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Sr 


ABCHJEOLOGIA 


OB, 


RELATING  TO  ANTIQUITY. 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE 

SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES  OF  NEWCASTLE-UPOtf-TYNE. 


18. 


1861. 


NEW     SERIE6. 


NE  WCASTLE-UPON-TYNE : 
WILLIAM    DODD.    No.    5,    BIGG    MARKET, 

lCD  BY  J.  Q.  FORSTER,  CLAYTON   STREET. 
1861. 


ARCILEOLOGIA  JBLIANA: 


OB, 


RELATING  TO   ANTIQUITY. 

PUBLISHED    BY   THE 

SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES  OF  NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. 

NEW    SERIES. 

VOLUME    VI. 


NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE : 
WILLIAM    DODD,    5,    BIGG    MARKET. 

PRINTED    BY   J.    G.    FOSSTER,    CLAYTON    STREET. 
1865. 


CONTENTS. 


FAQB 

ROUTINE  BUSINESS  OF  THE  SOCIETY  AND  MINOR  MATTERS,  passim. 

ROMAN  HORSB-SHOE  (with  illustrations.) — MR.  CLAYTOK         ....  3 

CORRUPT  ORTHOGRAPHY  OF  LOCAL  NAMES. — MR.TURNER,  DR.  BRUCE,  AND 

MR.  CARR        . 5,  11 

NORTH  AMERICAN  ANTIQUITIES. — MR.  WHITE 6 

INSCRIPTION  ON  THE  FONT  AT  BRIDEKIRK.— REV.  W.  MONKHOUSB  .         8,  107 

THE  BRIDLINOTON  SLAB. — MR.  CAPE 11 

MS.  OF  GOWER'S  CONFESSIO  AMANTIS. — DR.  CHARLTON 12 

ANDIRON  FOUND  NEAR  KIELDER. — THH  DUKE  OF  NORTHUMBERLAND        .        .  14 

CHICHESTER  CATHEDRAL  AND  BP.  NEVIL.— MR.  THOMPSON     ....  14 

STOUP  FROM  EBB'S  NOOK.. — MR.  HINDE '  .        .16 

BOOKBINDING,  TEMP.  HENRY  VIII. — DR.  HOWARD 16 

OLD  RECIPES. — DR.  CHARLTON 17 

EXCAVATIONS  AT  CORBRIDGE. — DR.  BRUCE 18 

ON  THE  TEMPERAMENT  AND  APPEARANCE  OF  ROBERT  BURNS.— Ma.  WHITE      .  22 

WINSTON  (with  illustrations.) 24,  62 

CONTRACT  FOR  A  PRIVATE  COACH. — MR.  JAMES  CLEPHAK          ....  26 

OLD  BARBER'S  BASIN 28 

JEDBURGH  FLAGS. — MR.  WHITE .        .28 

JACOBITE  RELICS  OF  1715  AND  1745 — DR.  CHARLTON 29 

^ECCLESIASTICAL  VESTMENTS. — DR.  CHARLTON 34 

LINHOPE  CAMP. — MR.  COULSON 37 

THE  HOSPITALS  OF  GREATHAM,  GATESHEAD,  AND  BARNARDCASTLE. — MR. 

BROCKETT 38 

GOLD  ORNAMENT  FOUND  IN  NORTH  TYNEDALE. — DR.  CHARLTON       ...  48 

THE  WEAVERS'  TOWER.— MR.  FENWICK 48 

NOTES  OF  A  TOUR  IN  SCOTLAND. — MR.  WHITE 49 

ROMAN  CARLISLE.— DR.  BRUCE 62 

HALTWHISTLE  AND  THE  ROMAN  WALL 63 

ANTIQUE  MANTLEPIECE,  AT  WINTRINGHAM,  NEAR  ST.  NEOT'S.—- THE  REV. 

JAMES  EVERETT 66 

ANCIENT  CHIRURGERY 68 

DOCUMENTS  TOUCHING  STAINTON  IN  THE  CRAGS. — MR,  BROCKETT      ...  69 

THE  SAXON  INSCRIPTION  AT  BECKERMONT.— THE  REV.  F.  ADDISON           .        .  60 

THE  BECKERMONT  INSCRIPTION  (with  sketches.) — PROFESSOR  STEPHENS    .        .  191 

DURHAM  ABBET  YARD.— MR.  TRUEMAN 62 

VOL,  vi.  A 


iV.  CONTENTS. 

PAGB 

WARKWORTH  CHANCEL  (with  illustrations.)— REV.  J.  W.  DUNN      ...       62 

WHICKHAM  CHURCH 63 

THE  CAPTURE  OF  BP.  BEAUMONT  IN  1317 66 

A  LIST  OF  SCOTTISH  NOBLEMEN  AND  GENTLEMEN   WHO  WERE  KILLED  AT 

FLODDEN  FIELD. — MR.  WHITE 69 

THE  ROMAN  BRIDGE  OF  CILURNUM  (with  plan  and  view.) — MR.  CLAYTON         .       80 

EOMAN  AND  ETRUSCAN  ITALY. — DR.  BRUCE 86,  90 

HIGHAM  DYKES  AND  HERPATH. — SIR  W.  C.  TREVELYAN,  BT.          .         .          88,  89 
SILVER  RELICS  COLLECTED  BY  MR.  GARNETT    .......       97 

SHERIFFS  OF  NORTHUMBERLAND. — MR.  HINDE          ......       98 

INVENTORY  OF  THE  GOODS  OF  WILLIAM  MORE,  ESQ. — SIR  W.  C.  TREVELYAN,  BT.  104 
REVERSE  OF  THE  SEAL  OF  DUNFERMLIN  ABBEY — DR.  CHARLTON  .  .  .106 
SOME  NOTICE  OF  THE  CORBIDGE  LANX. — RT-  HON-  LORD  RAVENSWORTH  .  .109 
ROMAN  FIGURE  FROM  CARLISLE. — DR.  BRUCE  •  .  .  .  ,  .  .115 
SCARCITY  OF  COFFEE  IN  NORTHUMBERLAND. — MR.  SWAIN  .  .  •  .116 
PRUDHOB  CASTLB  .  .  .  •  .  .  .  •  .  .  .  .116 

OVIKGHAM 122 

SHACKLES  FROM  GATBSHEAD  .  .  .  •  .  .  .  .  .  -126 
NEW  PERCY  SEAL  ....-••....  125,164 
THE  SOUTH  POSTERN  OF  THE  CASTLE  .  .  .  .  .  -  .  .126 
THE  ORKNEY  RVNES  (with  illustrations.) — DR.  CHARLTOW  •  -  •  127,  184 
SALVAGE  FROM  THE  MELTING-POT — REV.  JAMES  EVERETT  .  .  .  .147 

SOUTH  TRANSEPT  OF  ST.  JOHN'S  CHURCH. — MR.  SPOOR 148 

EARLY  REMAINS  AT  BIRTLEY,  NEAR  HEXHAM. — REV.  GEO.  ROME  HALL    .        .     148 
ANCIENT  BREVIARY — DR.  CHARLTON       .        .        .        .        .        .        .        .149 

BELLINGHAM  DEEDS — MR.  EDW.  MILBURN     .        .        .        .  .        .151 

ALTARS  TO  ANTENOCITICUS  DISCOVERED  AT  CONDERCTTM.— DR.  BRUCE        .     153,  161 

THE  BENWELL  ALTARS. — MR.  CLAYTON. 197 

THE  LESLEY  LETTER — MR.  CLEPHAN  •  •  •  .  .  .  .  .  156 
PRINGLE  THE  EJECTED  MINISTER. — MR.  FRANCE  >  •  .  .  •  .  162 

THE  NAG'S  HEAD  INN,  NEWCASTLE  . .    163 

ADDITIONAL  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE  NAG'S  HEAD  INK. — MR.  CLEPHAN  .  -165 
BRITISH  REMAINS  FROM  ALLENDALE  AND  WEARDALE  •  .  .  •  -168 
THE  BENWELL  DISCOVERIES. — MR.  RENDAL  •  •  •  •  •  .  .169 

THE  OGLE  SHRINE    .,._*• 174 

NOTES  ON  THE  REV.  JOHN  HORSLEY.— MR.  HINDU  ••..••  174 
ROMAN  DOVER  AND  WALKER  •  •  •  •  .  •  .  .  .  .  183,  184 

HOUGHTON-LE-SPRING  CHURCH 186 

CHESTER-LK-STREET  CHURCH -188 

THE  ARMS  OF  WYCLIFFE 192 

RUNIC  LEGENDS  FROM  COQUET  ISLAND  AND  MONKWEARMOUTH  .        .        .     195, 196 

THE  MATFEN  UMBO 196 

ROMAN  COINS  FROM  CRACKENTHORPE  AND  BORCOVICUS. — MR.  CLAYTON  .  196,  200 
ROMAN  CARICATURE  OF  CHRISTIANITY  (with  facsimile.) — DR.  CHARLTON  .  .  198 

THE  WORKS  OF  PRIOR  CASTELL 201 

LACUSTRINE  SETTLEMENTS  IN  SCOTLAND  (with  illuatrations.)— LORD  Lo- 

VAIKE 206 

CHANTRY  AT  MITFORD 212 

BRANCEPETH  CHURCH  .    213 


CONTENTS.  V. 

PAGE 

THE  MINSTRELS'  GALLERY,  EABT  CASTLE  (with  illustrations.) — MB.  AUSTIN      ,  214 

WARKWORTH  AND  ALNWICK 217 

JOIE  SANS  FIN 220 

MURAL  NOTES. — DR.  BRUCE 220 

FIBULAE  FROM  BORCOVICUS. — MR.  CLAYTON 225 

EARLY  PRINTING  IN  NEWCASTLE. — MR.  HINDE ,  228 

ABSTRACT  OF  WILL  OF  CHRISTOPHER  MILBOURNE. — DR.  CHABLTON  .        .        .  232 

COINS  OF  AELFRED  AND  BURGRED  FOUND  AT  GAINFORD 233 

THE  EARLIEST  COINS  OF  DURHAM 234 

NOTICE  OF  A  FIND  OF  COINS  AT  THE  SHAW  Moss,  NEAR  HESLEYSIDE         .       .  238 


ARCH^EOLOGIA  ^ELIANA. 


ANNUAL  MEETING  OF  THE  SOCIETY, 
4  FEBRUARY,  1861. 

Jo  Jin  Hodgson  Hinde,  Esq.,  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

OFFICERS  AND  COTJNCIL. — Patron  :  His  Grace  the  Duke  of  North- 
umberland, K.G. — President:  The  Right  Hon.  Lord  Eavensworth. — 
Vice-Presidents :  Sir  Charles  M.  L.  Monck,  Bart.,  Sir  Walter  Calverley 
Trevelyan,  Bart.,  John  Hodgson  Hinde,  Esq.,  and  John  Clayton,  Esq. 
—Treasurer :  Matthew  Wheatley,  Esq. — Secretaries :  Edward  Charlton, 
Esq.,  M.D  ,  and  the  Eev.  John  Collingwood  Bruce,  LL.D. —  Council : 
The  Rev.  Edward  Hussey  Adamson,  the  Rev.  James  Raine,  and  Messrs. 
Robert  Richardson  Dees,  William  Dickson,  John  Dobson,  Martin  Dunn, 
John  Fenwick,  William  Kell,  William  Hylton  Dyer  Longstaffe  (Editor), 
Edward  Spoor,  Robert  White,  and  William  Woodman. — Publisher :  Mr. 
William  Dodd. — Auditors :  Messrs.  R.  R.  Dees,  and  Robert  White. 

NEW  MEMBERS. — Mr.  John  James  Lundy,  F.G.S.,  Primrose  Hill, 
Leith ;  Mr.  D.  H.  Goddard,  Bank  of  England,  Newcastle. 

DONATIONS  OF  BOOKS. — From  Messrs.  Sothely  and  Wilkinson.  Cata- 
logue of  Reprints  and  Facsimiles,  illustrative  of  Early  English  and 
Shaksperian  Literature,  for  Sale. — From  Mr.  John  Evans,  F.S.A.  His 
paper  on  Flint  Implements  of  the  Drift. 

INDEX. — Resolved,  that  in  future  the  Annual  Index  shall  be  enclosed 
loosely  as  part  of  the  number  of  the  Archasologia  JEliana  following  the 
completion  of  each  volume. 

ANNUAL  MEETINGS. — Resolved,  that  the  Annual  Meeting  in  future 
be  in  January — the  day  to  be  afterwards  fixed — in  order  to  afford  to 
those  gentlemen  who  are  compelled  to  be  in  Parliament  in  February, 
an  opportunity  of  attending. 

ORIENTAL  SEAL, — The  Rev.  E.  H.  Adamson  exhibited  a  curious 
oriental  seal,  the  matrix  and  impression  being  both  in  earthenware, 
closed  up,  and  presenting  a  filbert-like  form.  It  had  been  found  at 
Benares,  and  he  had  been  informed  that  upon  fracture  he  would  find 
the  seal,  which  proved  to  be  the  case. 

NEW  SERIES— VOL.  VI.  B 


ANNUAL   REPORT. 


ANNUAL  REPORT. 

IN  presenting  the  Forty-eighth  Annual  Report,  the  Council  has  to 
congratulate  the  Society  on  its  effective  state.  The  activity  of  former 
years  has  shown  itself  during  the  past  twelve  months  with  undiminished 
vigour ;  the  Monthly  Meetings  have  been  well  attended,  and  the  objects 
of  antiquity  exhibited  and  discussed  have  been  of  great  interest ;  while 
several  valuable  donations  have  been  made  to  the  library  and  to  the 
museum.  Besides  the  books  contributed  by  members,  among  which  we 
may  name  some  valuable  works  presented  by  Sir  \Y.  C.  Trevelyan, 
Bart.,  of  Wallington,  the  Society  has  received  some  valuable  gifts  of 
books  from  foreign  countries,  and  especially  from  Norway  and  Denmark. 
It  is  pleasing  to  find  that  the  labours  of  the  antiquaries  of  the  North  of 
England  are  thus  recognised  in  far  distant  lands,  and  that  one  of  the 
papers  published  in  the  Society's  transactions  has  been  translated  into 
Danish,  and  published  in  the  journals  of  the  North  of  Europe.  It  has 
been  too  generally  supposed  that  this  Society  devotes  its  attention 
exclusively  to  Roman  antiquities ;  but  while  it  recognises  to  the  fullest 
extent  the  valuable  remains  of  that  great  people,  which  are  so  abundant 
in  this  locality,  it  can  confidently  point  to  its  published  Transactions  in 
proof  that  Mediaeval  archaeology  is  not  forgotten.  In  truth,  so  far  from 
being  slighted  or  despised,  by  far  the  greater  part  of  the  Transactions  is 
occupied  by  Medieval  antiquities,  and  this  especially  will  be  seen  to  be 
the  case  in  the  volume  just  completed  for  the  present  year.  The 
Council  feels  that  while  each  archaeologist  labours  hard  in  his  own 
particular  department,  others  of  the  members  are  so  imbued  with  the 
true  antiquarian  spirit,  that  they  will  readily  appreciate  and  honour 
the  researches  of  those  who  work  in  other  parts  of  the  vast  field  of 
antiquity.  Although  the  Society  has  not  this  year  been  favoured  with 
any  elaborate  papers  on  Roman  antiquities,  yet  the  researches  and 
examinations  now  being  carried  on  at  the  Roman  Bridge  at  Chesters,  by 
one  of  the  Vice-presidents,  Mr.  Clayton,  have  led  to  most  interesting 
results,  many  of  which  are  as  yet  not  made  known,  but  the  Council 
feels  that  those  of  the  members  who  had  the  opportunity,  in  August 
last,  of  examining  these  remains,  will  be  fully  convinced  of  their  im- 
portance, and  of  the  interest  that  the  account  of  them,  when  completed, 
will  excite  among  archaeologists.  Some  further  steps  have  been  taken 
by  the  Council  towards  providing  ground  for  the  proposed  museum,  and 
it  is  hoped  that  ere  an  another  year  has  elapsed  this  most  desirable 
object  will  be  accomplished.  During  the  past  twelve  months  the 


ROMAN  HORSE-SHOE.  3 

Society  has  received  an  accession  of  fifteen  new  members,  while  very 
few  have  retired  or  been  removed  by  death.  The  Society,  however,  has 
sustained  a  serious  loss  in  the  decease  of  its  venerated  President,  Sir 
John  Edward  Swinburne,  Bart.,  one  of  its  original  members  and  most 
liberal  patrons.  It  was  by  Sir  John  Swinburne's  influence  and  aid 
that  the  noble  work  of  the  Rev.  John  Hodgson,  the  History  of  North- 
umberland, was  given  to  the  world  ;  and  though  of  late  years,  from  his 
great  age,  he  was  unable  to  attend  in  person  the  meetings  of  the  Society, 
he  continued  to  the  period  of  his  decease  to  take  the  liveliest  interest 
in  its  progress.  The  Society  has  this  year  elected  but  one  honorary 
member,  Signer  Montiroli,  of  Rome,  the  distinguished  successor  of  the 
Comrnendatore  Cavina  in  the  superintendence  of  the  vast  works  still  in 
progress  at  Alnwick  Castle. 


ROMAN  HORSE-SHOE. 

ME.  CLAYTOX  has  presented,  as  from  Mr.  Challoner,  an  iron  horse- shoe, 
found  at  Condercum.  It  is,  he  believes,  the  first  object  of  the  kind 
which  has  been  found  here. 

The  points  of  the  shoe  are  brought  into  very  neighbourly  contact. 
ME.  TTJENEE  thinks  that  it  would  allow  of  expansion  of  the  horse's  hoof; 
ME.  GEEGSOX,  the  very  reverse.  One  deems  it  superior  to  modern  shoes ; 
the  other,  a  very  bad  shoe  indeed. 

[The  shoe  has  been  submitted  to  a  practical  smith,  who  pronounces 
it  to  be  a  good  one,  having  a  concavity  to  receive  and  relieve  the  foot. 
The  points  are  turned  the  reverse  way  to  those  now  used. 

ME.  CLAYTON  observes  that  Mr.  Way1  speaks  of  "  the  sculpture  of  the 
triumphal  car  found  at  Vaisons,  near  Avignon,  and  now  in  the  museum 
at  the  latter  place,  which  supplies  undeniable  proof  in  regard  to  the 
disputed  question  concerning  the  use  of  horse- shoes  by  the  Romans, 
attached  by  nails  as  in  modern  times.  In  this  curious  sculpture  the 
hoof  of  one  of  the  horses  drawing  a  biga  shows  the  extremities  of  four 
of  the  nails  passing  through  the  hoof,  and  the  shoe  is  distinctly  seen, 
precisely  resembling  that  of  modern  times."  ME.  ADAMSOK  produces 
the  papers  by  Mr.  Rogers  and  Mr.  Pegge.2  In  these  the  classical  evi- 
dences on  the  subject  are  minutely  gone  into,  and  they  will  repay 
perusal.  Mr.  Rogers  thought  the  earliest  instance  to  be  depended 
upon  of  shoeing  horses  in  the  present  method  was  part  of  a  horse-shoe 

1  17  Arch.  Journal,  258.  2  3  Archaeologia,  35. 


4  EOMAN   HORSE-SHOE. 

which  was  buried  with  Childeric  I.  in  481.  The  horse  appeared  from 
the  shoe  to  have  been  small.  The  earlier  instances  of  shoeing  seemed 
to  this  writer,  to  be  consistent  with  and  better  explained  by  a  plating 
over  the  hoof.  Mr.  Pegge  apprehends  that  the  shoeing  of  horses  was 
veiy  far  from  being  a  general  practice  amongst  the  ancients,  but  that  it 
was  sometimes  done,  especially  in  later  times.  He  quotes  Montfaucon's 
statement  that  Eabretti,  among  the  great  number  of  horses  which  occur 
in  ancient  monuments,  never  saw  more  than  one  that  was  shod,  though 
he  made  it  his  business  to  examine  them  all,  and  that  therefore  the 
iron  shoes  on  the  horses'  feet  on  an  Etruscan  tomb  were  a  rare  par- 
ticular. And  he  thinks  that  the  variations  in  practice  are  quite  intelli- 
gible, as  many  sorts  of  work  may  be  performed  by  horses  without 
shoeing,  especially  in  some  regions,  and  as  the  inhabitants,  in  a  thou- 
sand places  abroad,  though  they  have  horses,  know  nothing  of  shoeing 
them,  to  this  day.  The  question  whether  the  shoeing  was  by  nailed 
shoes  or  platings  he  leaves  open,  but  quotes  Yossius's  wonder  that  the 
Eastern  mode  of  shoeing  with  leather  coverings,  if  the  sole  were  stuck 
full  of  nails,  does  not  supersede  the  injurious  mode  of  shoeing  by  means 
of  nails  driven  into  the  hoof. 

Our  member,  MB.  "WHEATLEY,  naturally  remarks  that  the  paved  roads 
of  the  Romans  in  this  country  would  almost  necessitate  the  use  of  shoes. 
But  Mr.  Pegge  quotes  a  remarkable  passage  where  Xenophon  recom- 
mends for  hardening  the  horses'  hoofs  that  the  stalls  should  be  pitched 
with  stones  of  the  size  of  the  hoofs,  and  that  the  place  where  the  ani- 
mals were  curried  should  be  strewn  with  boulder  stones.3  He  thinks, 
from  classical  passages,  that  asses  and  mules  were  not  unfrequently 
shod,  and  were  more  used  than  horses,  which  may  account  for  small- 
sized  shoes,  if  nailed  shoes  are  meant.  And  it  is  probable  that  horses, 
like  warriors,  if  we  may  judge  from  armour,  were  formerly  smaller.  A 
very  small  sort  of  horse- shoes  have  been  frequently  found  in  ploughing 
ing  Battle  Platts,  near  York,  given  as  the  scene  of  the  battle  between 
Harold  and  the  Norwegians  in  1066. 

The  blacksmith  to  whom  the  present  shoe  was  shown  at  once  recognised 
:ts  similitude  to  several  that  he  used  to  plough  up  near  Plessy,  in  North- 
umberland. But  the  medieval  horse  shoe  seems  generally  to  have  re- 
sembled the  modern  one.  The  curious  seal  of  Ralph  Marshall  or  Farrier 
of  the  Bishoprick  of  Durham  is  added  to  the  illustration  for  the  purpose 
of  comparison.3] 

3  "  Then  were  the  horse-hoofs  broken  by  the  means  of  their  prancing,  the  prancing 
of  the  mighty  ones."  (Judges,  v.  22.)  "  Had  the  horses'  feet  been  shod  either  with 
iron  or  brass,  they  could  not  have  been  broken  by  prancing."  (Pegge.) 


/uli  tat 

YVARKWOHTH 


CORRUPT   ORTHOGRAPHY   OF   LOCAL   NAMES. 


COBBUPT  OBTHOGBAPHY  OF  LOCAL  NAMES. 

MR.  TURKER  has  produced  an  official  trace  of  the  Ordnance  Survey,  East 
of  Newcastle,  upon  which  Bow's  House,  St.  Peter's,  (named  after  Mr. 
Bow),  is  written  Rose  House  :  and 

DR.  BRUCE  has  exhibited  examples  of  the  register  of  authorities  for 
names  kept  by  the  department,  in  the  following  form  : — "  List  of 
names  as  written  on  the  plan  :  Yarious  modes  of  spelling  the  same 
names :  Authorities  for  those  mode  of  spelling  :  Situation  :  Descriptive 
remarks,  or  general  observations  which  may  be  considered  of  interest." 
For  the  spelling  of  Hartburn,  are  cited  the  "  Yicar  of  Hartburn,  Per- 
petual Curate  of  Cainbo,  Netherwitton  Deed  of  Endowment,  Overseers 
in  Circular  190,  Whellan's  History,  1855,  Mackenzie's  History,  1825, 
[no  mention  of  Hodgson's],  List  of  Begistrars'  Districts,  Population 
Beturns,  1851,  Clerk  of  the  Peace,  Meresmen  for  the  Parish,  Modern 
Divisions  of  County,  List  of  Benefices."  For  Hertborne,  "Valor 
Ecclesia.,  Hen.  VIII."  for  Hertburn,  Taxatio  Ecclesia.,  P.  Nich."  For 
Cambo,  "  Poor  Bate  Book,  Tithe  Plan,  Estate  Plan,  Tho.  Gow,  agent, 
Mr.  Geo.  Bichardson,  meresman,  Clerk  of  the  Peace,  Whellan's  His- 
tory, 1855,  Mackenzie's  History,  1825,  List  of  Begistrars'  Districts, 
Population  Beturns,  1851,  Modern  Divisions  of  the  County."  For 
Camhowe,  "Ancient  Divisions  of  the  County." 

It  is  Besolved,  at  the  instance  of  Mr.  BALPH  CARR: — That  a  Committee 
of  the  undermentioned  gentlemen,  viz.  : — the  Chairman  (Mr.  Hindo), 
the  Clerk  of  the  Peace  for  Newcastle  (Mr.  Clayton),  the  Clerk  of  the 
Peace  for  Northumberland  (Mr.  Dickson),  himself,  and  the  Secretaries 
of  the  Society,  be  appointed  to  prepare  a  list  of  such  names  of  places  in 
Northumberland  as  seem  to  be  at  present  carelessly  and  improperly 
spelt,  and  appear  susceptible  of  easy  and  obvious  improvement  from  the 
usage  of  past  times.  That  such  list  be  laid  before  the  Society,  to  the 
intent  that,  if  approved  of,  it  be  laid  before  the  Officers  of  the  Ordnance 
Survey,  and  recommended  for  their  adoption  in  the  completing  of  the 
Ordnance  Map. 


NORTH   AMERICAN  ANTIQUITIES. 

MONTHLY  MEETING,  6  MARCH,  1861. 
John  Fenwiclc,  J?sq.,  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

DONATIONS  or  BOOKS,  &c. — By  Sir  Walter  Trevelyan,  Bart.  The 
First,  Second,  Third,  and  Fourth  Eeports  of  the  Lords'  Committees  on 
the  Dignity  of  a  Peer  of  the  Realm  ;  and  Appendix  No.  1,  to  the  First 
Report.  —  By  the  Author.  The  Hexham  Chronicle,  or  Materials  for  a 
Modern  History  of  Hexham.  A  Hundred  Years  Ago,  or  the  Hexham 
Eiot.  By  Joseph  Ridley,  Hexham,  1 861 .  —  By  the  Archaeological  Insti- 
tute. The  Archaeological  Journal,  65,  66,  67,  1860.  — By  the  Canadian 
Institute.  The  Canadian  Journal,  N.S.,  No.  31,  Jan-,  1861.  —  By  the 
Kilkenny  Archaeological  Society.  The  Society's  Proceedings,  Nos.  28, 
29,  30,  for  July,  September,  and  November,  1860. 

Mr.  Henry  Watson,  through  Mr.  "White,  exhibited  a  small  Spanish 
copper  coin,  of  Charles  II.,  1680. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  ANTIQUITIES. 

ME.  "WHITE  has  read  a  letter  addressed  to  Mr.  Brockie,  of  Sunderland, 
by  Mr.  David  Wyrick,  of  Newark,  Licking  co.,  Ohio,  and  dated  8  Sep., 
1860,  and  exhibited  the  plans  and  drawings  referred  to  in  it.  One  of 
them  represents  in  great  detail  a  strange  and  vast  assemblage  of  earth- 
works near  Newark.  On  one  of  the  sides  of  an  octagon  enclosure,  an 
oak-tree,  cut  down  thirty  years  ago,  exhibited  1 130  annual  rings.  These 
remains  were  loosely  engraved  from  the  examination  of  Caleb  Atwater, 
in  1820,  and  Plate  XXV.  of  the  first  volume  of  the  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tute's Publications  contains  a  more  detailed,  but  still  very  inexact  repre- 
sentation by  Squier  and  Davis,  to  which,  however,  we  refer  our  readers 
for  some  notion  of  them.  It  appears  that  the  small  circles  are  mostly 
accompanied  by  a  singular  depression,  called  a  well  by  Atwater.  Mr. 
Squier  says  that  these  were  bone  pits,  the  decaying  of  their  contents 
causing  the  depressions.  The  determination  of  Mr.  "Wyrick  to  investi- 
gate the  similar  objects  near  Newark  was  well  known ;  and  in  excavating 
one  of  them  he  turned  out  two  pebbles,  one  round,  the  other  of  a  long 
bottlelike  appearance,  marked  in  the  present  Hebrew  characters,  with 
sacred  words  signifying  "Most  Holy"  (Exodus  xxix.  37,  xxx.  10,  29, 
36,  &c.),  "King  of  the  Earth,"  "Law  of  Jehovah"  (Exodus  xiii.  9, 
I  Chron.  xxii.  12,  &c.),  and  "Word  of  Jehovah"  (Jeremiah  i.  4,  11,  ii. 
1,  &c.)  Mr.  Wyrick,  however,  does  not  seem  to  see  the  probability  of 


NORTH  AMERICAN  ANTIQUITIES.  7 

this  being  a  hoax,  though  he  acknowledges  its  after- deposit  by  some 
stray  Hebrew ;  for  his  theory  is,  that  the  earthworks  are  older  than  the 
family  of  Israel.  He  afterwards  found  pottery  and  mica,  and  indica- 
tions of  decayed  matter,  but  nothing  sepulchral. 

The  works  are  of  clay,  quite  different  from  the  earth  on  which  they 
stand. 

One  of  the  drawings  represents  what  Mr.  Wyrick  considers  to  be  an 
artificial  lake,  near  Utica,  Licking  co.,  of  100  acres  in  extent,  caused  by 
damming  up  a  stream.  It  has  a  uniform  level,  and  no  visible  outlet. 
A  neighbouring  but  smaller  lake  of  about  20  acres,  when  drained,  ex- 
posed stumps  of  trees  in  situ. 

He  also  mentions  a  circle  of  clay  mounds  round  a  well  or  cistern  of 
water,  the  whole  being  covered  with  a  pile  of  stone.  On  the  removal 
of  some  50,000  loads  of  stone,  for  the  banks  of  a  reservoir  and  other 
purposes,  the  well  and  the  clay  mounds  were  found.  One  of  them  was 
opened  in  Mr.  Wyrick's  presence,  about  seven  years  ago,  and  yielded  a 
coffin.  It  was  part  of  an  oaken  log,  hollowed  out  apparently  by  first 
using  hot  stone,  and  then  chopping  out  the  charred  wood  with  a  stone 
or  copper  axe,  or  some  dull  tool.  The  outside  was  finished  in  the  same 
way.  The  comn  seemed  to  contain  portions  of  the  skeletons  of  three 
individuals,  one  a  child,  another  middle  aged,  the  third  aged.  About 
the  place  of  the  breast,  or  where  the  folding  of  the  hands  might  be, 
there  lay  ten  copper  rings,  of  between  3  and  4  inches  diameter,  as  if 
made  of  copper  wire,  and  a  locket  of  black  hair.  The  bottom  of  the 
cofiin  appeared  to  have  been  lined  with  some  coarse  fabric.  It  was  im- 
bedded in  water  12  inches  deep,  on  the  top  of  a  hill  500  feet  above  the 
level  of  any  stream,  on  a  sort  of  frame  of  wood,  and  covered  with  clay 
and  mortar,  or  sun-dried  brick,  exceedingly  hard  to  dig. 

Inscriptions  are  mentioned  in  Indiana,  and  perhaps  elsewhere,  as 
common,  and  thought  to  be  Phoenician. 

There  is  a  drawing  of  a  mound,  with  numerous  burials  and  layers  of 
charcoal  and  wood  partially  charred.  Above  and  below  is  red  earth  as 
if  the  charcoal  had  been  covered  with  the  earth  when  burned.  The 
oldest  burials  yielded  the  firmest  bones.  The  Editor  has  no  means  of 
verifying  the  contents  of  this  curious  paper.  The  writer  regrets  his 
want  of  books  on  ancient  monuments  and  languages,  and  hints  that 
donations  of  them  addressed  for  him  to  the  care  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  "Washington  City,  or  of  D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  N.  Y.,  would 
be  well  bestowed. 


0  INSCRIPTION   AT   BRIDEKIRK. 

INSCRIPTION  OX  THE  FONT  AT  BRIDEKIRK. 
BY  THE  REV.  W.  MONZHOUSE,  B.D.,  F.S.A. 

THE  Rev.  Mr.  Haigh's  copy  of  the  Bridekirk  Runes,  published  in  the 
Archseologia  .^Eliana,  seems  to  me  to  be  the  most  clear  and  perfect  of 
any  that  I  have  seen ;  and  suggests  a  different  reading  to  any  yet  given 
to  the  inscription. 

I  would  observe  that,  in  this  copy,  the  punctuation  is  well  denned  and 
uniform ;  it  therefore  demands  that  great  weight  and  authority  should 
be  attached  to  it.  A  due  attention  to  this  rule  would  prevent  that 
capricious  running  together  of  words  into  each  other,  which  is  found  in 
many  of  the  translations. 

We  generally  find  that  Runic  inscriptions  only  record  the  names  of 
the  individuals  who  made  them,  and  the  object  for  which  they  were 
made,  so  the  one  at  Bridekirk  begins  with  the  sculptor's  name,  "Ri- 
kurd."  The  following  Runes  "he  me,"  are  so  distinct  that  there  is  no 
difficulty  in  admitting  them  in  their  plain  English  meaning. 

The  last  word  of  the  first  line  is  "igrogte,"  and  in  this  word,  I  read 
the  fifth  Rune  as  "  g  "  and  not  "  c,"  as  it  is  given  in  all  the  other  ver- 
sions, which  softens  the  pronunciation  without  at  all  affecting  its  mean- 
ing. This  is  the  usual  form  of  the  "  g  "  in  Runic  alphabets,  as  may  be 
seen  in  Worsaae's  Primeval  Antiquities,  p.  115.  The  "i"  or  "y" 
prefix  was  the  common  form  of  the  early  English  writers,  although  it 
is  now  obsolete.  Chaucer  uses  it  passim,  as  ywent — ybless'd — ygetten, 
&c.  The  same  author  uses  the  word  "  wroghte,"  for  our  modern 
"wrought,"  which  spelling  brings  "igrogte"  very  close  home  to  our 
own  vernacular.  The  Anglo-Saxon  form  is  "worhte,"  which  bears  not 
nearly  so  close  a  resemblance  to  it. 

As  some  mark  of  conjunction  would  be  necessary  between  the  two 
lines,  I  assume  the  character  '  7 '  to  represent  the  copula  '  and' l 

1  admit  that  it  is  neither  a  Norse  nor  Saxon  Rune,  but  if  we  refer  to 
the  Plemlosen  inscription  in  "Wormius,  p.  147,  we  shall  find  a  sign  -j- 
concerning  which  he  says  ' '  hanc  literam  pro  Voce  '  aug '    (and)  positam 
reor ;"  so  we  may  consider  the  copulative  sign  in  Runes  to  be  some- 
what irregular  and  arbitrary. 

So  far,  it  has  all  been  plain  sailing.  I  now,  however,  venture  to  differ 
from  former  translators,  without  at  all  claiming  infallibility  for  my  own 
version. 


INSCRIPTION  AT  BRIDEKIRK.  9 

The  Runes  "to  this"  begin  the  second  line;2  then  we  read  "RD," 
which  is  so  punctuated  on  the  font  as  to  make  it  one  independent  word. 
Now  "RD"  per  se  means  nothing.  I  therefore  suppose  it  to  bean 
abbreviated  form  of  "  Richard,"  on  the  principle  that  when  proper 
names  are  Tepeated  in  Runic  inscriptions,  Wormius  says  they  are  com- 
monly abbreviated. 

Grimm  also  notices  the  contractions  in  this  inscription  when  he  says— 
mele  allreviaturen  angelracht — many  abbreviations  are  used. 

I  also  venture  a  different  interpretation  to  the  next  word,  which  I 
read  "ger,"  and  as  I  take  the  punctuation  to  be  my  guide,  I  read  this 
also  as  a  separate  and  independent  word. 

It  was  the  practice  of  sculptors  of  Runes  to  abbreviate  whenever  they 
could  do  so,  and  in  the  fifty  or  sixty  examples  given  us  by  "Wormius 
he  is  obliged  in  numerous  instances  to  supply  the  contractions  that  are 
met  with,  and  sometimes  in  a  manner  not  at  all  satisfactory  to  himself, 
as  his  expressions  "legendum  censeo,"  "  vera  a3nigmata,"  &c.,  plainly 
denote.  I  may  state,  with  respect  to  "  ger,"  that  there  is  not  a  more 
common  word  in  Runic  inscriptions,  in  some  form  or  inflection.  "We 
have  it  in  gar,  giua,  gerd,  gerde,  gard,  gerdi,  &c.,  which  are  translated 
sculpsit,  fecit,  struxit.  Also  "giera  lit,"  Jieri  fecit,  and  I  shall  now 
give  one  or  two  examples  of  its  application. 

In  a  district  called  Holm,  Wormius  gives  an  inscription,  p.  482, 
Oilastr  mihi  Bunas  fecit,  "gerd."  Again  on  a  bell,  "  Gudman  gerde 
mig,"  Gudman  me  fecit ;  and  on  Thyre's  Monument,  erected  by  her 
husband  Gorm,  is  this  expression,  "Kubl  gerd,  "  tumulum  fecit.  But 
inasmuch  as  Gorm  died  before  his  queen,  in  order  to  avoid  an  an- 
achronism, "Wormius  translates  "  gerd,"  praparari  curavit,  "  caused  to 
be  made  beforehand ;"  and  I  claim  this  word  to  be  good  English  in  the 
sense  here  given.  It  is  used  by  Spencer,  who  says — . 

"  So  matter  did  she  make  of  nought 
To  stir  up  strife,  and  garre  them  disagree." 

and  by  Barbour,  in  this  passage — 

That  they  the  ship  in  no  maner 
Myeht  ger  to  come  the  wall  so  ner. 

and  in  many  parts  of  Cumberland  and  Westmoreland  in  the  present  day, 

1  A  similar  contraction  for  et  is  familiar  to  record  readers. — Ed. 

2  At  the  moment  of  going  to  press,  when  communication  with  the  writer  is  impos- 
sible, it  is  observed  that  Mr.  Haigh's  drawing  (see  vol.  i.,  182,  192)  adds  the  letters 
<ome"  and  two  dots  before  we  reach  the  letters  read  "  RD."     If  taken  as  a  separate 
word,  they  may  not  affect  Mr.  Monkhouse's  view,  and  he  may  have  omitted  by  an 
oversight  to  mention  them  in  express  terms. — Ed. 

VOL.   VI.  C 


10  INSCRIPTION  AT  BRIDEKIRK. 

there  is  no  word  in  more  common  use  than  "  gar,"  to  make  or  compel 
a  thing  to  be  done. 

"  Er  me  brogte  "  are  the  concluding  words,  which  I  render  "  before 
lie  brought  me."  The  word  "  er,"  as  spelt  in  the  Eunes,  is  written  in 
the  sarae  way  by  Chaucer,  and  the  meaning  given  to  it  in  the  Glossary  is 
"  before."  In  order  to  find  a  propriety  for  it  in  the  inscription,  it  is 
only  necessary  to  suppose  the  font  to  have  been  made  and  engraved 
anywhere  else  than  at  Bridekirk;  that  Eikard,  in  short,  made  it  at  some 
other  place  before  he  brought  to  its  present  position.  This  supposition 
creates  a  kind  of  necessity  for  the  appearance  of  "  er  "  in  the  context. 
Thus,  I  think,  we  have  established  a  claim  to  another  plain  English 
word. 

I  may  remark  on  the  concluding  word  "brogte,"  that  in  all  the  copies 
which  I  have  seen,  the  Eunes  are  the  most  clear  and  distinct ;  neither 
do  the  copies  at  all  differ,  but  are  perfectly  identical  with  each  other. 
This  word  is  also  plain  English,  and  I  would  remark  to  those  who  have 
a  tendency  towards  an  Anglo-Saxon  version,  that  the  past  form  is 
"  brohte  "  in  that  language  without  the  "  g ;"  consequently,  that  it  does 
not  so  much  resemble  the  word  as  it  stands  on  the  font  as  our  own 
word  "  brought." 

I  therefore  would  thus  read  and  translate  the  inscription  : — 

Eikard  .  he  .  me  .  igrogte  .  7 

To  .  this  .  Rd  .  ger  .  er  .  me  .  brogte. 

Eicard  he  me  wrought,  and 

To  this  Ricard  carved  me,  before  he  me  brought. 

That  it  was  "carved  to  this"  especial  purpose  and  object — to  serve 
as  a  baptismal  font — is  clearly  proved  by  the  representation  upon  it  of 
the  baptism  of  our  Saviour. 

As  I  have  not  been  writing  this  paper  in  any  spirit  of  controversy, 
but  simply  with  a  view  to  promote  enquiry,  and  elicit  the  truth  with 
respect  to  this  Sibylline  scroll,  which  has  formed  the  subject  of  dis- 
cussion for  the  last  two  hundred  years,  I  have  therefore  carefully  ab- 
stained from  entering  upon  any  criticism,  with  respect  to  the  theories 
and  opinions  of  others,  and  the  same  indulgence  which  I  have  extended 
to  former  writers  upon  this  vexed  question,  I  hope  may  be  hereafter 
extended  to  me. 

Hanc  veniam  petimusque  damusque  vicissim. 


THE  BRIDLINGTON  SLAB.  11 


THE  BRIDLIWTON  SLAB. 

MR.  CAPE,  of  Bridlington,  through  Mr.  Brockett,  has  presented  a  rubbing 
of  the  very  curious  palimpsest  sepulchral  slab  in  the  Priory  Church 
there,  representing,  with  architecture  and  animals,  a  fox  and  a  bird 
striving  to  obtain  the  contents  of  a  narrow-necked  jar.  There  are 
engravings  of  this  stone  from  a  drawing  by  Sir  Walter  C.  Trevelyan, 
the  discoverer  of  its  remarkable  character,  in  Archseologia  JEliana,  vol. 
2,  4to  series,  p.  168,  and  in  Prickett's  Bridlington  Priory  Church. 

Mr.  Cutts,  in  his  Manual  of  Sepulchral  Slabs,  considers  the  design  as 
a  strange  travesty  of  an  early  Christian  emblem,  two  birds  drinking  out 
of  a  vase  or  cup,  which  is  found  on  many  slabs  in  the  catacombs,  and  of 
which  mediaeval  examples  occur  at  Bishop  stow,  near  Lewes,  and  on  the 
upper  face  of  the  font  at  Winchester.  He  calls  the  bird  at  Bridlington 
a  goose. 

Dr.  Lee,  of  Caerleon,  has  the  matrix  of  a  little  seal  presenting  a 
grotesque  very  similar  to  that  at  Bridlington,  and  throwing  considerable 
doubt  upon  any  connection  with  the  old  Christian  symbolism  of  the 
catacombs.  A  cock  and  a  hare  are  striving  to  obtain  the  contents  of  a 
tripod  vessel,  and  the  legend  is 

HER   IS   tfA    MARE 
BOTE    COK   POT    HARE. 


CORRUPT  OBTHOGBAPHY  OP  LOCAL  NAMES. 

MR.  CARR,  in  resuming  this  subject  (see  p.  5.),  has  read  a  letter  as  to 
the  name  of  Cullercoats,  from  Mr.  Sidney  Gibson,  (who  agrees  with  Mr. 
Carr  in  thinking  it  had  some  reference  to  Culfer,  a  dove,  as  the  monks 
liked  pigeon-pie  as  well  as  piety,)  and  has  prepared  a  skeleton  map  of 
Northumberland,  in  which  the  proposed  restorations  are  noticed,  ley  for  ly, 
law  for  ley  in  the  case  of  hills,  cote  for  coat,  lotle  for  bottle,  ope  for  op, 
oe  for  o,  am  or  ham  for  um,  in  Mindrum.  The  form  g'ham,  to  denote 
the  peculiar  soft  pronunciation  of  such  words  as  Ovingham,  has  already 
been  officially  adopted,  and  the  present  changes  have  been  approved  by 
the  Society's  Committee.  As  to  Cullercoats,  indeed,  Mr.  Hinde  feared  a 


12  CORRUPT  ORTHOGRAPHY   OF   LOCAL  NAMES. 

change  until  some  evidence  of  the  spelling  cotes  was  adduced.  The 
name  did  not  occur  early,  and  one  of  Mr.  Carr's  friends  suggested  that 
the  corruption  was  in  the  first  syllable,  for  what  was  a  coat  without  a 
collar  ? 

There  are  some  difficulties  in  preserving  the  sounds  op  and  lottle  in 
the  changes.  It  does  not  seem  advisable  to  apply  liam  to  the  place  cor- 
ruptly called  Glororum  on  Greenwood's  map,  and  Glororim  in  the  Book 
of  Rates.  Armstrong  has  it  as  Glower-o'er-him,  and  the  same  form  oc- 
curs more  than  once  in  Durham.  Dr,  Raine  humorously  used  to  say 
that  the  Roman  antiquaries  ought  to  build  a  theory  on  the  name — 
It  must  be  Gloria  Romanorum  !  In  Durham,  we  have  other  names  of 
the  same  class,  "  Glower-at-him,"  and  "  Glower-at-all." 


MONTHLY  MEETING,  3  APRIL,  1861. 
John  Hodgson  Hinde,  Esq.,  V.P.,  in  the  Chair. 

DONATIONS  OF  BOOKS.  —  From  the  Archceological  Institute.  The  Arch- 
aeological Journal,  JS"o.  68.  —  From  the  Kilkenny  Archaeological  Society. 
Their  Transactions.  —  From  the  Able  Cochet.  A  Report  on  the  Flint 
Implements  found  in  the  Drift. 

NEW  HONORARY  MEMBER. — The  Rev.  Dr.  Hume,  of  Liverpool,  the 
founder  of  the  Lancashire  and  Cheshire  Historical  Society,  and  author  of 
some  valuable  papers  on  Roman  Roads  and  Stations,  in  their  Transactions. 


MS.  OF  GOWER'S  CONFESSIO  AMANTIS. 
BY  EDWARD  CHARLTON,  M.D. 

THE  fine  folio  MS.  of  Early  English  Poetry,  exhibited  by  Lord  Ravens- 
worth  (our  President)  at  a  former  meeting  of  the  Society,  proves  to  be, 
as  was  then  surmised,  an  early  perfect  copy  of  Gower's  Confessio  Amantis. 
Manuscript  copies  of  this  once  celebrated  oJd  English  poem,  are  to  be 
found  in  several  of  the  public  libraries  in  England.  The  Bodleian,  for 
instance,  contains  not  less  than  ten  manuscripts  of  the  Confessio  Amantis ; 
but  there  are  very  few  in  private  hands,  and  of  the  Bodleian  and  British 
Museum  copies  there  are  few  so  perfect  as  the  one  before  us.  In  this 
volume  nearly  the  whole  poem  is  to  be  found.  Of  all  the  exceptional 


MS.  OF  GOWER'S  CONFESSIO  AMANTIS.  13 

losses  we  most  deeply  regret  that  of  tlie  first  leaf  of  the  prologue, 
as  it  -would  have  thrown  possibly  some  light  upon  the  date  of  the 
volume.  In  some  of  the  earlier  copies,  Gower  give  an  account  of 
his  having  been  induced  by  King  Richard  II.  to  write  this  poem  ;  the 
King  having  met  him  one  day  upon  the  Thames,  when,  calling  him  into 
the  royal  barge,  he  enjoined  him  to  write  some  fresh  poem.  In  the 
later  copies  he  makes  no  allusion  to  this  circumstance,  but  merely 
states,  in  his  dedication  to  Henry  of  Lancaster,  Earl  of  Derby,  one  of 
the  chief  opponents  of  King  Richard,  that  he  finished  it  in  "the  yere 
sixteenth  of  King  Richard,"  or  1392-3. 

The  MS.  before  us  is  a  fine  folio,  in  excellent  preservation,  written 
throughout  in  double  columns,  with  illuminated  initial  letters.  We 
consider  both  the  illuminations  and  the  writing  to  be  of  the  early  part 
of  the  fifteenth  century,  perhaps  even  as  late  as  1 450,  or  nearly  half-a- 
century  after  Gower's  death.  Near  the  end  of  the  prologue  we  have 
an  illumination  of  the  statue  in  Nabuchadonosor's  vision.  In  the  pro- 
logue we  are  startled  by  the  date  1390  in  red  letters;  but  it  appears,  on 
examination,  to  refer  to  the  subject  of  the  text,  viz.  the  schism  of  Avig- 
non of  that  date.  About  sixty  lines  of  the  conclusion  of  the  prologue, 
and  also  three  leaves  of  the  first  book,  are  wanting  in  this  copy.  The 
MS.  has  evidently,  at  a  very  early  period,  been  bound  by  some  ignorant 
workman ;  and  many  of  the  leaves  displaced,  for  directions,  especially 
in  the  fifth  book,  are  given  in  a  very  early  hand,  for  the  rectification  of 
his  blunders.  The  larger  illuminations  are  at  the  commencement  of 
each  book,  except  at  the  commencement  of  the  sixth.  "With  the  seventh 
book  begins  the  handwriting  of  a  different  scribe.  The  Saxon  character 
for  tli  is  here  omitted  occasionally,  and  the  illuminations  are  of  different 
character.  The  vellum,  too,  for  the  space  of  about  nine  leaves  is  much 
thicker  and  less  worn.  At  the  end  of  about  ten  folios,  the  old  hand- 
writing begins  again,  and  it  would  therefore  seem  that  a  part  of  the 
seventh  book  had  been  lost,  but  had  been  replaced  by  a  cunning  scribe 
before  the  art  of  illumination  became  altogether  extinct  in  England.1 
The  end  of  the  seventh  book  and  the  commencement  of  the  eighth  are 
also  wanting.  Few,  however,  of  the  manuscript  copies  of  Gower  are 
complete. 

[The  writing  throughout  is  tall  and  regular.  Some  additions  must  be 
noticed.  In  the  margin  of  one  leaf  is  a  couplet,  in  an  early  hand,  which 

1  This  cunning  scribe  miscalculated  his  space,  and  the  last  leaf  of  his  -writing  is  a 
mere  slip  introduced  to  bring  his  matter  up  to  the  re-commencement  of  the  old 
hand. 


14  ANDIRON  FOUND  NEAR  KIELDER. 

may  well  be  that  of  Edward  IV.'s  step-son,  or  some  of  the  Thomas 
Greys  of  Northumberland. 

"  Like  as  thys  reson  doth  devysse, 
I  do  my  selfe  yn  same  wysse. 

"  GRAY  T." 

On  two  other  leaves  are  these  inscriptions  in  Elizabethan  penman- 
ship : — ".John  Gouer  wrotte  this  Booke  with  his  owne  hand. — John 
Gouwer  wrott  Bocke  with  his  oune  haunde,  a  poett  Lawriet — Pr  ME, 
WILLIAM  MEATCAFE." 

On  the  blank  leaf  preceding  the  commencement  of  the  poetic  matter, 
is  this  entry,  probably  of  Jacobean  date : — "  Prances  Tomsone,  of  West- 
mester,  servant  to  the  Kiuge's  ma' tie,  dwelling  in  Longe  Diche  by  the 
Hank  in  Sword." 

And  above  it,  in  an  earlier  hand  : — "John  Gower  wrott  this  booke, 
poeett  Lawrrett." — ED.] 


ANDIRON  FOUND  NEAR  KIELDER. 

THE  DUKE  OF  NOBTHDTOEIILAND  has  sent  for  exhibition  an  andiron,  dis- 
covered 8  feet  deep  in  the  moss  near  Kielder  during  the  cuttings  for  the 
Border  Counties  Railway,  on  March  1,  1861.  It  presents  no  very  obvi- 
ous evidences  of  date.  The  iron  is  sharp  and  uncorroded,  a  fact  which 
may  be  explained  by  the  circumstances  of  its  deposit.  Mr.  WHITE  thinks 
that  it  is  not  very  ancient,  while  Dr.  CHAELTON  admits  that  ancient 
forms  of  objects  were  preserved  for  a  long  time  in  the  western  districts. 
The  pattern,  certainly,  is  old  and  peculiar.  The  form  is  that  of  a  bar, 
simply  ornamented  with  a  kind  of  herring-bone  incisions,  connecting  two 
upright  standards ;  both  are  of  the  same  height,  with  the  iron  curled 
round  into  horns  for  plain  goatsheads.  Thus  the  andiron  seems  to  have 
been  used  near  a  fire  in  the  middle  of  a  room  to  support  the  wood 
laid  to  burn,  like  the  similar  object  which  remains  in  situ  upon  the 
hearth  in  the  centre  of  the  hall  at  Penshurst,  Kent.  The  latter  object 
is  figured  in  the  Illustrated  London  News  of  13  April,  1861. 


CHICHESTER  CATHEDRAL  AND  BISHOP  RALPH  NEYIL. 

MR.  EDWAKD  THOMPSON  has  exhibited  a  rubbing  of  the  only  brass  in 
Chichester  Cathedral,  a  late  but  not  uninteresting  memorial.  A  civilian 
and  his  lady  kneel  before  a  desk  on  which  are  open  books.  Six  sons 


CHICHESTER  CATHEDEAL  AND  BISHOP   RALPH   NEVIL.        15 

accompany  him,  eight  daughters  her.  Arms,  a  pheon.  "  Here  vnder 
lyeth  the  bodies  of  Mr  William  Bradbridge  who  was  thrice  Maior  of 
this  Cittie,  and  Alice  his  wife,  who  had  vj .  sonnes  and  viij .  daughters, 
which  Will'm  deceased  1546,  and  this  stone  was  finished  at  y*  charges 
of  ye  wors11  M™  Alice  Barnham,  widow,  one  of  ye  dautrb  of  ye  said  "Wm 
Bradbridge,  and  wife  of  the  wors11  Mr  Francis  Barnham  decased,  Shrive 
and  Aldrma'  of  Londo'  in  1570.  Fynyshed  in  Ivly  1592.  A.  (pheon)  B." 
Our  readers  must  now  be  referred  to  Professor  "Willis's  admirable  ob- 
servations on  the  architectural  history  of  the  Cathedral,  clearing  away 
all  former  essays  on  the  same  subject.  We  may,  however,  with  Mr. 
Thompson,  remind  them  of  St.  Wilfrid's  early  connection  with  the  see 
of  Selsey,  the  precursor  of  Chichester,  and  its  interesting  details,  as 
related  by  Beda.  One  of  the  bishops,  Ralph  Nevil,  is  said  to  have 
been  of  the  Durham  family  of  that  name,  and  to  have  been  born  at  Raby. 
However  the  former  position  may  be  as  to  collateral  relationship  with 
the  maternal  ancestors  of  the  devils  of  Raby,  the  latter  can  hardly  be 
supported.  He  occurs  by  the  name  of  Nevil  in  1213,  and  died  in  1 244. 
Now  Isabel,  sister  of  Henry  de  Nevil,  did  not  become  his  heir  until  his 
death  in  1227.  She  was  wife  of  Robert  Fitz-Meldred  of  Raby,  whose 
son,  Geoffrey  Fitz-Robert,  assumed  the  name  of  jNevil.  In  Burton's  ex- 
tracts out  of  the  Yorkshire  Pipe  Rolls,  preserved  at  Burton  Constable, 
we  find  under  11  Hen.  III.  (1227),  Robert  Fitz-Meldret,  who  had  for 
wife  Ysabel,  sister  and  heir  of  Henry  de  Neovill,  accounting  for  200 
marks  for  his  relief  of  the  lands  of  which  Henry  died  seised. 


MONTHLY  MEETING,  1  MAY,  1861. 
Matthew  WTieatley,  Esq.,  Treasurer,  in  the   Chair. 

DO^ATIOJSTS  OF  BOOKS. — From  Lord  Tallot  de  Malahide.  Catalogue 
of  the  Antiquities  of  Animal  Materials  and  Bronze  in  the  Museum,  of 
the  Royal  Irish  Academy,  by  Dr.  W.  R.  Wilde.  —  From  M.  Boucher  de 
Perthes.  L'  Abbevillois,"  1 6  Avril,  1861,  noticing  the  Flints  in  the  Drift. 
—  From  Signer  Montiroli.  Ragionamento  del  Foro  Romano  e  de'  Prin- 
cipali  suoi  Monumenti  dalla  fondazione  di  Roma  al  Primo  Secolo  dell' 
Impero  del  Cav.  Camillo  Ravioli  Osservazioni  sulla  topografia  della 
parte  meridionale  del  Foro  Romano  e  de'  suoi  piu'  celebri  Monumenti 
dimostrata  in  quattro  tavole  ed  illustrata  du  una  veduta  generale  dell' 
architetto  Giovanni  Montiroli,  Roma,  1859.  (The  two  treatises  are 
bound  together.)  —  From  the  Canadian  Institute.  The  Canadian  Jour- 
nal, K  S.  32,  March,  1861. 


1 6  STOUP  FROM  EBB'S  NOOK — BOOKBINDING,  TEMP,  HEN.  vm. 


STOTJP  FBOM  EBB'S  NOOK. 

MR.  HINDE  has  sent  for  presentation  what  he  takes  to  be  a  holy- water 
stoup.  He  found  it  in  excavating  the  ruins  of  St.  Ebba's  Chapel  at 
"  Ebb's  Nook,"  near  Beadnell,  a  few  years  ago.  An  account  of  the 
excavation  was  given  at  the  time  by  Mr.  Albert  "Way  in  the  Journal  of 
the  Archajological  Institute.  An  old  font  was  also  found.  The  stoup 
is  much  weather-worn,  and  consists  of  a  simple  oblong  block  of  stone, 
the  two  ends  being  sloping,  and  the  square  top,  so  formed,  hollowed  into 
a  small  basin. 


BOOKBINDING,  TEMP.  HEN.  VIII. 

DR.  J.  J.  HOWARD  of  Lee  has  sent  for  presentation  a  rubbing  from  the 
cover  of  a  volume  printed  in  1510  by  Jehan  Petit,  and  entitled  "  Hero- 
doti  Halicarnassei  Thurii  Historic."  It  now  belongs  to  Charles  Baily, 
Esq.,  E.S.A.,  and  on  the  title  is  inscribed  the  quaint  name  of  "  Obadiah 
Ghossip." 

Obverse.  The  arms  of  Henry  VIII.  France  and  England  quarterly, 
surmounted  by  an  arched  crown.  Supporters,  the  dragon,  allusive  to 
the  descent  from  Cadwaladyr,  and  a  greyhound  not  collared.  Above 
the  dragon  a  sun  and  the  arms  of  St.  George.  Above  the  greyhound 
the  moon  and  stars,  and  the  arms  of  the  city  of  London. 

Reverse.  The  double  Tudor  rose,  surrounded  by  two  scrolls,  in- 
scribed : — 

Hec  .  rosa  .  virtutis  .  de  .  celo  .  missa  .  sereno  . 

Eternu  .  florins  .  regia  .  sceptra  .  feret  . 

The  scrolls  diverge  at  the  base  to  enclose  the  pomegranate  erect  and 
slipped  of  Granada,  the  badge  of  Katharine  of  Arragon,  placed  under 
the  rose.  Above  one  of  them  is  the  sun,  over  the  other  is  the  moon  and 
stars. 

In  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  May,  1861,  some  other  Tudor 
bindings  are  described  with  points  in  common.  There  the  same  legend 
occurs,  and  the  angel  supporters  are  found  flanking  the  royal  shield 
as  well  as  the  badge.  They  were  the  supporters  of  France.  In  one  of 
these  bindings  the  arms  of  France  and  England,  so  supported,  are  in- 
paled  with  Katherine's  : — Quarterly,  1  and  4,  Castile  and  Leon ;  2  and 
3,  Arragon  and  Sicily ;  and  on  a  point  in  base  the  pomegranate  for 
Granada 


OLD   RECIPES,  17 


OLD  KECIPE3. 

DE.  CHARLTON  has  exhibited  two  thin  but  closely  written  manuscripts, 
enclosed  in  a  cover  formed  of  two  leaves  of  an  older  and  illuminated 
book.  .One  of  these  objects  is  a  treatise  on  drawing,  differing  in  no 
material  degree  from  Peacham's  Gentleman's  Exercise,  published  in 
1634,  and  probably  not  earlier  in  date.  The  other  is  entitled  "  Obser- 
vations or  Notes  for  Cookerie,  gathered  from  experienced  cookes,  with 
other  notes  and  obsarvations,  Februarii,  Elizab.  R.R.  36,  ao.  Dni.  1593." 
Many  of  these  are  amusing  by  their  minuteness  of  detail.  Thus  a  cock 
to  be  stewed,  to  renew  the  weak,  must  be  a  red  one,  and  boiled  with 
two  or  three  pieces  of  old  gold.  Others  raise  a  laugh  by  their  extreme 
nastiness.  The  following  extracts  may  interest  the  numismatist,  the 
admirer  of  Bluff  Hal,  and  the  collector  of  seals  and  old  books ;  while  from 
some  elaborate  precedents  for  feasts  are  severed  more  moderate  ones, 
which  may  give  a  tolerable  idea  of  the  ordinary  fare  offered  by  the  hosts 
of  olden  time. 

To  make  one  sleepe,  geaven  by  Mr.  Doct.  Caldwell.  Take  white  pop- 
pie  seede  the  weighte  of  a  Frenche  crowne,  which  is  vijd  in  silver 
weight  now  currant,  &c. 

A  sawce  for  a  rosfed  rabbet,  used  ~by  King  Henrie  the  viijth.  Take  a 
handfull  of  washed  parcelie.  Mince  it  smale.  Boyle  it  with  butter 
and  verjuice  upon  a  chaffingdishe.  Season  it  [with]  sugar  and  a  litle 
peper  grosse  beaten.  When  it  is  readie  put  in  a  fewe  fyne  crummes  of 
white  breade  amongst  the  other.  Let  it  boyle  againe  till  it  be  thicke. 
Then  lay  it  in  a  platter,  like  the  breadthe  of  three  fyngers.  Lay  on 
eche  syde  one  rosted  conie,  or  moe,  and  so  searve  them. 

To  make  redd  sealinge  ivaxe.  Take  to  three  poundes  of  waxe,  three 
ounces  of  cleare  turpentine  in  sommer,  in  winter  take  fower.  Melt 
them  togather  with  a  softe  fyre.  Then  take  it  from  the  fyre  and  let  it 
kcele.  Then  put  in  vermelion  verie  fynelie  grounde,  and  sallet  oyle  of 
eche  one  ounce,  and  mixe  them  well  together,  and  it  wilbe  perfect  good 
waxe. 

To  make  redd  or  greene  sealinge  waxe.  Melte  a  pounde  of  waxe  and 
towe  ounces  of  turpentine  togather,  and  when  they  be  well  molten,  then 
take  from  the  fire  the  same,  and  put  to  them  one  ounce  of  vermelion  while 
it  is  lukewarme,  and  stirr  it  well  togather  in  the  keelinge,  and  then 
make  it  up  in  rooles.  And  in  like  maner  shall  yotie  make  greene  waxe 
by  putting  vertgrease  into  it.  Note,  yf  youe  will  take  towe  partes  of 
rosin,  and  one  parte  of  turpentine,  addinge  to  it  vermelion,  as  is  afore- 
said, it  will  make  the  waxe  the  better. 


13  EXCAVATIONS  AT  CORBRIDGE. 

JBookes  of  Cookerie.  A.  Boke  of  Cookrie  gathered  by  A.  "W.  and 
ncwlie  enlarged,  etc.,  and  prentted,  1584.  The  Good  H us wiffes  Jewell, 
found  out  by  the  practise  ot  Th.  Dawson,  etc.,  Io8o.  The  Closett  or 
Treasurie  of  Hidden  Secrettes,  with  sundrie  additions,  etc.,  1586.  The 
Good  Huswiffes  Handmaid  for  the  Kitchin,  with  Good  Huswiffes 
Clossett,  etc.,  1588.  The  Hospitall  for  the  Diseased,  with  manie 
excellent  medicines,  gathered  by  T.  C.  etc.  [In  addition  to  these, 
may  be  added  the  reference  of  a  recipe  for  alluring  pigeons  to  a  dove- 
house  by  means  of  the  scent  of  a  roasted  dog  stuffed  with  cumin,  and 
the  hanging  of  "  a  great  glasse  in  the  toppe  of  the  lover,  and  three  or 
fower  lokinge  glasses  within  the  dovehouse  by  some  of  the  hooles." 
The  quotation  is  :  — "  Probatum,  and  taken  out  of  the  boke  entitled  a 
Thousande  Notable  Things  of  Sundrie  Sortes.  Libro  septimo,  cap.  42."] 

For  Fleshe  Days  at  Dinner. — The  First  Course — Pottage  or  stewed 
brothe,  boyled  meate  or  stewed  meate,  chickens  and  bacon,  powdered 
beiff,  pies,  goose,  pigg,  rosted  beiff,  roasted  veale,  custarde.  The  Seaconde 
Course — Rosted  lambe,  rosted  capons,  rosted  conies,  chickens,  pehennes, 
baked  venison,  tarte. 

The  First  Course  at  Supper — A  sallet,  a  pigs  petitoe,  powdered  beiffe 
sliced,  a  shoulder  of  mutton  or  a  breast,  veale,  lambe,  custarde.  The 
Second  Course — Capons  rosted,  conies  rosted,  chickens  rosted,  larkes 
rosted,  a  pie  of  pigeons  and  chickens,  baked  venison,  tarte. 


EXCAVATIONS  AT  CORBRIDGE. 

DR.  BRUCE  gives  some  account  of  recent  excavations  at  the  singularly 
irregular  Roman  station  at  Corbridge.  By  consent  of  the  landowners — 
the  Duke  of  Northumberland,  Mr.  Beaumont,  and  the  Trustees  of  Green- 
wich Hospital — a  labourer  had  been  placed  by  Mr.  Cuthbert  of  Beau- 
front  at  the  service  of  Mr.  Coulson  (whose  services  had  been  so  useful 
and  carefully  directed  at  Bremenium),  for  the  purpose  of  making  investi- 
gations at  Corbridge.  He  accordingly  tapped  the  "Watling- street,  and 
ascertained  for  the  first  time  the  point  where  it  struck  the  station  on 
the  south  side.  It  was  about  20  feet  wide,  of  the  usual  convex  form, 
and  duly  paved,  but  deprived  of  its  curbstones.  In  the  county  of  Dur- 
ham, it  is  described  as  having  been  furnished  with  footways  on  each  side, 
but  at  Corbridge  the  singular  adjunct  occured  of  another  road  of  the 
same  width  running  alongside  at  the  west  of  the  paved  way.  This 
second  road  was  unpaved,  merely  gravelled.  Mr.  Coulson  was  led  by 
this  discovery  to  the  place  of  the  north  abutment  of  the  bridge,  which 
presented  itself  in  very  great  decay.  Only  the  core  remained,  all  the 
facing- stones  having  been  removed.  The  southern  abutment  was  already 


EXCAVATIONS  AT  CORBRIDGE.  1  9 

well  known,  and  the  occurence  of  the  northern  one  proves  the  general 
accuracy  of  Mr.  Maclauchlan's  conclusion  that,  whatever  might  be  the 
oiiginal  course  of  the  Tyne,  the  Roman  remains  would  probably%be 
found  crossing  its  present  course  obliquely.  Mr.  Coulson  has  also  cut 
through  the  station  wall  in  one  place,  and  in  digging  into  the  interior 
of  the  station  found  a  semicircular  apartment  with  something  like  a  seat 
round  it.  Dr.  Bruce  adds  that  the  church  is  almost  entirely  con- 
structed of  Eoman  stones,  which  occur  especially  in  the  tower.  At  the 
back  of  the  church  a  sculpture  of  the  boar  which  characterised  one  of 
the  legions  is  built  in,  and  an  altar  is  inserted  at  the  back  of  the  Hole 
Farm,  but  is  illegible.  Mr.  Gipps,  the  vicar,  has  antiquities  dug  up 
between  the  church  and  the  house  of  Mr.  George  Lowrey,  surgeon — 
part  of  an  inscription  and  part  of  an  altar.  Urns  and  bones  have  there 
been  found,  and  the  conclusion  that  here  was  the  cemetery  is  strength- 
ened by  a  headstone  which  Mr.  Lowrie  presents  to  the  society.  It  is 
inscribed. 

IVLIA.  MATjL,  .   , 
NA.  AN.  VI.  IVL. 

MARCELLINVS 
FILIAE  CAEISSIME. 

"  Julia  Materna,  aged  6  years.  Julius  Marcellinus  has  erected  this  stone 
to  his  most  dear  daughter."  A  person  of  the  name  of  Quintus  Elorius 
Maternus  occurs  on  an  inscription  found  at  Housesteads. 

Mr.  Clayton  is,  it  seems,  continuing  his  excavations  at  the  bridge  of 
Cilurnum.  Mr.  Maclauchlan  conjectured  that  this  bridge  also  went 
diagonally  across  the  stream.  The  recent  explorations  have  not  verified 
that  position ;  yet  the  archasological  surveyor  was  guided  by  sticks  in- 
serted when  the  water  was  low  by  Mr.  Elliot,  an  intelligent  fisherman, 
to  mark  the  sites  of  piers.  Dr.  Bruce  suggests  that  this  curious  dis- 
crepancy might  be  occasioned  by  the  fact  of  there  having  been  two  erec- 
tions of  differing  periods,  and  that  the  fisherman  had  got  some  sticks  in 
the  piers  of  one,  and  others  in  those  of  another.  To  this  person  the 
doctor  was  indebted  principally  for  the  plan  of  the  bridge  in  his  work  on 
the  Roman  "Wall.  He  laid  down  stone  by  stone  as  the  water  allowed 
him.  In  that  plan  the  bridge  does  not  present  a  diagonal  direction. 


20  GIFT  FROM  THE  "  THOMAS  BELL  LIBRARY." 


MONTHLY  MEETING,  5  JUNE,  1861. 
John  Fenwickj  Esq.,  V.P.,  in  the  Chair. 

DONATIONS  OF  BOOKS. — From  Lord  Londeslorough.  An  Illustrated  Cata- 
logue of  Antique  Silver  Plate  formed  by  Albert  Lord  Londesborough, 
now  the  property  of  Lady  Londesborough,  by  Frederick  AY.  Fairholt, 
F.S.A.  For  private  reference.  1860.  —  From  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries of  Scotland  Their  Proceedings,  Vol.  III.  Pt.  2,  1861.  —  From 
the  Rev.  J.  Everett.  Earnes's  Guide  to  Dorchester,  and  a  lithographic 
view  of  the  remarkable  Earth-works  at  Maiden  Castle,  about  two  miles 
distant  from  that  town. 

Gift  from  the  "  Thomas  Sell  Library.11 

The  members  are  agreeably  surprised  and  gratified  by  a  large 
and  unexpected  increase  to  their  stores — 100  volumes  having  been 
placed  on  their  table  by  the  family  of  the  late  Mr.  Thomas  Bell,  each 
volume  being  labelled  with  the  following  inscription  : — "  This  Volume, 
with  one  hundred  others,  from  the  '  Thomas  Bell  Library,'  is  presented 
to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  as  a  memorial 
of  the  late  collector's  interest  in  the  Society  from  its  foundation  to  his 
death." 

The  collection  is  in  a  great  measure  of  a  manuscript  character,  the 
labour  of  Mr.  Bell  himself,  and  comprises,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  sub- 
joined schedule,  matter  illustrative  of  very  varied  branches  of  the  topo- 
graphical and  domestic  history  of  Newcastle  and  the  North  of  England. 
The  collections  relative  to  the  Town  Moor  and  the  parish  of  St.  John's 
are  peculiarly  minute  and  interesting  to  the  Newcastle  antiquary.  Mr. 
Clayton  points  out  a  ludicrous  piece  of  latinity  relative  to  the  Powder 
Plot  in  the  Old  MS.  of  Latin  Discourses.  "Oratioin  Conjurationem 
Sulphuream  habita  in  Templo  B.  Marias,  Nov.  5,  1652." 

A  special  vote  of  thanks  was  carried  by  acclamation  for  this  interest- 
ing memorial  of  an  accurate  and  painstaking  lover  of  antiquarian  lore. 

A  list  of  the  volumes  presented  follows  : — 

NEWCASTLE. — St.  Nicholas'  Parish. — The  Church,  8vo,  2  vols.  —  The 
Burial  places  in  the  same  Church,  8vo.  —  Inscriptions  in  the  Church- 
yard, copied  by  T.  G.  Bell,  1832,  8vo.  —  Vicar  Smith,  8vo,  3  vols. 

St.  Johns  Parochial  Chapelry. — The  Church  and  Parochial  Chapelry, 
8vo,  4  vols.  —  The  Church,  small  4 to.  —  The  Burial-places  and  Grave- 
stones in  the  Churchyard,  1763,  folio.  --  Monumental  Inscriptions, 
8vo,  3  vols.  —  The  Pews,  4to.  —  The  Organ  and  Organist,  4to.  —  The 
Afternoon  Lectureship,  4to.  —  The  Sunday  Evening  Lectures,  4to.  — 
The  Sunday  Schools,  8vo.  —  The  Churchwardens,  Overseers,  and  other 
Officers  since  1 660,  with  Minutes  of  the  Vestry  Proceedings,  oblong.  - 
Church  Rates,  folio. 


GIFT  FROM  THE  "  THOMAS  BELL  LIBRARY."  21 

Dissenters'  Chapels. — Postern  Chapel,  8vo.  —  Clavering  Place  Chapel, 
8vo.  —  Groat  Market  Chapel  8vo. 

Miscellaneous. — Town  Moor,  8vo,  4  vols.  —  Catalogue  of  the  New- 
castle Theological  Library,  discontinued  1825,  8vo.  —  Two  copies  of 
the  Eev.  Tho.  Maddison's  Anniversary  Sermon  in  the  Trinity  Chapel, 
on  Monday,  7  Jan.  17GO,  8vo,  2  vols.  —  Musical  Festivals,  of  1778 
(4to),  1814,  1824,  8vo,  (one  vol.  marked  ''Concerts/')  6 vols.  —  Mem- 
oranda relative  to  the  Town,  8vo.  —  MS.  Report  of  the  Trial,  Watson 
v.  Carr,  1823  (for  Sykes's  print),  4to.  —  Imposition  of  a  County  Hate 
in  Newcastle,  4to.  — Visit  of  Wellington,  1827,  4to.  —  Corporation 
Mirror,  1829,  1832,  8vo.  —  Fever  in  Newcastle,  1803,  8vo.  —  J.  M. 
Bell's  Report  of  the  Newcastle  Poetic  Society,  >vo.  —  Lunardi's  Bal- 
loon Accident,  8vo.  —  An  old  MS.  of  Latin  Discourses  of  the  17th 
century,  and  copies  made  in  the  1  &th  century  of  some  of  the  Newcastle 
Charters,  8vo.  —  Proceedings  on  the  Death  of  the  Duke  of  York,  8vo. 

—  Radical  Monday,  1821,   8vo.  —  Sale  at  the  Mansion  House,  1836, 
8vo.  —  Athena3um  Report  of  the  Meeting  of  the  British  Association, 
1838,  4to.  — Newcastle  Elections,  1774  (including  Northumberland), 
1777-80,  1796  to  1820,  1812,  1818,  1820,  1826,  12  vols. 

NORTHUMBERLAND. — Northumberland  Poll  Books,  1747-8,  three  edi- 
tions, 4  vols.  —  Treacherous  Combination  Displayed,  or  a  Temporary 
Meal  for  the  Freeholders  of  Northumberland,  1775,  8vo.  —  Account 
of  the  Office  of  Sheriff  of  Northumberland,  8vo.  —  Northumberland 
Election,  1826.  —  Memoranda  relating  to  the  County,  8vo.  —  Lords, 
Knights,  &c.,  in  Northumberland  and  Durham,  who  compounded  for 
their  Estates,  8vo.  —  Index  of  Places,  &c.,  named  in  Horsley's  Map  of 
Northumberland,  8vo.  —  Alnwick  Castle  and  other  Poems,  New  York, 
1836,  8vo.  —  Liber  Feodarii,  from  the  Lawson  MS.  1584,  afterwards 
printed  by  Hodgson  in  his  Northumberland,  8vo.  —  Thomas  Bates' s 
Letter  to  the  Bishop  of  Durham  concerning  the  Sale  of  Ridley  Hall 
Estate,  1830,  8vo. 

DURHAM:. — Rules  for  Durham  Gaol,  1819,  4to.  —  Rules  for  Quarter 
Sessions  at  Durham,  1820,  4to.  —  Addenda  to  Surtees's  Durham,  4to. 

—  King   James's  Hospital,   Durham,   4to.  —  A  Sermon  preached  at 
"Whickham,    1732,   by  Taylor  Thirkeld,  M.A.,  on  Almsgiving,   New- 
castle,  8vo.  —  The  Act  for  Improving  the  Navigation  of  the  River 
Tees,  1808,  8vo.  —  Day's  Observations  on  the  Durham  and  Sunder- 
land  Railway,  8vo.  —  Messrs.  Dodd  and  Bell  on  the  River  "Wear,  1 794, 
1816,  small  4to.  —  Examination  of  Thomas  Jones,   Bankrupt,  late  a 
Partner  in  the  Wear  Bank,  8vo. 

MISCELLANEOUS. — Chapman's  Reports  on  the  Carlisle  Canal,  1818,  8vo. 

—  Dodd's  and  Chapman's  Observations  on  Railways,  &c.,  8vo.  —  Ac- 
count of  the  Cholera  in  the  North,  1832,  8vo.  —  Local  Poems  by  Frier 
and  Ferguson,  8vo.  —  Tho.  Charlton  Sykes's  Essay  on  the  Stage,  8vo, 
MS.  —  The  Battle  of  the  Bards,  in  Five  Poems,  with  Notes  by  Tho. 
Bell,  1802,  8vo,  MS.  —  Hints  for  a  better  Parochial  Registration,  by 
John  Bell,  MS.,  folio.  —  Dr.  Matt.  Stewart  on  the  Distance  of  the  Sun 
from  the  Earth,  Edinb.,   1763,  8vo.  — Jonathan  Thompson's  Political 


22    THE  TEMPERAMENT  AND  APPEARANCE  OF  ROBERT  BURNS. 

Tracts,  Newcastle,  1786-89.  8vo.  —A  Fiscal  MS.  of  J.  R.  Wilson,  8vo. 
—  Spirit  of  the  Times,  1801  ;  MS.  of  Epigrams,  &c.,  2  vols.  —  His- 
tory of  a  Tithe  Cause  tried  at  York,  1815,  between  the  Rev.  Reginald 
Bligh,  Rector  of  Romaldkirk,  and  John  Benson,  by  Bligh,  8vo.  — 
Montgomery  v.  Doubleday  &  Co.  1825,  8vo. 


ON  THE   TEMPERAMENT  AND  APPEARANCE   OF 
ROBERT    BURNS. 

BY    ROBERT    WHITE. 

IN  exhibiting  these  two  Autograph  Poems  by  Robert  Burns,  there  are 
some  observations  deduced  from  them,  which  I  would  bring  before  the 
notice  of  the  Society,  respecting  the  temperament  and  appearance  of 
the  Scottish  poet. 

In  every  case  of  comparison  there  are  exceptions  ;  but,  on  an  average, 
I  perceive  that  when  a  person  is  of  a  sanguine  temperament,  and  espe- 
cially of  a  florid  complexion,  his  handwriting  is  large  and  free,  and 
generally  it  will  be  seen  to  increase  in  size  and  be  flowing  if  his 
hair  have  a  light  reddish  tinge.  A  gain,  when  the  bilious  temperament 
prevails,  and  the  eyes  and  hair  assume  the  hue  of  the  raven's  wing,  we  see 
the  handwriting  tend  to  be  small,  stiff,  and  confined,  though  very  distinct 
in  all  its  parts.  We  have,  therefore,  between  these  classes,  and  parti- 
cipating in  them  less  or  more,  all  the  complexions  we  see,  and  hence 
the  infinite  variety  and  forms  of  handwriting. 

From  what  we  read  of  Robert  Burns,  we  learn  that  he  had  dark  eyes 
and  hair,  and  a  very  dark  complexion.  A  young  woman  observed,  that 
if  any  of  her  sex  were  seated  near  the  poet,  keeping  her  ears  shut  and 
her  eyes  open,  there  could  be  no  danger  of  her  falling  in  love  with  him. 
One  would  almost  be  induced  to  think  he  must  have  been  of  the  bilious 
temperament,  that  his  eyes  were  jet  black  and  he  had  crisp  black  hair. 
This  supposition,  however,  dees  not  agree  with  the  manner  and  form  of 
his  handwriting.  By  examination  of  these  specimens,  and  they  are 
even  written  in  a  smaller  character  than  others  I  have  seen  and  possess, 
it  will,  I  believe,  be  admitted  they  are  nothing  like  what  we  might 
expect  to  see  from  the  hand  of  a  bilious  man.  His  father  was  of  a 
dark  complexion  and  inclined  to  be  bilious,  but  his  mother  had  reddish 
hair  and  beautiful  dark  eyes.  Keeping,  therefore,  all  these  details  in 
view,  we  are  led  to  believe  that  Robert  Burns  was  not  of  the  bilious, 
but  of  the  sanguine  temperament,  although  approaching  so  near  to  the 
former,  that  it  might  be  almost  difficult  to  distinguish  whether  he  ac- 


THE  TEMPERAMENT  AND  APPEARANCE  OF  ROBERT  BURNS.     23 

tually  bordered  on  the  very  line  between  them.  His  eyes  therefore,  I 
presume,  were  not  clear  black,  but  of  deep  brown ;  his  hair  inclining 
to  a  yellow  tinge  in  his  infancy,  but  of  dark  auburn  as  he  advanced 
in  life,  and  his  complexion  agreeing  with  and  assimilating  to  these  ap- 
pearances. With  this  view  of  the  man  and  the  poet,  the  handwriting 
appears  to  be  in  perfect  keeping,  and  I  throw  out  the  opinion  that  it 
may  obtain  the  consideration  of  those  who  know  physiology,  and  are 
able  to  handle  a  subject  of  this  kind,  whereby  we  may  judge  more  ac- 
curately of  the  passions,  the  tendencies  and  the  genius  of  the  greatest 
of  all  our  Scottish  poets. 

I  am  not  in  this  place  prepared  to  refute  the  calumny  and  censure  from 
different  quarters  which  have  been  directed  against  the  memory  of  this 
most  remarkable  man.  His  failings  ought  rather  to  awaken  our  sympa- 
thy ;  for  when  we  consider  the  vital  influence  which  his  writings  have 
produced  upon  his  own  countrymen  and  others  over  the  wide  world,  I 
do  not  hesitate  to  regard  him  as  the  most  gifted  individual  of  his  day. 
"We  are  gainers  by  what  he  left  us  and  not  losers,  and  it  becomes  us  to 
be  grateful  for  what  he  accomplished.  Indeed,  he  has  himself  fur- 
nished the  best  reply  to  his  detractors  in  the  quantity  of  verse  he  pub- 
lished, both  in  poems  and  songs,  and  the  numerous  letters  he  wrote 
from  the  commencement  of  his  authorship  down  to  the  close  of  his  life, 
and  that  was  comprised  in  the  brief  course  of  only  about  ten  years. 
During  that  period  he  had  the  business  of  a  farm,  first  at  Mossgiel  and 
afterwards  at  Ellisland,  to  occupy  his  attention ;  while  at  the  latter 
place,  and  also  at  Dumfries,  he  had  the  responsible  duties  of  an  excise 
officer  to  perform  over  several  parishes.  This  he  accomplished  to  the 
approval  of  the  higher  authorities,  for  his  accounts  were  kept  in  such 
excellent  order,  that  it  is  said  old  Maxwell  of  Terraughty,  a  rigid  and 
determined  magistrate,  once  observed,  "Bring  me  Burns' s  books.  It 
always  does  me  good  to  see  them  :  they  show  that  a  warm,  kind-hearted 
man  may  be  a  diligent  and  honest  officer."  It  was  therefore  only  in 
his  leisure  hours  that  he  could  apply  himself  to  original  composition ; 
and  when  we  examine  what  he  produced  by  bulk  alone,  apart  from  the 
pith  and  spirit  he  infused  into  whatever  he  wrote,  we  feel  justified  in 
saying  that  no  dissolute  man  could  have  accomplished  an  equal  amount 
of  labour,  for  at  such  intervals  the  pen  must  have  been  scarcely  ever 
out  of  his  hand. 

[The  two  poems  exhibited  by  Mr.  White  have  been  printed.  One  is 
the  "Monody  on  Maria  E. ;"  the  other,  "  Country  Lassie."] 


24  WINSTON. 


WINSTON. 
Br  W.  HYLTON  DYER  LONGSTAFFE,  F.S.A. 

ME.  H.  M.  SCAETH,  of  15,  Bath  wick  Hill,  Bath,  having  called  my  at- 
tention to  the  head  of  a  Saxon  cross  at  "Winston,  and  sent  some  rough 
sketches  of  it,  and  facilities  having  since  been  kindly  afforded  by  the 
rector  for  rubbings  of  its  two  sides,  they  are  now  submitted  to  the 
Society.  The  stone,  which  was  lying  loose  in  the  churchyard,  has  been 
placed  for  safety  in  the  entrance  hall  of  the  Rectory-house. 

Independently  of  the  interest  of  its  ornaments,  wrhich  are  of  a  character 
unusual  in  this  part  of  the  country,  its  occurrence  at  Winston  is  topo- 
graphically important.  It  proves  beyond  all  question  the  early  exist- 
ence of  Christian  worship  at  the  place.  Winston,  as  a  name,  does  not 
occur  until  immediately  after  the  Conquest — but,  both  before  and  after- 
wards, we  have,  among  the  possessions  of  the  see  of  Durham,  the  name 
of  Heacliffe,  which,  whether  it  be  identical  with  a  still  earlier  Ileclif,  or 
not,  does  not,  for  historical  reasons,  seem  to  have  been  Cliffe,  in  York- 
shire, or  for  similar  reasons,  and  from  the  contemporary  occurrence  of 
Acleia  for  Aycliffe,  to  have  been  the  latter  place.  The  manor-house 
of  Winston  manor,  and  some  part  of  the  demesne  lands  are  document- 
arily  called  Heighly,  and  pronounced  Hikely,  and  with  Winston  or  this 
part  of  it,  Heacliffe  is  probably  to  be  identified. 

The  fragment  is  part  of  the  transverse  bar  of  an  upright  cross,  with 
a  border  of  beads,  probably  in  imitation  of  the  jewels  on  cruciform  orna- 
ments of  gold.  On  one  side,  is  a  circular  centrepiece,  also  beaded,  and 
the  appearance  of  a  stag  hunt,  two  stags,  a  dog,  and  perhaps  a  spear 
head  being  the  objects  visible.  The  edges,  which  are  not  shown  here, 
present  very  rude  knotwork.  On  the  other  side,  we  have  in  the  centre 
a  singular  group,  which  may  be  thought  to  resolve  itself  into  a  figure 
reclining  on  a  harrow  or  gridiron ;  if  the  latter,  St.  Lawrence  is  pro- 
bably indicated.  His  effigy  on  a  seal  from  a  brass  matrix  in  the  hands 
of  Mr.  Abbott,  of  Darlington,  marked  *  SAVNCTE  LAVEE^C.  is  produced 
for  comparison.  Near  him  is  a  bunch  of  the  conventional  grapes  so 
common  on  these  crosses,  and  thought  to  refer  to  the  true  vine,  and  at 
each  end  is  a  niche  with  a  figure.  Of  one  only  the  head  is  left ;  the 
other  is  perfect,  and  seems  to  be  praying  to  a  small  cross  of  St.  Andrew, 
which  is  curiously  incised  on  the  border  of  the  niche. 

It  is  a  coincidence,  possibly  nothing  more,  that  the  church  is  dedicated 
to  St.  Andrew.  The  hill  on  which  it  stands  seems  to  have  been  sliding 


sWKg*?^;3a 

*f3^3l?L?  ffc>"^ 


WINSTON.  25 

away  on  the  south  side,  as  the  appearance  of  a  priest's  door  is  above 
the  present  level.  The  church  has  recently  undergone  much  refacing 
and  alteration.  The  original  portions  left,  namely  some  Avails  of  the 
chancel,  and  the  piers  and  arches  which  open  into  the  south  and  only 
aisle  of  the  nave,  are  plain  work  of  the  second  half  of  the  twelfth  cen- 
tury. The  piscina  is  more  ornate.  It  is  a  trefoiled  niche,  the  cusps 
knobbed,  and  the  chamfered  moulding  ornamented  with  pellets  or  nut- 
meg ornaments.  The  western  bay  of  the  nave  is  marked  off,  by  the 
western  pier  being  of  double  thickness.  The  belfry  was  very  plain. 
It  had  two  bells  in  Edward  VI.7 s  time.  A.  picturesque  turret  has  now 
supplanted  it.  The  font  has  rude  sculpture  round  its  bowl,  possibly 
copied  in  comparatively  late  times  from  a  medley  of  Norman  and 
Mediaeval  originals.  There  are  fabulous  beasts,  foliage,  and  window 
tracery. 

In  the  south  wall  of  the  chancel  is  now  built  in  a  slab  of  the  thir- 
teenth century,  with  the  toothed  ornament  on  its  chamfered  edges.  I 
had  only  time  to  secure  a  rough  sketch  of  the  lower  part  of  the  cross, 
and  its  attendant  martlets  and  sword,  but  I  have  supplied  the  deficiency 
from  a  drawing  by  Mr.  "Walbran,  and  a  fair  idea  of  the  stone  will  be  had. 

Mr.  "Walbran  also  perpetuates  on  his  lithograph  (intended  for  his 
uncompleted  History  of  Gainford)  a  small  piece  of  Saxon  knotwork  like 
the  edge  of  a  cross,  which  I  did  not  notice. 

There  are  some  small  brasses,  of  which  rubbings  are  produced.  A. 
slab  at  the  east  end  of  the  south  aisle  bears  the  marks  of  a  civilian's 
effigy,  with  the  following  inscription  on  a  brass  label : — 

Of  yor  charite  pray  for  ye  Soulle  of  Richard  Mafon  ye  whyche 
defefyd  ye  ix  day  of  May  in  ye  yere  of  or  lord  M  v°  xxxij  oil 
whofe  Soulle  Jhu  pdon. 

In  the  chancel  is  an  earlier  label  of  brass,  engraved  by  an  ignorant 
or  careless  workman. 

Hie  iaeet  dns  Johes  purlles  cappllan9  qui .  obiet  xxvj  die  april 
A°  dni  M°  CCCO  Ixxxxviij". 

These  inscriptions  are  very  loosely  printed  in  the  county  histories. 
The  chaplain  probably  officiated  at  the  little  chapel  near  Heighley  Hall, 
of  which  the  last  remains  had  been  removed  before  Surtees's  publication. 

He  reports  that  the  following  brass,  which  now  lies  near  the  pulpit 
in  the  nave,  had  been  lately  discovered  in  an  old  lumber  chest  in  Win- 

VOL.  VI.  D 


26  CONTRACT   FOR  A  PRIVATE  COACH. 

ston  church.     There  are  peculiarities  in  its  engraving  not  noticed  by 
the  historian.     The  legend  is  in  small  capitals. 

Here  lieth  the  body  of  Mrsary  Dowthwhet  davghter  of  George 
Scroope  Esqvire  and  wife  of  JIr-Iolm  Dowthwhet  of  West- 
holme  who  in  Childbed  died  the  xxviijth  daye  of  November 
1606. 

The  inscription  laid  down  by  the  last  of  the  Dowthwaites,  which 
'Surtees  saw  on  a  coarse  stone  in  the  floor  of  the  nave,  and  which  in 
fact  now  lies  between  the  nave  and  south  aisle  in  a  broken  state,  is  only 
repeated  in  order  to  note  the  injuries  it  has  suffered  in  removing  the 
ceiling  of  the  nave,  for  the  substitution  of  an  open  roof  of  stained  deal. 
The  monument  is  interesting  from  the  impression  it  seems  to  have  made 
beyond  anything  else  in  the  church  on  the  gentle  mind  of  our  topo- 
grapher. The  pith  of  it  is  now  missing  or  hidden  from  view,  and  is 
supplied  in  brackets. 

[Here,  was  buryed  the]  Body  of  John  Dowthwaite  of  West- 
holme  Gen1  who  dyed  Septbr  [16,  1680,  aged  80  years. 

Here  lyeth  the  body  of  John  Dowthwaite  his  grandson,  who 
dyed  June  11,  1707,  aged  23  years,  5  months,  and  16  days, 
son  of  Barnard  Dowthwaite  of  Westholme,  Gent.,  now] 
liveing,  the  last  Heir  Male  of  ye  Familye  Owner8  of  West- 
holme  above  200  years. 

"Of  Barnard  himself,  who  was  buried  5  Jan.  1714,  uUimus  suorum, 
no  monumental  memorial  (says  Surtees)  is  left.  There  is  something 
plainly  and  coarsely  touching  in  the  epitaph  enumerating  the  years, 
weeks,  and  days  of  his  only  child's  existence;  something  speaking  even 
in  humble  life  of  extinguished  hope,  and  of  a  damp  mildewed  feeling 
of  the  total  extinction  of  the  race  of  respectable  yeomanry,  who  had 
f  been  owners  of  Westholme  above  200  years.'  " 


CONTKACT  FOR  A  PRIVATE  COACH. 

OUR  old  friend  ME.  JAMES  CLEPHAK,  with  kind  recollections  of  the 
retrospective  tendencies  of  his  Northern  friends,  has  addressed  the  fol- 
lowing note  to  the  Editor — "  Whilst  I  was  resident  in  Leicestershire, 
I  accompanied  some  friends  to  Beaumanor,  the  seat  of  "William  Perry 


CONTEACT  FOR  A  PRIVATE  COACH.  27 

Herrick,  Esq.,  on  Charnwood  Forest,  our  errand-in-chief  being  to  see  a 
family  coach  of  1740.  Mr.  Herrick  was  kind  enough  to  offer  me  a 
lithograph  of  this  curious  relic,  and  also  a  printed  copy  of  the  coach- 
maker's  contract  ;  and  as  I  was  already  in  possession  of  both,  I  said  so, 
and  proposed  to  him  that  I  might  place  his  copies  in  the  hands  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  in  Newcastle  ;  to  which  he  cheerfully  consented." 

To  Wm.  Herrick,  Esg*.  att  Beau  Mannor.   In  LougKbrough  Bag. 
Leicestershire. 

London  8ber  ye  28th  1740.—  Dr  Sir,—  I  carry'd  the  arms  Miss  Gage 
sent  to  the  coach  makers  and  the  other  side  is  the  charge  of  the  whole 
which  I  hope  you'l  like,  I  am  sure  I  have  done  as  if  it  had  been  my 
case  and  I  dare  say  the  man  will  finish  it  as  it  should  be  and  at  the 
time   he  promissed     ........     All  friends  here  joyn  in 

humble  love  to  you  &  all  friends,  and  I  am,  Dr  neighbour,  Yr8,  &°., 
C.  HAETOPP.  —  The  coach  maker  wants  to  know  the  colour  of  the  lineing. 


AN  ESTAMATE  OF  A  CoACH  TO  BE  MAJ)E   FOR  WM.  HAEEICK, 
BY  E.  Hi-ELEE. 

1710,  Octo  :  To  a  new  coach  to  be  made  with  the  best  seasoned  tim- 
ber, the  doors  to  be  arched,  the  body  to  be  neatly  runn,  the  ends  of  the 
bottom,  sides,  corner  pillars,  and  asticks  round  the  glasses  to  be  neatly 
carved,  colouring  and  varnishing  the  body  olive  colour,  painting  thereon 
a  sett  of  shields,  hightned  in  gold,  and  a  sett  of  armes,  and  crests,  cover- 
ing the  body  with  the  best  neats  leather,  the  vallons  whelted  and  drove 
in  archess,  to  be  lined  with  any  colour'  d  cloth  except  scarlett,  a  seat 
cloth  ye  same  of  the  lining,  a  woosted  triming  to  the  inside,  the  seats 
quilted  and  tufts  to  them,  2  door  glasses  and  canvasis  in  the  doors  also 
a  strong  sett  of  main  and  save  braces,  a  sett  of  cross  and  collar  braces, 
a  neat  carriage  carved  answerable  to  the  body,  and  a  strong  sett  of 
wheels,  colouring  the  carriage  and  wheels  bright  red  and  olive  colour, 
varnishing  them  with  vermillion,  gilding  the  shield,  and  painting  the 
crest  on  the  hind  cross  barr,  and  boxis  under  the  inside  seats,  all  to  be  com- 
pleted in  a  workmanlike  manner  for  seventy  three  pounds  ten  shillings, 
73£.  10«.  To  a  new  sett  of  splin  trees,  a  spear  barr  and  splin  tree,  a 
drage  chain  and  drage  staff,  and  straps  and  buckles,  ll.  16s.  To  a 
budget  to  hang  under  the  coachmans  seat,  a  hammer,  a  pair  of  pinchers, 
a  cold  chisell,  24  clouts,  12  linspins,  and  hurters,  and  200  of  clout 
nailes,  IL  12s.  To  4  new  harness  made  with  the  best  neats  leather,  a 
brass  plate  on  the  edge  of  housing,  crest  housing  plates,  brass  watering 
hooks,  starrs,  and  screwd  rings  to  ye  head  stalls  double  bard  bits  and  a 
sett  of  reins,  12/.  To  a  large  winscott  trunk  to  go  between  to  the  fore 
standard  plates,  handles,  and  a  lock  to  it,  ll.  2s.  To  a  new  cover  for 
the  coach  made  with  fine  barriss,  ll.  5s.  —  92Z.  5s. 


28      OLD  BARBER'S  BASIN. — JEDBURGH  FLAGS. 

MONTHLY  MEETING,  3  JULY,  1861. 
John  FenwicJc,  £sq.,  KP.,  in  the  Chair. 

DOXATIOK-S  or  BOOKS.  —  JBy  Mr.  0.  Roach  Smith.  His  Letter  on  Anglo- 
Saxon  Remains  discovered  recently  in  various  places  in  Kent.  —  From 
the  Rev.  C.  H.  Hartshorne.  His  Itinerary  of  King  Edward  the  Second, 
1861,  for  private  distribution.  — From  the  Archaeological  Institute.  The 
Archaeological  Journal,  No.  69,  1861.  —  From  the  Town  Surveyor. 
Reports  of  the  Town  Surveyor  and  the  Surveyor  of  Eoads,  Scavenging, 
and  Nuisances  of  Newcastle,  for  1859  and  I860.  Remarks  by  the  Town 
Surveyor  and  Inspector  of  Nuisances  on  an  article  in  the  "Builder," 
headed  "  Condition  of  our  chief  towns — Newcastle- on- Tyne." 

JEWISH  SHEKEL — The  Rev.  James  Everett  exhibits  a  shekel  of  the 
usual  types — the  pot  of  incense  and  Aaron's  budding  rod. 

FRENCH  MS.— Dr.  Charlton  exhibits  a  French  MS.  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  containing  the  Hours  of  the  Virgin  and  a  Legend  in  French  of 
>St.  Margaret.  The  border  is  of  gold  foliage,  with  small  subjects  occa- 
sionally introduced  among  it,  and  there  are  some  large  miniatures  of 
Tery  superior  execution. 

ASSEMBLY  ROOMS. — Dr.  Charlton  also  exhibits  the  original  broadside 
List  of  Proprietors  of  the  New  Assembly  Rooms,  at  Newcastle,  1787. 


OLD  BARBER'S  BASIN. 

THE  Society,  with  pleasant  reminiscences  of  Don  Quixote's  helmet, 
agrees  to  purchase  from  Mr.  John  Bell  a  fine  example  of  the  old  barber's 
basin,  composed  of  white  pottery  with  blue  flowering.  Mr.  Wheatley 
thinks  it  probable  that  the  necessity  of  washing  the  flowing  honours  of 
the  present  day  will  reintroduce  the  use  of  the  basin. 


JEDBURGH  FLAGS. 

Ma.  WHITE  produces  facsimiles  in  silk,  half  size,  of  three  flags  con- 
nected with  the  Weavers  of  Jedburgh,  and  preserved  in  the  museum 
there.  All  are  nearly  6  feet  long,  of  green  silk,  with  white  ornaments, 
and  all  have  the  addition  of  the  shuttle  of  the  craft.  One,  of  oblong 
shape,  with  a  thin  St.  Andrew's  cross,  and  a  rose  at  the  intersection  of 
its  limbs,  is  dated  1661.  Another,  of  pennon  shape,  has  St.  Andrew's 
cross  only,  and  is  said  to  have  been  at  the  battle  of  Killicrankie.  The 
third  is  also  decorated  with  the  same  cross,  and  in  spite  thereof,  and  in 
spite  of  its  colour,  bears  the  inscription: — "Taken  from  the  English 
at  Bannockburn,  1314." 


JACOBITE  RELICS.  29 


JACOBITE  RELICS  OF  1715  AND  1745. 
BY  EDWARD  CHARLTON,  M.D. 

CONSIDERING  the  important  part  played  by  the  gentry  of  Northumber- 
land in  the  rising  of  1715,  it  seems  strange  that  so  few  remains  of  that 
eventful  period  have  come  down  to  our  time.  In  truth,  however,  both 
parties,  that  of  the  Hanoverians  and  that  of  the  Stuarts,  were  anxious 
to  hide  from  the  public  eye  all  traces  of  that  year.  The  Jacobites  dared 
not  retain  about  their  houses  evidences  of  their  having  been  concerned 
in  the  plot  or  in  the  actual  warfare  that  ensued ;  and  hence  it  is,  that 
so  few  letters  or  documents  have  been  preserved  implicating  any  of  the 
Northumbrian  gentry  at  either  of  these  periods.  There  cannot,  how- 
ever, be  a  doubt  but  that  for  nearly  a  hundred  years  after  the  Revolu- 
tion of  1688,  several  of  the  country  gentlemen  of  Northumberland  kept 
up  more  or  less  correspondence  with  the  members  and  adherents  of  the 
exiled  family.  The  few  relics  of  the  period  above  alluded  to  that  we 
exhibit  this  evening  have  been  entrusted  to  us  by  the  relict  of  one 
whose  ancestors  were  always  devoted  adherents  of  the  Stuarts,  and 
one  of  whose  ancestors — the  individual  alluded  to  in  the  letter  we 
produce — took  an  active  and  prominent  part  in  the  rising  of  1715. 
These  objects  were  found  hid  away  in  a  lumber  room,  in  the  house  of 
Sandhoe,  whither  they  had  no  doubt  been  brought  from  Reedsmouth, 
the  seat  of  the  family  of  Charlton  of  the  Bower  and  Reedsmouth  from 
an  early  period.  The  family  is  descended  from  Hector  Charlton  of 
the  Bower,  who  in  the  sixteenth  century  set  at  defiance  the  interdict 
laid  upon  North  Tynedale,  for  the  raid  into  the  Bishopric  of  Durham. 

William  Charlton  of  the  Bower  and  Reedsmouth,  generally,  from  the 
first  named  possession,  known  as  Bowrie  or  Bourie,  took,  as  we  have 
said,  an  active  part  in  the  rising  of  1715.  He  was  afterwards  pardoned, 
but  this  was  not  the  first  time  that  Bowrie  had  been  in  trouble  with 
the  Government. 

On  the  21st  of  February,  1709,  he  quarrelled  with  Hemy  "Widdrington 
of  Bellingham  (?)  about  a  horse,1  as  there  was  a  horse-race  that  day  on  the 

1  In  these  times  the  penal  statute  by  which  no  papist  was  allowed  to  possess  a 
horse  of  tho  value  of  more  than  five  pounds  was  strictly  enforced.  In  1745,  Sir  Wil- 
liam Middleton  of  Belsay  seized  the  horses  at  Hesleyside ;  and  in  the  Leadbitter 
family  there  is  a  tradition  of  the  devices  resorted  to  to  preserve  a  valuable  horse  belong- 
ing to  the  then  owner  of  Warden.  The  horse  was  first  hid  in  the  wood  that  borders 
Homer's  lane,  but  having  been  heard  to  neigh  when  a  picket  of  soldiers  was  riding 
by,  it  was  thought  dangerous  to  leave  him  there.  He  was  accordingly  brought  back 
to  Warden,  and  was  lifted  by  cords  up  into  the  loft  above  the  cart-horse  stable,  and 
there  a  chamber  was  built  round  him  of  trusses  of  hay  and  straw.  His  neighing 
here  would  of  course  attract  no  attention,  unless  the  soldiers  were  actually  in  the 
stable. 


30  JACOBITE  RELICS. 

Doddheaps,  close  to  Bellingham.  They  adjourned  to  a  small  hollow  south 
of  the  Doddheaps  called  Reedswood  Scroggs,  and  which  we  can  remem- 
ber well  as  having  been  pointed  out  to  us  many  years  ago.  The  ash  trees 
in  that  fatal  hollow  had  not  then  been  cut  down ;  indeed,  they  were 
standing  till  within  a  few  years,  and  served  to  mark  the  spot.  Here  the 
combatants  fought,  and  Bowrie  slew  his  opponent.  He  is  said  by  one 
tradition  to  have  been  taken  "red-handed,"  as  William  Laidley  (aw?) 
of  Emblehope,  who  witnessed  the  fight,  hastened  to  the  Doddheaps,  and 
alarmed  the  people,  who  seized  the  offender.  We  are  inclined,  how- 
ever, to  believe  that  Bowrie  escaped  on  horseback,  and  that  same  night 
reached  the  residence  of  Nicholas  Leadbitter,  of  Warden  and  Wharmley. 
He  was  concealed  in  the  house  at  Wharmley,  and  walked  the  floor  all 
the  night  in  his  heavy  boots,  to  the  surprise,  and  no  doubt  somewhat 
to  the  annoyance,  of  his  host  and  his  family.  He  subsequently  obtained 
tha  pardon  of  Queen  Anne,  under  the  great  seal,  for  this  chance  medley  ; 
and  this  document  we  are  enabled  by  the  kindness  of  the  relict  of  the 
last  Charlton  of  the  Bower,  and  herself  a  Leadbitter  of  Warden,  to  ex- 
hibit this  evening.2  Widdrington's  body  was  buried  before  Charlton' s 
pew  door  in  Bellingham  church,  under  this  inscription,  now  hidden  by 
pew-work : — "  The  Burial  Place  of  Henry  Widrington  of  Butland,  Gen- 
tleman, who  was  killed  by  M.  William  Charlton  of  Eeedsmouth,  Feb- 
ruary 23rd  [21st?]  iu  the' Year  of  our  Lord,  1711."  [1709  or  1710?] 
It  is  said  that  on  this  account  Bowrie  would  never  again  enter  the  sacred 
edifice.  It  therefore  seems  that  Bowrie  was  probably  a  protestant,  or 
at  least  had  temporarily  conformed,  and  this  is  the  more  probable,  as 
we  find  in  Patten's  History  of  the  Rebellion  that  his  name  is  not  entered 
as  a  papist.  On  the  other  hand,  he  is  not  designated  a  protestant,  as  are 
the  other  "  rebels;"  so  we  may  fairly  conclude  that  Bowrie  had  no  religion 
at  all.  His  brother  Edward  is  said  by  Patten  to  have  recently  become  a 

2  The  crown  by  pardon  could  frustrate  an  indictment,  but  not  an  appeal  of  death, 
•which  was  the  private  suit  of  the  wife  or  male  heir  for  atonement  —  life  for  life. 
This  could  only  be  discharged  by  release,  and  Widdrington's  widow  must  have  been 
induced  to  discontinue  her  proceedings,  which  certainly  were  commenced  by  her. 
Matthew  Eobson  and  William  Robson,  two  yeomen  of  Bellingham,  were  pledges  for 
the  prosecution;  and  Marmaduke  Constable  of  Everingham,  co.  York,  bart.,  Thomas 
Handasyde  of  Pall  Mall,  co.  Middx.,  esq.,  Roger  Fenwicke  of  Dilstone,  co.  Nd.,  esq., 
and  Nevill  Ridley  of  Sohoe,  co.  Middx.,  esq.,  were  bail  for  Charlton.  There  was  a 
sort  of  reference  to  Bishop  Crew  to  examine  into  the  circumstances  and  report.  One 
of  the  records  in  the  action  of  appeal  states  that  William  Charlton,  of  Readsmouth, 
gent.,  was  attached  to  answer  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Henry  Widdrington,  gent.,  who  was 
wilfully  and  of  malice  aforethought  assaulted  and  murdered  by  Charlton  at  Belling- 
ham, at  the  hour  of  3  p.m.  on  the  twenty-first  day  of  February,  8  Anne,  [1709-10]. 
The  mortal  wound  was  given  near  the  left  pap  by  a  sword.  Death  immediately 
ensued,  and  Charlton  fled,  and  was  pursued  from  township  to  township  until  [he  was 
taken.]  The  papers,  which  are  incomplete,  are  among  the  Allgood  MSS. — Ed. 


I 


JACOBITE  RELICS.  31 

papist,  having  married  a  person  of  that  persuasion.  However  we  find 
that  Bowrie' s  lands  are  registered  as  a  catholic's  under  the  penal  statutes 
in  1723.  Be  this  as  it  may,  Bowrie  left  no  legitimate  issue,  and  the 
children  of  Edward  Charleton,  his  younger  brother,  succeeded  to  the 
estates.  Edward  Charleton  had  married  the  relict  of  Errington  of  Wai- 
wick  Grange,  originally  a  Miss  Dalton  of  Thurnham,  and  Bowrie  is  said 
to  have  been  anxious  that  his  illegitimate  daughters  should  be  brought 
up  under  her  care.  She  demurred  under  the  plea  that  that  they  were 
protestants  and  she  catholic,  but  Bowrie  told  her  to  make  them  what 
she  liked.  These  ladies  afterwards  lived  long  in  Hexham,  and  are  re- 
membered by  persons  yet  living.  They  continued  staunch  Jacobites  to 
the  very  last.  On  the  first  relaxation  of  the  penal  laws,  about  1780, 
King  George  III.  was  for  the  first  time  prayed  for  publicly  in  the  ca- 
tholic chapels  in  England.  The  instant  his  name  was  mentioned,  the 
Miss  Charletons  rose  from  their  seat  and  moved  out  of  the  chapel,  and 
this  they  continued  to  do  all  their  lives.  We  know  not  who  were  the 
friends  by  whose  intercession  Bowrie  obtained  his  pardon  from  Queen 
Anne.  It  is  probable  that  the  occurrence  was  regarded  in  the  light  of 
a  mere  brawl,  and  tradition  gives  us  as  one  of  the  circumstances  strongly 
urged  in  his  favour,  that  alter  Widdrington  had  fallen,  he  threw  his 
own  cloak  over  the  dying  man  before  he  rode  away  from  the  scene. 

"We  next  hear  of  Bowrie  as  engaged  in  the  rising  of  1715,  but  the 
details  of  his  exploits  on  that  occasion  have  not  come  down  to  us.  He 
behaved,  it  is  said,  bravely  at  Preston,  but  we  do  not  know  when  he 
was  relieved.  In  1745,  Bowrie  was  imprisoned  as  one  suspected  of  fa- 
vouring the  Stuarts.  It  is  said  that  this  was  done  by  his  own  friends 
to  keep  him  out  of  mischief,  for  he  must  then  have  been  well  advanced 
in  years.  We  produce  the  original  warrant  for  his  commitment,  signed 
by  Cuthbert  Smith,  then  Mayor  of  Newcastle,  and  dated  November  1st, 
1745.  Bowrie  no  doubt  felt  his  imprisonment  keenly,  and  did  his  best 
to  obtain  his  release.  He  seems  to  have  applied  to  Collingwood  of  Chir- 
ton  for  this  purpose,  and  we  produce  that  gentleman's  autograph  an- 
swer, regretting  his  inability  to  do  anything  for  him. 

Dear  Sir — I  recd  the  favour  of  yours  with  no  small  concern,  and  am 
very  sensible  how  uneasy  your  confinement  must  make  you.  I  should 
be  glad  if  it  were  in  my  power  to  put  an  end  to  it  by  admitting  you  to 
bail,  and  hoped  the  transmitting  above  such  informations  against  you 
as  had  come  to  my  knowledge,  together  with  your  own  examination, 
might  have  procured  leave  to  bail  you  ;  but,  instead  of  that,  the  Duke 
of  Newcastle  told  us  in  his  answer  that  it  was  not  proper  to  admitt  you 
to  bail  I  own  I  thought  that  answer  cruel,  unless  it  were  occasioned 
by  some  further  charge  against  you,  which  you  must  be  the  best  judge 


32  JACOBITE  KELICS. 

whether  probable  or  not.  As  you  stand  committed  by  the  Mayor  of 
Newcastle,  the  Bench  of  Northumberland  cannot  aid  you,  and  as  the 
Mayor  is  acquainted  with  the  Duke  of  Newcastle's  directions,  I  am  apt 
to  think  he  will  not  act  contrary  to  them.  I  will,  however,  communi- 
cate your  letter  to  him,  and  do  you  all  the  service  I  am  able,  but  am 
afraid  that  you  must  apply  to  the  Duke  of  Newcastle  for  leave  for  the 
Mayor  to  bail  you  before  that  step  can  be  taken 

This  is  the  trew  state  of  your  case,  which  I  thought  it  not  improper 
to  make  you  acquainted  with,  that  you  might  be  apprized  I  want  powrer 
more  than  inclination  to  relieve  you ;  for  as  I  wish  and  hope  you  will 
prove  innocent,  I  hereby  sympathize  with  you  in  your  suffering,  and 
am,  as  I  always  have  been — Dear  Sir — Your  real  friend  and  humble 
servt.,  ED.  COLLINGWOOD. — Chirton,  June  (?)  12,  1746. 

Prom  this  time  we  do  not  learn  much  of  him,  save  what  has  come 
down  by  tradition  of  his  rough  and  roystering  disposition.  In  1736, 
James  Tone,  steward  at  Hesleyside,  writing  to  Edward  Charleton  of 
Hesleyside,  who  had  then,  on  the  death  of  his  father,  succeeded  to  that 
property,  speaks  thus  of  Bowrie.  "We  have  preserved  the  remarkable 
orthography  of  the  letter  : — 

"  Bowrry  Charlton  wass  all  wayes  vearry  a-Bousiffe  and  scornfull 
man  to  my  Master — and  would  a  made  him  foudelled  and  sould  him 
deare  Bargains  and  abused  him  when  he  had  done." 

No  doubt  the  old  squire  was  rough  and  rude,  and  fond  of  his  cups. 
Among  the  articles  we  exhibit  to-night  is  a  Venice  glass,  of  which  there 
were  several  at  Sandoe  House,  with  a  rose  and  oak  leaf  engraven  on 
the  bowl.  Between  these  is  a  single  star,  to  which,  when  the  King's 
health  was  given,  the  loyal  Jacobite  placed  his  lips,  and  drank  his 
Majesty's  health  "under  the  rose."3  Another  glass,  of  which  but  very 
few  now  remain,  has  Prince  Charles's  head  and  bust,  with  the  motto 
"  Audentior  Ibo."  Another  huge  Venice  glass  has  on  it  the  inscription, 
" Pero,  take  your  advantage"  which  may  however  have  been  only  a 
drinking  word  of  the  old  squire's.  No  doubt  Bowrie,  after  his  release, 
continued  to  cherish  the  memory  of  the  Stuarts,  and  perhaps  to  plot  a 
little  in  their  favour  when  an  opportunity  occurred.  Nothing  was  more 
likely  than  that  he  and  his  family  should  love  to  collect  memorials  of  the 
Stuarts,  and  accordingly  we  show  a  mull,  dated  1745,  with  the  inscrip- 
tion, "  Oh  Charlie,  ye've  been  lang  a  cummin !"  a  pair  of  the  well 
known  Jacobite  silk  garters,  woven  probably  at  Lyons,  with  the  inscrip- 

3  The  star  is  exactly  under  a  large  full-blown  rose,  which  doubtless  symholises  the 
claimant  of  the  crown  himself.  There  are  two  buds,  greater  and  lesser,  on  the  same 
branch,  perhaps  intended  for  Prince  Charles  and  the  Cardinal  of  York. 


JACOBITE  RELICS.  33 

tlOn,     "  COME    LET   US    WITH  01STE    HEAHT   AGKEE TO    PEAT   THAT   GOD   MAY 

BLESS  P.  c. ;"  and  a  pincushion  bearing  the  names  of  the  victims  of  1746 
on  the  Jacobite  side.4  We  suspect  these  pincushions  to  have  been  like- 
wise made  at  Lyons,  or  somewhere  abroad. 

The  last  relic  connected  with  these  times  that  we  have  to  show  is  a 
letter  written  evidently  by  a  conspirator,  and  couched  in  the  most  am- 
biguous terms.  The  original  is  directed  to  Mr.  William  Bell,  super- 
visor, Hexham ;  but  there  can  be  little  or  no  doubt  but  that  it  was 
intended  for  no  such  servant  of  King  George,  as  the  individual  addressed 
in  the  letter  itself  is  termed  Dr.  Cambray.  This  was  no  doubt  a  nom 
de  guerre,  and  we  have  no  means  of  knowing  who  was  the  Pontifex 
Maximus.  Nor  do  we  believe  that  Wylam  is  the  real  place  spoken  of 
as  the  place  of  meeting  appointed. 

Dr  Cambray, — I  had  yours,  and  nothing  could  give  greater  pleasure 
than  to  hear  that  our  generous  and  worthy  friend  Bowrie  is  still  able  to 
bend  a  Bicker.  Long  may  he  live  to  teem  a  Cog,  and  (while  he  dis- 
dains the  little  superficial  formalitys  of  our  modern  Gentry  or  those  that 
would  be  thought  such)  to  receive  his  friends  with  the  old  undisguised 
and  Gentlemanlike  hearty  welcome. 

The  proposal  he  made  concerning  Carmichael  is  of  a  piece  with  the 
general  ten  our  of  his  benevolent  sentiments  towards  the  honest  or  indi- 
gent part  of  mankind. 

When  he  takes  his  flight  from  among  your  Northumbrian  mountains 
towards  the  Elysian  fields,  he'll  scarcely  leave  a  fellow.  Nor  am  I  so 
partial  to  the  Calidonian  hills  as  to  believe  they  ever  produced  a  man  of 
more  honr  and  honesty. 

*  Of  white  satin  with  hlue  tassels  at  the  corners.  The  inscriptions  are  printed  from 
copper- plates,  and  the  names  run  in  circles  round  a  centre,  in  which  is  a  douhle  rose 
displayed,  and  the  inscription  round  it,  MART  :  FOB  :  K  :  &  cou :  1746  :• — (Martyred 
for  king  and  country,  1746.) 

/      Inner  -5%.~Earl  Kilmamock.      Earl  Derwentwater.      Ld.   Lovat,      Ld. 
/    Balmorino. 

Second- Ring. — T.  Deacon.    Syddale.   T.  Chadwicke.    G.  Fletcher.   J.  Berwick. 
Ja.  Bradshaw.     J.  Dawson. 

Third  Ring. — P.  Taylor       P.  Lindsey.      A.  Kennedy.      J.  McGregor.      A. 
Parker.     P.  Keir.     L.  Read.      The  Revd.    T.  Coppock.     T.  Park.      A.  Blyde. 
Outer   Ring. — J.    McGenis.      J.  Thompson  Murray.      Mayrie.      Sevenson. 
McDonald.     Dempsey.    Connolly.     Endsworth.     Sparks.     Horn.     D.  Morgan, 
Esqr.     C.  Gorden.     McKenzie.     J.  McClain. 

/      Inner  Ring. — Col.  Townley.    Sir  L.  "Wederhurn.    Sir  A.  Primrose.    F.  Buch- 
annan,  Esqr.     I.  Hamilton,  Esqr. 

Second  Ring. — M.  Deliard.    C.  Gorden.     Cap.  McDonald.    Cap.  Wood.    Cap. 
Leith.     Cap.  Hamilton.     Dan.  M.  Daniel. 

Third  Ring. — I.  Wallis.     Henderson.     I.  McNaughton.     I.  Roehothom.     H. 
Cameron.     I.  Innis.    I.  Harvie.    D.  Fraizer.    B.  Mayson.      Donald  M'Donald. 
Outer  Rmff.—'£hQ  Revd.  R.  Lyon.    Rol.  Clavering.    G.  Reid.    Eaton.    Heys. 
Brady.     Ogilvie.     Roper.     Brand.    Swan.    Holt.     Hunter.    Mitchel.    Nichol- 
\  eon.     Matthews.     Hint. 

VOL.  VI.  E 


34  JACOBITE  'RELICS. 

Carmichael  is  a  good  honest  lad,  but  infected  with  that  damned  Scots 
disease  never  to  spare  his  [property?],  or  his  purse  where  friendship  or 
necessity  calls.  Notwithstanding,  he  has  three  callants  will  receive  no 
arguments  instead  of  a  dinner,  and  the  good  wife,  a  yell  [?]  Kid  in  her 
Killting ;  so  that  if  the  aifair  could  he  carried  on,  I  would  willingly 
contribute  my  mite,  but  I  want  courage  to  beg  for  a  Countryman. 

If  you  see  Bowrie  offer  him  my  warmest  good  wishes,  which  extends 
to  the  tenth  generation  after  him.  Accept  the  same  for  the  bairns,  espe- 
cially Bessy  Bell,  for  I  have  had  none  to  talk  nonsense  to  since  she  left 
me.  Tell  her  Madam  Badrous  has  a  pair  of  bonnie  bairns,  and  swears 
revenge  on  her  for  diserting  her  office,  as  she  was  formerly  nurse.  Make 
my  compliments  to  her  Ladyship  with  all  the  havings  you  have,  and 
believe  me  to  be  with  paternal  as  well  as  pastoral  affection,  Dr  Cam- 
bray,  Yours  while — PONT.  MAX.  —  From  the  face  of  the  Deep  Waters, 
July  1 7th,  1750. 

P.S.  I  almost  dayly  see  men  from  South  and  North,  intirely  strangers 
to  the  habitation  of  the  Young  Goodman  of  Bellnagih :  only  they  tell 
me  his  father  alone  knows  where  he  is,  assures  them  he  is  well,  and  de- 
sires they  may  be  content  and  ask  no  more  questions.  Tom  of  Lubeck 
is  here  from  Lond :  and  greets  you  kindly  in  the  covenant ;  he  intends 
to  kiss  your  hands  at  Wylam  Sunday  comes  a  week,  where  I  must  at- 
tend the  conclave,  but  if  he's  diverted  by  his  friends  I  shall  give  you 
notice.  Mention  the  honest  Bp.  to  Bowrie ;  he  was  once  his  guest 
upon  the  Bellingham  tramp.  [Address.^ — To  Mr.  AVm.  Bell,  Super- 
visor, Hexham. 

The  character  of  Bowrie  here  given  is  in  all  probability  a  tolerably 
correct  one.  The  writer  hints  at  his  somewhat  rough  and  unpolished 
manners,  but  bears  testimony  to  his  good  heart.  The  allusion  to  the 
"  Young  Goodman  of  Bellnagih "  is  evidently  meant  for  the  Young 
Prince  Charles,  by  the  old  Stuart  soubriquet  of  the  "  Gudeman  of  Bal- 
lengeich."  It  would  have  been  curious  indeed  if  we  could  have  ob- 
tained a  report  of  what  was  discussed  at  the  conclave  at  "Wylam,  but  no 
short-hand  writer  was  present  at  these  secret  meetings  to  take  down  the 
dangerous  words  uttered  or  the  treasonable  toasts  drank  by  the  Jacobite 
squires  of  Northumberland. 


ECCLESIASTICAL  VESTMENTS. 

DB.  CHAKLTON  has  exhibited  a  priest's  chasuble  of  the  modern  open- 
sided  form,  rounded  at  the  foot  of  both  front  and  back,  and  the  accom- 
panying stole  and  maniple.  They  belonged  to  the  Brandlings,  and 
when  that  family  broke  up  their  residence  at  Felling,  were  purchased 
by  Mr.  Michael  Dunn  of  Salt  well.  They  are  chiefly  composed  of 


ECCLESIASTICAL  VESTMENTS.  35 

some  older  vestment  of  velvet,  probably  crimson  once,  but  now  of  a 
light  brown  colour,  on  which  are  sewn  religious  badges,  all  of  the  same 
peculiar  device.  It  consists  of  a  full-blown  pink  rose,  displayed 
and  slipped.  The  flower  is  bordered  with  silver,  and  its  circular 
centre  is  of  silver  and  gold  thread,  in  which  the  gothic  monogram  of  the 
virgin,  JM  ift,  occurs.  From  this  centre  springs  a  second  stalk  ending 
in  a  white  flower  seen  in  profile,  the  petals  of  which  hang  over  the  top 
of  the  rose  and,  near  the  centre,  are  fringed  with  black,  presenting  a 
sort  of  series  of  ermine  spots.  The  centre  itself  is  worked  with  tlj'c  in 
gold  thread  and  is  surmounted  by  rays.  As  the  work  seems  older  than 
the  introduction  of  the  passion  flower  from  America,  the  flower  may  be 
presumed  to  be  a  lily. 

The  back  of  the  chasuble  is  decorated  with  a  large  Latin  cross  of  silk 
and  silver  embroidery.  It  probably  contains  portions  of  two  orfrays. 
The  centre  limb  contains  single  saints,  under  debased  tabernacle  work. 
1.  (St.  James  the  less?)  His  right  hand  holds  a  short  raguly  staff,  pro- 
bably intended  for  a  club.  2.  A  virgin.  3.  St.  Bartholomew  with  his 
flaying  knife. — In  the  arms  of  the  cross  are  couples  of  saints,  clumsily 
drawn  and  worked,  standing  between  twisted  pillars,  which  have  sup- 
ported canopies  now  cut  away.  1,  2.  St.  Matthias  or  St.  Bartholomew 
with  a  hatchet  shaped  knife,  and  St.  James  the  Great  (?)  with  a  sceptre- 
like  top  of  a  staff,  of  the  same  colour  as  the  robe,  and  probably  intended 
to  pass  over  it.  3,4.  St.  John  t  the  Evangelist,  young,  goldenhaired, 
and  beardless,  without  emblem,  but  with  the  right  hand  uplifted  as  if 
accompanying  an  address;  and  St.  Peter,  who  holds  his  key.  The 
faces  of  the  these  four  figures  are  left  in  the  canvass,  not  worked  with 
silk  as  those  in  the  long  limb.  They  seem  to  have  come  from  a  dif- 
ferent vestment. — The  short  front  of  the  chasuble  has  only  a  centre 
row  of  figures,  similar  to  those  in  the  centre  row  of  the  back.  1.  A 
virgin.  2.  A  virgin  holding  a  book.  3.  St.  Andrew  with  his  cross. 

The  maniple  and  stole  have  been  remounted  and  bordered.  They 
only  exhibit  portions  of  the  velvet  and  badges,  with  small  crosses  of 
dark  brown  velvet  stuck  upon  their  ends. 

Dr.  Chaiiton  has  .also  submitted  to  the  Editor  two  other  modern 
chasubles,  not  requiring  any  notice  of  their  principal  textures,  which 
are  quite  recent,  but  containing  crosses  formed  of  old  orfrays.  In 
one  of  them  the  workmanship  much  resembles  that  found  in  the 
chasuble  exhibited.  In  the  upright  limb  of  the  cross  are  saints.  One 
bears  the  Agnus  Dei  (St.  John  Baptist)  j  another,  young  and  yellow- 
haired,  carries  a  chalice  in  his  right  hand,  and  blesses  with  his  left. 
There  is  something  like  a  black  insect  in  the  cup.  If  it  were  a 


36  ECCLESIASTICAL  VESTMENTS. 

spider  it  is  the  emblem  of  St.  Herbert,  Bishop  and  Confessor ;  but  the 
face  reminds  one  of  the  representations  of  St.  John  Evangelist,  who 
carries  a  cup  with  a  winged  serpent  issuing  from  it.  Besides,  the 
attire  is  not  that  of  a  bishop,  and  the  juxtaposition  demands  an  apostle 
or  superior  saint.  Probably  the  indications  now  seen  are  the  fastenings 
of  a  serpent  sewn  on  and  now  lost. 

From  the  next  saint,  more  elderly,  the  left  hand  and  any  emblem 
has  decayed.  At  the  foot  is  St.  Peter  with  his  key.  In  the  limbs  of 
this  cross  are  two  figures  facing  each  other,  and  without  nimbi.  One  in 
a  plain  open-sided  gown  like  a  modern  chasuble,  lined  with  ermine,  and 
in  a  high  mitre-like  cap  of  ermine,  is  in  a  dictatorial  self-satisfied 
attitude.  The  other  places  his  hand  upon  his  breast  submissively, 
and  wears  a  gown  short  in  front,  and  a  sort  of  short  sleeve  appears  only 
on  the  left  arm.  This  last  figure  wears  a  hat,  turned  up  in  front.  The 
faces  of  all  these  figures  are  principally  the  linen  foundation.  The 
Pharisee  and  the  Publican  of  the  parable  appear  to  be  the  persons  re- 
presented. 

In  the  orfrays  hitherto  noticed,  the  foundation  is  mostly  covered 
with  silk  stitches.  Gold  and  silver  threads  are  sparingly  introduced, 
except  as  the  back-grounds  on  which  the  saints  are  placed.  The  archi- 
tecture is  clumsy.  The  next  cross  of  orfrays  is  probably  much  earlier. 

The  foundation  is  of  silk— now  a  pale  pink — and  on  this  the]  designs, 
cut  out  of  other  silk,  are  sewn.  The  outlines  and  fibres  of  the  leaves 
and  stalks  which  run  like  a  diaper  over  the  back  ground — are  of  gold 
and  silver  tambour,  and  spangles  are  introduced  to  form  quasi-flowers. 
Gold  and  silver  tambour  is  also  extensively  used  in  the  nimbus  and 
other  parts  of  each  figure,  and  composes  the  black-letter  inscriptions  on 
scrolls  which  surmount  the  figures  in  lieu  of  tabernacle  work.  Each 
figure  is  on  a  kind  of  throne  placed  on  a  green  turf  sprinkled  with 
flowers.  The  legends  are  indifferently  spelled  and  some  of  them  are 
much  mutilated  by  the  cutting  up  of  the  orfrays  to  fit  them  into  their 
present  position.  The  three  down  the  central  limb  read  Ad  dextram  dei 
pair — omnipotent!  inde  uen — turns  est  iu.  uivos  et — portions  of  the  creed : 
— •  "  Ascendit  ad  ccelos,  sedet  ad  dexteram  Dei  Patris  omnipotentis. 
Inde  venturus  est  judicare  vivos  et  mortuos."  At  the  foot  of  this  limb 
is  a  portion  of  a  scroll,  which  contained  the  sentence  relating  to  Pilate, 
[su]i  pon[tio~].  Of  the  scrolls  around  the  figures  in  the  arms  of  the 
cross  too  little  is  seen  to  warrant  an  application  of  the  remaining  letters? 
but  their  style  is  precisely  the  same  as  that  of  the  others.  The  figures 
are  dressed  in  robes  of  blue,  spangled  with  stars,  and  of  course  represent 
Persons  of  the  Trinity,  but  no  nimbus  contains  any  cross.  The  figure 


LINHOPE  CAMP.  37 

under  the  second  of  the  above  scrolls  is  aged,  and  'plainly  is  intended 
for  God  the  Father.  His  right  hand  is  wanting,  and  his  face  is  turned 
to  the  dexter.  The  others  all  look  to  the  sinister. 

Since  submitting  the  above  vestments,  Dr.  Charlton  has  exhibited 
another  chasuble,  the  property  of  his  brother,  at  Hesleyside.  It  is  also 
of  the  modern  form,  but  is  framed  out  of  one  probably  more  ancient 
then  any  of  those  already  described.  Its  designs  are  of  gold  thread 
sewn  upon  crimson  velvet — both  very  bright  and  beautiful — but,  if  they 
have  been  cleaned  and  resewn,  they  must  have  been  done  so  before  the 
cutting  down  into  the  present  shape,  as  the  mutilation  of  the  pattern 
by  the  last  process  is  only  too  apparent.  The  principal  design  is  the 
Virgin  and  Child  supported  by  angels,  within  a  glory.  Beneath  this 
is  the  lily  of  the  Virgin  in  a  pot.  The  field  is  strewn  with  devices  of 
very  common  occurrence  on  mediaeval  vestments,  and  of  the  styles  figured 
by  Mr.  Hartshorne,  in  his  papers  on  English  Mediaeval  Embroidery,  in 
the  Archaeological  Journal.  They  are  four- winged  cherubim  on  wheels, 
double-headed  eagles,  and  fleurs-de-lis,  freely  and  beautifully  conven- 
tionalized. This  precious  relic  formerly  belonged  to  the  family  of 
Hodgson  of  Tone  Hall,  near  Bellingham.  Two  of  the  male  members  of 
this  house  were  out  in  the  Eebellion  of  1715,  and  two  of  the  daughters 
acted  as  aides-de-camp  to  the  Earl  of  Derwentwater's  force. 


LINHOPE  CAMP. 
PROM  MR.  WM.  COULSON  TO  ME.  CLAYTON. 

A  WONDERFUL  camp  it  is  —  surrounded  with  two  walls,  The  outer 
wall  is  about  10  feet  thick,  and  the  inner  one  about  5  feet.  In  the  in- 
terior of  the  camp  are  a  great  number  of  circular  dwellings.  These 
dwellings  have  two  entrances  generally,  one  facing  the  east  and  the 
other  the  west ;  the  entrance  to  the  east  being  flagged  for  6  or  8  feet 
inwards,  and  the  rest  of  the  dwelling  laid  with  large  stones  and  covered 
over  with  gravel  or  small  stones.  About  the  sides  is  a  little  elevation 
as  if  for  sitting  or  sleeping  on.  "What  is  very  remarkable,  we  have  not 
been  able  to  discover  any  traces  of  fire  in  any  of  these  dwellings.  "We 
have  opened  four  or  five  of  them.  There  appears  to  be  an  arrangement 
of  dwellings  on  the  east  and  north  sides  of  the  walls  of  a  different  shape. 
In  some  of  them  we  have  discovered  traces  of  fire — charred  wood — 
and  in  one  of  them  some  broken  pottery  of  a  very  coarse  kind.  We 
have  found  two  querns  of  extremely  rude  make,  but  not  perforated. 
One  of  them  is  sandstone,  and  must  have  been  brought  from  some  dis- 


38  THE  HOSPITALS  OF  GREATHAM, 

tance,  as  there  is  no  sandstone  near  this  place.  We  have  four  gateways, 
but  not  opposite  each  other,  and,  curiously  enough,  guard-houses  inside 
of  each  gateway,  the  same  as  in  Roman  camps,  hut  of  the  most  rude 
kind.  There  are  gateways  both  in  the  inner  and  outer  circles,  and 
guard-houses  to  all  of  them.  At  about  200  yards  to  the  east  of  the 
above  camp  is  another  group  of  dwellings,  and  arranged  in  the  same 
manner :  and,  a  little  to  the  north-east,  about  300  yards  on  the  side  of 
a  hill,  is  another  stronghold  with  the  dwellings  arranged  and  defended 
much  in  the  same  manner.  There  are,  also,  a  great  many  inclosures,  of 
several  acres,  which  no  doubt  have  been  for  the  keeping  of  cattle.  In- 
deed, for  upwards  of  three  quarters  of  a  mile  to  the  east,  inclosures  can 
be  traced  out.  We  have  opened  two  three  small  barrows,  but  found 
nothing. — Linhope,  July  1st.,  1861.  [The  excavations  are  at  the  cost 
of  the  Duke  of  Northumberland,  and  occupy  the  more  immediate  atten- 
tion of  the  Berwickshire  Naturalists'  Field  Club.] 


THE  HOSPITALS  OE  GREATHAM,  GATESHEAD,  AND 
BARNARDCASTLE. 


the  curious  collections  relating  to  Sherburn  Hospital  which  are 
printed  in  the  Allan  Tracts,  is  a  Royal  Commission  issued  13  Nov.  35 
Eliz.  (1593)  to  the  Earl  of  Huntingdon,  the  Bishop  of  Durham,  Tho- 
mas Calverley,  chancellor  of  Durham,  the  Dean  of  Durham,  Sir  "William 
Hutton  and  John  Selby,  knights,  Robert  Taylboys,  Henry  Anderson, 
the  Archdeacon  of  Durham,  the  Chancellor  to  the  Bishop,  Clement  Col- 
mor  and  Thomas  Burton,  doctors  of  laws,  John  Clopton,  Robert  Bowes, 
jun.,  and  George  Erivel,  esquires  ;  three  to  be  a  quorum.  The  Queen 
has  heard  that  many  colleges,  hospitals,  almshouses,  and  other  rooms 
and  places  in  her  realm,  founded  for  the  charitable  relief  of  poor,  aged, 
and  impotent  people,  are  decayed  and  impoverished  ;  and  that  the  pos- 
sessions and  revenues  thereof,  and  other  lands,  money,  and  chattels 
given  for  other  like  good  and  charitable  uses,  are  unlawfully  and  un- 
charitably converted  to  the  private  lucre  of  some  few  greedy  persons. 
She  is  moved  with  godly  zeal  to  have  all  such  poor,  aged,  and  impotent 
people,  and  especially  soldiers  and  mariners  who  have  been  or  may  be 
maimed  in  the  wars  for  maintenance  of  true  religion  and  defence  of  her 
and  their  native  countries,  relieved  and  maintained.  She  has  a  princely 
care  that  those  colleges,  hospitals,  and  almshouses,  and  those  lands, 


GATESHEAD,  AND  BARNAKD  CASTLE.  39 

moneys,  and  chattels  shall  be  employed  according  to  the  meaning  of  the 
givers,  and  all  enormities  reformed.  She  empowers  the  commissioners 
to  hold  inquisition  by  verdict  of  twelve  or  more  lawful  men,  and  exam- 
ine evidences  and  administer  oaths  to  witnesses,  and  to  certify  into 
Chancery.  She  commands  her  sheriff  of  the  Bishoprick  of  Durham  to 
cause  the  appearance  of  honest  freeholders  of  his  bailiwick  by  whom  the 
truth  may  be  known.  But  the  commission  is  not  to  extend  to  any  col- 
leges, halls,  or  houses  of  learning  within  Cambridge  or  Oxford,  concern- 
ing their  order  or  government,  save  as  what  lands  or  profits  have  been 
given  thereto  for  the  maintenance  or  relief  of  almspeople  or  such  poor 
people,  or  amending  of  bridges  or  highways,  or  for  exhibition  or  main- 
tenance of  poor  scholars. 

The  following  is  a  brief  summary  of  the  matters  referred  to  in  the  ar- 
ticles of  enquiry,  which  are  also  printed : — 1.  Nature  of  the  foundation 
generally.  2.  Inmates.  3.  Eevenues,  their  application.  4.  Pa- 
tronage and  rules.  5.  Names,  ages,  behaviour,  and  other  allowances  of 
the  inmates.  6.  Grants  by  her  Majesty  of  rooms  in  reversion.  7.  Yi- 
sitors  and  visitations.  8.  Fees,  pensions,  and  payments  to  officers  other 
than  the  poor.  9.  Monies  appointed  by  Henry  YIIL,  Edward  YL, 
Mary,  or  Elizabeth,  upon  the]  endowment  of  any  college  or  cathedral 
church  for  alms,  repairs  of  bridges  or  highways,  or  exhibitions  for  scho- 
lars. 10.  Other  donations  for  the  relief  of  poor  people  or  other  godly 
and  charitable  uses  in  the  Bishoprick.  11.  Custody  of  the  evidences. 
12.  All  other  matters  concerning  the  premises. 

Mr.  Allan  proceeds  to  print  the  inquisition  dated  4  May,-  36  Eliz. 
(1594),  so  far  as  relates  to  Sherburn,  and  he  takes  care  to  embrace  some 
curious  matter  touching  the  burdens  on  the  Dean  and  Chapter  for  alms 
and  repairs  of  highways  and  bridges,  Barnard  Gilpin's  charity  at  Hough- 
ton,  Squire's  almshouse  nigh  the  mote  of  Durham  Castle,  and  the  Spittle- 
house  on  the  common  belonging  to  the  borough  of  Eramwellgate. 

"With  this  exception,  no  use,  we  believe,  has  been  made  by  topo- 
graphers of  this  important  return.  A  signed  and  sealed  duplicate  of  it, 
by  the  courtesy  of  its  possessor,  John  Bowes,  Esq.,  has  been  made 
available  for  examination.  It  consists  of  two  membranes  stitched 
together  and  is  written  closely  and  minutely.  The  arrangement  is 
somewhat  perplexing,  the  answers  for  all  the  hospitals  being  given 
under  each  article,  and  consequently  no  continuous  view  is  presented  of 
any  foundation.  In  the  extracts  which  follow,  completing  the  good 
work  which  the  antiquary  of  Grange  began,  the  evidence  is  marshalled 
under  each  hospital,  but  no  alterations  are  made  in  the  spelling  or  the 
language  except  that  the  Roman  numerals  are  reduced  to  Arabic,  the 


40  THE  HOSPITALS  OF  GREATHAM, 

contractions  expanded,  and  the  technical  and  repeated  statements  that 
( 'unto  such  an  article  the  jurors  say  and  find"  omitted. 

As  (with  the  exception  of  the  commencement  and  conclusion  of  the 
record)  the  portions  given  by  Allan  are  not  reprinted,  (the  modernization 
of  the  spelling  in  his  copy  being  of  small  account  at  so  late  a  period), 
the  only  variations  of  importance  must  be  noticed.  For  "  Daytale 
men,"  in  Art.  3,  as  to  Sherburn  Hospital,  read  "Day  talemen."  (Qu. 
if  the  word  "  taleman"  ever  occurs  for  hirings  otherwise  than  by  day.) 
— In  the  Cathedral  alms-money,  under  1586,  for  "  8s.  6d."  read  "  13". 
lld.;"  under  1588,  for  "19s."  read  "  19d.; "  under  1590,  for  "8s." 
read  "138.;" — In  the  accounts  of  money  for  highways  and  bridges, 
for  "Mawnton"  read  "  Nawnton ; "  under  1590,  for  "J"  read  "J;" 
after  1592,  add  "  Anno  finito,  1593.  Allowed  to  Mr.  [Clement  inter- 
lined, Doctor  erased~\  Colmor  then  threasorer,  201.,  101.  12d.  whereof 
is  nowe  -paid  to  Doctor  Hutton  theisorer,  to  be  bestowed  the  next  sum- 
mer."—In  the  note  of  highways  and  bridges  to  be  repaired,  for  "  West 
Oxes  Pasture"  read  ""Westo  Oxes  Pasture;"  for  "jjTeviH'fl  Cross" 
bis,  read  "  Nevelle  Crosse;"  for  "on  this  side  Cotton"  read  "of  this 
side  Cotome;"  for  "at  the  bankside  towards  (blank)  Barns"  read  "of 

the  bancke  side  toward er  barnes;  "  for  "  Hedworth  Bridge  " 

read  "Hedworth  Bridges." — In  Gilpin's  charity,  for  "six  years  ago" 
read  "ix  yeares  ago." — In  Squire's  charity,  for  "Squire"  read 
"Esquier;"  for  "Howdcll"  read  "Yowdaile."— In  the  Spittle-house, 
for  "the  Burrough  of  Eramwellgate  "  read  "the  Broughe  of  Durham," 
the  words  "of  Durham"  being  interlined. 

It  does  not  necessarily  follow  that  all  these  variations  are  more 
correct  in  our  Streatlam  codex,  but  it  must_  be  remembered  that  it  is  a 
duplicate  original. 

Inquisitio  Indentata  capta  fait  apud  Dunelm.  quarto  die  mensis  Maii, 
Anno  Regni  serenissima3  doming  nostrae  Elizabeths,  Dei  gratia  Anglia?, 
Fraunciae,  et  Hibernise,  Regina3,  fidei  defensoris  &c.,  tricesimo  sexto : 
coram  nobis  Tobia  Matthewe  sacra?  theologize  professore,  Decano  Dunelm. 
Cathedralis  Ecclesiea  Christi  et  Beatse  Maria?  Yirginis,  Thoma  Calveiiey, 
armigero,  cancellario  Dunelm.,  Clementi  Colmor,  legum  doctor e,  Rever- 
end! in  Christo  patris  Domini  Matthei  divina  providentia  Dunelm.  Epis- 
copi  in  spiritualibus  cancellario,  et  Johanne  Pilkington,  sacrce  theologies 
baccalaureo,  arcJiidiacono  arcliidiaconatus  Dunelm.  [_et  Roberto  Boives, 
armigero,  erased],  virtute  commissionis  dictce  domina  nostra  Regina  liisce 
prescntilus  annexce,  per  sacramenta  duodecim  proborum  et  Icgaliion  Jiomi- 
num  lilerorum  tenentium  infra  Episcopatum  Dunelm.,1  videlicet,  Henrici 
Heighington,  generosi,  Eoberti  Earrowe,  generosi,  Richardi  Heighington, 
generosi,  Edwardi  Hudspeth,  yeoman,  Anthonii  Shawdforth,  yeoman, 
1  The  words  in  Italics  are  omitted  by  Allan, 


GATESHEAD,  AND  BARNARDCASTLE.  41 

Thomas  Wood,  yeoman,  Radulphi  Maison,  yeonian,  Johannis  Dobson, 
3'eoman,  Johannis  Swalwell,  yeoman,  Thomae  Peerson,  yeoman,  "Willelmi 
Thomson,  yeoman,  et  Johannis  Butterie,  yeoman.  Q,ui  juratores,  (ut 
prefertur),  jurati  de  fideliter  inquirendo  omnia  et  singula  totamque 
materiam  in  quibusdam  articulis  commissioni  predictae  annexis  contenta 
et  specificata,  secundum  tenorem  et  effectum  eorundem  articulorum  et 
sub  modo  et  forma  in  eisdem  descriptis,  super  sacramenta  sua  dicunt  et 
presentant  articulatim  protit  scquitur. 

1 .  Upon  the  first  article  they  say  that  they  do  finde  that  there  are 
scituate  in  the  Bushoppricke  and  county  of  Durham  fower  hospitalles, 
one  comonly  called  and  known  by  the  name  of  Sheerburne  House,  ane 
other  by  the  name  of  Greatham  Hospitall,  ane  other  by  the  name  of 
Sanct  Edmundes,  nighe  Gateshead,  and  the  fourth  by  the  name  of  St. 
Johns  Hospitall,  in  Barnardcastell. 

Concerning  GREATHAM  HOSPITALL,  they  finde  that  the  said  hos- 
pital! standeth  in  the  Towne  of  Greatham,  nighe  unto  the  River  of 
Teese,  within  the  County  of  Durham.  And  that  the  Maisters  of  the 
same  ought  to  be  Maisters  of  Arte,  clergie  or  laymen  att  the  discretion 
of  the  Bushoppe  of  the  diocese  of  Durham  for  the  time  beinge.  And 
that  the  same  hospitall  was  founded  by  Robert  Stichehill,  Bushoppe  of 
Durham,  Anno  Domini  1272,2  In  honorem  Dei,  Beatae  Marias,  et  Sancti 
Cuthberti,  by  the  name  of  the  Maister  and  Breathren  of  the  Hospitall 
of  Greatham,  of  which  foundacion  they  do  finde  noe  chaunge. 

2.  The  Hospitall  of  Greatham  was  founded  for  men  such  as  were 
poore,  impotente,  and  not  able  to  releyve  themselfes,  and  borne  upon 
the  landes  belonginge  to  the  Bushoppe  of  Durham,  and  for  releyving 
of  way  fairinge  men  att  the  maisters  discretion. 

3.  There  belongeth  to  the  same  the  Towneshippe  of  Greatham,  the 
tennantes  wherof  in  tillage  havinge  leases  (whereof  the  most  parte  are 
pretended  to  be  maide  by  Thomas  Sparke,3  laite  maister  there,  in  the 
tenth  year  of  her  Majesties  reigne,  for  ninetie  and  nyne  yeares,)  to  paie 
yearly  rentes,   in  all  amountinge  to  591.  9s.  2d.     The  cottaiges   there 
(wherof  the  most  part  is  paide  in  worke  in  harvest  tyme)  do  yearlie 
paie  the  rente  of  101.  16d.     The  tieth  corne  of  Greatham  rented  at  13l. 
by  yeare,  and  the  tieth  corne  of  Claxton  31.  by  yeare,  which  is  in  lease. 
The  arable  grounde  of  the  demaine  of  the  said  Hospitall  were  heretofore 
(as  appeareth  by  ane  accompte  maid  by  the  said  Mr.  Sparke)  valewed 
to  12d.  the  acre,  amountinge  in  all  to  161.  38.,  a  third  part  wherof  lieth 
yearly  lee,  and  the  other  husbanded  with  great  charges.     The  medowe 
groundes  likwise  was  valewed  to  4s.  ech  acre  (wherof  beinge  in  number 
40  or  therabout,   the  valewe  extendeth  to  81.  yearlie.     The  pasture 
groundes  also  (valued  to  3s.  4d.  ech  acre)  amountinge  to  1 61.  5s.  4d.  Upon 
which  demaine  the  Maister  therof  (as  his  predecessors  Maisters  therof 

2  See  the  circumstances  of  this  foundation,  3  Archaeologia  JEliana,  8vo.  series,  77, 
and  the  works  there  referred  to. 

3  His  initials  still  remain  on  the  hospital  buildings,  in  conjunction  with  the  arms  of 
Bp.  Tunstall. 


42  THE  HOSPITALS  OF  GREATHAM, 

have  heretofor  done)  kepeth  the  stocke  belonginge  to  the  said  hospitall, 
vidzt.  30  draught  oxen,  15  milke  kyne  and  a  bull,  12  draught  horses, 
10  twinters,  6  calves,  10  score  sheepe,  wherof  fowrscore  lambes,  40 
swine,  besides  20  quarters  of  bigge,  ....  quarters  of  ^ heat,  8  quarters 
of  peese,  corne  sowen  upon  the  grounde,  with  waine  geare  and  housholde 
stuffe,  the  valewe  wherof  the  nowe  Maister  standeth  bound  in  3001.  to 
the  Bushoppe  of  Durham  and  his  successors  to  answere  att  the  tyme  of 
his  death,  notwithstandinge  all  casualties,  reparacions,  and  necessarie 
expenses.  All  which  the  premisses  ar  to  be  imployed  upon  the  Mais- 
ter's  hospitalitie  and  the  daily  releii^of  the  Brethren  and  other  necessary 
officers  and  laborers  within  the  said  hospitall,  and  stipendes  and  waiges 
yearly  dewe,  vidzt.  to  13°  Breathren,  besides  diet  and  tier  in  the  bro- 
ther house,  141.  4s.  To  4or  expectinge  Brethrens  places  havinge  no  diett, 
4l.  To  a  porter,  besides  diett,  28s.  To  a  clerke  of  the  chappell,  besides 
diett  and  liveries,  40s.  To  the  bailif  of  the  liberties,  bysides  diett  and 
liveries  and  a  horse  meat  by  patente,  40s.  To  the  cooke,  besides  diett 
and  liveries,  40s.  To  ane  under  cooke,  besides  diett,  16s.  To  a  butler, 
besides  diett  and  liveries,  30s.  To  a  baker  and  a  brewer,  besides  diett 
and  liveries,  53s.  4d.  To  a  horse  keper,  besides  diett  and  liveries,  40s. 
To  a  landresse,  besides  diett,  40s.  To  4°  woman  servauntes,  besides 
diett  3l.  10s.  To  a  sheephirde,  a  nowtehirde,  a  slaughter  man,  and  a 
swinehirde,  besides  diett,  51.  To  16  poor  laboreinge  men  about  hus- 
bandrie,  besides  diett,  26l.  besides  many  other  necessarie  laborers  which 
ar  used  daily.  To  a  steawarde  or  overseer,  besides  diett  and  liveries, 
40s.  To  two  servinge  men,  besides  diett  and  liveries,  41.  To  Mr.  Tho- 
mas Calverley,  a  lawier,  for  his  councell,  by  patente,  a  horse  grasse  and 
40s.  To  a  minister,  beinge  vicar  of  the  parish  of  Greatham,  for  sayeinge 
service  twise  a  day,  besides  diett,  408.  Besides  the  day  lie  relief  of  poore 
and  wayfairinge  men.  The  propertie,  possession,  and  use  of  the  pre- 
misses as  aforsaid  ar  now  and  by  the  space  of  three  yeares  last  or 
more  have  been  in  Henry  Dethicke,  Maister  of  Arte,  Maister  of  the 
said  Hospitall,  who  duringe  that  tyme  haith  receyved  and  taken  the 
revenewes  and  profittes  of  the  premisses  and  imployed  them  as  afore- 
said, as  also  by  the  space  of  seaven  yeares  next  befor  the  said  three 
John  Kingsmale,  then  Maister  of  the  said  hospitall,  did.  But  they  find 
nothinge  assigned  or  appoynted  there  for  mendinge  of  bridges  or  high- 
ways, or  exhibicion  to  schollers,  or  any  other  uses  then  befor  are  ex- 
pressed. 

4.  The  Breathren  of  Greatham  Hospitall  ar  admitted  and  placed  by 
the  Maister  and  .Governour  therof,  and  removed  accordinge   to  ther 
behaviers,  and  undergo  such  orders  as  by  the  said  Maister  shalbe  sett 
doune. 

5.  The  names  and  aiges  of  the   13°  Brethren,  as  they  be  comonly 
called  and  taken,  are  as  followe : — John  Dickinson  about  70  yeares  of 
aige,  Robert    Sanderson   about    87  yeares   of  aige,   Thomas   Butterie 
about  40  yeares,  Robert  Bellerby  about  30,  George  Revely  about  50, 
Ralph  Dawson  about  50,   Gerrerde   Speed  about  40,   Thomas   Swin- 
banke  about  80,  Roland  Lasingby  about  60,  John  Worme,  about  73, 
Roland  Richardson  about  80,  Edward  White  about  68°,  and  William 
Foster  about  68  yeares,  all   beinge  poore,  old,  or  lame,  not  havinge 


GATESHEAD,  AND  BARNARDCASTLE.  43 

any  other  allowance  in  any  other  colledge  or  house  provided  for  the 
poorc,  and  ar  comonly  resident  unlesse  upon  great  occasion  att  there 
earnest  they  be  absence  by  the  Maister's  licence,  savinge  that  the  said 
Robert  Bellerbie  beinge  a  very  lame  man,  by  licence  of  the  Maister 
absented  himself,  in  whose  place  one  John  Sparke  a  very  poore  man 
haith.  his  relief,  and  fower  expectinge  places  of  Brethren,  vidzt :  — Robert 
Blunt  a  blinde  man,  Robert  Whit  about  80  yeares  of  age,  George  Taylor 
about  80  years,  and  John  Hume  about  70  yeares  of  aige,  ar  releyved 
there,  with  which  fower  the  said  Maister  thinketh  himself  overcharged  ; 
and  tuchinge  the  behaviors  of  the  said  Brethren,  George  Revelyis  vehe- 
mently suspected  of  incontinencie  with  one  Elizabeth  Robson,  Gerrard 
Speed  is  founde  by  verdict  of  a  jury  to  be  a  fighter,  and  Edwarde 
White  a  most  unquiett  person,  given  to  swearinge  and  extraordinary 
drinkinge  in  ailehouses,  havinge  sufficient  with  the  residewe  in  the  said 
hospitall,  whose  disorders  the  said  Maister  hopeth  to  reforme,  and  he 
doth  the  residewe  hereafter. 

7.  The  said  Bushoppe  is  visitor  of  Greatham  Hospitall,  and  haith 
visited  the  same  by  himself  or  his  comissioners  twice  att  the  least  with- 
in theise  ten  yeares. 

8.  They  do  not  finde  that  any  fees,  pencions,  or  payments  have  bene 
given,  paid,  or  allowed  to  any  person,  out  of  anie  of  the  said  hospitalles, 
or  the  possessions,  revenewe,  and  profittes  therof  (other  then  to  the 
poore  therof)  duringe   ten  yeares  last,  savinge  only  out  of  Greatham 
Hospitall,  wher  such  pencions  and  paymentes  ar  yearely  paid  to  such 
persons,  and  for  such  causes  as  are  specified  upon  the  .third  article  of 
this  inquisition 

1 1 .  The  said  Henry  Dethicke,  nowe  Maister,  haith  the  custody  of  all 
such  evidences  as  were  left  in  the  said  hospitall  att  the  death  of  Mr.  John 
Kingsmill  lait  Maister  there,  and  it  is  supposed  that  the  Maisteres  here- 
tofor  of  that  hospitall  have  had  the  custodie  of  all  evidences,  charters, 
and  writinges  therto  belonginge. 

Concerninge  THE  HOSPITALL  OE  SAKCTE  EDMUND  NIGHE 
GATESHEADE,  they  finde  that  the  same  hospitall  standeth  att  the 
upper  end  of  Gatesheade,  [nigh  Gateshed  inserted^  in  the  countie  of 
Durham.  And  is  comonly  called  and  known  by  the  name  of  the  Hos- 
pitall or  Pree  Chappell  of  Sanct  Edmund,  Kinge  and  Martir.4  The 
Maisters  and  Governors  therof  are  and  have  bene  clergie  men  and 
spirituall  persons,  and  is  said  to  have  bene  founded  by  one  of  the 
Bushoppes  of  Durham :  But  in  what  tyme  or  by  which  of  the  said 
Bushoppes,  or  by  what  name  of  fundacion  or  incorporacion,  or  whether 
there  haith  bene  any  chainge  frome  the  first  fundacion  they  cannot 
finde.5 

4  This  is  the  King  James's  Hospital  of  the  present  day,  and  distinct  from  the 
Hospital  of  St.  Edmund  the  Confessor,  which  was  united  with  the  Nunnery  of  New- 
castle and  fell  with  it.  The  first  mention  of  it  which  has  occurred  to  us  is  in  Bp. 
Kellaw's  grant  in  1315,  of  "the  custody  of  the  Hospital  of  St.  Edmund,  king  and 
martyr,  in  our  vill  of  Gatesheued,"  then  vacant,  to  Sir  Hugh  de  Lokington,  chaplain. 
(Kellaw's  Reg.  146.) 

8  Bp.  Hatfield,  in  1373,  granted  several  tenements  in  augmentation  of  the  hospital. 
(1  Hutch.  457,  e  Rot.  B.  Hatfield,  Sch.  4.  .NO.  10.) 


44  THE  HOSPITALS  OF  GREATHAM, 

2.  The  poor  of  the  Hospitall  or  Free  Chappell  of  Sanct  Edmundes, 
nigh  Gateshead,  are  and  have  bene  indifferently  of  both  kindes  as  men 
and  women.6     But  whether  sicke  or  wholl,  lepers  or  way  fairinge,  so 
they  be  poore,  needie,  and  indigente,  is  note  respected. 

3.  There  belongeth  to  the  same  a  demaine  lyeinge  att  the  said  hos- 
pitall,7  and  a  parcel!  of  grounde  called  Shotley  Bridge,8  all  which  amount 
to  noe  more  then  the  vale  we  of  101.  of  auncient  rente,  wherof  13*.  yearly 
is  assigned  for  the  reliefe  of  everie  poore  Brother  and  Sister  there,  and 
the  residewe  to  the  mainteynance  of  the  said  Maister  and  reparacions  of 
houses  belonginge  unto  them.    As  for  other  rentes,  revenewes,  somes  of 
money,  leases,  goodes,  and  chattalles,  ther  is  none,  and  therfor  noe  allow- 
ance att  all  eyther  for  diett  to  the  said  Brethren  and  Sisters,  or  to  the 
said  Maister,  or  for  mendinge  of  bridges  or  highwaies,  or  for  exhibi- 
cions  to  schollars  or  the  like.     The  revenewes  and  profittes  wherof  have 
for  theise  ten  yeareslast  past,  bene  taken  upp  by  Mr.  Richard  Hodgshon 
and  Mr.  William  Riddell  of  Newcastell  upon  Tyne,   merchant,   and 
there  assignes,  by  vertue  of  a  lease  to  them  made  by  John  Wodfall, 
clerke,  lait  Maister  of  the  same  Hospitall  or  Free  Chappell,  and  the 
Brethren  and   Sisters  then  of  the  same,  who  have  imployed  the   same 
quarterly  (as  haith  bene  accustomed)  to  the  maynteynance  and  relief  of 
the  said  Maister  and  Brethren  and  Sisters.     The  staite,  propertie,  pos- 
session, and  occupation  of  which  premises  by  vertewe  of  the  aforsaid 
lease,  doth  as  yett  remayne  in  the  handes  of  the  aforsaid  Richard  Hodg- 
eon  and  William  Riddell,  or  ther  assignes. 

4.  The  poore  people  of  the  Hospitall  of  St.  Edmundes  are  and  have 
bene  admitted  and  placed  att  the  discretion  of  the  Maister  ther  offor 
the  tyme  beinge,  and  by  them  removed,  corrected,  and  punished.     But 
whether  they  ought  so  to  have  bene,  or  by  what  rules  and  ordinances 
they  should  be  chosen,  placed,  and  governed,  by  reason  of  the  losse  of 
the  evidences  and  writinges  belonginge  the  same,  they  cannot  finde. 

5  There  be  three  poore  persons  mainteyned  and  releyved  in  or  about 
the  said  Hospitall  or  Free  Chappell  of  St.  Edmundes,  whose  names  and 
aiges  are  as  followinge,  Johne  Dunninge,  about  the  age  of  70  yeares, 
Robert  Pawlinge,  about  the  aige  of  76°  yeares,  and  Allice  Pickeringe, 
about  the  aige  of  56°,  who  are  daylie  and  continually  resident  and 
abideinge  in  and  about  the  said  hospitall,  havinge  no  allowance  nor 
reversion  of  any  allmes-rome  in  any  other  colledge,  hospitall,  or  house 
for  the  poore. 

6  King  James's  charter  describes  it  as  having  consisted  "  de  uno  magistro  et  tribus 
fratribus."     It  was  thenceforth  to  consist  "  de  uno  magistro  et  tribus  viris  pauperibus." 

7  In  Hatfleld's  Survey  both  hospitals  are  mentioned,  and  the  Gateshead  possessions 
of  the  one  in  question,  then  as  now,  seem  to  have  comprised  the  Claxtons  estate  ad- 
joining the  hospital  and  the  Friars  Goose  estate  on  the  Tyne,  or  some  interest  therein. 
''Magister  Hospitalis  S.  Edmundi  regis  tenet  unam  placeam  pro  quodam  chamino 
habendo  ab  hospitali  usque  le  Frergos,  per  parcum  Domini  ibidem,  et  reddit,  &c.  4<#." 
Bp.  Nevil  granted  a  licence  to  the  Master  to  work  coals  in  the  hospital  lands,  and  lead 
them  to  the  Tyne,  over  the  Bishop's  soil,  paying  to  him  and  his  successors  100s.  per 
ann.  (Rot.  Pat.  A.,  8  May,  4  Nevil.) 

*  "  Et  unum  clausuram  apud  Shotle-brigge  in  predicto  comitatu  palatino  Dunelm." 
(King  James's  charter  of  refoundation.) 


GATESHEAD,  AND  BARNAKDCASTLE.  45 

7.  The  said  Bushopps  are  and  for  a  longe  tyme  have  bene  taken  and 
reputed  to  be  visitors  of  the  Hospitall  of  St.  Edmundes,  and  have  ac- 
cordingly visited  the  same  in  the  ordinarie  visitacions,  which  is  com- 
monly ech  third  yeare. 

11.  John  Wodfall,  clerke,  lait  Maister  of  Sanct  Edmnndes  Hospitall 
aforesaid,9  about  seaven  yeares  ago  was  putt  in  truste  with  the  kepinge 
and  custodie  'of  the  charters,  deedes,  evidences,  and  writinges,  both  of 
the  erection  and  fundacion  of  the  landes,  revenewes,  and  possessions  of 
the  said  hospitall  or  free  chapell,  who  deceased  about  the} said  tyme  in 
London  or  therabout  (where  he  then  had  his  abode),  since  which  tyme 
what  became  of  the  said  charters,  deedes,  and  evidences,  cannot  be 
known. 

Lastlie,  concerninge  ST  JOHFS  HOSPITALL  IN"  BARNARD- 
CASTLE,  they  find  that  the  same  standeth  in  the  Towne  of  Barnard- 
castle  and  county  of  Durham  And  is  called  by  the  name  of  the 
Hospitall  of  Sanct  John  Baptiste,  and  nowe  is  and  by  the  space  of 
manie  yeares  hath  bene  of  her  Majesties  and  hir  most  noble  projenitors 
gift  and  donacion,  as  ap pendent  to  her  highnes  castel  and  manor  of  Bar- 
nardcastle  aforsaid.  The  Maister  therof  ought  to  be  ane  ecclesiastical! 
person.  And  the  same  hospitall  is  supposed  to  have  bene  founded  by 
one  of  the  Balolls,10  sometyme  Lorde  of  Barnardcastle  aforsaid. 

2.  There  haith  bene  usuallie  mainteyned  in  the  said  hospitall  three 
olde  poor  women  only. 

3.  There  is  belonginge  to  the  same  one  capitall  mansion  house  and 
divers  other  houses  thereunto  adjoyninge   and  belonginge,   and  thre 
score  ten  acres  or  thereabout  of  arable  lande,  medowe,  and  garthes,  with 
16  pasture  gaites,  all  which  are  scituate  and  lyeing  within  the  towne 
feildes  and  precinctes  of  Barnardcastell  aforesaid,  vale  wed  in  her  Ma- 
jesties Court  of  First  Fruites  to  53".  4d.     Also  belonginge  to  the  said 
hospitall  one  tenemente  lyeinge  in  Ovington,  within  the  county  of  Korth- 
umberlande,  conteyninge  by  estimacion  21  acres  of  ground  or  therabout, 
lait  in  the  occupacion  of  "William  Sucrties  and  Thomas  Lumley,  valewed 
to  5s.  by  yeare ;  one  tenement  lyeinge  att  the  Hullerbuske,  in  the  oc- 
cupacion of  John  Hodgeson,  valewed  to  10s.  :  Item,  ten  acres  of  grounde 
and  1 2  pasture  gaites  or  therabout,  lyeinge  within  the  demaine  groundes 
of  Selerby,  in  the  occupation  of  Henry  Brackenbury,  valewed  to  10s: 
Item,  7  acres  of  ground  or  therabout,  lyeinge  nighe  Barnardcastle  in  a 
place  called  Seweinge  Flattes,  valewed  to  3s.  4d.  :  Item,  one  house  in 
Barnardcastle  towne  which  James  Dente  and  Roger  Dente  do  nowe  in- 
habitt,  valewed  to  3s.  or  theraboutes.     Item,  paieable  yearely  by  her 
Majesties  auditor  and  receyver  in  theise  partes  to  the  said  hospitall 
fourth  of  the  revenewes  of  the  lait  monasterie  of  Rivers,  in  Yorkshiere, 
26s.  8d.     Item,  payable  more  by  them  yearly  forth  of  their  receiptes 
which  one  George  Hogge  doth  now  discharge  out  of  his  office  and  haith 
allowance  therof,  4s.  4d.     Item,  belonginge  to  the  said  hospitall,  as  by 
auncient  deed  doth  appeare,  all  the  tieth  hay  of  Bywell,  in  Northum- 
berlande,  with  the  tieth  of  the  milnes  and  fishinges  of  the  same  towne, 

9  Clement  Colmoi-e,  one  of  the  commissioners,  -was  master  4  June,  1587. 
1(1  It  is  said  to  have  been  founded  by  the  elder  John  Baliol  in  1230,  but  the  evi- 
dence is  imperfect.     See  3  Hut.  273. 


46  THE  HOSPITALS  OF  GREATHAM, 

whorof  nothinge  haith  been  receyved  a  longe  tyme.  The  clenre  vale  we 
of  the  said  hospitall  as  it  is  in  the  Court  of  First  Fruites,  is  5l.  15s.  8d. 
The  revenewes  and  profittes  of  all  which  the  premisses,  or  the  most 
part  therof  one  John  Thomson,  nowe  dwellinge  in  the  said  hospitall, 
haith  by  the  space  of  theise  ten  years  last  taken  and  receyved  by  auc- 
thoritie  and  vertewe  of  a  conveyance  made  to  him,  as  he  confesseth,  by 
one  Edmunde  Threasorer,  alias  Edmunde  Sheites,  nowe  remayuinge  att 
or  about  London  or  her  majesties  courte,  who  after  the  death  of  one  Sir 
Richard  Lee,  clerke,  lait  Maister  of  the  said  hospitall,  in  or  about  the 
fourth  yeare  of  hir  majesties  reigne,  procured  patentes  from  hir  majestic 
of  the  maistershippe  therof  to  himselfe  duringe  his  life  under  the  name 
of  Edmund  Threasurer,  clerke,  which  patentes  withal  his  right  to  the 
said  hospitall  the  said  Edmund  within  two  years  after  his  said  graunte 
did  convey  and  sett  over  to  the  said  Thomson  for  the  somme  of  401.  to 
him  therfor  paide,  by  vertue  and  colour  of  which  sale  and  conveyance 
the  said  Thomson  haith  spoiled  and  defaced  the  said  hospitall  and  man- 
sion house,  entitleinge  himselfe  and  his  eldest  sonne  to  the  same  under 
a  shewe  and  pretence  of  tenant  right  or  custome  of  the  country.  t)uringe 
which  tyme  the  said  Thomson  understandinge  of  ane  other  maister  ap- 
poited  by  her  majestic  to  the  said  hospitall,  and  doubting  of  his  own 
title  as  it  seemed,  did  entertayne  one  Henry  Maison,  a  solicitor  in  the 
common  lawe,  to  procure  him  some  better  assurance  therof,  which  Mai- 
son  and  one  William  Waller,  in  or  about  the  moneth  of  December,  in 
the  33th  year  of  her  highnes  reigne,  have  procured  the  said  hospitall  in 
fee  farme  for  2"  a  yeare  to  themselfes  and  there  heires  by  way  of  a  pre- 
tended concealmentc,  under  color  wherof  they  and  diverse  others  in  there 
names  have  entered  into  the  said  hospitall  and  members  therof,  and  the 
same,  with  all  the  profittes  therof,  have  altered  and  converted  and  yett 
still  do  to  there  owne  private  use,  contrary  to  the  good  and  charitable 
ordinance  and  usaige  of  the  said  hospitall  heretofore.  Since  which 
tyme,  vidzt.  in  or  about  the  moneth  of  Februarie  and  March,  1592,  the 
said  Maison  and  Waller,  for  there  better  and  more  firine  assurance  in 
the  premises,  have  procured  a  lease  for  three  lives  of  the  said  hospitull 
and  all  the  members  therof  at  the  handes  of  one  Charles  Farraiule,  who 
had  a  lait  patente  of  the  maistershippe  of  the  same,  which  patente,  to- 
gether with  the  evidences  and  recordes  of  the  said  hospitall,  upon  the 
sealinge  and  deliverie  of  the  aforesaide,  were  delivered  over  unto  the 
handes  of  the  said  Maison  and  Waller,  wherin  they  ar  yett  icmayn- 
inge  as  is  supposed. 

4.  The  poor  women  which  have  bene  in  the  hospitall  of  St.  John 
Baptist  aforesaid   have  bene  chosen  by  the  Maisters  thereof,  till  the 
death  of  Sir  Richard  Lee,  lait  Maister  there,  and  since  his  death  by 
the  aforenamed  John  Thompson,  occupier  of  the  said  hospitall. 

5.  There  ought  to  be  three  poore  woman  mayntayned  in  the  said 
hospitall.      But  they  cannot  finde  anye  such  number  there  residmge 
nowe. 

6.  They  cannot  finde  anie  grauntes  maide anie  persons 

to  have  any  rome  in  reversion  of  the  prese.  t  possessors  in  anie  of  the 
said  hospitalles. 

7.  For  the  hospitall  of  St.  John  Baptist,  they  do  not  find  that  the 
same  haith  bene  visited  of  longe  tyme. 


GATESHEAD,  AND  BARNARDCASTLE.  47 

11.  They  do  fynde  that  the  evidences  and  recordes  therof  were 
delivered  over,  as  is  aforesaid,  to  William  Waller  and  Henry  Maison 
aforesaide ;  and  further  that  the  abovenamed  John  Thomson,  as  he 
deposeth,  delivered  to  one  Richard  Garnett,  dwellinge  beyonde  London, 
ane  old  evidence  of  that  hospitall,  which  the  said  Thomson  toke  to  be  the 
fundacion  of  the  same  hospitall,  and  that  remaineth  still  with  Garnett. 

And  further,  tuchinge  any  matter  conteyned  in  the  said  articles,  or 
any  of  them,  the  said  jurors  cannot  finde.  In  cujus  rei  testimonium  tarn 
commissionarii  antedicti,  quam  juratores  supranominati  huic  inquisition! 
sigilla  sua  apposuerunt.  Dat.  Dunelm.  die  et  anno  prius  supra  scriptis.11 
TOBIE  MATTHEW  (Seal  of  aims :  a  lion  rampant,  quartering  3  chevrons, 
a  mullet  of  six  points  in  the  centre  of  the  shield.  The  remaining  seals 
are  indistinct  or  cut  off).  THOMAS  CALV'LEY.  CLEMENT  COLMORE. 
JHO'  PILKI'GTON.  HENRYE  HEIGHINGTON.  ROB'T  FARROW.  RYCHARD 
HEIGHINGTON.  THOMAS  PEARSON.  EDWARD  HUDSPATTHE.  JOHN  SWALL- 
WELL.  THOMAS  WOOD.  Win.  Thomson  -f-  his  m'k.  Jho'  Buttery  M 
his  m'k.  Raph  liaison's  -]-  m'k.  JHON  DOBSON.  Anthony  Shawd- 
forthes  -|-  nrk. 

Collacione  fa  eta  fideli,  concordat  hsec  inquisitio  supra  scripta  cum 
altera  parte  ejusdem  indentata  per  commission arios  in  eadem  nomin- 
ates (ut  haec  est)  subscripta  et  sigillata  ac  in  Cancellario  serenis- 
simaB  dominaD  nostra3  Reginse  unacum  commissione  et  articulis 
origin alibus  ejusdem  dominaB  Reginae  eidem  annexis  transmissa. 
Ex.  p.  THO.  KING,  notar :  publicum,  scribam  in  executione 
ejusdom  commissionis  per  commissionarios  eandem  exequentes 
assumptum. 


MONTHLY  MEETING,  7  AUGUST,  1861. 
John  Clayton,  JKsq.,  V.P.,  in  the  Chair. 


DONATIONS  OF  BOOKS.  —  From  the  Rev.  H.  M.  Scarth,  M.A.  His  Re- 
marks on  some  Ancient  Sculptured  Stones  still  preserved  in  this  island, 
and  others  once  known  to  exist,  particularly  those  recorded  to  have 
stood  in  the  cemetery  of  the  Abbey  of  Glastonbury,  with  a  plate  of  the 
fragments  at  Hackness.  Taunton,  1861.  —  -  From  the  Royal  University  of 
Christiania.  Solennia  Academica  Universitatis  Liter  aria3  Regiae  Prederi- 
cianaB  ante  L  annos  conditaB,  die  1  1  Septembris,  anni  MDCCCLXI.  Cele- 
branda  indicit  Senatus  Academicus  Christianise,  1861.  —  From  the 
Canadian  Institute.  The  Canadian  Journal,  N.S.,  34.  —  From  the  Kil- 
kenny Archaeological  Society.  Their  Papers  and  Proceedings.  No.  32. 

NEW  MEMBERS.  —  George  Crawshay,  Esq.,  Haughton  Castle. 

ENGLISH  COIN.  —  Mr.  Henry  Barton  exhibits  one  of  Wolsey's  York 
groats,  found  by  himself  at  Sowerby  Parks,  Thirsk,  about  1841. 

11  These  signatures  are  somewhat  incorrectly  given  by  Allan's  copy. 


48  WEAVERS'  TOWER. 

LIBRARY  CATALOGUE.  —  Resolved,  at  the  instance  of  Mr.  Appleton, 
that  the  Printing  Committee  confer  with  Mr.  Dodd,  who  kindly  offers 
his  services  in  the  preparation  of  the  long- wanted  catalogue  of  the 
Society's  library,  and  report  on  the  subject  generally. 

DURHAM  SEALS.  —  Mr.  Longstaffe  exhibits  a  sulphur  cast  of  the  mag- 
nificent seal  of  the  literary  chancellor,  Bishop  Bury,  probably  the  most 
chaste  and  beautiful  medieval  seal  in  existence,  obtained  from  Mr.  H. 
Laing,  of  Elder  Street,  Edinburgh,  seal-modeller :  also  a  number  of 
e1  -trotype  impressions  of  Durham  seals,  from  the  extensive  cabinet  of 
Mr.  Trueman,  of  Durham  They  embrace  all  the  earlier  episcopal  seals, 
commencing  with  the  curious  saucer-shaped  one  of  Bp.  Carileph,  and 
the  celebrated  conventual  seal,  in  which  a  Roman  gem,  engraved  with 
the  head  of  Jupiter  Tonans,  serves  for  that  of  Saint  Oswald. 


GOLD  ORNAMENT  POUND  IN  NORTH  TYNEDALE. 

DR.  CHARLTON  has  exhibited  a  sketch,  drawn  from  recollection,  of  a 
golden  object  found  in  the  district  of  the  North  Tyne.  By  an  unfor- 
tunate neglect,  he  had  remained  uninformed  of  the  discovery,  until,  after 
a  fortnight's  exhibition  for  sale  in  the  shop  of  Mr.  Joel,  silversmith, 
Newcastle,  this  article  of  treasure  trove  had  been  consigned  to  the 
melting-pot  in  July.  Its  weight  was  1 7  pennyweights,  and  its  form 
that  of  a  bow,  with  the  points  turned  inwards,  its  centre  being  twisted. 


THE  WEAVERS'  TOWER. 

MR.  FEXWICK  has  drawn  the  Society's  attention  to  the  possible  destruc- 
tion of  this  remaining  portion  of  the  fast-disappearing  town- wall  of 
Newcastle.  It  is  threatened  by  the  erection  of  a  police  station.  He 
remembers  the  circuit  of  the  whole  wall,  and  how  it  was  occupied  by 
the  military  during  the  last  French  war,  the  towers  forming  a  sort  of 
guardhouses.  MR.  CLAYTON  believes  that  the  plans  of  the  Corporation  do 
not  involve  the  demolition  of  the  Weavers'  Tower.  THE  SOCIETY  deems 
it  right,  by  a  memorial  in  favour  of  the  preservation  of  the  tower,  to 
fortify  the  hands  of  gentlemen  willing  to  maintain  any  interesting  fea- 
tures of  Newcastle.  By  a  singular  barbarism,  the  Pink  Tower  was 
levelled  to  make  way  for  a  part  of  the  John  Knox  Chapel.  It  was  a 
characteristic  and  picturesque  object,  and  would  have  formed  a  touch- 
ing and  suggestive  feature  had  it  been  incorporated  with  the  pacific 
building  to  which  it  succumbed. 


NOTES  OF  A  TOUR  IN  SCOTLAND.  49 


NOTES  OF  A  TOUR  IN  SCOTLAND. 
BY  ROBERT  WHITE. 

UP  Dee- side,  a  little  west  of  Lumphanan  station,  and  upwards  of  twenty 
miles  west  of  Aberdeen,  I  observed  a  moated  mount  formed  for  defence 
against  hostile  neighbours.  The  top  is  flat,  and  may  be  about  fifty 
yards  in  diameter,  widening  down  to  the  base,  and  the  fosse  round  it, 
about  thirty  yards  wide,  is  filled  with  water.  A  low  stone  dyke  runs 
around  the  edge  of  the  summit,  but  this  is  of  modern  erection,  and  no 
traces  of  buildings  are  seen  upon  it.  I  also  noticed  a  mount  of  similar 
construction  up  the  river  Don,  near  the  railway  from  Aberdeen  to  In- 
verness. 

The  battle-field  of  Culloden  is  a  lofty  and  wide-rounded  moor,  nearly 
all  now  in  a  state  of  cultivation,  about  five  miles  north-east  of  Inverness. 
It  is  nearly  level  on  the  top,  ascending  gently  to  the  south-west,  and 
may  extend  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile.  Standing  upon  it,  we  see 
on  the  east  a  higher  range  of  heathy  hills,  while,  to  the  north,  the  eye 
wanders  over  the  broad  expanse  of  the  Moray  Firth  and  the  eastern 
coast  of  Ross-shire.  On  the  west,  the  Firth  narrows  towards  Inverness, 
branching  up  into  Loch  Beauly,  among  dark  mountains,  while  Ben 
"Wyvis  soars  above  them  at  a  distance  of  twenty  miles.  I  was  fortunate 
in  having  the  company  of  two  young  gentlemen,  Mr.  Kennedy  and  Mr. 
Simpson,  from  Dundee,  while  examining  the  field ;  and  Mr.  Monro,  the 
gamekeeper  at  Culloden  House,  very  obligingly  pointed  out  to  us  the 
several  places  of  interest.  Prince  Charles  occupied  the  highest  point  of 
the  moor  to  the  south-west,  about  half  a  mile  or  more  from  the  Duke  of 
Cumberland,  who  mounted,  it  is  said,  a  very  large  stone,  two  yards  high, 
and  five  in  diameter,  near  to  the  public  road ;  and  the  battle  was  fought 
on  the  space  between  them.  An  old  cottage  is  still  standing  amid  a 
crop  of  oats,  which  was  occupied  by  an  aged  lame  man  when  the  contest 
commenced ;  and  a  cannon  ball  having  struck  the  pot  on  the  fire  in  which 
his  food  was  cooking,  he  drew  to  his  bed  and  lay  there  till  the  battle 
was  fought.  At  the  edge  of  the  enclosure,  among  the  corn,  Mr.  Monro 
showed  us  a  well  where  a  chief  of  the  clan  Macintosh  was  killed. 
Being  attacked  by  the  English  dragoons,  he  defended  himself  with  his 
dirk  and  claymore  so  bravely,  that  when  his  body  was  discovered,  about 
sixteen  of  his  foes  lay  dead  around  him.  Robert  Chambers  records  the 
circumstance  with  some  variation,  quoting  from  a  note  at  page  200  of 

VOL.  VI.  H 


50  NOTES  OF  A  TOUR  IN  SCOTLAND. 

"Cromek's  Bemains,"  and  giving  the  name  of  the  Highlander  as  Golice 
Macbane,  saying  that  he  killed  thirteen  of  the  enemy.  The  public  road 
runs  over  a  slight  elevation  on  the  west  side  of  the  field,  consisting  of 
several  acres  that  have  hitherto  escaped  the  levelling  ploughshare.  On 
the  edge  of  this  ground,  towards  Inverness,  a  large  quantity  of  stones 
are  collected,  and  a  very  rough  foundation  laid  for  a  pyramid  to  com- 
memorate the  slain ;  but  not  being  put  together  in  accordance  with  the 
good  taste  prevalent  in  the  nineteenth  century,  the  erection,  very  pro- 
perly, has  been  discontinued.  Eastward  again  from  this  spot,  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  road,  among  the  stunted  heather,  appear  the 
trenches,  stretching  due  north  and  south,  and  graves  all  green  with 
grass  where  the  brave  Highlanders  who  fell  there  repose.  On  our 
way  to  Inverness,  we  came  to  an  old  man,  breaking  stones,  who  had  seen 
several  men  that  were  present  at  the  battle,  but  they  disliked  to  hear  it 
mentioned. 

On  our  course  from  Inverness,  through  the  Caledonian  Canal,  we 
passed  on  our  right  a  ruined  castle,  which  had  belonged  to  the  clan  of 
Macdonells.  Still  further  on,  we  observed  a  small  obelisk  at  a  well  on 
the  margin  of  the  loch,  which  had  been  erected  to  preserve  an  incident 
of  the  following  tragedy  : — The  young  chief  of  the  Macdonells  had  been 
murdered  by  a  distant  branch  of  the  same  family ;  a  vassal  of  the  old 
chieftain  went  to  avenge  the  deed,  and  killed  a  father  and  his  six  sons. 
Cutting  off  their  heads,  he  conveyed  the  latter  as  a  present  to  his  lord ; 
and,  on  passing  this  well,  he  washed  the  seven  bloody  trophies  therein, 
that  by  their  cleanly  appearance  they  might  be  more  acceptable  to  the 
receiver.  Such  was  the  outline  of  the  tale  as  it  was  told  me  in  sight  of 
the  memorial. 

On  the  eastern  side  of  the  bleak  and  rocky  island  of  lona,  whence  we 
see  Staffa  on  the  north,  is  a  cultivated  piece  of  land  comprising  about 
twenty  acres ;  some  cottages  and  dwelling  houses  are  upon  it.  But  the 
principal  objects  of  interest  are  an  old  monastery  or  nunnery,  and 
church,  both  unroofed,  about  three  hundred  yards  from  each  other ;  and 
near  to  the  church  is  an  old  burying  ground,  about  fifty  yards  square, 
with  a  chapel  in  it,  of  which  the  roof  is  also  gone.  In  this  place  of  the 
dead  are  either  seven  or  nine  rows  of  graves,  closely  packed  together,— 
one  containing  the  remains  of  above  forty  early  kings  of  Scotland,  four 
Irish  monarchs,  and  eight  Norwegian  princes.  The  gravestones  here 
are  very  numerous ;  indeed,  some  of  the  rows  are  nearly  covered  with 
them.  But  in  the  ruins  of  the  monastery,  and  especially  in  the  church, 
and  also  in  the  chapel  of  the  burying-ground,  are  a  large  number  of 
sculptured  stones,  all  in  a  state  of  decay,  but  exhibiting  much  artistic 


NOTES  OF  A  TOUR  IN  SCOTLAND.  51 

beauty.  Not  many  are  of  freestone,  the  chief  portion  being  of  a  slatey 
character,  partaking  of  the  common  rag  stone,  upon  which  workmen 
sharpen  their  tools.  Halfway  between  the  monastery  and  church,  close 
by  the  footpath,  is  a  tall  ancient  cross,  and  in  the  garth  of  the  church  is 
another  magnificent  cross,  covered  to  the  top  with  old  moss,  and  not  less 
than  fourteen  feet  high,  placed  in  a  huge  pedestal  of  red  granite,  the 
corners  of  which  are  all  rounded  by  the  action  of  the  sea  air.  Well 
might  Dr.  Johnson  be  deeply  impressed  with  the  appearance  of  this 
hallowed  spot !  I  had  one  regret  on  viewing  it,  which  was,  that  in 
Britain  we  have  Antiquarian  Societies  all  over  the  land,  and  an  Archae- 
ological Institute,  and  among  these  bodies  no  attempt  has,  to  my  know- 
ledge, been  made  to  throw  a  roof  over  some  suitable  portion  of  these 
ruins,  and  gather  the  remaining  monuments  under  it,  that  they  may  be 
preserved  to  future  times,  telling  those  who  come  after  us  what  was 
done  in  lona  during  the  early  period  of  our  church  history. 

The  lighter  departments  of  our  literature  have  charms,  however,  for 
us,  equally  powerful  as  carved  stones.  I  landed  at  Greenock  to  see  the 
last  resting  place  of  "Highland  Mary,"  the  girl  who  caught  attention, 
and  drew  forth  some  beautiful  strains  from  the  great  national  poet  of 
Scotland.  A  large  and  very  beautiful  monument  is  placed  at  the  head 
of  her  grave.  On  journeying  to  Ayr  and  Alloway  Kirk,  I  made  free  to 
intrude  upon  the  privacy  of  Misses  Agnes  and  Isabella  Begg,  nieces  of 
Robert  Burns.  Two  months  ago,  I  exhibited  in  this  room  specimens  of 
the  bard's  handwriting,  and  drew  thereby  an  inference  respecting  his  per- 
sonal appearance.  Accordingly,  it  was  with  no  small  satisfaction  that  I 
learned,  from  the  lips  of  these  amiable  members  of  the  Burns  family,  the 
correctness  of  my  supposition,  for  his  eyes  and  hair  were  not  black,  but  of 
dark  brown.  I  also  visited  the  poet's  daughter,  Mrs.  Thomson,  at 
Hope  Cottage,  near  Glasgow,  and  thought  I  discovered,  in  her  eyes  and 
brow,  much  of  the  intellectual  expression  we  see  in  the  portraits  of  her 
father.  Charles  Dickens  himself  is  not  more  remarkable  for  this  pecu- 
liarity of  countenance. 

When  at  Glasgow,  I  could  not  forbear  going  over  to  Stirling,  and,  in 
company  with  my  two  young  friends,  Mr.  Kennedy  and  Mr.  Simpson, 
for  we  still  kept  together,  I  walked  once  more  over  the  ground  at  Ban- 
nockburn.  "We  were  again  so  fortunate  as  to  meet  Mr.  Laird,  game- 
keeper on  the  estate,  another  frank  and  intelligent  man,  who  pointed 
out  to  us  several  localities  connected  with  the  history  of  the  battle. 
What  I  learned  only  tended  to  confirm  my  opinion  of  the  great  talents 
Robert  Bruce  possessed  as  a  consummate  general.  In  case  of  defeat,  he 
had  done  all  he  could  to  preserve  the  remainder  of  his  army  ;  but  for- 


52  ROMAN   CARLISLE. 

tune  at  last  smiled  upon  him,  and  he  became,  through  the  means  he 
possessed,  the  instrument  of  saving  his  country  from  foreign  dominion. 

[Mr.  White  also  described  the  stool  or  rather  bench  of  repentance 
preserved  in  the  west  church  of  Greenock.  Dr.  Bruce  has  seen  the 
rebuke  administered  in  Glasgow.  The  punishment  is  permitted  by  law 
in  England,  but  its  enforcement  and  its  white  sheet  and  other  accom- 
paniments are  fading  into  tradition.] 


ROMAN  CARLISLE. 

DR.  BRTTCE  has  given  some  information  and  exhibited  sketches  obtained 
from  Mr.  Henry  T.  "Wake,  of  Scotby,  of  some  Roman  remains  discovered 
in  May  last,  on  the  site  of  Mr.  Thomas  Blair's  house,  near  the  "  Journal" 
office  in  English  Street,  Carlisle ;  in  rebuilding  which  office,  it  will  be- 
remembered,  former  discoveries  took  place.  There  are  three  inscribed 
stones.  One  with  a  sunk  square  at  the  top,  evidently  for  the  reception 
of  statues  of  the  goddess-mothers,  the  Pates,  is  inscribed  in  two  lines  : 

MATRIB.  PARC  PRO  SALVT — SAXCTIAE  GE3IINAE. 

Another,  a  votive  altar,  with  the  name  IA^VAEIVS  amongst  other 
lettering,  is  very  mutilated.  The  third,  though  mutilated,  has  a  perfect 
inscription  : — PARCTS — PROBO — DONATALIS — PATER,  v.  s. — L.  ivr. 

The  coins  found  are  corroded  and  unimportant ;  one  seems  to  be  a 
small  brass  of  the  Lower  Empire.  Among  the  fragments  of  Samian 
ware  is  one  stamped  .  .  AEMELIANVS.  Some  large  oak  cisterns,  puddled 
with  clay,  brought  from  a  distance,  have  also  been  found.  The  two 
first  were  supposed  to  be  coffins,  but  a  third  proved  to  be  6  feet  square ; 
Their  boards  were  about  1J  in.  thick,  and  were  fastened  together  with 
wooden  pegs. 

In  the  same  street  some  other  relics  of  Rrman  dominion  had  also  been 
found  not  long  before.  There  was  a  little  glass  lachrymatory,  entire, 
and  many  fragments  of  Samian  and  other  pottery ;  among  them  the 
following  : — A  mortarium  with  spout,  a  large  piece,  stamped  in  two 
places  with  AVSTIMANV.  A  Samian  mortarium,  with  a  hole  through  it,  and 
a  lion's  mouth,  through  which  the  liquid  ran.  A  piece  of  a  vessel  made 
of  a  dark  slate-coloured  material,  glazed,  and  very  hard  and  thin, 
slightly  ornamented  with  diagonal  dashes  placed  close  together,  and, 
to  Mr.  "Wake's  eye,  of  finer  pottery  than  the  best  Samian  ware  that  he 
had  seen. 


HALTWHISTLE  AND  THE  ROMAN  WALL.  53 


COUNTRY  MEETING,  23  AUGUST,  1861. 


HALTWHISTLE  AND  THE  KOMAN  WALL. 

THE  church  of  Haltwhistle  forms  the  first  object  of  curiosity.1  It  is 
described  as  being  wholly  Early  English  (modernisms  excepted),  with 
three  elegant  lancets  in  the  east  end,  and  trefoiled  sedilia.  On  the  left 
of  the  altar  lies  a  recumbent  figure,  minus  the  legs,  but  still  displaying 
the  well  known  corn-sheaves  and  fess  of  the  Blenkinsops  on  his  shield. 
On  the  right  is  the  remarkable  tombstone  figured,  under  the  fourteenth 
century,  in  Boutell's  Christian  Monuments.  On  the  dexter  of  a  flori- 
ated cross  is  a  sword  with  a  shield  bearing  the  arms  of  Blenkinsop,  on 
the  sinister  a  pilgrim's  staff  and  scrip,  the  latter  charged  with  a  single 
corn-sheaf.  Partly  behind  a  pew  on  the  left  is  another  stone  possessing 
some  interest,  as  marking  by  some  uncouth  rhymes  (printed  in  Bell's 
Ehymes  of  Northern  Bards,  210)  the  resting  place  of  Bishop  Bidley's 
brother,  "  the  laird  of  Waltoun."  The  pews  of  the  seventeenth  century 
have  had  their  terminations  sawn  off,  and  the  church  generally  has  suf- 
fered not  a  little. 

There  are  at  least  two  other  attractions  in  Haltwhistle.  One,  the  Castle- 
hill,  a  natural  mound  of  earth,  with  a  wall  on  its  southern  side,  but 
furnished  with  a  picturesque  camp  by  throwing  a  barrier  round  the  top 
to  the  east,  north,  and  west.  The  other,  a  fine  peel-house,  said  to  be 
the  manor-house,  situate  "  on  the  north-eastern  side  of  the  village,  on 
the  slope  of  the  bank  above  the  bum.  On  the  south-west  corner  of 
this  building  is  a  small  projecting  turret,  with  peep-holes ;  a  winding 
stone  stair  leads  up  to  the  second  floor,  which  consists  of  thin  stone  flags 
laid  upon  massive  wooden  rafters," 

These  are  Mr.  Robert  White's  words,  and  let  him  describe  the  beau- 
tiful scenery  awaiting  the  progress  of  his  brethren  along  the  Haltwhistle 
Burn.  "At  a  rapid  turn,  among  rocks  gleaming  out  amid  the  green 

1  See  Hodgson,  part  2,  vol.  iii.,  123,  as  to  the  remains  of  an  earlier  cemetery,  where 
it  is  supposed  that  a  former  church  stood.  "  In  all  old  authorities  the  name  is  com- 
monly written  Hautwysel,  Hautwisel,  or  Hautwysill."  The  church  is  dedicated  to 
St.  Aidan,  the  first  bishop  of  Lindisfarne. 


54  HALTWHISTLE  AND  THE  ROMAN  WALL. 

trees  which  shadow  them,  may  be  seen  the  stream,  coloured  by  the 
moss  whence  it  has  come,  and  brawling  over  the  stony  channel  till  its 
waves  are  whitened  into  foam.  On  the  upper  side  of  the  bridge,  look- 
ing down,  is  another  lovely  prospect.  The  water  glides  onward  till,  at 
a  short  distance,  it  washes  the  bottom  of  a  grey  rock,  whose  summit 
reaches  a  bank,  which  is  covered  with  heather,  at  this  season  in  full 
bloom  and  beauty." 

Where  this  pretty  rivulet  crosses  the  Stanegate,  a  large  temporary 
encampment  of  the  Romans  is  reached.  Here  they  have  had  a  quarry, 
and  Mr.  Clayton  tells  the  tourists  that  on  a  removal  of  earth  some  years 
ago,  from  the  upper  part  of  the  rock,  he  saw  the  inscription  LEGW  vi, 
Tiictrix.  He  gave  directions  to  have  the  inscription  preserved,  but  the 
next  time  he  passed  it  was  gone.  Let  antiquaries  copy  while  they  may. 

Diverging  from  the  burn,  the  Wall  is  reached  at  the  Cawfields  mile- 
castle,  which  was  excavated  by  Mr  Clayton,  its  owner,  more  than  ten 
years  ago,  and  ^revealed  that  these  little  forts  had  wide  and  massive 
portals  opening  to  the  north  as  well  as  to  the  south.  But  massive  as 
the  masonry  is,  some  of  the  stones  have  recently  been  overturned,  a  fact 
not  surprising  when  we  consider  how  merciless  is  the  destruction  in 
later  piles,  and  of  holier  associations,  by  Northumbrians,  but  not  by 
uneducated  ones.  To  the  present  paragraph  might  well  be  appended 
the  words  which  closed  the  last. 

The  Wall  is  measured  at  Cawfields,  and  found  to  be  in  width  8  feet 
9  inches.  Proceeding  westward,  the  north  of  the  crags  is  taken,  and 
their  massive  grandeur  much  enjoyed.  A  nd  now  the  burn  is  again 
reached,  cutting  the  Wall,  and  is  not  fordable.  This  is  a  misadventure 
which  none  of  the  party,  not  even  Mr.  Clayton  or  Dr  Bruce,  have  ex- 
perienced before.  So  the  bridge  must  again  be  reached,  and  the  tra- 
vellers return  to  the  Wall  on  the  western  side  of  the  stream.  At 
Haltwhistle  Burn-head  Mr.  Campbell  indicates,  in  the  wall  of  an  out- 
house, a  centurial  stone,  bearing  two  rude  lines  of  inscription,  seemingly 
o  LOGVS — SVAVI.  A  stone  similarly  inscribed  is  in  Mr.  Clayton's  posses- 
sion at  Chesters.  So  a  centurion,  Logus  Suavis,  has  commanded  a  troop 
engaged  on  the  building  of  the  Wall,  and  his  name  is  perpetuated  in 
the  stones  designating  the  commencement  and  termination  of  each  por- 
tion of  the  great  undertaking. 

-3Ssica,  or  Great  Chesters,  is  reached.  Mr.  Lowes  receives  his  visitors 
with  all  hospitality,  and  shows  two  carved  stones  which  have  been  dug 
out  of  the  station.  He  says  that,  some  years  ago,  parties  would  come  and 
dig  holes  in  the  ancient  works  under  the  shade  of  night,  and  depart  before 
daylight.  Here,  too,  Mr.  White  has  something  to  say,  but  his  reflections 


HAL  WHISTLE  AND  THE  ROMAN  WALL.  55 

on  the  Roman  sway  bend  to  tho  laws  of  rhyme  and  measure,  and  are  ad- 
dressed "To  a  Friend  on  visiting  the  Roman  Wall."  They  will  doubt- 
less one  day  appear  in  a  collection  of  his  effusions.  Meantime  we  must 
again  resort  to  his  prose,  more  useful  if  not  more  elegant,  and  with  him 
"  pass  Cockmount,  and  ascend  still  higher  on  the  north  side  of  the  "Wall, 
till  we  see  for  several  hundred  yards  the  barrier,  consisting  of  eight  and 
nine  courses  of  stone,  reaching  above  the  head  of  Dr.  Bruce  when  he 
stands  close  to  it.  The  loftiest  point  is  the  summit  of  Walton  Crags, 
about  860  feet  above  sea  level,  and  from  here  the  view  around  in  every 
direction  is  delightful.  Solway  Firth  stretches  up  into  the  level  land 
to  the  west,  like  a  waving  stripe  of  silver.  Wide  moors  extend  far  to 
the  north,  making  one  sigh  for  the  fair  fields  arid  fertile  plains  of  the 
southern  counties  of  England.  Descending  abruptly  from  this  eleva- 
tion, the  excursionists  approach  Walton  and  its  surrounding  scenes, 
'hallowed  by  the  early  footsteps  of  the  martyr  Ridley.'  King  Ar- 
thur's Well,  close  to  the  ruined  Wall,  with  some  carved  stories  lying 
about  it,  is  visited.  Passing  over  the  '  bright  blue  limestone  which 
covers  the  whin  rock,'  some  chive  garlic,  which  grows  wild  here,  is 
pulled  and  tasted.  Then  Walton,  with  its  old  memories,  is  left  behind, 
and  we  press  forward  by  a  road  that  runs  on  the  sunny  side  of  the 
'  Nine  Kicks  of  ThirlwalT  to  the  station  of  Magna,  or  Carvoran."  This 
was  visited  by  the  Society  two  years  ago,  and  need  not  be  reverted  to. 
The  tourists  proceed  to  Gilsland,  and  dine  there  before  their  return  to 
Newcastle. 

Mr.  White  observes  that  "  those  who  wish  to  see  the  Roman  Wall  in 
its  best  state  of  preservation  cannot  do  better  than  go  by  rail  to  Green- 
head,  where  they  can  examine  the  ruins  of  Thirlwall  Castle,  and  the 
station  of  Magna,  pass  over  the  Nine  Nicks  of  Thirlwall,  examine  Wal- 
ton, and  ascend  the  crags  above  it  to  the  north-east ;  then  descend  to 
Great  Chesters,  and  see  Cawfields  Mile -castle.  If  tired  here,  they  can 
turn  down  to  Haltwhistle ;  but  if  they  have  nerve  and  strength  left, 
they  can  advance  on  to  Borcovicus,  seeing  the  Northumberland  Lakes 
as  they  proceed,  where  they  will  be  much  gratified,  and  then  bending 
southward  to  Bardon  Mill,  the  train  will  take  them  up,  and  convey 
them  homeward  on  their  way." 


5C  AN  ANTIQUE  MANTLEPIECE, 


MONTHLY  MEETING,  4  SEPTEMBER,  1861. 
John  Fenwiclc,  Esq.,   V.P.,  in  the  Chair. 

DONATIONS. — From  Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith.  Reponse  de  M.  Boucher  de 
Perthes  aux  Observations  faites  par  M.  E.  Robert  sur  le  Diluvium  du 
Departement  de  la  Somme.  —  By  Mr.  Edward  Thompson.  A  Prussian 
coin  of  1703,  found  by  him  on  the  Leazes.  —  By  the  Rev.  James 
Everett.  A  rubbing  from  the  brasses  on  the  gravestone  of  Sir  John 
Radcliffe  in  Crosthwaite  church. 

BUEMESE  IDOL.  —  The  Rev.  E.  Hussey  Adamson  sends  for  exhibition 
an  ancient  figure  of  the  Burmese  Idol,  Gaudama,  brought  home  by  his 
brother,  Captain  Adamson,  37th  Grenadiers,  M.  N.  I.,  who  was  stationed 
sometime  at  Tongoo,  where  it,  with  several  others,  was  dug  out  of  a 
pagoda  which  was  demolished  in  the  construction  of  some  new  fortifi- 
cations. 

LIBBARY  CATALOGUE.  —  Resolved,  that  a  Catalogue  of  the  Society's 
books,  prints,  and  drawings  be  forthwith  prepared  by  Mr.  Dodd,  and  be 
printed  to  range  with  the  Archasologia  JEliana,  extra  copies  being 
printed  off  for  sale. 


AN  ANTIQUE  MANTELPIECE,  AT  WINTRINGHAM, 

NEAR  ST.  NEOT'S. 
BY  THE  REV.  JAMES  EVERETT. 

AT  Wintringham,  near  St.  Neot's,  in  Huntingdonshire,  is  an  old 
house,  with  from  five  to  six  hundred  acres  of  land  attached  to  it.  The 
house  has  been  considerably  renewed  at  one  end,  and  entirely  so  in  the 
front.  One  of  the  large  projecting  mantlepieces,  curiously  carved 
with  letters  and  figures,  is  still  entire,  of  which  I  took  a  drawing  in 
July,  1845.  Several  of  the  old  timbers,  panellings,  mouldings,  &c  ,  are 
also  to  be  seen,  with  the  original  staircase.  In  connexion  with  the  lat- 
ter, and  forming  part  of  it,  is  a  curiously  constructed  place,  which,  un- 
less pointed  out,  would  escape  the  cursory  notice  of  a  stranger.  It  goes 
by  the  name  of  "  the  Priest's  Hole ;  "  and,  according  to  tradition,  was 
the  place  in  which  the  priest  was  wont  to  conceal  himself  in  "troub- 
lous times."  It  will  admit  of  a  person  standing  upright  in  it,  with  his 
hands  and  arms  pinioned  by  his  side ;  and  there  he  might  hear  all  that 
might  be  said  in  the  adjoining  rooms,  together  with  the  feet  of  persons 
passing  to  and  fro,  without  suspicion. 


AT  WINTRINGHAM,  NEAR  ST.  NEOT'S.  57 

Tradition  also  states,  that  Elizabeth  was  here  during  the  reign  of 
Mary.  The  building  has  all  the  appearance  of  having  been  a  religious 
house.  The  house,  barn,  stables,  and  garden,  all  surrounded  by  a  moat, 
still  filled  with  water,  occupy  not  less  than  an  acre  of  ground.  Found- 
ations of  other  buildings,  now  covered  with  grass,  are  traceable  on  the 
outside  of  the  large  moat,  with  a  moat  of  their  own,  evidently  connected 
with  the  house,  which  tradition  marks  out  as  the  site  of  the  chapel. 
The  original  dove-cote,  nested  from  top  to  bottom  on  four  sides,  occupies 
its  ancient  position  ;  and  other  out-buildings  bear  the  marks  of  great  age. 

The  earliest  date  on  the  old  mantlepiece  is  1567;  the  probability, 
therefore,  is  that  if  any  portion  of  the  carvings  are  to  be  considered 
commemorative  of  Elizabeth's  visit  or  temporary  residence,  they  must 
have  been  executed  after  her  ascension  to  the  throne,  whatever  might 
have  been  the  period  of  her  visit,  the  initials  being  inappropriate  during 
the  reign  of  her  sister  Mary.  The  persecutions  endured  by  Elizabeth, 
her  confinement  at  Woodstock,  and  removals  from  place  to  place,  are 
matters  of  history. 

The  letters  "R.P."  and  "E.P."  on  the  mantelpiece  are,  in  all  proba- 
bility, the  initials  of  the  names  of  two  of  the  family  of  the  Paynes,  male 
and  female,  who  formerly  possessed  the  property.  Sir  Walter  Mildmay 
might  be  a  successor  of  the  Paynes,  as  they  —  in  reading  from  left  to 
right  —  may  be  supposed  to  take  precedence.  The  date  below  his 
name,  may  denote  either  the  date  of  the  carving,  or  the  period  of  his 
entering  upon  the  property. 

The  main  features  of  the  mantelpiece  are  two  armorial  panels.  The 
first  presents  the  royal  arms,  France  (the  fleurs-de-lis  arranged  1  and  2 
instead  of  2  and  1)  and  England  quarterly.  At  the  sides  of  the  base 
are  the  letters  l *  E. R."  Above  the  shield  is  a  sort  of  a  cap  of  liberty  upon 
which  is  a  small  cross,  and  at  the  sides  of  this  an  inscription  on  a  scroll 
or  curtain  attacked  by  a  serpent : — DNV  .  A  .  DNO — SPALM  112.  Below  the 
shield  is  spies .  MEA  .  IN  .  DEO  .  EST.  To  the  right  of  the  above  is  the  other 
coat : — Per  fess  nebulee,  in  chief  some  bird  (a  martlet  or  chough  ?)  in 
base  a  greyhound's  head  couped.  Above  the  shield  : — SIB,  .  WALTER  . 

MILDMAY  .  A°.    DNI.    M.D.LX.VII.         Below    it  I — VEKITAS  .  VINCIT  .  OMNTA. 

The  arms  given  to  Sir  Walter  in  Glover's  ordinary  are : — Per  fess 
nebulee,  argent  and  sable,  three  greyhounds'  heads  counterchanged,  col- 
lared gules,  studded  gold.  To  the  left  of  the  royal  arms  are  some  other 
panels.  On  two  crown-like  objects  are  the  initials  R.P.  and  E.P.  Below 
the  former  is  NOSSE  (nosce]  TEIPSVM  ;  below  the  latter  MEMENTO  .  MOEI  . 
Next  to  Mildmay 's  coat  is  an  ascending  scroll  inscribed  TENET  .  COPVLA  . 
IEEVPTA  .  AMPLI  (ample?}  below  which  the  date  1567  is  repeated. 

VOL.  VI.  K 


58  ANCIENT   CHIRURGERY. 

From  the  new  edition  of  the  Monasticon,  we  find  that  the  Prior  of 
St.  Neot'sheld  extensive  possessions  in  Wintringham,  and  an  inquisition 
of  his  possessions  taken  13  April,  44  Edw.  III.,  heads  them  by  mention- 
ing that  he  "has  at  Monkesherdwyk  and  Wyntryngham,  in  the  same 
parish  of  St.  Neots,  a  messuage  called  Monkesgraunge,  which  same 
messuage  is  worth  nothing  yearly  beyond  reprises.  The  fruits  and 
herbage  there  are  worth  yearly  18d.  The  same  prior  holds  there  720 
acres  of  land,  &c."  In  1536,  Henry  VIII.  granted  to  Sir  Eichard 
Williams,  alias  Cromwell,  the  site  of  the  monastery  and  all  his  messu- 
ages, lands,  &c.,  called  the  demesne  lands  of  the  monastery  in  the  towns, 
fields,  parishes  or  hamlets  of  Seynt  Neds,  Wynteringham,  and  Harde- 
wyke.  Sir  Henry  Cromwell,  his  eldest  son  and  heir,  "the  Golden 
knight"  and  the  grandfather  of  the  Protector,  was  highly  esteemed  by 
Elizabeth,  who  slept  at  his  seat  of  Hinchinbrook  in  1564.  And,  in 
1597,  Francis  Cromwell,  Esq.,  of  Hardwick,  died  seised  of  "  the  site  of 
the  monastery  of  St.  Neot's  (called  'the  Fermerie'),  and  80  acres  of 
pasture  at  Great  and  Little  Wintringham  ('the  Birches'),  held  of  the 
crown  by  military  service." 


AKCIENT  CHIRTJBGEKY. 

THE  Society  of  Barber-Chirurgeons,  with  Chandlers,  of  Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne,  have  presented  their  startling  collection  of  old  and  deadly  surgi- 
cal weapons  wherewith  the  lieges  were  of  old  tormented,  to  our  anti- 
quarian museum.  Among  them  are  "  cauters  actual"  to  burn  the  ends 
of  the  veins  after  amputation,  a  process  much  commended  in  cases  of 
putrefaction  above  "  knitting  "  with  the  ligator  by  Dr.  Peter  Lowe  in  his 
"Discourse  of  the  whole  art  of  Chyrurgerie,"  published  in  the  early 
part  of  the  1 7th  century.  The  curious  may  refer  to  this  book  for  repre- 
sentations of  the  old  instruments  and  all  the  horrors  of  their  application. 
Above  the  case  in  which  the  specimens  are  hung  is  a  spirited  carving  of 
the  insignia  of  the  fellowship. 

AKMS.  Quarterly :  1  and  4,  Black,  three  silver  fleams ;  2  and  3, 
Silver,  a  red  rose  crowned  and  seeded  in  gold.  Between  the  four  quar- 
ters, a  red  cross  of  St.  George,  charged  with  a  golden  lion  passant 
guardant. 

CBEST.     A  gold  opinicus  with,  wings  indorsed. 

MOTTO.     De  prescientia  Dei. 

SUPPOBTEBS.  Two  red  panthers,  spotted  with  black,  gorged  and 
chained  in  gold. 


DOCUMENTS  TOUCHING  STAINTON  IN  THE  CRAGS.  59 

Some  differences  will  be  found  between  these  bearings  and  those  of 
the  London  Company.  It  would  be  very  desirable  if  the  local  evidences 
of  the  burghal  heraldry  were  collected.  Walker  and  Richardson,  in 
their  compilation,  professedly  reduced  the  arms  of  the  companies  to  the 
descriptions  in  Edmondson's  Heraldry,  forgetting  the  honesty  of  local 
distinctions,  and  the  variations  of  the  London  coats  at  different  periods. 

Besides  the  instruments,  the  gift  comprises  a  wooden  case.  The  door 
is  painted  with  a  grisly  skeleton,  and  when  opened  discloses  "  An  Ab- 
stract of  Orders  to  be  kept  and  observed  among  the  Fellowshipp  of  Bar- 
ber Chirurgeons,  "Wax  and  Tallow  Chandlers,  in  Newcastle  upon  Tine." 
Two  columns  respectively  comprise  those  found  "  in  the  Book  of  Orders," 
and  those  "  in  the  Ordinary." 


DOCUMENTS  TOUCHING  STAINTON  IN  THE  CBAGS. 

EXTEACTED  BY  W.  H.  BllOCKETT  FROM  THE  SlEEATLAM  MuNTMENTS. 

THE  second  of  these  is  important  in  connection  with  the  pedigree  of 
the  Headlams  given  in  4  Surtees's  Durham,  98,  99,  and  gives  the 
curious  addition  of  Alanson  to  the  grantor's  name.  The  third  is  a 
more  satisfactory  buttress  than  any  of  the  somewhat  similar  documents 
there  quoted  to  the  authenticity  of  the  remarkable  memorandum  printed 
in  3  Surtees's  Durham,  266.  The  latter,  bearing  internal  evidence  of 
a  date  after  1474,  is  only  quoted  from  "Johnson's  MSS.,"  and  perpetu- 
ates a  "  foul  rebuke"  administered  by  the  bishop's  justice  itinerant,  be- 
fore 1457,  in  the  session  at  Sadberge  on  the  Hyll,  to  the  parson  of 
Rombaldkirk,  who  had  taken  unlawful  seisin  of  Stainton  without  let- 
ters of  attorney,  and  swore  that  the  estate  he  took  was  lawful,  in  sup- 
port of  a  feoffinent  alleged  to  have  been  made  by  "  Henry  Hedlem, 
and  his  atturney  Jak  Godwyn."  We  have  not  seen  any  charter  of  feoff-* 
ment  from  Henry  de  Hedlam,  but  it  probably  occurs  in  the  Streatlam 
archives.  Among  them  is  a  release,  as  if  the  feoffment  was  thought  to 
have  been  duly  made.  The  seal  is  gone.  The  writing  is  peculiar,  as 
if  the  writer  rested  on  the  right  hand  part  of  the  point,  instead  of  the 
left  one  as  usual  in  mediaeval  caligraphy.  Perhaps  it  is  the  hand- 
writing of  Jack  Godwin  himself.  An  abstract  of  it  forms  our  first 
document.  Eppilly  succeeded  Laton  at  Eomaldkirk  in  1432, 

I.  A.D.  1415. — Pateat  universis  per  presentes  quod  ego,  Henricus  de 
Hedlam,  remisi,  relaxavi,  et  omnino,  pro  me  et  heredibus  meis,  quietum 
clamavi  Thomse  Sourale  de  Castrobernardi  et  Johanni  de  Eppilby  ju- 
niori,  capellanis,  totum  jus  et  clameum  quso  habeo,  habui,  seu  quovis- 


60  THE  SAXON  INSCRIPTION  AT  BECKERMONT. 

modo  habere  potero,  in  omnibus  terns  et  tenementis  meis,  redditibus  et 
serviciis,  commoditatibus  proficuis  communis  et  juribus  quibuscumque, 
cum  omnibus  suis  pertinenciis,  qua3  habui  in  villa  et  territorio  de  Stayn- 
ton  in  le  Karres.  Ita  vero  quod  nee  ego,  &c.  Et  ego,  &c.  warantizabi- 
mus,  &c.  In  cujus,  &c.  Hiis  testibus,  Domino  Johanne  de  Laton, 
Rectore  Ecclesia3  Sancti  Rumaldi,  Radulpho  Cradock,  Johanne  Jamez, 
Johanne  Cok,  Thoma  de  Nesham,  cum  aliis.  Datum  apud  Lirtyngton, 
die  Lunaa  proxima  ante  festum  Sancti  Gregorii  papse,  anno  regis  Henrici 
quinti  post  conquestum  Anglise  tercio. 

II.  A.D.  1439. — Sciant  presentes  et  futuri,  quod  ego  Johannes  Alanson 
de  Hedlam,  dedi,  concessi,  et  hac  presenti  carta  mea  confirmavi,  Galfrido 
de  Hedlam  filio  meo  et  "Willelmo  Belasys  de  Henknoll  consanguineo  meo 
omnia  terras,  tenementa,  redditus,  et  servicia  mea,  quee  habeo  in  villa 
et  territorio  de  Hedlam,  et  in  villis  et  territoriis  de  Ingilton  et  Stayn- 
toninle  Cragges.    Habenda — predictis  Galfrido  et  "Willelmo,  heredibus 
et  assignatis  eorum,  imperpetuum,    de  capitalibus  dominis  feodorum 
suorum,  per  servicia  inde  debita  et  de  jure  consueta.     Et  ego  vero  pre- 
dictus  Johannes  et  heredes  mei  omnia — warantizabimus.  —  Hiis  testibus, 
"Willelmo  Pudsay,  vicomite  Dunelm.,  Henrico  Alwent,  Johanne  Morton 
de  Morton,    Johanne  Bedale  de  Killerby,  et  multis  aliis.     Dat.  apud 
Hedlam,  sexto  die  mensis  Maii,  anno  regni  regis  Henrici  sexti  post  con- 
questum Anglise  septimodecimo. 

III.  A.D,  1442.—  Be  it  knawen  to  all  maner  of  men  that  thir  presentes 
Beys  or  herys  that  I  sir  Robert  Bower  prest  of  Bernardcastell  was  confes- 
seure  to  Jak  Godwyn  of  the  same  towne  knawleged  to  me  on  his  dede 
bed  that  he  neuer  deliuerd  possession  of  none  land  that  was  Henry 
Heidlames  in  Staynton  in  le  Cragges  and  the  forsaid  Henry  stode  full 
in  possession  the  day  of  his  dede.      And  for  alsmekill  as  it  is  mcclfull 
and  nedfull  euer  ilk  cristen  man  to  here  witnes  to  trewth,  I  the  forsaid 
sir  Robert  to  this  beforesaide  put  to  my  scale.     "Witnes  sir  John  Bower 
prest  Willyam  Bellacyse  and  Henry  Crostwayte.      Made  at  Bernard- 
castell the  fourt  day  of  may  the  yere  of  kyng  Henry  the  sexte  efter  the 
conquestum  twenty. 


THE  SAXON  INSCRIPTION  AT  BECKERMONT. 

UNTIL  the  publication  of  Mr.  Haigh's  reading  of  the  remaining  words  on 
one  of  the  two  broken  crosses  in  the  churchyard  of  St.  Bridget's,  Beck- 
ermont,  Cumberland,  the  monastery  of  Paegnalaech,  at  which  Tuda, 
bishop  of  Lindisfarne,  died  in  664,  was  generally  supposed  to  be  identical 
with  the  Pincanhalch  where  Archbishop  Eanbald  held  a  synod  in  798, 
and  consequently^ with  Eincalech,  the  modern  Einchale,1 

1  See  the  authorities  in  3  Archaeologia  JEliana,  4to  series,  103,  and  Reginald's  Life 
of  St.  Godric,  Surtees  Society,  69,  70. 


THE  SAXON   INSCRIPTION  AT  BECKERMONT.  61 

Mr.  Haigh,  as  will  be  remembered,2  read  the  inscription — 

Hir  tsegsed  Here  enclosed 

Tuda  soaear  Tuda  bishop, 

Quselm-ter  The  plague  destruction 

foran  fsels  e-  before,  the  reward 

rxnauuang-  of  Paradise 

as  aeftser  after. 

Thus  Beckermont  was  identified  with  Paegnalaech. 

But,  at  the  Carlisle  Congress  of  1859,  Mr  Maughan  proposed  the  fol- 
lowing version  : — 

Hir  baekne  Here  beacons 

tiida  setah  two  set  up 

qehen  Arlec  queen  Arlec 

for  sun  Athfe  for  her  son  Athfeschar. 

schar  bid  urra  Fray  for  our 

saula  souls. 

A  discrepancy  more  ludicrous  can  hardly  be  conceived.  Yet  Mr.  Haigh' s 
drawing  gives  a  perfect  legend,  and  Mr.  Maughan  says  that  the  inscrip- 
tion is  almost  perfect,  and  the  only  doubtful  part  the  t  of  setah,  which 
might  be  a  d.  He  traces  his  queen's  name  in  Arlecdon,  a  few  miles 
south-east  of  St.  Bridget's. 

The  REV.  FKED.  ADDISOIST,  of  Cleator,  in  the  immediate  neighbour- 
hood, has  exhibited  to  our  Society  two  very  careful  rubbings  of  the  in- 
scription, agreeing  in  all  respects  with  each  other,  disagreeing  materially 
in  the  perfect  sculptures  from  both  of  the  above  readings,  and  exhibiting 
an  amount  of  decay  in  the  inscription,  and  consequent  uncertainty  of 
any  reading,  which  was  not  anticipated.  His  conclusion  is,  that  the 
reading  has  not  yet  been  discovered. 

Such  a  communication  from  a  local  observer  unwedded  to  a  theory 
is  deserving  of  every  attention,  and  it  will  be  well  at  present  not  to  rely 
upon  the  inscription  as  an  evidence.  The  Editor  has  submitted  the  rub- 
bings to  Mr.  Haigh,  but  he  was  unable,  without  having  a  cast,  to  explain 
the  apparent  discrepancies  between  them  and  the  squeezed  paper  he  re- 
ceived from  Dr.  Parkinson. 

In  the  number  of  the  strokes  the  rubbings  much  resemble  the  en- 
graving in  Lysons's  volume  devoted  to  Cumberland,  though  the  curves 
in  that  publication  are  far  from  being  correct.  The  first  line  or  two  of 
the  inscription  may  be  wanting,  and  the  remainder  begin  in  the  middle 
of  a  sentence.  The  differences  between  the  more  perfect  parts,  as 
rubbed,  and  the  former  readings  are  obvious. 

2  See  1  Arch.  JEliana,  8vo,  149. 


62  THE  WINSTON  CROSS. 

The  fourth  of  the  letters  in  the  first  line  appears  to  have  been 
properly  read  by  Mr.  Haigh  as  T.  Judging  from  its  shape  there 
and  apparently  at  the  end  of  line  3,  there  is  no  room  for  its  arm 
in  the  supposed  word  TTJDA.  At  the  close  of  the  same  line  there  is  a 
stroke  fewer  than  in  Mr.  Haigh' s  drawing,  and  other  material  varia- 
tions. The  third  line  seems  to  end  in  ET.  A  careful  investigation  of 
the  stone  by  a  competent  authority  may  detect  misconceptions  of  the 
more  perfect  parts  of  these  rubbings  and  supply  omissions  of  worn  de- 
tail. A  cast  of  the  inscription  was  exhibited  at  the  Carlisle  Congress 
by  Mr.  John  Dixon,  bookseller,  Whitehaven. 

MR.  DIXON,  since  the  foregoing  remarks  were  written,  has  kindly  for- 
warded his  cast,  which  amply  bears  out  the  accuracy  of  Mr.  Addison's 
rubbings. 


THE  WINSTON  CROSS. 

ON  showing  the  Saxon  fragment  from  "Winston  (figured  at  p.  24)  to  Mr, 
Haigh,  he  offered  a  much  more  probable  explanation  of  one  side  than 
that  which  suggested  St.  Lawrence.  He  thought  that  the  harrow- 
shaped  object  was  the  chair  or  seat  on  which  a  figure  is  seated,  looking 
to  the  dexter.  Only  the  lower  part  of  this  figure,  which  is  dressed  in  a 
long  robe,  is  visible.  The  figures  in  niches  are  placed  in  a  relation  of 
adoration  to  him.  There  is  a  sitting  figure  on  a  chair  of  plainer  form 
on  one  of  the  Sandbach  crosses  in  Cheshire.  (See  Lysons's  Cheshire.) 


DURHAM  ABBEY  YARD. 

MR.  TRTTEMAN  has  exhibited  an  electrotype  facsimile  of  a  curious  object 
discovered  in  an  interment  in  the  Cathedral  burial  ground,  like  a 
small  handle,  or  a  loop  to  be  fastened  with  a  padlock.  It  bears  the 
French  maxim : — peu£l 


WARKWORTH   CHANCEL. 

THE  REV.  J.  W.  DUNN  has  exhibited  a  cast  of  a  small  incised  inscription 
on  the  interior  jamb  of  the  old  priest's  door  in  the  chancel  of  Wark- 
worth.  By  his  directions  it  has  been  carefully  preserved  in  the  recent 
repairs  of  the  church.  The  letters  seem  to  form  Hewyh,  or  some  such 
word,  in  a  mediaeval  cursive  hand.  Does  the  surname  ITeivison  give 
the  key  to  its  meaning  ?  The  commencing  letter  is  at  first  sight  rather 
like  a  b,  but  we  believe  it  to  be  a  capital  H. — (See  Lithogram,  p.  4.) 


WHICKHAM   CHURCH.  C3 


WHICKHAM  CHTJKCH. 
BY  W.  HYLTON  DYEK  LONGSTAFFE,  F.S.A. 

"  THE  church  of  Whickham  shows  much  antiquity  in  architecture, 
and  very  little  beauty."  So  Hutchinson  wrote  in  1787,  and  in  his  time 
the  whole  nave  was  ill-lighted"  but  he  probably  used  that  expression  in 
a  different  sense  to  that  in  which  we  may  now  too  truly  employ  it,  for 
he  speaks,  as  if  in  distinction,  of  the  chancel  having  been  lately  "  repaired 
and  sashed"  But  however  small  may  be  the  claims  of  the  venerable 
edifice  to  graceful  symmetry,  it  forms  by  no  means  an  unimportant  link 
in  the  valuable  chain  of  evidences  existing  in  this  county  for  the  archi- 
tectural history  of  the  twelfth  century,  so  full  of  wonders.  The  an- 
nouncement of  a  "  restoration,"  taking  the  word  in  the  technical  or  cant 
meaning  now  applied  to  it,  is  sufficiently  alarming  when  it  refers  to  an 
old  church,  as,  in  that  case,  it  generally  signifies  a  process  by  which 
11  the  ark  that  binds  two  ages,  the  ancient  and  the  young,"  is  stripped 
of  that  wholesome  office,  and  made  to  differ  in  no  very  perceptible  de- 
gree from  the  last  bran-new  chapel  "in  the  Gothic  style" — its  artistic 
tone  and  adjuncts  vanished,  and  its  interesting  sculptures  supplied  by 
copies  and  imaginary  supplies  of  departed  detail  which  may  be  right  or 
may  be  wrong,  and  which  proceed  from  as  much  feeling  as  that  which 
would  suggest  the  retracing  of  Shakspere's  signatures. 

But,  grievous  as  have  been  the  deeds  of  this  sort  in  the  county  pala- 
tine, it  does  not  appear  that  any  evil  intentions  exist  at  Whickham. 
The  walls  and  windows  and  northern  arches  have  been  so  altered  and 
tampered  with,  that  they  have  lost  all  their  original  character,  and  the 
north  part  of  the  church  generally  is  said  to  be  unsafe.  A  more  satis- 
factory reason  for  its  removal  and  reconstruction  is  to  be  found  in  the 
inadequacy  of  decent  accommodation  for  the  worship  of  the  village 
population.  The  north  wall  (remodelled  or  rebuilt  in  the  Perpendicular 
period)  is  to  be  supplanted  by  an  additional  row  of  arches  opening  into  a 
second  north  aisle.  Of  the  picturesque  effect  of  this  happy  mode  of  en- 
larging a  church,  a  good  notion  may  be  obtained  from  the  plan  of  the 
beautiful  Galilee  at  Durham.  The  windows  in  the  other  parts  of  the 
building,  which  have  either  been  stripped  of  their  tracery,  or  given  way 
to  the  most  barbarous  substitutions,  will  be  altered  for  the  better,  and, 


64  WHICKHAM   CHURCH, 

if  we  understand  the  matter  rightly,  the  only  portion  of  the  old  fabric 
to  be  left  untouched  will  be  the  chancel  arch,  the  arcade  separating  the 
south  aisle,  and  the  modest  tower. 

These,  however,  are  the  only  really  valuable  portions  of  the  'edifice. 
The  chancel  arch,  which  is  accompanied  by  a  hagioscope  or  squint  to 
give  a  sight  of  the  ceremonial  in  the  chancel  to  the  inmates  of  the  north 
aisle,  is  of  the  Norman  period,  with  scolloped  cushion  capitals  and  a 
sort  of  polypetalous  flower  filling  each  of  their  vacant  spaces.  The 
Norman  style  is,  at  the  best,  more  curious  and  quaint  than  elegant, 
and  therefore  it  would  be  useless  and  foolish  to  supply  these  certain 
evidences  by  any  valueless  copies,  For,  albeit  the  originals  display 
deep  cuttings  in  their  centres,  these  very  cuttings  afford  a  suggestion  of 
the  appearance  presented  by  the  church  when  a  screen  separated  the 
nave  from  the  chancel.  This  screen  was,  we  believe,  taken  away  to 
form  a  side  board  or  for  some  such  use.  It  seems  to  have  been  accom- 
panied by  the  customary  seats,  for  Hutchinson  says  that  "  the  chancel 
is  divided  from  the  nave  by  stalls." 

The  four  arches  of  the  south  aisle  are  circular,  without  moulding, 
save  a  slight  chamfer  on  their  edges.  Each  pillar  is  a  simple  cylinder, 
with  a  square  abacus,  the  abrupt  effect  of  the  corners  of  which  is  soft- 
ened by  four  stiff  and  peculiarly  moulded  ornaments  projecting  from  the 
circular  capital.  One  at  least  of  the  capitals  has  the  nail-head  ornament. 
They  are  well  worth  the  preservation  with  which  they  are  to  be  hon- 
oured, and  are  interesting  relics  of  that  age  of  transition  between  Nor- 
man and  Early  English,  in  which  "the  jolly  bishop,"  Pudsey,  figured 
so  largely  as  a  patron  of  the  arts.  The  arches  on  the  other  side,  which 
are  to  come  down,  are  similar,  but  the  capitals  are  plainer  and  without 
the  corner  ornaments.  They  have  been  much  mutilated,  and  the  re- 
semblance of  one  of  them  to  a  plain  classical  capital  may  only  be  the 
effect  of  tampering.  The  pillars  show  indications  of  rude  marbled  co- 
louring ;  and  above  all  the  arches  in  the  church  are  strange  additions  of 
sculptured  or  stucco  casts  of  countrified  cherubs'  heads. 

The  tower  seems  to  be  rather  more  advanced  in  style.  The  form  of 
its  belfrey  windows  is  not  common  in  the  district.  It  consists  of  two 
lights  rising  into  square-headed  trefoils. 

The  roof  is  covered  with  good  lead,  as  it  ought  to  be. 

The  first  mention  of  "Whickham  (spelled  "Quicham"  or  Quykhara,") 
is  in  Boldon  Buke,  1183,  but  the  place  then  had  a  full  compliment  of 
villans,  and  the  chancel  arch  at  least  is  of  older  date.  "We  need  not 
therefore  despair  of  the  occurrence  of  early  sculptured  stones  during  the 
demolition  of  the  doomed  portions  of  the  structure. 


WHICKHAM   CHUECH.  65 

Near  the  Gibside  pew — an  ugly  pinfold  at  the  east  end  of  the  south 
aisle — is  placed  the  classical  tribute  of  Robert  Surtees,  James  Raine, 
and  Chas.  Geo.  Young  (famous  names)  to  the  memory  of  John  Taylor, 
born  in  this  parish  of  honest  parents,  a  skilful  and  elegant  genealogist, 
who  had  the  misfortune  in  1822  to  die  at  Edinburgh,  and  be  buried  in 
the  churchyard  of  the  West  Kirk.  No  memorial  to  him  there  was  per- 
mitted, and  any  removal  of  his  remains  was  also  stoutly  resisted.  Sur- 
tees wrote  a  verse  or  two  on  the  occasion,  printed  among  his  poems 
published  by  the  Surtees  Society. 

A  s  Hutchinson  truly  observes,  the  west  end  of  the  church  is  "  crowded 
with  galleries,  thrown  into  four  angles."  In  the  centre  of  these  erec- 
tions are  two  boards,  curiosities  in  their  way,  one  informing  us  that  the 
gallery  was  erected  in  1711  at  the  charges  of  the  descendants  of  the  old 
villans,  to  wit  "  the  coppiholders  of  this  parish;"  the  other,  that  eleven 
years  afterwards,  1722,  it  was  "  beautified"  by  the  churchwardens, 
whose  names  of  course  are  duly  set  forth.  There  are  numerous  funeral 
hatchments  witli  the  arms  of  Carr,  Clavering,  Blenkinsop,  and  other 
local  names.  There  is  also  a  funeral  hatchment  for  King  George  III. 
These  are  attractive  to  the  herald,  give  an  agreeable  ancestral  air  to  the 
building,  bespeaking  of  the  respectability  of  the  parish,  and  contrast 
favourably  with  the  uninteresting  blankness  of  newer  erections.  "We 
hope  that  they  may  be  retained  in  some  nook  of  the  renovated  pile. 

The  font  is  ancient,  but  not  deserving  of  any  particular  remark.  The 
pulpit-cloth  and  altar-cloth,  though  not  very  old,  are  sufficiently  so  to 
excite  observation.  The  pulpit  cloth  has  the  letters  J.  C.  repeated  in 
cipher,  the  date  1720,  and  the  inscription,  "Ex  dono  Dna3  Jane  Cla- 
vering." The  altar-cloth  has  the  impaled  arms  and  the  crests  of  Bowes 
and  Blakiston,  with  the  initials  E.  B.,  referring  to  Dame  Elizabeth 
Bowes,  the  heiress  of  Gibside,  who  died  in  1736. 

The  monument  of  Dr.  Thomlinson,  who  seems  never  to  have  been 
weaiy  of  talking  about  his  charities,  is  well  known,  and  the  other 
monumental  features  of  the  place  may  be  seen  in  the  pages  of  Surtees. 
He  appears  to  have  been  amused  with  the  slabs  of  the  Hodgsons  (stated 
to  have  been  Quakers),  in  which,  like  some  others  of  early  date  in  the 
churchyard,  the  inscriptions  run  round  the  stones.  These  were,  upon 
a  cursory  view,  reported  as  the  monuments  of  two  Knights  Templars. 
They  are  of  the  reign  of  Charles  II.,  and  placed  at  the  west  end  of  the 
churchyard,  and  an  additional  inscription  states  that  they  were  removed 
out  of  a  field  at  the  west  end  of  Whickham  in  1784  by  Mr.  Eobert 
Hodgson,  a  druggist  of  London,  "  as  a  memorial  that  his  ancestors  were 
inhabitants  of  this  parish  and  had  lands  of  inheritance  therein,  as  may 


66  CAPTURE   OF   BISHOP   BEAUMONT. 

be  seen  by  the  division  of  lands  made  in  the  year  1691,  under  the  name 
of  Luke  Hodgson,  M.D.,  grandfather  of  the  said  Robert  Hodgson."  A 
singular  mode  of  perpetuating  a  testimony  of  title. 

The  above  notes,  written  during  the  last  hours  of  the  homely  appear- 
ance which  the  church  has  so  long  presented,  or  rather,  perhaps,  during 
the  first  hours  of  its  dismantling,  may  form  a  useful  record  at  this  time. 


THE  CAPTUKE  OF  BISHOP  BEAUMONT  IK  1317. 
BY  W.  HYLTON  DYER  LONGSTAFFE,  F.S.A. 

SOME  confusion  having  arisen  as  to  the  place  of  this  event,  which  has 
been  located  as  far  north  as  Hett,  and  as  far  south  as  Aycliffe,  I  have 
been  induced  to  examine  the  authorities,  and  I  come  to  the  conclusion 
that  ^Rushyford  is  entitled  to  the  preference.  The  apparent  discre- 
pancies, curiously  enough,  arise  out  of  contemporaneous  evidences. 

10  Sep.  1317.  King  Edward  II.,  narrating,  the  outrage  to  the  pope, 
states  that  the  bishop  was  proceeding  to  Durham  for  the  purpose  of 
being  consecrated  on  Sunday,  the  feast  of  S.  Cuthbert,  Sep.  4,  and  that 
on  Thursday,  Sep.  1,  the  robbers,  who  attacked  the  travellers,  came 
about  the  first  hour  of  the  day,  out  of  a  CERTAIN  WOOD,  distant  FROM 
THE  TOWN  OF  DERLINGTON,  six  OR  SEVEN"  MILES  (leucas) :   and  that  he, 
the  king,  on  hearing  of  the  matter,  had  come  to  York,  and  would  do 
his  best,  &c.  (Fcedera,  nov.  ed.,  ii.,  341.) 

1 1  Sep.  The  king,  writing  to  the  mayor  and  burgesses  of  Newcastle, 
and  commanding  those  who  owed  service  to  repair  to  York,  places  the 
event  in  a  certain  place  NEAR  (juxta)  TO  HETT  within  the  liberty  of  the 
lishoprick  of  Durham.  (Rotuli  ScotiaB,  i.,  177.) 

20  Sep.  The  king  issues  a  proclamation  for  the  satisfaction  of  the 
realm,  promising  full  punishment  for  the  offence,  which  he  places  AT 
ACHE  within  the  liberty  of  the  bishoprick  of  Durham.  (Fcedera,  nov. 
ed.,  ii.,  342.) 

30  Sep.  The  king,  providing  for  the  safety  of  Yorkshire,  speaks  of 
the  assult  as  AT  ACLE  in  going  towards  Durham.  (Rotuli  ScotiaB,  i,  179.) 

Graystanes,  the  local  historian,  writing  not  later  than  1333,  agrees 
with  the  letter  of  Sep.  10,  in  dating  the  intended  consecration  on  the 
feast  of  S.  Cuthbert  in  September,  and  the  attack  on  the  feast  of  S. 
Giles,  Sep.  1,  and  states  that  Gilbert  de  Midelton  and  his  armed  men 
met  the  bishop  elect  AT  THE  RUSHY-FORD  (Vadum  Cirporum),  BETWEEN 
FERI  AND  WODOM.  (Hist.  Dunclm.  Scriptores  Tres,  100.) 


CAPTURE  OF  BISHOP   BEAUMONT.  67 

A  passage  in  Leland's  Collectanea,  in  substance,  coincides  with  the 
last  authority.  The  words  are  BETWEEN  FEET  AND  WOTTOUN.  (Ed. 
priina,  torn,  i.,  pars,  ii.,  pag.  335.) 

Hollinshed  places  the  event  ON  WINGLESEON  MOOE.E,  near  unto  Dar- 
ing ton. 

Stowe's  account  is  not  clear,  "but  the  impression  left  upon  the  mind 
that  he  considered  the  moor  mentioned  by  his  predecessor  to  be  to  the 
south  of  Darlington  may  not  be  correct.  He  says  that  when  THEY  CAME 
NEAR  TTNTO  THE  TOWN  OF  DERLiNGTON,  certain  roller  8 1  breaking  out  of  A. 
VALLEY,  Gilbert  Middleton  and  Walter  Selly  leing  their  captains,  sud- 
denly set  upon  the  family  of  the  cardinals  and  of  Lodoivike  ON  WIGELSE- 

DEN  MOORE. 

The  only  modern  author  worth  quoting  on  the  subject  is  Robert 
Surtees,  who  was  of  course,  by  reason  of  vicinity,  familiar  with  every 
foot  of  the  ground.  "  At  the  Rushyfbrd,  midway  betwixt  the  small 
villages  of  Woodham  and  Ferry  hill,  the  road  crosses  a  small  and  sullen 
rivulet  in  a  low  and  sequestered  spot,  well  calculated  for  surprize  and 
the  prevention  of  escape. — In  Rymer's  Foedera,  the  robbery  is  said  to 
have  taken  place  at  Ai'le,  perhaps  Acle,  i.e.  Aycliffe,  three  miles  south 
from  Rushyford,  where  the  passage  over  the  Skern  would  be  equally 
convenient.  The  exploit  might  furnish  no  bad  subject  for  a  border 
ballad,  '  The  Bishop's  Raid.'  " 

Referring  to  Graystanes,  or  the  summary  of  his  account  in  Raine's 
Auckland,  for  much  curious  sequel  of  the  incident,  I  may  assume  as 
bases : — 1.  That  the  king  was  writing  from  hurried  narratives,  perhaps 
of  foreign  or  south-country  retainers  of  the  bishop,  who  had  continued 
their  journey  to  Durham,  and  had  passed  by  Darlington,  Aycliife,  and 
Hett :—- 2.  That  Graystanes,  a  Durham  man,  writing  when  matters  had 
settled  down,  was  more  likely  than  the  earlier  narrators  to  be  precise  : 
— 3.  That,  therefore,  his  account,  if  at  all  capable  of  reconciliation  with 
the  former  ones,  should  be  accepted  : — 4.  That  the  Aile  of  Surtees,  and 
possibly  of  the  old  edition  of  Rymer,  and  the  Ache  of  the  new.  edition, 
are  mistakes  for  the  Acle  of  the  Rotuli  Scotiae,  and,  consequently,  that 
Aycliffe  is  meant ;  the  Isle,  which  has  not  unreasonably  been  suggested 
to  me  as  the  place  meant,  lying  east  and  not  north  of  Woodham,  and 
not  being  likely  to  attract  the  notice  of  passing  travellers  on  the  great 
north  road  : — 5.  That  Winglesdon  or  Wiglesden  Moor  is  "Windleston 
Moor,  and  that  "Wodom  or  "Wottoun  is  Woodhain  : — 6.  That  the  medias- 
val  mile  or  leuca  is  one  mile  and  a  half  of  our  computation.  On  this 
head  the  evidence  collected  in  Ducange's  Dictionary  and  Kelhain's 
work  on  Domesday  Book  appear  to  be  decisive. 


68  CAPTUEE   OF  BISHOP   BEAUMONT. 

Thus  guided,  we  find  that  6  leucce  from  Darlington  would  be  9  miles, 
and  7  would  be  10J.  ISTow  Rushyford  is  9j,  and  the  expression  "  6  or 
7"  is  most  accurate.  How  faithfully  it  fulfils  the  conditions  of  the  spot 
is  well  brought  out  by  Surtees. 

Although  it  is  a  full  mile  further  from  Hett  than  from  Aycliffe,  yet 
it  is  much  nearer  to  it  than  to  Darlington ;  and  a  foreigner,  baiting  at 
Hett,  might  not  unnaturally  trace  the  distance  back  from  that  place, 
instead  of  forward  from  the  good  town,  which,  though  forewarned,  he 
had  foolishly  left,  and  call  Rushyford  near  to  Hett  rather  than  so  many 
miles  distant  from  Darlington. 

Again,  the  words,  "  at  Acle"  are  not  very  preposterous;  for  the 
parish  of  Aycliffe  includes  "Woodham,  and  exists  up  to,  or  nearly  up  to, 
Rushyford.  The  village  of  AyclifFe  was  the  largest  place  of  any  note 
through  which  the  travellers  had  passed. 

The  description  "  between  Ferry  (now  known  as  Eerry  Hill)  and 
"Woodham"  is  of  course  strictly  correct. 

As  to  the  moor  mentioned  by  Hollinshed  and  Stowe,  Rushyford  is  in 
the  township  of  Windleston,  and  one  of  the  chroniclers  must  have  had 
good  local  evidence  before  him. 

It  is  submitted,  therefore,  that  Rushyford,  and  no  site  nearer  to  Hett 
or  Aycliffe,  is  reajt{y  the  scene  of  action,  and  that  Mr.  Clephan  may 
safely  lay  "  The  Bishop's  Raid  "  at  that  well-known  spot,  redolent  of 
many  honest  recollections  of  the  glories  of  coaching  days.  He,  the 
said  local  poet,  has  truthfully  remarked  to  me  that  our  early  reports  of 
events  were  comparatively  unpublished,  and,  consequently,  often  remain 
uncorrected,  for  wTe  have  not  always  a  Graystanes. 

It  may  be  observed  in  conclusion,  that  the  name  of  Rushyford  occurs 
in  English  before  the  period  of  the  raid. 

In  the  grant  of  the  manor  of  Woodham  ("  Wodum"),  by  Prior  Richard 
[Hoton?  1289-1307]  to  Thomas  de  Whitworth,  in  the  13th  century, 
(3  Surtees,  418,)  the  boundaries  commence  ua  forthe  versus  Acle-moie 
quod  ducit  a  Windleston  usque  Derlyngton  per  petras  ex  parte  oriental! 
via3,"  and  proceed  along  the  confines  of  "Windleston  "usque  rivulum 
versus  Chilton-more  ex  parte  occidentali  le  Resliefforthe"  and  so  round 
by  this  rivulet,  and  the  Skerae,  and  ZFo^omburn,  back  to  the  first 
mentioned  forth  or  road.  It  is  curious  to  notice  that  in  the  words  of 
this  charter  which  are  printed  in  Italics,  we  have  all  the  names,  except 
Hett,  mentioned  by  the  authorities  in  describing  the  scene  of  "The 
Bishop's  Raid." 


CONTENTS  OF  PART  XVIII. 

PAGE 

Routine  Business  of  the  Society  and  minor  matters,  passim. 

Annual  Report 2 

Roman  Horse-Shoe  (with  illustrations.} — MR.  CLAYTON 3 

Corrupt  Orthography  of  Local  Names.— MK.  TURNER,  DR. 

BRUCE,  AND  MR.  CARR.                .          ..  5,11 

North  American  Antiquities.— MR.  WHITE        . .        . .        . .  6 

Inscription  on  the  Font  at  Bridekirk.— KEY.  W.  MONKHOUSE,  8 

The  Bridlington  Slab.— MR.  CAPE 11 

MS.  of  Gower's  Confessio  Amantis.— DR.  CHARLTON.       ..  12 

Andiron  found  near  Kielder.— THE  DUKE  or  NORTHUMBERLAND.  U 

Chichester  Cathedral  and  Bp.  NeviL— MR.   THOMPSON    ..  u 

StOUp  from  Ebb's  Nook.— MR.  HINDE          16 

Bookbinding,  Temp.  Henry.  VIII.— DR.  HOWARD      .         . .  10 

Old  Recipes-— DR.  CHARLTON        .,          ..         « 17 

Excavations  at  Corbridge.— DR.  BRUCE     ...        ..'       ..         .  is 
On    the  Temperament  and   Appearance   of   Robert 

Burns. — MR.  WHITE 22 

Winston  (with  illustrations.} — MR,  LONGSTAPFE      . .          . .          . .  24,  62 

Contract  for  a  Private  Coach. — MR.  JAMES  CLEPHAN     . .          . .  20 

Old  Barber's  Basin 28 

Jedburgh   Flags.— MR.  WHITE 28 

Jacobite  Relics  of  1715  and  1745.— DR.  CHARLTON,  . .        . .  29 

Ecclesiastical  Vestments.— DR.  CHARLTON  . .       . .                . .  34 

Linhope  Camp.— MR,  COULSON   ..                  37 

The  Hospitals  of  Greatham,  Gateshead,  and  Barnard- 
castle.—  MR.  BROCKETT           38 

Gold  Ornament  found  in  North  Tynedale.— DR.  CHARLTON  48 

The  Weavers'  Tower.— MR.  FENWICK                  48 

Notes  of  a  Tour  in  Scotland.— MR.  WHITE  49 

Roman  Carlisle.— DR.  BRUCE ..  52 

Haltwhistle  and  the  Roman  Wall        . .  53 
Antique  Mantlepiece,  at  Wintringham,  near  St.  Neot's. 

— THE  REV.  JAMES  EVERETT        . .          . .          . .          . .          . .          . .  56 

Ancient  Chirurgery        ..  58 

Documents  touching  Stainton  in  the  Crags.— MR.  BROCKETT  59 
The  Saxon  Inscription  at  Beckermont.— THE  REV.  F.  AD- 

DISON                 .  .              .  .              .  .              .  •              •  •              •  •                -              .  .              .  .  60 

Durham  Abbey  Yard.— MR.  TRUEMAN.                                   . .  02 

Warkworth  Chancel  (with  illustrations.)— REV.  J.  W.  DUNN.          . .  62 

Whickham    Church.— MR.  LONGSTAFFE                                              ..  63 

1  he  Capture  of  Bp.  Beamount  in  1317.— MR.  LONGSTAFFE  66 

gs*  With  this  Part  are  enclosed  the  Title,  Contents,  and  Index,  to  Tolurae  V. 


Monthly  Meetings  the  first  Wednesday  in  every  month,  at  the  Castle  of  Newcastle- 
uji'Hi-Tyne.  The  chair  will  be  taken  at  7  o'clock. 

Communications  for  the  Archseologia  JEliana  may  be  addressed  to  the  Editor,  W.  H.  D. 
LONGSTAFFE,  ESQ.,  3,  Ravensworth  Terrace,  Grateshead.