Sr
ABCHJEOLOGIA
OB,
RELATING TO ANTIQUITY.
PUBLISHED BY THE
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF NEWCASTLE-UPOtf-TYNE.
18.
1861.
NEW SERIE6.
NE WCASTLE-UPON-TYNE :
WILLIAM DODD. No. 5, BIGG MARKET,
lCD BY J. Q. FORSTER, CLAYTON STREET.
1861.
ARCILEOLOGIA JBLIANA:
OB,
RELATING TO ANTIQUITY.
PUBLISHED BY THE
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.
NEW SERIES.
VOLUME VI.
NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE :
WILLIAM DODD, 5, BIGG MARKET.
PRINTED BY J. G. FOSSTER, CLAYTON STREET.
1865.
CONTENTS.
FAQB
ROUTINE BUSINESS OF THE SOCIETY AND MINOR MATTERS, passim.
ROMAN HORSB-SHOE (with illustrations.) — MR. CLAYTOK .... 3
CORRUPT ORTHOGRAPHY OF LOCAL NAMES. — MR.TURNER, DR. BRUCE, AND
MR. CARR . 5, 11
NORTH AMERICAN ANTIQUITIES. — MR. WHITE 6
INSCRIPTION ON THE FONT AT BRIDEKIRK.— REV. W. MONKHOUSB . 8, 107
THE BRIDLINOTON SLAB. — MR. CAPE 11
MS. OF GOWER'S CONFESSIO AMANTIS. — DR. CHARLTON 12
ANDIRON FOUND NEAR KIELDER. — THH DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND . . 14
CHICHESTER CATHEDRAL AND BP. NEVIL.— MR. THOMPSON .... 14
STOUP FROM EBB'S NOOK.. — MR. HINDE ' . .16
BOOKBINDING, TEMP. HENRY VIII. — DR. HOWARD 16
OLD RECIPES. — DR. CHARLTON 17
EXCAVATIONS AT CORBRIDGE. — DR. BRUCE 18
ON THE TEMPERAMENT AND APPEARANCE OF ROBERT BURNS.— Ma. WHITE . 22
WINSTON (with illustrations.) 24, 62
CONTRACT FOR A PRIVATE COACH. — MR. JAMES CLEPHAK .... 26
OLD BARBER'S BASIN 28
JEDBURGH FLAGS. — MR. WHITE . .28
JACOBITE RELICS OF 1715 AND 1745 — DR. CHARLTON 29
^ECCLESIASTICAL VESTMENTS. — DR. CHARLTON 34
LINHOPE CAMP. — MR. COULSON 37
THE HOSPITALS OF GREATHAM, GATESHEAD, AND BARNARDCASTLE. — MR.
BROCKETT 38
GOLD ORNAMENT FOUND IN NORTH TYNEDALE. — DR. CHARLTON ... 48
THE WEAVERS' TOWER.— MR. FENWICK 48
NOTES OF A TOUR IN SCOTLAND. — MR. WHITE 49
ROMAN CARLISLE.— DR. BRUCE 62
HALTWHISTLE AND THE ROMAN WALL 63
ANTIQUE MANTLEPIECE, AT WINTRINGHAM, NEAR ST. NEOT'S.—- THE REV.
JAMES EVERETT 66
ANCIENT CHIRURGERY 68
DOCUMENTS TOUCHING STAINTON IN THE CRAGS. — MR, BROCKETT ... 69
THE SAXON INSCRIPTION AT BECKERMONT.— THE REV. F. ADDISON . . 60
THE BECKERMONT INSCRIPTION (with sketches.) — PROFESSOR STEPHENS . . 191
DURHAM ABBET YARD.— MR. TRUEMAN 62
VOL, vi. A
iV. CONTENTS.
PAGB
WARKWORTH CHANCEL (with illustrations.)— REV. J. W. DUNN ... 62
WHICKHAM CHURCH 63
THE CAPTURE OF BP. BEAUMONT IN 1317 66
A LIST OF SCOTTISH NOBLEMEN AND GENTLEMEN WHO WERE KILLED AT
FLODDEN FIELD. — MR. WHITE 69
THE ROMAN BRIDGE OF CILURNUM (with plan and view.) — MR. CLAYTON . 80
EOMAN AND ETRUSCAN ITALY. — DR. BRUCE 86, 90
HIGHAM DYKES AND HERPATH. — SIR W. C. TREVELYAN, BT. . . 88, 89
SILVER RELICS COLLECTED BY MR. GARNETT ....... 97
SHERIFFS OF NORTHUMBERLAND. — MR. HINDE ...... 98
INVENTORY OF THE GOODS OF WILLIAM MORE, ESQ. — SIR W. C. TREVELYAN, BT. 104
REVERSE OF THE SEAL OF DUNFERMLIN ABBEY — DR. CHARLTON . . .106
SOME NOTICE OF THE CORBIDGE LANX. — RT- HON- LORD RAVENSWORTH . .109
ROMAN FIGURE FROM CARLISLE. — DR. BRUCE • . . . , . .115
SCARCITY OF COFFEE IN NORTHUMBERLAND. — MR. SWAIN . . • .116
PRUDHOB CASTLB . . . • . . . • . . . .116
OVIKGHAM 122
SHACKLES FROM GATBSHEAD . . . • . . . . . -126
NEW PERCY SEAL ....-••.... 125,164
THE SOUTH POSTERN OF THE CASTLE . . . . . - . .126
THE ORKNEY RVNES (with illustrations.) — DR. CHARLTOW • - • 127, 184
SALVAGE FROM THE MELTING-POT — REV. JAMES EVERETT . . . .147
SOUTH TRANSEPT OF ST. JOHN'S CHURCH. — MR. SPOOR 148
EARLY REMAINS AT BIRTLEY, NEAR HEXHAM. — REV. GEO. ROME HALL . . 148
ANCIENT BREVIARY — DR. CHARLTON . . . . . . . .149
BELLINGHAM DEEDS — MR. EDW. MILBURN . . . . . .151
ALTARS TO ANTENOCITICUS DISCOVERED AT CONDERCTTM.— DR. BRUCE . 153, 161
THE BENWELL ALTARS. — MR. CLAYTON. 197
THE LESLEY LETTER — MR. CLEPHAN • • • . . . . . 156
PRINGLE THE EJECTED MINISTER. — MR. FRANCE > • . . • . 162
THE NAG'S HEAD INN, NEWCASTLE . . 163
ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE NAG'S HEAD INK. — MR. CLEPHAN . -165
BRITISH REMAINS FROM ALLENDALE AND WEARDALE • . . • -168
THE BENWELL DISCOVERIES. — MR. RENDAL • • • • • . .169
THE OGLE SHRINE .,._*• 174
NOTES ON THE REV. JOHN HORSLEY.— MR. HINDU ••..•• 174
ROMAN DOVER AND WALKER • • • • . • . . . . 183, 184
HOUGHTON-LE-SPRING CHURCH 186
CHESTER-LK-STREET CHURCH -188
THE ARMS OF WYCLIFFE 192
RUNIC LEGENDS FROM COQUET ISLAND AND MONKWEARMOUTH . . . 195, 196
THE MATFEN UMBO 196
ROMAN COINS FROM CRACKENTHORPE AND BORCOVICUS. — MR. CLAYTON . 196, 200
ROMAN CARICATURE OF CHRISTIANITY (with facsimile.) — DR. CHARLTON . . 198
THE WORKS OF PRIOR CASTELL 201
LACUSTRINE SETTLEMENTS IN SCOTLAND (with illuatrations.)— LORD Lo-
VAIKE 206
CHANTRY AT MITFORD 212
BRANCEPETH CHURCH . 213
CONTENTS. V.
PAGE
THE MINSTRELS' GALLERY, EABT CASTLE (with illustrations.) — MB. AUSTIN , 214
WARKWORTH AND ALNWICK 217
JOIE SANS FIN 220
MURAL NOTES. — DR. BRUCE 220
FIBULAE FROM BORCOVICUS. — MR. CLAYTON 225
EARLY PRINTING IN NEWCASTLE. — MR. HINDE , 228
ABSTRACT OF WILL OF CHRISTOPHER MILBOURNE. — DR. CHABLTON . . . 232
COINS OF AELFRED AND BURGRED FOUND AT GAINFORD 233
THE EARLIEST COINS OF DURHAM 234
NOTICE OF A FIND OF COINS AT THE SHAW Moss, NEAR HESLEYSIDE . . 238
ARCH^EOLOGIA ^ELIANA.
ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY,
4 FEBRUARY, 1861.
Jo Jin Hodgson Hinde, Esq., V.P. in the Chair.
OFFICERS AND COTJNCIL. — Patron : His Grace the Duke of North-
umberland, K.G. — President: The Right Hon. Lord Eavensworth. —
Vice-Presidents : Sir Charles M. L. Monck, Bart., Sir Walter Calverley
Trevelyan, Bart., John Hodgson Hinde, Esq., and John Clayton, Esq.
—Treasurer : Matthew Wheatley, Esq. — Secretaries : Edward Charlton,
Esq., M.D , and the Eev. John Collingwood Bruce, LL.D. — Council :
The Rev. Edward Hussey Adamson, the Rev. James Raine, and Messrs.
Robert Richardson Dees, William Dickson, John Dobson, Martin Dunn,
John Fenwick, William Kell, William Hylton Dyer Longstaffe (Editor),
Edward Spoor, Robert White, and William Woodman. — Publisher : Mr.
William Dodd. — Auditors : Messrs. R. R. Dees, and Robert White.
NEW MEMBERS. — Mr. John James Lundy, F.G.S., Primrose Hill,
Leith ; Mr. D. H. Goddard, Bank of England, Newcastle.
DONATIONS OF BOOKS. — From Messrs. Sothely and Wilkinson. Cata-
logue of Reprints and Facsimiles, illustrative of Early English and
Shaksperian Literature, for Sale. — From Mr. John Evans, F.S.A. His
paper on Flint Implements of the Drift.
INDEX. — Resolved, that in future the Annual Index shall be enclosed
loosely as part of the number of the Archasologia JEliana following the
completion of each volume.
ANNUAL MEETINGS. — Resolved, that the Annual Meeting in future
be in January — the day to be afterwards fixed — in order to afford to
those gentlemen who are compelled to be in Parliament in February,
an opportunity of attending.
ORIENTAL SEAL, — The Rev. E. H. Adamson exhibited a curious
oriental seal, the matrix and impression being both in earthenware,
closed up, and presenting a filbert-like form. It had been found at
Benares, and he had been informed that upon fracture he would find
the seal, which proved to be the case.
NEW SERIES— VOL. VI. B
ANNUAL REPORT.
ANNUAL REPORT.
IN presenting the Forty-eighth Annual Report, the Council has to
congratulate the Society on its effective state. The activity of former
years has shown itself during the past twelve months with undiminished
vigour ; the Monthly Meetings have been well attended, and the objects
of antiquity exhibited and discussed have been of great interest ; while
several valuable donations have been made to the library and to the
museum. Besides the books contributed by members, among which we
may name some valuable works presented by Sir \Y. C. Trevelyan,
Bart., of Wallington, the Society has received some valuable gifts of
books from foreign countries, and especially from Norway and Denmark.
It is pleasing to find that the labours of the antiquaries of the North of
England are thus recognised in far distant lands, and that one of the
papers published in the Society's transactions has been translated into
Danish, and published in the journals of the North of Europe. It has
been too generally supposed that this Society devotes its attention
exclusively to Roman antiquities ; but while it recognises to the fullest
extent the valuable remains of that great people, which are so abundant
in this locality, it can confidently point to its published Transactions in
proof that Mediaeval archaeology is not forgotten. In truth, so far from
being slighted or despised, by far the greater part of the Transactions is
occupied by Medieval antiquities, and this especially will be seen to be
the case in the volume just completed for the present year. The
Council feels that while each archaeologist labours hard in his own
particular department, others of the members are so imbued with the
true antiquarian spirit, that they will readily appreciate and honour
the researches of those who work in other parts of the vast field of
antiquity. Although the Society has not this year been favoured with
any elaborate papers on Roman antiquities, yet the researches and
examinations now being carried on at the Roman Bridge at Chesters, by
one of the Vice-presidents, Mr. Clayton, have led to most interesting
results, many of which are as yet not made known, but the Council
feels that those of the members who had the opportunity, in August
last, of examining these remains, will be fully convinced of their im-
portance, and of the interest that the account of them, when completed,
will excite among archaeologists. Some further steps have been taken
by the Council towards providing ground for the proposed museum, and
it is hoped that ere an another year has elapsed this most desirable
object will be accomplished. During the past twelve months the
ROMAN HORSE-SHOE. 3
Society has received an accession of fifteen new members, while very
few have retired or been removed by death. The Society, however, has
sustained a serious loss in the decease of its venerated President, Sir
John Edward Swinburne, Bart., one of its original members and most
liberal patrons. It was by Sir John Swinburne's influence and aid
that the noble work of the Rev. John Hodgson, the History of North-
umberland, was given to the world ; and though of late years, from his
great age, he was unable to attend in person the meetings of the Society,
he continued to the period of his decease to take the liveliest interest
in its progress. The Society has this year elected but one honorary
member, Signer Montiroli, of Rome, the distinguished successor of the
Comrnendatore Cavina in the superintendence of the vast works still in
progress at Alnwick Castle.
ROMAN HORSE-SHOE.
ME. CLAYTOX has presented, as from Mr. Challoner, an iron horse- shoe,
found at Condercum. It is, he believes, the first object of the kind
which has been found here.
The points of the shoe are brought into very neighbourly contact.
ME. TTJENEE thinks that it would allow of expansion of the horse's hoof;
ME. GEEGSOX, the very reverse. One deems it superior to modern shoes ;
the other, a very bad shoe indeed.
[The shoe has been submitted to a practical smith, who pronounces
it to be a good one, having a concavity to receive and relieve the foot.
The points are turned the reverse way to those now used.
ME. CLAYTON observes that Mr. Way1 speaks of " the sculpture of the
triumphal car found at Vaisons, near Avignon, and now in the museum
at the latter place, which supplies undeniable proof in regard to the
disputed question concerning the use of horse- shoes by the Romans,
attached by nails as in modern times. In this curious sculpture the
hoof of one of the horses drawing a biga shows the extremities of four
of the nails passing through the hoof, and the shoe is distinctly seen,
precisely resembling that of modern times." ME. ADAMSOK produces
the papers by Mr. Rogers and Mr. Pegge.2 In these the classical evi-
dences on the subject are minutely gone into, and they will repay
perusal. Mr. Rogers thought the earliest instance to be depended
upon of shoeing horses in the present method was part of a horse-shoe
1 17 Arch. Journal, 258. 2 3 Archaeologia, 35.
4 EOMAN HORSE-SHOE.
which was buried with Childeric I. in 481. The horse appeared from
the shoe to have been small. The earlier instances of shoeing seemed
to this writer, to be consistent with and better explained by a plating
over the hoof. Mr. Pegge apprehends that the shoeing of horses was
veiy far from being a general practice amongst the ancients, but that it
was sometimes done, especially in later times. He quotes Montfaucon's
statement that Eabretti, among the great number of horses which occur
in ancient monuments, never saw more than one that was shod, though
he made it his business to examine them all, and that therefore the
iron shoes on the horses' feet on an Etruscan tomb were a rare par-
ticular. And he thinks that the variations in practice are quite intelli-
gible, as many sorts of work may be performed by horses without
shoeing, especially in some regions, and as the inhabitants, in a thou-
sand places abroad, though they have horses, know nothing of shoeing
them, to this day. The question whether the shoeing was by nailed
shoes or platings he leaves open, but quotes Yossius's wonder that the
Eastern mode of shoeing with leather coverings, if the sole were stuck
full of nails, does not supersede the injurious mode of shoeing by means
of nails driven into the hoof.
Our member, MB. "WHEATLEY, naturally remarks that the paved roads
of the Romans in this country would almost necessitate the use of shoes.
But Mr. Pegge quotes a remarkable passage where Xenophon recom-
mends for hardening the horses' hoofs that the stalls should be pitched
with stones of the size of the hoofs, and that the place where the ani-
mals were curried should be strewn with boulder stones.3 He thinks,
from classical passages, that asses and mules were not unfrequently
shod, and were more used than horses, which may account for small-
sized shoes, if nailed shoes are meant. And it is probable that horses,
like warriors, if we may judge from armour, were formerly smaller. A
very small sort of horse- shoes have been frequently found in ploughing
ing Battle Platts, near York, given as the scene of the battle between
Harold and the Norwegians in 1066.
The blacksmith to whom the present shoe was shown at once recognised
:ts similitude to several that he used to plough up near Plessy, in North-
umberland. But the medieval horse shoe seems generally to have re-
sembled the modern one. The curious seal of Ralph Marshall or Farrier
of the Bishoprick of Durham is added to the illustration for the purpose
of comparison.3]
3 " Then were the horse-hoofs broken by the means of their prancing, the prancing
of the mighty ones." (Judges, v. 22.) " Had the horses' feet been shod either with
iron or brass, they could not have been broken by prancing." (Pegge.)
/uli tat
YVARKWOHTH
CORRUPT ORTHOGRAPHY OF LOCAL NAMES.
COBBUPT OBTHOGBAPHY OF LOCAL NAMES.
MR. TURKER has produced an official trace of the Ordnance Survey, East
of Newcastle, upon which Bow's House, St. Peter's, (named after Mr.
Bow), is written Rose House : and
DR. BRUCE has exhibited examples of the register of authorities for
names kept by the department, in the following form : — " List of
names as written on the plan : Yarious modes of spelling the same
names : Authorities for those mode of spelling : Situation : Descriptive
remarks, or general observations which may be considered of interest."
For the spelling of Hartburn, are cited the " Yicar of Hartburn, Per-
petual Curate of Cainbo, Netherwitton Deed of Endowment, Overseers
in Circular 190, Whellan's History, 1855, Mackenzie's History, 1825,
[no mention of Hodgson's], List of Begistrars' Districts, Population
Beturns, 1851, Clerk of the Peace, Meresmen for the Parish, Modern
Divisions of County, List of Benefices." For Hertborne, "Valor
Ecclesia., Hen. VIII." for Hertburn, Taxatio Ecclesia., P. Nich." For
Cambo, " Poor Bate Book, Tithe Plan, Estate Plan, Tho. Gow, agent,
Mr. Geo. Bichardson, meresman, Clerk of the Peace, Whellan's His-
tory, 1855, Mackenzie's History, 1825, List of Begistrars' Districts,
Population Beturns, 1851, Modern Divisions of the County." For
Camhowe, "Ancient Divisions of the County."
It is Besolved, at the instance of Mr. BALPH CARR: — That a Committee
of the undermentioned gentlemen, viz. : — the Chairman (Mr. Hindo),
the Clerk of the Peace for Newcastle (Mr. Clayton), the Clerk of the
Peace for Northumberland (Mr. Dickson), himself, and the Secretaries
of the Society, be appointed to prepare a list of such names of places in
Northumberland as seem to be at present carelessly and improperly
spelt, and appear susceptible of easy and obvious improvement from the
usage of past times. That such list be laid before the Society, to the
intent that, if approved of, it be laid before the Officers of the Ordnance
Survey, and recommended for their adoption in the completing of the
Ordnance Map.
NORTH AMERICAN ANTIQUITIES.
MONTHLY MEETING, 6 MARCH, 1861.
John Fenwiclc, J?sq., V.P. in the Chair.
DONATIONS or BOOKS, &c. — By Sir Walter Trevelyan, Bart. The
First, Second, Third, and Fourth Eeports of the Lords' Committees on
the Dignity of a Peer of the Realm ; and Appendix No. 1, to the First
Report. — By the Author. The Hexham Chronicle, or Materials for a
Modern History of Hexham. A Hundred Years Ago, or the Hexham
Eiot. By Joseph Ridley, Hexham, 1 861 . — By the Archaeological Insti-
tute. The Archaeological Journal, 65, 66, 67, 1860. — By the Canadian
Institute. The Canadian Journal, N.S., No. 31, Jan-, 1861. — By the
Kilkenny Archaeological Society. The Society's Proceedings, Nos. 28,
29, 30, for July, September, and November, 1860.
Mr. Henry Watson, through Mr. "White, exhibited a small Spanish
copper coin, of Charles II., 1680.
NORTH AMERICAN ANTIQUITIES.
ME. "WHITE has read a letter addressed to Mr. Brockie, of Sunderland,
by Mr. David Wyrick, of Newark, Licking co., Ohio, and dated 8 Sep.,
1860, and exhibited the plans and drawings referred to in it. One of
them represents in great detail a strange and vast assemblage of earth-
works near Newark. On one of the sides of an octagon enclosure, an
oak-tree, cut down thirty years ago, exhibited 1 130 annual rings. These
remains were loosely engraved from the examination of Caleb Atwater,
in 1820, and Plate XXV. of the first volume of the Smithsonian Insti-
tute's Publications contains a more detailed, but still very inexact repre-
sentation by Squier and Davis, to which, however, we refer our readers
for some notion of them. It appears that the small circles are mostly
accompanied by a singular depression, called a well by Atwater. Mr.
Squier says that these were bone pits, the decaying of their contents
causing the depressions. The determination of Mr. "Wyrick to investi-
gate the similar objects near Newark was well known ; and in excavating
one of them he turned out two pebbles, one round, the other of a long
bottlelike appearance, marked in the present Hebrew characters, with
sacred words signifying "Most Holy" (Exodus xxix. 37, xxx. 10, 29,
36, &c.), "King of the Earth," "Law of Jehovah" (Exodus xiii. 9,
I Chron. xxii. 12, &c.), and "Word of Jehovah" (Jeremiah i. 4, 11, ii.
1, &c.) Mr. Wyrick, however, does not seem to see the probability of
NORTH AMERICAN ANTIQUITIES. 7
this being a hoax, though he acknowledges its after- deposit by some
stray Hebrew ; for his theory is, that the earthworks are older than the
family of Israel. He afterwards found pottery and mica, and indica-
tions of decayed matter, but nothing sepulchral.
The works are of clay, quite different from the earth on which they
stand.
One of the drawings represents what Mr. Wyrick considers to be an
artificial lake, near Utica, Licking co., of 100 acres in extent, caused by
damming up a stream. It has a uniform level, and no visible outlet.
A neighbouring but smaller lake of about 20 acres, when drained, ex-
posed stumps of trees in situ.
He also mentions a circle of clay mounds round a well or cistern of
water, the whole being covered with a pile of stone. On the removal
of some 50,000 loads of stone, for the banks of a reservoir and other
purposes, the well and the clay mounds were found. One of them was
opened in Mr. Wyrick's presence, about seven years ago, and yielded a
coffin. It was part of an oaken log, hollowed out apparently by first
using hot stone, and then chopping out the charred wood with a stone
or copper axe, or some dull tool. The outside was finished in the same
way. The comn seemed to contain portions of the skeletons of three
individuals, one a child, another middle aged, the third aged. About
the place of the breast, or where the folding of the hands might be,
there lay ten copper rings, of between 3 and 4 inches diameter, as if
made of copper wire, and a locket of black hair. The bottom of the
cofiin appeared to have been lined with some coarse fabric. It was im-
bedded in water 12 inches deep, on the top of a hill 500 feet above the
level of any stream, on a sort of frame of wood, and covered with clay
and mortar, or sun-dried brick, exceedingly hard to dig.
Inscriptions are mentioned in Indiana, and perhaps elsewhere, as
common, and thought to be Phoenician.
There is a drawing of a mound, with numerous burials and layers of
charcoal and wood partially charred. Above and below is red earth as
if the charcoal had been covered with the earth when burned. The
oldest burials yielded the firmest bones. The Editor has no means of
verifying the contents of this curious paper. The writer regrets his
want of books on ancient monuments and languages, and hints that
donations of them addressed for him to the care of the Smithsonian
Institution, "Washington City, or of D. Appleton & Co., N. Y., would
be well bestowed.
0 INSCRIPTION AT BRIDEKIRK.
INSCRIPTION OX THE FONT AT BRIDEKIRK.
BY THE REV. W. MONZHOUSE, B.D., F.S.A.
THE Rev. Mr. Haigh's copy of the Bridekirk Runes, published in the
Archseologia .^Eliana, seems to me to be the most clear and perfect of
any that I have seen ; and suggests a different reading to any yet given
to the inscription.
I would observe that, in this copy, the punctuation is well denned and
uniform ; it therefore demands that great weight and authority should
be attached to it. A due attention to this rule would prevent that
capricious running together of words into each other, which is found in
many of the translations.
We generally find that Runic inscriptions only record the names of
the individuals who made them, and the object for which they were
made, so the one at Bridekirk begins with the sculptor's name, "Ri-
kurd." The following Runes "he me," are so distinct that there is no
difficulty in admitting them in their plain English meaning.
The last word of the first line is "igrogte," and in this word, I read
the fifth Rune as " g " and not " c," as it is given in all the other ver-
sions, which softens the pronunciation without at all affecting its mean-
ing. This is the usual form of the " g " in Runic alphabets, as may be
seen in Worsaae's Primeval Antiquities, p. 115. The "i" or "y"
prefix was the common form of the early English writers, although it
is now obsolete. Chaucer uses it passim, as ywent — ybless'd — ygetten,
&c. The same author uses the word " wroghte," for our modern
"wrought," which spelling brings "igrogte" very close home to our
own vernacular. The Anglo-Saxon form is "worhte," which bears not
nearly so close a resemblance to it.
As some mark of conjunction would be necessary between the two
lines, I assume the character ' 7 ' to represent the copula ' and' l
1 admit that it is neither a Norse nor Saxon Rune, but if we refer to
the Plemlosen inscription in "Wormius, p. 147, we shall find a sign -j-
concerning which he says ' ' hanc literam pro Voce ' aug ' (and) positam
reor ;" so we may consider the copulative sign in Runes to be some-
what irregular and arbitrary.
So far, it has all been plain sailing. I now, however, venture to differ
from former translators, without at all claiming infallibility for my own
version.
INSCRIPTION AT BRIDEKIRK. 9
The Runes "to this" begin the second line;2 then we read "RD,"
which is so punctuated on the font as to make it one independent word.
Now "RD" per se means nothing. I therefore suppose it to bean
abbreviated form of " Richard," on the principle that when proper
names are Tepeated in Runic inscriptions, Wormius says they are com-
monly abbreviated.
Grimm also notices the contractions in this inscription when he says—
mele allreviaturen angelracht — many abbreviations are used.
I also venture a different interpretation to the next word, which I
read "ger," and as I take the punctuation to be my guide, I read this
also as a separate and independent word.
It was the practice of sculptors of Runes to abbreviate whenever they
could do so, and in the fifty or sixty examples given us by "Wormius
he is obliged in numerous instances to supply the contractions that are
met with, and sometimes in a manner not at all satisfactory to himself,
as his expressions "legendum censeo," " vera a3nigmata," &c., plainly
denote. I may state, with respect to " ger," that there is not a more
common word in Runic inscriptions, in some form or inflection. "We
have it in gar, giua, gerd, gerde, gard, gerdi, &c., which are translated
sculpsit, fecit, struxit. Also "giera lit," Jieri fecit, and I shall now
give one or two examples of its application.
In a district called Holm, Wormius gives an inscription, p. 482,
Oilastr mihi Bunas fecit, "gerd." Again on a bell, " Gudman gerde
mig," Gudman me fecit ; and on Thyre's Monument, erected by her
husband Gorm, is this expression, "Kubl gerd, " tumulum fecit. But
inasmuch as Gorm died before his queen, in order to avoid an an-
achronism, "Wormius translates " gerd," praparari curavit, " caused to
be made beforehand ;" and I claim this word to be good English in the
sense here given. It is used by Spencer, who says — .
" So matter did she make of nought
To stir up strife, and garre them disagree."
and by Barbour, in this passage —
That they the ship in no maner
Myeht ger to come the wall so ner.
and in many parts of Cumberland and Westmoreland in the present day,
1 A similar contraction for et is familiar to record readers. — Ed.
2 At the moment of going to press, when communication with the writer is impos-
sible, it is observed that Mr. Haigh's drawing (see vol. i., 182, 192) adds the letters
<ome" and two dots before we reach the letters read " RD." If taken as a separate
word, they may not affect Mr. Monkhouse's view, and he may have omitted by an
oversight to mention them in express terms. — Ed.
VOL. VI. C
10 INSCRIPTION AT BRIDEKIRK.
there is no word in more common use than " gar," to make or compel
a thing to be done.
" Er me brogte " are the concluding words, which I render " before
lie brought me." The word " er," as spelt in the Eunes, is written in
the sarae way by Chaucer, and the meaning given to it in the Glossary is
" before." In order to find a propriety for it in the inscription, it is
only necessary to suppose the font to have been made and engraved
anywhere else than at Bridekirk; that Eikard, in short, made it at some
other place before he brought to its present position. This supposition
creates a kind of necessity for the appearance of " er " in the context.
Thus, I think, we have established a claim to another plain English
word.
I may remark on the concluding word "brogte," that in all the copies
which I have seen, the Eunes are the most clear and distinct ; neither
do the copies at all differ, but are perfectly identical with each other.
This word is also plain English, and I would remark to those who have
a tendency towards an Anglo-Saxon version, that the past form is
" brohte " in that language without the " g ;" consequently, that it does
not so much resemble the word as it stands on the font as our own
word " brought."
I therefore would thus read and translate the inscription : —
Eikard . he . me . igrogte . 7
To . this . Rd . ger . er . me . brogte.
Eicard he me wrought, and
To this Ricard carved me, before he me brought.
That it was "carved to this" especial purpose and object — to serve
as a baptismal font — is clearly proved by the representation upon it of
the baptism of our Saviour.
As I have not been writing this paper in any spirit of controversy,
but simply with a view to promote enquiry, and elicit the truth with
respect to this Sibylline scroll, which has formed the subject of dis-
cussion for the last two hundred years, I have therefore carefully ab-
stained from entering upon any criticism, with respect to the theories
and opinions of others, and the same indulgence which I have extended
to former writers upon this vexed question, I hope may be hereafter
extended to me.
Hanc veniam petimusque damusque vicissim.
THE BRIDLINGTON SLAB. 11
THE BRIDLIWTON SLAB.
MR. CAPE, of Bridlington, through Mr. Brockett, has presented a rubbing
of the very curious palimpsest sepulchral slab in the Priory Church
there, representing, with architecture and animals, a fox and a bird
striving to obtain the contents of a narrow-necked jar. There are
engravings of this stone from a drawing by Sir Walter C. Trevelyan,
the discoverer of its remarkable character, in Archseologia JEliana, vol.
2, 4to series, p. 168, and in Prickett's Bridlington Priory Church.
Mr. Cutts, in his Manual of Sepulchral Slabs, considers the design as
a strange travesty of an early Christian emblem, two birds drinking out
of a vase or cup, which is found on many slabs in the catacombs, and of
which mediaeval examples occur at Bishop stow, near Lewes, and on the
upper face of the font at Winchester. He calls the bird at Bridlington
a goose.
Dr. Lee, of Caerleon, has the matrix of a little seal presenting a
grotesque very similar to that at Bridlington, and throwing considerable
doubt upon any connection with the old Christian symbolism of the
catacombs. A cock and a hare are striving to obtain the contents of a
tripod vessel, and the legend is
HER IS tfA MARE
BOTE COK POT HARE.
CORRUPT OBTHOGBAPHY OP LOCAL NAMES.
MR. CARR, in resuming this subject (see p. 5.), has read a letter as to
the name of Cullercoats, from Mr. Sidney Gibson, (who agrees with Mr.
Carr in thinking it had some reference to Culfer, a dove, as the monks
liked pigeon-pie as well as piety,) and has prepared a skeleton map of
Northumberland, in which the proposed restorations are noticed, ley for ly,
law for ley in the case of hills, cote for coat, lotle for bottle, ope for op,
oe for o, am or ham for um, in Mindrum. The form g'ham, to denote
the peculiar soft pronunciation of such words as Ovingham, has already
been officially adopted, and the present changes have been approved by
the Society's Committee. As to Cullercoats, indeed, Mr. Hinde feared a
12 CORRUPT ORTHOGRAPHY OF LOCAL NAMES.
change until some evidence of the spelling cotes was adduced. The
name did not occur early, and one of Mr. Carr's friends suggested that
the corruption was in the first syllable, for what was a coat without a
collar ?
There are some difficulties in preserving the sounds op and lottle in
the changes. It does not seem advisable to apply liam to the place cor-
ruptly called Glororum on Greenwood's map, and Glororim in the Book
of Rates. Armstrong has it as Glower-o'er-him, and the same form oc-
curs more than once in Durham. Dr, Raine humorously used to say
that the Roman antiquaries ought to build a theory on the name —
It must be Gloria Romanorum ! In Durham, we have other names of
the same class, " Glower-at-him," and " Glower-at-all."
MONTHLY MEETING, 3 APRIL, 1861.
John Hodgson Hinde, Esq., V.P., in the Chair.
DONATIONS OF BOOKS. — From the Archceological Institute. The Arch-
aeological Journal, JS"o. 68. — From the Kilkenny Archaeological Society.
Their Transactions. — From the Able Cochet. A Report on the Flint
Implements found in the Drift.
NEW HONORARY MEMBER. — The Rev. Dr. Hume, of Liverpool, the
founder of the Lancashire and Cheshire Historical Society, and author of
some valuable papers on Roman Roads and Stations, in their Transactions.
MS. OF GOWER'S CONFESSIO AMANTIS.
BY EDWARD CHARLTON, M.D.
THE fine folio MS. of Early English Poetry, exhibited by Lord Ravens-
worth (our President) at a former meeting of the Society, proves to be,
as was then surmised, an early perfect copy of Gower's Confessio Amantis.
Manuscript copies of this once celebrated oJd English poem, are to be
found in several of the public libraries in England. The Bodleian, for
instance, contains not less than ten manuscripts of the Confessio Amantis ;
but there are very few in private hands, and of the Bodleian and British
Museum copies there are few so perfect as the one before us. In this
volume nearly the whole poem is to be found. Of all the exceptional
MS. OF GOWER'S CONFESSIO AMANTIS. 13
losses we most deeply regret that of tlie first leaf of the prologue,
as it -would have thrown possibly some light upon the date of the
volume. In some of the earlier copies, Gower give an account of
his having been induced by King Richard II. to write this poem ; the
King having met him one day upon the Thames, when, calling him into
the royal barge, he enjoined him to write some fresh poem. In the
later copies he makes no allusion to this circumstance, but merely
states, in his dedication to Henry of Lancaster, Earl of Derby, one of
the chief opponents of King Richard, that he finished it in "the yere
sixteenth of King Richard," or 1392-3.
The MS. before us is a fine folio, in excellent preservation, written
throughout in double columns, with illuminated initial letters. We
consider both the illuminations and the writing to be of the early part
of the fifteenth century, perhaps even as late as 1 450, or nearly half-a-
century after Gower's death. Near the end of the prologue we have
an illumination of the statue in Nabuchadonosor's vision. In the pro-
logue we are startled by the date 1390 in red letters; but it appears, on
examination, to refer to the subject of the text, viz. the schism of Avig-
non of that date. About sixty lines of the conclusion of the prologue,
and also three leaves of the first book, are wanting in this copy. The
MS. has evidently, at a very early period, been bound by some ignorant
workman ; and many of the leaves displaced, for directions, especially
in the fifth book, are given in a very early hand, for the rectification of
his blunders. The larger illuminations are at the commencement of
each book, except at the commencement of the sixth. "With the seventh
book begins the handwriting of a different scribe. The Saxon character
for tli is here omitted occasionally, and the illuminations are of different
character. The vellum, too, for the space of about nine leaves is much
thicker and less worn. At the end of about ten folios, the old hand-
writing begins again, and it would therefore seem that a part of the
seventh book had been lost, but had been replaced by a cunning scribe
before the art of illumination became altogether extinct in England.1
The end of the seventh book and the commencement of the eighth are
also wanting. Few, however, of the manuscript copies of Gower are
complete.
[The writing throughout is tall and regular. Some additions must be
noticed. In the margin of one leaf is a couplet, in an early hand, which
1 This cunning scribe miscalculated his space, and the last leaf of his -writing is a
mere slip introduced to bring his matter up to the re-commencement of the old
hand.
14 ANDIRON FOUND NEAR KIELDER.
may well be that of Edward IV.'s step-son, or some of the Thomas
Greys of Northumberland.
" Like as thys reson doth devysse,
I do my selfe yn same wysse.
" GRAY T."
On two other leaves are these inscriptions in Elizabethan penman-
ship : — ".John Gouer wrotte this Booke with his owne hand. — John
Gouwer wrott Bocke with his oune haunde, a poett Lawriet — Pr ME,
WILLIAM MEATCAFE."
On the blank leaf preceding the commencement of the poetic matter,
is this entry, probably of Jacobean date : — " Prances Tomsone, of West-
mester, servant to the Kiuge's ma' tie, dwelling in Longe Diche by the
Hank in Sword."
And above it, in an earlier hand : — "John Gower wrott this booke,
poeett Lawrrett." — ED.]
ANDIRON FOUND NEAR KIELDER.
THE DUKE OF NOBTHDTOEIILAND has sent for exhibition an andiron, dis-
covered 8 feet deep in the moss near Kielder during the cuttings for the
Border Counties Railway, on March 1, 1861. It presents no very obvi-
ous evidences of date. The iron is sharp and uncorroded, a fact which
may be explained by the circumstances of its deposit. Mr. WHITE thinks
that it is not very ancient, while Dr. CHAELTON admits that ancient
forms of objects were preserved for a long time in the western districts.
The pattern, certainly, is old and peculiar. The form is that of a bar,
simply ornamented with a kind of herring-bone incisions, connecting two
upright standards ; both are of the same height, with the iron curled
round into horns for plain goatsheads. Thus the andiron seems to have
been used near a fire in the middle of a room to support the wood
laid to burn, like the similar object which remains in situ upon the
hearth in the centre of the hall at Penshurst, Kent. The latter object
is figured in the Illustrated London News of 13 April, 1861.
CHICHESTER CATHEDRAL AND BISHOP RALPH NEYIL.
MR. EDWAKD THOMPSON has exhibited a rubbing of the only brass in
Chichester Cathedral, a late but not uninteresting memorial. A civilian
and his lady kneel before a desk on which are open books. Six sons
CHICHESTER CATHEDEAL AND BISHOP RALPH NEVIL. 15
accompany him, eight daughters her. Arms, a pheon. " Here vnder
lyeth the bodies of Mr William Bradbridge who was thrice Maior of
this Cittie, and Alice his wife, who had vj . sonnes and viij . daughters,
which Will'm deceased 1546, and this stone was finished at y* charges
of ye wors11 M™ Alice Barnham, widow, one of ye dautrb of ye said "Wm
Bradbridge, and wife of the wors11 Mr Francis Barnham decased, Shrive
and Aldrma' of Londo' in 1570. Fynyshed in Ivly 1592. A. (pheon) B."
Our readers must now be referred to Professor "Willis's admirable ob-
servations on the architectural history of the Cathedral, clearing away
all former essays on the same subject. We may, however, with Mr.
Thompson, remind them of St. Wilfrid's early connection with the see
of Selsey, the precursor of Chichester, and its interesting details, as
related by Beda. One of the bishops, Ralph Nevil, is said to have
been of the Durham family of that name, and to have been born at Raby.
However the former position may be as to collateral relationship with
the maternal ancestors of the devils of Raby, the latter can hardly be
supported. He occurs by the name of Nevil in 1213, and died in 1 244.
Now Isabel, sister of Henry de Nevil, did not become his heir until his
death in 1227. She was wife of Robert Fitz-Meldred of Raby, whose
son, Geoffrey Fitz-Robert, assumed the name of jNevil. In Burton's ex-
tracts out of the Yorkshire Pipe Rolls, preserved at Burton Constable,
we find under 11 Hen. III. (1227), Robert Fitz-Meldret, who had for
wife Ysabel, sister and heir of Henry de Neovill, accounting for 200
marks for his relief of the lands of which Henry died seised.
MONTHLY MEETING, 1 MAY, 1861.
Matthew WTieatley, Esq., Treasurer, in the Chair.
DO^ATIOJSTS OF BOOKS. — From Lord Tallot de Malahide. Catalogue
of the Antiquities of Animal Materials and Bronze in the Museum, of
the Royal Irish Academy, by Dr. W. R. Wilde. — From M. Boucher de
Perthes. L' Abbevillois," 1 6 Avril, 1861, noticing the Flints in the Drift.
— From Signer Montiroli. Ragionamento del Foro Romano e de' Prin-
cipali suoi Monumenti dalla fondazione di Roma al Primo Secolo dell'
Impero del Cav. Camillo Ravioli Osservazioni sulla topografia della
parte meridionale del Foro Romano e de' suoi piu' celebri Monumenti
dimostrata in quattro tavole ed illustrata du una veduta generale dell'
architetto Giovanni Montiroli, Roma, 1859. (The two treatises are
bound together.) — From the Canadian Institute. The Canadian Jour-
nal, K S. 32, March, 1861.
1 6 STOUP FROM EBB'S NOOK — BOOKBINDING, TEMP, HEN. vm.
STOTJP FBOM EBB'S NOOK.
MR. HINDE has sent for presentation what he takes to be a holy- water
stoup. He found it in excavating the ruins of St. Ebba's Chapel at
" Ebb's Nook," near Beadnell, a few years ago. An account of the
excavation was given at the time by Mr. Albert "Way in the Journal of
the Archajological Institute. An old font was also found. The stoup
is much weather-worn, and consists of a simple oblong block of stone,
the two ends being sloping, and the square top, so formed, hollowed into
a small basin.
BOOKBINDING, TEMP. HEN. VIII.
DR. J. J. HOWARD of Lee has sent for presentation a rubbing from the
cover of a volume printed in 1510 by Jehan Petit, and entitled " Hero-
doti Halicarnassei Thurii Historic." It now belongs to Charles Baily,
Esq., E.S.A., and on the title is inscribed the quaint name of " Obadiah
Ghossip."
Obverse. The arms of Henry VIII. France and England quarterly,
surmounted by an arched crown. Supporters, the dragon, allusive to
the descent from Cadwaladyr, and a greyhound not collared. Above
the dragon a sun and the arms of St. George. Above the greyhound
the moon and stars, and the arms of the city of London.
Reverse. The double Tudor rose, surrounded by two scrolls, in-
scribed : —
Hec . rosa . virtutis . de . celo . missa . sereno .
Eternu . florins . regia . sceptra . feret .
The scrolls diverge at the base to enclose the pomegranate erect and
slipped of Granada, the badge of Katharine of Arragon, placed under
the rose. Above one of them is the sun, over the other is the moon and
stars.
In the Gentleman's Magazine for May, 1861, some other Tudor
bindings are described with points in common. There the same legend
occurs, and the angel supporters are found flanking the royal shield
as well as the badge. They were the supporters of France. In one of
these bindings the arms of France and England, so supported, are in-
paled with Katherine's : — Quarterly, 1 and 4, Castile and Leon ; 2 and
3, Arragon and Sicily ; and on a point in base the pomegranate for
Granada
OLD RECIPES, 17
OLD KECIPE3.
DE. CHARLTON has exhibited two thin but closely written manuscripts,
enclosed in a cover formed of two leaves of an older and illuminated
book. .One of these objects is a treatise on drawing, differing in no
material degree from Peacham's Gentleman's Exercise, published in
1634, and probably not earlier in date. The other is entitled " Obser-
vations or Notes for Cookerie, gathered from experienced cookes, with
other notes and obsarvations, Februarii, Elizab. R.R. 36, ao. Dni. 1593."
Many of these are amusing by their minuteness of detail. Thus a cock
to be stewed, to renew the weak, must be a red one, and boiled with
two or three pieces of old gold. Others raise a laugh by their extreme
nastiness. The following extracts may interest the numismatist, the
admirer of Bluff Hal, and the collector of seals and old books ; while from
some elaborate precedents for feasts are severed more moderate ones,
which may give a tolerable idea of the ordinary fare offered by the hosts
of olden time.
To make one sleepe, geaven by Mr. Doct. Caldwell. Take white pop-
pie seede the weighte of a Frenche crowne, which is vijd in silver
weight now currant, &c.
A sawce for a rosfed rabbet, used ~by King Henrie the viijth. Take a
handfull of washed parcelie. Mince it smale. Boyle it with butter
and verjuice upon a chaffingdishe. Season it [with] sugar and a litle
peper grosse beaten. When it is readie put in a fewe fyne crummes of
white breade amongst the other. Let it boyle againe till it be thicke.
Then lay it in a platter, like the breadthe of three fyngers. Lay on
eche syde one rosted conie, or moe, and so searve them.
To make redd sealinge ivaxe. Take to three poundes of waxe, three
ounces of cleare turpentine in sommer, in winter take fower. Melt
them togather with a softe fyre. Then take it from the fyre and let it
kcele. Then put in vermelion verie fynelie grounde, and sallet oyle of
eche one ounce, and mixe them well together, and it wilbe perfect good
waxe.
To make redd or greene sealinge waxe. Melte a pounde of waxe and
towe ounces of turpentine togather, and when they be well molten, then
take from the fire the same, and put to them one ounce of vermelion while
it is lukewarme, and stirr it well togather in the keelinge, and then
make it up in rooles. And in like maner shall yotie make greene waxe
by putting vertgrease into it. Note, yf youe will take towe partes of
rosin, and one parte of turpentine, addinge to it vermelion, as is afore-
said, it will make the waxe the better.
13 EXCAVATIONS AT CORBRIDGE.
JBookes of Cookerie. A. Boke of Cookrie gathered by A. "W. and
ncwlie enlarged, etc., and prentted, 1584. The Good H us wiffes Jewell,
found out by the practise ot Th. Dawson, etc., Io8o. The Closett or
Treasurie of Hidden Secrettes, with sundrie additions, etc., 1586. The
Good Huswiffes Handmaid for the Kitchin, with Good Huswiffes
Clossett, etc., 1588. The Hospitall for the Diseased, with manie
excellent medicines, gathered by T. C. etc. [In addition to these,
may be added the reference of a recipe for alluring pigeons to a dove-
house by means of the scent of a roasted dog stuffed with cumin, and
the hanging of " a great glasse in the toppe of the lover, and three or
fower lokinge glasses within the dovehouse by some of the hooles."
The quotation is : — " Probatum, and taken out of the boke entitled a
Thousande Notable Things of Sundrie Sortes. Libro septimo, cap. 42."]
For Fleshe Days at Dinner. — The First Course — Pottage or stewed
brothe, boyled meate or stewed meate, chickens and bacon, powdered
beiff, pies, goose, pigg, rosted beiff, roasted veale, custarde. The Seaconde
Course — Rosted lambe, rosted capons, rosted conies, chickens, pehennes,
baked venison, tarte.
The First Course at Supper — A sallet, a pigs petitoe, powdered beiffe
sliced, a shoulder of mutton or a breast, veale, lambe, custarde. The
Second Course — Capons rosted, conies rosted, chickens rosted, larkes
rosted, a pie of pigeons and chickens, baked venison, tarte.
EXCAVATIONS AT CORBRIDGE.
DR. BRUCE gives some account of recent excavations at the singularly
irregular Roman station at Corbridge. By consent of the landowners —
the Duke of Northumberland, Mr. Beaumont, and the Trustees of Green-
wich Hospital — a labourer had been placed by Mr. Cuthbert of Beau-
front at the service of Mr. Coulson (whose services had been so useful
and carefully directed at Bremenium), for the purpose of making investi-
gations at Corbridge. He accordingly tapped the "Watling- street, and
ascertained for the first time the point where it struck the station on
the south side. It was about 20 feet wide, of the usual convex form,
and duly paved, but deprived of its curbstones. In the county of Dur-
ham, it is described as having been furnished with footways on each side,
but at Corbridge the singular adjunct occured of another road of the
same width running alongside at the west of the paved way. This
second road was unpaved, merely gravelled. Mr. Coulson was led by
this discovery to the place of the north abutment of the bridge, which
presented itself in very great decay. Only the core remained, all the
facing- stones having been removed. The southern abutment was already
EXCAVATIONS AT CORBRIDGE. 1 9
well known, and the occurence of the northern one proves the general
accuracy of Mr. Maclauchlan's conclusion that, whatever might be the
oiiginal course of the Tyne, the Roman remains would probably%be
found crossing its present course obliquely. Mr. Coulson has also cut
through the station wall in one place, and in digging into the interior
of the station found a semicircular apartment with something like a seat
round it. Dr. Bruce adds that the church is almost entirely con-
structed of Eoman stones, which occur especially in the tower. At the
back of the church a sculpture of the boar which characterised one of
the legions is built in, and an altar is inserted at the back of the Hole
Farm, but is illegible. Mr. Gipps, the vicar, has antiquities dug up
between the church and the house of Mr. George Lowrey, surgeon —
part of an inscription and part of an altar. Urns and bones have there
been found, and the conclusion that here was the cemetery is strength-
ened by a headstone which Mr. Lowrie presents to the society. It is
inscribed.
IVLIA. MATjL, . ,
NA. AN. VI. IVL.
MARCELLINVS
FILIAE CAEISSIME.
" Julia Materna, aged 6 years. Julius Marcellinus has erected this stone
to his most dear daughter." A person of the name of Quintus Elorius
Maternus occurs on an inscription found at Housesteads.
Mr. Clayton is, it seems, continuing his excavations at the bridge of
Cilurnum. Mr. Maclauchlan conjectured that this bridge also went
diagonally across the stream. The recent explorations have not verified
that position ; yet the archasological surveyor was guided by sticks in-
serted when the water was low by Mr. Elliot, an intelligent fisherman,
to mark the sites of piers. Dr. Bruce suggests that this curious dis-
crepancy might be occasioned by the fact of there having been two erec-
tions of differing periods, and that the fisherman had got some sticks in
the piers of one, and others in those of another. To this person the
doctor was indebted principally for the plan of the bridge in his work on
the Roman "Wall. He laid down stone by stone as the water allowed
him. In that plan the bridge does not present a diagonal direction.
20 GIFT FROM THE " THOMAS BELL LIBRARY."
MONTHLY MEETING, 5 JUNE, 1861.
John Fenwickj Esq., V.P., in the Chair.
DONATIONS OF BOOKS. — From Lord Londeslorough. An Illustrated Cata-
logue of Antique Silver Plate formed by Albert Lord Londesborough,
now the property of Lady Londesborough, by Frederick AY. Fairholt,
F.S.A. For private reference. 1860. — From the Society of Anti-
quaries of Scotland Their Proceedings, Vol. III. Pt. 2, 1861. — From
the Rev. J. Everett. Earnes's Guide to Dorchester, and a lithographic
view of the remarkable Earth-works at Maiden Castle, about two miles
distant from that town.
Gift from the " Thomas Sell Library.11
The members are agreeably surprised and gratified by a large
and unexpected increase to their stores — 100 volumes having been
placed on their table by the family of the late Mr. Thomas Bell, each
volume being labelled with the following inscription : — " This Volume,
with one hundred others, from the ' Thomas Bell Library,' is presented
to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, as a memorial
of the late collector's interest in the Society from its foundation to his
death."
The collection is in a great measure of a manuscript character, the
labour of Mr. Bell himself, and comprises, as will be seen by the sub-
joined schedule, matter illustrative of very varied branches of the topo-
graphical and domestic history of Newcastle and the North of England.
The collections relative to the Town Moor and the parish of St. John's
are peculiarly minute and interesting to the Newcastle antiquary. Mr.
Clayton points out a ludicrous piece of latinity relative to the Powder
Plot in the Old MS. of Latin Discourses. "Oratioin Conjurationem
Sulphuream habita in Templo B. Marias, Nov. 5, 1652."
A special vote of thanks was carried by acclamation for this interest-
ing memorial of an accurate and painstaking lover of antiquarian lore.
A list of the volumes presented follows : —
NEWCASTLE. — St. Nicholas' Parish. — The Church, 8vo, 2 vols. — The
Burial places in the same Church, 8vo. — Inscriptions in the Church-
yard, copied by T. G. Bell, 1832, 8vo. — Vicar Smith, 8vo, 3 vols.
St. Johns Parochial Chapelry. — The Church and Parochial Chapelry,
8vo, 4 vols. — The Church, small 4 to. — The Burial-places and Grave-
stones in the Churchyard, 1763, folio. -- Monumental Inscriptions,
8vo, 3 vols. — The Pews, 4to. — The Organ and Organist, 4to. — The
Afternoon Lectureship, 4to. — The Sunday Evening Lectures, 4to. —
The Sunday Schools, 8vo. — The Churchwardens, Overseers, and other
Officers since 1 660, with Minutes of the Vestry Proceedings, oblong. -
Church Rates, folio.
GIFT FROM THE " THOMAS BELL LIBRARY." 21
Dissenters' Chapels. — Postern Chapel, 8vo. — Clavering Place Chapel,
8vo. — Groat Market Chapel 8vo.
Miscellaneous. — Town Moor, 8vo, 4 vols. — Catalogue of the New-
castle Theological Library, discontinued 1825, 8vo. — Two copies of
the Eev. Tho. Maddison's Anniversary Sermon in the Trinity Chapel,
on Monday, 7 Jan. 17GO, 8vo, 2 vols. — Musical Festivals, of 1778
(4to), 1814, 1824, 8vo, (one vol. marked ''Concerts/') 6 vols. — Mem-
oranda relative to the Town, 8vo. — MS. Report of the Trial, Watson
v. Carr, 1823 (for Sykes's print), 4to. — Imposition of a County Hate
in Newcastle, 4to. — Visit of Wellington, 1827, 4to. — Corporation
Mirror, 1829, 1832, 8vo. — Fever in Newcastle, 1803, 8vo. — J. M.
Bell's Report of the Newcastle Poetic Society, >vo. — Lunardi's Bal-
loon Accident, 8vo. — An old MS. of Latin Discourses of the 17th
century, and copies made in the 1 &th century of some of the Newcastle
Charters, 8vo. — Proceedings on the Death of the Duke of York, 8vo.
— Radical Monday, 1821, 8vo. — Sale at the Mansion House, 1836,
8vo. — Athena3um Report of the Meeting of the British Association,
1838, 4to. — Newcastle Elections, 1774 (including Northumberland),
1777-80, 1796 to 1820, 1812, 1818, 1820, 1826, 12 vols.
NORTHUMBERLAND. — Northumberland Poll Books, 1747-8, three edi-
tions, 4 vols. — Treacherous Combination Displayed, or a Temporary
Meal for the Freeholders of Northumberland, 1775, 8vo. — Account
of the Office of Sheriff of Northumberland, 8vo. — Northumberland
Election, 1826. — Memoranda relating to the County, 8vo. — Lords,
Knights, &c., in Northumberland and Durham, who compounded for
their Estates, 8vo. — Index of Places, &c., named in Horsley's Map of
Northumberland, 8vo. — Alnwick Castle and other Poems, New York,
1836, 8vo. — Liber Feodarii, from the Lawson MS. 1584, afterwards
printed by Hodgson in his Northumberland, 8vo. — Thomas Bates' s
Letter to the Bishop of Durham concerning the Sale of Ridley Hall
Estate, 1830, 8vo.
DURHAM:. — Rules for Durham Gaol, 1819, 4to. — Rules for Quarter
Sessions at Durham, 1820, 4to. — Addenda to Surtees's Durham, 4to.
— King James's Hospital, Durham, 4to. — A Sermon preached at
"Whickham, 1732, by Taylor Thirkeld, M.A., on Almsgiving, New-
castle, 8vo. — The Act for Improving the Navigation of the River
Tees, 1808, 8vo. — Day's Observations on the Durham and Sunder-
land Railway, 8vo. — Messrs. Dodd and Bell on the River "Wear, 1 794,
1816, small 4to. — Examination of Thomas Jones, Bankrupt, late a
Partner in the Wear Bank, 8vo.
MISCELLANEOUS. — Chapman's Reports on the Carlisle Canal, 1818, 8vo.
— Dodd's and Chapman's Observations on Railways, &c., 8vo. — Ac-
count of the Cholera in the North, 1832, 8vo. — Local Poems by Frier
and Ferguson, 8vo. — Tho. Charlton Sykes's Essay on the Stage, 8vo,
MS. — The Battle of the Bards, in Five Poems, with Notes by Tho.
Bell, 1802, 8vo, MS. — Hints for a better Parochial Registration, by
John Bell, MS., folio. — Dr. Matt. Stewart on the Distance of the Sun
from the Earth, Edinb., 1763, 8vo. — Jonathan Thompson's Political
22 THE TEMPERAMENT AND APPEARANCE OF ROBERT BURNS.
Tracts, Newcastle, 1786-89. 8vo. —A Fiscal MS. of J. R. Wilson, 8vo.
— Spirit of the Times, 1801 ; MS. of Epigrams, &c., 2 vols. — His-
tory of a Tithe Cause tried at York, 1815, between the Rev. Reginald
Bligh, Rector of Romaldkirk, and John Benson, by Bligh, 8vo. —
Montgomery v. Doubleday & Co. 1825, 8vo.
ON THE TEMPERAMENT AND APPEARANCE OF
ROBERT BURNS.
BY ROBERT WHITE.
IN exhibiting these two Autograph Poems by Robert Burns, there are
some observations deduced from them, which I would bring before the
notice of the Society, respecting the temperament and appearance of
the Scottish poet.
In every case of comparison there are exceptions ; but, on an average,
I perceive that when a person is of a sanguine temperament, and espe-
cially of a florid complexion, his handwriting is large and free, and
generally it will be seen to increase in size and be flowing if his
hair have a light reddish tinge. A gain, when the bilious temperament
prevails, and the eyes and hair assume the hue of the raven's wing, we see
the handwriting tend to be small, stiff, and confined, though very distinct
in all its parts. We have, therefore, between these classes, and parti-
cipating in them less or more, all the complexions we see, and hence
the infinite variety and forms of handwriting.
From what we read of Robert Burns, we learn that he had dark eyes
and hair, and a very dark complexion. A young woman observed, that
if any of her sex were seated near the poet, keeping her ears shut and
her eyes open, there could be no danger of her falling in love with him.
One would almost be induced to think he must have been of the bilious
temperament, that his eyes were jet black and he had crisp black hair.
This supposition, however, dees not agree with the manner and form of
his handwriting. By examination of these specimens, and they are
even written in a smaller character than others I have seen and possess,
it will, I believe, be admitted they are nothing like what we might
expect to see from the hand of a bilious man. His father was of a
dark complexion and inclined to be bilious, but his mother had reddish
hair and beautiful dark eyes. Keeping, therefore, all these details in
view, we are led to believe that Robert Burns was not of the bilious,
but of the sanguine temperament, although approaching so near to the
former, that it might be almost difficult to distinguish whether he ac-
THE TEMPERAMENT AND APPEARANCE OF ROBERT BURNS. 23
tually bordered on the very line between them. His eyes therefore, I
presume, were not clear black, but of deep brown ; his hair inclining
to a yellow tinge in his infancy, but of dark auburn as he advanced
in life, and his complexion agreeing with and assimilating to these ap-
pearances. With this view of the man and the poet, the handwriting
appears to be in perfect keeping, and I throw out the opinion that it
may obtain the consideration of those who know physiology, and are
able to handle a subject of this kind, whereby we may judge more ac-
curately of the passions, the tendencies and the genius of the greatest
of all our Scottish poets.
I am not in this place prepared to refute the calumny and censure from
different quarters which have been directed against the memory of this
most remarkable man. His failings ought rather to awaken our sympa-
thy ; for when we consider the vital influence which his writings have
produced upon his own countrymen and others over the wide world, I
do not hesitate to regard him as the most gifted individual of his day.
"We are gainers by what he left us and not losers, and it becomes us to
be grateful for what he accomplished. Indeed, he has himself fur-
nished the best reply to his detractors in the quantity of verse he pub-
lished, both in poems and songs, and the numerous letters he wrote
from the commencement of his authorship down to the close of his life,
and that was comprised in the brief course of only about ten years.
During that period he had the business of a farm, first at Mossgiel and
afterwards at Ellisland, to occupy his attention ; while at the latter
place, and also at Dumfries, he had the responsible duties of an excise
officer to perform over several parishes. This he accomplished to the
approval of the higher authorities, for his accounts were kept in such
excellent order, that it is said old Maxwell of Terraughty, a rigid and
determined magistrate, once observed, "Bring me Burns' s books. It
always does me good to see them : they show that a warm, kind-hearted
man may be a diligent and honest officer." It was therefore only in
his leisure hours that he could apply himself to original composition ;
and when we examine what he produced by bulk alone, apart from the
pith and spirit he infused into whatever he wrote, we feel justified in
saying that no dissolute man could have accomplished an equal amount
of labour, for at such intervals the pen must have been scarcely ever
out of his hand.
[The two poems exhibited by Mr. White have been printed. One is
the "Monody on Maria E. ;" the other, " Country Lassie."]
24 WINSTON.
WINSTON.
Br W. HYLTON DYER LONGSTAFFE, F.S.A.
ME. H. M. SCAETH, of 15, Bath wick Hill, Bath, having called my at-
tention to the head of a Saxon cross at "Winston, and sent some rough
sketches of it, and facilities having since been kindly afforded by the
rector for rubbings of its two sides, they are now submitted to the
Society. The stone, which was lying loose in the churchyard, has been
placed for safety in the entrance hall of the Rectory-house.
Independently of the interest of its ornaments, wrhich are of a character
unusual in this part of the country, its occurrence at Winston is topo-
graphically important. It proves beyond all question the early exist-
ence of Christian worship at the place. Winston, as a name, does not
occur until immediately after the Conquest — but, both before and after-
wards, we have, among the possessions of the see of Durham, the name
of Heacliffe, which, whether it be identical with a still earlier Ileclif, or
not, does not, for historical reasons, seem to have been Cliffe, in York-
shire, or for similar reasons, and from the contemporary occurrence of
Acleia for Aycliffe, to have been the latter place. The manor-house
of Winston manor, and some part of the demesne lands are document-
arily called Heighly, and pronounced Hikely, and with Winston or this
part of it, Heacliffe is probably to be identified.
The fragment is part of the transverse bar of an upright cross, with
a border of beads, probably in imitation of the jewels on cruciform orna-
ments of gold. On one side, is a circular centrepiece, also beaded, and
the appearance of a stag hunt, two stags, a dog, and perhaps a spear
head being the objects visible. The edges, which are not shown here,
present very rude knotwork. On the other side, we have in the centre
a singular group, which may be thought to resolve itself into a figure
reclining on a harrow or gridiron ; if the latter, St. Lawrence is pro-
bably indicated. His effigy on a seal from a brass matrix in the hands
of Mr. Abbott, of Darlington, marked * SAVNCTE LAVEE^C. is produced
for comparison. Near him is a bunch of the conventional grapes so
common on these crosses, and thought to refer to the true vine, and at
each end is a niche with a figure. Of one only the head is left ; the
other is perfect, and seems to be praying to a small cross of St. Andrew,
which is curiously incised on the border of the niche.
It is a coincidence, possibly nothing more, that the church is dedicated
to St. Andrew. The hill on which it stands seems to have been sliding
sWKg*?^;3a
*f3^3l?L? ffc>"^
WINSTON. 25
away on the south side, as the appearance of a priest's door is above
the present level. The church has recently undergone much refacing
and alteration. The original portions left, namely some Avails of the
chancel, and the piers and arches which open into the south and only
aisle of the nave, are plain work of the second half of the twelfth cen-
tury. The piscina is more ornate. It is a trefoiled niche, the cusps
knobbed, and the chamfered moulding ornamented with pellets or nut-
meg ornaments. The western bay of the nave is marked off, by the
western pier being of double thickness. The belfry was very plain.
It had two bells in Edward VI.7 s time. A. picturesque turret has now
supplanted it. The font has rude sculpture round its bowl, possibly
copied in comparatively late times from a medley of Norman and
Mediaeval originals. There are fabulous beasts, foliage, and window
tracery.
In the south wall of the chancel is now built in a slab of the thir-
teenth century, with the toothed ornament on its chamfered edges. I
had only time to secure a rough sketch of the lower part of the cross,
and its attendant martlets and sword, but I have supplied the deficiency
from a drawing by Mr. "Walbran, and a fair idea of the stone will be had.
Mr. "Walbran also perpetuates on his lithograph (intended for his
uncompleted History of Gainford) a small piece of Saxon knotwork like
the edge of a cross, which I did not notice.
There are some small brasses, of which rubbings are produced. A.
slab at the east end of the south aisle bears the marks of a civilian's
effigy, with the following inscription on a brass label : —
Of yor charite pray for ye Soulle of Richard Mafon ye whyche
defefyd ye ix day of May in ye yere of or lord M v° xxxij oil
whofe Soulle Jhu pdon.
In the chancel is an earlier label of brass, engraved by an ignorant
or careless workman.
Hie iaeet dns Johes purlles cappllan9 qui . obiet xxvj die april
A° dni M° CCCO Ixxxxviij".
These inscriptions are very loosely printed in the county histories.
The chaplain probably officiated at the little chapel near Heighley Hall,
of which the last remains had been removed before Surtees's publication.
He reports that the following brass, which now lies near the pulpit
in the nave, had been lately discovered in an old lumber chest in Win-
VOL. VI. D
26 CONTRACT FOR A PRIVATE COACH.
ston church. There are peculiarities in its engraving not noticed by
the historian. The legend is in small capitals.
Here lieth the body of Mrsary Dowthwhet davghter of George
Scroope Esqvire and wife of JIr-Iolm Dowthwhet of West-
holme who in Childbed died the xxviijth daye of November
1606.
The inscription laid down by the last of the Dowthwaites, which
'Surtees saw on a coarse stone in the floor of the nave, and which in
fact now lies between the nave and south aisle in a broken state, is only
repeated in order to note the injuries it has suffered in removing the
ceiling of the nave, for the substitution of an open roof of stained deal.
The monument is interesting from the impression it seems to have made
beyond anything else in the church on the gentle mind of our topo-
grapher. The pith of it is now missing or hidden from view, and is
supplied in brackets.
[Here, was buryed the] Body of John Dowthwaite of West-
holme Gen1 who dyed Septbr [16, 1680, aged 80 years.
Here lyeth the body of John Dowthwaite his grandson, who
dyed June 11, 1707, aged 23 years, 5 months, and 16 days,
son of Barnard Dowthwaite of Westholme, Gent., now]
liveing, the last Heir Male of ye Familye Owner8 of West-
holme above 200 years.
"Of Barnard himself, who was buried 5 Jan. 1714, uUimus suorum,
no monumental memorial (says Surtees) is left. There is something
plainly and coarsely touching in the epitaph enumerating the years,
weeks, and days of his only child's existence; something speaking even
in humble life of extinguished hope, and of a damp mildewed feeling
of the total extinction of the race of respectable yeomanry, who had
f been owners of Westholme above 200 years.' "
CONTKACT FOR A PRIVATE COACH.
OUR old friend ME. JAMES CLEPHAK, with kind recollections of the
retrospective tendencies of his Northern friends, has addressed the fol-
lowing note to the Editor — " Whilst I was resident in Leicestershire,
I accompanied some friends to Beaumanor, the seat of "William Perry
CONTEACT FOR A PRIVATE COACH. 27
Herrick, Esq., on Charnwood Forest, our errand-in-chief being to see a
family coach of 1740. Mr. Herrick was kind enough to offer me a
lithograph of this curious relic, and also a printed copy of the coach-
maker's contract ; and as I was already in possession of both, I said so,
and proposed to him that I might place his copies in the hands of the
Society of Antiquaries, in Newcastle ; to which he cheerfully consented."
To Wm. Herrick, Esg*. att Beau Mannor. In LougKbrough Bag.
Leicestershire.
London 8ber ye 28th 1740.— Dr Sir,— I carry'd the arms Miss Gage
sent to the coach makers and the other side is the charge of the whole
which I hope you'l like, I am sure I have done as if it had been my
case and I dare say the man will finish it as it should be and at the
time he promissed ........ All friends here joyn in
humble love to you & all friends, and I am, Dr neighbour, Yr8, &°.,
C. HAETOPP. — The coach maker wants to know the colour of the lineing.
AN ESTAMATE OF A CoACH TO BE MAJ)E FOR WM. HAEEICK,
BY E. Hi-ELEE.
1710, Octo : To a new coach to be made with the best seasoned tim-
ber, the doors to be arched, the body to be neatly runn, the ends of the
bottom, sides, corner pillars, and asticks round the glasses to be neatly
carved, colouring and varnishing the body olive colour, painting thereon
a sett of shields, hightned in gold, and a sett of armes, and crests, cover-
ing the body with the best neats leather, the vallons whelted and drove
in archess, to be lined with any colour' d cloth except scarlett, a seat
cloth ye same of the lining, a woosted triming to the inside, the seats
quilted and tufts to them, 2 door glasses and canvasis in the doors also
a strong sett of main and save braces, a sett of cross and collar braces,
a neat carriage carved answerable to the body, and a strong sett of
wheels, colouring the carriage and wheels bright red and olive colour,
varnishing them with vermillion, gilding the shield, and painting the
crest on the hind cross barr, and boxis under the inside seats, all to be com-
pleted in a workmanlike manner for seventy three pounds ten shillings,
73£. 10«. To a new sett of splin trees, a spear barr and splin tree, a
drage chain and drage staff, and straps and buckles, ll. 16s. To a
budget to hang under the coachmans seat, a hammer, a pair of pinchers,
a cold chisell, 24 clouts, 12 linspins, and hurters, and 200 of clout
nailes, IL 12s. To 4 new harness made with the best neats leather, a
brass plate on the edge of housing, crest housing plates, brass watering
hooks, starrs, and screwd rings to ye head stalls double bard bits and a
sett of reins, 12/. To a large winscott trunk to go between to the fore
standard plates, handles, and a lock to it, ll. 2s. To a new cover for
the coach made with fine barriss, ll. 5s. — 92Z. 5s.
28 OLD BARBER'S BASIN. — JEDBURGH FLAGS.
MONTHLY MEETING, 3 JULY, 1861.
John FenwicJc, £sq., KP., in the Chair.
DOXATIOK-S or BOOKS. — JBy Mr. 0. Roach Smith. His Letter on Anglo-
Saxon Remains discovered recently in various places in Kent. — From
the Rev. C. H. Hartshorne. His Itinerary of King Edward the Second,
1861, for private distribution. — From the Archaeological Institute. The
Archaeological Journal, No. 69, 1861. — From the Town Surveyor.
Reports of the Town Surveyor and the Surveyor of Eoads, Scavenging,
and Nuisances of Newcastle, for 1859 and I860. Remarks by the Town
Surveyor and Inspector of Nuisances on an article in the "Builder,"
headed " Condition of our chief towns — Newcastle- on- Tyne."
JEWISH SHEKEL — The Rev. James Everett exhibits a shekel of the
usual types — the pot of incense and Aaron's budding rod.
FRENCH MS.— Dr. Charlton exhibits a French MS. of the fifteenth
century, containing the Hours of the Virgin and a Legend in French of
>St. Margaret. The border is of gold foliage, with small subjects occa-
sionally introduced among it, and there are some large miniatures of
Tery superior execution.
ASSEMBLY ROOMS. — Dr. Charlton also exhibits the original broadside
List of Proprietors of the New Assembly Rooms, at Newcastle, 1787.
OLD BARBER'S BASIN.
THE Society, with pleasant reminiscences of Don Quixote's helmet,
agrees to purchase from Mr. John Bell a fine example of the old barber's
basin, composed of white pottery with blue flowering. Mr. Wheatley
thinks it probable that the necessity of washing the flowing honours of
the present day will reintroduce the use of the basin.
JEDBURGH FLAGS.
Ma. WHITE produces facsimiles in silk, half size, of three flags con-
nected with the Weavers of Jedburgh, and preserved in the museum
there. All are nearly 6 feet long, of green silk, with white ornaments,
and all have the addition of the shuttle of the craft. One, of oblong
shape, with a thin St. Andrew's cross, and a rose at the intersection of
its limbs, is dated 1661. Another, of pennon shape, has St. Andrew's
cross only, and is said to have been at the battle of Killicrankie. The
third is also decorated with the same cross, and in spite thereof, and in
spite of its colour, bears the inscription: — "Taken from the English
at Bannockburn, 1314."
JACOBITE RELICS. 29
JACOBITE RELICS OF 1715 AND 1745.
BY EDWARD CHARLTON, M.D.
CONSIDERING the important part played by the gentry of Northumber-
land in the rising of 1715, it seems strange that so few remains of that
eventful period have come down to our time. In truth, however, both
parties, that of the Hanoverians and that of the Stuarts, were anxious
to hide from the public eye all traces of that year. The Jacobites dared
not retain about their houses evidences of their having been concerned
in the plot or in the actual warfare that ensued ; and hence it is, that
so few letters or documents have been preserved implicating any of the
Northumbrian gentry at either of these periods. There cannot, how-
ever, be a doubt but that for nearly a hundred years after the Revolu-
tion of 1688, several of the country gentlemen of Northumberland kept
up more or less correspondence with the members and adherents of the
exiled family. The few relics of the period above alluded to that we
exhibit this evening have been entrusted to us by the relict of one
whose ancestors were always devoted adherents of the Stuarts, and
one of whose ancestors — the individual alluded to in the letter we
produce — took an active and prominent part in the rising of 1715.
These objects were found hid away in a lumber room, in the house of
Sandhoe, whither they had no doubt been brought from Reedsmouth,
the seat of the family of Charlton of the Bower and Reedsmouth from
an early period. The family is descended from Hector Charlton of
the Bower, who in the sixteenth century set at defiance the interdict
laid upon North Tynedale, for the raid into the Bishopric of Durham.
William Charlton of the Bower and Reedsmouth, generally, from the
first named possession, known as Bowrie or Bourie, took, as we have
said, an active part in the rising of 1715. He was afterwards pardoned,
but this was not the first time that Bowrie had been in trouble with
the Government.
On the 21st of February, 1709, he quarrelled with Hemy "Widdrington
of Bellingham (?) about a horse,1 as there was a horse-race that day on the
1 In these times the penal statute by which no papist was allowed to possess a
horse of tho value of more than five pounds was strictly enforced. In 1745, Sir Wil-
liam Middleton of Belsay seized the horses at Hesleyside ; and in the Leadbitter
family there is a tradition of the devices resorted to to preserve a valuable horse belong-
ing to the then owner of Warden. The horse was first hid in the wood that borders
Homer's lane, but having been heard to neigh when a picket of soldiers was riding
by, it was thought dangerous to leave him there. He was accordingly brought back
to Warden, and was lifted by cords up into the loft above the cart-horse stable, and
there a chamber was built round him of trusses of hay and straw. His neighing
here would of course attract no attention, unless the soldiers were actually in the
stable.
30 JACOBITE RELICS.
Doddheaps, close to Bellingham. They adjourned to a small hollow south
of the Doddheaps called Reedswood Scroggs, and which we can remem-
ber well as having been pointed out to us many years ago. The ash trees
in that fatal hollow had not then been cut down ; indeed, they were
standing till within a few years, and served to mark the spot. Here the
combatants fought, and Bowrie slew his opponent. He is said by one
tradition to have been taken "red-handed," as William Laidley (aw?)
of Emblehope, who witnessed the fight, hastened to the Doddheaps, and
alarmed the people, who seized the offender. We are inclined, how-
ever, to believe that Bowrie escaped on horseback, and that same night
reached the residence of Nicholas Leadbitter, of Warden and Wharmley.
He was concealed in the house at Wharmley, and walked the floor all
the night in his heavy boots, to the surprise, and no doubt somewhat
to the annoyance, of his host and his family. He subsequently obtained
tha pardon of Queen Anne, under the great seal, for this chance medley ;
and this document we are enabled by the kindness of the relict of the
last Charlton of the Bower, and herself a Leadbitter of Warden, to ex-
hibit this evening.2 Widdrington's body was buried before Charlton' s
pew door in Bellingham church, under this inscription, now hidden by
pew-work : — " The Burial Place of Henry Widrington of Butland, Gen-
tleman, who was killed by M. William Charlton of Eeedsmouth, Feb-
ruary 23rd [21st?] iu the' Year of our Lord, 1711." [1709 or 1710?]
It is said that on this account Bowrie would never again enter the sacred
edifice. It therefore seems that Bowrie was probably a protestant, or
at least had temporarily conformed, and this is the more probable, as
we find in Patten's History of the Rebellion that his name is not entered
as a papist. On the other hand, he is not designated a protestant, as are
the other " rebels;" so we may fairly conclude that Bowrie had no religion
at all. His brother Edward is said by Patten to have recently become a
2 The crown by pardon could frustrate an indictment, but not an appeal of death,
•which was the private suit of the wife or male heir for atonement — life for life.
This could only be discharged by release, and Widdrington's widow must have been
induced to discontinue her proceedings, which certainly were commenced by her.
Matthew Eobson and William Robson, two yeomen of Bellingham, were pledges for
the prosecution; and Marmaduke Constable of Everingham, co. York, bart., Thomas
Handasyde of Pall Mall, co. Middx., esq., Roger Fenwicke of Dilstone, co. Nd., esq.,
and Nevill Ridley of Sohoe, co. Middx., esq., were bail for Charlton. There was a
sort of reference to Bishop Crew to examine into the circumstances and report. One
of the records in the action of appeal states that William Charlton, of Readsmouth,
gent., was attached to answer Elizabeth, widow of Henry Widdrington, gent., who was
wilfully and of malice aforethought assaulted and murdered by Charlton at Belling-
ham, at the hour of 3 p.m. on the twenty-first day of February, 8 Anne, [1709-10].
The mortal wound was given near the left pap by a sword. Death immediately
ensued, and Charlton fled, and was pursued from township to township until [he was
taken.] The papers, which are incomplete, are among the Allgood MSS. — Ed.
I
JACOBITE RELICS. 31
papist, having married a person of that persuasion. However we find
that Bowrie' s lands are registered as a catholic's under the penal statutes
in 1723. Be this as it may, Bowrie left no legitimate issue, and the
children of Edward Charleton, his younger brother, succeeded to the
estates. Edward Charleton had married the relict of Errington of Wai-
wick Grange, originally a Miss Dalton of Thurnham, and Bowrie is said
to have been anxious that his illegitimate daughters should be brought
up under her care. She demurred under the plea that that they were
protestants and she catholic, but Bowrie told her to make them what
she liked. These ladies afterwards lived long in Hexham, and are re-
membered by persons yet living. They continued staunch Jacobites to
the very last. On the first relaxation of the penal laws, about 1780,
King George III. was for the first time prayed for publicly in the ca-
tholic chapels in England. The instant his name was mentioned, the
Miss Charletons rose from their seat and moved out of the chapel, and
this they continued to do all their lives. We know not who were the
friends by whose intercession Bowrie obtained his pardon from Queen
Anne. It is probable that the occurrence was regarded in the light of
a mere brawl, and tradition gives us as one of the circumstances strongly
urged in his favour, that alter Widdrington had fallen, he threw his
own cloak over the dying man before he rode away from the scene.
"We next hear of Bowrie as engaged in the rising of 1715, but the
details of his exploits on that occasion have not come down to us. He
behaved, it is said, bravely at Preston, but we do not know when he
was relieved. In 1745, Bowrie was imprisoned as one suspected of fa-
vouring the Stuarts. It is said that this was done by his own friends
to keep him out of mischief, for he must then have been well advanced
in years. We produce the original warrant for his commitment, signed
by Cuthbert Smith, then Mayor of Newcastle, and dated November 1st,
1745. Bowrie no doubt felt his imprisonment keenly, and did his best
to obtain his release. He seems to have applied to Collingwood of Chir-
ton for this purpose, and we produce that gentleman's autograph an-
swer, regretting his inability to do anything for him.
Dear Sir — I recd the favour of yours with no small concern, and am
very sensible how uneasy your confinement must make you. I should
be glad if it were in my power to put an end to it by admitting you to
bail, and hoped the transmitting above such informations against you
as had come to my knowledge, together with your own examination,
might have procured leave to bail you ; but, instead of that, the Duke
of Newcastle told us in his answer that it was not proper to admitt you
to bail I own I thought that answer cruel, unless it were occasioned
by some further charge against you, which you must be the best judge
32 JACOBITE KELICS.
whether probable or not. As you stand committed by the Mayor of
Newcastle, the Bench of Northumberland cannot aid you, and as the
Mayor is acquainted with the Duke of Newcastle's directions, I am apt
to think he will not act contrary to them. I will, however, communi-
cate your letter to him, and do you all the service I am able, but am
afraid that you must apply to the Duke of Newcastle for leave for the
Mayor to bail you before that step can be taken
This is the trew state of your case, which I thought it not improper
to make you acquainted with, that you might be apprized I want powrer
more than inclination to relieve you ; for as I wish and hope you will
prove innocent, I hereby sympathize with you in your suffering, and
am, as I always have been — Dear Sir — Your real friend and humble
servt., ED. COLLINGWOOD. — Chirton, June (?) 12, 1746.
Prom this time we do not learn much of him, save what has come
down by tradition of his rough and roystering disposition. In 1736,
James Tone, steward at Hesleyside, writing to Edward Charleton of
Hesleyside, who had then, on the death of his father, succeeded to that
property, speaks thus of Bowrie. "We have preserved the remarkable
orthography of the letter : —
" Bowrry Charlton wass all wayes vearry a-Bousiffe and scornfull
man to my Master — and would a made him foudelled and sould him
deare Bargains and abused him when he had done."
No doubt the old squire was rough and rude, and fond of his cups.
Among the articles we exhibit to-night is a Venice glass, of which there
were several at Sandoe House, with a rose and oak leaf engraven on
the bowl. Between these is a single star, to which, when the King's
health was given, the loyal Jacobite placed his lips, and drank his
Majesty's health "under the rose."3 Another glass, of which but very
few now remain, has Prince Charles's head and bust, with the motto
" Audentior Ibo." Another huge Venice glass has on it the inscription,
" Pero, take your advantage" which may however have been only a
drinking word of the old squire's. No doubt Bowrie, after his release,
continued to cherish the memory of the Stuarts, and perhaps to plot a
little in their favour when an opportunity occurred. Nothing was more
likely than that he and his family should love to collect memorials of the
Stuarts, and accordingly we show a mull, dated 1745, with the inscrip-
tion, " Oh Charlie, ye've been lang a cummin !" a pair of the well
known Jacobite silk garters, woven probably at Lyons, with the inscrip-
3 The star is exactly under a large full-blown rose, which doubtless symholises the
claimant of the crown himself. There are two buds, greater and lesser, on the same
branch, perhaps intended for Prince Charles and the Cardinal of York.
JACOBITE RELICS. 33
tlOn, " COME LET US WITH 01STE HEAHT AGKEE TO PEAT THAT GOD MAY
BLESS P. c. ;" and a pincushion bearing the names of the victims of 1746
on the Jacobite side.4 We suspect these pincushions to have been like-
wise made at Lyons, or somewhere abroad.
The last relic connected with these times that we have to show is a
letter written evidently by a conspirator, and couched in the most am-
biguous terms. The original is directed to Mr. William Bell, super-
visor, Hexham ; but there can be little or no doubt but that it was
intended for no such servant of King George, as the individual addressed
in the letter itself is termed Dr. Cambray. This was no doubt a nom
de guerre, and we have no means of knowing who was the Pontifex
Maximus. Nor do we believe that Wylam is the real place spoken of
as the place of meeting appointed.
Dr Cambray, — I had yours, and nothing could give greater pleasure
than to hear that our generous and worthy friend Bowrie is still able to
bend a Bicker. Long may he live to teem a Cog, and (while he dis-
dains the little superficial formalitys of our modern Gentry or those that
would be thought such) to receive his friends with the old undisguised
and Gentlemanlike hearty welcome.
The proposal he made concerning Carmichael is of a piece with the
general ten our of his benevolent sentiments towards the honest or indi-
gent part of mankind.
When he takes his flight from among your Northumbrian mountains
towards the Elysian fields, he'll scarcely leave a fellow. Nor am I so
partial to the Calidonian hills as to believe they ever produced a man of
more honr and honesty.
* Of white satin with hlue tassels at the corners. The inscriptions are printed from
copper- plates, and the names run in circles round a centre, in which is a douhle rose
displayed, and the inscription round it, MART : FOB : K : & cou : 1746 :• — (Martyred
for king and country, 1746.)
/ Inner -5%.~Earl Kilmamock. Earl Derwentwater. Ld. Lovat, Ld.
/ Balmorino.
Second- Ring. — T. Deacon. Syddale. T. Chadwicke. G. Fletcher. J. Berwick.
Ja. Bradshaw. J. Dawson.
Third Ring. — P. Taylor P. Lindsey. A. Kennedy. J. McGregor. A.
Parker. P. Keir. L. Read. The Revd. T. Coppock. T. Park. A. Blyde.
Outer Ring. — J. McGenis. J. Thompson Murray. Mayrie. Sevenson.
McDonald. Dempsey. Connolly. Endsworth. Sparks. Horn. D. Morgan,
Esqr. C. Gorden. McKenzie. J. McClain.
/ Inner Ring. — Col. Townley. Sir L. "Wederhurn. Sir A. Primrose. F. Buch-
annan, Esqr. I. Hamilton, Esqr.
Second Ring. — M. Deliard. C. Gorden. Cap. McDonald. Cap. Wood. Cap.
Leith. Cap. Hamilton. Dan. M. Daniel.
Third Ring. — I. Wallis. Henderson. I. McNaughton. I. Roehothom. H.
Cameron. I. Innis. I. Harvie. D. Fraizer. B. Mayson. Donald M'Donald.
Outer Rmff.—'£hQ Revd. R. Lyon. Rol. Clavering. G. Reid. Eaton. Heys.
Brady. Ogilvie. Roper. Brand. Swan. Holt. Hunter. Mitchel. Nichol-
\ eon. Matthews. Hint.
VOL. VI. E
34 JACOBITE 'RELICS.
Carmichael is a good honest lad, but infected with that damned Scots
disease never to spare his [property?], or his purse where friendship or
necessity calls. Notwithstanding, he has three callants will receive no
arguments instead of a dinner, and the good wife, a yell [?] Kid in her
Killting ; so that if the aifair could he carried on, I would willingly
contribute my mite, but I want courage to beg for a Countryman.
If you see Bowrie offer him my warmest good wishes, which extends
to the tenth generation after him. Accept the same for the bairns, espe-
cially Bessy Bell, for I have had none to talk nonsense to since she left
me. Tell her Madam Badrous has a pair of bonnie bairns, and swears
revenge on her for diserting her office, as she was formerly nurse. Make
my compliments to her Ladyship with all the havings you have, and
believe me to be with paternal as well as pastoral affection, Dr Cam-
bray, Yours while — PONT. MAX. — From the face of the Deep Waters,
July 1 7th, 1750.
P.S. I almost dayly see men from South and North, intirely strangers
to the habitation of the Young Goodman of Bellnagih : only they tell
me his father alone knows where he is, assures them he is well, and de-
sires they may be content and ask no more questions. Tom of Lubeck
is here from Lond : and greets you kindly in the covenant ; he intends
to kiss your hands at Wylam Sunday comes a week, where I must at-
tend the conclave, but if he's diverted by his friends I shall give you
notice. Mention the honest Bp. to Bowrie ; he was once his guest
upon the Bellingham tramp. [Address.^ — To Mr. AVm. Bell, Super-
visor, Hexham.
The character of Bowrie here given is in all probability a tolerably
correct one. The writer hints at his somewhat rough and unpolished
manners, but bears testimony to his good heart. The allusion to the
" Young Goodman of Bellnagih " is evidently meant for the Young
Prince Charles, by the old Stuart soubriquet of the " Gudeman of Bal-
lengeich." It would have been curious indeed if we could have ob-
tained a report of what was discussed at the conclave at "Wylam, but no
short-hand writer was present at these secret meetings to take down the
dangerous words uttered or the treasonable toasts drank by the Jacobite
squires of Northumberland.
ECCLESIASTICAL VESTMENTS.
DB. CHAKLTON has exhibited a priest's chasuble of the modern open-
sided form, rounded at the foot of both front and back, and the accom-
panying stole and maniple. They belonged to the Brandlings, and
when that family broke up their residence at Felling, were purchased
by Mr. Michael Dunn of Salt well. They are chiefly composed of
ECCLESIASTICAL VESTMENTS. 35
some older vestment of velvet, probably crimson once, but now of a
light brown colour, on which are sewn religious badges, all of the same
peculiar device. It consists of a full-blown pink rose, displayed
and slipped. The flower is bordered with silver, and its circular
centre is of silver and gold thread, in which the gothic monogram of the
virgin, JM ift, occurs. From this centre springs a second stalk ending
in a white flower seen in profile, the petals of which hang over the top
of the rose and, near the centre, are fringed with black, presenting a
sort of series of ermine spots. The centre itself is worked with tlj'c in
gold thread and is surmounted by rays. As the work seems older than
the introduction of the passion flower from America, the flower may be
presumed to be a lily.
The back of the chasuble is decorated with a large Latin cross of silk
and silver embroidery. It probably contains portions of two orfrays.
The centre limb contains single saints, under debased tabernacle work.
1. (St. James the less?) His right hand holds a short raguly staff, pro-
bably intended for a club. 2. A virgin. 3. St. Bartholomew with his
flaying knife. — In the arms of the cross are couples of saints, clumsily
drawn and worked, standing between twisted pillars, which have sup-
ported canopies now cut away. 1, 2. St. Matthias or St. Bartholomew
with a hatchet shaped knife, and St. James the Great (?) with a sceptre-
like top of a staff, of the same colour as the robe, and probably intended
to pass over it. 3,4. St. John t the Evangelist, young, goldenhaired,
and beardless, without emblem, but with the right hand uplifted as if
accompanying an address; and St. Peter, who holds his key. The
faces of the these four figures are left in the canvass, not worked with
silk as those in the long limb. They seem to have come from a dif-
ferent vestment. — The short front of the chasuble has only a centre
row of figures, similar to those in the centre row of the back. 1. A
virgin. 2. A virgin holding a book. 3. St. Andrew with his cross.
The maniple and stole have been remounted and bordered. They
only exhibit portions of the velvet and badges, with small crosses of
dark brown velvet stuck upon their ends.
Dr. Chaiiton has .also submitted to the Editor two other modern
chasubles, not requiring any notice of their principal textures, which
are quite recent, but containing crosses formed of old orfrays. In
one of them the workmanship much resembles that found in the
chasuble exhibited. In the upright limb of the cross are saints. One
bears the Agnus Dei (St. John Baptist) j another, young and yellow-
haired, carries a chalice in his right hand, and blesses with his left.
There is something like a black insect in the cup. If it were a
36 ECCLESIASTICAL VESTMENTS.
spider it is the emblem of St. Herbert, Bishop and Confessor ; but the
face reminds one of the representations of St. John Evangelist, who
carries a cup with a winged serpent issuing from it. Besides, the
attire is not that of a bishop, and the juxtaposition demands an apostle
or superior saint. Probably the indications now seen are the fastenings
of a serpent sewn on and now lost.
From the next saint, more elderly, the left hand and any emblem
has decayed. At the foot is St. Peter with his key. In the limbs of
this cross are two figures facing each other, and without nimbi. One in
a plain open-sided gown like a modern chasuble, lined with ermine, and
in a high mitre-like cap of ermine, is in a dictatorial self-satisfied
attitude. The other places his hand upon his breast submissively,
and wears a gown short in front, and a sort of short sleeve appears only
on the left arm. This last figure wears a hat, turned up in front. The
faces of all these figures are principally the linen foundation. The
Pharisee and the Publican of the parable appear to be the persons re-
presented.
In the orfrays hitherto noticed, the foundation is mostly covered
with silk stitches. Gold and silver threads are sparingly introduced,
except as the back-grounds on which the saints are placed. The archi-
tecture is clumsy. The next cross of orfrays is probably much earlier.
The foundation is of silk— now a pale pink — and on this the] designs,
cut out of other silk, are sewn. The outlines and fibres of the leaves
and stalks which run like a diaper over the back ground — are of gold
and silver tambour, and spangles are introduced to form quasi-flowers.
Gold and silver tambour is also extensively used in the nimbus and
other parts of each figure, and composes the black-letter inscriptions on
scrolls which surmount the figures in lieu of tabernacle work. Each
figure is on a kind of throne placed on a green turf sprinkled with
flowers. The legends are indifferently spelled and some of them are
much mutilated by the cutting up of the orfrays to fit them into their
present position. The three down the central limb read Ad dextram dei
pair — omnipotent! inde uen — turns est iu. uivos et — portions of the creed :
— • " Ascendit ad ccelos, sedet ad dexteram Dei Patris omnipotentis.
Inde venturus est judicare vivos et mortuos." At the foot of this limb
is a portion of a scroll, which contained the sentence relating to Pilate,
[su]i pon[tio~]. Of the scrolls around the figures in the arms of the
cross too little is seen to warrant an application of the remaining letters?
but their style is precisely the same as that of the others. The figures
are dressed in robes of blue, spangled with stars, and of course represent
Persons of the Trinity, but no nimbus contains any cross. The figure
LINHOPE CAMP. 37
under the second of the above scrolls is aged, and 'plainly is intended
for God the Father. His right hand is wanting, and his face is turned
to the dexter. The others all look to the sinister.
Since submitting the above vestments, Dr. Charlton has exhibited
another chasuble, the property of his brother, at Hesleyside. It is also
of the modern form, but is framed out of one probably more ancient
then any of those already described. Its designs are of gold thread
sewn upon crimson velvet — both very bright and beautiful — but, if they
have been cleaned and resewn, they must have been done so before the
cutting down into the present shape, as the mutilation of the pattern
by the last process is only too apparent. The principal design is the
Virgin and Child supported by angels, within a glory. Beneath this
is the lily of the Virgin in a pot. The field is strewn with devices of
very common occurrence on mediaeval vestments, and of the styles figured
by Mr. Hartshorne, in his papers on English Mediaeval Embroidery, in
the Archaeological Journal. They are four- winged cherubim on wheels,
double-headed eagles, and fleurs-de-lis, freely and beautifully conven-
tionalized. This precious relic formerly belonged to the family of
Hodgson of Tone Hall, near Bellingham. Two of the male members of
this house were out in the Eebellion of 1715, and two of the daughters
acted as aides-de-camp to the Earl of Derwentwater's force.
LINHOPE CAMP.
PROM MR. WM. COULSON TO ME. CLAYTON.
A WONDERFUL camp it is — surrounded with two walls, The outer
wall is about 10 feet thick, and the inner one about 5 feet. In the in-
terior of the camp are a great number of circular dwellings. These
dwellings have two entrances generally, one facing the east and the
other the west ; the entrance to the east being flagged for 6 or 8 feet
inwards, and the rest of the dwelling laid with large stones and covered
over with gravel or small stones. About the sides is a little elevation
as if for sitting or sleeping on. "What is very remarkable, we have not
been able to discover any traces of fire in any of these dwellings. "We
have opened four or five of them. There appears to be an arrangement
of dwellings on the east and north sides of the walls of a different shape.
In some of them we have discovered traces of fire — charred wood —
and in one of them some broken pottery of a very coarse kind. We
have found two querns of extremely rude make, but not perforated.
One of them is sandstone, and must have been brought from some dis-
38 THE HOSPITALS OF GREATHAM,
tance, as there is no sandstone near this place. We have four gateways,
but not opposite each other, and, curiously enough, guard-houses inside
of each gateway, the same as in Roman camps, hut of the most rude
kind. There are gateways both in the inner and outer circles, and
guard-houses to all of them. At about 200 yards to the east of the
above camp is another group of dwellings, and arranged in the same
manner : and, a little to the north-east, about 300 yards on the side of
a hill, is another stronghold with the dwellings arranged and defended
much in the same manner. There are, also, a great many inclosures, of
several acres, which no doubt have been for the keeping of cattle. In-
deed, for upwards of three quarters of a mile to the east, inclosures can
be traced out. We have opened two three small barrows, but found
nothing. — Linhope, July 1st., 1861. [The excavations are at the cost
of the Duke of Northumberland, and occupy the more immediate atten-
tion of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Field Club.]
THE HOSPITALS OE GREATHAM, GATESHEAD, AND
BARNARDCASTLE.
the curious collections relating to Sherburn Hospital which are
printed in the Allan Tracts, is a Royal Commission issued 13 Nov. 35
Eliz. (1593) to the Earl of Huntingdon, the Bishop of Durham, Tho-
mas Calverley, chancellor of Durham, the Dean of Durham, Sir "William
Hutton and John Selby, knights, Robert Taylboys, Henry Anderson,
the Archdeacon of Durham, the Chancellor to the Bishop, Clement Col-
mor and Thomas Burton, doctors of laws, John Clopton, Robert Bowes,
jun., and George Erivel, esquires ; three to be a quorum. The Queen
has heard that many colleges, hospitals, almshouses, and other rooms
and places in her realm, founded for the charitable relief of poor, aged,
and impotent people, are decayed and impoverished ; and that the pos-
sessions and revenues thereof, and other lands, money, and chattels
given for other like good and charitable uses, are unlawfully and un-
charitably converted to the private lucre of some few greedy persons.
She is moved with godly zeal to have all such poor, aged, and impotent
people, and especially soldiers and mariners who have been or may be
maimed in the wars for maintenance of true religion and defence of her
and their native countries, relieved and maintained. She has a princely
care that those colleges, hospitals, and almshouses, and those lands,
GATESHEAD, AND BARNAKD CASTLE. 39
moneys, and chattels shall be employed according to the meaning of the
givers, and all enormities reformed. She empowers the commissioners
to hold inquisition by verdict of twelve or more lawful men, and exam-
ine evidences and administer oaths to witnesses, and to certify into
Chancery. She commands her sheriff of the Bishoprick of Durham to
cause the appearance of honest freeholders of his bailiwick by whom the
truth may be known. But the commission is not to extend to any col-
leges, halls, or houses of learning within Cambridge or Oxford, concern-
ing their order or government, save as what lands or profits have been
given thereto for the maintenance or relief of almspeople or such poor
people, or amending of bridges or highways, or for exhibition or main-
tenance of poor scholars.
The following is a brief summary of the matters referred to in the ar-
ticles of enquiry, which are also printed : — 1. Nature of the foundation
generally. 2. Inmates. 3. Eevenues, their application. 4. Pa-
tronage and rules. 5. Names, ages, behaviour, and other allowances of
the inmates. 6. Grants by her Majesty of rooms in reversion. 7. Yi-
sitors and visitations. 8. Fees, pensions, and payments to officers other
than the poor. 9. Monies appointed by Henry YIIL, Edward YL,
Mary, or Elizabeth, upon the] endowment of any college or cathedral
church for alms, repairs of bridges or highways, or exhibitions for scho-
lars. 10. Other donations for the relief of poor people or other godly
and charitable uses in the Bishoprick. 11. Custody of the evidences.
12. All other matters concerning the premises.
Mr. Allan proceeds to print the inquisition dated 4 May,- 36 Eliz.
(1594), so far as relates to Sherburn, and he takes care to embrace some
curious matter touching the burdens on the Dean and Chapter for alms
and repairs of highways and bridges, Barnard Gilpin's charity at Hough-
ton, Squire's almshouse nigh the mote of Durham Castle, and the Spittle-
house on the common belonging to the borough of Eramwellgate.
"With this exception, no use, we believe, has been made by topo-
graphers of this important return. A signed and sealed duplicate of it,
by the courtesy of its possessor, John Bowes, Esq., has been made
available for examination. It consists of two membranes stitched
together and is written closely and minutely. The arrangement is
somewhat perplexing, the answers for all the hospitals being given
under each article, and consequently no continuous view is presented of
any foundation. In the extracts which follow, completing the good
work which the antiquary of Grange began, the evidence is marshalled
under each hospital, but no alterations are made in the spelling or the
language except that the Roman numerals are reduced to Arabic, the
40 THE HOSPITALS OF GREATHAM,
contractions expanded, and the technical and repeated statements that
( 'unto such an article the jurors say and find" omitted.
As (with the exception of the commencement and conclusion of the
record) the portions given by Allan are not reprinted, (the modernization
of the spelling in his copy being of small account at so late a period),
the only variations of importance must be noticed. For " Daytale
men," in Art. 3, as to Sherburn Hospital, read "Day talemen." (Qu.
if the word " taleman" ever occurs for hirings otherwise than by day.)
— In the Cathedral alms-money, under 1586, for " 8s. 6d." read " 13".
lld.;" under 1588, for "19s." read " 19d.; " under 1590, for "8s."
read "138.;" — In the accounts of money for highways and bridges,
for "Mawnton" read " Nawnton ; " under 1590, for "J" read "J;"
after 1592, add " Anno finito, 1593. Allowed to Mr. [Clement inter-
lined, Doctor erased~\ Colmor then threasorer, 201., 101. 12d. whereof
is nowe -paid to Doctor Hutton theisorer, to be bestowed the next sum-
mer."—In the note of highways and bridges to be repaired, for " West
Oxes Pasture" read ""Westo Oxes Pasture;" for "jjTeviH'fl Cross"
bis, read " Nevelle Crosse;" for "on this side Cotton" read "of this
side Cotome;" for "at the bankside towards (blank) Barns" read "of
the bancke side toward er barnes; " for " Hedworth Bridge "
read "Hedworth Bridges." — In Gilpin's charity, for "six years ago"
read "ix yeares ago." — In Squire's charity, for "Squire" read
"Esquier;" for "Howdcll" read "Yowdaile."— In the Spittle-house,
for "the Burrough of Eramwellgate " read "the Broughe of Durham,"
the words "of Durham" being interlined.
It does not necessarily follow that all these variations are more
correct in our Streatlam codex, but it must_ be remembered that it is a
duplicate original.
Inquisitio Indentata capta fait apud Dunelm. quarto die mensis Maii,
Anno Regni serenissima3 doming nostrae Elizabeths, Dei gratia Anglia?,
Fraunciae, et Hibernise, Regina3, fidei defensoris &c., tricesimo sexto :
coram nobis Tobia Matthewe sacra? theologize professore, Decano Dunelm.
Cathedralis Ecclesiea Christi et Beatse Maria? Yirginis, Thoma Calveiiey,
armigero, cancellario Dunelm., Clementi Colmor, legum doctor e, Rever-
end! in Christo patris Domini Matthei divina providentia Dunelm. Epis-
copi in spiritualibus cancellario, et Johanne Pilkington, sacrce theologies
baccalaureo, arcJiidiacono arcliidiaconatus Dunelm. [_et Roberto Boives,
armigero, erased], virtute commissionis dictce domina nostra Regina liisce
prescntilus annexce, per sacramenta duodecim proborum et Icgaliion Jiomi-
num lilerorum tenentium infra Episcopatum Dunelm.,1 videlicet, Henrici
Heighington, generosi, Eoberti Earrowe, generosi, Richardi Heighington,
generosi, Edwardi Hudspeth, yeoman, Anthonii Shawdforth, yeoman,
1 The words in Italics are omitted by Allan,
GATESHEAD, AND BARNARDCASTLE. 41
Thomas Wood, yeoman, Radulphi Maison, yeonian, Johannis Dobson,
3'eoman, Johannis Swalwell, yeoman, Thomae Peerson, yeoman, "Willelmi
Thomson, yeoman, et Johannis Butterie, yeoman. Q,ui juratores, (ut
prefertur), jurati de fideliter inquirendo omnia et singula totamque
materiam in quibusdam articulis commissioni predictae annexis contenta
et specificata, secundum tenorem et effectum eorundem articulorum et
sub modo et forma in eisdem descriptis, super sacramenta sua dicunt et
presentant articulatim protit scquitur.
1 . Upon the first article they say that they do finde that there are
scituate in the Bushoppricke and county of Durham fower hospitalles,
one comonly called and known by the name of Sheerburne House, ane
other by the name of Greatham Hospitall, ane other by the name of
Sanct Edmundes, nighe Gateshead, and the fourth by the name of St.
Johns Hospitall, in Barnardcastell.
Concerning GREATHAM HOSPITALL, they finde that the said hos-
pital! standeth in the Towne of Greatham, nighe unto the River of
Teese, within the County of Durham. And that the Maisters of the
same ought to be Maisters of Arte, clergie or laymen att the discretion
of the Bushoppe of the diocese of Durham for the time beinge. And
that the same hospitall was founded by Robert Stichehill, Bushoppe of
Durham, Anno Domini 1272,2 In honorem Dei, Beatae Marias, et Sancti
Cuthberti, by the name of the Maister and Breathren of the Hospitall
of Greatham, of which foundacion they do finde noe chaunge.
2. The Hospitall of Greatham was founded for men such as were
poore, impotente, and not able to releyve themselfes, and borne upon
the landes belonginge to the Bushoppe of Durham, and for releyving
of way fairinge men att the maisters discretion.
3. There belongeth to the same the Towneshippe of Greatham, the
tennantes wherof in tillage havinge leases (whereof the most parte are
pretended to be maide by Thomas Sparke,3 laite maister there, in the
tenth year of her Majesties reigne, for ninetie and nyne yeares,) to paie
yearly rentes, in all amountinge to 591. 9s. 2d. The cottaiges there
(wherof the most part is paide in worke in harvest tyme) do yearlie
paie the rente of 101. 16d. The tieth corne of Greatham rented at 13l.
by yeare, and the tieth corne of Claxton 31. by yeare, which is in lease.
The arable grounde of the demaine of the said Hospitall were heretofore
(as appeareth by ane accompte maid by the said Mr. Sparke) valewed
to 12d. the acre, amountinge in all to 161. 38., a third part wherof lieth
yearly lee, and the other husbanded with great charges. The medowe
groundes likwise was valewed to 4s. ech acre (wherof beinge in number
40 or therabout, the valewe extendeth to 81. yearlie. The pasture
groundes also (valued to 3s. 4d. ech acre) amountinge to 1 61. 5s. 4d. Upon
which demaine the Maister therof (as his predecessors Maisters therof
2 See the circumstances of this foundation, 3 Archaeologia JEliana, 8vo. series, 77,
and the works there referred to.
3 His initials still remain on the hospital buildings, in conjunction with the arms of
Bp. Tunstall.
42 THE HOSPITALS OF GREATHAM,
have heretofor done) kepeth the stocke belonginge to the said hospitall,
vidzt. 30 draught oxen, 15 milke kyne and a bull, 12 draught horses,
10 twinters, 6 calves, 10 score sheepe, wherof fowrscore lambes, 40
swine, besides 20 quarters of bigge, .... quarters of ^ heat, 8 quarters
of peese, corne sowen upon the grounde, with waine geare and housholde
stuffe, the valewe wherof the nowe Maister standeth bound in 3001. to
the Bushoppe of Durham and his successors to answere att the tyme of
his death, notwithstandinge all casualties, reparacions, and necessarie
expenses. All which the premisses ar to be imployed upon the Mais-
ter's hospitalitie and the daily releii^of the Brethren and other necessary
officers and laborers within the said hospitall, and stipendes and waiges
yearly dewe, vidzt. to 13° Breathren, besides diet and tier in the bro-
ther house, 141. 4s. To 4or expectinge Brethrens places havinge no diett,
4l. To a porter, besides diett, 28s. To a clerke of the chappell, besides
diett and liveries, 40s. To the bailif of the liberties, bysides diett and
liveries and a horse meat by patente, 40s. To the cooke, besides diett
and liveries, 40s. To ane under cooke, besides diett, 16s. To a butler,
besides diett and liveries, 30s. To a baker and a brewer, besides diett
and liveries, 53s. 4d. To a horse keper, besides diett and liveries, 40s.
To a landresse, besides diett, 40s. To 4° woman servauntes, besides
diett 3l. 10s. To a sheephirde, a nowtehirde, a slaughter man, and a
swinehirde, besides diett, 51. To 16 poor laboreinge men about hus-
bandrie, besides diett, 26l. besides many other necessarie laborers which
ar used daily. To a steawarde or overseer, besides diett and liveries,
40s. To two servinge men, besides diett and liveries, 41. To Mr. Tho-
mas Calverley, a lawier, for his councell, by patente, a horse grasse and
40s. To a minister, beinge vicar of the parish of Greatham, for sayeinge
service twise a day, besides diett, 408. Besides the day lie relief of poore
and wayfairinge men. The propertie, possession, and use of the pre-
misses as aforsaid ar now and by the space of three yeares last or
more have been in Henry Dethicke, Maister of Arte, Maister of the
said Hospitall, who duringe that tyme haith receyved and taken the
revenewes and profittes of the premisses and imployed them as afore-
said, as also by the space of seaven yeares next befor the said three
John Kingsmale, then Maister of the said hospitall, did. But they find
nothinge assigned or appoynted there for mendinge of bridges or high-
ways, or exhibicion to schollers, or any other uses then befor are ex-
pressed.
4. The Breathren of Greatham Hospitall ar admitted and placed by
the Maister and .Governour therof, and removed accordinge to ther
behaviers, and undergo such orders as by the said Maister shalbe sett
doune.
5. The names and aiges of the 13° Brethren, as they be comonly
called and taken, are as followe : — John Dickinson about 70 yeares of
aige, Robert Sanderson about 87 yeares of aige, Thomas Butterie
about 40 yeares, Robert Bellerby about 30, George Revely about 50,
Ralph Dawson about 50, Gerrerde Speed about 40, Thomas Swin-
banke about 80, Roland Lasingby about 60, John Worme, about 73,
Roland Richardson about 80, Edward White about 68°, and William
Foster about 68 yeares, all beinge poore, old, or lame, not havinge
GATESHEAD, AND BARNARDCASTLE. 43
any other allowance in any other colledge or house provided for the
poorc, and ar comonly resident unlesse upon great occasion att there
earnest they be absence by the Maister's licence, savinge that the said
Robert Bellerbie beinge a very lame man, by licence of the Maister
absented himself, in whose place one John Sparke a very poore man
haith. his relief, and fower expectinge places of Brethren, vidzt : — Robert
Blunt a blinde man, Robert Whit about 80 yeares of age, George Taylor
about 80 years, and John Hume about 70 yeares of aige, ar releyved
there, with which fower the said Maister thinketh himself overcharged ;
and tuchinge the behaviors of the said Brethren, George Revelyis vehe-
mently suspected of incontinencie with one Elizabeth Robson, Gerrard
Speed is founde by verdict of a jury to be a fighter, and Edwarde
White a most unquiett person, given to swearinge and extraordinary
drinkinge in ailehouses, havinge sufficient with the residewe in the said
hospitall, whose disorders the said Maister hopeth to reforme, and he
doth the residewe hereafter.
7. The said Bushoppe is visitor of Greatham Hospitall, and haith
visited the same by himself or his comissioners twice att the least with-
in theise ten yeares.
8. They do not finde that any fees, pencions, or payments have bene
given, paid, or allowed to any person, out of anie of the said hospitalles,
or the possessions, revenewe, and profittes therof (other then to the
poore therof) duringe ten yeares last, savinge only out of Greatham
Hospitall, wher such pencions and paymentes ar yearely paid to such
persons, and for such causes as are specified upon the .third article of
this inquisition
1 1 . The said Henry Dethicke, nowe Maister, haith the custody of all
such evidences as were left in the said hospitall att the death of Mr. John
Kingsmill lait Maister there, and it is supposed that the Maisteres here-
tofor of that hospitall have had the custodie of all evidences, charters,
and writinges therto belonginge.
Concerninge THE HOSPITALL OE SAKCTE EDMUND NIGHE
GATESHEADE, they finde that the same hospitall standeth att the
upper end of Gatesheade, [nigh Gateshed inserted^ in the countie of
Durham. And is comonly called and known by the name of the Hos-
pitall or Pree Chappell of Sanct Edmund, Kinge and Martir.4 The
Maisters and Governors therof are and have bene clergie men and
spirituall persons, and is said to have bene founded by one of the
Bushoppes of Durham : But in what tyme or by which of the said
Bushoppes, or by what name of fundacion or incorporacion, or whether
there haith bene any chainge frome the first fundacion they cannot
finde.5
4 This is the King James's Hospital of the present day, and distinct from the
Hospital of St. Edmund the Confessor, which was united with the Nunnery of New-
castle and fell with it. The first mention of it which has occurred to us is in Bp.
Kellaw's grant in 1315, of "the custody of the Hospital of St. Edmund, king and
martyr, in our vill of Gatesheued," then vacant, to Sir Hugh de Lokington, chaplain.
(Kellaw's Reg. 146.)
8 Bp. Hatfield, in 1373, granted several tenements in augmentation of the hospital.
(1 Hutch. 457, e Rot. B. Hatfield, Sch. 4. .NO. 10.)
44 THE HOSPITALS OF GREATHAM,
2. The poor of the Hospitall or Free Chappell of Sanct Edmundes,
nigh Gateshead, are and have bene indifferently of both kindes as men
and women.6 But whether sicke or wholl, lepers or way fairinge, so
they be poore, needie, and indigente, is note respected.
3. There belongeth to the same a demaine lyeinge att the said hos-
pitall,7 and a parcel! of grounde called Shotley Bridge,8 all which amount
to noe more then the vale we of 101. of auncient rente, wherof 13*. yearly
is assigned for the reliefe of everie poore Brother and Sister there, and
the residewe to the mainteynance of the said Maister and reparacions of
houses belonginge unto them. As for other rentes, revenewes, somes of
money, leases, goodes, and chattalles, ther is none, and therfor noe allow-
ance att all eyther for diett to the said Brethren and Sisters, or to the
said Maister, or for mendinge of bridges or highwaies, or for exhibi-
cions to schollars or the like. The revenewes and profittes wherof have
for theise ten yeareslast past, bene taken upp by Mr. Richard Hodgshon
and Mr. William Riddell of Newcastell upon Tyne, merchant, and
there assignes, by vertue of a lease to them made by John Wodfall,
clerke, lait Maister of the same Hospitall or Free Chappell, and the
Brethren and Sisters then of the same, who have imployed the same
quarterly (as haith bene accustomed) to the maynteynance and relief of
the said Maister and Brethren and Sisters. The staite, propertie, pos-
session, and occupation of which premises by vertewe of the aforsaid
lease, doth as yett remayne in the handes of the aforsaid Richard Hodg-
eon and William Riddell, or ther assignes.
4. The poore people of the Hospitall of St. Edmundes are and have
bene admitted and placed att the discretion of the Maister ther offor
the tyme beinge, and by them removed, corrected, and punished. But
whether they ought so to have bene, or by what rules and ordinances
they should be chosen, placed, and governed, by reason of the losse of
the evidences and writinges belonginge the same, they cannot finde.
5 There be three poore persons mainteyned and releyved in or about
the said Hospitall or Free Chappell of St. Edmundes, whose names and
aiges are as followinge, Johne Dunninge, about the age of 70 yeares,
Robert Pawlinge, about the aige of 76° yeares, and Allice Pickeringe,
about the aige of 56°, who are daylie and continually resident and
abideinge in and about the said hospitall, havinge no allowance nor
reversion of any allmes-rome in any other colledge, hospitall, or house
for the poore.
6 King James's charter describes it as having consisted " de uno magistro et tribus
fratribus." It was thenceforth to consist " de uno magistro et tribus viris pauperibus."
7 In Hatfleld's Survey both hospitals are mentioned, and the Gateshead possessions
of the one in question, then as now, seem to have comprised the Claxtons estate ad-
joining the hospital and the Friars Goose estate on the Tyne, or some interest therein.
''Magister Hospitalis S. Edmundi regis tenet unam placeam pro quodam chamino
habendo ab hospitali usque le Frergos, per parcum Domini ibidem, et reddit, &c. 4<#."
Bp. Nevil granted a licence to the Master to work coals in the hospital lands, and lead
them to the Tyne, over the Bishop's soil, paying to him and his successors 100s. per
ann. (Rot. Pat. A., 8 May, 4 Nevil.)
* " Et unum clausuram apud Shotle-brigge in predicto comitatu palatino Dunelm."
(King James's charter of refoundation.)
GATESHEAD, AND BARNAKDCASTLE. 45
7. The said Bushopps are and for a longe tyme have bene taken and
reputed to be visitors of the Hospitall of St. Edmundes, and have ac-
cordingly visited the same in the ordinarie visitacions, which is com-
monly ech third yeare.
11. John Wodfall, clerke, lait Maister of Sanct Edmnndes Hospitall
aforesaid,9 about seaven yeares ago was putt in truste with the kepinge
and custodie 'of the charters, deedes, evidences, and writinges, both of
the erection and fundacion of the landes, revenewes, and possessions of
the said hospitall or free chapell, who deceased about the} said tyme in
London or therabout (where he then had his abode), since which tyme
what became of the said charters, deedes, and evidences, cannot be
known.
Lastlie, concerninge ST JOHFS HOSPITALL IN" BARNARD-
CASTLE, they find that the same standeth in the Towne of Barnard-
castle and county of Durham And is called by the name of the
Hospitall of Sanct John Baptiste, and nowe is and by the space of
manie yeares hath bene of her Majesties and hir most noble projenitors
gift and donacion, as ap pendent to her highnes castel and manor of Bar-
nardcastle aforsaid. The Maister therof ought to be ane ecclesiastical!
person. And the same hospitall is supposed to have bene founded by
one of the Balolls,10 sometyme Lorde of Barnardcastle aforsaid.
2. There haith bene usuallie mainteyned in the said hospitall three
olde poor women only.
3. There is belonginge to the same one capitall mansion house and
divers other houses thereunto adjoyninge and belonginge, and thre
score ten acres or thereabout of arable lande, medowe, and garthes, with
16 pasture gaites, all which are scituate and lyeing within the towne
feildes and precinctes of Barnardcastell aforesaid, vale wed in her Ma-
jesties Court of First Fruites to 53". 4d. Also belonginge to the said
hospitall one tenemente lyeinge in Ovington, within the county of Korth-
umberlande, conteyninge by estimacion 21 acres of ground or therabout,
lait in the occupacion of "William Sucrties and Thomas Lumley, valewed
to 5s. by yeare ; one tenement lyeinge att the Hullerbuske, in the oc-
cupacion of John Hodgeson, valewed to 10s. : Item, ten acres of grounde
and 1 2 pasture gaites or therabout, lyeinge within the demaine groundes
of Selerby, in the occupation of Henry Brackenbury, valewed to 10s:
Item, 7 acres of ground or therabout, lyeinge nighe Barnardcastle in a
place called Seweinge Flattes, valewed to 3s. 4d. : Item, one house in
Barnardcastle towne which James Dente and Roger Dente do nowe in-
habitt, valewed to 3s. or theraboutes. Item, paieable yearely by her
Majesties auditor and receyver in theise partes to the said hospitall
fourth of the revenewes of the lait monasterie of Rivers, in Yorkshiere,
26s. 8d. Item, payable more by them yearly forth of their receiptes
which one George Hogge doth now discharge out of his office and haith
allowance therof, 4s. 4d. Item, belonginge to the said hospitall, as by
auncient deed doth appeare, all the tieth hay of Bywell, in Northum-
berlande, with the tieth of the milnes and fishinges of the same towne,
9 Clement Colmoi-e, one of the commissioners, -was master 4 June, 1587.
1(1 It is said to have been founded by the elder John Baliol in 1230, but the evi-
dence is imperfect. See 3 Hut. 273.
46 THE HOSPITALS OF GREATHAM,
whorof nothinge haith been receyved a longe tyme. The clenre vale we
of the said hospitall as it is in the Court of First Fruites, is 5l. 15s. 8d.
The revenewes and profittes of all which the premisses, or the most
part therof one John Thomson, nowe dwellinge in the said hospitall,
haith by the space of theise ten years last taken and receyved by auc-
thoritie and vertewe of a conveyance made to him, as he confesseth, by
one Edmunde Threasorer, alias Edmunde Sheites, nowe remayuinge att
or about London or her majesties courte, who after the death of one Sir
Richard Lee, clerke, lait Maister of the said hospitall, in or about the
fourth yeare of hir majesties reigne, procured patentes from hir majestic
of the maistershippe therof to himselfe duringe his life under the name
of Edmund Threasurer, clerke, which patentes withal his right to the
said hospitall the said Edmund within two years after his said graunte
did convey and sett over to the said Thomson for the somme of 401. to
him therfor paide, by vertue and colour of which sale and conveyance
the said Thomson haith spoiled and defaced the said hospitall and man-
sion house, entitleinge himselfe and his eldest sonne to the same under
a shewe and pretence of tenant right or custome of the country. t)uringe
which tyme the said Thomson understandinge of ane other maister ap-
poited by her majestic to the said hospitall, and doubting of his own
title as it seemed, did entertayne one Henry Maison, a solicitor in the
common lawe, to procure him some better assurance therof, which Mai-
son and one William Waller, in or about the moneth of December, in
the 33th year of her highnes reigne, have procured the said hospitall in
fee farme for 2" a yeare to themselfes and there heires by way of a pre-
tended concealmentc, under color wherof they and diverse others in there
names have entered into the said hospitall and members therof, and the
same, with all the profittes therof, have altered and converted and yett
still do to there owne private use, contrary to the good and charitable
ordinance and usaige of the said hospitall heretofore. Since which
tyme, vidzt. in or about the moneth of Februarie and March, 1592, the
said Maison and Waller, for there better and more firine assurance in
the premises, have procured a lease for three lives of the said hospitull
and all the members therof at the handes of one Charles Farraiule, who
had a lait patente of the maistershippe of the same, which patente, to-
gether with the evidences and recordes of the said hospitall, upon the
sealinge and deliverie of the aforesaide, were delivered over unto the
handes of the said Maison and Waller, wherin they ar yett icmayn-
inge as is supposed.
4. The poor women which have bene in the hospitall of St. John
Baptist aforesaid have bene chosen by the Maisters thereof, till the
death of Sir Richard Lee, lait Maister there, and since his death by
the aforenamed John Thompson, occupier of the said hospitall.
5. There ought to be three poore woman mayntayned in the said
hospitall. But they cannot finde anye such number there residmge
nowe.
6. They cannot finde anie grauntes maide anie persons
to have any rome in reversion of the prese. t possessors in anie of the
said hospitalles.
7. For the hospitall of St. John Baptist, they do not find that the
same haith bene visited of longe tyme.
GATESHEAD, AND BARNARDCASTLE. 47
11. They do fynde that the evidences and recordes therof were
delivered over, as is aforesaid, to William Waller and Henry Maison
aforesaide ; and further that the abovenamed John Thomson, as he
deposeth, delivered to one Richard Garnett, dwellinge beyonde London,
ane old evidence of that hospitall, which the said Thomson toke to be the
fundacion of the same hospitall, and that remaineth still with Garnett.
And further, tuchinge any matter conteyned in the said articles, or
any of them, the said jurors cannot finde. In cujus rei testimonium tarn
commissionarii antedicti, quam juratores supranominati huic inquisition!
sigilla sua apposuerunt. Dat. Dunelm. die et anno prius supra scriptis.11
TOBIE MATTHEW (Seal of aims : a lion rampant, quartering 3 chevrons,
a mullet of six points in the centre of the shield. The remaining seals
are indistinct or cut off). THOMAS CALV'LEY. CLEMENT COLMORE.
JHO' PILKI'GTON. HENRYE HEIGHINGTON. ROB'T FARROW. RYCHARD
HEIGHINGTON. THOMAS PEARSON. EDWARD HUDSPATTHE. JOHN SWALL-
WELL. THOMAS WOOD. Win. Thomson -f- his m'k. Jho' Buttery M
his m'k. Raph liaison's -]- m'k. JHON DOBSON. Anthony Shawd-
forthes -|- nrk.
Collacione fa eta fideli, concordat hsec inquisitio supra scripta cum
altera parte ejusdem indentata per commission arios in eadem nomin-
ates (ut haec est) subscripta et sigillata ac in Cancellario serenis-
simaB dominaD nostra3 Reginse unacum commissione et articulis
origin alibus ejusdem dominaB Reginae eidem annexis transmissa.
Ex. p. THO. KING, notar : publicum, scribam in executione
ejusdom commissionis per commissionarios eandem exequentes
assumptum.
MONTHLY MEETING, 7 AUGUST, 1861.
John Clayton, JKsq., V.P., in the Chair.
DONATIONS OF BOOKS. — From the Rev. H. M. Scarth, M.A. His Re-
marks on some Ancient Sculptured Stones still preserved in this island,
and others once known to exist, particularly those recorded to have
stood in the cemetery of the Abbey of Glastonbury, with a plate of the
fragments at Hackness. Taunton, 1861. — - From the Royal University of
Christiania. Solennia Academica Universitatis Liter aria3 Regiae Prederi-
cianaB ante L annos conditaB, die 1 1 Septembris, anni MDCCCLXI. Cele-
branda indicit Senatus Academicus Christianise, 1861. — From the
Canadian Institute. The Canadian Journal, N.S., 34. — From the Kil-
kenny Archaeological Society. Their Papers and Proceedings. No. 32.
NEW MEMBERS. — George Crawshay, Esq., Haughton Castle.
ENGLISH COIN. — Mr. Henry Barton exhibits one of Wolsey's York
groats, found by himself at Sowerby Parks, Thirsk, about 1841.
11 These signatures are somewhat incorrectly given by Allan's copy.
48 WEAVERS' TOWER.
LIBRARY CATALOGUE. — Resolved, at the instance of Mr. Appleton,
that the Printing Committee confer with Mr. Dodd, who kindly offers
his services in the preparation of the long- wanted catalogue of the
Society's library, and report on the subject generally.
DURHAM SEALS. — Mr. Longstaffe exhibits a sulphur cast of the mag-
nificent seal of the literary chancellor, Bishop Bury, probably the most
chaste and beautiful medieval seal in existence, obtained from Mr. H.
Laing, of Elder Street, Edinburgh, seal-modeller : also a number of
e1 -trotype impressions of Durham seals, from the extensive cabinet of
Mr. Trueman, of Durham They embrace all the earlier episcopal seals,
commencing with the curious saucer-shaped one of Bp. Carileph, and
the celebrated conventual seal, in which a Roman gem, engraved with
the head of Jupiter Tonans, serves for that of Saint Oswald.
GOLD ORNAMENT POUND IN NORTH TYNEDALE.
DR. CHARLTON has exhibited a sketch, drawn from recollection, of a
golden object found in the district of the North Tyne. By an unfor-
tunate neglect, he had remained uninformed of the discovery, until, after
a fortnight's exhibition for sale in the shop of Mr. Joel, silversmith,
Newcastle, this article of treasure trove had been consigned to the
melting-pot in July. Its weight was 1 7 pennyweights, and its form
that of a bow, with the points turned inwards, its centre being twisted.
THE WEAVERS' TOWER.
MR. FEXWICK has drawn the Society's attention to the possible destruc-
tion of this remaining portion of the fast-disappearing town- wall of
Newcastle. It is threatened by the erection of a police station. He
remembers the circuit of the whole wall, and how it was occupied by
the military during the last French war, the towers forming a sort of
guardhouses. MR. CLAYTON believes that the plans of the Corporation do
not involve the demolition of the Weavers' Tower. THE SOCIETY deems
it right, by a memorial in favour of the preservation of the tower, to
fortify the hands of gentlemen willing to maintain any interesting fea-
tures of Newcastle. By a singular barbarism, the Pink Tower was
levelled to make way for a part of the John Knox Chapel. It was a
characteristic and picturesque object, and would have formed a touch-
ing and suggestive feature had it been incorporated with the pacific
building to which it succumbed.
NOTES OF A TOUR IN SCOTLAND. 49
NOTES OF A TOUR IN SCOTLAND.
BY ROBERT WHITE.
UP Dee- side, a little west of Lumphanan station, and upwards of twenty
miles west of Aberdeen, I observed a moated mount formed for defence
against hostile neighbours. The top is flat, and may be about fifty
yards in diameter, widening down to the base, and the fosse round it,
about thirty yards wide, is filled with water. A low stone dyke runs
around the edge of the summit, but this is of modern erection, and no
traces of buildings are seen upon it. I also noticed a mount of similar
construction up the river Don, near the railway from Aberdeen to In-
verness.
The battle-field of Culloden is a lofty and wide-rounded moor, nearly
all now in a state of cultivation, about five miles north-east of Inverness.
It is nearly level on the top, ascending gently to the south-west, and
may extend about three-quarters of a mile. Standing upon it, we see
on the east a higher range of heathy hills, while, to the north, the eye
wanders over the broad expanse of the Moray Firth and the eastern
coast of Ross-shire. On the west, the Firth narrows towards Inverness,
branching up into Loch Beauly, among dark mountains, while Ben
"Wyvis soars above them at a distance of twenty miles. I was fortunate
in having the company of two young gentlemen, Mr. Kennedy and Mr.
Simpson, from Dundee, while examining the field ; and Mr. Monro, the
gamekeeper at Culloden House, very obligingly pointed out to us the
several places of interest. Prince Charles occupied the highest point of
the moor to the south-west, about half a mile or more from the Duke of
Cumberland, who mounted, it is said, a very large stone, two yards high,
and five in diameter, near to the public road ; and the battle was fought
on the space between them. An old cottage is still standing amid a
crop of oats, which was occupied by an aged lame man when the contest
commenced ; and a cannon ball having struck the pot on the fire in which
his food was cooking, he drew to his bed and lay there till the battle
was fought. At the edge of the enclosure, among the corn, Mr. Monro
showed us a well where a chief of the clan Macintosh was killed.
Being attacked by the English dragoons, he defended himself with his
dirk and claymore so bravely, that when his body was discovered, about
sixteen of his foes lay dead around him. Robert Chambers records the
circumstance with some variation, quoting from a note at page 200 of
VOL. VI. H
50 NOTES OF A TOUR IN SCOTLAND.
"Cromek's Bemains," and giving the name of the Highlander as Golice
Macbane, saying that he killed thirteen of the enemy. The public road
runs over a slight elevation on the west side of the field, consisting of
several acres that have hitherto escaped the levelling ploughshare. On
the edge of this ground, towards Inverness, a large quantity of stones
are collected, and a very rough foundation laid for a pyramid to com-
memorate the slain ; but not being put together in accordance with the
good taste prevalent in the nineteenth century, the erection, very pro-
perly, has been discontinued. Eastward again from this spot, on the
opposite side of the road, among the stunted heather, appear the
trenches, stretching due north and south, and graves all green with
grass where the brave Highlanders who fell there repose. On our
way to Inverness, we came to an old man, breaking stones, who had seen
several men that were present at the battle, but they disliked to hear it
mentioned.
On our course from Inverness, through the Caledonian Canal, we
passed on our right a ruined castle, which had belonged to the clan of
Macdonells. Still further on, we observed a small obelisk at a well on
the margin of the loch, which had been erected to preserve an incident
of the following tragedy : — The young chief of the Macdonells had been
murdered by a distant branch of the same family ; a vassal of the old
chieftain went to avenge the deed, and killed a father and his six sons.
Cutting off their heads, he conveyed the latter as a present to his lord ;
and, on passing this well, he washed the seven bloody trophies therein,
that by their cleanly appearance they might be more acceptable to the
receiver. Such was the outline of the tale as it was told me in sight of
the memorial.
On the eastern side of the bleak and rocky island of lona, whence we
see Staffa on the north, is a cultivated piece of land comprising about
twenty acres ; some cottages and dwelling houses are upon it. But the
principal objects of interest are an old monastery or nunnery, and
church, both unroofed, about three hundred yards from each other ; and
near to the church is an old burying ground, about fifty yards square,
with a chapel in it, of which the roof is also gone. In this place of the
dead are either seven or nine rows of graves, closely packed together,—
one containing the remains of above forty early kings of Scotland, four
Irish monarchs, and eight Norwegian princes. The gravestones here
are very numerous ; indeed, some of the rows are nearly covered with
them. But in the ruins of the monastery, and especially in the church,
and also in the chapel of the burying-ground, are a large number of
sculptured stones, all in a state of decay, but exhibiting much artistic
NOTES OF A TOUR IN SCOTLAND. 51
beauty. Not many are of freestone, the chief portion being of a slatey
character, partaking of the common rag stone, upon which workmen
sharpen their tools. Halfway between the monastery and church, close
by the footpath, is a tall ancient cross, and in the garth of the church is
another magnificent cross, covered to the top with old moss, and not less
than fourteen feet high, placed in a huge pedestal of red granite, the
corners of which are all rounded by the action of the sea air. Well
might Dr. Johnson be deeply impressed with the appearance of this
hallowed spot ! I had one regret on viewing it, which was, that in
Britain we have Antiquarian Societies all over the land, and an Archae-
ological Institute, and among these bodies no attempt has, to my know-
ledge, been made to throw a roof over some suitable portion of these
ruins, and gather the remaining monuments under it, that they may be
preserved to future times, telling those who come after us what was
done in lona during the early period of our church history.
The lighter departments of our literature have charms, however, for
us, equally powerful as carved stones. I landed at Greenock to see the
last resting place of "Highland Mary," the girl who caught attention,
and drew forth some beautiful strains from the great national poet of
Scotland. A large and very beautiful monument is placed at the head
of her grave. On journeying to Ayr and Alloway Kirk, I made free to
intrude upon the privacy of Misses Agnes and Isabella Begg, nieces of
Robert Burns. Two months ago, I exhibited in this room specimens of
the bard's handwriting, and drew thereby an inference respecting his per-
sonal appearance. Accordingly, it was with no small satisfaction that I
learned, from the lips of these amiable members of the Burns family, the
correctness of my supposition, for his eyes and hair were not black, but of
dark brown. I also visited the poet's daughter, Mrs. Thomson, at
Hope Cottage, near Glasgow, and thought I discovered, in her eyes and
brow, much of the intellectual expression we see in the portraits of her
father. Charles Dickens himself is not more remarkable for this pecu-
liarity of countenance.
When at Glasgow, I could not forbear going over to Stirling, and, in
company with my two young friends, Mr. Kennedy and Mr. Simpson,
for we still kept together, I walked once more over the ground at Ban-
nockburn. "We were again so fortunate as to meet Mr. Laird, game-
keeper on the estate, another frank and intelligent man, who pointed
out to us several localities connected with the history of the battle.
What I learned only tended to confirm my opinion of the great talents
Robert Bruce possessed as a consummate general. In case of defeat, he
had done all he could to preserve the remainder of his army ; but for-
52 ROMAN CARLISLE.
tune at last smiled upon him, and he became, through the means he
possessed, the instrument of saving his country from foreign dominion.
[Mr. White also described the stool or rather bench of repentance
preserved in the west church of Greenock. Dr. Bruce has seen the
rebuke administered in Glasgow. The punishment is permitted by law
in England, but its enforcement and its white sheet and other accom-
paniments are fading into tradition.]
ROMAN CARLISLE.
DR. BRTTCE has given some information and exhibited sketches obtained
from Mr. Henry T. "Wake, of Scotby, of some Roman remains discovered
in May last, on the site of Mr. Thomas Blair's house, near the " Journal"
office in English Street, Carlisle ; in rebuilding which office, it will be-
remembered, former discoveries took place. There are three inscribed
stones. One with a sunk square at the top, evidently for the reception
of statues of the goddess-mothers, the Pates, is inscribed in two lines :
MATRIB. PARC PRO SALVT — SAXCTIAE GE3IINAE.
Another, a votive altar, with the name IA^VAEIVS amongst other
lettering, is very mutilated. The third, though mutilated, has a perfect
inscription : — PARCTS — PROBO — DONATALIS — PATER, v. s. — L. ivr.
The coins found are corroded and unimportant ; one seems to be a
small brass of the Lower Empire. Among the fragments of Samian
ware is one stamped . . AEMELIANVS. Some large oak cisterns, puddled
with clay, brought from a distance, have also been found. The two
first were supposed to be coffins, but a third proved to be 6 feet square ;
Their boards were about 1J in. thick, and were fastened together with
wooden pegs.
In the same street some other relics of Rrman dominion had also been
found not long before. There was a little glass lachrymatory, entire,
and many fragments of Samian and other pottery ; among them the
following : — A mortarium with spout, a large piece, stamped in two
places with AVSTIMANV. A Samian mortarium, with a hole through it, and
a lion's mouth, through which the liquid ran. A piece of a vessel made
of a dark slate-coloured material, glazed, and very hard and thin,
slightly ornamented with diagonal dashes placed close together, and,
to Mr. "Wake's eye, of finer pottery than the best Samian ware that he
had seen.
HALTWHISTLE AND THE ROMAN WALL. 53
COUNTRY MEETING, 23 AUGUST, 1861.
HALTWHISTLE AND THE KOMAN WALL.
THE church of Haltwhistle forms the first object of curiosity.1 It is
described as being wholly Early English (modernisms excepted), with
three elegant lancets in the east end, and trefoiled sedilia. On the left
of the altar lies a recumbent figure, minus the legs, but still displaying
the well known corn-sheaves and fess of the Blenkinsops on his shield.
On the right is the remarkable tombstone figured, under the fourteenth
century, in Boutell's Christian Monuments. On the dexter of a flori-
ated cross is a sword with a shield bearing the arms of Blenkinsop, on
the sinister a pilgrim's staff and scrip, the latter charged with a single
corn-sheaf. Partly behind a pew on the left is another stone possessing
some interest, as marking by some uncouth rhymes (printed in Bell's
Ehymes of Northern Bards, 210) the resting place of Bishop Bidley's
brother, " the laird of Waltoun." The pews of the seventeenth century
have had their terminations sawn off, and the church generally has suf-
fered not a little.
There are at least two other attractions in Haltwhistle. One, the Castle-
hill, a natural mound of earth, with a wall on its southern side, but
furnished with a picturesque camp by throwing a barrier round the top
to the east, north, and west. The other, a fine peel-house, said to be
the manor-house, situate " on the north-eastern side of the village, on
the slope of the bank above the bum. On the south-west corner of
this building is a small projecting turret, with peep-holes ; a winding
stone stair leads up to the second floor, which consists of thin stone flags
laid upon massive wooden rafters,"
These are Mr. Robert White's words, and let him describe the beau-
tiful scenery awaiting the progress of his brethren along the Haltwhistle
Burn. "At a rapid turn, among rocks gleaming out amid the green
1 See Hodgson, part 2, vol. iii., 123, as to the remains of an earlier cemetery, where
it is supposed that a former church stood. " In all old authorities the name is com-
monly written Hautwysel, Hautwisel, or Hautwysill." The church is dedicated to
St. Aidan, the first bishop of Lindisfarne.
54 HALTWHISTLE AND THE ROMAN WALL.
trees which shadow them, may be seen the stream, coloured by the
moss whence it has come, and brawling over the stony channel till its
waves are whitened into foam. On the upper side of the bridge, look-
ing down, is another lovely prospect. The water glides onward till, at
a short distance, it washes the bottom of a grey rock, whose summit
reaches a bank, which is covered with heather, at this season in full
bloom and beauty."
Where this pretty rivulet crosses the Stanegate, a large temporary
encampment of the Romans is reached. Here they have had a quarry,
and Mr. Clayton tells the tourists that on a removal of earth some years
ago, from the upper part of the rock, he saw the inscription LEGW vi,
Tiictrix. He gave directions to have the inscription preserved, but the
next time he passed it was gone. Let antiquaries copy while they may.
Diverging from the burn, the Wall is reached at the Cawfields mile-
castle, which was excavated by Mr Clayton, its owner, more than ten
years ago, and ^revealed that these little forts had wide and massive
portals opening to the north as well as to the south. But massive as
the masonry is, some of the stones have recently been overturned, a fact
not surprising when we consider how merciless is the destruction in
later piles, and of holier associations, by Northumbrians, but not by
uneducated ones. To the present paragraph might well be appended
the words which closed the last.
The Wall is measured at Cawfields, and found to be in width 8 feet
9 inches. Proceeding westward, the north of the crags is taken, and
their massive grandeur much enjoyed. A nd now the burn is again
reached, cutting the Wall, and is not fordable. This is a misadventure
which none of the party, not even Mr. Clayton or Dr Bruce, have ex-
perienced before. So the bridge must again be reached, and the tra-
vellers return to the Wall on the western side of the stream. At
Haltwhistle Burn-head Mr. Campbell indicates, in the wall of an out-
house, a centurial stone, bearing two rude lines of inscription, seemingly
o LOGVS — SVAVI. A stone similarly inscribed is in Mr. Clayton's posses-
sion at Chesters. So a centurion, Logus Suavis, has commanded a troop
engaged on the building of the Wall, and his name is perpetuated in
the stones designating the commencement and termination of each por-
tion of the great undertaking.
-3Ssica, or Great Chesters, is reached. Mr. Lowes receives his visitors
with all hospitality, and shows two carved stones which have been dug
out of the station. He says that, some years ago, parties would come and
dig holes in the ancient works under the shade of night, and depart before
daylight. Here, too, Mr. White has something to say, but his reflections
HAL WHISTLE AND THE ROMAN WALL. 55
on the Roman sway bend to tho laws of rhyme and measure, and are ad-
dressed "To a Friend on visiting the Roman Wall." They will doubt-
less one day appear in a collection of his effusions. Meantime we must
again resort to his prose, more useful if not more elegant, and with him
" pass Cockmount, and ascend still higher on the north side of the "Wall,
till we see for several hundred yards the barrier, consisting of eight and
nine courses of stone, reaching above the head of Dr. Bruce when he
stands close to it. The loftiest point is the summit of Walton Crags,
about 860 feet above sea level, and from here the view around in every
direction is delightful. Solway Firth stretches up into the level land
to the west, like a waving stripe of silver. Wide moors extend far to
the north, making one sigh for the fair fields arid fertile plains of the
southern counties of England. Descending abruptly from this eleva-
tion, the excursionists approach Walton and its surrounding scenes,
'hallowed by the early footsteps of the martyr Ridley.' King Ar-
thur's Well, close to the ruined Wall, with some carved stories lying
about it, is visited. Passing over the ' bright blue limestone which
covers the whin rock,' some chive garlic, which grows wild here, is
pulled and tasted. Then Walton, with its old memories, is left behind,
and we press forward by a road that runs on the sunny side of the
' Nine Kicks of ThirlwalT to the station of Magna, or Carvoran." This
was visited by the Society two years ago, and need not be reverted to.
The tourists proceed to Gilsland, and dine there before their return to
Newcastle.
Mr. White observes that " those who wish to see the Roman Wall in
its best state of preservation cannot do better than go by rail to Green-
head, where they can examine the ruins of Thirlwall Castle, and the
station of Magna, pass over the Nine Nicks of Thirlwall, examine Wal-
ton, and ascend the crags above it to the north-east ; then descend to
Great Chesters, and see Cawfields Mile -castle. If tired here, they can
turn down to Haltwhistle ; but if they have nerve and strength left,
they can advance on to Borcovicus, seeing the Northumberland Lakes
as they proceed, where they will be much gratified, and then bending
southward to Bardon Mill, the train will take them up, and convey
them homeward on their way."
5C AN ANTIQUE MANTLEPIECE,
MONTHLY MEETING, 4 SEPTEMBER, 1861.
John Fenwiclc, Esq., V.P., in the Chair.
DONATIONS. — From Mr. C. Roach Smith. Reponse de M. Boucher de
Perthes aux Observations faites par M. E. Robert sur le Diluvium du
Departement de la Somme. — By Mr. Edward Thompson. A Prussian
coin of 1703, found by him on the Leazes. — By the Rev. James
Everett. A rubbing from the brasses on the gravestone of Sir John
Radcliffe in Crosthwaite church.
BUEMESE IDOL. — The Rev. E. Hussey Adamson sends for exhibition
an ancient figure of the Burmese Idol, Gaudama, brought home by his
brother, Captain Adamson, 37th Grenadiers, M. N. I., who was stationed
sometime at Tongoo, where it, with several others, was dug out of a
pagoda which was demolished in the construction of some new fortifi-
cations.
LIBBARY CATALOGUE. — Resolved, that a Catalogue of the Society's
books, prints, and drawings be forthwith prepared by Mr. Dodd, and be
printed to range with the Archasologia JEliana, extra copies being
printed off for sale.
AN ANTIQUE MANTELPIECE, AT WINTRINGHAM,
NEAR ST. NEOT'S.
BY THE REV. JAMES EVERETT.
AT Wintringham, near St. Neot's, in Huntingdonshire, is an old
house, with from five to six hundred acres of land attached to it. The
house has been considerably renewed at one end, and entirely so in the
front. One of the large projecting mantlepieces, curiously carved
with letters and figures, is still entire, of which I took a drawing in
July, 1845. Several of the old timbers, panellings, mouldings, &c , are
also to be seen, with the original staircase. In connexion with the lat-
ter, and forming part of it, is a curiously constructed place, which, un-
less pointed out, would escape the cursory notice of a stranger. It goes
by the name of " the Priest's Hole ; " and, according to tradition, was
the place in which the priest was wont to conceal himself in "troub-
lous times." It will admit of a person standing upright in it, with his
hands and arms pinioned by his side ; and there he might hear all that
might be said in the adjoining rooms, together with the feet of persons
passing to and fro, without suspicion.
AT WINTRINGHAM, NEAR ST. NEOT'S. 57
Tradition also states, that Elizabeth was here during the reign of
Mary. The building has all the appearance of having been a religious
house. The house, barn, stables, and garden, all surrounded by a moat,
still filled with water, occupy not less than an acre of ground. Found-
ations of other buildings, now covered with grass, are traceable on the
outside of the large moat, with a moat of their own, evidently connected
with the house, which tradition marks out as the site of the chapel.
The original dove-cote, nested from top to bottom on four sides, occupies
its ancient position ; and other out-buildings bear the marks of great age.
The earliest date on the old mantlepiece is 1567; the probability,
therefore, is that if any portion of the carvings are to be considered
commemorative of Elizabeth's visit or temporary residence, they must
have been executed after her ascension to the throne, whatever might
have been the period of her visit, the initials being inappropriate during
the reign of her sister Mary. The persecutions endured by Elizabeth,
her confinement at Woodstock, and removals from place to place, are
matters of history.
The letters "R.P." and "E.P." on the mantelpiece are, in all proba-
bility, the initials of the names of two of the family of the Paynes, male
and female, who formerly possessed the property. Sir Walter Mildmay
might be a successor of the Paynes, as they — in reading from left to
right — may be supposed to take precedence. The date below his
name, may denote either the date of the carving, or the period of his
entering upon the property.
The main features of the mantelpiece are two armorial panels. The
first presents the royal arms, France (the fleurs-de-lis arranged 1 and 2
instead of 2 and 1) and England quarterly. At the sides of the base
are the letters l * E. R." Above the shield is a sort of a cap of liberty upon
which is a small cross, and at the sides of this an inscription on a scroll
or curtain attacked by a serpent : — DNV . A . DNO — SPALM 112. Below the
shield is spies . MEA . IN . DEO . EST. To the right of the above is the other
coat : — Per fess nebulee, in chief some bird (a martlet or chough ?) in
base a greyhound's head couped. Above the shield : — SIB, . WALTER .
MILDMAY . A°. DNI. M.D.LX.VII. Below it I — VEKITAS . VINCIT . OMNTA.
The arms given to Sir Walter in Glover's ordinary are : — Per fess
nebulee, argent and sable, three greyhounds' heads counterchanged, col-
lared gules, studded gold. To the left of the royal arms are some other
panels. On two crown-like objects are the initials R.P. and E.P. Below
the former is NOSSE (nosce] TEIPSVM ; below the latter MEMENTO . MOEI .
Next to Mildmay 's coat is an ascending scroll inscribed TENET . COPVLA .
IEEVPTA . AMPLI (ample?} below which the date 1567 is repeated.
VOL. VI. K
58 ANCIENT CHIRURGERY.
From the new edition of the Monasticon, we find that the Prior of
St. Neot'sheld extensive possessions in Wintringham, and an inquisition
of his possessions taken 13 April, 44 Edw. III., heads them by mention-
ing that he "has at Monkesherdwyk and Wyntryngham, in the same
parish of St. Neots, a messuage called Monkesgraunge, which same
messuage is worth nothing yearly beyond reprises. The fruits and
herbage there are worth yearly 18d. The same prior holds there 720
acres of land, &c." In 1536, Henry VIII. granted to Sir Eichard
Williams, alias Cromwell, the site of the monastery and all his messu-
ages, lands, &c., called the demesne lands of the monastery in the towns,
fields, parishes or hamlets of Seynt Neds, Wynteringham, and Harde-
wyke. Sir Henry Cromwell, his eldest son and heir, "the Golden
knight" and the grandfather of the Protector, was highly esteemed by
Elizabeth, who slept at his seat of Hinchinbrook in 1564. And, in
1597, Francis Cromwell, Esq., of Hardwick, died seised of " the site of
the monastery of St. Neot's (called 'the Fermerie'), and 80 acres of
pasture at Great and Little Wintringham ('the Birches'), held of the
crown by military service."
AKCIENT CHIRTJBGEKY.
THE Society of Barber-Chirurgeons, with Chandlers, of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, have presented their startling collection of old and deadly surgi-
cal weapons wherewith the lieges were of old tormented, to our anti-
quarian museum. Among them are " cauters actual" to burn the ends
of the veins after amputation, a process much commended in cases of
putrefaction above " knitting " with the ligator by Dr. Peter Lowe in his
"Discourse of the whole art of Chyrurgerie," published in the early
part of the 1 7th century. The curious may refer to this book for repre-
sentations of the old instruments and all the horrors of their application.
Above the case in which the specimens are hung is a spirited carving of
the insignia of the fellowship.
AKMS. Quarterly : 1 and 4, Black, three silver fleams ; 2 and 3,
Silver, a red rose crowned and seeded in gold. Between the four quar-
ters, a red cross of St. George, charged with a golden lion passant
guardant.
CBEST. A gold opinicus with, wings indorsed.
MOTTO. De prescientia Dei.
SUPPOBTEBS. Two red panthers, spotted with black, gorged and
chained in gold.
DOCUMENTS TOUCHING STAINTON IN THE CRAGS. 59
Some differences will be found between these bearings and those of
the London Company. It would be very desirable if the local evidences
of the burghal heraldry were collected. Walker and Richardson, in
their compilation, professedly reduced the arms of the companies to the
descriptions in Edmondson's Heraldry, forgetting the honesty of local
distinctions, and the variations of the London coats at different periods.
Besides the instruments, the gift comprises a wooden case. The door
is painted with a grisly skeleton, and when opened discloses " An Ab-
stract of Orders to be kept and observed among the Fellowshipp of Bar-
ber Chirurgeons, "Wax and Tallow Chandlers, in Newcastle upon Tine."
Two columns respectively comprise those found " in the Book of Orders,"
and those " in the Ordinary."
DOCUMENTS TOUCHING STAINTON IN THE CBAGS.
EXTEACTED BY W. H. BllOCKETT FROM THE SlEEATLAM MuNTMENTS.
THE second of these is important in connection with the pedigree of
the Headlams given in 4 Surtees's Durham, 98, 99, and gives the
curious addition of Alanson to the grantor's name. The third is a
more satisfactory buttress than any of the somewhat similar documents
there quoted to the authenticity of the remarkable memorandum printed
in 3 Surtees's Durham, 266. The latter, bearing internal evidence of
a date after 1474, is only quoted from "Johnson's MSS.," and perpetu-
ates a " foul rebuke" administered by the bishop's justice itinerant, be-
fore 1457, in the session at Sadberge on the Hyll, to the parson of
Rombaldkirk, who had taken unlawful seisin of Stainton without let-
ters of attorney, and swore that the estate he took was lawful, in sup-
port of a feoffinent alleged to have been made by " Henry Hedlem,
and his atturney Jak Godwyn." We have not seen any charter of feoff-*
ment from Henry de Hedlam, but it probably occurs in the Streatlam
archives. Among them is a release, as if the feoffment was thought to
have been duly made. The seal is gone. The writing is peculiar, as
if the writer rested on the right hand part of the point, instead of the
left one as usual in mediaeval caligraphy. Perhaps it is the hand-
writing of Jack Godwin himself. An abstract of it forms our first
document. Eppilly succeeded Laton at Eomaldkirk in 1432,
I. A.D. 1415. — Pateat universis per presentes quod ego, Henricus de
Hedlam, remisi, relaxavi, et omnino, pro me et heredibus meis, quietum
clamavi Thomse Sourale de Castrobernardi et Johanni de Eppilby ju-
niori, capellanis, totum jus et clameum quso habeo, habui, seu quovis-
60 THE SAXON INSCRIPTION AT BECKERMONT.
modo habere potero, in omnibus terns et tenementis meis, redditibus et
serviciis, commoditatibus proficuis communis et juribus quibuscumque,
cum omnibus suis pertinenciis, qua3 habui in villa et territorio de Stayn-
ton in le Karres. Ita vero quod nee ego, &c. Et ego, &c. warantizabi-
mus, &c. In cujus, &c. Hiis testibus, Domino Johanne de Laton,
Rectore Ecclesia3 Sancti Rumaldi, Radulpho Cradock, Johanne Jamez,
Johanne Cok, Thoma de Nesham, cum aliis. Datum apud Lirtyngton,
die Lunaa proxima ante festum Sancti Gregorii papse, anno regis Henrici
quinti post conquestum Anglise tercio.
II. A.D. 1439. — Sciant presentes et futuri, quod ego Johannes Alanson
de Hedlam, dedi, concessi, et hac presenti carta mea confirmavi, Galfrido
de Hedlam filio meo et "Willelmo Belasys de Henknoll consanguineo meo
omnia terras, tenementa, redditus, et servicia mea, quee habeo in villa
et territorio de Hedlam, et in villis et territoriis de Ingilton et Stayn-
toninle Cragges. Habenda — predictis Galfrido et "Willelmo, heredibus
et assignatis eorum, imperpetuum, de capitalibus dominis feodorum
suorum, per servicia inde debita et de jure consueta. Et ego vero pre-
dictus Johannes et heredes mei omnia — warantizabimus. — Hiis testibus,
"Willelmo Pudsay, vicomite Dunelm., Henrico Alwent, Johanne Morton
de Morton, Johanne Bedale de Killerby, et multis aliis. Dat. apud
Hedlam, sexto die mensis Maii, anno regni regis Henrici sexti post con-
questum Anglise septimodecimo.
III. A.D, 1442.— Be it knawen to all maner of men that thir presentes
Beys or herys that I sir Robert Bower prest of Bernardcastell was confes-
seure to Jak Godwyn of the same towne knawleged to me on his dede
bed that he neuer deliuerd possession of none land that was Henry
Heidlames in Staynton in le Cragges and the forsaid Henry stode full
in possession the day of his dede. And for alsmekill as it is mcclfull
and nedfull euer ilk cristen man to here witnes to trewth, I the forsaid
sir Robert to this beforesaide put to my scale. "Witnes sir John Bower
prest Willyam Bellacyse and Henry Crostwayte. Made at Bernard-
castell the fourt day of may the yere of kyng Henry the sexte efter the
conquestum twenty.
THE SAXON INSCRIPTION AT BECKERMONT.
UNTIL the publication of Mr. Haigh's reading of the remaining words on
one of the two broken crosses in the churchyard of St. Bridget's, Beck-
ermont, Cumberland, the monastery of Paegnalaech, at which Tuda,
bishop of Lindisfarne, died in 664, was generally supposed to be identical
with the Pincanhalch where Archbishop Eanbald held a synod in 798,
and consequently^ with Eincalech, the modern Einchale,1
1 See the authorities in 3 Archaeologia JEliana, 4to series, 103, and Reginald's Life
of St. Godric, Surtees Society, 69, 70.
THE SAXON INSCRIPTION AT BECKERMONT. 61
Mr. Haigh, as will be remembered,2 read the inscription —
Hir tsegsed Here enclosed
Tuda soaear Tuda bishop,
Quselm-ter The plague destruction
foran fsels e- before, the reward
rxnauuang- of Paradise
as aeftser after.
Thus Beckermont was identified with Paegnalaech.
But, at the Carlisle Congress of 1859, Mr Maughan proposed the fol-
lowing version : —
Hir baekne Here beacons
tiida setah two set up
qehen Arlec queen Arlec
for sun Athfe for her son Athfeschar.
schar bid urra Fray for our
saula souls.
A discrepancy more ludicrous can hardly be conceived. Yet Mr. Haigh' s
drawing gives a perfect legend, and Mr. Maughan says that the inscrip-
tion is almost perfect, and the only doubtful part the t of setah, which
might be a d. He traces his queen's name in Arlecdon, a few miles
south-east of St. Bridget's.
The REV. FKED. ADDISOIST, of Cleator, in the immediate neighbour-
hood, has exhibited to our Society two very careful rubbings of the in-
scription, agreeing in all respects with each other, disagreeing materially
in the perfect sculptures from both of the above readings, and exhibiting
an amount of decay in the inscription, and consequent uncertainty of
any reading, which was not anticipated. His conclusion is, that the
reading has not yet been discovered.
Such a communication from a local observer unwedded to a theory
is deserving of every attention, and it will be well at present not to rely
upon the inscription as an evidence. The Editor has submitted the rub-
bings to Mr. Haigh, but he was unable, without having a cast, to explain
the apparent discrepancies between them and the squeezed paper he re-
ceived from Dr. Parkinson.
In the number of the strokes the rubbings much resemble the en-
graving in Lysons's volume devoted to Cumberland, though the curves
in that publication are far from being correct. The first line or two of
the inscription may be wanting, and the remainder begin in the middle
of a sentence. The differences between the more perfect parts, as
rubbed, and the former readings are obvious.
2 See 1 Arch. JEliana, 8vo, 149.
62 THE WINSTON CROSS.
The fourth of the letters in the first line appears to have been
properly read by Mr. Haigh as T. Judging from its shape there
and apparently at the end of line 3, there is no room for its arm
in the supposed word TTJDA. At the close of the same line there is a
stroke fewer than in Mr. Haigh' s drawing, and other material varia-
tions. The third line seems to end in ET. A careful investigation of
the stone by a competent authority may detect misconceptions of the
more perfect parts of these rubbings and supply omissions of worn de-
tail. A cast of the inscription was exhibited at the Carlisle Congress
by Mr. John Dixon, bookseller, Whitehaven.
MR. DIXON, since the foregoing remarks were written, has kindly for-
warded his cast, which amply bears out the accuracy of Mr. Addison's
rubbings.
THE WINSTON CROSS.
ON showing the Saxon fragment from "Winston (figured at p. 24) to Mr,
Haigh, he offered a much more probable explanation of one side than
that which suggested St. Lawrence. He thought that the harrow-
shaped object was the chair or seat on which a figure is seated, looking
to the dexter. Only the lower part of this figure, which is dressed in a
long robe, is visible. The figures in niches are placed in a relation of
adoration to him. There is a sitting figure on a chair of plainer form
on one of the Sandbach crosses in Cheshire. (See Lysons's Cheshire.)
DURHAM ABBEY YARD.
MR. TRTTEMAN has exhibited an electrotype facsimile of a curious object
discovered in an interment in the Cathedral burial ground, like a
small handle, or a loop to be fastened with a padlock. It bears the
French maxim : — peu£l
WARKWORTH CHANCEL.
THE REV. J. W. DUNN has exhibited a cast of a small incised inscription
on the interior jamb of the old priest's door in the chancel of Wark-
worth. By his directions it has been carefully preserved in the recent
repairs of the church. The letters seem to form Hewyh, or some such
word, in a mediaeval cursive hand. Does the surname ITeivison give
the key to its meaning ? The commencing letter is at first sight rather
like a b, but we believe it to be a capital H. — (See Lithogram, p. 4.)
WHICKHAM CHURCH. C3
WHICKHAM CHTJKCH.
BY W. HYLTON DYEK LONGSTAFFE, F.S.A.
" THE church of Whickham shows much antiquity in architecture,
and very little beauty." So Hutchinson wrote in 1787, and in his time
the whole nave was ill-lighted" but he probably used that expression in
a different sense to that in which we may now too truly employ it, for
he speaks, as if in distinction, of the chancel having been lately " repaired
and sashed" But however small may be the claims of the venerable
edifice to graceful symmetry, it forms by no means an unimportant link
in the valuable chain of evidences existing in this county for the archi-
tectural history of the twelfth century, so full of wonders. The an-
nouncement of a " restoration," taking the word in the technical or cant
meaning now applied to it, is sufficiently alarming when it refers to an
old church, as, in that case, it generally signifies a process by which
11 the ark that binds two ages, the ancient and the young," is stripped
of that wholesome office, and made to differ in no very perceptible de-
gree from the last bran-new chapel "in the Gothic style" — its artistic
tone and adjuncts vanished, and its interesting sculptures supplied by
copies and imaginary supplies of departed detail which may be right or
may be wrong, and which proceed from as much feeling as that which
would suggest the retracing of Shakspere's signatures.
But, grievous as have been the deeds of this sort in the county pala-
tine, it does not appear that any evil intentions exist at Whickham.
The walls and windows and northern arches have been so altered and
tampered with, that they have lost all their original character, and the
north part of the church generally is said to be unsafe. A more satis-
factory reason for its removal and reconstruction is to be found in the
inadequacy of decent accommodation for the worship of the village
population. The north wall (remodelled or rebuilt in the Perpendicular
period) is to be supplanted by an additional row of arches opening into a
second north aisle. Of the picturesque effect of this happy mode of en-
larging a church, a good notion may be obtained from the plan of the
beautiful Galilee at Durham. The windows in the other parts of the
building, which have either been stripped of their tracery, or given way
to the most barbarous substitutions, will be altered for the better, and,
64 WHICKHAM CHURCH,
if we understand the matter rightly, the only portion of the old fabric
to be left untouched will be the chancel arch, the arcade separating the
south aisle, and the modest tower.
These, however, are the only really valuable portions of the 'edifice.
The chancel arch, which is accompanied by a hagioscope or squint to
give a sight of the ceremonial in the chancel to the inmates of the north
aisle, is of the Norman period, with scolloped cushion capitals and a
sort of polypetalous flower filling each of their vacant spaces. The
Norman style is, at the best, more curious and quaint than elegant,
and therefore it would be useless and foolish to supply these certain
evidences by any valueless copies, For, albeit the originals display
deep cuttings in their centres, these very cuttings afford a suggestion of
the appearance presented by the church when a screen separated the
nave from the chancel. This screen was, we believe, taken away to
form a side board or for some such use. It seems to have been accom-
panied by the customary seats, for Hutchinson says that " the chancel
is divided from the nave by stalls."
The four arches of the south aisle are circular, without moulding,
save a slight chamfer on their edges. Each pillar is a simple cylinder,
with a square abacus, the abrupt effect of the corners of which is soft-
ened by four stiff and peculiarly moulded ornaments projecting from the
circular capital. One at least of the capitals has the nail-head ornament.
They are well worth the preservation with which they are to be hon-
oured, and are interesting relics of that age of transition between Nor-
man and Early English, in which "the jolly bishop," Pudsey, figured
so largely as a patron of the arts. The arches on the other side, which
are to come down, are similar, but the capitals are plainer and without
the corner ornaments. They have been much mutilated, and the re-
semblance of one of them to a plain classical capital may only be the
effect of tampering. The pillars show indications of rude marbled co-
louring ; and above all the arches in the church are strange additions of
sculptured or stucco casts of countrified cherubs' heads.
The tower seems to be rather more advanced in style. The form of
its belfrey windows is not common in the district. It consists of two
lights rising into square-headed trefoils.
The roof is covered with good lead, as it ought to be.
The first mention of "Whickham (spelled "Quicham" or Quykhara,")
is in Boldon Buke, 1183, but the place then had a full compliment of
villans, and the chancel arch at least is of older date. "We need not
therefore despair of the occurrence of early sculptured stones during the
demolition of the doomed portions of the structure.
WHICKHAM CHUECH. 65
Near the Gibside pew — an ugly pinfold at the east end of the south
aisle — is placed the classical tribute of Robert Surtees, James Raine,
and Chas. Geo. Young (famous names) to the memory of John Taylor,
born in this parish of honest parents, a skilful and elegant genealogist,
who had the misfortune in 1822 to die at Edinburgh, and be buried in
the churchyard of the West Kirk. No memorial to him there was per-
mitted, and any removal of his remains was also stoutly resisted. Sur-
tees wrote a verse or two on the occasion, printed among his poems
published by the Surtees Society.
A s Hutchinson truly observes, the west end of the church is " crowded
with galleries, thrown into four angles." In the centre of these erec-
tions are two boards, curiosities in their way, one informing us that the
gallery was erected in 1711 at the charges of the descendants of the old
villans, to wit " the coppiholders of this parish;" the other, that eleven
years afterwards, 1722, it was " beautified" by the churchwardens,
whose names of course are duly set forth. There are numerous funeral
hatchments witli the arms of Carr, Clavering, Blenkinsop, and other
local names. There is also a funeral hatchment for King George III.
These are attractive to the herald, give an agreeable ancestral air to the
building, bespeaking of the respectability of the parish, and contrast
favourably with the uninteresting blankness of newer erections. "We
hope that they may be retained in some nook of the renovated pile.
The font is ancient, but not deserving of any particular remark. The
pulpit-cloth and altar-cloth, though not very old, are sufficiently so to
excite observation. The pulpit cloth has the letters J. C. repeated in
cipher, the date 1720, and the inscription, "Ex dono Dna3 Jane Cla-
vering." The altar-cloth has the impaled arms and the crests of Bowes
and Blakiston, with the initials E. B., referring to Dame Elizabeth
Bowes, the heiress of Gibside, who died in 1736.
The monument of Dr. Thomlinson, who seems never to have been
weaiy of talking about his charities, is well known, and the other
monumental features of the place may be seen in the pages of Surtees.
He appears to have been amused with the slabs of the Hodgsons (stated
to have been Quakers), in which, like some others of early date in the
churchyard, the inscriptions run round the stones. These were, upon
a cursory view, reported as the monuments of two Knights Templars.
They are of the reign of Charles II., and placed at the west end of the
churchyard, and an additional inscription states that they were removed
out of a field at the west end of Whickham in 1784 by Mr. Eobert
Hodgson, a druggist of London, " as a memorial that his ancestors were
inhabitants of this parish and had lands of inheritance therein, as may
66 CAPTURE OF BISHOP BEAUMONT.
be seen by the division of lands made in the year 1691, under the name
of Luke Hodgson, M.D., grandfather of the said Robert Hodgson." A
singular mode of perpetuating a testimony of title.
The above notes, written during the last hours of the homely appear-
ance which the church has so long presented, or rather, perhaps, during
the first hours of its dismantling, may form a useful record at this time.
THE CAPTUKE OF BISHOP BEAUMONT IK 1317.
BY W. HYLTON DYER LONGSTAFFE, F.S.A.
SOME confusion having arisen as to the place of this event, which has
been located as far north as Hett, and as far south as Aycliffe, I have
been induced to examine the authorities, and I come to the conclusion
that ^Rushyford is entitled to the preference. The apparent discre-
pancies, curiously enough, arise out of contemporaneous evidences.
10 Sep. 1317. King Edward II., narrating, the outrage to the pope,
states that the bishop was proceeding to Durham for the purpose of
being consecrated on Sunday, the feast of S. Cuthbert, Sep. 4, and that
on Thursday, Sep. 1, the robbers, who attacked the travellers, came
about the first hour of the day, out of a CERTAIN WOOD, distant FROM
THE TOWN OF DERLINGTON, six OR SEVEN" MILES (leucas) : and that he,
the king, on hearing of the matter, had come to York, and would do
his best, &c. (Fcedera, nov. ed., ii., 341.)
1 1 Sep. The king, writing to the mayor and burgesses of Newcastle,
and commanding those who owed service to repair to York, places the
event in a certain place NEAR (juxta) TO HETT within the liberty of the
lishoprick of Durham. (Rotuli ScotiaB, i., 177.)
20 Sep. The king issues a proclamation for the satisfaction of the
realm, promising full punishment for the offence, which he places AT
ACHE within the liberty of the bishoprick of Durham. (Fcedera, nov.
ed., ii., 342.)
30 Sep. The king, providing for the safety of Yorkshire, speaks of
the assult as AT ACLE in going towards Durham. (Rotuli ScotiaB, i, 179.)
Graystanes, the local historian, writing not later than 1333, agrees
with the letter of Sep. 10, in dating the intended consecration on the
feast of S. Cuthbert in September, and the attack on the feast of S.
Giles, Sep. 1, and states that Gilbert de Midelton and his armed men
met the bishop elect AT THE RUSHY-FORD (Vadum Cirporum), BETWEEN
FERI AND WODOM. (Hist. Dunclm. Scriptores Tres, 100.)
CAPTURE OF BISHOP BEAUMONT. 67
A passage in Leland's Collectanea, in substance, coincides with the
last authority. The words are BETWEEN FEET AND WOTTOUN. (Ed.
priina, torn, i., pars, ii., pag. 335.)
Hollinshed places the event ON WINGLESEON MOOE.E, near unto Dar-
ing ton.
Stowe's account is not clear, "but the impression left upon the mind
that he considered the moor mentioned by his predecessor to be to the
south of Darlington may not be correct. He says that when THEY CAME
NEAR TTNTO THE TOWN OF DERLiNGTON, certain roller 8 1 breaking out of A.
VALLEY, Gilbert Middleton and Walter Selly leing their captains, sud-
denly set upon the family of the cardinals and of Lodoivike ON WIGELSE-
DEN MOORE.
The only modern author worth quoting on the subject is Robert
Surtees, who was of course, by reason of vicinity, familiar with every
foot of the ground. " At the Rushyfbrd, midway betwixt the small
villages of Woodham and Ferry hill, the road crosses a small and sullen
rivulet in a low and sequestered spot, well calculated for surprize and
the prevention of escape. — In Rymer's Foedera, the robbery is said to
have taken place at Ai'le, perhaps Acle, i.e. Aycliffe, three miles south
from Rushyford, where the passage over the Skern would be equally
convenient. The exploit might furnish no bad subject for a border
ballad, ' The Bishop's Raid.' "
Referring to Graystanes, or the summary of his account in Raine's
Auckland, for much curious sequel of the incident, I may assume as
bases : — 1. That the king was writing from hurried narratives, perhaps
of foreign or south-country retainers of the bishop, who had continued
their journey to Durham, and had passed by Darlington, Aycliife, and
Hett :—- 2. That Graystanes, a Durham man, writing when matters had
settled down, was more likely than the earlier narrators to be precise :
— 3. That, therefore, his account, if at all capable of reconciliation with
the former ones, should be accepted : — 4. That the Aile of Surtees, and
possibly of the old edition of Rymer, and the Ache of the new. edition,
are mistakes for the Acle of the Rotuli Scotiae, and, consequently, that
Aycliffe is meant ; the Isle, which has not unreasonably been suggested
to me as the place meant, lying east and not north of Woodham, and
not being likely to attract the notice of passing travellers on the great
north road : — 5. That Winglesdon or Wiglesden Moor is "Windleston
Moor, and that "Wodom or "Wottoun is Woodhain : — 6. That the medias-
val mile or leuca is one mile and a half of our computation. On this
head the evidence collected in Ducange's Dictionary and Kelhain's
work on Domesday Book appear to be decisive.
68 CAPTUEE OF BISHOP BEAUMONT.
Thus guided, we find that 6 leucce from Darlington would be 9 miles,
and 7 would be 10J. ISTow Rushyford is 9j, and the expression " 6 or
7" is most accurate. How faithfully it fulfils the conditions of the spot
is well brought out by Surtees.
Although it is a full mile further from Hett than from Aycliffe, yet
it is much nearer to it than to Darlington ; and a foreigner, baiting at
Hett, might not unnaturally trace the distance back from that place,
instead of forward from the good town, which, though forewarned, he
had foolishly left, and call Rushyford near to Hett rather than so many
miles distant from Darlington.
Again, the words, " at Acle" are not very preposterous; for the
parish of Aycliffe includes "Woodham, and exists up to, or nearly up to,
Rushyford. The village of AyclifFe was the largest place of any note
through which the travellers had passed.
The description " between Ferry (now known as Eerry Hill) and
"Woodham" is of course strictly correct.
As to the moor mentioned by Hollinshed and Stowe, Rushyford is in
the township of Windleston, and one of the chroniclers must have had
good local evidence before him.
It is submitted, therefore, that Rushyford, and no site nearer to Hett
or Aycliffe, is reajt{y the scene of action, and that Mr. Clephan may
safely lay " The Bishop's Raid " at that well-known spot, redolent of
many honest recollections of the glories of coaching days. He, the
said local poet, has truthfully remarked to me that our early reports of
events were comparatively unpublished, and, consequently, often remain
uncorrected, for wTe have not always a Graystanes.
It may be observed in conclusion, that the name of Rushyford occurs
in English before the period of the raid.
In the grant of the manor of Woodham (" Wodum"), by Prior Richard
[Hoton? 1289-1307] to Thomas de Whitworth, in the 13th century,
(3 Surtees, 418,) the boundaries commence ua forthe versus Acle-moie
quod ducit a Windleston usque Derlyngton per petras ex parte oriental!
via3," and proceed along the confines of "Windleston "usque rivulum
versus Chilton-more ex parte occidentali le Resliefforthe" and so round
by this rivulet, and the Skerae, and ZFo^omburn, back to the first
mentioned forth or road. It is curious to notice that in the words of
this charter which are printed in Italics, we have all the names, except
Hett, mentioned by the authorities in describing the scene of "The
Bishop's Raid."
CONTENTS OF PART XVIII.
PAGE
Routine Business of the Society and minor matters, passim.
Annual Report 2
Roman Horse-Shoe (with illustrations.} — MR. CLAYTON 3
Corrupt Orthography of Local Names.— MK. TURNER, DR.
BRUCE, AND MR. CARR. . .. 5,11
North American Antiquities.— MR. WHITE . . . . . . 6
Inscription on the Font at Bridekirk.— KEY. W. MONKHOUSE, 8
The Bridlington Slab.— MR. CAPE 11
MS. of Gower's Confessio Amantis.— DR. CHARLTON. .. 12
Andiron found near Kielder.— THE DUKE or NORTHUMBERLAND. U
Chichester Cathedral and Bp. NeviL— MR. THOMPSON .. u
StOUp from Ebb's Nook.— MR. HINDE 16
Bookbinding, Temp. Henry. VIII.— DR. HOWARD . . . 10
Old Recipes-— DR. CHARLTON ., .. « 17
Excavations at Corbridge.— DR. BRUCE ... ..' .. . is
On the Temperament and Appearance of Robert
Burns. — MR. WHITE 22
Winston (with illustrations.} — MR, LONGSTAPFE . . . . . . 24, 62
Contract for a Private Coach. — MR. JAMES CLEPHAN . . . . 20
Old Barber's Basin 28
Jedburgh Flags.— MR. WHITE 28
Jacobite Relics of 1715 and 1745.— DR. CHARLTON, . . . . 29
Ecclesiastical Vestments.— DR. CHARLTON . . . . . . 34
Linhope Camp.— MR, COULSON .. 37
The Hospitals of Greatham, Gateshead, and Barnard-
castle.— MR. BROCKETT 38
Gold Ornament found in North Tynedale.— DR. CHARLTON 48
The Weavers' Tower.— MR. FENWICK 48
Notes of a Tour in Scotland.— MR. WHITE 49
Roman Carlisle.— DR. BRUCE .. 52
Haltwhistle and the Roman Wall . . 53
Antique Mantlepiece, at Wintringham, near St. Neot's.
— THE REV. JAMES EVERETT . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Ancient Chirurgery .. 58
Documents touching Stainton in the Crags.— MR. BROCKETT 59
The Saxon Inscription at Beckermont.— THE REV. F. AD-
DISON . . . . . . . • • • • • - . . . . 60
Durham Abbey Yard.— MR. TRUEMAN. . . 02
Warkworth Chancel (with illustrations.)— REV. J. W. DUNN. . . 62
Whickham Church.— MR. LONGSTAFFE .. 63
1 he Capture of Bp. Beamount in 1317.— MR. LONGSTAFFE 66
gs* With this Part are enclosed the Title, Contents, and Index, to Tolurae V.
Monthly Meetings the first Wednesday in every month, at the Castle of Newcastle-
uji'Hi-Tyne. The chair will be taken at 7 o'clock.
Communications for the Archseologia JEliana may be addressed to the Editor, W. H. D.
LONGSTAFFE, ESQ., 3, Ravensworth Terrace, Grateshead.