses 'kresiz [cressed krest
Criseyde in Chaucer kri'seda
cresset 'kresit
crisis 'kraisis [crises 'kraisiz
Cressida in Shak. 'kresida — see Criseyde
crisp krisp [crisped krispt
Cressy 'kresi {Fr Crecy kre'si)
crisscross 'kriSjkras, -jkrus [-es -iz [-ed -t
crest krest | crested 'krestid
Cristobal kris'tobi {Sp kris'toIJal)
crestfallen 'krest^falan, -jfaln
criterion krai'tirian [-teria -'tiria
Crestline 'krestlain, 'krEslain
critic 'kritik [al -1 [ally -li, -ikli
cretaceous kri'tejas
criticaster 'kritikjaesta^; ES -^aestad
Crete krit | Cretan 'kritn
criticism 'kritajSizam
cretin 'kritin |-ism -jizam, -tn-
criticize 'krita/Saiz [-s -iz [-d -d
cretonne kri'tan, -'ton, 'kritan, -tnn
critique kri'tik
crevasse kraVaes |-s -iz |-d -t
Crito 'kraito
crevice 'krevis ]-s -iz |-d -t
Crittendon 'kritndan
crew kru, kriu
croak krok [croaked krokt
Crewe kru, kriu
croaker, C- 'kroka^; ES 'kroka(r
crewel 'krual, 'kriual
Croat 'kroaet, -at
crib krib | cribbed kribd
Croatia kro'e/a, -Jia [-n -n
cribbage 'kribids |-s -iz |-d -d
Croce 'krotji {It 'kroit/e)
cribwork 'krib^wyk; ES -^wsk, -jwyk
crochet n 'kratjit; ES+'krot/it
Crichton 'kraitn
crochet v kro'/e [-cheted -'/ed -cheting -'/e-ig
Key: See in full §§3-^7. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg jangr)- 'aeg-gri
[bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a [far far [watch wat/, wot/ (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
crock
109
crowbar
crock krak; ES+krok; |-ed -t |-ery -an, -ri
Crockett 'krakit; ES+'krokit
crocodile 'krakajdail; ES+'krok-
crocodilian jkraka'dilian; ES+jkrnk-
crocus, C- 'krokas |-es -iz |-ci -sai
Croesus 'krisas |-sus' -sas
croft kroft, kroft
Croix krai {Fr krwa)
Croix de guerre Fr krwad 'ge:r
Croker 'kroka^; ES 'krok3(r
crokinole, C- 'kroka^nol
Cro-Magnon kro'maegnan, -non {Fr
kroma'jio)
Cromarty 'krama^ti; ES 'kramati, 'krom-
cromlech 'kramlek; ES+'kinm-
Crompton 'kramptan; ES+'krnmp-
Cromwell 'kramwal, -wel, 'krAm-; ES+
'krom-
Cromwellian kram'wElian, -Ijan; ES+krom-
crone kron
Cronus 'kronas |-'s -iz
crony 'kroni |cronied 'kronid
crook kruk | crooked krukt
crookback 'kruk^baek [-ed -t
crooked adj 'krukid
Crookes kruks |-'s -iz
crookneck 'kruk^nek |-ed -t
croon krun [crooned krund
crop krap; ES+krop; |-ped -t
crop-eared 'krap'ird; ES 'krap'iad, 'krop-,
S+-'£ad; ('crop-beared 'cur)
cropper 'krapa^; ES 'krapa(r, 'krop-
croppie 'krapi; ES+'kropi
croquet kro'ke [croqueted kro'ked j-ing
-'kc'ig
croquette kro'kEt
croquignole 'krokainol, -km jol {Fr kraki'jibO
crore kror, krar; ES kroa(r, E+kraa(r
Crosby 'krazbi, 'krnz-, 'kraz-
crosier, C- 'kro33^; ES 'kro3a(r; ]-ed -d
cross kras, kms |-es -iz |-ed -t
crossbar 'kras,bar, 'krns-; ES -jba:(r, E+
-jba:(r; |-red -d
crossbeam 'kras^bim, 'kros-
crossbill 'kras^bil, 'kros-
crossbones 'krasjbonz, 'krns-
crossbow 'kraSibo, 'kros- |-man -man |-men
-man
crossbred 'kras'bred, 'kros- ('cross-bred 'dog)
crossbreed n 'krasjbrid, 'kros-
crossbreed v 'kras'brid, 'kros-, -^brid ]-bred
-'bred, -jbred
crosscut 'kraSjkAt, 'krbs-
crosse kras, kros |-s -iz
cross-examination 'krasigjzaema'nejan, 'kros-
cross-examine 'krasig'zaemin, 'kros- |-d -d
cross-eye 'kras^ai, 'kros-
cross-eyed 'kras 'aid, 'kros- ( 'cross- ^eyed
'bear)
cross-fertilization 'krasjfytla'ze/an, 'kros-,
-ai'z-; ES -ifatl-, -,fytl-
cross-fertilize 'kras'fytljaiz, 'kros-; ES -'fstl-,
-'fytl-; |-s -IZ |-d -d
cross-gartered 'kras'garta'd, 'krns-; ES
-'ga:tad, E+-'ga:tad
cross-grained 'kras'grend, 'kros-
crosshatch 'krasjhaetj, 'kros- |-es -iz |-ed -t
cross-legged 'kras'kgid, -'legd, 'kros- ('sit
jcross-'legged, 'cross- ^legged 'knight)
crossover n 'krasjova^, 'krns-; ES -jOV9(r
crosspatch 'krasjpjetj, 'krns- |-es -iz
crosspiece 'krasjpis, 'krns- |-s -iz
cross-pollinate 'kras'pala^net, 'kros-; ES-i-
-'pnl-; |-d -id
cross-pollination 'kraSjpala'ne/an, 'krns-;
ES+-iPDl-
cross-purpose 'kras'pypas, 'kros-; ES -'psp-,
-'pyp-; 1-s -iz
cross-question 'kras'kwest/an, 'kros- |-ed -d
crossruff 'kras^rAf, 'kros- |-ed -t
cross-section v 'kras'sekjan, 'krns- |-ed -d
cross-stitch 'kras^stitj, 'kros- |-es -iz j-ed -t
crosstrees 'kras^triz, 'krns-
crossways 'krasjwez, 'kros- |-wise -^waiz
crossword 'kras^wyd, 'kros-; ES -;W3d, -^wyd
crotch kratf ; ES+krotJ; |-es -iz |-ed -t
crotched adj 'krat/t, 'kratjid; ES+'krotJ-
crotchet 'kratjit; ES+'krotJit; |-ed -id
Crothers 'krA'Sa'z; ES 'krAtJaz; |-'s -iz
croton, C- krotn
crouch kraut/ |crouches 'krautjiz |-ed -t
croup krup |-ed -t
crouper 'crupper' 'krupa^, 'krupa", ES -pa(r
croupier 'krupia^; ES 'krupi'a(r
crouton kru'tan, -'ton {Fr kru'to)
crow kro \past crew kru, kriu or crowed krod
\pplc crowed krod
crowbar 'kro^bar; ES -jba:(r, E-i--jba:(r
|full ful |tooth tuG Ifurther 'fy'5a'; ES 'fstJa |custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau |toy tai
|using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz jdish di/ |vision 'visan |Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl |keep 'em 'kipm
crowd
110
culinary
crowd kraud Icrowded 'kraudid
Crowell 'kroal
crowfoot 'krojfut \pl -feet -jfit, plant -foots
-jfuts
Crowley 'kroli, 'krauli
crown kraun |crowned kraund
crown piece 'kraun ^pis | -pieces -^pisiz
crow's-foot 'krozjfut j-feet -^fit
crow's-nest 'kroz^nest
Croydon 'kraidn
crozier, C- 'krosa^; ES 'krogaCr; |-ed -d
cruces pi of crux 'krusiz, 'kriusiz
crucial 'krujal, 'kriu/al |-ly -i
cruciate adj 'krujiit, 'kriu-, -i^et
cruciate v 'kru/ijCt, 'kriu- |-ated -^etid
crucible 'krussbl, 'kriu- |-d -d
crucifix 'krus3jfiks, 'kriu- |-es -iz
crucifixion jkrusa'fik/an, jkriu-
cruciform 'krusS/fDrm, 'kriu-; ES -jfaam
crucify 'krusa^fai, 'knu- |-fied -jfaid
crude krud, kriud |-dity -ati
cruel 'krual, 'kriual |-ly -i |-ty -ti
cruet 'kruit, 'kriuit
Cruikshank 'krukj/aegk
cruise kruz, kriuz |-s -iz |-d -d
cruiser 'kruza^, 'kriuza^; ES -Z3(r
cruller 'krAla^; ES 'krAl3(r
crumb, C- krAm [crumbed krAmd
crumble 'krAinbl |crumbled 'krAmbld |-bly
-bli
crump krAmp | crumped krAmpt
crumpet 'krAmpit
crumple 'krAmpl |-d -d 1-ling 'krAmplig, -plig
crumply 'krAmpli
crunch krAntJ | crunches 'krAnt/iz |-ed -t
crupper 'krApa^, 'krupa^; ES -p3(r
crural 'krural, 'kriural
crusade, C- kru'sed, knu- ]-d -id
cruse kruz, kriuz, -s |-s -iz
crush krAj | crushes 'krA/iz | crushed krAjt
Crusoe 'kruso, 'kriuso
crust krAst | crusted 'krAstid
crustacean krAs'tefan |-ceous -/as
crutch krAt/ |crutches 'krAtJiz |-ed -t
crux krAks |-es -iz | cruces 'krusiz, 'kriu-
cry krai | cried kraid |-baby -jbebi
cryolite 'kraiajait
crypt kript |crypted 'kriptid
cryptic 'kriptik |-al -I |-ally -li, -ikli
cryptogam 'knptajgaem |-ic /knpta'gjemik
cryptogamous krip'tagamas, -'tog- |-my -mi
cryptogram 'kripta/graem
cryptograph 'kripta,graef ; E+-/graf, -jgraf
cryptographer krip'tagrafa^, -'tog-; ES -fa(r;
|-phy -fi
cryptographic ^kripta'graefik |-al -1 |-ally -li,
-ikh
crystal, C- 'knstl |-ed -d
crystalhne 'knstlin, -jam, ^oei.-i-kns'tael-
crystallization jkristla'zejan, -ai'z-
crystaUize 'kristljaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
crystallography ,kristl'agrafi, -'og-
crystalloid 'kristlpid |-al ikristl'aidl
Ctesiphon 'tEsajfan, -jfmi
cub kAb [cubbed kAbd
Cuba 'kjuba, 'kiuba |-n -n {Sp 'ku^a)
cubbyhole 'kAbijhol
cube kjub, kiub |-d -d
cubeb 'kjubsb, 'kiubeb
cubic 'kjubik, 'kiu- j-al -1 |-ally -]i |-icly -ikli
cubicle 'kjubikl, 'kiu-
cubism 'kjubizam, 'kiub- |-ist -ist
cubistic kju'bistik, kiu-
cubit 'kjubit, 'kiubit |-ed -id
cuboid 'kjubaid, 'kiubaid
Cuchulainn, -llin ku'kAlin, 'kuxuhn
cucking-stool 'kAkiOiStul
cuckold 'kAkjd |-ed -id j-ry -ri
cuckoo 'kuku, ku'ku j-ed -d
cuckooflower 'kuku^flaua-; ES -jflau-a(r
cucumber 'kjukAmba^, 'kiu-; ES -kAmba(r
cud kAd
Cudahy 'kAdahi
cuddle 'kAdl 1-d -d |-ling 'kAdlig, 'kAdlig
cuddly 'kAdli
cuddy, C- 'kAdi
cudgel 'kAdsal [cudgeled 'kAdsald
cue kju, kiu [cued kjud, kiud
cuff kAf [cuffed kAft
Cufic 'kjufik, 'kiu-
cuirass kwi'raes |-es -iz |-ed -t
cuirassier ^kwira'sir; ES -'siaCr
cuisine kwi'zin
cuisse kwis [cuisses 'kwisiz
cul-de-sac 'kAlda'saek, 'kul- {Fr kyd'sak, kyt-)
Culebra ku'lebra
culex, C- 'kjuleks, 'kiu- [-lices -h^siz
culinary 'kiula,neri, 'kiula-
Key: See in full §§3-A7. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg |angr\' 'asg-gri
[bath bae6; E baO (§10) [ah a [far far [watch wat/, wot/ (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
cull
111
curlicue
cuU kAl IcuUed kAld
cuneiform 'kjumajarm, 'kiun-.
-mjarm.
Cullen 'kAlin, -an
kju'nla-, kiu-; ES -Jaam
cullender 'kAlanda^, 'kAlin-; ES -dacr
cuniform 'kjumjarm, 'kium-; ES -
ifaam
cullion 'kAljan |-ry -n
cunner 'kAna^; ES 'kAna(r
Culloden ka'ladn, -'lodn, -'lodn
cunning 'kAnig
culm kAlm |culmed kAlmd
Cunningham 'kAnig^haem, %Amgam
culminate 'k Alma, net |-nated -,netid
cup kAp 1 cupped kApt
culmination jkAlma'ne/an
cupalo, -olo 'kjnpajo, 'km- |-ed -d-
-'kjupajo
culpability ikAlpa'bibti
represents a 17c variant of cupola still widely
culpable 'kAlpabl |-bly -bli
heard in US.
Culpeper 'kAlpepa"^; ES 'kAlpEp3(r
cupbearer 'kAp^ber*, -^baera'; E -,b£ra(r, ES
culprit 'kAlprit
-jbaera(r
cult kAlt
cupboard 'kAba'd; ES 'kAbad; |-ed
-id
cultivability jkAltava'bibti
cupful 'kApJul |-s -z
cultivable %Alt3vabl |-bly -bli
Cupid, c- 'kjupid, 'kiupid
cultivate 'kAltajVet |-vated -,vetid
cupidity kju'pidati, kiu-
cultivation jkAltaVeJan
cupola 'kjupala, 'km- |-ed -d — see c
upalo
cultivator 'kAltajveta^; ES -jvetaCr
cupreous 'kjuprias, 'kmp- 1-rous -ras j-ric -rik
cultural 'kAlt/aral |-ly -i
cur ky; ES k3(r, ks'
culture 'kAltJa^; ES 'kAltJaCr; |-d -d
curability jkjura'bilati, jkiura-
culver, C- 'kAlva^; ES 'kAlv3(r
curable 'kjurabl, 'kiur- |-bly -bh
culverin 'kAlvarin
Curasao, c-, -goa jkjura'so, ^kiura-
culvert 'kAlva^t; ES 'kAlvat; |-ed -id
curacy 'kjurasi, 'kiurasi
cumber 'kAmba^; ES 'kAmb3(r; |-ed -d j-ing
Curan 'kyan; ES 'ksran, 'kAran, 'ka^an
'kAmbrig, 'kAmbarii)
curassow 'kjura^so, 'kiura-
Cumberland 'kAmba^land; ES 'kAmba-
curate 'kjurit, 'kiurit
cumbersome 'kAmba^sam; ES 'kAmba-
curative 'kjurativ, 'kiu-
cumbrance 'kAmbrans |-s -iz |-brous -bras
curator kju'reta^, kiu'reta^, law-
f 'kjurata-.
Cumbria 'liAmbria |-n -n
'kiur-; ES -ta(r
cumin, cumm- 'kAmin
curatorial jkjura 'tonal, ,kiura-.
-'tar-; S
cum laude 'kAm'bdi, 'kum'laudi
-'tor-
Cimunings 'kAnugz |-'s -iz
curb kyb; ES ksb, k^b; |-ed -d |-stone -,ston
Cummins 'kAminz |-'s -iz
curculio ks^'yulijO, -'kmli-; ES ks
-,ky-
cumquat 'kAmkwat, -kwot
curd ks^d; ES ksd, kyd; |-ed -id
cumshaw 'kAm/a
curdle 'ka^dl; ES 'kadi, 'kydl; 1-d -d |-ling
cumulate adj 'kjumjaht, 'kium-, -Jet
-djig, -dbg
cumulate v 'kjumjajlet, 'kium- 1-lated -,letid
cure kjur, kiur; ES -a(r; |-d -d
cumulation jkjumja'leXan, ,kiumja-
cure kju're, kiu're {Fr ky're)
cumulative 'kiumja,letiv, 'kiumja-
cure-all 'kjur pi, 'kiur pi
cumulo-cirrus ,kjumjalo'siras, jkium- |-ri -rai
curette kju'ret, kiu- |-d -id
cumulo-nimbus jkjumjalo'nimbas, ,kium-
curfew 'kyfju, -fiu; ES 'ks-, 'ks'-
|-bi -bai
curia 'kjuria, 'kiuria |-iae -iji
cumulo-stratus jkjumjalo'stretas, ^kmm- |-ti
Curie, c- 'kjuri, 'kiu-, kju'ri, kiu-
{Fr ky'ri)
-tax
curio, C- 'kjurijO, 'kiuri-
cumulous 'kjumjalas, 'kium-
curiosity ,kjuri'asati, ,kiuri-; ES-i-
-'ds-
cumulus 'kjumjalas, 'kium- |-es -iz |-li -Jai
curious 'kjurias, 'kiun-
Cunard kju'nard, kiu-; ES -'na:d, E+-'na:d
curl ks'l; ES ksl, ks^l; |-ed -d
cunctator kAgk'teta^; ES -'teta(r; |-ship -Jip
curlew 'kylu, -Im, 'kylju; ES 'ks-,
'ky-
cuneate 'kjuniit, 'kiun-, -i^et
curlicue 'kyli/kju, -,km; ES 'ksli-.
'kyli-
|full ful |tooth tue [further 'fy'Sa^; ES 'fstSa [custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau [toy tai
(using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dif [vision 'vi3an |Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
curmudgeon
112
Cuvier
curmudgeon ka^'mAdjan; ES ka-
cushaw ka'/b
currant 'kyant; ES 'ksrant, 'kAr-, 'ky-
Gushing 'ku/ig
currency 'kyansi; ES 'ksransi, 'kAr-, 'ky-
Cushman 'kujman
current 'kyant; ES 'ksrant, 'kAr-, 'ky-
cushion 'kujan, -in |-ed -d
curricle 'kyikl; ES 'ksrikl, 'kAr-, 'ka^-;
cusp kAsp jcusped kAspt |-id -id j-idal -idl
1-d -d |-ling -kho, -klig
cuspate 'kAspit, -pet |-d -petid
curricular ka'rikjala^; ES -l3(r
cuspidate 'kAspijdet |-dated -^detid
curriculum ka'rikjabm |-s -z |-la -la
cuspidor 'kAspajdar; ES -jdaa(r
currier, C- 'kyia^; ES 'ksri-aCr, 'kAri-, 'kyi-
cuss kAS 1 cusses 'kAsiz | cussed kAst
Currier and Ives 'kyia^n'aivz, 'kyiarand'aivz;
cussed adj 'kAsid |-ly -li
ES 'ksrian'aivz, 'kArian'aivz, 'kyian'aivz.
cuss-word 'kASjwyd; ES -jwsd, -jWyd
'ksriarand'aivz 'kAriarand'aivz, 'kyiarand-
custard 'kAsta^d; ES 'kAstad
'aivz
Custer 'kAsta^; ES 'kAsta(r
currish 'kyij; ES 'ksrij, 'ky-
Custis 'kAstis |-'s -IZ
curry 'kyi; ES 'ksri, 'kAri, 'kyi; [-ied -d
custodial kAs'todial |-an -an j-anship -an Jip
|-comb -jkom
custody 'kAstadi
curse kys; ES kss, kys; [-s -iz |-d -t
custom 'kAstam |-ed -d
cursed adj 'kysid, kyst; ES 'kss-, 'kys-,
customarily 'kAstanijErali, esp. if emph.
k3st, kyst; 1-ly -idli
jkAsta'merali
cursive 'kysiv; ES 'kss-, 'kys-; j-sory -sari
customary 'kAstanijen
cursorial ky'sonal, -'s3r-; ES ks'sonal, ky-.
customer 'kAstama^; ES 'kAstamaCr
E+-'s3r-
customhouse 'kAStam^haus |-ses -ziz
Cursor Mundi 'kysar'mAndai, 'kysa^-, -di;
custom-made 'kAstam'med ('custom-jmade
ES 'k3S33-, -S3-, 'kys33-, 'kys3-
'hat)
curst kyst; ES ksst, kyst
cut kAt
curt kyt; ES kst, kyt
cut-and-fill 'kAtn'M
curtail ky'tel, ka^-; ES ks-, ky-, ka-; |-ed -d
cutaneous kju'tenias, kiu-
('curjtail 'spending)
cutaway 'kAta^we
curtain 'kytn, -tin, -tan; ES 'kst-, 'kyt-;
cutback 'kAtjbaek
|-ed -d |-ing -irj, -tniij
cute kjut, kiut
curtal 'kytl; ES 'kstl, 'kytl
Cuthbert 'kAOba-t; ES 'kAGbat
curtesy 'kytasi; ES 'kst-, 'kyt-
cuticle 'kjutikl, 'kiut-
curtilage 'k^tlids; ES 'kst-, 'kyt-; |-s -iz
cutlass, -las 'kAtlas j-es -iz
Curtis, -ss 'kytis; ES 'kst-, 'kyt-; |-'s -iz
cut-leaf 'kAtjlif | -leaved -jlivd
curtsy -sey 'ks'tsi; ES 'kst-, 'kyt-; |-ied -d
cutler 'kAtla^; ES 'kAtla(r; |-ess -is |-y -i
curule 'kjurul, 'kiur-, -rui
cutlet 'kAtht
curvature 'ks'vatja'; -jtjur; ES 'ksvat/aCr,
cutoff 'kAtpf, -iuf
'ks'vatJaCr, -/tju3(r
cutout 'kAt,aut
curve kyy; ES ksv, kyv; |-d -d |-dly -idli
cutover 'kAtjOva^; ES -jOva(r
curvet n 'kyvit; ES 'ksv-, 'kyv-
cutpurse 'kAt^pys; ES -ipss, -ipys; ]-s -iz
curvet V 'kyvit, ka-'vet; ES 'ksvit, 'kyy-.
cut-rate 'kAt'ret ('cut-jrate 'store)
ka'vEt; |-(t)ed -id
cutter 'kAta^; ES 'kAta(r
curvilineal jkyva'lmial; ES jksva-, ^kyva-;
cutthroat 'kAt^Orot
|-ear-i3-; ES -i'3(r
cutting 'kAtig
Curwood 'ks^jwud; ES 'ks^wud, 'ky-
cuttle, C- 'kAtl l-bone -jbon j-fish -M
Curzon 'kyzn; ES 'kszn, 'ks^zn
cutty 'kAti
Cusco 'kusko
Cuttyhunk 'kAtijhAgk
cusec 'kjusek, 'kiusek
cutworm 'kAt,wym; ES -jwsm, -^wym
Cush kAj l-'s -IZ |-ite -ait |-itic kAj'itik
Cuvier 'kjuvijC, 'kiu- {Fr ky'vje)
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret ij^et jet |sang saeg |angr>- 'aeo-gri
|bath baeG; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
Cuyahoga
113
Czernowitz
Cuyahoga kai'hags, ^kaia-, ka-, -'hoga,
•'haga, old-fash, -'hoga
Cuyahoga Falls ka^haga^falz. kai-, -^hoga-,
-'haga-, old-fash, -'hoga-
Cuzco 'kusko
cyanamide jSaia^naemaid, sai^senajinaid, -mid
I -mid -mid
cyanate ^saia^net
cyanic sai'aemk
cyanide 'saidiiiaid, -md |-nid -nid |-d -id
cyanogen sai'^enadsan, -dsin
cyanosis jsaiaWsis
Cybele, c- 'sibl^i
Cyclades ^sikbjdiz
cyclamen 'siklaman, -jmen
cycle 'saikl |-d -d |-ling ^saiklig, %aik]io
cyclic ^saiklik, 'sik- ]-al -j |-ally -ji, -ikh
cyclist 'saiklist, ^saikhst
cycloid ^saikbid |-al sai'kbidl [-ally sai-
'kbidji
cyclometer sai'klamata^; ES -^klam3t3(r,
-'klom-
cyclone 'saiklon |-d -d
cyclonic sai'klanik; ES+-'klDn-; |-al -1 |-alty
-li, -ikh
Cyclopean, c- ^saikla'pian
cyclopedia, -paed- jsaikb^idia
cyclopedic, -paed- jsaikb'pidik |-al -1 [-ally
-li, -ikh
Cyclops ^saiklaps; ES+-klDps; |-es -iz
I -elopes sai'klopiz
cyclorama jSaikla'raema, -'roma
cygnet 'signit
Cygnus ^signas |-'s -iz \gen Cygni ^signal
cylinder 'silinda^; ES -da(r; |-ed -d |-ing
'silindrig, -dang
cylindric si^indnk |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
cymbal 'simbl |-ed -d |-ing ^simb]ig, -bhg
C3Tnbalist 'simblist, 'simblist
Cymbeline ^simb]jin
cyme saim jcymose 'saimos, saiWos
cymous 'saimas
Cymric 'simrik, ^kimrik |-ry -ri
Cynewulf 'kim^wulf
cynic 'simk |-al -} |-ally -ji, -ikk
cynicism 'sinajSizam |-eist -sist
cynocephalic jSinose'faebk, jsamo-
cynocephalus ^sino'sefabs, ^sai- |-lous -bs
cynosure 'sainaj'ur, 'sina-; ES -Svair
Cynthia ^sinGia |Cynthiana jSinOi'aena
cypher 'saifa^; ES 'saifa(r; |-ed -d |-ing
'saifrig, ^saifarig
cypress 'saipras |-es -iz |-ed -t
Cyprian 'siprian
cyprinoid 'sipra^naid
Cypriot 'sipriat |-ote -^ot
cypripedium, C- jSipra'pidiam |-dia -dia
Cyprus, c- 'saipras |-'s -iz
Cyrano de Bergerac 'sirajnoda'byd3a,raek;
ES -'bsds-, -'byds-; (Fr siranodbergaVak)
Cyrenaic jSira'ne-ik, jsaira- |-naica -'neaka
Cyrene pers. name sai'rin, Gk city sai'rini
Cyril 'siral, -il
Cyrus 'sairas |-'s -iz
cyst sist |-ed -id |-itis sis'taitis
Cythera si'Oira
Cytherea /SiOa'na |-n -n
cytology sai'ta!ad3i; ES+-'tDl-; 1-gist -st
cytoplasm 'saita^plaezam |-ic jsaita'plaezmik
czar zar; ES za:(r, E+za:(r
czarevitch 'zarajVit/; E+'zara-; [-'s -iz
czarevna za'r£vna; E+za-
czarina zaVina; E+za-
Czech t/ek |-ic -ik |-ish -if
Czechoslovak, Czecho-Sl- jt/eka'slovaek, -vak
Czechoslovakia, Czecho-Sl- jt/tkasloVaekia,
-Vak-, -kja |-n -n
Czernowitz 't/ErnajVits l-'s -iz
|full ful Itooth tue [further 'fytia^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail jhow hau [toy t3i
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision Visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
114
D
damnify
D, d letter di \pl D's, Ds, poss D's diz
-d ending see -ed
'd abbr. spelling of unstressed had, would, as in
I'd aid, he'd hid, she'd Jid, it'd itad, we'd
wid, you'd jud, they'd tied, there'd tJerd,
tiead, etc.
dab daeb | dabbed daebd
dabble 'daebl |-d -d l-hng ^daeblig, ^daeblig
dabster 'daebsta'; ES 'daebst3(r
da capo It da'ka:po
dace des | daces 'desiz
dachshund 'daksjhund, ^daeks^IiAnd {Ger
'daksjhunt
Dacia 'de/ia, 'de/a [-n -n
dacoit da'koit |dacoitage da'koitids \-y -i
dactyl, D- 'daektil, -tl |Dactyli ^daektijai
dactylic daek'tilik
dad daed | daddy 'daedi
dado 'dedo | dadoed 'dedod
Daedalus 'dedlas |Daedalus's 'dedlasiz
daemon 'diman |-s -z |daemones 'diman^iz
daffodil 'daefa^dil |-dilly -jdili
daffy 'daefi
daffydowndilly ^daefijdaun^dili
Dafoe 'defo
daft daeft; E+daft, daft
dag daejl |dagged daegd
dagger 'daega-; ES 'daegaCr
daggle 'da^gl |-d -d | daggling Maeghg, -glig
Dago 'Italian' 'dego; Darjur Negro 'dago
Dagobert 'daegab^t, 'dfego^bs't; ES 'daega-
bat, 'daegojbat, -jbs^t
Dagon 'degan, -gan; ES+'degnn
Daguerre Fr da'g£:r
daguerreotype da'gerajtaip, da'gena-
Dahl dal
Dahlgren 'daelgrin, -an
dahha 'daslja, 'dalja, 'delja — The regtdar
Anglicized form is 'delja, prevalent in Engd
and formerly in Amer. 'dalja is. formed on
Sw Dahl, and 'daelja is an Am modification
of 'dalja.
Dahomey da'homi, da'home
Dail Eireann 'dail'eran, 'dail-, -'eran
daily, D- 'deli
daimio 'daimjo
Daimler 'demla^, 'daimla'; ES -la(r
daimon 'dannan; ES+'daimnn
Daingerfield 'dendsa-^fild; ES 'dendja-
Dai Nippon 'dai ni'pan, -'pon, 'nip'pan, -'pon
{Jap 'njippon)
dainty 'denti |-tily 'dentli, -till
dairy 'den, 'de:ri, 'den [-man -man, -jmaen
|-men -man, -^men — Some speakers distin-
guish dsiiry from Derry by a longer e.
dais 'de-is, des |daises 'de-isiz, 'desiz — "The
dissyllabic pronunciation of dais is a 'shot' at
the word from the spelling." — OED.
daisy 'dezi [daisied 'dezid
dak, dawk dak, dak
Dakar da'kar, da-; ES -'ka:(r, E+-'ka:(r
Dakin 'dekin
Dakota da'kota, di'kota
Dalai Lama da'lai'lama, 'dalai-
dale del |-man, -men -man |-sman, -smen
-zman
Dalhousie college dael'hauzi, Quebec dael'huzi
Dallas 'daelas, Texas /oc.+'daelis |-'s -iz
daUes, D- daelz
dalliance 'daehans, 'daeljans |-s -iz
dally 'daeli |dalhed 'daelid
Dalmatia dael'me/ia, -'me/a ]-n -n
dalmatic, D- dael'maetik
Dalrymple 'daelnmpl, dael'nmpl
Dalton 'daltn
Daly 'deh
Dalzel, -11, -ziel Am name dael'zEl; Scotl
dal'jel, -'zel, di'el, di'el, da'el
dam daem [dammed daemd
damage 'daemids |-s -iz |-d -d
Damariscotta jdaemari'skata; ES+-'skDta;
loc. jdaema'skoti
Damascene 'daema^sin, jdaema'sln
Damascus da'maeskas |-'s -iz
damask 'daemask
dame dem
Damien 'demian, -mjan {Fr da'mj«)
damn daam |-ed -d [damning 'daemig,
'daemnig
damnable 'daemnabl |-bly -bh |-ation daem-
'ne/an
damnatory 'daemnajtori, -jtari; S 'daemna-
jtori
damnify 'daemna^fai [damnified 'daemnajfaid
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg [angry 'aeg-gri
[bath baeG; E baO (§10) [ah a [far far [watch wat/, wot/ (§12) [jaw daa [gorge g3rd3 [go go
Damocles
115
dartle
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m)
Damocles 'daemajkliz |Damocles's 'daema-
Daphne 'daefra
jkliziz
Daphnis 'daefnis |Daphnis's 'daefnisiz
Damon ^deman
dapper 'daepa^; ES 'daepa(r
damosel, -zel 'daema^zEl |-zell jdaema^zEl
dapple 'daepl |-d -d |-ling 'daeplig, -plig
damosella jdaema'zela
dapple-gray 'daepl'gre ('dapple-^gray 'mare)
damp daemp | damped daempt
Darbishire 'darbi^/ir, -/a^; ES 'da:bijXia(r,
dampen 'daempan |-ed -d |-ing -panig, -pnig
-X3(r
damper 'dasmpa^; ES 'daemp3(r
Darby 'darbi; ES 'da:bi
Dampier 'd«mpir, 'daempi-a^, -pjsr ; ES -pi3(r.
Dardanelles /dardn'Elz; ES jda:d-
-pi-3(r, -pJ3(r
Dardanius dar'denias; ES da-; |-'s -iz
Damrosch 'daemra/; ES+-rDX; j-'s -iz
dare der, daer; E deaCr, ES daea(r; |-d -d
damsel 'daemzl
or durst da^st; ES dsst, dyst; pptc -d -d
damson 'daemzn
daredevil 'der^dEvI, 'daer- ; E 'dea-, ES 'daea- ;
Dan daen
|-try -tri
Dana 'dena
daren't demt, daemt; E deant, ES d«ant
Danae 'daenij
Dares 'deriz, 'daeriz, 'deriz; S 'dteriz, 'deriz;
Danai 'daenijai
|-es' -iz
Danbury 'daen^bEri, 'daenbari
Darfur dar'fur, 'dorfa^; ES da:'£ua(r, 'da:fa(r
dance daens; E+dans, dans; |-s -iz |-d -t
daric 'daerik
dandelion 'daendl^aian, 'daendi^laian
Darien Panama jden'en, ^daer-, 'deri^En,
dander 'daenda^; ES 'diendaCr
'daer-, -an; S jdaer-, 'daer-; Co7in -'en
Dandie 'daendi
daring 'derig, 'daeng; S 'daerig
dandify 'daendi jfai |-fied -^faid
Darius da'raias |Darius's da'raiasiz
dandle 'daendi |-d -d |-ling 'daendhg, 'daendlig
Darjeeling, -jil- dar'dsihg; ES dar'ds-
dandier 'daendla^; ES 'daendla(r
dark dark; ES dark; |darked darkt; ES da:kt
dandruff 'daendraf
darken 'darkan; ES 'da:k-; |-ed -d |-ing
dandy 'daendi
-kanig, -knig
Dane den |-geld -igeld |-lagh, -law -Ja
darkey 'darki; ES 'da:ki
Danenhower 'daenan^hauof; ES -jhau»a(r
darkling 'darklig; ES 'darkbg
danger 'dend33'; ES 'dend3a(r; |-ous -as.
darkroom 'dark^rum, -^rum; ES 'dark-
-dsras
darksome 'darksam; ES 'darksam
Dangerfield 'dendsa^^fild; ES 'dendsa-
darky 'darki; ES 'darki
dangle 'daeggl |-d -d |-ling 'daegglig, -glig
Darlan 'dorian; ES 'darl-; {Fr dar'la)
Daniel 'daenjal, old-fash, 'daenj |-s -z
darUng 'darlig ; ES 'darlig
Danielson Conn 'daenlsn, 'daenjalsn
Darmstadt 'darmjstat; ES 'darm-; {Ger
Danish 'denif
'darmjtat)
Danite 'daenait
darn dam; ES darn; f-ed -d j-edest -dist
dank daegk
Darnal, -11 'daml; ES 'darnl
d'Annunzio da'nunzijO {It dan'nuntsjo)
Darnay dar'ne; ES dar'ne
danseuse dan'ssz, daen- |-s -iz {Fr dasorz)
darnel 'darnl; ES 'darnl
Dante 'daenti, 'danti {It 'dante)
Darnel, -11 'darnl, dar'nel; ES 'darnl, dar'nel
Dantean 'daentian, daen'tian, 'dan-, dan-
Darnley 'darnli; ES 'darnk
Dantesque daen'tesk, dan-
Darrow 'daero, -a
Danton 'daentan, Fr leader sarj 3a:k da'to
Darsie 'darsi; ES 'darsi
Danube 'daenj ub, 'daenjub |-bian daen'jubian
dart dart; ES dart; |-ed -id
Dan vers 'daenva^z; ES 'daenvaz; |-'s -iz
Dartford 'dartfa-d; ES 'dartfad
Danzig 'daentsig {Ger 'dantsix)
dartle 'dartl; ES 'darti; |-d -d |-ling -tlig,
dap daep [dapped daept
-tlig
|full ful |tooth tuG [further 'fytja^; ES 'faSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Dartmoor
116
debar
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m)
Dartmoor 'dart^mur, -jmor, -jinar; ES 'da:t-
jinu3(r, -^moaCr, E+-im33(r
Dartmouth 'dartmaG; ES 'dattmaO
Darwin 'darwm; ES 'da:win; |-ism -^izam
Darwinian dar'wiman; ES da'winian
Dasent ^desnt
dash daej | dashes 'daefiz |-ed -t |-edly -idli
dashboard 'dae/jbord, -Joord; ES 'dae/jboad,
E+-jb33d
dastard 'daesta^d; ES ^daestad
data 'deta, 'daeta, 'data
datary 'detari |dataria da'teria, de-, -'ter-
date det [dated 'detid
dative 'detiv
datum 'detain [data 'deta, 'daeta, 'data
daub dab | daubed dabd
Daubeney 'dabani, 'dabni
Daubigny do'binji (Fr dobi'jii)
Daudet do'de, 'dode (Fr do'de)
daughter 'data^; ES 'dataCr
daughter-in-law 'datannja, 'data^nja; ES
'datarinja, 'datanja
daughters-in-law 'data^zin^la, 'data^znja; ES
'datazin^la, 'datazrija
daunt dant, dnnt, dant |-ed -id |-less -lis
dauphin 'dafm |-ess -is, -j8s (Fr do'f*)
davenport, D- 'dasvan^port, 'daevm^port,
-jpart; ES -^poat, E-i--jpaat
Daventry 'daevantri, loc. 'dentn
David 'devid |-son -sn
Davies 'deviz, 'devis, 'deviz |-'s -iz
Daviess 'devis |-'s -iz
da Vinci, Leonardo jlia'nardo da'vmt/i; ES
-'na:do; (It jleo'nardo da'vintji)
Davis 'devis | Davis's 'devisiz |-on -n
davit 'daevit
Davy 'devi
daw da
dawdle 'dadl |-d -d 1-hng 'dadhij, 'dadjig
Dawes daz | Dawes's 'daziz
dawk dak, dak
dawn dan [dawned dand
Dawson 'dasn
day, D- de |-book -jbuk [-break -jbrek
Dayak 'daiask
daydream 'de^drim |-ed -d
dayflower 'de^flaua^, -jflaur; ES -jflau'a(r,
-jflaua(r
daylight 'dcjlait
daylight-saving 'dejait'sevig ('daylight-iSav-
ing 'time)
dayspring 'de^spno
daystar 'dcjstar; ES 'deiSta:(r
daytime 'deitaim
Dayton 'detn |-ian de 'toman
Daytona de'tona
daze dez | dazes 'deziz [dazed dezd |-dly -idb
dazzle 'daezl |-d -d |-hng 'daezbg, daezlig
de- prefix. Wlien wJwlly unaccented, de- varies
between di- and da-. Wlien only one of these
is given in the vocab., it is to be understood
that the otlier is used by many speakers, or
often by the same speaker in different styles.
The di- type with many speakers has the
usual tendency toward di-.
deacon 'dikan |-ed -d ]-ate -it |-ess -is |-esses
-isiz
dead ded |deaded 'dedid |-ly -b
deaden 'dgdn |-ed -d |-ing 'dednig, 'dednig
deadeye, D- 'ded^ai
deadfall 'dedjfal
deadhead 'dEd^hed [-headed -jhedid
deadliness 'dedbnis
deadlock 'dedjak; ES+'^lok; |-ed -t
deadwood, .D- 'ded^wud
deaf def, now miich less frcq. dif
deaf-and-dumb 'defan'dAin ('deaf-and-'dumb
^school, 'deaf-and-jdumb 'boy)
deafen 'defan |-ed -d [ing 'defamg, 'defnig
deaf-mute 'def mjut, -'miut, -jnijut, -^miut
deal dil [dealt dslt
dean din [deaned dind |-ery -an, -ri j-ship -/ip
Dean(e) din
dear dir; ES dia(r, S+d£a(r, dJ£a(r
Dearborn 'dirba^n, -jbam; ES 'diaban, -^baan,
S-i-'dea-, 'djea-
dearth d^G; ES dsG, d^G; [-ths -Gs
deary, -ie 'din; S+'den, 'dJEn
death dcG [-ths -Gs |-ly -h j-like -Jaik
deathbed 'deG^bed
deathblow 'dsG^blo
death's-head 'dEGs^hed
deathwatch 'dEG^watJ, -/WotJ, -jwatj" [-es -iz
Deauville 'dovil {Fr do'vil)
debacle de'bakl, di-, -'baekl {Fr de'ba:kj)
debar di'bar; ES -'ba:(r; [-red -d
Key: See in full §§3~47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet JEt [sang sasg [angry 'aeg-gn
[bath baeG; E baG (§10) [ah a [far far [watch wat/, wot/ (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gardj [go go
debark
117
deckle-edged
debark di'bark; ES -'ba:k, E+-'ba:k; 1-ed -t
Decapolis di'kaepahs |-'s -iz
debarkation ^dibar'kejan; ES -ba:-, E+-ba:-
decarbonate di'karban^et; ES -'ka:b-.
E+
debase di'bes |-s -iz |-d -t |-dness -idnis
-'ka:b-; |-ated -^etid
debatable, -bateable di'betabl
decarbonize di^karban^aiz; ES -'ka:b-.
E+
debate di'bet |-bated -'betid
-'ka:b-; |-s -iz |-d -d
debauch di'bat/ |-es -iz |-ed -t |-edly -idli
decarburize dl'karbja^raiz, -'karba-;
ES
debauchee jdeba'tji, -'/i
-'ka:b-, E+-'ka:b-
debauchery di'botjari, -t/n
decasyllable 'dekajSilabl |-bic ^dekasi'laebik
debenture di'bentja^; ES -'bent/aCr; |-d -d
decathlon di'kaeOlan; ES+-lon
debiUtate di'bibjtet |-tated -^tetid
Decatur di'ket»; ES -'keta(r
debUitation di^bila'teXan
decay di'ke |-cayed -'ked
debility di'bibti
Deccan 'dekan
debit 'debit | debited 'debitid
decease di'sis |-s -iz |-d -t
debonair, -aire jdebaWr, -'naer; E -'nE3(r,
decedent di'sidnt
ES -'naB3(r
deceit di'sit |-ful -fal [-fully -fah
Deborah 'debsra
deceive di'siv |-ceived -'sivd
debouch di'buj |-es -iz [-ed -t
decelerate di'selajret [-rated -^retid
debris, de- da'bri, 'debri, Brit 'debri
deceleration di^selaVe/an, jdisela-
Debs debz |-'s -iz
December di'semba^; ES -'s£mba(r
debt del [debtor 'deta^; ES 'detaCr
decemvir di'semva'; ES -'s£mva(r; [-s
-z [-i
debunk di'bAgk |-ed -t
-^ai
De Burgh di'bs^g; ES -'bsg, -'byg
decemvirate di'semvarit, -jtet, -vrit
Debussy da'bjusi, -'biu- {Fr daby'si)
decency 'disnsi [decent Misnt
debut di'bju, de-, -'biu, 'debju, -biu |-ed -d
decennial di'semal [-ly -i
{Fr de'by)
decenter, -tre di'senta^; ES -'s£nta(r; [-(e)d -d
debutante idebju'tant 'debja^taEnt
|-(r)ing -'sentarig, -'sentrig
decade 'deked, dek'ed
decentralization ^disentrala'zejan, dijsen-.
decadence di'kedns, 'dekadans |-cy -i |-dent
-ai'z-
di'kednt, 'dekadant
decentralize di'sentral^aiz |-s -iz [-d -d
decagon 'dekajgan; ES+-jgDn
deception di'sep/an |-tive -tiv
decagram, -mme 'deka^graem
decibel 'desa^bel
decahedral jdeka'hidral
decide di'said [-cided -'saidid
decahedron jdeka'hidran |-s -z [-dra -dra
deciduous di'sidsuas
decalcify di'kaelsa^fai |-fied -^faid
decigram, -mme 'desajgriem
decalescence jdika'lesns |-scent -snt
decile, -il 'desil
decaliter, -tre 'dekajita^; ES -jlita(r
deciliter, -tre 'desajlita'; ES -jlita(r
Decalogue, -log 'deka^bg, -\ag, -jlog
decillion di'siljan j-th -6 [-ths -Os
Decameron di'kaemaran, de-
decimal 'desaml [-ly -i
decameter verse di'kaemata^; ES -'kaemata(r
decimate 'desajmet [-d -id j-tion jdesa'tne/an
decameter, -tre meas. 'dekajmita^; ES -ta(r
decimeter, -tre 'desa^mita^; ES -jmita(r
decamp di'kaemp | -camped -'kaempt
decipher di'saifa^; ES -'saifa(r; j-ed -d
l-ing
de Camp di'kaemp
-'saifario, -'saifrig
decanal 'dekanl, di'keni |-ly -i
decision di'sigan |-al -1
decane 'deken
decisive di'saisiv
decant di'kaent |-ed -id |-er -3^; ES -a(r
decistere 'desa;Stir; ES -^stiaCr
decantation ^dikaen'te/an
Decius 'di/ias, -/as |-'s -iz
decapitate di'kaepa^tet |-tated -^tetid
deck dek [decked dekt j-house -^haus
decapitation dijkaepa'te/an, jdikaepa-
deckle, -ckel 'dekl
decapod 'dekajpad; ES+-jpDd
deckle-edged'dekl'edsdCdeckle-jcdged'bond)
[full ful jtooth tuO [further 'fy'Sa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail jhow hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz jdish di/ [vision Visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
declaim
118
defensible
declaim di^klem |-claimed -'klemd
decurrent di'kyant; ES -'ksr-, -'kAr-, -\3-
declamation ^dEkb'meJan
Dedham 'dedam
declamatory di'klaema^tori, -^tari; S -^tori
dedicate 'deda^ket |-d -id |-tor -»; ES -a(r
declaration jdekb 're/an
dedication /deda^ke/an
declarative di'klaerativ
dedicatory 'dEdakajton, -^tan; S -^toin
declaratory di'kljerajtori, -jtari; S -jtori
deduce di'djus, -'dius, -'dus |-s -iz |-d -t
declare di'kler, -'klaer; E -'kle3(r, ES
deducibility di^djusa'bilati, -jdius-, -^dus-
-'klaeaCr; |-d -d |-dly -idli |-r -9-; ES -3(r
deducible di'djusabl, -'dius-, -'dus- |-bly
declension di'kknjan |-al -1 [-ally -k
-bU
declinable di'klainabi
deduct di'dAkt |-ed -id |-ible -abl
declination jdekla'ne/an |-al -1
deduction di'dAkJan j-tive -trv
decline di'kkm |-clined -'kkind
Dee di
declivitous di'klivatas |-ty -ti
dee 'die' di
decoct di'kakt; ES+-'kDkt; |-ed -id
dee 'damn' di |-d -d
decoction di'kak/an; ES + -'kDk-; |-tive -tiv
dee letter di
decode di'kod |-coded -'kodid
deed did [deeded 'didid
decollate di'kakt; ES+-'kDl-; \-d -id
deem dim [deemed dimd
decollete jdekaFte, -kola'te, -kol- (Fr de-
Deems dimz |-'s -iz
kbl'te)
deemster 'dimsta^; ES 'dimsta(r
decolorant di'kAkrant
deep dip
decolorate di'kAk^ret |-rated -jtetid
deepen 'dipan [-ed -d |-ing 'dipanig, 'dipniij
decoloration jdikAlaVeJan
deep-mouthed 'dip'mautid, -et ('deep-
decolorize di'kAb^raiz |-s -iz \-d -d
-mouthed 'bay)
decompose jdikam'poz |-s -iz |-d -d
deep-rooted 'dip'rutid, -'rutid
decomposition jdikampa'zi/an; ES+-kmn-
deep-sea 'dip'si ('deep-'sea jlife)
decompound jdiksm'paund |-ed -id
deep-seated 'dip'sitid ('deep-jseated 'faith)
decompress jdikam'prES |-es -iz j-ed -t
deer dir; ES dia(r, S-fdEa(r, dJEa(r; | -hound
decor de'kar; ES -'kasd; (Fr de\'6:r)
-jhaund |-skin -jskm |-stalking -jStakig
Decorah di'kora, -'kara; S -'kora
Deerfield 'dir.fild; ES 'dia.fild, S+'d£a-,
decorate 'deka^ret |-d -id |-tion jdeka'rejan
'dJEa-
decorative 'dEka^retiv |-tor -ta^; ES -ta(r
deface di'fes |-s -iz j-d -t |-able -abl
decorous 'dekaras, di'koras; EN+-'kDr-
de facto di'faekto
decorum di'koram, -'kar-; S -%orain
defalcate di'faelket, -^fal- |-d -id |-tor -a-; ES
decoy n di'kai, 'dikai
-3(r
decoy v di'kai |-ed -d
defalcation jdifael'kejan, -fal-
decrease n 'dikris, ^di'kris, di- |-s -iz
defamation ^dEfa'meJan, jdi-
decrease v di'kris, jdi- |-s -iz |-d -t ('de-
defamatory di'faemajton, -jtari; S -jtori
jcreased 'buying)
defame di'fem |-famed -'femd
decree di'kri |-creed -'krid
default di'falt |-ed -id
decrement 'dekramant
defeasibility dijfiza'bdati
decrepit di'krepit
defeasible di'fizabl
decrepitude di'krEpajtjud, -jtiud, -^tud
defeat di'fit |-ed -id |-ism -izam |-ist -ist
decrescendo ^dikra'/endo, ^de- (// jdekre-
defecate 'dsfa^ket |-d -id j-tion jdEfa'keJan
'/Endo)
defect di'fEkt, 'difEkt
decretal di'kritl
defection di'fekjan |-tive -trv
decry di'krai |-cried -'kraid |-crial -'kraial
defend di'fEnd |-ed -id |-ant -ant
decumbent di'kAmbant
defense, Brit -ce di'fsns |-s -iz j-sive -iv
decuple 'dekjupl, dek'jupl |-d -d |-ling -plig.
defensibility di;fEnsa'bikti
-pjio
defensible di'tensabl |-bly -bh
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret |}^et jst |sang saeg |angr}- 'ag-gri
|bath baeG; E baO (§10) |ah a Jfar far |watch watf, wot/ (§12) |jaw d^o [gorge gards |go go
defer
119
deleterious
defer di'fs^; ES -'fsCr, -'fy; |-red -d
dehorn di'harn; ES -'haan; |-ed -d
deference 'dsfarans
dehydrate di'haidret |-drated -dretid
deferential jdefa'ren/al |-ly -i
deictic 'daiktik |-al -1 |-ally -ji, -ikli
deferrer di'fya^; ES -'fsraCr, -'fyaCr
deification jdiafa'ke/an
defiance, D- di'faians |-s -iz |-ant -ant
deiform 'diajfarm; ES -jfaam
deficiency di'fi/ansi |-cient -/ant
deify 'diajfai |-fied -^faid
deficit 'defasit, 5n7 + di'fisit
deign den [deigned dend
defier di'faia^; ES -'fai'3(r
Dei gratia 'diai'grejia
defile 'befouV di'fail |-filed -'faild
deU dil
defile 'march o_ff' di'fail, <difail |-d -d
Deiphobus di'ifabas |-'s -iz
defile n di'fail, 'difail
Deira 'deara
definable di'fainabl |-bly -bli
Deirdre Mirdri, 'derdri; ES 'dia-, 'dea-; Ir
define di'fain | -fined -'faind
'derdre
definition jdefa'nijan
deism 'diizam |-ist -ist
definitive di'finativ
deistic di'istik |-al -1 |-ally -Ii, -ikli
deflate di'flet |-d -id |-flation -'fle/an
deity 'diati
deflationaiy di'fleXanjeri
deject di'd3ekt |-ed -id |-ction -k/an
deflect di'fkkt |-ed -id
dejeune, -ner n 'desa^ne {Fr desoe'ne)
deflection, -flexion di'tlekjan
de jure di'dsuri, -'dsiuri
deflower di'flaua^; ES -'flau-3(r; |-ed -d
De Kalb di'k^lb
Defoe, De Foe di'fo
Dekker 'deka^; ES 'deka
deforce di'fors, -'fors; ES -'foas, E+-
faas;
dekle 'dekl
|-s -IZ |-d -t
De Koven di'kovan
deforest di'forist, -'far-, -'for- |-ed -id
Delafield 'dela.fild
deforestation di^faris'teXan, -^far-, -jfor-
,dif-
Delagoa jdEla'goa ('Delajgoa 'Bay)
deform di'form; ES -'faam; |-ed -d |
-edly
delaine, D- da'len
-idh
de la Mare, D- 'dela/mEr, -jmaer; E -jm8a(r.
deformation jdifor'mejan, jdefa^-; ES jdifaa-.
ES -jmaea(r; acd + jde la 'Mare
jdefa-
Delamere 'dElajmir; ES -jmia(r, S+-jm8a(r
deformity di'formati; ES -'faamati
De Land di'Iaend
defraud di'frad |-ed -id
Deland di'Iaend, Brit tiame 'diland
defray di'fre |-ed -d |-able -abj |-al -al
Delano 'dela^no
defrock di'frak; ES+-'frDk; |-ed -t
De la Pole ^dela'pol
defrost di'frast, -'frost |-ed -id
delate di'let |-lated -'letid
deft dEft
Delavan 'delavan
defunct di'fAgkt
Delaware 'dela^wEr, -^waer; E -jwea(r, ES
defy n di'fai, 'difai
-jW«a(r
defy V di'fai |-fied -'faid
Delawarean idela'werian, -Vaer-; S -'waerian
degenerate adj di'dsenarit, -'dsenrit |
-racy
De La Warr 'dtla^wer -jwaer; E -^weaCr, ES
-rasi, -nrasi
-jWjea(r
degenerate v di'd3enajret |-d -id |-tive -
IV
delay di'Ie |-layed -'led
degeneration dijd3ena'rej'an, jdidsena-
dele 'dill 1 deled 'dilid
deglutinate di'glutn^et, -'gliut- |-d -id
delectable di'lektabj |-bly -bli
deglutition jdiglu'tijan, -gliu-
delectation jdlkk'te/an, dijlek'te/an
degrade di'gred |-d -id |-dation ^dEgra'c
ejan
delegate ti 'dela^get, 'delagit j-gacy -gasi
degree di'gri |-d -d
delegate v 'debjget |-d -id |-tion jdela'ge/an
De Groot da'grot=Grotius
de Lesseps da'ksaps {Fr dale'ssps) j-'s -iz
degum dl'gAm | -gummed -'gAmd
delete di'lit |-leted -'litid |-letion -'li/an
dehisce di'his |-s -iz |-d -t |-nce -ns |-nt
-nt
deleterious jdela'tirias
|full ful |tooth tuG [further 'fytfa^; ES 'faSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz jdish dij" [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
delft
120
democratic
delft, D- delft |-ware -iwet, -^waer; E
-,vf£3{r, ES -jWaB3(r
Delhi US 'delhai, India 'deh
Delia 'diJja, -ha |-n -n
deliberate adj di'libarit, -brrt
deliberate v di'liba^ret |-d -id |-tion dijiba-
'refan
deliberative di'Iiba^retiv |-tor -ta^; ES -t3(r
delicate 'debkat, -kit |-cacy -kasi
delicatessen jdelaka'tesn
delicious di'li/as
delight di'lait |-ed -id |-ful -fal |-fully -fall
Delilah di'laila
delimit diUimit |-ed -id
delimitation dijima'te/an, jdllima-
delineate di'linijct |-d -id |-tion dijiiu'e/an
delineative di'lini^etiv |-tor -ta^; ES -ta(r
delinquency di'hgkwansi |-quent -kwant
deliquesce ^dela'kwes |-s -iz |-d -t
deliquescence jdela'kwesns |-cent -snt
delirium diUiriam |-s -z |-ria -ria |-rious -rias
Delisle, De I'lsle US di'lail, Fr name da'lil
Dehtzsch 'dehtj |-'s -iz
DeUus 'dihas |-'s -iz
dehver di'hva^; ES -'liva(r; |-ed -d |-ing
-'hvario. -'hvriij |-ance -varans, -vrans
deliverer di'Iivara^, -'Iivra^; ES -ra(r; |-very
-\9TI, -vri
dell, D- del | Delia 'dela
Delia Robbia ^dela'rabia, -'rob- (It jdella-
'robbja)
Delmarva dei'marva; ES -'ma:va, E+
-'ma:va
Delmonico dermanijko, -'mon-
Delos 'dilas, -Ids |-'s -iz
delouse di'laus, -'lauz |-s -iz |-d -t, -d
Delphi 'delfai |-phian -fian |-phic -fik
delphinium, D- derfiniam |-s -z
Delphos 'delfas, -fas, -fos |-'s -iz
DelRio del'rio
Delsarte del'sart; ES -'sa:t, E+-'sa:t
del Sarto, Andrea 'andriadel'sarto; ES
-'sa:to, E+-'sa:to; (li an'dreradel'sarto)
delta, D- 'delta |-ic del'te-ik |-toid 'deltoid
delude di'lud, -'liud |-d -id
deluge 'deljuds |-s -iz |-d -d
delusion di'lusan, -'liusan
delusive di'lusiv, -'lius- |-sory -sari
de luxe di'luks, -'Uks (Fr da'lyks)
delve delv [delved delvd
demagnetization jdimaegnata'zejan, di^mjeg-,
-ai'z-
demagnetize di'maegna^taiz |-s -iz |-d -d
demagogic jdema'gadsik, -'gDd5-, -'gag-,
-'gDg- |-al -1 !-ally -li, -ikli
demagogism 'demaigagizam, -/gag-, -^gog-
demagogue, -gog 'dema^gag, -jgag, -^gug
|-guery -an, -n
demagogy 'demajgodsi, -^gagi, -jgagi, -,gDgi
demand di'maend; E+-'inaiid, -'mand; |-ed
-id
demarcate di'raarket, 'dimar^ket; ES -a:k-,
E+-a:k-; |-d -id
demarcation jdimar'kejan; ES -ma:'k-, E+
-ma:'k-
Demas 'dimas |-'s -iz
dematerialize jdima'tirialjaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
demean di'tnin |-ed -d |-or -a-; ES -a(r
dement di'ment |-ed -id |-ia -'menjia, -fa
demerit di'ment |-ed -id
demesne di'men, -'min |-nial -lal
Demeter di'mita^; ES -'mita(r
Demetrius di'mitrias |-'s -iz
demigod 'demajgad, -igod
demijohn 'dema^dsan, -td^nn
demihtarize di'milatajraiz |-s -iz |-d -d
demimondaine ^demiman'den, -mon- (Fr
damimo'den)
demimonde 'demi^mand, -jmond, jdemi'm-
(Fr dami'mord)
Deming 'demig
demirep 'deim^rep
demise di'maiz |-s -iz |-d -d
demisemiquaver jdemi'semajkweva^; ES
-(kweva(r
demission di'mi/an |-ary -jeri
demit m di'mit, 'dimit
demit v di'mit |-ted -id
demitasse 'dema/tses, -jtas (Fr dami'ta:s)
demitint 'demi^tint
demiurge 'demij^ds; ES -isdj, -j^ds; |-s -iz
demobilization jdimobla'zefan, di^mobla-,
-ai'z-
demobilize di'mobljaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
democracy da'makrasi; ES+-'mDk-
democrat, D- 'demajkraet
democratic jdema'kraetik [-al -1 |-ally -|i,
-ikb
Key: See hi full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wat/, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gardj |go go
demooratize
121
denote
democratize da^makra^taiz; ESH—'mok-s l-s
demurrer 'objection' di'mya*} ES -'m3r3(r,
-iz |-d -d
-Wr-, -'ma^aCr
Democritus di^makritss; ES+'Wok-; |-'s -iz
demy di'mai
Demogorgon jdims^gorgdn, jdems-; ES
den den | denned dend
-'gDagsn
denarius di'nerias, -'ner- [-s -iz |-rii -riiai
demography diWagrsfi, di-, -'mng-
denary 'denari, 'dinari
demoiselle jdemwa'zel {Fr damwa'zel)
denationalize diW/anj^aiz, -/nal- l-s -iz
demolish diWali/; ES+-'mDl-; |-es -iz j-ed -t
l-d-d
demolition jdema'li/an, jdlma-
denaturahzation dljnaet/rala'ze/an, -ai'z-
demon 'dimsn
denaturalize di'naet/raljaiz, -tjaral- \-s -iz
demonetization dijinanats^zcjan, -^mAn-,
l-d-d
-ai'z-; ES+-jmDn-
denaturant di'net/arant
demonetize di'manajtaiz, -'mAn-; ES+
denature di'net/a^; ES -tja(r; [-d -d [-ring
-'mon-; |-s -iz |-d -d
-'net/anrj, -'net/rig
demoniac diWoni^sek
Denbigh 'denbi |-shire -Ju, -/a^; ES -Jia(r,
demoniacal jdima'naiakl |-ly -i, -akh
-/3(r
demonic di'manik; ES+-'mDn-; |-al -1
dendrite 'dendrait
demonism 'dimdnjizsm |-ist -ist
dendroid 'dendroid |-al den'draidj
demonolater jdiman'abta^ ; ES -'abtaCr,
dendrology den'draladsi; ES+-'drDl-
-'d1-; |-try -tri |-logy -ladsi
Deneb 'deneb
demonstrability ^demanstra'bilati, di^man-
dengue 'deggi, 'degge
stra-; ES+'^mnn-
Denham 'denam
demonstrable 'dEmanstrabI, di^manstrs-;
denial di'naial, -'nail |-able -'naiabl
ES+-'mDn-; l-bly-bh
denier 'contradicter' di'naia^; ES -'nai-acr
demonstrant di'manstrant; ES+-'mDn-
denier coin da'nir; ES -'nia(r; {Fr da'nje)
demonstrate 'deman^stret |-strated -^stretid
denigrate 'dena^gret |-grated -^gretid
demonstration jdeman'stre/an
denim 'denam, 'demm
demonstrative di'manstrativ; ES+-'mDn-; in
Denis 'denis |-'s -iz {Fr da'ni)
sense '^/joie'y'+'dEmanjStretiv
Denise da'niz |-'s -iz
demonstrator 'demanjStreta' ; ES -jstret3(r
Denison 'denasn
demoralization di^marala'ae/an, -^mar-.
denitrate di'naitret |-trated -tretid
-iinior-, -ai'z-
denizen 'denazn |-ed -d
demorahze di'moraljaiz, -'mar-, -'mor- |-s -iz
Denmark 'denmark; ES -mark, E+-ma:k
l-d-d
Dennis 'denis |-'s -iz
De Morgan di'margan; ES -'maagan
Dennison 'denasn
demos Mimas, -mns |-mi -mai
Denny 'deni |-s -s |-s's -siz
Demosthenes di'masOa/niz, -'mos- |-'s -iz
denominate adj di'namanit, -jnet; ES+
demote di'mot |-moted -'motid |-tion -'mo/an
-'nom-
demotics di'matiks; ES+-'mDt-
denomination di^nama'nejan; ES+-jnDm-;
demount di'maunt |-able -abj
|-al -I, -Jnal |-ally -li, -/nali j-alism -l^izam,
dempster 'dempsta^; ES -sta(r
-/nal-
demulcent di'mAlsnt
denominative di'nama^netiv, -nativ; ES+
demur di'my; ES -'m3(r, -'my; ]-red -d
-'nom-
demure di'mjur, -'miur; ES -'mjuaCr,
denominator dt'namajnet»; ES-'nama^netaCr,
-'miua(r
-'nnm-
demurrage di'm^ids; ES -'msr-, -'mAr-,
denotation jdino'te/an
-'my-
denotative di'notativ, esp. in contrast with
demurrer 'objector^ di'ms^; ES -'m3ra(r.
connotative 'dino^tetiv
-'myacr
denote di'not |-noted -'notid
|full ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fy'Ss'; ES 'fatSa |custom 'kAstam |while hwail jhow hau [toy tai
I using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, imz |dish di/ | vision 'vijan [Eden 'idi^i |cradk 'kredj jkeep 'em 'kipifi
denouement
122
deputation
denouement de'numa {Fr denu'ma)
deplorable di'plorab}, -'pbr-; S -'plor-; |-bly
denounce di'nauns |-s -iz |-d -t
-bh
de novo di'novo
deplore di'plor, -'pbr; ES -'plo3(r, E+
dense dens | density 'densati
-'pb3(r; l-d -d
dent d£nt | dented 'dentid
deploy di'pbi |-ed -d
dental 'denti |-ly -i
deplume di'plum, -'plium |-d -d
dentate 'dentet |-tated -tetid |-tion den'tejan
depolarization jdipobra'zejan, di^pol-, -ai'z-
denticulate adj den'tikjalit, -^let |-d -id
depolarize di'pobjraiz |-s -iz |-d -d
dentifrice 'dentajfris |-s -iz
depone di'pon |-d -d |-nt -ant
dentilabial ^denti'lebial
depopulate di'papjajlet; ES-i--'pDp-; ]-d -id
dentin 'dentin | dentine 'dentin, -tax
depopulation jdipapja'le/an, dijpap-; ES+
dentist 'dentist |-ry -ri
-np-
dentition den'ti/an
deport di'port, -'part; ES -'peat, E+-'poat;
Denton 'dentan
|-ed -id
denture 'dentja^; ES 'dentJaCr; |-ral -al
deportation jdipor'te/an, -par-; ES -poa-,
denudation jdinju'dejan, jden-, -niu-, -nu-
E+-paa-
denude di'njud, -'mud, -'nud |-d -id
deportee jdipor'ti, -par-; ES -poa-, E-^-paa-
denunciate di'nAnsi^et, -/i- |-d -id j-tive -iv
deportment di'portmant, -'part-; ES -'poat-.
denunciation dijnAnsi'efan, -Ji'e/an
E+-'paat-
denunciatory di'nAnsia^tori, -Ji-, -itari; S
depose di'poz |-s -iz |-d -d |-sal -1
-jtori
deposit, D- di'pazit; ES+-'pDz-; |-ed -id
Denver 'denva'; ES 'denv3(r
depositary di'paza^teri; ES+-'pDZ-
deny di'nai [denied di'naid
deposition ^depa'zi/an, jdi-
Denys 'denis |-'s -iz {Fr da'ni)
depositor di'pazita^; ES -'pazita(r, -'pnz-
deodand 'dis^daend
depository di'pazajtori, -jtari; S -^tori.
deodar 'disjdar; ES -jda:(r, E+-jda:(r
ES+-'pDZ-
deodorant di'odarant
depot 'dipo, Brit usually 'depo
deodorize di'odajraiz |-s -iz |-d -d
depravation jdepra've/an
Deo gratias 'dio'grefijaes
deprave di'prev |-d -d |-pravity -^praevati
Deo volente 'diovo'lenti
deprecate 'depra^ket |-d -id |-tive -iv
deoxidize di'aksajdaiz; ES+-'Dks-; |-s -iz
deprecation jdepra'ke/an
l-d-d
deprecatory 'deprakajtori, -jtari; S -jtori
depart di'part; ES -^pa:t, E+-'pa:t; |-ed -id
depreciable di'prijiabj
|-ment -mant
depreciate di'pri/ijct |-ated -^etid
departmental dispart 'mentl, jdipart-; ES
depreciation di^pri/i'ejan
-a:t-, E+-a:t-; |-ly -i
depreciative di'pri/ijetiv [-tor -ta^; ES -ta(r
departure di'part/a^; ES -'pa:tj3(r, E+ -'part-
depreciatory di'prij'ia^tori, -jtari; S -,toTi
depend di'pend |-ed -id
depredate 'depri^det |-d -id |-tor -a^; ES -a(r
dependability dijpenda'bilati
depredation ^depri'de/an
dependable di'pendabl |-bly -bh
depress di'pres |-es -iz |-ed -t |-ant -nt
dependence di'pendans [-cy -i
depression di'prejan |-sive -'presiv
dependent, -ant di 'pendant
deprival di'praivl
Depere di'pir; ES -'pi3(r
deprivation jdepra've/an
Depew di'pju, -'piu
deprive di'praiv |-prived -'praivd
depict di'pikt j-ed -id
de profundis ;dipra'fAndis
depiction di'pik/an |-ture -tja^; ES -tX3(r
Deptford 'detfyd; ES 'detfad
depilate 'depa^let |-lated -Jetid
depth depG |-ths -Os
depilatory di'pibjtori, -jtari; S -jtori
Depue di'pju, -'piu
deplete di'plit |-d -id |-tion -'pli/an
deputation jdepja'te/an
Key; See in full §§3^7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang ssg [angry 'aeg-gri
[bath baee; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far [watch wat/, wot/ (§12) jjaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
depute
123
despair
depute di'pjut, -'pnit [-d -id
Descartes de'kart; ES -'ka:t, E+-'ka:t; (Fr
deputize 'dEpja^taiz |-s -iz |-d -d |-ty -ti
de'kart, de-)
De Quincey, -cy di'kwinsi
descend di'send |-ed -id |-ible, -able -abl
derail di'rel | -railed -Veld
descendant n, adj di'sendant
derange di 'rends |-s -iz |-d -d
descendent adj di'sendant
Derby Engd 'darbi, 'dybi; Am races 'dybi.
descent di'sent
less freq. 'darbi; Eng races 'darbi; US
Deschamps Fr de'/a, de-
places 'dybi; ES 'da:bi, 'dabi, 'dybi.
Deschutes de'/ut
E+'da:bi; |-shire -Jir, -JV; ES -jJiaCr, -Ja(r
describable di'skraibabl |-bly -bli
— The Brit pron. of all these is 'da:bi, 'darbi,
describe di'skraib |-scribed -'skraibd
less freq. 'dabi, 'dybi.
description di'skripjan |-tive -tiv
derby 'dybi; ES 'dabi, 'dybi; Brit 'da:bi,
descry di'skrai |-scried -'skraid
'darbi
Desdemona jdezda'mona
derelict 'dera^Iikt |-ction idera'hkjan
desecrate 'desi^kret |-crated -^kretid
deride di'raid |-rided -'raidid
desecration jdESi'kreJan
de rigueur Fr dari'gceir
desensitization ^disensata'zejan, di^sen-.
derision di'risan | -risible di'nzabl
-ai'z-
derisive di'raisiv |-sory -sari
desensitize di's£nsajtaiz [-s -iz |-d -d
derivable di'raivabl |-bly -bli
desert 'merit' di'za^t; ES -'zat, -'za't
derivation jdera've/an
desert 'a waste' 'deza^t; ES 'dezat
derivative da'rivativ
desert 'abandon' di'za^t; ES -'zat, -'zyt; j-ed
derive da'raiv | -rived -'raivd
-id
derma 'd^ma; ES 'dsma, 'dyma
desertion di'zaj'an; ES -'zaj-, -'zaj"-
dermatitis jdyma'taitis; ES jdama-, jdyma-
deserve di'zs^v; ES -'zav, -'za^v; |-d -d j-dly
dermatological jds^mata'ladsikl; ES ^dsma-.
-idli
jds^ma-, -'lods-
deshabille ^deza'bil, c/ i^r deshabille dezabi'je
dermatology ^dyma'taladsi; ES jdama-.
&° Eng dishabille
jdyma-, -'tol-; -gist -dsist
desiccant 'desakant
dermis 'dymis; ES 'damis, 'dymis
desiccate 'dEsa^ket |-d -d |-tive -iv
Dermott 'da'mat; ES 'damat, 'dymat
desiderate di'sida^ret |-rated -itetid
Derna 'dema; ES 'deana
desideratum di^sida'retam |-rata -'reta
dernier 'da'^nia^; ES 'dam«a(r, 'dyn-; {Fr
design di'zam | -signed -'zaind |-edly -idli
der'nje)
designate adj 'dezignit, 'd£s-, -^net
dewier cri Fr dEmje'kri
designate v 'dezig^net, 'des- |-d -id
dernier ressort Fr dernjera'sb'ir
designation jdezig'tie/an, jdes-
derogate 'dera^get |-gated -igetid
designative 'dezigjuetiv, 'd£S-
derogation jdera'ge/an
designee jdezig'ni, jd£S-
derogative di'ragativ, -'rng-
desirabiUty di^zaira'bilati
derogatory di'taga^tori, -'rng-, -itari; S
desirable di'zairabl |-bly -bli
-jtori; |-rily -rah
desire di'zair; ES di'zaia(r; |-d -d |-dly -idh
Deronda da'randa; ES-h-'ron-
|-rous -as
derrick, D- 'derik |-ed -t
desist di'zist |-ed -id |-ance -ans |-ive -iv
derring-do 'derig'du
desk d£sk |desked deskt
derringer, D- 'dermdsa^; ES -dsaCr
Des Moines di'main, -'mainz |-'s -z, -nziz
Derry 'den
desolate adj 'deslit
dervish 'dyvij*; ES 'dav-, 'dyv-; |-es -iz
desolate v 'desj^et |-d -id |-tor -a^; ES -a(r
Derwent 'da^want, -went; ES 'da-, 'da'-
De Soto di'soto, -'sota
descant n 'deskaent
despair di'sper, -'spaer; E -'spea(r, ES
descant v des'kaent, di'skaent [-ed -id
-'spaea(r; |-ed -d
|full ful |tooth tu9 [further 'fa's*; ES 'fatSa |custom 'kAStam [while hwail |how hau |toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kred} [keep 'em 'klpm
(iesnatch
124
deviate
despatch di'spaetj 1-es -iz 1-ed -t= dispatch
deteriorate di'tiriS/ret |-rated -jretid
desperado ^despa'tedo
deterioration di/tiriaVeJan
desperate ^desprit, -pant |-tion jdesps 're/an
determinable di'ts'imnab}; ES -'tam-, ■
'tsm-;
despicable Mespikib}, less freq. di'spikab)
l-bly -bli
l-bly -bh
determinant di'ts'manant; ES -'tsm-,
-'tym-
despise di'spaiz |-s -iz |-d -d |-dness -idnis
determinate adj di't^manit; ES
-'t3m-,
despite di'spait |-d -id |-ful -fal | -fully -fall
-'t3^m-; n -nit, -/net
Des Plaines des'plenz (Fr de'plen)
determination dijts'ma'nejan; ES
-/tsm-.
despoil di'spail |-ed -d
-/tym-
despoliation dijSpoli'eXan
deternune di'tymin; ES -'tam-, -'ts'm-
; l-d -d
despond di'spand, -'spend |-ed -id |-€nce
|-dly -dli, -idli |-nism -/izam |-nist
-ISt
-ans |-ency -ansi |-ent -ant
deterrent di'tsrant, -'ter-; ES -'tsr-,
-'tAr-,
despot 'despat, -pat; ES-t--pDt
-'ty-, -'tEr-
despotic di'spatik; ES+-'spnt-; |-al -1 |-ally
detest di'tESt |-ed -id |-able -abl |-bly
-bh
-h l-ly -h
detestation /ditEs'te/an
despotism 'despatiizam
dethrone di'Sron, di- |-d -d
despumate di'spjumet, -'spiu-, 'despjujinet
de Tocqueville di'takvil, -'tok- (Fr datak'vil)
l-d -id
detonate 'dEtan/ct, -ton- |-d -id |-tor
-3-; ES
desquamate 'deskwa^met |-mated -^metid
-a(r
dessert di'zyt; ES -hst, -Wt; |-spoon -jspun,
detonation /dEta'ne/an, -to-
-/Spun
detour 'ditur, di'tur |-ed -d
de Stijl da'stil
detract di'traekt |-ed -id j-or -^; ES -
a(r
destination jdestaW/an
detraction di'traek/an |-tory -tan
destine 'destin |-d -d |-tiny -tani
detrain di'tren |-trained -'trend
destitute 'd£st9/tjut, -jtiut, -^tut |-d -id
detriment 'dEtramant
destitution jdesta'tju/an, -'tiu-, -'tu-
detrimental /dEtra'mEntl |-ly -i
destroy di'strai |-ed -d |-er -3-; ES -a(r
detrition di'tn/an
destructibility di^strAkta'bilati
detritus di'traitas
destructible di'strAktabl
Detroit di'trait |-er -^; ES -a(r
destruction di'strAk/an |-tive -trv
de trop Fr da'tro
destructivity jdistrAk'tivati, di^strAk'trv-
Deucahon dju'kehan, dm-, du-, -Ijan
desuetude 'deswi^tjud, -^tiud, -jtud
deuce djus, dius, dus |-s -iz [d -id.
-t l-dly
desulphurize di'sAlfa^raiz, -fja- |-s -iz |-d -d
-idh
desultory 'desj/ton, -/tan; S -/ton; |-rily
Deuel 'djual, 'dmal, 'dual
•
-rail, -nil
deus ex machina 'dias/Eks'maekma
detach di'taetj" |-es -iz [-ed -t |-edly -idh
deuterium dju'tinam, diu-, du-
detachabihty di/taet/a'bibti
Deuteronomy /djuta'ransmi, jdiu-,
/du-;
detachable di'taetjabl |-bly -bli
ES-^-'ron-
detail n 'ditel, di'tel
Deutsches Reich Ger 'daytjas'raix
detail v di'tel [-ed -d |-edly -idh
Deutschland Gcr 'doytj/lant
detain di'ten |-ed -d
De Valera dava'iera, -'kra, -'lira
detect di'tekt 1-ed -id |-able -abl |-bly -bli
devaluate di'vaelju/et |-ated -/Ctid
detection di'tek/an |-tive -tiv |-tor -ta^; ES
devaluation /divaelju'efan
-ta(r
devastate 'dEvaS/tet |-tated -/tetid
detent di'tEnt
devastation /dEvas'tefan
detention di 'ten/an
develop di'vslap |-ed -t
deter di'ty; ES -'t3(r, -'ty; [-red -d
De Vere di'vir; ES -'via(r
deterge di'tyds; ES -'tsdj, -'tyds; [-s -iz
Devereux 'dEva/ru, -/riu
|-d -d |-nce -ans |-ncy -ansi |-nt -ant
deviate 'divi/et |-d -id |-tion /dm'e/an
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) Irate ret lyet jet Isang saeg langrj' 'aeg-gn
|bath bsefl; E baB (§10) lah a Ifar far Iwatch watj, wot/ (§12) Ijaw dga Igorge gardj Igo go
device
125
diaper
device diVais |-vices -Vaisiz
dey de
devil 'devl |-ed -d |-ing 'devlig, 'd£v}io
Dhaulagiri jdaula'giri
devilfish 'devl^fij |-'s -iz
dhole dol
deviHsh 'devlij", 'devlij"
dhoti, dhooti 'doti
devil-may-care 'devlmi'ker, -'kaer; E -'k£3(r,
dhow dau
ES -'kae3(r; ('devil-may-jcare 'wit)
diabase 'daia^bes |-sic ^daia'besik
devilment 'devlmant
diabetes jdaia'bitis, -tiz
devilry 'd£vlri | deviltry 'devltri
diabetic ^daia'betik, -'bitik |-al -I
devious 'divias, -vjas
diablerie di'ablari {Fr djabla'ri)
devisable diVaizabj
diabolic jdaia'balik; ES+-'bDl-; |-al -1 |-ally
devise diVaiz |-s -iz |-d -d |-sal -1
-li, -ikli
devisee dijvaiz'i, ^devi'zi (de^vis'ee & de-
diaboHsm dai'aebajlizam
ivis'or)
diachronic jdaia'kranik; ES-|--'krDn-
devisor di'vaiza^, di^vaizbr; ES -3(r, -'D3(r
diacid dai'aesid
devitalization dijvaitla'ze/an, jdivait-, -ai'z-
diaconate dai'aekanit, -^net |-nal -nl
devitalize diVaitj^aiz |-s -iz |-d -d
diacritic jdaia'kritik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikh
Devizes diVaiziz |-zes' -ziz
diadem 'daia^dem |-demed -jdemd
devoice di'vais \-s -iz j-d -t
diaeresis dai'erasis |-eses -ajsiz
devoid di'void
diagnose jdaiag'nos, -'noz |-s -iz j-d -t, -d
devoir daVwar, 'devwar; ES -wa:(r; (Fr
diagnosis jdaiag'nosis |-noses -'nosiz
daVwair)
diagnostic jdaiag'nastik; ES+-'nDS-; |-ally
devolution ^deva'Iu/an, -'liujan, -vl'ju/an
-h, -ikh
devolve diValv, -VdIv |-d -d
diagnostician ^daiagnas'ti/an; ES-i--nDS-
Devon 'devan | Devonian daVonian
diagonal dai'seganl |-ly -i, -'aegnali
Devonport 'dEvanjport, 'devm-, -jport; ES
diagram 'daia^graem |-(m)ed -d
-jpoat, E-t--jp33t
diagrammatic jdaiagra'maetik |-al -1 |-ally
Devonshire 'devan^Xir, -Ja^; ES -jj'i3(r, -/3(r
-h, -ikh
devote diVot |-d -id
dial 'daial, dail |-ed -d
devotee jdeva'ti
dialect 'daia^kkt
devotion di'vojan |-al -1 |-ally -li
dialectal jdaia'kktl |-ly -i
devour di'vaur; ES -Vau3(r; |-ed -d |-ing
dialectic jdaia'kktik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikk
-Vaurio
dialectician ^daiakk'tijan
devout di'vaut
dialectology jdaialek'taladsi; ES+-'tDl-
De Vries da'vris |-'s -iz
dialogist dai'aeladsist
dew dju, dm, du |-ed -d
dialogue, -log 'daiajag, -Jag, -Jog j-d, -ged -d
Dewar 'djua', 'diua^, 'dua^; ES -3(r
dialysis dai'aelasis |-yses -a^siz
dewberry 'dju/beri, 'diu-, 'du-, -ban
dialytic jdaia'litik |-ally -li, -ikli
dewdrop 'djujdrap, 'diu-, 'du-; ES+-jdrDp
diamagnetic /daiamaeg'netik |-ally -li, -ikli
Dewey 'djui, 'diur, 'dui
diamagnetism ydaia'maegnaytizam
Dewitt, De-Witt v di'wit |-ed -id
diameter dai'aemata'; ES -'aemata(r
dewlap 'djujaep, 'diu-, 'du- |-ped -t
diametric jdaia'mEtrik |-al -1 |-ally -h, -ikli
dewy 'djui, 'diui, 'dui
diamond 'daimand, 'daia- |-ed -id — 'daimand
dexter, D- 'deksta^; ES 'dekstaCr
is common from the 16c {often spelt dimond),
dexterity dtks'terati
being found in Slmk., Milton, Pope, Cowper,
dexterous 'dekstras, -taras
Keats, Tennyson.
dextral 'dekstral |-ly -i
Dian 'daian |Diana dai'aena
dextrin 'dekstrin | -trine -trin, -trin
dianthus, D- dai'aenGas |-es -iz
dextrose 'dekstros
diapason jdaia'pezn, -'pesn
dextrous 'dekstras
diaper 'daiapa^; ES 'daiapa(r; |-ed -d
Ifull ful |tooth tu0 Ifurther 'fy'Sa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish di/ [vision 'visan |Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
diaphanous
126
diffract
diaphanous dai'aefanas
diaphone 'daia^fon
diaphonic jdaia'fanik; ES+-'fDn-; |-al -1
diaphoresis jdaiafa'risis
diaphoretic ^daiafa'retik |-al -1
diaphragm 'daiajfraem |-ed -d
diaphragmatic ^daiafrag'maetik |-ally -li,
-ikh
diarchy ^daiarki; ES -a:ki, E+-a:ki
diarist ^daiarist
diarrhea, -rrhoea jdaiaVia
diary 'daiari
Diaspora dai'aespsrs
diastase 'daia^stes
diastole dai^aestaji
diastolic jdais^stalik; ES+-'stDl-
diastrophism dai'^strajfizsm
diathermic jdaia'eymik; ES -'63m-, -'flym-
diathermy 'daia^Oa^mi; ES -jGsmi, -fis^mi
diatom 'daiatam, -jtam; ES+-jtDm
diatomaceous jdaiata 'me/as
diatonic jdaia'tanik; ES+-'tDn-; |-al -I |-ally
-li, -ikk
diatribe 'daia^traib |-tribed -^traibd
Diaz 'dias |-'s -iz
dib dib Idibbed dibd
dibase 'dai^bes |-sic dai'besik
dibble 'dibl |-d -d |-ling 'dibbg, 'diblig
dice dais |diced daist |-'s -iz
dichlorid dai'klond, -'klar-; S -'klor-; |-ride
-raid, -nd
dichotomous dai'katamas; ES+-'kDt-; |-my
-irn
dichromatic jdaikroWaetik |-tism dai'kroma-
jtizam
Dick dik
dickcissel dik^sisl, 'dik^s-
Dickens, d- 'dikinz |-'s -iz |-ian di'kenzian
dicker 'dika^; ES 'dik3(r; |-ed -d |-ing 'dikar-
10, 'dikrig
Dickinson, Dicken- Mikinsn
dicotyledon jdaikatl'idn, daijkat-; ES+-Dt-;
|-ous -'idnas, -'ednas
dictaphone, D- ^dikta^fon
dictate n 'diktet
dictate v 'diktat, dik'tet |-d -id
dictation dik'tejan
dictator 'diktet*, dik'teta^; ES -t3(r; |-ship
dictatorial ^dikta^tonal, -'tar-; S -'tor-;
l-ly -I
dictic 'diktik |-al -1 |-aUy -li, -ikli
diction 'dikjan
dictionary 'dikjan^en, as a Briticism+^Ask-
Janari, -Janri, -Jnan
dictograph, D- 'dikta^graef ; E+-igraf, -jgrof
dictum 'diktam |-s -z |-ta -ta
did did — for Jonns see do
didactic dai'daektik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikh
diddest 'didist — see do
diddle 'didl |-d -d |-Hng 'didhg, 'didlig
Diderot 'didajto {Fr di'dro)
didest 'didist— ^ee do
didn't 'didnt, before some conss.+^AiAn
(jdidn'go) — Tlie pron. ^didant is substand-
ard.
Dido, d- 'daido
didst didst — see do
Didymus 'didamas |-'s -iz
die 'cube' dai \pl dice dais
die Hool' dai \pl dies daiz
die 'expire' dai |died daid
die-hard 'daijhard; ES -jha:d, E+-iba:d
dielectric jdaia'kktrik |-al -1 [-ally -li, -ikli
Dieman, van vaen'diman
Dieppe di'ep {Fr djep)
dieresis dai'erasis |-eses -a^slz
dies 'expires,' 'colors,' 'tools' daiz
dies 'day' 'daiiz
Dies, Martin daiz \-& -iz
Diesel 'dizl, 'disl
Dies Irae 'daiiz'airi
diet 'daiat |-ed -id |-ary 'daiajtsn
dietetic idaia't8tik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
dietician ^daia'tijan |-titian -'ti/an
differ 'difa^; ES -fa(r; |-ed -d |-ing ^drfng,
'difarig
difference 'difrans, 'difa^ns, 'difarans; ES
-frans, -far-, -fans; |-s -iz |-nt -nt
differentia jdifa'ren/ia |-tiae -Ji^I
differential jdifa'ren/al |-ly -i
differentiate jdifa'rEn/ijCt j-ated -^etid
differentiation jdifajrEnJi'eJan
difficile ^AiW^W, formerly di'fisl
difficult 'difa.kAlt, 'difakalt, -kit
difficulty 'difa^kAlti, -kalti, -klti
diffidence 'difadans |-dent -dant
diffract di'fraekt |-ed -id |-ction -k/an
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet J£t jsang saeg langry 'jeg-gri
|bath baeG; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watj, wntj (§12) |jaw d^o [gorge gards |go go
diffuse
127
Oionysian
diffuse, adj di'fjus, -'fius
diluvial di'luvial, -'hu- |-an -an
diffuse V di'fjuz, -'fiuz |-s -iz [-d -d |-dly -idli
dim dim | dimmed dimd
diffusibility di^fjuza'bibti, -^fiuz-
dime daim
diffusible di'fjuzabl, -'fiuz- |-bly -bk
dimension da'menjan |-ed -d ]-al -1 |-ally -h
diffusion di'fjusan, -'fiu- |-sive -siv
dimeter 'dimata^; ES 'dimata(r
dig dig [past 6" pptc dug dAg, or arch, digged
diminish da'mini/ |-es -iz |-ed -t
digd
diminuendo da^minju'Endo
digamma dai'gasma
diminution ^dima'njujan, -'luu-, -'nu-
digest n 'daidjEst
diminutive da'minjativ
digest V da'dsest, dai'dsest |-ed -id
dimissory 'dimajsori, da'misari; EN+-iS3ri
digestibility dajdsesta'bilati, dai-
dimity 'dimati
digestible da'dsestabl, dai- |-bly -bh
Dimmesdale 'dimzdel
digestion da'dsest/an, dai- |-gestive -^sestiv
Dimond 'daimand
digger 'diga^; ES "dig3(r; |digging 'digiQ
dimorphism dai'marfizam; ES -'maaf-
Diggory 'digari
dimple 'dimpl |-d -d |-ling 'dimphij, -plig
dight dait \past & pptc dight dait, or dighted
din dm | dinned dind
'daitid
Dinah 'daina
Dighton 'daitn
dinar di'nar; ES -'na:(r
digit 'didsit l-al -I |-ally -h
dine dam [dined daind
digitalin jdidsa'telin
ding dig [dinged digd
digitalis jdidsa'tehs, -'taelis
dingdong 'dig^dag, -jdng; S+-jdag; |-ed -d
digitate adj 'didsa^tet |-d -id
dinghy, -gey, -gy Miggi
digitigrade 'didsita^gred |-ism -gred^izam
dingle 'diggl |-d -d [-Hng 'digghg, -glig
dignify 'digna^fai |-fied -^faid
dingo Miggo
dignitary 'digna^ten
dingy 'dinghy' 'diggi
dignity 'dignati
dingy 'dusky' 'dind3i
digraph 'daigraef; E+-graf, -graf
dinkey, -ky 'digki
digress da'gres, dai- |-es -iz |-ed -t
Dinmont, d- Minmant, -mant; ES+-mDnt
digression da'gre/an, dai- |-sive -'gresiv
dinner 'dma^; ES Mina(r
dihedral dai'hidral |-dron -dran
dinnerware 'dma^^wEr, -jwaer; E 'dinajW£a(r,
Dijk, van vaen'daik
ES -jwaea(r
Dijon 'disan, -3Dn, di'3- {Fr di'30)
dinosaur 'dama^sar; ES -jsaa(r
dike daik |-d -t
Dinosauria jdama'saria |d-n jdaina'sarian
dilantin dai'laentin
dinosaurus jdama'saras |-rai -rai
dilapidate da'Iaepajdet |-dated -^detid
dinothere 'daina/Gir; ES -jGia(r
dilapidation dajaepa'dejan
Dinotherium ^dama'Giriam
dilatation jdila'te/an, jdaila-
dint dint [dinted 'dintid
dilate dai'let, di- |-d -id |-Iation -Uejan
Dinwiddle din'widi, 'dinwidi
dilatory 'dilajfori, -jtari; S -jtori; |-rily -rah.
diocesan dai'asasn, 'daia^sisn; ES+-^ds-
-nil
diocese Maia^sis |-s -iz
dilemma da'kma
Diodes 'daia/kliz |-'s -iz
dilettante ^dila'taenti |-ism -tiiizam |-tism
Diocletian jdaia'kUJan
-'taentizam
Diodorus jdaia'doras, -'dar-; S -'dor-; |-'s -iz
diligence 'dilad3ans [-s -iz j-gent -d5ant
Diogenes dai'ad3ajniz; ES+-'Dd3-; |-'s -iz
dill dil
Diomed 'daiajinEd |-mede -^mid
Dillon Milan
Diomedes jdaia'midiz |-des' -diz
dillydally 'dih^daeli [-ied -d
Dion 'daian
diluent 'diljuant
Dionysia jdaia'tujia, -sia |-iac -'nisijaek
dilute di'lut, -'hut |-d -id |-tion -J*an
Dionysian jdaia'nijan, -'nisian
[full ful [tooth tu6 [further 'fySa^; ES 'fatJa jcustom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Dionysius
128
disclaim
Dionysius jdaia'nijias, -'nisias |-'s -iz
Dionysus ^daia'naisas |-sus' -sas
Dionyza ^daia'naiza
diopter dai'apta'; ES -'apt3(r, -^op-
dioptric dai'aptrik; ES+-'Dp-; |-s -s
diorama jdaia'rfemd, -'rama
diorite 'daid^rait
Dioscuri jdais'skjurai, -'skiu- |-rian -nan
dioxide dai'aksaid, -id; ES+-'Dks-; |-id -id
dip dip [dipped dipt
diphase 'dai,fez [-phasic dai'fezik
diphosgene dai'fasdsin; ES+-'fDS-
diphtheria dif'Giria, dip-; S+-'eEr-; |-1 -1
diphtheretic jdifGa'retik, ^dip- |-ally -ji, -ikli
diphthong 'difOag, 'dip-, -Gng |-ed -d
diphthongal dif'flaggl, dip-, -'63gl, -'eog-
J-ly-i
diphthongization jdifGDga'zeJan, jdip-,
-ODgga-, -Gng-, -ai'z-
diphthongize 'dif63gjaiz, 'dip-, -Oag^gaiz,
-Gog- |-s -iz |-d -d
diplococcus idipb'kakas; ES-^-'kok-; |-ci
-ksai
diploma di'ploma |-s -z |-ed -d |-cy -si
diplomat 'dipbjmaet |-ist di'plomatist
diplomatic jdipb'maetik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
dipody 'dipadi
dipolar dai'pola^; ES -'pol3(r; [-pole 'dai^pol
dipper 'dipa-; ES 'dip3(r
dipsomania jdipss'menid [-maniac -'menijaek
dipterous 'diptaras
dire dair; ES dai3(r
direct da'rekt, dai- [-ed -id [-ive -iv
direction da'rek/an, dai- [-al -j [-ally -li
director da'rekta^, dai-; ES -t3(r; |-ate -it
[-ship - Jip
directorial da^rEk'torial, jdairek-, -'tar-; S
-'tor-; [-ly -i
directory da'rektari, -'rektri
directress da'rektris, dai- |-es -iz
directrix da'rektriks, dai- [-es -iz \for any that
desire it -trices jdairck'traisiz
direful 'dairfal; ES 'daiafal; [-ly -i
dirge dydj; ES dsdj, dyds; [-s -iz [-d -d
dirigibihty jdiradsa'bilati
dirigible 'diradsabj, Brit + di'ridgabl
dirk, D- dyk; ES dsk, ds^k; |-ed -t
dirt dyt; ES dst, dyt; [-ed -id |-y -i [-ied -id
l-ily -li, -ih
Dis dis [-'s -IZ
disability jdisa'bilati
disable dis'ebl, diz- [-d -d
disabuse jdisa'bjuz, -'biuz (-s -iz [-d -d
disaccord ^disa'kard; ES -'kaad; [-ed -id
disaccustom ;disa'kAstam [-ed -d
disadvantage jdisad'vaentids; E-f-'van-,
-'van-; [-s -iz [-d -d
disadvantageous dis^aedvan'tedsas, jdisaed-
van-
disafifect jdisa'fekt |-ed -id [-ction -k/an
disagree jdisa'gri [-d -d [-able -abl [-bly -bli
disallow jdisa'lau [-ed -d [-ance -ans
disannul jdisa'nAl [-led -d
disappear ^disa'pir; ES -'pia(r, S-i--'pEa(r,
-'pi£a(r; [-ed -d |-ance -ans [-ances -ansiz
disappoint jdisa'paint [-ed -id [-ment -mant
disapprobation jdisaepra 'be/an, dis,aepra-
disapprove ;disa'pruv [-d -d [-val -vl
disarm dis 'arm, diz-; ES -'a:m, E+-'a:m; |-ed
-d [-ament -amant
disarrange jdisa'rends [-$ -iz |-d -d
disarray ^disa're |-ed -d
disaster diz'aesta^; ES -'aesta(r, E-h-'as-,
-'as-; j-trous -tras
disavow jdisa'vau [-ed -d |-edly -idle |-al -al
disband dis'baend [-ed -id
disbar dis'bor; ES -'ba:(r, E-f--'ba:(r; [-red -d
disbark dis'bark; ES -'ba:k, E-i--'ba:k; [-ed -t
disbeheve jdisba'liv |-d -d |-lief -'lif
disburden dis'bydn; ES -'bsdn, -'bydn;
l-ed-d
disburse dis'bs's; ES -'bss, -'bys; |-s -iz
J-d-t
disc disk
discard n 'diskard; ES -ka:d, E-h-kaid
discard v dis'kard; ES -'ka:d, E-i--'ka:d; |-ed
-id
discern di'zyn, -'s3^n; ES -sn, -yn; |-ed -d
|-ible -abl [-bly -bli
discharge dis't/ardj; ES -'tjaids, E-i-
-'tjaids; [-S -iz [-d -d
disciple, D- di'saipl [-d -d [-ship -^Jip
disciplinable 'disajplinabl
disciplinarian jdisaplin'erian, -'er-
disciplinar}^ 'disaplinjEri
discipline n 'disaplin
discipline v 'disa^plin [-d -d
disclaim dis'klem j-ed -d
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg [angn,' 'seg-gri
[bath baeO; E baG (§10) |ah a [far far [watch watj", wot/ (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
disclose
129
disharmonious
disclose dis'kloz |-s -iz |-d -d |-sure -53^; ES
-33(r
discolor dis'kAla^; ES -'kAl3(r; |-ed -d
discoloration jdiskAlaVeJan, diSjkAla-
discombobulate jdiskam'babjiet; ES+-'bDb-;
l-d -id
discomfit dis^kAmfit |-ed -id |-ure -fitja'; ES
-fit/a(r
discomfort dis'kAmfa't; ES -'kAmfat; |-ed -id
discommode jdisks'mod |-d -id
discompose jdiskam'poz |-s -iz |-d -d |-dly
-idli |-sure -'posa^; ES -'po33(r
disconcert ^diskan'ss^t; ES -'sat, -'syt; |-ed
-id
disconnect jdiska'nekt |-ed -id
disconnection, -nexion jdiska'nekXan
disconsolate dis'kanslit; ES+-'kDn-
disconsolation jdiskansa'le/an, dis^kansa-;
ES+ -on-
discontent jdiskan'tent |-ed -id
discontinuance jdiskan'tmjuans |-s -iz
discontinuation jdiskaiijtinj u 'e/an
discontinue jdiskan'tinju |-d -d |-uous -juas
discontinuity jdiskanta'nudti, -'luu-, -'nju-;
ES+-kDn-
discord n 'diskard; ES -kaad
discord v dis'kard; ES -'kaad; |-ed -id
discordance dis'kordns; ES -'kaad-; j-s -iz
|-dant -dnt
discount n 'diskaunt
discount v 'diskaunt, dis'kaunt |-ed -id
discountenance dis'kauntsnsns \-s -ix |-d -t
discourage dis'ks'ids; ES -'ksr-, -'kAr-,
-'ky-; |-s -IZ |-d -d
discourse n 'diskors, di'skors, -3rs; ES -oas,
E+-33S; |-s -IZ
discourse v di'skors, -'skars; ES -'skoas,
E+-'sk33s; |-s -IZ |-d -t
discourteous dis'kytias; ES -'kst-, -'kyt-;
|-esy -3SI
discover di'skAva^; ES -'skAV3(r; |-ed -d
|-ing -'skAvariij, -'skAvrig |-y -'skAvri,
-van
discredit dis'kredit |-ed -id
discreditable dis'ktEditabl |-bly -bh
discreet di'skrit
discrepance di'skrepans |-cy -i |-ant -ant
discrete di'skrit
discretion di'skre/an |-al -1 |-ally -ji
discretionary di'skre/anjEri
discriminate adj di'skrimanit
discriminate v di'skrimajnet |-d -id [-tive -iv
discrimination di/skrima'ne/an
discriminatory di'skrimanajtori, -^tan; S
-jtori
discrown dis'kraun |-ed -d
discursive di'skysiv; ES -'skss-, -'skys-;
|-sory -san
discus 'diskas |-es -iz |disci 'disai
discuss di'skAS |-es -iz |-ed -t |-ion -'skAjan
disdain dis'den, diz- |-ed -d
disdainful dis'denfai, diz- |-ly -i
disease di'ziz |-s -iz [-d -d |-dly -idli
disembark idisim'bark; ES -'ba:k, E+-'ba:k;
l-ed -t
disembarkation jdisembar'ke/an, diSjem-;
ES -ba:-, E+ -bar-
disembarrass jdisim'baeras, -is [-es -iz ]-ed -t
disembody jdisim'badi; ES+-'bDdi; [-ied -d
disembowel ^disim'baual, -'baul |-ed -d
disenchant jdisin'tjaent; E+-'t/ant, -'tjant;
l-ed -id
disencumber ^disin'kAmba^; ES -'kAmba(r;
|-ed -d |-ing -'kAmbarig, -'kAmbrig
disenfranchise jdism'fraentXaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
disenfranchisement jdisin'traentjizmant
disengage ^disin'geds |-s -iz |-d -d |-dness
-idnis, -dnis
disentangle ^disin'taeggl |-d -d [-ling -'taegglig,
-'taegglig
disestablish jdisa'stasbbj |-es -iz |-ed -t
disesteem jdisa'stim |-ed -d
disfavor dis'feva^; ES -'feva(r; |-ed -d ]-ing
-'fevarig, -'fevrig
disfiguration ^disfigja're/an, diSjfigja-
disfigure dis'figja^; ES -'figja(r; |-d -d
disfranchise dis'fraentjaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
disfranchisement dis'lraent/izmant
disgorge dis'gards; ES -'gaads; |-s -iz |-d -d
disgrace dis'gres |-s -iz |-d -t
disgraceful dis'gresfal |-ly -i
disgruntle dis'grAntl |-d -d
disguise dis'gaiz |-s -iz |-d -d [-dly -idh
disgust dis'gAst, diz- |-ed -id
dish dij [dishes 'di/iz | dished di/t
dishabille ^disa'bil, cf deshabille
disharmonious jdis-har'monias; ES -ha-, E
-ha-
|full ful |tooth tuG [further 'fytja^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse f juz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
disharmony
130
disquietude
disharmony dis'liarmsni; ES -'ha:m-, E+
-'harm-
dishcloth 'diJjkbO, -jkloG |-ths -tJz, -Gs
dishearten dis'hartn; ES -'ha:tn, E+-'ha:tn;
|-ed -d |-ing -tiug, -tnig
disherison dis'herazn |-ed -d
dishevel di'/evl |-ed -d |-ing -'/evlig, -vlig
dishful 'di/jful |-s -z
dishonest dis'anist, diz-; ES+-'Dn-; |-y -i
dishonor dis'ana^, diz-; ES -'anad, -'on-;
|-able -abl |-bly -bli
disillusion jdisi'lu53n, -'Iiu- |-ed -d
disinclination jdisinkla'neXan, dis^inkla-
disincHne jdisin'klain |-cHned -'klaind
disinfect jdisin'fekt, jdisn- |-ed -id |-ant -ant
|-ction -kjan
disingenuous jdisin'djenjuas, jdisn-
disinherit jdisin'herit, jdisi^- |-ed -id
disintegrable dis'intagrabl
disintegrate dis'inta^gret |-grated -^gretid
disintegration jdisinta'gre/an, diSjinta-
disinter ^disin'ty; ES -'t3(r, -ks^; |-red -d
disinterested dis'intarastid, -'intristid, -'inta-
^restid— ^ee interesting
disjoin dis'dsam |-ed -d |-t -t |-ted -tid
disjunct dis'dsAgkt |-ction -k/an |-ive -iv
disk disk |-ed -t
dislike dis'Iaik |-liked -'laikt
dislocate 'dislojket, dis'loket |-d -id
dislocation jdislo'ke/an
dislodge dis'lads; ES+-'lDd5; |-s -iz |-d -d
disloyal dis'bial, -'bjal |-ly -i |-ty -ti
dismal 'dizml |-]y -i
dismantle dis'maentl |-d -d [ling -tlig, -tlig
dismast dis'maest; E+-'mast, -'mast; |-ed -id
dismay dis'me, diz- |-ed -d |-edness -dms,
-idnis
dismember dis'memba^; ES -'msmbaCr; j-ed
-d |-ing -'membrig, -'mEmbarig
dismiss dis'mis |-ed -d |-al -1
dismount dis'maunt |-ed -id
disobedience jdisa'bidians |-ent -ant
disobey jdisa'be |-ed -d
disoblige jdisa'blaid^ |-s -iz |-d -d
disorder disbrda^, diz-; ES -bada(r; |-ed -d
|-ing -dang, -drig
disorganic ^disar'gaemk; ES -aa'gaen-
disorganization disprgana'zeXan, jdisar-; ES
-pagana-, -aag-, -ai'z-
disorganize disWgajnaiz; ES -'aaga-; |-s -iz
l-d-d
disown dis'on, diz- |-ed -d
disparage di'spaends |-es -iz |-d -d
disparate 'disparit [disparity dis'paerati
dispart dis'part; ES -'pa:t, E+-'pa:t; led -id
dispassion dis'paejan |-ed -d |-ate -it
dispatch di'spaetj |-es -iz |-ed -t
dispel di'spel |-led -d
dispensable di'spensabl
dispensary di'spensari
dispensation jdispan'sej"an, -pen-
dispensatory di'spensa^tori, -itan; S -^ton
dispense di'spens ]-s -iz |-d -t
disperse di'spys; ES -'spas, -'spa^s; |-s -iz
|-d -t |-sal -1
dispersion di'spsj'an, -%p3"3-; ES -'spa-,
-'spy-; |-sive -siv
dispirit di'spirit |-ed -id
displace dis'ples |-s -iz j-d -t
display di'sple |-ed -d
displease dis'pliz |-s -iz |-d -d
displeasure dis'plE33'; ES -'pl£5a(r; |-d -d
disport di'sport, -'spart; ES -'spoat, E+
-'spaat; |-ed -id
disposable di'spozabi [-sal -zl
dispose di'spoz |-s -iz |-d -d
disposition ^dispa'zijan
dispossess ^dispa'zes |-es -iz |-ed -t
disposure di'sposa^; ES -'spo3a(r
dispraise dis'prez |-s -iz ]- d -d
disprize dis'praiz |-s -iz |- d -d
disproof dis'pruf ('proof and 'dis^proof)
disproportion jdispra'por/an, -'par-; ES
-'poa-, E+-'paa-; |-al -1 |-ally -li |-ate -it
disprove dis'pruv |-proved -'pruvd |-val -1
disputable di'spjutabi, -'spiut-, 'dispjutabl
|-bly -bh — The accentuation of dis'putable
like dis'pute has inevitably won its icay into
good use.
disputant 'dispjutant, di'spjutnt, -'spiut-
disputation jdispju'tejan |-tious -Jas
disputative di'spjutativ, -'spiut-
dispute di'spjut, -'spiut ]-d -id
disqualification jdiskwalafa'ke/an, diSjkw-,
-wdI-
disqualify dis'kwalajfai, -'kwol- ]-fied -jfaid
disquiet dis'kwaiat |-ed -id
disquietude dis'kwaiajtjud, -^tnid, -^tud
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret |yet jet [sang saeg |angr>' 'aeg-gri
|bath baeG; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far [watch wat/, wot/ (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
disquisition
131
disulphide
disquisition jdiskwa'zijan
Disraeli diz'reli
disrate dis'ret | -rated -'retid
disregard ^disri'gard; ES -'ga:d, E+-'ga:d;
l-ed -id
disrelish disVehJ ]-es -iz |-ed -t
disrepair ^disri'psrj -'paer; E -'pe3(r, ES
-'paeaCr
disreputability dis^repjata'bibti, ^disrep-
disreputable dis'repjatabl |-bly -bh
disrepute jdisri'pjut, -'piut
disrespect jdisri'sp£kt |-ed -id
disrespectful jdisri'spektfal |-ly -i
disrobe dis'rob |-robed -'robd
disrupt dis'rApt |-ed -id |-ption -pjan |-ive -iv
dissatisfaction jdissfetis'faekjan, jdisaet- |-tory
-tan
dissatisfy dis'saetis^fai, di'saet- |-fied -jfaid
dissect di'sekt |-ed -id |-ction -kjan
disseize dis'siz |-s -iz |-d -d
dissemblance di'ssmblans
dissemble di'sembl |-d -d |-ling -blio, -bliij
disseminate di's8m3jnet |-nated -^netid
dissemination dijsema'nefan
dissention di'senjan
dissent di'sent |-ed -id |-er -9-; ES -3(r
dissentience di'senjans |-cy -i |-ent -ant
dissert di'syt; ES -'sat, -'syt; |-ed -id
dissertation jdisa^'te/an; ES ^disa-
disservice dis'ss'vis; ES -'s3v-, -Wv-; |-s -iz
l-d-t
dissever di^eva^; ES -'sev3(r; |-ed -d |-ing
-'sevarig, -'sevrig
dissidence 'disadans |-dent -dant
dissimilar di'simala^, dis's-; ES -'simabCr
dissimilarity dijSima'laerati, dis^s-, jdissim-
dissimilate di'sima^let, dis's- |-d -id
dissimilation di^sima'lejan, dis^s-, jdissim-
dissimilitude jdissi'mibjtjud, -ytiud, -^tud
dissimulate di'simjajlet |-lated -^letid
dissimulation di^simja'le/an
dissipate 'disa^pet |-d -id |-tion jdisa'pejan
dissociate di'so/ijet |-ated -^etid
dissociation dijsosi'ejan, -jso/i-
dissociative di'soJi,etiv
dissolubility dijsaljs'bilati; ES+-jSd1-
dissoluble di'saljabl; ES+-'sd1-; — The accen-
tuation dis'soluble has displaced 'dissoluble
by analogy of 'soluble and dis'solve.
dissolute 'disajlut, -\mt, 'disljut
dissolution jdisa'lujan, -'liu-, -sj'jujan
dissolve di'zalv, -'zolv |-d -d |-nt -ant
dissonance 'disanans |-s -iz |-cy -i |-ant -ant
dissuade di'swed |-d -id
dissuasion di'swesan |-sive -'swesiv
dissyllabic jdissi'laebik, jdisi-
dissyllable di'silabl, 'disjsilabi
distaff 'distaef ; E+ 'distaf, 'distaf
distain di'sten |-ed -d
distal 'distl |-ly -i
distance 'distans |-s -iz [-d -t |-tant -tant
distaste dis'test |-tasted -'testid
distasteful dis'testfal |-ly -i
distemper dis'tsmpa^; ES -pa(r; |-ed -d
i-parig, -prig
distend di'stend |-ed -id
distensible di'st£nsabl
distention, -sion di'stenjan
distich 'distik
distill, -til di'stil |-(l)ed -d
distillate 'distlit, -^et
distillation jdistl'e/an, -stil-
distiller di'stila-; ES -'stila(r; \-y -i
distinct di'stigkt |-ction -k/an j-ctive -ktiv
distingue jdistaeg'ge, di'staegge {Fr distie'ge)
distinguish di'stiggwij j-es -iz j-ed -t
distinguishable di'stiggvvijabi |-bly -bh
distort dis'tart; ES -'taat; |-ed -id
distortion dis 'tar/an; ES -'taa/an
distract di'straekt |-ed -id
distraction di'straekjan |-tive -tiv
distrain di'stren |-ed -d |-t -t
distrait di'stre |-e -t {Fr dis'tr£(t))
distraught di'strat
distress di'stres |-es -iz |-ed -t [-edly -idli
distressful di'stre sfal |-ly -i
distributable di'stribjatabl
distribute di'stribjut |-d -bjatid |-tive -bjativ
distribution jdistra'bjujan, -'biujan
distributor di'stribjata^; ES -ta(r
district 'distrikt |-ed -id
distrust dis'trAst |-ed -id
distrustful dis'trAstfal |-ly -i
disturb di'styb; ES -'stsb, -'styb; l-ed -d
|-ance -ans |-ances -ansiz
disulphate, -fate dai'sAlfet
disulphide, -fide dai'sAlfaid, -fid |-phid, -fid
-fid
[full ful Itooth tuG [further 'fy'Sa'; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
disunion
132
doctoral
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with d in E and S
disunion dis'junjan
division da'visan [-al -1 [-ally -li
disunite jdisju'nait |-nited -'naitid
divisive da'vaisiv
disuse n dis'jus |-s -iz
divisor da'vaiza^; ES -'vaiza(r; |-ry -i
disuse V dis'juz j-s -iz |-d -d
divorce da 'vers, -'vars; ES -'voas, E-t--'vaas;
disyllable di'sibbl [disyllabic jdisi'ltebik
|-s -IZ |-d -t
ditch dit/ [ditches 'dit/iz [ditched ditjt
divorce, -cee da^vor'se, -jvar-; ES -/voa-.
dither 'ditfa^; ES -3(r; [-ed -d |-ing -^arig.
E+-jvaa-; |-cee -'si {Fr divar'se)
-Srig
divot 'divat
dithyramb 'diOajraem, -jraemb
divulge da'vAlds |-s -iz [-d -d |-nce -ans
dithyrambic jdiGa'raembik [-ally -li, -ikh
Dixie 'diksi
ditto 'dito |-ed -d
Dixon 'diksn
ditty 'diti [-led -d
dizen 'dizn, 'daizn [-ed -d [ing -zniij, -znirj
diuretic jdaiju'retik |-al -1 [-ally -h, -ikli
dizzy 'dizi [dizzied 'dizid
diurnal dai'ynl; ES -'snj, -'ynl; [-ly -i
Dnepropetrovsk ^dnjepropje'trafsk
diva 'diva
Dnieper 'nip*; ES 'nipa(r
divagate 'daiva^get |-d -id |-tion jdaiva'ge/an
Dniester 'nista^; ES 'nista(r
divalent daiVebnt, 'divalant
do music, Jap geography do
divan 'daivaen, di'vaen
do V stressed forms: — [do 'du, jdu \2 sg arch.
divaricate da'vaerajket, dai- |-d -id
dost 'dAst, jdAst or doest 'duist, ^duist
divarication dajvaera'kejan, dai-
\3 sg does 'dAz, jdAz or arch, doth 'dAG,
dive daiv \past dove dov or dived daivd \pptc
jdA0 or doeth 'duiG, ^duiG \past 2 sg arch.
dived daivd
didst 'didst, jdidst or diddest, didest
diver 'daiva^; ES 'daiv3(r
'didist, jdidist \past 1 b^ 3 sg, 1-3 pi did
diverge da'yyds, dai-; ES -Vsds, -Vyds;
'did, jdid \pptc done 'dAn, jdAn; unstressed
|-s -iz |-d -d [-nee -ans j-ncy -ansi [-nt -ant
forms {auxiliaries): — [do bcf. vowels du
divers 'swimmers,' 'various' Maiva^z; ES
(iSo du 'ai); bef. conss. da (^so da 'Se)
Maivaz
[dost dast ('hwai dast '3au ypain witJ'in?)
diverse da'vys, dai-; ES -Vss, -Vys;
[doth dae (daG '«sk a 'drirjk di'vain) [does
('di^ verse 'forces)
daz (jhau daz it 'luk?), dz (^haudzit 'sim?),
diversification dajvysafa'kejan, dai-; ES
ts (jhwattsit 'maeta^?) [did did (jhw£n did
-jV3S-, -(Vys-
it 'kAm?), dad (jhau dad 'hi iHo?), d
diversify da'vysa^fai, dai-; ES -'v3s-, -'vys-;
(ihaudit 'go? >aud tSe 'laik it?)
|-fied -jfaid
doable 'duabl
diversion da'yysan, dai-, -/an; ES -'v3-,
dob dab, dob [bed -d
-'vs"-
Dobbin, d- 'dabin
diversity da'vysati, dai-; ES -'vss-, -'vys-
Dobell do'bel
divert da'vs^t, dai-; ES -'vst, -'vyt; |-ed -id
Dobruja, -dja 'dobrudsa
divertisement da'vytizmant; ES -'v3t-, -'v^t-
Dobson, d- 'dabsn
divertissement Fr divertis'ma
docent 'dosnt {Gcr dozent do'tsent)
Dives 'daiviz [-ves' -viz
docibility jdasa'bilati
divest da'vsst, dai- |-ed -id
docile 'dasj, 'dasil [-ly -i
divide da'vaid |-vided -'vaidid
docility do'silati, da'sil-
dividend 'diva^dend
dock dak [docked dakt j-age -ids
divination jdiva'ne/an
docket 'dakit |-ed -id
divine da 'vain [-vineness -'vainnis
dockyard 'dakjard; ES -Jard, E-i--ja:d
divinity da'vinati
doctor 'dakta^; ES -ta(r; j-ed -d |-ing 'dak-
divisibihty da,viza'bilati
tarig, 'daktrig
divisible da'vizabi |-bly -bli
doctoral 'daktaral [ly -i [-rate -tarit, -trit
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet jsang saeg jangn,^ 'aeg-gri
[bath baeG; E ba6 (§10) jah a [far far [watch watj, y/ntS (§12) jjavv dsa [gorge gards jgo go
doctrinaire
133
domino
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with n in E and S
doctrinaire ^daktri'ner, -'naer; ES -'ne3(r, ES
doily 'daili
-'naE3(r
doings 'duigz, humorous 'duinz
doctrine 'daktrin |-al -1 |-ally -li
doit dait
document n 'dakjamant |-al jdakja'mEntI
Dolabella jdala'bela
document v 'dakjajmEnt |-ed -id
dolce far niente 'doltXijfor'm'enti; ES -fa:-
documentary jdakja'mEntari, -tri |-rily -rail
{It 'dolt/e,far'njente)
documentation jdakjamen'tejan
doldrum 'daldram |-s -z
dodder 'dada^; ES 'dad3(r; |-ed -d |-ing
dole dol Idoled dold |-ful -fal |-fully -fali
'dadarig, 'dadrig
dolerite 'dala^rait
dodecagon do'dekajgan, -gan
Dolgelly dal'geeli, -'geh {Welsh dol'ge4i)
dodecahedron jdodEka'hidran |-s -z |-dra -dra
Dolgeville 'daldsvil
Dodecanese jdodeka'nis, do^dek- |-nesus
dolichocephalic 'dalijkosa'faehk
-'nisas
doll dal, dol, dal |-ed -d
dodge, D- dads [-s -iz |-d -d|-r -a^; ES -a(r
dollar 'dala^; ES 'dala(r
Dodgson 'dadgsan
Dollard 'dala^d; ES 'dalad
dodo 'dodo
dolly, D- 'dali, 'doll, 'dah
Dodona do 'dona
dolman 'dolman |-s -z
doe, D- do
dolmen 'dalmEn J-s -z
does dAz — -for forms see do
dolomite 'dala^mait
doesn't 'dAznt, before some con^^.+'dAzn
Dolomites 'dalajmaits
(jdAzn'ker) — 'dAzant is substa7idard
dolor 'dola^; ES 'dola(r; [-ous 'dalaras, 'dol-
doest ^Auist— for forms see do
Dolores da 'Ions, -iz, -'lar-; S -'lor-; |-'s -iz
doeth ^AaiO— for forms see do
dolphin 'dalfin
doff daf, dof, daf |-ed -t
dolt dolt; NEngd+^6\i (§46)
dog dag, dog, 7nuch less freq. dag |-ged -d
-dom unstressed ending -dam — Many words in
Dogberry, d- 'dag^beri, 'dog-, -ban
-dom are omitted from the vocab.
dogcart 'dag^kart, 'dog-; ES -jka:t, E+-jka:t
domain do 'men |-ial -lal
doge dod3 )-'s -iz
Dombey 'dambi
dog-ear 'dag^ir 'dng-; ES -^laCr, S+-jEa(r;
dome dom [domed domd |domal 'doml
|ed-d
domesday, D- 'dumzjde = doomsday
dogged adj 'dagid, 'dog-
domestic da'mestik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikh
dogger 'daga', 'dnga^; ES -a(r
domesticate da'mEsta^ket |-cated -^ketid
doggerel 'dagaral, 'dog-, 'dag-, -gral
domestication daymesta'ke/an
dogie 'dogi
domesticity jdomes'tisati, da,m£s'tisati
dogma 'dagma, 'dog-, 'dag- |-tism -^tizam
domicile 'damasl, -sil |-d -d
|-tist -tist
domiciliary jdama'silijEri
dogmatic dag'maetik, dog-, dag- |-al -I |-ally
dominance 'damanans |-cy -i |-nant -nant
-li, -ikli
dominate 'dama^net |-d -id |-tion jdama-
dogmatize 'dagma jtaiz, 'dog-, 'dag- |-s -iz
'ne/an
l-d-d
domineer ^dama'nir; ES -'nia(r, S+-'n8a(r,
dog-tired 'dag'taird, 'dog-; ES -'taiad
-'njea(r; |-ed -d
dogtooth 'dagjtuG, 'dog- |-teeth -^tie |-ed
Domingo da'miggo
-et, -M
Dominic 'damanik
dogtrot 'dagjtrat, 'dog-
Dominica da'minika, jdama'nika [n -n
dogwatch 'dagjwatj, 'dog-, -iwotj, -jwat/
dominical da'minikl
|-es -IZ
dominie 'damani, ' pastor' +^dom3ni
dogwood 'dagjwud, 'dog-
dominion da'minjan
dogy 'dogi
domino 'dama^no
|full ful |tooth tuG [further 'fytSa^; ES 'facJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Oomitian
134
dose
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with n in E and S
Domitian da'mifan, -Jian |-tius -/as, -Jias
doodlebug 'dudljbAg
|-tius's -3SIZ
doom dum | doomed dumd
Domremy-la-Pucelle Fr doramilapy'sEl
doomsday, D- 'dumz^de
don, D- dan | donned dand
Doon(e) dun
Don Adriano de Armado ^dan-adri'anojdear-
door, D- dor, dar; ES doa(r, E+daa(r; j-ed -d
'mado; ES -a:'mado
doorjamb 'dor^dsaem, 'dar-; ES 'doa-.
Donalbain 'danljben
E+'daa-
Donald 'danld |-son 'danjsn, ^danldsan
doorman 'dor^maen, -man |-men -^msn, -man
donate 'donet |-nated -netid |-tion do'ne/an
doornail 'dor^nel, 'dar-, -'nel; ES 'doa-,
Donatello idana'telo (// jdona'ttUo)
E-i- 'daa-
Donati do'nati
dooryard 'dorjard, 'dar-; ES 'doajard.
donative 'danativ, 'don-
E+'daa-, -ja:d
Donatus do'netas |-'s -iz
dope dop 1 doped dopt
Doncaster 'daokaesta^, 'dan-; ES -kiestaCr
dor, -rr dar; ES daa(r
done dAn
Dora 'dora, 'dara; S 'dora
done for 'dAn^far; ES -jfaaCr
Dorcas 'darkas; ES 'daakas; ]-'s -iz
done up 'dAnUp
Dorchester 'dar^tjesta', 'dartjista^; ES 'daa-.
done with 'dAn^witJ, -^wiB
-ta(r
donee do'ni
Dordogne dar'danja {Fr dbr'db'ji)
Donegal 'dani^gal, jdani'gal
Dordrecht 'dardrskt, -drext
Donelson 'danjsn
Dore do're, da-; S do 're; {Fr da're)
Don Giovanni jdan-dsiaVani, -djo- {It
Dorian 'dorian, 'dar-; S 'dorian
jdondsoVanni)
Doric 'dank, 'dar-, 'dor-
Dongola 'daggala
Doricles 'dara^kliz, 'dar-, 'dor- |-'s -iz
Donizetti jdana'zeti, {It jdoni'dzetti)
Dorigen 'daragin, -gan, 'dar-, 'dnr-
donjon 'dAndsan, 'dan-
Doris 'dans, 'dar-, 'dor- |-'s -iz
Don Juan dan'dsuan, -'dgiuan {Sp dan-
Dorking 'darkig; ES 'daakig
'xwan)
dormancy 'darmansi; ES 'daam-; ]-mant
donkey 'dagki, 'dooki, 'dagki, 'dAgki
-mant
Donley 'danli
dormer 'darma^; ES 'daama(r; |-ed -d
donna, D- 'dana (// 'danna)
dormitory 'darma^tori, -jtari; ES 'daama^tori.
Donne dAn
E+-jtari
Donnelly 'danli, 'danli
dormouse 'dar^maus; ES 'daa-; |-'s -iz |-mice
Donnithorne 'danajOarn; ES -^Oaan
-jmais l-mice's -^maisiz
Donnybrook 'dani,bruk
dormy, -mie 'darmi; ES 'daami
Donohue 'dana^hju, -jhiu, -^hu, 'dAn-
Dorothea ^dara'Oia, ^dar-, jdor-
donor 'dona^; ES 'dona(r; (do'ni an do'nar)
Dorothy 'daraOi, 'dar-, 'dnr-
Donora do'nora, -'nara; S -'nora
Dorrit 'darit, 'dar-, 'dnr-
do-nothing 'du^nAGig
dorsal 'darsl; ES 'daasl; |-ly -i
Don Pedro dan'pidro
Dorset 'darsit; ES 'daasit; |-shire -Jir, -Ja^;
Don Quixote jdanki'hoti, dan'kwiksat {Sp
ES -;Xia(r, -/aCr
-ki'xote)
Dortmund 'dartmand; ES 'daat-; {Ger
don't dont, hef. some conss. often don (don'tek
'dartmunt)
it), bef. n often don, do (don'no, do'no),
dory- D- 'don, 'dan; S 'dori
bef. p, b, m often domp (domppri'tsnd ^tu.
dos-a-dos Fr doza'do
dompba'liv it, domp'maind it), hef. k, g
dosage 'dosids |-s -iz
ofteji dog, dogk (dog'kaer, dogk'kaer.
dose dos |doses 'dosiz [dosed dost; \NEngd-ir
dog 'go, dogk'go); \NEngd+^6nt {§46)
das {§46)
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet [sang saeg |angn,- 'aeg-gri
|bath baeG; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far |\vatch wat/, wotj (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards jgo go
Dos Passes
135
drab
Dos Passos dasVaesos; ES+dos-; |-sos* -sos
dossier 'dasijC, 'dasia^; ES 'dasijC, 'dasi'3(r,
'dos-; {Fr do'sje)
dost dAst — see do
Dostoevski ^dasta'jefski, jdos-
dot 'dowry dat; ES+dot; {Fr dbt)
dot 'point' dot; ES+dot; |-ted -id
dotard 'dotard; ES 'dotad
dote dot [doted 'dotid |dotage 'dotids
doth dA6 — see do
Dothan 'doGan, 'doOaen
Dotheboys Hall 'dutJajbaiz'hal
dotterel 'dataral; ES+'dot-
Douai, -ay du'e ('DoUjai 'Bible)
double 'dAbI |-d -d |-ling 'dAblio, 'dAblig
double-barreled 'dAbl'baerald
double-breasted 'dAbl'brestid
double-cross 'dAbl'kras, -'kros |-es -iz |-ed -t
double-edged 'dAbl'edsd, -'£d3id
double-entendre 'dublan'tandra {Fr dubla-
'ta:dr)
double-faced 'dAbl'fest |-facedly -'fesidli
double-leaded 'dAbl'ledid
double-lived 'dAbl'laivd ('double- jlived 'bards)
double-quick 'dAbl'kwik ('double-^quick
'time)
doublet 'dAblit |-ed -id
doubletree 'dAbl^tri, -tri
double-U letter 'dAb-lju, 'dAblju, 'dAbju
doubloon dA'blun
doubly 'dAbli
doubt daut |-ed -id |-ful -fal |-fully -fall
Douce daus, dus |-'s -iz
douceur du'sy; ES -'s3(r, -'sy; {Fr du'soe:r)
douche duj" jdouches 'du/iz [douched dujt
Dougal, -II 'dugl
dough do |doughed dod |-y -i |-boy -jbai
Dougherty 'doa'ti, 'daa'ti, 'daha^ti; ES 'doa-,
'daa-, 'daha-
doughfaced 'deafest
doughnut 'donat, -^nAt
doughty 'dauti
Douglas, -ss 'dAglas |-'s -iz
dour dur, dur, daur; ES dua(r, dua(r, daua(r
Dousabel 'dusa^bel
douse daus |douses 'dausiz |doused daust
dove 'pigeon' dAv
dove 'dived' dov
Dove Eng name dAv, Ger name 'dova
dovecot 'dAVjkat; ES+-ikDt;^ — see cot
dovecote 'dAV/kot — see cot, cote
Dovedale 'dAv^del
Dover 'dova'; ES 'dova(r
dovetail 'dAv^tel [-tailed -jteld
Dow dau
dowager 'dauadsa^; ES 'dauadsaCr
Dowagiac da'wad3aek
Dowden 'daudn
dowdy 'daudi
dowel 'daual |-ed -d
dower 'daua^; ES 'dau'a(r; j-ed -d |-ing
'dauarig, 'daurig
down daun [downed daund
down-and-out 'daunan'aut, 'daunand'aut
downcast 'daun^kaest; E+-jkast, -^kast
downfall 'daun^fal |-en -an, -jfoln
downgrade adj, adv 'daun'gred, cf upgrade
downhearted 'daun'hartid ; ES -'ha:t-, E+
-'hart-
downhill n 'daun^hil, daun'hil
Downing 'daunig
downpour 'daun^por, -jpar, -ipur; ES -jpoa(r,
-jpua(r, E+-jpaa(r
downright adj 'daun^rait
downright adv 'daun^rait, daun'rait
downside 'daun'said, 'daun^said
downstage adj, adv, v 'daun'steds [-s -iz |-d -d
downstairs n daun'sterz, -'staerz; E -'stsaz,
ES -'staeaz; acc^ + 'down ^stairs, adj, adv
'down'stairs
downstream adj, adv 'daun'strim; v daun-
'strim [-ed -d
downtown n daun'taun, 'daun^taun
downtown adj, adv 'daun'taun ('up^town &
'down^town)
downtrodden 'daun'tradn; ES+-'trDdri
downward 'daunwa^d; ES 'daunwad [-s -z
dowry 'daun
dowsabel 'dausajb£l
doxology daks'aladsi; ES+doks'nl-
doyen 'daian {Fr dwa'jte)
Doyle dail
Doylestown 'dailzjtaun
doze doz [dozes 'doziz [dozed dozd
dozen 'stun' 'dozn [-ed -d
dozen 'twelve' 'dAzn [-ed -d
dozy 'dozi
drab draeb [drabbed draebd
[full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytJa^; ES 'faSa
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision
[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
drabble
136
drizzle
drabble 'draebl |-d -d |-ling 'draeblig,
-blio
drawee dra'I
drachm draem
drawer 'one who draws' 'draa^; ES 'dr3-a(r
drachma 'draekma |-s -z |-mae -mi
drawer of a dresser drar; ES draa(r; |-s -z
Draco 'dreko \gen Draconis dre'konis
drawing-room 'dra-ig^rum, -^rum
Draconian dre'konian
drawknife 'dra^naif |-knives -^naivz
Dracula 'draekjula
drawl dral | drawled drald
Dracut 'drekat
drawn dran
draff draef
drawshave 'drajjev
draft draef t; E+ draft, draft; [ed -id
dray dre |-ed -d |-age -ids l-man, -men -man
draftsman 'draef tsman; E+ 'draft-.
'draft-;
Drayton 'dretn
|-men -man
dread dred |-ed -id |-ful -fal |-fully -fall
drag draeg dragged draegd
dreadnought, -naught, D- 'dred^nat
draggle 'draegj |-d -d |-ling 'draeghg.
-glio
dream drim [dreamed drimd or dreamt
draggly 'draegli
dr2mpt
dragnet 'draeg^net
dreamland 'drimjaend, -land
dragoman 'draegaman |-mans -manz |-men
drear drir; ES dria(r, S+dr8a(r
-man
dreary 'driri, 'driri; S+'dreri
dragon 'draegan |-et -it |-fly -jflai
dredge dreds |-s -iz |-d -d
dragonnade jdraega'ned
dregs dregz
dragoon dra'gun -ed -d [-age -ids
Dreiser 'draisa', -za^; ES 'draisa(r, -za(r
dragrope 'draeg^rop
drench drentj" |-es -iz |-ed -t
drain dren | drained drend |-age -ids
Dresden 'drezdan
drake, D- drek
dress dres |-es -iz |-ed or drest 'drest
dram draem
dressmaker 'drss^meka^; ES -jmeka(r
drama 'drama, 'drasma, 'drama.
rarely
dress suit 'dres'sut, -'siut, -'sjut ('dress- 'suit
'drema
iCase, 'dress-jsuit jcase)
dramatic dra'maetik [-al -1 |-ally -|i, -
ikh
drew, D- dru, driu
dramatis personae 'draematispa^'soni; ES
Dreyfus 'drefas, 'drai- |-'s -iz (Fr dre'fys)
-pa-
dribble 'dribi |-d -d |-Ung 'driblig, -bliQ
dramatization jdraemata'zejan, -ai'z-
dribbler 'dribla-; ES 'dribla(r
dramatize 'draemajtaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
driblet, dribb- 'driblit
dramaturgic jdraema'tydsik; ES
-^tsds-.
dried draid
-'tyds-
drier 'draia-; ES 'drai'a(r
dramaturgy 'draema^t^dsi; ES -jtsdsi,
-itydsi
dries draiz
dramshop 'draem^/ap; ES+-jXdp
drift drift [drifted 'driftid [-wood -^wud
drank draeijk
drill dril [drilled drild
drape drep |-d -t [-r -^; ES -a(r; |-ry
-an, -ri
drily 'draili
drastic 'draestik |-ally -h, -ikli
drink drigk [drank draeijk [drunk dr.vgk
drat draet [dratted 'draetid
drinkable 'drigkabl [-bty -bli
draught draeft; E+draft, draft; [-ed -
id
Drinkwater 'drigk^wata', -jwata^, -^wnta^; ES
draughtsman 'draef tsman; E+ 'draft-.
'draft-;
-ta(r
|-men -man
drip drip [dripped dript
Drava 'drava
drippings 'dripigz
Dravida 'dravida [-vidian dra'vidian
drivable, driveable 'draivabl
draw dra [drew dru, driu |drawn dran
drive draiv [drove drov [driven 'drivan
drawbar 'drawbar; ES -jba:(r, E+-;ba
:(r
drivel 'drivl [ed -d [ing 'drivhg, -vlig
drawboard 'dra^bord, -^bard; ES
-jboad,
driveling adj 'drivlirj
E+-;baad
drivewa}^ 'draivjwe
drawbridge 'drajbridj |-s -iz
drizzle 'drizl [-d -d [-ling 'dnzho, -zlig
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [}'et jet [sang saeg |angr>' 'aeg-gri
[bath baeO; E baO (§10) [ah a [far far [watch watj, wntf (§12) [jaw dga [gorge gards jgo go
drizzly
137
dud
drizzly 'drizh
Drogheda 'draada, 'dra-ida
drogher, droger 'droga^; ES 'drog3(r
droll drol |-ed -d |ery -an |-3^ 'droUi, -oli
dromedary 'dramajderi, 'drAm-; ES+-'drDm-
Dromio 'dromjo, 'dromijO
drone dron | droned drond |-age -ids
Drood drud
drool drul | drooled druld
droop drup | drooped drupt
drop drap; ES + drop; |-ped, -t -t
drop-forge 'drap'fards, -'fords; ES -'foads,
-'faads; |-s -iz |-d -d — see forge
droplet 'draplit; ES+'drop-
droplight 'drap^lait; ES+ 'drop-
dropper 'drapa^; ES 'drap3(r, 'drnp-
dropsical 'drapsikl; ES+'drop-; |-ly -i
dropsy 'drapsi; ES+'drnp-; |-ied -d
dropt drapt; ES + dropt
droshky 'drajki; ES+'drnf-
Drosophila, d- dro'safab; ES+-'sDf-; |-lae
dross dras, dros |-es -iz |-ed -t
drought draut
drouth draue |-ths -6s — Drouth is not an
error for drought, hut a normal historical
variant in wide American use.
drove drov [droved drovd
drover 'drova'; ES 'drova(r
drown draun | drowned draund
drowse drauz |-s -iz |-d -d
drowsy 'drauzi |-sily 'drauzli, -zili
drub drAb | drubbed drAbd |-bing -ig
drudge drAdg |-s -iz |-d -d |-ry -an, -ri
drug drAg | drugged drAgd |-gist -ist
drugget 'drAgit
drugstore 'drAg^stor, -^star; ES -jStoa(r,
E+-jStaa(r
druid, D- 'druid, 'driuid
druidic dru'idik, driu- |-al -1
drum drAm |drummed drAmd |-mer -a^; ES
-a(r
drumfire 'drAm^fair; ES -jfaia(r
drumhead 'drAm^hed
drumlin 'drAmlin
Drummond 'drAmand
drumstick 'diAm^stik
drunk drAgk |-en -an |-ard -a^d; ES -ad
drunkenness 'drAijkannis
drupaceous dru'pejas, driu-
drupe drup, driup |-let -lit
Drury Lane 'druri'len, 'driuri-
Drusilla dru'sila, driu-
dry drai | dried draid
dryad 'draiad, -aed
Dryasdust 'draiaz^dAst
Dryburgh 'drai^byo, -a; ES -jbsr-, -^bAr-,
-jbar-; Brit 'draibara
dry-clean 'drai'klin, -jklin [ed -d
Dryden 'draidn
dryer 'draia^; ES 'drai-aCr
dryly 'draili
dry-nurse 'drai^nys; ES -^nss, -^nys; |-s -iz
l-d-t
drysalter 'draijsalta'; ES -^saltaCr; |-y -i
dry-shod 'drai'/ad; ES -'/od
'dst 'woiildst' dst
dual 'djual, 'diual, 'dual |-ism -^izam
dualistic jdjual'istik, jdiu-, ^du- [-ally -li,
-ikli
duahty dju'aelati, diu-, du-
dub dAb I dubbed dAbd
Du Barry dju'bteri, diu- du- {Fr dyba'rl)
Du Bartas djubar'tas, diu-, du-; ES -ba:'tas;
{Fr dybar'tais) |-'s -iz
dubiety dju'baiati, diu-, du-
dubious 'djubias, 'dm-, 'du-
dubitable 'djubitabl, 'dm-, 'du- |-bly -bli
dubitate 'djuba^tet, 'dm-, 'du- j-d -id 1-tive
-IV
dubitation ^djuba'te/an, ^diu- jdu-
Dubhn 'dAblm
Dubois, Du Bois da'bais, du-, 'dubais |-'s -iz
Dubuque da'bjuk, du-, -'biuk
ducal 'djuki, 'diu-, 'du- |-ly -i
Du Cange dju'kaends, dm-, du- |-'s -iz {Fr
dy'kars)
ducat 'dAkat
duce It 'du:t/e
Duchesne in Utah du'Jen, diu-; Fr name
dy'/e-.n
duchess 'd At/is ]-'s -iz
duchy 'dAtJi
duck dAk I ducked dAkt |-Hng 'dAkhg
duct dAkt |-ed -id
ductile 'dAktl, -til |-ly -i
ductiUty dAk'tilati
dud dAd
|full ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fy'Sa'; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAStam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision 'vigan jEden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Duddon
138
durable
Duddon 'dAdn
dunderpate 'dAnda^pet; ES 'dAnda-
dude djud, diud, dud
Dundreary, d- dAn'driri
dudgeon 'dAdsan
dune djun, diun, dun
Dudley 'dAdli
Dun Edin, Dunedin dAu'idn, -dm
due dju, diu, du
Dunellen dAu'ebn
duel 'djual, 'diu-, 'du- |-ed -d |-ist -ist
Dunfermline dAn'fs^mbn, dAm-; ES
-'fsm-.
duello dju'elo, diu-, du- {It du'ello)
-'fym-; /oc. + -'ferm-, -'farm-
duenna dju'ena, diu-, du-
dung dAo [-ed -d
duet dju'8t, diu-, du- |-ted -id
dungaree, -ri jdAgga'ri
duff dAf 1 duffed dAft |-el -1 |-er -a^; ES -3(r
dungeon 'dAudsan |-ed -d
dug dAg
dung-fork 'dAg^fark; ES -jfaak
Dugdale 'dAgdel
dunghill 'dAg^hil
dugong 'dugarj, -goij, -gag
Dunkard 'dAgka^d; ES 'dAgkad
dugout 'dAg^aut
Dunker 'dAgka^; ES 'dAgka(r
dugvvay 'dAg^we
Dunkirk US 'dAukyk; ES -kak.
-kyk,
duke djuk, diuk, duk |-dom -dam |-ry -an
France 'Dunkirk, Dun 'kirk
dulcet 'dAlsit
Dunmore dAn'mor, -'mar; ES -
'moa(r.
dulcimer 'dAlsama^; ES 'dAlsama(r
E+-'maa(r
Dulcinea dAl'sinia, jdAlsa'nia {Sp jdulGi'nea)
Dunmow 'dAnmo
dulia dju'Iaia, dm-, du-
dunnage 'dAuids |-s -iz |-d -d
dull dAl Idulled dAld |-ard -a^d; ES -ad
Duns dAnz, dAns |-'s -iz
dully 'dAlll, 'dAh
Dunsany dAn'sem
Duluth da'lue, du-, -'buO
Dunsinane 'dAnsa^nen, ^dAusa'nen
Dulwich 'dAhds, -itj |-'s -iz
Dunsmuir 'dAuzmjur, -miur
duly 'djuli, 'diuli, 'dull
Duns Scotus 'dAuz'skotas, earlier
Maus-
Dumain dju'men, dm-, du-
I-'S -IZ
Dumas dju'ma, dm-, du-, acc/+ 'Dumas {Fr
Dunstan 'dAnstan
dy'ma)
Dunster 'dAusta^; ES 'dAiista(r
Du Maurier dju'marije, dm-, du- {Fr
duo It 'du:o
dyma'rje)
duo- 'djuo, 'drao, 'duo, -a
dumb dAm |-ed -d |-bell -^bsl
duodecimal jdjua'desaml, ^diua-, jdua
-1-ly-i
Dumbarton dAin'bartn; ES -'ba:tn, E+
|-mo -jmo
-'ba:tn; |-sliire -Jir, -/a-; ES -iJiaCr, -/aCr
duodenal jdjua'dini, jdiua-, ^dua- |-num -nam
dumdum 'dAmdAm
|-na -na
dumfound, dumbf- dAm'faund |-ed -id
duologue 'djua,lag, 'diua-, 'dua-, -Jag
;. -iiog
Dumfries dAm'fris |-shire -/ir, -JV; ES
dupe djup, diup, dup [d -t [-ry -an, -
n
-Xia(r, -/a(r
duple 'djupl, 'diupl, 'dupl
dummy 'dAini |-ied -d
duplex 'djupkks, 'dm-, 'du- j-es -iz [-
ed -t
dump dAmp [dumped dAmpt |-ling -lig
duplicate, n, adj 'djuplakit, 'dm-, 'du-
, -iket
dun dAu [dunned dAnd
dupUcate v 'djupbiket, 'dm-, 'du-
l-d -id
Dunbar US 'dAubar; ES -ba:(r, E+-ba:(r;
[-tor -a^; ES -a(r
Scotl Dun 'bar
duplication jdjupla'kejan, jdm-, ^du-
Duncan 'dAgkan
duplicity dju'pbsati, dm-, du-
Duncannon dAn'kaenan
Dupont 'djupant, 'dm-, 'du-; ES+-pDnt;
dunce dAns [dunces 'dAnsiz
acc/+Du'pont ('Du/pont 'product)
Dunciad 'dAnsijjed
Duquesne dju'ken, dm-, du-
Dundas dAn'da^s |-'s -iz
Du Quoin dju'kain, dm-, du-
Dundee dAu'di ('Dun,dee 'road)
durability ,djura'bilati, jdiur-, /dur-
dunderhead 'dAnda^jhed; ES 'dAuda-
durable 'djurabl, 'diur-, 'dur- [bly -bb
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret jyet jet [sang saeg [angrj' 'aeg-gn
[bath baeG; E baO (§10) |ak a [far far [watch wot/, wot/ (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards (go go
duralumin
139
dysprosium
duralumin, D- djuVaeljajinin, diu-, du-
durance 'djurans, 'diur-, 'dur-
Durand dju'raend, diu-, du-
Durango dju'raerjgo, diu-, du-
Durant dju'raent, diu-, du-
duration djuVeJan, diu-, du-
durative 'djurativ, 'diur-, 'dur-
Durazzo du'ratso
Durban 'dyban, da^'baen; ES 'dab-, 'dyb-,
da-
durbar 'dybar; ES 'dabarCr, 'dyba:(r,
E+-ba:(r
D'Urberville 'dyba^^vil; ES 'dsba-, 'dyba-
Durbeyfield 'dybi^fild; ES 'dsbi-, 'dybi-
dure djur, diur, dur; ES -3(r; |-d -d
duress 'djuris, 'diur-, 'dur-, acci+du'ress
D'Urfey, Durfey 'dyfi; ES 'dsfi, 'dyfi
Durham 'dyam; ES 'dsram, 'dAr-, 'dy-
during 'dung, 'diurig, 'djurig
durn dyn; ES dan, dyn; |-ed -d |-edest -dist
Duroc 'djurak, 'diur-, 'dur-; ES+-ok
durst dyst; ES dast, da'st |-stn't -snt — before
some conss. +-sn (jdysn'go)
durum 'djuram, 'diur-, 'dur-
Duse 'duzi (It 'du:ze)
dusk dAsk I dusked dAskt
Diisseldorf 'disljdarf, 'dAsl-; ES -jdaaf; {Ger
'dysaljdarf)
dust dAst I dusted 'dAstid
dustman 'dAstman |-men -man
dustpan 'dAst^paen, 'dASjpaen
dustproof 'dAst'pruf ('dust-proof 'bearings)
Dutch dAt/ I dutches 'dAtJiz |dutched dAtft
Dutchman 'd At/man |-men -man
Dutchman's-breeches 'dAtJmanz'britJiz
duteous 'djutias, 'diu-, 'du-
dutiable 'djutiabl, 'diu-, 'du-
dutiful 'djutifal, 'diu-, 'du- |-ly -i
duty 'djuti, 'diu-, 'du-
duty-free 'djuti'fri, 'dm-, 'du-
duumvir dju'Amva^, dm-, du-; ES -'Amva(r;
|-ate -it
Duxbury 'dAks,b£ri, -ban
Duyckinck 'daikigk
Dvina dvi'na
Dvorak 'dvarsak, da'varsak, 'varsaek, 'var-
/aek; ES -aa-
dwarf dwarf; ES dwaaf ; |-ed -t |-ish -ij
dwarvish 'dwarvij; ES 'dwaavi/
dwell dwel [dwelt dw£lt, arch, dwelled dweld
dwelling 'dwEbg
dwindle 'dwindl |-d -d |-ling 'dwmdlig, -dhg
Dwight dwait
Dyak 'daiaek
dyarchy 'daiarki; ES -a:ki, E+-a:ki
Dyce dais |-'s -iz
Dyck, van vaen'daik
dye dai |dyed daid |-ing -ig |-r -a^; ES -a(r
dyed-in-the-wool 'daidntSa'wul, 'daidmtJa-
dyeing from dye 'daiig
dyestuff 'dai^stAf
dying /rom die 'dang
Dyke, van vaen'daik
dyke daik | dyked daikt
Dykema 'daikama
Dykstra 'daikstra
Dymond 'daimand
dynameter dai'naemata^; ES -'naemataCr
dynamic dai'naemik |-al -1 j-ally -li, -ikli
dynamism 'dainajmizam |-mist -mist
dynamite 'daina^mait |-mited -^maitid
dynamo 'daina^mo
dynamometer ^daina'mamata'; ES -'mama-
ta(r, -'mnm-
dynast 'dainaest, 'dainast
dynastic dai'naestik [-al -1 j-ally -Ii, -ikli
dynasty 'dainasti, 'dainaesti — 'dinasti is
mainly Brit.
dyne dam
Dysart 'daiza^t, -zart; ES 'daizat, -za:t
dysentery 'disn^teri
d3^sgenic dis'dsemk
Dyson 'daisn
dyspepsia di'sprp/a, -/la
dyspeptic di'speptik |-al -1 |-ally -Ii, -ikli
dysphasia dis'fega, -31a
dyspnea, -noea disp'nia
dysprosium dis'prosiam, -'pro/iam
|full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fySa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idri [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
140
E
eccentric
E, e letter i \pl E's, Es, poss E's iz
earwig 'ir^wig; ES 'lajWig, S + 'ea-; ]-wigged
e- word initial. When unstressed, this varies as
-/wigd
i-, I-, £-, or 3- according to style of speech or
Easdale 'iz^del
commonness of the word, a- is esp. freq. be-
ease iz |-s -iz |-d -d j-ful -fal ] -fully -fall
fore I (elect I'kkt, a'lekt). When only one
easel 'izl
or two prons. are given in the vocab., it is to
easement 'izmant
he understood that one or more of the others
easily 'izli, 'izili
are used by many speakers.
Easley 'izli
each itj |each's 'itjiz
east, E- ist
Eads idz |Eads's 'idziz
Eastbourne 'ist^bom, -jbam, -ba^n; ES 'ist-
eager 'iga^; ES 'ig3(r
jboan, -ban, E+-ibaan
eagle 'igl | eaglet 'iglit
Eastcheap 'ist^tjip, 'isjtjip
eagre 'iga^, 'ega^; ES 'ig3(r, 'egaCr
Easter 'ista^; ES 'ista(r
Eakins 'ekinz |-'s -iz
easterly 'ista^b; ES 'istali
Eames emz, imz |Eames's 'emziz, ^imziz
eastern Usta^n; ES 'istan; |-er -a^; ES -a(r;
Eamon de Valera 'laman dsvaUera, -Uera,
|-most -jHiost, -mast — 'istana^ is sometimes
-'lira
heard by r-dissimilation {§121).
can in |eaned Ind |eanling 'inlig
Eastertide 'ista^^taid; ES 'ista^taid
ear ir; ES i3(r, S+£3(r; |-ed -d
East Greenwich RI 'ist 'grin witj*, loc.+
earache 'ir^ek; S + 'er^ek
-'grimds, -itX
eardrop 'ir^drap; ES 'la^drap, ^la^drnp.
Eastham 'istam. Mass Zoc. + 'istsm
S + 'ea-
East Ham 'ist'haem
eardrum 'ir,drAm; ES 'i3jdrAm, S + 'ea-
Eastman 'istman
earl yl; ES si, yl; |-dom -dam
Easton 'istan
early 's^li; ES 'sli, 'yli
eastward 'istwa^d; ES 'istwad
earmark 'ir,mark; E 'la^matk, -jma:k; S
easy 'izi | -going -'goig ('easy, going 'man)
'i3jraa:k, '23-
eat it |ate et |eaten 'itn |eat dial, past £t, it —
earn yn; ES sn, yn; |-ed -d
8t is occas. in cultivated S, see ate.
earnest 'ynist, -ast; ES 'sn-, 'yn-
eatable 'itabl
earnings 'yniQz; ES 'anigz, 's^n-
Eaton 'itn jEatonton 'itntan |-town 'itn^taun
earphone 'ir^fon; ES 'i3jfon, S + 'es-
Eau Claire jo'kkr, jo'klaer; E jo'kl£a(r, ES
earring 'ir^rig; ES 'i3jrio, S + 'eaiOO
,o'klaea(r
Earsdon 'irzd3n; ES 'i3z-; /oc. + 'jazn
Eau de Cologne jodaka'lon
earshot \rjat; ES 'i3iJ"at, 'i3j/Dt, S + 'es-
eaves ivz
earth yO; ES 3O, yO; |-th's -Os
eavesdrop 'ivz^drap; ES + -jdrDp; |-ped -t
earthborn 'yOjbarn; ES '30,b33n, 'yO^baan
ebb zh lebbed ebd |ebb-tide 'eb'taid, -;taid
earthbound 'yG,baund; ES 'sG-, 'yO-
Ebenezer jeba'ttiza", ES ,£ba'mza(r
earthen 'yGan; ES 'sGan, 'yGan
Ebensburg 'ebanz^byg; ES -ibsg, -jbyg
earthenware 's^Gan^wer, -jwaer; E 'sGan-
ebon 'fiban | ebony 'ebani
jW£a(r, 'yG-, ES -jwaea(r
ebriate adj 'ibriit |ebriated 'ibn^etid
earthling 's^Oliij ; ES 'sGlig, 'yGlig
ebriety i'braiati
earthly 'yOli; ES '3OI1, 'yBli
Ebro 'ibro, 'ebro
earthquake 'yGjkwek; ES bG-, 'yQ-
ebulhence I'bAljans, I'bAhans |-cy -i |-nt -nt
earthshine 'yGjain; ES 'sG-, 'yG-
ebullition ^eba'li/an
earthward 'yOwa^d; ES 'sGwad, 'yGwad
ecarte ,ekar'te; ES ,eka:'te; (Fr ekar'te)
earthwork VGjwyk; ES 'sG^wak, 'yG^wyk
ecce homo 'eksi'homo, 'tkE-
earthworm 'yG^wym; ES 'sG^wsm, 'yG^wyin
eccentric ik'sentnk, sk- |-al -I j-ally -h, -ikli
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg langr>' 'aeg-gri
|bath bae6; E baG (§10) |ah a [far far |watch watj", wot/ (§12) |jaw d^o [gorge gards |go go
eccentricity
141
-ediy
eccentricity ^eksan'trisati, jEksen-
Ecclefechan jEkl'fEkan, -'fexan
Eccles 'eklz [-'s -iz
Ecclesiastes ijklizi^^stiz |-tes' -tiz
ecclesiastic ijklizi'sestik |-al -1 j-ally -li, -ikli
ecclesiasticism i jklizi 'aests jSizam
Ecclesiasticus ijklizi^aestikas |-'s -iz
echelon 'ejajlan, -}mi {Fr e/'Io)
echinoderm e'kainajda^m, 'ekina-; ES -^dsm,
-jdym
echinus s'kainas |echini s^kainai
echo 'eko | echoed 'ekod 1-ing 'ekawig
echoic £'ko-ik
eclair e'kler, e'klaer, i-; E -'kkaCr, ES
-'klae3(r
eclat I'kla, e'kia {Fr e'kla)
eclectic ikUektik, £k- j-ticism -jSizam
eclipse i^klips jeclipses i^klipsiz |-d -t
ecliptic I'kliptik, i-
eclogue 'ekbg, -lag, -log
ecology i'kabdsi; ES + -'kDl-
economic jika^namik, j£k-; ES+-'nmn-; \-s -s
|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
economist I'kansnust, I-; ES+-'kDn-
economize I'kanajinaiz, i-; ES + -'kDn-; j-s -iz
|-d -d I -my -mi
ecru 'ekru, 'ekru, e'kru {Fr e'kry)
ecstasy 'ekstasi
ecstatic ik'staetik, £k- |-ally -h, -ikli
ectoderm 'ektajds'm; ES -jdam, -^dym
ectoplasm 'ektajplaszam
Ecuador 'ekwajdor; ES 'ekwajdaaCr
Ecuadorian jEkwa'dorian, -'dor-; S -'dorian
ecumenic jEkju'menik j-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
eczema 'eksama, 'egzama, -ima, igVima
-ed, -d ending of the past and pptc, and of cer-
tain adjectives. Pronounced -t after voiceless
consonant sounds except t (walk-ed wak-t,
price-d prais-t, reach-ed ritj-t) ; pronounced
-d after vowel and voiced conso7iants sounds
except d (paw-ed pa-d, free-d fri-d, dragg-ed
draeg-d, prized praiz-d, horn-ed harn-d,
age-d eds-d); pronounced -id or -ad after
t b- d (state-d 'stet-id, -ad, fatt-ed 'faet-id,
-ad, wood-ed 'wud-id, -ad, raid-ed 'red-id,
-ad, padd-ed 'paed-id, -ad) ; in a few adjec-
tives pronounced -id, -ad also after other
consonants than t 6" d (age-d 'edj-id, -ad,
crabb-ed 'kraeb-id, -ad, bless-ed 'bles-id.
-ad, two-legg-ed 'tu'kg-id, -ad). With
different speakers the unstressed vowel of -ed
{when sounded at all) varies from a sound
like that in bit bit to one like the last vowel
in method 'meOad. Very often it is a sound
made with the tongue higher than the central
position {that for a), and back of that for i
{phonetic symbol i). In the vocabulary, as a
nde, only the pronunciation -id is given, it
being understood that many speakers instead
pronounce -id, or {fewer in the E dr S) -ad
as in method 'mEGad. The difference be-
tween -ad &= -id or -az &° -iz is sometimes
phonemic — used to distinguish words other-
wise alike, as quotaed {Jefferson) 'kwotad,
quoted 'kwotid, or Louisa's lu'izaz,
Louise's lu'iziz, aitd often in ES: Caesars
'sizaz, seizes 'siziz or mattered 'maetad,
matted 'maetid.
Edam 'idam, 'idaem {Du e'dam)
Edda 'sda
eddy, E- 'Edi | eddied 'fidid
Eddystone light 'sdistan. Pa hor. 'EdijSton
edelweiss 'edl^vais |-es -iz
edema i'dima |-mata -mata |-tous -tas
Eden 'idn |-ton 'idntan
Edgar 'edga^; ES 'Edga(r
edge Eds ledges 'sdsiz [edged sdsd
Edgerton 'Edsa'tan; ES 'edsatan
edgeways 'Eds^wez |edgewise 'Edg^waiz
Edgeworth 'Edswa^O; ES 'fidswaQ
edible 'Edabl [edibility jsda'bilati
edict 'idikt
edification ^Edafa'ke/an
edifice 'Edafis [edifices 'Edafisiz |-d -t
edify 'Eda^fai [edified 'sda^faid
edile 'idail
Edinburg US 'sdn^byg, 'Edm-; ES -ibsg,
-ibyg
Edinburgh Scotl 'Edn^bs^o, 'Edm-, -a; ES
-jbsr-, -jbAr-, -;by-; {Brit. pro7i. 'Edinbra,
'Edn-, -bara, -^bAra)
Edison 'sdasn
edit 'Edit [edited 'Editid
Edith 'idie
edition I'di/an, i'dijan
editor 'sdita'; ES 'Edita(r; [-ship -j/ip
editorial jEda'torial, -'tar-; S -'tor-; |-ly -i
-edly ending of advs formed on -ed words, as
[full ful [tooth tue [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Edmondson
142
eider
designedly di^zainidli — Advs in -edly are
effete e'fit, i-
only given in the vocabulary when the pron.
efficacious ^efa'kejas
cannot be inferred from the form in -ed, as
efficacy 'efakasi
disguised dis'gaizd but disguisedly dis-
efficiency a'fajansi, i-j |-ent -ant
'gaizidli. But disgustedly dis'gAstidli is
Effie 'efi
not entered, since the pron. can be found by
effigy 'efadsi
adding -h directly to dis'gAstid. For the
Effingham US 'efig^haem; Engd -igam
vowels in -edly see -ed b' -ly in the vocab.
effloresce jEflo'res, -fb-; S -flo-; |-s -iz \-d -t
The pron. of -edness as -idnis or -dnis
1-cence -ns |-cency -nsi
usually follows that of -edly.
effluence 'sfluans, 'efliuans |-s -iz
Edmondson, -nson 'edmansn
effluvium E'fluviam, i-, -'fhu- |-via -via
Edmonton 'edmantan
efflux 'efUks [effluxes 'efLvksiz
Edmund 'edmand, before some conss. + '8dm3n
effort 'efa^t; ES 'efat
('edmand'smiO, '£dm3n'smi9)
effrontery a'frAntan, i-
Edmundston 'edmanstan
effulge E'fAlds, i- |-s -iz I-d -d j-nce -ans
Edna 'edna
|-ncy -ansi [-nt -ant
-edness ending, see -edly
effuse adj E^fjus, i-, -'fius |-sive -iv
Edom ^dam |Edomite 'idanijait
effuse V e'fjuz, i-, -'fmz |-s -iz |-d -d
educability jgdsaka^bilati, jcdsu-
effusion a'fjusan, i-, £-, -'fiusan
educable 'edsakabl, 'edsu-
eft eft [eftsoon eft'sun |-soons -'sunz
educate 'edsajket, 'ed3u- |-d -id
e.g. 'i'dsi, ig'zemplai'grej'ia, farig'zaempl
educator 'edsa^keta^, 'edsu-; ES -jketa(r
egad I'gaed, i'gaed
education jedja'kejan, ^edsu-
egalitarian iigaela'terian, i-, -'ter-
educational jEdsa'keJanl, itdsu-, -Jnal j-ist
Egbert 'ggba-t; ES 'egbat
-1st |-ly -I
Egerton 'edsa^tan; ES 'edsatan
educative 'edsajketiv, ^ed^v-
egest i'djEst |-ed -id
educe I'djus, I'dms, I'dus, i- ]-s -iz |-d -t
Egeus myth. Hdsjus, -dsus, Shak. i'dsias
eductive i^Aktiv, i- |-tion -kjan
l-'s -IZ
Edward 'gdwa'd; ES 'edwad; |-s -z |-s's -ziz
egg 8g legged Egd
Edwardian, -dean edVordian; ES ed'waadian
Eggleston 'eglz-tan, ^Egl-stan
Edwin 'gdwin jEdwina ed'wina, -Vina
eggnog 'Eg'nag, 'fig/nag, -'nog, -,nDg
eel il
eggplant 'Egjplaent; E+-jplant, -^plant
eelgrass 'iljgraes; E-h-^gras, -jgras
eggshell '£g;/El
eelpout 'iljpaut
egis 4d3is |egises 'idsisiz
e'en in
Eglamore 'Egbjinor, -^mar; ES -jmoa(r.
e'er ga^; ES ea(r
E-i--jm3a(r; |-mour -jinor; ES -jmua(r
eerie, -ry 'in, 'iri
eglantine 'Eglan^tain, -jtin
ef ef
ego 'igo, 'Ego |-ism -jizam |-ist -ist
efface I'fes, e- |-faces -'fesiz [-faced -'fast
egocentric jigo'sEntrik, jEgo-
effect a'fekt, I'fekt, £~ |-fected -'fektid
egotism 'iga^tizain, 'Eg- [-tist -tist
effective a'fektiv, i-
egotistic jiga'tistik, jEg- |-al -1 [-ally -li, -ikh
effector a'fekta^, i-; ES -'fektaCr
egregious I'gridsas, I'gridsias
effectual a^fekt/ual, -t/ul, i- |-ly -i
egress n 'igiES [egresses 'igrEsiz
effectuality ajfektju'selati, i-
egress v I'grES, i- [-es -iz [-ed -t
effectuate a'fekt/ujet, i- |-ated -^etid
egret 'igrit, -grEt, 'e-
effeminacy a'femanasi, i- |-nate -nit
Egypt 'idsapt, 'idsipt [-ptian I'dsip/an, i-
efferent 'efarant
Egj^tology jidsip'taladsi; ES-h-'tol-
effervesce ^efa^Ves; ES jEfaVes; |-s -iz |-d -t
eh e, E and various other inquiring sounds
|-cence -ns |-cent -nt
eider 'aida^; ES 'aida(r
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [j^et JEt [sang saeg [angr>' 'aeg-gri
[bath baeG; E baG (§10) jah a [far far [watch watj, wotj" (§12) [jaw dsa (gorge gards [go go
Eiffel
143
electron
Eiffel 'aifl
Eldorado Calif jElda'rado; III, Kas, Mo
eight et | eighth etG [eighty 'eti |-ieth -iiO
jElda'redo
|-ieths -iiGs
eldritch, E- 'EldritJ |Eldritch's 'Eldritjiz
eighteen e'tin, 'e'tin ('eigh^teen 'years)
Eleanor 'Elana^, 'filma'; ES -na(r
eightfold adj, adv 'et'fold ('eight^fold 'loss)
Eleanora jEla'nora, fiha-, -'nara; S -'nora
eightpenny 'et^pEni, -pani
Eleazar, -er jEli'eza^; ES jEli'eza(r
eikon, E- 'aikan; ES + 'aikon
elecampane jElakam'pen, jeIi-
Eileeu ai'lin ('Eijleen 'Johnson)
elect I'kkt, a'kkt |-lected -'kktid
Einstein 'amstain |-ian ain'stamian
election I'lek/an, a'kkjan
Eire 'era, 'Era |Eireann 'eran, 'eran
electioneer i^kkjaii'ir, a-; ES -'ia(r, S+-'£a(r;
eisteddfod e'steSvad, 8-, -vod
l-ed -d
either 'iSa^, much less freq. 'ai'Sa^ ; ES -tJaCr
elective I'kktiv, a'kktiv
ejaculate I'dsaekjajet, i'dsaekju- |-d -id
elector I'kkta', a-; ES -'kkta(r
ejaculation ijdsaekja'lejan, i^dsaekju-
electoral I'kktaral, a- |-ly -i [-rate -rit, -trit
ejaculatory I'dsaekjala^tori, i'ds^ekju-, -itari;
Electra I'kktra
S -iton
electress I'kktris, a- j-es -iz
eject n 'idsekt
electric I'kktrik, a- |-al -1 |-ally -Ii, -ikli
eject V I'djekt, i- j-jected -'dsektid
electrician i;kk'tnjan, a-, jilsk'tn/an
ejecta i'dsekta
electricity ijkk'trisati, a-, jikk'trisati
ejection I'dsek/an, i- |-tment -'dsektmant
electrification ijkktrafa'ke/an, a-
eke adv ik
electrify i'kktra jfai, a- |-fied -^faid
eke V ik [eked ikt
electro I'kktro, a-
eUl
electroanalysis i^kktroa'naelasis, a-
elaborate adj I'laebarit, a-, -'labrit
electrochemical ijkktro'kEinikl, a- j-ly -i
elaborate v I'laebairet, a- | -rated -^retid
electrochemist ijkktro'kEiiust, a- |-ry -ri
elaboration ijlaeba 're/an, a-
electrocute I'kktra^kjut, a-, -^kiut |-d -id
Elaine I'len, a'len
electrocution ijkktra'kju/an, a-, -'kiu/an
Elam 'ilam |-ite -^ait |-itic ^ila'mitik
electrode I'kktrod, a-
elan Fr e'15
electrodeposit ijkktrodi'pazit, 3-; ES +
eland 'Hand
-'pDZlt
elapse I'laeps, a- \-s -iz [-d -t
electrodynamics ijEktrodai'naemiks, a-
elastic I'laestik, a- |-ally -li, -ikh
electroencephalograph ijkktro-En'sEfalajgraef,
elasticity ijlaes'tisati, a-, jilaes'tisati
9-; E+-jgraf, -jgraf
elate I'let, i- |-lated -'letid
electrograph I'kktrOigraef, a-; E+-af, -af
elation I'le/an, i-
electrokinetics i^kktroki'nEtiks, a-, -kai-
Elba 'Elba
electrolysis i^kk'tralasis, a-; ES+-'trDl-
Elbe Elb (Ger 'elba)
electrolyte i'kktra jkit, a-
Elbert 'elba^t; ES 'elbat
electrolytic i^kktra'litik, a-
elbow 'eljbo | elbowed 'el^bod
electrolyze i'kktra ^laiz, a- |-s -iz |-d -d
elbowroom 'Elbojrum, -^rum
electromagnet ijkktro'maegnit, a-
eld eld
electromagnetic ijkktromaeg'nEtik, a- \-s -s
elder 'elda^; ES 'sldaCr
electromagnetism ijkktro'maegnajtizam, a-
elderberry 'Elda'jbEri, 'elda-, -ban, -bri; ES
electrometallurgy i;kktro'm£tl,yd5i, a-, -iiie-
'Elda-; The second pron. results from
'taela^dsi; ES -isd^i, -j^dsi, -'taeladsi
r-dissimilation {§121).
electrometer ijkk'tramata^, a-, jikk-; ES
elderly 'Elda^h; ES 'eldah
-'tramata(r, -'trDmata(r
eldest 'Eldist
electromotive ijkktra'motiv, a-
Eldora El'dora, -'dara; S -'dora
electromotor ijkktra'mota', a-; ES -'mota(r
El Dorado myth. ^Elda'rado, Ark city -'redo
electron I'kktran, a-; ES+-tnon
|full ful [tooth tu6 [further 'fySa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
electroplate
144
Eloise
electroplate I'lektra^plet, a- |-d -id
Elimelech I'limajek, a-
electroscope I'kktrajskop, 9-
ehminate I'limajnet, a- |-nated -^netid
electroscopic ijlEktra'skapik, a-; ES + -^
skop-
elimination ijlima'ne/an, a-
electrostatic i^kktra'staetik, a- [-al -1
l-ally
Elinor 'ehna^; ES 'elinaCr
-h, -ikh
Eliot 'chat, 'eljat
electrotherapeutic i^lEktrojGera'pjutik
, 3-,
Eliphalet I'hfalit, a-
-'piu- |-al -1
Eliphaz 'ela^faez |-'s -iz
electrotherapy ijlektro'eerapi, a-
Elis 'ihs |-'s -IZ
electrotype I'lektrajtaip, a- |-d -t
Elisabeth I'lizabaG, 9 — see Elizabeth
electrum I'kktram, a-
Elisha I'lai/a, a-
electuary I'lekt/u^eri, a-
eHsion I'lisan
eleemosynary jEla'masnjEri, fihs-;
ES +
elite I'lit, e'lit
-'niDS-
elixir I'hksa^; ES i'liksa(r
elegance 'elagans 1-cy -i |-gant -gant
Eliza i^laiza
elegiac i'lid3i,aek, a-, ^ela'dsaiaek, -ak
Elizabeth I'lizabaO, a- |-ton -tan |-town
elegiacal jgla'dsaiakl
-jtaun — spelt with z in the 1611 Bible
elegize 'ebjdsaiz \-s -iz J-d -d
Elizabethan ijliza'biGan, a-, -'beGan, I'liza-
elegy ^adsi |-gist -dsist
jbeGan
element 'elamant
elk elk
elemental jcla'tnentl [-ly -i ]-tary -tsn.
-tri
Elkanah 'elkana, el'kena
Elena 'elana
Elkhart 'elk, hart; ES -,ha:t, E+-,lia:t
Eleonora jela'nora, jElia-, -^nara; S -'nora
ell el — The n sound was lost from ell (OE eln
elephant 'Elafant |-a jEla'faenta
measure) in the same way as from kiln, mill,
elephantiasis jslafan'taiasis, -faen-
Milne.
elephantine iela'fsentin, -tain, -tin
Ella 'ela
Eleusinian jelju'sinian
Ellen 'elm, -an
Eleusis e'lusis, a-, -'liusis |-sis' -sis
Ellesmere 'elzmir; ES -miaCr
elevate 'elajvet |-d -id |-tor -a^; ES -a(r
Ellice Islands 'ebs'ailandz, -lanz
elevation jelaVe/an
Elliott 'ehat, 'eljat
eleven I'kvan, I'levm, a- j-th -anO |-ths
-anOs
ellipse I'lips, a- \-s -iz
elf elf |-'s -s 1 elves elvz |-in -m
ellipsis i^ipsis, a- |-pses -psiz
elfish '£lfi/, 'eIvi/
ellipsoid lUipsaid, a-
elflock 'elf^lak; ES+-M
ellipsoidal ijip'saidl, a-, jelip'saidl
Elfrida E^frida
elliptic I'liptik, a- |-al -1 |-ally -h, -ikh
Elgar 'elga-; ES 'elgaCr
ellipticity i^lip'tisati, a-, jclipHisati
Elgin US 'eldsin; C, Scotl, Lord, marble
Ellis 'elis l-'s -IZ
'elgin
Ellsworth 'elzwa^G; ES 'elzwaG
Elginshire '£lgin;Xir, -JV; ES -Jia(r, -/a(r
elm elm
El Greco ergreko, -^greko
Elmer 'elma^; ES 'elmaCr
Eli 'ilai
Elmira el'maira
Elia 'iha
Elmo 'elmo
Elias i^Iaias |-'s -iz
El Modena jclmo'dina
elicit I'lisit |-ed -id
Elmore 'elmor, -mar; ES -moa(r, E+-maa(r
elide I'laid |-lided -'laidid
elocution iela'kjujan, -'kiu- |-ary -ieri
eligibiUty jclidga'bilati
Elohim e'lohim, -him j-hist -hist |-hism
eligible 'elid3abl |-bly -bli
-hizam
EHhu Bible I'laihju, -hiu; Am name 'Ela^hju,
Elohistic ,elo'histik
-jhiu
eloign, eloin I'lain j-ed -d
Elijah I'laidsa, a-
Eloise 'Heloise' jclo'iz, £«g natne jela'wiz
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'p'^i (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeij |angn,' 'teij-gn
[bath baeG; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far [watch wat/, wotj (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
elongate
145
embracer
elongate I'bgget, I'log-; S+i'Iag-; |-gated
-getid
elongation ijbg'ge/an, lilog-, ^ibg-, iilog-;
S+-ag-
elope I'lop, 3- j-d -t
eloquence 'ebkwans j-quent -kwant
El Paso el'pjeso
Elphinstone 'elfinstan
Elsa 'elsa {Ger 'eIzq:)
El Salvador el'saelvajdor; ES -jdo3(r; {Sp
-iSaipa'tJar)
Elsass Ger 'elzas
else eIs [else's 'eIsiz
El Segundo jelsa'gAndo, -'gun-
elsewhere 'elsjhwEr, -^hwaer; E -^hweaCr, ES
-jhwae3(r
Elsie 'elsi
Elsinore 'elsainor, -jnor; ES -jno3(r, E +
-jn33(r; acci + jElsi Wre
Elsmere 'elzmir; ES -mi3(r
Elspeth 'slspae
Elsworthy 'elzwySi; ES -wstSi, -wytJi
Eltham Kent 'eltam, 'ElGam — 'ElOam is a sp.
pron.
elucidate I'lusa^det, I'lius- |-d -id
elucidation ijlusaMe/an, ijlius-
elude I'lud, iHiud |-d -id
elusive I'lusiv, I'liusiv j-sory -san
elves elvz
Elvira ei'vaira
elvish 'eIviJ
Ely 'ih, pers. name +^i\ai, cfEli
Elyot 'sliat, 'eljat
Elyria i^iris, a-
Elysia I'lisia, I'lizia
Elysian I'lisan, I'hsian
Elysium I'ligiam, I'liziam
elzevir, E- 'flzava', -jVir; ES -V3(r, -jVi3(r
em Em
'em unstressed only am, after p or b+m (keep
'em 'kipm, mob 'em 'mabm) — When tin-
stressed, hem, the native Eng word for 'them,'
lost its h sound just as do he, her, his, him
when unstressed. Hem and hit lost the letter
h also. The mistaken belief that 'em is an
abbreviation of them has led some to avoid it,
hut it is in excellent colloquial use.
em- unstressed prefix im-, Em — see en-
emaciate I'me/ijct |-ated -,etid
emaciation ijme/i'ejan, i^mesi-
emanate 'Emajnet |-d -id |-tion ;Ema'ne/an
emancipate I'maensajpet |-pated -^petid
emancipation i^maensa'pejan
Emanuel I'maenjual, -jeI
emasculate I'maeskjajlet |-lated -jletid
emasculation ijmaeskja'lejan
embalm im'bam |-ed -d
embank im'baegk |-ed -t
embar Em'bar; ES -'ba:(r, E+-'ba:(r; |-red -d
embarcation jEmbar^keJan; ES -ba:-, E +
-bar-
embargo im'bargo; ES -'ba:-, E+-'ba:-;
l-ed -d
embark im'bark; ES -'ba:k, E+-'ba:k; |-ed -t
embarkation jEmbar'keJan; ES -ba:-, E +
-ba:-
embarrass im'baeras, -is |-es -iz |-ed -t
embassador im'baesada^; ES -'baesada(r
embassage 'Embasids |-s -iz |-bassy -basi
embattle Em'bajtl |-d -d |-ling -'baetjig, -tlig
embay Em'be [-ed -d
embed im'bsd |-ded -id
embellish im'bEliJ" |-es -iz |-ed -t
ember 'Emba^; ES '£mba(r
embezzle im'bEzl |-ed -d |-ling -'bEzlig, -zlig
embitter im'bita'; ES -'bita(r; j-ed -d
emblaze Em'blez |-s -iz |-d -d
emblazon em'blezn |-ed -d |-ing -znig, -znig
emblem 'fimblam |-ed -d
emblematic ^Embla'maetik |-al -I j-ally -li,
-ikh
embodiment im'badimant; ES+-'bijdi-
embody im'badi; ES+-'bDdi; j-ied -d
embolden im'boldn |-ed -d |-ing -dnig, -dnig
embolic Em'bahk; ES + -'bDl-
embolism 'Emba^lizam |-lus -las j-li -jlai
embonpoint Fr abo'pwie
embosom Ein'buzam, -'buzam |-ed -d
emboss im'bas, -'bns [-es -iz |-ed -t
embouchure jambu'/ur; ES -'/uaCr; {Fr
abu'/y.r)
embow sm'bo j-ed -d
embowel Em'baual, -'baul |-ed -d
embower Em'baua^; ES -'bau'a(r; ]-ed -d j-ing
-'bauarig, -'baurig
embrace im'bres |-s -iz |-d -t
embraceor Em'bresa^; ES -'bresa(r; |-cery -i
embracer im'bresa^; ES -'bresa(r
|full ful [tooth tue [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision Visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
embranchment
146
empyreal
embranchment em'braentjmant ; E + -'brant/-,
-'brant/-
embrasure 2in'bre53^; ES -'bre33(r; |-d -d
embrocate 'embrojket |-cated -^ketid
embrocation jembro'kejan
embroider im'brDida^; ES -'braidaCr; |-ed -d
|-ing -dang, -driij |-y -dan, -dn
embroil em'brDil |-ed -d
embrown em'braun |-ed -d
embrue em'bru, -'bnu |-d -d
embryo 'embrijO
embryologic jembri3'lad3ik;ES+-'lDd3-; |-al
-1 I -ally -h, -ikh
embryologist iEmbri'aladsist; ES+-'d1-; |-gy
-d3i
embryonic jembn'anik; ES+-'Dn-; |-ally -li,
-ikh
Emden 'emdan
emeer a'mir; ES a'miaCr; |-ate -it
Emeline 'emajain, -jlin
emend i'm£nd |-ed -id
emendate 'imanjdet |-dated -jdetid
emendation ^imen'dej'an, -man-, jEinan-
'de/an
emendator 'iman^deta^, 'Eman-; ES -jdeta(r
emendatory I'mendajtori, -jtari; S -jtori
emerald 'Emarald, 'Emrald
emerge i'myd3; ES i'm3d3, i'myd3; |-s -iz
l-d-d
emergence i'm3'd3ans; ES i'm3d3-, I'myds-;
|-cy -I I -gent -d3ant
emeritus I'meratas |-ti -^tai
emersed i'm^st; ES i'msst, i'myst
emersion i'my/an, -san; ES -'ms-, -'my-
Emerson 'Eina^sn; ES 'emasn
emery 'emari, 'emri |-ied -d
emetic I'mEtik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
emigrant 'emagrant, -^graent
emigrate 'Emajgret |-d -id |-tion jEma'greJan
emigre 'Emajgre {Fr emi'gre)
Emil 'iml
Emilia I'milia, iWilja
Emily 'ehiIi
eminence 'fimanans |-cy -i |-nent -nant
emir a'mir; ES a'mia(r; |-ate -it
emissary 'EmajSEri
emission I'mi/an
emit I'mit [emitted I'mitid
Emma 'Ema
Emmanuel I'msenjual
Emmaus E'meas, 'Emias |-'s -iz
EmmeMne 'Emajlain, -^lin
emmet, E- 'Emit
Emmetsburg, Emmits- 'Emits^byg; ES -jbag,
-^byg
emollient I'maljant, -hant; ES-f-'mol-
emolument I'maljamant; ES-t--'mDl-
Emory 'Eman
emotion I'mojan j-al -1, -J"nal |-ally -li, -/nah
emotionalism I'mojanljizam, -'mojnaljizain
emotionality i^mofan'selati
emotionalization ijino/anla'ze/an, -Jnala-,
-ai'z-
emotionalize I'mojanljaiz, -Jnal- [-s -iz |-d -d
emotive I'motiv
empale im'pel j-d -d
empanel imVaen] 1-ed -d
empathic Em'paefiik 1-ally -li, -ikli
empathy 'smpaGi
Empedocles Ein'pedajkliz |-'s -iz
emperor 'Empara^; ES 'emparaCr
empery 'Empari
emphasis 'emfasis j-phases -fajsiz
emphasize 'Emfa^saiz [-s -iz j-d -d
emphatic im'faetik [-al -1 j-ally -li, -ikli
empire 'Empair; ES '£inpaia(r
empiric Em'pirik |-al -1 |-aUy -li, -ikk
empiricism Em'pirajSizam [-cist -sist
emplacement im'plesmant
employ im'pbi |-ed -d |-ment -mant
employee, -ye, -ye im'pbi!'i» iCnipbi'i
employer im'pbia^, -'pbj^"; ES -'pbi'a(r,
-'pbja(r
empoison Em'pDizn j-ed -d |-ing -znig, -znig
Emporia Em'poria, -'par-; S -'pona
emporium Ein'poriam, -'par-; S -'ponam; [-s
-z |-ia -la
empower im'paua^; ES -'pau-aCr; |-ed -d |-ing
-'paurig, -'pauarig
empress 'Empris |-es -iz
emprise, -ze Em'praiz |-s -iz
emption 'Emp/an |-al -1
empty 'Einpti |-ied -d
empurple Ein'pypl; ES -'p3pj, -'ps^pl; [-d -d
I -ling -phg, -plig
empyema jEmpi'ima, -pai- [-mata -'imata,
-'Emata
empyreal Em'pirial, jEmpa'rial, -pai-
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet JEt |sang saeg |angn,' 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) [ah a |far far |watch wat/, wotj (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards |go go
empyrean
147
endocrinology
empyrean jEmps'ridn,
V
-pai-
emu imju, 'imiu
emulate adj 'emjaht
emulate v 'emjajlet ] -la ted -^letid |-tive -iv
emulation jEmja'leJan
emulator 'Einjajeta^; ES -JetaCr
emulous 'Emjalas
emulsification i^mAlsafa'keJ'an
emulsify I'mAlsa^fai |-fied -jfaid
emulsion I'mAl/an
en en
en- prefix in-, en — When wholly unstressed in
familiar words, pronounced in-, sometimes
an-. Since words vary in familiarity, and
since styles and personal habits vary, many
such words are pronounced with either in- or
zrv-. Observe that many such words are spelt
with either en- or in-, as endorse, indorse.
These facts will explain seeming inconsis-
tencies in the pron. of stich words in the vo-
cabulary. The same statements apply to the
variant em-. In these prefixes, im-, in- are
heard in more familiar words; cf im'bEzI
with Em'blezn, or i^naeml with en'klaesp.
enable in'ebl |-d -d |-ling -'eblig, -'eblig
enact in'aekt j-ed -id |-ive -iv |-ory -an
enamel I'naeml j-ed -d |-ing -mlig, -mlig
enamor in'aema^; ES -'aBm3(r; |-ed -d
en bloc En'blak; ES + -'blDk; (Fr a'blSk)
encage En'keds |-s -iz |-d -d
encamp in'kaemp |-ed -t |-ment -msnt
encase in'kes |-s -iz |-d -t
encaustic en'k3stik |-ally -li, -ikh
enceinte en'sent {Fr a's«t)
Enceladus En'sEbdas |-'s -iz
encephalic jensa^faehk
encephalitis jEnsefa'laitis, en^sEfa-
encephalon En'sEfa^lan, -jlnn |-la -la
enchain En't/en ] -chained -'t/end
enchant in't/aent; E-^-'t/ant, -'t/ant; |-ed -id
|-ress -ris |-resses -risiz
enchase En't/es |-s -iz |-d -t
encircle in^sykl; ES -'sakl, -'sykl; |-d -d
|-ling -kbg, -klig
Encke 'egka
enclasp en'klaesp; E+-'klasp, -'klasp; |-ed -t
enclave n 'Enklev {Fr a'klarv)
enclave v En'klev |-claved -'klevd
enclitic en'kbtik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikh
enclose in'kloz |-s -iz |-d -d
enclosure in'klosa^; ES -'klo33(r
encomiast En'komijaest
encomiastic En^komi^^estik |-al -1 [-ally -ji,
-ikli
encomium en^konuam |-s -z |-comia -mia
encompass in'kAmpas [-es -iz |-ed -t
encore n, v 'agkor, W-, -kar; ES -koa(r,
E+-kaa(r; |-d -d — »+en'core
encounter in'kaunta^; ES -'kaunta(r; |-ed -d
1-ing -tang, -trig
encourage in'kyids; ES -'ksr-, -'kAr-, -'ks^-;
|-s -iz |-d -d
encrimson En'krimzn [-ed -d
encroach in'krotj" |-es -iz |-ed -t
encrust in'krAst |-ed -id
encumber in'kAmba^; ES -'kAmba(r; [-ed -d
|-ing -bang, -brig
encumbrance in'kAmbrans |-s -iz
encycUcal en'siklikl, -'saik-
encyclopedia, -paed- in^saikla'pidia
encyclopedic, -paed- in^saikla'pidik |-al -1
I -ally -h, -ikh
encyclopedism, -paed- in^saikla'pidizam |-ist
-ist
encyst En'sist |-ed -id
end End [ended 'endid
endanger in'dendsa^; ES -'dendsaCr; ]-ed -d
|-ing -dsarig, -dsrig
endear in'dir; ES -'dia(r, S + -'d£a(r, -'dJ£a(r;
l-ed -d
endeavor in'deva'; ES -'dEva(r; |-ed -d [-ing
-'dEvarig, -'dEvrig
endemic En'demik |-al -1 [-ally -li, -ikli
Enderby 'Enda'bi; ES 'Endabi
endermic En'dymik; ES -'dsm-, -'dym-; |-al
-1 I -ally -Ii, -ikh
Endicott 'Endi^kat, -kat; ES+-jkDt
endive 'Endaiv, 'andiv {Fr a'di:v)
endlong 'endjag, -jlog; S+-ilag
endmost 'End^most, 'En^most
endocarditis ^Endokar'daitis; ES -ka:-, E +
-ka:-
endocardium ^Endo'kardiam; ES -'ka:d-,
E-i--'ka:d-
endocarp 'Endo^karp; ES -ika:p, E-f-^karp
endocrin ^Endo^krin
endocrine 'endojkrain |-nal jEndo'krainl
endocrinology jEndokrai'naladsi; ES + -'nDl-
|full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision Visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
endoderm
148
enough
endoderm 'Endojdym; ES -jdsm, -jdym
England 'iggland |-er -^; ES -a(r; freq.
endogamy en'dagami, -'dog-
'igland, which many regard as careless
endogenous En'dadsanas; ES+-'dDd3-
Englefield 'eggl.fild
endolymph 'endojlimf, -Jimpf
Englewood 'eggl^wud
endoparasite jcndo'paerajsait
EngUsh 'igglij |-ed -t |-man -man |-men -man
endoplasm 'Endojplaezam
|-ry -n |-woman -^wuman, -^wu- |-women
Endor 'enda^, -dar; ES 'endaCr, -doaCr
-jwimin, -■an— freq. 'igli/; see England
endorse m'dars; ES -'daas; |-s -iz |-d -t
engorge en'gard3; ES -'goads; |-s -iz |-d -d
endorsee in^dor'si, jEndor'si; ES -^daa-, -daa-
engraft En'graeft; E + -'graft, -'graft; |-ed -id
endoscope 'end3,skop
engrain in'gren |-ed -d |-edly -idli
endothelium jendo'Giliam |-lia -ha
engrave in'grev [-graved -'grevd
endothermic jEndo'Oa^mik; ES -'Gam-, -'Gym-
engross in'gros |-es -iz |-ed -t [-edly -idh
endow in'dau lendowed in'daud
engulf in'gAlf |-ed -t
endue in'dju, -'dm, -'du |-d -d
enhance in'haens; E+-'hans, -'bans; |-s -iz
endurance m'djurans, -'diur-, -'dur-
l-d-t
endure in'djur, -'diur, -'dur; ES -3(r
enharmonic jenhar'mamk ; ES -lia:'manik.
endways 'endjwez |-wise -^waiz
-'mnn-, E-i--ha:-; |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
Endymion En'dimian
Enid 'inid
Eneas I'nias [-'s -iz
enigma I'mgma
Eneid I'niid, -ad
enigmatic ^emg'maetik, ^i- |-al -1 |-ally -li.
enema 'enama
-ikli
enemy 'enami
enjambment, -bement in'dsaemmant {Fr
energetic ^ena^'dsetik; ES ^ena-; |-al -1 |-ally
asab'ma)
-h, -ikh
enjoin in'dsain |-ed -d
energize 'ena^^dsaiz; ES 'ena-; |-s -iz |-d -d
enjoy m'dsai |-ed -d
energy 'ena^dsi; ES 'enadsi
enkindle en'kmdl |-d -d |-ling -dbg, -dlig
enervate adj I'ns^vit; ES I'nsv-, I'nyv-
enlace in 'las |-s -iz |-d -t
enervate v 'ena^jvet; ES 'ena-; |-d -id
enlarge m'lards; ES -'lards, E+-'la:d3; j-s
enervation jEna-'veJan; ES ,en3-
-IZ l-d -d l-dly -idli, -dli
enfeeble in'fibl |-d -d [-ling -blig, -blig
enlighten m'laitn [-ed -d |-ing -tnig, -tnig
enfeoff tn'fef |-ed -t
enlist in'bst |-ed -id
Enfield 'enfild
enliven m'laivan |-ed -d |-ing -vanig, -vnig
enfilade jenfa'led | -laded -'ledid
en masse en'maes {Fr a'mas)
enfold in'fold |-ed -id
enmesh en'mej |-es -iz |-ed -t
enforce in'fors, -'fars; ES -'foas, E+-'faas;
enmity 'enmati
|-s -iz |-d -t j-dly -idli
ennoble I'nobl, en'nobl |-d -d |-ling -'nobhg.
enfranchise en'fraent/aiz ]-s -iz |-d -d
-'noblig
enfranchisement en'fraent/izmant
ennui 'anwi {Fr a'nqi)
engage in'geds |-s -iz |-d -d |-dly -idli
Enobarb 'ina^barb, 'tna-; ES -^ba:b, E-i-
engarland En'garland; ES -'ga:l-, E+-'ga:l-;
-jba:b
|-ed -id
Enobarbus ^ina'barbas, jEna-; ES -'ba:b-,
Engedi en'gidai
E + -'ba:b-; |-'s -iz
Engels Ger 'egals
Enoch 'inak
engender in'dsenda^; ES -'d3enda(r; |-ed -d
enorm I'norm; ES I'naam
|-ing -'dsendrig, -'dsendarig
enormous I'narmas; ES I'naamas; |-mity
engine 'endsan |-d -d |-ry -ri
-mati
engineer ^Endsa'nir; ES -'nia(r, S+-'nea(r,
Enos 'Inas |-'s -iz
-'nj£a(r; |-ed -d
enough a'nAf , I'nAf — after t, d, s, z, often n'Af
engird en'gyd; ES -'gsd, -'g3^d; |-ed -id
(gudn'Af, 'Saetsn'Af)
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg [angry 'aeg-gn
[bath baeG; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watj", wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
149
enumeration
enounce i'nauns |-s -iz |-d -t
enow I'nau
enplane en'plen |-planed -'pknd
enquire in'kwair; ES -'kwai3(r; |-d -d |-ry -i
enrage in 'reds \-s -iz |-d -d j-dly -idli, -dli
enrapture in'raeptja^; ES -'raept/aCr; |-d -d
enravish En'raevi/ |-es -iz |-ed -t
enregister en'redsista- ; ES -ta(r; |-ed -d |-ing
-trig, -tang
enrich in'ritj |-es -iz |-ed -t
enrobe en'rob | -robed -Vobd
enroll, -ol in'rol |-(l)ed -d
enroot en'rut, -'rut |-ed -id
Enroughty en'rauti — 'da:bi is not a pronun-
ciation oj Enroughty, hut a substitution for
it.
en route an'rut {Fr a 'rut)
ensample en'saempj; E + -'sampl, -'sampl
ensanguine En'saeggwin j-d -d
ensconce gn'skans; ES-h-'skons; |-s -iz |-d -t
ensemble an'sambl {Fr a'sa:bl)
enshade En'Jed | -shaded -'/edid
enshrine in '/rain j-d -d
enshroud en'/raud |-ed -id
ensign n 'ensain, m/. + 'ensn
ensign v en'sain |-ed -d
ensilage 'ens lids
ensile en'sail, 'ensail |-d -d
enslave in'slev |-slaved -'slevd
ensnare en'sner, -'snaer; E -'sn£3(r, ES
-'snae3(r; |-d -d
ensphere en'sfir; ES -'sfi3(r, S+-'sf£3(r
ensue en'su, -'siu, -'sju |-d -d
en suite an'swit {Fr a'sqit)
ensure in'Jur; ES -'/u3(r; |-d -d
enswathe en'sweS | -swathed -'sweSd
entablature en'taebbtja^; ES -t/aCr
entablement en'teblmant
entail in'tel |-ed -d
entangle in'taeggl |-d -d |-ling -glig, -glig
entelechy en'telaki
entente an'tant {Fr a'ta:t)
enter 'enta^; ES -t3(r; |-ed -d |-ing -tang,
-trig
enteric en'terik |-ritis jgnta'raitis
enteron 'enta^ran; ES-F-jron
enterprise 'enta^jpraiz, 'enta-; ES 'enta-; |-s
-IZ |-d -d — In the second pron. a' becomes a
by dissimilation {§121).
entertain ^enta^'ten; ES ^enta-; |-ed -d
enthrall, -al in'Oral |-(l)ed -d
enthrone in'Oron |-d -d
enthronize en'Oronaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
enthuse in'Ojuz, -'Oiuz, -'6uz |-s -iz |-d -d
enthusiasm in'Ojuzijaezam, -'Oiuz-, -'8uz-
|-ast -jaest
enthusiastic injOJuzi'aestik, -jOiuz-, -j6uz- |-al
-1 I -ally -h, -ikk
enthymeme '£nOa/mim
entice in'tais |-s -iz [-d -t
entire in'tair; ES -'taia(r; |-ty -ti ('en^tire
'length)
entitle in'taitl |-d -d |-ling -tjig, -tbg
entity 'entati
entoil En'tail |-ed -d
entomb in'tum |-ed -d j-ment -'tummant
entomologic ^entama'ladsik; ES-h-'lods-;
l-al -1 l-ally -li, -ikli
entomologist ^enta'maladsist; ES-H-'mol-;
l-gy -dsi
entourage ^antu'ras {Fr atu'rais)
entr'acte an'traekt {Fr a'trakt)
entrails 'entralz
entrain in'tren ]-ed -d
entrance n 'entrans |-s -iz |-trant -trant
entrance v in'traens; E-i- -'trans, -'trans; |-s
-IZ |-d -t |-dly -idli
entrap in'traep [-trapped -'traept
entreasure en'tresa^; ES -'tr83a(r; |-d -d
entreat in'trit |-ed -id |-y -i
entree 'antre {Fr fi'tre)
entremets 'antra^me \pl -mets -jmez {Fr
Stra'niE)
entrench in'trent/ |-es -iz |-ed -t
entre nous Fr atra'nu
entrepot 'antraipo {Fr atra'po)
entrepreneur ^antrapra'ny; ES -'n3(r, -'ns^;
{Fr atrapra'noerr)
entropy 'entrapi
entrust in'trAst |-ed -id
entry 'entri
entwine in'twain |-d -d
entwist en'twist |-ed -id
enucleate adj I'njukliit, I'niu-, I'nu-, -^et
enucleate v I'njukhjet, I'niu-, I'nu- j-d -id
enucleation ijnjukli'e/an, i^niu-, i^nu-
enumerate i'n)uma/ret, I'niu-, I'nu- |-d -id
enumeration ijnjuma're/an, i^niu-, i,nu-
IfuU ful |tooth tuB [further 'fytJa^; ES 'faSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
enunciate
150
eponym
enunciate I'nAnsijCt, -J"i- |-d -id
enunciation ijnAnsi'eJan, i^nAnJi-
enure in'jur; ES in'ju3(r; |-d -d
envelop n, v in'veiap |-ed -t
envelope n 'envajlop, 'an-, inVebp {Fr
a'vlb'p) — 'anvajop is pseudo-French.
envelopment in'velapmant
envenom EnVenam |-ed -d
enviable 'enviabj |-bly -bh |-vious -vias
environ v inVairan |-ed -d
environs n in'vairanz, 'envaranz
envisage en'vizid3 [-s -iz |-d -d
envision enVisan |-ed -d
envoy 'postscript' 'envai {Fr aVwa)
envoy 'messenger' 'envoi
envy 'envi j-ied -d
enwrap en'raep [-wrapped -'raept
enwreathe En'rlti |-d -d
enzym 'enzim |-zyme - zaim, -zim
Eoanthropus jioaen'Oropas |-'s -iz
Eocene 'isjsln
Eohippus jio'hipas |-'s -iz
Eolia i'olia |-n -n
Eolis 'ialis |-'s -iz |-t -t |-m -jhzam
eolith 'iajhO |-ths -Gs |-ic jb'liGik
Eolus 'ialas, Vt nit. loc. i'olas |-'s -iz
eon 'ian, 'ian; ES + 'inn
Eos 'ias; ES + -ds; l-'s -iz
eosin 'ia^sin
Eothen i'oOEn
Epaminondas Ejpaema'nandas; ES+-'nDn-
eparch 'epark; ES 'epa:k, E + -a:k
epaulet, -tte 'epajlet, 'epaht
epencephalon jEpen'sefajlan, -jlon
ephah 'ifa
ephedrine, -in e'ledrin, cfem. -t-'efaidrin
ephemera, E- a'femara |-s -z |-rae -jri
ephemeral a'femaral |-ly -i |-rid -rid
Ephesian I'fisan
Ephesus 'efasas, -zas |-us' -as
ephod 'efad, 'i-, -fad; ES+-fDd
Ephraim 'ifriam |-ite -^ait
epic 'epik |-al -1 |-ally -li |-ly -li
epicene 'epajsin
epicenter, -tre 'Epi^senta*; ES -jS£nta(r
Epictetus jEpik'titas j-'s -iz
epicure 'epijijur, -jkiur; ES -a(r
Epicurean /spikju'rian, -kiu'rian |-ism -jizam
epicurism 'epikju^rizam, -kiu-
Epicurus jEpi'kjuras, -'kicras l-'s -iz
epicycle 'epa^saikl
epicyclic ^epa'saiklik, -'sik- |-al -1
epidemic jEpa'deimk |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
epidermic jcpa'darmik; ES -'dam-, -'dym-;
l-al -1 l-ally -li, -ikli
epidermis jEpa'da^mis; ES -'dsm-, -'dym-;
|-mal -ml
epigene 'epajdsin [-genesis jEpa'dsenasis
epiglottal jepa'glati; ES-h-'glotl
epiglottis jEpa'glatis; ES+-'glDt-; |-es -iz
epigram 'epajgraem
epigrammatic j£pagra'maetik ]-al -1 |-ally -li,
-ikk
epigraph 'epajgraef; E-[--jgraf, -^graf
epigraphy e'pigrafi
epilepsy 'epajlepsi
epileptic jEpa'leptik |-al -1 l-ally -li, -ikli
epilogue, -log 'tpajag, -Jag, -Jog 1-d, -ged -d
Epimenides jepa'menajdiz l-'s -iz
Epinal 'epinl {Fr epi'nal)
Epiphany I'pifam
epiphyte 'epijfait |-tic ^epi'fitik
Epipsychidion jepisai'kidian, -si'kidian
Epirus E'pairas |-'s -iz
episcopacy I'piskapasi
episcopal, E- I'piskapl 1-ly -i
episcopalian, E- i^piska'peljan, -kan
episcopate I'piskapit, -jpet
episode 'epa^sod, -jzod
episodic jEpa'sadik, -'zad-; ES-i--Dd-; j-al -1
I -ally -li, -ikli
epistemology i^pista'maladsi; ES-t--'mDl-
epistle I'pisj
epistolary I'pista^len
epistyle 'epijstail
epitaph 'epa^taef; ES+-itaf, -jtaf; |-ed -t
epithalamium ^epiOa'lemiam |-s -z ]-lamia
-mia
epithelium jEpa'Oiliam j-s -z |-ha -ha
epithet 'epajOtt |-theted -jGetid
epithetic ,£pa'eetik l-al -1 l-ally -li, -ikli
epitome I'pitami
epitomize I'pita^maiz |-s -iz |-d -d
epoch 'epak |-al -1 |-ally -li — 'ipok is mainly
Brit.
epode 'epod
eponym 'epa^nim |-ous e'panamas; ES-f-
-'pon-
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet }zi Isang saeg |angry 'aeg-gri
Ibath baeO; E baG (§10) lah a jfar far [watch wat/, wnt/ (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards Igo go
epos
151
Eritrea
epos '8pas; ES+-ds; |-es -iz
-er ending of agent nouns (maker) and the
Epping '£pig
comparative degree (slower) -a^ ; ES -a(r. In
epsilon 'epsalan, -ilan, -jlon, Brit ep'sailan
the vocab. usually omitted when its sound can
Epsom 'epsam
be added directly to that of the head word, as
Epworth '8pw3^e; ES 'epwaO
make mek, maker 'mek-a^; ES 'mek-a(r;
equable 'ekwabl, 'Ik- |-bly -bh
slow slo, slower 'slo-a^; ES 'slo-a(r. Whett
equal 'ikwal |-ed -d |-ly -i
-y- follows -r-, as in blusterer 'blAs«taT»,
equalitarian i^kwab'ttrian, -^kwol-, -Uer-
'blAS'tra^, or syllabic 1 or n, as in handler
equality I'kwabti, I'kwol-
'haend-1-3', 'haend-la-, or fastener 'faes-n-*.
equalization jikwab'zeXan, -ai'z-
'faes-na^, thei^ are usually the same alterna-
equalize 'ikwal^aiz j-s -iz |-d -d
tives as in tlte addition of -ing jw similar
equanimity jikwa'nimati
cases. See also -est.
equate I'kwet [equated I'kwetid
era 'ira, 'Ira
equation i'kwe33n, -/an |-al -1 |-ally -li
eradiate i'redijCt |-ated -^etid
equator I'kweta^; ES i'kwet3(r
eradicable I'raedikabl
equatorial jikwa'torial, fik-, -'tar-; S -'tor-;
eradicate I'raedijket |-d -id |-tor -a^; ES -a(r
l-ly -I
eradication ijraedi'ke/an
equerry 'ekwan
erase I'res |-s -iz |-d -t |-r -a^; ES -9(r
equestrian I'kwestnan |-ienne i^kwestri'sn
Erasmus I'raezmas |-'s -iz
equiangular jikwi'teggjaly; ES -'aeggJ3l3(r
Erastus I'raestas |-'s -iz
equidistance jikws'distans |-tant -tant
erasure I'resa', I'reJV; ES -a(r
equilateral jikwa'laetaral |-ly -i
Erath i'raeO
equilibrant I'kwibbrant
erbium 'a^biam; ES 'sb-, 'yb-
equilibrate jikwa'laibret, I'kwibjbret |-d -id
ere zr, aer; ES £a(r, aea(r
equilibrist I'kwibbrist
Erebus 'erabas |-'s -iz
equilibrium ^ikwa'hbriam |-s -z |-ria -ria
Erechtheum jerik'eiam
equine 'ikwain
Erechtheus I'rEkejus, -Gius |-'s -iz
equinoctial jikwa'nak/al; ES+-'nDk-; |-ly -i
erect I'rekt |-ed -id |-ile -1, -il
equinox 'ikwa^naks; ES+-inDks; [-es -iz
erectility i^rek'tilati, jirek'tilati
equip I'kwip [equipped I'kwipt
erection I'lek/an
equipage 'ekwapids |-s -iz
erelong er'bg, aer-, -'log; ES ea-, aea-,
equipoise 'ekwa^paiz, 'i- |-s -iz [-d -d
S+-'Iag
equiponderance jikwi'pandarans; ES+-'pDn-
eremite 'era^mait
equiponderate jikwi'ponda^ret; ES+-'pDn-;
erenow er'nau, aer-; ES £a-, aea-
l-d -id
Eretria I'ritria, I'ret- |-n -n
equipotential jikwipo'tenXal
erewhile er'hwail, aer-; ES ta-, aea-
equisetum jekwa'sitam |-s -z |-ta -ta
Erewhon 'erahwan
equitable 'ekwitabl [-bly -bh
erg yg; ES 3g, s'g
equitation ^Ekwi'te/an
ergo 'ygo; ES 'ago, Vgo; see argal
equity 'ekwati
ergon 'ygan; ES 'agan, 'y-, -gon
equivalence I'kwivalans |-cy -i |-lent -lant
ergosterol a^'gastajrol; ES a'gas-, a'gDS-
equivocal I'kwivakl |-ly -i, -akh
ergot 'ygat; ES 'agat, Vgat
equivocate I'kwiva^ket |-cated -^ketid
Eric 'erik |-son, -riccson 'eriksn
equivocation i^kwiva'ke/an
Erie 'iri; 8+ 'in
equivoque, -oke 'ekwijvok
Erin 'erin, 'irm
er intj of hesitation a, a:. A, a: of various
Erinys I'rinis, I'rainis |-'s -iz \pl Erinyes
lengths. This spelling originated with writers
I'rinijiz
who did not sound the r. It is a blunder in
Eris 'ins, 'iris, 'ens ]-'s -iz
reading to pronounce it ^ or y.
Eritrea jEn'tria |-n -n {It eri'tr£:a)
|full ful Itooth tuG [further 'fy'Sa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAStam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredj [keep 'em 'kipm
eriking
152
espalier
eriking 'a^ljkii); ES ^3\-, 'yl — The pronuncia-
save-s sev-z); pron. -iz or -az after tlte
tion 'erljkiij is a mixture of Ger and Eng.
voiceless and voiced sibilants s, J, t/, z, 3, ds
The Ger is Erlkonig 'Erljkenix.
(face-s 'fes-iz, Nash's 'nsej-iz, catch-es
Erma 'yma; ES 'ama, 'yma
'kaetj-iz, nose-s 'noz-iz, rouge-s 'ru3-iz.
Ermengarde 's^man^gord; ES bman^gard,
George's 'dsards-iz). For the variation in
'ym-
unstressed vowel between -iz &° -9z, see f idler
ermine 'ymin; ES bmin, 'a^m-; |-d -d
statement of the sams variation at -ed in the
Erminia y'minia; ES s'mmia, y-
vocab., and for ftdl illustration of tlte ending
erne, ern s^n; ES 3n, yn
-es, -s see §88.
Ernest 'ynist; ES 'snist, 'y-
Esau 'is3
Ernestine /ew. waiwe 'yniSjtin; ES b-, V-
escadrille ^eska'dnl {Fr eska'drirj)
Ernestine adj 'ynistin; ES '3-, 's'-
escalade jEska'led [-laded -'ledid
erode iVod |-d -id
escalator, E- 'eskajleta^; ES -jletaCr
Eroica I'ro-ika
escalop, -11- e'skabp, e'skaebp; ES+-'skDl-;
Eros 'iras, 'i-, 'e-, -rns |-'s -iz
|-ed -t
erosion I'rosan
Escalus 'eskabs |-'s -iz
erotic I'ratik; ES+-'rDt-; j-al -1 |-ally -h,
Escanes 'Eska^niz |-'s -iz
-ikli
escapade 'Eska^ped, ^Eska'ped
eroticism I'ratajSizam; ES+-'rDt-
escape a'skep, i-, e- j-d -t |-pism -izam j-pist
Erpingham 'ypig jhaem, 'ypigam; ES 'sp-.
-ISt
's'p-; iw 5A(j^. 'Erpingjham
escarp E'skarp; ES E'ska:p, E+E'ska:p;
err y; ES 3(r, s^; |-ed -d
|-ed -t
errand '£r3nd
eschatological ;Eskaeta'lad3ikI; ES + -'lDd3-
errant 'grant ]-ry -ri
eschatologist jeska'talad3ist; ES + -'tDl-; j-gy
errata I'reta, e-, -'rata
-d3i
erratic a'raetik |-al -1 |-ally -h, -ikk
escheat Es't/it |-ed -id |-age -ids
erratum I'retam, e-, -'rat- [-ta -ta
eschew Es'tju, -'t/iu |-ed -d |-al -al
erring 'yig ; ES 'sriQ, 'a^ig ; less Jreq. 'eng
Escorial Es'korial, -'kar-; S -'kor-; {Sp
erroneous a'ronias, e-
eskori'al)
error 'era^; ES 'eraCr
escort n 'Eskart; ES 'Eskaat
ersatz Ger er'zats
escort V I'skart; ES I'skaat; |-ed -id
Erse 3-s; ES ss, s's
escritoire jEskn'twar, -'twar; ES -'twa:(r.
Erskine 's'skin; ES 'as-, 's'S-
-'twaa(r; (Fr ecritoire ekri'twa:r)
erst yst; ES 3st, yst; |-while -^hwail
escrow 'Eskro, E'skro
eruct I'rAkt j-ed -id |-ate -et |-ated -etid
esculent 'Eskjalant
eructation i^rAk'teXan, jirAk-
escutcheon I'skAtJan |-ed -d
erudite 'eru^dait, 'erju-
Esdraelon jEzdra'ilan, ^es-
erudition jEru'di/an, iCrju-
Esdras 'Ezdras |-'s -iz
erupt I'rApt |-ed -id j-ption -pjan
-ese word ending (Chinese, Burmese) -'iz, -^iz,
Ervine 'yvin; ES 'svin, '3^-
-iz; in America much less often -s
Erwin 'ywin; ES '3win, 'y-
esker, -kar 'Eska^; ES 'Eska(r
erysipelas jEra'siplas, jira-
Eskimo 'Eskajmo |-mauan, -moan jEska'moan
erythrocyte i'ri6ro;sait, e-
Esmeralda ^Ezma'taelda
-es, -s ending for pi &= poss of nouns, &= for 3
Esmond 'Ezmand
sg pres of verbs. Pron. -s after voiceless
esophagus i'safagas; ES + -'sDf-; |-es -iz |-gi
consonant sounds except s, J, tj (cap-s
-idsai
kaep-s, Kate's ket-s, chafe-s t/ef-s); pron.
Esopus i'sopas |-'s -iz
z after vowel 6" voiced consonant sounds ex-
esoteric jEsa'tErik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
cept z, 3, ds (ball-s bal-z, Joe's dso-z,
espalier e'spaelja'; ES -ja(r; |-ed -d
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet JEt [sang saeg [angn,' 'aeg-gri
Ibath bae6; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
especial
153
ethereality
especial a'spE/al |-ly -i, -JIi
esperance 'csparans |-s -iz
Esperanto jEspa'ranto, -'raento
espial I'spaisl
espionage '8spi3nid3, a^spaianids {Fr espion-
nage espja'nais)
esplanade jEspla'ned
espouse I'spauz [-s -iz [-d -d |-sal -1
esprit e'spri
esprit de corps e'sprida'kor, -'kar; ES -'ko3(r,
E+-'k33(r; {Fr Esprid'kair)
espy s^spai |-ied -d
Espy 'espi
Esquimau 'eska^mo |-maux -]mo, -^moz
|-mauan jEska'moan
esquire a'skwair; ES 3'skwai3(r; |-d -d
ess £s |esses 'esiz
-ess fern, ending -is, -as; if lightly accented,
esp. in verse, sometimes -es. In the vocab.
if only -IS is given, it is to be tmderstood that
-3S and -ES are also possible. Often omitted
when the pron. can be found by adding -is,
-3S, -es to the head pronunciation.
essay 'composition' 'esi, 'esc; HriaV e'se,
'ese
essay Hry' a'se, e'se |-ed -d
esse 'esi
Essen 'esn
essence 'esns ]-s -iz
Essene 'esin, e'sin
essential a'sen/al |-ly -i |-ity ajSEn/i'aelati
Essex 'esiks |-'s -iz
-est unstressed superlative &' archaic 2 sg pres
ending -ist or -ast; if lightly stressed, esp.
in verse, sometimes -est. In the vocab. if
only -ist is given, it is to be understood that
many speakers {fewer in the E b' S) also
pronounce -ast as in August bgast. For the
vowel see also -ed.
establish a'stiebhj |-es -iz |-ed -t
estaminet Fr estami'ne
estate a'stet |-d -id
esteem a'stim |-ed -d
Estella e'stela |Estelle e'stel
ester 'esta^; ES 'estaCr
Estes 'estiz |-tes' -tiz
Esther 'esta^; ES '£sta(r
esthesia es'eisa, -31a |-thesis -'6isis
esthete 'esOit
esthetic es'Oetik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
estheticism Es'OEtajSizam |-thetics -'Oetiks
Esthonia es'tonia, -'Bon- |-n -n = Estonia
estimable 'estamabl |-bly -bli
estimate n 'estamit, -^met
estimate v 'esta^met [-d -id |-tion jesta'mejan
estival 'estavl, es'taivl
estivate 'Esta^vet |-d -id |-tion jEstaVeJ"an
Estmere 'Estmir; ES -mia(r, S+-mEa(r
Estonia Es'tonia |-n -n
estop e'stap; ES+E'stop; |-ped -t |-pel -j
estovers E'stova^z; ES -vaz
estrange a'strends |-s -iz |-d -d |-dness -idnis,
-dnis
astray I'stre
estreat I'strit j-ed -id
estrous 'Estras, 'is-
estrum 'Estram, 'is- |-trus -tras |-truses
-trasiz
estuary 'Est/ujEri |-arial jEstJu'erial
esurient I'sjuriant, I'siur-, I'sur-
et 'and' et
-et unstressed word terminal, as in pocket,
tablet, comet, carpet, rivet, etc. -it, -at.
In the vocab. when only -it is given, it is to
be understood that many speakers {fewer in
the E b' S) also pron. -at as in pilot 'pailat.
eta Gk letter 'eta, 'ita
etaoin 'Etipin — cf shrdlu
et cetera Et'sEtara, -'sEtra |-s -z
etch EtJ letches 'et/iz | etched Etjt
eternal I'tynl; ES I'tsnl, I'tynl; |-ly -i
eternalize I'tynl^aiz; ES I'tsn-, I'tyn-; |-s -iz
1-d -d
eterne I'tyn; ES I'tan, I'ts^n J-nity -ati
eternization ijtyna'ze/an, -ai'z-; ES ijtsn-,
lityn-
eternize I'tynaiz; ES I'tan-, lUyn-; [-s -iz
l-d-d
Ethan 'i6an
ethane 'eOen
Ethel 'EOal
Ethelbald 'eOal^bald
Ethelbert 'eOalba^t; ES -bat
Ethelberta ^Eeal'byta; ES -'bsta, -'byta
Ethelred 'EOal^rEd jEthelwulf 'eOal^wulf
ether 'ie3';ES 'iea(r
ethereal I'Oirial j-ly -i
ethereality ijOiri^aelati
|full ful Itooth tue [further 'fyS*; ES 'fstSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse f juz, fmz [dish dij [vision Vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Etherege
154
Euterpe
Etherege 'eearidg |-'s -iz
Euganean juga'nian, ju'geman
etherization jiOara'zeXan, -ai'z-
Eugene ju'dsin |-nia -la |-nius -las j-nius's
etherize 'iGSiraiz |-s -iz j-d -d
-lasiz
ethic '£eik |-al -1 [-ally -li, -ikli
eugenic ju'dssnik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
Ethiop 'iBiiOp; ES + -jDp
Eugenie Fr 03e'ni
Ethiopia jiOi'opia |-n -n
eugenism 'judsajnizam |-nist -mst
Ethiopic jiOi'apik, -'opik; ES+-'Dp-
Eulalia ju'lelia, -Ija
ethmoid 'eOmaid
eulogia ju'lodsia |-giae -dsiji
ethnic 'EOnik |-al -1 [-ally -h, -ikli
eulogist 'juladsist [-gy -dsi
ethnographic ^EOna'graefik |-al -1 1-ally -li.
eulogistic jula'dsistik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
-ikli
eulogize 'jula^dsaiz ]-s -iz |-d -d
ethnography eG'nagrafi, -'nog-
Eumenides ju'menajdiz
ethnologic jeOna'ladsik; ES+-'lDd5-; |-al -1
Eunice 'junis j-'s -iz
|-ally -li, -ikh
eunuch 'junak
ethnology eO'naladgi; ES+-'nDl-
eupepsia ju'pepja, -/la |-ptic -tik
ethos 'iOas; ES + -6ds
Euphemia ju'fimia
ethyl, E- '£03l, -il
euphemism 'jufajmizam |-mist -mist
ethylate '8e3jlet j-lated -^letid
euphemistic jufa'mistik |-al -1 |-ally -li.
ethylene 'eOajlin
-ikh
ethylic I'Oilik
euphonic ju'ftmik; ES+-'fDn-; ]-al -1 |-ally
etiology ^iti'abdsi; ES + -'dI-
-h, -ikli
etiquette 'Etijkst
euphony 'jufani |-phonious ju'fomas
Etna, e- 'etna
Euphorbia, e- ju'farbia; ES -'faab-
Eton 'Itn |-tonian i'tonian
Euphrates ju'fretiz, in Shak. 'jufrajtiz |-tes'
Etruria I'truria |-n -n
-tiz
Etruscan I'trAskan
Euphronius ju'fronias |-'s -iz
Ettrick 'etnk
Euphrosyne ju'frasaini, -'frns-
etude e'tjud, e'tiud, e'tud {Fr e'tyd)
Euphues 'jufjujiz |-'s -iz
etymologic jEtama'ladsik; ES+-'lDd3-; |-al
euphuism 'jufjujizam |-ist -ist
-! l-ally -h, -ikh
euphuistic jufju'istik |-al -1 [-ally -li, -ikk
etymologist jeta'maladsist; ES+-W10I-; ]-gy
Eurasia ju'resa, -'reja ]-n -n
-dsi
Eureka, e- ju'rika
etymologize jEta'malaidsaiz; ES+-'mDl-; |-s
eurhythmic ju'riSmik |-al -1 |-niy -mi
-IZ |-d -d
Euripedes ju'ripajdiz |-'s -iz
etymon 'Eta^man, -jmnn |-s -z |-ma -ma
Euroclydon juVakli^dan; ES+-'n)klijdDn
Euboea ju'bia |-n -n |-boic -'bo-ik
Europa ju'ropa
eucalypt 'jukajipt |-ic juka'liptik
Europe 'jurap |-an jjcra'pisn
eucalyptus, E- juka'hptas 1-es -iz |-ti -tai
europium ju'ropiam
Eucharist 'jukarist
Eurus 'juras |-'s -iz
Eucharistic jukaVistik [-al -1 [-ally -li, -ikli
Eurydice juVidajsi
euchre 'juka^; ES 'iuka(r; |-d -d |-ring -karig,
eurythmic ju'ri'Smik |-al -1 j-my -mi
-kng
Eusebius ju'sibias |-'s -iz
Euclid 'juklid |-ean ju'klidian
Eustace 'justis, -tas |-'s -iz
eudaemon, -dam- ju'diman ]-monia judi-
Eustachian ju'stekian, -/lan, -/an
'monia
Eustis 'justis |-'s -iz
eudiometer Judi'amata' ; ES -'amata(r, -'nm-
Euston 'justan
eudiometric judia'metrik |-al -1 |-ally -li,
Eutaw 'juta
-ikli
eutectic ju'tektik
Eudora ju'dora, -'dara; S -'dora
Euterpe ju'typi; ES -Hspi, -Uypi
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret [yet J£t |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gri
|bath bsG; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far [watch v/atf, wotj" (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards ]go go
euthanasia
155
euthanasia JuGa'nesa, -313
eventuate I'vEnt/ujCt j-ated -^etid
euthenics ju'eeniks |-ist ^eanist
ever 'ev3^; ES 'Eva(r
euxenite 'juksajnait
Everest 'Evrist, 'Evarist
Euxine 'juksin, -am
Everett, -itt 'Evrit, 'Evarit
Eva 'iv3, 'eva
everglade, E- 'EVS'jgled; ES 'Evajgled
evacuant iVaekjuant
evergreen 'Eva^igrln; ES 'Evajgrin
evacuate iVaekju^et \-d -id |-tion ijvaekju-
everlasting jEva-'laestirj; ES iEva-, E+-'last-,
'e/an
-'last-; ('ever^lasting 'whip^cord)
evacuee iVaekjuji, ijvaekju'i, -'e (Fr eva
'kqe)
evermore /Eva^'mor, -'mar; ES -'moa(r,
evadable, -ible iVedabl
E+-'raaa(r
evade iVed [evaded I'vedid
aversion i'vy/an, -san; ES i'v3-, i'vy-
evaluate iVaelju^et |-d -id 1-tion i^vaeljij
'ej-an
evert i'vyt; ES i'vat, i'vyt; |-ed -id
Evan 'Evan
every 'evo, 'Evari
Evander iVaenda^; ES i'vaenda(r
everybody 'Evri^badi, -jbAdi, -badi; ES +
evanesce jEva'nES |-s -iz |-d -t
-jbodi
evanescence jEva'nesns 1-cy -i |-ent -nt
everyday 'Evn'de ('every ^day 'clothes)
evangel iVaendsal
Everyman 'Evri^maen
evangelic jivaen'dsehk, ^Evan- |-al -I
l-ally
everyone 'Evri^wAn, -wan
-h, -ikli
everything 'EvrijOig
Evangeline iVaendsajlin, -hn, -Jam
everywhere 'Evri^hwEr, -jhwaer; E -jliWEa(r,
evangelism iVaend3ajlizam [-list -list
ES -jhwaeaCr
evangelistic ijvaendsa'hstik [-ally -li, -ikli
Evesham 'iv/am, 'ivzam, loc. + 'i/am, 'isam
evangelize I'viendsajlaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
evict I'vikt |-ed -id |-ction I'vikjan
evanish iVaeniJ |-es -iz |-ed -t
evidence 'svadans |-s -iz |-d -t ]-dent -dant
Evans 'Evanz |-'s -iz |-ville -^vil
evidential ^Eva'dEnJal |-ly -i
Evanston 'Evan-stan, 'Evanz-tan
evidently 'Evadantli, -dEntli, sometimes if
evaporability ijvaepara'bilati
emphatic jEva 'dEntli
evaporable iVaeparabl, -prabl
evil ^iy], formal, esp. in church, + ^\yi\ |-ly -i.
evaporate iVaepa^ret |-rated -^retid
'ivli
evaporation ijvaepaVeJan
evince I'vins |-s -iz |-d -t
Evarts 'Eva^ts; ES 'Evats; |-'s -iz
eviscerate I'visa^ret |-rated -^retid
evasion I'vejan |-sive -siv
evisceration ijvisa're/an
eve iv
evocable 'Evakabl |-cation jEvo'keJan
Eve iv
evocative I'vakatrv, I'vok-; ES+-'vok-
Eveleth 'EvaliG
evoke I'vok [evoked I'vokt
Evelina jEvaUaina, -'llna
evolute n, adj, v 'Evajlut, -Jiut |-d -id
Eveline 'Evajlam, -lin, 'evIiii
evolution ^Eva'lujan, -'liu-, Evrju/an |-ary
Evelyn 'Evalin, 'Evlm, Uvlm
-jEri
even 'Ivan |-fall -jfal
evolve iValv, i'vdIv |-d -d
evener 'ivna', 'ivana^; ES -na(r
Ewart 'ju3't; ES 'ju-at
evenhanded 'ivan'haendid ('even-handed 'jus-
ewe ju, jo — The historical variant jo is still
tice)
common among sheep breeders both in Eng-
evening 'Ivnig
land and America.
evenness 'ivannis
Ewen 'juin, -an
evensong 'ivan^saoj -iSng; S+-jsag
ewer 'jua^; ES 'ju'a(r
event I'vEnt
Ewers 'jua^z, jurz; ES 'ju-az, juaz; |-'s -iz
eventide 'ivan^taid
Ewing 'juig
eventual I'vEnt/ual |-ly -i, I'vEnt/uli
ex Eks |exes 'Eksiz
eventuality i^vEnt/u'aelati
ex- prefix. When quite unaccented, the vowel
|full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytJa-; ES 'fstJa
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision
[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
exacerbate
156
execution
is tisuatty i in current speech, less freq. a or
E, of the two 9 being more likely in rapid-
speech of £ in careful. In the vocab. when
only I is given, it is to be understood that a
or £ may also occur.
exacerbate ig'zaesa^jbet, ik'saes-; ES -aesa-;
l-d -id
exacerbation ig^zaesa^ 'be/an, ik^saes-; ES
-aes3-
exact ig'zaekt |-ed -id ]-ction -k/an
exactitude ig'zaektSjtjud, -^tiud, -^tud
exactly ig'zaektli, ig'zaekk
exaggerate ig'zaedga^ret |-d -id |-tive -iv
exaggeration ig^zaedsa 're/an
exalt ig'zalt |-ed -id |-ation jEgzal'te/an
exam ig^zaem |-ination igjzaema'ne/an
examine ig'zaemin |-d -d |-nee igjzaema'ni
example ig'zaempl; E + -'zam-, -'zam-; |-d -d
I -ling -phg, -plig
exanimate adj ig'zaenamit, -^met
exanimate v ig'zaena^met |-mated -^metid
exarch 'eksark; ES 'eksark, E+-a:k
exasperate ig'zaespsjret |-reted -^retid
exasperation ig^zaespaVefan
Excalibur eks'kaelaba'; ES -b3(r
ex cathedra jekska'Oidra, Eks'kaeOidra
excavate 'ekska^vet |-d -id |-tor -a^; ES -3(r
excavation jekskaVe/an
exceed ik'sid |-ed -id
excel ik's£l [-celled -'ssld
excellence 'ekslans |-cy -i j-ent -ant
excelsior ik'selsia^; ES -'selsi'3(r
except ik'sept |-ed -id |-ption -'sEp/an
exceptionable ik'sep/anabl, -/nabl |-bly -bli
exceptional ik'sepjanl, -Jnal |-ly -i
excerpt 71 'eksypt; ES -sspt, -sypt
excerpt v ik'sypt; ES -'sspt, -'ss^pt; |-ed -id
|-ption -p/an
excess ik'sES |-es -iz |-ed -t ('ek^ses Vet)
exchange iks't/ends |-s -iz |-d -d
exchangeability iksjt/endja'bilati
exchangeable iks't/endjabl |-bly -bli
exchequer iks't/eka', 'Ekstjeka^; ES -k3(r
excise n ik'saiz ('exjcise 'duty)
excise v ik'saiz |-s -iz ]-d -d
excision ik'sisan
excitability ikjsaita'bilab
excitable ik'saitabl
excitation jEksai'te/an
excitatory ik'saitajton, -jtori; S -jtori
excite ik'sait |-cited -'saitid
exclaim ik'sklem |-ed -d
exclamation ^Ekskla'mejan
exclamatory ik'sklaemajton, -jton; S -jton
exclave 'eksklev
exclude ik'sklud, -'skhud |-d -id
exclusion ik'sklusan, -'skku- j-sive -siv
excogitate eks'kadsajtet; ES-t--'knd5-; |-d
-id
excogitation eksjkad33HeX3n; ES + -jkDd3-
excommunicable jekska'mjunikabl, -'miun-
excommunicate ^Ekska'mjunaiket, -'miun-
l-d -id
excommunication jEkskajinjuna'keJan, -jiniun-
excoriate ik'skorijct, -'skar-; S -^skor-; |-d -id
excoriation ikjskori'ejan, jekskon-, -kar; S
-kor-
excrement 'ekskrimant
excremental jEkskri'mentl |-tary -tan
excrescence ik'skresns j-cy -i |-scent -snt
excreta ek'skrita |-tal -tl
excrete ik'skrit l-d -id |-tion -'skrijan
excretory 'Ekskrijtori, -jtari; S -jtori
excruciate ik'skru/i,et, -'skriu- |-d -id
excruciation ik,skruji'e/an, -jskriu-, -si-
exculpate 'ekskAl^pet, ik'skAlpet |-d -id
exculpation jEkskAl'pe/an
exculpatory ik'skAlpajtori, -jtari; S -jtori
excursion ik'sk^san, -/an; ES -'sks-, -'sky-;
|-sive -SIV
excursus ek'skysas; ES -'skss-, -'skys-; |-es
-IZ
excusability ikjskjuza'bilati, -jskiuz-
excusable ik'skjuzabj, -'skiuz- |-bly -bli
excusatory ik'skjuzajtori, -'skiuz-, -jtari; S
-itori
excuse ti ik'skjus, -'skius |-s -iz
excuse v ik'skjuz, -'skiuz |-s -iz |-d -d
Exe eks |-'s -iz
execrable 'eksikrabl |-bly -bli
execrate 'eksiikret |-crated -^kretid
execration j£ks-i'kre/an
execratory 'eksikrajtori, -jtari, -jkretari; S
-jtori, -jkretari
executable 'eksijkjutabl, -jkiut-, ig'zekjutabl
executant ig'ztkjutant
execute 'Eksijkjut, -jkiut |-d -id
execution jEksi'kju/an, -'kiu-
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'prti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg langr}' 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E baG (§10) |ah a [far far |watch watj, wntj (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
executive
157
expiatory
executive ig'zEkjutiv
executor 'performer^ 'eksijkjuta', -^kiu-, law
ig'zekjata^; ES -t3(r
executory ig'zekjojtori, -itari; S -jtori
executrix ig'zEkjatriks |-es -iz \L pi -trices
igjZEkja'traisiz
exegesis ^eksa'dsisis |-geses -'dsisiz
exegetic ^eksa'dsEtik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
exemplar ig'zgmpla^; ES -'zsmplaCr; |-y -i
exemplification igjzemplafa'kejan
exemplify ig'zEmpla^fai |-fied -jfaid
exempli gratia ig'ztmplai'gre/ia
exempt ig'zempt |-ed -id |-ption -p/an
exequatur jeksi'kweta^; ES -'kweta(r
exequy 'tksikwi |-quies -kwiz
exercise 'eksa^^saiz; ES 'eksa-; |-s -iz |-d -d
exercitation ig,zysi'tej3n; ES -jzs-, -jzy-
exert igWt; ES -'zst, -Wt; |-ed -id
exertion ig'zy/an; ES -'zs/-, -'zy/-
Exeter 'eksita^; ES 'eksitaCr
exeunt 'eksiant, 'eksi^Ant
exhalant Eks'helant, ig'zelant
exhalation jeksa'le/an, jEgza-
exhale Eks'hel, ig'zel |-d -d
exhaust ig'zast |-ed -id |-ion -st/an ]-ive -iv
exhibit ig'zibit |-ed -id
exhibition jEksa'bi/an ]-ism -jizam |-ist -ist
exhibitive ig'zibitiv
exhibitory ig'zibajtori, -jtari; S -^tori
exhilarate ig'zil3,ret |-d -id |-rant -rant
exhilaration ig^zila 're/an
exhort ig'zart; ES -'zaat; |-ed -id
exhortation jEgza^'teJan, jcksa^-, -ar^e/an; ES
jEgza-, jEksa-, -aa'te/an
exhume ig'zjum, ik'sjum, -lum, -um |-d -d
exigence 'sksadsans |-cy -i |-gent -dsant
exiguity jEksa'gjuati, -'giu-
exiguous ig'zigjuas, ik'sig-
exile w 'Egzail, 'Eksail
exile V 'Egzail, 'sksail, igWil |-d -d
exist ig'zist |-ed -id |-ence -ans |-ent -ant
exit 'Egzit, ^Eksit |-ed -id
ex libris eks'laibris
Exmoor 'Eks^mur; ES -jmua(r
Exmouth 'EksjinauO, 'EksmaG
exodontia jfksa 'dan/a, -Jia; ES+-'dDn-
exodus, E- 'Eksadas |-es -iz
ex officio /Eksa'fi/ijO
exogamy Eks'agami, -^ng-
exonerate ig'zana^ret; ES+-'zDn-; |-d -id
exorable 'Eksarabl
exorbitance ig'zarbatans; ES -'zaab-; |-nt -nt
exorcise, -ze 'Eksar^saiz; ES 'eksaa-; j-s -iz
|-d -d |-cism -jSizam
exordium ig'zardiam, ik's-; ES -aad-; |-s -z
|-ia -la
exoskeleton ^ekso'skElatn |-tal -tl
exoteric ^Eksa'tEtik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikh
exotic ig'zatik; ES + -'zDt-; |-ally -li, -ikli
expand ik'spaend |-ed -id
expanse ik'spaens |-s -iz |-sion -/an |-sive -iv
expansibility ik^spaensa'bilati
expansible ik'spaensabl |-bly -bli
expansile ik'spaensl, -sil
ex parte Eks 'parti; ES -'pa:ti, E+-'pa:tr
expatiate ik'speji^et |-d -id
expatiation ikjspeji'e/an
expatriate adj Eks'petriit, -^et
expatriate v Eks^petri^et |-d -id
expatriation Eksjpetri'ejan, ^Ekspetri-
expect ik'spEkt |-ed -id
expectance ik'spEktans |-cy -i |-ant -ant
expectation jEkspEk'te/an
expectorant ik'spsktarant
expectorate ik'spEkta^ret | -rated -^retid
expectoration ik^spEkta 're/an
expedience ik'spidians j-cy -i |-ent -ant
expedite '£kspi;dait |-dited -jdaitid
expedition jEkspi'di/an |-ary -^eri |-tious -Jas
expel ik'spEl |-led -d ]-lant, -lent -ant
expend ik'spEnd |-ed -id
expenditure ik'spEndit/y, -jt/ur; ES -t/aCr,
-it/ua(r
expense ik'spsns j-s -iz |-sive -iv
experience ik'spirians; S+-'spEr-; |-s -iz
l-d-t
experiential ik^spiri^En/al; S+-^spEr-; |-ly -i
experiment ik'spEramant
experimental ikjSpEra'mEntI, jEkspEra- |-ly -i
|-ism -jizam |-ist -ist
experimentation ikjSpEramEn'te/an, -man-
expert n ^Ekspyt; ES -spat, -spyt
expert adj ik'spyt, ^Ekspyt; ES -pst, -pyt
('ex^pert 'workman)
expert v ik'spyt; ES -'spst, -'spyt; j-ed -id
expiable' 'skspiabl
expiate 'Ekspi^et |-d -id |-tion jEkspi'e/an
expiatory 'Ekspiajtori, -jtari; S -jtori
|full ful |tooth tue [further 'fs^tJa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how bau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision Visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
expiration
158
exterminable
expiration ^ekspa 're/an
express ik'spres |-es -iz |-ed -t |-ive -iv
expiratory ik'spairajtori, -jtDri; S -jtori
expressible ik'spresabl |-bly -bli
expire ik'spair; ES -'spai3(r; [-d -d
expression ik'spr2/an |-ism -yizam |-ist -ist
expiry ik^spairi, 'ekspan
expressionistic ik/sprejan'istik
explain ik'splen [-ed -d
expressman ik'spresman |-men -man
explanation jekspla'nejan
expropriate eks'proprijet |-d -id
explanatory ik'splaenajtori, -^tari; S -jtori
expropriation eksjpropn'e/an, jekspropri-
expletive 'eksplitiv
expulsion ik'spAlJan |-sive -siv
explicable 'eksphkabl, lessfreq. ik'sphkabj —
expunction ik'spAgk/an
cf inexplicable
expunge ik'spAndj |-s -iz ]-d -d
explicate 'eksplijket |-d -id |-tive -iv
expurgate cdj 'ekspa^git, -jget; ES -pa-
explication jeksph'ke/an
expurgate V 'ekspa^jget, ik'spyget; ES
explicatory 'Eksplikajtori, -jtari; S -/ton;
'ekspa-, -'sp3-, -'spy-; |-d -id
Brii 'eksphjketari, iks'phkatari, -tn
expurgation iEkspa^'ge/an; ES ^ekspa-
explicit 'here etids' 'ekspbsit
expurgatory ik'spygajton, -;tari; ES ik-
explicit 'precise' ik'splisit
'spsgajton, -'spy-, E + -jtari
explode ik'splod |-d -id
exquisite 'ekskwizit, less Jreq. ik'skwizit
exploit n 'eksplait, ik'spbit
exscind Ek'sind |-ed -id
exploit V ik'spbit |-ed -id
exsect ek'sekt |-ed -id
exploitation jEkspbi'teJan
exsert ek'syt; ES -'sst, -'syt; |-ed -id
exploration jEkspb're/an, -splo-
ex-service 'eks'syvis; ES -'s3v-, -'syv-
exploratory ik'splor3/tori, -'spbra/tari; S
exsiccate 'eksi^ket |-d -id
ik'splorajtori
exsufflicate adj Eks'sAfli^ket, -kit
explore ik'splor, -'spbr; ES ik'splo3(r, E +
extant ik'staent, 'ekstant
-'spb3(r; |-d -d
extemporal ik'stEinparal |-ly -i
explosion ik'splosan |-sive -siv
extemporaneity ikjStempara'niati
exponent ik'sponant
extemporaneous ikjStEmpa'renias
exponential jEkspo'nenXal |-ly -i
extemporary ik'stempajren |-rarily -rail, esp.
export n 'eksport, -part; ES -peat, E + -p33t
if emph. ikjStempa'rErali
export V iks^ort, -V^rt; ES iks'poat, E +
extempore ik'stEmpan, -^ri
-'paat; |-ed -id — ace/ + 'export, esp. in con-
extemporize ik'stEmpa^raiz [-s -iz |-d -d
trast to import v.
extend ik'stEnd |-ed -id
exportation /ekspor'tejan, -par-; ES -poa-.
extensibility ikjstEnsa'bilati
E+-paa-
extensible ik'stEnsabl
expose ik'spoz |-s -iz |-d -d |-dness -idnis.
extensile ik'stEnsl, -sil
-dnis
extensimeter iEkstEn'simata^; ES -'simatacr
expose jskspo'ze
extension ik'stEnJan |-sive -siv
exposition jekspa'zi/an
extensometer jEkstEn'samata' ; ES -'samata(r.
expositor ik'spazita^; ES ik'spazita(r, -'spoz-;
-'sDm-
|-tory -jtori, -/tan; S -/ton
extensor ik'stEnsa^, as L -sar; ES -sa(r.
ex post facto 'eks/post'faekto
-saa(r
expostulate ik'spastjajet; ES + -'spDS-; |-d
extent ik'stEnt
-id
extenuate ik'st£niu,et |-d -id |-tive -iv
expostulation ik/spast/a'lefan; ES + -/SpDS-
extenuation ik^stEnju'e/an
expostulatory ik'spast/alajton, -jtari; S
extenuatory ik'stEnjuajton, -^tari-; S -jtori
-/ton, ES+-'spDS-
exterior ik'stiri3'; ES -'stin-aCr
exposure ik'spo3a'; ES -'spo3a(r
exteriorize ik'stiria^raiz |-s -iz |-d -d
expound ik'spaund |-ed -id
exterminable ik'styminabl; ES -'stsm-.
ex-president 'eks'prezadant, -'prezdant
-'stym-
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi Ipity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet JEt |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a [far far [watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa Igorge gards |go go
exterminate
159
Ezra
exterminate ik'stymSinet; ES -'stsm-.
extravert v jEkstra'vyt; ES -'vat, -'vyt; |-ed
-'stym-; |-d -id |-tor -^; ES -3(r
-id
extermination ikjstyma'ne/an; ES -jstsm-.
extreme ik'strim (the 'ex^treme 'verge)
-jstym-
extremism ik'strimizam |-ist -ist
external ik'stynl; ES -'stanl, -'stynl; |-Iy -i
extremity ik'strEinati
externality ^Eksta^'naebti; ES /eksta-
extricable 'Ekstrikabl j-bly -bli
exterritorial jskstera'torial, -'tar-; S -'tor-;
extricate 'Ekstrijket |-cated -jketid
l-ly -I
extrication jEkstri'ke/an
exterritoriality Eks^terajtori'aelati, ^ekstera-,
extrinsic Ek'strinsik j-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
-it3r-; S -jtor-
extrorse Ek'strars; ES -'straas
extinct ik'stigkt |-ction -'stigk/an
extroversion jEkstro'vsJ'an, -'vs^s-; ES -'v3-.
extinguish ik'stiggwij |-es -iz |-ed -t
-'vy-
extirpate 'eksta^^pet, ik'stypet; ES -sta-.
extrovert n 'Ekstrojvyt; ES -iVat, -jvyt
-'sts-, -'sty-; |-d -id
extrovert v jEkstro'vs't; ES -'vst, -'yyt; ]-ed
extirpation jeksta-'pe/an; ES ^eksta-
-id
extol, -11 ik'stal, -'stol, -'stol |-(l)ed -d
extrude ik'strud, -'stnud |-d -id
Exton 'ekstan
extrusion ik'strusan, -'striu- |-sive -siv
extort ik 'start; ES -'staat; |-ed -id
exuberance ig'zjubarans, -'ziu-, -'zu- |-cy -i
extortion ik'starjan; ES -'staajan; |-ary -jsri
|-ant -ant
l-ate -It
exude ig'zjud, -'ziud, -'zud, ik'sjud, -'siud.
extra 'ekstra — 'Ekstri is often heard from edu-
-'sud |-d -id [exudation ^Eksju'de/an
cated speakers, esp. before a vowel (extra
exult ig'zAlt |-ed -id |-ant -nt
allowance).
exultation jEgzAl'teJan, jEksAl-
extract n 'ekstraekt
-ey ending see -y
extract v ik'straekt |-ed -id j-ction -kjan
eyas 'aias [-es -iz
extractable, -ible ik'straektabl
Eyck, van vaen'aik
extracurricular jEkstraka'rikjala^; ES -la(r
eye ai |eyed aid j-ful -^ful [-fuls -jfulz
extraditable 'ekstrajdaitabl
eyeglass 'ai^glaes; E+-jglas, -jglas; |-es -iz
extradite 'ekstra^dait |-dited -jdaitid
eyehole 'ai;hol
extradition jEkstra'di/an
eyelash 'aijlaej |-es -iz
extrados ek'stredas; ES + -dDs; |-es -iz
eyeless 'aihs
extrajudicial jekstradsu'difal, -dsiu- |-ly -i
eyelet 'ailit |-ed -id ]-lid 'aijlid
extralegal jEkstra'IIgl |-ly -i
eye-minded 'ai'maindid ('eye-^minded 'man)
extramarital jEkstra'maeratl |-ly -i
eye-opener 'aijopana^, -^opna^; ES -na(r
extramundane jEkstra'mAnden
eyeservant 'aijsa^vant; ES -iSsv-, -jSS'v-
extramural jEkstra'mjural, -'nuu- j-ly -i
eyeservice 'ai^syvis; ES -^ssv-, -jsyv-
extraneous ik'strenias
eyeshot 'ai^/at; ES+-^jDt
extraofEcial ;£kstria'fiXal, jEkstra'a'fi/al
eyesight 'aijSait
extraordinarily ik'strardn^Erah, esp. if emph.
eyesore 'aijsor, -^sar; ES -jSoa(r, E+-jSaa(r
ikjStrardn'Erali ; ES -aadn-
eyestrain 'aijstren
extraordinary ik'strardnjeri, envoy ^Ekstra-
eyetooth 'ai'tuO, -jtuO |-teeth -'tie, -itie
'ardnjEn, -tri-; ES -aadn-
eyewash 'aijwa/, -jwaj", -jwof |-es -iz
extra territorial jEkstra^tEra 'tonal, -'tar-; S
eyewater 'aijwata^, -jwata^, -,wotdf-; ES -ta(r
-'tor-; l-ly -i
eyewitness 'ai'witnis, -jWit- [-es -iz [-ed -t
extraterritoriality jEkstra^terajton'ielati, -jtar-;
eyne 'eyes' ain
S -jtor-
eyre, E- Er, aer; E £a(r, ES aea(r
extravagance ik'straevagans |-cy -i |-ant -ant
eyrie, -ry 'sri, 'sen, 'iri; S 'aeri, 'in
extravaganza ik^straeva'gaenza
Ezekiel I'zikial, -kjal
extravert n 'Ekstra^vyt; ES -iVat, -^vyt
Ezra 'Ezra
|full ful [tooth tue [further 'fy'Sa'; ES 'faSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision Visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
160
fall
F, f letter ef \pl F's, Fs, poss F's efs
fa music fa
Faber Eng name 'feba', Ger name 'faba^; ES
-b3(r
Fabian 'febian |-ism -jizam |-ist -ist
Fabius 'febias |-'s -iz
fable 'febl |-d -d |-ling 'feblig, -blig
Fabre 'faba^, 'fabra; ES -ba(r, -bra; {Fr fabr)
fabric 'ffebrik |-ation jfaebri'kejan
fabricate 'faebri^ket |-d -id |-tor -3'; ES -a(r
Fabrikoid 'faebri^kaid
fabulous 'faebjalas
Fabyan 'febian
fagade fa'sad, fae'sad ]-d -id {Fr fa'sad)
face fes [faces 'fesiz jfaced fest
facet 'faesit |-ed -id
facetiae fa'si/iji
facetious fa'sijas
facial 'fefal |-ly -i
facile 'faesl, -sil
facilely 'faesli, -sib, -sih, -siUi
facilitate fa'sila^tet |-tated -jtetid
facilitation fajSila'te/an
facility fa'silati
facing 'fesig
facsimile faek'simah, -'simaji |-s -z
fact faekt jfacts faekts, faeks
faction 'faekjan |-tious -/as
factitious faek'ti/as
factitive 'faektativ
factor 'faekta^; ES 'faekta(r; |-ed -d j-ing
'faektarig, 'faektng
factorial faek'torial, -'tarial; S -'tonal
factory 'faektri, 'faektari
factotum faek'totam
factual 'faekt/ual |-ly -i
facultative 'faekl,tetiv
faculty 'faeklti
fad faed | faddish 'faedij" | faddist 'faedist
fade fed | faded 'fedid
faeces 'fisiz
faerie, -ry, F- 'feari, 'fsri, 'f£:n, 'faeri; S
'feari, 'faeri, 'fen — Some speakers distin-
guish faerie bf fairy //'om ferry hy a longer
E.
I Faeroes 'fsroz, ^faeroz, 'feroz; S 'faeroz, 'feroz
Fafnir 'favnir, 'faf-, -na^; ES -nia(r, -na(r
fag faeg [fagged faegd
Fagin 'fegin
fagot, fagg- 'faegat [-ed -id
Fahrenheit 'faeraiijhait, 'faran-
faience fai'ans, fe'ans {Fr fa'ja:s)
fail fel [failed feld ]-ure -ja^; ES -ja(r
fain fen
faineant 'feniant, -njant {Fr fene'a)
faint fent [fainted 'fentid
fainthearted 'fent'hartid; ES -'ha:tid, E +
-'ha:t-; ('faint-hearted 'hero)
fair fer, faer; E f£a(r, ES faea(r; [-ed -d |-er -a-;
ES -a(r
Fairfax 'fer^faeks, 'faer-; E 'fsa-, ES 'faea-;
[-fax's -;faeksiz
Fair Haven, Fairhaven 'fEr'hevan, 'faer-; E
'fea-, ES 'faea-
f air-lead 'ferilid, 'faer-; E 'fsa-, ES 'faea-
f air-minded 'fer'maindid, 'faer-; E 'fsa-, ES
'faea-
Fairport 'fer^port, 'faer-, -jpart; E 'fea^poat,
'faea-, -,paat; S 'faeajpoat
fair-spoken 'fer'spokan, 'faer-; E 'fea-, ES
'faea-; ('fair-^spoken 'man)
Fairview 'ftr^vju, 'faer-, -jviu; E 'fea-, ES
'faea-
f airway 'fEt^we, 'faer-; E 'fea-, ES 'faea-
Fairweather 'fer^weSa^, 'faer-; E 'feajwecJaCr,
ES 'f«a-
fairy 'fen, 'fe:ri, 'fan; S 'faeri, 'fen; [-land
-jlaend — see note at faerie
fait accompli Fr fetako'pli
faith feO [-ths -Os [-ful -fal [-fully -fab
Faiyum fai'jum
fake fek [faked fekt [faker 'feka^; ES 'feka(r
fakir fa'kir, 'feka^; ES fa'kia(r, 'feka(r
Falangist fa'laendsist
falchion 'faltjan, 'fal/an
falcon 'falkan, esp. among falconers 'fakan
Falconbridge 'fakan^brids, 'falkan- |-'s -iz
Falconer 'fakna^, 'falkana^; ES -na(r
falderal 'faelda^rael — see folderol
Falernian fa'lynian, fae-; ES -'Isn-, -'lyn-
Falkirk 'falkyk, 'fak-; ES -ksk, -ka-k
Falkland 'fakland, 'falkland
Falkner 'fakna^; ES 'fakna(r
fall fal [fell fel [fallen 'falan, fain
Key: See in full §§3~A7. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang steg [angry 'aeg-gn
[bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a [far far [watch wat/, wotj" (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
fallacy
161
Farrer
Words below that have ae before r (carry 'k«ri) are often pronounced in N with e ('k£n, §9'f)
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m)
fallacy 'faelasi [-lacious fa'lefas
fantasm 'faentaezam
fallibility ^faeb'bibti
fantastic faen'taestik |-al -1 |-ally -Ii, -ikli
fallible 'f^bbl |falKbly 'f^labh
fantasy 'faentasi, 'faentazi |-ied -d
Falloden 'faebdn
far far; ES fa:(r
Fallon 'faelan
farad 'faerad, 'faeraed
Fallopian fa'Iopian, fae-
Faraday, f- 'faeradi, 'faera^de
f allow 'faelo, 'faela |-ed -d |-ing 'faelawig
faradic fa'raedik, fae'raedik
Falmouth 'faelmae
faraway adj, n 'far a 'we ('farajway 'look)
false fals |falsed fDlst
farce fars; ES fa:s; |-s -iz |-d -t
falsehearted 'fals'hartid; ES 'fals'haitid;
farcical 'farsikl; ES 'fa:sikl; |-ly -i, -ikh
('falsejhearted 'knave)
fardle 'fardi; ES 'fa:dl
falsehood 'fals-hud
fare fsr, faer; E fea(r, ES faea(r; |-ed -d
falsetto farseto, -'seta
farewell intj 'fsr'wEl, 'faer-; ES see fare
falsification ^folsafa'ke/an
farewell n jfer'wEl, jfaer-; ES see fare; ('fare-
falsify 'falsajfai Ifalsified 'fols3jfaid
jwell 'speech)
falsity 'fDlsati
farfetched 'for'fEt/t; ES 'fa:-; ('far-fetched
FalstafiE 'falstaef; E+-staf, -staf
'pun)
Falstaffian fol'staefian; E+-'staf-, -'staf-
far-flung 'far'fkg; ES 'faz'fUg
falter 'folta-; ES 'faltaCr; |-ed -d |-ing Mtarig
far-forth 'far^fore, -.farO; ES 'fai^foaG, E+
'faltrig
-;faa6; acct varies
fame fem |famed femd |famous 'femas
Fargo 'forgo; ES 'fa:go
familiar fa'milja^; ES fa'nuljaCr
Faribault 'fera^bo, 'faerajbo; S 'faerajbo
familiarity fajnuli'aerati, fa^milji'serati, fa-
farina fa'rina, -'raina |-naceous jfaera'nejas
jnul'jaerati
farinose 'faerajnos
familiarize fa'miljajraiz |-s -iz j-d -d
farm farm; ES fa:m; [-ed -d J-er -9-; ES -a(r
family 'faemli, 'faemali
farmer-general 'farma^'djenaral, -'dsenral;
famine 'faeinin
ES 'fa:raa-
famish 'faemi/ ] famishes 'faemijiz j-ed -t
farmhouse 'farm^haus; ES 'farm^haus; [-ses
fan faen | fanned faend
-ZIZ
fanatic fa'naetik |-al -1 [-ally -li, -ikh
farmistead 'farm^stEd; ES 'farm^stEd
fanaticism fa'naetajSizam
farmyard 'farmjard; ES 'faimjaid
fanciful 'faensifal j-ly -i
Fame Islands 'farn'ailandz, -anz; ES 'fa:n-
fancy 'faensi | fancied 'faensid
Farnham 'farnam; ES 'fa:n-
fancy-free 'faensi'fri ('fancy-^free 'maiden)
faro 'fEro, 'faero; S 'faero
fandango faen'daeggo
Faroe 'fEro, 'faero, 'fero
fane fen
Faroese jfEto'iz, jfaer-, ^fer-
Faneuil 'faenl, 'faenjal, -jual, older 'fAnl
far-ofE n, adj 'far'af, -'nf ('far-^off 'look)
fanfare 'faen^fer, -jfa»r; E -ifeaCr, ES -jfaeaCr
Farquhar 'farkwa^, -kwar, -ka^; ES 'fa:kwa(r.
fanfaron 'faenfa^ran; ES+-jrDn
-kwa:(r, -ka(r
fanfaronade ifaenfara'ned, -faera-
farrago fa 'r ego, fa'rago
fang faeg jfanged ffegd
Farragut 'faeragat, 'faera^gAt
fangle 'faeggl |fangled 'faeggld
Farrand 'faerand
fanlight 'faen^lait |-ed -id
Farrar 'faera^; ES 'faera(r; Geraldine fa'rar;
fanner 'faena^; ES 'faenaCr
ES fa'ra:(r
fantail 'faen/el |fantailed 'faen^teld
far-reaching 'far'ritjig; ES 'fai'ritjig
fan-tan 'faen/aen
Farrell 'faeral
fantasia faen'tesia, -53, -zia {It ;fanta'zi:a)
Farrer 'faera^; ES 'faera(r
[full ful [tooth tu0 [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fatJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
farrier
162
featherhead
Words below thai have ae before r (carry 'kaeri) are often pronounced in N with e ('ken, §94)
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (farm)
farrier 'faeria^; ES 'faeri-aCr; |-y -i
fattish 'faeti/ [fatty 'faeti
farrow 'fasro, -a [-ed -d |-ing 'faerawig
fatuitous fa'tjuatas, -'tiu-, -'tu- |-ity -ati
farse fars; ES fa:s; |-s -iz |-d -t
fatuous 'faetjuas
farseeing 'far'siig; ES 'far'siig
fat-witted 'faet'witid ('fat-jwitted 'Falstaff)
farsighted 'far'saitid; ES 'far'saitid
fauces 'fasiz
farther 'far'Sa^; ES 'fartJaCr; |-most -^most,
faucet 'fasit, occas. 'faesit, 'fasit
-mast
Faucit 'fasit
farthest 'fartJist; ES 'fartSist
faugh fa, pf, and variotis pufs of breath
farthing 'fartJig; ES 'fa:3ig
Faulconbridge 'fakan^bnds, 'falkan- |-'s -iz
farthingale 'fartJig^gel; ES 'faitJig/gel
Faulkner 'fakna^; ES 'fakna(r
fasces 'faeslz L pi of fascis 'fajsis
fault fait [faulted 'faltid [faulty 'falti
fasciate 'fae/ijet ifasciated 'faejijctid
faultfinding 'falt^faindig
fascicle 'faesikl [fasicled 'faesikld
faun fan [fauna 'fana
fascinate 'faesn^et |-d -id |-tor -a^; ES -3(r
Fauntleroy 'fantb^rai, ^fnnt-, ^fant-
fascination jfaesn'e/an
Fauquier fa'kir; ES -'kia(r, S-i--'k£a(r
fascine fae'sln, fa'sin |-d -d
Faust faust [Faustian 'faustian, 'fas-
fascis 'faesis \pl fasces 'faesiz
Faustus 'fastas [Faustus's 'fastasiz
Fascism 'faef^izam |-ist -ist
faux pas 'fo'pa \pl -'paz {Fr pi -'pa)
Fascis ti fa'/isti, fae'/isti {It fa'Jisti)
Faversham 'faevaj'am; ES 'faeva-
Fascistic fa'/istik |-ally -li, -ikh
favor 'feva^; ES 'feva(r; [-ed -d |-ing 'fevrig.
fashion 'faejan |-ed -d |-ing 'faeXanig, 'faejnig
'fevang [-able 'fevrabl, 'fevarabl [-bly -bli
fashionable 'faejnabl, 'faejanabl |-bly -bli
favorite 'fevrit, 'fevarit [-tism -jizam
Fashoda fa'/oda
Fawcett 'fasit
fast fast; E+fast, fast; |-ed -id
Fawkes faks [Fawkes's ['faksiz
fasten 'faesn; E + 'fasn, 'fasn; |-ed -d |-ing
fawn fan [fawned fand
-smg, -snig
fay f e
fastidious faes'tidias, -djas
Fayal fai'al
fastness 'faestnis |-es -iz; E see fast
Fa3aim fai'jum
Fastolf, -e 'faestalf, -tnlf
faze fez [fazes 'feziz [fazed fezd — less prop-
fat faet | fatted 'faetid
erly spelt f eaze
fatal 'fetl |-ly -i |-ism -jizam |-ist -ist
feal Hiirf fil
fataHstic ^fetl'istik |-ally -li, -ikli
fealty 'fialti, 'fllti
fatality fe'taelati, fa'taelati, fi'taelati
fear fir; ES fia(r, S-i-feaCr, fjia(r, fJ£a(r; [-ful
Fata Morgana 'f atamar'gana ; ES -maa'gana
-fal [fully -fah, -fh
father 'fa3»; ES -Sa(r, E + 'fatJ-; |-hood -jhud
fearnought 'fir^nat; ES 'fia-, S-i-'fea-, 'fjia-.
father-in-law 'faSarin^b, 'fatJa^n^b; ES 'fa-
ifjea-
(Jarinja, 'faSan^b, E + 'fatJ-
fearsome 'firsam; ES 'fiasam, S+'fea-, 'fjia-.
fatherland 'fatJa^Jaend; ES 'fatJa-, E-t-'fatJa-
'fjea-
fathers-in-law 'fatSa^zm^b, 'fatJa^zn^b; ES
feasance 'fizns
'faSazinib, 'fatJaznJa, E-f-'fatJ-
feasibility jfiza'bibti
fathom 'faetiam |fathomed 'faeSamd
feasible 'fizabl [-bly -bh
fatigable 'fietigabl
feast fist [feasted 'fistid
fatigate 'faetijget |fatigated 'faeti^getid
feat fit
fatigue fa'tig [fatigued fa'tigd
feather 'fetSa^; ES 'fetJaCr; |-ed -d |-ing
Fatima 'faetima, 'fatima
'fetSang, 'feSrig
fatHng 'faetlig
featherbrain 'fetia^jbren; ES 'fe'Sa-; [-ed -d
fatten 'faetn |-ed -d [-ing 'faetnig, ^faetnig
featherhead 'feSa^^htd; ES 'fe'Sa-; [-ed -id
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet ]zt [sang saeg |angr}' 'aeg-gri
[bath baeO; E baG (§10) [ah a [far far [watch wat/, wotj (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gardj |go go
featherstitch
163
Ferdinand
featherstitch 'fetJa'.stitJ; ES 'fetJa-; |-es -iz
feU n, V, adj M |felled ffild
l-ed -t'
fellah 'fEla \Arab pi -ahin, -aheen jfEla'hin
featherweight 'fetJa^^wet; ES 'fe'Sa-
fellmonger 'fEl^mAgga^; ES -ga(r
feathery 'fEtJari, 'fEtJri
felloe 'wheel rim' ^iz\o, -a — Felloe, mainly
feature 'fit/a-; ES 'fitjad; |-d -d
Brit, comes from the OE pi f elga ; cf felly.
feaze 'feeze' fiz |-s -iz 1-d -d, cf faze
fellow 'fslo, 'ffila |-ed -d |-ship -^/ip
febrifuge 'febrijfjuds, -jfiuds |-s -iz
felly 'wheel rim' ^ieh — Felly, Am and Brit,
febrile 'fibral, 'feb-
comes from the OE dative sg felge; cf felloe.
February 'februjEn, 'fEbjujEri, -an — Loss of
felly adv 'cruelly' 'fElli, 'fEli
r in 'fEbjujEri is due to dissimilation and the
felon 'fElan |-y -i |-lonious fa'lonias, fs-
influence of 'dsaenjujEri {§121).
felsite 'fElsait
feces 'fisiz
felspar 'fEl^spar; ES -jspa:(r, E+-jspa:(r
feckless 'fEkks
felt past £r pptc of feel fElt
feculence 'fEkjubns |-lent -lant
felt n, V fElt 1 felted 'ffiltid
fecund 'fiksnd, 'fEk-, -And
felucca fa'kka, fE-
fecundate 'fikanjdet, 'fsk- |-d -id
female 'fimel
fecundity fi'kAndati
feme f£m
fed fEd
feme covert 'fEm'kAva^t; ES -'kAvat
federacy 'fEdarasi
feme sole 'fEm'sol
federal, F- 'fEdaral, 'fsdral |-Iy -i j-ist -ist
feminacy 'fEmanasi j-neity jfEma'niati
federahze 'fsdaral^aiz, 'fEdral- |-s -iz j-d -d
feminie 'fEmani
federate n, adj 'fEdarit, 'fsdrit
feminine 'fEmanin |feminineness 'fEmamnnis
federate, v 'fEda^ret |-d -id
femininity jfEma'ninati
federation jfEda 're/an
feminism 'fEma^nizam |-nist -nist
fedora, F- fi'dora, -'dara; S -'dora
femme de chambre Fr famda'Jarbr
fee fi \past &= pptc feed fid
femoral 'fEinaral
feeble ^fibl 1-bly -bh |-bler -bla-; ES -bla(r;
femur 'fima^; ES -ina(r; ]-$ -z j-mora 'fEmara
|-blest -bhst
fen f En
feeble-minded ^fibrmamdid ('feeble-jminded
fence fEns |-s -iz |-d -t
'man)
fencible 'fEnsabl
feed past &" pptc of fee fid
fend ffind |fended 'fEndid j-er -a<-; ES -a(r
feed V fid |fed fEd
Fenelon 'fEnljon, -jon {Fr fen'lo)
feedback 'fidjbaek
Fenian 'finian, -njan |-ism -jizam
feel fil Ifelt IeU
fennel 'fEnl
feere 'mate' arch, fir; ES fia(r, S+fEa(r
Fennimore 'fEna^mor, -^mar; ES -jmoa(r.
fee-simple 'fi'simpl
E+-jraaa(r
feet fit
fenny 'fEiu
feeze fiz | feezes 'fiziz [-d -d
Fenton 'fEntan
feign fen | feigned fend |-edly -idh
fenugreek 'fEnjujgrik
feint fent | feinted 'fentid
feod fjud, fiud |-al -1 |-ary -an
feldspar 'fEld^spar, 'IeI-; ES -iSpa:(r, E +
feodaUty fju'daelati, fiu-
-jSpa:(r
feoff fEf, fif l-ed -t
Felicia fa'li/ia, -Ja
feoffee fEf 'i, fif 4
felicitate fa'hsajtet |-tated -^tetid
feoffor 'fEfa', 'fifa^; ES -a(r; (fEf^i an fEf'ar)
felicitation fajlisa'te/an
feracious faVe/as, fe-
felicity faUisati |-tous -tas
feral 'firal
feline 'filain
Ferber 'fyba-; ES 'fabaCr, 'fyba(r
Felix 'filiks |-'s -iz
fer-de-lance Fr fErda'lars
fell past of fall f eI
Ferdinand 'fydn^aend; ES 'fsd-, 'fyd-
[full ful |tooth tuG [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail |how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredj [keep 'em 'kipm
fere
164
fiddler
fere ^mate' arch, fir; ES fi3(r, S+fE3(r
feretory 'ferajton, -jtari; S -^tori
Ferguson, -sson 'fygasn; ES 'fsg-, 'fs'g-
Feringi fa'riggi
ferly 'fyli, 'ferli; ES 'fsli, ^kab, 'fs^h
ferment 71 'foment; ES 'fa-, 'fy-
ferment v fa^'ment; ES fa-; |-ed -id |-able -abl
fermentation jfyman'te/an, -men-; ES jfs-,
^■^-
fern fyn; ES fan, fyn; |-ery -an, -n
ferocious fa'rofas, fi-, em^/z. + 'f i'rojas
ferocity fa'rasati, fi-; ES+-'rDS-
Ferrara fa'rara, fe- {It fer'ra:ra)
ferrate 'feret ]-d -id
ferret 'ferit |-ed -id
ferriage 'feriids ]-s -iz
ferric 'ferik
ferrite 'ferait
ferroconcrete jf£ro'kankrit, -kan'krit; ES+
-Dn-
ferromagnetic jferomaeg'nEtik
ferrous 'feras
ferruginous fe'rudsanas, fa-
ferrule 'ring' 'feral |-d -d
ferry 'feri |-ied -d |-boat -jbot
fertile 'fytl; ES 'fstl, 'fytl; |-tilely -tli, -tlb
fertility fs^'tilati; ES fs-, fy-
fertilization jfytla'zejan, -ai'z-; ES jfst-,
jfyt-
fertilize 'fytl^aiz; ES 'fst-, 'fyt-; |-s -iz |-d -d
ferule 'ruler' 'feral, 'ferul |-d -d
fervency 'fyvansi; ES 'fsv-, 'fyv-; |-ent -ant
fervid 'fyvid; ES 'fsvid, 'fyv-
fervor 'fyva^; ES 'fsvatr, 'fyva(r
fescue 'feskju, 'feskiu
Fessenden 'fesndan
festal 'festj |-ly -i
Feste 'festi
fester 'festa^; ES -ta(r; |-ed -d |-ing ^festang,
'festrig
festival 'festavj
festive 'festiv |-vity fes'tivati
festoon fes'tun |-ed -d |-ery -an
fetal 'fill I -ism -^izam
fetation fi'tejan
fetch fet/ [fetches 'fet/iz [fetched fet/t
fete, fete fet |-d -id {Fr fe:t)
feterita jfeta'rita
feticide 'fitajsaid |-dal ,fita'saidl
fetid 'fetid, 'fitid
fetish, -ich 'fiti/, 'fetij |-ed -t
fetlock 'fet.lak; ES+->k; 1-ed -t
fetter 'feta^; ES 'feta(r; |-ed -d
fettle 'fetl |-d -d |-ling 'fetbg, 'fetbg
fetus 'fitas j-es -iz
Fetzer 'fetsa^; ES 'fetsa(r
feu fju, fiu |-ed -d
feud fjud, fiud |-ist -ist
feudal 'fjudj, 'fiudl [-ism -jizam |-ist -1st
|-ly_-i
feudalize 'fjudl^aiz, 'fiud- |-s -iz |-d -d
feudatory 'fjuda^ton, 'fiud-, -jtan; S -jton
fever 'fiva^; ES 'fiva(r; |-ed -d |-ing 'fivang,
'fivrig |-ous -varas, -vras
feverfew 'fiva^^fju, -,fiu; ES 'fiva-
Feversham 'fevaj'am; ES 'feva-
few, F- fju, fiu
Fewkes fjuks, fiuks |-'s -iz
fey fe
fez, F- fez |fezzes 'feziz |fezzed fezd
fiacre fi'aka^; ES -'aka(r; {Fr fjakr)
fiance jfian'se, fijon'se, fi'anse {Fr f ja'se)
fiancee pron. like fiance
Fianna Fail 'fiana'fail, -'fail
fiasco fi'aesko
fiat 'faiat, 'faiaet |-ed -id
fib fib I fibbed fibd
fiber, -bre 'faiba^; ES 'faiba(r; |-ed, -d -d
fibril 'faibral, -bril |-led -d
fibrin 'faibrin j-ation jfaibri'ne/an
fibrinogen fai'brinadsan, -idsen
fibroid 'faibraid | fibrous 'faibras
fibster 'fibsta^; ES 'fibsta(r
fibula 'fibjala |-s -z |-lae -jli
Fichte 'fixta |-tean -tian l-teanism -tianjizam
fichu 'fi/u, -/lu, -Jju {Fr fi'Jy)
fickle 'fikl
fico 'fiko
fictile 'fiktj, -til
fiction 'fik/an |-al -1 [-ally -li
fictitious fik'ti/as |fictive 'fiktrv
fid fid Ifidded 'fidid
fiddle 'fidl l-d -d 1-Hng 'fidhg, 'fidlig
fiddle-dee-dee ^fidl'di'dl, ^fidldi'di
fiddle-faddle 'fidl'^fadl l-d -d |-Ung -dlig,
-dbg
fiddlehead 'fid], bed
fiddler 'fidla^, 'fidla^; ES -a(r
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret [j'et jet [sang saeg |angry ^aeg-gn
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards |go go
fiddlestick
165
finger
fiddlestick 'fidl^stik
Fidele fi'dili
Fidelia fi'dilja, -lia
Fidelio fi'delio, -Ijo
fidelity fai^delati, fa-
fidget 'fid3it |-ed -id
fiducial fi'du/al, -'diu-, -'dju- [-ly -i
fiduciary fi'dujiieri, -'dm-, -'dju-, -Jan
fie fai |fie-fie adj, v 'fai^fai |-d -d
fief fif
field, F- fild l-ed -id
fieldfare 'fildjler, -jfaer; E -jf£3(r, ES -jfae3(r
Fielding 'fildig
fieldpiece 'fild^pis j-s -iz
fiend find [fiends findz, finz
fierce firs; ES fias, S+ftas, fjeas
fiery 'fain, 'faiari
Fiesole fi'ezali {It 'f jeizole)
fiesta fi'esta {Sp 'fjesta)
fife, F- faif l-d -t |-shire -/ir, ->; ES -/i3(r,
-jTaCr
fifteen fif tin, 'fif'tin ('fif jteen 'men)
fifteenth fif'tinO, 'fif- [-ths -Gs
fifth fife |-ths -es
fifty 'fifti l-tieth -tiiO i-fold -'fold ('fifty ,fold
'loss)
fig fig
Figaro 'figa^ro {Fr figa'ro)
fight fait Ifought f3t
figment 'figmsnt |figmental fig'tnentl
figurate adj 'figjarit
figurate v 'figja^ret |-d -id
figuration jfigja'te/an
figurative 'figjarativ, 'figarativ, 'figrativ
figure 'figja', 'figa'; ES -a(r; |-d -d |-ring
-gjarig, -garig, -grig — In America 'figa^,
-a(r is less freq.
figurehead 'figja-^hed, 'figa'-; ES 'figja-, -ga-
figurine jfigja'rin
Fiji 'fidsi jFigian fi'dsian, 'fidsian
filament n 'filamant |filimented 'filamantid
filament v 'filajinent |-ed -id
filar 'fails' ; ES -la(r
filbert 'fiiba^t; ES 'filbat
filch filtj |-es -IZ |-ed -t
file fail jfiled faild
filet 'fillet' 'fiht ifileted 'filitid
filet de sole Eng 'fihav'sol, Fr file d'sal
filet mignon fi'Ie min'ja (Fr file mi'jio)
filial 'filial, -Ijal |-ly -i
filiate 'filijct l-d -id |-tion jfih'ejan
filibuster 'fila/bAsta^; ES -jbAsta(r; |-ed -d
|-ing -jbAstarig, -trig
filibusterer jfila'bAstara'; ES -ra(r; |-terism
-tajrizam [-terous -taras, -tras
filiform 'filajfarm, 'faila-; ES -jfaam
filigree 'fila^gri |-d -d
filing 'failig
Filipino jfila'pino \fem -pina -'pina, -a
fill fil [filled fild
fillet 'filit I filleted 'filitid
fillip 'filap I filliped 'filapt
Fillmore 'filmor, -mar; ES -moa(r, E +
-maaCr
filly 'fill
film film [filmed filmd
filose 'failos
filter 'filta^; ES -ta(r; j-ed -d j-ing 'filtarig,
'filtrig
filterable 'filtarabl, 'filtrabl
filth file l-ths -Os 1-y -I [filthily 'filOali
filtrable 'filtrabl
filtrate n 'filtret, 'filtrit
filtrate v 'filtret [-d -id [-tion fil'tre/an
fin fin [finned find
finable 'fainabl
finagle fa'negl [-nagler -'negla^; ES -la(r
final 'fainl |-ism -jizam |-ist -ist [-ly -i
finale fi'nali {It fi'na:le)
finality fai'naelati
finance fa'naens, 'fainaens [-s -iz [-d -t
financial fa'naen/al, fai'naenjal |-ly -i
financier ^finan'sir, ^fainan-; ES -^sia(r;
l-ed -d
finback 'fin/baek
finch fintj [finches 'fintjiz [finched fmt/t
Finchley 'fintjli
find faind [found faund
fin de siecle Fr fseda'sjekl
Findlay 'finli, less freq. 'findli
fine fain [fined faind [fineness 'fainnis
fineable 'fainabl
finery 'fainari
finespun 'fain'spAn ('fine-spun 'theory)
finesse fa'nes [-s -iz [-d -t
Fingal 'figgl
finger 'figga^; ES 'figga(r; [-ed -d [-ing 'fig-
garig, 'fig grig
[full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fs^tJa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
fingerer
166
Fitzwater
fingerer 'figgara^; ES -r3(r
fingerling 'figga^hg; ES 'figga-
fingernail 'figga^jnel, jfigga^'nel; ES -ga-
fingerprint 'figga^jprint; ES 'figga-; ]-ed -id
finial 'finidl, 'fainial
finical 'finikl |-ly -i, -ikh
finicking 'finikig |-cky -ki
finikin 'finikin
finis 'fainis [finises 'fainisiz | + 'finis
finish 'finij" |-es -iz [-ed -t
Finistere Fr finis'terr
Finisterre jfinis'ttr; ES -'teaCr
finite 'fainait
finitude 'finsjtjud, 'faina-, -jtiud, -jtud
Finland 'finland
finland 'home of fish' 'finjaend
Finlay 'finh |Finley 'finli
Finn fin j-ish -ij
finnan haddie 'finan'haedi
finny 'fini
fiord fjord, fjard; ES fjoad, E+fjoad
fipple 'fipj
fir fy; ES f3(r, fy; |-ry -i
fire fair; ES fai3(r; |-d -d [-ring 'famg
firearm 'fairjorm; ES -ja:m, E+-ja:m
fireball 'fair^bal; ES 'fai9-
firebird 'fair,byd; ES 'faia^bsd, 'fawjbyd
firebox 'fair^baks; ES 'faia^baks, -jboks; J-es
-IZ
firebrand 'f air ^braend ; ES 'faia-; |-ed -id
firebreak 'fair^brek; ES 'faia-
firebrick 'fair^brik; ES 'faia-
firebug 'faitjbAg; ES 'faia-
firecracker 'fair^kraeka'; ES 'faia^kraekaCr
firedamp 'fair^daemp; ES 'faia-
firedog 'fairjdog, -jdng; ES 'faia-
firedrake 'fair^drek; ES 'faia-
fire-eater 'fair^ita^; ES 'fair^itaCr
firefang 'fair,faeg; ES 'faia-; |-ed -d
firefly 'fair,flai; ES 'faia-
fireguard 'fair,gard; ES 'fai3,ga:d, E+-jga:d
firelock 'fair^lak; ES 'faiajak, -^lok
fireman 'f airman; ES 'faiaman; |-men -man
fireplace 'fair;ples; ES 'faia-; |-s -iz
fireproof adj 'fair'pruf; ES 'faia-; ('fire^proof
Vault)
fireproof v 'fair,pruf; ES 'faia-; |-ed -t
fireside 'fair^said; ES 'faia-
firetrap 'fair^traep; ES 'faia-
firewarden 'fair^wDrdn; ES 'faia^wDadn
firewater 'fair^wota--, -jwata^, -^wDt»; ES
'faia-, -ta(r
firewood 'fair^wud; ES 'faia-
firework 'fair^wyk; ES 'faia^wsk, -jW3:k;
|-s -s
firkin 'fykin; ES 'fakin, 'fy-; |-ed -d •
firm fym; ES ism, fym; |-ed -d
firmament 'fymamant; ES 'fsm-, 'fym-
firman 'fyman, f^'man; ES 'fam-, 'fym-, fa-
Firman pers. name 'fyman; ES 'fsm-, 'fym-
first fyst; ES fsst, fyst
first-born 'fs^st'bam; ES 'fsst'boan, 'fyst-
'baan
first-class 'fyst'klas; ES 'fast-, 'fyst-,
E+-'klas, -'klas; ('first-jclass 'fare)
firsthand 'fyst'haend; ES 'fsst-, 'fyst-
firstling 'fysthg; ES 'fsst-, 'fyst-
firstly 'fysth; ES 'fsstli, 'fysth
first-rate 'fys'tret, 'fyst'ret; ES 'fa-, 'fy-
firth fye; ES fse, fs-G; |-ths -Gs
fisc fisk
fiscal 'fiskl |-ly -i
fish fi/ I fishes 'fijiz [fished fi/t
fisher, F- 'fija^; ES 'fij"a(r; ]-man, -men -man
fishery 'fijari
fishhook 'fij^huk, 'fi/uk
fishmonger 'fi/^mAgga^; ES -jmAgga(r
fishwife 'fijjwaif |-'s -s, -vz |-wives -jwaivz
fishy 'fiji
fisk, F- fisk
fissile 'fisj, 'fisil
fission 'fi/an |-ed -d
fissure 'fi/a-; ES 'fiJaCr; [-d -d
fist fist I fisted 'fistid |-ic -ik j-ical -ikl
fisticuff 'fistijkAf |-ed -t
fistula 'fist/ula |-s -z |-lae -jli
fit fit [fitted 'fitid
Fitch fitj [Fitch's 'fitjiz
fitchew 'fit/u, 'fitjiu
fitful 'fitfal l-ly -I
fitting 'fitig
Fitzgerald fits'djerald
FitzGerald Eng poet fits'dserald
Fitzhugh fits'hju, -'hiu ('FitZjhugh 'Lee)
Fitzsimmons fit'simanz, fits's- [-'s -iz
Fitzwalter 'fitsjwalta^; ES -^waltaCr
Fitzwater 'fitsjwata', -jwata^, -jwota'; ES
-isix; formerly Fitzwalter
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet J£t [sang saeg |angr}' 'aeg^gri
[bath baeO; E baG (§10) [ah a [far far [watch wat/, wotj (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
Fiume
167
fleece
Fiume It 'fju-.me
flank flaegk [flanked flaegkt
five faiv |-r 'faiva^; ES -V3(r
flannel 'flaenl [-ed -d
fivefold adj, adv 'faiv'fold ('fivejfold 'loss)
flannelette, -let jflaenl'et
fivepence 'f aivpans, now less freq. 'f ipans
flap flap [flapped flaept
fivepenny 'faiVjpEni, -pani
flapdoodle 'flaep/dudl
fix fiks 1 fixes 'fiksiz [fixed, fixt fikst |-edly
flapjack 'flaep/dsaek
-idli
flapper 'flaepa^; ES 'flaep3(r; [-ed -d
fixate 'fikset j-d -id |-tion fiks'ejan
flare fler, flaer; E fkaCr, ES flse3(r; [-d -d
fixative 'fiksativ
flare-up 'fletjAp, 'flaetjAp; S 'flaer, Ap
fixity 'fiksati
flash flae/ [flashes 'flajiz [flashed flaejt
fixt fikst
flashboard 'flaeJ,bord, -^bord; ES -^boad.
fixture 'fikstJV; ES 'fikst Ja(r
E-h-ibaad
fizgig 'fizjgig
flashlight 'flaejjlait [-ed -id
fizz fiz 1-es -iz 1-ed -d |-y -i
flask flaesk; E+flask, flqsk
fizzle 'fizl |-d -d |-ling 'fizlig, 'fizlig
flat flaet [flatted 'flaetid
fjord fjord, fJ3rd; ES fjoad, E+fjaad
flatboat 'flaet.bot
flabbergast 'flaeba^jgaest; ES 'flaeba-; j-ed -id
flatcar 'flaet^kar; ES -,ka:(r, E+-,ka:(r
flabby 'flsebi
flatfish 'flaet.fi/ [-es -iz
flabellum fb'bElam |-bella -'btla
flat-footed 'flaet'futid ('flat-,footed 'way)
flaccid 'flaeksid |-ity flaek'sidati
flathead, F- 'flaet^hed
flag flaeg [flagged flaegd
flatiron 'flaet^aia^n, -,airn; ES -^ai-an, -^aian
flagellant 'flaedsabnt, fla'dgebnt
flatten 'flaetn [-ed -d [-ing 'flaetnig, -tnig
flagellate 'flaedsajet |-d -id
flatter 'flaeta-; ES -ta(r; [-ed -d [-ing 'flfetarig.
flageolet jfliedsa'kt
'flsetrig
flaggy 'flaegi
flattery 'flastari, 'flaetn
flagitious fb'dsipas
flatulence 'flaet/alans |-cy -i [-lent -lant
flagman 'flaegman |-men -man
flatus 'fletas [-es -iz
flagon 'flaegan
flatways 'flaet,wez [flatwise 'flast^waiz
flagrancy 'flegransi [flagrant 'flegrant
flaunt fbnt, flont, flant [-ed -id
flagship 'flaegjjip
flauntily 'fbntji, 'fbnt-, 'flant-
Flagstad 'flaegstaed
flautist 'fbtist
flagstaff, F- 'flieg^staef; E+-jStaf, -^staf; \-s
Flavins 'flevias, -vjas [-'s -iz
-s — The pi flagstaves -^stevz is rare in
flavor 'flev3^; ES -va(r; |-ing 'flevrig, -varig
America.
flaw fb [flawed fbd [-less -lis |-y 'fb-i
flagstone 'flaegiSton
flax flaeks [flaxes 'flaeksiz [-ed -t |-en -n
Flaherty 'flaea^ti; ES 'flae-ati
flaxseed 'flaeks^sid, 'flaek^sid
flail flel [flailed field
flay fie [flayed fled
flair fkr, flaer; E fkaCr, ES flaeaCr; [ed -d
flea fli [-bane -,ben [-bite -,bait
flake flek [flaked flekt [flaky 'fleki
flea-bitten 'fli^bitn
flam flaem [flammed flaemd
Fleance 'flbns |-'s -iz
flambeau 'flaembo [-beaux or -beaus -boz
Fleay fie
flamboyance flaem'baians |-cy -i [-ant -ant
fleck fkk [flecked fkkt
flame flem [flamed flemd
Flecknoe 'fkkno
flame-color 'flem^kAla^; ES -jkAlaCr; [-ed -d
flection 'fkk/an [-al -1
flamingo fb'miijgo, flae-
fled past &> pptc of flee f kd
Flaminius fb'minias, -njas j-'s -iz
fledge fkds |-s -iz [-d -d [-dgling, -dgeling
flan pastry flasn {Fr f 15)
-lig
Flanders 'flaenda^z; ES 'flaendaz; |-'s -iz
flee fli [fled fkd
flange flaends [-s -iz [-d -d
fleece flis [fleeces 'flisiz [fleeced flist
[full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fySa^; ES 'fstfa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredj [keep 'em 'kipm
fleer
168
flow
fleer 'gibe' flir; ES fli3(r, S+fkaCr; [-ed -d
fleer 'one who flees' 'flia^; ES 'fli'3(r
fleet flit I fleeted 'flitid
Fleming 'flemig | Flemish 'fkmi/
flense, flence fkns |-s -iz j-d -t
flesh flej I fleshes 'fkjiz | fleshed fkjt
fleshly 'fkjh [fleshy 'fk/i
fleshpot 'fk/jpat; ES+-jpDt
fletch fkt/ |-es -iz |-ed -t
fletcher 'fktJV; ES 'fktj3(r
Fletcherism 'fktjajrizam |-rite -;rait
Fletcherize 'fktj3,raiz |-s -iz \-d -d
fleur-de-lis .flyda'li, -'lis; ES .fb-, ^fly-; \pl
-lis -'liz or -Uses -'lisiz
flew 'dog's lip' flu, fliu |-s -z [-ed -d
flew past of fly flu, f hu
flex fkks I flexes 'fkksiz | flexed fkkst
flexibility jfkksa'bilati
flexible 'fkksabl |-bly -bli
flexion 'fkkjan 1-al -1
Flexner 'fkksna^; ES 'fkksn3(r
flexor 'fkksa^; ES 'fkks3(r
flexure 'fkkja'; ES 'fkkj3(r; |-xuous -kjuas
flibbertigibbet, F- 'fliba^ti.dsibit; ES 'fliba-
flick fhk I flicked flikt
flicker 'flika^; ES 'fhkaCr; |-ed -d |-ing
'fhkdrig, 'fhkrig
flier 'flaia^; ES 'flai'a(r
flies flaiz
flight flait l-y -i
flimflam 'flim^flaem ]-med -d
flimsy 'flimzi
flinch flint/ [flinches 'flmtjiz |-ed -t
flinder 'flinda^; ES 'flindaCr
fling fill) I flung flAg
flint, F- flint |flinted 'flintid
flintlock 'flintjlak; ES + -jDk
FHntshire 'flintjir, -Jsr; ES -/laCr, -JaCr
flip flip [flipped flipt
flippancy 'flipansi |-ant -ant
flirt flyt; ES fbt, fbt; [ed -id
flirtatious fly'te/as; ES fls-, fly-
flit flit [flitted 'fhtid
flitch flit/ [flitches 'flit/iz |-ed -t
flite flait |-d -id [-ting 'flaitig
flitter 'fhta-; ES 'flit3(r; |-ed -d
flivver 'fliva^; ES ^fliv3(r; |-ed -d |-ing
'flivarig, 'flivrig
float flot [floated 'flotid |-age -ids
floatation flo'tejan
floe flak; ES-Fflok
floccose 'flakos, fla'kos; ES-i--Dk-
flocculence 'flakjsbns; ES + 'flok-; |-nt -nt
flock flak; ES-i-flok; [-ed -t
Flodden 'fladn; ES + 'flndn
floe flo
flog flag, flog, fbg [ged -d
flood fbd [flooded 'fbdid j-gate -jget
floodlight 'flAdjlait |-ed -id
floor flor, fbr; ES floafr, E-i-fb3(r
floorcloth 'flor.kbe, 'fbr-, -.kbe; ES 'floa-,
E-i-'fba-; |-ths -t$z, -es
flooring 'florig, 'fbrig; S 'florig
floorwalker 'flor jwoka^, 'fbr- ; ES 'floajWakaCr,
E + 'fba-
flop flap; ES+flop; |-ped -t j-py -i
Flora 'flora, 'fbra; S 'flora
floral 'floral, 'fbral; S 'floral
Florala fb'raeb, fla-, fin-
Florence 'f brans, 'flar-, 'flor- |-'s -iz [-entine
-anjtin
flores 'floriz, 'fbriz; S 'floriz
florescence flo'resns, fb-; S flo-; |-nt -nt
Floresville 'floriSjVil, 'fb-; S 'flo-, S-t--vl
floriculture 'florijkAltJV, 'fb-; ES 'flon-
^Alt/a(r,E + 'f la-
florid 'fbrid, 'flarid, 'florid
Florida 'fbrada, 'flar-, 'flor- |-n -n
Floridian flo'ridian, fb-, fla-, flo-
Florimel 'fbrajmsl, 'flar-, 'flor-
florin 'fbrin, 'flar-, 'flor-, 'florin
florist 'florist, 'fbr-, 'flar-, 'flor-
Florizel 'fbra^zsl, 'flar-, 'flnr-
floss fbs, flos |-es -iz [-ed -t
flota 'flota
flotage 'flotids |-s -iz
flotation flo'te/an
flotilla flo'tila
flotsam 'flatsam; ES + 'flotsam; less freq.
'flotsam (19c floatsome)
flounce flauns [flounces 'flaunsiz [-d -t
flounder 'flaunda-; ES -da(r; j-ed -d j-ing
'flaundang, 'flaundrig
flour flaur; ES flaua(r; |-ed -d
flourish 'flyi/; ES 'fbrij, 'fLvnJ, 'flyij"; |-es
-IZ [-ed -t
flout flaut [flouted 'flautid
flow flo [flowed flod
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi jpity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg |angr\- 'aeg-gri
[bath baeG; E baO (§10) jah a [far far jwatch wat/, wotj (§12) [jaw dja [gorge gards [go go
flower
169
foment
flower 'flaua^, flaur; ES 'flau'3(r, flau3(r;
flyspeck 'flai^spek [-ed -t
l-ed -d
flyte flait |-d -id [-ting -ig
flower-de-luce 'flaurdi'lus, -'hus; ES 'flaua-;
flytrap 'flaijtraep
|-s -IZ
flyweight 'flai^wet
floweret 'flaunt
flywheel 'flai^hwil
flowerpot 'flaur jpat; ES 'flauSjpat, -jpot
foal fol [foaled fold
flowery 'flauri, 'flauari
foam fom [foamed fomd
flown f Ion
f.o.b. 'Efjo'bl
flu flu, fliu
fob fab; ES+fnb; |-bed -d
fluctuate 'flAkt/ujCt |-ated -jCtid [-ant -ant
focal 'fokl |-ly -i
fluctuation ^flAkt/u'eJan
focalize 'fokl^aiz [-s -iz j-d -d
flue flu, fhu
Foch fo/, fak {Fr fa/, Ger fak)
Fluellen flu'elin, -an
focus 'fokas |-es -iz [-ed -t [foci 'fosai
fluent 'fluant, 'fliuant |-ency -ansi
fodder 'fada^; ES 'fada(r, 'fod-; |-ed -d j-ing
fluff fUf Ifluffed fUft
-dang, -drig
Flugel 'fligl {Ger 'fly:gal)
foe fo
fluid 'fluid, 'fliuid
foehn fen {Ger f0:n)
fluidity flu'idati, fliu-
foeman 'foman [-men -man
fluke fluk, fhuk |-d -t [-ky -i
foetal 'fitl [-ism -jizam
flume, F- flunis flium
foetation fi'te/an
flummery 'fUmari
foeticide 'fita^said [-dal jfita'saidl
flummox 'flAmaks ]-es -iz j-ed -t
foetus 'fitas |-es -iz
flung flAo
fog fag, fag, fog [-ged -d [-gy -i
flunk flAgk [flunked flAgkt
foghorn 'fag^harn, 'fag-, 'fog-; ES -^haan
fluor 'flua^, 'fhua-; ES -a(r
fogy 'fogi
fluoresce jflua'res, jfliu- [-s -iz ]-d -t |-nce -ns
foible 'faibl
|-nt -nt
foie gras Fr fwa'gra
fluoric flu'arik, fliu-, -'arik, -'nrik
foil fail [foiled faild
fluorine 'flua^rin, 'fliu-, -rin |-rin -rin
foison 'faizn
fluorite 'flua^rait 'fliu-
foist faist [foisted 'faistid
fluoroscope 'flura,skop, 'fliu-
fold fold [folded 'foldid
flurry 'flyi; ES 'fbri, 'fUri, 'flyi
folderol 'faldajtal; ES-f-'fnldajtnl
flush flAj [flushes 'flAj"iz [flushed fUJt
Folger 'foldsa-; ES 'foldsaCr
fluster 'flAsta^; ES 'flAsta(r; |-ed -d [-ing
foliage 'fobids [-s -iz [-d -d
'flAstario, 'flAstrig
foliate adj 'fohit, -^et
flustrate 'fUstret |-terate -tajtet, -tret |-d -id
foliate V 'folijet [-ated -^etid
flute flut, flmt l-d -id
folio 'foli|0, -Ijo j-ed -d
flutter 'flAta^; ES 'flAta(r; |-ed -d
foHum 'foliam [-s -z j-lia -a
fluty 'fluti, 'fliuti
folk fok [-S -s; NEngd+i6\is (§46)
Fluvanna flu'vaena, fliu-
Folkestone 'fokjston, Brit 'fokstan
fluvial 'fluvial, 'fliu-
folklore 'fokjlor, -jlar; ES -jloa(r, E-h-jbaCr
flux fkks [fluxes 'fkksiz [fluxed fUkst
folkmoot 'fokjmut [folkmote, -mot 'fokjinot
fluxion 'fUk/an
folkway 'fok/ we
fly flai [flew flu, fliu [flown flon
Follansbee 'falanzbi; ES-i-'fol-
flyaway 'flaiajwe
follicle'falikl;ES + 'fDl-
flycatcher 'flai^kaetJV; ES -jkaetJaCr
follow 'falo, -a; ES + 'fnl-; j-ed-d [-ing -lawig
flyer 'flaia-; ES 'flai-a(r
follow-up 'falojAp, 'falajWAp; ES + 'fol-
flyleaf 'flaijif [-leaves -jlivz
f oily 'fall; ES + 'fnli
fljT^roof 'flai'pruf ('fly^proof 'ointment)
foment n 'fomEnt
[full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fySa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse f juz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
foment
170
fordo
foment v fo'ment |-ed -id ('foment 'trouble)
foot-ton 'fut'tAn
fomentation jfoman'tejan, -men-
footway 'futjwe
fond fand, fnnd
footwear 'fut^wer, -^waer; E -jWE3(r, ES
fondant 'fondant, 'fnn-
-jwaeaCr
Fond du Lac 'fandsajlaek, -d3u-, 'fanda-.
footwork 'futjwyk; ES -jwsk, -jwyk
'fon-
footworn 'fut^worn, -jwom; ES -^woan.
fondle 'fundi, 'fon- |-d -d |-ling -dlig, -dbg
E-i--jWD3n
fondler 'fandla^, 'fon-; ES -l3(r
foozle 'fuzl |-d -d |-ling 'fuzbg, 'fuzbg
fondue 'fandu, fan'du, -on- (Fr fo'dy)
fop fap; ES+fnp; |-pery -an, -ri
font font; ES+fnnt
for stressed 'for, ^far; ES 'f33(r, jfD3(r; unstr.
Fontaine, La laefan'ten, -fon- (Fr lafo'ten)
i^; ES f3(r
Fontainebleau 'fantin^blo, jfantin'blo, -nn-
forage 'forids, 'for-, 'for- |-s -iz |-d -d
(Fr foten'blo)
Foraker 'faraka^, 'for-, 'for-; ES -kaCr
fontanel, -lie ^fanta'nel; ES+ifon-
foramen fo'reman |-s -z |foramina fo-
Foochow 'fu't/au (Chin -'dso)
'raemana
food fud jfoodstuff 'fudjStAf
forasmuch jfaraz'mAtJ
fool ful 1 fooled fuld j-ery -an
foray 'fore, 'fare, 'fnre |-ed -d
foolhardy 'ful^hardi; ES -^hardi, E+-iha:di
forbade fa^'baed; ES fa'baed
fooHsh 'fub/
forbear 'ancestor^ 'fDr^ber, -jbaer; E 'fDa^beaCr,
foolproof 'ful'pruf ('fool-proof 'gadget)
ES -jbae3(r
foolscap 'fulzjkaep, paper often 'ful^skiep
forbear v far'ber, far-, -'baer; E faa'beaCr, fa-.
foot fut |footed 'futid j-age -ids |-ing -iij
ES -'baea(r; |-bore -'bor, -'bar; ES -'bo3(r.
football 'futjbol
E-t--'b33(r; |-borne -'born, -'barn; ES
footboard 'futjbord, -^bord; ES -jboad, E +
-'bean, E4--'b33n; ('bear and 'forebear)
-jboad
forbearance for'berans, fa^-, -'baEr3ns; E fa3-,
footboy 'futjbai
fa-; S fas'baerans, fa-
footbridge 'fut^bnds |-s -iz
Forbes-Robertson 'farbz'raba'tsn; ES 'faabz-
foot-candle 'fut'kaendj
'rab3tsn, -'rob-
footfall 'fut^fDl
forbid fa^'bid; ES f3'bid; J-bad, -bade -'bad
footgear 'fut^gir; ES -jgi3(r, S + -ig£3(r
1 -bidden -'bidn | -dance -ns
foothill 'futjhil
forbore for'bor, fa^-, -'bar; ES faa'boaCr, fa-.
foothold 'futjhold
E-(--'b3a(r; |-rne -n
footle 'futl l-d -d 1-ling 'futbg, 'futhg
forby, -bye far'bai; ES faa'bai
footlights 'futjlaits
force fors, fars; ES foas, E+f33s; |-s -iz |-d -t
footling adv, adj 'futbg
l-dly -idh
foot-loose 'futjlus
forceable 'coerceable' 'fors3bl, 'fars-; ES
footman 'futman |-men -man
'foas-, E + 'faas-
footmark 'fut^mark; ES -jma:k, E+-jma:k
forceful 'forsfal, 'fars-; ES 'fo3S-, E + 'fass-;
footnote 'fut^not |-d -id
l-ly -I
footpad 'futjpaed
forcemeat 'forsjinit, 'fars-; ES 'foas-, E +
footpath 'fut/paeO; E-i--jpae, -^paG; |-ths -Sz
'faas-
foot-pound 'fut'paund
forceps 'farsaps; ES 'faassps
footprint 'futjpnnt |-ed -id
forcible 'violent' 'fors3bl, 'fars-; ES 'foas-.
footrest 'futjtest
E + 'faas-; |-bly -bb
footrope 'fut^rop
ford, F- ford, fard; ES foad, E+faad; |-ed -id
footsore 'futjsor, -jS3r; ES -jsoo(r, E+-jS33(r
Fordham 'fordam, 'far-; ES 'fo3d3m, E-i-
footstep 'futjStEp
'faa-
footstock 'futjstak; ES^-^stDk
fordo far'du; ES faa-; ]-does -'dAz |-did -'did
footstool 'futjstul
[-done -'dAn
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi Ipity 'piti (§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gri
|bath baeG; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wat/, wot/ (§12) |jaw dga [gorge gards |go go
Fordyce
171
foreshank
Fordyce 'fardais; ES 'faa-; |-'s -iz, Scotl
For'dyce
fore for, far; ES foa(r, E+f33(r
fore-and-aft 'foran'aeft, 'far-, -and-; E+-'aft,
-'aft; S 'foran(d)'aeft
forearm n 'forearm, 'far-; ES 'forja:m,
E + 'far-, -fl'.m
forearm v for'arm, far-; ES for'a:m, E+far-,
-'arm; |-ed -d
forebear 'ancestor' 'for^bEr, 'far-, -jbaer; E
'foajbE3(r, 'faa-, -jbaea(r; S 'foajbaeaCr
forebode for 'bod, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-; |-d
-id |-ding -10
forebrain 'for^bren, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E-i-'faa-
forecast n 'for^kaest, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E+'faa-,
-jkast, -jkast
forecast v for'kaest, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-,
-'kast, -'kast; \past -cast, -casted -id
\acct + 'f orejcast(ed)
forecastle naut. 'foksl, as sp. pron. 'forjkaesl,
'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-, -jkasl, -jkasl
foreclose for'kloz, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-; \-s
-IZ |-d -d j-sure -33^; ES -3a (r
foredo for'du, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-; |-does
-'dAz 1-did -'did |-done -'dAn
foredoom n 'for^dum, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-
foredoom v for'dum, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-;
l-ed -d
forefather 'for^faSa', 'far-; ES 'foajfatJaCr,
E+'faa-, -jfatSa(r
forefend for 'fend, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-;
|-ed -id
forefinger 'forjfirjga^, 'far-; ES 'foa^figgaCr,
E + 'faa-
forefoot 'forkful, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-;
|-feet -fit — acc^+'fore'f-
foregather for'gaeSa^, far-; ES foa'gaecSaCr,
E+faa-; |-ed -d 1-ing -'gae'Sarirj, -'gaeSrig
forego for'go, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-; |-went
-'went |-gone -'gan, -'gon, less freq. -'gan
foregoing for'gO'ig, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-;
('fore^going 'day)
foregone for 'gan, far-, -'gon; ES foa-, E+faa-;
('fore^gone con'clusion)
foreground 'for^graund, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E +
'faa-
forehand 'for^haend, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-
forehanded 'for'haendid, 'far-; ES 'foa-,
E + 'faa-
forehead 'farid, 'far-, 'for-, -ad, 'far^hed
foreign 'farm, 'far-, 'for-, -an |-ness -nis
forejudge for'dsAds, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-;
|-s -IZ |-d -d
foreknow for 'no, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-;
|-knew -'nju, -'niu, -'nu |-known -'non
foreknowledge 'for^nalids, 'far-; ES 'foa^nal-,
-jnnl-, E + 'faa-; acd+ fore 'knowledge
forelady 'for^ledi, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-
foreland 'forland, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-
foreleg 'forjeg, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-;
acd + 'fore 'leg
forelimb 'for Jim, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-;
acd+ 'fore 'limb
forelock 'forjak, 'far-; ES 'foajak, -jink,
E + 'faa-
foreman 'forman, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-;
I -men -man
foremast 'for^maest, 'far-; ES 'foa^maest,
E + 'faa-, -jmast, -^mast
foremost 'foremost, 'far-, -mast; ES 'foa-,
E + 'faa-
forename 'for^nem, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-;
l-d-d
forenoon for 'nun, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-;
('fore^noon 'task)
forensic fa'rensik, fo- |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikh
foreordain ^forar'den, ifar-; ES iforaa'den,
E+jfar-; |-ed -d
foreordinate v for'ardn^et, far-; ES for'aadn-,
E+far-; |-d -id
foreordination jforardn'e/an, jfar-; ES ^for-
adn-, E + jf ar-
Forepaugh 'for^pa, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-
forepaw, F- 'for, pa, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-
forequarter 'for^kwarta^, 'far-; ES 'foa-
jkwaata(r, E + 'faa-
forerun for 'r An, far-; ES foa'rAn, E+faa-;
|-ran -'raen \pplc -run -'rAn [-ner -a^; ES
-a(r; acd + 'fore-runner
foresaid 'for^sed, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-
foresail 'for^sel, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-
foresee for'si, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-; |-saw
-'sa |-seen -'sin
foreshadow n 'forjjaedo, 'far-, -a; ES 'foa-,
E + 'faa-
foreshadow v for'/aedo, far-, -a; ES foa-,
E+faa-; |-ed -d |-ing -'/aedawiij
foreshank 'for,Jaegk, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-
|full ful |tooth tu6 Ifurther 'fy'Sa'; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau |toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij" [vision 'vijan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
foresheet
172
former
foresheet 'for Jit, 'for-; ES 'foa-, E+'faa-
foreshore 'forj/or, 'for^Xor; ES 'foaj/oaCr,
E + 'f33i/33(r
foreshorten for'Jortn, far-; ES foa'/aatn, E +
foa-; |-ed -d |-ing -tnig, -tnig
foreside 'foresaid, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E+'faa-;
ace/ + 'fore 'side
foresight 'for^sait, 'for-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-
foresighted 'for'saitid, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E +
'faa-; ('fore^sighted 'act)
foreskin 'foreskin, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-
forespeak for'spik, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-;
|-spoke -'spok |-spoken -'spokan
forest 'farist, 'far-, 'for-, -ast |-ed -id |-ry -ri
forestall for'stal, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-;
l-ed -d
forestation jfaris'te/an, jfar-, jfor-
foretaste n 'for^test, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-
foretaste v for 'test, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-;
l-d -id
foretell for'tel, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-; [-told
-'told
fo rethink for'Giijk, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-;
I -thought -'Gat
forethought 11 'for^Gat, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-
foretime 'for^taim, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-
foretimed 'timed before' for'taimd, far-; ES
foa-, E+faa-
foretoken n 'for^tokan, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-
foretoken v for'tokan, far-; ES foa-, E+faa-;
|-ed -d I-ing -'tokanig, -'toknig
foretop 'for^tap, 'far-; ES 'foa^tap, -jtop,
E + 'faa-
f ore- topmast for'tapjOiaest, far-; ES foa'tap-
jinaest, -'top-, E+faa-, -;mast, -^mast
fore-topsail for'tapiSel, naut. -sj, far-; ES
foa'tap-, -'top-, E+faa-
forever fa-'eva^; ES -'£va(r
forevermore fa^jEva^'mor, -'mar; ES fa^jsva-
'moa(r, E + -'maa(r
forewarn for 'warn, far-; ES foa'waan, E+
faa-; |-ed -d
forewent past of forego for 'went, far-; ES foa-,
E+faa-
forewoman 'for^wuman, 'far-, -jwum-; ES
'foa-, E + 'faa-; |-women -jwimin, -man —
see woman
foreword 'for^wyd, 'far-; ES 'foa^wsd, 'foa-
jwyd, E + 'faa-
foreyard 'forjard, 'far-; ES 'foaJa:d, E +
'faa-, -ija:d
Forfar 'f^rf^^; loc. 'fnrfar; ES 'faafa(r; [-shire
-Jir, -/»; ES -;Jia(r, -Ja(r
forfeit 'farfit; ES 'faafit; j-ed -id
forfeiture 'farfit/a^; ES 'faafit Ja(r
forfend far'fend; ES faa 'fend; |-ed -id
forgather far'gaetia'; ES faa'gae?ia(r; j-ed -d
|-ing -'gaetiarig, -'gaESrig
forgave fa^'gev; ES fa'gev
forge fards, fords; ES foads, faadj; |-s -iz |-d
-d — The pron. with a by many who say ford,
forG, etc., results from ME double forms
'fordsa &° 'fatrdsa.
forger 'fardsa^, 'fordsa^; ES 'foad3a(r, 'faa-;
|-y -I — see forge
forget fa^'gEt; ES fa-; \past -got -'gat \pptc
-gotten, -got -'gatn, -'gat; |ES + -'gDt(n)
forgetful fa^'gEtfal; ES fa-; \-\y -i
forgetive 'fardsativ, 'for-; ES 'foads-, 'faads-
— see forge
forget-me-not fa^'gEtmijUat; ES fa'gEtmi^nat,
-jHOt
forgettable fa-'gEtabl; ES fa-
forgive fa^'giv; ES fa-; |-gave -'gev [-given
-'givan |-ness -nis
forgo far'go; ES faa'go; |-went -'went |-gone
-'gan, -'gnn, less freq. -'gan
forgot fa^'gat; ES fa'gat, -'got; |-ten -^i
forjudge far'dsAds; ES faa-; |-s -iz |-d -d
fork fark; ES faak; |-ed -t
forked adj farkt, 'farkid; ES faak-
forlorn fy'larn; ES fa'laan; |-ness -nis
form farm; ES faam; |-ed -d [-al -1 j-ally -li —
The pron. form /or the sense 'rank,' 'bench,'
once current in Engd, comes from a ME
variant furme, fourme 'fu:rma. Cf course,
formaldehyde far'maelda^haid; ES fa'mael-
formalin, F- 'farmalin; ES 'faam-
formalism 'farmjjizam; ES 'faam-; |-ist -ist
formahty far'maelati; ES fa-
formalize 'farml^aiz; ES 'faam-; |-s -iz |-d -d
formant 'farraant; ES 'faam-
format 'farmaet {Fr far 'ma)
formation far'me/an; ES faa-
formative 'farmativ; ES 'faam-
forme farm; ES faam
former 'farma^; ES 'faama(r; |-ly -li —
'farmali, by r-dissimilation, is often heard.
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret |yet jet [sang saeg |angr>' 'aeg-gri
|bath baeG; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watj, wntj" (§12) Ijaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
formic
173
Fourier
leading to easier confusion with formally
(§121).
formic 'farmik; ES 'foam-; |-ary -jEri
formicate adj 'farmikit; ES 'foam-
formicate V 'formijket; ES 'foam-; |-d -id
formidable 'fornudabl; ES 'foam-; |-bly -bli
— Brit+io^mid-
Formosa far'mosa; ES faa-
formula 'farmjala; ES 'faam-; |-s -z |-lae -}i
|-lary -Jen
formulate 'farmjajet; ES 'faam-; |-d -id
formulation jfarmja'le/an; ES ifaam-
fornicate 'farnijket; ES 'faan-; |-d -id
fornication jfarni'keXan; ES jfaan-
Forres 'fans, 'fans, 'foris, -iz |-'s -isiz, -iziz
Forrest 'farist, 'farist, 'fonst
forsake fa^'sek; ES fa-; |-sook -'suk 1-saken
-'sekan
forsooth fa^'suO; ES fa'suG
forspend far 'spend; ES faa-; [-spent -'spent
forswear far'swer, -'swaer; E faa'swea(r, ES
faa'swaea(r; |-swore -'swor, -'swar; ES
-'swoa(r, E + -'swaa(r; |-sworn -'sworn,
-'swarn; ES -'swoan, E+-'swaan
Forsyte 'farsait; ES 'faasait
Forsyth fa^'saiO; ES fa'saiG
forsythia, F- fa^'siOia, far-, -'sai6-, -Oja; ES
fa-, fa-; The 1st pron. follows English Latin
tradition, as in Lydia (Z, Lydia); the 2d,
the analogy of Forsyth,
fort fort, fart; ES foat, E+faat
forte ^strong point' fort, fart; ES foat, E+faat
forte music 'farti, -te; ES 'faat-
Fortescue 'fartis^kju, -jkiu; ES 'faat-
forth, F- fore, farO; ES foae, E+faaO
forthcoming 'forG'kAmig, 'farO-; ES 'foaG-,
E+'faaG-
forthright adj, adv forO'rait, farG-; ES foaG-,
E+faaG-; ('forth^right 'mind)
forthwith forG'wiG, farG-, -'wi(J; ES foaG-,
E+faaG-
fortification jfartafa'ke/an; ES /faata-
fortify 'farta^fai; ES 'faata-; |-fied -jfaid
Fortinbras 'fartn^braes, 'fartin-; ES 'faat-
fortissimo far'tisajino; ES fa'tis-; {It for-
'tissijmo)
fortitude 'farta^tjud, -jtiud, -^tud; ES 'faat-
fortnight 'fartnait, 'fort-, -nit, -nat; ES
'faat-, 'foat-; |-ly -li — All the pronuncia-
tions of fortnight here given are regtdar
phonetic or analogical developments.
fortress 'fartris, -tras; ES 'faat-; |-es -iz
l-ed -t
fortuitous far'tjuatas, -'tiu-, -'tu-; ES fa-;
|-tism -jtizam |-ty -ti
Fortuna far'tjuna, -'tiu-, -'tu-; ES faa-
fortune 'fart/an; ES 'faa-; |-nate -it
fortuneteller 'fart/an^tela^; ES 'faat/an^telaCr
forty 'farti; ES 'faati; |-tieth -tiiG |-fold -'fold
forty-niner ^farti'naina^; ES jfaati'naina(r
forum 'foram, 'faram; S 'foram; |-s -z j-ra -ra
forward 'farwa^d; ES 'faawad; |-s -z — Some
good speakers still use the historical pron.
'fara'd; ES 'farad.
forwent past of forgo far 'went; ES faa-
forwhy far'hwai; ES faa'hwai
fosse fas, fos |-s -iz |-d -t
fossil 'fasl, 'fosj; |-ize -^aiz |-izes -^aiziz |-ized
-^aizd
foster, F- 'fasta^, 'fas-, ^fos-; ES -ta(r; |-ed -d
|-ing -tang, -trig
Fostoria fas'tona, fos-, -'tar-; S -'tor-
Fotheringay 'faSarigjge, -'Srig-; ES + 'ft»?l-
fought fat
foul faul |-ed -d |-ly 'fauUi, 'fauli
foulard fu'lard, fa'lard; ES -'la:d, E+-'la:d
foul-breathed 'faul'breGt
foulmouthed 'faul'mau'Sd, -Gt |-thedly -'Sidli
foulness 'faulnis |-es -iz
Foulness jfaul'nes |-'s -iz
found past b" pptc of find faund
found V faund [founded 'faundid
foundation faun'de/an |-al -| |-ally -Ii
founder n 'faunda^; ES -da(r; |-dress -dris
founder v 'faunda^; ES -da(r; j-ed -d j-ing
'faundang, -drig
foundery 'faundari, 'faundn |-dry -dri
fount faunt
fountain 'fauntn, -tin, -tan
four for, far; ES foa(r, E+faa(r
Fourdrinier fur'drini*; ES fua'drini'a(r
four-flush 'for'fkj, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-;
|-es -IZ |-ed -t [-er -a^; ES -a(r
fourfold adj, adv 'for 'fold, 'far-; ES 'foa-,
E + 'faa-
four-footed 'f or'f utid, 'far- ; ES 'foa-, E + 'f aa-
Fourier jfuri'e, 'funa^; ES jfuri'e, 'furi-aCr;
{Fr fu'rje)
[full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fySa^; ES 'faSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kiedl [keep 'em 'kipm
Fourierism
174
fraud
Fourierism 'furia'jizam |-ist -ist
four-in-hand 'foriiijhaend, 'for-; S 'for-
four-legged 'for'kgid, 'for-, -'kgd; ES 'foa-,
E + 'f33-
four-masted 'for'maestid, 'for-; ES 'foa-,
E-i-'faa-, -'mast-, -'mast-
four-o'clock 'fora^klak, 'fora-; ES 'fora^klak,
-jklok, E + 'fara-
fourpence 'forpans, 'for-; ES 'foa-, E + 'foa-;
I -penny -jpeni, -pom
four-poster 'for 'posts', 'for-; ES 'foo'postoCr,
E + 'foo-
fourscore 'for'skor, 'for'skor; ES 'foa'skooCr,
E + 'fo3'sko3(r; ('four, score and 'ten)
foursome 'forsom, 'for-; ES 'foo-, E + 'foo-
foursquare 'for'skwer, 'for-, -'skwaer; E
'foo'skwEoCr, 'foo-, -'skwaeoCr; S 'foo-
'skwaeo(r; ('four,square 'room)
fourteen for 'tin, for-; ES foa-, E+foa-; (,he's
'four'teen, 'four^teen 'men)
fourteenth for'tinO, for-; ES foo-, E+foo-;
I -ths -8s — acct + 'four 'teen th
fourth fore, forO; ES fooG, E-t-fooO; |-ths -Gs
four-wheel adj, n 'for,liwiI, 'for-; ES 'foo-,
E + 'foo-
four-wheeled 'for'hwild, 'for-; ES 'foo-, E +
'fo3-; ('four-, wheeled 'truck)
f outer, -tre 'futa^; ES 'futoCr
fowl faul [fowled fauld |fowhng 'faulig
fox faks; ES+fnks; |-es -iz |-ed -t |-glove
-,glAV |-hound -,haund |-tail -,tel
foy V foi |-ed -d
foyer 'pilot' 'foijy; ES 'foi-3(r
foyer 'lobby' 'foia^, 'foi-e; ES 'foi-3(r, 'foi-e;
{Fr fwa'je)
fra, F- fra
fracas 'frekas |-es -iz; Brit 'fraeka, pi -kaz
fraction 'fraek/an |-ed -d |-al -} |-ally -li
fractionate 'fraekj"an,et |-d -id
fractious 'fraek/as
fracture 'fraektJV; ES -tJaCr; |-d -d
f rae stressed 'f re, ,f re ; unstr. fre, f ri
fragile 'fraedsal, -dsil |-gilely -dsali, -djili,
-alli, -lUi
fragility frae'djilati, fra-
fragment 'fraegmant
fragmental fraeg'mentj |-ly -i
fragmentary 'fraegman,t£ri |-ly -li, esp. if
efnph. ,fraegman'terali
fragrance 'fregrans |-cy -i |-ant -ant
frail frel |-ly 'frelb, 'freh |-ty -ti
f raise frez |-s -iz |-d -d
frame frem |-d -d
frame-up 'frem,Ap
framework 'frem/wyk; ES -,w3k, -,wyk
Framingham Mass 'fremig,haEm, Engd
-migam
franc fraegk
France fraens; E-i-frans, frans; |-'s -iz
Frances 'fraensis E-i-'fran-, 'fran-; |-ces' -sis
Francesca fran'tjeska {It fran'tjeska)
franchise 'fraent/aiz |-s -iz |-d -d
franchisement 'fraent/izmant
Francis 'fraensis; E-h'fran-, 'fran-; |-cis' -sis
Francisca fraen'siska |-can -kan |-co -ko
Franck fraok {Fr fra:k, Ger fragk)
Francke, Kuno 'kuno'fragka
Franco-American 'f raeijkoa 'merakan
Franco-British 'fraegko'britij"
Franco-German 'fraegko'dsyman; ES -Mssm-,
-'ds^m-
Francophile 'fraegka,fail
Francophobe 'fraegka,fob j-bia jfraegka'fobia
Franco-Prussian 'fraegko'prAjan
frangible 'fraendsabl |-bihty jfraendsa'bilati
frangipane 'fraendsa^pen
frangipani ^fraendsi'paeni, -'pani
frank, F- fraegk |-ed -t
Frankenstein 'fraegkan,stain, -kin-
Frankfort 'fraegkfa^t; ES 'fraegkfat
Frankfurt 'fraegkfa^t; ES 'fraegkfat; {Ger
'fragkfurt)
frankfurter, F- 'fraegkfa^ta^; ES 'fraegkfata(r
frankincense 'fraegkin,sens
franklin, F- 'fraegklin |-ite -^ait
frankpledge 'fraegk^pleds |-s -iz
frantic 'fraentik j-ly -li |-ally -li
frappe frae'pe |-ed -d (Fr fra'pe)
Eraser 'freza^, 'fresa^; ES -a(r; {Sc 'fre:3ar)
frater 'freta^; ES 'freta(r
fraternal fra'tynl, fre-; ES -'tsnl, -'tynl;
l-ly-i
fraternity fra'tynati; ES -Han-, -'tyn-
fraternize 'fraeta^^naiz, 'fret-; ES -ta-; |-s -iz
1-d-d
fratricide 'fraetrajsaid, 'fretra-
fratricidal jfraetra'saidl, ^fretra-
fraud frod |-ful -fal | -fully -fall
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angr},' 'aeg-gri
jbath baeO; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wat/, wntj (§12) |jaw dso [gorge gord3 |go go
fraudulence
175
fritter
fraudulence 'fr3d33l3ns [-cy -i |-lent -lant
frequence 'frikwans |-s -iz [-cy -i [-nt -nt
fraught f rat
frequent v fn'kwent [-ed -id
Fraunhofer 'fraun/hofa^; ES -^hofaCr
Frere frir; ES fna(r, S-i-fr£a(r
fray fre |-ed -d
fresco 'fresko [-ed -d
Frazer 'freza', 'fresa^; ES -3(r; {Sc 'fre-.sar)
fresh fre/ [-es -iz [-ed -t
Frazier 'fresa'; ES 'fre53(r; cf Fraser, Frazer
freshen 'f re/an [-ed -d [-ing 'fre/anig, -/nig
frazzle 'fraezl |-d"-d |-ling 'fraezhg, -zlig
freshet 'fre/it
freak f rik
freshman 'fre/man [-men -man
freckle 'frekl |-d -d |-ling 'freklirj, -klig
Fresno 'frezno
Frederic, -ick 'ftEdarik, 'fr£drik
fret fret [-ted -id [-ful -fal [-fully -fall
Frederica jfredaVika
fretsome 'fretsam
Fredericksburg 'frednksjbyg; ES -
ibsg.
fretwork 'fret^wsk; ES -jwsk, -jwa^k
-ibyg
Freud fraid {Ger frayt) Freudian 'fraidian
Fredonia NY, Kan fri'donia; Colombia
fre-
Frey fre, Swiss statesm. frai
'donja {Am Sp fre'Sonja)
Freya 'frea [Freyja 'freja
free fri |freer 'fria^; ES 'fri-aCr
friable 'fraiabi
freeboard 'fri^bord, -^bard; ES -jboad,
E +
friar, F- 'fraia', frair; ES 'frai'a(r, fraia(r
-jbaad
friary 'fraiari
freebooter 'fri^buta^; ES -jbutaCr
fribble 'fribl [d -d [-ling 'friblig, -blig
freeborn 'fri^born; ES -jbaan
fricassee ^frika'si [-d -d
Freeborn 'friba^n; ES 'friban
fricative 'frikativ
freedman, F- 'fridman [-men -man
friction 'frik/an [-ed -d
freedom, F- 'fridam
Friday 'fraidi — spelt Fridy in 1642
freedwoman 'frid^wuman, -jwu- |
-men
fried past b' pptc of fry fraid
-Vimin, -an — see woman
friedcake 'fraid jkek
free-for-all 'frifa^bl ('free-for-.all 'fight)
friend trend |-ly -li [-ship -/ip, 'fren/ip
freehand 'frijhaend
frier 'fryer' 'fraia^; ES 'frai'a(r
freehanded 'fri'haendid
Fries Sw hot., Ger philos. fris; Am schol. friz
freehold 'fri^hold
[-'s -IZ
freeman, F- 'friman |-men -man
fries from fry fraiz
Freemason 'frijmesn, ;fri'mesn |-ry -ri
Friesian 'frisan [-sic -zik |-sish -zij
freer, F- 'fria^; ES 'fri-aCr
Friesland 'frizland, -Jaend
free-soil, F- 'fri'sail ('Free-jSoil 'party)
frieze friz [-s -iz [-d-d
free-spoken 'fri'spokan
frigate 'frigit
freestone, F- 'frijston
Frigg frig [Frigga 'friga
freethinker 'fri'eigka^; ES -'GigkaCr
fright frait |-ed -id
freeze, F- friz |-s -iz [froze froz [frozen 'frozn
frighten 'fraitn [-ed -d [-ing 'fraitnig, -tnig
Freiburg 'fraibyg; ES -bsg, -byg;
(Ger
frightful 'fraitfal [-ly -i
'fraiburk)
frigid 'fridsid |-ity fri'd3idati .
freight fret [freighted 'fretid
frijol, -e 'frihol, -'bol
Fremont John C. 'frimant, -mont, fri'm
-
frill fril l-ed -d
Fremont 'frimant, -mont
fringe fnnds [-s -iz [-d -d
French frsntj [-'s -iz [-man, -men
-man
frippery 'fripari
[-woman -^wuman [-women -jWimin, -
an —
Frisian 'frisan, 'fri3ian
see woman
frisk frisk |-ed -t
Frenchify 'f rent/a ^fai [-fied -^faid
frit frit
Freneau fri'no, f re-
frith frie [-ths -Os
frenetic fra'netik, fri- |-al -1 [-ally -h
fritillary 'fritljeri
frenzy 'ftEnzi |-ied -d
fritter 'frita-; ES 'frita(r; [-ed -d
[full ful [tooth tu6 [further 'fySa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse f juz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
frivol
176
full
frivol 'frivi |-ed -d 1-ing 'frivlig, -vlig
frowzy 'frauzi
frivolity fnValati; ES + -'vd1-
froze froz [frozen 'frozn
frivolous 'frivabs, 'frivlas
fructification jfrAktafa'keJan
friz, -zz friz [frizzes 'fnziz [frizzed frizd
fructify 'frAkta^fai |-fied -^faid j-tose -tos
frizzle 'frizl |-d -d |-ling 'frizlig, -zlig
fructuous 'frAktJuas
fro fro
frugal 'frugl, 'friugl |-ity fru'galati, fnu-
Frobel 'frebl {Ger 'frorbal)
fruit frut, friut |-ed -id |-ful--fal [-fully -fall
Frobisher 'frobija^; ES 'frobij3(r
fruitcake 'frut^kek, 'friut-
frock frak; ES+frnk; |-ed -t
fruiterer 'frutara^, 'friut-; ES -tara(r
froe fro
fruition fru'i/an, fnu-
Froebel ^frebl {Ger 'frotbal)
frumenty 'frumanti, 'fnu-
frog frag, frag, frog; S frog, frag, frog; |-eye
frump frAoip j-ed -t
-jai
frustrate 'frAstret [-d -id |-tion frAs'treJan
Frohman 'froman
frustrum erron. for frustum 'frAstram [-s -z
Froissart 'froisart; ES -sa:t, E+-sa:t; {Fr
j-tra -tra
frwa'sa:r)
frustum 'frAstam |-s -z |-ta -ta
frolic 'frahk; ES + 'frolik; |-some -sam
fry frai [fried fraid [fryer 'fraia^; ES -a(r
from stressed 'from, jfram, ^frnm, jfrom.
Fryeburg 'fraibyg; ES -bag, -byg
'frAm, jfrAm; tmstr. fram
fuchsia, F- 'f ju/a, 'fiu-, -Jia, generic 'fuksia
Frome Eng rivs. b' places frum — A sp. pron.
fuchsin 'fuksin [-sine -sin, -sin
from is also heard in Engd.
fuddle 'fAdl l-d -d j-ling 'fAdhg, 'fAdhg
frond frond, frnnd
fudge fAds [fudges 'f Adsiz [fudged fAdsd
Fronde Fr fro:d
Fuegian f ju'idsian, fiu-, 'fweds-
front frAnt [fronted %Antid j-age -ids 1-ages
Fuehrer 'fira', 'fju-; ES -ra(r; {Ger 'fy:rar)
-idsiz |-al -1 |-ally -li
fuel 'fjual, 'final [-ed -d
Frontenac 'frantajnaek, 'frnn-, in C+Fr
fugacious fju'ge/as, fiu-
frota'nak
fugitive 'fjudsativ, 'fiu-
frontier frAn'tir, fran-, frnn-, ^frAntir, ^fran-.
fugleman 'fjuglman, 'fiu- j-men -man
'fron-; ES -'ti3(r, -ti3(r, S+-'te3(r, -t83(r;
fugue fjug, fiug |-d -d
|-sman -zman |-smen -zman
Fiihrer 'fira^, 'fju-; ES -ra(r; {Ger 'fj-:rar)
frontispiece 'frAntis^pis, 'fran-; ES + 'fron-;
Fuji 'fudsi [Fujiyama jfudsi'jama
|-s -IZ
-i\i\ unstressed ending forming adjectives (plaj^-
frontlet 'frAntlit
ful), pron. -fal, -fl, less freq. -ful. Only the
frore arch, fror, frar; ES fro3(r, E+fr33(r
pron. -fal is given in the vocabulary, it being
frost frast, frost |-ed -id |-ing -ig
understood that -f 1 is a common variant, and
frostbite 'frast^bait, 'frost- |-bit -jbit [-bitten
-ful a less freq. one, being heard chiefly in
-jbitn
formal style or consciously careful speech.
frostflower 'frost ^f la ua^, 'frost-, -jflaur; ES
Many adjectives in -ful are omitted from the
-yflau'3(r, -jflau3(r
vocabulary.
frostwork 'frost jwyk, 'frost-; ES -jwak.
-ful half-stressed ending of compound nouns
-iWyk
(cupful 'kApjful).
froth froe, froO |-ths -Gs |-ed -t
-ful, -full stressed second element of compound
Froude frud
adjectives (brimful, -11 'brim'ful, -jful, half-
frou-frou 'frufru
full 'h^f'ful, -,ful).
frounce frauns j-s -iz |-d -t
fulcrum 'fAlkram [-s -z [-ra -ra
frouzy 'frauzi
fulfill, -fil ful'fil |-(l)ed -d
fro ward 'froa^d, 'frowa'd; ES -ad, -wad
fulgent 'fAldsant [-gid -dsid
frown fraun |-ed -d
fulgor 'fAlga'; ES -ga(r; |-ous -as
frowsty 'frausti
full ful [fulled fuld [fully 'full
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret jyet jet [sang s£eg |angr\' 'aeg-gri
[bath baeO; E baG (§10) |ah a [far far [watch wat/, wot/ (§12) jjaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
fullback
177
fustigate
fullback ^fuljbaek
fuller 'fula^; ES 'ful3(r; |-ed -d
fulmar 'fulma^; ES 'fulm3(r
fulminate 'f Alma^net |-d -id |-nant -nant
fulmination jfAlma'nefan |-nous ^fAlmanss
fulsome 'fulsam, 'IaI-
Fulton 'fultni
Fulvia 'f a1vi3, -vja
fulvous 'f a1v3s
fumarole 'fjumajtol, 'fiu-
fumatory 'fjumajtori, 'fiu-, -jt3ri; S -jtori
fumble 'fAmbl |-d -d |-ling ^fAmblig, -blig
fume fjum, fium \-d -d
fumet 'fjumit, 'fiu- |fumette f ju'met, fiu-
fumigate 'f juma^get, 'fiu- [-d -id
fumiter 'fjumata', 'fiu-; ES -t3(r
fumitory 'fjumajtori, 'fiu-, -itari; S -jton
fumy 'fjumi, 'fiumi
fun fAn I funned fAnd
function 'fAgk/an |-ed -d |-al -1 [-ally -|i
functionary 'fAgkJaiijeri
fund fAnd [funded 'f Andid
fundament 'f Andaman!
fundamental ^f Anda'mentj |-ly -i |-ism -jizam
|-ist -ist
fundus 'fAndas |-es -iz
Fundy 'f Andi
funeral 'fjunaral, 'fiu-
funereal fju'nirial, fiu- j-ly -i
funest f ju'nest, fiu-
fungi 'f Andsai
fungicide 'fAndsa^said
fungoid 'fAggaid |-al fAg'gaidl
fungous adj 'fAggas
fungus n 'fAggas |-es -iz |fungi 'fAudsai
funicle 'fjunikl, 'fiu-
funicular fju'nikjala^, fiu-; ES -la(r
funk fAgk [funked f Agkt
funnel 'fAnl |-ed -d
funny 'f Am
fur fy; ES f3(r, fy; |-red -d
furbelow 'fybl^o; ES 'fs-, 'fy-; j-ed -d
furbish 'fs^biji ES 'fs-, 'fy-; |-es -iz |-ed -t
furcate adj 'fyket, -kit; ES 'fs-, 'fy-
furcate v 'fyket; ES 'fs-, 'fy-; \-d -id
furfur 'fa^fa^; ES 'fsfaCr, 'fyfaCr; |-es -^iz j-al
furibund 'fjun^bAnd, 'fio-
furious 'fjurias, 'fiu-
furl fyl; ES fsl, fyl; |-ed -d
furlong 'fs'bg, -log; ES 'fs-, 'fy-, S + -lag
furlough 'fylo; ES 'fslo, 'fylo
furmenty 'fs^manti; ES 'fs-, 'fs*-
furmity 'fs'mati; ES 'fs-, 'fy-
furnace ^fs'nis, -as; ES 'fs-, 'fy-; |-s -iz
Furnas 'fs^nis, -as; ES 'fs-, 'fs'-; |-'s -iz
Furness, -niss 'fynis, -as; ES 'fs-, 'fy-; |-'s
-IZ
furnish 'fyni/; ES 'fs-, 'fs^-; |-es -iz |-ed -t
furniture 'fs^nitja^; ES 'fsnit/aCr, 'fs'nit/aCr
Furnival, -all 'fynavl; ES 'fsn-, 'fs^n-
furor 'f juror, 'fiu-; ES -raa(r
furrier 'fyia^; ES 'fsri-aCr, 'fAr-, 'fyi'a(r
furring 'fs'ig; ES 'fsrig, 'fs'ig
furrow 'fyo, -a; ES 'fsr-, 'fAr-, 'fy-; |-ed -d
furrowing 'fs^awig; ES 'fsrawig, 'fAr-, 'fy-
furry 'fs^i; ES 'fsn, 'fyi
further 'fytJa-; ES 'fsSaCr, 'fy3a(r; |-ed -d
|-ing -tiarig, -'Srig ]-ance -ans, -Srans
furthermore 'fs^Sa^jinor, 'fySa-, -^mar; ES
'fstSa^moaCr, 'fySajmoaCr, E+-jm3a(r; — In
the 2d pron. ^ has become a by dissimilation
{§121).
furthermost 'fytJa^jmost; ES 'fstSa-, ^fs'tSa-
furthest 'fytJist; ES 'fs-, 'fy-
furtive 'fs^tiv; ES 'fs-, 'fs'-
fury 'fjuri, 'fiuri
furze fyz; ES fsz, fyz; j-s -iz |-d -d
fusain 'fjuzen, 'fiu-, f ju'zen, fiu- {Fr fy'z«)
fuscous 'fAskas
fuse fjuz, fiuz j-s -IZ |-d -d
fusee gun f ju'zi, fiu-
fusee mils. Fr fy'ze
fusel 'fjuzl, 'fiu-, -si
fuselage 'fjuzlids, 'fiu-, -^05; |-s -iz {Fr
fyz'lazs)
fusibility jfjuza'bilati, jfiu-
fusible 'fjuzabl, 'fiu- |-bly -bh
fusiform 'fjuza^farm, 'fiu-; ES -jfaam
fusil 'fjuzl, 'fiu-, -zil
fusilier, -eer ^fjuzl'ir, ^fiu-; ES -'ia(r, S +
-'eaCr
fusillade jfjuz|'ed, ^fiu- |-d -id
fusion 'fju3an, 'fiu-
fuss fAs [fusses 'f Asiz [fussed fAst
fustian 'f Ast/an
fustic 'f Astik
fustigate 'f Astajget [-d -id [-tor -»', ES -a(r
jfuU ful [tooth tu6 [further 'fy'Sa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij* [vision Visan [Eden 'idiri [cradle 'kred} [keep 'em 'kipiii
fusty
178
galleass
fusty 'fAsti ]-tily -tli, -till
futhorc, -rk 'fuOark; ES 'fuOaak
futile 'fjutl, 'fiu-, -til |-ly -i
futilitarian jfjutib'terian, jfiu-, -'ter-, -rjan,
acct + f u J tili ' tarian
futility fju'tilati, fiu-
Futrall 'fjutral, 'fiu-
Futrell 'f jutral, 'fiu-
Futrelle f ju'trel, fiu-
futtock 'f Atak
future 'fjutja^, 'fiu-; ES -tj3(r; |-rism -jizam
|-ist -ist
futuristic ,f jut/a 'ristik, jfiu-
futurity fju'turati, fiu-, -'tiur-, -'tjur- |-ric
-rik
fuze fjuz, fiuz j-s -iz |-d -d
fuzee f ju'zi, fiu-
fuzz fAZ I fuzzes 'fAziz I fuzzed fAzd |-y -i
G
G, g letter dgi \pl G's, Gs, poss G's dgiz
gab gaeb | gabbed gaebd
gabardine, -ber- 'gteba'jdin, jgaeba^'din; ES
-ba-
gabble 'gaebl |-d -d |-ling 'gaebhg, 'gaeblig
gabby 'gaebi
gable 'gebl |-d -d |-ling 'geblig, 'geblig
Gabriel 'gebrial
gad, G- gaed | gadded 'gaedid
gadabout 'gaeda^baut
Gadarine jgaeda'rin, 'gaeda^rln
Gades 'gediz |-es' -iz
gadfly 'gaedjflai
gadget 'gaedsit
gadolinium jgaedaUinistn, -^linjam
Gadsden 'gaedzdan
Gadshill 'gaedz^hil
gadzooks 'gaed'zuks, 'gaed'zuks
Gaea 'djia
Gaekvvar 'dsikwar; ES 'dsikwarCr
Gael gel | Gaelic 'gelik jGaelicist 'gelasist
gaff gaef | gaffed gaeft
gaffer 'gaefa^; ES 'gaef a (r
gaff-topsail 'gaef'tapsl, -jsel; ES+-'tDp-
gag gaeg | gagged gaegd
gage gads 1 gages 'gedsiz | gaged gedsd
Gaia 'gea, 'gaia
gaiety 'geati | gaily 'geli
gaillardia ge'lardia, gi-; ES -^lardia, E +
-'la:d-
gain gen |-ed -d |-ful -fal | -fully -fab
Gainesville 'genzvil; S+-vl
gainly 'genii
gainsay gen'se |-says -'sez, -'sez |-said -'sed,
-'sed, acd + 'gain jsay, -jsaid
Gainsborough 'genz^byo, -a; ES -^bar-;,
-jbAr-, -jby-; Brit -bara, -bra
Gairdner 'gardna^, 'g2rd-, 'gaerd-; ES
'ga:dna(r, 'gaead-, E-i-'ga:d-, 'gead-
gait get Igaited 'getid
gaiter 'geta^; ES 'geta(r
Gains 'geas, 'gaias j-'s -iz
gala 'gela
galactic ga'laektik
galactose ga'laektos
Galahad 'gaelajhaed
Galapagos ga'lapa/gos {Sp ga'lapagas)
Galashiels jgaela'Jilz
Galatea ^gaela'tia
Galatia ga'le/a, ga'lejia- |-tians -/anz, -Jianz
Galax, g- 'gelaeks |-'s -iz |-ias ga'l^eksias
galaxy 'gaelaksi |-xian ga'l^eksian
Galba 'gaelba
gale gel |galed geld
Galen 'gelan, 'gelin
galena, G- ga'lina
Galesburg 'gelzbyg; ES -bsg, -byg
Galicia ga'lijia, -'hja |-cian -Jian, -Jan
Galilee 'gaela^li [Galilean jgaela'lian
Galileo jgaela'lio {It igali'kro)
galingale 'gaelin^gel, 'gaelig^gel
Gallon 'gaelian
gall gal I galled gald
Gall gal, gal, gael
gallant adj '■brave' 'gaelant
gallant adj 'amorous' ga'laent, 'gaelant
gallant n 'gaelant, ga'laent |-ry 'gaelantn
gallant v ga'laent |gallanted ga'laentid
Gallatin 'gaslatin
galleass 'gaeli,aes, 'gaebas |-es -iz
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angr}' 'seg-gri
jbath baeG; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj", wotj" (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
galleon
179
gaol
galleon 'gaehan, ^gaeljsn
Gambia 'gaembi«3
gallery 'gaelari, -ki |-ied -d
Gambler 'gaem,bir; ES -jbi3(r; /oc-t-gaem-
galley 'gaeh
'bir
gallfly 'gDljflai
gambler 'gaemjbir; ES -jbi3(r
Gallia 'gaeha
gambit 'gaembit
galliard 'gaelja^d; ES 'gaeljad
gamble 'gaembl [-d -d |-ling 'gaemblio.
galHardise 'gaelja^djiz; ES 'gaeljad^iz
'gaemblio
gallic, G- 'gaehk
gambrel 'gaembral [gambreled 'gaembrald
Gallicism 'gaelajSizam
Gambrinus gaem'brainas |-'s -iz
Galli-Curci 'gah'kurtji, 'gaeli'kytji; ES
game gem |-d -d [-some -sam
-'ku3-, -'k3-, -'ky-; {It 'galll'kurtji)
gamecock 'gem^kak; ES-i--/kDk
gallimaufry jgaeb'mofri
gamester 'gemsta^; ES 'gemstaCr
gallinaceous jgaeb'nejas
gamete 'gaemit, ga'mit, gae'mit
gallinule 'gaelajojul, -^niul, -^nul
gamin 'gaemin {Fr ga'mse)
Gallipoli gsUipali, ga'hpajli
gamma 'gaema
Gallipolis jgaelapa'lis |-lis's -Uisiz
gammer 'gaema^; ES 'gaema(r
gallipot 'gaebipat; ES + -jpiot
gammon 'gaeman
Gallitzin Pa ga'litsm
Gamp gaemp
gallium 'gaeliam
gamut 'gaemat
gallivant 'gaebjvaent, jgaelaVaent |-ed -id
gamy 'gemi
gall-less 'gallis
gan gaen
gallnut 'galjHAt
Gananoque jgaena'nok, /oc.-i--'nakwi {Fr ga-
galloglass 'gaelojglaes |-glasses -jglaesiz
na'nak)
gallon 'gaebn
gander 'gaenda^; ES 'gaendaCr
gallop 'gaebp | galloped 'gaebpt
Gandhi 'gandi, 'gandi, 'gaendi, 'gaendi
Galloway 'gaeb^we
ganef 'ganaf-
gallowglass 'gasbjglaes ] -glasses -jglaesiz
gang gaeo [ganged gaegd [ganging 'gaegig
gallows 'gaebz, -az | gallowses rare 'gaebziz.
gange gaends [-s -iz [-d -d
-bziz \dial. gallus 'gaebs [galluses 'gaebsiz
Ganges 'gaendsiz [Ganges' 'gaendsiz
gallstone 'galjSton
gangling 'gaegglig [-gly -gli
Gallup 'g«bp
gangHon 'gaegglian [ganglia 'gaegglia
Gallus 'gaebs j-li -lai |-'s -iz
gangplank 'gaeg^plaegk
galop 'gaebp | galoped 'gaebpt
gangrene 'gaeggrin, 'gaen-, gaeg'grin, gaen-
galore ga'br, -'br; ES -'b3(r, E-h-'baCr
l-d-d
galosh ga'laj; ES-h-'IdJ; |-es -iz
gangster 'gaegsta^; ES 'gaegsta(r
Galsworthy 'galz^ws'tJi, 'gaelz-; ES -jWstSi,
gangue gaeg
-jwySi; Dev 'gaelzari
gangway 'gaeg^we
galumph ga'lAmf [galumphed ga^Umft
gannet, G- 'gaemt
Galvani gaelVani {It galVami)
ganof 'ganaf
galvanic gael'vaenik [galvanism 'gaelv3iniz3m
ganoid 'gaenaid [ganoidal ga'naidl
galvanize 'gaslvajnaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
Gans gaenz [-'s -iz {Ger gans)
galvanometer jgaelva'namata'; ES -'namatCr,
Gansevoort 'gaensvurt; ES -vuat
-'nom-; |-metry -matri
gantlet 'gaentlit — see gauntlet
galvanoscope gaelVaenajskop, 'gaelvana^skop
gantline 'gaentjlain
Galveston 'gaelvistn, 'gaelvastn
gantry 'gaentn
Galway 'galwe
Ganymede 'gaena^mid
gam gaem [gammed gaemd
gaol djel [gaoled A^eXA, formerly gel, geld —
Gamaliel ga'mehal, gaWeljal
^' Some, .again are boring their very Noses
Gambetta gaem 'beta
•with hot Irons, in rage that they cannot corns
[full ful [tooth tu6 [further 'fa^'Sa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
gaolbird
180
Gatling
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m)
Words below that have ae before r (carry 'kaeri) are often pronounced in N with e ('ken, §94)
ling -bho,
^garjboad.
to a Resolution, whether they shall say. .
Jayl or Gaol."— i?. UEstrange {OED).
gaolbird 'dselibyd; ES -^bsd, -^byd
gap gaep [gapped gaept
gape gep, gaep | gaped gept, gaept — see gaup
gapingstock 'gepig^stak, 'gaep-; ES+-jStDk
gar gar; ES ga:(r
garage ga'ras, ga'radj, 'gaeras [-s -iz |-d -d
{Fr ga'rais) — The f idly Anglicized 'gaeridj
{of carriage 'kaerids) is not general in
American cultivated use.
Garand 'gserand
garb garb; ES ga:b; j-ed -d
garbage 'garbids; ES ^gaibids
garble 'garbl; ES 'ga:bl; |-d -d ]
-bill)
garboard 'gar^bord, -^bard; ES
E+-jb33d
Garcia 'gar/ia, -/a, -sia, Col gar'sia; ES -a:-:
{Am Sp gar'sia)
garden 'gardn, 'gardin; ES 'ga:dn, -dm
gardener, G- 'gardna^, 'gardna^; ES 'ga:d-
gardenia gar'dinia, -nja; ES ga'din-
Gardiner 'gardna^, 'gardna^, 'gardina^; ES
'ga:dn3(r, -dn3(r, -din3(r
Gardner 'gardna^; ES 'ga:dn3(r
Gareth 'gaeriG, 'gaeraO
Garfield 'garfild; ES 'ga:fild
Gargantua gar'gaent/ua ; ES ga'gaentfua;
|-n -n
gargle 'gargi; ES 'ga:gl; |-d -d |-ling
-glio
gargoyle 'gargail; ES 'gaigail; [-d -d
Gargrave 'gargrev; ES 'gargrev
Garibaldi ^gaera'baldi (// jgari'baldi)
garish 'gerij", 'gaerij; S 'gaerij
garland, G- 'garland; ES 'garland; |-ed
garlic 'garhk; ES 'ga:bk
garment 'garmant; ES 'ga:mant; j-ed -id
garner 'gorna^; ES 'ga:na(r; |-ed -d
garnet 'garnit; ES 'ga:nit; |-ed -id
garnish 'garnij; ES 'ga:ni/; |-es -iz
garnishee igarni'Ji; ES iga:-; |-d -d
garniture 'garnit/a^; ES 'gamit/aCr
Garrard 'gaera^d; ES 'gaerad
garret 'gaerit
Garrett 'gaerit |-sville -s,vil
?liO.
-id
1-ed -t
Garrick 'gaerik
garrison 'gaerasn |-ed -d
garrote, -tte ga'rot, ga'rat; ES+-'rDt; [-d -id
garrulity ga'rulati, ga'riulati
garrulous 'gaeralas, 'gaerjalas
Garry 'gaen
garter 'garta^; ES 'ga:ta(r; |-ed -d
garth gare; ES gaiG; |-ths -Os
Gary 'g£ri, 'g2:ri, 'gaen, 'gen; S 'gen, 'gaen —
Some speakers distinguish Gary /row Gerry
by a longer e.
gas n gaes [gases 'gaesiz [gassy 'gaesi
gas V gaes [gasses 'gaesiz [gassed gaest
Gascoigne gaes'kain, 'gaeskain, 'gaeskin
Gascon 'gaeskan [Gascony 'gaeskani
gasconade ^gaeskan'ed |-aded -'edid
gaseous 'gaesias, 'gaesjas, 'gaez-
gash gaej [gashes 'gae/iz [gashed gaejt
gasiform 'gaesajfarm; ES -^faam
gasify 'gaesa^fai |-fied -^faid
Gaskell 'gaeskl
gasket 'gaeskit [gasketed 'gaeskitid
gasKght 'gaesjlait [-lighted -jlaitid
gasohne, -lene 'gaesl^in, ;gaes)'m, 'gaez-,
jgaez-
gasometer gaes'amata^; ES -'amata(r, -'oma-
ta(r
gasp gaesp; E+gasp, gasp; [-ed -t
Gaspe gaes'pe {Fr gas'pe) ('Gasjpe 'tourist)
gaspergou ^gaespa^'gu, 'gaespa^jgu; ES -pa-
gastight 'gaes'tait ('gasjtight 'joint)
Gaston US 'gaestan; Fr name gass'tan, -'tan,
-'ton {Fr gas'to)
gastric 'gaestnk [gastritis gaes'traitis
gastroenteritis 'gaestrojcnta'raitis
gastronomic jgaestra'namik; ES + -'nDinik;
l-al -1 l-aUy -h, -ikh
gastronomy gaes'tranami; ES + -'trDnami
gastropod 'gaestrajpad; ES-F-jpod
gastroscope 'gaestra^skop
gat gaet
gate get [gated 'getid [-way -jwe
gate-leg 'getjkg [gate-legged 'getjegd
Gath gaee
gather 'gaetJa^; ES 'gae?ia(r; j-ed -d [-ing
'gaeting, 'gaeSarig
Gatling 'gaetlig
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg [angry 'aeg-gn
[bath baeG; E baO (§10) jah a [far far [watch watj", wutj (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
Gatun
181
Genevieve
Gatun ga'tun
gauche goj
gaucherie jgoja'ri, 'gojajri {Fr goJVi)
Gaucho 'gaut/o
gaud god I gaudy 'gadi |-ed -id
gauffer 'gofa^, 'gnfa', 'gafa'; ES -faCr; [-ed -d
|-ing -fang, -frig
gauge geds jgauges 'gedsiz Igauged gedsd
Gaul gal
gaunt, G- gant, gont, gant
gauntlet 'gantht, 'gnnt-, 'gant — cf gantlet
gaup gap Igauped gapt — see gape
gauss gaus [gausses 'gausiz
Gauss Christian, Karl gaus; Clarence gas
l-'s -iz
Gautama 'gatama
gauze gaz | gauzes 'gaziz | gauzy 'gazi
gave gev
gavel 'gaevl |-ed -d |-ing 'gaevlig, 'gaevhg
gavelkind 'gaevl^kaind
Gawain 'gawin, 'gawin
gawk gak | gawky 'gaki
gay ge Igayety 'geati
Gaza Palestine 'geza, Mozambique 'gaza
gaze gez | gazes 'geziz | gazed gezd
gazelle ga'zel
gazette ga'zet [gazetted ga'zetid
gazetteer ^gaeza'tir; ES -'tia(r, S+-HEa(r
Gdynia ga'dinja, -ma {Pol 'gdijia)
gear gir; ES gia(r, S+ge3(r; [-ed -d |-sliift
-Jrft
Geauga dsi'aga
gecko 'geko
Geddes 'gediz, -is |-'s -iz
gee dsi |geed dsid
geese gis [geese's 'gisiz
geest gist
geezer 'giza", ES 'giza(r
Geffrey 'dsefri
Gehenna gi'hena
Gehrkens 'gykinz, 'ger-; ES ^g3-, 'gy-,
'gea-; [-'s -iz
Geierstein 'gaia^^stain; ES 'gaia-
Geikie 'giki
geisha 'ge/a
gel chem. dsel [gelled djeld
gelatin, -e Mselatn [-(e)d -d
gelatinate dsa'laetrijet j-d -id [-nous -as
gelation dsEl'eXan, dsa'l-
geld n geld
geld V geld [gelded 'geldid or gelt gelt
Gelderland 'gelda'land; ES 'gelda-
gelding 'geldig
gelid 'dselid |-ity dsa'lidati, dse-
gelt past b' pptc of geld gelt
gem dsem jgemmed dsemd
geminate n, adj 'dsemanit
geminate v 'dsema/iiet [-d -id
gemination idsema'nejan
Gemini 'd5emainai, as intj 'dsimani
gemot, -e ga'mot
gemsbok 'gemzbak; ES+-bDk
gendarme 'sandarm; ES -da:m, E+-da:m;
[-ry -an, -ri (Fr sa'darm)
gender 'dsenda^; ES -dad; |-ed -d |-ing -dang,
-drig
gene dsin
genealogical jdsenia'ladsikl, ^dsini-; ES+
-'lods-; |-ly -i
genealogy jdsini'aeladsi, jdseni-, -'aladsi;
ES+-'d1-; [-gist -st; The a or n sound is
found in all parts of the US and in Canada.
The -ology words have influenced it.
genera pi of genus 'dsenara
general M3enaral, 'dsenral |-cy -si
generalissimo jd3enararisajmo, ^dsenral-
generality jdsenaVaelati
generalization jdsenarala'zejan, Msenral-,
-ai'z-
generalize 'dsenaral^aiz, Msenral- |-s -iz
j-d-d
generally Msenarali, 'dsenrali
generally 'dsenaralti, 'dsenralti
generate 'dsenajret [-d -id [-tor -3^; ES -a(r
generation ^dgena're/an
generic dsa'nerik [-al -1 [-ally -Ii, -ikli
generosity jdsenaVasati; ES+-'rDS-
generous 'dsenaras, 'dsenras
Genesee jdsena'si ('Gene^see 'River)
Genesee jdjena'sio
genesis, G- 'dsenasis \pl geneses 'dgena^slz
Genest, Genet dsa'net, sa'ne {Fr 3a 'ne)
genet, -tte M3enit, dsa'net
genetic dsa'netik [-al -1 [-ally -li, -ikli [-s -s
geneticism dsa'netajSizam [-cist -sist
Geneva dsa'niva [-van -van
Genevese jd3ena'viz
Genevieve 'dsenajviv, jd3enaViv
[full ful [tooth tu8 [further 'fytia'; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail jhow hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision Visan [Eden 'Idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Genevieve 182
Genevieve, -vicve saint 'dsena^viv {Fr
33nVJ£:v)
Genghis Khan 'djEn-giz^kan, 'dseggiz-
genial 'cheerful' 'dsinjal |-ly -i
genial 'generative' 'dsinial
genial 'of lite chin' dsi'naial
geniality jdsini'aelati, -n'jael-, -nji'aelati
genie 'dsenik
geniculate adj dss^nikjalit
genie 'dsim
genii 'dsinijai
genital 'dsEnatl
genitival jdsena'taivl j-ly -i
genitive MsEnativ
geni to-urinary jdsEnato'jura^nEri
geniture 'dssnitja'; ES -t/alr
genius 'dsinjas, 'spirit' + -ni3s |-'s -iz \pl
geniuses 'dsinjasiz, 'spirits' genii 'dsinijai
Gennesaret ga'nEsarit, dsa-
Genoa Italy 'djenawa, dsa'noa {It Geneva
'd3£:nova) ; US dsa'noa
Genoese jdsena'wiz
genotype 'dsenOjtaip
genotypic jdseno'tipik |-al -1 j-ally -li, -ikli
genre '3anr3 {Fr 5a:r)
genro 'gen'ro
gens dsenz \pl gentes ^dsentiz
Genseric 'djensarik, 'gen-
gent dsent
genteel dsenHil |-ly -'tilk, -'till
gentes pi of gens 'dstntiz
gentian 'dsenjan, -/lan
gentile, G- Msentail
gentilesse 'dsentj^es, ME 'dsenti^kssa
gentility dsen'tilati
gentle 'dsentl |-d -d j-ling -tlig, -tlig |-r -tla^;
ES -tl3(r; 1-st -tlist, -thst
gentlefolk Msentljfok j-s -s
gentleman 'dsentlman |-men -man j-ly -h
gentlewoman 'dsentljwuman, -jwu- [-men
-jWimin, -an — see woman
gently 'dsentli
gentrice 'dsentris
gentry 'dsentri
genuflect 'djenjujfkkt |-ed -id
genuflection, -flexion jdsEniujflEkJan
genuflexuous ^dsEnju'tlekJuas
genuine MjEnjuin |-ineness 'dsEnjuinnis
Genung dsi'nAg
gerent
genus 'd3in3s \pl genera 'dsEnara \less freq.
-es -iz
geocentric jdsio'sEntnk |-al -1 |-ally -Ii, -ikh
geochemistry jdsio'kEnustri
geode 'dsiod
geodesic jdsia'dEsik, -'dis- |-al -}
geodesist dsi'adasist; ES-i--'Dd-
geodesy dsi'adssi; ES+-'Dd-
geodetic jdsia'dEtik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
Geoffrey 'dsEfri
geographer dsi'agrafa^, -'og-; ES -faCr
geographic ^dsia'graefik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikb
geography dsi'agrafi, -'og-
geoid 'dsiaid |-al dsibidl
geologic jdsia'ladsik; ES-|--'lDd3-; [-al -I
l-ally -h, -ikh
geologist dsi'aladsist; ES-i--'d1-
geologize d3i'alajd3aiz; ES + -'d1-; \-s -iz
i-d-d
geology d3i'al3d3i; ES-h-'dI-
geomancer 'd3ia,maens»; ES -S3(r; |-cy -si
geometer dsi'amata^; ES -'amataCr, -'om-
geometric jd3i3'm£trik |-al -j !-ally -li, -ikh
geometrician jd3i3m3'trij"3n, d3ijani3-; ES +
-jom-
geometrize d3i'ain3jtraiz; ES + -'Dm-; |-s -iz
l-d -d
geometry d3ram3tri; ES-h-'om-
geomorphic jd3i3'in3rfik; ES -Waa-
geophysics ^dsio'fiziks
geopolitics jdsio'palatiks; ES + -'pd1-
geoponic jdsia'panik; ES-h-'ponik; |-al -1
George d33rd3; ES dsoads; |-'s -iz
Georgette d33r'd3Et; ES dsaa-
Georgia 'd33rd33, -d3i3; ES 'd333d3-; ]-n -n
Georgiana d33r'd3aen3, -d3i'aen3; ES d333-
georgic, G- 'd33rd3ik; ES 'd333-; |-al -1
geostatic jd3i3'st£etik [-s -s
geosyncline jd3io'sinklain |-nal -sin'klainl
geotectonic jdsiotEk'tanik; ES + -'tDn-
geo tropic jdsb'trapik; ES + -'trDpik
geotropism d3i'atr3jpiz3m; ES-F-'nt-
gerah 'gira, 'giro
Geraint d33Vent
Gerald 'd3Er3ld |-ine -jin, -in
geranium d33Veni3m, -njam
Gerard d33'rard; ES -'ra:d, E-f--'ra:d; Brit +
'd3Era:d, -rsd
gerent 'd3ir3nt
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret jyet JEt |sang saei) |angr\' 'aeo'g"
|bath baeG; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far [watch wat/, wntj" (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gDrd3 [go go
gerfalcon
183
gigolo
gerfalcon ^d^j^tiolkan, -^fakan; ES 'd33-,
'dsy-
Gergesenes 'gyga^sinz; ES 'gs-, 'gy-
Gerhard 'gyhard; ES 'gshard, 'gy-, E+-ha:d
Gerizim ga'raizim, 'gerazim
germ dsym; ES dssm, ds^m
german 'ds^man; ES 'dssm-, 'dsym-
German 'djyman; ES 'ds^m-, 'dsym-; |-ism
-jizsm 1-y -I
germander dsa^'maenda^; ES dsa'mfendaCr
germane ds^'men, dsa^-; ES dsa-, dsy-,
dsa-; |-maneness -'mennis
Germanic d33''maenik, d^d^-; ES dss-, dsy-,
d33-
germanium dsa^'meniam, -njam; ES dss-,
ds^-
Germantown 'dsyman^taun; ES 'dssm-,
'dsym-
germen 'dsymin, -an; ES 'dssm-, 'dsym-;
|-s -z |-mina -mina
germicide 'ds^maiSaid; ES 'dssm-, 'dsym-
germinal 'ds^manl; ES Mssm-, Msym-;
l-ly -I
germinant ^dss'manant; ES 'dsam-, 'dsym-
germinate 'dsyma^net; ES 'dssm-, ^dsym-;
|-d -id |-tive -IV
germination jd5yma'nej'an; ES jdsam-,
jdsym-
Gerontius dsaVantias; ES+-VDn-; |-'s -iz
Gerrard 'dsera^^d; ES 'dserad
Gerrold» 'dserald
Gerry 'gen
gerrymander 'gerijinaenda', 'dseri-; ES -da(r
Gertrude 'gytrud; ES 'gst-, 'gyt-
gerund 'dserand, -And |-ive dsa'rAndiv
Geryon 'dsirian, 'genan |-es dsiVaiajniz, ga-
gest, -e dsEst
Gestapo ga'stapo (Ger ga'/tapo)
gestate 'dsestet |-d -id |-tion dses'te/an
gesticulate dsEs'tikjaJet |-d -id
gesticulation jdsestikja'le/an, dsesjtik-
gesticulatory dsEs'tikjabjton, -itari; S -^tori
gestion 'dsestjan
gesture 'dsEst/a^; ES -tXa(r; |-d -d
get get \past got gat, arch, gat gaet \pptc got
gat or gotten 'gatn; ES+gDt(n) — in un-
stressed position often git (wi jk^ent git 'in)
get-at-able gHt'aetabl, git'aetabl
getaway 'getajwe
Gethsemane geG'sEmani
Gettysburg 'getiz^byg; ES -ibsg, -jbyg
getup 'getjAp
gewgaw 'gjuga, 'giu- |-ed -d |-ry -ri
geyser 'spring' 'gaiza^, 'gaisa^, water-heater
Brit 'giza^; ES -a(r
ghast arch, gaest j-ful -fal |-fully -fall
ghastly 'gaesth; E + 'gast-, 'gast-
ghat, ghaut gat
ghazi, G- 'gazi
ghee gi
Ghent Belg gent, O djent
gherkin 'gykin; ES 'gsk-, 'gyk-
ghetto 'geto
Ghibelline 'giblin, -jin
Ghoorka 'gurka; ES 'guaka
ghost gost |-ed -id |-ly -h
ghoul gul |-ish -i/
Ghurka 'gurka; ES 'guaka
ghyl 'ravine' gil
giant 'dsaiant |-ess -is | -esses -isiz
giaour d3aur; ES dsauaCr
gib, G- gib
gibber v 'jabber' 'dsiba', 'giba^; ES -ba(r; |-ed
-d 1-ing -bang, -brig |-ish -barij, -brij"
gibber n 'hump' 'giba^; ES 'giba(r
gibbet 'dsibit |-ed -id
gibbon, G- 'giban
gibbosity gi'basati; ES + -'bDS-; |-bous 'gibas
gib-cat 'Gilbert cat' 'gib/kaet
gibe dsaib [gibed djaibd
Gibeon 'gibian |-ites -^aits
giblet 'dsibht
Gibralter dsib'ralta'; ES -ta(r
Gibson 'gibsn
giddy 'gidi
Gideon 'gidian j-s -z |-ite -^ait
Gielgud 'gilgud
gier-eagle 'dsir^igl
gift gift I gifted 'giftid
gig gig 1 gigged gigd
gigantean jdsaigaen'tian |-tesque -^tesk
gigantic djai'gaentik j-ally -li, -ikli ('gi-
jgantic 'hound)
gigantism 'dsaigaenjtizam, dsai'gaentizam
gigantomachy jdsaigaen'tamaki; ES-t--'tDm-
giggle 'gigl 1-d -d I -ling 'giglig, 'giglig
giglet 'gight
gigolo 'djigajlo {Fr siga'lo)
|full ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fytJ*; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail jhow hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz jdish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
gigue
184
Glamis
gigue 3ig
Gila 'hib
gilbert, G- 'gilba^t; ES -bat
Gilbert and EUice Islands 'gilba^tn'ehs-
^ailsndz, -Isnz; ES -bat-
Gilbertian gil'bytian; ES -'bat-, -'byt-
Gilboa gil'boa
Gilchrist 'gilkrist
gild gild I gilded 'gildid or gilt gilt
Gilead 'giliad |-ites -^aits
Giles dsailz |-'s -iz
Gilfillan gil'fibn
gill 'quarter pint' dgil
Gill Jack 6= Gill dsil
gill 'ravine' gil
gill of a fish gil Igilled gild
Gillespie gi'lespi
Gillett, -e dsa'let, 'dsilit
Gillian 'dsiban, -Ijan
gillie, -y 'servant,' 'serve' 'gili |-d -d
Gilliss 'gilis |-'s -IZ
gill-less 'gilbs
gillyflower 'dsili^flaua^, -^flaur; ES -jflau-3(r,
-jflau3(r
gilt past &= pptc of gild gilt
gilt-edged 'gilt'edsd ('gilt-hedged 'book)
gimbals 'dsimblz, 'gim-
gimcrack 'dsinijkraek
gimlet 'gimlit |-ed -id
gimmal 'giml, 'dsiml |-ed -d
gimmick 'ginuk
gimp 'trimming' gimp |-ed -t
gin 'begin' gin \past gan gsen \pptc gun gAn
gin liquor djin
gin machine dsin [ginned dsind
Ginevra dsi'nevra
ginger 'd3ind33^; ES -d33(r; |-ly -h [-bread
-jbred |-snap -jsnaep
gingham 'gigam |-ed -d
gingival d3in'd3aivl, 'd3ind39vl
gingko, ginko 'gigko, 'dsigko
gink gigk
Ginn gin
ginseng, -sing 'dsinsEi), -sig
Giotto 'd3ato, 'd5Dto {It 'd33tto)
gip d3ip |-ped -t
gip 'cut fish' gip |-ped -t
gipon d5i'pan, 'd3ipan; ES+-Dn
gipsy 'd3ipsi
girafife dsa'raef; E+-'raf, -'raf
girandole 'dsiran^dol
Girard d33'rard; ES -'ra:d, E+-Va:d
gird 'encircle' gyd \past b° pptc girt gyt or
girded 'gydid; |ES -3-, -y-
gird 'sill' 'sneer' gyd; ES gsd, gyd; |-ed -id
girdle 'gydl; ES 'gsdl, 'gydl; |-d -d l-hng
-dlig, -dlig |-ler -dla^, -dja^; ES -db(r,
-djaCr
girl gyl, mu£h lessfreq. gerl; ES gal, gyl, geal;
|-hood -hud
Girondist dsa'randist; ES-h-'ron-
girt gyt; ES gst, gyt; |-ed -id
girth gye; ES gsO, gyB; |-ths -Gs |-ed -t
gisarme gi'zarm; ES -'za:m, E-t--'za:m
Gissing 'gisig
gist d3ist
gittern 'gita^n; ES 'gitan
give giv Igave gev [given 'givan
give-and-take 'givan'tek
giveaway 'giva^we
given 'givan
Giza 'giza |Gizeh 'gize
gizzard 'giza^d; ES 'gizad
glabrous 'glebras
glace glae'se {Fr gla'se)
glacial 'gle/al, -Jial |-ly -i
glaciate 'gle/ijct |-d -id
glacier 'gleJV; ES 'gleJaCr; Brit tmcally
'glaesia, 'glasja
glacis 'glesis, 'glaesis {Fr gla'si) |-es -iz
glad glaed | gladded 'glaedid
gladden, G- 'glaedp j-ed -d |-ing 'glaednig,
-dnig
glade gled
gladiator 'glaedijeta^; ES -jeta(r
gladiatorial ^glaedia 'tonal, -'tar-; S -'tor-
gladiola jglaedi'ob, gb'daiab \pl -s -z
gladiolus plant jgl^edi'obs \pl -es -iz |-li -lai
Gladiolus tlie genus gb'daiabs \pl -li -Jai
gladsome 'glaedsam
Gladstone 'glaed^ston, -stan — W. E. Glad-
stone pronounced his name 'glad^ston
{Wyld).
Gladys 'glaedis |-'s -iz
glair gler, glaer; E gka(r, ES glaea(r; |-ed -d
|-eous -las |-y -i
glaive glev Iglaived glevd
Glamis Scotl glamz, in Shak. 'glamis |-'s -iz
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) )rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg langr}' 'ag-gri
Ibath baeG; E baO (§10) |ah a [far far |watch watj", wot/ (§12) |jaw d3a [gorge gDrd3 [go go
Glamorganshire
185
Gloucester
Glamorganshire glaWargan^/ir, -/a^; ES
-'mD3g3njXia(r, -JaCr
glamorous 'glaemaras, ^glaemrss
glamour, -mor 'glaema'; ES 'glaem3(r
glance glaens; E+glans, glans; |-s -iz |-d -t
gland glaend
glanders 'glaenda^z; ES 'glaendaz
glandular 'glaendsala'; ES 'glaendsalaCr; |-lous
-bs
glandule 'glaendsul
glans glaenz \pl glandes ^glaendiz
Glansdale 'glaenzjdel, -dl
glare gkr, glaer; E gleaCr, ES glaeaCr; ]-d -d
Glarus Swtz 'glaras {,Fr Glaris gla'ris), Wis
'glaeras |-'s -iz
Glasgow 'glaesgo, 'glaez-, 'glaesko, 5n7+'gla-
glass glaes; E+glas, glas; |-es -iz |-ed -t
glassful 'glaesjful; E + 'glas-, 'glas-; |-s -z
glasshouse 'glaes^haus; E + 'glas-, 'glas-;
I -houses -jhauziz
glassmaker 'glaes^meka'; ES -^mekaCr, E +
'glas-, 'glas-
glassman 'glaesman; E + 'glas-, 'glas-; |-men
-man
glassware 'glaes jWef, -jwaer; E -^weaCr,
-jwae3(r, 'glas-, 'glas-; S 'glaes;waea(r
glasswork 'glaes jwyk; ES -jwsk, -^wyk,
E + 'glas-, 'glas-
Glastonbury 'glfestan^ben, 'glaesn-, -ban
Glaswegian glaes'widsan, -dsian
Glauber 'glauba^; ES 'glaub3(r
glaucoma gb'koms
glaucous, G- 'gbkas
glaze glez | glazes 'gleziz | glazed glezd
glazier 'glesa^; ES 'gle33(r
gleam glim |-ed -d
glean glin |-ed -d
glebe glib
glee gli |-ful -fal [-fully -fall I -man -man
I -men -man
glee V 'squint^ gli Igleed glid — see agley
gleet glit I glee ted 'glltid
glen glen
Glencairn glen'kern, -'kaern; E -'kean, ES
-'kaean
Glencoe US 'glenko, Scotl glen'ko
Glendower 'glendaua^, gkn'daua'; ES -a(r
Glengarry gkn'gaeri
gley V 'sq^dni' glai Igleyed glaid — see agley
glib glib Ighbbed ghbd
glide glaid |gUded 'glaidid |-r -a^; ES -a(r
glim gbm
glimmer 'ghma'; ES -a(r; |-ed -d [-ing 'glim-
arig, 'glimrig
glimpse glimps |-s -iz |-d -t
glint glint I glinted 'glintid
glissade gli'sad, -'sed |-d -id
glissando gli'sando \pl -di -di {pseitdo-It)
glisten 'glisn |-ed -d |-ing 'glisnig, -snig
glister 'glista^; ES -ta(r; |-ed -d |-ing 'glistarig,
'ghstrio
glitter 'glita^; ES -ta(r; |-ed -d
gloam glom |-ed -d |-ing -ig
gloat glot I gloated 'gbtid
global 'globl |-ly -i
globate 'globet |-d -id
globe glob I globed globd
globeflower 'glob^flaua^, -jflaur; ES -jflau-a(r,
-jflaua(r
globoid 'globoid
globose 'globes, glo'bos |-bous 'globas
globular 'glabjala^; ES 'glabjala(r, 'glob-
globule 'glabjul; ES + 'glnb-
globulin 'glabjalin; ES + 'glob-
Glocester 'glasta', 'gins-; ES -ta(r
glockenspiel 'glakan^spil; ES + 'glok-; {Ger
'gbkanjpi:!)
glomerate adj 'glamant, -mrit; ES+'glom-
glomerate v 'glama^ret; ES+'glom-; |-d -id
glomeration jglama'rejan; ES + jglom-
gloom glum I gloomed glumd |-y -i
Gloria 'gloria, 'gbr-; S 'gloria; [G- Patri
-'patri, -'petrai
Gloriana jglori'aena, ^gbr-, -'ena; S jglor-
glorification jglorafa'ke/an, jgbr-; S iglor-
glorify 'glorajfai, 'gbr-; S 'glor-; |-lied -^faid
I -her -jfaia^; ES -jfai>a(r
glorious 'glorias, 'gbr-; S 'glor-
glory 'glori, 'gbri; S 'glori; |-ried -rid
Glos. ahhr. for Gloucestershire glas, gins, gbs
gloss gbs, gins |-es -iz |-ed -t
glossary 'glasan, 'gins-, 'gbs-
Gloster Ga, La, Minn, Miss 'glasta^, 'glos-;
ES -ta(r
glottal 'glatl; ES+'gbtl
glottalize 'glatl^aiz; ES + 'glnt-; j-s -iz |-d -d
glottis 'glatis; ES + 'glot-; |-es -iz
Gloucester 'glasta^, 'glos-, 'gbs-; ES -ta(r; in
jfull ful |tooth tue [further 'fytSa-; ES 'fatJa [custom 'k\stam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision Visan [Eden 'idi^ [cradle 'kredj [keep 'em 'kipip
Glouster
186
godown
Engd loc. 'gbs- | -shire -i/ir, -/a^; ES -i/i3(r.
freq. gan — in unstressed position often gu
-/3(r
(jlets gu'in), or ga (jkts ga'daun)
Glouster 'glausta^; ES 'glaustaCr
goad god 1 goaded 'godid
glove glAV 1 gloved gUvd
go-ahead adj 'goa'hed ('gq-a'head jchap,
Gloversville 'glAva^z^vil; ES -vaz-
'go-ajhead 'spirit)
glow glo 1 glowed glod
go-ahead n 'goa^hed
glower 'glaua^; ES 'glau'3(r; [-ed -d |-ing
goal gol |-ed -d, children'' s game +gul
'glaurig, 'glauarig
goalkeeper 'goljkipa'; ES -^kipaCr
glowfly 'glojflai
goalless 'goUis
glowworm 'glojwym; ES -jwam, -jwym
goat got
gloxinia, G- glak^siiua, -nja; ES+glok-
goatee go'ti
gloze gloz Iglozes 'gloziz Iglozed glozd
goatherd 'got^hyd; ES -Jaad, -^ha-d
glucinum, -nium glu^samam, -'siniam, gliu-
goatsbeard 'gots^bird; ES -jbiad, S+'^bead
Gluck gluk
goatsucker 'gotjSAka'; ES -^sAka(r
glucose 'glukos, 'gku- ]-coside -ka^said
gob, G- gab; ES-f gob
glue glu, gliu |-d -d
gobbet 'gabit; ES + 'gobit
Glueck gluk
gobble 'gabl; ES + 'gobl; j-d -d [-ling -blig.
glum gUm
blio
glume glum, glium
gobbler 'gabla^; ES ^gabla(r, 'gnb-
glut gUt Iglutted 'gUtid
Gobbo 'gabo; ES+'gobo
gluten 'glutn, 'ghutn |-ous -as
GobeHn 'gabalin, 'gob-; ES+'gob-; (^Fr
glutinus ^glutinas, 'gliu-
ga'bl«)
glutton 'gUtn |-ous -as |-y -i
go-between 'gobajtwin
glyceric gli'serik, 'ghsarik
Gobi 'gobi, 'gobi
glycerin 'glisrin, -sarin |-ine -rm, -S3jrm
goblet 'gabht; ES-t-'gnb-
glycerol 'glisajtol, -^ral, -fv\
goblin 'gablin; ES + 'gnb-; In 'Little OrpJtant
glyceryl 'glisajril
Annie' Riley protioimced it 'gabajlm.
glycine 'glaisin, glai^sin
goby 'gobi
glycogen 'glaikadsan, -dsin
go-by 'gOjbai
glycol glaikol, -kal, -knl
gocart 'gOjkart; ES -jka:t, E-i--jka:t
glycoprotein jglaikaVrotiin
god gad, god
glyph ghf
God gad, god, less freq. gad
glyptic 'gliptik 1-al -1
Godalming 'gadlmig, 'god-
G-man 'dsi^maen |-men -jinen
godchild 'gadjtjaild, 'god-
Gnadenhutten 0, loc. dsi'nednjhAtn {Ger
goddaughter 'gadjdata', 'god-; ES -ta(r
-hiitten 'gnazdan^hytan)
goddess 'gadis, 'god- |-es -iz
gnarl narl; ES na:l, E-i-na:l; |-ed -d
godfather 'gad.fa'Sa^, 'god-; ES -,fatJa(r,
gnash naej | gnashes ^nae/iz [gnashed naej't
E+-,fa(Ja(r
gnat naet
god-fearing 'gadjfing, 'god-; S+-jferig,
gnaw na [gnawed nad ]-er 'naa'; ES ^na'a(r
-,f jirig, -^f jerig
gneiss nais
god-forsaken 'gadfa^'sekan, ^god-; ES -fa-;
gnome nom
Cgod-for^saken 'place)
gnomic 'nomik |-al -1 [-ally -li, -ikli
Godfrey 'gadfri, 'god-
gnomon 'noman, ^nomon
godhead 'gadhed, 'god- |-hood -bed
Gnossus ^nasas; ES + 'nos-; |-sus' -sas
Godiva go'daiva
gnostic ^nastik; ES + 'nos-; |-al -1 |-ally -li.
godlike 'gadjaik, 'god-
-ikli |-ism -ta,sizam
godly 'gadli, 'godb
gnu nu, niu, nju
godmother 'gadjOiAS*, 'god-; ES -jmA'Sa(r
go go [went went Igone gan, gnn, much less
godown 'a drink' 'go^daun
Key: See in fidl §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret [j'et jtt [sang saeg langrA' 'aeg-gri
Jbath baeO; E bae (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wo*/ (§12) |jaw d5a Igorge gards |go go
godown
187
Gorgonzola
godown 'warehouse' go'daun
godparent 'gadjperant, 'god-, -jpaer-, -jper-
godsend 'gad^send, 'god-
godson 'gadjSAn, 'god-
Godspeed 'gadjspid, 'god-, -'spid
Godward 'gadwa^d, 'god-; ES -wad
Goebbels Ger 'goebals
goer 'goa^; ES 'gO'3(r
Goethals 'goOslz |-'s -iz
Goethe 'geti, 'g3t3 (Ger 'g0:ta)
Goffe gaf, gof
goffer 'gafa^, 'gofa', 'gafa^; ES -faCr; |-ed -d
|-ing -fang, -frig
Gog gag, gog, gag
go-getter 'golgEta^; ES -'geta(r
goggle 'gagl, 'gog! 1-d -d |-ling -glig, -glig
goggles 'gaglz, 'gog-
Gogmagog 'gagmajgag, 'gogma^gog
Gogol 'gogal, 'gogol
Goidelic gai'debk
goiter, -tre 'gaita^; ES 'gaita(r; |-(e)d -d
Golconda gal'kanda ; ES -f gol'konda
gold gold, formerly guld
goldbeater 'gold^bita^; ES -jbita(r
golden 'goldn
goldenrod 'goldn ^rad; ES+-jrDd
goldfinch 'goldjfintj |-es -iz
goldfish 'goldjfij* |-es -iz j-'s -iz
goldilocks, G- 'goldijlaks; ES-h-Joks; |-'s -iz
gold-plate V 'gold'plet | -plated -'pletid
goldsmith, G- 'gold^smiG |-ths -6s
Goldwin, Gouldin 'goldwin, 'goldin
goK galf , golf, galf, much less freq. gaf, gof
|-ed -t
Golgotha 'galgaOa, 'gol-
goliard 'golja^d; ES 'goljad
GoHath ga'laiae
Gollancz 'galants, -aents; ES-i-'gol-; |-'s -iz
golliwog 'galijwag, -jwog; ES + 'gol-
golosh ga'la/; ES + -'loJ; \-es -iz
Gomorrah, -rrha ga'mara, -'mar-, -'mor-
gonad 'ganaed, 'gon-
gondola 'gandala, 'gon- |-ed -d
gondolier jganda'lir, ;gon-; ES -'lia(r, S+
-'l£3(r
gone gan, gon, miich less freq. gan
goneness 'gannis, 'gon-, much less freq. 'gan-
Goneril 'ganaral, 'gon-, -nl
gonfalon 'ganfalan, 'gon-
gonfalonier jganfala'nir, jgon-; ES -'nia(r,
S + -'n£a(r
gonfanon 'ganfanan, 'gon-
gong gag, gog, gag |-ed -d
gonococcus jgana'kakas \pl -cocci -'kaksai;
lES + jgona'kok-
gonof 'ganaf, 'gon-
gonorrhea ^gana'ria, jgon-
Gonzaga gan'zaga (It gon'dza:ga)
Gonzalo gan'zalo
goober 'guba^, 'guba^; ES -ba(r
good gud I goodly 'gudli
good-by, -bye gud'bai
good deal 'good bargain' 'gud'dil, 'much'
gu'dil
goodhearted 'gud'hartid; ES -'ha:tid, E +
-'lia:tid
good-humored 'gud'juma^d, -'hjuma'd; ES
-mad
goodman 'gudman |-men -man
good-natured 'gud'netja^d; ES -'net/ad;
Cgood-jnatured 'dog)
goodness 'gudnis |-es -iz
goods gudz
good-tempered 'gud'tempa^d; ES -Htmpad
goodwife 'gudjwaif — see wife
Goodwin 'gudwin
goody 'gudi
Goodyear 'gudsir, 'gudjir; ES -ia(r, S-i-
-ea(r
goof guf |-y -I
googly 'gugk
goon gun
Goop gup
goose gus j-'s -IZ Igeese gis [geese's 'gisiz
gooseberry 'gusjberi, 'guz-, -ban, rarely
'guz-
gooseherd 'guSihyd; ES -/hsd, -^hyd; for-
merly 'gaza'd, 'goz-
gooseneck 'gusjnEk |-ed -t
gopher 'gofa^; ES -fa(r; j-ed -d ]-ing ^gofarig,
'gofrig
Gordian 'gardian, -djan; ES 'gaad-
gore gor, gar; ES goa(r, E-i-gaa(r; |-d -d
gorge gards; ES gaads; j-s -iz |-d -d |-ous -as
gorget 'gardsit; ES 'gaadsit; |-ed -id
Gorgon 'gargan; ES 'gaagan
Gorgonian gar'gonian, -njan; ES ga-
Gorgonzola jgargan'zola; ES jgaagan-
|full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytJa-; ES 'faSa
(using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision
[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipip
Gorham
188
grammatical
Gorham 'garam, NH 'goram, ^garam
governance ^gAva^nans; ES 'gAvanans; |-s -iz
gorilla ga'rila
governess 'gAva^nis; ES 'gAvanis; |-es -iz
Gorky, -ki 'garki; ES 'goaki
government 'gAva^mant, 'gAvanmant; ES
gormand 'garmand; ES ^gasmsnd
'gAvamant, 'gAvanmant, 'gAvmant; No
gormandize 'garman^daiz; ES 'gDam-;
-S -IZ
competent observer can doubt the prevalence
l-d-d
of 'gAvanmant, 'gAvamant among the leading
gorse gars; ES gaas; |-s -iz
statesmen of US and England, even in formal
gory 'gori, 'gan; S 'gori
public address.
goshawk 'gasjhak, 'gns-
governor 'gAvana', ^gAvna', 'gAva^na^; ES
Goshen 'gojan
'gAvana(r, 'gAvna(r; — a for &■ in 'gAvana^
gosling ^gazlig, ^gnz-
shows dissimilation {§121).
gospel 'gaspl, 'gDS- |-ed -d
gowan 'gauan
gossamer 'gasama^; ES ^gasama(r, ^gos
Gowanda ga'wanda, go-, -'wonda
Gosse gas, gos, gas
Gower ME poet 'goa^, 'gaua'. Loud street
gossip 'gasap; ES + 'gos-; |-ed -t
'gaua^; ES 'go-a(r, 'gau-aCr
gossoon ga'sun; ES+go-
gown gaun |-ed -d
got gat; ES+gDt
grab graeb [grabbed graebd
Gotama 'gatama, ^got-
grabble 'graebl |-d -d |-ling 'graeblig, -blig
Goteborg 'jetajbarg or Gothenburg
gatn-
Gracchus 'graekas |-'s -iz \pl -chi 'graekai
jbyg; ES 'jeta^baag, 'gatn>3g, -jbyg.
'gDt-;
grace, G- gres |-'s -iz |-s -iz j-d -t
{Sw jflta'barj)
gracile 'graesl, -il
Goth gaO, gne, gaO 1-ths -Os
gracious 'gre/as
Gotham ^New York' ^gaOam, 'goeam, 'go8am.
grackle 'graekl
in Notts 'gatam, ^gotam, loc. 'gotam
gradate 'gredet |-d -id
Gothard 'gata^d; ES 'gatad, 'got-;
(Fr
gradation gre'de/an |-ed -d |-al -1 j-ally -li
ga'tarr)
grade gred [graded 'gredid
Gothic 'gaOik, 'gD0ik [-ism -GajSizam
Gradgrind, g- 'graedjgraind ]-ian -lan |-ism
Gotland 'gatland, 'got-
-jizam
gotten 'gain; ES + 'gotn
gradient 'grediant, -djant
Gotterdammerung Ger 'goetar^dEma/rur
1
gradual 'graedsual, -dsul |-ly -i, -dsak
Gotthard 'gata^d; ES ^gatad, 'got-
(Fr
graduate n, adj 'graedsuit, -jCt
ga'ta:r)
graduate v 'graedsu^et [-d -id
Gottland ^gatland, ^gnt-
graduation jgraedju'e/an
gouge gauds Igouges 'gaudsiz Igouged gaudsd
Gradus, g- 'gredas |-es -iz
— Brit +gud5
graft graeft; E+graft, graft; j-ed -id
Gough gaf , gnf, gaf
graham, G- 'gream
goulash 'gulaef, -laj |-es -iz
grail grel
Gouldin = Goldwin 'goldin
grain gren j-ed -d
Gouldsboro 'guldz,byo, -a; ES -jbar-, -
jbAr-,
grainery, -ary 'grenan, 'grenn — cf granarj'.
-jbs'- ; Me loc. 'gulzbra
Both grainery, -ary and granary date from
Gounod 'guno {Fr gu'no)
the 16c. In US 'grenan, 'grenn appears to
gourd gord, gard, gurd; E goad, gaad, guad;
prevail.
Sgoad
gram graem
gourmand 'gurmand; ES ^guamand
; (Fr
gramarye, -ry 'graeman
gur'ma)
gramercy gra'mysi; ES -'mssi, -'my si;
gourmet 'gurme; ES 'guame; (Fr gur^mE)
('Gramercy 'Park)
gout gaut
grammar 'graema^; ES 'graema(r
Gouverneur NY jgAva^'nur; ES jgAva^nua(r
grammarian gra'mErian, -'maer-, -'mer-
govern 'gAva^n; ES 'gAvan; |-ed -d
grammatical gra'maetikl |-ly -i, -ikli
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angr}- 'aeg-gn
|bath baeG; E ba6 (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watj, woij (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
gramme
189
gratitude
gramme graem
grandsire 'graen^sair, 'graend-; ES -^saiaCr
gramophone, G- 'graemajfon
grandson 'graen^sAn, 'graend-
Grampian 'graempian, -pjan 1-s -z
grandstand 'graen^staend, 'graend-
grampus ^graempas \-es -iz
Grand Teton 'graen'titn, 'graend-, -tan, -tnn
Granada gra'nada (Sp gra'natJa)
granduncle 'graend'Aokl
granary 'graenari — cf grainery. Granary
grange, G- grends \-s -iz
'graenari comes from Latin granarium;
Granicus gra'naikas |-'s -iz
grainery, -ary from English grain.
granite 'graemt j-tic gra'nitik, grae-
Granby 'graenbi; in Mass loc. 'graembi
granny 'graem
Gran Chaco 'gran'tjako
grant graent; E+ grant, grant; |-ed -id
grand graend, before some conss.+^xa {cf
Grant graent
'graend'lek with 'graen'vju)
grantee graen'ti; E+gran-, gran-
grandad 'graen^daed [-dy -i
grantor 'graent*, graen'tar; ES -ta(r, -'taa(r.
grandam 'graendam
E+gran-, gran-
grandame 'graendem, -dam
granular 'graenjala^; ES 'graenjalaCr
grandaunt 'graend'aent, miich less freq. -'ant;
granulate adj 'graenjalit
E -'ant, -Wt, -'aent
granulate v 'graenjajlet |-d -id
grandchild 'graen^tjaild, 'graend- [-ren -it/il-
granulation jgraenja'lejan
dran
granule 'graenjul
Grand Coulee 'graend'kuli, -'kuli
Granville 'graenvil
granddad 'graen^daed |-dy -i
grape grep
granddaughter 'graen^data', 'graend-; ES
grapefruit 'grep jf rut, -jfriut
-jdata(r
grapeshot 'grep^/at; ES+-i/i)t
grandee graen'di
grapevine 'grep^vain |-d -d
grandeur 'graendsa', -dsur; ES 'graendsafr.
graph graef; E+graf, graf; |-ed -t
-d3ua(r
graphic 'graef ik |-ly -li |-ally -li
grandfather 'graenjfa'Sa', 'graend-; ES -jfa?Sa(r,
graphite 'graef ait |-d -id
E + -jfa3a(r; |-ly -h
graphophone, G- 'graef a jf on
Grandgent 'graendsant
grapnel 'graepnal |-ed -d
grandiloquence graen'dilakwans |-ent -ant
grapple 'graepl |-d -d |-ling 'graeplig, -plig
grandiose 'graendi^os
Grasmere 'graesmir; ES -mia(r, E + 'gras-,
grandiosity jgraendi'asati; ES + -'Dsati
'gras-
Grandison 'graendasn
grasp graesp; E+ grasp, grasp; |-ed -t
grandma 'graenma, 'graemma, 'graema,
grass graes; E+gras, gras; |-es -iz |-ed -t
'graema, 'grandma
Grasse, de da'gras
grandmamma 'graen/mama, 'graend-, -ma,ma
grasshopper 'graes^hapa^; ES -jhapa(r, -jhDpa(r,
grandmother 'graen^mAcSa^, 'graend-; ES
E + 'gras-, 'gras-
-jmAtSaCr; ]-ly -h
Grassmann 'grasman
grandnephew 'graen'nef ju, 'graend-, muck less
grate gret [grated 'gretid
freq. -'nevju
grateful 'thankful' 'gretfal |-ly -i
grandniece 'graen'nis, 'graend- |-s -iz
grateful 'filled grate' 'grateful |-s -z
grandpa 'graenpa, 'graempa, 'graempa, 'graend-
Gratiano jgrae/i'ano, jgra/-, Brit igre/-
pa
gratification jgraetafa'ke/an
grandpapa 'graen,papa, -pa 'pa, 'graend-
gratify 'graeta^fai |-fied -jfaid
grandparent 'graen operant, 'graend-, -jpaer-.
gratin 'graet^ (Fr gra'tse)
-jper-; S -jpaer-, -/per-
grating 'gretirj
Grand Pre 'graen'pre, 'graend- {Fr gra'pre)
Gratiot 'grae/iat, 'gre-
Grandpre Shak. 'graenpre, 'graendp-; Fr vil.
gratis 'gretis
gra'pre
gratitude 'graeta^tjud, -jtrad, -jtud
|full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail jhow hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
G rattan
190
grey
Grattan 'graetn
Grecian 'gri/an
gratuitous gra'tjuatas, -'tiu-, -'tu- |-ty -ti
gree gri
gratulate 'graetjajlet, -t/u-
Greece gris ]-'s -iz
gravamen gra'vemen |-s -z |-mina -Vaemina
greed grid |-y -i |-ily 'gridli, -dih
grave grev \past graved grevd \pptc graven
Greek grik
'grevan or graved grevd
Greeley 'grili
gravel 'graevl |-ed -d |-ing 'grfevhg, -vhg
green grin | greened grind ]-ness 'grinnis
gravel-blind 'graevljblamd
Greenaway 'grina^we
graven 'grevan
greenback 'grin^baek
gravestone 'grevjSton
green-backed 'grin'baekt ('green-jbacked 'bird)
graveyard 'grevjard; ES -jard, E+-ja:d
greenbrier, G- 'grin^braia ; ES -jbrai'a(r
gravid 'graevid |-ity graVidati
greenery 'grinari, 'grinri
gravitate 'graevajtet \-d -id
green-eyed 'grin'aid ('green-^eyed 'Becky)
gravitation jgraeva'tejan
greengrocer 'grin,gros3^; ES -jgrosa(r; |-y -i.
gravity 'graevati
-sn
gravure 'grevjar, -jur; ES 'grevja(r, -jua(r
greenhorn 'grin^harn; ES -jhaan
-gravure -gra'vjur; ES -VjuaCr
greenhouse 'grin^haus |-s -jhauziz
gravy 'grevi
Greenland 'grinland
gray, G- gre
greensward 'grin^sward; ES -^swaad; |-ed -id
graybeard 'gre^bird; ES -jbiad, S+"-jbead
Greenville 'grinvil; S-i--vl
grayling 'grelio
Greenwich Engd 'grinidg, 'grtn-, -itj; US
graze grez | grazes 'greziz | grazed grezd
places usually 'grinwitj". How far 'gnnitj".
grazier 'gresa^; ES 'gresaCr
'gren- are traditional a^id prevalent for some
grease n gris | greases 'grisiz
Eastern places, or recent imitations of Brit
grease v gris, griz; S griz; |-s -iz |-d -grist,
is doubtful. 'grEiutJ appears to prevail for
grizd — 'grizi and ta griz are phonetically
Greenwich Village, NY.
normal; 'grisi and ta gris imitate the noun
greenwood, G- 'grin^wud
grease (gris).
greet grit | greeted 'gritid
greasewood 'grisjwud
Greet, William Cabell 'wiljam'kaebl'grit
greasy 'grisi, 'grizi; S 'grizi — Some distin-
gregarious gri'gerias, -'gaer-, -'ger-
guish 'grisi 'covered -with grease' from ^grizi
Gregorian gr£'gorian, -'gar-; S -'gorian
'slimy'.
Gregory 'gregari
great gret; S occas. gret, a historical ^orm, cj
gremial 'grimial
threat Gret; The pronunciation gret paral-
Gremio 'grimijO, 'grimjo
lels that of bread, deaf, sweat, thread, tread.
Grenada Miss gri'nada, Brit colony gri'neda
etc.
grenade gri'ned
great-aunt 'gret'aent, much less freq. -'ant; E
grenadier ^grena'dir; ES -'dia(r, S-f-'d£a(r
-'ant, -'ant, -'aent
grenadine ^grena'din, 'grena^din
Great Britain 'gret'britn, -tan
Grendel 'grendl
greatcoat 'gret^kot |-ed -id
Gresham 'grejam, 'gresam — 'gre/am is a
great deal 'important bargain' 'gret'dil,
sp. pron.
'large amount' 'gre'dil, 'gret'dil
Gretchen 'gretjin
greaten 'gretn |-ed -d |-ing 'gretnig, -tnig
Gretel 'gretl — see Hansel and Gretel
Greatheart 'gret.hart; ES -jha:t, E + -iha:t
Gretna 'gretna
greathearted 'gret'hartid; ES -'ha:tid, E +
Gretna Green 'gretna'grin
-'ha:tid
Greville 'gr£vl, -il
great-uncle 'gret'Agkl
grew past of grow gru, grra
greave griv |greaved grivd
grewsome 'grusam, 'gnu-
grebe grib
grey, G- gre
Key: See in full §§3-A7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angn,- 'aeg-gn
|bath baeO; E bad (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards Igo go
greyhound
191
gruel
greyhound 'gre^haund
grid grid |gridded 'gridid
griddle 'gridl |-d -d j-ling ^gndlig, -djig
griddlecake 'gridl^kek
gride graid | grided 'graidid
gridiron 'gridjaia^n, -jairn; ES -^ai-an, -jaian
grief grif
Grieg grig
Grierson 'grirsn; ES 'griasn
grievance 'grivans |-s -iz
grieve griv \-d -d 1-dly -idly ]-vous -as
griff grif
griffin 'grif in | griffon 'grif an
Griffith 'grifie
grifter 'grifta^; ES 'griftaCr
grig grig Igrigged grigd
grill, -e gril [grilled grild
grim grim
grimace gri'mes |-s -iz |-d -t
grimalkin gri'maelkin, -Wolkin, -'mokin
grime, G- graim | grimed graimd | grimy
'graimi
Grimm grim
grin grin | grinned grind
grind graind | ground graund
grindstone 'grainjstoh, 'graind-
gringo 'griggo
Grinnell gri'nel
grip grip [gripped gript
gripe graip | griped graipt
grippe grip
gripsack 'grip^saek
Griqualand 'grikwajaend, 'grikwa-
Griselda gri'zelda
grisly 'ghastly' 'grizli
grisly 'gristly' 'grisli, 'grisli v
grist grist
gristle 'grisl |-tly 'gnsli, 'grisli
gristmill 'grist ^mil
Griswold 'grizwald
grit grit [gritted 'gritid Igritty ^griti
grith griO |-ths -Gs
grits grits |-tten 'gritn
grizzle 'grizi |-d -d j-ling 'gnzlig, -zhg
grizzly 'grizli
groan gron [groaned grond
groat grot
grocer 'grosa^; ES 'gros3(r; |-y -i, -sri
Groesbeck 'grosbek
grog grag, grng, grag |-ged -d [-gery -an
l-gy -I
grogram 'gragram, 'grog-, 'grog-
groin grain [groined graind
grommet 'gramit; ES + 'grnmit
Groningen 'gronigan
groom grum, grum |-ed -d
groomsman 'grumzman, 'grumz- j-men -man
groove gruv [grooved gruvd
grope grop [groped gropt
grosbeak 'gros/bik
grosgrain 'grojgren j-ed -d
gross gros |-es -iz[-ed -t
grot coin grot \pl grote 'grota or groten 'grotan
grot 'grotto' grat; ES+grnt
grotesque gro'tesk |-rie -an, -skri
Grotius 'grojias \or De Groot da'grot [Gro-
tius's -IZ
Groton US places variously pron. 'gratn,
'grntn, 'gratn, 'grotn — in NEngd £f NY
usually 'gratn, 'grntn
grotto 'grato; ES + 'grnto
grouch grautj |-es -iz |-ed -t
ground graund |-ed -id j-ling -lig
ground-hog 'graund jhag, -jhag, -ihng; S
-jhag, -thag, -^ng
groundnut 'graund^nAt, 'graun^nAt
groundsel 'graunsl, 'graundsl
groundwork 'graund^wyk; ES -jwak, -^wyk
group grup [grouped grupt
grouse bird graus |i ^g -s -iz [-d -t
grousy 'having grouse' 'grauzi, -si
grout graut [grouted 'grautid
grove grov [groved grovd
grovel 'gravl, 'grAvI; ES+'grovl; J-ed -d |-mg
-vlig, -vlig — A shows the original vowel,
a being a sp. pron.
Grover 'grova^; ES 'grova(r
grow gro [grew gru, griu [grown gron
growl graul [growled grauld
grown gron
grown-up n 'gron^Ap
grown-up adj 'gron'Ap ('grown-^up 'boys)
growth groO |-ths -Gs
grub grAb [grubbed grAbd
grubstake 'grAbjStek [-staked -jStekt
grudge grAdj [grudges 'grAdsiz [grudged
grAdsd
gruel 'grual, 'griual [-ed -d
[full ful [tooth tue [further 'fySa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
gruesome 192
gruesome 'grusam, 'griu-
grufE grAf
grumble 'grAmbl |-d -d |-ling 'grAmblig,
-blig
Grumio 'grumijO, 'grumjo
grumpy 'grAmpi
Grundy 'grAndi |-ism -/izam |-dyist -ist
grunt gfAnt | grunted 'grAntid
Gruyere gru'jer, gri'jer; ES -'je3(r; {Fr
gry'je:r)
gryphon 'grifan
Guadalquivir jgwadrkwiv*, jgwod-; ES
-V3(r; {Sp jgwatJalki'liir)
Guadalupe Tex 'gadl^up, jgadl'up, jgwadj'up,
igwod- {Sp jgwatSa'lupe)
Guadalupe Hidalgo Mex ,gwadl'up'hi'daelgo,
jgwod- {Sp jgwaSaUupe-i'tJalgo)
Guadeloupe WI jgadj'up, ^gwad-, jgwnd-
Guam gwam, gwnm
guanine 'gwanin, 'gwon-
guano 'gwano, 'gwono
guarantee jgaeran'ti |-d -d
guarantor 'garanta', -tar, in contrast -'tar; ES
-t3(r, -t33(r, -'t33(r
guaranty 'gaeranti |-tied -tid
guard gard; ES ga:d, E+ga:d; |-ed -id
guardhouse 'gard^haus |-houses -jhauziz; ES
see guard
guardian 'gardian; ES see guard
guardroom 'gard,rum, -,rum; ES see guard
guardsman 'gardzman |-men -man; ES see
guard
Guatemala ^gwata mala, jgwnt-, older igata-
^mala |-n -n
guava 'gwava, 'gwova
Guayaquil jgwaia'kil {Sp jgwaja'kil)
gubernatorial jgjub^na'torial, igiu-, -'tar-;
ES -bana-, S -'tor-
gudgeon 'gAdsan |-ed -d
Gudrun 'gudrun
guelder-rose 'gelda^^roz; ES 'gelda-
Guelph gwelf
guerdon 'gydn; ES 'gsdn, 'gydn j-ed -d
|-ing -dnig, -dnig
Guernsey, g- 'ga^nzi; ES 'gsnzi, 'gynzi
guerrilla, gueri- ga'rila
guess g£s I guesses 'gesiz | guessed gsst
guesswork 'ges^ws^k; ES -^wsk, -jwyk
guest g£st Iguested 'gestid
gun
guffaw gA'fa, ga'fa |-ed -d
Guiana gi'asna, gi'ana {Sp 'gjana)
guidance 'gaidns |-s -iz
guide gaid | guided 'gaidid
Guiderius gwi'dirias, -rjas |-'s -iz
guidon 'gaidn
guild gild
Guildenstern 'gildn^styn; ES -^stsn, -^styn
guilder 'gilda^; ES 'gilda(r
Guildford 'gilfa^d; ES 'gilfad
guildhall, G- 'gild'hal— c/ ylw 'town 'hall
guile gail |-ful -fal | -fully -fall [-less 'gailhs
Guilford 'gilfa-d; ES 'gilfad
guillemot 'gila^mat; ES + -jmDt
guillotine n 'gila^tin
guillotine v jgila'tin, 'gilajtin |-d -d
guilt gilt |-y -I |-ily 'giltab, -tib
guimpe 'chemisette^ gaemp, gimp {Fr g^:p)
Guinea, g- 'gini
Guinevere, -ver 'gwina^vir, -va^; ES -jViaCr,
-va(r
Guiney 'gaini
guise gaiz [guises 'gaiziz [guised gaizd
guitar gi'tar; ES -'ta:(r, E + -'ta:(r
Guiterman 'gita^man; ES 'gita-
gulch gAlt/ I gulches 'gAltJiz |gulched gAlt/t
gulden 'guldan
gules gjulz, giulz
gulf gAlf I gulfed gAlft
gulfweed 'gAlf^wid
gull gAl Igulled gAld
Gullah 'gAla
gullet 'gAlit |-ed -id
gullibility ^gAla'bilati
gullible 'gAlabl |-bly -bh
Gulliver 'gAlava^; ES 'gAlava(r
gully 'gAb I gullied 'gAbd
gulp gAlp I gulped gAlpt
gum gAm Igummed gAmd
gum arable jgAm'aerabik, now rare ^gAma-
'rebik
gumbo 'gAmbo
gumdrop 'gAm^drap; ES-h-jdrup
gumption 'gAmpJan |-tious -Jas
gums 'alveoli' gAmz, jnuch less frcq. gumz,
gumz
gumshoe 'gAm'/u, 'gAm^/u
gumwood 'gAm^wud
gun gAn Igunned gAnd
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret Iji-et jst |sang saeg ]angry 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watj, wntj (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards |go go
gunboat 193
gunboat 'gAn^bot
guncotton 'gAnjkatn; ES+-jkDtn
gunfire 'gAn^fair; ES -jfai3(r
gunman 'gAn^maen, -man |-men -jmen, -man
Gunnar 'gunar. Am pers. name 'gAna^; ES
-a:(r, -3(r
gunnel 'gAnl
gunner 'gAna^; ES 'gAn3(r; |-y -i
gunny 'gAni
gunpowder, G- 'gAHjpauda'; ES -jpaud3(r
gunrunning 'gAn^rAnig
gunshot 'gAn/Jat; ES+'j/ot
gunwale 'gAnl
gurge gyds; ES gsds, gs^ds; \-s -iz 1-d -d
gurgitation jgyd33'te/an; ES jgsds-, jgyds-
gurgle 'gygl; ES 'gsgl, 'gygl; |-d -d j-ling
-ghg, -glig
Gurkha 'gurka; ES 'guaka
gurnard 'gyna'd; ES 'ganad, 'gynad
Gurney, -nee 'gym; ES 'gsni, 'gym
gush gAj I gushes 'gAjiz | gushed gA/t
gusset 'gAsit Igusseted 'gAsitid
gust gAst I gusty 'gASti
gustation gAs'te/an
gustatory 'gAstajtori, -jtari; S -jtori
Gustavus gAs'tevas |-'s -iz
gusto 'gAsto
gut gAt I gutted 'gAtid
Gutenberg 'gutn^byg; ES -ibsg, -jbyg; {Ger
'gurtanjberk)
Guthrie 'gAOri
Guthrun 'gutSrun
gutta 'gAta
gutta-percha 'gAta'pytJa; ES -'pstja, -'pyt Ja
Guttenberg US 'gAtn^byg; ES -ibag, -jbyg
gutter 'gAta'; ES 'gAta(r; |-ed -d
guttersnipe 'gAta^^snaip; ES 'gAta-
habitant
guttural 'gAtaral |-ly -i
guy gai I guyed gaid
Guyandot 'gaian^dat; ES+'idnt
guzzle 'gAzl |-d -d [-ling 'gAzjig, 'gAzlig
Gwendolen, -ine, -yn 'gwendjin
Gwinnett gwi'net
gybe dsaib |-d -d
gymnasium dsim'neziam, -zjam |-s -z |-sia
-zia
gymnast Msimnaest
gymnastic dsim'naestik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikh
gynae- see gyne-
gynarchy 'dsainarki; ES -a:ki, E + -a:ki
gynecologic jdsaimka'ladsik, jgain-; ES +
-'lDd5-; l-al -1
gynecologist jdsaini'kaladsist, ^gaim-; ES +
-'knl-
gynecology jdsaim'kaladji, ^gaini-; ES +
-'kol-; — One form is as 'correct' as the
other. The first is more Englished.
gyp dsip I gypped dsipt
g)T)sum 'dsipsam
gypsy 'dsipsi
gyral 'dsairal |-ly -i
gyrate 'dsairet j-d -id j-tion dsai 're/an
gyrator dsai'reta', 'dsaireta^; ES -ta(r
gyratory 'dsairajtori, -jtari; S -^tori
gyre dsair; ES dsaiaCr; |-d -d
gyrfalcon 'dsy^falkan, -jfakan; ES 'djs-,
'dsy-
gyro 'dsairo
gyrocompass 'dsairojkAmpas |-es -iz
gyroscope 'dsaira^skop
gyroscopic jdsaira'skapik; ES+-'skDp-; [-ally
-h, -ikli
gyrostatic jdsaira'staetik [-ally -li, -ikk
gyve dsaiv | gyved dsaivd
H, h letter etf \pl H's, Hs, poss H's 'et/iz
ha intj, n ha \pl has, ha's haz
ha V ha |haes haz |haed had |haing 'ha-ig
Haarlem 'harlam; ES 'ha:lam, E-i-'ha:lam
Habakkuk ha'baskak, 'haeba^kAk
Habana 'Havana' Sp a'(5ana
habeas corpus 'hebias'karpas; ES -'kaapas
H
haberdasher 'haeba'^dae/a'; ES 'haebajdaeja(r;
|-y -I, -Jri
habergeon 'haeba^dsan; ES 'haebadsan
habiliment ha'bilamant
habilitate ha'bila^tet |-tated -jtetid
habit 'haebit |-ed -id |-able -abl |-bly -bb
habitant 'haebatant
|full ful |tooth tuG Ifurther 'fytJa^; ES 'fsSa |custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau |toy tai
|using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dif |vision 'vijan |Eden 'idn [cradle 'kred} [keep 'em 'kipm
habitat
194
half-tone
habitat 'haebajtaet |-tation jhaeba'te/an
hail hel [hailed beld |hailstone 'bel/Ston
habitual ha'bit/ual, -t/ul |-ly -i
Haile Selassie 'baibsa'lasi, -sa'laesi
habituate ha'bit/uict |-ated -jctid
hailstorm 'bel^starm; ES 'beljstaam
habitude 'haeba^tjud, -jtiud, -jtud
hair her, baer; E bea(r, ES baea(r ; |-ed -d |-y -i
habitue ha'bit/uje, ha.bit/u'e (i^r abi'tqe)
hairbreadth 'berjbrede, 'baer-; ES see hair
Habsburg 'haepsbyg; ES -bsg, -ba^g; {Ger
hairbrush 'bEr,brAj, 'baer-; ES see hair
'harpsburk) — see Hapsburg
haircloth 'berjkbe, 'baer-, -jklnB; ES see hair;
hacienda jhasi'enda {Sp a'sjenda)
pi see cloth
hack bask | hacked haekt
haircut 'ber jkAt, 'baer- ; ES see hair
hackamore 'haekajmor, -jinar; ES -^moaCr,
hair-do 'berjdu, 'baer-; ES see hair
E+-jm33(r
hairdresser 'ber^drEsa^, 'baer-; ES -a(r, see
hackberry 'haek^beri, -ban
hair
hackbut 'haekbAt — see hagbut
hairline 'berjlam, 'baer-; ES see hair
hackle 'haekl |-d -d |-ling ^sekhg, %aeklig
hair's-breadth 'berz'bredO, 'baerz-, -jbredG;
hackman 'haekman, -jmaen [hackmen 'haek-
E 'beaz-, ES 'basaz-
man, -jmen
hairsplitter 'ber^spbta^, 'baer-; ES -iSphta(r,
hackney 'haekni | hackneyed 'haeknid
see hair
had stressed 'haed, jbaed; Mwsi?". had, bed, ad.
hairspring 'ber^spng, 'baer-; ES see hair
Ed, id I'd d
Haiti 'heti |Haitian 'hetian
Haddington ^haedigtan
hake bek
haddock 'haedak
Hakluyt 'baeklut, 'baeklait, 'baekkt
Hades 'hediz | Hades' 'bediz
halation be'le/an, bae'lejan
hadj haeds |hadjes 'baedsiz |hadji 'baedsi
halberd 'baelba^d; ES 'bselbad; [-rt -t— for-
hadn't 'haednt, before some conss. + ^hxdn
merly 'balb-, 'bab-, spelt haubert, holberd
('baedn 'sinim)
halcyon 'baelsian
Hadrian 'hedrian
Haldane 'balden
hadst stressed 'baedst, jbaedst; unstr. hadst,
hale bel |haled beld
adst, dst
half baef ; E baf, baef, haf ; |-'s -s |-lves -vz
haem- see hem-
half-and-half 'baefn'baf ; E see half
haemo- see hemo-
halfback 'baef^baek; E see half
Haensel 'bensl = Hansel
half-baked 'baef 'bekt; E^ee half; ('half-^baked
haft haeft |hafted 'baeftid
'scheme)
hag baeg
half-blooded 'bafbUdid; E see half; ('haK-
Hagar 'bega', 'begar; ES 'bega(r, 'hega:(r
iblooded 'Indian)
hagbut 'baegbAt
half-breed 'baef^brid; E see half
Hagen 'bagan
half-caste 'baef^kaest; E+'baf^kast, 'baf^kast
Hagerstown 'bega^Zjlaun; ES 'hegaz-
half -full 'baf'ful; E see half
haggada ba^gada, -da \pl haggadoth ha^gadoO
halfhearted 'baef'bartid; ES -'ba:tid, E+
Haggai 'haegijai, 'haegai
-'bartid — see half; ('half-hearted 'effort)
haggard, H- 'baeg^d; ES 'baegad
half-hour 'baef'aur; ES -'aua(r, E see half
haggis 'baegis |-es -iz
half-length 'baef'kgke, -'kge; E sec half
haggle 'baegl |-d -d j-ling 'baeglig, 'baegbg
half-mast 'baef'maest; E -i- 'baf 'mast, 'baf-
hagiography jbaegi'agrah, jhedsi-, -'ng-
'mast
hagiolatry jbaegi'alatn, jbedsi-; ES + -'d1-
half-moon 'baef'mun; E see half
hagiology jbaegi'aladsi, jbedsi-; ES+-'d1-
halfpenny Brit 'bepm, 'bepani \pl halfpence
Hague beg
'bepans, halfpennies 'hepniz, 'bepaniz
Hahnemann ^banaman (Ger 'ba:naiman)
half-timbered 'baef 'timba^d ; ES -'timbad, E
Haidarabad ^baidara^baed, jbaidara^bad
see half
haikwan 'bai'kwan
half-tone 'baef^ton; E see half
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg [angry 'aeg-gn
|bath baeG; E baB (§10) |ah a |far far [watch wat/, -wniS (§12) jjaw dsa [gorge g3rd3 [go go
half-truth
195
handful
half-truth 'haefjtrue; E see half
Hamburg 'haembyg; ES 'haembag, -byg;
halfway 'haef'we; E see half; ('halfjway 'up)
{Ger 'hamburk)
half-witted 'haef'witid; E see half
hamburger 'haembyga^; ES 'haeinb3ga(r,
Haliburton 'haelajbs^tn; ES -ibstn, -
jbytn
-byga(r
hahbut 'haebbat, 'habbat; ES + 'hol
-
hame hem
Halicarnassus /haelikar'naesas ; ES
-ka:'n-;
Hamilcar ba'milkar, 'haemj-; ES -ka:(r.
|-SUS' -S3S
E+-ka:(r
halide 'haelaid, ^belaid
Hamilton 'haemltan jHamiltonian jhaemj-
halidom 'haehdam |halidome 'haelijdom
'toman
Halifax 'haelajfaeks [Halifax's 'haela^faeksiz
Hamite 'baemait |-tic baem'itik, ha'mitik
Haligonian jhaela'gonian, jhaeh-
hamlet, H- 'haembt
halitosis jhaela'tosis
hammer 'haema^; ES 'haema(r; j-ed -d |-ing
HaHver 'haebva', 'hae^liva'; ES -va(r
'haemariij, 'haemrii)
hall, H- hal
hammerhead 'haema^jbed; ES 'baemajbed;
Hallam 'hsebm
|-ed -id
Halle Am name 'haeh; Ger city 'hala
hammock 'baemak
Halleck 'h«hk, 'hsbk
Hammurabi jhama'rabi, jhamu'rabi
hallelujah, -iah jhsebluja, -'huja
Hampden 'baempdan, 'baemdan
Halley 'h«h
hamper 'haempa^; ES 'haempa(r; |-ed -d |-ing
Halliburton 'haebjbytn; ES -ibstn, -
jbytn
'baemparig, ^baemprig
Halliday 'haebjde
Hampshire 'baemp/ir, 'baempja^; ES -/laCr,
Halliwell 'haeb^wel, 'haebwal
-Xa(r
hallmark 'hallmark; ES 'hDl^ma
k, E +
Hampstead 'baempsted, 'baempstid
-;ma:k; |-ed -t
Hampton 'baemptan
hallo, -loa ha'lo
hamstring 'hfem^strig [-strung -jStrAg or
halloo haUu [hallooed hsUud
-stringed -,strigd
hallow 'haelo, -a J-ed -d, worship '
laebwid
Hamsun, Knut 'knut'baemsan, -'bamsun
|-ing 'haebwig
Hamtramck Mich baem'traemik
Halloween jbaelo'in, jhab'in ('Hallowjcen
Han ban
'joke)
hanaper 'baenapa^; ES 'baenapa(r
Hallowmas 'haelojinaes, -mas |-es -iz
Hancock 'haenkak; ES + 'baenkok
hallucinate ha'lusrijet, -'bu- |-d -id
hand baend [handed 'haendid
hallucination hajlusn'e/an, -jhu-
handbag 'baend^baeg, 'baen^baeg
hallucinatory hs'lusna^tori, -'bu-.
■jtari; S
handball 'baend^bal, 'baen/bal
-(ton
handbarrow 'baend^baero, 'baen,baero, -a
hallway 'hal^we
handbill 'basndjbil, 'baen,bil
halo 'helo | haloed 'helod
handbook 'baendjbuk, 'baen^buk
halogen 'baebdsan, -d3in
handbreadth 'baend^brEde, 'baeiijbrEde |-ths
haloid 'haebid, 'hebid
-es
Halpin, -ine 'haelpm
handcar 'baend^kar, 'baen-; ES -ika:(r, E +
Hals, Frans 'frans'hals, 'fraens'haels
l-'s -IZ
-jka:(r
Halstead 'hoisted, 'halstid, 'bael-
handcart 'baend jkart, 'baen-; ES -jkait.
halt halt [halted 'haltid
E+-,ka:t
halter 'halta-; ES 'haltaCr
Handcock 'baenkak; ES + -kDk
halve haev; E hav, haev, hav |-d -d
handcuff 'baendjkAf, 'haen^kAf [-cuffed -jkAft
halyard 'haelja'd; ES 'haeljad
Handel 'baendl {Ger Handel 'bEndal)
ham, H- baem
HandeHan baen'dihan, -'diljan
hamadryad jhaema'draiad, -'draiaed
handfast 'baend^fiest, 'baen-; E-i--jfast, -jfast
Haman 'heman
handful 'baend ,ful, 'baen^ful [-s -z
[full ful [tooth tu6 [further 'fytSa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while bwail [how bau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan jEden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
handgrip
196
hardheaded
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m)
handgrip 'hsend^grip, 'haen^grip
Hanover 'haenova'; ES 'haenovaCr; {Ger Han-
handicap 'haendijkaep |handicapped 'haendi-
nover ha'no:var, loc. ha'norfar)
(kaept
Hanoverian ,haeno'vinan
handicraft 'haendi^kraeft; E+-;kraft, -^kraft
Hans haens, -z {Ger hans)
handicraftsman 'haendijkraeftsman; E +
Hansard 'haensa'd, 'haensord; ES 'hansad,
-jkrafts-, -jkrafts-; |-men -man
-sa:d
handiwork 'haendi^wyk; ES -jwsk, -jW^k
hanse haens |hanses 'haensiz
handkerchief 'haegka^t/if, -itjif; ES -ka-; |-s
Hanseatic ,haensi'aetik, ,haenzi'aetik
-t/ivz, -tfifs, -itjivz, -it/ifs
hansel 'haensl hanseled 'haensld
hand-knit 'haend'nit, 'haen'nit |-ted -id
Hansel and Gretel 'henslan'gretj
handle 'haend| |-d -d |-Hng 'haendhg, -dlig
hansom 'haensam
handleless 'haend}hs.
Hants short for Hampshire haents
handmade 'haend'med, %aen- ('handimade
hap haep ] happed haept | haply 'haepli
'shoe)
haphazard /haep'haeza^d; ES -'haezad
handmaid 'haend^med, 'haen- |-en -^med^
haploid 'haeplaid |-loidic haep'laidik
hand-me-down 'haenmi^daun
haplosis haep'losis
handout 'haend^aut
happen 'haepan, -pm |-ed -d |-ing -panig,
handrail 'haend^rel
-pnig
handsaw 'haend^sa, 'haen-
happy 'haepi |-pily -pli, -pili
handsel 'hiensl |-ed -d
happy-go-lucky 'haepi,go'lAki
handset 'haend'set, 'haen- ('hand^set 'type)
Hapsburg 'haepsbyg; ES -bag, -byg; {Ger
handsome 'haensam
'ha:psburk)
handspike 'haenjspaik, 'haend-
hara-kiri 'hara'kiri, 'haera-
handspring 'haen^sprii), 'haend-
harangue ha'raeg |-d -d |-guing -'ragig
hand-to-mouth 'haendta'mauG, 'haentta-
harass 'haeras, ha'raes; S + 'haens; |-es -iz
handwork 'haend^wyk; ES -jwsk, -,wyk
|-ed -t — The pronunciation ha'raes instead
handwriting 'haend^raitig
of the older 'haeras appears to be on the in-
handy 'haendi
crease.
hang haeg |hung hAg or hanged haegd |-ing
Harbin 'har'bin; ES 'har'bin
'haegig
harbinger 'harbindsa^; ES 'ha:bmd3a(r;
hangar 'haega', 'haeggar; ES 'haegaCr, 'haeg-
l-ed -d
ga:(r
harbor 'harba^; ES 'ha:ba(r; |-ed -d |-ing
Hangchow 'hajg't/au (CJiin 'xag'dso)
-bang, -bng |-age -bands, -brids
hangdog 'haeg, dag, 'haeg, dog
Harcourt 'harkort, -kart, -ka^t; ES -koat.
hanger 'haega^; ES 'haeg3(r
-kat, E+-kaat
hanger-on 'haega^'an, -'on, -'an
hard hard; ES ha:d
hangers-on 'haega^z'an, -'on, -'an; ES 'haegaz-
hard-bitted 'hard'bitid; ES 'ha:d-; ('hard-
hangman 'haegman [hangmen 'haegman
jbitted 'horse)
hangnail 'haeg,nel
hard-bitten 'hard'bitn; ES 'ha:d-
hank haegk |hanked haegkt
hard-boiled 'hard'baild; ES 'ha:d-
hanker 'haegka^; ES 'haegka(r; |-ed -d |-ing
harden 'hardn; ES 'ha:dn; |-ed -d |-ing
'haegkarig, 'haegkrig
-dnig, -dnig
Hankow 'haen'kau, 'haeg'kau {Chinese 'xan-
hard-featured 'hard'fit/a^d; ES 'haid'fitjad
'ko)
hard-fisted 'hard'fistid; ES 'ha:d-
hanky-panky 'haegki'paegki
hardhack 'hard^hsk; ES 'ha:d,haek
Hanley 'haenli
hardhanded 'hard'haendid; ES 'ha:d-
Hannah 'haena
hardhead 'hardjhcd; ES 'ha:d-
Hannibal 'haenabl
hardheaded 'hard'hedid; ES 'hard-
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E ba6 (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wat/, wotj (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards |go go
hardhearted
197
hasty
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m)
Words below that have ae before r (carry 'kaeri) are often pronounced in N with e ('ken, §94)
hardhearted 'hard'hartid; ES 'ha:d'ha:tid
hardihood 'hardi^hud; ES 'ha:di-
hardly 'hardh; ES 'ha:dli
hardmouthed 'hard'mau'Sd, -9t; ES %a:d-;
('hardimouthed 'horse)
hardpan 'hard;paen; ES 'hard-
hard-shell 'hardjEl; ES 'hard-; |-ed -d
hardship 'hardjip; ES 'hard-
hardtack 'hardjtaek; ES 'hard-
hardware 'hardjWEr, -jwaer; E 'hard^weaCr,
ES -jwaeaCr
hardwood 'hardjwud; ES 'hard-
hardy, H- 'hardi; ES 'hardi; |-dily -dli, -dili
hare her, haer; E heaCr, ES hae3(r; |-d -d
harebell 'her^bel, 'hter-; ES see hare
harebrained 'her'brend, 'haer-; ES see hare
harelip 'hEr'hp, 'haer-, -jhp; ES see hare
harelipped 'het'lipt, 'haer-; ES see hare;
('harejlipped 'boy)
harem 'heram, 'haer-, 'her-; S 'haeram, 'her-
Harfleur 'harfly; ES 'harfbcr, 'harfls^; (Fr
ar'flcErr) — in Shak Harflew 'harflu, -fhu;
ES 'harf-
haricot 'haeri^ko j-coed -,kod
hark hark; ES hark; j-ed -t
harken 'harkan; ES 'hark-; [-ed -d |-ing
-kanig, -knit)
Harleian 'harlian, har'lian; ES 'harl-, har'l-
Harlem 'harlam; ES 'harlam
harlequin, H- 'harlakwin, -km; ES 'harl-
harlequinade ^harlakwin'ed, -kin-; ES jharl-
Harley 'harh; ES 'hark
harlot 'harlat; ES 'harbt; |-ry -ri
harm harm; ES harm; |-ed -d |-ful -fal |-fully
-fall
harmonic har'manik; ES har'manik, -'mon-;
|-a -a l-ally -li, -ikh
harmonious har'monias; ES ha'mon-; |-nium
-mam
harmonize 'harmajnaiz; ES 'harm-; [-s -iz
l-d-d
harmony 'harmani; ES 'harm-; |-nied -nid
harness 'harms; ES 'harms; |-es -iz |-ed -t
Harold 'haerald
harp harp; ES harp; |-ed -t
harpoon har'pun; ES har'pun; [-ed -d
harpsichord 'harpsi/kard; ES 'harpsijkaad
Harpy 'harpi; ES 'harpi
harquebus 'harkwibas; ES 'harkwibas; |-es
-IZ
harquebusier jharkwibas'ir; ES jharkwibas-
'ia(r, S+-'£a(r
harridan 'haeradan
harrier 'haena^; ES 'haeri-a(r
Harriet 'hasriat, 'haeriit
Harrison 'haerasn
Harrisburg 'haeriSibyg; ES -/bsg, -^byg
harrow, H- 'haero, -a |-ed -d |-ing 'haerawig
harry, H- 'haeri | harried 'haerid
harsh harj; ES bar/
hart hart; ES hart
Harte hart; ES hart
hartebeest 'harta^bist; ES 'harta^bist
Hartford 'hartfa-d; ES 'hartfad
hartshorn 'harts jharn; ES 'harts jbaan
Harum 'hsram, 'haeram; S 'haeram
harum-scarum 'heram'skeram, 'haeram-
'skaeram; S 'haeram'skaeram; ('harum-
-scarum 'manners)
Harun-al-Raschid 'haerunael'raejid, ha'run-
jarra'Jid
haruspex ha'rAspeks, 'haeras- |-pexes -^peksiz
|haruspices ha'rAspi,siz
Harvard 'harvard; ES 'harvad
harvest 'harvist, -vast; ES 'harvist; |-ed -id
Harvey 'harvi; ES 'harvi
Harwich Engd 'haerids, 'haeritj; Mass 'har-
wit/; ES 'harwitj; |-'s -iz
Harz harts ; ES harts
has stressed 'haez, ^haez; unstr. haz, az |'s z, s
has-been 'haez, bin
Hasbrouck 'haezbruk
Hasdrubal 'haezdrubl, 'haezdrujbael
hash haej [hashes 'hae/iz [hashed haejt
hashish, -eesh 'haejij
hasn't 'haeznt, bef. some com55. + 'haezn ('hazn
'gan)
hasp haesp; E-i-hasp, hasp; |-ed -t
hassock 'haesak |-ed -t
hast stressed 'haest, jhaest; unstr. hast, ast, st
haste best | hasted 'hestid
hasten 'hesn |-ed -d |-ing 'hesnig, 'hesmg
Hastings 'hestigz |-'s -iz
hasty 'hesti [hastily 'hestli, -tili
|full ful [tooth tu9 [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fstSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
hat
198
headgear
hat haet |hatted 'haetid
Havre de Grace 'haeva'da'graBs, -'gres;
ES
hatband 'haetjbaend
'baeva-
hatbox 'haetjbaks; ES+-,bDks; |-es -z
haw ba [hawed had
hatch haetj | hatches 'haetjiz [hatched haet/t
Hawaii ha'waija, ba'waja, ba'wnja.
ba-
hatchel 'haetjal |hatcheled 'hsetjald
'wai'i, ba'wa-i
hatchery 'haetjari, 'haetjri
Hawarden US 'bewardn; ES -wa:dn; \\
'ales
hatchet 'haet Jit |-ed -id
'ba-a'dn, 'bardn; ES 'ba-adn, 'ba:dn
hatchway 'haetX,we
hawk hak [hawked bakt
hate het | hated 'hetid [hateful 'hetfal [-fully
hawk-eyed 'bak,aid
-fall
Hawkins 'bakmz [Hawkins's 'bakmziz
hath stressed 'haeG, jhaeG; tmstr. haO, 36
hawse baz [hawses 'baziz
Hathaway 'haeOajWe
hawsehole 'bazjbol, 'bas-
Hathorn(e) 'hDOarn; ES ^hoQoani—The BBC
hawser 'baza^; ES 'baza(r
recommends 'haeGorn/or the British name.
hawthorn, Hawthorn (e) 'ba,eam; ES -jOaan
hatred 'hetrid
hay be [hayed bed [haying 'be-ig
hatter 'haeta^; ES 'haet3(r
Hayakawa jhaia'kawa
Hatteras 'haetaras jHatteras's 'haetarasiz
haycock 'be^kak; ES + 'bejkok
hauberk 'habyk; ES 'habsk, 'habyk
Hayden 'bedn
Haugen 'haugan
Haydn 'haidn, 'bedn
haughty 'hati j-tily -tli, -tih
Haydon 'bedn
haul hal [hauled bald [haulage 'halids
Hayes bez Hayes's 'beziz
haunch bantj", hontj, bant/ [-es -iz |-ed -t
hayfork 'be.fark; ES 'be^faak
haunt bant, hrnit, bant [-ed -id
hayloft 'be^laft, 'be.lnft
Hauptmann 'bauptman, 'baupm- {Ger 'baupt-
haymarket 'hejinarkit; ES 'be^markit
man)
haymow 'bcjinau
hautboy 'bobai, 'obai {Fr o'bwa)
hayrack 'be^raek [-rick -^rik
hauteur bo'ty, o'ty; ES -'t3(r -'ty; {Fr
hayseed 'be^sid -stack -,stsk
o'toe:r)
Hayti 'beti, US places + \eta.\
Havana haVaena {Sp Habana a '(Sana)
Hayward 'bewa^d; ES 'hewad
have stressed 'baev, ,baev; unstr. bav, av [Ve v
hayward 'be^ward, -wa^d; ES 'be^waad, -
wad
[have to hef. conss. 'baefta, bef. vow. 'haeftu,
hazard 'baeza^d; ES 'baezad; [-ed -id [-ous
-as
'baefta — In "I could of done it," of is
haze bez [hazes 'heziz [hazed bezd
merely a misspelling for have. Their pro-
hazel, H- 'bezl [-nut -nat, -^nAt
nunciation is identical. The pron. %aefta.
Hazledean 'bezljdin
'baeftu is universal in unafected familiar
Hazleton 'bezltan
speech in US and England.
Hazlitt 'baezbt
Havelock, -lok, h- 'baevlak; ES+-lDk
hazy 'bezi [-zily -zji, -zili
haven 'bevan [havened 'bevand
he stressed 'hi, ^bi; unstr. i, i, hi
haven't 'baevnt, hef. some com^5. + 'baevn
head bed [headed 'btdid
('baevn 'sinim)
headache 'b^d^ek
Haverford 'baeva^fa^d; ES 'baevafad
headband 'bed^baend
Haverhill 'bevaril, 'bevril, -ral
headboard 'bEd^bord, -^bard; ES -jboad,
haversack 'baeva'jsaek; ES 'baeva,saek
E-f-jbaad
Haverstraw 'baeva'jstra; ES 'baevajStra
headcheese 'bedjijiz [-s -iz
havior 'bevja'; ES 'hevja(r
headdress 'bedjdres [-es -iz
havoc 'baevak
headfirst 'bed'fyst; ES -'fsst, -'fyst
Havre US 'baeva^; ES 'bava(r
headforemost 'bed'torjinost, -'far-, -mast
ES
Havre France 'bava^, 'bavra; ES 'bava(r,
-'foa-, E-i--'faa-
'bavra; {Fr la'a:vr)
headgear 'bed^gir; ES -igia(r, S-i--jgea(r
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg [angrj-- 'aeg-gri
[bath baeG; E ba6 (§10) [ah a [far far [watch wat/, wot/ (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
heading
199
Hecuba
Words below in which ea before r (heart) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (ha:t)
heading 'hedig
hearthstone 'harO^ston; ES 'harO-; — see
headland implowed land 'hedjaend, 'promon-
hearth
tory^ 'hedland
heartily 'hartli, -ih; ES 'hart-
headlight 'hedjait
heartsease 'hartSjiz; ES 'harts-
headline 'hedjlain j-d -d
heartsick 'hart;Sik, -'sik; ES 'hart-
headlock 'hed^lak; ES + -jlDk
heartsore 'hart^sor, -jsar; ES -jSoa(r, E +
headlong 'hed'bg, -ibg, -og; S + -ag
-(Saa(r; ace/ -i- 'heart 'sore
headman 'hEdmon -men -man
heartstring 'hartjstrig; ES 'hart-
headmaster 'hed'tnaesta^; ES -t3(r, E+-'mas-,
heart-to-heart 'hartta'hart; ES 'hartta'hart
-'mas-
heart-whole 'hart 'hoi; ES 'hart-; ('heart-
head-on 'hed'an, -'on, -bn ('head-pn 'crash)
-whole 'maid)
headphone 'hed^fon
heartwood 'hartiWud; ES 'hart-
headpiece 'hEd^pis |-s -iz
heat hit [heated 'hitid
headquarters 'hed'kworta^z, -jkw-; ES -'kw33-
heath hie |-ths -Os
taz, -jkw-
heathen 'hiSan |-ism -^izam |-ness -Sannis
headrest 'hsd^rest
heathenesse arch. 'hiSanjes
headsman 'hedzman |-men -man
heather 'hetJa^; ES 'hE'Sa(r; |-ed -d
headspring 'hed^sprig
heatstroke 'hitjstrok
headstock 'hedjStak; ES-h-iStnk
heaume horn
headstone 'h£djSton
heave hiv | heaved hivd or hove hov
headstrong 'hEd^strag, -^strDg; S+-iStrag
heaven 'hsvan, 'hevm |-ward -wa^d; ES -wad
headwater 'hedjwata^, -jwata^, -jwota^; ES
Heavener 'hivna^; ES 'hlvna(r
-t3(r
heavily 'hevli, -ili
headway 'hedjwe
Heaviside 'he vi, said
headwork 'hediWyk; ES -jwsk, -^wyk
heavy 'weighty' 'hevi
heal hil | healed hild
heavy 'broken-winded' 'hivi
health helO |-ths -Os |-ful -fal |-fully -fall
heavy-hearted 'hevi'hartid; ES -'hartid
healthy 'helGi |-thily -Gali, -Oik
heavyweight 'hevijwet
heap hip | heaped hipt
hebdomad 'hebdajmaed
hear hir; ES hia(r, S-t-hjeaCr, hjiaCr, h£a(r;
hebdomadal hefo'damadl; ES + -'dom-; |-ly -i
1 heard hyd; ES hsd, hyd
Hebe 'hibi
hearken 'harkan; ES 'hatkan; ]-ed -d |-ing
Hebraic hi'bre-ik |-al -1 -ally -li
-kanig, -kmg
Hebraism 'hlbriiizam |-ist -ist
hearsay 'hir^se; ES 'hia-, S-h'hjea-, 'hjia-.
Hebraistic jhibri'istik [-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
'hea-
Hebrew 'hibru, 'hibriu
hearse hys; ES hss, hys; |-d -t
Hebrides 'hebrajdiz
heart hart; ES hart
Hebron 'hibran
heartache 'hart^ek; ES 'ha:t-
Hecate 'hekati, in Shak. 'hekit
heartbreak 'hart^brek; ES 'hart-
hecatomb 'hekajtom, -jtum
heartbroken 'hartjbrokan, -'brokan; ES
Hecht hekt
'hart-
heckle 'hekl |-d -d |-ling 'hekhg, 'heklig
heartburn 'hartjbyn; ES 'hart^bsn, 'hart,byn;
hectare 'hekter, -taer; E -tea(r, ES -taea(r
l-ed -d
hectic 'hektik |-ly -li |-al -1 |-ally -li
hearten 'hartn; ES 'hartn; |-ed -d |-ing -tnig.
hectograph 'hekta^graef; E-h-^graf, -igraf
-tnig
Hector 'hekta^; ES 'h£kta(r
heartfelt 'hart^felt, -'felt; ES 'hart-
hector 'hekta^; ES 'hekta(r; |-ed -d |-ing
hearth harO; ES harO; |-ths -&s— Poetic hyO,
'hsktang, 'hektrig
hsO is still occas. heard.
Hecuba 'hekjuba
jfull ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fytSa'; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail jhow hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan jEden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
he'd
200
Helot
he'd abbr. spelling ofhe had, he would, stressed
helicoid 'heli/kaid
'hid, ,hid; imstr. id, id. hid
hehcoidal jheh'kaidl |-ly -?
heddle 'hedj |-d -d |-ling -dlig, -dhg
Hehcon, h- 'hEli,kan, -kan; ES-t--ikDn
hedge hedj |hedges 'hedjiz |hedged hedsd
helicopter jheh'kapta^; ES -'kaptad, -'kop-
hedgehog 'heds^hag, -thog, -ihng; S ■
*h3g.
Heligoland 'hehgojaend
-,hag, -,hDg
hehocentric jhiho'sentrik |-al -i |-ally -li.
hedgerow 'heds^ro
-ikh
Hedjaz he'dsaz
Heliogabalus ;hiha'gaebalas |-'s -iz
hedonic hi'danik; ES+-'dDn-; |-al -1 |-ally -li
heliograph 'hihajgraef; E-i--jgraf,, -^grof
hedonism 'hidrijizani |-ist -ist
heUometer jhili'amata^^; ES -'amatafr, -'nm-
Hedwig 'hedwig
Heliopolis jhih'apahs; ES-i--'Dp-; |-'e -iz
heed hid | heeded 'hidid |-ful -fal | -fully-
-fah
Helios 'hihjQs; ES-f--jDS
heedless 'hidhs
heUoscope 'hihajskop, 'hilja=
heehaw 'hijho, 'i^hS (nasal i) |-ed -d
heliotherapy jhiho'OErapi
heel hil | heeled hild |-less 'hilhs
heUotrope 'hiljajtrop, 'hiha-
heelpiece 'hil^pis |-s -iz |-d -t
helium 'hiham
heeltap 'hil,taep |-tapped -jtaept
helix 'hihks [-es -iz | helices ^h£k,siz
Heep, Uriah ju'raia'hip
hell hel
hett hsft Ihefted 'heftid [-y -i
he'll abbr. spellhig of he will, stressed 'hil, jhil;
Hegel 'hegl
unstr. il, il, hil
Hegelian he'gehan, hi'dsihan
hellbender 'hel^benda^; ES -jbEnda(r
hegemony hi'dsemam, 'hedsa^mom
hellbroth 'hEl^braO, -jbroe |-ths -Gs
hegira, H- hi'dsaira, 'hsdsara
hellcat 'hEljkaet
Heidelberg 'haidl^byg; ES -ibsg, -jbyg;
{Ger
hell-diver 'hEljdaiva'; ES -jdaiva(r
'haid3l>£rk)
hellebore 'hElajbor, -jbar; ES -jboaCr, E+
heifer 'hEta-; ES 'hefaCr
-ibo3{r
Heifetz 'haifits |-'s -iz
Hellen 'hslin, -an, -En
heigh intj he, hai
Hellene 'helin |Hellenes 'helinz
heigh-ho intj, n, v 'he'hoj 'hai'ho |-ed -t
Hellenic hE'lEnik, -'lin- |-ally -li, -ikli
height halt — cf highth
Hellenism 'hEhnjizam, -Ian- |-ist -ist
heighten 'haitn |-ed -d |-ing 'haitnig, -tnig
Hellenistic jhElm'istik, -Ian- |-al -1 |-aliy -li.
Heine 'haina
-ikh
Heinic, -ne nickname 'haini
Hellenize 'hfilinjaiz, -Ian- |-s -iz |-d -d
heinous 'henas
Hellespont 'hslajspant, -,spDnt
Heinz haints, hainz |-'s -iz
hell-fire, H- 'hel'fair, -,fair; ES -aia(r
heir er, aer; E £3(r, ES ae3(r; |-ess -is |-
esses
hellgrammite 'helgrajmait
-ISIZ
hellhound 'hEl,haund
heirloom 'er'lum, 'aer-, -jlum; E 'ea-, ES
'aea-
hellion 'hEljan
Hejaz hs'dsaz
hellkite 'hEljkait
hejira, H- hi'dsaira, 'hedsara
hello hE'lo, ha'lo, "helo, 'hAlo, emph. 'hEVlo,
Hekate 'hekatij m Shak. 'hekit
'hAl'lo
held held
helm hslm ] helmed helmd
Helen 'hebn, -an
helmet 'hElmit |helmeted 'hElmitid
Helena 'hehna, he 'Una; cf Saint H. &= Lena
Helmholtz 'hElnijholts |-'s -iz
Helgoland 'hElgO/laend {Ger -jlant)
helmsman 'hElmzman j-men -man
hehacal hi'laiakl -ly -i, -akh
Heloise Eng name jhElo'iz -'s -iz
helical 'hehk} -ly -i
Heloise wife of Abelard jclo'iz \-'s -xz {Fr
Helicanus ^hEli'kenas |-'s -iz
ela'iiz
heUcline 'h£li,klain
Helot, h- 'hslat, 'hilat |-ism -,izam |-ry -n
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee hi |pity *piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg iangrs' 'ag-gri
|bath baeO; E ba© (§19) |ah a |far far |watch wat.J', wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa Igorge gards |go go
help
201
hereby
help help |helped helpt |holp arch.
past b"
hennery 'hEnari
pptc holp |holpen arch, pptc 'holpan
henpeck 'hEn^pEk |-pecked -ipskt
helpful 'helpfal |-ly -i
Henrietta jhenri'Eta
helpmate 'help^met |helpmeet 'helpjinit
henry, H- 'hEnri
Helsingfors 'helsitj^farz, -jfDrs; ES
-jfaaz,
hepatic hi'paetik -a -a |-al -1
-jfaas
Hephaestus hi'fEstas |-'s -iz
Helsinki 'helsigki
Hephzibah 'hEfziba
helter-skelter 'hElta^'skElta^; ES 'helta'sktl-
Hepplewhite 'hEpl^hwait
t3(r
heptagon 'hEptajgan; ES + -jgDn
helve helv | helved htlvd
heptagonal hEp'taeganl
Helvetia hEi'viJa, -/la |-n -n
heptameter hEp'taemata'; ES -'t£emata(r
Helvetii hel'vi/ijai
heptarchy, H- 'hEptarki; ES -ta:ki, E + -ta:ki
hem liEm |hemmed h£md
Heptateuch 'hEpta^tjuk, -jtiuk, -;tuk
Hemans 'hemanz, 'himanz |-'s -iz
Hepzibah Pyncheon 'hEpziba'prntJan
hematic, hae- hi'maetik
her stressed 'hy, jhs'; ES 'h3(r, ihsir, 'by, ^by;
hematite, haem- 'hEmajtait
tmstr. ^, ba^; ES a(r, ha(r
hemicycle 'hEinajSaikl
Hera 'bira, 'bira
hemicyclic jhEma'saiklik, -'sik-
Heracles 'bErajkliz |-'s -iz
hemidemisemiquaverjhemi;d£mi's£in3jkwev3^;
Heraclitus jbEra'klaitas |-'s -iz
ES -jkwev3(r
Herakles 'bEra^kHz |-'s -iz
hemin, hae- 'himin
herald 'bErald, bErld |-ed -id |-ry -ri
Hemingway 'hEinig^we
heraldic bE'raeldik |-al -1 -ally -li, -ikli
hemiplegy 'hEinijplidsi |-gia ^liEini'plidsia
herb yb, hyb; ES sb, bsb, yb, hyb
hemisphere 'hEinasjfir; ES -jfi3(r, S-i-
-/fEa(r
herbaceous hy'bejas; ES bs-, by-
hemispheric jhema'sfErik |-al -1 |-ally
-li
herbage 'ybids, 'byb-; ES 'sb-, 'bsb-, %b-.
hemispheroid jhEma'sfiroid
'byb-
hemistich 'hEma^stik
herbal 'bybl, 'ybl; ES 'bsbj, 'sbl, 'hs-bl, 'ybl;
hemlock 'hemlak; ES-f-lok
|-ism -jizam |-ist -ist
hemoglobin, haem- jhima'globm, jhEina-
herbarium hy'bEriam, -'baer-, -'ber-; ES hs-.
hemophiha, haem- ^hima'filia, jhEma-
by-; |-s -z |-ia -la
hemorrhage, haem- 'hEmarids, 'hEmrids |-s
Herbert 'byba^t; ES 'bsbat, 'bybat
-IZ
herbiferous hy'bifaras; ES bs-, by-
hemorrhoid, haem- 'hEmajtaid, 'hEiiiji
raid
herbivorous by'bivaras; ES bs-, by-
hemp hEmp hempen 'hEmpan |-seed -
jsid
Herculaneum ihykja'leniam; ES ihs-, jby-
Hempl, George, Am scholar 'hEmpl
•herculean, H- by'kjuban, -'kiul-, jbykja'lian;
hemstitch 'hEmjStitJ -es -iz |-ed -t
ES -3-, -y-
hen hEn [henbane 'hEn^ben
Hercules 'b^kjajiz; ES 'bs-, 'bs^-; |-'s -iz
hence Hehs
herd byd; ES bsd, hyd; -ed -id
henceforth jhEns'forO, -'farG; ES
-'foaO,
Herder Ger poet 'hErda^; ES 'hEada(r
E-F-'faaO
herdsman 'bydzman; ES 'bsdz-, 'bydz-;
henceforward jhEns'farwa'd; ES -'faawad
|-nien -man
henchman 'hEntJman |-men -man
here bir; ES bia(r, S+bjea(r, biia(r, iEa(r,
hencoop 'hEn^kup, -jkup — see coop
bEa(r
hendiadys hEn'daiadis
Here 'biri=Hera
henequen, -quin %Enakin
hereabout jbira'baut, 'bira^baut; S+5ee here
Hengist 'hEggist, 'hEndsist
hereafter bir'aefta^; ES bir'aefta(r, E-h-'af-,
Henley 'hEnli
-'af-, S+see here
henna 'hEna |hennaed 'hEnad
hereat hir'aet; S-f-see here
Hennepin 'hEnapin {Fr En'p^)
hereby bir'bai; ES bia'bai, S+5ee here
|full ful |tooth tuG [further 'fy'Sa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while bwail [how bau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision Visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
hereditable
202
Hesperia
hereditable ha'redatabl |-bly -bli
hereditament jhera'ditamant
hereditary ha'redajteri |-dity -dati
herefor hir'far; ES hia'faaCr, S+5ee here
Hereford 'herafa'd, by Am stockmen usually
'hyfa^d; ES 'herafad, 'hsf-, 'hyfad; |-shire
-Jir, -JV; ES -Ji3(r, -/aCr
herefrom hir'fram, -'from; ES hia-, S+5ee
here
herein hir'in; S+^ee here
hereinafter jhirin'aef ta^ ; ES -'aeftaCr, E+-'af-,
-'af-, 'Si+see here
hereinbefore jhirinbi'tor, -'far; ES -'fo3(r,
E + -'f33(r, ?>+see here
hereinto hir'intu, -tu; S+^ee here — acct +
jherein'to
hereof hir'av, -'af, -'d-; S+i'ee here
hereon hir'an, -'on, -'an; S+see here
heresy 'hsrasi jheretic 'heratik
heretical ha'retikl |-ly -i, -ikh
hereto hir'tu; ES hia'tu, S + see here
heretofore jhirta'for, -'far; ES ^hiata'foa(r,
E + -'faa(r, S+^ee here
hereunder hir'Anda^; ES -'Anda(r, S+^ee here
hereunto hir'Antu, -tu; S+^ee here — acct+
/hereun'to
hereupon ;hira'pan, -'pon, -'pan; S+5ee here
Hereward 'herawa^d; ES 'herawad
herewith hir'wiG, -'wi?i; ES hia-, S+^ee here;
cf wherewith
Herford 'hyfa^d; ES 'hsfad, 'hyfad
Hergesheimer 'hygas,haim3'; ES 'hsgas-
jhaima(r, 'hygas;haima(r
Herington 'herigtan
heriot, H- 'heriat
heritable 'heratabl |-bly -bli
heritage 'hcratids |-tance -tans [-s -iz
heritor 'hsrata^; ES 'herata(r
Herkimer 'hykama^; ES 'h3kama(r, 'hyka-
ma(r
herl hyl; ES hsl, hyl
Herman 'hyman; ES 'hsm-, 'hym-
hermaphrodite hy'maefrajdait; ES hs-, hy-
hermaphroditic hy/mafra'ditik; ES h3-,hy-;
l-al -1 l-ally -h, -ikli
hermeneutic jhyman'jutik, -ma'niutik, -'nu-;
ES jhs-, jhy-; |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikk
Hermes 'hymiz; ES 'hsmiz, 'hymiz; l-mes'
hermetic hy'metik; ES ha-, hy-; |-al -1
l-ally -h, -ikli
Hermia 'hymia, -mja; ES 'hsm-, 'hym-
Hermione hy'maiani; ES ha-, by
hermit 'bymit; ES 'ham-, 'ham-; |-age -ids
I -ages -idsiz
Hermon 'hyman; ES 'ham-, 'ham-
hernia 'bynia, -nja; ES 'han-, 'ban-; |-s -z
|-niae -ni,i
hero, H- 'hiro, 'biro
Herod 'herad |-rodian he'rodian
Herodias ha'rodias, he- |-'s -iz
Herodotus ha'radatas; ES + -'rDd-; |-'s -iz
heroic bi'ro-ik, ha-, he- |-al -1 |-ally -li |-icly
-ikh
heroin, H- drug 'hero-in
heroine 'heroic woman' 'bero-m
heroism 'berojizam
heron 'beran |-ry -ri
heronsew, -sewe arch, 'heran^sju, -;Siu, -jSu
|-shaw -j/a
herpes 'hypiz; ES 'ha-, 'by-
herpetology jbypa'taladsi; ES jbap-, jhyp-,
-'tol-
Herr Ger title her; ES bea(r
Herrick 'herik
herring 'berig |-bone -jbon
Herriot Ain pers. name 'heriat, Fr statesman
er'jo
hers hyz; ES haz, byz
Herschel 'by/al; ES 'ha/-, 'by/-
herself h3''self, + //" "oi initial or after a pause
3^'self; ES ha-, a-
Hertford US 'bytfa^d; ES 'batfad, 'ba-tfad;
Engd 'harfa^d, 'bartfa^d; ES 'ha:fad,
'ha:tfad, E + 'ha:-; |-shire -iJir, -JV; ES
- Ji3(r, -Ja(r
Herts short for Hertfordshire harts, byts; ES
harts, hats, byts, E+ha:ts
Hertz berts, byts; ES heats, hats, hyts; |-'s
-IZ |-ian -lan
he's abhr. spelling o/he has, he is, stressed 'hiz,
jhiz; unstr. iz, iz, biz, hiz
Hesiod 'bisiad, 'bes-
Hesione hi'saiani, he-
hesitance 'hezatans |-cy -i |-tant -tant
hesitate 'bezajtet |-d -id |-tion jbeza'te/an
Hesper 'bespa^; ES 'hespa(r
Hesperia bes'piria |-n -n
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret [yet jet |sang saeg |angr\- 'aeg-gn
|bath bicG; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa Igorge gards |go go
Hesperides
203
high -test
Hesperides hes'perajdiz
hiccup 'hikAp, 'hikap |-ed -t
Hesperus 'hesparas |-'s -iz
hickory, H- 'hikri, 'hikari
Hesse Ger region hes, 'hesi {Ger Hessen
hickory-nut ^hikrmat, 'hikari-, -^iiAt, dial.
'hesan) — The Ger word Hesse 'hesa means
'hika^nat
'resident of Hesse' (Ger Hessen).
hid hid
Hessian 'he/an
hidalgo, H- hi'daelgo (Sp i'tJalgo)
hest best
hidden 'hidn |-ness 'hidnnis
Hester 'hesta^; ES 'hestatf
hide 'conceal' haid |hid hid |hidden 'hidn
Hestia 'hsstia
hide 'skin' haid hided 'haidid
hetaera hi'tira |hetaira hi'taira
hide-and-seek 'haidn'sik
Hetch Hetchy Valley 'het/'hEtXi'vaeli
hidebound 'haid^baund
heterodox 'hetarajdaks, 'hetra-; ES + ^dnks;
hideous 'hidias
l-y-i
hie hai |hied haid
heterodyne 'hetarajdam
Hiems, h- 'haiamz |-'s -iz
heterogeneity jhetaradsa'niati, jhctaro-
hierarch 'haia^rark; ES -jaik, E+-jra:k;
heterogeneous jhetara'dsinias, -njas
|-y-i
heteronym 'hetarajnim
hieratic jhaia'rjetik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikh
heterosyllabic jhetajro-si'laebik
hieroglyph 'haiara^ghf, 'haira-
hetman 'hetman \pl hetmans 'hetmanz
hieroglyphic jhaiara'ghfik, jhaira- |-al -1
hew hju, hiu \past -ed -d \pptc -ed -d or -n -n
l-ally -h, -ikh
hex heks |hexes 'heksiz |hexed hekst
Hieronymus jhaia'ranamas, -'rnn-
hexachord 'heksajkard; ES -jkaad
higgle 'higl |-d -d -ling 'highrj, ^higlig
hexa-emeron jheksa'cmajran, ES + -jrDn
higgledy-piggledy 'higldi'pigldi
hexagon 'heksajgan, -gan; ES + -jgDn
high hai |-er 'haia^; ES 'hai-a(r; |-est -ist
hexagonal heks'aeganl |-ly -i
Higham ^haiam
hexagram 'h8ksajgraem
highball 'haijbal
hexahedral jheksa'hidral
highbinder 'haijbainda'; ES -jbainda(r
hexahedron ^heksa'hidran |-s -z |-dra -dra
highborn 'hai'barn; ES -'baan; ('high-born
hexahemeron jheksa'hEmajran; ES+-jrDn
Hass)
hexameter heks'aemata^; ES -'aemata(r; |-ed -d
highboy 'hai^bai
hexane 'heksen
highbred 'hai 'bred
hexangular hEks'aeggjala^; ES -'aeggjalaCr
high-brow 'hai^brau
hexapla 'heksapla
highfalutin, -ting, -ten ,haifa'lutn, -'hutn
hexapod 'heksajpad; ES + -jpnd
highflier 'haijflaia-; ES -jflai'3(r
hexarchy 'heksarki; ES 'heksaiki, E+-a:ki
high-flown 'hai'flon ('high-jflown 'speech)
Hexateuch 'heksajtjuk, -jtiuk, -^tuk
Highgate US 'hai^get, Engd 'haigit
hey he [heyday 'he^de
highhanded 'hai'haendid
Heyne 'haina
highjacker 'haijdsaeka^; ES -idgaekaCr
He)rwood 'hewud
highland, H- 'hailand |-er -a^; ES -a(r
Hezekiah jheza'kaia
highlight V 'haijlait |-ed -id
hiatus hai'etas |-es -iz
highminded 'hai'maindid
Hiawatha jhaia'waOa, -VnOa
high-pitched 'hai'pit/t ('high-,pitched 'note)
hibernal hai'bynl; ES -'bsnl, -'bynl
high-pressure 'hai'preja^; ES -'prs/aCr
hibernate 'haiba^^net; ES -basnet; |-d -id
highroad 'haijtod, -'rod
hibernation jhaiba^'ne/an; ES jhaiba-
high-spirited 'hai'spiritid
Hibernia hai'bynia; ES -'bsn-, -'byn-; |-n -n
high-strung 'hai'strAij ('high-jstrung 'nervesj
■ l-nicism -najSizam
hight arch, v 'call' 'called' bait
hibiscus, H- hai'biskas, hi- |-es -iz
hight var. sp. of height hait
hiccough erroneous sp. for hiccup
high-test 'hai'test
|full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
highth
204
history
highth doublet of height haitO, Bril+haiQ —
Highth is not an error for height, hut a pho-
netically normal historical variant, found
e.g. in Milton.
high-toned 'hai'tond
highty-tighty 'haiti'taiti
highway 'haijwe
highwayman 'robber' 'hai^weman, hai'we-
highwayman 'road overseer' 'haiwe^maen
|-men -jm£n
hike haik | hiked haikt
Hilaire hi'ler, -'laer; E -'kaCr, ES -laeaCr
hilarious ha'krias, hi-, hai-, -'laer-, -'ler-
hilarity ha'laerati, hi-, hai-
Hilda 'Hilda
Hildebrand 'hildsjbrasnd {Ger 'hildajbrant)
Hildegarde 'hildajgard; ES -;ga:d, E + -jga:d
hilding 'hildig
hill hil I hilled hild
hillbilly 'hil^bih
HilUs 'hilis |-'s -iz
hill-less 'hillis
hillock 'hibk |hillocked 'hilakt
hillside 'hil^said
hilt hilt ihilted 'hiltid
hilum 'hailam |-s -z |-la -la
him stressed 'him, jhim; unstr. im, him
Himalaya hi'malja, -'malaja, jhima'lea |-n -n
i-s -z — In Engd the traditional Anglicized
pron. still prevails (Jones says hi'malaja is
rare), as it once did in America, but the pron.
more like the native one has recently become
frequent here.
himself him's£lf,+?/ not initial or after a
pause im'self
hind haind
hindbrain 'liaind^bren, 'ham-
hinder 'hack' 'hainda^; ES 'haindafr
hinder 'obstruct' 'hindaf; ES 'hindaCr; |-ed -d
|-ing 'hindrig, 'hindarig
hindermost 'hainda^jmost; ES 'hainda-
Hindi 'hindi, 'hin'di
hindmost 'haind^most, 'ham-
Hindoo 'hindu, 'hin'du |-ism ^hindujzam
|-stani jhindu'staeni, -'stani
Hindostan ,hindu'staen, -'stan |-i -i
hindquarter 'haind'kwarta', 'ham-; ES
-'kw33t3(r
hindrance 'hindrans I-s -iz
hindside 'hamd/Said, 'hain-
hind-side-foremost 'hamdjsaid'forjmostj'hain-,
-'far-; ES -'foa-, E-f--'faa-
hindsight 'haind^sait, 'ham-
Hindu 'hindu, 'hin'du ('Hin^du 'races)
Hinduism 'hmdujizam
Hindu Kush 'hmdu'kuj, -du-
Hindustan jhmdu'stsen, -'stan |-i -i
hinge hinds |hinges 'hindsiz |hinged hindsd
Hingham 'higam
hinny 'hini
Hinsdale 'hmzdel
hint hint [hinted 'hmtid
hinterland 'hmta^jlaend; ES 'hinta-; {Ger
-jlant)
hip hip |hipped hipt |-bone -'bon, -^bon
hippocampus jhipa'kaempas |-es -iz |-pi -pai
hippocras 'hipajkraes
Hippocrates hi'pakrajtiz; ES + -'pDk-; j-'s -iz
Hippocratic ,hipa'kraetik
Hippocrene 'hipa/krin, jhipa'krini
hippodrome 'hipa,drom
hippogriff, -gryff 'hipa,grif
Hippolyta hi'palita; ES-h-'pnl-; |-tus -tas
|-tus's -tasiz
hippopotamus ^hipa'patamas; ES + -'pDt-;
|-es -IZ |-mi -^mai
Hiram 'hairam
hircine 'hysain, -sin; ES 'hs-, 'hy-
hire hair; ES haia(r; |-d -d [-ling -lig
Hirohito jhiro'hito
Hirsch hy/; ES hsj, hsj"; |-'s -iz
hirsute 'hysut, -siut, -sjut; ES 'hs-, 'hy-
his stressed 'hiz, jhiz; unstr. iz, hiz — When
entirely unstressed, his has no h, just like he,
her, him, 'em, it.
Hispania his'penia, -nja |-nic his'paenik
Hispaniola ^hispan'jola
hispid 'hispid |hispidity his'pidati
Iiiss his |hisses 'hisiz |hissed hist
hist hist |histed 'histid
histology his'taladji; ES-h-'toI-
historian his'torian, -'tor-; S -'tor-
historic his'tarik, -'tank, -'tnrik ]-al -1 |-alty
-h, -ikh
historicity ^hista'risati
historiographer jhistori'agrafa', hiSjton-, -an,
-'og-; S -on-, ES -fa(r
history 'histri, 'histari |-ried -rid
Key: See in full §§3~47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet [sang saeg |angry 'asg-gri
Ibath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wot/, wntj (§12) |jaw dsa Igorge gards Igo go
histrionic
205
hole
histrionic ^histri^anik; ES + -'Dn-; |-al -1
Hoboken 'hobokan
|-ally -Ii, -ikh
Hobson 'habsn; ES-f-'hobsn
hit hit
hock hak; ES+hnk; |-ed -t
hit-and-miss ^hitn'mis
hockey 'haki; ES + 'hoki
hit-and-run 'hitn'rAn ('hit-and-^run 'driver)
hocus 'hokas |hocuses 'hokasiz [hocused
hitch hit/ Ihitches 'hitjiz |hitched hit/t
'hokast
hitchhike 'hit/^haik | -hiked -^haikt
hocus-pocus 'hokas'pokas [-ed -t
hithe, H- halts
hod had; ES-f-hod
hither 'hitJa^; ES 'hitJa(r; [-most -jmost
Hodgenville 'hadsan^vil; ES-f-'hodj-, S+-vl
hitherto ^hitSa^'tu; ES ^hitJa-; ('hither.to
hodgepodge 'hads^pads; ES-f'hndsjpods;
'came)
|-s -iz |-d -d
hitherward 'hitJa'wa'd ; ES 'hitiawad; [-s -z
hodman-bhnd 'hadman'blaind; ES+'hod-;
Hitler 'hitla^; ES 'hitlaCr; |-ism -jizam [-ite
see hoodman-blind
-jait
hoe ho jhoed hod [-cake -jkek
Hitlerian hit'lirian
hog hag, hag, hog; S hag, hag, hng; [ged -d
hit-or-miss 'hita^'mis; ES 'hita^mis
Hogarth 'hogarO; ES -ga:0, E-|--ga:0
hit-skip 'hit'skip |-ped -t ('hit-^skip 'driver)
Hogarthian ho'garOian; ES -'ga:0-, E-f-
Hittite 'hitait
-'ga:0-
hive haiv | hived harvd
hogback 'hag^baek, 'hag-, 'hog- |-ed -t — c/hog
h'm, hm hm — the h nasal, w-ith closed lips
hogmanay jhagma'ne, jhog-
ho ho
hognose 'hag^noz, 'hag-, 'hog- j-d -A—cf hog
hoar, H- hor, har; ES ho3(r, E-i-hosCr
hognut 'hagjnAt, 'hag-, 'hng-, -nat — cf hog
hoard herd, hard; ES hoad, E-t-haad; |-ed -id
hogshead 'hagz^hed, 'hagz-, 'hogz-, -zid — cf
hoarfrost 'hor^frast, 'har-, -^frDst; ES 'hoa-,
hog
E-f-'haa-
hogwash 'hagjwaj", 'hag-, 'hog-, -iWa/, -jWdJ
hoarhound 'horjhaund, 'har-; ES 'hoa-.
—cf hog
E-i-'haa-
Hohenlinden 'hoan^hndan
hoarse hors, hars; ES hoas, E-i-haas
Hohenstaufen Ger jho:an'/taiifan
hoary 'hori, 'hari; S 'hori
Hohenzollern 'hoan^zala^n; ES -jzalan, -jZdI-:
hoaryheaded 'hori'h£did, 'hari-; S 'hori-;
{Ger jho:an'tsalarn)
('hoary jheaded 'joke)
hoicks haiks
hoax hoks |hoaxes 'hoksiz [hoaxed hokst;
hoiden 'haidn |-ed -d j-ing -dniij, -dnig
\NEngd+}x6ks {§46)
hoi polloi 'haipa'lai
hob hab; ES+hob; |-bed -d
hoise arch, haiz jhoised haizd or hoist haist
hob-and-nob 'haban'nab; ES + 'hoban'nnb
hoist V pres haist |-ed -id
Hobart Tasni 'hoba^t, -bart, US pers. name
hokeypokey 'hoki'poki
'hoba^t; ES -bat, -ba:t
Hokkaido ha'kaido, ho-
Hobbes habz; ES-t-hnbz; |-'s -iz
hokum 'hokam
hobble 'habl; ES + 'hnbl; ]-d -d |-Ung -blig,
Holbein 'holbam, 'hal-, 'hol-
-bhg
Holborn Loud 'hoba^n, 'hoi-; ES -ban; Scotl
hobbledehoy 'habldi.hai; ES-f 'hob-
hol'bom, -'bam; ES -'boan, E + -'baan
hobby 'habi; ES-i-'hobi; |-horse -^hars; ES
hold hold [held held \arch. pptc hoiden 'holdan
-jhaas
holdall 'holdpl
hobgobHn 'hab^gabbn; ES-t-'hob^gobbn
holdback 'hold^baek
hobman-blind 'habman'blaind; ES-f'hnb-;
Hoiden 'holdan, -dm
see hodman-blind
holder 'holda^; ES 'holda(r
hobnail 'hab^nel; ES-h'hob-; |-ed -d
holdfast 'hold.faest; E-t--,fasf, -,fast
hobnob 'hab^nab; ES+'hob^nnb; |-bed -d
holdup 'holdjAp
hobo 'hobo
hole hoi jholed hold
[full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fs'Sa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fmz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
holiday
206
homoDhonous
holiday 'habjde; ES + 'hnl-
holiness, H- 'holinis |-'s -iz
Holinshed 'hahnzjhEd, 'halnij/ed; ES +
'hoi-; -]Jed is a sp. pron.; the second part=
'head.'
holla 'hala, ha 'la — see hollo
Holland 'habnd; ES+'hnl-
hollandaise ^halan'dez; ES+^hul-; ('hollan-
jdaise 'sauce)
hollo 'halo, ha'lo — This 'wordb'\io\\diare hardly
in current use. The living word is holler
'hala^; ES 'hal3(r, 'hoi-, shunned by many.
hollow 'halo, 'hab; ES + 'hnl-; |-ed -d |-ing
-bwiij |-er -lawa^; ES -W3(r; |-est -lawist
holly 'hah; ES + 'hoh
hollyhock 'hah,hak, -jhok; ES + 'hoh^faDk;
The pronunciation 'hah^hok is evidenced
from all parts of US and from Canada.
Hollywood 'hahjwud; ES + 'holi-
holm horn
Holmes homz; NEtigd+h'6mz (§46) |-'s -iz
holmia 'holmia |holmium 'holmiam 1-mic
-mik
holocaust 'halajkast; ES + 'hol-
Holof ernes, -pher- jhab'fyniz; ES jhab-
'faniz, jhnl-, -'fyniz; |-nes' -niz
holograph 'hab^graef; ES + 'hol-, E+-^graf, .
-/graf
holophote 'habjfot; ES + 'hnl-
holp arch, past &' pptc of help help
holpen arch, pptc of help 'holpan
Holstein 'holstain, with US farmers usually
'holstin {Ger 'halXtain)
Holstein-Friesian 'holstain'frisan, -stin-
holster 'holsta^; ES -st3(r; |-ed -d |-ing 'hol-
starig, 'holstrig
holt, H- holt; NEngd+Kolt {§46)
holy 'hoh |holily 'holali, -hh
holyday 'holi,de
Holyhead Wales 'hah.hed, -'hed; ES + 'tnli-
Holyoke 'holijok. Mass city cf college 'holjok
Holyrood Scotl 'halijrud; ES + 'hnli-
holystone 'holi/Ston |-d -d
holy tide 'holi^taid
Holywell 'halijW£l, -wal; ES + 'hnli-
homage 'hamids, 'am-; ES + 'hom-, 'nm-;
|-s -IZ |-d -d
hombre Sp 'man' bmbre \pl -bres -bres
hombre 'omber' 'amba^; ES 'ambaCr, 'nm-
home hom |homed homd; \A^Engd+K6m
{§46)
homebred 'hom'bred ('home-bred 'mink)
homeland 'homeland
homelike 'hom,laik
homely 'homh; A^Eng^+'hb'mli {§46)
homemade 'hom'med
homemaker 'honijmeka^; ES -^mekaCr
homeopath 'homi3jpae6 |-ths -6s
homeopathic jhomia'pseOik |-ally -li, -ikh
homeopathist jhomi'apaGist; ES+-'dp-; |-thy
-ei
homer 'homa^; ES 'homaCr
Homer 'homa^; ES 'homaCr
Homeric ho'inerik |-al -1 |-ally -h, -ikli
homesick 'hom^sik
homespun 'honijSpAn
homestead, H- 'homjSted, 'homstid
homestretch 'hom'stret/ |-es -iz
homeward 'homwa-d; ES 'homwad
homework 'hom^wyk; ES -^wsk, -^wyk
homey 'homi
homicidal jhama'saidl; ES+-ihDm-; |-ly -i
homicide 'hamajsaid; ES + 'hom-
homiletic jhama'ktik; ES + ihnm-; |-al -1
l-ally -li, -ikh
homily 'hamli; ES+'hom-
hominy 'hamani; ES + 'hom-
homo, H- 'homo \pl homines 'hamayiiiz;
ES + 'hom-
homogamic jhoma'gasmik, ^ham-; ES + zhom-
homogamy ho'magami, -'mng-
homogeneity jhomadsa'niati, jham-; ES +
jhiom-
homogeneous jhoma'dsLmas, ^ham-; ES +
jhom-
homogenesis jhoma'dsEnasis, jham-; ES +
/hnm-
homogenize ho'mad33,naiz; ES+ -'mods-
homologous ho'malagas; ES+-'mDl-
homologue 'hamajbg, -jlag, -jlog; ES + 'hom-
homology ho'maladsi; ES + -'mDl-
homonym 'hama^nim; ES + 'liDm-
homonymous ho'manamas; ES+-'mmi-;
|-my -mi
homophone 'ham3;fon; ES + 'hnm-
homophonic jhama'fanik; ES + ihoma'tomk
homophonous ho'mafanas; ES+-'mDf-; |-ny
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang S£eg langry 'asg-gri
|bath baeG; E baO (§10) [ah a |far far |watch watj, wotj (§12) |jaw dga |gorge gards [go go
homorganic
207
hornpipe
homorganic jhomar'gaenik, jham-; ES jhomaa-
Hooker 'huka^; ES 'hukaCr
'gaenik, jham-, jhora-
hookup 'hukjAp
Homo sapiens 'homo'sepiiCnz
hookworm 'huk^ws^m; ES -^wsm, -jwa^m
homunculus ho'mAgkjabs -li -Jai
hooky 'huki
Honan 'ho'naen, -'nan(C/ww 'xA'nan)
hooligan 'huhgan [-ism -jizam
Honduran han'duran, -'diur-, -'djur-; ES +
hoop hup, hup [-ed -t
hnn-; |-ras -ras |-ras's -rasiz
hooping-cough 'hupigjkof, 'hupig-, -jknf
hone hon [honed hond
hoopoe 'hupu
honest Wist; ES + 'nn-; |-y -i
hooray hu're, hu-
honey 'hAni jhoneyed 'liAnid |-bee -jbi
Hoosac 'husak, -saek
honeycomb 'hAni,kom |-ed -d
hoosegow, hoosg- 'husgau
honeydew 'hAnijdju, -jdni, -^du
Hoosic, -sick 'husik
honeymoon 'hAnijinun |-ed -d
Hoosier 'husa-; ES 'husaCr
honeysuckle 'hAiu^sAkl |-d -d
hoot hut [hooted 'hutid
honey-tongued 'hAni'tAijd ('honey-jtongued
Hoover 'huva^; ES 'buva(r
'Ann)
hooves pi of hoof huvz, huvz
Hong Kong 'hag'kag, 'hon'kng
hop hap; ES+hnp; |-ped -t
Honiton 'hanitn, loc. 'hAnitn; ES + 'hnn-
Hopatcong ho'paetkqg, ha-, -kog
honk 'hogk, 'haok, 'hogk |-ed -t
hope, H- hop [hoped hopt; \NEngd+h'6p
Honolulu jhana^la, -lu; ES + ^hon-; native
(§46)
'ho'noUuUu {even stress)
Hopeh, -pei 'ho'pe
honor 'ana'; ES 'an3(r, 'Dn3(r; |-ed -d |-ing
hoplite 'haplait; ES + 'hnp-
-nang, -nrig [-able -abl, -nrsbl |-bly -bli
hop-o'-my-thumb 'hapamai'OAm; ES4-
'bnp-
honorarium jana'rEriam, -'raer-, -'rer-; ES +
hopper 'hapaf; ES 'hapa(r, 'hep-
jon-; |-s -z |-ria -na
hopscotch 'hapjskatj"; ES + 'hop^skntj";
[-ed -t
honorary 'an3,rEri; ES + 'on-
Horace 'bans, 'bar-, 'bor-, -as [-'s -iz
honoritic ^anaVifik; ES + ^Dn-; [-al -1 [-ally
Horatian ha'rejan, bo-, -/lan
-h, -ikli
Horatio ba're/o, bo-, -J"io
Honshu 'hanju, 'hon-
Horatius ba'rejas, bo-, -Jias |-'s -iz
hooch hutj
horde hord, hard; ES boad, E+baad;
1-d -id
hood, H- hud |hooded 'hudid
Horeb 'borab, 'bar-, -eb; S 'bor-
-hood efiding, pron. -hud, -^hud according to
Hore-BeUsha 'borba'lija, 'har-; ES
'boa-.
number of syllables; as 'maenbud, 'laikh-
E-i--'baa-
jhud. The pron. of all such words omitted
horehound 'bor^baund, 'bar-; ES
'boa-.
from lite vocab. can be found by adding -hud
E-i- 'baa-
or -jhud directly to the main ward.
horizon ba'raizn |-ed -d |-ing -'raizmg
, -znig
hoodlum 'hudbm
horizontal ^bara'zantj, jbar-, ^bor-;
ES +
hoodman 'hudman |-men -man
-'zon-; |-ly -i
hoodman-blind 'hudman'blamd
hormone 'barmon; ES 'baamon
hoodoo 'hudu [hoodooed 'hudud
Hormuz 'barniAz; ES 'baamAz; |-'s -iz
hoodwink 'hud^wigk |-ed -t
horn, H- barn; ES haan; |-ed -d
hooey 'hui
hornblende 'barnjbknd; ES 'haan-
hoof huf , huf |-s -s \rarely hooves -vz |-ed -t —
hornbook 'barn^buk; ES 'baan-
The pronunciation huf clearly prevails in
Hornell bar'nel; ES baa'nel
the N, E, and S, and probably in Canada.
Horner 'barna'; ES 'baana(r
Hooghly, -gly 'hugh
hornet 'barnit; ES 'baanit
hook huk [hooked hukt
Hornie 'bami; ES 'baam
hookah, -ka 'huka
horn-mad 'barn'maed; ES 'baan-
hooked adj 'hukid, hukt |-ness 'hukidnis
hornpipe 'bam,paip; ES 'baan-
[full ful [tooth tuO [further 'fy'Sa'; ES 'fa'Sa [custom 'kAstam [while bwail jhow bau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse f juz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'vijan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
horologe
208
Hottentot
horologe 'harajods, 'har-, 'hor-, -]lad5;
ES+'Jods; |-s -iz
horologer ho'raladsa^, ho-; ES -'raladsaCr,
-'rol-; |-gist -dgist |-gy -dsi
horoscope harajskop, 'har9-, 'hnra-
horoscopy ho'raskapi, ha-; ES + -'rDS-
horrendous ha'tEndas, ha-, ho-
horrent 'harant, 'har-, 'hor-
horrible 'harabj, 'har-, 'hur- |-bly -bli
horrid 'hand, 'har-, 'hor-
horrific ha'rifik, ha-, ho-
horrification ^harafa'kejan, jhar-, ^hor-
horrify 'hara^fai, 'har-, 'hor- |-fied -jfaid
Horrocks 'haraks, 'har-, 'hnr- |-'s -iz
horror 'hara', 'har-, 'hor-; ES -ra(r
Horsa 'harsa; ES 'haasa
hors de combat 'arda'kamha; ES 'aada-,
-'kom-; {Fr ardako'ba)
hors d'oeuvre ar'doevra, -'dAv; ES aa-; {Fr
ar'doe:vr)
horse hars; ES haas; |-s -iz |-d -t
horse-and-buggy adj 'harsn'bAgi; ES 'haas-
horseback 'hars^baek; ES 'haas-
horsecar 'harsjkar; ES 'ha3Sjka:(r, E + -jka:(r
horsecloth 'hars^kbG, -^kloO |-ths -6s, -tSz — see
cloth
horseflesh 'harsjfkj; ES 'haas-
horsefly 'hars,flai; ES 'haas-
horsehair 'harsjhcr, -^haer; E 'haasjh£a(r, ES
'haaSjhaeaCr
horsehide 'hars,haid; ES 'haas-
horse jockey 'harsjdsaki; ES 'haas-, -jdsoki
horselaugh 'harsjaef; ES 'haas-, E + -jlaf,
-^laf ; |-ed -t
horseleech 'hars,litX; ES 'haas-; j-es -iz
horseman rider, manager 'harsman; ES
'haas-; |-men -man
horseman racing sport, expert 'harsjinaen; ES
'haas-; |-men -jin£n
horseplay 'hars^ple; ES 'haas-
horsepower 'harsjpaua^; ES 'ha3s,pau-a(r
horse-radish 'hars'rajdi/; ES 'haas-; |-es -iz
horseshoe 'harjjju, 'harsjju, -jjiu; ES 'haa/-,
'haas-; |-d -d
horsetail 'hars,tel; ES 'haas-
horsewhip 'harsjhwip; ES 'haas-; |-ped -t
horsewoman 'harsjwiiman, -jwum-; ES
'haas-; |-women -jWimin — see woman
Horsham 'harjam; ES 'haa/am; sp. pron.
Horst Wessel 'harst'vssl; ES 'haast-
horsy 'harsi; ES 'haasi
hortative 'hartativ; ES 'haata-
hortatory 'hartajton, -jtari; ES 'haata,ton,
E + -;tari
Hortense har 'tens; ES haa-; |-'s -iz (F,-
b'r'ta:s)
Hortensia har'tensia, -Jia; ES ha- |-ius -s
|-ius's -siz
Hortensio har'tensi^o, -'tEnJjo; ES ha-
horticulture 'hartiikAhJa- ; ES 'haatijk Alt/a (r
hosanna, H- ho'zaena
hose hoz |hoses 'hoziz |hosed hozd
Hosea prophet ho'zia, pers. name ho'zia, 'hozia
('Hojsea 'Biglow)
hosier 'hosa^; ES 'ho3a(r; |-y -i, -sri
Hosmer 'hazma^; ES 'hazma(r, 'hoz-
hospice 'haspis, 'hns- |-s -iz
hospitable 'haspitabl, 'hns-, much less freq.
has'pitabl, hos- |-bly -hh
hospital 'haspitl, 'has^pitl, 'hns-
hospitality ;haspi'taelati, ^hos-
hospitahzation jhaspitla'ze/an, jhns-, -ai'z-
hospitahze 'haspitj^aiz, 'hos- |-s -iz |-d -d
host host [hosted 'hostid
hostage 'hastids; ES + 'hns-; |-s -iz |-d -d
hostel 'hastl; ES + 'hos-; |-ry -ri
hosteler 'hastla^; ES 'hastla(r, 'hns-
hostess 'hostis [hostesses 'hostisiz
hostile 'hastl, -til: ES + 'hos-
hostility has'tilati; ES+hos-
hostler 'hasla^, 'asla^; ES 'hasla(r, 'asla(r
'hos-, 'ds-
hot hat; ES+hnt
hotbed 'hat^btd; ES + 'hnt-
hot-blooded 'hafbUdid; ES + 'hot-
hotbox 'hatjbaks; ES + 'hot^boks; |-es -iz
hot-breathed 'hat'breet; ES + 'hnt-
hotchpot 'hat/jpat; ES + 'hot/jpot
hotchpotch 'hat/ipatj; ES + 'hot/jpotJ"; |-es
-IZ |-ed -t
hotel ho't£l ('Hojtel 'Cleveland)
hotfoot 'hat.fut; ES + 'hnt-; i-ed -id
hothead 'hatched; ES-i- 'hot-
hotheaded 'hat'hedid; ES + 'hnt-
hothouse 'hat,haus; ES + 'hnt-; |-ses -ziz
hotspur, H- 'hatjspy; ES 'hatjsp3(r, -/spy,
'hot-
Hottentot 'hatn,tat; ES + 'hotn^tot
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee hi [pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jst [sang saeg |angn,- 'aeg-gn
|bath baeG; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wat/, wotj (§12) |jaw dja |gorge gards |go go
Houdini
209
hullabaloo
Houdini hu^dini
Howard 'haua^d; ES %au«ad
hough hak; ES+hok; [-ed -t (Sc hox)
howbeit hau'biit
Hough hAf, hoi, hai, hni
howdah 'hauda
Houghton 'hotn, 'hautn, 'hotri
how-do-you-do ^haudaJaMu, 'haudaju'du.
Houlton 'holtn
'haudaji'du, 'haudja'du, 'haudju'du, 'hau-
hound haund |hounded 'haundid
di'du, 'haud'du
Hounslow 'haunzlo
how-dy-do 'haudi'du
hour aur; ES aua(r
howe'er hau'er; ES hau'ea(r
hourglass 'aur^glaes; ES ^aua-, E+-]glas,
Howells 'haualz |-'s -iz
-iglas; |-es -iz
however hau'eva^; ES hau'£va(r
houri 'huri, 'hauri
howitzer 'hauitsa^; ES 'hauitsa(r
Housatonic jhusa'tanik; ES+-'tDn-; loc.+
howl haul [howled hauld [-er -a^; ES -a(r
jhuza-
howlet 'haukt
house n haus [house's 'hausiz [houses 'hauziz
howsoever jhauso'eva'; ES -'8va(r
house V hauz [houses 'hauziz [housed hauzd
hoy hai [hoyed hoid
houseboat 'hausjbot [-ed -id
hoyden 'haidn [-ed -d [-ing -dnig, -dnig
housebreaking 'haus,brekig
hub hAb [hubbed hAbd
housebroken 'haus^brokan
Hubbell 'hAbl
housecarl 'hausjkarl; ES -^ka:l, E+'^ka:!
hubbub 'hAbAb
housefly 'haus^flai
Hubert 'hjuba^t, %iu-; ES -bat
houseful 'hausjful [fuls -jfulz
huckaback 'hAka^baek
household ^aus^hold, -jold
huckle 'hAkl [-back -jbaek (-backed -jbaekt
housekeeper ^hauSikipa*; ES -jkipaCr
huckleberry, H- 'hAkl^beri, -ban
housel 'hauzl [houseled 'hauzld
hucklebone 'hAkjjbon
houseless 'hauslis
huckster 'hAkst*; ES 'hAksta(r
housemaid 'haus^med
hucksterer 'hAkstara^; ES 'hAkstara(r
house-raising 'haus^rezio
huddle 'hAdl |-d -d [ling ^hAdhg, 'hAdhg
housetop 'hausjtap; ES+-jtDp
Hudibras 'hjudi^braes, 'hiu- [-'s -iz
housewarming 'hauSjWDrmig; ES -jWDamig
Hudibrastic jhjudi'braestik, jhiu-
housewife ^wommi' 'hausjwaif |-ves -vz
Hudson 'hAdsn
housewife 'sewing-kit' 'hAzif, 'haus^waif |-fes
hue hju, hiu jhued hjud, hiud
-fs [-ves -vz
Huebner 'hjubna^, 'hiub-, 'hib-; ES -na(r;
housewife v 'haus^waif |-s -s [-d -t
{Ger 'hy:bnar)
housewifery 'hausjwaifn, -fan, 'hAzifri
Huerta 'werta {Sp Verta)
housework 'hausjwyk; ES -jwsk, -jwyk
huff hAf [huffed hAft
housing 'hauzig
hug hAg [hugged hAgd
Housman 'hausman
huge hjudg, hiuds, judj
Houston Tex soldier b" city 'hjustan, 'hius-;
huggermugger 'hAga^^mAga^; ES 'hAga^mAgaCr
Eng botanist 'hustan, NYC street, Ga co.
Hugh h)u, hiu
'haustan, Scotl 'hustan
Hughes hjuz, hiuz |-'s -iz
Houyhnhnm hu'inam, ^winam, ^hwin-
Hugh 'hugk
''m^m^m —
Hugo %jugo, 'hiugo
hove n &° past of heave hov
Huguenot 'hjugajnat, 'hiu-; ES-h-^nrat
hovel %Avl, much less freq. 'havl; ES + 'hDvl;
huh hA {nasal a) &" various other grunts
[-ed -d [-ing -vlig, -vlig
Huidekoper 'haidi^kopa^; ES -;kopa(r
hover 'hAva^, imich less freq. 'hava^; ES -V3(r,
hula or hula-hula 'hula, 'hula 'hula
'hov-; j-ed -d [-ing -varig, -vrig
hulk hAlk [hulked hAlkt
how hau
hull hAl [hulled hAld
How(e) hau
hullabaloo 'hAlabajlu, 'hAlaba'lu
[full ful [tooth tue [further 'fytSa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipni
hulio
210
husband
hullo ha'lo Ihulloed ha'lod
humph hmmm b° various other grimts C7° nasal
Hulme hjum, hium, hAlm
pufs
Hultzen hul'tsen
Humphrey, -ry 'hAmfn, 'Am-, -pfri |-s -z
hum hAm jhummed hAmd
l-s' -z
human 'hjuman, 'hiuman, 'juman |-ness
humus 'hjumas, 'hiu-
-mannis
Hun hAn
humane hju'men, hiu'men, ju'men |-ness
hunch hAntJ" [hunches 'hAntJiz [hunched
-'mennis
hAnt/t
humanism 'hjumaiiiizam, 'hiu- |-ist -ist
hunchback 'hAntJjbaek [-backed -jbtekt
humanitarian hju^maena'tErian, hiu-, -'ter-,
hundred 'hAndrad, -drid, -da'd; ES -drad.
^hjumaena-, jhiu-
-drid, -dad; [th -e [-fold -'fold, -,fold
humanity hju'maenati, hiu-
j-weight -'wet, -jwet — 'hAnd»d, -dad Jias
Humber 'hAmba^; ES 'hAmb3(r
been current from the 14c to Tennyson and
Humbert ^Amba^t; ES 'hAmbat
King George V.
humble 'hAmbl, Umbl |-d -d — The historical
hung hAQ
Umbl is well preserved in the S.
Hungary 'hAugari |-rian hAg'gEnan, -'ger-
bumblebee 'hAmbl^bi
hunger 'hAgga^; ES 'hAgga(r; [-ed -d |-ing
humbler 'hAmbla^, Um-; ES -blaCr; |-blest
'hAggarig, 'hAggrig |-gry -gri
-bhst |-bly -bk
hunh hA (nasal a) a' other similar sounds
Humboldt 'hAmboIt {per 'humbalt)
hunk hAgk
humbug 'hAitiybAg [humbugged 'hAm,bAgd
hunky 'hAgki
humdrum 'hAm^drAm |humdrunimed 'hAm-
hunky-dory jhAgki'dori, -'dan; S -'don
jdrAmd
Hunnish 'hAmJ
Hume hjum, hium
hunt hAnt hunted 'hAntid
humerus 'hjumaras, 'hiu- |-es -iz |-ri -{tai
hunter, H- 'hAnta^; ES 'hAnta(r
humid 'hjumid, 'hiumid
Hunterian hAii'tinan
humidify hju'midajfai, hiu- |-fied -jfaid
Huntingdon 'hAntigdan [-shire -i/ir, -Ja'; ES
humidity hju'midati, hiu-
- Jia(r, -Ja(r
humidor 'hjumijdar, 'hiu-; ES -jd3a(r
Huntington 'hAntigtan
humiliate hju'imlijCt, hiu- |-ated -/Ctid
Hunts short for Huntingdonshire hAnts
humiliation hjujimli'ejan, hiu-, jhjumili-.
huntsman 'hAntsman -men -man
;hiu-
hurdle 'hydl; ES 'hsdl, 'hydl; [d -d [-Ung
humiliatory hju'mihajtori, biu-, -^tari; S
-dhg, -dhg
-jtori
hurdy-gurdy 'hydijgydi; ES 'hsdijgsdi.
humility hju'milati, hiu-
'hydijgydi
hummer 'hAma^; ES 'hAin3(r
hurl hyl; ES hsl, bs^l; |-ed -d
hummingbird 'hAmiQjbyd; ES -^bsd, -^byd
hurly-burly 'hylijbs'li; ES 'hsli^bsli, 'hyli-
hummock 'hAmak |hummocked 'hAmakt
>yh
humor 'hjumy, 'hiu-, 'ju-; ES -ma(r; |-ed -d
Huron 'hjuran, 'hiu-
|-ing -mariij, -inrig — The pron. 'juma'.
hurrah ha'ra, ha'ra, hu-
'juma(r is most likely to occzir in 'sense of
hurray ha 're, hu-
humor,' 'mood,'' and in the verb.
hurricane 'hyijken; ES 'hsn-, 'hAn-, 'hyi-
humoresque jhjumaVesk, jhiu-
hurry 'hyi; ES 'hsn, 'hAn, 'hyi; [-ried -d
humorist 'hjumarist, 'hiu-, 'ju-
hurry-scurry, -sk- 'hs'i'skyi; ES 'hsn'sksn.
humoristic jhjumaVistik, jhiu-, jju- |-al -1
'hAn'skAn, 'hyi'skyi [-ried -d
humorous 'hjumaras, 'hiu-, 'ju-
hurt hyt; ES hst, hyt; |-ful -fal [-fully -fall
hump hAmp [humped hAmpt
hurtle 'hytl; ES 'hstl, 'hs^tl; |-d -d [-Ung
humpback 'hAmpjbaek [-backed -jbaekt
-thg, -thg
Humperdinck 'humpa^jdigk; ES 'humpa-
husband 'hAzband [husbanded 'hAzbandid
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg [angn*^ 'aeg-gri
[bath bae6; E ba6 (§10) [ah a [far far [watch watj, wutj" (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
husbandman
211
Hyksos
husbandman 'hAzbandman, -banman j-men
-man
husbandry 'hAzbandri
hush HaJ I hushed hAjt |-edly -idli
hushaby 'hAjajbai
Hushai 'hju/ijai, 'hiu-, -Jai
husk hAsk I husked hAskt
husky 'hAski | Husky 'hAski
Huss Has |Huss's 'Hasiz |-ite -ait
hussar hu'zar; ES hu'za:(r, E+-'za:(r
hussy 'Hasi, 'Hazi
hustings 'hAstigz
hustle 'hAsl |-d -d |-ling ^hAshg, 'hAs]ig
huswife 'hAzif
hut hAt Ihutted 'hAtid
hutch hAt/ [hutches 'hAtJiz [hutched hAtJt
Hutten, von fan'hutn
Huxley 'hAksli
Huygens ^haiganz
huzza ha^za, hu'za
Hwang-ho 'hwseij'ho, 'hwag-
hyacinth, H- ^hais^sinO |-ths -Os
Hyads 'haiadz |Hyades 'haia^diz
hyaena hai'ina
hyaline 'haislin
hyalogen hai^£el3d33n, -dsm
Hyannis hai'aenis |-'s -iz
Hybla 'haibb
hybrid ^haibrid |-ity hai^bridati
hybridization jhaibrida'zefan, -ai'z-
hybridize 'haibrid^aiz \-s -iz [-d -d
Hydaspes hai^dsespiz |-pes' -piz
Hyderabad, Hydra- 'haidsrs^b^d, jhaidara-
'bad, 'haidra-, ^haidra-
Hydra 'haidra |-s -z |-drae -dri
hydracid hai'draesid
hydrangea, H- hai'drendsa, -'draendsia, -dsa
hydrant 'haidrant
hydrate n 'haidret, -drit
hydrate v 'haidret |hydrated 'haidretid
hydraulic hai'drolik |-al -1 [-ally -li, -ikli
hydride ^haidraid, -dnd |drid -drid
hydrocarbon jhaidro'karban, -ban; ES 'ka:b-,
-bon, E + 'ka:b-
hydrocephaly jhaidro'sefab |-lic -sa'faelik
hydrochloric jhaidra'klorik, -'kbr-; S -'klor-
hydrochloride jhaidra'kloraid, -'kbr-, -id; S
-'klor-; |-rid -id
hydrocyanic jhaidrosai'aenik
hydrodynamics jbaidrodai'nsemiks
hydroelectric jhaidro-i'lektrik
hydrogen 'haidradsan, -d3in |-ate -fit |-ated
-jCtid
hydrogenize ^aidradsanjaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
hydrogenous hai'dradsanas; ES^-'drnds-
hydrographer hai'dragrafa^, -'drog-; ES
-fa(r; |-phy -fi
hydroid 'haidraid
hydrolysis hai'drabsis; ES+-'drDl-; |-yses
-jsiz
hydromechanics jhaidromi'kaeniks
hydromel 'haidrajmel
hydrometer hai'dramata^; ES -'dramata(r,
-'drom-
hydropathic jhaidra'paeOik |-al -1
hydropathy hai'drapaOi; ES + -'drDp-
hydrophobia /haidra'fobia
hydroplane 'haidra^plen
hydroponics jhaidra'paniks; ES+-'pDn-
hydroponist hai'drapanist; ES + - 'drop-
hydropsy 'baidrapsi; ES + -drDp-
hydroquinone jhaidrokwi'non
hydrosphere 'haidra^sfir; ES -jsfia(r, S +
-'sfeaCr
hydrostatic ^haidra'staetik [-s -s |-al -1 |-ally
-h, -ikh
hydrosulphide, -fide, ^haidro'sAlfaid, -fid
|-phid, -fid -fid
hydrosulphite jhaidro'sAlfait
hydrotherapeutics jhaidrOjOera'pjutiks, -'piu-
hydrous 'haidras
hydroxide hai'draksaid, -id; ES+-'drDks-;
l-id -id
hydroxyl hai'draksil; ES+-'drDk-
hydrozoan, H- ^haidra'zoan
hyena hai'ina
Hygeia hai'dgia
hygiene 'haidsin, 'haidgi^m
hygienic jhaid3i'£nik |-s -s |-al -1 ]-ally -li,
-ikh
hygienist 'haid3ianist
hygrometer hai'gramata'; ES -'gramata(r,
-'grom-
hygrometric jhaigraWetrik |-al -1 |-ally -li,
-ikh
hygroscope 'haigrajskop
hying ptc of hie 'haiirj
Hyksos 'hiksos, -sas; ES + -sds
|full ful [tooth tue [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
(using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan jEden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Hymen
212
Hymen, h- 'haiman
hymeneal ^haima'nial |-ly -i |-nean -'nian
hymenopterous jhaima'naptaras, -tras; ES +
-'nnp-
Hymettus hai'metas |-'s -iz
hymn him [hymned himd [hymning 'himii)
hymnal 'himnal |-nist -nist |-nody -nadi
hymnbook 'him^buk
hymnology him'naladsi; ES+-'nDl-
hyoid 'haiaid
Hypatia hai'pe/ia, -/a
hyperacid jhaipa^'aesid
hyperacidity jhaipara'sidati, -ae'sidati
hyperbola hai'pa^bala; ES -'ps-, -V^^-; I-s -z
hyperbole haiipyba^li, -li; ES -'ps-, -'py-;
|-s -z
hyperbolic jhaipy'balik; ES jhaipa'balik,
-'bol-; [-ally -li |-icly -ikli
hyperbolize hai^s^bajlaiz; ES -'p3-> -'py-;
|-s -IZ |-d -d
hyperborean, H- jbaipa^'borian, -'bar-; ES
jhaipa'bor-, E + -'bar-
hypercivilized jhaipa^'sivljaizd; ES jhaipa-
hypercritic ^haipa^'kritik; ES ^haipa-; |-al -|
|-ally -ji, -ikli |-ticism -tajSizam
hyperfunction jhaipa^'fAijkXan; ES jhaipa-
Hyperion haiVinan
hyperopia jhaipa^'opia
hypersensitive jhaipa^'sensativ; ES jhaipa-;
|-vity -jS2nsa'tivati
hyperthyroidism jhaip^'Oairaidjizam; ES
jhaipa-
hj^ertrophy hai'pytrafi; ES -'p3-, -V^'-;
|-phied -fid
hyphen 'harfan j-ed -d |-ate -jCt |-ated -jctid
hyphenize 'haifaiijaiz [-s -iz |-d -d
hypnosis hipWsis [-noses -'noslz
hypnotic hip'natik; ES-i--'nDt-; [-ally -li,
-ikh
hypnotism 'hipna^tizam |-tist -tist
hypnotize 'hipna^taiz [-s -iz [-d -d
hypo 'haipo
hypochondria ^haipa'kandna, ^hip-; ES-i-
-'knn-; [-driac -drijaek
hypocrisy hi'pokrasi; ES + -'pDk-
hypocrite 'hipa^krit
hypocritical jhipa'kritikl [-ly -i, -ikli
hypodermic jhaipa'dymik; ES -Mam-,
-'dym-; [-ally -li, -ikli
hypogene 'hipajdjin, 'haipa-
hypophosphate jhaipa'fasfet; ES+-'fDs-;
|-phite -fait
hypophosphorous jhaipa'fasfaras; ES+-'fDS-
hyposulphite ^haipa'sAlfait
hyposulphurous ^haipa'sAlfaras, -SAl'fju-,
-'fiu-
hypotenuse, -poth- hai'patrijus, -jius, -jus,
-z; ES+-VDt-; [-s -iz
hypothecate hai'paGajket; ES-f-'pnG-; |-d -id
hypothecation haijpaea'ke/an; ES-h-iPoG-
hypothesis hai'paOasis; ES-i--'pdG-; |-ses
-jsiz
hypothesize hai'paOajsaiz; ES+-'pDe-; |-s -iz
l-d-d
hypothetic jhaipa'OEtik |-al -1 [-ally -li, -il:!i
hyrax, H- 'hairaeks [-es -iz [-races -ra^siz
Hyrcania hy'kenia; ES hs-, hy-; |-n -n
hyson 'haisn
hyssop ^hisap
hysteresis ,hista'risis
hysteretic ^histaVrtik [-ally -li, -ikli
hysteria his'tiria, less freq. his'teria
hysteric bis'tsrik |-s -s |-al -1 j-ally -li, -ikli
hythe, H- haitS
I, i letter ai \pl I's, Is, poss I's aiz
I pro stressed 'ai, ^ai; unstr. ai, 3i, familiar a
i-, -i- I, a — The non final unaccented vowel
spelt i and originally pron. i shoivs a tendency
in innumerable words of normal conversation
. to he obscured in the direction of the sound a,
as in possible 'pasabl, divide daVaid. As a
rule only one pronunciation (a or i) is shown
in the vocab. The alternative pron. with i is
permissible if it does not sound artifi-cial (as
it woidd in possible) , or with a if it does not
sound slovenly (as it would in sluggish).
But such judgments depend somewhat on
habit, and as regional practice varies con-
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi jpity 'piti (§6) [rate ret \ytt jet [sang saeg [angry 'aeg-gri
[bath baeO; E bae (§10) |ah a [far far [watch wat/, wntj (§12) jjaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
213
ideography
siderably, only an enlightened judgment and
ichneumon ik'njuman, -'niu-, -'nu-
observation can decide.
ichor 'aikor, -ka^; ES 'aik33(r, 'aik3(r
-ia ending (mania) , -ia- plus consonant (trivial,
ichthyologic ^ikGis'ladsik; ES + -'lDd5-; |-al -1
ruffian), -ie- plus cons, (alien), -io (Bas-
|-ally -li, -ikli
sanio), -io- plus cons, (scorpion), -ious
ichthyologist jikOi'aladsist; ES-t--'Dl-; |-gy
(tedious), -ius (radius). These and similar
-d5i
combinations of unstressed i plus vowel
ichthyosaur 'ikGiajSar; ES -jS33(r
regularly have double prons. la &" ja. In
ichthyosaurus, I- jikOia'saras |-es -iz |-ri -rai
the vocab. usually the one believed to be most
icicle 'aijsikl, 'aisikl |-d -d
common in ordinary speech is given, with
icily 'aisli, 'aisili
the understanding that the other pron. is also
icing 'aisig
more or less common.
Ickes 'ikis, -as, -iz [-'s -iz
lachimo 'jakijmo; so Shak.; mod.+3a}sek^ imo
icon 'aikan, -knn |-s -z |-es 'aika,niz
lago I'ago
iconoclasm ai^kana^klaezam; ES-h-'knn-;
-ial see -ia
1-clast -iklaest
iamb 'aiaemb |-ic ai'aembik
iconoclastic ai,kana'klaestik, ^aikana-; ES-i-
iambus ai'aembas |-es -iz |-bi ai'aembai
-on-; |-ally -li, -ikh
-ian see -ia
iconography ^aikan'ografi, -'ng-
iarovize 'jara^vaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
icosahedron jaikosa'hidran |-dra -dra
Iberia ai'biria |-ian -lan
ictus 'iktas |-es -iz
ibex, I- 'aibeks |-es -iz |ibices 'ibi^siz, 'ai-
icy 'aisi
ibidem abbr. ibid, i^baidem, 'ibid, 'aibid
I'd abbr. spelling of I had, I would, stressed
ibis 'aibis |-es -iz
'aid, jaid; unstr. aid, aid, occas. ad
-ibie see -able
Idaho 'aida^ho, 'aidi^ho |-an -an
Ibsen 'ibsn
idea ai'dia, ai'dia, occas. by sentence rhythm
-ically ending of advs to words in -ic (comic) or
'aidia
in -ical (radical), pron. -ik-l-i ('raedik-l-i)
ideal ai'dial, ai'dil, ai'dial |-ism -jizam |-ist
or -ik'h ('raedik-b). The pron. ivith -ik-li
-ISt
is very common colloquially, and in a good
idealistic jaidial'istik, -dial-, ai^d- |-al -1
many ivords is recognized by the spelling,
1 ally -li, -ikh
which usually lags behind pronunciation;
ideality jaidi'aelati
as in authentically, -thenticly, cubically.
idealization ai,diala'zeXan, -jdial-, -ai'z-
-icly, heroically, -icly, rustically, -icly,
idealize ai'dialjaiz, ai'dial- |-s -iz |-d -d
specifically, -icly, symbolically, -icly, ty-
ideate n ai'diit, -et
rannically, -icly, etc.
ideate v ai'diet, -'diet |-d -id
Icarian I'kerian, I'ker-
ideation ^aidi'ejan
Icarus 'ikaras, 'ai- |-'s -iz
ideatum jaidi'etam |-ta -ta
ice ais |ices 'aisiz |iced aist
idem 'aidem
iceberg 'aiS/byg; ES -ibsg, -jbyg
idempotent ai'dtmpatant
iceboat 'aisjbot
Iden 'aidn
icebound 'aiSjbaund
identic ai'dentik |-al -1 [-ally -|i, -ikli
icebox 'aiSjbaks; ES + -jbDks; [-es -iz
identification aijdentafa'kejan
ice cream 'ais'krim
identify ai'denta^fai j-fied -jfaid
ice-cream 'ais%rim ('ice-'cream jcone, 'ice-
identity ai'dentati
jcream 'soda)
ideogram 'idia^graem, 'aidia-
icehouse 'aiSjhaus |-ses -ziz
ideograph 'idia^graef, 'aidia-; E-t--jgraf,
Iceland 'aisland |-ic ais'laendik
-iirai
iceman 'aiSjmaen, -man |-men -jinEn, -man
ideographic jdia'graefik, ^aidia-
Ichabod 'ika^bad, -jbod
ideography ,idi'agrafi, ^aidi-, -'og-
|full ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fy'Sa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzio [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
ideology
214
illume
ideology ^aidi'abdsi, jid-; ES + -'d1-
ileum 'iliam [ileac, iliac 'ilijaek
ides aidz
ilex, I- 'aikks |-es -iz
id est 'that is' ^id'est
Ilfracombe 'ilfra/kum, jilfra'kum
idiocy 'idiosi
iliac 'ihjaek = ileac
idiom 'idiam
Iliac 'of Ilium' 'ili^aek
idiomatic /idia'maetik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
Iliad 'ibad
idiosyncrasy jidia'smkrasi, -'siij-
Ilion 'iban |Ilium 'ibam
idiosyncratic ^idiosm'kraetik |-al -I |-ally -h.
ilium 'ibam
-ikh
ilk ilk
idiot 'idiat |-ism -jizam
iUiI
idiotic ;idi'atik; ES + 'Wik; |-al -1 |-ally -h.
I'll ahhr. spelling o/ 1 will ail — not a contraction
-ikh
of I shall (= 'aijl) but often suhstittited for it
idle 'aidj |-d -d j-ling ^aidliij, -dlig \-r -dla^;
ill-advised 'ibd'vaizd |-sedly -zidb
ES -dl9(r; |-st -dhst
illation I'le/an [illative 'ibtrv
idly 'aidli
ill-boding 'il'bodig
idol 'aidl |-ed -d ]-ing 'aidlig
ill-bred 'il'bred
idolater ai'dabta^; ES ai'dabtaCr, -MdI-;
illegal I'Hgl, il'lJgl l-ly -i
|-tress -tris |-try -tri
illegality jili'ga;bti
idolization jaidja'zejan, -ai'z-
illegibility jikdsa'bibti, ^ilkds-, ijrds-
idolize 'aidljaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
illegible I'kdsabl, il'kds- |-bly -bb
Idomeneus ai'daman jus, -m3inius, -majnus;
illegitimacy jib'djitamasi, jilb- [-mate -mit
ES + -'dDm-; |-'s -iz
ill-fated 'il'fetid ('ill-^fated 'project)
Idumaea, -mea jidju'inia, ^aid-, -du- |-n -n
ill-favored 'il'feva^d; ES -'fevad
Idun 'idun = Ithunn
ill-gotten 'il'gatn; ES-f-'gntn
idyl, -11 'aidl
ill-humor 'il'juma', -'bjuma^, -'hiu-; ES -ma(r;
idyllic ai'dikk |-al -1 |-ally -h, -ikh
l-ed -d
-ie ending see -y
illiberal I'bbaral, I'bbral, il'l- |-ly -i
-iel ending see -ia
iUiberality jibba'raebti, jillib-
-ien ending see -ia
illicit I'bsit, il'bs-
if if, f
illimitable I'bmitabl, il'bm- ]-bly -bb
igloo ^iglu
illinium I'lmiam
Ignatius Loyola ig'ne/as bi'ob, b'job
Illinoian ,ib'naian
igneous 'ignias
Illinois jib'nai, -'n3iz |-nois's -'naiz, -'naiziz
ignescent ig'nEsnt
— jib'naiz, not infrequent generally, is esp.
ignis fatuus. 'ignis 'f set Juas [ignes fatui 'igniz-
common in the S.
'faet/ujai
Illinoisan jib'naian, -'naizan
ignite ig'nait |-d -id |-nition ig'ni/an
illiteracy I'btarasi, il'lit- |-rate -nt, -trit
ignoble ig'nobl |-bly -bli
ill-looking 'il'lukiij
ignominious jigna'minias
ill-mannered 'il'maena^d; ES -'maenad
ignominy 'ignajmnii
ill-natured 'il'netja^d; ES -'net/ad
ignoramus jigna'remas |-es -iz
illness 'ilnis |-es -iz
ignorance 'ignarans |-rant -rant
illogical i'lad3ikl, il'l-; ES + -'lod3-; [-ly -i.
ignore ig'nor, -'nor; ES ig'no3(r, E + -'n33(r;
-ikb
l-d-d
ill-omened 'il'omind, -mand
Igorot jiga'rot, ^I- {Sp ^iga'rrote)
ill-starred 'il'stard; ES -'sta:d, E + -'sta:d .
Igraine I'gren
ill-tempered 'il'tempa-d; ES -'tempad
iguana I'gwana
ill-timed 'il'taimd ('ill-jtimed 'start)
il- 'not'' see in- prefix
ill-treat il'trit |-ed -id
11 Duce il'dutji {It il'du:t/e)
illume I'lum, I'lium |-d -d
Key: See in f nil §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saerj |angr}- 'aeij-gri
|bath baeG; E baO (§10) |ah a [far far [watch watj, wotj (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards |go go
iliuminant
215
immorality
iliuminant i^lumsnant, I'hum-
imbroglio im'broljo (It im'braXXo)
illuminate I'lumajnet, I'lium- |-d -id
imbrue im'bru, -'briu |-d -d
illuminati, I- i/luma'netai, ijlumi'nati, ijliuin-
imbrute im'brut, -'briut |-d -id
illumination ijluma'ne/an, ijium-
imbue im'bju, -'biu |-d -d
illuminative I'lumajnetiv, i 'hum-
imid 'imid |imide 'imaid, 'imid
illuminator I'luma^neta^, I'lium-; ES -t3(r
imidogen I'midadsan, I'mida-, -dsm
illumine I'lumin, I'liunun |-d -d
imine I'min
ill-usage 'il'jusidj, -'juz- [-s -iz
imi table 'imitabl
ill-use n 'il'jus |-s -iz
imitate 'ima^tet [-tated -jtetid ]-tive -iv
ill-use V il'juz |-s -IZ |-d -d
imitation jima'te/an
illusion i'lu53n, I'liugan |-ed -d
imitator 'ima^teta^; ES -jteta(r
illusive I'lusiv, I'liusiv |-sory -sari
immaculate I'maekjaht
illustrate 'ibstret, I'Ustret |-d -id
immane I'men
illustration jibs'trejan, ijlAs'trefan
immanence 'imanans |-nent -nant
illustrative I'lAstrativ, 'ibs^tretiv, I'Usjtretiv
Immanuel I'maenjual
illustrator 'ibsjtreta', I'lASjtreta'; ES -t3(r
immaterial ^ima'tinal |-ly -i |-ism -^izam
illustrious I'lAstnas
immateriality jimajtin'aebti
illy subsiattdard for adv ill 'ih
immature ,ima'tur, -'tiur, -'tjur; ES -a(r;
Illyria I'liria |-n -n
|-rity -ati
Ilokano jilo'kano
immeasurable I'mesrabl, im'm-, -'mesara-
11 Penseroso jilpensaVoso (It il^pense'roiso)
l-bly -bk
I'm abbr. spelling of I am, stressed 'aim, ^aim;
immediacy I'midiasi
unstr. aim, occas. am
immediate I'midiit, esp. C I'midjat
im- 'not' see in- prefix
immemorial ^ima'morial, jiimna-, -'mar-; S
image 'imids |-s -iz ]-d -d
-'mor-; |-ly -i
imagery 'iimdsri, -dsari
immense I'mens |-sity -ati
imaginable i'maed3in3bl, i'ma2d3n3bl |-bly
immerse I'mTs; ES I'mss, I'mys; [-s -iz |-d -t
-bh
immersion I'my/an; ES I'ms/-, I'msJ"-
imaginary I'maedsa^nEri
immigrant 'imagrant, -/graent
imagination i^maedsa'neXan |-tive I'maedga-
immigrate 'ima,gret |-d -id |-tion jima'gre/an
jnetiv
imminence 'imanans |-nent -nant
imagine I'maedgin |-d -d
immiscible I'misabl |-bly -bli
imagist 'im3d3ist |-gism -jdsizam
immitigable I'mitagabl |-bly -bli
imago I'mego \pl -s -z |imagines I'maedsi^niz
immix im'miks |-es -iz j-ed -t
imam I'mam |imaum I'mam, I'mom
immixture im'mikst/a^; ES -'mikstja(r
imbalm im'bam; E + -'bam; |-ed -d
immobile I'mobl, im'm-, -bil, -bil
imbark im'bark; ES -'ba:k, E+-'ba:k; |-ed -t
immobility jimo'bibti, jmmo-
imbecile 'imbasl, -jsil |-lity /imba'sibti
immobilization i^mobla'ze/an, im^mo-, jimob-.
imbed im'bed | -bedded -'bedid
jimmob-, -ai'z-
imbibe im'baib |-bibed -'baibd
immobilize i'mobl,aiz, im'mo- [-s -iz [-d -d
imbitter im'bita^; ES -'bit3(r; |-ed -d
immoderate I'madarit, im'mad-, -drit; ES-t-
imbody im'badi; ES+-'bDdi; |-died -did
- 'mod-
imbolden im'boldn |-ed -d |-ing -'boldnig.
immodest I'madist, im'mad-; ES-f-'mod-;
-'boldmo
l-y-i
imbosom im'buzam, -'buzam [-ed -d
immolate 'ima^let |-d -id |-tion jima'le/an
imbower im'baua^; ES -'bau»3(r
immolator 'ima^leta^; ES -,leta(r
imbricate adj 'imbrikit, -^ket
immoral I'maral, im'm-, -'mar-, -'mor- |-ly -i
imbricate v 'imbn^ket \- d -id
immorality jima'raebti, -ma-, -ma-, -mo-.
imbrication jimbri'kejan
-mo-
|full ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fySa^; ES 'fstfa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'vijan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
immortal
216
impersonality
immortal I'martl; ES I'maatl
impeach im'pit/ |-es -iz [-ed -t
immortality jimDr'taebti; ES jimD'taebti
impeachability jimpit/a'bilati, im^plt/a
-
immortalize I'martljaiz; ES I'maatl-; |-s -iz
impeachable im'pitjabl
l-d-d
impearl im'pyl; ES im'psl, -'pyl; |-ed
-d
immortelle jimar'tel; ES jimaa'tel
impeccabihty ^impEka'bilati, im^pek-
immovability i^muva^bibti, inijmuv-, jimuv-.
impeccable im'pEkabl -bly -bh
jimmuva-
impecuniosity ^impijkjuni'asati, -jkiuni-;
immovable I'muvabl, im'muv- |-bly -bli
ES-i--'ds-
immune I'mjun, I'nuun |-nity -ati
impecunious jimpi'kjunias, -'kiun-
immunization jimjuna'zejan, -ai'z-
impede im'pid |-d -id |-dance -'pidns
immunize 'imjainaiz, -ju- |-s -iz |-d -d
impediment ira'pedamant
immunology jimjs'naladsi, -ju-; ES + -'nDl-
impedimenta jimpeda'mEnta, im,p£d-
immure I'mjur, I'miur; ES -3(r; |-d -d
impedimentary imjpEda'mEntari, -tn
immutability ijmjuta'bilati, -^miut-, jimjut-.
impel im'pEl |-pelled -'peld
jimiut-, jimra-
impend im'pend |-ed -id
immutable I'mjutabl, I'mnit- |-bly -bli
impenetrability jimpenatra'bilati, im^pen-
Imogen 'im3d3m, -an [-gene -jdsln
impenetrable imVenatrabl -bly -bh
imp imp limped impt
impenitence im'p£natans |-tent -tant
impact n 'impaekt
imperative im'perativ
impact V im'paekt |-pacted -'paektid
imperator jimpa'reta^; ES -Veta(r
impair im'pEr, -'paer; E -'p£3(r, ES -'paEa(r;
imperatorial jimpera 'tonal, im^pEra-,
-'tar-;
l-ed -d
S -'tor-
impale im'pe! |-d -d
imperceptibility jmpa'jsepta'bilati; ES
jimpa-
impalpability jmpaelpa'bilati, im^pael-
imperceptible jimpa^'septabj; ES j
impa-;
impalpable imVaelpabl |-bly -bli
l-bly -bh
impanel im'paenl -ed -d
imperceptive jimpa^'sEptiv; ES jimpa-
imparadise im'paerajdais |-s -iz |-d -t
imperfect im'pyfikt; ES -'psf-, -'ps^f-
impark im'park; ES im'pa:k, E+-'pa:k;
imperfection jimpa^'fEkJan; ES ^impa-
l-ed -t
imperforate adj, n im'ps^farit; ES
-W-.
impart imVart; ES -'pa:t, E+-'pa:t; [-ed -id
-'ps^f-
impartation jimpar He/an; ES -pa:-, E 4- -par-
imperforated im'pyfajretid; ES -'paf-.
-'pyf-
impartial im'parfal; ES -'pa:j3l» E + -'pa:j3l"»
imperial im'pirial |-ly -i
l-ly -I
imperialism im'pirial^izam |-ist -ist
impartiality jimparlfaelati, -Ji'ael-; ES -pa-.
imperialistic imipinal'istik [-ally -h, -i
kh
E + -pa-
imperil im'pEral, -il |-ed -d
impassability jimpaesa'bilati, im^paes-; E-t-
imperious im'pirias
-pas-, -jpas-, -pas-, -jpas-
imperishability ,impEriJa'bilati, imjpEi
'-
impassable imVaesabl; E-i--'pas-, -'pas-;
imperishable im'psnjab}, |-bly -bh
l-bly -bh
imperium im'piriam |-ria -na
impasse im'paes, 'impaes; E-i--a-, -a- |-s -iz
impermanent ira'pymanant; ES -
'p3m-.
{Fr x\a:%)
-'pym-
impassible im'paesabl |-bly -bh
impermeability jimpymia'bilati, inijpym-;
impassionate adj im'paeXanit
ES -3-, -y-
impassionate v im'paeXanjet |-d -id
impermeable im'pymiabl; ES -'psm-, -'
pym-;
impassioned im'pae/and
l-bly -bh
impassive im'pajsiv |-sivity jimpas'sivati
impersonal im'pysnl, -'pysnal; ES
-'p3S-,
impaste im'pest |-d -id
-'pys-; |-ly -I
impatience im'pefans |-tient -/ant
impersonality ^imps'sn'aelati, nn^pys
-; ES
impavid im'paevid
-3-, -3^-
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi jpity 'piti (§6) |rate ret jyet JEt |sang saeij Iangr>^ 'aerj-gri
|bath baeO; E baG (§10) |ah a jfar far jwatch watj", ^votj" (§12) jjaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
impersonate
217
impressive
impersonate irnVs'sn^et; ES -'p3s-, -'pys-;
l-d -id
impersonation jimpysn'e/an, ini/pys-; ES
-3-, -y-
impertinence ira'pytnans; ES -'pat-, -'pyt-;
|-s -iz |-tinent -tnant
imperturbability jimpa^jtyba'bilati; ES -pa-
jtsb-, -p3jtyb-
imperturbable jimpa^'tybabl; ES -pa'tsb-,
-pa'tyb-; |-bly -bli
imperturbation jimpyta^'be/an; ES -pata-,
-pyta-
impervious im'pyvias; ES -'psv-, -'p^'v-
impetigo jimpi'taigo
impetuosity jimpet/u'asati, im^pEt-; ES +
-'ds-
impetuous ira'pet/uas
impetus ^mpatas |-es -iz
Impey 'impi |-an -an
impiety imVaiati | impious 'impias
impinge im'pmds |-s -iz [-d -d
impish 'impij"
implacability jimpleka'bilati, im^plek-, -laek-
implacable im'plekabl, -'plaek- |-bly -bh
implant im'pl«nt; E + -'plant, -'plant; |-ed -id
implausible im'pbzabl |-bly -bh
implead im'plid |-ed -id
implement 7t 'implamant
implement v 'impla^mEnt |-ed -id
implemental ^impla'mentl
implementation jimplamen'te/an
implicate adj 'imphkit
implicate v 'imph;ket |-d -id
implication jimpb'ke/an |-tive 'implijketiv
implicit im'pbsit
implore im'plor, -'pbr; ES -'ploa(r, E +
-'plaa(r; |-d -d
imply im'plai |-plied -'plaid |-pliedly -'plai-
idli
impolite jimpa'lait
impolitic ira'pala^tik; ES + -'pd1-
imponderability jimpandara'bilati, im^pan-;
ES+ -Dn-
imponderable im'pandarabl; ES + -'pDn-;
l-bly -bk
import ti 'import, -part; ES -poat, E + -paat
import V im'port, -'part; ES -'poat, E + -'paat;
|-ed -id — acc^ + 'import, esp. in contrast to
export, V.
mportance im'partns; ES -'paatns; |-tant
-tnt
mportation jimpor'tejan, -par-; ES -poa-,
E+-paa-
mportunate adj im'part/anit; ES -'paa-
mportunate v ira'part/a^net; ES -'paa-; \-d
-id
mportune adj, v jimpa^'tjun, -'tiun, -'tun,
im'part/an; ES jimpa-, im'paat/-; |-d -d
mportunity jimpa^'tjunati, -'tiun-, -'tun-; ES
jimpa-
mpose im'poz |-s -iz |-d -d |-sing -ig
mposition jimpa'zi/an
mpossibility jimpasa'bilati, im^pas-; ES +
-DS-
mpossible im'pasabl; ES + -'pDS-; |-bly -bb
mpost 'impost |-ed -id
mpostor im'pasta^; ES -'pasta(r, -'pns-
mpostume im'past/um; ES + -'pDS-
mposture im'past/a^; ES -'pastXa(r, -'pos-
mpotence 'impatans |-tent -tant
mpound im'paund |-ed -id |-age -ids
mpoverish im'pavarij", -vrij"; ES + -'pDV-;
|-es -IZ |-ed -t
mpracticability jimpraektika'bilati, im^praek-
mpracticable im'praektikabi |-bly -bh
mpractical im'praektikl
mpracticality jimpraekti'kaelati, im^praek-
mprecate 'impri^ket |- d -id
mprecation ^impri'ke/an
mprecatory 'imprika^tori, -;tari; S -jtori
mpregnability jimpregna'bilati, im^preg-
mpregnable im'pregnabl |-bly -bh
mpregnate adj im'prEgnit
mpregnate v im'pregnet |-d -id
mpregnation jimprEg'neJan
mpresario jimpri'sarijO
mprescriptible jimpri'skriptabi |-bly -bh
mpress w 'imprES |-es -iz
mpress v im'pres |-es -iz |-ed -t [-edly -idh
mpressibility jimptEsa'bilati, im^prES-
mpressible im'prEsabl |-bly -bh
mpression im'prs/an |-al -1 [-ally -h
mpressionability imjpre/ana'bilati, -Jna-
mpressionable im'preXanabl, -/na- |-bly -bh
mpressionism im'prejanjizam |-ist -ist
mpressionistic inijprE/an'istik |-ally -li,
-ikli
mpressive im'presiv
|full ful [tooth tue [further 'fytJa^; ES 'faSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredj [keep 'em 'kipm
imprest
218
inartistic
imprest adj, n 'imprest
imprest v im'prest j-prested -'prestid
imprimatur jimpri'meta^; ES -'met3(r
imprimis im'praimis
imprint n 'imprint
imprint v im'print |-ed -id
imprison im'prizn |-ed -d |-ing -'pnznig,
-znig
improbability jimpraba'bilati, im^pr-; ES +
-rob-
improbable im'prababi; ES+-'pn)b-; |-bly
-bh
improbity im'probati, -'prabati; ES+-'pnjb-
impromptu im'pramptu, -tiu, -tju; ES +
-'promp-
improper im'prapa^; ES -'prap3(r, -'prnp-
impropriety jimpra'praiati, jimpa'praiati — In
jimpa'praiati r is lost by dissimilation
{§121).
improvability iiiijpruva'bilati
improvable im'pruvabl |-bly -bb
improve im'pruv |-d -d
improvidence im'pravadans; ES+-'prDV-;
|-nt -nt
improvisation jimpravai'zefan, -prava'ze-;
ES 4- -prov-
improvise 'imprajvaiz, jimpra'vaiz |-s -iz j-d
-d |-visedly -'vaizidb
imprudence im'prudns, -'priud- |-dent -dnt
impudence 'impjadans, -pju- |-dent -dant
impugn im'pjun, -'piun |-ed -d |-er -3'; ES
-3(r; |-able -abj |-bly -bh
impugnable 'unconqueyable' im'pAgnabl
impuissance im'pjuisns, -'piu- j-sant -snt
impulse n 'impAls ]-s -iz
impulse v im'pAls [-s -iz |-d -t
impulsion im'pAlJan j-sive -siv
impunity im'pjunati, -'piun-
impure im'pjur, -'piur; ES -a(r; |-rity -ati
imputability inijpjuta'bilati, -^piut-, jimp-
imputable im'pjutabl, -'piut- |-bly -bli
imputation ^impju'te/an
impute im'pjut, -'piut |-d -id
in adj, adv in
in prep stressed 'in, ^in; unstr. in, n (cut in two
'kAtn'tu), occas. nonsyllahic n before the
article a a (I'm in a hurry jaimna'hs'i,
He'll go in a minute bil'gona'minit)
in- prefix. In words like inactive, ivhere in-
means 'not,' and the second part clearly has
its separate meaning, the in- just before the
main accent has a slight stress that could be
marked thus: jin'aektiv, or under emphasis
even 'in'aektiv. But if the second part does
not show a clear meaning, being fused with
the in- into a sim-ple word, as insipid in-
'sipid, then the in- is quite stressless. Since
with different speakers and styles of speech
there are all grades between no stress and full
stress, it is not feasible to m^rk this accent,
though it often exists in speech. The same
statements apply to the variants il- and im-.
nabiHty jina'bdati
n absentia ^inab'sEnJia
naccessibility jinak,s8sa'bilati, ^maek-
naccessible ^inak'sEsabl, jinaek- |-bly -bh
naccuracy in'jekjarasi [-rate -nt
naction in'aek/an |-active -'jektrv
nactivity ^inaek'tivati
nadequacy in'aedakwasi |-quate -kwit
nadmissibility jinadjnusa'bilati
nadmissible jinad'nusabi |-bly -bh
nadvertence jinad'vytns; ES -'vat-, -'vyt-;
|-cy -I |-ent -tnt
nadvisability jinad^vaiza'bdati
nadvisable jinad'vaizabl [-bly -bh
nalienability jineljana'bilati, injcljan-, -han-
nalienable in'eljanabi, -'ehan- |-bly -bh
nalterable in'aharabi |-bly -bh
namorata injaema'rata, jinaem-
nane in'en
nanimate in'aBnamit
nanity in'aenati [inanition jina'ni/an
nappeasable yina'pizabl
napplicability jinaephka'bilati, in^aep-
napplicable in'aephkabl |-bly -bh
napposite in'aepazit
nappreciable ;ina'pri/iabl |-bly -bh
nappreciative ^ina'pri/ijCtiv
napproachabiHty ^ina/prot/a'bilati
napproachable ^ina'prot/abl |-bly -bh
nappropriate jina'propnit
napt in'aept
naptitude in'aeptajtjud, -;tiud, -^tud
narm m'arm; ES -'a:m, E + -'a:m; |-ed -d
narticulate /inar'tikjaht; ES -a-, E + -a-
nartistic ^inar'tistik; ES -a:'tis-, E-)--a:'tis-;
l-al -! l-ally -li, -ikh
Key: See in fidl §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret [j'et jet [sang saerj |angr}- 'aeo'g"
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dja Igorge gard5 |go go
inasmuch
219
incompact
inasmuch jinaz'mAt/
inch intj [inches 'int/iz [inched int/t
inattention ^ma 'ten/an |-tive -tiv
Inchbald 'mt/bald
inaudibility jinoda'bibti, inpd-
inchoate adj in'kcit
inaudible in'odabl |-bly -bli
inchoate v 'inko^et [-d -id
inaugural in'agjaral, inbgaral
inchworm 'intJ'jWS'ni; ES -^wam, -^ws^m
inaugurate inbgja^ret, -'aga- |-d -id
incidence 'insadans [-dent -dant
inauguration inpgja're/an, -pga-
incidental jinsa'dentl |-Iy -i
inauspicious jina'spi/ss
incinerate in'smajret [-d -id |-tor -a^; ES -a(r
inboard 'in^bord, -^bard; ES -^boad, E +
incipience in'sipians [-cy -i |-ent -ant
-^baad
incipit 'here begins' 'insipit
inborn m'barn; ES -'baan; ('in^born ^ace)
incise in'saiz [-s -iz |-d -d
inbound 'in'baund ('in^bound 'ship)
incision in'sisan
inbreathe in'bri'S |-d -d
incisive in'saisiv, -ziv
inbred adj in'bred ('injbred 'tact)
incisor in'saiza^; ES -'saiza(r
inbreed in'brid |-bred -'bred
incite m'sait |-d -id [-tation jinsai'te/an
Inca 'igka
incivility ^insa'vilati
incalculability jinkaelkjala'bilatr, in^kael-
inclemency in'kkmansi [-clement -'kkmant
incalculable in'ktelkjalabl |-bly -bh
incHnable in'klainabl
incandesce ^inkan'des, -kaen- |-s -iz |-d -t
inclination ^inkla'nejan
incandescence ^inkan'desns )-cy -i |-nt -nt
incline n 'inklain, in'klain
incantation jinkaen'te/an
incline v in'klain |-d -d
incapabiHty /inkepa'bilati, in^kep-
incUnometer jnkli'namata'; ES -'namataCr,
incapable in'kepabl |-bly -bli
-'nnm-
incapacitate jinka'paesajtet ]-d -id |-ity -ti
inclose in'kloz |-s -iz [-d-d
incarcerate m'karsa^ret; ES -'ka:s-, E +
inclosure in'klosa';. ES -3a(r
-'ka:s-; |-d -id
include m'klud, -'kbud [-d -id
incarceration injkarsa're/an; ES -jka:s-.
inclusion in'klusan, -'kliu-
E+-ika:s-; ^ink-
inclusive m'klusiv, -'khu-, -ziv
incarnadine m'karnajdam, -dm; ES -'ka:-.
incog in'kag, -'kng
E+-'ka:-; |-d -d
incognito in'kagnijto, -'kng-
incarnate adj in'karnit, -net; ES -'ka:-.
incoherence jinko'hirans |-cy -i |-ent -ant
E + -'ka:-
incombustibility jinkanijbAsta'bilati
incarnate v in'kamet; ES -'ka:-, E + -'ka:-;
incombustible jinkam'bAstabl [-bly -bh
l-d -id
income 'in^kAm, 'ig^kAm
incarnation, I- jinkar'ne/an; ES -ka:-.
incoming 'in^kAmig
E+-ka:-
incommensurability jinka^mEnJara'bilati,
incase in'kes [-cases -'kesiz |-cased -'kest
-sara-
incaution in'kajan |-tious -/as
incommensurable (inka'ttienjarabl, -sara-
incendiary in'sendi^Eri |-arism -a^rizam
[-bly -bh
incense n 'insens \adj - d -t
incommensurate jinka'men/arit, -sarit
incense v in'sens |-s -iz [-d -t
incommode jinka'mod [-d -id [-dious -las
incentive in'sentiv
incommodity jinka'madati; ES+-'niDd-
incept in'sept |-ed -id
incommunicability jinkajmjunika'bilati.
inception in'sEp/an |-tive -tiv
-jiniun-
inceration jinsa'Tc/an
incommunicable jinka'mjunikabl, -'miun-
incertitude in'ss'tajtjud, -jtiud, -jtud; ES
[-bly -bh
-'s3t-, -'syt-
incommunicado ^inkajmjuni'kado, -^miun-
incessancy in'sEsnsi |-sant -snt
incommunicative /inka'injunajketiv, -'miun-
incest 'insest |-uous in'sEst/uas
incompact jnkam'paekt
[full ful [tooth tu6 [further 'fySa^; ES 'fstia [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy ti.
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipitt.
incomparability
220
inculcation
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with d in E and S
incomparability jinkampara'bilati, -pr3-, in-
jkam-
incomparable m'kamparab), -pra- |-bly -bli
incompatibility jinkaniipaeta'bilati
incompatible jinkam'paetabl |-bly -bli
incompetence in'kampatans |-cy -i |-tent
tant
incomplete ;inkam'plit I-pletion -^plijan
incompliance jinkam'plaians |-cy -i |-nt -nt
incomprehensibility jinkamprijhensa'bilati,
in/kam-
incomprehensible jinkampri'hensabl, in^kam-
|-bly -bli |-sive -siv
incompressible jinkam'prEsabl |-bly -bh
incomputable jinkam'pjutabi, -'pmt-
inconceivability ^inkaiijsiva'bilati
inconceivable jinkan'sivabl |-bly -bli
inconclusive ^inkan'klusiv, -'kliu-
inconformity jinkan'farmati; ES -^faamati
incongruence in'kaggruans |-ent -ant
incongruity ^inkag'gruati, -kag-, -n'gru-,
-'gnu-
incongruous in'kaogruas
inconsecutive jinkan'sskjativ
inconsequence in^kansa^kwEns |-quent -^kwent
inconsequential /inkansa'kwEn/al |-ly -i
inconsequentiality jinkansajkwEn/i'aelati, in-
jkan-
inconsiderable jinkan'sidarabl, -'sidra- |-bly
-bli
inconsiderate ^inkan'sidarit, -'sidrit
inconsideration jinkan,sida'reXan
inconsistence ^inkan'sistans |-cy -i |-nt -nt
inconsolability jinkanjsola'bilati
inconsolable jinkan'solabl |-bly -bli
inconsonance in'kansanans |-nant -nant
inconspicuous ^inkan'spikjuas
inconstancy in'kanstansi |-tant -tant
incontestable jinkan'testabl |-bly -bli
incontinence in'kantanans |-cy -i |-nt -nt
incontrollable jinkan'trolabl |-bly -bh
incontrovertability jinkantrajvyta'bilati, m-
jkan-; ES -jvat-, -jvyt-
incontrovertible jinkantra'vytabl, in^kan-;
ES -Vst-, -Vs't-; occi+in'contro avertible
I-bly -bli
inconvenience jinkanVinjans |-s -iz [-d -t [-nt
-nt
inconvertibility ^inkanjVS'-ta'bilati; ES -jVst-,
-jvyt-
inconvertible ^inkanVytabl; ES -Vst-, -Vyt-;
I-bly -bU
inconvincibility ,inkan;\insa'bilati
inconvincible jinkanVinsabI |-bly -bli
in-co-ordinate jinko'Drdnit; ES -badnit;
|-nated -dn^etid
in-co-ordination jinkoprdn'ejan; ES -padn-
'e/an
incorporable in'karparabl; ES -'kaap-
incorporate adj in'karparit, -prit; ES -'kaap-
incorporate v in'karpajtet; ES -'koap-; |-d -id
|-rative -jtetiv
incorporation in^karpa 're/an; ES -jkaap-;
jink-
incorporeal jinkar'porial, -'par-; ES jinka-
'porial, E + -'parial
incorporeity jinkarpa'riati; ES -kap-; in^k-
incorrect jinka'tekt ('incorrect 'answer)
incorrigibility ^inkandsa'bilati, m^kar-, -ar-,
-nr-
incorrigible in'karidsabl, -'kar-, -'kor- |-bly
-bh
incorrupt jinka'rApt |-ed -id
incorruptibility jinka^rApta'bilati
incorruptible jinka'rAptabl |-bly -bli
incorruption jinka'rAp/an
increase n 'inkris, 'igk- |-s -iz
increase v in'kris |-s -iz |-d -t |-dly -idli
increasingly in'krisir)li
incredibility jinkreda'bilati, in^kreda-
incredible in'kredabl |-bly -bh
incredulity jinkra'dulati, -'diul-, -'djul-
incredulous in'kredsalas
increment 'inkramant, 'igk- |-al jinkra'm£ntl
incriminate in'krimajnet |-d -id
incrimination injkrima'ne/an, jinkrima-
incriminator in'krimajneta'; ES -jneta(r
incriminatory in'krimanajtori, -jtari; S -jtori
incrust in'krAst |-ed -id
incrustation jinkrAs'te/an
incubate 'inkjajbet, 'igk- |-d -id
incubation jinkja'bejan, jigk-
incubator 'inkjajbeta^, 'igk-; ES -ta(r
incubus 'inkjabas, 'igk- |-es -iz |-bi -jbai
inculcate in'kAlket, 'inkAl^ket |-d -id
inculcation jinkAl'ke/an
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret Ij^et J2t [sang saeg Iangr>- 'aeg-gri
|bath baeG; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far Jwatch wat/, wotj" (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
inculpate
221
indignity
inculpate in'kAlpet, 'inkAljpet |-d -id
inculpation jinkAl'peJan
inculpatory in'kAlp9jtori, -ttsri; S -^tori
incult in'kAlt ('in^cult 'beard)
incumbency in'kAmbansi |-bent -bant
incumber in'kAmba'; ES -'kAmbaCr; |-ed -d
|-ing -'kAmbrig, -bang
incumbrance in'kAmbrans |-s -iz
incunabula jnkju'naBbjala \sg -lum -lam
incur in'ky; ES -'ksCr, -'ky; |-red -d
incurability ^inkjura'bilati, -kiur-, irijk-
incurable in'kjurabl, -'kiur- |-bly -bh
incuriosity jinkjuri'asati, -kiur-; ES+-'ds-
incurious in'kjurias, -'kiur-
incurrence in'kyans; ES -'karans, -'kArans,
-'kyans; |-s -iz
incursion in'kysan, -'ky/-; ES -'ks-, -'k?-
incursive in'kysiv; ES -'kss-, -'kys-
incurvate adj in'kyvit, -vet; ES -'ksv-, -'ka^v-
incurvate in'kyvet; ES -'ksv-, -'kyv-; |-d -id
incurvation jinks^Ve/an; ES -ks'v-, -ks^V-
incurve n 'in^ks^v; ES -jksv, -jkyv
incurve v in'kyv; ES -'ksv, -'kyv; |-d -d
incus 'igkas |-es -iz |-cudes in'kjudiz, -'kiu-
Ind 'India' ind, aind — The historical pron. is
aind, as in Chauc. and Shak.
indamin 'indamin |-mine -jinin, -mm
indebt in'det |-ed -id |-edness -idnis
indecency in'disnsi |-cent -snt
indecipherability .indijsaifra'bilati, -fara-
indecipherable jindi'saifrabl, -fara- [-bly -bli
indecision jindi'sisan |-cisive -'saisiv
indeclinable jindi'klainabl |-bly -bh
indecorous in'dekaras, jindi'koras; EN+
-'kar-
indecorum jindi'koram, -'kar-; S -'koram
indeed in'did, n'did, ew^//. + 'in'did ('jEsn-
'did)
indefatigability jindi^faetiga'bilati
indefatigable jindi'faetigabl |-bly -bh
indefeasible ^indi'fizabl |-bly -bh
indefensible jindi'fensabi |-bly -bh
indefinable jindi'fainabl |-bly -bh
indefinite in'dEfanit
indehiscence jindi'hisns | -scent -snt
indelibility iindela^bilati, inydel-
indelible ni'delab! |-bly -bh
indelicate in'dElakat, -kit |-cacy -kasi
indemnification nijdemnafa'ke/an
indemnify in'dEmna/fai |-fied -jfaid |-ity -ti
indemonstrable in'dEmanstrabj, ^indi'man-
strabl; ES+-'mDn-; |-bly -bh
indene 'indin
indent n in'dent, 'indent
indent v in'dent |-ed -id |-ation jinden'te/an
indention in'den/an
indenture in'dentja"-; ES -'dent/a(r; |-d -d
independence ;indi'p£ndans |-cy -i |-nt -nt
indescribable jindi'skraibabl |-bly -bh
indestructibility jindijStrAkta'bilati
indestructible jindi'sttAktabl |-bly -bh
indeterminable iindi'tyminabl; ES -'tsm-,
-'tym-; |-bly-bh
indeterminate ^indi'ts-manit; ES -'tsm-,
-'tym-
inde termination ^indijtyma'ne/an; ES -^tam-,
-itym-
indeterminism jindi'tymanjizam; ES -'t3m-,
-'tym-; |-ist -ist
index 'indeks |-es -iz [indices 'indajsiz |-ed -t
India 'india, 'indja |-n -n |-man -man |-men
-man
Indiana ;indi'aena — BBC indi'a:na is not Am.
Indianapolis jindian'asphs, -'aephs, -as |-'s -iz
Indianian jindi'aenian, -njan
Indie 'indik
indie 'indik |indican 'indikan
indicant 'indikant
indicate 'inda^ket [-d -id |-tion ^inda'kejan
indicative in'dikativ, -'dikitiv
indicator 'inda^keta^; ES -jketa(r
indices pi of index 'inda^siz
indict in'dait |-ed -id |-er, -or -a^; ES -a(r
indictable in'daitabl |-bly -bh
indictee jindait'i
indiction in'dik/an
indictment in'daitmant
Indies 'indiz, 'indiz
indifference in'difrans, -'difarans ]-nt -nt
indigence 'indadsans |-gent -dsant
indigene 'inda^dsin
indigenous in'didsanas
indigestibility jindajdsesta'bilati
indigestible jinda'dsestabl |-bly -bh
indigestion jinda'dsestjan
indign in'dain
indignant in'dignant |-gnation jindig'nejan
indignity in'dignati
|full ful [tooth tuO [further 'fy'Sa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
indigo
222
inebriacy
indigo 'indijgo |-digoid -di^gaid
Indo-Germanic (indodsa^^'maemk, -ds^-; ES
indigotin in'digatin, ^indi'gotin
-dsa-, -dss-, -dsy-
Indio 'indijO
indol 'indol, -dal, -dol |-dole -dol
indirect jinda'rekt |-rection -Vek/an
indolence 'indalans |-lent -bnt
indiscernible yindi'zynabl, -'syn-; ES -an-.
indomitable in'damatsbl; ES-h-'dnm-; |-bly
-yn-; |-bly -bh
-bh
indiscreet jindi'skrit |-scretion -'skreXan
Indonesian ^indo'niXan, -33n
indiscriminate ^indi'skrimanit
indoor 'in^dor, -/dar; ES -jdo3(r, E + -jd33(r
indiscrimination jindijskrima'ne/an
indoors n in'dorz, -'darz; ES -'doaz, E-i-
indispensability jindiyspensa'bibti
-'dD3Z
indispensable jindi'sp8ns3bl |-ljly -bli
indoors adj 'in^dorz, -jdarz; ES -^doazj
indispose jindi'spoz |-s -iz |-d -d
E + -jdD3Z
indisposition ^indispa'zi/an
indoors adv 'in'dorz, -'darz; ES -'doaz.
indisputability ^indijSpjuta'bibti, -^spiut-.
E + -'d33Z
m^dispjuta'bilati
indophenol jindo'finol, -nal, -nol
indisputable jindi'spjutabl, -'spiut-, in'dis-
indorse in'dars; ES -'daas; |-s -iz |-d -t
pjutabl |-bly -bh — Usage appears to he
indoxyl in'daksil; ES-f-'dok-
sensibly foUoidng the analogy 0/ dispute.
Indra 'indra
indissolubility jindijsalja'bilati, in^dislju-
indraft, -draught 'm^draeft; E+-jdraft, -^draft
'bibti; ES + -jSd1-
indrawn 'in'dran ('in;drawn 'breath)
indissoluble jindi'saljabl, in'disljubl; ES +
indubitable in'djubitabl, -'diu-, -'du- |-bly
-'sdI-; |-bly -bb
-bh
indistinct jindi'stiijkt
induce in'djus, -'dius, -'dus |-s -iz |-d -t
indistinguishability jindijstiijgwija'bilati
|-cible -abl |-dly -idh
indistinguishable jindi'stiggwijabl 1-bly -bh
induct in'dAkt |-ed -id |-ance -ans
indite in'dait |-d -id
inductile in'dAktl, -til
indium 'indiam
inductihty jindAk'tibti
individual jinda'vidsual, -dgul |-ly -i 1-ism
induction in'dAk/an |-tive -trv
-jizam |-ist -ist
inductivity jindAk'trvati
individualistic jinda^vidsual'istik, -d3ul-
inductor in'dAkta^; ES -'dAktaCr
|-ally -Ii, -ikh
indue in'dju, -'dm, -'du |-d -d
individuality jindajvidsu'aelati
indulge in'dAlds |-s -iz |-d -d
individualization jmdajvidsuala'zejan, -d5ul-,
indulgence in'dAldgans |-s -iz |-d -t |-nt -nt
-ai'z-
indulin 'indjuhn |-line -Jin, -hn
individualize jindaVidsual^aiz, -dsul- |-s -iz
indurate adj 'indjurit, -durit
l-d-d
indurate v 'indjujret, -du^ret |-d -id
indivisibility jindajViza'bibti
induration ^indju're/an, -du-
indivisible jinda'vizabl |-bly -bh
Indus 'indas |-'s -iz
Indo-Aryan 'indo'Erian, -W-, -W-, -rjan;
industrial in'dAstrial |-ly -i j-ism -jzam j-ist
S -'aer-, -'er-, -'ar-
-ISt
Indo-British 'indo'briti/
industrialization injdAstriala'ze/an, -ai'z-
Indo-Chinese 'indotJ"ai'niz
industrialize in'dAstrialjaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
indocile in'dasl, -sil; ES+-'dDS-
industrious in'dAstnas
indocility jindo'sibti
industry 'indastri, 'in^dAstri "~
indoctrinate in'daktrinjet; ES-h-Mok-; |-d
indwell in'dwel [-dwelt -'dwelt
-id
indweller 'in^dwela^; ES -jdwelaCr
indoctrination in^daktri'iiejan, jindak-; ES +
indwelling n 'in,dwEhg
-D-
inearth in'yO; ES -'36, -'yO; |-ed -t
Indo-European ^inda jura'pisn* jindo-
inebriacy in'ibrissi |-briant -briant
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angr}- 'asg-gri
|bath baeG; E baG (§10) |ah a [far far |watch wat/, wotj" (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge g3rd5 |go go
inebriate
223
infinitive
inebriate adj in'ibnit
inexpiable in'Ekspiabl |-bly -bli
inebriate n in'ibriit, -ifii
inexplainable jinik'splenabj
inebriate v in'ibriiet |-d -id
inexplicability injEkspIika'bilati, jinsks-
inebriation mjibri'e/an
inexplicable in'sksplikobj |-bly -bli — Brii
inebriety ^ini'braiati
occasional ^inik'splikabj seems to he gaining
inedibility jineda'bilati, injcda-
groiond here.
inedible lo'edabl
inexpressible ^inik'sprEsabl |-bly -bli
inedited in'editid
inexpressive jinik'sprESiv
ineducability jinedsaka'bilati, -dsu-
inexpugnable jnik'spAgnabl [-bly -bli
ineducable in'edsakabl, -A^v-
in extenso ^inik'stEnso
ineffability jiiiEfa'bibti, in^efa-
inextinguishable ^imk'stiggwijabl |-bly -bli
ineffable in'efabl |-bly -bli
in extremis ^imk'striniis
ineffaceable jina'fesabj |-bly -bli
inextricable in'Ekstrikabl |-bly -bh
ineffective jina'fsktiv
infallibility jinfaela'bilati, in^faela-
ineffectual jina'fekt/ual, -t/ul |-ly -i
infallible in'faelabl |-bly -bli
ineffectuality jinajfEkt/u'aebti
infamous 'infamas | infamy 'iiifami
inefficacious jinEfa'ke/as |-cacy in'efakasi
infancy 'infansi |-fant -fant
inefficience jina'fi/ons |-cy -i |-nt -nt
infanta in'faenta infante in'faente
inelastic jini'laestik
infanticide in'faenta^said
inelasticity jinilaes'tisati
infantile 'infan^tail, -tal, -til
inelegance in'sbgans |-s -iz |-cy -i |-nt -nt
infantine 'infan^tain, -tm
ineligibility jinekdsa'bibti, in^Elidsa-
infantry 'infantri |-man -man ]-men -man
ineMgible in'shdjabl |-bly -bli
infatuate in'faet/ujet |-d -id
ineluctable jini'lAktabl |-bly -bli
infatuation in^fastju'e/an
inept in'Ept
infeasible in'fizabi
ineptitude in'Eptajtjud, -jtiud, -^tud
infect in'fEkt |-ed -id
inequality jini'kwabti, -'kwol-
infection in'fEkJan |-tious -/as |-tive -tiv
inequitable in'skwitabl |-bly -bli |-ty -ti
infelicitous jinfa'lisatas |-ty -ti
ineradicable jim'raedikabl |-bly -bli
infelt 'in^fElt
inerrancy in'sransi |-rant -rant
infer mfe; ES -'f3(r, -'fy; |-red -d
inert in'yt; ES in'at, -'yt
inferable in'fyabl, 'infarabi; ES+-'f3rabl
inertia in'^/a; ES -'a/a, -'y/a
inference 'infarans |-s -iz
inescapable iina'skepabl |-bly -bli
inferential jinfa'rEn/al |-ly -i
in esse ih'esi
inferior in'firia'; ES -'firi'a(r
inessential jina's£nj"al
inferiority injfin'arati, -'ar-, -'nr-, jnfir-
inestimable in'sstamabl |-bly -bli
infernal in'fynl; ES -'fsnl, -'fynl; [-ly -i
inevitability ^inEvata'bilati, idjEv-
inferno, I- in'fyno; ES -'fane, -'fyno
inevi table in'svatabl |-bly -bli
inferrible m'fyabl; ES + -'f3rabl
inexact jinig'zaekt
infertile in'fytl, -til; ES -'fs-, -'fy-; l-ly -i
inexactitude jinig^zaekta^tjud, -^tiud, -^tud -
infertility jnfa^'tilati; ES jinfa-
inexcusable jinik'skjuzabl, -'skiuz- |-bly -bli
infest in'fEst |-ed -id |-ation jinfEs'te/an
inexhaustibility ^inigjzasta'bilati
infidel 'infadi |-delity ^infa'dElati
inexhaustible jinig'zastabj |-bly -bli
infield 'in^fild
inexorable m'Eksarabl |-bly -bh
infiltrate in'filtret |-d -id
inexpedience jinik'spidians |-cy -i |-nt -nt
infiltration jinfil'tre/an
inexpensive jimk'spEnsiv
infinite, I- 'infanit, worship occas. -^nait
inexperience jnik'spirians [-d -t
infinitesimal jinfina'tEsaml |-ly -i
inexpert jnik'spyt; ES -'spst, -'spyt; ('inex-
infinitival jnfina'taivl, in^fina- |-ly -i
jpert 'help)
infinitive in'finativ
|full ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fySa^; ES 'fstJa |custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau |toy tai
[using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij [vision Vi5an |Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
infinitude
224
ingratitude
infinitude in'finajtjud, -jtiud, -^tud
infusoria, I- jinfju'soria, -fiu-, -'soria; S
infinity in'finati
-'soria; |-1 -1 |-n -n
infirm in'fym; ES -'fsm, -'fym; |-ary -an, -n
-ing ending of pres ptc b' verbal n, pronounced
|-ity -3ti
-ig, -g, -in, -an, n. Syllabic -g frequeiitly
infix n 'in^fiks |-es -iz
replaces -ig after a k or g sound, as making
infix V in'fiks |-es -iz |-ed -t
'mekig, 'mekg, or dragging 'draegig.
inflame in'flem |-d -d |-dly -idli
'draegg. The pronunciation -with -in, -an
inflammability in/flaema'bilati, jinflaems-
(running 'rAnin, 'rAnan) or ivith -n (getting
inflammable in'flaemabl |-bly -bli
'getn) is occasionally heard in tJie informal
inflammation jinfb'mejon
speech of the cultivated in all parts of the
inflammatory in'flaemajtori, -jtori; S -^tori
US b" C. It is more frequent in the S, "where
inflate in'flet |-d -id
it is not infreqii-ently heard also on formal
inflation in'fle/an |-ary -jgri |-ism -^izam ]-ist
occasions. In this vocabulary only -ig is
-ISt
given, and this is usually omitted if the pro-
inflect in'fkkt |-ed -id
nunciation can be inferred by adding the
inflection in'fkk/an |-al -j |-ally -li
sounds -ig directly to the head pronunciation.
inflexibility injfkksa'bibti, jinfkksa-
Ingaevones ^indsiVoniz
inflexible in'fkksabl |-bly -bh
ingather m'gieSa'; ES -'gaeSaCr; |-ed -d ]-ing
inflexion in'fkkjan
-'gaeSrig, -'gaeSarig
inflict in'fhkt |-ed -id |-ction -kjan
ingathering n 'in^gaetJrig, -jgaeSang
inflorescence jinflo'resns, -fb-; S -flo-; J-s -iz
Inge Dean of St. FauFs ig
|-cent -snt
Ingelow 'indsajo
inflow n 'iiijflo
ingeminate in'dsEmajnet |-d -id
influence 'influans, -fliuans |-s -iz |-d -t
ingenerate adj in'dsenarit
influential jinflu'En/al, -fliu- j-ly -i
ingenerate v in'dsEnajret [-d -id
influenza jinflu'enza, -fliu-
ingenious in'dsinjas
influx 'in^fUks |-es -iz
ingenue Fr ieje'ny
infold in'fold |-ed -id
ingenuity ^indsa'nuati, -'nni-, -'nju-
inform in^form; ES -'foam; |-ed -d |-edly -idh
ingenuous in'dsenjuas
informal m'farmj; ES -'faamj; |-!y -i
Ingersoll 'igga-sal, -jsal, -jSdI, -^sal; ES 'igga-
informality jinfor'tnaelati; ES -fD^maslati
ingest in'dsEst \-ed -id j-gestion -'dsEstJon
informant in'fDrmant; ES -'faamant
Ingham 'igam
information jinfa-'mejan; ES jinfa-
ingle 'iggl |-nook -^nuk
informative in'farmativ; ES -'foamativ
inglobe in'glob |-d -d
infra 'infra
inglorious in 'glorias, -'gbr-; S -'glor-
infract in'fraekt |-ed -id
ingoing 'in^goig
infra dig short for infra dignitatem 'infra-
Ingold 'ingold, 'iggold
'dig(ni'tet£m)
Ingoldsby 'iggjzbi, 'iggaldzbi
infrangible in'fraendsabl |-bly -bli
ingot 'iggat -ed -id
infrared jinfra'red
ingraft in'grasft; E + -'graft, -'graft; |-ed -id
infrequence in'frikwans |-cy -i |-nt -nt
Ingraham 'iggriam, 'iggraham
infringe in'f rinds |-s -iz |-d -d
ingrain n 'in^gren
infundibulum jinfAn'dibjabm |-la -la
ingrain adj, v in'gren ]-ed -d ('in^grain 'rug)
infuriate c^f/m'fj unit, -'fiur-
ingrained adj in'grend |-nedly -nidli, -ndli
infuriate v in'fjurijet, -'fiur- |-d -id
Ingram 'iggram
infuse in'fjuz, -'fiuz |-s -iz |-d -d |-dly -idli
ingrate n 'ingret
infusible in^fjuzabj, -'fiuz-
ingratiate in'gre/ijct [-d -id
infusion in'fjusan, -'fiujan
ingratiatory in'grefiajtori, -jtari; S -jtori
infusive in'fjusiv, -'fius-
ingratitude in'graBta,tjud, -jtiud, -jtud
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angr}' 'seg-gri
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watj", wotj (§12) |jaw dsa Igorge gards |go go
ingredient
225
Innsbruck
ingredient in'gridiant
inion 'inian
ingress n 'ingrts |-es -iz
iniquitous I'nikwatas |-ty -ti
ingress v in'grES |-es -iz |-ed -t
initial I'm/al |-ly -i
ingression in'greXan |-sive -'gr£siv
initiate n, adj I'ni/iit, -^et
ingrow 'in^gro |-grew -igru, -jgriu |-grown
initiate v I'm/iiCt |-d -id
-igron
initiation ijiu/i'efan
ingrown adj 'm'gron ('in^grown 'habit)
initiative i'ni/i,etiv, I'ni/iativ
ingrowth 'iiijgroB |-ths -0s
initiatory I'ni/iajtori, -jtori; S -jtori
inguinal 'iggwinl
inject in'dsekt |-ed -id j-ction -kjan
ingulf in'gAlf |-ed -t
injector in'dsekta^; ES -'dsektaCr
ingurgitate m'gs'dsajtet; ES -'gsds-, -'gyds- ;
injudicious ^indsu'diXas, -dsiu-
Id -id
injunction in'dsAgkJan [tive -tiv
inhabit in'haebit |-ed -id
injure 'indsa^; ES -d53(r; |-d -d |-ry -i
inhabitability ' habitabiliiy' injhaebita'bilati
injurious in'dsurias, -'dsiu-
inhabitability 'nonhabitability' ^inliaebita-
injustice in'dsAstis |-s -iz
'bibti
ink iflk |-ed -t |-horn -jhorn; ES -jhaan
inhabitable 'habitable' in'hiebitabl
inkling 'igklig
inhabitable 'not habitable' 'in'haEbitabl
inkstand 'iflkjstaend
inhabitancy in'haebatansi |-tant -tant
inkwell 'igk^wel
inhabitation in^haeba'tejan
inland adj 'inland
inhalant in'hebnt
inland n, adv 'injaend, 'inland
inhale in'hel |-d -d |-lation jinha'Ie/an
inlander 'inlanda^; ES -da(r
inharmonic jinhar'manik; ES -ha:'manik.
inlaw n 'inja, v in'la |-ed in'lad
-'mon-, E+ -bar-
inlay n \n\e, v in'le |-laid in'led
inharmonious jnharWonias; ES -ha'mon-.
inlet n 'in^kt, v in'let
E + -ha-
inly 'ink
inhere in'hir; ES -'hi3(r, S + -'he3(r; |-d -d
inmate 'inmet
inherence in'hirans |-cy -i |-nt -nt
in medias res in 'inidi,aes 'riz
inheritable in'heratabl |-bly -bb
in memoriam jinma'morijaem, -'man-, -jon.
inheritance m'heratans |-s -iz
S -'mori-
inheritor in'berata'; ES -'h£r3t3(r; |-tress
inmost 'in^most, -mast
-tris 1 -tress's -trisiz
inn in |inned ind
inheritrix in'heratriks [-es -iz
innate I'net, in'net ('in^nate 'poise)
inhibit in'hibit [-ed -id
inner 'ina^; ES 'ina(r; |-most -^most, -mast
inhibition jini'bijan, jinhi-
innervate I'nyvet, 'ina^jvet; ES I'nsv-, I'nyv-,
inhibitive in'hibitiv
'ina-; |-d -id
inhibitory in'hibajtori, -jtari; S -^tori
innervation jina^'vejan; ES jina-
inhospitable m'haspitabl; ES + -'hDS-; much
innerve I'ns'v, in'nyv; ES -'nav, -'nyv;
less freq. jinhos'pitable |-bly -bh
1-d-d
inhospitality ^inhaspa'taelati; ES-i- -bos-
Innes, Inness 'inis |-'s -iz
inhuman inTijuman, -'hiuman, -'juman
innholder 'in^holda^; ES -jholda(r
inhumane jinbju'men, -biuWen, -juWen
inning 'inii)
inhumanity jinhjuWaenati, -hiu-, -ju'maen-
innkeeper 'in^kipa'; ES -jkipa(r
inhumation jinbju'mejan, -hiu- [-tionist -ist
innocence 'inasns |-cy -i |-cent -snt
inhume m'bjum, -'hium |-d -d
innocuous I'nakjuas; ES + -'nnk-
Inigo 'inijgo
innominate adj I'namanit, in'n-; ES + -'nDm-
inimical in'imikl |-ly -i, -ikb
innovate 'inajvet |-d -id |-tion jina'vejan
inimitability jinimitD'bilati
innoxious I'nakjas, in'n-; ES + -'nDk-
inimitable in'imatabl |-bly -bh
Innsbruck 'inzbruk (Ger 'insbruk)
|full ful |tooth tuG Ifurther 'fySa^; ES 'fstJa |custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau |toy tai
|using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij [vision 'visan |Eden 'idn |cradle 'kredl |keep 'em 'kipm
innuendo
226
insincerity
innuendo ^inju'Endo
innumerable I'njumarabl, m'n-, -'mum-,
-'num- |-bly -bh
innumerous m'njumaras, -'mum-, -'num-
innutrition jinju'tri/an, ^mnju-, -mu-, -nu-
|-tious -/as
inobservance jinab'zyvans; ES -'z3V-, -'zyv-;
|-nt -nt
inoculable in'akjalabl; ES + -'iok-
inoculate in'akjajlet; ES + -'Dk-; |-d -id
inoculation injakja'leXan; ES+-jt)k-
inodorous in'odaras
inoffensive jina'fEnsiv
inofEcious jina'fi/as
inoperable in'aparabl; ES+-'Dp-
inoperative in'apajretiv, -'aparativ, -'aprativ;
ES+-'Dp-
inopportune ^inapa^'tjun, in^ap-, -'tiun, -'tun;
ES+-DP-, -jop-
inordinate in'ordnit; ES -'aadnit
inorganic jinar'gaenik; ES -aa'gaen-; j-al -j
I -ally -h, -ikh
inosculate in'askjajlet; ES+-'ds-; \-d -id
inositol I'nosijtol
inpatient 'injpejant
inphase adj 'in^fez
inpour n 'iii/por, -jpar, -ipur; ES -,po3{t,
-;pu3(r, E + -;pD3(r
inpour v in'por, -'por-, -'pur; ES -'po3(r,
-'pu3(r, E + -'p33(r; |-ed -d
input 'in^put
inquest 'inkwEst
inquiet in'kwaiat
inquietude in'kwaiajtjud, -jtiud, -jtud
inquire in'kwair; ES -'kwai3(r; |-d -d
inquiry m'kwairi, 'inkwari
inquisition jnkwa'zi/on
inquisitive in'kwizativ |-tor -t^; ES -t3(r
inquisitorial iiijkwiza 'tonal, jinkwiza-, -'tor-;
S -'tor-
in re in'ri
inroad 'in^rod
inrush n 'in^rAX 1-es -iz
inrush v in'rAj |-es -iz |-ed -t
insalivate in'saelajvet |-d -id
insalubrious jinsa'lubrias, -'hub- ]-brity
-brati
insane in'sen ('iujsane 'root)
insanitary in'saenajteri
insanity in'saenati
insatiability injse/ia'bilati, -^seja-, /insej-
insatiable in'sefiabl, -'seja- |-bly -bli
insatiate in'sejiit |-ated -^etid
inscribe in'skraib |-d -d
inscription in'sknpjan
inscroll m'skrol |-ed -d
inscrutability iiijskruta'b^ati, -^sknut-, ^in-
skr-
inscru table in'sknitabl, -'skmit- |-bly -bb
insculp in'skAlp |-ed -t |-ture -t/a--; ES -tja(r
insect 'insekt
insectarium ^insEk'tEnam, -'ter-
insectary 'insEk^tEn
insecticide in'sektajsaid |-dal -jsekta'saidl
insectival jinsEk'taivl, in'sektavl
insectivore in'sEktajVor, -^var; ES -^voaCr,
E+-jV33(r
insectivorous jinsEk'tivaras, -'trvras
insecure jinsi'kjur, -'kiur; ES -a(r
insecurity jinsi'kjurati, -'kiurati
inseminate in'sE magnet |-d -id
insemination nijSEma'neJan, jinsEma-
insensate m'senset, -sit
insensibility jinssnsa'bilati, in^SEnsa-
insensible in'sEusabj |-bly -bli
insensitive in'sensativ
insensitivity jinsEusa'tivati, nijSEnsa-
insentient in'sEnJiant, -Jant
inseparability jinsEpara'bilati, in^SEpara-,
-pra-
inseparable in'sEparabj, -pra- |-bly -bli
insert n 'insyt; ES -sst, -syt
insert v in'syt; ES -'sst, -'s^t; |-ed -id
insertion in'saj'an; ES -'ss/an, -'syjan
inset n 'in^sEt, v in'set
insheathe in'/itS \-d -d
inshore adj \nJot, -/Jar; ES -j/oa(r, E +
-yJaaCr; adv 'in'shore
inside n, adj 'in'said ('in^side 'door)
inside adv 'in'said ('in^side & 'out^side)
inside prep in'said
insider in'saida^; ES -'saida(r
insidious in'sidias
insight 'lUjsait
insignia in'signia
insignificance jinsig'mfakans j-cant -kant
insincere jinsin'sir; ES -'si3(r, S-i--'sEa(r
insincerity ,insin's£rati
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet JEt |sang saerj langrj- 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |\vatch watj, wotj" (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
insinuate
227
insurgence
insinuate in'sinjujct |-d -id
instead in'sted — The historical doublet in^stid
insinuation injSinju'e/an
is frequently heard.
insipid in'sipid |-ity ^insiVdati
instep 'injstep
insipience m'sipians |-ent -ant
instigate ^instajget |-d -id |-tor -a^; ES -a(r
insist in'sist |-ed -id
instigation /insta'gejan
insistence m'sistans |-cy -i |-ent -ant
instill, -il in'stil |-ed, -led -d
in situ in'saitju, -tiu-, -tu
instillation jinsti'Ie/an
insnare in'sner, -'snaer; E -'sn£3(r, ES
instinct n 'instigkt
-'snaE3(r; |-d -d
instinct adj in'stigkt |-ive -iv
insobriety jinsa'braiati, ^inso-
institute 'insta/tjut, -jtiut-, -^tut |-d -id
insociability jinso/a'bilati, in^so/a-
institution jinsta'tju/an, -^tiu-, -'tu- |-ary
insociable in'so/abj |-bly -bh
-fin
insolate 'insojiet |-d -id
institutionalize jmsta'tju/anj^aiz, -Jnal- |-s
insolation jinso'le/an
-IZ |-d -d
insole 'injsol |-d -d
institutive 'msta^tjutiv, -/tiu-, -^tu-
insolence 'msalans |-s -iz j-cy -i |-nt -nt
instruct in'strAkt |-ed -id 1-ction -k/an |-ive
insolubility jinsalja^bibti; ES+-sdI-
-IV |-or -3^; ES -a(r
insoluble in'saljabj; ES + -'sd1-; ]-bly -bli
instrument 'instramant
insolvable in'salvabl, -'solv- |-bly -bli
instrumental /instra'mentl |-ist -ist 1-ly -i
insolvency in'salvansi, -'sdIv- |-vent -vant
instrumentality /instramen'taelati
insomnia in'samms; ES + -'si3m-
instrumentation /instramen'tejan
insomuch jinsa'mAt/, -so-
insubordinate jinsa'bardnit; -dnit; ES -^baad-
insouciance in'susians {Fr ^esu'sja-.s)
insubordination jinsa/bardn'e/an; ES -^baad-
insouciant in'susiant {Fr ^su'sja)
insubstantial jinsab'stjenjal
inspan in'spsen j-ned -d
insubstantiality /insabjstaenXi'aelati
inspect in'spekt |-ed -id J-ction -kjan
insufferable m'sAfrabl, -fara- j-bly -bh
inspector m'spekta^; ES -'spektaCr; ]-ate -it
insufficience /insa'fi/ans |-cy -i |-ent -ant
insphere lu'sfir; ES -'sfi3(r, S+-'sfE3(r
insufflate in'sAflet, 'insa/flet |-d -id
inspirable in'spairabi
insufflation jinsa'fle/an
inspiration jinspa'rejan |-al -1 |-ally -li
insular 'insala^, 'insju-; ES -Ia(r
inspiratory in'spaira^tori, -jtari; S -/ton
insularity jnsa'lasrati, /insju-
inspire in'spair; ES -'spai3(r; |-d -d j-dly
insulate 'insajlet, 'insju- |-tor -9-', ES -a(r
-idh
insulation jinsa'lejan, -sju-
inspirit in'spint j-ed -id
insulin 'insalin, -sju-
inspissate in'spiset j-d -id
insulize 'msa^laiz, -sju- |-s -iz |-d -d
instability jinsta'bilati
insult n 'insAlt, v in'sAlt |-ed in'sAltid
install in'stal |-ed -d
insuperability in^supara^bilati, -^siu-, -iSJu-,
installation imsta'lejan
^ins-
installment, -stalm- in'stolmant
insuperable in'suparabl, -'siu-, -^sju- |-bly
instance 'instans |-s -iz |-d -t j-stant -stant
-bh
instantaneous jinstan^enias
insupportable jinsa'portabi, -'part-; ES
instanter m'stasnta^; ES -'staenta(r
-'poat-, E+-V33t-; ]-bly -bh
instar n ^instar; ES -sta:(r, E+-sta:(r
insuppressible jinsa'prEsabl |-bly -bh
instar v in'star; ES -'sta:(r, E+-'sta:(r;
insurable in'/urabl |-ability inj/ura'bilati
l-red -d
insurance m'/urans |-s -iz
instate in'stet |-d -id
insure in'/ur; ES -'j"ua(r; |-d -d
in statu quo in'stetju'kwo, -^staetju-
insurer in'/ura^; ES -ra(r
instaurate in'staret |-d -id
insurgence in'sydsans; ES -'ssds-, -'s3'd3-;
instauratlon /instaVe/an
|-cy -I |-ent -ant
|full ful Itooth tue Ifurther 'fytJa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam |while hwail [how hau |toy tai
[using 'juzirj |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish di/ [vision Visan |Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
insurmountabie
228
interest
insurmountable jinsa^'mauntabl; ES -sa-;
intercalary in'tyka^lEri; ES -'tsk-, -'ts'k-
l-bly -bh
intercalate in'tyka^let; ES -'tsk-, -'tyk-; j-d
insurrection jinsaVek/an |-ary -^en
-id |-tive -IV
insusceptibility jins3jS£pt3'bibti
intercalation in^tyka^lejan; ES -^tsk-, -jt^rk-
insusceptible jinsa'septabl l-bly -bli
intercede ^mta^'sid; ES /inta-; [-d -id
inswathe m'swetJ |-d -d
intercellular ^inta^'sEljala--; ES ^inta'sEljalaCr
inswept 'in^swEpt
intercept n 'inta^jSEpt; ES 'inta-
intact in'taekt
intercept v ^mta-'sEpt; ES jinta-; |-ed -id
intaglio m'taeljo, -'taljo {It inHaXito)
j-ption -p/an
intake 'in^tek
intercession jinta^'se/an; ES ^inta-
intangible in'tiendsabl l-bly -bk
intercessory ^inta^'sEsan; ES ^rnta-
integer 'intadsa^; ES -d33(r
interchange n 'inta^yt/ends; ES 'inta-; j-s -iz
integral 'intagral 1-ly -i 1-grable -gr9bl
interchange v jinta^'t/ends; ES ^mta-; |-s -iz
integrality ^inta'graelati
I-d-d
integrant 'intagrant | -grand -^graend
interchangeability ^inta'jtj'endsa'bilati; ES
integrate 'intajgret 1-grated -^gretid
jinta-
integration jinta'grejan
interchangeable ^mta^'t/endsabl; ES ^inta-;
integrator 'intaigreta^; ES -jgreta(r
l-bly -bh
integrity in'tegrati
interclass 'inta-^klaes ; ES 'mta-, E-i--'klas,
integument n in'tEgjamant
-'klas; ('inter^class 'game)
integument v in'tEgjajiriEnt |-ed -id
intercollegiate jintyka'lidsiit, -dsit; ES ^mta-
intellect 'mtl.ekt
intercolonial ^inta^ka'lonial; ES ;inta-; 1-ly -i
intellection jintrek/an I-tive -tiv
intercommunicate jinta^ka'mjunajket, -'miiin-;
intellectual ^intrekt/ual, -tjul 1-ly -i |-ism
ES jinta-; |-d -id
-jizam j-ist -ist
intercommunication jnta'kajinjuna^ej'an.
intellectuality jintl/ektXu'aelati
-jiniun-; ES ^inta-
intellectualize jintl'ektjualjaiz, -tjul- |-s -iz
intercommunion ^inta'ka'mjunjan, -'miun-;
I-d-d
ES jinta-
intelligence in'teladsans |-s -iz j-d -t
interconnect jint3<^ka'n£kt; ES jinta-; |-ed -id
intelligent in't£lad3ant
interconnection yinta^ka'nEk/an; ES jinta-
intelligential injtela'dsen/al
intercostal jinta^'kastl, -'kos-, -'kas-; ES
intelligentsia in^tEla'dsEntsia, -'gEntsia
iinta-; |-ly -i
intelligibility injtElidsa'bilati
intercourse 'mta'jkors, -jkars; ES 'intajkoas,
intelligible in'tElidsabl |-bly -bli
E + -jkaas
intemperance in'tEmparans, -prans
intercurrent ^inta^'kyant; ES jinta'ksr-.
intemperate inHEmpant, -pnt
-'kAr-, -'ky-
intend in'tEnd j-ed -id 1-ance -ans |-ant -ant
interdenominational jinta^dijnama'nej'anl.
intense in'tEns j-sity -ati 1-sive -iv
-/nal; ES iintadi^nama-, -jnoma-
intensification iiijtEnsafa'kcJan
interdental jinta^'dEntl; ES ^inta-; 1-ly -i
intensify in'tEnsajfai |-iied -jfaid
interdepartmental jinta-dijpart'mEntl, -,di-
intension in'tEn/an
part-; ES ^mtadi^pait-, -jdipa:t-, E + -;pa:t-,
intent in'tEnt
-pa:t-; |-ly -i
intention in'tEn/an |-al -1, -Jnal j-ally -li,
interdependence jinta^di'pendans; ES ^inta-;
-/nail
|-ent -ant
inter in'ty; ES -'t3(r, -'ty; |-red -d
interdict n 'inta^^dikt; ES 'inta-
inter- prefix 'inta^-; ES 'inta(r-
interdict v jinta^'dikt; ES ^inta-; 1-ed -id
interact jinta^'aekt j-ed -id -ion -k/an |-ive -iv
interdiction jinta^'dik/an; ES ^inta-
interblend jinta-'blEnd; ES jnta-; |-ed -id
interest n 'intarist, 'intrist
interbreed iinta^'brid; ES ^inta-; j-bred -'brsd
interest v 'intarist, 'intrist, 'inta;rEst
Key: See hi full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret lyet JEt Isang saeg |angr\- 'aef-gri
|bath baee; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa Igorge gards Igu go
interested
229
interpellant
interested 'intaristid, -ros-, 'intristid, -tras-,
'inta^restid
interesting 'intaristirj, -ras-, 'intristiQ, -tras-,
'inta/estig — The former pron. ^inta'rEstid,
-II), is now somewhat old-fashioned {though
still heard both in America and England),
but 'inta^rEstid, -ig are still in excellent use,
esp. in England.
interfere jinta^'fir; ES jinta'fioCr, S+-'f£3(r';
|-d -d I -nee -ans |-nces -ansiz
interferometer ^inta^fiVamata^; ES jintafi-
'ramataCr, -Vom-
interfuse jinta^'fjuz, -'fiuz; ES jinta-; |-s -iz
|-d -d |-sion -3an
interglacial jinta^'gleXal; ES jinta-
intergrade n 'inta^^gred; ES 'inta-
intergrade v jnt3''gred; ES jinta-; |-d -id
interim 'intarim
interior in'tiria'; ES -'tiri'a(r
interiority in^tiribrati, -'ar-, -W-
interject jinta^'dsakt; ES jinta-; |-ed -id
interjection ^inta^'dgek/an; ES ^inta-; |-al -]
|-ally -Ii |-tory -tan
interknit ^inta^'nit; ES jinta-; \past df pptc
-knit -'nit or -knitted -'nitid
interlace jnta^'les; ES jinta-; |-s -iz |-d -t
Interlaken 'inta^ilakan; ES 'mta-
interlard jinta^'lard; ES jinta'lard, E + -'la:(I;
l-ed -id
interlay n 'inta^Je; ES 'inta-
interlay v jinta^'le; ES jinta-; |-laid -'led
interleaf n 'inta^^lif; ES 'inta-; | -leaves -vz
interleaf v jinta^Uif ; ES ^inta-; |-s -s |-ed -t
interleave v jinta^'liv; ES ^inta-; |-s -z |d -d
interline n 'inta^jlain; ES 'inta-
interline v jinta^'lain; ES ^inta-; |d -d
interlineal jinta^'Iinial; ES jnta-; |-ly -i
interlinear jint3^'lini3^; ES ,inta'lini'a(r
interlineate jnta^ 'limpet; ES jinta-; j-d -id
interlineation jinta^jluu'ejan; ES ^inta-
interlink n 'inta'Jigk; ES 'inta-
interlinkz) iinta^'hgk; ES jinta-; |-ed -t
interlocate ^inta^'Ioket; ES jinta-; |-d -id
interlock n 'inta^jlak; ES 'intajak, -jlok
interlock v jinta^'lak; ES jinta'lak, -'Ink;
l-ed -t
interlocution jnta^la'kju/an, -'kiu-; ES jinta-
interlocutor ^inta-'lakjata^; ES ,inta'lakjata(r,
-'Ink-; |-tory -,tori, -itari; S -,tori
interlope jinta^'Iop; ES /inta-; |-d -t |-r -'3;
ES -a(r; flcc^ + 'interloper
interlude 'inta^jlud, -Jiud; ES 'inta-
interlunar jinta^'luna', -'liuna^; ES jinta-
'luna(r, -'liu-
intermarriage jinta^'maerids; ES jinta-; |-s
-IZ
intermarry jinta^'mjeri; ES ^inta-; |-ied -d
intermeddle jinta^'mEdj; ES ^inta-; |-d -d
|-ling -'medlig, -'medlig
intermediacy jinta^'midiasi; ES ;inta-
intermediary jinta^'midijEri; ES ^into-
intermediate adj jinta^'midiit; ES ^mta-
intermediate v jinta^'midi^et; ES jinta-; |-d -id
interment in'tymant; ES -'ts-, -'ty-
intermezzo jinta^'metso, -'medzo; ES jinta-;
{It jinter'meddzo)
interminable in'tyminabl; ES -'tsm-, -'tym-;
l-bly -bh
intermingle jinta^'miggl; ES jnta-; |-d -d
|-ling -'migghg, -gjig
intermission jinta^'mijan; ES jinta-
intermit jinta^'mit; ES jinta-; j-ted -id |-tent
-nt
intermix jinta^'miks; ES jinta-; ]-es -iz j-ed
-t |-ture -iS^; ES -tJaCr
intern, -e adj in'tyn; ES -'tan, -'tyn
intern, -e n 'intyn; ES -tsn, -tyn
intern v 'segregate' m'tyn; ES -'tsn, -'tyn;
l-ed -d
intern v 'act as intern' 'intyn; ES -tsn, -tyn;
l-ed -d
internal in'tynl; ES -'tsnl, -'tynl; |-ly -i
internal-combustion in'tynlkam'bAstJan; ES
-'tsnl-, -'ts'nl-; | ace/ + 'in ternal-
internality jinta^'naelati; ES jinta-
int&rnational, I- jinta^'nae/an], -J"nal; ES
jinta-; |-ly -i |-ism -jizam |-ist -ist
internationalization jinta^^naeJanla'zeTan,
-/nala-, -ai'z-; ES ^inta-
internationalize jinta^'nae/anjjaiz, -J"nal-; ES
jinta-; |-s -iz |-d -d
internecine jinta^'nisin, -sain; ES jinta-
internment in'tynmant; ES -'tsn-, -'tyn-
internship, -terne- 'intyny/ip, in'tyn/ip; ES
-sn-, -s'n-
internuncio jnta^'nAnJijO; ES jinta-
interoceanic jinta^joXi'aenik
interpellant ^inta^'pelant; ES ,inta-
|full ful jtooth tuG Ifurther 'fytSa^; ES 'fstJa [custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau |toy tai
|using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz Idish dij" |vision 'visan |Eden 'idn |cradle 'kredl |keep 'em 'kipm
interpellate
230
intort
interpellate jinta^'pelet, in'ts^pi^Iet; ES jinta-,
-hs-, -'ta--; |-d -id
interpellation jinta^pEle/an, m^typi'lejan; ES
jinta-, -its-, -ity-
interpellator jinta^pe'leta', in'ts^pijleta^; ES
jint3p2'Iet3(r, in'tspijletaCr, -'ts'pijletacr
interpenetrate jinta^'pEiajtret; ES jinta-;
l-d -id
interpenetration jinta^^pena'trejan; ES jinta-
interplanetary jinta^'plaena^tEri; ES jinta-
interplay n 'inta'iple; ES jinta-
interplay v ^inta^'ple; ES ^into-; |-ed -d
interplead jinta^'p'id; ES ^inta-; |-ed -id or
-plead, -pled -'pltd
interpolate in'typa^let; ES -'ts-, -'ty-; j-d -id
|-tor -9-; ES -3(r
interpolation in^ts^ps'le/on; ES -^ts-, -^ty-
interposal jinta^'pozj; ES ^inta-
interpose ^inta^'poz; ES jinta-; |-s -iz |-d -d
interposition jinta^pa'zi/an; ES jinta-
interpret in'typrit; ES -'tsp-, -'ts'p-; |-ed -id
— The occasional pron. in'ts^pit is due to
dissimilation {§121).
interpretability in^typrits^bdati; ES -itsp-,
-ityp-
interpretation in^typri'teXan; ES -jtap-,
interpretative in'ts^pn^tetiv; ES -'tsp-, -'typ-
interpretive in'ta^pritiv; ES -'tap-, -'typ-
interracial jinta^'rejal, -/lal; ES jinta-
interregnum jinta^'regnam; ES ^inta-; j-s -z
|-na -na
interrelate ^intari'let; ES ^inta-; |-d -id |-tion
-'le/an
interrenal jinta^'rinl; ES jinta-
interrex 'inta^jtEks; ES 'inta-; j-reges jint<r-
'ridsiz; ES jinta- ^
interrogate in't2rajget |-d -id [-tor -a-; ES
-3(r
interrogation injtEra'ge/an |-al -1
interrogative ^intaVagativ, -'rog- |-tory -jtori,
-/tan; S -,ton
interrupt jintaVApt |-ed -id |-ption -p/an
interscholastic jinta^ska^laestik, -sko-; ES
iinta-
intersect jinta^'sckt; ES jinta-; |-ed -id
|-ction -k/an
interspace n 'inta^jspes; ES 'inta-; |-s -iz
interspace v jinta^'spes; ES jinta-; |-s -iz |-d -t
interspatial jinta^'spe/al; ES ^inta-; ]-ly -i
intersperse jinta^'spys; ES jinta'spss, -'spys;
|-s -iz |-d -t |-dly -idli |-sion -/an, -3311
interstate jinta^'stet; ES jinta-; (.'inter jState
'act)
interstellar ^inta^ 'stela--; ES jinta'stelafr
interstice in'tystis; ES -'tas-, -'tys-; j-s -iz
. '"^■*.
interstitial jinta^'sti/al; ES jinta-; |-ly -i
intertribal jinta^'traibl; ES jinta-
intertwine n 'inta^^twain; ES 'inta-
intertwine v ^inta^ 'twain; ES jinta-; |-d -d
intertwist n 'inta^jtwist; ES 'mta-
intertwist v jinta' 'twist; ES jinta-; |-ed -id
interurban jinta^'yban; ES ^inta^'sban, -'ab-
interval 'inta^vl; ES 'inta-; |-ed -d
intervale 'inta^,vel, attrib. + -\\, -vil; ES 'inta-
intervene jinta^'vin; ES jinta-; |-d -d
intervenience ^inta^'vinjans; ES ^inta-; |-cy -i
I -lent -jant
intervention jinta^'ven/an; ES jinta-; |-al -1
1-ism -jizam |-ist -ist
interview 'inta^jvju, -jViu; ES 'inta-; ]-ed -d
intervocal ^inta^'vokl; ES ^inta-; |-ly -i
intervocalic jinta^vo'kaelik; ES jinta-; [-ally
-h, -ikh
interweave ^inta^'wiv; ES ;inta-; ]-\vove -'wov
I -woven -'wo van or -wove -'wov
intestate in'testet, -tit |-tacy -tasi
intestine in'testin |-nal -1 j-nally -li {BLC
jintes'taml)
inthrall, -al in 'Oral |-(l)ed -d
inthrone in'Oron j-d -d
intimate adj 'intamit |-macy -masi
intimate v 'inta^met |-d -id j-tion (inta'me/on
intimidate in'timajdet |-d -id
intimidation in^tima'dejan
intitle in'taitl |-d -d |-ling -tlig, -tlig
intitule in'titjul |-d -d
into before vowel 'intu, 'inta; before cons, 'inta;
before pause 'intu; in poetry often in'tu
intolerability injtalara'bilati; ES + -jtDl-
intolerable in'talarabl; ES + -'tDl-; j-bly -bli
intolerance in'talarans; ES+-'tDl-; |-ant -ant
intomb m'tum |-ed -d [-ment in'tummant
intonate 'into^net |-nated -^netid
intone in'ton |-d -d |-nation jinto'nejan
in torsion in'tarjan; ES -'taa/an
intort in'tart; ES -'taat; l-ed -id
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angr\' '«o*gri
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj", wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
in toto
231
investigation
in toto in'toto
intoxicant in'taksakant; ES+-'tDks-
intoxicate in'taks9jket; ES+-'tDks-;
-tive
intoxication in^taksa'kejan; ES+-jtDks-
intra 'intra
intracellular jintra'seljala'; ES -laCr
intracollegiate jintraka'lidsiit, -dsit
intractability jintraekta'bibti, in^traekta-
intractable in'traektabl |-bly -bk
intractile in'traektj, -til
intrados in'tredas; ES + -dDs; |-es -iz
intramolecular jintrama'kkjala^; ES -laCr
intramural jintra'mjurol, -'miural
intramuscular jintra'mAskjala^; ES -lafr
intransigence in'traensadsans |-cy -i |-ent -ant
intransitive in'traensativ
intrant 'intrant
intrastate jintra'stet ('intranstate 'trade)
intravenous jntra'vlnas
intreat m'trit j-ed -id
intrench in'trentj j-es -iz |-ed -t
intrepid in'trepid |-pidity ^intra'pidati
intricate 'intrakit |-cacy -kasi
intrigue n in'trig, 'intrig
intrigue v in'trig |-d -d
intrinsic in'trinsik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
intrinsicate in'trinsikit, -jket
introduce jintra'djus, -'dius, -'dus j-s -iz |-d -t
introduction jintra'dAk/an j-tive -tiv |-tory
-tan, -tri
introit in'tro'it
introjection ^mtra'dsekjan
intromission jintra'mi/an
intromit jintra'mit |-ted -id |-tent -nt
introrse in'trars; ES -'traas
introspect jintra'spekt j-ed -id
introspection jintra'spek/an j-tive -tiv
introversion jintra'vy/an, -5an; ES -'vs-,
-'vy-; |-sive -siv
introvert n 'intrajvyt; ES -iVst, -jvyt
introvert v jintra'vyt; ES -'vst, -'vyt; |-ed -id
|-ive -IV
intrude in'trud, -'tnud j-d -id
intrusion in'trusan, -'triusan |-sive -siv
intrust in'trAst |-ed -id
intuit 'intjuit, -tiu-, -tu-, in'tjuit, -'tra-,
-'tu- |-ed -id
intuition jintu'ijan, -tiu-, -t]u-
intuitive in'tjuitiv, -'tiu-, -'tu-
intumescence jintju'mEsns, -tiu-, -tu- |-nt -nt
inturn 'in^tyn; ES -jtsn, -jtyn; |-ed -d
intussuscept jintassa'sept |-ed -id |-ion -pjan
intwine in'twain |-d -d
inulin 'injalin
inunction in'AgkJan
inundate 'inan^det, -An-, in'Andet |-d -id
inundation jinau'dejan, jinAn-
inure in'jur; ES -'jua(r; |-d -d
inurn in'yn; ES -'sn, -'yn; |-ed -d
inutile in'jutj, -til |-ly -i
inutility ^inju'tilati
in vacuo in'vaekjujO
invade in'ved |-vaded -'vedid
invalid 'not valid' in'vaelid
invalid n, adj 'sick' 'invalid j-ism -^izam ,
invalid v 'invalid |-lided -jlidid
invalidate in'vjelajdet |-dated -jdetid
invalidation injvaela'dejan, ^invsela-
in validity jinva'lidati
invaluable in'vaeljabl, -'vaeljuabl |-bly -bli
invariability jinvEria'bilati, -ver-, -vaer-,
lUjV-
invariable in'vEnabl, -'ver-, -'vaer- 1-bly -bli
invasion lu'vegan |-sive -siv
invective in'vektiv
inveigh in've |-ed -d
inveigle in'vigl, -'veg| |-d -d |-ling -gjig,
-glio
invent in 'vent |-ed -id |-ive -iv |-ntion -n/an
inventory 'invanjtori, -jtari; S -^tori
Inverness jinva^'nes; ES -va-; ('Inver^ness
'cape) |-ness-shire -'nesjir,- 'ne//-, -JV; ES
-Xia(r, -fair
inverse n, adj in'vs's; ES -'v3S, -'vys; ('in-
jverse 'ratio)
inverse v in'vys; ES -'v3s, -'vs's; \-s -iz |-d -t
1-dly -idh, -tli
inversion in'v3\fan, -san; ES -'v3-, -'vs^-
invert n, adj 'invyt; ES -vst, -vyt
invert v in'vyt; ES -'vst, -'vyt; l-ed -id
invertebrate n, adj in'vytabrit, -jbret; ES
-'vst-, -'v3*t-; |-d -jbretid
invest in'vest |-ed -id
investigable in'vestigabl j-gatable -;getabl
investigate in'vEsta^get \-d -id |-tor -a^; ES
-a(r
investigation in/vesta'gejan
|full ful Itooth tue [further 'fySa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
investiture
232
Irish
investiture inVestat/a'; ES -tJaCr
investment m'vestmant |-stor -ta^; ES -t3(r
inveteracy inVetarasi |-rate -rit
Invictus inViktas
invidious inVidias
invigorate inViga^ret |-rated -^retid
invigoration in^vigaVe/an
invincibility iiijVinsa'bilati, jinvinsa-
invincible in'vinsabl j-bly -bli
inviolability injvaiala'bilati, ^invaiala-
inviolable inVaialabl 1-bly -bh
inviolate inVaialit, -Jet
invisibility jinviza'bilati, in^viza-
in visible inVizabl |-bly -bli
invitation jinva'te/an
invite n 'invait
invite v inVait |-vited -Vaitid
invocate 'inv3jket \-d -id |-tion jinva'kejan
invoice 'invais |-s -iz |-d -t
invoke in'vok |-voked -Vokt
involucre 'invajluka^, -jliuka^; ES -kaCr; |-d -d
involuntar}/ in'val3n,tEri; ES -Vol-; |-rily
-rail, esp. if emph. ^involun'tarily
involute 'invajlut, -\ii\t |-d -id
involution jinva'lujan, -'liujan, -vl'ju/an
involve in'valv, -VdIv j-d -d j-dly -idli
invulnerability jinvAlnara'bilati, in^vAl-, -nra-
invulnerable in'vAlnarabl, -nra- |-bly -bli
inwall n 'in^wal, v in'wal |-ed in'wald
inward 'inwa'd; ES 'inwad; j-s -z
inweave in'wiV |-wove -Vov |-woven -Vovan
or -wove -Vov
inwind in'waind | -wound -Vaund
inwork in'wyk; ES -'wsk, -'wyk; 1-ed -t or
-wrought -Vat
inwound inVaund
inwove in Vov | -woven -'wovan ('in^woven
'hue)
iriwrap in'raep |-ped -t
inwreathe in'riS |-d -d
inwrought in Vat ('in^wrought 'colors)
lo 'aio
-io ending see -ia
iodate 'aiSjdet |-dated -jdetid
iodide 'aia,daid, -did jiodid 'aiadid
iodin 'aiadin
iodine 'aia^dain, -dm, chem. usually -jdin
iodize 'aia^daiz j-s -iz |-d -d
iodoform ai'odajfarm, -'ad-; ES -jfaam, -'od-
lola ai'ola
lolanthe jaia'laenGi
-ion ending see -ia
ion 'aian, 'aian, -nn
Ion 'aian, -on
lona ai'ona
lone heroine ai'oni
lone village, geol. formation ai'on
Ionia ai'onia, -nja |-n -n
ionic, I- ai'anik, -'on-
ionium ai'oniam
ionization jaiana'zejan, -ai'z-
ionize 'aian^aiz \-s -iz |-d -d
Iosco ai'asko; ES + -'ds-
iota ai'ota J-cism -^sizam
iotize 'ai3jtaiz j-s -iz |-d -d
I O U 'aijo'ju
-ious ending see -ia
Iowa 'aiawa, /oc. -i-'ai3jwe
I P A 'aijpi'e, jinta^'naefanl fo'nEtik a^sosi-
jejan, ajso/i-; ES ^inta-; c/" A P I
ipecac Vpi^kaek |-uanha -ju'aena
Iphigenia jifadsi'naia, mod. name -'dsinja
ipse dixit Vpsi'diksit
ipso facto 'ipso'faekto
Ipswich Vpswit/ |-'s -IZ
Iquique i'kike
iracund 'airajkAnd
irade i'radi
Iran ai'raen, i'ran ]-ian ai 'reman
Iraq i'rak |-i -i
Iras 'airas ]-'s -iz
irascibility ai^raesa'bilati, i,rjesa-
irascible ai'raesabi, I'raesa- |-bly -bli
irate 'airet, ai'ret ('irate 'foreman)
ire air; ES aia(r; |-ful -fal |-fully -fall
Iredell 'airdsl; ES 'aia-
Ireland 'airland; ES 'aialand
Irenaeus ^aira'nias |-'s -iz
Irene ai'rin, myth, ai'rini
irenic ai'rsnik, -rinik |-al -I |-ally -Ii, -ikli
iridaceous jairi'de/as, jiri-
iridesce ^ira'dss |-s -iz |-d -t
iridescence ^ira'desns |-cy -i |-ent -snt
iridium ai'ridiam, i-
Irion 'irian, -an, -nn
iris, I- 'airis |-es -iz ]-ed -t
Irish 'airi/ |-man -man |-men -man | -woman
-jwuman, -jwu- |-\vomen -jWimin, -an
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet J£t |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gri
I bath bae6; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watj", wot/ (§12) |jaw Ayi | gorge gards |go go
iritis
233
irresolution
iritis arraitis |-tic -Vitik
irk yk; ES ak, yk; |-ed -t |-some -sam
Irkutsk ir'kutsk; ES la-
Irma 'yma; ES 'sma, 'yma
iron, I- 'aia^n; ES 'ai-an |-ed -d
ironclad 'aia'n'klaed; ES 'ai-an-; ('ironjclad
'shoe)
iron-gray, -grey 'aia^n'gre; ES 'ai-an-; ('iron-
jgray 'hair)
ironic ai'ranik; ES-h-Von-; ]-al -1 |-ally -Ii,
-ikh
ironmonger 'aia^n^niAgga^ ; ES 'ai-an^raAggaCr;
|-y -gari, -gri
ironside, I- 'aia^n^said; ES 'ai-an-; |-s -z
ironsmith 'aia^n^smifl; ES 'ai-an-; |-ths -Gs
ironstone 'aia^n^ston; ES 'ai-an-
ironware 'aia^n^wer, -jwaer; E 'ai'3njW£3(r,
ES -jwae3(r
ironwork 'aia^n^wyk; ES 'ai-an^wsk, 'ai-an-
jwyk
irony Hike iron' 'ai»ni; ES 'ai-ani
irony kind of humor 'airani
Iroquoian jira'kwaian
Iroquois 'ira^kwai, -^kwDiz |-'s -jkw3iz,
-;kw3iziz
irradiance iVedians j-cy -i |-ant -ant
irradiate I'redi^et |-ated -^etid |-tive -iv
irradiation jiredi'e/an, i^redi-
irrational iVaefanl, ir'raej-; ES I'r-, la'r-;
_ 1-Iy-i
irrationality ijrae/a'naelati, jirrae/a-; ES
i^raefa-, jiarae/a-
Irrawaddy jira'wadi, -Vodi
irreclaimability jirijklems'bilsti, jirri-; ES
jiri-, jiari-
irreclaimable /iri'klemabl, ^irri-; ES jiri-,
;i3ri-; |-bly -bh
irreconcilability ijrekanjsaila'bilatis ir^rek-;
ES litEk-, la^rek-
irreconcilable iVekan^sailabl, ir'rek-; ES
I'rek-, laVek-; em/'/^. + jirrecon'cilable |-bly
-bk
irrecoverable jiri'kAvarabl, jirri-, -vra-; ES
jiri-, jiari-; |-bly -bh
irredeemable jiri'dimabi, jirri-; ES ^iri-,
jian-; |-bly -bli
Irredentist jiri'd£ntist
irreducible jiri'djusabl, jirri-, -Mius-, -'dus-;
ES jiri-, jiari-; |-bly -bh
irrefragability ijrEfraga'bibti, ir^ref-; ES
ijfEf-, la^ref-
irrefragable I'refragabl, irVef-; ES I'lef-,
la'ref-; |-bly -bh
irrefutabihty ijrefjuta'bilati, ixitzi-, ^iri-
jfjuta-, jirri-, -jfiuta-; ES i^rEf-, la^ref-,
jiri^f-, jiarijf-
irrefutable I'refjutabl, ir'r£f-, jiri'fjutabl,
jirn-, -'fiuta-; ES iVef-, la'rcf-, jiri'f-,
jiari'f-
irregular I'tEgjala^, ir'reg-; ES I'rEgjalaCr,
la'reg-
irregularity jirEgja'Iaerati, jirreg-, ijreg-,
ir^reg-; ES ;ireg-, iiareg-, ijreg-, lajieg-;
|-lation -ja'le/an
irrelative I'rdativ, ir'rel-; ES I'rel-, la'rel-
irrelevance I'relavans, irVel-; ES I'rsl-,
laW-; |-cy -i |-ant -ant
irreligion jiri'hdsan, ^irri-; ES ^in-, ^lari-;
|-gious -dsas
irremediable jin'midiabj, jirn-; ES iiri-,
jian-; |-bly -bh
irremovabihty jrijmuva'bilati, ^im-; ES
jiri-, jiari-
irremovable jin'muvabi, iVtn-', ES ^iri-,
jiari-; |-bly -bh
irreparability jirepara'bilati, jirrep-, ijrep-,
ir^rep-; ES jirep-, jiarep-, i^rEp-, la^rep-
irreparable iVEparabl, ir'rep-; ES I'rep-,
la'rep-; |-bly -bh
irrepealable jiri'pilabl, jirri-; ES ;in-, jian-;
l-bly -bh
irreplaceable jiri'plesabl, jirri-; ES jiri-,
jiari-; |-bly -bh
irrepressibility jirijpresa'bilati, ^im-; ES
yiri-, jiari-
irrepressible jri'pr£sabl, jim-; ES iiri-, jiari-;
l-bly -bh
irreproachable jiri'protj'abi, jim-; ES ^iri-,
jiari-; 1-bIy -bh
irresistibility ^irijZista'bilati, jim-; ES jiri-,
jian-
irresistible jiri'zistabl, iim-; ES jiri-, iiari-;
l-bly -bh
irresolute iVeza^lut, ir'rEz-, -ihut, -Vczljut;
ES iVez-, la'rez-
irresolution jireza'lujan, ,irr£z-, i^rez-, ir^rez-,
-'hu-, -zFjuJan; ES iirez-, ^larez-, i^rez-,
ia,r£z-
jfull ful |tooth iu6 jfurther 'fySa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam |\vhile hwail [how hau |toy tai
[using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fniz |dish dij [vision 'visan |Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
irresolvable
234
isoclinal
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with n in E and S
irresolvable ^iri'zalvabl, jirri-, -'zdIv-; ES
jin-, jian-
irrespective ^iri'spektiv, iim-; ES jin-, jian-
irresponsibility jinjspansa'bilah, ^im-; ES
irresponsible jin'spansabl, iim-; ES jin-,
jiori-; |-bly -bh
irresponsive iiri'spansiv, jirn-; ES ^in-,
irretraceable jiri'tresabi, jirn-; ES jin-,
jiari-; |-bly -bli
irretrievabiHty ^iri^triva^bilati, jirn-; ES ;iri-,
irretrievable /in'trivabl, iirn-; ES jin-,
jiari-; |-bly -bli
irreverence I'rEvarans, iiVev-; ES I'rev-,
la'rev-; |-ent -gnt
irreversibility jirijVS'sa'bilati, iirn-; ES
jirijvss-, -jvys-, jiari-
irreversible jiriVysabl, iirn-; ES jiriVas-,
-Vys-, jiari-; |-bly -bli
irrevocability ijrevaka'bilati, ir^rev-; ES
I /rev-, i3,rev-
irrevocable I'revakabl, ir'rev-
ES
is'rEV-; |-bly -b!i — Cultivated speakers often
pron. jin'vokabl, hy confusion of revocable
with revokable.
irrigable 'irigabl |-bly -bli
irrigate 'ira^get |-d -id |-tion jira'gejan
irritability jirata'bilati
irritable 'iratabl |-bly -bli
irritant ^irotant
irritate 'ira^tet |-tated -itetid |-tive -rv
irritation ^ira'tefan
irruption I'rAp/an |-tive -tiv
Irvine 'yvin; ES 'svin, 'a^vm
Irving 'yvig; ES 'sviij, 'yvig |-ton -tan
Irwin 'ywin; ES 'swin, 'ywin
is stressed 'iz, jiz; imstr. cf sometimes spelt 's:
after voiced sounds except sibilants z; after
voiceless sounds except sibilants s; after tlte
sibilants (s, z, /, 5, t/, ds) iz—see 's or §88.
Isaac 'aizak |-s -s |-s's -siz
Isabel 'izajbsl, -bl |-la jizo'bela
Isadora jiza'dora, -Mara; S -'dora
isagoge ^aisa'godsi
isagogic jaisa'gadsik |-al -1 |-ally -li,
-ikb
Isaiah ai'zea, ai'zaia
isatin 'aisatin
Iscariot is'kaenat
ischium 'iskiam |-ia -la
Iseult I'sult
Isfahan jisfa'han, -'hasn
-ish adj ending -1/ — often omitted when the
pron. can be found by adding -ij to the head
pronunciation
Ishbosheth iJ'bo/iG
Ishmael 'i/mial |-ite -;ait
Ish tar 'i/tar; ES -ta:(r, E + -ta:(r
Isiac 'aisij^k
Isidore 'iza^dor, -jdar; S -jdor
Isidorian ^iza 'dorian, -'dar-; S -'dor-
isinglass 'aiziOyglaes; E + -;glas, -jglas
Isis 'aisis |Isis' 'aisis
Islam 'islam, is'lam j-ic is'laemik, -'lamik
Islamite 'islam^ait |-tic jisla'mitik
island 'ailand
isle ail |-d -d |-less 'aillis
Isle Royale 'ail'raial, -'rajal
islet 'ailit
Isleton 'ailtan
Isleworth 'aizlwa^O; ES -wa6
Islington 'izligtan
Islip 0.x f, LI 'aislip, N orthants +'^saz-
ism n 'izara
-ism ending -izam, -izm — The pron. -izm is
less frequent, though the vowel iit -izam is
often very brief. In the vocab. only -izam is
given, it being understood that -izm is also a
possible pron. If tlte syllable before has the
main accent, as in 'truism, -iz- has slightly
more stress than -am, though usually the
accent mark is not used. If -ism follows a?!
unaccented syllable, it has a secondary accent
('htaraljizam, 'fEma^nizam, 'fetjjizam).
Ismail Rus city, Egyp viceroy ^isma'il
isn't 'iznt, before some conss. + hzr\. (There
isn't time Sa^jizn'taim)
isobar 'aisa^bar; ES -jba:(r, E + -jba:(r
isobaric jaisa'baerik
Isobel 'izabl, -^bel
isochromatic jaisakro'mactik
isochronal ai'sakranl j-ly -i |-nous -nas
isochronize ai'sakrajiiaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
isoclinal jaisa'klainl |-clinic -'klmik
Key: See in fidl §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang sjeg |angry 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wotj (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
isocline
235
izzard
Those words below in which the a sound is s
isocline 'aiso/klain
isocracy ai'sakrasi
Isocrates ai'sakra^tiz |-'s -iz
isodynamic jaisadai'naemik |-al -I
isoelectric jaiso-i'lektrik |-ally -li, -ikh
isogenous ai'sadsanas
isogeo therm ^aisa'dsiajOs^m; ES -fism, -^Oym
isogonal ai'sag3n| |-ly -i |-gonic ^aisa'ganik
isolable 'aisalabj, 'is-
isolate 'aisj^et, 'is- |-ated -fitid
isolation jaisre/an, js-
Isolda I'solda, I'zol-
Isolde I'sold, I'solda, I'zol- {Ger h'zolda)
isomagnetic jaisamajg'nstik
isomer 'aisama'; ES -m3(r
isomere 'aisajinir; ES -^miaCr
isomeric ^aisa'ttiErik |-al -1 |-ally -h, -ikli
isomerism ai'samajrizam |-rous -ras
isometric jaisa'metrik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikh
isometry ai'samatri
isomorph 'aisOimarf; ES -jinaaf
isomorphic jaisa'tnorfik; ES -'moafik; |-phism
-fizam |-phous -fas
isopiestic ^aisapai'tstik |-ally -h, -ikli
isopleth 'aisa^pIeG |-ths -Gs
isopod 'ais3ipad
isoprene 'ais3;prm
isosceles ai'sasljiz
isoseismal jaisa'saizml, -'sais-
isoseismic ^aisa'saiznuk, -'sais- |-al -1
isostasy ai'sastssi
isostatic ^aisa'staetik j-al -1 |-ally -ji, -ikli
isothere ^aisa^Gir; ES -jGiaCr
isotherm 'ais3iGym; ES -fism, -fis^ni
isothermal jaisa'Oyml; ES -^Gsml, -'Gyml
isotonic jaisa'tanik |-ity jaisato'nisati
isotope 'ais3jtop |-pic jaisa'tapik
isotrope 'aisajtrop |-pic ^aisa'trapik
isotropy ai'satrapi
Ispahan jispa'han, -^haen
Israel 'izrial |-ite -^ait |-itish -jaitij
Issachar 'isaka^; ES -k3(r
issuable 'i/uabj, 'ijju- |-bly -bk
issuance 'i/uans, 'ijju- |-s -iz j-ant -ant
issue 'iju, hfjv \-d -d — 'isju is mainly Brit.
Issus 'isas |Issus' 'isas
Istanbul jstan'bul, jistam-
isthmus 'ismas |-es -iz l-mian -inian
dt o are often pronounced with n in E and S
Istria 'istria |-n -n
it stressed \t, ^it; tmstr. it or {spelt 't) t
see 'tis, 't'll, 'twas, 'twere, 'twill, 'twould
Italian I'taeljan, a-, now less freq. ai'taeljan
Italianate adj I'taeljan^et, -it
ItaUanate v I'taeljanjet |-ated -^etid
Italianize I'taeljan^aiz |-s -iz |-d -d
italic, I- I'taelik |-ally -li, -ikh
italicize I'taela^saiz |-s -iz |-d -d
Italy 'itli
Itasca ai'tasska
itch It/ litches 'it/iz |itched it/t
Itchen 'it/in, -an
it'd Ht woidd' 'itad
item L adv 'aitem
item n, v 'aitam |-ed -d
itemize 'aitam^aiz |-s -iz [-d -d
iterate 'ita^ret |-d -id |-tive -iv
iteration ^ita 're/an
Ithaca 'iGaka, 'iGika
Ithamar 'iGa;mar; ES -jma:(r, E + -jma:(r
Ithunn, -un 'i'Sun = Idun
Ithuriel I'Gjurial, I'Giurial
itineracy ai'tinarasi, i- |-ancy -ansi |-ant -ant
itinerary ai'tinajteri, i-
itinerate ai'tina^ret, i- |-rated -^retid
it'll Ht will' 'itl
its pass its I it's 'it is,' 'it has' its
itself it'self
-ity word ending (fatahty, familiarity, au-
thority) -ati, -iti. It seems clear that -ati is
the prevailing pron. in colloq. speech, -iti is
probably somewhat more common in the
E b' S than in the N.
-ius ending see -ia
Ivan 'aivan
Ivanhoe 'aivan^ho
I've '/ have' aiv
-ive unstressed ending -iv — often omitted from
the vocab. when its pron. may be added di-
rectly to that of the head word
Ives aivz |-'s -iz
ivory, I- 'aivri, 'aivan
ivy 'aivi [-ied -d
iwis, y- I'wis \erron. I wis ai'wis
Ixion iks'aian
izard, I- 'iza'd; ES 'izad
izzard 'iza^d; ES 'izad
[full ful |tooth tuG [further 'fySa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau |toy tai
|using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij |vision Visan |Eden 'idn |cradle 'kredl |keep 'em 'kipiii
236
Janiculum
J, j letter dse \pl J's, Js, poss J's dsez
jab dsaeb Ijabbed dsaebd
jabber 'dsaeba^; ES -b3(r; |-ed -d |-ing
'dsaebrig, Msaebarig
Jabberwock ^dsaeba^jwak, -jwnk; ES Msaeba-
Jabesh-gilead 'dsebc/'gihad
Jabez 'dsebiz |-'s -iz
jabot gae'bo {Fr sa'bo)
jacinth 'dsesinO |-ths -0s
Jack, j- dsaek |jacked dsaekt
jack-a-dandy jdsaeka'dtendi
jackal 'd3tek3l
jackanapes 'djaekajneps |-napeses -jnepsiz
jackass 'dsaek/aes |-es -iz |-ed -t
jackdaw Msaek^da
jacket 'dsaekit j-ed -id
jack-in-a-box Msaekina^baks; ES + -jbDks;
|-es -iz
jack-in-the-box 'dsaekin'Sajbaks; ES+-jbioks;
I-es -IZ
jack-in-the-pulpit 'd3aekin'33'pulpit
jackknife 'dsaek^naif |-knives -^naivz
Jack-of-all-trades, j- jdsaekavbljtredz
jack-o'-lantern 'dsaskajaenta-n, 'dsaek^l-; ES
-tan
jack-rabbit Msaekjraebit
jackscrew ^djaek^skru, -jskriu
Jackson Msaeksn j-ville -iVil; S-i--vl
Jacksonian dsask'sonian
jackstay Msaek^ste
jackstraw 'dsaekjstra
jack-tar Msaek'tar; ES -Ha:(r, E-i--'ta:(r
Jacob Msekab, 'dsekap
Jacobean jdsaeka'bian ('Jacojbean 'style)
Jacobi Am dsa'kobi, various Germans ja-
%obi {Ger ja'ko:bi:)
Jacobian dsa'kobian, dse-
Jacobin 'dsaekabin
Jacobinic jdsaeka'binik |-al -1 J-ally -Ii, -ikk
Jacobite 'dsaeka^bait
Jacobitic jdsaeka'bitik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
jacobus dsa'kobas |-es -iz
jacoby M3aek3bi
Jacoby, Harold dsa'kobi, Johann ja-
Jacquard, j- dsa'kard; ES -'ka:d, E-i--'ka:d;
(Fr 5a'ka:r)
Jacqueline Msaekwalin, -Jin
Jacquerie Fr sak'ri
jactation dsaek'te/an |-titation -ti'te/an
jade dsed |jaded 'dsedid
jaeger, jag- bird 'jega', 'dse-, rifleman 'jega^;
ES -g3(r; {Ger 'jeigar)
Jael 'dseal
Jaffa 'dsaeia
Jaffrey 'dsaefn
jag dsaeg | jagged dsaegd
jagged adj M5aEgid
jagged-toothed 'dsaegid'tuGt, -'Sd
jaguar 'dsaegwar, Msaegjujor; ES -wa:(r, -,a:(T
Jahveh 'jav£ |-vism -vizam |-vist -\ist
|-vistic ja'vistik
Jahweh 'jawe |-wism -wizam |-wist -vnst
|-wistic ja'wistik
jail dsel [jailed dseld |-er -a^; ES -a(r; rfgaol
jailbird 'dseljbyd; ES -jbsd, -^byd
Jain dsain |-a -a |-ism -izam |-ist -ist
Jaipur dsai'pur; ES -'pua(r; acd-h'Jaipur
Jairus dse'airas, 'dsearas |-'s -iz
jalap Msaelap
Jalna ^dsalna
jalopy dsa'lapi; ES-f-%pi
jalousie jsaelu'zi {Fr salu'zi)
jam dsaem | jammed dsaemd
Jam dsam
Jamaica dsa'meka |-n -n
jamb, -e dsaem
jambeau 'dsaembo ]-x -z
jamboree jdsaembaVi
James dsemz j-ian -lan |-'s -iz
Jameson 'dsemsn
Jamestown 'djemz^taun
Jamestown weed 'dsimsn^wid
Jamieson 'dsemasn
Jamy Mseini
Jan dsaen
Jane dsen
Janeiro dsa'mro, -'nero {Pg sa'neiru)
Janesville 'dsenzvil
Janet /c7?J. name 'dsjenit, dsa'net; Fr writer
Sa'ne {Fr sa'ns)
jangle 'dsaeogl |-d -d |-Hng 'dsaeggliQ, -glio
Janice 'dsaenis |-'s -iz
Janicula dsa'nikjala
Janiculum d5a'nikjalam
Key; See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'p'ti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang Sicg |angr>' 'aeg-gn
|bath baeO; E ba0 (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
janitor
237
jerkin
janitor 'dsaenata^; ES -t3(r; ]-ed -d |-ing
Msaenatarii), -trig
Janizary 'dsaenaiZeri
Jansen 'dsaensn |-ism -jizam |-ist -ist
January Msaenjujeri, 'dsaenjuari
Janus 'dsenas |-'s -iz
Jap dsaep
Japan, j- dsa'psen, dsae- j-ned -d
Japanese jdsaepa'niz ('Japa^nese ^beetle)
jape dsep | japed dsept
Japhet 'dsefit
Japheth 'dsefiO, -fit
Japhetic dsa'fetik, d^e-
Jaqueline 'dsaekwalin, -Jin
Jaquenetta jdsaekwa'neta, jdsaeka-
Jaques surname dsaeks, dseks; iw ^/za^.
'dsekwiz, -kwiz |-'s -iz
jar dsar; ES dsarCr, E+dgaUr; |-red -d
jardiniere jdsardn'ir; E jd3a:dn'i3(r, jd3a:d-;
S jd3a:dn'i3(r, -'83(r; (Fr 3ardi'nJ£:r)
Jared 'd3erid
jarful 'd3arjful; ES 'd3a:-, E + 'dsa:-; |-s -z
jargon M3arg3n, -gan, -gnn |-ed -d
jarl jarl; ES jail, E+ja:l; |-ess -is
jar less 'without jar' 'dsarlis; ES Msa:-,
E + 'd3a:-
jarovize 'jaraivaiz |-s -iz [-d -d
Jarrow 'd3aEro, -a
Jarvis M3arvis; ES ^30:-, E + 'd3a:-; ]-'s -iz
jasmine, -min 'd3aesmin, Msaez-
Jason 'dsesn
jasper, J- 'd3aesp3'; ES 'dsaespaCr; j-ed -d
Jassy ^jasi, 'd3aesi
Jastrow Msaestro
jaundice Msandis, M3Dn-, ^300- |-s -iz |-d -t
jaunt d33nt, d3Diit, d3ant |-ed -id j-y -i
Java 'dsava |-n -n
Javan Bible 'd3ev3n, Msevaen
Javanese jdsaeva'niz ('Java^nese ^people)
javelin M3aevlin |-ed -d
jaw dsD Ijawed dsad
jawbone Mso'bon, -^bon
jawbreaker 'd33jbrek3'; ES -jbrekaCr
jay, J- d3e
jayhawk 'd3ejh3k j-ed -t |-er -a^; ES -3(r
jay-walk 'd3ejW3k |-ed -t j-er -a^; ES -3(r
jazz dsasz [jazzes M3aeziz |-ed -d |-ily -li, -ili
Jeaffreson M3Ef3^sn; ES M3£f3sn
jealous 'dsElas |y -i
Jeames dsimz [-'s -iz
Jean Eng name d3in, Fr name 3a
jean cloth A'^m, d3en
Jeanne Eng name d3m, Fr name 30:11
Jeanne d'Arc Fr 3a:n'dark
Jeannette d33'ii8t
Jeans d3inz |-'s -iz
Jebusite M3£bjujzait | -si tic jdsEbju'zitik
Jedburgh 'dsed^byo, -a; ES -^bar, -^bAr-,
-jby-; Brit 'd3Edb3r3
Jedediah jd3edi'dai3
jeer d3ir; ES d3i3(r, S+d3£3(r; |-ed -d
Jefferies 'dsefriz |-ries' -riz
Jefferson Msefs'sn; ES 'd3Ef3sn
Jeffersonian jd3£f3' 'soman; ES id^eis-
Jeffrey, -fferey 'd3£fri
Jeffreys 'd3Efriz |-reys' -riz
Jeffries 'dsEfriz |-ries' -riz
jehad dsi'had
Jehoiakim dsi'haiajkim
Jehoram d3i'hor3m, -'bar-; S -'horam
Jehoshaphat d3i'haX3jfaet, -'has-; ES+-'hD-
Jehovah dsi'hova
Jehu 'd3ihju, -hiu
jejune d3i'd3un, -'d3iun ('jej'une 'diet)
jejunum d3i'd3un3m, -'d3iun3m
Jekyll 'dslkl, 'd3Ekl
jelly 'd3Eli |-ied -d |-fish -jfif
Jemima d33'niaini3
jemmy, J- 'dsEini
Jena 'jena
Jenghiz Khan, -is 'd3En-giz'kan, 'd3Eggiz-
Jenkins 'dsEgkinz |-'s -iz
Jenner 'd3£n3'; ES 'd3£n3(r
jennet 'dsEnit
Jenny, j- 'd3£ni
jeopard 'dsEpa^d; ES 'd3£p3d; |-ed -id |-y -i
jeopardize 'dsEpa^d^aiz; ES 'd3Ep3d-; \-s -iz
l-d-d
Jephtha 'dsEfGa, 'dsEpGa
Jerauld dsa'rold
jerboa d33''bo3; ES d33'bo3
jeremiad jd3Er3'mai3d, -aed
Jeremiah jd3Er3'mai3
Jeremy 'd3£r3mi
Jericho 'dsEra^ko
Jeritza 'JEritsa
jerk d3yk; ES d33k, ds^k; |-ed -t
jerkin 'd3ykin; ES 'dssk-, 'd3yk-; |-ed -d
|full ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fycJa^; ES 'fsSa |custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau |toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij [vision 'vi33n [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipin
Jeroboam
238
Joe
Those words below in which the a sound is spelt o are often pronounced with d in E and S
Jeroboam, j- jdsEra'boam
Jerome dsa'rom, 'dsEram
Jerrold 'dsErald
Jerry, j- 'dseri
Jerry -build 'dseri^bild | -built -^bilt
Jersey, j- M5TZ1; ES 'dsszi, 'ds^zi; j-ed -d
Jerusalem dsa'rusalam, -Viu-
Jervaulx Yks 'dsarvis, Msyvo; ES 'djaivis,
'dgsvo, 'dsyvo, E + 'dsaivis; |-'s -isiz, -voz
Jervis 'd33'vis, 'dsarvis; ES 'dsavis, 'dsyv-,
'd3a:v-, E + 'dsarv-; |-'s -iz
Jervois Austral 'dgyvis; ES M33V-, Msyv-
Jeshurun 'dsEjjuran, ^seJu-
Jespersen 'jespa^sn; ES 'jespasn
jess dses Ijesses 'dsEsiz |jessed dsest
Jessamine, J- 'dsesamin
Jesse 'dsEsi Ijessie 'dsEsi |-sica 'dsESika
Jessopp, Jessup 'dsEsap
Jest djEst I Jested ^d3Estid
Jesu Msizju, 'dsis-, -lu, -u
Jesuit 'd3£3uit, 'dsEzju- |-ry -ri
Jesuitic, J- jd3E3u'itik, jdsEzju- |-al -1 |-ally
-li, -ikli
Jesup 'dsEsap
Jesus 'd3iz3s |-sus' -zas
Jet d3£t iJetted 'dsEtid
Jet-black 'dset'blaek ('Jet-^black 'eyes)
Jethro 'dsEGro
Jetsam 'dsEtsam
Jettison ^d3Et3sn, -zn [-ed -d
Jetty 'd5£ti Ijettied 'd3£tid
Jeu d'esprit Fr 3odEs'pi'i
Jevons 'dsEvanz |-'s -iz
Jew d3u, d3iu |-ess -is |-ry -ri
Jewel, J- 'd3U3l, 'dsiuol |-ry -ri
Jewett 'dsurt, 'dsiuit
Jew's-harp Vl3UZjharp, 'd3us-, M31U-; ES
-jha:p, E-i--iha:p; M3us/liarp preserves a
regular old form, dissociated from Jew's.
Jezebel 'dsEzabl
Jezreel 'd3Ezri3l, d3£z'ril |-ite 'dsEzrial^ait
Jib d3ib I Jibbed dsibd
Jibber M3ib3^; ES -3(r; |-ed -d j-ing -bang,
-brig
Jibboom 'd3ib'bum
Jibe d3aib |jibed d3aibd
Jiffy 'dsifi
Jig dsig 1 Jigged d3igd
Iger 'dsiga^; ES -3(r; |-ed -d |-ing -ig, -gnij
iiggle 'd3ig! |-d -d |-ling 'dsiglig, -glig
igsaw 'd3igjS3 [-ed -d
ihad d3i'had
Jill d3il
Jilt d3ilt I jilted 'dsiltid
Jim dsim
Jimjams M3iinjd3aemz
Jimmy, J- Msinu |-ied -d
Jimson weed 'd3imsn;wid
Jinghis Khan 'd3in-giz'kan, 'd3iggiz-
jingle 'd3iggl |-d -d |-hng 'd3igglig, -glig
Jingo 'd3iggo J-ed -d |-ism -jizsm
Jink dsigk |jinked d3igkt
Jinn pi d3iii
Jinnee, -nni d3i'ni \pl jinn dsin
Jinniyeh dsi'nijE \pl jinn d3m
Jinricksha, -rikisha dsinVikJa, -^3
Jinx d3igks Ijinxes M3igksiz Ijinxed dsigkst
Jitney 'd3itni
jitters 'dsita^z; ES 'dsitaz; |-ery -an
Jiujitsu, jiujutsu d3u^d5itsu, d3iu-
Joab Msoaeb
Joachim, -akim Bible 'dsos^kim, violinist
'jo3jkim {per jo'axim)
Joan d3on, 'd303n, dso'aen — d3o'aen is a
spelling pron., not used by those familiar
with the traditional pron.
Joanna d3o'aen3
Joan of Arc Msonav'ark, d3o'aen-; ES -'a:k,
E-i--'a:k; — see Joan
Joaquin hwa'kin {Am Sp hwa-)
job d3ab |-bed -d |-ber -a*; ES -3(r
Job dsob
Jobson 'dsabsn, 'dsob-
Jocasta d3o'kaest3
Jocelin, -ine, -lyn 'd3asb;n, 'dsasalm
Jock dsak
jockey 'd3aki ]-ed -d
jocko 'dsako
jocose dso'kos j-sity -'kas3ti
jocular 'dsakjsla^; ES -l3(r; |-ity jd3akJ3-
'la;r3ti
jocund 'd3ak3nd, -And [ity dso^Andati
jodel 'jodl |-ed -d j-ing 'jodlig, 'jodlig
Jodhpur d3od'pur; ES -'pu3(r; af c/ -h ' Jodhpur
jodhpurs 'd3adp3^z, 'djod-; ES -p3z
Joe d30
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet JEt |sang saeg |angr}- 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw d33 |gorge gards |go go
Joel
239
judgement
Those words below in which the a sound is
Joel 'dsoal
Joffre Fr sbfr
jog dsag I jogged dsagd
joggle 'dsagl |-d -d |-ling 'dsaghg, -giro
Johanna d3o'haen9
Johannes, j- dso'haeniz |-es' -iz
Johannesburg dso'haeniSjbs'g, jo-; ES -jbsg;
-ibyg
John dsan, dson |-ian 'dsonian
johnnycake 'dsani^kek
Johnny-jump-up 'dsani'dsAmpjAp
Johnson 'dgansn |-ese ^dsansn'iz
Johnsonian dsan'sonian
Johnston 'dsanstan '
Johnstown 'dsanz^taun
joie-de-vivre Fr jwadaVivr
join dsDin |-ed -d
joinder 'dsDinda^; ES 'dsoindaCr
joiner 'dsama^; ES 'd53in3(r; |-ed -d |-y -i
joint d33int |-ed -id j-ress -ris |-resses -risiz
joint-stock 'dsaint'stak ('joint-jstock 'bank)
jointure 'dsaintja^; ES ^dsointJaCr; |-d -d
joist d33ist, d33is ] -joists dsaists, dsois:
joke dsok | joked d3okt
JoHet III 'dsohjEt, -at, jdsoli'et, -al-
Jolhet, JoK- explorer 'dsolijEt, -3t, ^dsoli^et.
-al- {Fr 3l>'lJ8)
jollification jdsalafa'ke/an
jollify 'dsabjfai |-fied -^faid
jolly M3ali Ijollity Msalati
jolt d3olt Ijolted 'dsoltid
Jon d3an
Jonah 'dsona
Jonas 'd3on3s |-'s -iz
Jonathan 'dsanaGan
Jones dsonz |-'s -iz
jonglery 'dsagglan
jongleur 'dsaggla^; ES 'dsagglaCr; {Fr 30-
'gloe:r)
jonquil 'dsagkwil, 'd3an-
Jonson 'dsansn |-ian dsan'sonian
Joplin 'dsaplin
Joppa 'd3ap3
Jordan 'dgordn; ES 'd333dn
jorum 'dsoram, Msor-; S 'd3or3m
Joseph Msozaf |-phine 'd30Z3;fm
Josepha d3o'sif3 |-phus -fas |-phus's -fasiz
josh dsa/ Ijoshes 'dsajiz [joshed dsajt
spelt o are often pronounced with o in E mid S
Joshua 'dsajua, o.j. 'dsaja^we
Josiah d3o'sai3
joss d3as, dsDS |-es -iz
jostle 'dgasj |-d -d |-hng 'd3ashg, -slig
jot dsat Ijotted 'd3atid
Jotunn, -un 'jatun, 'jot- [-heim -jhem
Joule d3aul, dsul, dsol |joule dsaul, dsul
jounce dsauns Ijounces Msaunsiz |-d -t
Jourdain Shak. dsur'den; ES dsua-; Fr name
3ur'd£e
journal 'ds^nj; ES 'dsanl, 'dsynl; j-ed -d
|-ism -jizani |-ist -1st
journalese jdsynl'iz, -'is; ES jdssnl-, jdsynl-
journalistic jdsynl'istik; ES jdssnl-, jd3ynl-;
I -ally -h, -ikli
journahze 'd3ynljaiz; ES 'dgsnj-, 'dynl-;
j-s -IZ |-d -d
journey ^33^111; ES Mssni, 'dss'ni; |-ed -d
I -man -man |-men -man
joust d3Ast, dsaust |-ed -id
Jove dsov I Jovian 'dsovian
jovial 'd3ov3al, -vial |-ity jdsovi'aelati
Jovinian d3oVinian
Jowett 'd3auit
jowl dsaul, dsol |-ed -d
joy d3Di |-ed -d |-ful -fal | -fully -fah j-ous -as
Joyce dsais |-'s -iz
Juab 'dsiiaeb, 'dsiuasb
Juan 'dsuan, 'dsiiian {Sp xwan)
Juanita wa'nita, wd-, wa- {Sp xwa'nita)
Juarez, Juarez 'hwares {Am Sp 'hwares)
Jubal 'dsubj, 'dsiubl
jubilance 'd3ublans, 'dsiu- |-cy -i |-ant -ant
jubilate 'dsubl^et, 'dsiu- |-d -id
Jubilate jdsuba'leti, jd3iu-
jubilation jdsubl'e/an, jdsiu-
jubilee 'd3ublji, 'd3iu-
Judaea d3u'dia, d3iu- |-n -n
Judah 'd3uda, 'dsiuda
Judaic d3u'de'ik, dsiu- |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
Judaism 'dsudi^izam, 'dsiu-
judaize 'dsudi^aiz, 'dsiu- j-s -iz j-d -d
Judas 'd3udas, 'dsm- j-'s -iz
Judd dsAd
Jude dsud, dsiud
Judea d3u'dia, d3iu- |-n -n
judge d3Ad3 [judges 'dsAdsiz 1-d -d
judgement 'd3Ad3mant
[full ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytiV; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fiuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan jEden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Judges
240
justificatory
Judges 'dsAdsiz
judgeship 'dsAdsJip
judgmatic dsAds'maetik |-al -1 j-ally -li, -ikh
judgment 'dsAdsmant
judicable Msudikabl, 'dsiu-
judicatory 'dsudika^ton, ^dsiu-, -jton; S
-jton
judicature ^dsudikat/a^, M31U-; ES -tj3(r
judiciable dsu'di/iabl, dsiu-
judicial dsu'di/al, dsiu- |-ly -i
judiciary dsuMiJi^en, dsiu-, -^difan
judicious dsu'di/as, dsiu-
Judith 'dsudiG, M31U-
Judson MsAdsn
Judy Msudi, 'dsiudi
jug d3Ag Ijugged dsAgd
Juggernaut, j- 'dsAga^^nat; ES MsAga-; |-cd
-id
juggle MsAgl I-d -d |-ling 'dsAglig, -ghij
jugglery ^dsAgbri
Jugoslav n ^jugo^slav, -jslaev
Jugoslav adj 'jugo'slav, -^slaev ('Jugo^slav
'state)
Jugoslavia 'jugo'slavia, -vja |-n -n
Jugoslavic jugo'slavik, -'sliev-
jugular MsAgjala^, less freq. 'dsug-; ES -b(r
Jugurtha dju'gyGa; ES -'g303, -'gyOa
juice dsus, dsius j-s -iz |-d -d j-cy -i
jujitsu dsuMsitsu, dsiu-
juju 'dsudsu |-ism -jizam ]-ist -ist
jujube 'd3ud3ub, 'd3nid3iub {Fr 3y'3yb)
jujutsu d3u'd3itsu, d3iu-
Jukes dsuks, d3iuks j-'s -iz
julep 'd3ukp, 'dsiu-, -lap
Julia 'd3ulJ3, 'd3iul- |-n -n
Juliana jdsub'aena, ^dsiul-, -ji'aena
Julien 'd3ulJ3n, M3iulJ3n
julienne jdsuh'en, idsiul-
Juliet 'd3ulJ3t, Msml-, -hat — The freqnerd
modern pron. jd5uh'Et has no basis in Shake-
speare's verse. Gf some 47 occiurences, 43
show only two syllables and initial accent;
in the 4 cases of three syllables {all highly
emotional) there is no evidence that the last
syllable had more than secondary accent.
Julius 'dsuljas, 'dsml- |-'s -iz
July dsu'lai, d3iu- ('Ju^ly 'first)
jumble 'd3Ambl |-d -d |-ling 'd3Amblio, -blig
Jumbo, j- 'd3Ambo
jump dsAmp [jumped d3Ampt
junco, J- 'd3Ai)ko
junction 'd3Ar)k/3n j-ed -d
juncture 'd3AgktJV; ES M3Agktj3(r
June d3un, d3run
Juneau 'd3uno, 'dsiu-
Jungfrau 'jug;frau
jungle 'dsAggl |-d -d
Juniata jdsuni'aeta, jdsiu-
junior 'd3unJ3', M3iun-; ES -J3(r
juniority d3un'J3r3ti, d3iun-, -'jar-, -'jnr-
juniper 'd3un3p3', 'd3iun-; ES -p3(r
Junius Mjunjas, 'd3iun-, -mas |-'s -iz
junk d3Agk Ijunked dsAgkt
Junker, j- 'jugka-; ES 'jugkaCr
junket 'd3Agkit j-ed -id
Juno M3uno, 'd3iuno
junta 'd3Ant3 |junto 'dsAnto
Jupiter 'd3Up3t3^, 'dsiu-; ES -t3(r
Jura 'dsura, 'dsiura {Fr 3y'ra)
jural Msural, 'dsiur- |-ly -i
jurant 'd3ur3nt, 'dsiur-
jurassic d3uVaesik, d3iu-
jurat 'd3uraet, 'dsiur-
juridical dsu'ridik}, dsiu- |-ly -i, -ikli
jurisconsult jdsuriskan'sAlt, jd3iur-, -'kan-
saU; ES + -'kDii-
jurisdiction jd3uris'dikj"3n, jd3iur- |-al -1
1-ally -h
jurisprudence ^dsuns'prudns, jdsicns'priud-
|-dent -dnt
jurist 'd3urist, 'd3icr-
juristic d3uVistik, dsiu- |-al -1 j-ally -Ii,
-ikh
juror 'd3ur3', 'dsiuras ES -r3(r
jury 'd3uri, 'd3iun j-man -man |-men -man
jury-rigged 'dsuri^rigd, 'dsiuri-
Jusserand Fr 3y'sra
just dsAst, lightly stressed adv often d5ast,
d38st
justice 'd3Astis |-s -iz |-d -t j-sliip -^Jip
justiciable dsAs'tiJiabl
justiciar d3As'tiXi3'; ES -'tiJi-aCr
justiciary d3As'tiJij£ri
justifiability jd3Astajfaia'bilati
justifiable 'd3Astajfaiabl |-bly -bli
justification jdsAstafa'ke/an
justificatory dsAs'trfakajton, 'd3Astafajke-
tari; EN+-jtari
Key: See in full §§3-^7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg jangn.- 'aeg-gri
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wotj (§12) |jaw d33 |gorge gard3 |go go
j ustif y
241
Kazan
justify 'djAstajfai |-fied -jfaid
Justin ^dsAstin |-ian dsAs'tmian
Justus MsAstas |-'s -iz
Jut dsAt Ijutted 'dsAtid
jute, J- dsut, dsmt
Jutland MsAtland
Juvenal 'dsuvanl, 'dsiuv-
juvenescence jdsuva'nesns, jdsiu- j-ent -nt
juvenile 'dsuvanl, 'dsiu-, -ml, -^nail
juvenility jdjuva'nilati, jdsiu-
juxtapose ^dsAksta'poz j-s -iz |-d -d
juxtaposition jd3Akst3p3'zij3n |-al -1
K
K, k letter ke \pl K's, Ks, pass K
s ke2
Karakoram ^kara'koram, ^kaera-; EN+
Kaaterskill 'kat^z.kil, 'kat-; ES
-taz-
-'karam
Kabul 'kabul
KareHa ka'rUia
Kadesh-Barnea 'kede/'bornia;
ES -
'bam-.
Karl karl; ES ka:l, E+ka:I
E+ -'barn-
Karlsbad 'karlzbaed; ES 'ka:lz-, E + 'ka:lz-;
Kaffir, Kafir 'kaefa^; ES 'kaefaCr
{Ger 'karlsbat)
Kahoka ka'hoka
Karlsruhe 'karlzrua; ES 'ka:Iz-, E + 'ka:lz-;
kaiser, K- 'kaiza'; ES 'kaiz3(r
{per 'korlsru-.a, -'ru:a)
Kalamazoo ^kaelama'zu
karma 'karma, 'ks^ma; ES 'ka:ma, 'ksma.
kale kel
'kyma; {Hind 'kArma)
kaleidoscope ks'laida^skop
Karnak 'karnaek; ES 'ka:-, E + 'ka:-
kaleidoscopic ka^laida'skapik; ES+-
sknp-;
Karroo, Karoo, k- ka'ru, kae'ru
l-al -1 l-ally -li, -ikh
Kashmir India kaej'imr; ES -'mia(r; |-ian
kalends 'kaelindz, -andz, -nz
-ran
Kalevala jkabVola
Kaskaskia kaes'kaeskia
Kalkaska kael'kaeska
Katahdin ka'tadin, -dn
Kallyope 'calliope' 'kaebiOp
Kate, k- ket
Kalmuck, k-, -muk 'kaebnAk
Katharina jkaeOa'rina
kalsomine 'kjelsa^main |-d -d
Katharine 'kaeOrin, 'kteGarm
Kama 'kama
katharsis ka'Oarsis; ES -'Oa:s-, E+-'6a:s-
Kamchatka kaem'tjaetka
Katherine 'kaeGrin, 'kaeGarin
Kamerun jkaema'run (Ger jkama'
ru:n)
Kathleen 'kaeGlin
Kanaka ka'naeka, 'kaenaka
kathode 'kaeOod
Kanawha ka'nawa
Kathrine 'kaeGrin, 'kaeGann
Kanchanjanga jkantX3n'd3agga
Katrine 'kaetnn, 'kaetrin, Sc 'kat-
Kandahar jkaenda'hctr, ^kAnda-;
ES
-'ha:(r
Kattegat 'kaetiigaet, jkaeti'gaet
Kandy 'kaendis %an-
katydid 'ketijdid |-dided -jdidid
Kane ken
Kauai jka-u'a-i
kangaroo ^kaegga'ru |-ed -d
Kauffman 'kafman [Kaufman 'kafman {Ger
Kankakee jk^gka'ki
'kaufman)
Kansas 'kaenzss, rarely -sas; S+-
zis; 1
-an -an
Kaukauna ka'kana
|-sas' -as, -IS
Kavanagh 'kaeva^na, -na
Kant kaent {Ger kant) |-ian -lan
|-ism
-izam
Kavanaugh 'kaevajna, -na
|-ianism -lanjizam
kay ke
kaoliang ^kaoh'aeg
Kay ke
kaoUn, -ine 'keahn
kayak 'kaiaek
kapok 'kepak, 'ksepak; ES+-pnk
Kaye ke jKaye-Smith 'ke'smiG
kappa 'kaepa
Kazan ka'zan
|full ful jtooth tuG [further 'fytJa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish d^J" [vision 'visan [Eden 'idif [cradle 'kred| [keep 'em 'kipip
Kean
242
Keswick
Kean, -e kin
Kenmore US 'kenmor, -mar; ES -moafr, E +
Kearny, -ey 'karni; ES 'ka:ni, E +
'ka:ni
-mD3(r; Scotl Ken'more
Kearsarge 'kirsards; ES 'ki3sa:d3, E +
Kennan 'kenan
-sa:d3; l-'s -iz
Kennebec jkena'bek ('Kennejbec 'River)
Keats kits |-'s -iz
Kennebunk jkena'bAgk
Keble 'kibl
Kennebunkport jkenabAok'port -'port; ES
Kedar 'klda^; ES 'kidaCr
-'poat, E-K-'paat
kedge keds |kedges 'kedsiz |kedged kedsd
Kennedy 'kenadi
kedgeree 'ked33jri, ^kedsaVi
kennel 'kenl j-ed -d |-ly 'kenli
Kedron 'kidrsn
Kennedy 'kena-b; ES 'kenali
keel kil 1 keeled kild [-less 'killis
Kennesaw 'kena^sD
keelhaul 'kil^hal |-ed -d
Kenneth 'keniG
keelson 'k£lsn, 'kii-
Kennett Square 'kenit'skwEr, -'skwasr; E
keen kin |-ness 'kinnis
-'skw£a(r, ES -'skwasa(r
Keene kin
keno 'kino
keep kip |kept kept |-sake 'kip^sek
Kenora ka'nora, -'nara; S -'nora
Keewatin ki'watin, -'wnt-
Kenosha ka'nqfa
keg kEg L.A. shows that keg 6" less
freq. kaeg
Kenova ka'nova
are used by cultured informants.
Kensington 'kenziijtan
Keighly Yks 'kiGh
Kent kent |-ish -ij
Keightley 'kith
Kenton 'kentan
Keijo 'ke'dso
Kentucky kan'tAki, /oc. +ken'tAki j-kian -an
Keith kie
Kenya 'kenja, /oc. + 'kinia
Kellar, -er \el^; ES 'kela(r
Kenyon 'kenjan
Kelley, -ly, k- 'keli Ikelhed 'kehd
Keokuk 'kla^kAk
Kellogg 'kebg, -ag, -og
kepi 'kepi
Kelmscot 'kemskat (Kelm- J274,
Kemscott
Kepler 'keplsr; ES 'kepla(r
1695), 'kelm-
kept kept, before some conss. +kep ('kep'takig)
kelp kslp
Ker, -rr ky, kar; ES k3(r, ky, ka:(r, E + ka:(r
kelpie, -py 'kelpi
keratin 'keratin
Kelsey 'kelsi
kerb kyb; ES ksb, kyb; | -stone -jSton
Kelso 'kelso
kerchief 'kyt/if; ES 'ks-, 'ky-; j-s -s !-ed -t
kelson 'kelsn
kerf kyf, karf; ES kaf, kyf, ka:f, E+ka:£
Kelt kelt |-ist -ist
kermes 'ks^miz; ES 'ksm-, 'kym-
kelter 'kelta^; ES 'keltaCr
kermis, -mess 'kymis; ES 'ksm-, 'kym-; ]-es
Keltic 'ksltik |-ally -h, -ikh
-IZ
Kelticism 'keltajSizam |-cist -sist
kern kyn; ES ksn, kyn; |-ed -d
Kelvin 'kelvin
Kernahan, -no- 'kyna/hten, 'kar-; ES 'ks-,
Kemal ka'mal, 'kemal
'ky-, 'ka:-, E + 'ka:-
kemb kem |kembed kemd or kempt kempt
kernel 'kynl; E-S 'ksnl, 'kynl; |-ed -d
Kemble 'kembl
kernelless 'kynlhs; ES 'ksn-, 'kyn-
Kemmerer 'kemara^; ES 'kemaraCr
kerosene 'kera^sin, jkera'sin |-d -d
kemp, K- kemp
Kerr ky, kar; ES ksd, ky, ka:(r, E-t-ka:(r
Kempis 'kempis |-'s -iz
Kerry 'ken
ken ken kenned ksnd
kersey, K- 'kyzi; ES 'kszi, 'kyzi
Kendal, -11 'kendl |-ville -jVil
Kershaw ky'/a; ES ks-, ky-
Kenedy 'ksnadi
Kesteven Lines 'kestivan, /oc.+kes'tivan
Kenelm 'kenalm, -elm
kestrel 'kestral
Kenilworth 'kEnljwyG; ES -jW30, -
jW3^G
Keswick 'kezik
Kc^: See in full §§3^7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg langrs' 'aeg-gri
|bath baeS; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wDtJ (§12) |jaw Ay» |gorge gards |go go
ketch
243
kindle
ketch, K- ketf ]-es -iz
Kilauea jkilau'ea
ketchup 'ketjap
Kildare kil'der, -'daer; E -'dE3(r, ES -'dae3(r
ketene 'kitin
kilderkin 'kilda^kin; ES 'kilda-
ketone 'kiton
kilerg 'kiljS'g; ES -flg, -^yg
kettle, K- 'ketl i-drum -jdrAm — 'kitl, a his-
Kilkenny kil'ksni ('Kil^kenny 'cats)
torical variant, is still not infrequently heard.
kill kil Ikilled kild |-able -abl
Keturah ki'tjura, -'tiura
Killarney ki'larni; ES -'la:ni, E + -'la:ni
Keuka ki'juka, 'kjuka
killdeer 'kilidir;ES -jdi3(r, S + -jdE3(r, -jdje3(r
Kew kju, km
Killiecrankie /kili'kraegki
Kewanee ka'wani, -'wnni
Killigrew 'kib^gru, -igriu
Kewaunee ka'wani
killjoy 'kil(d33i
Keweenaw 'kiwi^nD
Kilmarnock kil'marn3k; ES -'ma:n-, E+
key, K- ki j-ed -d |-board -^bord, -
jbord; ES
-'ma:n-
-jboad, E+-jb33d
Kilmer 'kilma^; ES 'kilm3(r
Keyes kiz, kaiz |-'s -iz
kiln kil, kiln — spelt kill since 1470 {so in the
keyhole 'ki^hol
1611 Bible) — The n sound was lost from
keyman 'ki^maen, -'maen |-men -jinEn, -'mEn
kiln in the same way as it was from ell, mill,
Keynes kenz |-'s -iz
Milne.
keynote 'ki^not, -'not
kiln-dry 'lul^drai | -dried -^draid
Keyport 'ki^port, -^pDrt; ES -^poat,
E + -iP33t
kilo 'kilo, 'ki-
Keyser 'kaiz*; ES 'kaiz3(r
kilocalorie 'kibikaebn
keystone, K- 'kijston j-d -d
kilocycle 'kil3jsaikl
Key West 'ki'west
kilogram, -mme 'kib^graem
Kezia, -h ka'zaia
kiloliter, -tre 'kibjita^; ES -jlit3(r
khaddar 'kAda^; ES 'kAdaCr
kilometer, -tre 'kil3/mit3^, much less freq.
khaki 'kaki, 'kaeki |-ed -d
ki'lam3t3*; ES -t3(r, -'loin-
khan, K- kan, kaen
kilowatt 'kibjwat, -J wot
Kharkov 'karkDf, -k»f ; ES 'ka:-, E
+ 'ka:-
kilowatt-hour 'kib^wat'aur, -^wot-; ES
Khartoum, -turn kar'tum; ES ka:-.
E+ka:-
-'au3(r
Khayyam kai'am, -'aem, -'jam, -'jaem
Kilpatrick kil'paetrik
khedive, K- ka'div j-vial -lal, -jal
-viate -lit
kilt kilt Ikilted 'kiltid
Khmer kmer; ES kme3(r
kilter 'kilta^; ES 'kilt3(r
Khyber 'kaiba^; ES 'kaib3(r
Kim kim |-ball -bl |-berley -ba^li; ES -bab
Kiangsu 'kjaeo'su {Chin 'dsjag'su)
Kimbolton kim'boltn, NC 'kimblt3n.
Kiaochow 'kjau't/au {Chin 'dsjau'dso)
Hunts kim'boltn, /orwe/'Zy 'kimlt3n {Shak.
kibe kaib |kibed kaibd
Kymmalton)
kibitzer 'kibitsa^, ka'bit-; ES -S3(r
kimono k3'mon3, -no
kibosh 'kaiba/, ki'baj; ES + -dX
kin km
kick kik |-ed -t |-back -jbaek j-ofE -
of, -jOf
kinaesthesia ^kims'Oiss, -zi3 |-thetlc -'GEtik
kickshaw 'kik/a
Kincaid kin'ked, kig'ked
kickup 'kikjAp
Kincardine kin'kardin, kig-; ES -'ka:d-.
kid kid Ikidded 'kidid i-dy -i
E + -'ka:d-
Kidd kid
Kinchinjunga jkint/in'dsAgga
kidnap 'kidnajp l-(p)ed -t
kind kaind
kidney 'kidm
kindergarten 'kinda^jgartn; ES 'kind3jga:tn;
Kidron 'kidran
E+-jga:tn; |-tner, -tener -tna^; ES -tn3(r
kidskin 'kidjskm
kindhearted 'kamd'hartid; ES -'ha:t-, E +
Kiel kil
-'ha:t-; ('kind-hearted 'man)
Kiev kl'Ev, -'eI, 'kiEv, -Ef
kindle 'kindl |-d -d |-ling -dlig, -dlig
I full ful I tooth tu6 [further 'fySa^; ES 'f3t53 [custom 'kAst3m | while hwarl |how hau |toy tai
|using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dif [vision 'vi33n |Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
kindling
kindling n 'kindlig
kindness 'kaindnis, 'kainms |-es -iz
kindred 'kindrid, -ad
kine kam |-pox -^paks; ES + 'ipoks
kinema 'kinama
kinematic jkina'maetik j-al -1 j-ally -li, -ikli
kinematograph jkina'maetajgraef; E + -jgraf,
-igraf
kinesthesia jkinis'Gisa, -zia |-thetic -'Gstik
kinetic ki'netik, kai- [-al -1 [ally -li, -ikli
kinfolk 'kin,fok
king, K- kig
kingbird 'kig^byd; ES -^bsd, -^byd
kingbolt 'kig,bolt
kingcraft 'kig^kraeft; E+-jkraft, -^kroft
kingdom 'kigdam
Kingdon 'kigdan
kingfisher 'kigjfi/a'; ES -^fiJaCr
kinglet 'kiglit
kingpin 'kig^pin
Kingsbury 'kigzjberi, -ban
kingship 'kigjip
Kingsley 'kigzli
Kingston, -e 'kig-stan, 'kigz'tan, 'kigks-
Kingstown 'kigzjtaun
kink kigk [kinked kigkt Ikinky ^kigki
Kinkaid kin'ked, kig'ked
kinkajou 'kigka^dsu
kinnikinnick, -kinic jkinika'nik
Kinross kin'ras, -'ros |-ross-shire -Vasfir,
-'raj/-, -Vd-, -Ja^; ES -JiaCr, -JaCr
Kinsey 'kinsi, -zi
kinsfolk 'kinz^fok
kinship 'kinjip
kinsman, K- 'kinzman ]-men -man
kinswoman 'kinzjwuman, -jwu- |-women
-jWimin, -an
kiosk ki'ask, 'kaiask; ES + -'Dsk, -osk
Kioto 'kjoto
Kiowa US places 'kaiawa
Kiowa, -way Indian 'kaiajwe, -wa
Kipling 'kiplig
kipper 'kipa^; ES 'kipa(r; |-ed -d
Kirby 'kybi; ES 'ksbi, 'kybi
Kirghiz kir'giz; ES kia-; |-'s -iz
kirk, K- kyk; ES ksk, kyk
Kirkby 'kykbi, 'kybi; ES 'ks-, 'ky-
Kirkcaldy ky'kaldi, -'kadi, -'kadi; ES ks-,
ky-
244 knead
Kirkcudbright ky'kubn; ES ks-, ky-; ]-shire
-Jir, -JV; ES -Jia(r, -/a(r
Kirkland 'ka-kland; ES 'ksk-, 'kyk-
kirmess 'kynus; ES 'ksm-, 'kym-; |-es -iz
Kirtland 'kytland; ES 'kst-, 'kyt-
kirtle 'kytl; ES 'kstl, 'kytl; |-d -d
kismet 'kizmet, 'kis-
kiss kis Ikisses 'kisiz |kissed kist
kist kist
kit, K- kit l-ty -i
kitcat 'kit/kaet
kitchen, K- 'kit/in, -an
Kitchener, k- 'kit/ina', -ana^, -t/na^; ES -na(r
kitchenette jkitj'in'et, -an-
kitchenware 'kitjin^wer, -an-, -jwaer; E
-jwea(r, ES -jwaea(r
Kitchin 'kitjin
kite kait | kited 'kaitid
kithkiG
Kittanning ki'tsenig
Kitta tinny jkita'tini
kitten 'kitn — The pron. ^hitan is substatidard.
Kittery 'kitari
Kittitas 'kitijtaes |-'s -iz
kittiwake 'kitijwek
kittle 'kitl
Kittredge 'kitrids |-'s -iz
kitty, K- 'kiti
Kitty Hawk 'kiti'hak |Kittyhawk 'kitijhak
kiva 'kiva
Kiwanian ka'wanian, -'won- |-wanis -nis
kiwi 'kiwi
Klaeber 'kleba^; ES 'kkbaCr
Klamath 'kltemaO
KleinSmid, von fan'klainjsmid
kleptomania jkkpta'menia |-niac -'meiUjak
klieg klig
Klingsor 'kligzor, -zar; ES -zoa(r, E+-z3a{r
Klondike 'klandaik; ES + 'klnn-
Klopstock 'klapstak; ES + 'klopstnk; {Ger
'klap/tak)
Kluge Ger scholar 'kluga; Eng jiaine kluds,
kliuds
knack naek |knacked naekt
knag naeg |knagged 'naegid |-gy -i
knap naep | knapped naept |-sack -jS£ek
knar nar; ES na:(r, E+na:(r; |-red -d |-ry -i
knave nev ]-d -d |-ry -an, -n |-ship -/ip
knead nid [kneaded 'nidid
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret |yet J£t |sang saeg Iangr\- 'feg-gn
|bath baeO; E baO (§10) lah a Ifar far Iwatch watf, wntf (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
knee
245
Krakatao
knee ni | kneed nid |-cap -jkaep
knur, -rr ny; ES n3(r, ny; [-(r)ed -d
knee-deep 'ni'dip ('knee-jdeep 'clover)
knurl nyl; ES nsl, nyl; [-ed -d
knee-high 'ni'hai
Knut ka'nut, -'niut, -'niut = Canute
kneel nil [knelt nelt or kneeled nild
knut 'nut' humorous ka'nAt
kneepad 'ni^paed |-pan -jpaen
Knutsford 'uAtsfa'd; ES 'nAtsfad
knell nel | knelled neld
Kobe 'kobi
Kneller 'nela^; ES 'ndad
Koblenz 'kobknts [-'s -iz
knelt nelt
kobold 'kobald, -bold, -bold {Ger 'korbalt)
knew nju, nm, nu
Kobuk ko'buk
knicker 'luka^; ES 'nikaCr; [-ed -d
Koch Ger kax; 'Assamese^ kotj [-es^otjiz
Knickerbocker, k- 'nika^jbaka^; ES ^mka-
Kodak 'kodaek kodaked 'kodakt
ibak3(r, -jbnk-; |-ed -d
Kodiak 'kodi^ajk
knickknack 'nik^naek -ery -an, -ri
Koekeritz 'k£karits |-'s -iz
knife n naif [knife's naifs {in Shak. knives
Koheleth ko'hehO
naivz) \pl knives naivz — The pronunciation
Koh-i-noor, Kohinoor, -nur ^ko-i'nur; ES
naivz for knife's is the older possessive singu-
-'nua(r
lar.
kohl, K- kol [Kohlan 'kolan
knife v naif [knifes naifs [knifed naift
Kohler 'kola^; ES 'kob(r
knifeful 'naif^ful [-s -z
kohlrabi 'kol^rabi, 'kol'rabi
knight nait [knighted 'naitid |-age -idg
koine 'kaini, -ni
knight-errant 'nait'erant [-ry -ri
Kokomo 'koka^mo
knighthood 'nait-hud
kola 'kola
knit nit [knit nit or knitted 'nitid
Komintern jkamin'tyn, 'kamin^tyn; ES -an.
knives naivz knive's naivz — see knife n
-s'n, -Dm-
knob nab; ES+nnb; [-bed -d, -id |-by -i
Kongo 'kaggo; ES + 'kog-
knobble 'nabl; ES + 'nubl; [-d -d [-hng -bho.
Konigsberg 'kenigz^byg; ES -jbsg, -jbyg;
-bhg [bly -bli, -bli
{Ger 'k0:niksjberk)
Knoblock 'nablak; ES-t-'noblok
koodoo 'kudu
knock nak; ES+nok; [-ed -t [-about -a^baut
Kootenay, -nai 'kutn^e
knockdown 'nak,daun; ES-i-'nok-
kopeck, -pek 'kopek
knock-knee 'nak^ni; ES + 'nok-; [-d -'nid
kopje 'kapi; ES + 'kopi
knockout 'nak^aut; ES + 'nok-
kor kor, kar; ES koa(r, E-t-kaaCr
knoll nol |-ed -d [-y -i
Koran ko'ran, -'raen
knop nap; ES+nop; [-ped -t [-py -i
Korea India 'korijO, 'kar-; S 'kor-
Knossus 'nasas; ES + 'nos-; [-sus' -sas
Korea Japan ko'ria, ka-; S ko-; [-n -n
knot nat; ES-t-nnt; [-ted -id [-ty -i
Korzybski kar'zibski; ES kaa-
knothole 'natjhol; ES-h'nnt-
Kosciusko ;kasi'Asko; ES-t-^kos-; mt. -zi-
Knott nat; ES+not
kosher 'koJV; ES 'koJa(r
knout naut [knouted 'nautid
Kossuth ka'suG, ko- {Hung 'ko/ut)
know no [knew nju, niu, nu [known non
kotow ko'tau [-ed -d
knowledge 'nalidg; ES-t-'nul-; [-s -iz |-d -d
koumis, -ss, -yss 'kumis
[-able -abl [-bly -bli
Koussevitzky jkusa'vitski
Knowles nolz |-'s -iz
kowtow kau'tau, ko- [-ed -d
know-nothing, K-N- 'nOjnA0ig
Koyukuk ka'jukuk, ko-
Knox naks; ES+noks; j-'s -iz [-ville -vil;
kraal kral [kraaled krald
S + -vl
kraft kraeft; E+kraft, kraft
knuckle 'nAkj |-d -d [-ling -klig, -khg
Kraft, -fft kraft, krjeft
knucklebone 'nAkl,bon
Krag krag, kraeg
Knudsen 'nudsn, 'niudsn, 'njudsn
Krakatao jkraka'tao
[full ful jtooth tu6 [further 'fySa^; ES 'fstSa [custom 'kAStam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm
Krakow
246
lachrymal
Krakow 'kreko, 'kraekau {Pol 'krakuf)
Krapotkin city kra'patkin, -'pot-
kraut kraut
Kreisler 'kraisla^; ES 'kraisl3(r
kremlin, K- 'kr£mlin
Kresge 'kr8sgi, 'kreski
kreutzer, K-, kreuz- 'kroitsa^; ES 'kr3its3(r
Kreymborg 'krembarg; ES -baag
kriegspiel 'krig^spil
Kriemhild 'krimhild (Ger 'krirmhilt)
Krimhild 'krimhild
kris kris |krises 'krisiz
Krishna 'krijna |-ism -jizam |-ist -ist
Kriss Kringle 'kris'kriggl
krona 'krona {Sw 'kruma) \pl -nor -nor
krone 'krona \Ger pi kronen 'kronan
krone 'krone \Dan pi kroner 'kroner
Kropotkin anarchist kra'patkin, -'pot-
Kruger 'kruga^; ES 'kruga(r
Krupp krAp, krup (Ger krup)
Krutch krutj |-'s -iz
krypton 'kriptan, -ton
Kshatriya 'kjaetrija
Kubelik 'kubahk
Kublai Khan Chin rider 'kublai'kan
Kubla Kahn poem 'kubla'kan
kudos 'kjudas, -dos, 'kiu- ]-ed -t
kudu 'kudu
Kufic 'kjufik, 'kiu-
Ku-Klux, Kuklux 'kju^klAks, 'kiu- |-es -iz
|-ed -t
kulak ku'Iak |-ism -izam
kultur 'kultur; ES -tua(r; {Ger kul'tu:r)
kumiss 'kumis
kiimmel 'kiml {Ger 'kymal)
kumquat 'kAmkwat, -kwot
Kundry 'kundri
Kuomintang 'kwonun'taeg, 'gwo-, -'tag
Kurath, Hans 'haens'kjuraeO, -'kiu-, 'hans-
'kurat
Kurd kyd, kurd; ES ksd, kyd, kuad
Kurdistan jkydi'stsn, jkur-, -'stun; ES
jkad-, jkyd-, jkuad-
Kure 'kure
Kuril 'kuril |-ian ku'rilian, -Ijan
Kurland 'kurland; ES 'kua-
Kutztovv'n 'kutSjtaun
Kwangsi 'kwaeg'si, 'gwag-
Kwangtung China 'kwaeg'tAg, 'gwag'dug
Kwantung Manchuria 'kwaen'tAg, 'gwan-
'dug
Kweichow 'kwe't/au, 'gwe'dso
Kyd kid
Kyoto, Kio- 'kjoto
Kyrie eleison 'kiri^i a'leasn
Kythera 'kiGara
L, I letter el \pl L's, Ls, poss L's elz
laborious la'borias, -'bar-; S -'bor-
la intj la, la ; music la ; Fr article la
laborite, L- 'leba^rait
laager 'catnp' 'laga^; ES 'laga(r; \-ed -d
labor-saving 'leba- ^sevig ; ES 'leba-
Laban 'leban
Labrador 'lasbra^dar; ES -,daa(r
label 'lebl j-ed -d |-ing 'leblig, 'leblig
laburnum la'bynam; ES -'bsn-, -'ba^n-
labellum la'belam |-la -'bela
labyrinth 'laeba^rmO j-ths -8s
labial 'lebial |-ly -i
labyrinthian jiaeba'rineian
labialize 'lebialjaiz j-s -iz \-d -d
labyrinthine jlaeba'nnein, -6in
labiate adj 'lebijct, -but
lac laek
labile 'lebl, -bil
lace les [laces 'lesiz | laced lest
labium 'lebiam |-bia -bia
Lacedaemon jlaesa'diman
labor 'leba^; ES -ba(r; |-ed -d |-ing
-brig.
Lacedaemonian ,laesadi'monian, -njan
-bang
lacerate 'laesa^ret |-d -id |-tion jlaesa'refan
laboratory 'laebrajtori, 'laebara-, -bri-.
-]tari;
laches 'laetjiz
S -jtori
Lachesis 'laekasis |-sis' -sis
laborer 'lebara^; ES 'lebara(r
lachrymal 'laekraml
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret Ij^et jet |sang saeg |angr\- 'aeg-gri
I bath baeG; E baO (§10) iah a [far far | watch watj", wotj" (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards |go go
lachrymatory
247
laminate
lachrymatory 'laekramajtori, -itari; S -^tori
lag laeg | lagged laegd
lachrymose 'laekrajmos
lager 'cafnp' 'laga-; ES -g3(r; [-ed -d
laciniate la'sinijet, -it |-ated -jctid
lager beer 'laga*, 'bga^; ES -g3(r
lack laek | lacked laekt
Lagerlof Sw 'Ia:g3rjl0:v
lackadaisical jlaeka'dezikl |-ly -i, -ikh
laggard 'laega^d; ES 'lajgad
lackaday 'laekajde
lagniappe, -gnap- laen'jaep, 'Isenjaep
Lackawanna JaekaVana, -'wona
lagoon la 'gun
lackey 'laeki j-ed -d
La Guardia b'gwardia, -'gar-; ES -a:d-.
lackluster, -tre 'laekjAsta^; ES -t3(r
E+-a:d-; (// la'gwardja)
Laconia Is'konia |-n -n
Lahore b'hor, -'hor; ES -'ho3(r, E+-'h33(r
laconic, L- b^kaiuk; ES+-'kDn-; |-ally -ji,
laic 'le-ik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli
-ikh
laid past cr pptc of lay led
lacquer 'laeka^; ES -3(r; |-ed -d j-ing 'laekang.
lain pptc of He len
Uaekng
lair kr, laer; E le3(r, ES laeaCr; |-ed -d
lacrosse, L- la'kros, -'kros |-'s -iz
laird lerd, laerd, Sc lerd; E lead, ES laead
lactate 'laektet |-d -id |-tation laek'tejan
laissez faire, laisser jlese'fer, -'faer; E -'f£3(r.
lacteal 'laektial | lactic 'laektik
ES -'faea(r; {Fr kse'feir)
lactometer laek'tamata^ ; ES -'tamataCr, -'tom-
laity 'leati, 'le-iti
lactone 'laekton |-tose -tos
La Junta la'hAnta {Am Sp la'hunta)
lacuna b^kjuns, -'kiu- |-s -z |-nae -ni
lake lek
lacustrine b'kAstrm
Lalla Rooldi 'lala'nik, Brit 'laeb'ruk
lacy 'lesi
L'Allegro la'legro {It lal'le:gro)
lad laed | laddie Uaedi
lam laem |-med -d
ladder 'laeda-; ES -daCr; j-ed -d |-ing -dang,
lama 'lama
-drig
Lamar b'mar; ES la'ma:(r, E + -'ma:(r
lade led \past -d -id \ppic -d -id or laden 'ledn
Lamarck la'mark; ES -'ma:k, E+-'ma:k;
laden v 'ledn |-ed -d |-ing 'lednig, Uednig
|-ian -lan {Fr la'mark)
ladle 'ledl |-d -d |-ling 'ledlig, Uedlig
lamasery 'lamajS£ri
Ladoga Finl Uadoga, US places la'doga
lamb laem [lambed laemd | lambing 'laemig
ladrone b'dron, Sc 'laedran
lambaste laem'best |-d -id
lady Uedi | ladies, ladies', lady's 'lediz
lambda 'laemda
ladybird 'ledi^b^d; ES -ibsd, -^byd
lambency 'laembansi |-bent -bant
ladybug UedijbAg
Lambeth 'laembiO, -baO, -beO
ladyfinger Uedi^figga^; ES -g3(r
lambkin 'laemkin
lady-killer 'ledijkila^; ES -l9(r
lamblike 'laemjlaik
ladyhke Uedi^laik
lambrekin 'laemba^jkin, 'laembra-; ES 'laem-
ladylove UedijUv
ba-, -bra-
ladyship 'ledi,Jip
lambskin 'laem^skin
lady-slipper 'ledi^slipa^; ES -p3(r
lame lem | lamed lemd
lady's-slipper Uediz,sbp3^; ES -p3(r
Lamech 'lemak, -mek
Laertes li'ytiz, le-; ES -'stiz, -'s^tiz; |-tes' -tiz
lamella b'mela j-s -z |-lae -'meli
La Farge Wiai's, commonly Anglic, la'fards;
lament la'ment |-ed -id
ES -'fa:-, E + -'fa:-; |-'s -iz
lamentable 'laemantabl |-bly -bli
Lafayette Fr general Jafi'tt {Fr lafa'JEt), US
lamentation ilaeman'tejan
places pron. variously jlaefi'(j)£t, jlefi'(i)£t.
La Mesa b'mesa |Lamesa la'mlsa
b'fe(j)it
Lamia poem 'lemia; Gk town b'mia, 'lemia
Lafeu, Shak. Lafew b'fju, -'fiu
lamina 'lamana |-s -z 1-nae -jnl |-nar -na^; ES
La Follette b'falit; ES + -'fDl-
-n3(r
La Fontaine lafan'ten, -fon- {Fr lafo'ten)
laminate adj 'laemanit, -,net
[full ful I tooth tuG [further 'fySa^; ES 'fstSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan jEden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipip
laminate
248
Laplace
laminate v 'laemajnet \-d -id |-tion ^laema-
Landseer 'laendsir, 'laen-; ES -si3(r
'nejan
Land's End 'laendz'end, 'laenz-
Lammas Uaemas |-tide -jtaid
landskip arck. 'landscape' 'laendskip
Lammermoor 'laema^iinur; ES 'laema^muaCr;
landslide 'laend, slaid, 'Isen-
(Sc jlamar'muir)
landslip 'laend^shp, 'laen-
Lammermuir 'laema^jinjur, -jiniur; ES 'laema-
landsman 'laendzman, 'laenz- j-men -man
jmju3(r, -jmiU3(r; (5c jlamar'mjuir)
landward 'laend wa^d; ES 'laend wad; |-s -z
Lamont b'mant; ES + -'inDnt
lane len
lamp laemp | lamped laempt
Lanett b'nst
lampad 'laempaed
Lanfranc 'laenfraegk
lampblack 'laemp^blaek |-ed -t
Langlade 'liegled {Fr la'glad)
lamplight 'laempjlait |-er -a^; ES -3(r
Langland 'laegbnd
Lampman 'laempman
Langley 'laegh
lampoon laem'pun |-ed -d
Langmuir 'laegmjur, -miur; ES -afr
lamppost 'laemp/post
langsyne 'laeg'sain, in the song cjtcn -'zain
Lamprecht 'laemprekt {Ger 'lamprExt)
Langtree, -try 'laegtri
lamprey 'laempri
language 'laeggwids |-s -iz |-d -d
Lanark 'laena^k; ES 'laenak; |-shire -Jir, -/a^;
langue d'oc, L- Fr lag'dak
ES -i/i3(r, -S3(r
langue d'oil Fr lag'dail, -'db:j
Lancashire 'laegkaj/ir, -JV; ES -;Ji3(r, -X3(r
languid 'laeggwid
Lancaster Engd 'laegkasta^ ; ES -t3(r; US
languish 'laeggwij |-es -iz |-ed -t
places variously 'laegkasta^, Uaeijikaesta^,
languor 'laegga^; ES 'laegga(r; |-ous -as, -gras
'laenjkaesta' ; ES -t3(r
laniard 'laenja^d; ES 'laenjad
Lancastrian laso'kaestrian
Lanier b'nir; ES -'nia(r
lance laens; E+lans, lans; j-s -iz |-d -t
lank laegk |-ily 'laegkli, -ili
Lancelot 'lasnsabt, 'Ian-, -Jat; ES+'^lot
lanolin 'laenalin |-line -lin, -,lin
lanceolate 'laensialit, -Jet
Lansdowne 'laenzdaun
Lanes short for Lancashire laegks
Lansing 'laensig
land laend landed 'laendid
lantern 'laenta^n; ES 'laentan
landau 'laendD
lanthanum 'laenOanam
landfall 'lasnd.fal, 'la;n-
lanthorn arch. sp. 0/ lantern 'laenta^n; ES -tan
land-grant 'lajndjgrtent, Uaen-; E+-jgrant,
lanyard 'laenja-d; ES 'laenjad
-jgrant
Laocoon le'akajwan, -,WDn, -ko,an, -jon;
landgrave 'laend, grev, 'laen-
ES + -'Dk-
landgravine 'laendgr3,vin, 'laen-
Laodamia Jeoda'maia
landholder 'laend jholda^; ES -^holdaCr
Laodicea Jeada'sb, ,leo-, le,ada'sio; ES+
landlady 'l^endjedi, 'laen-
-,Dd-; |-n -n
landless 'laendhs
Laomedon le'ama,dan, -'omajdon, -dan
landlocked 'laendjakt; ES + -,lDkt
lap laep | lapped laept
landlord 'laend ,brd, 'lajn-; ES -jbad
La Paz b'pas {Am Sp la'pas)
landlubber 'laend jUba^; ES -jUbaCr
lapboard 'laep,bord, -jbard; ES -jboad.
landmark 'laend ,mark, 'laen-; ES -;ma:k,
E + -,baad
E+-jma:k
lapel b'pel |lapelled b'peld
land-office 'laendpfis, -^nfis, -^afis |-s -iz
lapful 'laepjful j-s -z
Landor 'laenda^, -dor; ES -d3(r, -d33(r
lapidary 'laepajden
landowner 'laendjona^; ES -j0n3(r
lapin 'laepin {Fr la 'pa)
land-poor 'laend 'pur, 'laen-; ES -'pu3(r.
lapis lazuh 'laepis'laezjajlai, -ju-
-'po3(r, -'p33(r
Lapithe 'laepijOi
landscape 'laenskep, 'laend- |-d -t
Laplace b'plaes, lae- |-'s -iz {Fr la'plas)
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet J£t [sang s«g langr>' 'ieg-gri
|bath baeG; E baO (§10) |ah a [far far |watch wat/, wotj (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
La Place
249
Latrobe
Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:in)
Words below that have se before r (carry 'kaeriX.are often pronounced in N with e ('ken, §94)
La Place la 'pies |-'s -iz
Las Casas las'kasas (Sp las'kasas)
Lapland 'laep^laend
Lascelles 'laeslz, b'selz |-'s -iz (Lassells 1574)
Laplander 'laepilaenda', -bnda'; ES -daCr
lascivious la'sivias, lae-
La Plata b'plata (Sp la'plata)
Las Cruces las'krusis (Am Sp las'kruses)
Lapp lap
lash laef [lashes 'lae/iz [lashed laeft
lappet 'laepit |-ed -id
lass laes [lasses 'laesiz [lassie 'laesi
lapse laeps [lapses 'laepsiz [lapsed laepst
lassitude 'laes3itjud, -jtiud, -^tud
lapsus linguae 'laepsas'liggwi
lasso 'laeso, older lae'su [-ed -d
Laputa b'pjuta, -'pm- |-tan -tn
last n, adj, v laest; E+last, last; [-ed -id — bef.
lapwing 'laepjWig
conss. often laes ('laes'nait)
lar lar; ES la:(r; \Latin pi lares 'leriz \Eng pi
Las Vegas las'vegas [-'s -iz
lars -z
latch laetj [latches 'laet/iz [latched laetjt
Laramie 'laerami
latchet 'laet/it
larboard 'larba^d, -jbord, -jbord; ES 'laibad.
latchkey 'laet/^ki
-jboad, E+-jb33d
latchstring 'laet/jstrig, -ijtrig
larcener 'larsna^; ES 'la:sn3(r; j-cenous -snas
late let
|-ceny -sni
lateen lae'tin
larch lart/; ES laitj; j-es -iz
latency 'letnsi [-tent -tnt
lard lard; ES la:d; |-ed -id
lateral 'laetaral |-ly -i
larder 'lorda-; ES 'la:d3(r
Lateran 'laetaran
Lardner 'lardna^; ES 'la:dn3(r
latex 'leteks [-es -iz [latices 'laetajslz
Laredo b'redo, la-, -'ri-
lath n laeO; E+laG, laO; [ths -3z, -Gs
lares L pi of lar 'leriz
lath V laeO; E+laG, laG; [-ths -Gs |-ed -t
large lards; ES la:d5
Lathbury 'laeG^beri, -ban
large-hearted 'lards'hartid; ES 'lards'hartid
lathe leti |-thes -tJz
large-scale 'lards'skel; ES 'la:d3-; ('large-
lather 'one who latJts' 'laeGa^; ES 'laeGa(r,
-scale 'buying)
E + 'laG-, 'laG-
largess, -sse 'lardsis; ES 'lardsis; j-es, -s -iz
lather 'lathe-worker' 'letSa^; ES 'letJa(r
larghetto lor'geto; ES la:-; {It lar'getto)
lather foatn' 'laeSa^; ES 'lae?a(r; |-ed -d |-ing
largo 'largo; ES 'la:go
'laetSarig, 'laetirig
lariat n 'laeriat
Lathrop 'leGrap
lariat v 'laerijaet |-ed -id
lathwork 'laeGjWyk; ES -jwsk, -jwyk, E-i-
lark lark; ES la:k; |-ed -t
'laG-, 'laO-
larkspur 'larkjspy; ES 'la:kjsp3(r, -jspy
lathy 'like a lath' 'laeGi; E + 'laGi, 'laGi
Lamed 'lamid; ES 'la:nid
Latimer 'laetama^; ES 'laetama(r
larrikin 'laerajkin
Latin 'laetn, 'laetin |-ed -d [-ism -jizam [-ist
larrup 'laerap [larruped 'laerapt
-ISt
Lars Porsena 'larz'porsina ; ES 'laiz'paasina
Latinity lae'tmati
Lartius 'larjias, -/as; ES 'la:/-; |-'s -iz
Latinize 'laetrijaiz, -tiiijaiz |-s -iz [-d -d
larum 'laeram, 'leram; S 'laeram
latish 'letij
larva 'larva; ES 'la:v3; |-vae -vi l-val -vl
latitude 'laetajtjud, -^tiud, -;tud
laryngeal la'rmdsial [-gitis jlienn'dsaitis
latitudinarian jlaetajtjudn'Enan, -jtiud-.
laryngology Jaerig'galadsi; ES+-'gDl-
-;tud-, -'er-
laryngoscope la'riggajskop
Latium 'le/iam
larynx 'laerigks |-es -iz [larjoiges b^nndsiz
Latona la'tona, le-
La Salle la'sael (Fr la'sal)
latrine la'trin
lascar, L- 'laska^; ES 'IteskaCr
Latrobe la'trob
[full ful [tooth tuO [further 'fytS*; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tDi
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/Jvision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipiji
latron
250
leadsman
latron Uetran
lavender 'Isevanda-; ES -da(r
latten 'laetn
Lavengro la'vEggro, lae-
latter 'laeta-; ES 1aet3(r; [-ly -li
laver 'leva^; ES 'levaCr
lattice 'laetis |-s -iz |-d -t
Lavinia la'vinia, -nja
latticework 'laetiSjwyk; ES -jWak, -^wyk
lavish 'laevi/ j-es -iz j-ed -t
Latvia 'laetvia \-n -n
law b |lawed bd |-ful -fal [-fully -fal
I
laud, L- bd 1 lauded Uadid
law-abiding 'ba/baidig
laudability jbda'bibti
lawbreaker 'bjbreka^; ES -jbreka(r
laudable 'bdabl j-bly -bli
lawgiver 'b^giva^; ES -jgiva(r
laudanum 'bdnam, ^bdnsm
lawmaker 'b^meka^; ES -^mekaCr
laudation b'de/an
lawmaking 'b^mekig
laudatory 'bdajton, -jtDri; S -^ton
lawn bn |lawned land
Lauder Uoda^; ES 'bd3(r; |-derdale -jdel
Lawrence, -ance 'brans, 'lar-, 'lor- |
-'S -IZ
laugh laef ; E laf, laef, laf ; |-ed -t
lawsuit 'bjsut, -^siut, -,sjut
laughable 'laefabl |-b]y -bli; E see laugh
lawyer 'bja^; ES 'bjaCr
laughingstock 'laefiOiStak; ES+-jStDk, E see
lax laeks |laxes 'laeksiz
laugh
laxative 'lasksativ | laxity 'laeksati
Laughlin 'Isflin, 'laf-, 'lak-, 'lax-; ES + 'b-,
lay past of lie le
E + 'la-
lay V le [laid led
laughter 'laefta'; ES -t3(r, E see laugh
lay n, adj le
Launce bns. Inns, lans |-'s -iz
Layamon 'leaman, 'iajaman
Launcelot 'bnsabt, 'Ion-, 'Ian-, -Jat; ES +
layer 'lea^, kr; ES 'le-aCr, lea(r; |-ed
-d
-Jot
layette le'et
Launceston Tastn 'bn^sestan, 'Ian-; Cornw
layman, L- 'leman [laymen -man
'bnstan, loc. 'Ian-, 'bn-, -sn
layoff 'lepf, -.of
launch bntj", lontj, lantj" |-es -iz j-ed -t
layout 'le^aut
launder 'bnda^, 'Ion-, 'Ian-; ES -da(r; |-ed -d
layover 'lejova^; ES -jovacr
|-ing -drig, -darig
lazar 'leza^; ES -za(r; — The a in lazar li'as
laundress 'bndris, 'Ion-, 'Ian- ]-es -iz
lengthened after the word 2vas shortened frcm
laundry 'bndri, 'Inn-, 'Ian-; NEfigd+^\an-;
Lazarus.
1 -dried -drid
lazaret, -tte Jaeza'ret |-retto -'reto
Laura 'bra
Lazarus 'laezaras, -zras |-'s -iz
laureate n 'brut [-ship -jj"ip
laze lez | lazes 'leziz | lazed lezd
laureate v 'bri^et |-d -id
lazy 'lezi | -bones -;bonz
laurel 'bral, 'lar-, 'lor- j-ed -d
lazzarone Jaeza'rone \pl -ni -nl {It
Jaddza-
Laurence 'brans, 'lar-, 'lor- |-'s -iz
'rome)
Laurens 'brans, 'lar-, 'Inr-, -anz j-'s -iz
lea, L- li
Laurentian b'ren/ian, -Jan, la-, lo-
leach, L- lit/ | leaches 'lit/iz | leached
Ht/t
Laurie 'bri, 'lor-
Leacock 'lijkak, 'le-; ES+-jkok
Laurier 'bna^, 'lar-, 'Inr-; ES -i-aCr; C states-
lead n, v lid [led kd
man 'brijC, 'lar-, 'Inr-
lead metal kd | leaded 'kdid
Lausanne lo'zaen {Fr lo'zan)
Lead lid
lava 'lava, 'laeva
leaden v, adj 'kdn |-ed -d |-ing
'kdnig.
lavabo, L- la'vebo
'kdnig
Lavache la'vaetj |-'s -iz, in Shak. Lavatch
leader 'guide' 'lida^; ES 'lida(r
lavaliere, -ier Jaeva'lir; ES -'lia(r; (Fr lava-
leader Head-worker^ 'kd*; ES 'kdaCr
'lie:r)
leadoff 'lidpf, -ioi
lavatory 'laeva jtori, -/tan; S -jtori
lead-pencil 'kd'pensl, -iPtnsl
lave lev ] laved levd
leadsman 'kdzman |-men -man
Key: See in full §§3^7. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg langrj- 'aeg-gn
]bath baeG; E baG (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watj, wotj (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go
Leadville
251
legatee
Leadville 'ledvil
leazing 'falsehood' Uizig
leaf n lif | leaf's lifs [leaves livz
Lebanon 'kbanan
leaf V lif 1 leafs lifs 1-ed -t — c/ leave v
Le Beau la 'bo, in Shakespeare's day b'biu
leafage 'lifids |-s -iz
Lebrun Fr b'brce
leaflet 'liflit
lecher, L- 'ktJV; ES 'kt/aCr; |-ous -as, -t/ras
leafy 'lif i — cf leavy
l-y -I, -t/n
league lig [leagued ligd
lecithin 'ksa6m
leaguer 'liga^; ES -g3(r; |-ed -d |-ing -gang.
Lecky 'kki
-griO
Le Conte li'kant; ES+-'kDnt
Leah 'lia
lectern 'kkta^n; ES 'kktan
Leahy Am diplomat Uci, 'lehi
lection 'kk/an j-ary -,eTi
leak lik [leaked likt [leaky 'llki [-age -ids
lector 'kkta-; ES 'kkta(r
leal lil
lecture 'kkt/sr; ES -t/aCr; [-d -d [-ring 'kk-
Leamington 'kmigtan, cf Lemington
t/arig, 'kktjng
lean lin [leaned lind or leant knt
lectureship 'kkt/a^j/ip; ES 'kktja-
Leander li'aenda^; ES -'aendaCr
led past &' pptc of lead kd
leanness 'linnis
Leda 'lida
leant past 6" pptc of lean lent
ledger 'kdga^; ES -dsaCr; [-ed -d |-ing
lean-to 'lin^tu
'kdsang, 'kdsrig
leap lip [leaped lipt, kpt or leapt lept, lipt
Ledyard 'kdja^d; ES 'kdjad
leapfrog 'lip ^f rag, -ifrog, -jfrog; S -ifrog.
lee, L- li
-jfrag, -ifrng; [ged -d
leeboard 'liibord, -jbard; ES -^boad, E +
leapt past b' pptc of leap kpt, lipt
-jbaad
Lear lir; ES li3(r, S+k3(r
leech 'lit/ [leeches 'lit/iz [leeched litjt
learn lyn; ES bn, lyn; [-ed -d, -t or -t -t
Leeds lidz [Leeds's 'lidziz
learned past df pptc lynd, Is'nt; ES bn-, lyn-;
leek, L- lik
adj -ned -nid
leer lir; ES lia(r, S-j-ka(r; [-ed -d
learnt past &° pptc of learn l^nt; ES bnt, lynt
lees liz
lease 'rent' lis [-s -iz j-d -t
leese 'lose' {1611 Bible) liz
lease 'tell a lie' 'liz j-s -iz j-d -d
leet lit
leasehold 'lisjhold
leeward 'liwa^d, nazit. 'lua-d, 'liua^d; ES 'liwad.
leash lij [leashes 'li/iz [leashed li/t
'lu-ad, 'liu-ad
leasing 'falsehood' 'lizig
Leeward Islands 'liwa^d'ailandz, -lanz; ES
least list
Uiwad-
leastways 'list^wez [leastwise 'list^waiz
leeway 'li^we
leather 'letJa^; ES 'ktSaCr; [-n -n [-y -i, -tJri
leeze 'lose' liz = leese
leatherette, L- JetJaVet [-roid 'ktSa^raid
Lefevre la'fiva^; ES -'fiva(r
leave n liv, dial, b' Brit army+IH
left kft
leave 'to leaf liv [leaved livd
left-hand 'kft'haend ('left-^hand 'turn)
leave 'depart' liv [left kft
left-handed 'kft'haendid
leaved adj livd
leg kg [legged v kgd
leaven 'kvan [-ed -d |-ing 'kvanii), -vnig
legacy 'kgasi
Leavenworth 'kvanwa'O, -jwy0; ES -waO,
legal 'ligl [-ly -i [-ism -^izam [-ist -ist
-jW36, -iWyO
legalistic ^ligl'istik [-ally -li, -ikli
leaves pi of leaf b' leave w, J sg of leave j; livz
legality li'gaelati
leave-taking Uivjtekig
legalization jligja'ze/an, -ai'z-
Leavit, -tt Uevit
legalize 'ligl^aiz |-s -iz |-d -d
leavy Uivi
legate 'kgit
leaze 'fell a lie' liz j-s -iz |-d -d
legatee jkga'ti
[full ful [tooth tu6 [further 'fytSa^; ES 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai
[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipiji
legatine
252
Leonatus
legatine Uegatin, -jtain
legation li'ge/an
legato li'gato {It le'garto)
legend 'ledsand |-ary -fin
Leger Uedsa'; ES 'kdsaCr
legerdemain jEdsa^^di'men; ES jl£d33-
legged past of leg z^ kgd, adj 'legid, legd
leggings 'legigz |leggins 'kginz
leghorn 'kga^n, 'legjhorn; ES 'legan, -^liDan
Leghorn Italy 'kgjhorn; ES -jhaan; fowl
'kga^n, -jharn; ES 'legan, -^haan
legibility jledsa'bilati
legible 'l£d53bl |-bly -bli
legion 'lidsan |-ary -^n
legionnaire Jidgan'er, -W; E -'eaCr, ES
-'ae3(r
legislate 'kdsisjet |-d -id |-lative -jletiv
legislation jledsisUe/an
legislator 'kdgiSjleta'; ES -Jet3(r
legislature 'kdsis^letja^; ES -jletJaCr
legist 'lid3ist
legitimate adj li'dsitamit ]-macy -masi
legitimate v Ii'd3it3jm3t ]-d -id
legitimist Ii^d3it3mist |-matist -'d3it3m3tist
legitimize Ii'd3it3jmaiz |-s -iz |-d -d
leg-of-mutton adj 'kga^mAtn, 'kgav-
Legree li'gri
legume 'kgjum, li'gjum, -'gium
legumen li^gjuman, k-, -'giu- |-s -z |-mina
-mina
legumin li'gjumin, k-, -'giumin |-ous -as
Le Havre France la'hava', -'havra; ES
-'hav3(r, -'havra; {Fr Wa:\x)
Lehigh 'lihai
Lehman Uimsn, ^leman
lehua li^hua
lei k, 'k'l
Leibnitz 'laibnits |-'s -iz {Ger Leibniz
Uaipnits)
Leica 'kika
Leicester 'ksta^; ES 'kst3(r; |-sliire -//ir, -JV;
ES - Ji3(r, -/3(r
Leiden 'laidn
Leif Ericson 'lif'Eriksn
Leigh pers. name li; places li, lai
Leila 'lib
Leinster 'knsta^; ES 'knst3(r
Leipsic Uaipsik, 'lipsik
Leipzig 'laipsig, -sik {Ger 'laiptsix)
leisure '1133', now less freq. 'ks^-; ES -33fr;
l-d-d
Leitch litj" |-'s -iz
Leith lie
leitmotiv, -tif 'laitmOjtif
Leland 'liland
LeHa 'lilia, -Ija
leman 'kman
Leman lake 'liman
Lemington 'kmigtan, cf Leamington
lemma 'kma |-s -z |-mata -ta
lemming 'kmiij
lemon 'leman |-ade Jeman'ed
Lemuel 'kmjual
lemur 'lima'; ES 'lim3(r
Lena 'lina
Lenawee 'knawi, -jwi
lend lend |lent lent
L'Enfant 'lanfant {Fr la'fa)
length krjke, legO j-ths -Gs |-thy -i
lengthen 'legkOan, 'legOan |-ed -d [-ing
-Banig, -Gnig
lengthways 'legkGjwez, 'kg6- |-wise -jwaiz
lenience 'linians, -njans |-cy -i |-ent -ant
Lenin 'knin |-grad -igrsed, -jgrad
lenitive 'knativ |-ty 'knati
Lennox 'lenaks |-'s -iz
Lenoir US places la 'nor, -'nar; ES -'noa(r,
E-f--'naa(r
Lenoir, Etienne Fr e'tjen la'nwarr
Lenore la 'nor, -'nar; ES -'noa(r, E + -'naa(r
lens lenz | lenses 'knziz |lensed knzd
lent lent
Lent lent | Lenten 'kntan
lenticular kn'tikjala^; ES -la(r
lentigo kn'taigo |lentigines kn'tid3ajniz
lentil 'kntl, -til
lento It 'lento
I'envoi, -voy 'knvai, knVai (Fr la'vwa)
Leo 'lio
Leominster Mass 'kminstcy, Engd 'kmst»,
'kmin-; ES -sta(r
Leon US places 'lian, PI le'on
Leonard 'lena^d; ES 'lenad
Leonardo Jia'nardo; ES -'na:do
Leonardo da Vinci /lia'nardo da'\intXi; ES
-'na:do; {It Jeo'nardo do'vintji)
Leonato jlia'nato
Leonatus ^lia'netas |-'s -iz
Key: See in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret \\tt jet jsang saeg |angr},' 'aeg-gn
|bath bae6; E bae (§10) |ah a |far far jwatch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go
Leonid
253
lexical
Leonid 'lisnid
Lethe 'Uei, 'liOi |-d -d |-thied -Bid
Leonidas li'anadas; ES+-'Dn-; |-'s -iz
Lethean li'Gian
leonine, L- 'lisinain
Letitia Ii'ti/ia, -/a
Leonora jlia'nora, -'nora; S -'nora
Leto 'lito
Leontes li^antiz, -'ontiz
let's kts, ks
leopard 'kpa^d; ES 'lepad; |-ess -is
let's see kts'si, kt'si {originally let sec
)
Leopold 'li3ipold, older 'kpld
Lett kt
Lepanto li'paento
letter 'kta^; ES ^kta(r; |-ed -d
leper 'kpa^; ES 'kpoCr; |-ed -d
letterhead 'kta^^ed; ES 'kta-
lepidopterous Jepa'daptaras, -tras; ES +
letter-perfect 'kta^'pyfikt; ES 'kta'psf-.
-'dnp-
-'ps^f-
Lepidus 'kpidas |-'s -iz
letterpress 'kta'jpres; ES 'kta-
leprechaun 'kprajkan
Lettice 'ktis |-'s -iz
leprosy 'kprasi |leprous 'kpras
Lettish 'ktiX
Lesbian 'kzbian
lettuce 'ktis, -as |-s -iz
Lesbos 'kzbas, -bas; ES+-bns
letup 'ktjAp
lese majesty 'liz'maedsisti
leucocyte 'luka^sait, 'liuka-
lesion 'lisan
leucorrhea, -rhoea Juka'ria, jliuka-
Leslie 'ksli
leud lud, hud [-s -z |-es -iz
less ks 1 lesser 'ksa^; ES 'ks3(r
Leutner 'bitna^; ES 'bitnaCr
-less unstressed suffix -lis, -las. The pronun-
Levant laVaent
ciation -ks is not normal to conversational
Levantine laVaentin, 'kvanjtain
style, hut occurs occasionally in deliberate
levator laVeta^; ES -Veta(r; |-tores
ikva-
reading style, especially in rime. In the
'toriz
vocab. only the pron. -lis is given, hut it is
levee 'hank'' 'kvi |-d -d, 'reception' +\3
'vi
to be understood that many speakers (feiver
level 'kvl, older b' still occas. 'kvil
l-iy -I
in the E and S) also pronounce -las as in
|-ed -d |-ing 'kvlig, -vlii)
stylus 'stailas. In the vocabulary the ending
levelheaded 'kvl'hedid ('level-headed
move)
-less is usually not given. WJten -less is
lever 'kva^, 'liva^; E -va(r; S 'llva(r, '
l£va(r;
added to words ending in -1 or -1, tivo 1
|-ed -d |-ing -varig, -vrig |-age -ids.
-vnds
sounds are pronounced, as in soulless 'soUis,
Levi 'livai
bridleless 'braidllis. Cf -ness.
leviable 'kviabl
lessee ks'i
leviathan, L- laVaiaGan
lessen 'ksn |-ed -d |-ing ^ksnii), 'ksnig
levigate 'kvajget |-d -id
Lesseps 'ksaps |-'s -iz {Fr k'seps)
levin 'kvin
Lessing 'ksiij
Levis 'livis {Fr le'vi)
lesson 'ksn |-ed -d |-ing ' 
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