Devon & Cornwall notes & queries; a quarterly journal devoted to the local history, biography and antiquities of the counties of Devon and Cornwall

to

of iij*

of

Professor John Satterly
Department of Physics
University of Toronto

HANDBOUND
AT THE

UNIVERSITY OF

Devon Notes and Queries:

a Quarterly Journal devoted to the
LOCAL HISTORY BIOGRAPHY and
ANTIQUITIES of the County of
Devon edited by P F S AMERY
JOHN S AMERY and J BROOKING
ROWE FSA

Volume IV — Part V— January 1907

CONTENTS.

PAGE

The Symbolism of the Ancient Fonts
of Stoke Canon, St. Mary Church
and Alphington . . . . 129

Two Devonshire Goldsmiths . . 149

Rauff Bowring .. .. .. 150

Bowring, Haley, Halley, Hawley, Pike 140 Son^s of the West ' -

Thomas Carewe of Studley .. .. 140 Parish Apprentice Indenture .. 152

Eliot of Port Eliot . . . . . . 152

The Apologie of Colonel John Were 153

Aveton Giffard . . . . , . 175

Day and Curfew Bells . . . . 178

Review .... . . . . 179

The Church House, Thurlestone .. 180

Coffin-shaped Gravestone in Colyton

Church . . . . . . 141

Great Fire at Crediton . . . . 144

Richard Hill of Moreton . . . . 143

Preaux, Pruz, Prouse, Prowse . . 148

St. Leger and Aggett or Aggott . . 149

APPENDIX

THE HISTORY OF DEVONSHIRE SCENERY

by A. W. CLAYDEN, M.A.; Title, Index and Cancelled Leaf.

JAMES G GOMMIN

230 High Street
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OTICE.

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Font, St. Mary Magdalene, Stoke Canon.

Devon Notes and Queries. 129

81. THE SYMBOLISM OF THE ANCIENT FONTS OF STOKE
CANON, ST. MARY CHURCH, AND ALPHINGTON. — In the Middle
Ages symbolism was the soul of religious art ; the thought
behind any representation was more real than the thing itself.
The clergy were careful to explain the meaning to their con-
gregations, and probably the ignorant and simple learnt more
of the faith by their eyes than by their ears.

Symbols were often used in an arbitrary way, and it is not
always possible now to decipher the original intention. The
only way to elucidate it is to reach the unknown through the
known : if a figure or scene has the name inscribed on it, the
same name may reasonably be applied to a similar figure or
scene.

The sculpture on the font of Stoke Canon Church is very
similar to that found on Scottish crosses : these are considered
to have been carved soon after the introduction of Christianity,
at all events they were ancient before the twelfth century.
This would not prove that the font was of Saxon date, though
it is certainly very early ; the Keltic Church was isolated for
so long during Pagan Saxon rule that designs became stereo-
typed, and archaic forms survived ; though no doubt in the
hands of illiterate workmen additions and alterations might
be made which would modify the original intention and ob-
scure the symbolism.

Possibly this was the case at Stoke Canon ; at all events
the subject of the font is very puzzling. The following re-
marks only pretend to offer suggestions as to the inner mean-
ing without claiming to present a complete solution.

The font is carved from a block of extremely scoriated
lava, the general exterior form being square."'

On each side of the bowl is an interlaced cross of Greek
pattern, the form of decoration being a Romanesque variant
of Keltic. The crosses vary in pattern though they are
similar in style. Carved on each corner pillar is an animal
placed head downwards, the legs brought forward and pre-
senting a kind of trussed appearance, the tail curling from
under one leg. The open mouth encloses the head of a man

*In St. David's Church, Exeter, enclosed in the modern font is the
bowl of an ancient one, made in the same form as that at Stoke Canon,
with corner pillars and of the same lava, but not sculptured.

K

130

Devon Notes and Queries.

standing underneath, with arms raised in the ancient attitude
of prayer ; " lifting up holy hands." (I Tim., ii, 8).

These animals are certainly lions. In the valuable book,
Scotland in Early Christian Times, by Joseph Anderson, several
representations are given of Daniel in the lions' den, and in
three of these the lions have the same clumsy shapeless form
as those we are now considering, and which was usual in
Keltic carvings of the twelfth century. I append a copy of
one group, which however is not from a cross, but from a belt
clasp found in a Burgundian grave. It bears the inscription,

" DAGNINIL DVO LEONES PEDES EIVS LENGEBANT."

Mr. Anderson says : " The representation of Daniel in the
den of lions .... is persistent on Christian monuments

and relics Daniel is

the only figure in the whole
cycle of scriptural subjects
in whose representation the
anc^ent attitude of prayer
was retained down to the
twelfth century, because the
attitude in his case was
deemed to be a symbol of the
Cross, and his deliverance
was typical of man's salvation."

An early Christian writer says : " When Daniel spread out
his arms in the den, and thus conformed to the similitude of
the Cross, God shut the mouths of the lions." Other writers
have similar passages.

It must be borne in mind that the early Church seldom
represented the actual Crucifixion, but preferred to suggest it
by symbolism, the particular form being frequently Daniel in
the lions' den. I do not go so far as to say this was the case
at Stoke Canon, though I think that the subject was in the
sculptor's mind. It cannot be supposed that Daniel would be
represented four times over, though the early Christian artists
were apt to sacrifice accuracy to symmetry.

Perhaps then the sculptor intended to symbolise the
Crucifixion. Psalm xxii, which is one of the psalms read on
Good Friday, is considered as prophetic of the Crucifixion, and
in verse two we read " Save me from the lion's mouth."

Devon Notes and Queries. 131

But I think it is more probable that the design was con-
nected with the subject of Daniel as exemplifying God's
power to save the faithful from spiritual danger.

It is difficult to say what personages are represented by the
figures in the centre of each side, but this is not surprising,
for it is only very rarely that figures of saints can be identified
in Norman sculpture. Probably, however, they are not saints
at all ; at the early date to which this font may reasonably be
ascribed, twelfth century, the persons appearing in sculpture
were usually ecclesiastics of the period, either in their own
character or symbolising the Church, or they were personages
from the Old Testament.

The organ at Stoke Canon has been ruthlessly placed
almost close to the font, so that the northern face is practically
inaccessible, but sometimes a stream of light from the west
window penetrates sufficiently to show a seated figure with
one hand raised in benediction, the other holding a book.*

This figure undoubtedly represents a bishop ; probably the
bishop in whose episcopate the church was built.

The figure on the eastern face, of which the photograph is
given, holds something which, though its form is extremely
vague, conveys the suggestion of an aspersorium. Without
venturing to assert that it is so, yet associating this panel with
the bishop on the adjoining face, it may perhaps fairly be con-
jectured that we have here the parish priest, and the vessel for
holy water would be very appropriate on a font.

The figure on the eastern face bears some lines [which
rather suggest a chasuble ; this would of course indicate
another priest. Nevertheless I fancy the shape of a harp can
be made out near where the left hand would have been. If
so the personage would be David.

The figure with the staff on the western face may perhaps
be Moses, who with his rod struck the rock, and brought
forth water. This episode was frequently represented on
fonts as a symbol of baptism. Possibly, however, the western
figure may simply be a pilgrim.

*A drawing of the northern face of the font appears in Paley's
Baptismal Fonts, published in 1844. before the organ was erected. The
carving is much less defaced than on the other sides, so that its obscure
position is the more to be deplored.

132 Devon Notes and Queries.

The obscurity of the design seems to be a proof of the very
ancient date of the font. The early artists copied from copies,
and sometimes a chain of links may be traced wherein the
last differs absolutely from the first, though it is intended to
represent the same thing. In early work many of the links
have been lost, and thus it is more difficult to arrive at the
meaning.

In later work the task is a little easier, because a few con-
temporary manuscripts and illuminations still survive, and
give the key to the meaning of subjects which would other-
wise be insoluble. The font of St. Mary Church, Torquay is
a very interesting example of this class of symbolic decoration.
Miss Minna Gray has offered an interpretation of this font,
which is published in the Transactions of the Exeter Diocesan
Architectural and Archaological Society, [3 ser., vol. ii, 1906,
p. 160] . She explains it as symbolising the baptismal vow;
the renunciation of the world, the flesh and the devil. I am
very sorry I cannot accede to this reading ; primarily because
it involves the subdivision of the seven panels into 2, 2, 2, i ;
which no mediaeval artist would have done.

The greatest importance was attached to the mystic value
of numbers, and especially of the number seven. Three is the
number of the Trinity, and consequently of the soul made in
the image of the Trinity, and indicates all spiritual things ;
four, the number of the elements, is the symbol of material
things ; of the body, of the world which resulted from the
combination of the four elements. Seven, therefore, is emi-
nently the human number ; it expresses the union of the soul
and body. All that refers to man is ordered by series of
seven. I believe it will be found that when the number seven
was sub-divided it was invariably into three and four. (Cf.
Trivium and Quadrivium of Dante and other writers).

It appears that the design on the font of St. Mary Church
consists of three panels of a spiritual, and four of a material
nature. The idea suggested is a hunting scene. This was a
very usual subject on fonts. The chase is referred to as a
well understood and commonly accepted symbol by St.
Augustine, St. Jerome, and other early writers ; its signifi-
cance was explained in the Hortus Deliciarum, a manuscript of
the twelfth century, which was in the Strasburg Library, but
which unfortunately was destroyed in the siege of 1870.

Font, St. Mary Church.

Devon Notes and Queries.

133

However, a translation of the passage referred to is quoted in
Anderson's Scotland in Early Christian Times, as follows : —

" We offer to God the spoils of our chase,
when by example and precept we convert
the wild beasts, that is to say, the wicked
men. The chase of the Christian is the con-
version of sinners. These are represented
by hares, by goats, by wild boars, or by
stags. The hares signify the incontinent ;
the goats the proud ; the wild boars the
rich ; the stags the worldly wise. These
four beasts we smite with four darts by an
example of our continence, humility, volun-
tary poverty and perfect charity ; we pursue
them with dogs when we arouse their fears
by the preaching of the Word."

It goes on to say that by the effect of
preaching, sinners are driven to take shelter
under the arm of the Holy Church. As a
rule a female figure is the symbol of the
Church, in whose bosom the hunted animal
seeks refuge, but in the present case it
seems that the dove takes its place.

In Miss Twining's Symbols and Emblems,
plate Ixi. shows the dove as " a symbol of
the Church, or body of Christians animated
by the Holy Spirit." This example is from
the Hortus Deliciarum, the same manuscript
in which was found the description of the
chase quoted above.

When the dove represents the soul, as
Miss Gray fancies it does here, it is always
flying, never stationary. Moreover this dove
does not in the least suggest a bird escaped
out of the snare of the fowler, but much
more the hen that gathereth her chickens under her wings.
The dancer and the harpist, as Miss Gray explains, sym-
bolise sensual pleasure ; but her statement that the horseman
is " the Evil One himself pursuing souls " is decidedly open
to question. There is nothing in his appearance in the least
diabolical, indeed his expression is somewhat benign. He is

134 Devon Notes and Queries.

probably intended to represent a preacher, not necessarily a
priest, whose forcible arguments are symbolised by the horn
and the knife. The standing figure on the north side is a
priest without doubt. Perhaps the object in his hand is —
as Miss Gray suggests — a bunch of grapes, emblem of the
Eucharist, but I fancy the component parts are too angular to
have been meant for grapes ; they are almost incipient dog-
tooth. In any case the sentence in the interpretation of the
chase, " we pursue them with dogs when we arouse their fears
by the preaching of the Word," shows that he is a preacher also.

The dove and the two hunters then may be taken to
exemplify the spiritual part of the number seven, and the
other four subjects the material part. The two hunters have
turned their backs on the world and the flesh in the shape of
the dancer and the harpist, and are chasing sinners into
the Church.

With regard to the hunted animals, one is manifestly a
wild boar ; its bristly mane is unmistakable. It symbolises
" the rich," says the Hovtus Deliciarwn.

The animal to the left of the dove is not unlike the horse
in the adjoining panel, though no artist at any time would
represent so well known an animal with a fan-shaped tail.
For some reason this creature has been the subject of some-
what fantastic conclusions. The Rev. Edward Kitson — who
was the first to see the font after an interval of many centuries,
having discovered it buried upside down — in a letter to
Dr. Oliver, Nov. 23rd, 1824, describes this animal as a " sala-
mander emblematic of fire, with the head regardant." Miss
Gray says it is a beaver.

Of course, that it is unlike both the salamander and the
beaver goes for nothing, but its likeness to the horse ought to
go for something ; possibly it may be intended for a wild ass ;
a beast of bad character, according to the Bestiaries. Again,
it might be the hyena, described by Philippe de Thaun as the
stag-wolf, which stinks and is very fierce. This animal
appears to be of a most shocking disposition, and was used to
symbolise either a luxurious and covetous person, or Jews in
general. In the porch of Alne Church, Yorkshire, there is a
carving of a hyena. There is no doubt about it, because the
name is carved above it, otherwise it might be any quadruped
on the face of the earth ; it has a less regular profile than the

C

Devon Notes and Queries. 135

creature we are now considering, but the body is not unlike,
and it has a foliated tail.

Still I think the St Mary Church beast is more likely to
be a wild ass , the fan-shaped tail would be just the artistic
touch that would differentiate it from the domestic ass. What-
ever the animal may be, it is clearly intended to represent a
sinner seeking refuge under the wing of the Church.

The font of St. Michael's, Alphington, presents a wealth
of decorative imagery. Emile Male, in UAvt Religieux,
has a passage, which in connection with this font is so
suggestive that I append a translation : —

" The Anglo-Saxon manuscripts are astonishing ara-
" besques, inextricable mazes, wherein monsters and warriors
"pursue one another as across the primaeval forest. The
" English monks of the sixth century, who, in a half dream,
"created this strange decorative art, were Christians, who
"still retained all the obscure paganism of the Germanic
" races. The old monsters still lived in the deep recesses of
" their souls ; under their pen, quite involuntarily, the fabu-
" lous serpents of the marshes, the winged dragons which
" guarded treasure in the woods and defended them against
" heroes, revived."

The designs on the Alphington font appear to have been
partly inspired by these illuminations. On the south-east side
are two panels representing St. Michael's combat with the
dragon ; this is an unusual subject on a font, but may be
accounted for by the circumstance that the church is dedi-
cated to St. Michael. The convolutions of the dragon are
extremely intricate ; the tail divides into two parts, and may
be traced curling about round two or three panels on each
side. I regret this is not shown in my drawing, as some of
the interlacements have been left out.

Most of the subjects of the other panels on the font
must have been derived from the fantastic accounts of the
Bestiaries. These were natural history books founded on a
Greek treatise called Physiologus, and compiled with some
knowledge and a good deal of imagination. Every object in
nature was assumed to be placed in the world to point a
moral, and to enforce the dogmas of the Christian faith. The
plan of the Bestiaries was to illustrate an animal mentioned

136 Devon Notes and Queries.

in the Bible, to describe its appearance and habits, then to
deal with the account allegorically, and draw a moral. If the
animal were familiar, the description was often fairly accurate,
but otherwise the writer usually gave way to wild fantasy.
Some of the accounts were derived from Pliny and other
naturalists of his day, some from eastern sources. For instance
the legend of the whale is exactly the same as we read in The
Arabian Nights in the adventures of Sinbad the Sailor. So
the Bestiaries were an extraordinary mixture of Christianity
and Paganism. The books were immensely popular, and
appeared in most European languages. They were never
accepted as religious authorities by the heads of the Church ;
nevertheless they were constantly used as such by the
sculptors of the middle ages.

Exeter has the proud distinction of possessing the only
extant fragment of a bestiary in our own tongue : i.e., Anglo-
Saxon. This is the " Exeter Book," which was presented to
the Cathedral by Leofric, the first Bishop, so that it is clear
that Christian symbolism founded on the habits of animals
was known in this country before the Norman Conquest.

The Exeter Book contains accounts of three animals, the
phcenix, the panther, and the whale. With the first and
third we have no present concern, but on the Alphington font
there is an animal which is clearly intended for a panther, and
which was very possibly suggested by study of the Exeter Book.

The account, which has been turned into modern English,

says : —

That beast is Panther
Called by name.
.... That lonely creature
Which is to each a friend,
Bounteous in benefits,
Save to the serpent only,
To which he in all times
Hostile lives.

He has a singular nature,

Mild, moderate ;

He is gentle,

Kind and gracious,

He will not aught of harm

To any perpetrate

Save to the envenomed spoiler,

His enemy of old.

Font, St. Michael's, Alphington,

Devon Notes and Queries. 137

The whole account is too long to quote, but may be briefly
summarised as follows: —

The panther is gentle in disposition, and the friend of all
animals except the dragon. After eating, it retires to its den
and there sleeps for three days, and on the third day it awakes
and goes forth ; its voice is heard far and near, and with the
voice a pleasant odour issues from its mouth, attracting all
beasts. Then follows the application, the panther being a
symbol of Christ.

On the font the panther is on the left of St. Michael, and
is assisting him in his conflict with the dragon by supporting
his foot with its own ; it appears to afford the^ champion
considerable leverage, while it takes keen interest in the
combat. The spots on the panther's body are clearly seen.

On the left of the panther is a large bird, probably an
eagle, which was often represented on fonts as a type of
baptism, on account of the statement in the Physiologus : —

" When the eagle gets old and feels its wings heavy and its
sight failing, it mounts high in air and scorches its wings in
the heat of the sun, after which it dips itself three times
in a fountain of clear water and becomes young again."

The panel on the right of St. Michael's dragon contains a
falling bird, represented head downwards, and with extended
wings. This exemplifies a very curious statement in the
Physiologtis : —

" There is a tree growing by the sea coast which brings
forth birds. When the birds grow they hang by their beaks
until they are ripe and then fall off. Those which fall into
the water live, but those which fall on the earth die. This
signifies that those who are baptized with water will receive
spiritual life, but those who do not will perish."

The sculptor appears to have connected this subject with
the Arbor Peridexion, which is another kind of tree bearing
sweet fruit much sought by doves. There is a dragon who
lies in wait for the birds to devour them, but he dislikes the
shadow cast by the tree, and always moves to the shadowless
side ; therefore the birds can see their enemy and avoid him.
If a dove stray beyond the tree it is killed by the dragon.

The tree is the Church; the fruit is Christian doctrine; the
doves, Christian souls ; the dragon is the devil. The moral
is obvious. The dragon appears here, looking at the bird,

138 Devon Notes and Queries.

though the latter, as explained above, belongs to another
legend.

Next we have an archer, symbol, as in St. Mary Church,
of the priest pursuing souls. The animal into which he has
sent his dart has distinct horns and beard ; it is a goat, symbol
of pride. It must be noticed that the animal has a lacertine
tail, which was always used as a symbol of sin, yet the fruit
of the Tree of Life is close to its lips.

The next panel appears to be the root of the Peridexion, the
tree whose enfolding branches enclose the whole of the design.

The four following panels are very inferior in design and
execution to the other eight, and appear to be the work of
another hand ; moreover their signification is more obscure.

The principal feature in the panel at which we have arrived
at is a large flower. Roses signify the blood of the martyrs, but
in this case the flower is, in a general sense, " an emblem of
good works springing from the root of faith and virtue, and
shedding sweet odour around." (Twining, Symbols and Emblems.)

The next panel has been injured and clumsily repaired.
In Paley's Baptismal Fonts, in which this font is illustrated, it
is stated that one of the carvings is of a man carrying a hare
on an axe. This must be the panel referred to ; if the reading
be correct it would have to be applied as another feature of
the chase, the hare representing the incontinent. Neverthe-
less I do not feel sure that is what the subject represents. It
rather suggests a man carrying a tray of fruit on his head,
with a figure behind, helping himself from it.

This reading does not make the interpretation any
easier. A basket of fruit symbolised paganism; perhaps
the intention was to show that baptism was not only a
Christian rite, but was practised in pagan times. The sug-
gestion is rather far-fetched, and no stress is laid on it.

The next and last panel would have been extremely
puzzling had it not been that in Allen's Early Christian
Symbolism a similar subject is shown from the font at Mel-
bury Bubb, Dorset, and which represents the crocodile and
the hydra. The legend from the Bestiary is as follows: —

" The crocodile and the hydra live on the banks of the
Nile, and there is a deadly hatred between them. When the
hydra sees the crocodile asleep with its mouth open on the
banks of the river, it rolls itself in the mud, so that it can the

Devon Notes and Queries.

139

more easily insert itself within the crocodile's jaws, who then
swallows the hydra unawares. As soon as the hydra gets

into the inside of the
crocodile it bursts the
entrails of the beast asun-
der and comes out alive.
Thus Christ having taken
our nature upon Him
(the mud), descended into
hell, and bursting its bonds
led forth those He wished
to save alive."

Therefore this panel
may be taken to repre-
sent the incident which
in mediaeval times was called the " harrowing of hell," though
it seems somewhat out of place here. As a rule it was repre-
sented as one of a regular series of the Life and Passion of our
Lord, coming between the Entombment and the Resurrection.
The animals, of course, were drawn from verbal descrip-
tion ; the crocodile is really more like a crocodile than the
weird quadruped on the font of Melbury Bubb. As for the
hydra, it is suggested in the Ency. Brit., under Physio -
logus, that the otter is meant. Probably, however, the
animal intended was the Nilotic Monitor (hydrosaurus
niloticus), which is stated by Canon Tristram in the Natural
History of the Bible to be the creature whose name is trans-
lated chameleon in Leviticus xi., 30; the actual chameleon
appearing in the same verse as the mole. He states that
this animal hunts for crocodile's eggs and eats them.

Although in this paper no statement unsupported by
authority has been made, it cannot be expected that all the
interpretations offered will be universally accepted ; but the
writer trusts that at least the value attached to symbolism in
the Middle Ages has been made clear.

Much help has been derived from the following books,
among many others : — Early Christian Symbolism in Great
Britain and Ireland, J. Romilly Allen, F.S.A. ; Scotland in Early
Christian Times, Joseph Anderson ; U Art Rdligieux du xiii.
siecle, Emile Male. KATE M. CLARKE.

140 Devon Notes and Queries.

82. BOWRING, HALEY, HALLEY, HAWLEY, PIKE. —
Collinson's History of Somerset (iii., 7), says William Pyke
married Alice Bowring, daughter of Thomas Bowring, of
Bowrings-Leigh, in County Devon ; issue, son and heir,
Robert Pike, assessed at Pike's Ash (Somerset), in 22nd year
Henry VIII.

The same work (iii., 99), says Buckland Manor was granted
36 Henry VIII., to William Halley, Esq. (armiger), whose
descendant, Lord Hawley, sold it to John Baker. Sir John
Warre married Unton Hawley, daughter of Sir Francis
Hawley, of Buckland, Somerset (afterwards Baron Hawley,
of the Kingdom of Ireland).

The Domestic State Papers, Hamilton edition, refer to a
suit (1639), which Lady Haley wishes brought against Agnes
Bowring for possession of tenement in County Somerset,
Wiveliscombe ; sends her son-in-law, Mr. Weare, to make
entry upon it.

In the Visitation of Somersetshire, by Weare, is a
reference to one Sir Richard Pyke, living eighth year
of Richard II., whose descendant, William Pyke, married
Alice Bowring, of Bowrings-Leigh, in West Alvington,
Devon.

One John Pike came to New England in 1635, from
Langford, England (possibly the parish of Langford, near
Bridgwater, in Somerset). Perhaps he was identical with
the John Pike, of whose baptism, Nov. i, 1572, record
is said to exist (? in Bridgwater). The coat of arms brought
by John Pike to America in 1635 contains the crescents
shown in the coat granted to Sir Richard Pyke, living circa
1385, above mentioned.

EUGENE FAIRFIELD McPiKE.

83. THOMAS CAREWE OF STUDLEY — After the fire at the
Armoury at the Tower of London on 3oth October, 1841, my
grandfather, Thomas Chapman, of St. Neots, Hunts., came
into possession of certain fragments of papers obtained from
the refuse. These passed into my father's hands on the death
of my grandfather some years ago, and my father has now
handed them over to me.

In looking through them I have found what appears to be
part of the minutes of the House of Commons, dated

Devon Notes and Queries.

141

August 6th, 1646, and amongst other matters there is the
following relating to Thomas Carewe, of Studley. Unfor-
tunately the papers have been partly burned and the whole of
the reference is not perfect :—

" Die Jovis, 6th Augusti, 1646. — Resolved, etc., that this
House doth accept of the sum of one thousand eighty-five
pounds of Thomas Carewe, of Studley, in the County of
Devon, Esq., for a fine for his delinquency, his offence being
that he collected monies for maintenance of the Forces raised
against the Parliament ; and his Estate three hundred eighty-
eight pounds, sixteen shillings and eightpence in fee ; in old
rents, forty .... shillings and fivepence per annum ....
a mortgage, four hundred thirty-five .... other personal
Estate to the value of two hun .... sixty pounds ; out of
which Estate a yearly re .... four and twenty pounds
per annum is issuing ; and five pounds per annum for three
lives.

An Ordnance for granting a Pardon unto Thomas Carewe,
of Studley, in the County of Devon, Esquire, for his delin-
quency, and for discharge of the sequestration of his Estate
was this day read : and upon the question passed : and ordered
to be sent unto the Lords for their concurrence."

SAMUEL C. CHAPMAN.

84. COFFIN-SHAPED GRAVESTONE IN COLYTON CHURCH. —
In the south aisle of the chancel of Colyton Church, leaning
against the wall, is a gravestone, measuring 6ft. 6in. long,
2ft. 5in. wide at the top, tapering down to ift. Sin. wide at the
bottom. It was taken from the ground in front of the altar
some twenty to thirty years ago, in doing which it was broken
into two pieces. It was apparently the lid of a coffin ; the
top of the stone is slightly ridged, with a cross botonee
the whole length. On the other side is the following
inscription round the margin (the stone has evidently been
used a second time) : —

Here lieth the
body of Elizabeth Long the wife of Joseph

Long

gentleman who died the first day of April
Anno Dni 1624.

142 Devon Notts and Queries.

In the centre of the top of the stone is deeply cut a coat
of arms with mantling, helmets and crests : — A lion rampant
semee of cross -crosslets, impaling a chevron engrailed between three garbs,
a mullet pierced for difference. Crests : (i) Out of a ducal coronet a
demi-lion rampant ; (2) A dove rising with a branch in its mouth.

The arms are the same as those borne by Long of Rood
Ashton, Wilts, and Hill of Poundesford, Somerset.

The following portion of pedigree taken from the Visita-
tion of Somerset, 1623 (Harleian Society) is interesting, as it
shows Elizabeth Long's parentage and her connection with
the important families of Strowbridge of Colyton, Hassard
of Lyme Regis, Beer and Colyton, and Yonge of Colyton : —

William Hill of=

Poundesford,

Somerset

=Ann, da. of John
Trowbridge of
Colyton, Devon

Alexander Hill=Alice, da. of Roger Hill=Mary, da. of John

of Taunton

John Hassard
of Lime

Robert Hill=Ann, da. of
of Hollyland, John Yonge
Taunton of Colyton

Hassard of
Lyme

William Hill=Jane, da. of Elizabeth Hill=ist George Sampson

of Poundes- John Yonge =2nd Joseph Long

ford of Colyton

Elizabeth's first husband, George Sampson, was of
Colyton, and in the church is a large gravestone now
standing against the north wall with this inscription : —
Here lyeth the body
of George Sampson

gent, who was
buried the yth of Jan.

Anno Dmi. 1610
G. Aged 33. S.

Also here lyeth ye

body of John Sampson

gent, elder brother

of the said George

who was buried ye Qth

of Aug. Anno Dmi. 1639

J. Aged 67. S.

(Arms of Sampson as appearing on memorial tablet in
Colyton Church — Azure, a cross moline argent.)

Devon Notes and Queries. 143

1611, Jan. 28. — Joseph Longe of Dorchester, gent., and
Elizabeth Sampson of Culliton, widow, to be married at
Culliton. (From Vivian's Marriage Licenses of the Diocese
of Exeter.)

The following entries, copied from the parish registers of
Colyton Church, relate to the above inscriptions and pedigree :

1611. Joseph Long, gent., was married to Elizabeth Sampson, vid., the
xxxth daie of Januarie.

1616. William Longe, the sonne of Joseph Longe, gent., was baptized

the ixth daie of October.
1624. Elizabeth Longe, the wife of Joseph Longe, gent., was buried

the viiith daie of Aprill.

1554. Thomas Sampson, of Hawkechurche, was wedded unto Mar-
garet Morrice, widdowe, sometyme wyef of John' Morrice, of

Colyton, the xxviiith daye of Januarye.
1567. Margaret Sampson, the wyef of Thomas Sampson, of Colyton^

was buryed the seconde daye of Julye.
1567. Thomas Sampson, of Colyton, was wedded unto Mary Vye,

daughter of John Vye, of Gytshayne, the xxiiiith daye of

November.
1572. John Sampson, the sonne of Thomas Sampson, of Colyton, was

christened the xth of Auguste.
1577. George Sampson, the sonne of Thomas Sampson, of Collyton,

was christened the viiith daye of June.
I594- J°nn Sampson, son of Marie Sampson, widow, was married to

Joane Strobridge, daughter of John Strobridge, alias Burde,

of Collyton, the thirde of June.

1590. Thomas Sampson, of Cooliton, buried the xxvith of August.
1594. Joan Sampson, wife of John Sampson, of Collyton, buried the

xxiii of December.

1610. George Sampson, gent., was buried the viith of Januarie.
1627. Marie Sampson, widdowe, was buried the xiith daie of Maie.
1639. John Sampson, gent., was buried the ixth daie of August.
1581. Anne Younge, daughter of John Younge, of Colyton, was

christened the xxixth daye of September.
1584. Jane Younge, daughter of Mr. John Younge, of Colyton, was

christened the xxviiith daye of June.

1603. Wm. Hill, of Pounshaye, esquier, was married to Mrs. Jane
Yonge, daughter of Mr. John Yonge, of Collyton, the twentieth
day of ffebruarie.

1604. Mr. Robert Hill, of Taunton, was married to Mrs. Ann Yonge,
daughter of Mr. John Yonge. of Collyton, June the i8th.

1604. Marie Hill, daughter of Mr. Wm. Hill, of Poundsford, baptized
Januarie the eighteenth.

1605. Roger Hill, son of Mr. Wm. Hill, of Poundsford, baptized the
first of December.

1612. John Yonge, of Coliton, esquire, buried xxxth daie of September.
1631. Alice Yonge, widdowe, buried viith daie of September.

144 Devon Notes and Queries.

John Yonge's gravestone is in Colyton Church, but the
inscription is all worn away except " September, 1612." It
has a very fine deeply cut coat of arms — Ermine, on a bend
cotized, three griffins' heads erased, with mantling, helmet and
crest — a boar's head erased. He was the son of John Yonge,
of Axminster, M.P. for Plymouth.

The Colyton registers also contain the following Hassard
entries : —
1566. John Hassarde, of Colyton, was buryed the vii daye of ffebruarye.

1579. ffrancis Hazzard, the sonne of Robart Hazzard, of Struthen, was
borne the xvi daye of Auguste and christened the xxii daye of
Auguste.

1580. John Hazzarde, the sonne of Robart Hazzarde, of Streaton, was
born the viith daye of December and christened the xviii daye
of December.

1581. Robart Hazzard and Peter Hazzard, children of Mr. Robart
Hazzard, of Streethen, were borne the xxiiird day of ffebruarie
and christened the xxviith daye of ffebruarie.

1583. ffrancis Hazzard, the sonne of Robart Hazzard, of Lyms Regis,
was buried the xxiiiith daye of September.

A. J. P. SKINNER.

85. GREAT FIRE AT CREDITON (IV., par. 45, p. 83.) —
Rev. Micaiah Towgood. — Mr. Jerom Murch's " History of the
Presbyterian and General Baptist Churches in the West of
England, with memoirs of some of their Pastors, London,
1835," contains a memoir of Micaiah Towgood and a refer-
ence to the establishment of the Exeter Academy mentioned
by J.G.C. in your last issue in his note on " Great Fire at
Crediton." The memoir at page 434 says : " When it was
proposed to establish an academical institution at Exeter,
the necessity of securing the co-operation of Mr. Towgood
was immediately seen. The plan was carried into effect in
1760, and he undertook to deliver to the students critical
lectures on the Scriptures. This he continued to perform
till the breaking up of the establishment in 1768."

It will be seen that this Academy only lasted eight years.
It was virtually a Unitarian foundation, and must not be
confused with the Western Academy founded at Ottery in
1752 on strictly Evangelical principles, which was afterwards
at Bridport, Axminster, Exeter, Plymouth, and now exists at
Bristol as the Wrestern College.

EDWARD WINDEATT.

Devon Notes and Queries. 145

86. RICHARD HILL OF MORETON (IV., p. 49, par. 19). —
Some further notes supplementary to my remarks on
Richard Hill in the April number of this magazine, may
prove interesting to the reader, especially as many of them
have never before been published.

A statement, first printed in the lifetime of Hill's elder
sons, identifies him as a descendant of the Hills of Shilston,
an ancient Devon family tracing their ancestry back to
Richard II. 's reign. It occurs in an early edition of Guillim's
Heraldry, in Hasted's History of Kent, and in Vivian's Visita-
tions of Cornwall, and alleges him to have been the son of a
Richard Hill of Truro, who registered his Shilsten descent
in the Visitation of 1620, and whose son Richard was six
months old at that time. It is obvious, however, that an
individual born in 1619 could not have been a married man
and a freeman of London in 1632 ; moreover, as Richard Hill
of Moreton definitely mentions " Thomas Hill my father " in
an inventory which he drew up in 1633, the assertion of his
Truro parentage must be absolutely wrong. I mention this
legend because it has several times appeared in print with-
out correction, and also because Hill's sons used the arms
of the Shilston family apparently in good faith, and believing
themselves to be entitled to them.

The inventory above-mentioned is preserved in the British
Museum (Add. MS. 5488), and throws a very interesting light
upon the business of a general merchant in those times. It
begins : — " An Inventory of all the Ready Mony, Goodes,
Debtes and Creditors, appertayning unto me Richard Hill
of London, Merchant, taken the 3oth daie of June, Anno
Domini 1633." Hill seems to have had a large business
connection in the West Country, and the following name0
occur in his record of transactions. The greater number o
his friends were Plymouth men, such as — George, Lawrence
and Philip Andrews, Henry Barnes, Nicholas Bennet,
Abraham Biggs, Nicholas Bonnett, Robert Braye (clothier),
Hugh Cornish, John Edgcombe, Robert Gawde, Humphry
Gayer, Nicholas Harris, Elize Hele Abraham and Ambrose
Jennings, Samuel Macey Robert Mase, Thomas Meade,
Bartholomew Nicholds, George Paynter, Justynian Peard,
Wm. Rowe of Stonehouse, Robert Trelawney, and Philip Tyn-
combe (marryner). Also Marke Hawkings and John Newman,

146 Devon Notes and Queries.

of Dartmouth ; Henry Downe, carryer of Exon ; Allen
Bartlett, of Totnis ; and William Whiddon, of Chagford,
gent. In Cornwall, he had several clients at Fowey —
Jonathan Rashley, Esq., Thomas Rose, Henry Stephens,
Henry Costen, Raphe, Tom and George Bird, William
Baker, Diggory Gordge, and John Mayowe. Besides these —
John Keigwin, of Mousehole ; Peter Hallemoor and Anthony
Munday, of Penryn; William Trevethan, of Helston ;
William Cliffton, of Flushing ; Tobias Browne, of Mary-
zion ; William Stacy, of Saltash ; and William Burrowes,
of Looe. Many ships are mentioned, with the ports to which
they belonged, such as — The Centuryon, Darling, Elizabeth,
Fortune and Hester, Mayflower, William, William and John,
all of Plymouth ; The Bernard, of Foye ; Alice Bona, of
Dartmouth ; Joane Anne, of Swannidge ; Virgin and Jane,
of Chichester; Mary and Barbara, of Portsmouth; Mary,
of Brighthemstone ; Experience, Happie Entrance, Hopewell,
Successe and Alathia, all of London ; The Concord, of Mill-
brooke ; and The Starre, of Amsterdam. Hill also mentions
his father Thomas, brother William, father-in-law Thomas
Trewolla, Cyprian Sawdy, of Moreton, Thomas Trewolla, of
Trewroe, and William Vincent, brothers-in-law, mostly with
reference to cash debts. There is a curious entry which may
be quoted at length : — " Sr Richard Carnsewe Kt. per his
bill dated the last of February 1628 payable to Anne
Trewolla now my wife on the daie of her marryage — ^2."
The inventory is altogether a most interesting document, and
shews the great variety of Hill's dealings in different kinds of
goods, such as — Zeres Sacke, Malliga Wynes, White Sugar,
St. Christopher's Tobacco, Barrillia, Spanish Iron, Ropes,
Sweet Oyle, Rozen, Newfoundland Trayne Oyle, Ginger,
Napkening and Tabling, Dyaper and Damaske, Corke,
Wheate, Raisons Solis, Pitch, and the building of a ship
at Shoreham, &c. It must have been a satisfaction to him
to find a balance in his favour of ^"588 35. 2d. when he
had made up his accounts.

The inventory drawn up in 1660 for probate purposes,
which was referred to in the previous article, shews that
the Alderman's house in Lime Street was a fairly spacious
building, containing nine bedrooms, two garrets, two dining
rooms, a gallery, a parlour, counting-house, and the usual

Devon Notes and Queries. 147

offices. Among the host of items mentioned we may par-
ticularly notice a billyard table, 607 ounces of plate at 55.
the ounce, an iron bath, a leaden cistern worth ^"5, old
tapestry hangings, three musketts, one pike, two payre of
pistolls, and a parcell of old armour. It is worth noting
that this is seven years earlier than the reference to a
" billyard table " in Dr. Murray's great English Dictionary,
which is dated 1667. Besides tapestry hangings, there were
others of " white dymithy wrought," East India callicoe,
greene perpetuana, " redde Searge with gilded leather, and
fine East India stuffe lyned with callicoe." The total value
of the Alderman's effects amounted to ^"1,073.

The following " Perticular of plate, 21 Feb. 1659," is
no doubt a list of that referred to in the inventory. It
includes : — " One bason and ewer, a standing cupp with a
cover, two cupps rounde with covers, two salt cellars with
feet, six small salt cellars, a sugar dish flatt, a small sugar
dish, three tankards, a candlestick and snuffers, four por-
rengers, two dozen spoones, two tumblers, a caudle cupp,
two tobacco boxes, and an aqua vitae bottle."

Though much of his sons' correspondence in later years
is still in existence, only one private letter from the Alder-
man's pen is at present known, and that is only a rough
draft signed with his initials, without the name of the person
to whom it was sent. It will be found in Add. MS. 5501,
which also contains many of Hill's official papers, and it
runs as follows : —

My deare Friend.

Sr. At ye earnest request of that noble Gent Capta Wm. Parsons
so much in distresse by his very great losses many years past by the
bloudy rebells in Ireland, I begg of you in his behalf to tender this
peticone of his to ye Committee of Gouldsmyths hall, and to assist
him what you can in his just demaund, wch is I think but equall, that
thareby by your meanes he may have some support, without wch I
am assured his condicon may be sad. Herein you will doe a courtesie
to an honest Gentleman, and I suppose a Charitable world.

I leave it with you, he will attend you tomorrow at 2 of the Clock
at ye late house of Lords, if you thinke not well of it, be pleased to
returne it me in ye morning, retaining this . . . yourself that I am
always Sr.

Yours in all Love R.H.

Limestreete London I3th Dber 1649.

148 Devon Notes and Queries.

From his son's papers in the British Museum I give the
following items of Hill's effects, which shew that he left his
family well provided for. His wealth eventually descended
to the children of his brother William, a merchant of Fal-
mouth, as the Alderman's line became extinct in 1736.

ACCOUNT OF THE EFFECTS OF ALDERMAN RICHARD HILL, DECD.

£ s. d.
In Cash the I5th January 1659 (1660) ... ... ... 676 16 7

The Lease of a Tenement at Mevagessy in Cornwall during

two Lives and 31 years after : yielding .£17 6s. 4d.

per annum ... ... ... ... ... 225 o o

One-eight part of the Shipp Society and one-quarter pte of

the stock in the Masters hand ... ... ... 780 o o

One one-sixteenth part of the Shipp Jonathan ... ... 50 o o

One-eight part of the Shipp Olive branch ... ... 340 o o

A Subscription of £2000 in the United Joint Stock of ye

E. India Compa

A Subscription of £2000 in the present stock whereof paid in 2000 o o
Adventure of one-sixteenth pte of the Tho and William

.£527 ios., whereof received £100 ... ... 427 10 o

Tyn ii Barrells sent to Smirna ... ... ... 328 7 4

Hounscott sayes 100 ps at Legorne ... ... ... 280 14 10

The Household Stuffe as p. appraizm* ... ... 598 I o

Adventure of ^100 in ye Jonathan ... ... ... 20 o o

Resting upon an adventure in ye Allan friggat for one-
sixteenth part ... ... ... ... ... 15 15 7

Upon account of one-twelfth part of ye Morning Starr ... 112 13 4
Upon account of one-sixteenth part of ye 3 Brothers ... 3 10 o
The Lease of a Tenem1 in Limestreet for 27 yeares or

thereabouts, £50 p. annum received ... ... 450 o o

Due upon a Mortgage from Jn Trewolla ye 5th July 1658 990 o o
After these items there follow the names of twenty-nine
debtors, among whom occur William, John, Andrew and
Hillary Hill, brothers of the deceased ; William Blunden,
an apprentice ; Thomas Spoore, of Looe ; George Rescorla ;
the Commissioners of Prize Goods ; and the Levant
Company. R. H. ERNEST HILL.

87. PREAUX, PRUZ, PROUSE, PROWSE (DEVONSHIRE.) —
If we may rely upon Westcote, Tuckett, Col. Vivian, and
others, there can be no doubt but that the original ancestor
of the Prouzes of Gidleigh — the ruins of whose castle still
exist in that quiet Dartmoor village — was Peter, who bore
the surname of Preaux from the small canton of Preaux,
near Rouen, in Normandy. This name, however, subsequently
became changed to Pruz, and ultimately to Prouse and Prowse.

Devon Notes and Queries. 149

This Peter lived in the reign of Richard I. and his
brother King John, the latter of whom made a grant to
him of the Channel Islands, the charter for this being
dated at Roche d'Orival, i4th January, 1200.

His connection with Devonshire took place when he
married Mary, the eldest and ultimately sole daughter and
heiress of Willm. de Rivers, or de Vernon, Earl of Devon
and Lord of the Isle of Wight. She afterwards —
A.D. 1 2 12 — upon his decease, became the wife of Richard
Courtenay, who, in A.D. 1216, upon the death of her
father, succeeded, through her, to the Earldom of Devon.

Peter de Preaux, however, was not the fifst of this
family who came over to England, as we find from Holinshed
and others that one of that name accompanied Duke
William and took part in the battle of Hastings.

Can any reader of Devon Notes and Queries tell me anything
further about him ? Westcote speaks of him as " Willielmus
Comite de la Prouz, alias le Paux," which must be a mis-
print for Preaux, while Berry calls him " Sire Jean de Preaux."
What part of England did he settle in, or what part of the
conquered country was apportioned to him ?

The Rotuli Cuvice Regis mentions the name of Amiot le
Proz in connection with Devon in A.D. 1194; Richard
Pruz in Suffolk in A.D. 1199, as also Radulphus de P'tell
in Middlesex — Pratell being the Latin form of Preaux —
and Roberto Prato in connection with Gloucestershire as
well as Walter Prato in connection with Hertfordshire,
while Westcote says that before Peter de Preaux's mar-
riage there was a family " seated at St. Probus, in Corn-
wall and in divers deeds written diversely as de Probus,
de Prouz, and perchance as de Pratellis."

Can any connection be established between these and
the de Preaux who accompanied the Duke William in
A.D. 1066? C.P.

88. ST. LEGER AND AGGETT OR AGGOTT. — Can anyone
inform me of any connection between the families of St. Leger
and Aggett or Aggott ? HELEN SAUNDERS.

89. Two DEVONSHIRE GOLDSMITHS (IV., par. 48, p. 88.)
— In reply to the Rev. J. F. Chanter (i) Thomas Punchard,
of Totnes and Dartmouth (will Curia Arch. Totnes Dec. 4, 1669,

150 Devon Notes and Queries.

prob. 23 Apl. 1675) ; his second wife was Anastasia
Staplehill, of Dartmouth) ; (will Jan. 5, 1676, prob. ibid.
Jan. 8, 1677). (2) Richard Punchard, of Totnes, nephew of
the above Thomas, son to Richard of Totnes, Vyntner;
(will ibid. Dec. 3, 1675, prob. Apl. 15, 1676.)

I know of no other goldsmiths of this name ; Richard
may have lived at Barnstaple in 1649, but does not appear
in any pedigrees there or at Pilton. E. G. PUNCHARD.

90. RAUFF BOWRING. — Can any readers of Devin Notes
and Queries give any information regarding Rauff Bowring
mentioned in the will of his brother, Robert Bowring, of
Alvington, as subjoined ? LEWIN BOWRING.

Robert Bowring, of the parish of Alvington, co. Devon, gent.,

1514,^ May 3.

To be buried in the parish church of Alvington, before
the figure of Saint Michael the Archangel in the chancel.
To Rauff Bowring my brother ^"40. To Alice my wife £100
which I delivered into her own hands in London, also half
of all my cattle and " occupation " of one half of my plate
for her life, the said plate after her death to go to my
daughter Thomasyn and if said Thomasyn die before full
age or unmarried said plate to go to my executors. To the
said Thomasyn the other half of my cattle and plate. To
Alice Pyke my sister, wife of Willm. Pyke of Glastonbery,
^"40 to help the marriage of my nieces, daughters of my said
sister, and if the said two nieces die before full age (&c.)
To James Fulford, Chaplain, to pray for my soul. To every
priest in the parish of Honyton. Whereas I have enfeoffed
the Right Worshipful Richard Hals, Richard Vowell,
Esquires, and others of all my lands and tenements in the
counties of Devon and Somerset to the intent to perform
my last will which is this, my said feoffees take all rents
during nonage of my daughter Thomasyn and after till she
be married. I will that Sir Steveyn Horswell, Chaplain,
have yearly for his exhibition in the University of Oxford
during the nonage of my daughter 10 marks. To Thomas
Costarde Clerk of Alvyngton 2os. yearly (in like manner).
To my servant John Adams. To James Horswell. To
Morys Heywood. To Patrys Mayne my servant. To
Christopher Dowce my servant and to Johan Dowce his

Devon Notes and Queries. 151

wife. To John Maynarde and to Johan his servant. To
James Broke, John Table, John a Borow my servant &c.
To Thomas Davy and to Katheryn his wife. To the parish
church of St. Olave in the City of Exeter. To the two
houses of Fryers of Exeter. To the " Crossid Fryers " of
St. Johns. To every parish church of Honyton and between
Honyton and Alvyngton and to every parish church within
a mile every side of the way my body shall be carried £.
To the parish church of Alvyngton for building of a church
house £2.0, Residue to Alice my wife and Thomasyn my
daughter. William Courtney Esq., Richard Hals Esqre.,
and Gregory Morgan and William Pyke gent/ and they
executors. Supervisors, John Marshall and John Portman
gents. Witnesses, William Courtney Esqre., Sir James
Fulford, curate of Honyton, John Marshall, Esq., William
Pyke, gent., John Adams the younger, and many others.

Probate of the will of said deceased, having at the
time of his death certain goods and credits in several
dioceses in the province of Canterbury, 16 June 1514,
by Richard Hals executor. Power reserved to Alice
the executrix. P.C.C. (33 Fettiplace.)

[Mr. Thomas B. Bowring has also kindly sent us a
copy of this will. — EDS.]

91. SONGS OF THE WEST (IV., p. 57, par. 25, and p.
127, par. 76). — Will Mr. Rogers kindly state in what part
of the county the native child would have said " She'd
tore it abroad " ? and would she not have said " Er's a brokt
un " ? I ask the question in order to localise dialect. Mr-
Pengelly's story came from Torquay, and I have no doubt
that he correctly reported the verb " brauk," but I should
like to be quite sure that he heard the past participle
as " abrokt " and not as "abrok." The high German forms
of this verb are inf., brechen ; imperfect, brach ; past par-
ticiple, gebrochen ; the low German equivalents in the
Devonshire vocalisation would be infinitive, brauk (break) ;
imperfect, brauk [t] (broke) ; past participle ye brauk [t] ,
or abrauk [t] (broken). What I want to know is do Devon-
shire people treat it as a weak verb and put in a t or
not ? OSWALD J. REICHEL.

152 Devon Notes and Queries.

92. PARISH APPRENTICE INDENTURE, endorsed with a
clause to forfeit the premium if marked by blows : —

January 24th 1792 whereas Thomas Heller the son of
Thomas Heller is Bound an Apprentice by a Parish In-
denture to me John Perkens to be taught the Bussiness ol
a Husbandman I John Perkins do hereby agree with the
said Thomas Heller Farther of my said apprentice in con-
sideration that the said Thomas Heller will pay me John
Perkins the sum of three pounds three shillings in manner
following, that is to say one pound one shilling this twenty-
fourth day of Jan. one thousand seven hundred ninety two
(the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged) one pound one
shilling the twenty-fifth of December next, one pound one
shilling ye twenty-fifth of Dec. one thousand seven hundred
ninety three and to provide for his said son sufficient wearing
apparel (except shoes or aprons) during the time of his
apprenticeship & to pay the Doctor's bill if need requires,
to teach my apprentice or cause him to be taught the art
or mistry of a Cordwainer which I now follow. Given
under our hands the day above written.

Witness — Amos Oxenham. John Perkins.

Wm. Winser. Thos. Heller.

The following endorsement is written on the back: —
Jany. iyth 1793. "I John Perkins do promise that Thomas
Heller son of Thomas Heller shall not be marked by blows
by me nor mine on pain of forfeiting the money that I have
received of Thomas Heller which is £2. 2s. and to be kept
at the Branch of a Cordwainer by me John Perkins."

Witness — Wm. Winser.

The original indenture is in the possession of Mr. W.
Vicary, of Newton Abbot. P. F. S. AMERY.

93. ELIOT, OF PORT ELIOT. — Can any reader of Devon
Notes and Queries kindly inform me if Sir John Eliot, of
Port Eliot, had a third daughter, her name, and whom
she married ? I possess a china cup and saucer which is
said to have belonged to Lady Eliot. The tradition is
that having been alarmed by the approach of soldiers she
ran out of the house, carrying the set in her apron, and
buried them in the ground until they had passed.

HELEN SAUNDERS.

Devon Notes and Queries. 153

94. THE APOLOGIE, RELATION, AND PETITION OF COL.
JOHN WERE. — Colonel John Were, the author of the follow-
ing documents, lived and died at Court Place, Halberton
(now called Halberton Court), about three miles on the Bristol
road from Tiverton. It was probably his native place, as the
family of Were had been long resident in that part of the
county. I am unable at present to speak definitely as to
John Were's relationship, as the Church Baptismal Register
only commences in 1619, but from that date until 1651, 49
entries appear of members of the family as baptised, married
and buried there, and many of the family still reside in
the locality.

One Humphrey Were, who died in 1625, was a
Bencher of the Inner Temple and the first Recorder of
Tiverton,* and he was succeeded in the latter post by
Edmund Were. Humphrey was also M.P. for Tiverton in
the last Parliament of James I.

Four generations were Feoffees of Blundell's School in
the same town, one of whom was nominated by Peter
Blundell himself. Humphrey's only son John (not to be
confounded with our author) married a Silverton heiress, and
the family continued at Silverton for several more genera-
tions. John of Silverton was also a Bencher of the Inner
Temple and (with his son John) a leading Royalist in those
parts. He served on the King's County Association, and
was one of the Commissioners for the surrender of Exeter
to Fairfax. To all of these relatives Colonel John, of Court
Place, must have been anathema. In the " Apologie " he
sets forth how he came to take up arms against them, and
defends his own reputation as a loyal soldier of the Par-
liament. He writes it (like the Relation and Petition
following), I think, in the Tower, to which he had been
sent after Lostwithiel. These documents will speak for
themselves, yet so great is the power of slander that to-day
he is still referred to as " Renegado Were."

He was charged, like his comrade in arms Major Butler,
with having betrayed his post at Lostwithiel to the enemy
and occasioning the defeat of the Parliamentary army in

*An interesting tablet to his memory in Halberton Church has
been lately restored by Mrs. G. E. Cockram, of Tiverton, nee Were.

M

154 Devon Notes and Queries.

that place on the ist Sept., 1644. The Royalist Mercurius
Aulicus wrote : " In the evening one whole Regiment of their
Foot (being Colonel Weyre's) staggered ran from Field to
Field with their cannon and colours only at the appearance
of eight of His Majesty's Horse and had not Night come on
all their Army had been undoubtedly destroyed." Essex,
the Parliamentarian Commander-in-Chief, himself wrote
from Plymouth to the Committee of Both Kingdoms on the
3rd Sept. : " In the town Colonel Ware's men ... he
was to guard a passage at a gentleman's house not two
musket shot from the Major General's (Skippon's) regiment
and an old castle lay over it which they quitted at the first
appearance of the enemy. On the right side of the river
that comes from Foy was my regiment — the enemy pressed
hard upon them. Ware's men (or rather Sheep) flung down
their arms and ran away my regiment seeing themselves left
marched up to the train and so of necessity Foy cut off from
us ... from whence we should have all our store of
Victuals and ammunition." Essex abandoned his. army and
the Committee ordered enquiry into his report, as it was
rumoured there was disaffection among the officers and that
Col. Were, whose regiment was the first to quit their post,
was the main cause of the disaster "and tho the Colonel
pretended to be taken prisoner 'twas suggested that he
suffered himself so to be, and went willingly to the King's
Forces " (Rushworth Hist. Coll., part iii., vol. ii., p. 710.)
" And some time after Colonel Weare having got his liberty
came up to the Parliament and stood upon his Justification
who was secured " (Idem.)

He was too good an officer to be spared, for on the
1 8th of September he was again in authority under the
Parliament, Only seventeen days after his surrender at
Lostwithiel, Sir William Waller and Sir Arthur Haselrigg
write to the Committee of both Kingdoms from Wey-
mouth : " We have sent about 300 men to Lyme (Regis)
the stay of that Governor (Co. Weare) so long at
London will be the hazard of the town. If he be not
coming down let him be sent with all speed," and on
the 2ist following the Committee reply: "The Governor
of Lyme Regis some days since left town to go to his
charge." He was recalled to stand his trial. On the

Devon Notes and Queries. 155

1 2th Oct. following the Committee write to the Lord
General (Essex) : " We send enclosed the order of the
Commons for sending up Col. Weare " ; and again on
the 26th Oct. : " We have once before by order of the
House written for Col. Were to be sent up hither and
. . . we therefor desire you if he be at Portsmouth to
send him immediately in safe custody." (Letters received by
Committee MS. Record Office, vol. ii.)

I can find no account of the trial itself, but his Relation
and Petition were read in the House of Commons on
Nov. 8th, 1644 (Journals of the House , B.M.\ and at the
same time at least one witness in his behalf (Col. John
Stent) was examined (Proc. of Committee.)

From the fact that a copy of this evidence was to be
sent to Mr. Baldwin, Secretary to the Lord General, I
gather it was Essex who was pursuing Were as the cause
of his damaged reputation. Essex's star was paling before
that of Fairfax, and the advent of the self-denying Ordinance
and the New Model Army of the ensuing spring may have
relieved Were of a powerful enemy.

His regiment was probably assisting at the capture of
the Tiverton works in 1645, and certainly formed portion
of the garrison of Exeter after its surrender in the same
year (Sprigg Ang. Red., part iv., cap. 6.) After the war
he occasionally appears in politics at Tiverton as a staunch
Parliament man of much local influence. Thus in 1654 the
11 well affected " of Tiverton, in a petition against the return
of Colonel Robert Shapcote as an M.P. for the town, beg
the Council to refer to John Were for proof of their state-
ments (State Papers Interreg., vol. Ixxiv., No. 2.) Again, during
Penruddocke's unfortunate rising against the Commonwealth
in 1655, when a request is made to Capt. Henry Cruwys,
of Cruwys Morchard, to raise his company of train-
bands and bring them into Tiverton for the defence of that
town, the request is made by the Mayor of the town and " one
Colonel Ware," whom we may surmise is the moving
spirit in that request (Cruwys MSS.) He died in 1658, and
is buried in Halberton Church under a flat tombstone,
engraved with his coat of arms and this inscription : —

" His jacet corpus Johannis Were Armigeri et nuper
pro republica Anglicana chiliarchi qui obiit vigesimo

156 Devon Notes and Queries.

quarto die Octobris Anno Domini 1658. Post funera
Virtus.

Hie jacet corpus Elizabethae uxoris Johannis Were
Armigeri filiae que Henrici Hawley Militis quae obiit quinto
die Septembris 1636."

The only copy of the " Apologie " I know is in the
British Museum (King's Pamphlets, small 4to, vol. 185) and
the only copy of the Relation and Petition in the Public
Record Office catalogued under State Papers Dom. Car., i.,
v°l' 539> PP- 23° and 231. The following reprints have
been carefully collated with these copies. The years are
dated in modern notation.

ARTHUR FISHER.

||S THE APOLOGIE

OF COLONEL

JOHN WERE

IN VINDICATION OF HIS PROCEEDINGS SINCE THE
BEGINNING OF THIS PRESENT PARLIAMENT.

London :
Printed in the yeare 1644.

MY Conscience is within me cleare, and quiet, and therein
I have given satisfaction to my selfe, my actions
were not obscure, nor done in darkenesse, and they
render me an intire man to all that saw them, or knew me ;
yet am I so unhappie as to suffer by the meere guilt of
rumour, or by some aspertions cast upon me by the subtile
enemy, whose interest is the discord of friends, wherein I
can claime no privilege above my Saviour, who was not
free of slaunders ; 'Tis for his cause that I glory I have
shed my blood, nor neede I repine to be a sufferer like
him : And certainly neither the hardship of mine own im-
prisonment, nor the distrest condition of my tender family,
could have induced me to have dained so much to a false
rumour, as to have given this open satisfaction, were there
any more noble way left me to vindicate my reputation,
more pretious then my life; But since necessity inforceth
me to this Apologie, take it, without glosse or smooth

Devon Notes and Queries. 157

expression, my comerce is more with the Souldier then the
Orator, and plaine truth is to it selfe a sufficient coun-
tenance. I undertooke not this service for private interest,
revenge, or pay, I had an estate copetent left by my
Ancestors, the office of a Justice of Peace I long had
executed in my Country, and I wanted not solicitations to
adheare to the King's party, being put into the Commis-
sion of Aray,* but upon Assembly of the Gentry that
were that way affected, hearing some discourse that tended
both to the dishonour of God, and the overthrow of the
common liberty, I totally disavowed the executing that
Commission, and fully resolved with my utmost to promote
the purity of Religion and the publique peace, I applied
myself to Sir Peter Prediux a Deputy Leiftenant, and from
him received a Commission in the Militia, being the first,
and I suppose the last, Gentleman in Devonshire, that raised
and continued a Regement in that County, and since have
raised severall Regements at my owne charge, at several
times all actually imployed in the Parliaments service; the
particulars of which imployments have beene thus. Vpon
the Lord Marquest of Hartford and Sir Ralph Hoptons,\ first
surprising Shurburne Castle, a party of the County of Devon
were summoned at Collumpton, whether I brought a con-
siderable number and was desired to march thither and to
perswade that Regement, which I did, and by reason of
my respects and vicinity with them, I got readily their
consent, though they had stood mute to others before, and
marched with three companies of them, this was my first
imployment. The next Sir Ralph Hopton and the Cornish
forces advancing towards Exon,\ I brought into that City
a good supply of men and maintained it, untill we were
relieved by the Earle of Stanford our then Generall, where,
for that service & keeping Cowley Bridge with much dis-
advantage against a violent storme I received a memoriall
of their loves and thankes, then was Belfore made by the
said Earle my Major, I was commanded to send him with
100. Dragoneares, to march with the Army, the rest of the

* The King's Commission of Array was issued to the Earl of
Bath iQth July, 1642.

t September, 1642. J October, 1642.

158 Devon Notes and Queries.

Regement to disband which I did : Then after their defeate
in Comewell, Plymouth being besieged, I was commanded
to bring what force I could to Exon to joyne with the
Regements there, where I brought a considerable number
of my friends and neighbours, and from thence marcht to
Modbury,* and after a long fight the enemy was beaten
thence, and Plymouth relieved and a treaty of both Counties
Devon and Cornewell assented to, and my Regement with the
rest of the Army was disbanded, the treaty broke off I was
againe commanded to bring my Regement to Crediton> whence
I marcht to Stratton,\ where I continued all the fight and
came off with my generall who continued to the last, having
I suppose not twenty men left with him, when he fired
with our assistance divers peeces of Ordnance upon the
Enemy, the Earle went to Bidiford, thence to Exon, I to
mine own house where Sir Ralph Hopton being upon his
march, I received an other Summon to bring in my Rege-
ment, or as many as I could procure to Exon, which I did,
thence upon a Petition, I was sent to Tewerton, where I
was like to have been betrayed by the Mayor, J and was
forced wanting Armes Ammunition and men, to goe for
Taunton, having got up what force I could, I marcht
through the enemies quarters with much hazard, and came
againe to Exon, where I continued all the siege : after the
surrender of that City upon composition, § I went to my
owne house, where I could not stay without I would take
up Armes for the King, which rather then I would doe, I
chose to leave my wife, children and estate to the mercy
of the Enemy, though the Parliament was then in it's lowest
ebbe. Then I came to Lyme, thence to London, where I
was againe imployed by the Parliament, and sent to Lyme

* 2 ist February, 1643.

f i6th May, 1643. Were's account quite disposes of Lord
Clarendon's insinuations, written long afterwards, thai Lord Stamford
" stood at a safe distance all the time of the battle environed by all
his horse."

| Col. Harding, in his History of Tiverton, confounds this advance
of Hopton through Tiverton in May, 1643, with a raid of some of
Hopton's men under Sir Allen Apsley in the following August. They
were two separate occasions, in only the first of which was Col. Were
concerned.

§ To Prince Maurice 4th September, 1643.

Devon Notes and Queries. 159

with about 200. men, with them I beate up Bridgport quarters
of the Enemy and tooke 100. good horse, which so hartened
the Inhabitants about Hemiocke, that they generally rose to
free themselves, and sent to me for some assistance of
Horse and Officers, which by a generall consent of a
Councell of Warre at Lyme was granted, and Major Butler
sent with 60. Horse thither,* to bring them to mee at Stud-
combe House, which order, if it had been observed, I at that
instant beating up Collinten quarters of the Enemy, taking
most of that Garison prisoners, I desire all Deavonshire men
to consider whether I had not been master of the field as
farre as Exon, this was done before Leifetenant Colonell
Blakes comming downe, these successes drew Prince Morris
to leave Plymoth and besige Lyme,} where I continued
ail the siege being shot, though not governor, yet com-
mander in chiefe of most of the forces in the town, in all
this time I beleeve there was not the least suspition of
infidelity in me, for I was received into my Country with
as much honour as they could give, or I expect for the
good service I had don, witnes the great appearance I had
at the first summons, when his Excellency came down,
wch I think all the Army can testifie, for within a short
time I raised two Regements, one of horse, the other of
foote without money ; when his Excellency marcht into
Cornewell,\ I went with him never being off my Rege-
ment, untill our Armes as is well knowne, were laid downe,
and then had not gone from them but upon this occasion,
quarters and good tearmes being compounded for, by Major
Generall Skippon and the Councell of Warre, we marched

* March, 1644. t 2Oth April, 1644.

I Essex writes from Cullompton to the Committee of Both King-
doms under date July 3, 1644 : " I find a great affection in ye countrey
to ye Parliamt and to free themselves from their Egyptian slavery but
there is a great want of Arms and the gent, being not come down from
London wh. would be a great encouragement to them. Here is yet but
few of the gent, of power but Coll1- Were whom I find both very ready
and well beloved in the county."

And again under date July I5th, from Tiverton "the regiments
of Coll. Popham's and Coll. Ware's were not above two hundred men in
all. I finde ye countyes genally willing, but their hindrance is want of
rms." (Letters received by Committee MS. Record Office, vol. ii.

i6o Devon Notes and Queries.

from Castell dove to Lostwithiell* where at the Bridge were
many barbarismes used, some killed, others flung into the
water, most plundered, and three of my colours taken away,
and I for the safety of my life was forced to crosse the
water, and with much speede to recover the hill where
Major Generall was, I acquainted him with the passages,
& there staying untill the Army came up, I met with
Major Belfore, sometimes Major of my Regement by order
aforesaid, but then turned to the King, who told me he
wished me well, and saw that I was wet, and heard that
I was wounded, and that our Army was to lye that night
upon the hill, where they wou'd be plundered, advised and
perswarded me to goe to his quarters, ingaging the faith
of a Souldier hee would see me safe to our Army againe
the next morning, then I finding my selfe in a wett and
sicke condition so as that nights colde lodging might have
indangered my life, I tooke his word, relying some thing
upon our foimer intimacy of acquaintance, but principally
upon that faith, which if broken, so much dishonoreth a
Gentleman or Souldier, & with two of the Convoy went
Master Salway my Chalplaine and Cornet Davis, who
accompanying me to Liskard, where we were civily dealt
with all that night, the next morning when we thought to
returne, the house and towne were full of souldiers, where
we had beene barbarously used had not the convoy pro-
tected us, then sending for Bel/ore, I desired him to make
good his promise unto me which he basely and ungentle-
manlike denied saying, there had been much enquirie for me

* Richard Symonds, a trooper in the King's Bodyguard, enters in
his diary, Monday. 2nd Septembris, 1644, " Major (General) Skippon
marched with all that rowt of rebells after the colours of the several regi-
ments. These regiments I took note of .... Col. Weare A
(? Argent) Governor of Lyme .... all their ensigns were wound
up, veloped. It rayned extremely as the varlets marched away a great
part of the time — many of them lost their hatts, etc. They all except here
and there an officer were strucken with such a dismal feare that as soon
as their colour of the regiment was past the rout of soldjers of that
regiment presst all of a heape like sheep, so durty and dejected as
was rare to see. None of them except some few of their officers
did looke any of us in the face." Symonds' Diary, Camden Society
Pub., pp. 66, 67.)

Devon Notes and Queries. 161

that night, and that I must goe to Sir Richard Grendvile,* I
was not then in a condition to contest more then with bare
words, and so went with him to Grendvile, who lay in the
same town, no sooner came I thither, but / acquinted him
with the passage, desiring him as he was a Souldier to
send me to the Army againe, wch he refused saying, I had
beene the most active enemy they had and he was glad hee
now had me in his custody, and that he would send me to
the King upon breach of the Articles, in learning the rode
way with the Army, I told him it was Belfore's ingagement
brought me thither, he replyed, Bel/ore was a foole to promise
more than he could performe, and so put me into another
roome, and within a short time sent for me againe, telling
me I must either to the King or serve him, and then I
should not want encouragements ; truely this their base
carriages did much amaze me, and perceiving I could not
avoide going to the King, of whom by reason of my former
actions, I could expect little favour, or suffer under the
hands of an unruly multitude who thronged about me with
many menaces, in this extremity I promised to serve the
King, but with a secret reservation to my selfe, no further
than he complyed with his Parliament, holding it no sinne
to deceive them that had beene twice perfidious to me, then
Grendvile gave mee in charge to Major Mohum, who brought me
that evening to the Lord Goring^ unto whom upon the same
constraint as to Grendvile, I made the same promise ; then was
I carried that night with a sufficient guard to Master Trefrayes
house, the next day to Okehampton, where I met our Army,
but was not suffered to stay there, but by Mohum was
carried a mile out of the towne, where my Major came unto

*This was Bevil Grenville's younger brother. He styled him-
self " The King's General in the West," but was known to the Royalists
as " Renegado " and to the Parliamentarians as "Skellum " (worthless),
He was trusted by neither side and finally imprisoned by his own. His
latest biographer, Preb. Granville, describes him as representing "the
worst type of Cavalier " as his brother Bevil did the best.

f Mr. Richard Cotton in his account of Barnstaple in the Civil War
describes Goring as quite unprincipled in his dealings in Devonshire and
as an officer who succeeded more than any other in the King's service in
bringing discredit on the Royalist cause. Mr. Eliot Warburton in his
Prince Rupert and the Cavaliers roundly calls Goring a scoundrel and a
villain. He subsequently deserted his command and fled to France.

N

1 62 Devon Notes and Queries.

mee, to him I gave forty shillings for to buy victualls for
my Souldiers, and told him privately and passionately how
basely I had been used by Belfore, desiring him to assure
the Major Generall I would speedily be with him, for I
would never serve against the Parliament, this he is more
a Souldier than to deny, if he do, I can prove his con-
fession of it. Thence I was carried to Tiverton where Sir
John Bearkley* lay, unto whom I made the same promise
as to Grenvile and Goring, and got of him a release for
divers Souldiers there taken up, and brought them to mine
owne house, where giving them money and victualls, I sent
them to our Armie, telling them with as much assurance
as in discretion was thought fit, I would never serve against
the Parliament ; this I did to them and others, which I can
prove if my owne words in my owne cause be not currant,
the friday after the compossition I came to my owne house,
the Sabboth following came Colonell Lindsie and some eight
persons more with him unto me, who demanded in a rough way
of me the reason I had not sent out my warrants, saying,
when I was for the Parliament I was daily active, now I
did nothing, swearing they would make me doe it or send
me to Exon. I replied what I did for the Parliament I
had commission for, and quarters for my men, now I had
neither, then said Linsey write a letter to the Lord Goring
and I will carry it, and you shall have any thing upon it,
I writt a smooth letter to Goring, & had an order to free
Lynsey, from Halborton his then quarters, & for me to
quarter there, this Order I shewed to Mohum, and so was
freed of those two tormentors, that night I intended to goe
for Taunton, but before night in came Cochin and his troope,
and Captaine Muddefore quartered at my house; then sent I
to Captaine Kevslake to know whether hee could not bring
me twenty honest men from Sampford our neighbour Parish,
and we would adventure upon that troope, and bring
them away, he said no, it was hard to trust Country fellowes
with so weighty a secret as concernes our lives, these fellowes
kept so strict a guard over us as wee could not escape
without danger and infinite hazard, we wanting horse and

* Sir John Berkeley, Governor of Exeter, had advanced from that
place and intercepted Essex's flying Cavalry at Tiverton, where on the
5th September he had " forced them thence disorderly."

Devon Notes and Queries. 163

other accommodations for our dispatch ; at last God offered
a meanes the which I tooke, this Captaine Muddifore desired
me to make him Captaine of Tiverton Company, I perceived
by it a Company would worke much with him, which I
granted so hee would assist me in bringing in my Rege-
ment, hee not without oathes promised it, then the next
day being Sunday, I tooke the advantage and carred him
to the Constable of Halbertones house, unto whom I did
openly before Muddifore and Cochins quartermaster deliver a
warrant, but before had privily told him my intentions
never to serve against the Parliament ; and shewed them a
smooth letter that I had writt to Sir John Barkly^& desired
them to send it, this bread such a confidence in them that
Muddifore ride with me and Quartermaster Baker to one Thomas
Knights house, where I had appointed Captaine Kevslake and
his Leiuetenant to meete me where we dined, and after
dinner under pretence of this warrant which Meddiford had,
we brought him in by-waies some seven miles neare Mil-
vevton Heffeild, where we understood of a troope of the enemies
horse not farre before us, and Muddifore mistrusting by reason
of our whispering rid away, otherwise wee had brought him
away prisoner, then I and my company posted to Taunton,
where I was hartily welcomed by Leivtenant Colonell
Blake* the governour of the Castle: the next day being
munday, I sent one Bartholomew Merson with warrants to
countermand them I had delivered the day before, commanding
the Countrey to appeare before me at Taunton, upon it divers
came in, who I beleeve are in actuall service, now there I
stayed a weeke, and had continued longer as there was neede,
hed not the London Pamphleteeres beene full of the scandall
of my revolt, which to cleare, and to give the world satis-
faction of my integrity, by offering my selfe ready to wipe
off that aspertion came away, having with me a large
testimony under the Governours hands to Shasbury to
Sir William Waller, with whom and Sir Arthur Haslerig\ I
had some discourse, thence I came to Southampton where

* Robert Blake, afterwards the Admiral who held the Mediter-
ranean for the Parliament.

t It will be observed from the introductory note that Waller and
Haselrigg subsequently applied for his release.

164 Devon Notes and Queries.

I was imprisoned by his Excellencies* Order, otherwise I
had come to London of mine owne accord. But I heare
a rumour among the multitude that I,

Obj. i. Suffered the Bridge to be taken by the Kings
forces, otherwise they had never entered Comewall.

Ans. When the King entred Comewall our Army was
neere 20 miles off, and I then by command was
at Lostwithell.

Obj. 2. That I had the keeping of a Bridge neere the
Lord Roberts house.

Ans. I sent by order a party of Dragoones thither, and
kept it untill by order they were drawne off, as
Captaine Skeeres and other Captaines can testifie.

Obj. 3. That I had the command of a Castle neere Lost-
withell which was lost.

An. Tis true, a party of men were sent out of my Rege-
ment without my consent theither by two cashiered
Captaines formerly under my Command, but by
what order they were sent thither, or how dis-
charged of that command I know not, I beleeve
no generall officer will say hee gave me the charge
of that place, there being but 18 men in it.

Obj. 4. That I quited the post at Castledoove being there
Commanded by Major Generall Skippon.

An. It is true, I marched thither in the reare of my
L. Generalls Regement with one part of five of
my Regement, and there continued untill my Lord
Generalls Regement came backe and routed mine,
then I did my uttermost to preserve the Ordnance
and brought them into a lane nereby, and placed
as many men as I could make stand in a ground
at most advantage, this I did of my self when the
Colonell of the other Regement withdrew himselfe.

Ob. . But you have spoken words that doe not tend to
the honour of the Lord Generall.

Ax. I confesse I have spoken that in some passion which
might have beene well left unsaid, which I will as
nakedly confesse as the rest being demanded, and

*i.c., Lord Essex, who had arrived at Southampton from Ply-
mouth by sea.

Devon Notes and Queries. 165

I hope not of that nature as to extinguish all
former merit.*

Obj. 6. That I carried my Regement to the King.

An. Let proofe be made that I carried one man, or
advised any so to doe, or was with the King then
let me suffer to the utmost.

Obj. 7. That you were with Colonell Barkky, and did not
desire him to demand you upon the Articles.

Ans. Tis true I met him, but had I acquainted him and
desired him to have demanded me upon the Articles
I beleeve I had never met him againe for they that
cared not to breake Articles upon no pretence, what
would they have done to me having some colour
for it, it would have certainely endangered my life.

And thus you have a plaine punctall Narration of my
actions ; wherein perhaps may be some weaknesses ; Let
him accuse me that hath not any ; However I was neither
false, or prejudiciall to the cause, though perhaps some
slaunder insinuated by the enemy (to -worke divisions) have
represented such, as also the heate and passion of a Souldier
may carry him to some extravagancies when his heart is
reall ; I Justine my actions, few men can all their cursory
casuall discourses ; if mine have erred, it has been on the
right hand, out of too passionate zeale to the good successe
of this cause ; the which I so much tender, that I would
rather lye a prisoner, than interupt the proceedings thereof
by an unseasonable petition, though a triall be that which
so much above all things I desire ; my present sufferance
not so much grieving me as the present scandall I lye under,
and the frequent scoffings of the disaffected,! to see me so

* Essex had deserted his army at Lostwithiel and left it to its
fate — starving, disordered and surrounded.

f The feeling against Were must have been very strong. Essex,
writing to the Committee of both Kingdoms from Portsmouth, under
date Sept. nth, after praising the conduct of some of his officers in
the fight with Berkeley at Tiverton, says : " Col. (John) Were
(or Ware) who was at Lyme (Regis) the Devon Colonel hath played
the Judas and is revolted." And again from the same place on
Oct. I5th : " For my recruiting out of the Western Men they are very
few the Renegade Were having as I hear but 40 left of his regiment.
Col. Luttrell's men I have not seen, but think they are not many."
(Letters received by Committee. MS. Record Office, vol. ii.)

1 66 Devon Notes and Queries.

much discountenanced by those for whose prosperity I have
forsaken wife, children, house and lands, spilt my blood,
having at this instant a wound greene, a bullet in my body,*
and not expended less then all ; scarse having ought left
to yeeld my selfe and family a subsistance, especially
where the expences are not small, But I waite deliverance
from God and good men.

JOHN WERE.
FINIS.

230. RELATION BY COL. JOHN WERE,

I644>] [8 Nov. P] 1644.

Witnesses. A true relacon of the Passages that were

in his Excies Army after such time as
Colonel Were came into it.

AFTER that Lyme was releived (wch was about Whit-
sontide) and Wee heard that his Exde was at Dor-
chester, I sent a Lre to his Exce intimating in what
a fearfull Condicon the Enemy was, and wth all how willing
the Countrie was (having had divers honest Mens Infor-
macons) to free themselues of the great oppression lay vpon
them, and did desire his Exce that speedily, 1500 Horse
and Dragoones might bee sent after Prince Maurice, wch by
Gods blessing would hinder his Plundering, and stopp his
recruting vnto wch Lre J received this Answeare from his
Exce That his Horse were Harrowed out, and that they
had neede of rest, but if then the 1500 Horse had bin sent
(wth Gods assistance) Maurice had bin (before the Armyes
coming downe) Nothing for our Men at Lyme were in
such heart after the Enemies going away & ye Enemie
soe disheartened, as that J am Confident there would have
bin a speedy dispatch of Maurice his Army, as will more
evidently appeare by something J shall relate in after
passages. About 4 daies after J received a Lre out of
Devon shire intimating how Prince Maurice had sent out
his Warrts for the Drawing in all the Countrie Comaunding

* Admiral the Earl of Warwick reported that at Lyme in the May
previous " Col. Were was shot in the Belly (but not mortally)." (Rush-
worth Hist. Coll., part iii., vol. ii., p. 681.)

Devon Notes and Queries. 167

all the East part of Devon to thresh out their corne, and
bring in that and their Cattle to Exon vpon paine of Plun-
dering and firing, Wch made the Jnhabts supplicate me, as J
tendered the good of my Countrie to vse all meanes that
some speedie helpe might bee sent vnto them, Vpon this
J sent a second Lie to his Exde desiring his Excie to take
the sad Condicon of or Country into Consideracon, and vpon
myne and I> Col. Blakes importunity the Army did
advance fr5 Dorchestr to Bridport where J came to his
Excie who demaunded of me many perticulars about Lyme,
and where hee was best to Martch. My Opinion was for
his Martch speedily to follow Maurice, and tnen Lyme
would bee in a Condicon good enough, vpon that his Excie re-
solued to Martch towards Chard, and sent my Lo. Roberts
and my selfe to Lyme to settle Busines there, and to
retourne to him, but that was soone altred, for that Night
his Excie lay at Crewkerne. My lord Roberts hearing of
it ymediatly hasted vnto his Excie> and desired him to
Martch the next day to Chard wch was graunted. Then J
Comaunded my Regim* to Martch from Lyme to Waycraft
Howse, beeing but 100. Musketeires, wch was 4. Miles from
the Armie neerer the Enemie, and then J desired his
Excie would bee pleased to afford mee a partie of Horse
to joyne with my Foote and J would Advance out into my
Divisions and raise my Regim*- Vpon my request his Excie
Ordered that 4. Troopes of Horse should goe wth mee vnder
my Comaund. Then J Martch't wth them and my Foote
to Axminster, thence to Wellington and at Wellington
hearing that some of the Enemy were neere Halberton, J
sent out two Troopes of Horse whoe beate the Enemy
from thence, tooke divers Prisoners, Allarmd home to their
head Qrters Tiverton and frighted them thence in a great
disorder, if two Troopes could doe this let all the World
judge what the 1500. Horse would have done, but How-
ever J had pursued them with that small partie, and the
helpe J should have had of the Countrie had J not bin
Commauned [sic] by my Lo: Generall to retourne vnto
him. Afterwards J vnderstood by my Major what the my
Cause was that the 1500. Horse was at first denied for hee Name is
told me of a difference that fell out betweene his Excie and WID< Boteler
gr \Vm- Waller about my Lo: Genlls coming Downe, said

1 68 Devon Notes and Queries.

that Wallers Faccon had procured a Lre from the Howse
to stay my Lo: Gen11 from coming into the West only 2000.
Horse to bee sent for the releiving of Lyme, Wch my Lo:
Gen11 would noe way assent vnto, but would rather laie
downe his Commission and sitt in the Lords Horse [sic]
then bee braved by Waller, and that was the reason that
1500. Horse were denied. For said hee if you had done
that Service, that you saie you would wth them, then it
would have bin Visible that the 2000. according to the
Parits Order would have done more, and bin sufficient for
the Worke, truly at first J did not beleive him, yet at last
J perceived there was some such thing by a Lre my Lo:
Gen11 shewed wch came from the Parit wherein J perceived
that the Howse Distasted at some expressions my Lo:
Gen11 had sent them; being retourned J met the Armie
vpon Black Downe thence they Martched that Night to
Collompton, thence to Tiverton and J had Order to Quarter
at Halberton (from whence the 4. Troopes of Horse were
Comaunded from mee), but whie the Army laie soe long
still at those places J know not and the Enemie soe neere
them (except some were vnwilling the Warrs should bee
ended for then their Harvest would bee lost because of
their great Pay, but if they had done as J have, losse all
my estate, and gone vpon my owne cost and charge they
would bee more Willinge), Once J am sure that stay ruyned
or Countrie, for had there bin a speedie Advance (by Gods
blessing) Wee had beaten Maurice and Greenvile, and
might have retourned soone enough to have beaten the
King too ; but it may be some will saie they staid for the
raising of my Regim1- £o Bnsweve tbat, J had more Men
within 3. daies J came then J had Martched with mee, for
the delaie disheartened the Countrie, but how Armed ?
J had wthin that time as many Armes as the Coun-
trie could afford, and for the rest J might if Jt had
pleased my Lo: Gen11 as well have had them at the first
as at last, for J had them at last of him after or
remove from Tiverton Wee went to Crediton Bowe,
then to Tavestock from thence into Cornwall to Bod-
man, and soe to Lostwithiell ; the Passages that were
there were these.

Devon Notts and Queries. 169

CONCERNING TWO PAPISTS. Cap1

1. As Wee Martched toward Bodman neere the Lo: Creamer
Roberts Howse Capt Creamer and Capt Brownes L* went ~lap

to a little Howse for to seeke for some beere where they Ljeutenant

found to frenchmen Plunderinge and examined them, and

found them to bee of the Kings Army Vpon that they

seized vpon them, and searched their Portmantuas wherein

they found divers Plundered goods & 6. Horses that they

had stole in the Stable, and about them 3. Crucifixes the

one of or Sauior vpon the crosse. 2. the Virgin Mary

wth Crist in her Armes. 3. of the Holie Trimtie, this

being found the Capts put them vnder a Guard & brought

them to my Lo: Feild Martiall who vpon their Examinacon

Comitted them to the Martiall Gen11 where they lay till they

were brought to Lostwithiell, where they pcured an order

vnder the Lo: Genlls hand for the restoracon of their

Plundred goods Horses and all, and were set at libertie

to serve in Col: Beres Regim1 this order was brought to

me by Capt Creamer, Wherevpon J comaunded him to CaP*

stay them, and went to the Lo: GenUs lodging to acquaint Creamer

him what Men hee had Freed, but not finding him there diverse other

J went to my lo: Feild Martiall and acquainted him w* it, witnesses

who admired such an Order should bee graunted,

and said they deserved death, and his Servants and others

said if such things were suffered it were time to lay downe

Armes, J am confident this did dishearten many, J am sure

it did in my Regmt( however the Order stood in force,

wch J conceive is ag* the Covenfit J have made wth God

and therefore doe now reveale it.

CONCERNING COL: DOLBEIRES, ALDRIDGE AND BOTELER.

2. Major Mohun after J was in his Custodie, and thinking
himselfe sure of mee, told mee those ColeUs came Willingly
to the Lo: Mohuns Howse, and hee and others knew of
their coming, and thus hee argued the Busines.

1. Jf they had not bin Willing to bee taken whie and that J
should they come into our Qters. am sure

2. You knowe there was never a fort made vpon was wthout
the Beacon Hill vntill their coming to vs, for Wee leavc
before feared of yor reserve but being assured by them

you had none made that Worke wch plaid vpon Essex's

170 Devon Notes and Queries.

Regim*' and soe within a short time came lower, and
at the same time Stormed Aldridges Regim* and wann
some hedges of them.

3. Doe you thinke if Wee had not knowne Boteler

right for vs that Wee would have released a Col: at

that time when Wee were sure to fight.

This as hee had argued was true, besides Boteler was the

only Man that advised his Excie to send away his Horse,

and to goe neerer Foy wth his Foote wch was the next Daie

after his coming to or Army done though hee were druncke

when hee advised it, and the first Service hee did after hee

came to vs was to runne from the Post hee was to keepe,

and to bring vs News of my Ld Genlls going away.

CONCERNING THE LOOSING OF THE CASTLE BY CAPT. PULLEN

AND WOOD WCH IS JMPUTED VPON MEE.

When J came to Lostwithiell, Capt Pullen and Wood

came to mee for Mony J having then borrowed 300" for

the paym4 of my Foote Regim* and came into my

Qrters and forced open the Buttery Dore and did other

disorders, soe as Capt Creamer acquainted me wth it J then

being vpon my Bed asleepe, when J came downe J Checkt

them for their incivilitie, and told them when they left off

drincking and Plundering they should have as the rest of

their fellowes had, in the meane time sithence the Monies

was my owne they should have none, vpon wch they went

to the lo: Gen11 and Complained ag* mee J Answeared it,

and made it appeare that J had received noe Monies for

them, and satisfied my Lo: Gen11 that J had laid out more

Capts then ever Jjrec, vpon this Pullen and Wood Casheired them-

Andrewes selues from mee wch J was very glad of, Within two Daies

Boteler tjjey were Casheired they came to the Major of my Regim1 in

r^a ne^ my absence, and ^tended they had an order for 120. Mus-

Of e keteires to bee drawne out of my Regim1 from the Major

Capts of Gen11 for to keepe Mr. Trevills Howse and a Castle by it,

>e Regim'- Wch Verball Order of theirs hee obeyed wthout my Privicy,

and drew out the Men and sent them with them, When J

vnderstoode of it J was very much troubled that such as

were Cashired of my Regim' should have the Comaund

of my Men wthout my assent, and soe were all the Capts

of my Regim1 as conceiving or selves disparaged by it,

Devon Notes and Queries. 171

and vpon it J went to the Lord Feild Martiall and
told him my greivances, and desired to bee righted or
J should lay downe my Comon> Hee pswaded mee to
bee patient vntill such time as Wee might well call
Busines in question and then J should have right
wch made mee sit still vntill such time as the Enemy
came nere that place, then J went vp to see in what Con-
dicon my men were, J found them vpon good Guards,
and gave the Comaund of them to the forenamed Capts
conceiving them to bee the Men had charge of that place,
it being their continued Qrters and giving them Direccon
to keepe out good Horse scouts having neere 30. betweene
them, and J Comaunded Pullen to View the Castle and to
make it good the other to stay by the Howse, and soe
went againe to My Regim1- but soe soone as the Enemy
advanced both these two Capts ranne away fro their Charge
and left the Men (telling them that 2000. Horse and foote
were coming vpon them and they would be cut off at
wch after a little fighting they rann away) and came into
the Towne to mee and told me J must send more Men
or the Castle would bee lost, J askt them how they Durst
quitt their Post wthout Order they said they had noe
Comaund there Were you not there Comaunded by ye Major
Gen11- (yes :) but Wee were releived by Major Boteler (the
same Major that drewe out my Men wthout my knowledge
releived them wthout my consent) then J went vp wth 60.
Dragooners but before J came there the Castle was lost,
then J Lyned the Hedges, and kept them till my Lo :
Gen11 sent releife, for my owne pticuler J had noe more to
doe wth the Castle, then the Meerest strainger that was for
there were never in the Castle aboue 18. Musketteires
wch J suppose any man will say was not a Comaund for
a Col:

CONCERNING MAJOR ORME.

The Towne of Lyme having Notice that Major Orme LI- Col:
did without Order Parle wth the Enemy discarded him the Leighton
Towne and sent him by Sea towards London, but the Ship
that hee went in (either Willingly or forced) into Wey- rsic -\
mouth whence Orme went to the Enemy at Exofi, and
came wth Prince Maurice agl Lyme, before his going from

172

Devon Notes and Queries.

J> C. Blake

Lyme and being an Officer of the Garrison hee was Com-
aunded to goe wth mee as my Guard about some busines
the govnor desired mee to doe for the Towne and Garrison,
wch was to borrow 20" vpon the Parlt Proposicons of my

Mr- Cheeke Brother Cheeke wch J accordingly did, and brought it to

the Governo* none knowing but Orme, Wch hee vpon the

Princes beseiging of Lyme acquainted Col • Ashburnham wth

Frolick jt lying at Frolick Bailies Howse, and said that Cheeke was

Baihe a greaj- Enemy to the King and had lent 2oli to main-

andsunne taine that Arch Rebell Were, and that rebellous Towne of
Lyme, and by Ashburnhams Meanes pcured a sequestracon
for Lt. Col: Chamberlaine and himselfe for Mr Cheekes
Estate from the Prince these things J Complained of, not
holding him fitt to bee in our Armie, and gave it vnder
my hand to my lord Feild Marshall whoe sent it to
the Councell of Warr at Lostwithiell whoe Comitted him
but by my Majors intercession to my Lord Generall, hee
was soone released yf such a fellow were fitt to bee in
or Armie let the World judge.

There was a Councell of Warre at Chard the passage
in it though J have had them related from L*- Col : Blake,
but not being my selfe there, J am vnwilling to put Vnder
my hand, but J conceive it is fitt L' Col Blake should
make his relacon of it, it being a busines as I conceive
may much advantage the State and soe for what reason
the lord Feild Marshall confined Sr- Phillip Stapleton at
Bastable, and how hee came to bee released.

CONCERNING MAJOR BOTELER.*

Capt Vpon my coming Downe to Lyme, the first enterprize

Longden j vndertooke was at Bridport where by Gods blessing Wee

I)auis to°ke I0°- good Horse, and had retourned safe to Lyme

had not Major Orme there basely run saying retreate the

Hedge is lyned wth Musketteers or Wee are lost else,

wch occasioned a disorderly retreate soe as J lost some Men

but yet retourued to Lyme with all the Horse, wch soe

* Butler was committed to the Tower on the same charge as Were
of having betrayed his post at Lostwithiel. He had only just been
exchanged after his capture at Hemyock to take part in Essex's Cornish
march, and was suspected of Royalist tendencies. I cannot find the
result of either his or Were's trial.

Devon Notes and Queries.

heartened Devonshire as that the Jnhabts- of Hemiock
psently rose for the Freeing of their Countrie, and sent to
mee to desire mee to send them some Assistance of Horse
and Officers, and they would repaire vnto mee, Vpon it
the Gounor of Lyme called a Councell of Warr where
wth a Vnanimous consent it was agreed vpon, that Major
Boteler should goe thither wth 60. Horse, and bring them
that Were at Hemiock vnto mee at Studcombe Howse,
and wth all that J should send out my Warrts- for the
raising of the Countrie to appeare there wch J accordingly
did, But Major Boteler (contrary to the Order) staid at
Hemiock vntill such tyme as hee and all the 6p. Horse
were taken, and stopt my Warrts- and forgd others, puting
my hand vnto them wthout my Assent to Comaund the
Country at Hemiock, whereas J Comaunded at Studcombe,
and after Deliuered the Castle soe dishonoblie that 3. honest
Men were hang'd, and himselfe and the rest carried
Prison" to Exofi with a Distinction who were Lyme
Souldiers and who were Countrie Men, the Countrie Men
were bound vp like rogues and Lyme Souldiers onlie
having a peice of Match vpon their Armes* at that same
time, J beate vp Colliton Qrters of the Enemy, tooke most
that were there Prisoners all their Magazine, Colours,
Drums, Armes, and if hee had followed my Comaund, and
retourned wth those Hemiock Men, J appeale to all the
Comaunders that were wth mee at Lyme and them wth him
and all the Country besides, whither or noe J had (in
probability) not bin Mr of the Feild, and might have
freed Devonshire of my selfe for then wee had Armes,
Magazine and other Necessaries of Warr enough, and
aboue all the Hearts of the Countrie, For they brought in
their Monies Freelie and all provisions wch J desire hee
may give accompt of, And wth all if you please to see but
the Comissaries Roll at the first Muster at South10" J

Cap* Shaw
Cap*
Keslack
Cap*

Saunders
Ca: I>
Cawsey
and all that
were at
Hemiock
& all the
Countrie
to Bootte.

*The Royalist Mercurius Aulicus of March 9th, 1643 (1644), refers to
this as follows : — Intelligence came that Sir William Waller had sent
Col. Ware, his deputy, to raise men in Dorset, and got several officers
and men from Lyme, but Lord Paulet, Sir John Berkeley, Sir Richard
Chumley, Col. Bluet, etc., attacked them at Hemiock Castle, took the
town, forced the rebels into the Castle, who surrendered it next morning,
in which were 200 prisoners, 10 officers and 80 horse.

174 Devon Notes and Queries.

The beleive you will will finde hee hath sufficientlie Cheated the
Comissaries State, for J heare he received pay for 150. Souldiers when
name is ^ee j^d not aDOUe ^o. & for 12. Lts and 12. Ensignes
Cap* Varnie , . , , , . ...

when hee had not J am sure soe mame. and since boasted

at Reading hee had gott loo11- by the muster.

Cap1 CONCERNING COL. DOLBEIRE.

Kerslacke Major Mohun told mee that hee was well enough
knowne when hee was at the Lo : Mohuns Howse and
they knew well enough what they did when they let him
goe.

PETITION OF COL. JOHN WERE.

My humble Requests and desires are these

1. That J may bee publickly heard by the Parit for
those things that's laid to my charge, and have my Wit-
nesses sent for that can prove my innocency, that as my
Disgrace hath bin publiquely, so either my Condempnacon
or integritie may appeare to all the World, for J thanck
my God J haue a cleere Conscience and a great God and
feare of Nothing can bee objected ag* mee.

2. J shall humbly desire that my Lo : Cleavland who
J am informed, speakes ag* mee, may come some where,
where hee and J may bee face to face before such as the
hoble Howse shall appointe, and see what then he can say
agl mee.

3. That J may have my Accusacon in Writing, and
that J may have time to make my Answeare.

4. That sithence J ever went vpon my owne charge
and all my estate is lost in the Parit Svice and taken
[& possest ?] by ye Enemy J may have some maintenance
from the Parit vntill my Tri [all] .

These things J humblie desire may bee graunted
mee, and then J make noe question but you will
easily see who have ruynd or Country, and this
Aspertion that is now vpon mee wil bee Vindicated
to my Reputacon.

[Signed] Jo: WERE.
[Endorsed.] Jn ye Armey when

Coll: Were came to it.

Devon Notes and Queries. 175

95. AVETON GIFFARD (IV., pp. 44, 73, in). — The
following extracts from Testa de Nevil in 1243 will, I think,
conclusively show that Prebendary Hingeston-Randolph's
statement is correct that Cardinan's Alyngtone (as stated
in his Bronescombe Registers, p. 314) is East Allington. Under
Stanborough Hundred [no. 1257] , p. 192 a : " Odo de Trawerby
holds Alingthon of the barony of Andrew de Cardinan in
Cornwall. He does for it no service." Ibid. [No. 1259],
p. 1926: " Mathew Besille holds the manor of Alsingthon,
which was an escheat of our lord the King, part of the
land of Oliver Daubengny by the King's gift, subject to
paying yearly 26 shillings to Nicolas de Molis to his manor
of Dupeford and finding for him one beadle for his hundred
of Stanboro'." Now the manor which was connected with
Diptford was certainly West Alvington, as the Hundred
Rolls of A.D. 1274 proves. This tells us [No. 32, p. 79],
that : " The manor of Dupeforde was a lordship pertaining
to the crown of King John, who gave it to Henry the
earl's son, and he died without heir when it escheated to
King Henry [III.], the present King's [Edward I.] father,
who gave it to Nicolas de Mules excepting 60/1 rent etc. ; "
and that the " manor of Alfyngton was a lordship of King
John, who gave it to Alice de Redvers, except the advowson
of the Church which the Canons of Salisbury held from of old,
the church being worth 100 marks a year, and except 36
shillings from the said manor which King Henry gave to
Nicolas de Mules with the before named manor of Depe-
furd." If Alwington Besilles was West Alvington, the
advowson of which the canons of Sarum held, it follows
that Cardinan's Alvington was East Allington.

If further proof is needed reference may be made to
Domesday, where Alvintone (No. 27, p. 22), which follows
Diptford, a King's manor, is known to be West Alvington,
and Alintona (No. 1132, p. 893), to be East Allington.
But the latter was Richard, son of Torolfs manor, and
Richard is the predecessor in title of the Cardinan family both
here and also in the manors which Richard held under the
Count of Mortain. It should be borne in mind that there
were two other manors in Aveton Giffard in Domesday
times besides Ruald's Avetona (W. 935, p. 997), viz., the
Abbot of Buckfast's Heathfield (W. 247, p. 256), and

176 Devon Notes and Queries.

Stodbury (W. 594, p. 628), which Ralf held under Juhel of
Totnes. Is it possible that the chapel may have been
founded by the lord of Stodbury ? If not, is it possible
that the name de Lyntone may be a way of writing
d'Elyntone or d'Alyntone, i.e., " of Allington," and that
Henry of Allington may be a member of the Cardinan
family, so called from having been born at East Allington ?

OSWALD J. REICHEL.

96. AVETON GIFFARD (IV., part II., p. 44; part III.,
p. 73; Part IV., p. in). — Although I have no knowledge
of the precise situation of the boundaries of the parishes
of Aveton Giffard and East Allington, I have been much
interested in the discussion as to whether it was the church
of the latter parish, or of West Alvington, which was held
by Robert de Cardinan, as I extracted from the Episcopal
Registers, some few years since, a list of the Incumbents
and Patrons of East Allington for the present Rector. I
have, therefore, set out in as short a form as possible, the
principal particulars given in the entries of the early in-
stitutions, together with four extraneous items from the
Episcopal Registers, and some extracts from the Prideaux
Genealogy, and I think that after they have read these
notes both Mr. Pitman and Mr. Elliot will be quite
convinced that the " Allington," of Robert de Cardinan
was not West Alvington but East Allington, and that
Prebendary Hingeston- Randolph in stating that it was the
latter place in his edition of Bishop QuiviVs Register, is, as
usual, perfectly correct.

Robert, Baron of Cardinan, living 1216, gave the manor
and church of Allington to Robert, his younger son, whose
daughter Emma was the wife of Otho, son of Walter
Treverbin, and had issue Hugh Treverbin (Pole's Collections
and Maclean's Trigg Minor).

Symon de Loges was instituted to " Alyntone " in
1268; Patron, Sir Hugh de Treverbin (Reg. Bvonescombe,
fol. 38a).

Taxation (in 1270) of the Vicarage of " Alfintone," and its
chapels of Myddeltone, Marleberge, and Hywysh, appro-
priated to the Dean and Chapter of Salisbury (Ibid.,
ol. 44a).

Devon Notes and Queries. 177

Odo de Ludre was instituted to "Alintone" in 1275;
Patron, Sir Hugh de Treverbyn (Ibid., fol. 6ga).

Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of Hugh de Treverbyn,
was married to Sir Roger de Pridias (Vivian's Visitations of
Devon).

On the death of Andrew de Treverbyn, William Gillayn
was instituted to " Alyngtone in 1341-2 ; Patron, Sir Roger
Pridiaux [son and heir of Sir Roger, above named] (Reg.
Grandisson, vol. iij., fol. 45b). In an entry under date of 1354-5,
Gylayn (styled here " Rector ") and John Colrigge, Vicar of
" Alvyngtone," are recorded as having been elected Confessors
for the Deanery of Wodeleghe (Ibid., vol. j,, fol. i8ob).

Robert de Trethewy was instituted to " Alyngtone " in
1361-2, and the mandate for his induction was directed to
the Dean of Wodelegh and another; Patron, Sir John de
Dynham, as guardian of the lands of John, son and heir
of Roger Prideaux, deceased (Ibid., fol. i35a). In an entry
in Reg. Brantyngham (vol. j., fol. 33a), under date of 1373,
Trethewy is styled " Rector."

Richard Olyver was instituted to " Alyngtone " in 1407,
and the mandate for his induction was directed to the Arch-
deacon of Totnes, or his official ; Patron, Richard Prydeaux
[brother of John] . This was an exchange, and in the record
both Roger Langeman, the outgoing Incumbent, and Olyver
are styled " Rector" (Reg. Stafford, vol. ij., fol. g8b).

On the death of Olyver, John Offorde was instituted to
" Alyngtone " in 1441-2 ; Patrons, John Gyffarde and others,
as grantees of John Prydiaux [son and heir of Richard] . A
Commission of Inquiry as to the vacancy and right of patronage
was issued, and in the Return Olyver was styled the " late
Rector" (Reg. Lacy, vols. j. and ij., fols. ig6b and 235b).

On the death of OfFord, John Courteys was instituted
to " Northe Alyngtone " in 1453 ; Patron, Elizabeth, relict of
John Prydeaux (Ibid., vol. j., fol. 277b). A Commission
having been issued, as on the last occasion, one of the
jurors was John Parlebene, Vicar of "Alvyngtone" (instituted
in 1446-7, on the presentation of the Dean and Chapter of
Salisbury, Ibid., vol. j., fol. 225a), and in the Return OfFord
was styled the "late Rector," and the church stated to be
portionary to the parish church of Wodleghe in a fourth

178 Devon Notes and Queries.

part of the tithe of growing wheat in Notecombe, Lamy-
shede, and Mukpytte, situated within the aforesaid parish
of " Alyngtone " (Ibid., vol. ij., fol. 396a).

On the death of Thomas Beke. John Chamborne was
instituted to " North Alingtone " in 1493 ; Patron, John
Pridiaux [son, or grandson, of John and Elizabeth] , and
his feoffees (Episcopal Registers, vol. xij., fol. i66b of the
second foliation). A Commission was again issued, and in the
Return Beke was styled the " late Rector" (Ibid., fol. i63b).

John Pridiaux, the grandson (deceased before 1522),
married, as his second wife, Joan Cotterell, widow (Vivian's
Visitations of Devon).

On the resignation of Chamborne, John Goodfelow was
instituted to " Est Alyngtone" in 1515; Patron, Thomas
Coterell (Reg. Oldam, fol. 6^b.)

To sum up, it is proved, — (i) By the entries of 1354-5,
1361-2 and 1407, that "Alyngtone," held by the Treverbyn-
Prideaux line, was in the Archdeaconry of Totnes and
Deanery of Woodleigh; (2) by those of 1354-5, 1373, 1407, and
1441-2, that it was a Rectory; (3) by those of 1407, 1441-2,
and 1453, that it was identical with " Northe Alyngtone " ;
and (4) by those of 1493 and 1515, that the latter and
" Est Alyngtone " were one and the same. It is also
proved (i) by the entry of 1270 that West Alvington was
then, as it still is, a Vicarage, in the patronage of the Dean
and Chapter of Salisbury; and (2) by the entries of 1354-5
and 1453, that it was quite distinct from " Alyngtone " —
"Northe Alyngtone." And it is further proved by the
Episcopal Registers that the only other benefice in Devon
in the patronage of the Prideaux family, temp. Brones-
combe to Stafford (and that not before 1361) was Combe-in-
Teignhead, then in the Archdeaconry of Exeter, and pre-
viously held by the family of de Clyfford. It is, therefore,
perfectly clear that the Rectory of " Alyngtone " — " Est
Alyngtone " — was the " Allington " of Robert de Cardinan.

W. E. MUGFORD.

97. DAY AND CURFEW BELLS. — The practice mentioned
by your correspondent, Mr. Northmore, as prevailing at Lifton
has from time immemorial been followed at Okehampton.
The recent order of the Charity Commission, dated the
2ist September last, forming a body known as " The

Devon Notes and Queries. 179

Trustees of the Okehampton (United) Ecclesiastical Charity,"
for the management of, amongst other things, " the building
known as St. James's Chapel," records and perpetuates the
fact (sec. 3, sub-sec. 2) denning the duty, etc., of the
trustees being as follows : — " (2) The provision by the
trustees of the said Ecclesiastical Charity for the main-
tenance of a clock in good working order in the tower of
the said Chapel and for the ringing as heretofore accustomed
of the bell in the said tower as a Curfew and Angelus Bell
night and morning — as an alarm bell in case of fire, and as
a passing bell on deaths within the borough." The bell in
S. James's Chapel bears the following inscription : — " Est
mihi collatum IHS istud nomen amatum."

J. D. PRICKMAN.

98. LAND REFORM. — Jesse Collings' book on land reform
(Land Reform : Occupying ownership, Peasant proprietary and
Rural Education by the Right Hon. Jesse Collings, LongmanSj
1906), "inscribed to the cherished memory of the noble pea-
sant woman by the youngest and last survivor of her many
children," is a volume which should be read by all classes,
being both interesting and instructive. It is pleasantly written
and free from technicalities. It gives a true and fair account
of the English land system, beginning with the Domesday
manor and its division into the lord's demesne, the villagers'
land and the waste. It traces the gradual encroachment
by the lord, first by making large grants from the waste,
then by increasing the chief rents paid by his villeins, then
compelling the latter to work for a fixed wage notwith-
standing the decreasing purchasing power of money, and
finally dispossessing the tenant to make way for the
profitable cultivation of sheep. The revolts of the peasants
against these encroachments are set before us in their true
historical setting. With the decline of peasant proprietor-
ship, we see the agriculturist gradually estranged from the
land, the climax being reached in the modern system of
so-called rural education given by town -bred teachers out
of sympathy with the land, crushing in their pupils all taste
for agricultural surroundings and fitting them only for town
life and clerkly work. With this is contrasted the wise
system of Prussia and France. Various schemes of land

180 Devon Notes and Queries.

reform are then explained and their merits and demerits
set forth, followed by chapters on our food supply in time
of war, fiscal policy and agriculture, and the depopulation
of rural England intensified by mistaken methods of cure.

OSWALD J. REICHEL.

99. THE CHURCH HOUSE, THURLESTONE. — I have recently
transcribed for the Rector of Thurlestone three antient deeds
of remarkable interest, which constitute quite a little chapter
in the history of his Church and parish. I send the trans-
cripts herewith, having no doubt that the Editors of Devon
Notes and Queries will gladly find room for them. The deeds,
of which the earliest dates from 1536 and the latest from 1616,
have been well preserved, and are in excellent condition.

Of the Rectors of the parish mentioned in the deeds,
Richard Worthe was instituted on the gth of February,
1523-4, on the presentation of Nicholas Ayshford and
Richard Yearde, Esquires (Register Veysey, vol. i., fol. 18);
and Henry Luscombe was instituted on the 23rd of Sep-
tember, 1597, we are not told on whose presentation
(Register Babington, fol. 63b.) The Rector at the date of the
second deed was John Luttley, who was instituted on the
2ist of June, 1560, on the presentation of Baldwin Aishforde,
gentleman, grantee of the presentation from Nicholas Aishe-
forde and Thomas Yarde, Esquires. His institution is not
recorded at Exeter, for he was instituted by the Commissaries
appointed by Archbishop Parker to serve during the vacancy
of the See, after the deprivation of Bishop Turberville.

One of the buttresses of the original building still remains
intact. Immediately above it is a figure of an angel holding
a shield, on which are sculptured the arms of Ayshford —
"Argent, between two chevrons sable, three ashen keys proper."

For the following brief account of the present state of the
building and other interesting particulars I am indebted to
the present Rector, the Rev. Frank Egerton Coope : —

"The Church House in the village of Thurlestone is built
of stone, and is roofed-in partly with thatch and partly with
slate. There are indications under the thatch that the house
was originally wholly roofed with slate. It was, at some
time unknown, turned into dwelling houses by means of
wooden partitions, when some of the old windows were

Devon Notes and Queries. 181

blocked up and new ones were cut out. There is no ground
belonging to the house beyond that upon which it actually
stands, as may be seen by consulting the measurements
given in the deeds and the stipulations about access being
permitted for repairs ; but the use of a certain extent of
garden-ground at the back of the building has been granted
to the tenants from time immemorial. In the time of the
Rev. P. A. Ilbert, the tenants, many of whom occupied a
single room, paid one penny a year each for the use of the
ground, but a rent of is. a year for the whole of the ground
is now paid by the churchwardens to the Rector out of the
rents.

" The gloves mentioned in the first deed were con-
tinuously presented at the altar on All Saints Day by
the churchwardens until 1836, when the Rev. Peregrine
A. Ilbert was instituted to the living. He was not told
of the obligation when he came, but he left a record
in the parish chest, dated 1889, to the effect that he
had discovered from the original deed that he was
entitled to the gloves. The present Rector induced
the churchwardens to resume the custom when he came
in 1897.

" On the outside of the house, resting upon the top of a
buttress, are the arms of the Ayshford family. A certain
Nicholas Ayshford (it will be seen) was one of the joint
patrons of the benefice when the land for the building of
the house was given.

" Half the house was rented for a time by the overseers
of the poor as a Poorhouse. It was given up again when
Kingsbridge Union Workhouse was built. A large table
and a form, some pewter plates, and a broken bedstead still
remain as monuments of this occupation.

" The house has from time immemorial been administered
by the churchwardens on behalf of their fellow trustees. It
is let, when any are forthcoming, to aged parishioners who
might otherwise have to seek the Workhouse, and part of
their rent is returned to them. The first charge upon the
rent is for the repair of the Parish Church ; but the Rector
and churchwardens have for some time past foregone this
claim until the Church House itself shall have been put into
thoroughly good repair. The Rector would welcome a visit

1 82 Devon Notes and Queries.

from any antiquary who could distinguish between the
original and later features of the house, and explain how
the various parts of the building were used for the enter-
tainment of the parishioners for church-ales at Church
festivals before the Puritans made away with what seemed
to them such ungodly merrymaking."

By the first of the deeds Richard Worth, the then Rector
of the parish, 16 June, 1536, with the consent of the patrons
of the living, Richard Yarde and Nicholas Aysshforde,
Esquires, and of the Bishop, John Veysey, as Ordinary,
gave to David Stephyne, Robert Cornysshe, John Rogger
and John Birdewoode a piece of the glebe land of his
Rectory, containing in length sixty-six feet and in breadth
twenty-four feet, situate between the tenement in which
John Yeomane then lived on the east, other parts of the
glebe land on the south and west, and the King's high-
way on the north, to the intent that a house for the
benefit (aisiamento, commodo, et utilitate) of all the parish-
ioners should be built. The Rector also gives permission
for David, Robert, John, and John to place ladders and
stones and all other things, implements, and utensils
necessary for the building of the house and for its
repair and upkeep upon his land adjoining. And David*
Robert, John, and John, in consideration of the gift and
licence, agreed to keep an anniversary or obit, with a
priest to pray for the good estate of the Rector and of the
Bishop and of Richard Yarde and Nicholas Aysshforde
while alive, and for their souls and for the souls of their
heirs, successors, parents, friends and benefactors, and to
place their names upon the bede-roll of the Church, for
perpetual remembrance as the rest of the benefactors of the
same church were commemorated, rendering to the Rector
and his successors on the Feast of All Saints, yearly, for
ever, a pair of gloves upon the high altar of the Church, with
power of entry and distress if the gloves were not rendered
and the obit not kept up. Richard Yarde and Nicholas Ayssh-
forde ratified the gift 24 June 1536, and the Bishop, for himself
and his successors ratified and confirmed it on the same day.

This was 370 years ago. Thurlestone has changed as
have other places, but the land and the house built upon it

Devon Notes and Queries. 183

(which is still occupied as the founders intended),
remain, the gloves are placed upon the altar on All
Hallows' Day yearly, and no doubt the prayers enjoined
still go up for the good estate of the Rector, the Bishop,
the patrons, and the others mentioned.

F. C. HINGESTON-RANDOLPH.

I.

Endorsed "The Glibe Lande of Thurellston." [16 June.
24 June 1536.]

Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego, Ricardus Worthe, clericus,
Rector Ecclesie parochialis de Thorlestone in Comitatu Devonie,
assensu et consensu venerabilium virorum Ricardi Yarde et Nicholai
Aysshforde, armigerorum, et ejusdem Ecclesie verorum patronorum,
ac Reverendi in Christo patris Johannis, permissione Divina Exoniensis
Episcopi, et loci illius Ordinarii, Dedi, concessi, et hac presenti carta
mea indentata confirmavi Davidi Stephyne, Roberto Cornysshe, Johanni
Rogger, et Johanni Birdewode unam peciam terre glebe, sive sanctuarii,
Rectorie mee de Thorlestone predicta, continentem in se in longitudine
sexaginta et sex pedes, et in latitudine viginti et quatuor pedes, jacentem
ibidem inter tenementum in quo Johannes Yeomane modo inhabitat,
ex parte orientali, et terram mei, predicti Ricardi Worthe, pertinentem
Rectorie mee predicte, ex partibus australi et occidentali, et viam
Regiam ex parte boriali ; Habendum et tenendum predictam peciam
terre prefatis Davidi, Roberto, Johanni, et Johanni, heredibus et
assignatis suis, imperpetuum, ad tantummodo usum et proficiuum
ipsorum Davidis, Roberti, Johannis, et Johannis, heredum et assigna-
torum suorum, sub ea intencione ut quandam Domum super predicta
pecia terre, pro aisiamento, commodo, et utilitate omnium parochia-
norum parochie predicte, De novo edificant (sic) seu edificari faciant.
Dedi eciam et concessi licenciam eisdem Davidi, Roberto, Johanni,
et Johanni, heredibus et assignatis suis, ad ponendum scalas suas et
lapides, ac omnimoda alia res, implementa, et utensilia sua necessaria,
tarn de et pro edificacione et construccione predicte Domus quam de
et pro reparacione, manutencione, et sustentacione ejusdem, super
terram meam ibidem eidem pecie terre proximo adjacentem, tociens
quociens opus fuerit, imperpetuum, absque contradiccione aut impedi-
mento mei, predicti Ricardi Worthe, aut successorum meorum. Et
predicti David, Robertus, Johannes, et Johannes, heredes et assignati
sui, in consideracione Doni et licencie predictorum, imperpetuum
tenebunt et custodiant (sfc) seu teneri et custodiri faciant (sic) in
Ecclesia parochiali predicta, annuatim, semel in anno, quendam
anniversarium sive obitum, cum uno presbitero, ad orandum pro bono
statu mei, predicti Ricardi Worthe, ac predictorum Episcopi, Ricardi
Yarde, et Nicholai, dum in hac vita existimus, Et pro animabus nostris,
heredum, successorum, parentum, amicorum, et benefactorum nos
trorum, cum ab hac luce transivimus ; et nomina nostra in le bedrolle-
ejusdem Ecclesie irrotulanda, et ibidem imperpetuum memoranda,

184 Devon Notes and Queries.

sicut ceteri benefactores ejusdem Ecclesie ibidem memorantur. Tenen-
dum de capitalibus Dominis feodi illius per redditus et servicia inde
prius Debita et De jure consueta ; Reddendo inde annuatim michi,
prefato Ricardo Worthe, et Successoribus meis, unum par ciroticarum
(sic), ad ffestum Omnium Sanctorum annuatim, super summo Altare
dicte Ecclesie imperpetuum solvenduin et presentandum. Et si con-
tingat predictum redditum unius paris ciroticarum (sfc) aretro fore ad
aliquod tempus post predictum ffestum Omnium Sanctorum, aut si
predictus obitus fuerit substractus (sic), contra formam hujus scripti,
quod tune bene licebit michi, prefato Ricardo Worthe, et Successoribus
meis, in predictam peciam terre, necnon in predictam Domum, cum
sic super eadem imposterum constructa fuerit, intrare et Distringere,
et Districciones ibidem sic captas asportare et importare, et penes nos
retinere, quousque de predicto redditu, sic aretro existente, plenarie
f uerimus soluti et satisfacti, Ac quousque obitus predictus sic substractus
{sic) fuerit sub forma superscripta tentus et custoditus. Et ego, pre-
dictus Ricardus Worthe, et Successores mei, predictam peciam terre
prefatis Davidi, Roberto, Johanni, et Johanni, heredibus et assignatis
suis, contra omnes gentes Warantizabimus et defendemus imperpetuum
per presentes. Insuper constitui et in loco meo posui dilectos michi
in Christo Johannem Pyldisshe et Robertum Tabbe meos veros et
legittimos attornatos ad intrandum pro me, et nomine meo, in pre-
dictam peciam terre, Ac inde, vice et nomine meo, plenam et pacificam
possessionem et seisinam capiendum, Seisinaque, possessione videlicet,
vice et nomine meo sic inde capta, prefatis Davidi, Roberto, Johanni,
et Johanni, secundum vim formam et effectum hujus presentis carte
mee indentate inde eis confecte, deliberandum. In cujus rei testi-
monium tarn ego, predictus Ricardus Worthe, quam predicti David,
Robertus, Johannes, et Johannes hiis indenturis Sigilla nostra alternatim
apposuimus. Data sextodecimo die Junii, Anno regni Regis Henrici
octavi vicesimo octavo [1536.] Et nos, vero, predicti Ricardus Yarde
et Nicholaus, ejusdem Ecclesie et Rectorie veri patroni, presens
scriptum ac omnia in eo contenta prefatis Davidi, Roberto, Johanni,
et Johanni, heredibus el assignatis suis, secundum formam et effectum
ejusdem scripti, approbamus, ratificamus, et, quantum in hac parte ad
nos attinet, pro nobis et heredibus nostris imperpetuum confirmamus
per presentes. In cujus rei testimonium presentibus Sigilla nostra
apposuimus. Data vicesimo quarto die Junii, Anno vicesimo octavo
supradicto. Et nos, vero, similiter, predictus Johannes, permissione
Divina Exoniensis Episcopus, Ac loci supradicti Ordinarius, presens
scriptum et omnia in eo contenta prefatis Davidi, Roberto, Johanni,
et Johanni, heredibus et assignatis suis, secundum formam et effectum
ejusdem scripti, approbamus, ratificamus, et, quantum in hac parte ad
nos attinet, pro nobis et Successoribus nostris imperpetuum con-
firmamus per presentes. In cujus rei testimonium Sigillum nostrum
presentibus apponi fecimus. Data dicto vicesimo quarto die Junii,
Anno vicesimo octavo supradicto.

[The four seals have been removed, only a fragment and some
traces of red wax remaining.]

Devon Notes and Queries:

a Quarterly Journal devoted to the
LOCAL HISTORY BIOGRAPHY and
ANTIQUITIES of the County of
Devon edited by P F S AMERY
JOHN S AMERY and J BROOKING
ROWE FSA

Volume IV — Part VI — April 1907

CONTENTS.

PAGE

North Bovey Church Bell . . . . r86

Thomas Westcote in North Devon . . 187

John Van Eyck . . . . . 188

Branscombe Heraldry .. ., 189

St. Sidwell and Exeter . . . . 190

Webber .. .. .. ..191

Anstis and Colyton . . . . 191

Devon and Lambeth Palace Library. . 192

William Bradridge . . . . 192

Heraldry at Ottery. . . . . . 192

Fragment of Monumental Brass found
at Luppit

Halley Arms and Pedigree
Tympanum at Bondleigh
Songs of the West
Henry Grove

Joseph Chapman's Memorial Inscrip-
tion in Colyton Church

Wyte, Bellfounder, Kingsbridge
Rashleigh of Devon
Episcopal Registers
Colyton Register Entries . ,

193
194
197
197
198

198

200

201
216
2l6

APPENDIX
AN OLD EXETER MANUSCRIPT, 1384.

JAMES G

Hi
EXETER

230 High Street

S NOTICE.

The Editors desire to express their thanks to Contributors
to DEVON NOTES AND QUERIES, and to all who have assisted
in the work connected with the Magazine. It is hoped that
the interest in the publication will continue, both on the part
of writers and subscribers; With the Editors the labour is purely
one of love. No gain except the success of DEVON NOTES AND
QUERIES accrues to them, and they can,( therefore, appeal moire
strongly for a continuance of the support hitherto afforded them.
For the forthcoming volume many interesting communications
have been promised.

We hope shortly to print the Devon Chantry Rolls, which
Mr. H. Michell Whit ley has been good enough to transcribe for
us from the originals at the Record Office, and which will be
annotated by the Editors.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION are six SHILLINGS and six PENCE per
annum post free; an ILLUSTRATED PROSPECTUS will be sent to
any address at the request of a subscriber. Their interest in this
direction is solicited in order that the usefulness of the, Magazine
may be extended.

Subscriptions for 1907 are now due.

CONTRIBUTIONS, BOOKS FOR REVIEW, and COMMUNICATIONS
should be Sent to the EDITORS, J. BROOKING ROWE, Castle Bar-
bican, Plympton, or to the MESSRS. AMERY, Druid, Ashburton.

BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS should be sent to the PUBLISHER
230, HIGH STREET, EXETER.

Devon Notes and Queries. 185

The second deed is dated 20 March, 1574-5.

Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos hoc presens Scriptum Indentatum
pervenerit Willelmus Cornishe, de Thurlestone in Comitatu Devonie,
yeomane, filius et heres Willelmi Cornishe, nuper de Thurlestone
predicta, filii et heredis Rob^rti Cornishe, nuper de Thurlestone pre-
djcta, Salutem in Domino sempiternam.

The first deed of 16 June, 28 Hen. VIII., is then
recited, and it is stated that Robert Cornish survived his
brother co-feoffees, and that for divers causes and considera-
tions William Cornishe (who was the grandson of Robert
Cornishe, who was the son of William Cornish, the son
and heir of Robert, the party to the original deed) gave —

Willelmo Stephene, Roberto Marwood, Roberto Cornishe, Andree
Rogers, Thome Cornisne, Andree Phillips, Johanni Harris, et Andree
Cornishe omnia ilia premissa in Indentura predicta concessa, ac omnia
domos et edificia super eadem edificata et constructa, cum omnibus
et singulis suis commoditatibus. proficuis esiamentis, et pertinenciis
universis : Habendum et tenendum omnia et singula premissa superms
specificata et concessa prefatis —

viz., the said William Stephene and the others [upon the
trusts] as in the original deed more fully appeared. Then
follows the usual warranty clause, which is as in the first
deed, and the appointment of Robert Squere and John
Shepperde to act as the attorneys of William Cornishe to
give possession of the premises.

In cujus rei Testimonium presentibus ego, predictus Willelmus
Cornishe, Sigillum meum apposui. Data xx die Marcii, Anno regni
Domine nostre Elizabeth, Dei Gracia Anglie Frauncie et Hibernie
regine. fidei Defensoris, &c., decimo septimo.

Sealed and delivered in the presence of these here under written —
Johan Phillips, Johan Tomane, Robart Squ[e]re, Johan Pyldyche,
Johan Shepparde, &c.

Teste Johanne Phyllypps.

The third deed is dated 28 October 1616. All the trustees
appointed by the last deed, except Andrew Phillips and
Andrew Cornishe, had died, and these survivors (described
as yeomen) now conveyed the premises " Willelmo
Stephene, generoso ; Nicholao Dottinge, juniori, generoso ;
Thome Cornishe ; Andree Rogers, filio Roberti Rogers ;
et Johanni Randle," to be held on the same trusts. Thomas
Stephen, gentleman, and Phillip Cornishe were constituted
attorneys.

In cujus rei testimonium presentibus nos vero predicti Andreas
Phillips et Andreas Cornishe sigilla nostra apposuimus. Data vicesimo
octavo die Octobris Anno regni Domini nostri Jacobi, Dei gracia

P

1 86 Devon Notes and Queries.

Anglic, Francie, et Hibernie Regis, fidei defensoris, &c., decimo quarto,
et Scotie quinquagesimo.

Sealed and delyvered in the presence of these subscrybede —
Nicholas Doling. Thomas Stephene.

John Sture. Signum Johannis Shypperde.

Signum Nicholai Pearce.
Teste Nicholao Gylbarde

de Menhenyott.

There is also an endorsement of delivery of seisin.

The eighteenth daie of Maie 1617.

Possessione and Seisine of the premisses within written was hadd
and taken by the Attorneyes within named the daie and yeare above
written, and by them delivered over, according to the effect, purport,
and true meaninge of the within written Indenture.
In the presence of us (viz.) —

by me Andrew Rogers, senior,
the sine of John Row.
the sine of Thomas Dugens.
the sine of Nicholas Perse,
the sine of Thomas Liddestone.

ioo. NORTH BOVEY CHURCH BELL. — In the year 1500,
when Sir William Butler was rector of the parish church of
North Bovey, and William Tapper and John Smyth were
churchwardens, the parishioners determined to purchase a
bell for the church from a bellfounder of Exeter of the name
of Robert Russell for the sum of £21, to be paid on certain
days, and they persuaded the above-mentioned church-
wardens to become personally bound in the sum of 40 marks
for the full performance of the contract, whereupon legal
proceedings ensued, which are still recorded in the early
Chancery proceedings in the Public Record Office,
Bundle 170, No. 25.

My attention having been called to this matter by
Mrs. Rose Troup, of Ottery St. Mary, I procured a copy
of the entry in question, which (modernised) runs thus : —

To the most reverent Father in God the Archbishop of Canterbury

and Chancellor of England.

Meekly beseecheth your good and gracious lordship your poor
orators William Tapper and John Smyth late Wardens of the parish
Church of North Bovy in the County of Devonshire and the poor
parishioners of the same parish. That where the said William and
Thomas in the name of the said parishioners covenanted and bought
of one Robert Russell of Exeter Bellfounder a bell for the parish
church aforesaid for £21 sterling to be paid at certain days between
them agreed for surety of which payment the said William and John

Devon Notes and Queries. 187

at the request of the said parishioners were bound in an obligation
of 40 marks the which said £21 is and hath been of long time past truly
contented by the said parishioners except 173 which the said parish-
ioners have offered hym to pay with that they may have the said
6bligation out of 'his hands albeit our gracious lord that the said
Robert Russell knowing that the said William and John Smyth nor
none of the parishioners aforesaid hath none acquaintance of
such money as to him by them hath been paid of great malice
and evil will that he hath to the said William Tapper one of your
suppliants hath commenced an action of debt upon the said obli-
gation of 40 marks against your said Orators and is likely to recover
the said 40 marks for as much as they cannot deny it but for their
deed and hath no acquaintance of non-payment thereof as is afore-
said contrary to conscience and the utter undoing of your said Orators
unless your good Lordship be favourably showed to them in this
behalf wherefore please it your said good Lordship the premises considered
to grant a writ sub-pcena to be directed unto the said Robert Russell
commanding him by the same to appear before the King in his Chancery
at a certain day and under a certain pain by your Lordship limited
there to answer to the premises as right and conscience shall require
and thus at the reverence of God and in the way of charity.

pleg de po. NICHUS SNOWE de London gentleman.
JOHEO WEVER de eadem, yeoman.

[Endorsed.]

Coram dne Rege in Cancellar sua in quindena sci Hillarij px futur.

The gentleman who supplied me with the extract above
given writes : " I am sorry that the details of the law suit
are not obtainable. I have made every possible enquiry,
but the case was unfortunately dealt with a few years prior
to when records of law suits were made." So we do not
know how the North Bovey churchwardens fared, and some
of us will be glad to know whether the bell in dispute still
sounds out over valley and hill on high days and holy days,
or perchance is sometimes subdued to the funeral knell.*

W. H. THORNTON.

101. THOMAS WESTCOTE IN NORTH DEVON. — Anything
and everything connected with our Devonshire historian
will, I think, always be of interest to Devonshire folk, for
of his life we know but little, so no doubt it will be of interest
to record that for the first two or three years after his
marriage he probably resided in North Devon at Combe-
martin, and that his two eldest, if not his other, children

* All the bells now in the tower of North Bovey Church have been
re-cast from ancient bells. In 1813 the peal of four was converted into
one of six. — EDS.

1 88 Devon Notes and Queries.

were baptized there. In a note to Westcote's View of
Devonshire, it is stated that the early registers of Combe-
martin are utterly lost, and no mention whatever occurs of
the Roberts' family (p. 6), but there are, happily, still in
existence some of the transcripts of these lost registers, and
from them can be recovered some entries relating to West-
cote, the historian, and his wife, who was Mary, eldest
daughter and co-heiress of Richard Roberts, Esq., of
Combemartin. The first volume of these transcripts of lost
registers will shortly be available for the public through the
untiring labours of Mr. W. E. Mugford, of Exeter, but it
will only include parishes beginning with letters A and B ;
but looking through the transcripts of the last registers of
Combemartin, which have been for the last three years in
my possession with several other North Devon ones, I
noticed that in them are recorded the baptism of West-
cote's two eldest children, though, unfortunately, not his
marriage, though they contain the entry of the marriage of
Mrs. Westcote's sister, Jane Roberts, to William Squier, of
Town House, South Molton, on Apr. nth, 1608.

The entries relating to Thomas Westcote, the historian,
are as follows : —

Baptisms.

Phyllip, son of Thomas Wesscote, baptized Sep-
tember 29th, 1607.

Fraunces, daughter of Thomas Westcote, baptized
September 4th, 1608.

The transcripts of 1602 to 1606 are missing, and they
would probably contain the entry of his marriage ; and after
1608 to 1621 the only transcripts are those of part of 1609,
1610, and part of 1611, none of which contain any Westcote
entries, so all we can say with certainty is that Mrs. West-
cote was at Combemartin during 1607 and 1608, which were
probably the first two years after her marriage, part of which
time, if not all, Westcote must have been living there also ;
but at present we have nothing further to shew how long
after 1608 the Westcotes resided at Combemartin.

J. FREDERICK CHANTER.

102. JOHN VAN EYCK. — I am preparing for publication
an account of the Van Eycks, the fathers of painting in

Monument in Branscombe Church.

Devon Notes and Queries. 189

Europe. It would appear from chronicles that John
Van Eyck was on one of the ships in the squadron sent
to Lisbon by Philip, Duke of Burgundy, in 1428 ; but the
squadron broke up, some of the ships went into Falmouth,
and some came by Caesar's Camp, near Land's End. The
Portuguese account of the mission also speaks of the fact,
and Caisart's Camp is spelt in exactly the same way as
here in both accounts. I append an extract from the MS.
Mr. Weale, the author of the book, is unable to identify
the place. I wonder if any reader of Devon Notes and Queries
can assist ?

Et partirent les V naves que cidonc avoit et les dites deux galees
du port de Ribedieu le dit XXVe jour, et ensemble navigerent par la
mer d'Espaigne jusques au XXVIII d'ecelluy mois, que, bien avant en
la nuit, les pilez par erreur laisserent le chemin des naves et vindrent
prez du camp de Caisart a la pointe d'Angleterre.

Narrative of the journey of the ambassadors sent to Lisbon by
Philip, Duke of Burgundy, 1428. JOHN LANE.

103. BRANSCOMBE HERALDRY (IV., par. 59, pp. 99-106.) —
Senex gives a full and accurate description of this heraldry
(except the omission twice on p. 102 of " head " ; as a stag
cabossed is nonsense), and of the Kelloway family whose
paternal coat has the "pears gules garnished or," i.e., proper.
(I give a conjecture that the charges called " glaziers irons "
may possibly be a canting one for keels of ships). The
chief difficulty is the second and third quarters, Tre-
thurffe and Tregarthin of the "Baron"; Trethurffe was
extinct temp. Elizabeth, and no heiress is known to
have married a Kelloway, yet it may have happened.
No marriage of Tregarthin with Trethurffe seems to be
known, which the marshalling might prove, yet it may
have happened ; and no marriage of a Tregarthin heiress,
previous to this one, with a Kelloway seems to be known ; so
according to our lights it is bad heraldry, which the second
paragraph on p. 103 does not help tcr mend. It is rather
conclusive that there were no such marriages, seeing that no-
where in the heraldry are Trethurffe and Tregarthin coupled
together in the quarterings except here. Supposing the shield
to be that of John Kelloway's son, if he had one, he would be
entitled to all Joan Tregarthin's quarterings ; but there is no
Trethurffe amongst them, so it could not be a question of pick

1 90 Devon Notes and Queries.

and choose, and worse heraldry still if the son impaled his
mother's coat. Mr. W. H. Hamilton Rogers in his Memorials of
the West, p. 153, gives the inscription on the Monument, which
says that " John Kelleway had by her much issue " ; can
anybody give the list of them ? Future records may prove
something for or against this heraldry, so it has been of great
service to the cause that Senex has brought the matter
prominently forward, F.W.

104. ST. SIDWELL AND EXETER. — In Volume X. of the
Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society is an interest-
ing article by Dr. M. R. James on " St. Ureth or Hierytha
of Chittlehampton." He has found her story in a Latin
poem of the fifteenth century at Trinity College. This
virgin martyr had a wicked stepmother, who bribed the
haymakers to kill her. A fountain sprang up where she
fell, and the murderers did not escape vengeance. Dr. James
goes on to say that this story is extraordinarily similar to
the legend of St. Sidwell, who also had a wicked stepmother,
was killed by a haymaker, and for her a fountain sprang up
on the site of the martyrdom. The " general complexion " of
the legend is thoroughly mythical, and there were probably
"parallels in Celtic hagiology."

The name of the Exeter saint in the form Sativola appears
in a list* of relics given to the monastery at Exeter by
Athelstan. And the Church of St. Sidwell was given to
the Cathedral on its foundation by Leofric.

At Exeter there is not only the Church of St. Sidwell,
but a little to the east of it is Sidwell's well, which is,
doubtless, the site of her supposed martyrdom, which, we
are told, was outside the walls of Exeter. In one of the
two coloured views of the city made in the time of Bishop
Babington (1595-9) the well is shown to have been protected
by a building erected over it.

This important holy well must be the starting point for
the association with Exeter of the well saint or fairy whose
name is represented by Sativola. At Laneast in Cornwall,
the church, Oliver says, is dedicated in the names of
St. Sativola and her sister St. Welvela. I felt that such

* Oliver and Freeman accept it as authentic.

Devon Notes and Queries. igi

a dedication required a well to justify it, and on referring
to a description of the parish, I find that the well of these
saints is one of the most famous in the county. It follows
that there should also be a holy well at Chittlehampton or
at Stowford, the supposed birthplace of St. Urith. Is any
such spring known?

Where is the Sweartan-w7/£ or Swearta fontem mentioned
in Leof ric's grant directly after Stowford ?

St. Sidwell is represented in the glass of the east window
of the Cathedral, together with a scythe and a well. These
form a rebus on her name, Oliver says, but if the story of
her martyrdom is primitive, it would appear that the form
Sidwell is rather derived from the instruments of martyrdom.
Already in the document chronicling Athelstan's gift of
relics, the saint is said to have been killed by her father's
servants. W. R. LETHABY.

105. WEBBER. — The earliest mention that I can find in
Devonshire of the name " Webber " is that of " Henry
Webber, Dean of Exeter, 1476," whose gravestone and
memorial are in the Cathedral at Exeter. This is also the
earliest mention I have found anywhere.

In the Rev. J. Ingram's translation (1823) of the Saxon
Chronicle, I find the following : — " A.D. 690. . . . Then
there were two kings in Kent, Wihtred and Webherd." In
the index to this work one reads : " Waeheard, Webber, etc.,"
Waeheard (Paebheand) being the Saxon for Webherd.

Can any reader of Devon Notes and Queries tell me of a
Webber earlier than 1476, and did the Rev. J. Ingram
imply that Webherd is the same as Webber, and if so,
why ? What is known of the Webbers who occupied Stone
Barton in Chulmleigh for four or more generations ?

RICHARD WEBBER, junr., New York.

106. ANSTIS AND COLYTON. — It is generally known that
John Anstis, Garter King of Arms, left in MS. " Collec-
tions relative to the parish of Coliton in Devonshire." This
was written in reference to the tithes, and owing to a dis-
pute which his son, the Revd. George Anstis, the vicar, had
with the parishioners. The matter came before the Court
of Exchequer in 1742. The late Dr. Ducarel possessed it.
(Noble's History of the College of Arms.} J.H.R.

192 Devon Notes and Queries.

107. DEVON AND LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. — Although
the records here chiefly relate to Canterbury Diocese, there
are several parishes in the West of England which are in-
cluded either in the Commonwealth Surveys of Devon or
in those of the important series of MSS. in this rare collec-
tion and called " Notitia Parochialis" The returns of parishes
taken in 1705, in six volumes, form a valuable aid to local
history as to the state of ecclesiastical property at that date,
when Queen Anne's Bounty Act was about to be estab-
lished. Some of the returns are very full, giving minute
details of income, boundaries and like matters. Among
other places in Cornwall (once in Exeter Diocese) may be
noted the following : St. Cleather, Gwinnear, Lamerton,
Maker, Phillack, Probius, Redruth, St. Just and Sancreed ;
while there are some, though not so many, in the county
of Devon. The Lambeth wills that range in date from
1312-1636, contain a few of Devon families, several Canons,
and some of the Bishops of Exeter; also that of Edward
Courtenay, Earl of Devon (1419). An excellent printed index
to the Lambeth wills appeared in the Genealogist for 1883.
Access to these and other documents are generally free on
open library days (Saturdays excepted). It may also be
stated that there is a good collection of modern reference
works on ecclesiastical history and topography.

S. W. KERSHAW, F.S.A.

108. WILLIAM BRADRIDGE. — Can any reader of Devon
Notes and Queries tell me how many children William Brad-
bridge or Bradridge, Bishop of Exeter (1571-8) had ?

C.K.B.

109. HERALDRY AT OTTERY. — I have received information
and a sketch of a shield in the house of Mr. Rennell Coleridge
at Ottery, on a chimney piece ; it is very much worn, and not
tinctured ; it reads, quarterly i and 4, " . . . a chevron . . .
between three mullets . . . within a bordure . . . charged with
sixteen roundles ..." 2 and 3, " . . . three chevrons ..." I
thought possibly the bordure might indicate a branch of some
old family ; therefore if any correspondent could give a list of
any of the families who may have resided in the house or its
vicinity, or could verify the arms, it would be helping the
cause of heraldry. F.W.

Devon Notes and Queries. 193

no. FRAGMENT OF MONUMENTAL BRASS FOUND AT
LUPPIT. — When visiting Luppit Church last autumn, the
Vicar (the Revd. W. T. Perrott) shewed me the fragment
of a brass that was found some little time ago in a hedge
bank near the church, of which he kindly allowed me to
take a rubbing.

The metal, which is irregularly broken, measures
14 inches by iij, and shews the upper part of a female
figure in the costume of the i5th century. The head and
shoulders are gone, the hands clasped in prayer against the
waist of the dress, round which is fastened a knotted girdle.
A cloak thrown over the shoulders is ornamented -with two
shields of arms. On the dexter side appear the " six
mullets " of Bonville ; on the sinister the shield is quarterly,
shewing a "fess between 3 crescents" quartering Bonville.
In Carew's Scroll of Arms (No. 633) I find "gules between
a fess argent 3 crescents argent" with the name Holeways,
Holways, also written Holway. This coat is quoted as
being quartered by Gary of Clovelly. Is this the same
family of Holway which bears the more familiar coat of
" two swords in saltire point downwards" not unfrequently
met with in our country churches ?

Coloured enamel has been let into the brass for the fields
of the coats of arms, the cuffs, and part of the lining of the
robe. Owing to the rough places where this has perished, the
shields have been somewhat difficult to rub satisfactorily.

In turning the brass over a remarkable fact becomes
apparent : it has been made from a piece of metal which
originally formed part of a larger brass. On the reverse
we have one side of a cloak and the hands of another female
figure in a costume of the same date ; only a small part of
the dress is visible, the wrought portion being about three-
quarters of the width of the whole figure. The edges of
the cuffs and cloak are decorated with a zig-zag pattern,
and across the costume is a decoration of fleur-de-lys that
does not look as if it formed any part of armorial bearings.
The peg which has fastened down what may for distinction
be called the " Bonville " brass, juts out in the centre of
this reverse side, again marring the rubbing. The cutting
of one brass on the back of another is very curious, one
wonders when and why it was done. Were any brasses

194 Devon Notes and Queries .

cut in England ? (My impression that they are Flemish
work may be erroneous.) If so, have we here got hold of
a "home-made" West-country brass cut upon a piece of
metal which happened to be handy ? Was the larger brass
spoilt in cutting and the metal used again on the other side ?
Or was the memorial of somebody else ruthlessly torn up
to furnish material for the Bonville brass ? The history of
all monumental memorials inclines me to the last opinion.*

Evidently the lady commemorated was a Bonville lady
who married into the Holway family. The Bonvilles held
manors in the neighbouring parishes of Shute, Stockland
and Combe Raleigh during the i5th century; of the con-
nection of the family of Holway with Luppit I can find no
record, but some better informed reader may be able to
throw some light upon the identity of the lady of the brass.
On the north side of the chancel in Luppit Church is a low
ogee sepulchral arch conjectured by Mr. W. H. Hamilton
Rogers to have been the tomb of Sir John Carew, of Ottery
Mohun, who died in the I4th century. May it not have
been the tomb to which this brass originally belonged ?

BEATRIX F. CRESSWELL.

in. HALLEY ARMS AND PEDIGREE (IV., par. 47; p. 87,
par. 70, p. 123 ; par. 82, p. 140). — The following memoranda
are submitted in the belief that they will constitute the first
printed pedigree of Dr. E. Halley (1656-1742), closely related
to the Hawleys, of Devonshire, and may serve to determine
the existence of his living descendants :

Gairdner's Papers of Henry VIII.'s Reign, vol. 7, page 346,
et passim, mentions : — " 1534, Thomas Halley, Carlisle Herald,
Norrey King-at-Arms ; therefore, he probably bore a coat of
arms. Doubtless, he saw to his own bearings which later
are named Hawley." This item served to confirm my belief
that the puzzle regarding Dr. Edmond Halley's coat armorial
will eventually be solved by a search in the British Museum
and elsewhere under the surname Hawley.

The earliest ancestor of Dr. E. Halley, of whom informa-
tion has been received, is his paternal grandfather, Humphrey
Halley, No. i, whose will (P. C. C. Register Eure, 1674)
describes him as Humphrey Halley, the elder, formerly of

* There are palimpsest brasses at Braunton and Yealmpton. — EDS.

Devon Notts and Queries. 195

the City of London, vintner, now of Alconbury, in the county
of Huntingdon. He mentions sons William and Humphrey,
and daughter Elizabeth Cawthorne, widow, who is sole
executrix. In a codicil he names son Edmond. This will
gives the names of places in London, where the family's real
estate was located.

Will of William Halley (P.C.C., Register Dycer, folio
146), describes testator as of the City of Peterborough.
Bequeaths to son, Francis Halley, brick-built houses in
Fanchurch Street, London. Mentions wife, Ann Halley, and
his brothers, Humphrey and Edmund Halley. Dated
January 30, 1673; proved March 6, 1675.

Will of Humfrey Halley, No. 2 (P.C.C., Register Bence,
folio 66), of London, gent. Among numerous other bequests
are : " to two kinsmen, Edmund Halley and Humfrey Halley,
£100 a piece. To kinswoman Catherine Cawthorne, £60.
To kinswoman Ann Cawthorne, £100. To kinsman
Humfrey Cawthorne, ^"50. Residue to ' loving and well
beloved brother Edmund Halley, Citizen and Salter of
London.' " Will does not mention testator's wife or children ;
perhaps he was a single man or a widower without issue.
Possibly he was identical with the Humfrey Hally or Hawley,
of London, who married Katherin Mewce (fl. 1625), for the
testator describes himself as " very aged." (Feb. 23, 1674-75.)

Administration of the estate of his brother Edmund
Halley, No. i, soap-boiler, was granted P.C.C., 3oth June,
1684, to Sir John Buckworth and Richard Young " in
usum et beneficium Joannae Halley (second wife) relictaB
dicti defuncti et Edmundi Halley, filii dicti defuncti."
Edmund Halley, No. i, died early in April, 1684.

P.C.C., Admon. Act Book, 1684, shows grant of adminis-
tration of personal goods of Humfrey Halley (No. 3), lately
deceased in the parts beyond the seas or on the high seas.
Grant made April 10, 1684, to the brother Edmund Halley
(the astronomer), which thus clearly disproves once for all,
the assertion that Dr. Edmond Halley was the only child
of his father, the soap-boiler.

Will of Dr. Edmond Halley (P.C.C., Register Trenley,
folio 53) mentions his son, Edmund Halley, surgeon, R.N.,
also two daughters, Margaret Halley and Katherine, then
wife to Henry Price. Will dated 1736.

196 Devon Notes and Queries.

Margaret Halley, spinster, born about 1688; died i3th
October, 1743, O.S., in the fifty-fifth year of her age.
Administration of her personal goods was granted in that
year to her natural and lawful sister, Catherine Price, as
next of kin.

Katherine Halley was born about 1688. Her will, as
of the parish of St. Mary, Woolnoth, London (P.C.C.,
Register Rushworth, folio 423), mentions no children or near
relations except " my cousin, Ralph Smith." Dated July
8th, 1764; proved Nov. i4th, 1765.

Edmund Halley, surgeon, R.N., by his will, dated
8th Nov., 1739, gave his entire estate to his wife, Sybilla
Halley. Will proved I2th Feb., 1740-41. P.C.C. Register
Spurway, folio 39.)

Henry Price, husband of Catherine Halley, made her will
as of St. Andrew's, Holborn, dated 3ist May, 1775 ; proved
28th Jan., 1764 (P.C.C. 25, Simpson). He made his wife
sole heir.

Sybilla Halley made her will as of the parish of East
Greenwich, Kent, widow. Gives bequests to two grand-
daughters, Catherine Parry and Sarah Parry (latter then
under age). Will dated May ist, 1771 ; proved Nov. I3th,
1772. In the parish records of East Greenwich is the
entry of burial of Sybilla Halley, 1772, surgeon's widow.
This last will proves that Dr. Edmond Halley had
one granddaughter; why not twu? There should be
a record of the birth of the daughter or daughters of
Surgeon Halley and Sybilla Halley his wife, perhaps at
Greenwich, circa 1720-1735.

Dr. E. Halley 's younger daughter, Katherine, or Catherine,
was twice married ; first, to Richard Butler, of St. Martin's-
le-Grand, widower, Oct. 2, 1721 ; secondly, Henry Price, but
seems to have died without issue by either marriage.

Among the witnesses to will of Humfrey Halley, No. 2
was Thomas Mewce, which lends colour to the supposed
relationship between the Halley and Mewce families of
London.

P.S. — Commenting further upon Sybilla Halley's will,
Mr. R. J. Beevor says : " We know from the will of
Sybilla Halley that the astronomer had a granddaughter,
and there is but little ground for concluding that he had

Devon Notes and Queries. 197

but one. Sybilla Halley's will reads like that of a person
in no very affluent circumstances. Her two daughters, we
may suppose, both predeceased her. The granddaughters
who lived with her at Greenwich had the first claim on her.
The children of her other daughter were able to support
themselves, or had migrated to Scotland, Ireland, or even
across the seas. Why, except to oblige the genealogists of
the next century, should they be mentioned in her will ?

MS. 1 80, penes Society of Antiquaries, is said to relate to
the parish of East Greenwich. EUGENE F. McPiKE.

112. TYMPANUM AT BONDLEIGH. — In the accompanying
illustration of an early Norman carved stone 'tympanum
over the internal doorway of the south porch of Bondleigh
parish church, may be descried two birds, presumably doves
(though one more resembles a parrot), standing one on each
side of the Agnus Dei enclosed in the circle of Eternity.

I remember seeing somewhere a drawing of two doves
perched on the rim of a bowl or tazza explained as typifying
the Holy Ghost and the human soul ; but Miss Clarke, in
her very interesting article on the symbolism of certain
early Christian sculptures, tells us that " when the dove
represents the soul it is always flying, never stationary."
An interpretation by Miss Clarke of the above two instances
of pairs of doves, and also of the curious zoomorphs on the
A.S. font at Dolton depicted and descanted on in the
Reliquary, vol. viij., w.s., 1902, pp. 243-256, would be welcome.

One of the latter is described as the head and neck of
a man with dragonesque creatures issuing from his nostrils,
and is said to be identical in design with a carving in the
Schlosskirche at Quedlinburg in the Hartz Mountains.

ETHEL LEGA-WEEKES.

113. SONGS OF THE WEST (IV., pp. 56, par. 25;
p. 127, par. 76; p. 151, par. 91.) — I do not think a North
Devon child would have said " She'd tore it abroad " ;
'er being a favourite pronoun. In this part of N. Devon
"brok" and " brokt " are both used, also "abrok" and
" abrokt," as " 'er's abrok'n," " 'er's atord 'n abroad,"
"'er's a brokt un," "'er's a bin an' brok'un," " 'er's
abrokt ut." It seems that the ' t ' is often omitted when
the past participle is not followed by a voweL H.S.

198 Devon Notes and Queries.

114. HENRY GROVE, 1684-1738. — Of Henry Grove, the
dissenting tutor, the Dictionary of National Biography says : —
" His grandfather was the ejected Vicar of Pinhoe, Devon-
shire, whose son, a Taunton upholsterer, married a sister
of John Rowe, ejected from a lectureship at Westminster
Abbey. Henry was the youngest of fourteen children, most
of whom died early." Surely this is an unsatisfactory state-
ment concerning Grove's ancestry. It gives no names and
no dates. Will some correspondent amplify this scanty
description of a famous Devonian's forbears? J.H.R.

115. JOSEPH CHAPMAN'S MEMORIAL INSCRIPTION IN
COLYTON CHURCH. — On the wall of the south aisle of the
chancel of Colyton Church is a stone tablet with the following
inscription : —

MEMORIAE SACRUM.

Viri moribus admodum imbuti et inter acutioris
literaturae proceres olim insignis Joseph!

Chapman generosi Cornubiensis et

Artium Magister qui tarn cum generis

planctu quam amicorum singulti plurimo

tantillus adhuc annis a terrenis hisce

nexibus expeditus spiritum ccelis

famam saeculis et exuvias hie alieno

reliquit solo mense.

Ita inlerioris observantiae et amoris
ergo posuit ejus maxime dilectus
licet minime dignus quondam pupillus
Gulielmus Walrond de Bradfield
armiger qui sopitos debitis dudum
nee immerito sparsit tandim cineres
lachrymalis mense July 8th, 1663.

There are two shields of arms, the one at the top bearing :
or, on a chevron gules three trefoils slipped of the field, for
Chapman ; and the one at the bottom : argent, three bulls'
heads caboshed sable, for Walrond.

The following entries copied from the parish registers
of Colyton relate to the above : —

1632. Dorothie Chapman, the daughter of Mr. Joseph
Chapman Clarke, was baptized the xxviii daie of
October.

1634. Marie Chapman, the daughter of Joseph Chapman
Clarke, was baptized the vii daie of August.

Devon Notes and Queries. 199

1636. Joseph Chapman Clarke was buried the xxx dale

of Aprill.

The Visitation of Cornwall, 1620 (Harleian Society) gives
the pedigree of Joseph Chapman.

John Chapman, of Whetstone, Cornwall, married

Thomazine, dau. of Ric. Gilbert, Esq., of North

Petherwyn.
Their son, Edward Chapman, of Liskeard, Cornwall, living

1620, and at this time Mayor of Liskeard, married

Lore, dau. of John Hautkin, of Liskeard.
Their first son, Joseph, aetat 16 in 1620.

THE WILL WITH INVENTORY OF JOSEPH CHAPMAN^
In the Principal Registry of the Bishop of Exeter.
In the name of God Amen. I Joseph Chapman being sicke of
body but perfect in minde and memory thanks be my God the giver
of it doe make and ordain this my last Will and Testament in manner
and forme followinge. First I bequeath my soul to Almighty God my
Creator being assured by faith that for his sonne Christ Jesus sake
my only Saviour and Redeemer he will receive it into his mercy-
And for my body I recommend it to Christian burial wheresoever it
shall please God to call my soul out of it : the .manner of my buriall I
referre to the discretion of my Executor in this my will to be here-
after named. Item for those outward and temporall goods which it
hath pleased the Lord to give me I thus bequeath it. All my lands
wheresoever and howso in Liskerd in the county of Cornwall wherein
my father while he lived heretofore dwelled coming unto me eyther
by descente or queste of my sayd father I give unto my two Daughters
Dorothy and Mary Chapman to be equally divided between them
after the death of my wife whom I will to enjoy the benefit of it
during her life she affording in the meantyme fittinge and competente
maintenance to my said two Daughters And whereas there were certain
legacies given by my f oresaid deceased father to some of my brothers and
sisters amounting in the whole to the sum of twelve score pounds which
legacies my mother yet living hath and doth acknowledge that she
ought to pay them out of her estate and accordingly hath promised
so to do my will and desire is that in case my said mother either
being prevented by death or other ways do not discharge the said
legacies or cause them to be discharged that when they or such part
of them as shall be left undischarged be discharged by my said wife
out of the profits of my aforesaid land and house or by sale of so much
of the land as shall be sufficient to that purpose. All the rest of my
goods and chattels whatsoever I wholly give and bequeath unto Mary
Chapman my dear and loving wife whom I make and ordain the
whole and sole Executrix of this my last Will and Testament. In
witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal April 17 1636.
And that this my Will may be the better observed I do intreat

2OO Devon Notes and Queries.

Mr. Richard Harris my father in law and Humfry Sintal my brother
in law to be the overseers of the same.

Sealed and signed JOSEPH CHAPMAN.

Signed sealed and acknowledged to be the last Will of the said
Joseph Chapman by him the said Joseph — in the presence of us —

JOHN DRAKE.
MATH. DRAKE.

Proved the twentieth day of August 1636 by the Oath of
Mary Chapman widow the Relict the sole Executrix.

A true Inventory of all the goods and chattells of Joseph Chapman,
clerk, deceased, taken and made at Colyton, in the County of
Devon, April 28th, 1636, by William Hooke and Matthew Drake,
clerks, and Thomas Pyne, gent.

£ s. d.

Imprimis his books ... ... ... ... 30 o o

It. beddes and beddings ... ... ... ... 10 o o

It. a Lease of one tenement for three lives in reversion

after one life ... ... ... ... 200 o o

Item in good debtes ... ... ... ... 250 o o

It. in linnen ... ... ... ... ... 10 o o

It. in brasse and brasen vessel .. ... ... 3 10 o

It. his wearing clothes ... .. ... ... 10 o o

It. in pewter ... ... ... ... ... 2 10 o

It. tableboards, chairs, stools, etc. ... ... ... 300

It. chests and trunks and close stools ... ... I 10 o

It. carpets and cushions ... ... ... .. I 6 8

It. timber vessels, barrels, tubbes, etc. ... ... 13 4

It. iron vessel and implements ... ... ... 13 4

Ite. china dishes, glasses, and tin vessels ... .. 10 o

Ite. in small trifles that would not be severally prized ... 68
The whole sum is £524.

The William Walrond, of Bradfield, who erected this
memorial to his former tutor, was born 1610 and died 1669;
he was the eldest son of Henry Walrond, of Bradfield (1584-
1649) by his first wife Penelope, daughter of Humphry
Sydenham, of Dulverton, co. Somerset. William Walrond
entered the Middle Temple i3th October, 1631. He married
Ursula, sister of Humphry Speccott, of Lancelles, co. Corn-
wall; she died May 1698. A. J. P. SKINNER.

116. WYTE, BELLFOUNDER, KINGSBRIDGE. — Can anyone
throw a light on either of the following individuals, whose
marriage is recorded thus at Sancreed, near Penzance ? —
41 William Wyte, a bellfounder of Kingsbredge, and Jane
Dewyne [married at Saltashe] 25 Aug. 1566."

J. HAMBLY ROWE, M.B.

Devon Notes and Queries. 201

117. RASHLEIGH OF DEVON. — The family of Rashleigh
is, says Colonel Vivian in his Visitations of Cornwall, most
probably descended from John Bray, alias Raysshelegh, or
Rashleigh, of Barnstaple, temp. Rich. II., and Mr. Kelland,
in the Western Antiquary (iv., 176) speaks of him as the
first Rashleigh who can be traced. The pedigree, however,
is carried a generation earlier by a deed dated the first
Saturday after Michaelmas, 1390, preserved amongst the
Barnstaple records (Barnstaple Records, by J. R. Chanter
and Thomas Wainwright, ii., 186), by which Matilda, widow
of Robert Raschelegh, granted to John Bray, her younger
son, all her lands, tenements, rents and services in Barne-
stapol and Nyweport episcopi.* Matilda must presumably
have been the daughter and heiress of a Barnstaple property-
owner, and the reason for the mother's gift to her younger
son no doubt was that the elder had on his father's death
inherited the property at Rashleigh, in the parish of Wem-
worthy, from which the family derived their name. The
Christian name of the elder brother does not appear. His
descendants continued to reside at Rashleigh until after
the death of John Rashleigh, who died i4th December, 1503,
whose heiress, Ibota, married Thomas Clotworthy, of Clot-
worthy, and carried the property into that family. At the
Inquisition after the death of this John Rashleigh taken at
Exeter Castle on the i8th November, 1504, before William
Legh, the escheator, and a jury consisting of Richard
Trobrygge, junior, Richard Dour, John Evannys, Walter
Stephyn, William Croker, John Dever, John Whyte, Thomas
Brogton, John Stephyn, Humphry Voysey, Richard Norlegh,
John Sowton, and Edward Richard, the jury found that
being seised of a messuage, 300 acres of land, 100 acres of
furze and heather, 20 acres of meadow, and 40 acres of

* i.e., Newport, a suburb of Barnstaple, in the parish of Bishops
Tawton. Mr. Wainwright has kindly sent me a copy of a Deed of
Settlement dated Monday next after the Feast of St. Catherine, 1374,
by which David John Chaplain, gave to Robert de Rayshlegh and
Matilda, his wife, all his lands, tenements, rents and services in
Barnestapol and Nyuport Episcopi, which he had of their gift and
feoffment. To hold to the said Robert and Matilda for life with re-
mainder to John de Rayshlegh and Johan, his wife, in fee tail, and in
default of their issue to Matilda. The ultimate remainder to Matilda
indicates that the settled property originally came from her.

Q

202 Devon Notes and Queries.

wood, in the manor of Raschelegh, and of i tenement, 40
acres of land and 2 acres of meadow, in Chyplegh, in his
demesne, as of fee, he on the 24th October, 1488, enfeoffed
John Hengescote, Richard Wode, Thomas Rowley, clerk,
and Robert Marshall and their heirs, who thereupon granted
the said premises to the said John Rayschelegh and Alice
his wife and the heirs of John for ever ; that the premises
in Rayschelegh were held of the Lord of Ormond in
free socage and were worth per annum 40 shillings, and
that the premises in Chyplegh were held of Peter Egge-
combe, Knight of his castle of Totton by Knight's service,
and were worth per annum 133. 4d. ; and that Ibota Raysshe-
legh was John's heir, and was of the age of two years and
more. In Vivian's Visitations of Devon Ibota, or Abbot, is
called the daughter and heir of Thomas Rashleigh, so it
would appear that John had a brother Thomas, who
predeceased him.

Now to go back to John Bray, the younger son of
Robert Raschelegh. His original surname was no doubt
that of his parents Raschelegh only, and he probably acquired
the alias of Bray from his residence. He may be identified
with the John Rasleigh who entered into a Recognisance
in the Court of the Mayor of Barnstaple, 47 Edw. III.
(B.R. ii., 49), and must have been a middle-aged man when he
in 1387 joined with other brethren of the Guild of St. Nicholas
in the grant of a tenement and garden in Barre (now
Bear) Street, Barnstaple (B.R., ii., 171). He appears to have
not long retained his mother's gift, since in 1394 Thomas
Rashleigh received from the Borough Accountant a certain
quit rent of 2s. payable in respect of the Butchers' House
or of the Guildhall at Barnstaple, which in 1390 was paid
to John,* the inference being that John had between the
two dates made over part at least of his property to or
for the benefit of his son Thomas. The Escheator's
Inquisition mentioned below, taken on the 2gth October,
1529, confirms this inference, for there the jury found that
John Juvenell Chaplain and William Spencer being seised
of 6 messuages, 7 gardens, 4 curtilages, I kitchen, i room

* Gribble's Memorials of Barnstaple, 273 and B. R. ii., 81. The
Butchers' House was apparently in some way connected with the
Guildhall, perhaps under it.

Devon Notes and Queries. 203

with seats (selaria), i coal-house (domus carbonalis), 4 acres
of arable land, 3 acres of meadow, and 8 shilling-rents and
9 penny-rents (octo solidat. reddit. et novem denariat.
reddit.), in the Borough of Barnastapol, and of two tene-
ments, i garden, i barn, 2 acres of land, 2 acres of pasture,
5 acres of meadow, and 9 shilling-rents, in Newport Bishop?
in their demesne as of fee, did by a charter dated the
Thursday next after the feast of St. Mary Magdalene, 1397,
grant to Thomas Rayshelegh, by the name of Thomas
Braye, alias Rayshelegh, and to Johan* his wife and the
heirs of the body of Thomas, all the premises by the
description of " all the messuages, lands, tenements, rents,
reversions and services which we hold by the gift and
feoffment of John Braye, alias Rayshleigh, in Barnstaple
and in Newport aforesaid except one tenement in Bouteport
which we have already granted back to the same John Braye,
alias Rayshelegh."

In 1402 Thomas and several others were each fined 3d.
in the Court of the Mayor of Barnstaple for not having
complied with the order of the Court to repair the pave-
ment in front of their houses; and in 1411 Thomas granted
a tenement at Lycwycheton (Litchdon) to Nicholas Deghe
(B.R., i., 159; ii., 187).

An inquisition respecting the property of Thomas was
taken on the Tuesday before the feast of Pentecost, 7
Henry V., by virtue of the King's writ. The writ is badly
decayed and only a fragment remains, and the Inquisition
is also in parts illegible. The place where it was held and
the names of the Escheator and half the jury are gone. The
names left are . . . Takell, Richard Whatlok, . . . heastecote,
Andrew Paas, John Eston, Thomas Codyng and John Free.

* Johan Rayshelegh was apparently the daughter of John Colyn, of
Hole, or South Hole, in the parish of Georgeham, by his wife Alice, daughter
of Richard Stapiscot and Alice, daughter of Gilbert de Hole. On 3oth
November, 1402, a license was granted to Alice, relict of John Colyn ;
also to Thomas Rayscheleigh and Joan his wife, to celebrate Divine
service in their mansion of Hole in Georgeham (Hamme Sancti Georgii.
Bishop Stafford's Register, and see Risdon's Survey). The wills referred
to below shew Rashleighs still at Georgeham 300 years later. On
2oth September, 1413, John Rayschelegh, chaplain, was licensed to serve
the chapel of St. Edmund the Bishop, in the manor of Coleton, in
the parish of Chumleigh.

204 Devon Notes and Queries.

It was taken during the life of Thomas, for the present
tense is used; the jury say that the tenants "hold" (not
" held ") of him. Instead, too, of the common ending of an
inquisition post mortem to the effect that the aforesaid so and
so held no more lands on the day he died the inquisition
concludes thus : 4< and which lands and tenements I have
taken by the authority of the aforesaid mandate into the
hand of the Lord King, and the same Thomas had no
more lands or tenements on the day of the recognizance of
the. aforesaid debt or afterwards which can be appraised or
seised into the hand of the said Lord King."

The inquisition purports to have been sealed by the jury
only : they found that Thomas Rasshelegh's property consisted
of the reversions of 5 houses, held by Thomas Holman,*
Richard Barbour, John Touker, John Myrymouth, and another
illegible, of a house and garden, tenant's name illegible, of
2 other gardens held by Margery Milward and Clement
Webber, of a close of land held by John Donnilond, and
2 meadows held by Bernard Skyber and John Goldsmyth,f
all the foregoing property being situate in the ville of
Barnestaple and held of Mr. Rashleigh for the lives of the
tenants at certain rents. The rents of the houses are
illegible except two which were gs. 8d. and 55. 6d.

Then came the reversions of a marsh and a close of
land in the Ville of Bishops Tawton, held similarly by John
Stykk and John Ledeheade for life. Then followed 10
houses, a shop and a vault (camera), in Barnstaple, held by
Thomas Smyth, Johanna Warde, John Vynhawe, Robert
Lucas, John Souter, Johanna Colcote, Ledewic Walshman,
Alicia Shepster, Johanna Peper, John Baker, and William
Hertescote4 at the will of the said Thomas Rasshlegh, and
worth per annum 6s. 8d. clear. If we are to judge
by the total of the annual value of the property afterwards
given, this was the aggregate value of the eleven holdings,
though it seems more likely that each house was worth the
sum named. Next 6 houses in Barnstaple are mentioned
subject to rent charges ranging from 6d. to 6s. in favour

* A Thomas Holman was Mayor of Barnstaple in 1406. 1419 and 1420.
t A John Goldsmith was Mayor of Barnstaple in 1426, 1428 and 1430.

I William Hertyscot was Mayor of Barnstaple in 1423, 1425, 1432,
1436 and 1448.

Devon Notes and Queries. 205

of Mr. Rasshelegh and his heirs, the house held by the
Mayor and community of the town at the already mentioned
quit rent of 2s. being one of them, and the other owners
being John Symond, William Taillor, Johanna Merymouth,
John Wyse and Simon Burgeys. Next is mentioned a house
in Nyweport Episcopi, owned by William Colebeare, subject
to a like rent charge of 33. 8d. ; then the reversions of a close
of land and a marsh, another close, 2 houses and another
close, all in the same ville, and held by John Rowe, Hugo
Smith, John White, and Peter Deth, of Thomas Rasshelegh for
life at rents. Next three rent-charges of 2s., 6d., and 6d.,
payable out of houses in Barnstaple, owned by John Styry,
John Deth and Adam Crokker, and 2 houses there of which
the said Thomas was seised in his demesne as of fee, worth
per annum 2s. net, and finally 7 houses in Nymet Bowe*
each held of Mr. Raysshelegh by knight service and pay-
ment of a yearly rent, the rents ranging from is. 6d. to
6s., and the tenants' names being Richard Whitlok, Margery
Walewayn, William Grilleston, Walwin atte Beare, John
Yeo, William Burnard and John Touker. And the jury
said that all the aforesaid tenements, rents and services were
worth per annum £8 2s. 6d. net. The inquisition having
been taken during the life of Thomas says nothing about
his heir. The descent from him is, however, supplied by
the inquisition on the death of John Rayscheleygh, to which
we shall next come. We there find it stated that by reason
of the said settlement of 1397 the premises thereby given
descended to this John in fee tail as the heir of the above men-
tioned Thomas, he being the son of his son, also named Thomas.
The name of Thomas Rayshleigh (the father of John) occurs
amongst the Barnstaple Records as the grantor in 1469 of 6s.
rent from a tenement outside the south gate of Barnstaplef ;

* Nymet Tracy, or Bow, was at one time a member of the Barony of Barn-
staple (seethe Hundred Rolls, Edw. I., Memorials of Barnstaple, 65 and 66.

t In the grant he is described as son and heir of Thomas Raysshelegh, of
South Hole, deceased, and annexed to the Deed is a piece of parchment
with the following puzzling inscription : — " Pedigree " (pes graduum) "of
Thomas Raysshelegh " (i.e., the Thomas R. described as deceased), viz*-
The same Thomas Raysshelegh is brother of Thomas. ' (Apparently there
were two brothers of the same name). " Son of John, son of John Burell and
Matilda his wife." The solution may be that the pedigree should perhaps
have said that John was son of Matilda Rashleigh, who secondly married
John Burell.

206 Devon Notes and Queries.

and he presumably died before the 2oth August, 1490,
the date of one of the grants of property made by
John and stated in his inquisition. The inquisition
on the death of John was taken at Barnstaple on the
2Qth October, 1529, before Thomas Hext, armiger, the
escheator and a jury whose names are illegible in the
Chancery copy, and not given in the Exchequer file. The
jury found the facts already stated respecting the settlement
of 1397 and the descent to John, also that his grandfather's
wife, Johan, survived her husband.

They then went on to give particulars of several charters,
12 in number, granted by the said John Rayshelegh of
premises in Barnstaple, Newport and the manor of Bishops
Tawton, the dates ranging from 1490 to 1525, one a grant
in fee on condition that the grantee should re-erect a
" bruynghouse," or " bruhouse," on the premises within
four years, a condition which was not fulfilled ; 5 grants
for a life or lives ; 5 demises for terms of years, varying
from 40 years to 80 years, and one for a term of years
determinable with lives. One of the demises, dated ist
February, 1512-13, was to Thomas Rayshelegh, a son of
the grantor, by Cecilia his former wife, of a meadow and
marsh adjoining in Newport Episcopi, near Cowebrigge (or
Conebrigge ?), which John Andrew then held to hold to
Thomas and his assigns for the term of 40 years, "which
estate Walter Salisbery* now holds by livery from the said
Thomas Rayshelegh." The other grantees were Richard
Harry, waxmaker, Richard Gay,f Johan his wife, and their
two daughter Margaret and Letitia, John Wayt and
Laurencia his wife, Robert Frenston, John Deyman, Agnes
his wife and their son Edmond, William Vanne and Isota
his wife, Alexander Merifield, Johan his wife and John
their son, Richard Haydon, "gentilman," and Agnes his
wife, Philip Comer, { and Nicholas Willighby. Other names
of adjoining owners and tenants mentioned are The Priory
of the blessed Mary Magdalene of Barnestapol, the feoffees
of the chapel of Saint Anne, of Barnestapol, the feoffees of
Saint George of Barnestapol, Lewis Pollard, knight, lately

* Walter Salisbury was Mayor of Barnstaple in 1530 and 1539.
t Richard Gay was Mayor of Barnstaple in 1533 and 1542.
J Philip Colmer was Mayor of Barnstaple in 1526.

Devon Notes and Queries. 207

one of the Justices of the King's Bench, Robert Perot, of Pill,*
Robert Comer, senior,! John Palmar, John Hill, John Primett,
John Copleston, of Yealmeton, Henry Freer, John Arnoll,
Richard Jacobbe, and the heirs of Boys. Streets and localities
mentioned are High strete, Joye strete, Maydyn strete Grene-
lane and Whitepit lane, in Barnstaple, land and a lane both
called Pulcars, in the suburbs of Barnstaple, Rumsham, a
suburb of Newport, and Le Bondelane, in the manor of
Tawstock. The strand of the river in Barnstaple is called
" litus maris." And the Jury also said that by a charter
dated the 2gth June, 1526, John Rayshelegh gave to Roger
RaysheleghjJ clerk, certain tenements in the Borough of
Barnestapol, Newport Episcopi and the manor of Tawton
Episcopi, and to the before named Philip Comer, Richard
Gay, and Thomas Rayshelegh and Philip Rayshelegh, all
his messuages, lands, tenements, rents, reversions and
services in Barnstapol, Newport Episcopi and Tawton
Episcopi, except one garden in Barnstapol, which the said
John Rayshelegh thitherto held to hold the same to the
aforesaid Roger Philip, Richard Thomas and Philip, their
heirs and assigns for ever, with the intent to carry out the
last will of the said John Rayshelegh in manner as appeared
in the schedule to the said charter annexed as followed;
and his will was that the said Roger and his co-feoffees,
their heirs and assigns, should stand seised of the premises
to the use of the said John Rayshelegh for his life and
after his decease should stand seised of one tenement in
which the same John Rayshelegh at the time of sealing the
same charter of feoffment and schedule then dwelt with the
curtilage, and of one stable with the curtilage lying in Wil-
strete and certain other specified premises to the use of

* Risdon writes : " Pill had anciently lords so named, which place
by the daughter of Michael de la Pill, in the age of King Edward the
Second, came to Robert Fulk, of Halmeston, from whose co-heir married
to Thomas Perot, after some successions in that tribe, Travers descended
of an ancient family in Hampshire was invested therewith." He also
says, "Newport, in this parish of Bishops Tawton was anciently a
borough, and had a Mayor, as appeareth by a deed dated the fourth of
Henry the Sixth, whereunto Thomas Perot was a testis, by the title of
Mayor of Newport." As to the Mayors of Newport see Barn. Rec. ii., 177.

f Robert Colmer, senior, was Mayor of Barnstaple in 1509 and 1517.

| A Roger Rashleigh was parson at Bishops Nympton in 1536.

208 Devon Notes and Queries.

Alice, wife of the same John Rayshelegh during her life
in lieu of dower, and that the said Alice should repair and
maintain the said tenement in which the said John Rayshe-
legh then dwelt at her own expense during her life ; and
after her decease he willed that the said Roger and his co-
feoffees and their heirs should stand seised in all the
premises of the aforesaid Alice to the use of the right
heirs of the said John Rayshelegh ; and further he willed
that the said Roger and his co-feoffees and their heirs should
stand seised of all the rest of his messuages, lands, tene-
ments, and rents in Barnestapol, Newport Episcopi and
Tawton Episcopi, to discharge his debts, and after the
debts were paid should levy and receive the rents, issues
and profits for the marriage use of his daughters Wilmot
and Agnes, until they should have received the sum of
eight pounds to be divided equally between them ; and if
either of his daughters died before marriage the survivor to
have the whole of the said sum, and if his said daughters
should have necessity for the said money before marriage
they should have part. And he also willed that if Wilmot
and Agnes should die before they married or under the age
of fifteen years, then 2os. of the said sum of £8 should be
expended over their funeral, and another 2os. should be
paid to his daughter Agnes Munday and her children, and
2os. to his son Thomas Rayshelegh, and £5 balance of
the said £8 should be paid to a priest to pray yearly for
the salvation of the testator's soul, his wife, his father,
mother and children, and for all the souls of the dead.
And he further willed that his said son Thomas should
have £\ out of the said rents, issues and profits whenever
he should have need thereof " for his solace and consolation "
at the discretion of his feoffees ; and that Thomas Munday*
who married his daughter should have £4.

And he further willed that his said feoffees, in whom he
had special faith and hope, should have for their diligence
and labour 35. 45. for overseeing his last will. And the
will ended with an ultimate remainder to the use of the
grantor's right heirs for ever. And further the jury said

* Perhaps connected with the family of Munday which came into
Cornwall from Derbyshire about this time.

Devon Notes and Queries. 209

that the said John Rayshelegh was seised of a shop, one
toft, 13 gardens, 5 acres of land, 3 acres of pasture, and two
shilling-rent in Toriton Magna, and of one acre of land in
Toriton Parva, and of 3 shilling and 2 penny-rents in Nymet
Bowe, in his demesne as of fee ; and that after his death
the said premises in Toriton Magna, Toriton Parva and
Nymet Bowe, descended to a certain John Rayshelegh,
as heir of the aforesaid John, namely as son and heir of
Robert Rayshelegh, son and heir of the aforesaid John. And
further the jury said that the aforesaid premises in the
borough of Barnestapol, were held of the Lord King
as of his castle of Barnestapol as parcel^ of his
duchy of Exeter, by the rent of 2^d., and fealty
and by attendance on the Court held at the said
Castle for all services in free socage, and were worth per
annum 2os. ; and that the premises in the " Borough " of
Newport Episcopi, were held of John Bishop, of Exeter, as
of his Manor of Tawton Episcopi, by the rent of gs. 4d.
per annum, and fealty and attendance on his court at
Newport Episcopi, twice per annum, for all services in free
socage, and were worth per annum 133. 4d. : and that the
aforesaid close lying in Tawton Episcopi which the said
Nicholas Willighby then held were held of the Bishop by
fealty only in free socage and was worth per annum 2s. ;
and that the premises in the manor of Tawton Episcopi
which the aforesaid Richard Gay and Johan his wife then
held were held of the said Bishop by fealty and by atten-
dance on his Court at the aforesaid Manor in free socage
and were worth per annum IDS. ; and that certain of the
premises in Toriton Magna were held of Henry, Duke of
Richmond, by the rent of 33. and attendance on his Court
at the Castle of Toriton Magna in free socage, and were
worth per annum 403. ; and that the aforesaid 3 acres of
pasture in Toriton Magna were held of the same Duke of
Richmond by knight's service, and were worth per annum
2s. ; and that the aforesaid acre of land in Toriton Parva
was held of Lewis Dawele by the rent of Jd. per annum
in free socage and were worth per annum I2S. ; and that
the aforesaid 3 shilling and 2 penny-rents in Nymet Bowe
were held of Lord Fitzwarren in free socage " and were
worth per annum in all their issues clear of deductions

2io Devon Notes and Queries.

nothing " ; and that the said John Rayshelegh, the father
of the said Robert, died the I2th June then last past, and
that the said John Rayshelegh, the son of the said Robert,
was his next heir and was of full age, namely, 25 years
and more.

A writer in the Genealogist (n,st in., 188) says: "I have
seen a descent in the De Banco Rolls which sets out that
one Thomas Bray who lived in the time of Henry VI. was
otherwise called Rayshelegh, and that his son and heir was
great great grandfather to one John Bray, alias Raysheley,
who flourished in Devonshire in the middle of the sixteenth
century." If this is accurate (which seems doubtful) the
pedigree afforded by the inquisition of 1529 has missed a
generation which would have to be supplied between the
first two Thomases. Robert, the eldest son, and John, the
grandson, are not mentioned in the testator's will, no doubt
because the heir was otherwise provided for. To Philip,
though mentioned, no gift was made, probably for a similar
reason. Neither does the will describe Philip as a son,
though he must have been so, for Philip Rashleigh of Fowey
who founded the still flourishing Cornish family died I4th
June, 1551,* and cannot therefore have belonged to the same
generation as John, who died at a great age in 1529, nor
can he be identified with the Philip hereafter mentioned,
the son of Robert, for he was still alive on 4th August, 1566,
the date of the will of John, the son of Robert. So he
must fit in here as a brother of Robert, and since Colonel
Vivian says he was a second son, he would come between
Robert and Thomas. Thomas' name was naturally men-
tioned among the trustees before his, because Thomas had
been previously mentioned in the will. Parson Roger may
or may not have been also the testator's son.

The name of John Rayshleigh, the testator, occurs more
than once in the Barnstaple Records (i. 189, ii., 189). The
following item in the Town accounts (B. R., ii. no): —
" I552'3> paid to two sawyers to saw the timber which Mr.
Rayshleigh gave the town, is. 4d.," refers to John, the
testator's grandson. So also possibly does this entry in the

* Visitations of Cornwall by Colonel Vivian, where he gives a
full pedigree of the Cornish family.

Devon Notes and Queries. 211

marriage register of Barnstaple, " 1553, 16 Jan., Oliver
Norwood & Edyth, s'vant of John Bray*." This John, the
grandson, died the 8th January, 1566-7, and on the 3rd
October following an inquisition was taken at the Castle of
Exeter before Richard Strowde, armiger, the Escheator " after
the death of John Rassheley, generosus, and Alice his wife," by
the oath of William Halland, armiger, Richard Copleston,
armiger, Thomas Carye, armiger, Henry Fortescue, armiger,
Edward Ameredith, armiger, Richard Hale, armiger, George

Fo , John Lawman, generosus, John Wood, generosus,

John Beare, generosus, John Bastard, generosus, Michael
Moyse, generosus, Richard Esbrick, generosus, arfd Henry
Dyer, generosus. They said that the said John Rasshelegh
some time before and at the time of his death was seised in
his demesne as of fee of 6 messuages, 7 gardens, 4 curtilages,
i kitchen, i room with seats, i coal-house, 4 acres of arable
land, 3 acres of meadow, and 8 shilling and 9 penny-rents in
Barnstaple ; also of 2 tenements, i garden, i barn, 2 acres of
land, 2 acres of pasture, 5 acres of meadow, and 9 shilling-
rents in Newport Episcopi; and of i -close of land and 2
closes of land and marsh in Tawton Episcopi ; and further of
12 messuages, i shop, i toft, 13 gardens, 5 acres of land, 3 acres
of pasture, and 2 shilling -rents in Torryton Magna, and of

1 acre of land in Torryton Parva; also of 3 shilling and

2 penny-rents in Nymett Bowe, and so seised, made his
testament and last will dated the 4th August, A.D. 1566,
then produced to them, and thereby, among other things,
bequeathed to Alice Rassheley his wife, the land which he
had in Barnestaple in the tenure of David — with all his land
lying by Cambridge (PCowebridge) formerly in the tenure of
William Salsburye,f with all the lands which William
DawkynsJ and John Parker then held in Newport and
Tawton Episcopi, together with the lands which he had in
Torryton Magna and Taduport to hold to the said Alice for

* If this John Bray is not identical with John Rashleigh, then the only
two individuals to whom I find the alias of Bray given are John Bray,
or Rashleigh, temp. Rich. II., and his son Thomas, who in the inquisition
of 1529 is stated to have been described in the Charter of 1397 as
Thomas Bray, alias Rayshlegh.

t William Salisbury was Mayor of Barnstaple, 1558.

\ William Dawkins was Mayor of Barnstaple, 1563 and 1574.

212 Devon Notes and Queries.

her life, and after her decease he bequeathed and willed
all the land which he had in the county of Devon to William
Rassheley, his brother in tail male, with successive re-
mainders over in tail male to Thomas Rassheley — of South-
molton, Walter Rassheley, of Manshew (Meshaw?) and
Philip Rassheley,* with remainder over to the female heirs
of him the said John Rasshelegh, namely the sons of his
three sisters, Elenor Tubb,t Alicia Voose, and Thomasin
Harris and their heirs for ever.

And after the death of the said testator the said Alice
by virtue of the said will entered into amongst other things
all the said premises, and after her death all and singular
the premises remained and accrued to the same William
Rasshelegh in fee tail. And further the Jury said that
the premises in Barnstaple were held of John Chechester,
knight as of his Castle of Barnstapol as parcel of the
Duchy of Exeter by the rent of 2jd., and fealty and attend-
ance at the Court at West . . . ., and were worth per
annum 2os., and that the premises in Newport Episcopi
were held of Francis Earl of Bedford as of his manor
of Tawton Episcopi by the rent of 95. 4d., and fealty and
attendance at his court at Newport Episcopi twice a year,
and were worth per annum 135. 4d. ; and that a certain
close in Tawton Episcopi was held of the said Earl of Bedford
as of his said manor by fealty and was worth per annum 2s.
and that the said two closes and marsh in Tawton Episcopi
were held of the said Earl by fealty and attendance at his
Court, and were worth per annum IDS. ; and that the premises

in Torryton Magna were held of the heirs of Basset

as of his castle of Torryton Magna by a rent of 35., and
attendance at his court at the said Castle, and were worth
per annum 403.; and that the premises in Torryton Parva
were held of John Davelle, armiger, by the rent of Jd. per

*The testator does not call Thomas, Walter and Philip his brothers
unless the hiatus after Thomas Rassheley contained as it probably did
the words "fratri meo," but they undoubtedly were so, as the estates
given them take precedence of tne gift to his nephews.

•f-The Tubbs were an armigerous family, and Elienor's marriage is
mentioned in Vivian's Visitations of Cornwall, " George Tubb of Tren-
goffe in Warleggan married Eleanor, dau. of Robert Rasheley of Hole,
co. Devon." She was buried at Warleggan, 8th June, 1591.

Devon Notes and Queries. 213

annum, and were worth per annum i2d.; and that the
aforesaid rents in Nymett Bowe were held of Lord Fitzwarren
and were worth per annum nothing ; and that the said
John Rassheley died the 8th January then last past, and
the said Alice died the 2nd July last past.

We next fall back upon the Barnstaple Records. There
amongst rents paid by the Bridge- wardens in 1578 appears
" Item to the heirs of Raishleigh xiid " (B.R., ii., 233).
In 1584 the above-mentioned William Rashleigh, described
as of Southmolton, gentleman, and Peter Rayshlegh, of the
same place, yeoman, who, as we shall see by the next
deed, was the eldest son of William) mortgaged^ lands in
Barnstaple and Bishops Tawton to John Pincombe the
younger, of Southmolton, clothier. In 1587 " William
Raishleigh, of Southmolton, and his son and heir Peter
Raishleigh granted a yearly rent of 2s. issuing out of the
Guildhall, and another of i2d., issuing out of certain
lands for the reparation of the Long Bridge " ; and in the
accounts of the Collectors and Receivers of Barnstaple there
is an entry of the payment of the purchase money " Paid
to William Raishleigh and Peter Raishley, of Southmolton,
for the purchase of a yearly rent of 33., which they received
from certain lands and tenements within the town, by Mr.
Mayor's commandment £2 133. 4d.," and the purchase is
again referred to in the town accounts 1614-5 " the High
rent bought of the Rashleis, of Molton, 2s." (B.R., ii., 228,
129 and 134.) John Raishleigh (Peter's son) entered his
pedigree at the Visitation of London, 1634, anc^ the following
is a copy :

BREAD STREET WARD.
For the Armes see Dcuonshire.

Peter Raishleygh, of Barstaple, "" Mary, da. of Richard Westerne, of
in Co. Deuon. South Moulton, in Co. Deuon.

John Raishleygh, of William Raishleygh,

London, a° 1634. second sonne.

JNO. RAISHLEIGH.

In 1615, this John Raishleigh, described as of London,
merchant, gave to " the relief of the poore of the Towne of
Southmolton for ever," £100. This sum, with another £ioot
was on the ist December, 1649, expended in purchasing of

214 Devon Notes and Queries.

Sir Hugh Pollard, Bart., the fee simple of an estate of
56 acres, called Snapdown, in the parish of Warkleigh, and
the Charity is still in existence. This information is derived
from Mr. Cock's Records of Southmolton, whence are also taken
the following notices of Mayors of that town, viz. : 1596,
Arthur (or Anthony*) Rasheleigh; 1615, 1624 and 1633,
Christofer Rasheleigh. In the Parish Registers of South-
molton occur the following entries: — "January, 1601,
Christopher Rashleigh maried (sic) An Pinekome, the 17."
Baptisms. — 28th November, 1602, Dorothie, the daughter of
Christopher Rashley ; 26th September, 1606, Susanne, the
daughter of Christopher Rashlye ; 2oth May, 1611, Elizabeth,
daughter of Christopher Rashley; 26th May, 1621, Dorothie,
the daughter of Christopher and Anne Rashlye ; ist Sep-
tember, 1625, Temperance, the daughter of Mr. Christofer
Rashleigh. Burials. — 3oth May, 1619, Dorothy fil., Mr.
Rashley ; i8th July, 1620, Cicell, the daughter of Christopher
Rashley; 2oth April, 1631, Dorothy Rashly.

Ann Pincombe whom Mr. Christopher Rashleigh married,
belonged to an armigerous family connected with Southmolton
and its neighbourhood, commencing in the Visitation of 1564

with " Pynecombe, of Northmolton, who came thither

with the Lord Zouch about the beginninge of the raigne of
K. Henry 7th." Her youngest daughter Temperance was
presumably called after Temperance, daughter of Hugh
Pollard, and great granddaughter of Sir Lewis Pollard the
Judge, who married William Pynecombe, of Southmolton
and East Buckland, one of the Coroners of Devon ; from
which we may perhaps conclude that Anne Rashleigh was a
sister of this William, and a daughter of William Pyne-
combe, of Filley and East Buckland, who married a daughter
of Snowe, of Anstey.

On nth January, 1627-8, a License was granted in
the Diocese of Exeter for the marriage of Gregory Morrell*
of Tiverton, and Suzanna Rashley, of Southmolton.
On the 7th July, 1628, Anne Rashley was married at
Southmolton to Henrye Badcock. In or about the year
1632, Elizabeth Rashleigh married Alexander Marshall,
Rector of Loxbeare, by whom she left issue. She and

* In his list of Mayors Mr. Cock .gives the name "Arthur," but on
page II he apparently calls the same man "Anthony."

Devon Notes and Queries. 215

her mother, then a widow, are mentioned in his Will,
dated i6th April, 1653, an<* proved by her at West-
minster, in July, 1653 ; and her name appears as com-
plainant for herself and Hugh her infant son, in a
Chancery suit of the nth February, following against
Zacharie Cudmore and others, in respect of the advowson
of the Church of Loxbeare. On loth July, 1641, Thomas
Badcock married Mary Rashley, at Southmolton, and in
1646 Oliver Teppin married Katherine Rashleigh. Chris-
topher Rashleigh may be assumed to have been a son or
grandson of Thomas, of Southmolton, mentioned in the
inquisition of 1567, or of his brother Philip, who, with
the other inhabitants of Southmolton, gave consent to a
bye-law in 1600, and is probably the man who married the
eldest daughter of Thomas Leigh, of Southmolton, and
his wife Dorothy, nee Clotworthy. Arthur Rashleigh
the mayor of Southmolton in 1596, perhaps constituted
the intermediate generation.* As Christopher Rashleigh
had no male issue, descendants of his daughters would
be entitled to quarter the arms of the Devonshire Rash-
leighs. Sir Bernard Burke gives these arms as Ar. a
cross sa.j in chief 2 Taus of the second; and with this
Risdon and Lysons agree. There is however a coat of
arms in the east window of Exeter Cathedral, Ar. a cross
gules between 4 crescents sa., and this is said to have been the
reputed coat of the Devonshire Rashleighs. The Cornish

* The following Wills, &c., are or were at Exeter in the Court of the
Archdeaconry of Barnstaple. The first six are I believe missing: —

1597, Nov. 10. Thomas Raishly, Nimet Regis (Kings Nympton,
4 or 5 miles from Southmolton.

1607, March 27 Raishleigh, Gorgeham.

1611, June 10 Raishley, Nimet Regis.

1615, August i. Johan Rayshley, Nimet Regis (Account).

1620, March 7. James Rayshley, Georgeham.

1631, August 30. Alice Rashleigh, Southmolton.

1662, May 9. Christopher Rashley, Georgeham (Administration).

1667, August 10. Alice Rashley, Georgeham (ditto).

1674, March 5. Joan Rashley, Georgeham (Testament).

1688, March i. Francis Rashley, Georgeham (Administration).

1688, December 7. Peter Rashley, Ilfracombe (Testament).

l695> June 7. Jane Rashley, Georgeham (ditto).

A Robert Rashleigh, of Coombe (Ilfracombe ?), married on 8th June,
1674, Joanna, daughter of Christopher Clobery, of Bradston.

216 Devon Notes and Queries.

chough in the arms of the Cornish branch arrived, I suppose,
after the migration to Cornwall. It would be interesting
to know what the arms are on the seals of the deeds
preserved at Barnstaple.

According to Lyson's (Devon ii, 249), " The Manor of
Goodleigh being parcel of the Duchy of Lancaster and ex-
tending into the parishes of Swimbridge, Marwood and
Ilfracombe, was sold by the Crown to the Rashleigh family,
of whom it was purchased by R. N. Incledon, Esq., the
present proprietor."* There is no trace of this property in
the inquisitions. What was the date of the sale by the
Crown, and to whom was it made ? One would like to know
who the wives of the Rashleighs were. The advent of the
Barnstaple, Bishops Tawton, Nymet Tracey, and Torrington
properties at different dates may furnish a clue.

JAMES C. MARSHALL.

118. EPISCOPAL REGISTERS (IV., p. 98, par. 58.) — In re-
ference to the excommunication of Bishop Brantyngham by
Archbishop Courtenay, Prince tells us (p. 149) that some
servants of our Bishop found a Sumner of the Archbishop at
Topsham with a writ for the Bishop to appear and answer cer-
tain articles before his Grace, and that they beat the Sumner
and made him eat the instrument, wax and all ! This caused
scandal, and the Bishop had to submit. The Bishop himself
seems to have excommunicated very freely. S. GROSE.

119. COLYTON REGISTER ENTRIES. — An explanation of
the following entry in the Colyton Parish Church Registers
would oblige: —

1549, Launcelot Morris, sonne of John Morice, in

banctuarye, was christened the vith daye of Maye.

1554, Lanclet Moryce was buryed the xviiith daye of

January.

Was Colyton Church a " Sanctuary " ?
The following is also taken from the same register: —
1568, A creature of God, the creature of Walter Edwarde,
of Colyforde, was buryed the ixth daye of January.
Walters, in his History of Parish Registers, and also
Burns say : " that children baptized by the midwife were
so called.0 A.J.P.S.

"Lysons wrote in 1822.

AN

OLD EXETER MANUSCRIPT

A SHORT CHRONICLE OF THE CHURCH
OF EXETER TENTHS AND FIFTEENTHS
OF THE HUNDREDS OF DEVON 1384 WRIT
AND PROCLAMATION AGAINST LOLLARDS
OF HENRY IV CHARTER TO EXETER
EDWARD III RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS
CHAPTER OF EXETER 1408 and CHARTER
TO EXETER HENRY IV

DONE INTO ENGLISH OUT OF LATIN

BY

Rev OSWALD J REICHEL MA BCL FSA

AIDED BY

W E MUGFORD

EXETER

JAMES G COMMIN

1907

PREFACE.

We are greatly indebted to Mr. James G. Commin for
giving us the use of this interesting manuscript, and to
the Rev. Oswald J. Reichel for translating it and for the
introduction he has written.

A copy of the first part of this manuscript is to be
found in No. 627, Laud's MSS., in the Bodleian Library,
Oxford, where it occupies rather more than four closely
written folio leaves. The Rev. J. W. Hewett transcribed
and translated this for the Exeter Diocesan Architectural
Society, and it is printed in its Transactions, Vol. III., ser. i,
pp. 139-146. At the end is a pedigree of Grandisson which
does not appear in the manuscript we are dealing with. This
we have added from Mr. Hewett's paper to make our work
more complete.

The other parts of the manuscript are fully described
by Mr. Reichel in his introduction.

EDS.

INTRODUCTION.

The interesting manuscript which Mr. Commin has
placed in my hands for translation consists of 34 parch-
ment leaves, n inches by 8, a few of them blank, and
was undoubtedly written in the city of Exeter and pro-
bably in the writing department of the Cathedral authori-
ties. Its contents may be divided into five parts, but all
of them have to do with the city of Exeter or the county
of Devon and all but one with the Cathedral Church, its
revenues and its officers.

The first part is a chronicle of events from the beginning
of the world to the death of Bishop Brantyngham on 3rd
December, 1394. It is beautifully written in a large clear
hand, with a coloured initial alternately red and blue for
each fresh entry, the portion up to the year 1307 being
apparently copied from an earlier chronicle, the author of
which, immediately after relating the coronation of Edward II.,
had added the words " whom may Jesus Christ the King
of Kings preserve," and similar words in regard to
Bishop Stapeldon. There are a few additions made in
the margin by an almost cotemporary hand, some of them
not very easy to decipher. These additions are printed in
ordinary marks of parenthesis. A supplement has been
added on a single page, giving a list of the Bishops of
St. Germans, in which one name, that of Athelstan II., has
been inserted by a much later hand.

The second part, which is also clearly written, but not
in the same grand writing as the chronicle, contains par-
ticulars of a moiety of fifteenths and tenths levied in the
7th year of Richard II. (A.D. 1383-4) and accounted for by
William Malherb, Hugh Walys and others. It was pro-
bably written within a year or two of that date, and is
valuable as containing a complete list of all the hundreds
of Devon with the tithings, manors and hamlets belonging
to each. This list is far superior to that of Risdon.

Then follows a copy of a writ addressed to the Sheriff
of Devon by Henry IV. in the gth year of his reign

6 Introduction.

[A.D. 1407-8] , ordering proclamation to be made against the
heretics called Lollards, together with the proclamation
actually made by the Sheriff in cotemporary English ; and
next a copy of a charter of Inspeximus and confirmation
granted by King Edward III. to the citizens of Exeter.
This specimen of the local English of the early fifteenth
century is most interesting. In the margin at the beginning
of the charter is a note saying that it was "received from
the Prior of St. Nicholas, Exeter." There is also a curious
mark in the margin opposite the recital of John's charter,
and the same mark is found against the same recital in
the margin of the charter of Inspeximus, which comes last
in the volume. The object of the mark appears to have
been to draw attention to the fact that the citizens enjoyed
the customs of London.

After a few blank leaves the fourth part is reached, a
condensed account of the income and outgoings of the
chapter of Exeter intended to serve as the groundwork in
making out each quarter's balance sheet. The date of this
is given in more than one place as 1408.

The fifth and last part is another charter of Inspeximus
and confirmation securing to the citizens of Exeter the same
privileges as those enjoyed by the citizens of London. The
R with which it begins cannot be intended for Ricardus,
because the charter itself quotes and confirms the charter of
Richard II. It probably stands for Rex, and the king who
confirms is Henry IV.

All the documents are in Latin, except the Sheriff's pro-
clamation which is in the English of the fifteenth century.
I have found no difficulty in translating them, except the
writ to the sheriff of Devon, and to judge by the sheriff's
proclamation, he or his draughtsman apparently felt the same
difficulty. I have received valuable help in reading the manu-
script from Mr. W. E. Mugford, for which I desire to express
my thanks. The pages of the manuscript are not numbered,
I have inserted the numbers which they would bear, had
they been numbered consecutively. For all that is printed
in critical or square brackets I am alone responsible.

From the contents it may be gathered with certainty that
the manuscript belonged to, and was made for the Dean and
Chapter. One portion of it is, in fact, nothing more than

Introduction. 7

an office terrier to guide officials in the collection and distri-
bution of its revenues. But the chapter has not always been
well served by those whom it put in office. For was not a
page of the Exeter Domesday at one time annexed by a
Dean of Exeter ? Of the 61 manuscripts given by Bishop
Leofric to the chapter, have not all but one disappeared
from the chapter library ? Have not the art treasures in
iron railings been known to disappear from some of their
churchyards, to be replaced by second-hand monstrosities
of appalling ugliness? Can we then wonder that by a
similar fate this manuscript should in times recent or remote
have passed into private hands ? On being satisfied as to
the original home of the manuscript, Mr. J. G. Commin,
with great generosity, made a free gift of it to the Dean
and Chapter.

OSWALD J. REICHEL.

[PART I.]
[Sbott Cbronicle of tbe Cburcb ot

[fol. i.]

The first age of the world, from the beginning of the
world up to Noah, contains 1,656 years according to the
Hebrews, according to the seventy translators 2,244.

The second age, from Noah to Abraham, contains
according to the Hebrews 1,293, according to the seventy
translators 1,077 years.

The third age, from Abraham to David, contains accord-
ing to the Hebrews 942, according to the seventy translators
840 years. In this age, in the time of Hely, the priest
Brutus, together with Corineus, afterwards Duke of Corn-
wall, entered upon this island inhabited by giants at Totnes.
It was then called Albion, but he called it after his own
name Brittannia. It is now called England, and he founded
a new Troy, that is London, on the river Tames.

The fourth age, from David to the Babylonish captivity,
contains according to the Hebrews 473, according to the
seventy translators 453 years.

In this age, in the time of Achaz, King of Judah, Rome
was founded by twin brothers, Remus and Romulus, 374
years after the first founding of the city of London.

The fifth age, from the Babylonish captivity to Christ,
contains 585 years.

In the year 693 from the foundation of Rome, and the
6oth before our Lord's incarnation, Julius Caesar, after

[fol. 2.]

being twice repulsed from Britain, hitherto inaccessible to
the Romans, and having fled disgracefully, on a third attempt,
taking advantage of a sedition in the port on the part of the
commander of the city of the Trinovantes, brought it under the
yoke of Rome, Cassibelaunus being the leader of the Britons.

In the year, therefore, 5199 from the beginning of the
world according to the reckoning of the 70 translators and
according to the chronicle of the Romans, or 4949 according
to the Hebrews, from the building of the city 752, in the
42nd of Octovian Augustus, Jesus Christ, Son of the
living God, was born at Bethlehem of Judah.

io Chronicle of Exeter Church.

In the 46th year after the Lord's incarnation the blessed
Virgin Mary was taken up into heaven.

In A.D. 49 Vespasian with a Roman Army besieged
Exeter for 8 days without success, King Arviragus giving
succour to the citizens.

In A.D. 69 the apostle St. Peter received the crown
of martyrdom.

In A.D. 1 66 Lucius, the Roman chief of all Britain,
sent letters to Pope Eleutherius asking that they might
be made Christians, and two religious men, Fagan and
Duman, having been sent to him, what he sought was brought
to pass.

In A.D. 286 blessed Alban, England's first martyr,
suffered in the city of Verulam.

In A.D. 450 the Saxons first entered England.

In A.D. 596 blessed Pope Gregory converted the
Angles by sending Augustine and others.

In A.D. 640 King Ealbright utterly destroyed all the

[foi. 3.]

idols and temples and forbad to worship them in future.

In A.D. 642 blessed Oswald the King won the crown of
martyrdom.

In A.D. 605 died blessed Gregory, the apbstle of the Angles.

In A.D. 735 died the venerable Bede, presbyter and
teacher of the English people, on the 8th of the Calends
of June.

In A.D. 854 King Adulph gave a tithe of the lands of
his kingdom and distributed among the churches of God.

In A.D. 869 Eadmund, King of the East Angles, slain
by Hynguar, leader of the Danes, earned the palm of
martyrdom.

In A.D. 931 Eadulf, first bishop of Crediton, died.

In A.D. 934 Adelstan, the most Christian King, taking
the field against Anlaph, King of the Scots, at Brunefeld
slew five kings who came with the same Anlaph.

In A.D. 940 the glorious King Adelstan, son of the first
Edward, King of England, died the 6th of the Calends of
November.

In A.D. 979 the second King Edward, son of King Edgar,
slain by a device of Queen Elfreda, his step-mother, earned
martyrdom and rests at Schephton.

Chronicle of Exeter Church.

ii

In A.D. 998 blessed Dunstan departed to the Lord.

In A.D. 1003 the City of Exeter was taken by the army
of Sweyn, King of the Danes, on the i4th of the Calends of
September.

In A.D. 1012 blessed Archbishop Alphege, stoned by the
army of the Danes, won the crown of martyrdom.

[fol. 4.]

(In the margin : Translation of the episcopal seat of
Crediton and St. German to the city of Exeter, as is
more fully set forth in the legend of holy Edward the King,
which is read on his festival in the church of Exeter.)

In A.D. 1050 in the 2nd year of the pontificate of holy
Pope Leo IX., but in the nth of the imperial rule
of Henry II. and also in the gth year of the reign of the
most holy King and confessor, the third Edward, in the
third indiction, under Leofric at that time Bishop of
Crediton, by authority of both Pope and King the episcopal
seat was removed from Crediton to this Church.

In A.D. 1065 died the holy confessor the third Edward
and rests at Westminster.

In A.D. 1066 died Harold, son of Godwin, Earl of Kent,
invader of the kingdom and perjured man.

In A.D. 1073 died Leofric, ist bishop of this church of
Exeter.

In A.D. 1080, at Christmas midnight, a terrible and un-
wonted sharp crash with rain, lightening and sudden thunder,
coming at the same time as an earthquake made great havoc
of houses and smote the hearts of all with such fear that
all were in terror that the judgment of God was upon
them.

In 1087 A.D. died William the King, and Duke of the
Normans, at Rouen, the 5th of the Ides of September, and
was buried at Caen before St. Stephen's altar, to whom
William his son succeeded.

In 1099 A.D. King William, called Rufus, struck by an
arrow whilst hunting met with a sudden death, and was
buried at St. Peter's, Winchester, to whom succeeded Henry
his brother.

In 1103 A.D. died Osbert, 2nd bishop of this city,
[fol. 5.]

In 1 1 12 A.D. the first foundation of Exeter church was laid.

12 Chronicle of Exeter Church.

In 1127 A.D. died William, 3rd bishop of this church.

In 1134 A.D. died Henry, King of England, the 4th of
the Nones of December, in the wood of lions by St. Denis
and his body was brought to Reading in the octave of the
Innocents and was honourably interred in the Church of
Blessed Mary which he had built from the foundations, and
Stephen, Count of Blois (Blesensis)^ his nephew, reigned in
his stead.

In 1150 A.D. died Robert, 4th bishop of this church.

In 1153 A.D. died Stephen, King of the English, on the
5th of the Calends of November and was buried in the
church of the Holy Saviour at Faversham which he had
founded. To him succeeded Henry the second, son of Geoffrey
(Gaufredi), Count of Anjou (Andegavie), and the Empress
Matilda.

In 1159 A.D. died Robert II., 5th bishop of this church.

In 1170 A.D. blessed Thomas, the archbishop, won the
glorious martyr's crown.

In 1184 A.D. died Bartholomew, 6th bishop of this church.

In 1188 A.D. died Henry II., King of England, the
Nones of July, and was buried at Fontevraud (Fontem
Ebrulphi). And Richard his son reigned in his stead.

In 1189 A.D. King Richard set out for the Holy Land.
[fol. 6.]

In 1190 A.D. the city of Acre (Aeon) was taken by King
Richard and restored to the Christians.

In 1191 A.D. died John, 7th bishop of this church.

In 1198 A.D. Richard, the illustrious King of England,
struck by an arrow at the siege of the castle of Calis on
the nth, died on the 8th day of the Ides of April, and
was buried at Fontevraud (Fontem Ebrulphi) at his father's
feet, to whom succeeded John his brother.

In 1206 A.D. died Henry, 8th bishop of this church.

In 1208 A.D. a general interdict was made in England
and King John subdued Ireland.

In 1213 A.D. the interdict was taken off.

In 1215 A.D. died John, King of England, on St. Luke
the Evangelist's day [and] was buried at Worcester, to
whom succeeded his son, Henry the third.

In the same year a general council was held at the
Lateran of 1,225 fathers under Pope Innocent III.

Chronicle of Exeter Church. 13

In 1216 A.D. the order of Preachers was confirmed by
Pope Honorius.

In 1 220 A.D. the blessed martyr Thomas was translated
with becoming respect.

In 1222 A.D. the parishes of the city of Exeter were
set out in bounds.

In 1224 A.D. died Simon, gth bishop of this church (in
the margin, to whom succeeded William, nephew of William
Bruere the elder. He was consecrated Bishop of Exeter
at Rome by Pope Honorius on Easter Day in 1224.)

In 1225 A.D. (in the margin, on the third Sunday in the
Advent of our Lord, Serlo, at the time archdeacon of
Exeter, by Lord William, the bishop himself,) was created
the first dean in this church of Exeter.

In 1240 A.D. died holy Edmund, archbishop of the
Church of Canterbury.

[fol. 7-]

In 1244 A.D. died William, loth bishop of this church,
the gth of the Calends of November.

In 1242 A.D. there was an earthquake all over England.

In 1256 A.D. a small boy called Hugh was taken by the
Jews at Lyncoln and crucified.

In 1257 A.D. died Richard, nth bishop of this church.
(In margin, Death of Richard, nth Bishop of Exeter, to
whom succeeded Walter.)

In 1264, when Simon de Montfort was fighting at
Lewes, the King of England and the King of Germany
(Almanie) and Edward, the eldest [son] of the King of
England were taken captives.

In 1265 Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leycester, was
killed at Evesham.

In 1272 A.D. died Henry III., King of England, the
i Gth of the Calends of December, and was buried at West-
minster and Edward his son reigned in his stead.

In 1275 A.D. there was a great earthquake in the 3rd
of the Ides of September.

In 1280 A.D. died Walter of good memory, I2th bishop of
this church, the nth of the Calends of August. (In the margin,
Death of Walter, I2th Bishop, to whom succeeded Peter.)

In 1282 A.D. Lewellin, Prince of Wales, was beheaded
[and] Wales became subject to the English.

14 Chronicle of Exeter Church.

In 1288 A.D. our (haec) new church was founded by the
venerable Father Peter, bishop of this church, in honour
of blessed Peter, Prince of the Apostles.

[fol. 8.]

In 1291 A.D. died Peter, i3th bishop of this church, on
the second of the Nones of October.

In 1307 A.D. died the illustrious King of England,
the fourth Edward [I.], on the Nones of July, and was
buried at Westminster, and the fifth Edward [II.] , his
son, reigned in his stead.

In the same year died Thomas, of pious memory, i4th
bishop of this church, the nth of the Calends of October.

In the same year the fifth Edward obtained the crown
of the kingdom, the I3th of the Calends of March, whom
may Jesus Christ, the King of kings, preserve.

In 1308 A.D. the venerable Father, Lord Walter the
second, i5th bishop of this church, was consecrated on the
feast of St. Edward the Confessor, whom may the Most
High deign to preserve unharmed.

In 1326 A.D. on the i5th day of October, the same
Bishop W [alter] was killed in London.

In 1327 A.D., the 28th of March, the body of the same
Walter, Bishop of Exeter, was solemnly buried.

In 1326 A.D., on Monday, the feast of the Purification of
the Blessed Virgin, Edward the Third since the Conquest
obtained the crown of the Kingdom.

In 1326 A.D., the 1 5.th March, James de Berkele was con-
secrated bishop of this church.

In 1327 A.D., the 24th June, the same James went the
way of all flesh.

In the same year A.D. 1327, the I2th August, the most holy
father in Christ, Lord John XXII. , Pope of Rome, living
at Avyniony, made provision for this church of Exeter
by apostolic authority, with unanimous consent of the

[fol. 9.]

cardinals, in Lord John de Grandisson, Archdeacon of Noth-
ingam, in the church of York, then actually in Gascony at
St. Macharius, he having been dispatched as nuncio of the
apostolic see to England and France, along with the
venerable father Lord Gilbert, then [Bishop of] Vienne,
afterwards Archbishop of Toulouse, who, having fulfilled

Chronicle of Exeter Church. 15

his mission and returned to Avignon, by command of the
same supreme pontiff, was consecrated in the above year
of our Lord, the i8th day of October, being the festival of
St. Luke the Evangelist, together with the venerable father
Lord Thomas de Cherletone, Bishop of Herford, by the
venerable father Lord Peter, Bishop of Preneste, cardinal
of the holy Roman Church and at that time vice-chan-
cellor.

The same John of Exeter was the son of Sir Gilbert
de Grandisson, the brother of that noble and most dis-
tinguished man Sir Otho de Grandisson, derived from
imperial Burgundy [from] Melyok in [the diocese of]
Lausanne, where the lordship of the castle of Grandisson
is situated, and of the lady Sibilla, joint heiress of
Sir John Tregoz, lord of the castle of Ewyas by Hereford,
who was the son of Lady Juliana, sister of Thomas
de Cantilupe, Bishop of Herford.

In 1370 A.D., on the feast of Nereus and Achilleus,
Lord Thomas Brantyngham was consecrated as Bishop of
Exeter, and died at Bishop's Clyst the 3rd day of December,
A.D. 1394.

In the year [ends abruptly, the next folio, 10, being blank.}

PEDIGREE OF GRANDISON.
Robertas — Juliana

[This Gilbert's name is
otherwise it is true.]

Tregoz

de Grandisono

Soror Thome
de Cantilup
herefordie
Episcopi

Johannes
Tregoz

GilbertuS de

Grandisono

Sibilla
Tregoz

Otho de
Grandissono vir
nobilis de burgundia
vbi Castrum de
Grandisona situm
est.

Johannes de
Grandisono
Episcopus
Exonie

1 6 Chronicle of Exeter Church.

[fol. ii.]
[3Bi0bop0 of St. (Berman'e.]

The following were bishops in the episcopal seat of
St. German in Cornwall from the time of King Edward,
son of King Alfred, up to the time of King Gnout the
Dane : —

Athelstan,

Conan,

Ruydok,

Adelred,

Brittwynne,

Athelstan II (a later insertion in a different hand).

Wolsi,

Worovus,

Wolocus,

Stidio,

Adeldred,

Burwold.

[fol. 12 blank.]
[fol. 13.]

[PART II.]

Particulars of the account of William Malerbe, Hugh
Walys and their fellow collectors as to a moiety of fifteenths
and tenths granted to the King by the laity in the 7th year of
Richard the Second after the Conquest, in the County of
Devon as below: —

Hundred of Haytor.

s. d.

From the tithing of Hemiston Cantelo... ... 21 3

From the tithing of Wille Coffyn and Dacomb ... 94

From the tithing of Torre Bryan and Devenbury 18 6

From the tithing of Wydecombe ... ... 33

From the tithing of Bokelond in the More ... 22

From the tithing of Spicwyk ... ... 69

From the tithing of Comb Fysschacre ... ... 30

From the tithing of Hemmiston Arundel ... 6 10

From the tithing of Torre Moun ... ... 14 4

Tenths and Fifteenths. 17

s. d.

From the tithing of Carswelle Abbot's ... ... 68

From the tithing of Blakedon in the More ... 20

From the tithing of Noctesworthy ... ... o 15

From the tithing of Blakeford ... ... 20

From the tithing of Wodehywyssch ... ... 73

From the tithing of Bryxham ... ... 16 4

From the tithing of Churcheton ... ... 15 2

From the tithing of Galmeton ... ... 96

From the tithing of Peyngton ... ... 60 o

From the tithing of Synt Marychurche ... 80
From the tithing of Wolleburgh with Nyweton

Abbot's ... ... ^ 76

From the tithing of Ipplepenne ... ... 29 6

From the tithing of Staverton ... ... 27 10

[foi. i4.]

From the tithing of Sparkewille .. ... 35

From the manor of Byry Pomeray ... ... 21 6

From the hamlet of Lovenatorre ... ... 29

From the tithing of Cothrengton andBrounston... 14 i

From the tithing of Eggenyswylle ... ... 76

From the tithing of Boklond Baron ... ... 30

From the tithing of Haccomb ... ... 32

From the tithing of Kyngkarswell ... ... 19 o

From the tithing of Cokyngeton ... ... 84

From the hamlet of Kyngewerre ... ... 134

From the tenants of the lord prince from the

Forest of Dertemore 3 6

Sum £iS 18 o
Hundred of Stanburgh.

s. d.

From the tithing of Alwyngton ... ... 23 o

From the tithing of Wollaston ... ... 12 6

From the tithing of Baddeston with Boltebury ... 23 4

From the tithing of Sour Portellemouth ... 14 o

From the tithing of Galmeton and Hywysch ... 13 4

From the tithing of Thorleston ... ... 96

From the tithing of Milton ... ... ... 15 I

From the tithing of B rente ... ... ... 21 2

From the tithing of Churstowe ... ... 13 4

From the tithing of Wercomb ... ... 50

1 8 Tenths and Fifteenths.

s. d.

From the tithing of Lodeswille ... ... 13 4

From the tithing of Northywyssh ... ... 87

[foi. i5.]

From the tithing of Alvyngton with Harleston ... 21 4

From the tithing of Wodelegh ... ... 14 3

From the tithing of Bukfastlegh ... ... 12 i

From the tithing of All Hallows', Legh ... 13 7

From the tithing of Dupeford ... ... 14 o

From the tithing of Holne ... ... ... 90

From the tithing of Dertyngton ... ... 13 4

From the tithing of Skyrdon with Hokena ... 66

From the tithing of Rattrewe ... ... 14 10

From the hamlet of Loscomb ... ... 20

From the tithing of Dene Prior ... ... 78

From the abbot of Bukfaste for the cattle of

others standing in his custody 3 4

Sum £15 2 10

[Should be £15 35. iod.]

Hundred of Plympton.

s. d.

From the tithing of Plympton ... ... 25 6

From the tithing of Wodeford ... ... 5 8

From the tithing of Saghe ... ... ... 49

From the tithing of Fernehull .... ... 70

From the tithing of Lang Otorre ... ... 53

From the tithing of Hemberdon ... ... 43

From the tithing of Bakmore ... ... 66

From the tithing of Hareston ... ... 46

From the tithing of Brixton ... ... ... 89

[fol. 1 6.]

From the tithing of Spridelston ... ... 6 10

From the tithing of Alphameston ... ... 33

From the tithing of Langadon ... ... 66

From the tithing of Doune ... ... ... 49

From the tithing of Brythleston ... ... 12

From the tithing of Stottescomb ... ... 36

From the tithing of Gosewell ... ... 18

From the tithing of Westhoo ... ... 12

Tenths and Fifteenths. 19

s. d.

From the tithing of Plympstoke ... ... 12 6

From the tithing of Yalmpton with Nasse ... 52 o

From the tenants of the prior of Plympton there... 15 o

Sum £900

Hundred of Rouburgh.

s. d.

From the tithing of Wytchurche ... ... n 2

From the tithing of Petristavy ... ... 30

From the tithing of Sampford ... ... 23

From the tithing of Mewy ... ... ... ^ 68

From the tithing of Ekkebokelond ... ... n o

From the tithing of Tamerton Foliot ... ... 134

From the tithing of Compton ... ... 13 8

From the tithing of Weston ... ... ... 178

From the tithing of Tavyton ... ... ... 20

From the tithing of Stoke Damarle ... ... 20 o

From the tithing of Budekeshide ... ... 50

From the tithing of Boklonde ... ... 10 n

From the tithing of Colrigg Legham ... ... 18

From the tithing of Bir Ferrers ... ... n 8

From the tithing of Sutton Vautord together with

the hamlets ... ... 106 4

£^ *5 I0
[fol. 17.]

Hundred of Exem[ins£]re.

s. d.

From the tithing of Holecombe ... ... 60

From the tithing of Exem [inst] re ... ... 16 o

From the tithing of Ken ... ... ... 19 o

From the tithing of Toucenyston, together with

Schyllyngeford Raf Abbot's 10 o

From the tithing of Pouderham ... ... 80

From the tithing of Ayscomb ... ... 13 4

From the tithing of Mammeheade ... ... 68

From the tithing of Doulysch with Esteyngemouth 29 o

From the tithing of Chuddelegh ... ... 13 4

From the tithing of Teyng St. Gregory ... 10

2O Tenths and Fifteenths.

s. d.

From the tithing of Moulysch... ... ... 12

From the tithing of Schaplegh, with Fenotery and

Jurdanston ... ... 68

From the tithing of Trisma ... ... ... 50

From the tithing of Ayscherston ... ... 66

From the tithing of Legh Dodescomb ... 39

From the tithing of Ide ... ... ... 5 10

From the tithing of Dunschidiok ... ... 20

From the hamlet of Matford Botonr, with Matford

Immour ... ... 37

From the tithing of Bishop's Teyngton ... 10 o

From the tithing of Teyngmouth Bishop's township 55 o

£11 o 18

Hundred of Teyngbrugge.

s. d.

From the tithing of Teyngwyke ... ... 20 2

[fol. 1 8.]

From the tithing of Lustelegh ... ... 10 o

From the tithing of Northbovy ... ... 10 o

From the tithing of Aysperton ... ... 13 4

From the tithing of Teyngbruer ... ... 72

From the tithing of Bovy Tracy ... ... 20 o

From the tithing of Eddeford ... ... 15 10

From the tithing of King's Teynton ... ... 16 o

From the tithing of Ilstyngton ... .. 20 8

From the tithing of Morton ... ... ... 19 3

From the tithing of Maneton ... ... ... 109

From the tithing of Hanghaton ... ... 66

From the tithing of Henok ... ... ... 40

From the tithing of Teyg Canon ... ... n 6

From the tithing of Wrey ... ... .. 63

From the hamlet of Lolkecomb ... ... 9

£9 12 i
[Should be £9 12s. 2d.]

Hundred of Wcstbuddelegh.

s. d

From the tithing of Raddon ... ... ... 14 o

From the tithing of Stokkelegh Pomeray ... 76

Tenths and Fifteenths. 21

s. d.

From the tithing of Sucton Sacohevell ... ... 50

From the tithing of Churiton fitz Payn ... 72

From the tithing of Stokkelegh Englysch ... n 2

From the tithing of Stokkelegh Lokcomb ... 13 7^

From the tithing of Schokbrok ... ... 92

From the tithing of Langalegh ... ... 15 o

From the tithing of Yadbury ... ... ... 18

From the tithing of Poghill ... ... ... 47

From the hamlet of Schute ... ... ... 50

From the hamlet of Cridia Peytevyn ... ... 2 10^

From the hamlet of Fenne Chalouns ... ... 17

[fol. 19.]

From the hamlet of Try we St. James ... ... 9

From the hamlet of Dynscombe ... ... 20

From the tithing of Werthe ... ... ... 26

From the tithing of Waysfeld ... ... 12

From the tithing of Uppton Hilion ... ... 30

From the hamlet of Emylte ... ... ... 20

Sum 108 ii
Hundred of Tuverton.

s. d.

From the tithing of Lomene Clavyle ... ... 20

From the tithing of Tuverton ... ... 3° 9

From the tithing of Bolleham ... ... 68

From the tithing of West Exe ... ... 76

From the tithing of Honysham ... ... 50

From the tithing of Uppelomene ... ... 75

From the tithing of Chillelomene ... ... 30

From the tithing of Westlyvethorne ... ... 68

From the tithing of Chettiscomb ... ... 23

From the tithing of Ivedon ... ... ... 3 ib

From the tithing of Bakkesworthi and Luteles-

worthi ... ... 18

From the hamlet of Nuchecote ... ... 4 10

Hundred of Hemyok.

s. d.

From the tithing of Cherestaunton ... ... 25 o

From the tithing of Hydon ... ... ... 20 o

22 Tenths and Fifteenths.

s. d.

From the tithing of Hemyok ... ... ... 25 o

From the tithing of Calstoke ... ... ... 30 o

From the tithing of Aulescomb ... ... 68

[fol. 20.]

From the tithing of Bekerel and Weryngeston ... 5 2

From the tithing of Colmdavyd ... ... 84

From the tithing of Olde Donkeswill ... ... 10 o

£6 10 2

Hundred of Halberton.

s. d.

From the tithing of Halberton ... ... 23 i

From the tithing of Samford ... ... ... 12 n

From the tithing of Withenynch ... ... 30

From the tithing of Botteslegh ... ... 19

From the tithing of Aysschford ... ... go

From the tithing of Mokesbere ... ... 66

From the tithing of Wildelonde ... ... 46

From the tithing of Moriston ... ... ... 18

From the tithing of Lynour ... ... ... 17

From the tithing of Esse ... ... ... 18

From the tithing of Saylak and Manelegh ... 26

From the tithing of Sourappeldore ... ... 10 6

78 o
Hundred of Clyston.

s. d.

From the tithing of Clyston ... ... ... 61 o

From the tithing of Briteleston ... ... 28

From the tithing of Colyn John ... ... 5 oj

From the tithing of Whympel ... ... 19 uj

From the tithing of Clyst Girard ... ... 46

[fol. 21.]

From the tithing of Clyst Laurenz ... ... 80

From the tithing of Clyst Hydon ... ... 66

From the tithing of Hanc ... ... ... 50

From the tithing of Cobeton ... ... ... 34

From the tithing of Ayssch Clyst ... ... 27

118 7

Tenths and Fifteenths. 23

Hundred of Coliton.

s. d,

From the tithing of Coliton ... ... ... 41 o

From the tithing of Brankescomb ... ... 45 3

From the tithing of Seton ... ... ... 21 8

From the tithing of Beare ... ... ... n 8

From the tithing of Gatecombe ... ... 2 7^

From the tithing of Southlegh ... ... 66

From the tithing of Forwode... ... ... 7 °

From the tithing of Farewey ... ... ... 12 o

From the tithing of Nortlegh ... ... ... 99

From the tithing of Wydeworthy ... ...^ n 8

From the tithing of Cactelegh ... ... 90

From the tithing of Woberneford ... ... 33

From the tithing of Whyteford ... ... 23 6

From the township of Coliford ... ... 12 6

£™ 17 4l
Hundred of Schestbere.

s. d.

From the tithing of Abbotesham ... ... 25 8

[fol. 22.]

From the tithing of Nyweton ... ... ... 76

From the tithing of Padistawe ... ... 10 o

From the tithing of Schepwasch ... ... 46

From the tithing of Hywysch ... ... 30

From the tithing of Methe ... ... ... 60

From the tithing of Beanford... ... ... 5 6

From the tithing of Yeddislegh ... ... 10 2

From the tithing of Merton ... ... ... 90

From the tithing of Little Toriton ... ... n o

From the tithing of Frethelistok -.. ... 13 o

From the tithing of Hampton Sachevyl ... 90

From the tithing of Bokelond Fillegh ... ... 68

From the tithing of Petris Merlond ... ... 90

From the tithing of Langetrew ... ... 35 o

From the tithing of Parkham ... ... 29 4

From the tithing of Alwyngton ... ... 19 o

From the tithing of Littelham ... ... 18 o

From the tithing of Bokelond Bruwere ... 38 4

24 Tenths and Fifteenths.

s. d.
From the tithing of Weregiffard ... ... 68

From the tithing of Lankars ... ... 36

From the tithing of Monkelegh ... ... 80

From the tithing of Bydeforde ... ... 84

16 2
Hundred of Fremyngton.

s. d.

From the tithing of Fremyngton ... ... 26 9

From the tithing of Toustok ... ... ... 31 8

[fol. 23.]

From the tithing of Toriton ... ... ... 28 6

From the tithing of Hele ... ... ... 21 8

From the tithing of Westlegh ... ... 14 6

From the tithing of Yenstawe and Wolryngton ... 10 o

From the tithing of Tapelegh ... ... 50

From the tithing of Horwode ... ... 6 i

From the tithing of Rouburgh ... ... 60

From the tithing of Alvarchiscote ... ... 76

From the tithing of Hunscheaue ... ... 68

^844
Hundred of SchyrewilL

s. d.

From the tithing of Wollecomb ... ... 14 i

From the tithing of Pidkewill .. ... 83

From the tithing of Alryngton ... ... 20

From the tithing of Middelton ... ... 58

From the tithing of Precomb ... ... 50

From the tithing of Mattyngho ... ... 70

From the tithing of Lyn ... ... ... 8 2

From the tithing of Bremdon ... ... 73

From the tithing of Cholecomb ... ... 30

From the tithing of Lynton ... ... ... 15 8

From the tithing of Gacton [?] .. ... 62

From the tithing of Heghbray ... ... 78

From the tithing of Charlis ... ... ... 66

From the tithing of Stoke ... ... ... 18 8

From the tithing of Schirewill ... ... go

Tenths and Fifteenths. 25

[fol. 24.]
Hundred of Southmolton.

5. d.

From the tithing of Estansti ... ... 68

From the tithing of Tauton ... ... 49 o

From the tithing of Nyweport ... ,.. 68

From the tithing of Nywelond ... ... 13 3

From the tithing of Chytilhampton ... ... 19 2

From the tithing of West Ansty ... ... 70

From the tithing of Warkelegh ... ... 84

From the tithing of Wetston ... ... ig

From the tithing of Saterlegh ... ... 46

From the tithing of Blakpol ... ... 78

From the tithing of Westbray ... ... 40

From the tithing of Estbray ... ... 74

From the tithing of Bremilrig ... ... 30

From the tithing of Accote ... ... ... 60

From the tenants of the Dean of Exeter, from

Tauton and Swynbrigge 12

From the tithing of Nymet St. George ... 60

From the tithing of Knouston ... ... 46

From the tithing of Champeston ... ... 12

From the tithing of Stouford ... ... 36

From the hamlet of Rouwecomb ... ... 18

From the hamlet of Heae ... ... ... 2 6

From the hamlet of Schestrige ... ... 12

From the hamlet of Frenheton ... ... 60

From the hamlet of Yermsburgh ... ... 16

£8 12 5
[fol. 25.]

Hundred of Witherig.

s. d.

From the tithing of Morchard Cruwis ... ... 80

From the tithing of Rakerneford ... ... n o

From the tithing of Nymet Bishop's ... ... 22 8

From the tithing of Wetherigg ... ... 28 2

From the tithing of Meuschathe ... ... 53

From the tithing of Pourtyngton ... ... 7 o

From the tithing of Marinelegh ... ... 90

26 Tenths and Fifteenths.

s. d.

From the tithing of Onford ... ... ... 13 8

From the tithing of Stodlegh ... ... ... 13 2

From the tithing of Waschford ... ... 50

From the tithing of Wolfardisworth ... ... 16 6

From the tithing of King's Nymt ... ... 17 o

From the tithing of West wolfardis worth ... 10 o

From the tithing of Thelbrigge ... ... 76

From the tithing of Esse Rauf ... ... 13 o

From the tithing of Chedildon ... ... 43

From the tithing of Romandislegh ... ... 70

From the tithing of Chilmelegh ... ... 20 6

From the tithing of Estwolleryngton ... ... 24

£11 o 12
Hundred of Criditon.

s. d.

From the tithing of Norton ... ... ... 124

From the tithing of Smalbrok ... ... 77

From the tithing of Forde ... ... ... 46

From the tithing of Youforde ... ... 8 1 1

From the tithing of Rigge Bishop's ... ... 38

[fol. 26.]

From the tithing of Criditon ... ... 86

From the tithing of Kynwordlegh ... ... 34

From the tithing of Rouleston ... ... 84

From the tithing of Wolmiston ... ... 8 n

From the tenants of the fee of the canons ... 56

From the tithing of Colbrok ... ... 17 10

From the tithing of Southecote ... ... 18 9

From the tithing of Rigge Arundel ... ... 80

From the tithing of Wodelond ... ... 68

From the tithing of Knolle ... ... ... JI 4

From the tithing of Pyndislegh ... ... 50

From the tithing of Doderig ... ... 13 4

From the tithing of Hensthill ... ... 12 8

From the tithing of Youton ... ... ... 54

£S 10 6

Tenths and Fifteenths. 27

Hundred of Lyjton.

s. d.

From the tithing of Donterton ... ... 50

From the tithing of Sydynham Damarl ... 66

From the tithing of Bradiston ... ... 63

From the tithing of Stawe Seynt Marye ... 53

From the tithing of Thrisschelton ... ... 90

From the tithing of Kelly ... ... ... 29

From the tithing of Stouford ... ... 29

From the tithing of Ocampton .. ... 13 4^

From the tithing of Sourton ... ... ... 16 8

From the tithing of Brictistawe ... ... 16 8

From the tithing of Trenchard ... ... 60

From the tithing of Coriton ... ... ... 30

[fol. 27.]

From the tithing of Tavy St. Mary ... ... 76

From the tithing of Lamerton ... ... 20 o

From the tithing of Brodwode Wyger ... 10 o

From the tithing of Virginistaw with Tolleslo ... 34

From the tithing of Wyke Langeford ... ... 60

From the tithing of Bratton ... ... 20 o

£S o oj

Hundred of Blaketoriton.

s. d.

From the tithing of Blaketoriton ... ... 21 6

From the tithing of Heampton ... ... 90

From the tithing of Hatherlegh ... ... 31 8

From the tithing of Jacobestawe ... ... 76

From the tithing of Ekesborne ... ... 60

From the tithing of Brodwodkelly with Honi-

church ... ... 9 o

From the tithing of Cadkebeare ... ... 60

From the tithing of Inwardlegh ... ... 12 6

From the tithing of Ayschbyry ... ... 46

From the tithing of Lyu ... ... ... 19 o

From the tithing of Beworthe ... ... 70

From the tithing of Halgewill ... ... 9 o

From the tithing of Esse Water ... ... 31 8

From the tithing of Loghyncote ... ... 26

28 Tenths and Fifteenths.

s. d.

From the tithing of Worryngton ... ... 72 6

From the tithing of Tettecote ... ... 66

From the tithing of Clauton ... ... ... 21 8

FromthetithingofHolecom.be ... ... 2 10

From the tithing of Holdisworthi ... ... 21 8

[fol. 28.]

From the tithing of Cholesworthi ... ... 20

From the tithing of Pyworthi ... ... 20 o

From the tithing of Briggeruwell ... ... 96

From the tithing of Bradeworth with Wyke ... 49 6

From the tithing of Stottecomb ... ... 16 2

From the tithing of Potteford ... ... 13 4

From the hamlet of Bukyngton with Coltisworthi 2 o

From the tithing of Milton with Cokebyry ... 21 8

From the tithing of Thornbyry ... ... 96

From the tithing of Sampford with Belston ... 12 9

From the tithing of Bradeford ... ... 10 6

From the tithing of Northecote ... ... 20

From the tithing of Monkokampton ... ... 68

17 3

Hundred of Hertilonde.

s. d.

From the tithing of Ayschmanisworthi ... 19 2

From the tithing of Clovely ... ... ... 32 6

From the tithing of Stoke Nectan ... ... 10 6

From the tithing of Welcomb ... ... 80

From the tithing of Hols and Herdisworthi ... 5 3^

From the tithing of Hertilond ... ... 32 7 J

From the tithing of Yermscomb ... ... 15 7

£6 3 8

[fol. 29.]

Wynkelegh.

s. d.
From the tithing of Wynkelegh, which is the

whole hundred ... 42 5

(The sum is obvious.)

Tenths and Fifteenths. 29

Mollond.

s. d.
From the tithing of Mollond, which is the whole

hundred ... ... 40 o

(The sum is obvious.)

Tavistok.

s. d.
From the tithing of Tavistok, which is the whole

hundred ... ... ... 57 8

(The sum is obvious.)

Hundred of Northtauton.

s. d.

From the tithing of Boryngton ... ... 16 6

From the tithing of Womberlegh ... ... 42 o

From the tithing of Yedelcote ... ... 58

From the tithing of Aysch Regni ... ... 10 o

From the tithing of Ridilcomb ... ... 10 o

From the tithing of Eggeneford ... ... 5 o

From the tithing of Churlebeare ... ... 60

From the tithing of Duellond ... ... 6 8

From the tithing of Rayslegh ... ... 90

From the tithing of Hoke with Lutel Hantisford 2 6

[fol. 30.]
From the tithing of Duelton ... ... 90

From the tithing of Chalvelegh ... ... 20 o

From the tithing of Wemmeworth ... ... 80

From the tithing of Cok Burnel ... ... 46

From the tithing of Northtauton ... ... 19 o

From the tithing of Nymt Rolond ... ... n 10

From the tithing of Nymt Tracy ... ... 20 o

From the tithing of Affeton ... ... ... 60

From the tithing of Sele and Doune ... ... 16 o

From the tithing of Nymt Nichol ... ... 40

From the tithing of Nymt Bordevyle ... ... 10 o

From the tithing of Cloneburgh Walston and

Thorne ... ... 4 6

From the tithing of Colrig ... ... ... 68

From the tithing of Lappeford ... ... 90

From the tithing of Bonelegh ... ... 10 6

12 4

30 Tenths and Fifteenths.

Hundred of Braunton.

s. d.

From the tithing of Westbokelond ... ... 60

From the tithing of Bery ... ... ... 15 6

From the tithing of Estagynton ... ... 74

From the tithing of Churchill ... ... 57

From the tithing of Merwode ... ... 68

From the tithing of Bracton ... ... ... 170

From the tithing of Bokelond Dynham ... u o

From the tithing of Ilfardicomb ... ... 20 o

From the tithing of Bradeford ... ... 12 i

From the tithing of Comb Martyn ... ... 15 6

From the tithing of Ralegh ... ... ... 12 6

[fol. 31.]

From the tithing of Beare ... ... ... 60

From the tithing of Estbokelond ... ... 60

From the tithing of Lyncomb ... ... 13 10

From the tithing of West Doune ... ... 14 4

From the tithing of Bradewill ... ... 19 o

From the tithing of Est Doune ... ... 90

From the tithing of Morthoo ... ... 56

From the tithing of Burgh Breton ... ... 36

From the tithing of Westhagynton ... ... 66

From the tithing of Cridehoo ... ... 21 o

From the tithing of Kentisbyry ... ... 56

From the tithing of Saunton ... ... 22 o

From the tithing of Aysford ... ... ... 106

From the tithing of Lobbe ... ... ... 94

From the tithing of Godelegh ... ... 86

From the tithing of Fillegh ... ... ... 5 10

From the tithing of Pillond ... ... ... 96

From the tithing of Haunton ... ... 27 6

From the tithing of Whitefeld ... ... 90

From the tithing of Pilton ... ... ... 68

From the tithing of Wyddon ... ... 20

From the tithing of Mollecote ... ... 18

From the tithing of Forse ... ... ... 12

From the hamlet of Ellewill ... ... ... 3

From the hamlet of Southlegh ... ... 3

From the hamlet of Medcomb ... 20

Tenths and Fifteenths. 31

s. d.
From the hamlet of Bremillond ... ... 3

From the hamlet of Estohillefenne 12

[fol. 32.]

Hundred of Baunton.

s. d.

From the tithing of Baunton ... ... 38 3

From the tithing of Peacton ... ... ... 100

From the tithing of Cleyhangre with Doniston ... 16 2

From the tithing of Dokke worth ... ... 13 4

From the tithing of Holecomb ... ... - 45 o

From the tithing of Burlescomb ... ... 3 o

From the tithing of Morbathe ... ... n &

£6 17 6
From the tithing of Ufcomlp (sic) which is the

whole hundred ... ... 61 2

(The sum is obvious.)

Hundred of Harry gg.

s. d.

From the tithing of Thurverton ... ... 18 4

From the tithing of Cadebury ... ... 40

From the tithing of Cadelegh ... ... 4 10

From the tithing of Alrepeverel ... ... 14 i

From the tithing of Bikelegh ... ... 50

From the tithing of Oppexe North Exe(NytherExe) 10 o

From the tithing of Silferton ... ... n 4

From the tithing of Colompton ... ... 26 8

From the tithing of Pontisford ... ... 60

From the tithing of Plymtru ... ... 34

From the tithing of Wodebeare ... ... 60

From the tithing of Carswill ... ... 3 6

From the tithing of Kenticbeare ... ... 10 o

[fol. 33.]

From the tithing of Taleton ... ... 176

From the tithing of Pay hembury ... ... n 6

From the tithing of Sildon ... ... ... 13 4

From the tithing of Finaton ... ... ... 10 6

32 Tenths and Fifteenths.

s. d.

From the tithing of Brodehembury ... ... 20 8

From the tithing of Monkecolmp ... ... 14 6

From the tithing of Bradenynch ... ... 23 o

From the tithing of Lottekishele ... ... 20

From the tithing of Uppeton Wever ... ... 34

£11 19 i

Hundred of Colrigge.

s. d.

From the tithing of Hurberton ... ... 57 o

From the tithing of Ayspryngton ... ... 126

From the tithing of Corne worth ... ... 18 o

From the tithing of Didisham ... ... 15 o

From the tithing of Blakeaveton ... ... 40 o

From the tithing of Stoke Flemyng ... ... 20 3

From the tithing of Slapton ... ... 18 o

From the tithing of Malston and Kynedon ... 78

From the tithing of Dodebrok ... ... 12 6

From the tithing of Churleton ... ... 31 8

From the tithing of North Pole ... ... 14 2

From the tithing of South Pole and Cleveston ... 13 4

From the tithing of Portelmouth ... ... 47

[fol. 34.]

From the tithing of Pral and Godishaltre ... 12 9

From the tithing of Schirford ... ... 10 o

From the manor of Stokenhamme ... ... 51 8

From the hamlet of Wodmanston ... ... 26

From the hamlet of Grymiston de Legh ... 43

From the tithing of Norton Daune ... ... 92

From the township of Dertemouth ... ... 50 o

Hundred of Ermyngton.

s. d.

From the tithing of Ermyngton ... ... 25 o

From the tithing of Worthele ... ... 20 6

From the tithing of Cornwode ... ... 9 6

From the tithing of Boterford ... ... 7 6

From the tithing of Albaton ... ... ... 25 o

From the tithing of Batikisburgh ... ... 13 4

Tenths and Fifteenths. 33

s. d.

From the tithing of Lamside ... ... 16 8

From the tithing of Nyweton Ferrers ... ... 22 10

From the tithing of Hoggeburgh ... ... 28 4

From the tithing of Dunsteston ... ... 68

From the tithing of Ferdell ... ... ... 1510

From the tithing of Herforde ... ... 10 o

From the tithing of Lodebroke ... ... 25 o

From the tithing of Esse Abbot ... ... 15 6

From the tithing of Loperig ... ... 7 o

From the tithing of Hethfeld ... ... 26 8

From the tithing of Auton Giffard ... ... 26 8

[fol. 350

From the tithing of Stodbary ... ... 40

From the tithing of Modbury ... ... 49 i

From the tithing of Ridmore "... ... 17 o

From the tithing of Kingiston ... ... 20 o

From the tithing of Bykebiry ... ... 20 o

From the tithing of Langeford ... ... 35 o

From the tithing of Payneston ... ... 20

From the tithing of Killebury ... ... 50

From the tithing of Flute Damarle ... ... 68

£23 o 10
Hundred of Estbuddelegh.

s. d.

From the tithing of Note will ... ... 70

From the tithing of Strete ... ... ... 32

From the tithing of Rokebere ... . 80

From the tithing of Sydebury ... ... 51 8

From the tithing of Lytelham ... ... 26 o

From the tithing of Harpeford ... ... 13 4

From the tithing of Holebrok ... ... 14 4

From the tithing of Wodebiry ... ... 25 o

From the tithing of Limeston ... ... 10 o

From the tithing of Daldich ... ... 66

From the tithing of Ay lesbeare .. ... n 6

From the tithing of Heghis ... ... ... 40

From the tithing of Widecombe ... ... 83

From the tithing of Merch ... ... ... 8 o

34 Tenths and Fifteenths.

[fol. 36.] s. d.

From the tithing of Clist St. George ... ... 96

From the tithing of Clyst St. Marie ... ... 48

From the tithing of Gedisham ... ... 12 o

From the tithing of Bishop's Clist ... ... 80

From the tithing of Clist Honyton ... ... 43

From the tithing of Saltecomb ... ... 23 4

From the tithing of Coleton ... .. n 6

From the manor of Otryngton ... ... 4 16 8

From the hamlet of Radeweye Abbot's ... 18

£iS 8 2

From the tithing of Northmolton which is the whole s. d.

hundred ... ... 45 o

(The sum is obvious.)

Hundred of Axntynstre.

s. d.

From the tithing of Yartecomb ... ... 26 o

From the tithing of Mousbury ... ... 95

From the tithing of Rouerigg ... ... 13 10

From the tithing of Comb ... ... ... 84

From the tithing of Kilmeton ... ... 14 o

From the tithing of Thornecombe ... ... *5 o

From the tithing of Otery Moun ... ... 21 8

From the township of Uplym ... ... 13 6

From the hamlet of Tril ... ... ... 2 o

From the tithing of Wycroft Smalrigg and Est-

menbury ... ... 68

From the tithing of Churleton ... ... 20

[fol. 37.]

From the manor of Honyton ... ... 68

£6 18 9

Hundred of Axemouth.

s. d.
From the tithing of Axemouth ... ... 26 8

From the tithing of Mousbury ... ... 30

From the tithing of Broklond and Tril ... 12

Tenths and Fifteenths. 35

From the tithing of Combe Pyn and Combe f. d.

Umfravyle ... ... 9 o

From the tithing of Doune Raf ... ... 78

47 4
Hundred of Wonford.

s. d.

From the tithing of Combe in tynhide ... 15 9

From the tithing of Recomb Hugh ... ... 14

From the tithing of Stoke in tynhyde ... ... 13 4

From the tithing of Ridemore ... ... 13 o

From the tithing of Alphyngton ... ... 19 o

From the tithing of Cowyk and Crystenestowe ..." 30 o

From the tithing of Spray tone ... ... 18

From the tithing of Ricford ... ... ... 21

From the tithing of Pynne ... ... ... 14 o

From the tithing of Holebem ... ... 18

From the tithing of Donsford ... ... 8 i

From the tithing of Braunford Spek ... ... 34

From the tithing of Couelegh ... ... 2 10

From the tithing of Eggebere .:. ... 30

[fol. 38-]

From the tithing of Rewe ... ... ... 53

From the tithing of Hutonyslegh ... ... 26

From the tithing of Hoxham ... ... 20

From the tithing of West Woggewell ... ... 18

From the tithing of Wonford and Halford ... 10 o

From the tithing of La [m] pford ... ... 40

From the tithing of Poltimor with Clist Moys ... 96

From the tithing of Polslo ... ... ... 10 9

From the tithing of Stoke Canon ... ... 8 n

From the tithing of Clyst Fomyron ... ... 34

From the tithing of Ryngeswill ... ... 2 6

From the tithing of Hevetri ... ... ... 3 6

From the tithing of Hethe ... ... ... 29

From the tithing of Whyttiston ... ... 36

From the tithing of Holecombe ... ... 7 o

From the tithing of Brideford ... ... 70

From the manor of Toppesham ... ... 13 6

From the hamlet of Foleford ... ••• 20

From the tithing of Churiton ... ... 18

36 Tenths and Fifteenths.

5. d.

From the tithing of Westclifford ... ... 38

From the tithing of Estclifford ... ... 24

From the tithing of Fursham ... ... 15

From the tithing of Chagheford ... ... 12

From the tithing of Thourlegh ... ... 67

From the tithing of Fayrwode ... ... 68

From the tithing of Teyngton Dabernon ... 3 10

From the tithing of Tettebourne .... ... 26

[fol. 39.]

From the hamlet of Droscomb with Roggebrok 21

From the tithing of Hakeworthy ... ... 12

From the tithing of Hywysch ... ... 29

From the tithing of Melhywysch ... ... 26

From the tithing of Middellond ... ... 36

From the tithing of Teyng Hervy ... ... 3 °

From the tithing of Estewogge well ... ... 80

From the hamlet of Schilston ... ... 3

From the hamlet of Siggeford ... ... 18

From the tithing of Horrigge ... ... 9

From the hamlet of Rocomb Cadiho ... ... 23

From the tithing of Burgh ... ... ... 20

From the tithing of Baggetogre ... ... 15

From the tithing of Braunford Pyn ... ... 36

From the tithing of Heghes ... ... ... 18

From the tithing of Stevenyston ... ... 7 o

From the tithing of Stapelhull ... ... 18

Cities and Boroughs.

£ s. d.

From the city of Exon ... ... ... 18 6 2

From the borough of Totton ... ... ... 4 3 10

From the borough of Clist Dertemouth ... no o

From the borough of Dodebrok ... ... 21 8

From the borough of Kyngisbrigge ... ... 35 o

From the borough of Aysperton ... ... 33 5i

[fol. 40.]

From the borough of Plympton ... ... 43 4

From the borough of Sotton Prior ... ... 12 o o

Tenths and Fifteenths.

From the
From the
From the
From the
From the
From the
From the
From the
From the
From the
From the
From the

borough of
borough of
borough of
borough of
borough of
borough of
borough of
borough of
borough of
borough of
borough of
borough of

Tavistok

Lydeford

Okampton

Bediford

Toriton

Barnestaple

Southmolton

Critton

Tuverton

Bradnynch

Honeton

Modbyry

37

s. d.

4 10 o

n 8

16 4

60 o

78 7

970

62 8^

40 6|

20 o

28 4

28 4

35 o

£79

Also Ancient Demesnes.

From the ancient demesne of Southtauton ...

From the ancient demesne of Schestebeare ...

From the ancient demesne of Otri St. Marie ...
From the ancient demesne of Southteyng ...

From the ancient demesne of B udelegh, Feno tery

and Brodham ...

From the ancient demesne of Axmynstre Menbury
From the ancient demesne of Lyfton ... ...

From the ancient demesne of Exilond ... ...

From the ancient demesne of Kenton ... ...

[foi. 4i.]

From the ancient demesne of Braunton ... ...

From the ancient demesne of Northham ... ...

£ s. d.
4 9 o

58 o
10 o o

200

113 10

50 o

20 o

40 o

4 n 8

4 6 8
500^

Sum total of the aforesaid moiety
of fifteenths and tenths

Thereof

fifteenths

19
I7S' 6d'

£ s. d.
356 6 4
I2O „ 2

[fol. 42 blank.]
[fol. 43.J

38 Proclamation against Lollards.

[PART III.]
[proclamation against Xollatfcs.]

To the Sheriff of Devon as to the proclamation to be made by
the King ['s order] against heretics and Lollards, as appears
below.

Henry by the grace of God King of England and France
and lord of Ireland to the Sheriff of Devon greeting.
Forasmuch as quite recently it hath come to our knowledge
that certain satellites of antichrist not having God before
their eyes heretics vulgarly called Lollards not being minded
to favour or assist but with intent to destroy the Catholic
Church and its faith and position and ministers as also
ourselves and the nobles of our kingdom and generally all
others by their heresies, errors and false dogmas, scheming
to subvert and destroy the laws and statutes of our
Kingdom and all spiritual and temporal polity and the whole
state and to disperse the possessions and goods of others and
apply to their own uses, have lately at the instigation of
their father the devil composed and caused to be written
divers bills and false and seditious writings containing some
things contrary to catholic faith and teaching in which by
way of seducing simple minded men of the people to their
minds and getting their good will for themselves they insert
some things at first sight plausible, and have posted, affixed
and spread abroad the same in divers parts of cities, boroughs
and principal townships of the same our Kingdom where
the greatest concourse of the people is wont to take place
in order to publish to the people and convert falsely damnably
and knavishly and do not cease or fear daily thus to write
to post, to affix and to spread abroad to the grievous offence
of the lord's majesty and to the scorn of the Christain faith
and to the disturbance of the Kingdom and our peace and the
injury and contempt of ourselves and all Christ's faithful.
We therefore giving heed that we do not bear the sword with-
out cause but specially and above all things for the protection
and defence of the catholic faith and the republic and
Kingdom and our people to wit for the punishment of evil
doers but for the praise of the good, not being minded nor
able to leave unpunished the damnable and horrible knavery

Proclamation against Lollards. 39

of the aforesaid heretics, lollards as also enemies and foes
of God and ourselves and the whole republic as also dis-
turbers of God's and our peace, but to oppose their malicious
ways with armed zeal for vengeance of the said enemies
and with entire spirit and to punish them according to their
most grievous deserts Do by advice and assent of our
council enjoin upon you on behalf of God and ourselves
as firmly as we are able that immediately on viewing
these presents you cause public proclamation to be made
on our behalf in all hundreds and places within the
aforesaid county within the liberties and without
wherever you shall deem most expedient that all and
singular of whatsoever state and degree or condition they
may be when they call to mind having read any bills of
this kind of which mention has been made above and
generally whatsoever diffamatory, seditious or disturbing to
our peace or if they have any such at home, that they do
forthwith and immediately without further communication of
the same break them and each one of them tear into small
bits or burn, pointing out to them that whoever should
do otherwise or in future not carry out this our injunction
and mandate he shall be taken and held for the maker and
author of the bill of this kind until he shall have found and
exposed the author or maker. Furthermore do you make
public proclamation on our behalf that whoever shall have
taken up a person who may have written any seditious bill
of this kind or have affixed in whatever place, spread abroad
or presumed to communicate and shall have convicted him
thereof before us or our council and proved him guilty,
shall without fail receive and have 20 pounds from us for
his labour and also the half part of all the goods of him
so taken up and convicted. Now we give to you and to
all and singular our liegemen as well officials as to others
whomsoever full and sufficient authority and power to
arrest and take up the writers communicators, spreaders
abroad or affixers of bills of this kind and their aiders as also
the tellers of seditious fables and rumours seeing that they
might move our people or probably disturb our peace, and to
bring them and each one of them to our nearest gaol or
before ourselves and our council there to make answer con-
cerning the premises and to do and receive what by us or

40 Proclamation against Lollards.

our council may happen to be ordained. Witness Humfrey
duke of Gloucester guardian of England at Westm [inster]
the 1 3th day of May in the gth year of our reign

by the council

WYMBYSSH.
[fol. 44.]

[Gbe SbettfTs proclamation*]

For as moche as hyt hath come newlych to the notyse
and knowlych of owre Soverayne and lege lord the Kynge
and hys consayF that certayn disciplis of the devel heretykys
Lollardys in commyn spekyng ycallyd ymagenyne and
wyllyng wyth here heresyys herrors and false techyngys
and lore to destrue and over torne alle holy church and
the fayth and the state and the servantys of holy church.
And alle so to destrue owre forsaydyn lege lord the Kyng
and the lordys of the reme and generally alle thaym that
wolle noght faver and obey to hyre cursyd and evell entent.
And alle so to destrue the lawys and statutys of thys reme.
And alle so to destrue and over alle the gode governanns
spirituall and temperall And the comyn avantage and
profete of thys londe and alle so to take and to a plye
and putte to thaym sylve And here owne use othere
mennys possessyonys and godys, and thys entent havyth
wrytyn false and evel steryng and the bateful bullys and
wrytyngys contaynyng many contrary thyngys to the fayth
and doctryne of God and holy church yn the wyche bullys
thay havyn inellyd sum thyngys luste and playsyng as hyt
semyth to the furst syght for to be gyle the comyn pepell and
sympel menne. And to drawe the rather to here entent the
wyllys of the forsaydyn pepell. And these same bullys
cursydly and falsely and dampnabely thay have putte and
hongyd and cast thaym in diverse placys of cytys burgagys
and townys of thys lond to publyse and comene the same
bullys to the pepell. And fro day to day thay wrytyns and
doyns to be y wryte leke bullys hongyng thaym uppe and
cast thaym forthe into grete offense of Godde and scornnyng
and slawndryng of the fayth of holy church. And in
trobelyng of the reme and the pese of the same. Whar for

reme«*realm, heress=their, over alle=overhaul, bullys=bills,
comyn=common.

Proclamation against Lollards. 41

owre lege lord the Kyng wyllyng to chaste alle maner soche
cursyd pepell by the vyse of hys consayle hotyth and
commondyth that every man and woman of wath what degre
or condycion they be of that fyndyth other redyth any suche
bullys in specyall and alle so in generalle other sclawnderyng
other trobelyng bullys of the pese other yf any man have any
such bull in speciall or in generall to hym sylve ware that a
nou wyth owte any delay and forthermore convienyng he
breke ham and rente ham in to small gobettys other
branne ham. And ho so ever doyth contrary to the forsaydyn
commoundement of our lege lord and full fyllyth nogth hys
commoundementys in thys thyngys forsayde he schal be
otterly holde and y take as for awter and maker of suche
bulle in to the tyme that he may fynde and brynge forthe the
maker of the bulle. And forthermore owre lege lord the
Kynge by the vyse of hys consayle wolle that whatever
person takyth any manne other woman that hath wryte any
suche forsayde bull other any place hongyth thaym uppe
other cast thaym forth other ellys talkyth other comenyth of
thaym and convyctyth thaym there of be fore owre Kynge
other hys consayl and pryvyth hym gylty there yn he schal
have £20 of golde of owre lege lord the King and halvyndell
of alle hys godys that ys so take convycted and fownde gylty.

[fol. 45.]

[B&warfc 353»'s Confirmation of tbe privileges of tbe
GitB of Bjeter*

(Copy received from the Prior of St. Nicholas, Exeter.)

Edward [III.] by the grace of God King of -England
lord of Ireland and duke of Aquitaine to Archbishops,
Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, Justices, sheriffs,
reeves, ministers and to all his bailiffs and liegemen greet-
ing. We have viewed a charter of confirmation which
lord E[dward II.] of famous memory sometime King of
England our father made to the citizens of Exeter in these
words : Edward by the grace of God King of England
lord of Ireland and duke of Aquitaine to Archbishops,
Bishops, Priors, Abbots, Earls, Barons, Justices, sheriffs,

other=or, gobet=mouthful, vyse=advice, nogth=not,
hoteth=calleth.

42 Confirmation of Charters.

reeves, ministers and to all his bailiffs and liegemen
greeting. We have viewed a charter of confirmation
which lord Edward [I.] of good memory sometime King
of England our grandfather made to our citizens of
Exeter worded as follows : Edward by the grace of God
King of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Aquitaine to
Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons,
Justices, sheriffs, reeves, ministers and all his Bailiffs and
liegemen greeting. We have viewed a charter of con-
firmation which lord Henry [II.*] of good memory some-
time King of England our greatgrandfather made to our
citizens of Exeter thus worded : Henry by the grace of
God King of England and duke of Normandy and Aqui-
taine and Count of Anjou (Andagavie) to the Bishop of
Exeter and the Barons French and English greeting. Be
it known to you that I have granted to all my citizens
of Exeter all the good customs which they held in the
time of King Henry [I.] my grandfather barring all bad
customs introduced since my grandfather ['s time.] And
be it known that they have the customs of London, for
so witness before me my Barons of London themselves, as
freely, honourably and rightly as they ever best had them
in my grandfather's time. Witness etc. [End of Charter
of Henry II.] We [Edward I.] have also viewed a
charter of confirmation which lord Henry [III.] of
famous memory sometime King of England our father
made to the same citizens thus worded : Henry by the
grace of God King of England, lord of Ireland, duke of
Normandy and Aquitaine and Count of Anjou to Arch-
bishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, Justices,
sheriffs, reeves, ministers and all his Bailiffs and liegemen
greeting. Be it known to you that we have viewed a
charter of lord John the King our father which he made
to all the citizens of Exeter in these words : John by the
grace of God King of England, lord of Ireland, duke of

•Note that this King does not call himself " Lord of Ireland," and all
the Kings from John to Henry VIII., both inclusive, gave themselves that
title. See also the other copy, fol. 65, which shews that two of the wit-
nesses were Reginald, Earl of Cornwall and "Thomas Chancellor."
Reg. de Dunstanville became Earl in 1140, while Becket held the Great
Seal 1154-62.

Confirmation oj Charters. 43

Normandy and Aquitaine and Count of Anjou to Arch-
bishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, Justices,
sheriffs and all his Bailiffs and liegemen greeting. Be it
known to you that we have granted to our citizens of
Exeter all the good customs which they had in the time
of King Henry [I.] our greatgrandfather barring all bad
customs introduced since our greatgrandfather. And be
it known to you that we have the customs of London
as the charter of King Henry our father reasonably
witnesses. We are minded also and straightly enjoin
and by this our present charter confirm that the same our
citizens be quit of toll (theoloneum), passage and bridge dues
(pontagium) as well by land as by water, as well in fairs
as in markets, of all secular service and custom through-
out all our lands within sea and oversea and throughout
all our dominion which King Richard our brother granted
to them so far as concerns the King. And we forbid any
one in respect thereof to do force or harm to them or to
cause trouble and annoyance over our forfeiture. Further-
more we grant to them of our gift that they be quit of
lastage and stallage throughout all our land so far as in
us lies. Witness etc. [End of John's Charter.] We
[Henry III.] therefore holding valid and good the grants
of the aforesaid John our father and the grants of
King H [enry II.] our grandfather and of King Richard
our uncle (avunculi) which have been mentioned in the
aforesaid charter do for ourselves and our heirs grant
and by this our present charter confirm according as
the charters of the aforesaid Kings of England our
predecessors which they possess reasonably witness. Wit-
ness etc. [End of Charter of Henry III.] We [Edward I.]
therefore holding the aforesaid grants and confirmations
good and binding for ourselves and our heirs do grant
and confirm to the aforesaid citizens and their suc-
cessors so far as in us lies according as the aforesaid
charters reasonably witness. Moreover we have granted
to the same citizens for ourselves and our heirs that them-
selves and their successors citizens of the same city shall
for ever be quit of murage and pannage throughout our
whole realm and dominion. And that albeit themselves
may not have hitherto used the liberties and customs

44 Confirmation of Charters.

contained and expressed in the said charter [so as] to approve
them, nevertheless they may fully and peacefully enjoy and
use the same liberties and customs for the future through-
out all our realm and dominion without let or hindrance
from us or our heirs, sheriffs or other bailiffs and ministers
of ours whomsoever; these being witnesses etc. \End of

[fol. 46.]

Charter of Edward /.] Now we [Edward II.] holding
the aforesaid grants and confirmations good and valid
do for ourselves and our heirs so far as in us lies
grant and confirm the same to the aforesaid citizens and
their successors according as the aforesaid charters reason-
ably witness. Furthermore being minded to bestow a still
wider favour on the aforesaid citizens by the fine which
they have made with us we have granted to them for our-
selves and our heirs that albeit themselves or their pre-
decessors may not hitherto have made use of the above
written liberties or of some one of them for some time past,
yet they and their heirs and successors in that city shall
nevertheless enjoy and use the rest of those liberties and
each one of them without let or hindrance from ourselves
or our heirs or our ministers whomsoever. Moreover by
the aforesaid fine we have granted for ourselves and our
heirs and by this charter we confirm the betterment of the
said city and the convenience of our citizens of the same
city that they may the more peaceably devote themselves
to their business matters that no one of them shall plead
or be impleaded before us or our heirs or any justices of
ourselves and our heirs outside the aforesaid city in respect
of lands or tenements which are within the aforesaid city
or its suburbs or in respect of transgressions or contracts
or other matters whatsover done or arising within the same
city and suburbs but all such pleas which may happen to
be summoned before ourselves or our heirs or any of our
justices of the bench (de banco) or others or may be attached
for trial outside the aforesaid city and suburbs shall be tried
and ended before the mayor and Bailiffs for the time being
within the said city unless such pleas should affect us or
our heirs or ministers or the well-being of the aforesaid
city. And that they be not placed with outside men on
assizes, juries or any inquisitions which by reason of

Confirmation of Charters. 45

tenements or trespasses or other outside business of any
kind whatsoever come to be made before justices or other
ministers of ourselves or our heirs. Nor that outside men
be placed with citizens themselves on assizes juries or any
kind of inquisitions which by reason of land or tenement
lying within the same city and suburbs or of trespasses,
contracts or other inside business matters come up to be
held, but that such assizes, juries and inquisitions concern-
ing matters which have come up within the said city and
suburbs shall only be formed of citizens of the same city
within the same city unless the matters themselves touch
us or our heirs or the well-being of the said city. And that
in pleas arising within the aforesaid city and suburbs they
shall not be dealt with by outsiders but only by their
fellow-citizens unless the matters touch us or our heirs or
our ministers or the well-being of the aforesaid city. And
that the citizens of the aforesaid city and their heirs and
their successors citizens of that city shall be for ever quit
of murage, panage, picage, anchorage, standage and segeage
for all their effects and merchandise throughout the whole
realm and dominion, these being witnesses etc. [End of
Charter of Edward //.] Now we [Edward III.] holding the
aforesaid concessions and confirmations good and valid do
for ourselves and our heirs so far as in us lies grant and
confirm the same to the aforesaid citizens and their suc-
cessors according as the aforesaid charters reasonably
witness. Given at Eltham the ist day of March in the 3rd
year of [our*] reign.

[fol. 47 to 52 blank.]
[fol. 53.]

[PART IV.]

Clear information for making up the Exchequer Account

in each Term of the year.

Rents and returns of churches and manors of the Dean
and Chapter of the cathedral church of Exeter in Devon and
Cornwall and elsewhere as appears below.

£ s- d.
Bampton rents yearly ... ... ... 42 o o

* Assuming that H is a copyist's error for N[ostri],

46

Exeter Chapter Terrier.

Braunscomb
Upotery

£ 5. d.

70 o o
16 o o

£ s. d.
- 86 o o

Saltecombe and Southwille
Chevelyston ...

46 o o '

40 o i

L 48 o o

Sidebury

...

70 o o

Colmpstoke ...
Bokerel

44 o o

12 0 0

56 o o

Thurverton

...

27 10 o >

Rents from

Allere

50 o

46 o o

Colbrok

... ... ...

16 o o .

Coliton

... ... ...

46 13 4

Sancred
Piran

...

15 o 16
26 o o

89 6 o

Rents at St. Piran

3i 4 J

Stoke

...

15 0 0 N

Wynnoc

... ...

15 18 8

O r>

*Uvel [St.Eval]

17 o o

42 18 8

Egloscruk

...

12 0 0 {

Clysthyneton

13 o o

Hurberton

...

33 6 8

77 6 8

Constantyn

... ... ...

26 o o

77 u o

Rents from

Methelegh

100 0 >

[fol. 54.]

Ide ...

16 o o v

Rents from

Halscombe

24 o

Littelham

...

18 13 4

60 4 o

Alternon

...

15 o o

Wenepp

...

9 6 8 )

Norton

20 0 0

t Rents from Yndecote ...

30 o

Toppysham

...

968

70 6 8

Elerky

...

21 0 0

Wynkelegh

... ... ...

20 0 0 /

St. Sativola

with Hevytre

...

40 o o

Staverton

...

59 6 4 N

Rents from

John de Esse

4

60 o o

Rents from

Leghe Prodhom

I3 4 J

* This entry is crossed out and words added which, so far as I
can make out, run : Quia per se ad obitum . . . et Cantariam T. Bitton.

fThis entry in the margin is also crossed out and the words
added : Quia per se.

Exeter Chapter Terrier. 47

Doulisch ... ... ... 64 o o

Teyngmouth ... .... ... 1600

£ s. d.
Si 2 o

Rents from Low ... ... 40

Rents from Langheden ... 18 o

Ayschperton ... ... ... ... 24 o o

Also from certain tithes which the nuns

of Polslo have been wont [to pay to]

the Pope ... ... ... 40 o

Wydecombe ... 22 o o )

TT i r 3o o o

Hembury ... ... ... 16 o o j

Seynt mari churche ... ... ... 44 o o

Total ... ... 977 4 o

Whereof for every fourth of a year ... 244 6 o

[fol. 55.]

Pensions of churches and vicars to be accounted for in each

term of the year as appears in the Exchequer Account

are the following : —

s. d.
From the church of Westdoune in each term

by way of pension... 16 8

From the church of Dounsforde ... ... 13 4

From the church of Trevalga ... ... 15

From the Prior of Plympton for Penbrok ... 20 o

From the vicar of Sydebury ... ... 68

From the three vicars of Bampton between

them ... ... ... ... 50 o

From the chapel of St. Petroc, Exeter ... 40

From the chapel of St. Mary major Exeter 5 o

From the chapel of St. Martin ... ... 6

From the chapel of St. Michael within the

Dean's dwelling ... 4

From the chapel of Holy Trinity ... ... 6

From the chapel of St. Reran ... ... 6

From the chapel of St. Mary of the arches ... 12
From the chapel of All Hallows on the walls

of the city of Exeter 3

From the chapel of St. John of the arches ... 6

From the chapel of St. Leonard next Exeter 3

48 Exeter Chapter Terrier.

From the pension of the vicar of the church s. d.

of Ayschperton ... 28 8

From the pension of the vicar of the church

of Alternon ... 10 o

From the Oxford scholars for the glebe of
St. Wynner appropriated
to Stapeldon Halle ... 6

Ll 19 II
[fol. 56-]

Item from a certain rent to be reckoned and charged in
each term in the Exchequer account as appears following : —

The Exeter rent is now reckoned at the end of the
year in the income and used to be reckoned in each term
of the year because it is sometimes more and sometimes

less.

s. d.

From the rent of Houndebrigge and Los-
combe by Doulysch
each term ... 5 °

From the rent of Knyghton in the parish of

Morchard Bishop's n 8

From the rent of Yundecote by Norton ... 76

From the rent of Est mortho ... ... 50

From the rent of Fremantel ... ... 20

31 2

Rents of houses of dignitaries and canons of Exeter in each
term of the year as appears below.

s. d.
From the Dean's house for the obit of Serlo

sometime Dean of Exeter

besides 4d. from the chapel of

St. Michael situated in the same 2 6

From the Precentor's house ... ... 126

From the Chancellor's house for the obit of

Baret sometime chancellor ... 26

From the Penitentiary's house ... ... 12 6

From the Arch [deacon] of Cornwall's house

with stable, per John Gorewill 15 6

Exeter Chapter Terrier. 49

s. d.
From the Arch [deacon] of Exeter's house ... 15 o

[fol. 57.]
From the house of master Baldewyn Schyl-

lyngforde ... 10 10

From the house of Thomas Barton ... 10 o

From the house of Thomas Redman ... 10 10

From the house of master Martin Archede-

kene ... ... 15 o

From the house of master Walter Gybbys ... 10 o

From the house lately master John Lugans'

not occupied ... 10 o

From the house sometime Nassington's

occupied by Pounde-

stoke ... ... 13 4

From the house lately master John Cheyny's 1 1 8

£7 I2 2

Memorandum that the rent of the houses of J. Cheyny
and J. Lugans is first charged among the aforesaid rents
at the term of our Lord's nativity in the year of our
Lord 1408, and it is necessary to deduct it from the income
at the end of the year until they are occupied.

Item rents of houses and chambers in the close.

s. d.

From the now occupied house next the dwell-
ing of master Baldewin Schillyngforde 6 8

From the succentor's house next the

choristers' house ... ... ... 15

From the house of sir Richard Skynner next

the house lately master John Cheyny's ... 39

From houses next the church of St. Petroc
Exeter which master John Westecote
rector there and master Robert Lyng-
ham rector of the church of Blessed Mary
major now occupy ... ... ... 7 o

From the house of sir John Chaddeslegh

annuellar ... ... ... ... 26

[foi. 58.]

From the house of sir Mathew Stoke under

the roof of Chadeslegh's house ... 26

E

50 Exeter Chapter Terrier.

From the bouse aforetime of J. Doune within s. d.

the said houses occupied by Nicholas
Fytzherberd ... ... ... 26

From an upper chamber in which John

Holond dwells ... ... ... 2 6

From a chamber under that chamber inhabited

by J. Wygware ... ... ... 20

From a new chamber of John Bryt's next the
church of St. Martin on the north side
of the same ... ... ... 20

From the other chamber there occupied by

J. Hulle chaplain ... ... ... 20

From a chamber of William Syward chaplain

in the house called Bractynysentre ... #

From one other chamber there occupied by
Henry Colyn secondary

From a new upper chamber next the said
house called Brantynysentre occupied by
John Uppexe chaplain ... ... 20

From the other upper chamber in the same

place occupied by the rector of Stodlegh 2 o

From one chamber under the same chambers
occupied by James Carslegh proctor of
the Consistory Court of Exeter ... i

From one other lower chamber occupied by
Robert rector of Ayscheton [Robert
Belet became rector of Ashton in 1404] 20

From a chamber of sir Thomas Spore in
the alley next the house of sir Thomas
Redman ... ... ... ... 15

From the chamber of sir John Etewell in

the same place ... ... ... 15

From the chamber of sir John Tayllour in

the same alley ... ... ... 10

From an upper chamber in a high house in
the same alley occupied by sir Walter
Marker chaplain of Bishop Edmund ... 20

From a chamber there under the same upper
chamber occupied by John Brygge
keeper (custos) of the church ... .. 18

Exeter Chapter Terrier. 51

From the chapel of William Wilford's house *• d.

within the close ... ... ... 6

[fol. 59].

From a house next the church of St. Petroc
and within the house of Roger Golde
occupied by the same Roger ... ... 30

From a new house of the annuellar of
lord Thomas Brantyngham Bishop in
the Kalendarhay ... ... ... 6

Total at the term of the Lord's nativity 1408 53 o

Note that every prebend consists yearly of £^ for [each]
of the 24 canons, which would be £"96, and they are settled
annually for 24 vicars of the choir for ^"24, to wit for each
one's labour 20 shillings a year. The sum of them alto-
gether amounts to ^120, of which one-fourth part would be
^"30, which sum ought to be entered in the account of
the Exchequer roll in each term of the year.

Ordinary expenses in each term of the year to be
charged and paid in each account.

s. d.

To the Prioress and nuns of Polslo for
divers tithes of the sheaf at Aysperton
from time of old every fourth of a year... 20 o

To the Prior of St. Nicholas, Exeter, for
certain tithes at Stoke due to them from
time of old every term ... ... 5

To the Vicars of the choir for the brothers

of the Kalendarhay... ... ... 26

To the same Vicars for a house aforetime

[called] Belebouche ... ... 20

To the same Vicars for the soul of Bishop
Peter for the collect to be said at the
mass of the Blessed Virgin at the head
of the Church ... ... ... 4 o

To the same for their share in an interest
(titulus) described as for the head clerks
(as appears below) from the church of
Alternon in Cornwall ... ... 40 o

52 Exeter Chapter Terrier.

[fol. 60.]
Also to the clerks of the second form under s. d.

the description (titulo) of head clerks

(clerici de capite), i.e., those who are

appointed to stand at the mass of

Blessed Mary on each day of the week

from the church of Alternon ... ... 20 o

Also to the boy choristers under the description

of head-clerks as above for standing as

above from the same church of Alternon 23 4

Also to the same choristers for singing the

antiphon of Blessed Mary every day after

evensong in the chapel of St. Paul in the

same church from Upotery a rentcharge 7 o

Also to the custos of Exeter church each

term from the common [fund] ... 10 o

To the Treasurer of the church of Exeter for

Colbrok 55., for Toppysham 6d., for Ide

3d., and for the cemetery of Exeter 3d.

every term, whereof 3d. for the cemetery

is without a settlement (ordinacio) ... 60

Also to the clerk of the Exchequer for his

salary for a quarter year ... ... 84

To the under clerk or under monitor of the

chapter ... ... ... ... 20

To the gatekeeper of the close ... ... 20

To the canons' baker ... ... ... 5 o

Also to the vicar of Bokerel church for in-
creasing his vicarage ... ... 15 o

Also to the chaplain celebrating at Rourygh

by agreement more or less according to

the agreement to be made ... ... 20 o

To the vicar of Brodhembury every term for

certain tenements taken from him by

the chapter ... ... ... 5 6

To the hospital of Bodmyscombe for a rent

from Colbrok ... ... ... 2 6

To the lepers of the Magdalen, Exeter, every

term not from any [fund] but from alms only 3

Sum £g 15 6

Exeter Chapter Terrier. 53

Give heed to the sum of the charges in the roll of the
exchequer in each term of the year.

Several leaves have been cut out here,
[fol. 61.]

In addition must be reckoned and paid among ordinary

expenses, but only in St. Michael's term.

s. d.

To the nuns of Polslo for the tithe of the

church of Wynnoc, in Cornwall ... 68

To the Prior of Trewordraith for the tithe of
a certain man of Seynt mari churche
next Torre Abbot's ... ... ... 40

To the Chaplain of Toryngton Castle for
giving up certain sheaves of the tithes of
Brodhembury ... ... ... 13 4

To the Archdeacon of Totnes (Totton) for the
procuration, synodal (sinodaticum) and
cremage of the church of Wydecombe
in regard of two thirds belonging
(spectantes) to the Dean and Chapter ... 6 aj

To the Vicar of Bokerel church for two
[thirds] of the same church in the same
respect whereof procuration 45. 5d. and
for senage and cremage ... ... 5 n

To the Vicar of Saltecombe church for in-
creasing his vicarage in Michaelmas
term pursuant to the settlement of the
Dean and Chapter ... ... ... 10 o

To the lord Pope's collector in England in
respect of the annual payment made
by custom ... ... ... 7 o

S3 ii

Also of old time there used to be reckoned and paid in the
aforesaid Michaelmas term from a house sometime Henry de
Esse's to the hospital at Bodemyscomb 2 shillings ; but they
are no longer asked for.

Also in the same way to the vicars of the choir of Exeter
church for a house sometime Richard Bredesworthy's
2 shillings. They are not asked for nor is it known where
the house is.

54 Exeter Chapter Terrier.

[fol. 62.]

Ordinary expenses to be defrayed in every term but not to
be charged quarterly in the Exchequer but in their
place.

s. d.

To the Vicars of the choir of the church for
psalmody pursuant to the settlement of
lord John de Grandisson sometime Bishop
of Exeter from the church of St. Merryn
(Marine), in Cornwall ... ... 10 o

To the same Vicars for the area of the Fran-
ciscan brothers of Exeter from the church
of St. Uvel... ... ... ... 17

To the chapel of Blessed Mary in chief for

incense ... ... ... ... 9

To the Vicar of West Ansty from the church
of West Ansty to be applied for the
obit of Andrew de Kylkenny for in-
creasing of his vicarage ... ... 68

To the Vicar of Mortho from the church of

Mortho to be reckoned there ... ... 52 6

The sum 71 4

These are the Annuellars [masses] now celebrated each
term as appears by the following.

s. d.

Two Annuellars celebrating for Henry
Bracton and John Wyger of Thurverton,
each of them taking... ... ... 20 o

Also one Annuellar celebrating for Bishop
Walter the first from Bokerel and not
more because the church of Bokerel does
not suffice to bear all the burdens put
upon it, because two Annuellars founded
upon the same church were wont to
receive each of them quarterly ... 20 o

Also one Annuellar celebraticg for the same
Walter and Thomas Bodeham sometime
Archdeacon of Totnes (Totton) from
Bokerel besides 6 shillings and 8 pence,

Exeter Chapter Terrier. 55

from the church of St. Uvel in Cornwall s. d.

for Bodeham the, rest ... ... 10 o

[fol. 63.]

One Annuellar celebrating for Roger Torygh
sometime Dean of Exeter from Wyde-
comb ... . ... ... 20 o

One Annuellar celebrating for John de Monte

Acuto from Elerky .. ... ... 16 8

One Annuellar celebrating for Walter Penbrok

from Plympton ... ... ... 15 o

One Annuellar celebrating for William Bruer,
Richard Blondy and Walter Bishops and
Thomas Herforde Archdeacon from
Upotery ... ... ... ... 15 o

One Annuellar celebrating for Roger Bollegh
from the Hospice of the Archdeacon of
Cornwall ... ... ... ... 13 4

One Annuellar celebrating for Richard Bren-

disworthy from Exeter rents ... ... 12 6

One Annuellar celebrating for Walter Leech-
lade from West Doune ... ... 12 6

One Annuellar celebrating for Thomas Botiler

from the Alere rents ... ... n 8

One Annuellar celebrating for Roger Wynke-

legh Dean from Exeter rents ... 12 6

8 19 2

These are the Annuellars [masses] celebrated and paid for
each term in the Exchequer but not charged or brought
into account each quarter save in the churches support-
ing them (unde ordinantur).

s. d.

For Thomas Bytton sometime Bishop of

Exeter, one Annuellar from the church

of St. Uvel receiving ... ... 16 8

Also one Annuellar celebrating for Bodeham

per term besides 10 shillings for [Bishop]

Walter the first from Bokerel ... 68

For Thomas Brantyngham sometime Bishop

of Exeter, King Edward and Philippa

56 Exeter Chapter Terrier.

his Queen from the church of Mortho s. d.

two Annuellars each one receiving ... 25 o

[fol. 64.]
Also one Annuellar for Roger Charleton

celebrating in the church of Sydebury

receiving ... ... ... ... 17 10

Also two Annuellars celebrating for Hugh

Courtenay late Earl of Devon and

Margaret his wife from Estkoker each

one receiving 30 shillings ... ... 50 o

Also two Annuellars celebrating for Edmund

now Bishop of Exeter and for Richard

and Isabella parents of the same Edmund

and Ralf late Earl of Stafford from

Wynterbornewast in the County of

Dorset newly founded each one receiving

25 shillings ... ... ... 50 o

Sum total in ordinary for Annuellars [masses]
celebrated each quarter.

These Annuellars are not celebrated because the profits
of the rents supporting them (unde ordinantur) are in-
sufficient.

s. d.
For William Puntyngdon one Annuellar

receiving ... ... ... ... 12 3

(It is not kept because the rent is not paid
from the house sometime of Symon atte
Pitte.)
For Andrew de Kylkenny one Annuellar

receiving from West Ansty ... ... 15 o

(It is not kept because what is received
from the church of West Ansty is insufficient
after the obit [there] is paid for.)

For William one Annuellar receiving ... 150

For Walter de Stapeldon Bishop one

Annuellar receiving ... ... ... 18 4

(It is not kept because the payment is not
made from the senage and cremage of the
Archdeaconry of Totnes.)

Confirmation of Charters. 57

[fol. 65.]

[PART V.]

[Confirmation ot Charters.]

TTbe fting to all to wbom £c. greeting. We have viewed
letters patent of lord Richard late King of England second
[of that name] after the conquest making a confirmation
drawn up in these words : Richard by the grace of God
King of England and France and lord of Ireland to all to
whom these present letters shall have come greeting. We
have viewed a charter of confirmation of lord E [dward III.]
late King of England our grandfather [addressed] to the
citizens of the city of Exeter drawn up in these words :
Edward by the grace of God King of England, lord of
Ireland and duke of Aquitaine to Archbishops, Bishops,
Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, Justices, Sheriffs, Reeves,
ministers and all his bailiffs and liegemen greeting. We
have viewed a charter of confirmation which lord
H [enry III.] of famous memory sometime King of Eng-
land our greatgrandfather made to the citizens of the city
of Exeter worded thus : Henry by the grace of God King
of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy, Aquitaine
and Count of Anjou to Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots,
Priors, Earls, Barons, Knights, Justices, sheriffs, reeves,
ministers, and all his bailiffs and liegemen greeting. We
have viewed a charter which the illustrious King of
Germany Richard our most dear brother made to the
mayor bailiffs and his citizens of Exeter and their heirs
worded as follows : We Richard by the grace of God
ever august King of the Romans have granted for our-
selves and our heirs that the mayors bailiffs and our
citizens of Exeter and their heirs for ever shall have and
hold our city of Exeter at fee-farm for the ancient rent
and due which they and their predecessors were wont to
pay at the time that the city was in their hands to our
predecessors and ancestors and to ourselves to wit for
thirteen pounds and nine shillings sterling to us and our
heirs in each year to be paid at two terms viz. one half
at Easter and the other half at the feast of St. Michael,
and also themselves and their heirs making to all and

58 Confirmation of Charters.

singular the payments (pensiones) and donations which our
predecessors and ancestors made and gave by their charters,
save and except to ourselves and our heirs that we may
levy a tallage on the said city as often as the King of
England causes a tallage to be levied on his cities and
boroughs. And that the aforesaid [grants] may have per-
petual force we have caused this our present writing to be
sealed with our royal seal before these witnesses master
Arnald de Holland at that time our chief notary, Philip
de Eya at that time our treasurer, Philip de Oya at that
time our seneschal, Roger de St. Constantio, Michael
de Northampton, our clerks, Henry Tracy, Reginald
de Boterell, Guy de Nonaunt, Knights, Stephen Heym
at that time our seneschal of Cornwall and others. Given
at London the 7th day of November the third indiction
in the 3rd year of our reign. Now we [Henry III.] deem-
ing the aforesaid grant valid and good do grant and con-
firm the same for ourselves and our heirs before these
witnesses, the venerable father W [alter de Cantilupe]
bishop of Worcester, Rfichard] de Clare earl of Glou-
cester and Hereford, Roger le Bigod earl of Norfolk
and Suffolk and marshal of England, Hugh le Bigod
justiciary of England, John Maunsell treasurer of York,
Roger de mortuo mari, James de Aldecheleg and others.
Given under our hand at Westm [inster] the 6th day of
November in the 44th year of our reign. We [Edward III.]
have viewed also a certain charter which lord E[dward II.]
of famous memory and sometime King of England our
father made to the same citizens worded as follows :
Edward by the grace of God King of England, lord of
Ireland and duke of Aquitaine to Archbishops, Bishops,
Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, Justices, sheriffs, reeves,
ministers and to all his bailiffs and liegemen greeting. We
have viewed a charter of confirmation which lord E [dward I.]
of famous memory aforetime King of England our father
made to the citizens of Exeter worded thus : Edward by
the grace of God King of England, lord of Ireland and
duke of Aquitaine to Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors,
Earls, Barons, Justiciaries, sheriffs, reeves, ministers and
all his bailiffs and liegemen greeting. We have viewed
a charter which lord H [enry II.] of good memory aforetime

Confirmation of Charters. 59

King of England our greatgrandfather made to our
citizens of Exeter thus worded : H [enry] King of England
and duke of Normandy and Aquitaine and Count of Anjou
to the Bishop of Exeter and to all his faithful Barons
French and English greeting. Be it known to you that I
have granted to my citizens of Exeter all the good (rectas)
customs which they held in the time of King H [enry I.]
my grandfather barring all bad customs introduced there
since my grandfather ['s time.] And be it known to you
that they have the customs of the men of London, for
my barons of London have so declared before me, as

[fol. 66.]

freely, honourably and rightfully as ever they best had
them in the time of my grandfather. Witness [Arnulf]
bishop of Lisieux (Lexovia) and Rag [inald de Dunstanville]
earl of Cornwall and Thomas [a Becket] chancellor at
London. We [Edward I.] have also viewed a charter
of confirmation which lord Henry [III.] of famous memory
aforetime King of England our father made to the same
citizens worded thus : Henry by the grace of God King
of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy, Aquitaine,
and Count of Anjou to Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots,
Priors, Counts, Barons, Justiciaries, Sheriffs, Reeves,
ministers and all his Bailiffs and liegemen greeting. Be it
known to you that we have viewed a charter of lord John
the King our father which he made to the citizens of
Exeter thus worded : John by the grace of God King of
England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy, Aquitaine
and Count of Anjou to Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots,
Counts, Barons, Justiciaries, Sheriffs and all his Bailiffs and
liegemen greeting. Be it known to you that we have
granted to our citizens of Exeter all the good (rectas) customs
which they held in the time of King Henry [I.] our
great grandfather (proavus) barring all bad customs there
introduced since our great grandfather. And be it known
to you that they have the customs of London as the charter
of King Henry [II.] our father reasonably witnesses. We
also are minded and firmly enjoin and by this our present
charter confirm that the same our citizens shall be quit
of toll (theolontum), passage (fassagium) and bridge dues
(pontagium) as well by land as by water, as well in

60 Confirmation of Charters.

fairs as in markets of every secular service and custom
throughout all our lands within seas and over sea and
throughout all our dominion (potestas) which [privileges]
King Richard our brother granted to them so far as
concerns the King. And we forbid any one herein to
disturb them herein or to cause them trouble and worry
over (super) our forfeiture. Furthermore we grant to
them of our gift that they shall be quit of lastage and
stallage throughout all our land so far as concerns
ourselves. Witness William Marshall Earl of Pembroke,
William Briwer, Robert de Turnham, John Marshall.
Given by the hands of S [imon Fitz-Robert] archdeacon
of Wells, J [ohn] de Gray archdeacon of Gloucester at
(Salmur) Saumur the i5th day of June in the 2nd year
of our reign. We [Henry III.] therefore deeming the
grant of the aforesaid King John our father and the
grants of King Henry our grandfather and of King Richard
our uncle (avunculi) of which mention was made in the
aforesaid charter good and valid do hereby allow the same
for ourselves and our heirs and confirm by our present
charter according as the charters of our aforesaid predecessors
Kings of England which they hold reasonably witness these
being witnesses Simon de Montfort William de Ralegh,
Treasurer of Exeter, John son of Geoffrey, Almaric de
St. Amand, Nicolas de Modes, Richard de Gray, John
de Plessete, Hamo son of Philip, William Germin, Emeric
de Sacy and others. Given by the hand of the venerable
father Ralph [de Neville] bishop of Chichester our chancellor
at West [minster] the 24 day of March in the 2ist year of
our reign. We therefore deeming the aforesaid grants and con-
firmations good and in force do for ourselves and our heirs to the
aforesaid citizens and their. We [Edward I.] therefore deeming
the aforesaid grants and confirmations good and valid do
hereby allow and confirm the same for ourselves and our
heirs to the said citizens and their successors so far as lies in
us in the same manner as the aforesaid charters reasonably
witness. Moreover we have granted to the same citizens
for ourselves and our heirs that they and their successors
citizens of the same city shall for ever be quit of murage
and panage throughout the whole Kingdom and our
Dominion (potestas) and that albeit themselves may not have

Confirmation of Charters. 61

hitherto made full use of the liberties and customs con-
tained and expressed in the said charters they may never-
theless enjoy and use the said liberties and customs for the
future throughout our whole realm and dominion fully and
peaceably without let or hindrance from us or our heirs,
Justices, Escheators,

[fol. 67.]

Sheriffs or other our bailiffs or ministers whomsoever
as witness the venerable father A [nthony de Bek]
bishop of Durham, Thomas earl of Lancaster, Henry of
Lane [aster] Peter de Chaumpnet, John de Chaumpnet,
Peter de Tadyngton, John de Meik and others. Given by
hand at Eston next Stamford the 4th day of May, in the
28th year of our reign. Now we [Edward II.] holding the
aforesaid grants and confirmations valid and good do hereby
for ourselves and our heirs so far as lies in us allow and
confirm the same to the said citizens and their successors
in the same manner as the aforesaid charters reasonably
witness. Furthermore being minded to bestow yet
another favour on the aforesaid citizens by the fine
which they have made with us we have granted to
them for ourselves and our heirs that albeit they or
their predecessors may have hitherto not made use of the
above written liberties or of some one of them when occasion
arose, yet for the future themselves and their heirs and
successors citizens of this city shall nevertheless fully enjoy
and use such liberties and each one of them without let
or hindrance from ourselves or our heirs or any of our
ministers whatsoever. Moreover by the aforesaid fine we
have granted to them for ourselves and our heirs and have
confirmed by this our charter for the betterment of the said
city and the convenience of our citizens of the same city
that they may be able the more quietly to devote themselves
to their business matters that no one of them shall plead or be
impleaded before us or our heirs or any justices of ourselves
or our heirs outside the aforesaid city in respect of lands
or tenements which are within the aforesaid city or the
suburbs thereof or in respect of transgressions or contracts
or any other matters done or arising within the same city
and suburbs, but all such pleas which may happen to be
summoned before ourselves or our heirs or any of our

62 Confirmation of Charters.

justices of the bench (de banco) or any others, or may
be attached for pleading outside the aforesaid city and
suburbs shall be pleaded and disposed of before the mayor
and bailiffs who for the time being are within the said
city unless such pleas shall concern us or our heirs
or our ministers or the convenience of the said city. And
that they be not placed with outside men on any assizes,
juries or inquisitions which by reason of tenements or
transgressions or other outside matters whatsoever happen
to be held before justices or other ministers of ourselves
or of our heirs. Nor that outside men be placed with
citizens on assizes, juries or any inquests which by
reason of land or tenements lying (existentes) within the
same city and suburbs or of transgressions contracts or
any other inside matters there. [Ends abruptly, the remainder
of the folio and the whole of the next (the last) being blank.}

O

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THE CASTLE AND MANOR OF PLYMPTON

AND OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL PARISH OF PLYMPTON
ST. THOMAS, OTHERWISE PLYMPTON ST. MAURICE

IN THE COUNTY OF DEVON

By

J. BROOKING ROWE, F.S.A., F.LS.

1 Examine well thy blood ^ . .~ . He

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DEVON

ITS MOORLANDS STREAMS .Gf COASTS

BY LADY ROSALIND NORTHCOTE

ILLUSTRATIONS IN COLOUR AFTER

FREDERICK J. WIDGERY

London Exeter

CHATTO &f WINDUS JAMES G. COMMIN

MCMVIII

Devon Notes and Queries:

a Quarterly Journal devoted to the
LOCAL HISTORY BIOGRAPHY and
ANTIQUITIES of the County of
Devon edited by P F S AMERY
JOHN S AMERY and J BROOKING
ROWE FSA

Volume IV— Part VII— July 1907

CONTENTS.

An Old Exeter Manuscript /.• 217

Oak Carving at Ashburton in Tudor

Days . . . . . . .... 219

Tympanum at Bondleigh . . .. 228-

Pr^aux or Pratellis, Prous or Probus,

Prowse . , . . -. . 229

Halley, Hawtey and Pike Families . . 232

British Stone Circles . , . . 233

Acoustic Jars in Churches ... . . 236

Sir Walter Ralegh and "The Art of

War by Sea " : a Lost Treatise . . 237

PAGE.

Halwell Church Seat . . . . 241

Theophilus Gale . . • . . . . 241

A Devonshire Bridge Builder £ . 242

Cottell Family . .. .. 24*

An Exeter Poem and its Author,

W. H. Merle or De Merle . . 242

Pedigrees of St. Maure and Zouche , . 247

Tudor Persecution in Exeter , . 247

Godfrey of Totnes .. .. .. 247

Peter's Farthings . . . . . . 248

APPENDIX.

!255
EXETER CHURCHES, pp. 1—48

JAMES G

230 High Street
EXETER

NOTICE.

The Editors desire to express their thanks to Contributors
co DEVON NOTES AND QUERIES, and to all who have assisted
.in the work connected with the Magazine. It is hoped that
the interest in the publication wilt continue, both on the part
of writers and subscribers. With the Editors the labour is purely
one of love. No gain except the success of DEVON NOTES AND
QUERIES accrues to them, and they can, therefore, appeal more
strongly for a continuance of the support hitherto afforded them.
For the forthcoming volume many interesting communications
have been promised.

We hope shortly to print the Devon Chantry Rolls, which
Mr. H. Michel! Whitley has been good enough to transcribe for
us from the originals at the Record Office, and which will be
annotated by the Editors.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION are six SHILLINGS and six PENCE per
annum post free; an ILLUSTRATED PROSPECTUS will be sent to
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Subscriptions for 1907 are now due.

CONTRIBUTIONS, BOOKS FOR REVIEW, and COMMUNICATIONS
should be sent to the EDITORS, J. BROOKING ROWE, Castle Bar-
bican, Plymptpn, or to the MESSRS. AMERY, Druid, Ashburton.

BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS should be sent to the PUBLISHER
•230, HIGH STREET, EXETER.

Devon Notes and Queries. 217

120. AN OLD EXETER MANUSCRIPT [Supp., April,
1907.] — In the last Appendix to Devon Notes and Queries
(April, 1907), is a description of an old Exeter
manuscript. This MS. has been nobly restored to its
original home by Mr. J. G. Commin, and the Rev. O. J«
Reichel has translated the various documents with a valu-
able introduction. Part III. of the manuscript is a writ
or proclamation to the Sheriff of Devon against Lollards
with the proclamation actually made by the Sheriff in con-
temporary English, the latter most interesting and valuable.

The writ is dated from Westminster, the i3th day of
May, in the gth year of our reign, the king being Henry,
Mr. Reichel states, the fourth of that name. ^ It is with
the greatest diffidence that I venture to differ from so
learned an antiquary as the Rev. Oswald J. Reichel, but
from internal evidence the document seems clearly to belong
to the reign of Henry VI.

The document is witnessed by Humfrey, Duke of
Gloucester, Guardian of England, I3th day of May, in the
oth year of our reign, that is I3th May, 1408, if Henry
the Fourth ; i3th May 1431, if Henry the Sixth.

Humfrey, Duke of Gloucester, was appointed Lieu-
tenant and Warden of the Kingdom in 1430.

In 1431 he took an active part in the trials of Lollard
priests. -Lydgate boasted that Humfrey maintained the Church
with such energy " that in this land no Lollard dare abide."

In 1408 there was no Duke of Gloucester, Thomas of
Woodstrell, who held the title, dying in 1397, and Humfrey
not being created Duke until 1414. E. L. RADFORD.

121. AN OLD EXETER MANUSCRIPT (Supp., April,
1907.) — The account of the Collectors of a Moiety of " a
Fifteenth" and "a Tenth" in the 7th year of Richard
IPs. reign, that is included in the highly interesting old
MS. edited by the Rev. O. J. Reichel, supplies, I find,
one of the missing links in the series of Devonshire Lay-
Subsidy-Rolls preserved at the Public Record Office in
London, the nearest to it in date being those of 6 Ric. II.
and 8 Ric. II.

The roll for 6 Ric. II. is headed " Particle Compoti
Joh'is Wymare (and others named) Collectores xve & xe in

R

2i 8 Devon Notes and Queries.

Com. Devon, Regi a laicis anno sexto concess." It begins
with the Hundred of Wonford, and the order of the Hun-
dreds differs altogether from the Exeter list, but, under
these, the order of tithings exactly corresponds, while the sum
against each (being for a whole subsidy instead of a moiety)
is just double that in the Exeter list. Thus we have —
In Dec de Comb Intynhyde xxis vjd

,, ,, „ Recomb Hugh ijs iiijd

„ „ „ Stoke Intynhede - xxvis viijd

„ „ „ Rydmore - xxvjs

and so on. The same remarks apply to the Roll of the
8th year, except for the collectors' names — Jas. Chudlegh
and others. In these, as in the Exeter Roll, the boroughs
and the ancient demesnes are separately classed. Were
the latter assessed on a peculiar basis ? I notice that
South Tawton (an ancient demesne) is rated much higher
than North Tawton — £"4 gs. as against igs.

To refer now to another division of the Exeter MS. —
the directions to the Accountants of the Exeter Chapter;
I should be glad of an explanation of the entries respect-
ing " Annuellars." An Annuellarim was, I understand, a
priest who celebrated an anniversary-obit for the repose of
the soul of a deceased patron. In the Clerical Subsidy-
Roll (Exon |f) we find the forms "Annell" and " Anuellar"
denoting Chantry-Chaplains. To take a case on p. 24 of
the Exeter MS. — by whom were the two annuellars founded
upon the church of Boterel ? Were the anniversaries
kept in that church, or, as I infer, in Exeter Cathedral ?
And why did the salaries come out of the Exeter treasury ?
Was the founder of the annuellar also the founder or
patron of Bokerel Church, and did he stipulate in the grant
that out of the revenues of that church — or out of the
endowment of its incumbent, 2os. per annum was to be paid
to a priest to say masses for his soul in Exeter Cathedral ?

The whole subject of commemorative offices is one on
which I am desirous of information ; such articles upon
them as I have consulted, including the very instructive
lecture by the late J. T. Micklethwaite, printed by the
Society for the Preservation of Ancient Buildings, not
having satisfied my curiosity on minor points.

ETHEL LEGA-WEEKES.

Devon Notes and Queries. 219

122. OAK CARVING AT ASHBURTON IN TUDOR DAYS. —
Recently, within the last two years, Devonshire has become
poorer in works of art by the removal from the county of
a series of panels, which for nearly four centuries has covered
the walls of a room in the old house of a branch of the
Prideaux family at Ashburton.

These panels, with a cornice and a canopy, were always
said to have been taken from the parish church of S. Andrew
at the time of the Reformation. On the other hand, judges
of such work consider the greater part to have been purely
secular work. We are now able to reproduce these from
photographs taken by Mr. John S. Amery, as a record of
what we have lost, with the hope that morev information
may be forthcoming respecting the place they take in the
history of art and the lessons they teach concerning local
craftsmen in the early sixteenth century.

Authorities on the great restorations of our Devonshire
churches in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries,
when most of the rood screens appear to have been erected,
account for the distinct type of the Devonshire screens,
with all their beauty of design and- execution, to the fact
that our native stone is intractable and difficult to work
and frequently too coarse to take fine designs. The crafts-
men in Devonshire, therefore, turned their attention prin-
cipally to oak as the only material suitable for fine carving,
and so learned to make the most of the good qualities of
the native oak which in those days grew so freely in their
own neighbourhood. The Devonshire screens were for the
most part the work of local carvers, of whom many schools
must have existed in the villages and country boroughs in
the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. These
screens were often erected as the result of parishioners' own
effort, and instances are recorded in which they were due to
the generosity of churchwardens. They were mainly the result
of local effort, but here and there we find unmistakable traces
of foreign workmanship. This, however, is the exception, and
was often the outcome of the generosity of a prelate or local
magnate who had visited foreign parts and brought over work-
men to apply their skill on English subjects (see " Devon-
shire Screens and Roodlofts," by F. Bligh Bond, F.R.I. B.A.,
Trans. Devon. Association, vols. xxxiv. and xxxv., 1902 and 1903).

220 Devon Notes and Queries.

It is, I believe, to one of these local carving schools
we owe the designs and execution of the almost unique
work so recently taken from us, of which Mr. Baring-Gould
says (in his Book of the West, vol. i., p. 238) some of the wood
carving in and about Ashburton is of the very finest quality,
quite unsurpassed in its style. Work by apparently the same
hand may be seen at Great Fulford in the hall.

The carvings referred to were fitted around the walls of
a small back room in the oldest part of a comfortable town
house in West Street, Ashburton. The back buildings and
stable were entered from the left of the Church gates, while
a footpath under an archway also gave admittance to them.
The old walled garden ran still further back and bounded
the churchyard at the eastern end of the Church. The wains-
cotted room in this house was about 14 feet square and
8 feet high, and on its western wall was a crocketted canopy
with finials of fleurs-de-lis reaching almost to the ceiling.
The front part of this canopy at the angles, between a
border of fleurs-de-lis, exhibited half-length figures of the four
Evangelists, represented as winged men holding shields in-
scribed with monograms. The groining of the overhanging
canopy was composed of six panels, curved and richly carved.
Underneath at the back were three panels, apparently un-
connected with the canopy itself, containing busts in high
relief within a broad plain circle. Mr. Worthy, in his
Ashburton and its Neighbourhood (p. 41), describes these as
representing Queen Mary and her consort Philip of Spain,
and a figure in armour, perhaps S. George. It will be
shown that this carving was executed prior to her time ;
but a more recent authority sees nothing to suggest royalty,
and the figures may represent Master Thomas Prideaux, who
fitted up the room, with his wife and mother, as two appear to
represent females. Below we have the usual linen pattern.

Mr. Baring-Gould (Book of the West, vol. i., p. 258) refers to
this canopy as a portion of a canopied altar piece with wings,
which was over in one of the chapels of the Parish Church.
In fact, I have heard the late owner say there were once
sides and shelves across on which jars of preserves were
kept until the weight broke them down.

On the removal of these things from the Church,
Robert Prideaux, the son of Thomas, obtained this relic,

Devon Notes and Queries. 221

which very probably his father had given, and fitted it into
the panelling of his father's room.

Opposite the canopy in the east wall is a large wide
window ; the recess formed by the thickness of the house
wall is divided into six compartments, three on either side.
The top compartment on the south side had the figures of
two boys holding a shield, inscribed with the interlaced
etters T.P. in a monogram.

The middle compartment had a carved representation
of S. Roch, as described by Baring-Gould (Lives of Saints,
Aug. 1 6th), " represented as a pilgrim, with his left leg
exposed in which is a wound, an angel at his side touching
his thigh. Also frequently at his side a dog bearing a loaf
in his mouth." The legend of S. Roch says that wherever
he went he had miraculously expelled the plague by the
sign of the cross. He had healed the plague-stricken by
thousands till he was himself attacked, when a dog brought
him bread from a Count's table every day. The Count
following the dog, found S. Roch lying in a miserable hovel,
convalescent. An angel had struck him on the thigh, and
from the touch the plague boil had risen and burst. Sub-
sequently he was imprisoned at Montpellier. Feeling him-
self dying, he prayed that who should invoke him and rely
on his merits should be healed, and an angel appeared in
the prison and wrote a tablet : " Those labouring from the
plague who fly to the patronage of S. Roch shall be healed."

We find in 1522 the churchwardens paid viijs jxd for a
picture of S. Roche, perhaps the identical panel. It must
be remembered the frequent visitations of plague in England,
and those towns on the main roads to sea ports frequented
by pilgrims returning from Italy were much exposed to it.
In fact, one of the functions of the ancient Guild
of S. Lawrence at Ashburton, re-founded by Bishop Staple-
don in 1314, was "the relief and sustenance of such people as
are infected when the plage is in the towne, that they being from
all company may not infect the whole."

The lower compartment had a full length figure of
S. Matthew, represented as a winged man wearing a mantle.

On the north side of the window, the top compartment
had a vase or censer between two eagles, out of which they
appeared to be drinking, all carved in bold relief.

222 Devon Notes and Queries.

The middle compartment had a most elaborate panel,
described by Mr. Worthy as the Blessed Virgin in her
ecstacy, depicted with long hair but no veil, kneeling under
a canopy at a prie-dieu, her left elbow on an open book
and hands raised in wonder ; on the outside of the curtain
stands an aged and attenuated figure, probably Simeon ;
and over his head, divided by a band of scalop shells, a
half length representation of S. Peter, wearing a triple
crown, in the act of blessing, symbolical of the Holy Catholic
Church. Mr. Worthy adds : " The ancient seal of the Chapter
of Exeter represents S. Peter wearing a triple crown " (vide
Oliver's History of the Cathedral, p. 479). We may note
that the crown in the carving is a double, not a triple
crown. The latter was not adopted by the Pope until
1410-1419 ; moreover, the figure holds no keys. It is
evident this legend requires further study.

The lower compartment represents a full length figure
of S. Thomas a Becket in the act of blessing. The chapel
in the north transept of the Church was dedicated to
him.

The south wall of the room abuts on the south side of
the window, and above a dado of rich linen pattern was
covered by a series of unique panels, very handsomely
carved, but all of purely secular characters. But above
this original moulding, which it partly covered, there had
been added at a subsequent date a piece of hollow-work
cornice from the rood screen. Eighteen of these panels
were perfect, but there had been more, for about a century
ago a door was made in this wall, when four were destroyed
save a small section of two between the top of the door
and the cornice. They are all well shown in the illustra-
tions. Eight of these panels had small busts within a
broad ring carved on them. Two in the upper row between
the window and new door were said to represent Henry VII.
and his Queen, Elizabeth of York. On these panels, amongst
grotesque figures, birds and human heads, were seen shields
with the initials T.P. in various forms of monogram, and
in some cases the carved scrolls suggested these letters.
These panels are worth close study, not only for design,
but for their excellency of workmanship, and are mag-
nificent samples of domestic decoration.

3

Devon Notes and Queries. 223

An oak beam supporting the ceiling ran across the centre
from east to west, commencing on the east side at the north
wall of the window on which it rested to the north side of
the canopy opposite. This beam was well carved, especially
at the ends, which are shown in the photographs. The
north wall and portion of the west beyond this beam were
covered with panels of plain linen pattern in four rows,
while a cornice from the rood screen borders the north
side. All these carvings have been covered with coats of
white paint for generations, which to a great extent choked
and disfigured the beautiful and elaborate work, and
obliterated the delicate tool marks so dear to the critical
eye. Of the carvings from this room we may say they
were mostly secular, the exceptions being the canopy on
the west wall, the four window panels with sacred legends,
and the cornice on the north and south walls, which show
evidence of their having been added subsequent to the
fitting up of the room.

The parish of Ashburton possesses an almost unique
series of churchwardens' accounts contained in a MS.
quarto volume written on paper, with parchment covers,
and is in an excellent state of preservation. There are very
few erasures, and the ink has kept its colour. Its contents
extend over a period of a hundred years, the date of the
first entry being A.D. 1479 and the last 1580. The book
is principally in Latin. English, however, is frequently
used where the proper Latin word was not forthcoming,
and some of the accounts are wholly in the mother tongue.
A copious abstract and translation was made and published
by the late Revd. J. H. Butcher in 1870, when curate of
Ashburton, but copies are now scarce.

It has been mentioned that a branch of the ancient
Devonshire family of Prideaux resided at Ashburton in
Tudor times, and there appears to have been more than
one household of the name. They filled various positions,
and are frequently mentioned in the churchwardens' accounts
as Stannators attending the Tinners' Parliament which met
on Crockern Tor to regulate the mining industry ; two were
attorneys-at-law. John Prideaux paid a fee in 1503 to
brew in the churchhouse. Another John, a clerk, received
iijs ijd <t for playing at the organ the year 1509-10." In

224 Devon Notes and Queries.

1515 we find " received vs viijd for use of cross at the
death of Richard Pridiaux at home and in the church."

The apparent head of the family was Master Thomas
Prideaux, attorney-at-law, who owned and resided in the
house in which the carved wainscotted room was fitted up.
We find him churchwarden in 1506, and again in office for
the two years 1510 to 1512. He died in 1546, and was
succeeded in the house by his son, Robert Prideaux, also
an attorney-at-law, who outlived his four sons and left the
house to his daughter Elizabeth, the wife of John Dolbeare,
also of an old Ashburton family who frequently filled public
offices. Thence by inheritance the house descended to the
Parhams and to its late owner, Mrs. Cruse, who left it to
her husband, at whose death in 1905 the property was sold.
Each generation has scrupulously kept the old Prideaux
room as a sacred charge. The last Mr. Parham re-built
the front of the house and raised the height of the rooms,
but that portion containing the old room was allowed to
remain as it was.

During the first half of the sixteenth century we find
a thorough restoration of the Parish Church was com-
menced while Thomas Prideaux served as warden for
the two years 1510 and 1511. The commencement was
made by re-seating various parts of the Church, which
appears to have taken five years to complete in 1516.
In this Prideaux was the leading spirit, and advanced
money from time to time as required. He secured an able
foreman in John Mayne, most probably from Exeter, and
a local carpenter, John Soper, whose descendants are still
carpenters at Ashburton. We find in 1511 the sum of
xiiis iiijd was paid by the wardens on account of the seat-
ing, and in 1512, when Prideaux went out of office, the
sum of "iju vjs viijd in part payment for seating beyond
that allowed from account of Thomas Prideaux." In 1513
" paid iiiju xvjs iiijd to John Mayne toward the payment
of xu for seating beyond iiju paid before." 1514, " paid
John Mayne iju ixs beyond the vijli xvs viijd in part pay-
ment of xjli for making the seating (le sege) of the church."
1515, " paid John Mayne ivs jvd beyond x" vs viijd paid
before in part payment for xj11 for making seats (sedilem)
of the church, also ija xixs iijd for timber work for the church."

Panels on the North side of the
Window.

Panels on the South side of the
Window.

Devon Notes and Queries. 225

This seating most probably included a certain amount
of carved work in the chancel and chapel stalls which
were locally made, as different woods are used to define
them, the timber having been purchased separately. It
must be borne in mind that the back of Prideaux's pre-
mises opened on the Churchyard, and his outbuildings were
conveniently situated for workshops, where John Mayne
and Soper, with doubtless younger apprentices, worked
under the master's eye. Prideaux had retired from the
churchwardenship in 1512, evidently finding it invidious to
represent the parish and be chief craftsman doing work for
the Church at the same time.

The time had now arrived to bring the fine 'old church
of S. Andrew up to date. It is very probable that a screen
dividing the chancel from the nave, of the usual Devon-
shire open tracery pattern, then existed. The days for
roodlofts had arrived, and much consultation as to ways
and means must have taken place. We find in 1516 the
image of the Blessed Virgin was painted over the high
altar at the cost of vjs viiid-

In 1519 the Dean of Exeter visited the Church and
stayed with Mr. Thomas Prideaux. Bearing in mind that
the Dean and Chapter hold the rectorial tithes and patron-
age of the living, this visitation was no doubt a meeting
to decide what should be done and how to meet the expense.
During the next two years the accounts only show matters
relating to windows and vestments, but in 1521 John Ford,
a leading parishioner, gave xn toward a roodloft and
jxd toward mending a small statue (emenetcioe statvis) of
the lord King Henry VI. at the same place, viz., on the
screen. The wide span of the nave rendered it necessary
that a firm foundation should be obtained to sustain the
roodloft beams clear of the old screen below. For this
purpose a long block of granite was let into the base of
the arcading just above the capitals on the inner side of
each of the pillars ; these blocks projected well outside and
inside the screen. On the projecting portions of these
blocks rested the ends of oaken beams which bridged the
nave. The Abbot of Buckfast presented three pieces of
good timber for this purpose, doubtless already well seasoned.
The wardens paid in 1521 " jvu jvs jxd for putting up the

226 Devon Notes and Queries.

roodloft and for wainscott timber, poles, &c., and xxiij5 vijd for
'spolying' (converting) timber for the same." In 1522 we
find an entry : " Paid viijs jxd for a picture of S. Roche ;
viijs ijd for a tablement of S. John ; xviis viijd for making
the roodloft ; iij11 xvjs making the seats of the church ;
jvu vijs ijd for timber and carriage and a reward to the
Superior of Buckfast this year."

1523. " Paid ijs jxd for timber and working the same
for the stall for the clergyman (clerico) in the chancel ;
viijs jvd to Peter Kerver for making the tabernacle over
the altar of S. John (Baptist)."

1524. " For mending the pyx viijd for the body of
Christ."

1525. Saw the completion of the work.

It appears the east ends of the north and south aisles,
inside the line of the screen, were the chapels of the Blessed
Virgin and S. John the Baptist ; these were open to the
chancel. This year parclose screens were erected between
the chancel and chapels and the aisles paved with " tylyng."
Also images set up at the altar of S. John at the cost of
xivd including the " yearne penny " of the paynter, and a
S. George was set up at the cost of vijs viiid including the
ironwork, also a seat in S. Thomas' aisle, viz., the N.
Transept Chapel.

Then came the consecration, which cost xu jxs ivd to the
suffragan for his cost at Ashburton ; to Dr. Tillet, com-
missioner of the Bishop and registrar of the same Bishop •
and the expenses of Richard Dolbeare and the church-
wardens.

Thus the restoration had taken twenty-four years in carry-
ing out, the work having been executed in the town, probably
in Mr. Prideaux's workshops. By this time there must
have been many skilled carvers and joiners besides John
Mayne and Soper ; doubtless occasionally experts had been
secured for special work, but the greater part, of which we
find no mention, was given as a labour of love.

Mr. Prideaux again served as churchwarden for two
years, viz., 1528 and 1529, during which several additions
were made. Mrs. Prideaux gave vju xiijs iiijd for the pur-
chase of vestments and John Ford, a streamer of S. George,
and much painting was also done.

•s.

Devon Notes and Queries. 227

A handsome Tudor pulpit and lectern of the time of
Bishop Oldham, 1504-1519, remained in use in the Church
until the restoration in 1777, when they were sold to Big-
bury, where they are still in use. This was done when
Sir Robert Palk returned from India and presented a most
handsome three-decker pulpit, a marvel of joinery and teak,
which occupied the centre of the transept until a recent restora-
tion swept that away also. The Oldham lectern was an
owl carved in oak and well painted. The Bishops of Exeter
held the manors of Ashburton since the Norman days, viz.,
the royal Borough in chief from the King as a secular fief
and the ecclesiastical manor as a spiritual fief. Oldham's
family badge was an owl, and in compliment to him the
owl was carved. When it arrived at Bigbury the people
there could not understand how at Ashburton they mistook
an owl for an eagle, the usual form for a lectern. They
had the head removed and an eagle's substituted. The shape
of the feathers is different, and the whole bird is now an
ecclesiological monstrosity.

The pulpit was octagonal, with shields on the panels,
from which all the traces of armorial bearings had been
removed. The decorated cornice is very fine, and the slender,
well-carved foot renders the whole an elegant piece of work-
manship. A very similar pulpit may be seen at Holne, a
neighbouring parish to Ashburton, where the arms on the
shields are still visible (see Notes and Gleanings, vol. iii.,
p. 177), and among them that of Oldham, a chevron or, between
three owls proper. It is very likely that both these pulpits
were made about the same time at Prideaux's workshop.

We can fancy with what interest and wonder the young
people of Ashburton must have watched the work and
observed how, under the skilful hands of John Mayne,
graceful saints emerged from blocks of oak.

The last bit of work recorded on the roodloft was in
1545, when the wardens paid xvjd for setting up of Mary
and John.

1546-7 records the deaths of King Henry VIII., Thomas
Prideaux, John Dolbeare and Elizabeth his wife.

1547. The Church had been visited by the Commis-
sioners and the rood ordered down. We find a payment
of iijs iiijd for taking down the rood and images. It does

228 Devon Notes and Queries.

not say what became of these things, but we can under-
stand how from time to time young Robert Prideaux would
save such as he could to place in his late father's panelled
room, and this accounts for the bits of ecclesiastical work
we found placed subsequently to the wainscotting. He
appears to have saved either now or in Queen Elizabeth's
time the whole of the beautiful cornice of the roodloft, which
we found on the north and south walls of the room, measuring
28 feet, about the width of the chancel screen.

I may add that in 1555 a new rood was ordered from
Kxeter of one Martyn the carver, cost xls and iiijd fetch-
ing, and ijd to George Wyndeyate for setting up the rood.
During Mary's time we find payments for images from
Exeter, from which it appears the old carving school had
dispersed on the death of Thomas Prideaux.

The whole of this carved work was purchased by a London
dealer, and has, we are informed, since been secured by a
nobleman for his private chapel. P. F. S. AMERY.

123. TYMPANUM AT BONDLEIGH (par. 112, p. 197). — I
have not found any other instances of doves associated
with the Agnus Dei, but there are a good many in which
doves, placed in exactly the same position, flank the Cross,
or the sacred Monogram, or a combination of both. This
arrangement is one of the earliest symbols of Christian art
and occurs in the Catacombs ; its use continued to the
1 3th century, and even later. Several examples are shown
in Miss Twining's Symbols and Emblems, and the interpreta-
tion given invariably is that the doves represent faithful
Christians contemplating the symbol of their salvation. In
one case the word "sains" appears underneath the Cross.

De Gubernatis, in his Zoological Mythology, states in a
footnote that "the voice of the turtle dove represents the
cry, the sighing, and after the resurrection of Christ, the
joy of Mary Magdalene." So perhaps the doves are
specifically the two Marys.

The standing dove in religious art nearly always
represents a Christian; the flying dove usually signifies the
third Person of the Trinity, and very rarely the soul.

Referring to pairs of doves drinking from a vase or
cup, Miss Twining says they are probably symbolical of

Devon Notes and Queries. 229

the waters of salvation, but may have a more particular
allusion to Christians partaking of the Cup of Salvation in the
Eucharist. Some later writers, however, including both Joseph
Anderson and Henri Male, will not allow that this device
has any Christian interpretation, and hold that it is simply
a survival of a very usual classical subject. The truth
probably rests half way between the two conclusions. The
subject was no doubt derived from a classical source, but
when used as an accessory to Christian worship, surely a
Christian meaning was applied to it.

To return to the Bondleigh tympanum. Miss Lega-
Weekes' clever drawing shows us that both the nimbus
and the enclosing circle are formed of the cable. I think
this indicates that the large circle is an aureole — radiance
emanating from the whole person and not from the head only

I have seen a drawing of the Dolton font, but not the
font itself. I hope I may be in a position to say something
about it in the next number of D. N. & Q.

KATE M. CLARKE.

124. PREAUX, OR PRATELLIS, PROUS OR PROBUS,
PROWSE (IV., p. 148, par. 87.) — An interest in the ques-
tions raised by your correspondent C.P., and a desire for
further documentary evidence to add to what I have already
collected, leads me to pen the following remarks : —

Sir W. Pole, one of the most cautious and, therefore,
most trustworthy of early Devon historians, says that
Walter Prous held Gidlegh, in capite, in the reigns of
Henry II. and Richard I ; therefore it seems unlikely that
Peter de Preaux (who married Mary de Vernon, or de
Redvers, in 1200, and died in 1212), was the first of the
Gidlegh branch of the family. Peter was the third of five
sons of Osbert de Preaux by Matilda, daughter of Hamelin.
earl of Surrey, and his wife Isabella de Warenne ; and I
know of no evidence connecting him with Gidlegh.

Moreover, although a John Probus, or Prous followed
Walter at Gidlegh, he could not have been Peter's elder
brother John de Pratellis, for the latter held lands in the
counties of Oxford, Gloucester and Kent, but none in Devon.

I am glad to see that C.P. does not follow the old
county historians in their assertion that Peter de Preaux

230 Devon Notes and Queries.

married the widow of Robert Courtenay; for there is the
clearest possible evidence that it was Courtenay who married
Peter's widow. He, however, calls Courtenay Richard, which
is an error ; and, further, says that he succeeded to the Earl-
dom of Devon, jure uxoris, on the death of his father-in-law,
William de Redvers, or de Vernon ; whereas his great
grandson Hugh was the first Courtenay to become earl
of Devon (the tenth) some years after the death of the
last Redvers — Isabella — who was married to William de
Fortibus, earl of Albemarle, and had four sons and two
daughters, all of whom died before their mother without
issue.

C.P. also mentions Robert and Walter Prato, as though
de Prato was another form of the name de Pratellis; but
investigation has led me to conclude that they were names
of two distinct families. Westcote's assertions about a
" Willielrnus comes de la Prouz, alias le Paux," and about
the derivation of one of the family names from " St.
Probus in Cornwall," I have been forced to conclude were
the products of his imagination, for I have found no docu-
mentary evidence in favour of these statements.

The first instance I have met with of the association of
the family with the place Preaux is in an early charter of
the Abbey of St. Amand, Rouen, which states that Eudo,
"dapifer" (i.e., seneschal, or steward), gave to the Abbey
" The whole tithe of the forest of Tison, small and great
" [wood] , and the tithe of assarts, and of cow- walks, and
" swine- walks, and sheep-walks in all his honour of Preaux
" (Pratellis.")

This Eudo was son of " Richard, called also Turstin
Haldub," or Haldup, whose other children were Ranulf,
seneschal of Robert, count of Mortain ; Albreda, married
to Peter de Valoines ; and Muriel, who about 1080 became
a nun in the Abbey of Ramsey (Hunts.) Eudo was
"dapifer" to William I., William II., and Henry I.
successively ; and he married Rohaise de Clare niece of
Walter Giffard, Earl of Buckingham), daughter of Richard
Fitz Gilbert, or de Clare, elder son of Gilbert, Earl of
Eu. After the Conquest he was given a large number of
manors in Essex, Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridge, Herts, Kent,
and Salop, in addition to the property he held in Normandy.

Devon Notes and Queries. 231

On his death in 1120 at the Castle of Preaux, his Honour
(of Colchester), passed into the King's hands. He was buried
in the Abbey of St. John, Colchester, which he had founded.

Margaret de Preaux, his daughter, married William de
Mandeville, and their son Geoffrey, Steward of Normandy,
was created Earl of Essex by the Empress Maud. What
other children Eudo had is not clear, but there seems to
be some evidence that he had a son, Ralph de Pre*aux, or
de Pratellis ; and perhaps another, Osbert. Of the former
line was Ralph de Pratellis, mentioned in the " Pipe Rolls "
of 1169-70, father of the Osbert whose sons were Peter de
Preaux and his four brothers. Three of them were dis-
tinguished warriors, and were also called " Socii^ Regis "
by one of the old historians, who terms Peter " miles
peroptimus." They were in Palestine with Richard Cceur
de Lion, in 1191 and 1192, where they are recorded to
have been among the foremost in many bold enterprises.
In August, 1191, the king was nearly captured by the
Saracens whilst " hawking " outside Joppa, but was enabled
to escape by the devotion of William de Preaux, who was
himself taken prisoner. The king, however, before return-
ing to England, redeemed him by exchange for ten of
the most noble of his Saracen captives (" decem Turcos
nobilissimos ").

John de Preaux held lands in Oxford, Kent, and Glou-
cester; Peter in Hants and the Channel Islands; William
in Somerset and Hants ; Ingeram, or Engelram, in Oxford ;
but I have not found Roger's name in association with
any locality, though he was seneschal to Richard I.

John was in 1200 one of the sureties for King John (to-
gether with the earls of Albemarle and Pembroke, and the
Constable of Normandy) in his treaty with Philip II. of
France. William was sent by Richard I. with certain
bishops and earls to represent him at the election of the
Emperor Otho IV : and in 1203 King John made a grant to
him of the Honour of Okementon (Okehampton, Devon),
see Rot. Litt. Pat., Vol. I., p. 36. This, however, does not
seem to have been confirmed, or carried into effect. In-
geram's name appears as a witness to a charter of John
in 1199 (just before he became king) re the " Forest of
Devon " (Dartmoor, etc.)

232 Devon Notes and Queries.

Peter de Pr£aux seems to have had an only child,
Alice, who is mentionnd in 1233 by her aunt, Alice, Countess
of Eu. Whether she married or not I do not know, but
if she left descendants they would have had a better claim
to the earldom of Devon than the Courtenays, who were
descended from Mary de Vernon by her second marriage,
circa 1212, with Robert Courtenay, baron of Okehampton.

In regard to Eudo de Prefix's (probable) other son,
Osbert, I am inclined to think he was the ancestor of
Walter Prous, or Probus, of Gidlegh, who was grandfather
of William le Pruz or Prous, one of the knights mentioned
in the order for the Perambulation of Dartmoor Forest
in 1240.

This last married Margaret, daughter of Sir Alan
Helion, of Gatcombe, Widecombe, and Whitlegh (Devon),
fourth in descent from Hervey de Helion, whose widow
(Emma) is recorded in Domesday Book as holding the
Manor of Ashton. Their sons were Sir William le
Pruz (High Sheriff of Devon in 1269, in which year he
died), and Helion le Pruz, the former of whom married
Alice, daughter and heiress of Sir Fulk Ferrers, of Throw-
legh, and of Alice Helion, of Ashton, daughter of Hervey,
the brother of Alan, mentioned above. The High Sheriff's
son, Sir William Prous (born in 1245, died 1315), was the
last of his name at Gidlegh, which passed to the descen-
dants of his only child Alice, married to Sir Roger Moeles,
baron of North Cadbury, Somerset.

ARTHUR B. PROWSE.

125. HALLEY, HAWLEY AND PIKE FAMILIES. — I wish to
make one correction in my note on the Halley family,
printed in D.N.&Q. for April, 1907 (IV., par. in;
pp. 194-197). Humphrey Hally, or Hawley, of London,
the husband of Katherine Mewce, was probably identical
with the Humphrey Halley, No. i (not No. 2), who was,
we know, the paternal grandfather of Dr. Edmond Halley.
Some new notes on the Halley and Pike families were
printed in the Northamptonshire Notes and Queries for
December, 1906, and in Notes and Queries, London, for
April, 6th, 1907, which at last establishes a relationship
between them. EUGENE F. McPiKE.

Devon Notes and Queries. 233

126. BRITISH STONE CIRCLES. — Mr. Edward Milles
Nelson has produced a small work of some thirty pages
dealing with British Stone Circles (British Stone Circles, by
E. M. Nelson, London, R. Atkinson). Although Mr. Nelson
does not mention Sir Norman Lockyer's kindred work, he
does adopt, to some extent, the same method as the latter
author, and utilises those astronomical theories which are,
in fact, the property of neither, having been originated by
some of the elder antiquaries who are now almost forgotten.

But Mr. Nelson additionally introduces questions of
numbers in measurement and proportion, matters which
also have been considered by others, and he obtains some
entirely new discoveries. To those who find themselves
unable to follow the prophets of any of the new cults of
our rude stone monuments, the divergencies of result, co-
existent with kindred methods, among the more speculative
investigators of these remains are not only instructive but
satisfying. They afford proof of the fact that ardent
theorists find what they expect to find, their methods in-
fallibly discovering it. It is as easy to prove astronomically
that a given stone circle was constructed yesterday as to
date it any time before the Christian era, and equally
simple to adduce evidence in support of either determina-
tion. All depends on what features are chosen to be
considered essential.

In those monuments, which have been studied both by
Sir Norman Lockyer and Mr. Nelson, there is no accord
between them as to which are the dominant conditions.
Under the names of Stenness and Broigar respectively, these
authors have considered one and the same circle in the
Orkneys. The one dates it 700 B.C., on the faith of the
May sunset and November sunrise, while the other assigns
it to 100 B.C., in virtue of an alignment on the Pleiades.
This difference may not be considered great ; but at
Stonehenge the respective periods adopted are 1680 B.C.,
and apparently A.D. i to A.D. 100. This latter is con-
sequent on the presence of the number 666 in a hidden
ratio, alike at Stonehenge and Hestingot. While Hestingot
circle, in the Shetlands, is itself dated by a bearing on the
stone a Bootis. This number 666 being introduced, we
naturally seek the reason of its presence, and find it

234 Devon Notes and Queries.

explained that it was the sacred and secret number of the
Sun God. At the end of Mr. Nelson's brochure occurs
the following passage : —

" It is obvious that had it not been for the * number of
the beast, six hundred threescore and six,' in the Apo-
calypse these distances and numbers would have been with-
out meaning. Cannot we go back in imagination 1,850 years
to the island of Patmos and see a converted Phoenician High
Priest laying at the feet of the beloved disciple his once more
cherished possession, the secret number of the Sun God ? "

This number is sought in the various circles and groups
of remains in a variety of manners. The author begins
by claiming to determine that the Phoenicians were in-
terested in and did not know the precise ratio of the
circumference of the circle to its diameter, but made it
*\*. Now 2f2 x 3 x 70 = 666. Next there is determined
an unit of 12-96 English inches, which is termed the
" Hestingot foot." By this the monuments are measured.

Then we are reminded of the property of the numbers
3, 4, 5, that 3a x 42 = 52 and hence that a right-angle
can be set out by the use of the first two measurements
to any unit as the enclosing sides, and the third as the
hypotenuse. On the same principle it appears that the
constructors of the Hestingot ring used the numbers 15, 21
and 25-8. We fail to follow the application of the prin-
ciple ; the figures should have been 15, 20 and 25, but
15' x 2 12 = 666, while i52 x 2o2 = 625, and the one
is the ' mark of the beast,' the other is not.

At Avebury, after a reconstruction which supplies 82
suppositions of missing stones by the aid of n survivors,
the perimeter of a hypothetical ellipse, which is not an
ellipse but an approximation, is obtained, the value 2|'2 is
used in place of the true value of II., and the figure 3,330
in Hestingot feet is the result, which, divided by 5, gives
666. There is nothing now to indicate the division five.

At Broigav a triangle is set out joining Broigar and
Stenness circles, with Maes-howe as the third point. The
sides are 7,445 feet, 3,549 feet, and 4,566 feet respectively,
and if the long side be subtracted from the sum of the
other two the number 670 is obtained, which is not 666
but at least near to it.

Devon Notes and Queries. 235

Stonehenge is treated in yet another manner. There were
30 stones in the outer ring and seven trilithons (now there
are not seven, but " there were either seven trilithons, or
the building when finished was intended to have seven
trilithons.") Thirty stones x seven trilithons x 2f2 = 666;
why the value of II., correct or incorrect, should be intro-
duced does not appear.

These, then, are instances of the manners in which the
" Crest of the Sun God " is stated to be impressed on our
ancient monuments ; simpler and more direct the methods
well may have been, but Mr. Nelson writes of one case : —
" The Priestly Architects .... wished to stamp their
temple with the sacred number of the Sun God. They
could easily have done this by setting out the Cardinal, or
other important stones of indication, 666 feet apart, but
then that would have been too apparent, and would have
exposed the secret number to the vulgar gaze, so they did
it in this ingenious manner."

Even the great Pyramid is made conform to this cult ;
for the mean of several measurements of its side, less half
a foot reduced to problematic cubits (not in this instance
to Hestingot feet) = 443-556 = 666 x -666.

Add to the very varied methods adopted in arriving at
the number (666) which the author seeks, the fact that his
measurements are mainly based on the Ordnance Survey,
of scale 208 feet to the inch, and we can hardly agree in
assigning to his results the value which he asks.

There is much that is contentious and very slightly
based, and much that is mistaken and inaccurate to which
we have not space to refer; and there are some naive re-
marks which exemplify the author's position and method.
We cannot admit that the " Blood-red Phoenician " is as
yet firmly established as the architect of our megalithic
monuments. Nor do we consider that the " Crest of the
Sun God," as above evidenced, establishes the identity of
the Phoenicians with the Picts of Scotland, or the other
astonishing historical results set forth.

P.S. — There is something uncanny about the number
666, we doubt whether Mr. Nelson is himself aware that
the " Crest of the Sun God " is blazoned all over his
book.

236 Devon Notes and Queries.

The title " On British Stone Circles " contains by account
21 letters. Starting with the cover we have a book whose
title contains 21 letters published at a house bearing the
number 10. Twenty-one letters in title x 10, the number
of the house in Essex St., x 222 the Phoenician approxi-
mation to II. = 666, the "number of the beast."

On the title page we have the title containing 21 letters
and the printing arranged in 10 lines. Twenty-one letters
in title by 10 lines of print x 22-2 = 666.

Passing over the title page and table of contents we find
21 pages of letterpress, including pages of illustrations,
summed up on pages 29 and 30 in 10 numbered para-
graphs. Twenty-one pages of letterpress x 10 paragraphs
of summary x 2f2 = 666. We commend this study of
hidden coincidences to all who call mystic numbers to
their aid. R.H.W.

127. ACOUSTIC JARS IN CHURCHES. — Dr. Grose draws
attention to two papers in the Transactions of the Devonshire
Association on this subject ; the first in vol. vi., 1873,
pp. 203-205, in which Mr. J. S. Amery describes those
found in the chancel wall at Ashburton in 1840, and another
by Mr. J. Phillips in vol. viii., 1876, pp. 391-395, in which
he describes them from a potter's point of view. Very little
appears then to have been known of the use or effect of
such jars. He gives the following examples : In Tarrant
Rushton Church, Dorset, two round red pots of common
earthenware are built into the E. face of the chancel wall*
The church was built in 1150, has a Norman arch, some
Early English windows, a " leper window," and three
hagioscopes.

In the churchwardens' accounts of Wimborne Minster,
1541, " Payd for 2 potts of clay for wyndfylling of the
church 8d- "

In the month of August, 1432, after Brother Odole Roy,
the Prior, had returned from a general chapter, it was ordered
that potts should be put into the choir of the church at
Caens, he stating that he had seen such in another church,
and that he thought they made the singing better and
resound more strongly (vide Chronicle of the Celestins of Metz).

S.G.

Devon Notes and Queries. 237

128. SIR WALTER RALEGH AND "THE ART OF WAR BY
SEA " : A LOST TREATISE. — There can be little or no doubt
that James I. must have felt ill at ease on learning that
his eldest son, Prince Henry, was a constant visitor to, and
an intimate friend of, Sir W. Ralegh, at that time a State
prisoner in the Tower. He must have been fully aware
that he not only consulted Sir Walter on many political
and social matters, but that he also acted on his advice.
Of this we possess a remarkable proof in the two pam-
phlets written by Ralegh, at the Prince's request, against the
proposed Royal alliance with the House of Savoy, which
probably led to the abandonment of the project.

The subject of the Navy, in which the Prince took a
keen interest, was a topic of frequent discussion between
them. He had probably read Ralegh's Discourse of Sea
Ports (said to have been written in the reign of Elizabeth),
and also his Discourse of the Invention of Ships, etc., of a
later period. He dedicated his Observations, etc., concerning
the Royal Navy to the Prince, in which he alluded to his
Discourse of a Maritimal Voyage " formerly " written by him
(now unfortunately lost). His " Letter to Prince Henry
touching the Model of a Ship " (printed in all editions of
the Remains) is stated to have led to the warship The Prince
being built.

Of equal importance to any of these was one, that
although lost, we have some fragmentary evidence. The
earliest knowledge of it we possess is contained in the
following passage in his History of the World (ed. 1614,
Bk. 5, ch. i, sect, vj, p. 351):—

" Of the Art of Warre by Sea I had written a Trea-
tise for the LORD HENRIE, Prince of Wales, a
subject, to my knowledge, neuer handled by any
man, ancient or moderne ; but God hath spared me the
labour of finishing it by his losse ; by the mosse of
that braue Prince; of which, like an Eclypse of the
Sunne wee shall find the effects hereafter. Impossible
it is to equall wordes and sorrowes ; I will therefore
leaue him in the hands of God that hath him Cures
leues loquuntur, ingentes stupent"

The section from which this extract is taken, relates
to a naval engagement between the Romans and the

238 Devon Notes and Queries.

Carthaginians, and was probably inserted when the volume was
nearly completed, as upwards of 299 pages intervene between
it and the close of the work, where a similar lament is
recorded. Ralegh discontinued the History after the first
volume although he had intended a second and a third,
but owing to the death of " that glorious Prince . . .
to whom they were directed," he ceased from his labours.

During the last month of his life Ralegh wrote to his
wife : —

" Ther is in ye bottome of the sedar cheist some paper

bookes of myne. I pray make them up all together,

and send them me. The title of one of them is The

Art of War by Sea. The rest are notes belonging to

it." (S. P. Dom., James I., ciii. 21. Dated Oct. 4, 1618).

The last account noted of the work appears in a letter

from Sir T. Wilson to the King, written four days after

Ralegh's execution, wherein he suggested that all the MSS.,

sea charts, etc., should be sent to the State Paper Office,

and all the books to be transferred to the King's own

library. The following is transcribed from it : —

" 1618. Nov. 2. . . Hee (Sir W. R.) saith also that

amongst the papers wch eyther Sr George Caluert or

Sr Wm Cockin tooke from his howse there was a booke

of his own writting teaching the art of war by sea

wch hee told mee if hee cold haue recouered his papers

hee wold haue made it perfect & haue dedicated it to

my lord Marquis of Buckingha when hee heard hee

shold bee Lord Admirall." S. P. Dom., James I., ciii. 67.)

A small portion of the MS. is preserved in the British

Museum, Cottonian Collection, Titus B. viii., 24) and is thus

entered in the Catalogue : —

"Two papers, seemingly heads of an intended publica-
tion, the latter being for the preface, both in Sir W.
Raleigh's handwriting."

Of these the following is an accurate transcription : —
The antiquitie of sea fight and in what vessels.
Of battles by sea in older times, and of the Admirals and comanders.
The sea lawes of the Rodians, who were sometimes ye masters of the

mediteran sea.

The dominian of the Tyrians and Carthaginians by sea.
The sea fights of the Gretians and Carthaginians.
The sea lawes of the Romaynes and their marine policies.
The lawes of Oleron and of the Admirals of France.

Devon Notes and Queries. 239

The Admirals of Ingland and Holland.

The battles by sea betweene the Inglish and French and their maner

of fight.
That ye comodious and capable sorts belonging to any prince or state

gives them ye meanes to be Masters of ye sea.
The decay of ports in Ingland and in France.
What ports ye King of Spayne hath, how many of them are capable

of good shipps and how many are bare.
Ofye art of warr by sea wherin is taught the advantage of fight

fro the single fight of one shipe to one of two shipps to one' of

small fleets, of great fights, of the fight of Galhes, of bourding

and fighting att large, what shipps are fitted for fight, of what

burden, and what quantitie of oordenance wth all other things

apptayning to that warr.
Of the times of the yeere fit for invasions by sea wth the loss and

ruine of those y1 have not obserued it
Of the King of Spaynes weakness in the West Indies, and how that

rich trade may be taken from him.

Of his weaknes in the east Indies and what places he holds in both.
That the Inglish in ye late warr wth Spayne haue rather taught them

then impouerished them and that petty invasions are more pfit-

able to the invaded than to the invader.
That the Turcks may be easely beaten in ye Mediteran sea, and y* his

force is farr inferior to ye force of y« Christians, and y* the

Christians have bine many times beaten by them by their ignorance

in sea fight.
That it is not the trade wch the Inglish and Hollanders have yl makes

us and them so powerful by sea, but it is our forcible trades

y1 hath inabled us, to wch force the hollanders have attayned by

the inglish ordenance.

(If these offend ye King, they may pple in expences but perish
in pfitt, the sands of Norm : and picardi and the rocks of
brit. will cast them homward on our coast).
How trade and mariners may be attayned.
That ther is nothing yl so much discouers the judgment of a prince

as his enterprises.
That all wisdom, indeuor and valeur of private men is w'hout succes

when God takes wisdome fro the Magistrate.

[N.B. — The above portion within brackets is in the
same handwriting as the rest, but apparently was not written
at the same time. It is not clear where it should be placed

in the text.]

THE P'FACE.

Cap. i. The antiwuitie of sea fight, and their weapons of elder tiroes, c.l.
Cap. 2. The great fleets used in those dayes. cap. 2.
Cap. 3. That those princes and states vsed many Comanders att once

in their sea warr.
Cap. 4. The office of an Admiral or sea general ye antiquitie and

when brought into forme.

240 Devon Notes and Queries.

Cap. 5. The law of the sea auntient and modern.

Cap. 6. Ihe ART of WARR by SEA.

Cap. 7. The building and vitling of shipps.

Cap. 8. What fashon shipps and of what burden are fittest for ye warr.

What ordenance and how many for euery shipp.
Cap. 9. The consideration of the times of the yeere in invasion by

diuers in diners countries.
Cap. 10. The reason ye victories of ye Inglish vppon ye Spaniards

both by sea, and in ye Indies.

That it is not the great trade wch ye Hollanders have y* makes

them so powerful by sea.
Cap. ii. That the Inglish who might haue mastred ye world by sea

haue lost that aduantage by the negligence, ignorance, and

covetuousnes of private psons.

That the Inglish may in a short time recover this power.
Cap. 12. That the Portugals may be beaten easely out of the east,

and ye Spaniards out of ye West with no great charg.

The advantahe wch the Christians have over the Turcks in

ye Meditera sea.
Cap. 13. That the Christians are equal to the Turcks in land forces,

y* the[y] have the aduantage of arms and infinitely exceed them in

their forces by sea.

The little force of Gallies and how to be resisted.
Cap. 14. — That all petty attempts are more pfitable to the invaded than

to ye invader.
Cap. 15. That the Wisdome of all princes and states is best decerned

in their enterprises.

That all art and industrie of pticular psons is but vayne when God

bereues the magistrate of vnderstanding.

When these are carefully collated together, it will be
fairly evident they formed some portion of the introduction
to Ralegh's original MS. of his lost treatise of The Art of
War by Sea. The first sheet is apparently a draft copy of
the contents of the entire work (or of those sections of it
that were completed by the author), of which the second
is an abbreviated form, and divided into chapters, with
" the Preface " as heading. Tytler, in his Life of Ralegh
(1833), 464-6, was probably the first author to point out
that the " fragment " belonged to Ralegh's long-lost treatise.
He printed the whole of the first portion (not verbally
correct) ; " Then," he adds, " on another sheet are marked
the chapters of the intended work from i to 15, which
merely embrace the above matter somewhat differently
divided."

The foregoing lists, happily preserved among the Cotton
MSS., are now printed at length for the first time. They

Devon Notes and Queries. 241

serve to give a resume of the contents of one of the
principal works of Ralegh on naval subjects, and although
at present date on the missing list, there appears to be
yet some hope of its discovery among the records pre-
served in the State Paper Office if the suggestion of Sir
T. Wilson was carried out. T. N. BRUSHFIELD, M.D.

129. HALWELL CHURCH SEAT.

19 Maij, 1616.

Memorandum That the daie and yeare afforesaid
the Right Reuerend Father in God William by God's
pmission Bp° of Exon gaue leaue and licence vnto W.
Lackington of Hallwell to build erect and set up his
seate in the North He of the parrishe church there
in statu quo prius wch was latelie pulled downe by
Mr. Slanninge Churchwarden by the direction of John
Purnell the younger and some others it is supposed.

Further I wishe that the Warden shall

redeliuer the key of the Church dore

to Mr. Martin as well for the neerness Willm- Exon.

of his Dwellinge as for his convenience

for Christnings Burrialles and the like. '

Endorsed. Lackington
de Holwell.
The bishopps order to
buyld the seat 19 May
1616.

J.B.R.

130. THEOPHILUS GALE. — The Rev. Prebendary Jackson
has kindly sent me the following inscription from King-
steignton Church : —

Here lieth The

Ophilus Gale

Dr of Divinitie

and Vicar of

Kingsteinton

and Bridget his

wife both which

departed this life

in the month of

May 1639.
A shield: Gale impaling Walrond. A.J.P.S.

242 Devon Notes and Queries.

131. A DEVONSHIRE BRIDGE BUILDER. — The Standard of
1 6th April, 1907, in a leading article says : — " Mr. Lemieux
congratulates Mr. Buxton on his generosity — a tribute which,
if his own statement be accepted, Mr. Buxton only earns on
the principle on which it was paid to the Devonshire magnate
who, * out of his great bounty, built a bridge at the expense
of the county.' "

Who was the Devonshire magnate in question, where
is the quotation taken from, who wrote it, and is it correct ?
I fancy I have seen it before, but with word cost instead of
expense. FRED. C. FROST.

132. COTTELL FAMILY.— In Tristram Risdon's Note Book
(Dallas & Porter, 1897), P- J97 is tne following entry : —
"John Cottell, Mayor of Exeter, i5th Henry 6th" Can
this statement be verified ? I am led to the opinion that
this gentleman was a Mayor of Exeter by the following
facts. John Cottell of Yeolmbridge, son and heir of
Thomas Cottell, of the same place, married as his second
wife, Margaret, daughter of John Copplestone, of Exeter.
This John Cottell's portrait was, till a few years since,
in the old house of the Cottells at Yeolmbridge. He is
depicted as wearing an elaborate chain and collar of
office, and holding in his hand a staff or sceptre. His
arms were, or. a bend gules. Some few years ago
I found, what I believed, were these arms painted in the
old Guildhall at Exeter, and I have no doubt they are
still there, being the first or earliest coat of arms at the
top of the Guildhall on the left hand side on entering
from the street. I shall be glad of information.

W. H. COTTELL.

133. AN EXETER POEM AND ITS AUTHOR, W. H. MERLE
OR DE MERLE. — Two works are entered in the catalogue
of the British Museum Library under the name of William
Henry Merle. The first, entitled Costan$a, a poem, was pub-
lished in London in 1828. It is dedicated to Basil Montagu
" by one deeply indebted to his abilities and heart," and sets
out the story of a guerilla chief, who gained independence
for his district, but was betrayed and carried to the mother
country. The greater part is stated to have been written
long since, and to have been composed " in the hour

Devon Notes and Queries. 243

suffering in a day of trial." The second, bearing the name
of Odds and Ends in Verse and Prose, and " illustrated by
George Cruikshank from designs by the author," was pub-
lished in 1831. In it is buried the following clever poem on
Exeter, which cannot fail to amuse all West countrymen : —

HASTY PICTURE OF A CITY AND ITS INHABITANTS.
Some new houses of red brick — of mud, wood, and plaster ;
Many old ones, which threaten some grievous disaster ;
Many streets without pavement — one or two with sad rough ones ;
With a few pretty young girls, and with many old tough ones ;
Many streets which allow just one cart to go through ;
Just one street big enough, by good luck, to hold two —
By good luck, for in fear so much ground should be waste
Here the market they hold — here display their good tas^e,
And with baskets, old women, stalls, cabbage and meat,
For six months they block up the one side of the street —
Then they change, lest one side should dare laugh at the other,
And the rest of the year deal as wisely with t'other.*
Nor is this the sole rule which a stranger surprises,
Where the time for rejoicing's the week of assizes,
Where the ladies all feelings of woman forego,
Fancy music in chains — find a pleasure in woe !
And resort to the Court to be seen, and to stare,
And to laugh while resounds the wild shriek of despair ;|
Where, by custom's ordained, look a girl in the face,
And forthwith yours is voted a desperate case —
Merely offer an arm, all who near you may stand,
By the morrow will swear that you offered your hand !
Where, at balls so much rudeness and riot's displayed,
Such disputes from all sides for precedency made,
That you're standing three deep — when you stand in your place,
When your turn comes to dance, dancing's out of the case ;
Where, such learning and skill are so wondrously shewn,
That e'en all understand all affairs— but their own !
Hold, enough ! — other features there surely need not, —
Should one reader still doubt of the name of this spot,
Where there's little to please one, and not much to vex one, —
'Tis the pride of the West — 'tis — in short, it is — Exon !

On page 52 of Odds and Ends, Merle refers to his name
as decidedly French in origin, and adds that his grandfather

* It is the custom in this city to hold the market ia the only tolerable street for
six months on the one side, and the other six on the other.

fin most county towns it is the custom for ladies to frequent the courts of justice
as a morning's lounge. At Exeter it seems to be the principal amusement ; and with
little regard to feeling- or delicacy, the criminal hall is preferred. This was written in
1818, and it would appear that the same custom is preserved. It was only at the last
assizes that a prisoner cut his throat in the dock while the jury were deliberating on
their verdict; and, say the papers, "the court was principally filled by ladies."

244 Devon Notes and Queries.

was obliged to fly from the country after the revocation of
the edict of Nantes. His crest was "a blackbird perched on
a coronet." A passage on p. 15 refers to his living "some
years since" in Surrey. He was probably, therefore, a
brother of Clarissa Eliza, only daughter of William Merle,
of Collier's Wood, Mitcham, Surrey, who married on
1 9th June, 1811, at St. George's, Hanover Square, John
Tyrrell (Gent. Mag., 1811, pt. i, 671). From a note on
p. 88 of Odds and Ends he would seem to have lost his
father about 1816. An apostrophe to " Eton, dear re-
member'd spot," occurs on p. 15 of Costanga, and his name
is entered in the Eton School Lists, ed. H. E. Chetwynd
Stapylton, 2nd ed., 1864, as being in the " Fifth Form,
upper division, election 1808," when he is described as "of
Prince's Terrace, Hyde Park, author of several anonymous
works and a frequent contributor to the magazines." From
the entrance book of Dr. Goodall, then the head master, it
appears that Merle was entered at the school on i5th Sep-
tember, 1805, when he was aged 13, and that his birthday
was 1 8th September. He was therefore born on i8th Sep-
tember, 1791. This date is corroborated by the window
in Congresbury Church.

A man of means, enhanced by his marriages, Merle
travelled at home and abroad. The " Letters on a Tour
on Switzerland," which are referred to on p. 124 of Costanga,
as in The New Monthly Magazine, may be from his pen, and
many of his poetic pieces in Odd and Ends are reproduced
from that magazine and from The Library Gazette. A poem
"to my wife on her birthday — Mary," is dated from Venice,
1829. This was his first wife, Mary, daughter and only
child of John Norman, D.L., of Iwood House, Congresbury,
Somerset, who married in 1804, as his first wife, Hester
Richardson Wilkins, d. 1810. Mary Norman was born on
the 4th Deer., 1808, and she was married to Merle on
28th July, 1829. Mrs. Merle inherited from her mother the
estate of Iwood, but her tastes were for foreign residence.
They lived in Paris for the greater part of their married
life, and they were in that city during the revolution of
1848. Mrs. Merle died there on i2th August, 1851, but
was buried at Congresbury. A marble slab to her memory
is in the Iwood chapel in that church. About a year

Devon Notes and Queries. 245

afterwards Merle married Ann, only child of Henry Norman,
of Portbury House, Somerset, a first cousin of his first wife.
Some time before his first wife's death he prefixed a De to
his name. He possessed much artistic skill, " painted fairly,
carved and turned in ivory, and worked and inlaid marbles."
His name was entered in the list of candidates for the
Athenaeum Club on i3th June, 1832. He was proposed by
Dean Buckland and seconded by T. J. Pettigrew, and was
described as of 9, Park Street, Westminster. When he was
elected on 26th February, 1838, his address was 15, Eaton
Place. For many years he lived at 20, Prince's Terrace,
Hyde Park, S.W., a house which was in 1876 taken into
and numbered as 42, Ennismore Gardens. He numbered
among his English friends Thackeray, Landseer, Cruikshank,
Washington Irving, T. C. Grattan and Sir John Bowring,
and in France statesmen like Guizot and Carnot.

De Merle died on 2gth September, 1878, at Ward Hill,
Rowledge, Frensham, Surrey, aged 87, from pleuro-
pneumonia, 14 days (burial certificate.) He was buried on
4th October in Congresbury Church. He was the owner
of I wood chapel in that church, and after his death it was
restored by his widow. One of the stained-glass windows,
representing the " Ascension," is a memorial of him with
this inscription: — "To the glory of God and in loving
memory of W. H. De Merle, Esq , D.L., of this county,
this chapel was restored by his widow, Ann De Merle, 1880.
He was descended from an old Huguenot family, who gave
up home and country for conscience sake. Born Sept. i8th,
1791 ; died Sep. 29th, 1878." His second wife, Ann Norman,
a cousin of the first wife, continued to live at 42, Ennismore
Gardens, but she died on 22nd May, 1894, at the Royal
Hotel, Weston-super-Mare, aged 69 (burial certificate.) She had
undergone two operations. The estate of Iwood descended on
her death to her nephew, the Rev. Harry Bathurst Norman,
rector of Sproughton, near Ipswich. The name of Merle
survives in his first wife's half-brother, the Rev. Alfred Merle
Norman, F.R.S., a leading authority on natural history.

The collections of De Merle and his wives are set out
n the following catalogues : —

(i) Catalogue of the jewels, objects of vertu, lace, etc., of Mrs.
De Merle, sold by Christie 6th Dec., 1894.

246 Devon Notes and Queries.

(2) Catalogue of the collection of porcelain and objects of art of
Mrs. De Merle, sold by Christie 7th Dec., 1894.

(3) Catalogue of books, etc., of W. H. De Merle and others, sold
by Sotheby soth Janyxmd Feb., 1895.

From this catalogue are obtained some particulars as
to three of his anonymous novels. Lot 642 was [Merle,
W. H.] "Melton de Mowbray, or the Banker's Son," first
edition, 1838. 3 vols. Lot 643 was [Merle, W. H.]
" Bathurst, or Church, State and Country as they were," by
the author of " Melton de Mowbray," 1850, 3 vols. This was
a Devonshire novel. In the English catalogue it appears
as " Bathurst, or the Dartmoor Gipsy." Lot 644 was
[Merle, W. H.] " Glenlonely," 1837, 3 vols. This is given
in the English catalogue as " Glenlonely, or the Demon
Fiend," and it was re-issued with the date of 1839. The
opening scene is laid in Tuscany. Lot 656 was De Merle's
original manuscript of the diary of a non-combatant during
the four days' battle of Paris, which was printed in Bentley's
Miscellany, xxiv., 398-407 (1848), as by the author of " Melton
de Mowbray."

This sale included some drawings designed by Merle
and sketched by Cruikshank, a large number of Cruik-
shank's caricatures, and three bundles of letters from him
to Merle, upwards of 40 of which related to borrowed
money. The Rev. A. M. Norman prefixed to these a
memorandum that they showed the possession by Cruik-
shank of a high sense of honour, as he always repaid the
loans at the date that he had promised.

(4) Catalogue of the contents of 42, Ennismore Gardens, property
of Mrs. De Merle, sold by Phillips nth March, 1895.

Merle's widow bequeathed to the South Kensington
Museum in 1894 (i) Landseer's painting of "Lion," a
Newfoundland dog, which was No. 251 in the winter ex-
hibition of that artist's paintings at Burlington House, 1874 ;
it was engraved by C. G. Lewis in 1856 ; (2) a painting in
oil upon copper representing the Crucifixion of Christ
between the two thieves ; (3) painting in oil on panel,
interior of Antwerp Cathedral from the western end, signed
" Peeter Neeffs"; the architecture was by him, the figures
by Sebastiaen Francken ; (4) flounce of needle point lace
" point plat de Venise," I7th cent., much restored with tape.

Devon Notes and Queries. 247

Merle owned some very fine old silver, Caroline, Crom-
wellian, etc., which was not sold. His widow was a collector
of old lace.

In the collection of the above facts I have been much
helped by the Rev. Dr. Hornby, provost of Eton College;
the Rev. R. H. Maunsell-Eyre, vicar of Congresbury ; the
Rev. A. M. Norman, F.R.S. ; and the Rev. Harry Bathurst
Norman, rector of Sproughton, near Ipswich.

W. P. COURTNEY.

134. PEDIGREES OF ST. MAURE AND ZOUCHE. — Pedi-
grees of the families of St. Maure and the Lord Zouche
are fully set forth in the Chancery case of Edward Lord
Zouch, St. Maure and Cantelupe versus Sir John Stowell,
John Fortescue and Richd. Bampfield, 20 Eliz. The
object of the case was to protect title by descent. The
manor of Northmolton and the advowson of the parsonage
and rectory of Blacktowden, formerly purchased by Richd.
St. Maure, Knt., of John Chatteme, clerk, and others, being
in dispute. The pedigree of St. Maur and Zouch, through
whom the Leys traced descent from Hen. I., is to be found,
amongst other Devon items, in a work entitled the Ley
Family, circa 1650; folio, 69 leaves of vellum, priced at
^"22 by a London bookseller. J.H.R.

135. TUDOR PERSECUTION IN EXETER. — Can any reader
of Devon Notes and Queries put an enquirer in the way of
finding out whether any Lollards were punished or put to
death in Exeter or in the diocese in the xiv.-xv. centuries ?
In Bishop Stafford's Register the order of the King in
Council is published as sent down, but no books appear
to say anything about actual persecutions.

Also how many, if any, Nonconformists were punished
here in Elizabeth's reign. ELIJAH CHICK.

136. GODFREY OF TOTNES. — According to "An Armory
of the Western Counties from unpublished MSS. of the
i6th century," by the Rev. S. Baring-Gould, MA., and
Robert Twigge, F.S.A., there was a Godfrey of Totnes,
whose arms were : Arg. a griffon segreant sa.

Can any reader tell me anything concerning the origin
and history of the family, and when the arms were granted ?
I may point out that the arms are similar to those of

248

Devon Notes and Queries.

Godfrey of co. Bedford, Godfrey of Dartford, co. Kent,
and Godfray, of Jersey. Although the name is uncommon
in many localities, I notice there are a great many Godfreys
in South Devon. Can this be accounted for ? The name
of Prouse, for instance, is frequently met with in the same
locality, and we know that in olden times the Prouses
were very important people in South Devon, and doubtless
left many descendants to perpetuate the name. Perhaps this
was also the case with the Godfreys of Totnes. F.G.

137. PETER'S FARTHINGS. — Since touching on this sub-
ject in the Transactions of the Devonshire Association (vol. xxxviii.,
p. 521) I have noticed in John Nichols' Illustrations . . . " some
remarks on certain classes of money-payments made by vicars
to the See-church of Lincoln," which have led me to suspect
that the " Peter's Farthings " of Devonshire (a tax claimed at
least as early as 1453 from all householders of the Exeter
diocese for the upkeep of the fabric of St. Peter's Cathedral)
may have corresponded to one of these. The first, known
as " Latere Jerusalem" is demonstrated by Nichols to have
been distinct from " Procurations " and " Synodals," with
which it has sometimes been confounded ; and Cowell's
Interpreter is referred to for the explanation that " Latere
Jerusalem" so called from the first words of the Introit to
the Mass on Mid-Lent Sunday, were the old duty of
Quadragesimals, or the customary oblations made by the
inhabitants of a diocese to the Mother (Cathedral) Church,
which by degrees settled into an annual composition charged
upon the parochial priest, and paid through the Archdeacon.
The Whitsun oblations were similarly commuted into the
rated payment of " Whitsun Farthings," and in some cases
these two payments falling due so nearly at the same time,
were blended under the denomination " Pentecostals." As
to the incidence of such taxes, I note that in Devon, Peter's
Pence in 1531 ... " ys thys gathered . . . as every
howse holder doye pay ob. a^d every cotter doth pay qdrans "
(see D.N. £» Q., vol. II., p. 35). It has already been re-
marked that the terms '• Peter's Pence " and " Peter's
Farthings " were apparently interchangeable in Devonshire
long after the Reformation.

ETHEL LEGA-WEEKES.

EXETER CHURCHES

NOTES ON THE HISTORY FABRICS AND

FEATURES OF INTEREST IN THE CHURCHES

OF THE DEANERY OF CHRISTIANITY

DEVON

BY

BEATRIX F. CRESWELL

INTRODUCTION.

The Deanery of Christianity includes all the Parish
churches of Exeter and its suburbs, with the neighbouring
parish of Heavitree, and that of Countess Wear. The three
and thirty churches thus grouped together represent buildings
of every date, from before the Conquest to the present day,
when the church of St. Matthew remains uncompleted.

Exeter churches are admittedly poor in style. The
Cathedral has no rival in the city. We have no magnificent
parish church like that of St. Mary Redcliff, Bristol, to
compete with it in interest and beauty. It must be confessed
that the parish churches of Exeter, whatever may be their
interests (and these are greater than most people know) have
no beauties at all. But if we study them in connection with
the history of the city, the story told in their stones becomes
a very interesting one.

Taken all together, there is much to be said of them in
common, before we study each church individually. How
they actually came here we shall never know, there is no
record anywhere of Exeter save as a Christian city. Roman
and Saxon alike arrived to find her Christian, and no heathen
peoples ever left any impression within her walls.

The Saxons did not interfere with the British Christians of
Caerwisc. They had themselves been converted by S.
Augustine long before they came so far west, but they neither
drove out the British, nor occupied their churches. They
settled beside them, and built churches of their own.

Historians tell us that Briton and Saxon lived together in
Exeter, " sharing equal rights." But they contrived to live
peaceably by each nation keeping carefully within its own
part of the city, the British to the north, the Saxons to the
south, with the Fore Street making the boundary between
them.

Mr. Kerslake's pamphlet on The Celt and the Teuton in
Exeter is universally accepted as an authority, although
Freeman calls its conclusions " an ingenious inference."
Still he made use of that inference in his history, and all

2 EXETER CHURCHES.

other writers have adopted the theory that the dedications to
British saints in the churches, shew where the British quarter
of the city was situated, apart from the Saxon settlers.

Starting from the central church of St. Petrock, with its
unmistakably Celtic dedication, he continues : — " The next
parish northward is St. Kerrians, we are now certainly on
British ground, whatever may surround us. Adjoining St.
Kerrians and St. Petrock is St. Pancras, this is a catholic
dedication it is true, but there are others of it on the Cornish
side of the county — the Exeter St. Pancras does not rest on
its own claims to British origin. It is so completely embedded
and surrounded in the group of parishes now being submitted
to judgment that it must inevitably go with the rest. Filling
the space from the north boundary of St. Kerrians and St.
Pancras up to the north wall of the city is the parish of
St. Paul. It can scarcely be doubted that this is one of the
famous British saints of that name, most likely St. Paul,
Bishop of Leon, in Armorica, an insular Damnonian Briton
by birth and connection."

In considering the duplicated dedication of All Hallows
and St. Mary (common to both nations), Mr. Kerslake
includes All Hallows, Goldsmith Street, and St. Mary Arches
in his group of Celtic churches, thus denoting the boundary of
the British town, approached by the north gate, beyond which
on the hill top without the walls stands the undoubtedly
British church of St. Davids.

The Saxons in their turn, had dedications to St. Lawrence,
St. George, St. Stephen, and St. Martin, with All Hallows on
the Walls and St. Mary Steps. The dedications of St. Olave
and St. Edmund may be left for consideration when we note
those two churches.

This may be regarded as the " prehistoric " history of the
churches of Exeter ; the first touch of actual fact comes at
the time of the Conquest, when William the Conqueror
ordered the Provost of Exeter to pay a penny yearly to
twenty-nine parish churches, the money to be taken from the
city tolls. In the reign of King John, a certain Peter de
Palerna, a citizen of Exeter, left in his will a penny to be paid
yearly to twenty-eight parish churches, which are there
mentioned by name, the interest of the document being in
these names, as shewing which churches were standing in

INTRODUCTION. 3

Exeter at the beginning of the thirteenth century. Of the
twenty-eight on the list the names of twenty-five are familiar
to us, and twenty of the buildings remain as parish churches
at the present day.

The document is translated at full, in Dr. Oliver's History
of Exeter : —

" Let all present and future persons know, that I, Peter de Palerna
with the consent of Ysabel my wife, and of my heirs, have granted and
given a rent of 28d. from a messuage which Stephen of Wales holds,
which lies between the land which was Baldwin Bulmer's, and the land
of Ralph Helffren's, unto the twenty-eight chapels underwritten :

St. Sativola St. George

St. Bartholomew St. John

St. Stephen St. Edward

St. Martin St. Edmund

St. Peter the great St. Thomas

St. Mary the great (Major) All Hallows

St. Mary the little (Steps?) St. Olave

St. Peter the little St. Mary (Arches ?)

St. Petrock St. Kieran

St. James St. Pancras

Holy Trinity St. Paul

St. Mary Magdalene (the Holy Trinity
Leper's Hospital) St. Leonard

All Hallows St. Lawrence

To be received and to be had by the same chapels for ever so that the
foresaid Stephen and his heirs shall yearly pay the said rent at the two
terms, to wit, on Lammas Day and Candlemas Day, to the chaplain of St.
Lawrence for the time being, as the Procurator, whom I appoint to dis-
tribute the same rent to the chapels aforesaid. And the chaplain of St.
Lawrence for the time being, for the burden of his procuration and labour
shall receive the relief from the land aforesaid when it shall fall in. And
this same chaplain of St. Lawrence shall faithfully pay the rent aforesaid
to the said chapels for the keeping of my anniversary and that of my wife
Ysabel, and the memory of my predecessors and successors, every year
on the morrow of St. Blaise. And that this my gift may continue stable
I have confirmed it by the present writing and the addition of my seal.
Witnesses, Eude de Bello Campo, then Sheriff ; William Dirlingthen,
mayor ; Roger Fitz-Henry and Nicholas Gervase. then provosts ; William
Hastement, Roger Baubi, Laurence Taylour, Robert Painter, Emesius
Briteville."*

It will be observed that Peter de Palerna especially calls
these churches chapels, as if they had not at that date attained
the dignity of parish churches. It was in 1222 that the
churches and parishes of Exeter were limited to the number

* f.n. Hist. City Exeter, Oliver, 1861, p. 154.

4 EXETER CHURCHES.

of nineteen. One suspects that the building of these small
chapels had become excessive, few of them were of any size?
that we may gather from those left, and I suspect that many
of them may have been of no more dignified material than
cob. The present buildings, these little red churches with
which we are familiar, are built of local stone, with a great
deal of rubble introduced, the material, on the whole, being
very poor indeed.

Bishop Simon d'Apulia (1214-1223) is credited with having
limited the parishes, though Oliver asserts that the act existed
only in the imagination of Izaacke when writing his history of
Exeter. A comparison of Peter de Palerna's names with those
of the existing parish churches, will shew those that were sup-
pressed, but we have no clue to the particular reason for choos-
ing those which remain, and for some time later they were still
called chapels, and none of them had any right of burial. That
was reserved for the Cathedral body, who had all the fees.

From the i3th to the iyth centuries the history of Exeter
churches must be considered individually, but during the
Commonwealth the same fate befel them all.

In 1656 an ordinance of Parliament was passed that "for
the better promoting and preaching of the Gospel " the
churches of Exeter were to be reduced to the number of four,
the parishes united, and the other churches sold or used as
burying places or schools. The four they reserved were St.
Petrock's, St. Mary Major, St. Mary Arches and St. Edmund's.

The fate of some of the others is recorded :
St. Stephen's Church with the cellar under the

same, sold nth May, 1658 to Toby Allen for £100 o o
St. Kerrian's sold to the parishioners (same date) ^"63 13 4
St. Martin's do. do. do. £100 o o

St. George do. do. do. £100 o o

St. Lawrence do. do. yth June, 1658 £100 o o

All Hallows, Goldsmith Street, sold to Dr. Vil-

vaine, June gth, 1658 ... ... ... ^"50 oo

St. Pancras sold to the parishioners ... ... ^50 o o

All Hallows on the Walls, unroofed and sold for ^"33 6 8
Trinity sold to the parishioners, igth June ... £100 o o
St. Mary Steps, i4th September, 1658 ... £100 o o

St. John's Bow ... ... ... ... £100 oo

St. Paul purchased by the parishioners, gth Nov. ^"105 o o

INTRODUCTION. 5

Certainly the parishioners of Exeter are much to be
commended for the gallant manner in which they rallied round
their churches and bought them in, hoping no doubt for the
happier times when they might again attend divine service in
them. And their faith was rewarded by the Restoration of
Church and King but two years later, when the parish
churches returned to their proper parochial uses, albeit
somewhat damaged by the treatment they had received.
Some indeed never quite recovered from it. All Hallows on
the Walls remained in a ruinous condition until the igth
century when it was wholly removed, the present church
which has inherited its name, not standing upon the same site.

It has been constantly found necessary to unite the Exeter
parishes. There have always been more churches in the city
than incumbents to serve them, or, perhaps, congregations to
fill them. We hear of St. Mary Steps held with St. Edmund's,
St. Olave held with St. Mary Arches in the i8th century. At
the present day we have several churches united under the
same Rectors, besides the united parishes of St. John and St.
George, where the latter church has been pulled down.

The destruction of these old churches is regrettable, not
perhaps for any architectural merits they may have possessed,
but that in each dedication we lose an historical landmark.
One cannot help feeling sorry that Exeter no longer has a
church dedicated to St. George of Merry England, that name
which meant so much to our fighting ancestors. But in 1843
St. George's was doomed, that the street might be widened
(Exeter's perpetual excuse for destroying old buildings) and
St. Kerrian's also went soon.

In this latter name we have a real loss. St. Kerrian was
the patron saint of Cornish miners, and, in the old British
dedication, we have no doubt the tinner's church, to which they
would have resorted when coming in to Exeter with the tin
from the Dartmoor streamings, the export of ; which made
Exeter renowned as " Exestria clara metallis," Exeter famed
for white metal.

Another British landmark has gone in the early years of
the 2oth century with the disappearance of All Hallows,
Goldsmith Street, " Omni Sanctorum in Aurifabria," as it is
named in Bishop Stapeldon's Register for 1309, when no doubt
the goldsmiths of Exeter wrought their craft in the street

6 EXETER CHURCHES.

beside the church that now exists no longer. Shabby
though they may have been, we cannot help regretting the
disappearance of these places so long sanctified by the dust of
the dead and the prayers of the living. And as each one
vanishes we wonder which will be the next victim to the
mania for what is called "improvement," in which name every
succeeding generation sweeps away the work of those who
imagined themselves to be making lasting improvements on
the face of the earth in the days gone by.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Dymond, R. The Suhwban Parish of St, Leonard.
The Parish of St. Petrock.
All Hallows, Goldsmith Street.

Jenkins, Alexander. History and Description of Exeter.

(Chapter vi. describes all the churches as they appeared at
the time of his writing. The statements are not always reliable,
but the information is extremely interesting as it shews us
what Exeter churches were like at the commencement of the
igth century. Jenkins published in 1806.)

Kerslake, T. The Celt and the Teuton in Exeter.
Oliver, George, D.D. History of Exeter.

(Chapter xxi, Observations on some of the Churches in
Exeter.)

Ecclesiastical Antiquities in Devon.
Notes upon Heavitree, vol. i., p. 43.
St. Leonard , p. 162.
St. Mary Major, p. 182.
St. Olave, p. 127.
St. Petrock, p. 77.
St. Thomas, p. 52.

Rogers, W. H. Hamilton. Ancient Sepulchral Effigies of Devon.

St. Mary Arches, pp. 30, 279.
Wynard's Chapel, p. 156.
Shorto, Edward H. H. Some Notes on the Church of St. Petrock' s,

Exeter.

Wallis, Alfred. A Sketch of the History of St. Pancras Church.
Notes and Gleanings, vol. i., p. 103.

Worthy, Charles. History of the Suburbs of Exeter.

ALL HALLOWS, GOLDSMITH STREET. 7

Bll Iballows, <3oR>smitb Street.

Since my notes on Exeter churches were first made All
Hallows, Goldsmith Street, has disappeared, the latest
sacrifice to the cry of " street improvement."

A small and inconspicuous building, it stood on the north
side of the Fore Street, the British side as adjudged by
Mr. Kerslake, who assigned it to the Celtic population of
the city. It certainly existed in 1191, for it was mentioned
in Bishop Marshall's mandate of that year. Only one All
Hallows received Peter de Palerna's penny. This, according
to Mr. Dymond, was the church in Goldsmith Street ; but
a century later both churches of the name are recorded in
the Taxatio of Pope Nicholas IV., 1291 ; where " Capella
omnium sanctorum in Aurifabria " is distinguished by name
from All Hallows on the Walls. The name has a double
interest, for it proves at what an early date the goldsmiths,
now vanished like the church, had settled themselves in this
street of the city ; residing together, doubtless, for mutual
protection, in houses well fortified for the defence of the
treasures they would contain at a time when the goldsmith
was the banker as well as the worker in metals for the
community.

A tower was erected about the year 1546. At this period
inventories were being made of church plate and valuables,
with the intention (obvious though unavowed) of despoiling
such churches as happened to be wealthy of their treasures.
The wardens of All Hallows, Goldsmith Street, wisely
decided to expend their wealth on their church, so when
enquiries were made they deposed that "as for the cross
and another chalice they had been sold six years before to
William Smyth, goldsmith, for ye making up of ye tower
or steeple of the church." Another chalice was sold " at the
tyme of the commocion," to pay soldiers' wages when the
city was besieged ; that is at the siege of Exeter during the
Prayer Book rebellion. In the I7th century this tower was
considerably out of repair, and seems to have been a
constant expense to the church authorities until it was
finally cleared away in 1822.

At the sale of the Exeter churches by the Puritan party,
Dr. Robert Vilvaine, a parishioner, bought the church for

8 EXETER CHURCHES.

The building had special associations for him, for
within it were the graves of his father and mother, Peter
and Anne Vilvaine, besides the bodies of other members
of the family buried here in the i6th century. The floor
slab of the Doctor's parents was under the communion
table, the inscription, very illegible, is given by Mr. Dymond.
Peter Vilvaine, sometime steward of Exeter, who deceased
Septbr. 5, 1602, Anne Vilvaine, his widow, deceased, Sept. 24, 1616

This was followed by a poetic epitaph of which only a
line or two can be made out. This stone is now removed
to the church of St. Pancras. Dr. Vilvaine himself was
buried in the Cathedral.

Even after the Restoration there seems to have been
an idea that Exeter contained more parish churches than
were necessary; apparently the congregations had found
they could manage very well with fewer. An undated
pamphlet of the time of Charles II. suggests reducing the
parishes to seventeen and uniting the others. Pending this
motion, which was never carried out, All Hallows, Goldsmith
Street, waited for some time before undertaking any improve-
ments ; but in 1680 the church was reseated, a flagon
purchased, a communion cloth of plush with silk fringe,
and a new Bible. This cloth was crimson, the colour
universally adopted in the Church of England, when the
succession of church colours for different seasons dropped
out of use. The reason why the red was retained is that
it was the colour appointed by the use of Sarum for all those
seasons of the church that were ferial, that is neither festivals
nor fasts ; it will be seen that this rule made the red colour
to be in use the greater part of the year. Remembering this,
it is surprising to find that in 1707 another new communion
cloth was purchased and this time a green one was chosen ;
apparently the wardens thought a change of colour would
be a variety.

Soon, however, restorations in the church ceased, and with
them cessations in the services. A faculty was obtained for
repairing the tower, but it was found almost too ruinous
to remain ; twenty feet of the top was taken down, and two
of the bells were sold to St. Sidwell's. After this there were
no more services for fifty years, and in 1802 Jenkins described
it as being dirty and in bad repair within.

ALL HALLOWS, GOLDSMITH STREET. 9

That "threatened men live long," the case of this church
proves. In 1820 the City Chamber had obtained an act of
Parliament for its removal, as the church was only used
for vestry meetings, and the congregation had ceased to
assemble at their parish church, but resorted for worship to
St. Stephen's.

There was a talk of erecting a new church at the cost
of the city, but the parishioners preferred to have a
compensation in money from the chamber. They also
wished to be united parochially with St. Stephen's. But
the Corporation were so long in coming to a decision that
the vestry finally resolved to restore their church and to
recommence regular Divine Service there.

Of no particular architectural merit, the little building
consisted of a nave and chancel, separated by a chancel
arch, said to date from 1380, and some of the windows
dated from this century; but the church depended greatly
for lighting upon a skylight in the roof of the nave inserted
in 1822. When the custom of evening service became
general this was the first church in Exeter to be lighted
with gas.

The pulpit, a fine piece of Tudor wood carving has
been removed to St. Pancras, together with the mural tablets
and some of the more important floor slabs from the
church.

But in the chancel were an aumbry and a piscina,
brought to light at the restoration of 1883, and these relics
of mediaeval days have practically perished with the
demolition of the chancel walls. The only important mural
tablets were in the chancel, with a somwhat pathetic
inscription, which readers of the twentieth century may
peruse and thankfully remember that they have escaped
the terrible small-pox scourge of former days : —

Loveday the daughter of Christopher Bellet late of Bochim in
the County of Cornwall Esqr. by Bridget the daughter of William
Pendarves of Roskrow in ye sd county, Esqr. lyes buried near this
place. She died in this city the 16 day of Septr Anno Dom. 1711 of ye
small-pox a distemper so remarkably fatal to her family that no less
then (sic) four of her sisters died of it in the months of Feb and March
1716-17 in the Borrughs of Penryn and Fawy in Cornwall aforesaid.

(Arms — now much obliterated — Or, on a chief azure two
cinquefoils of the field.)

io EXETER CHURCHES.

Near this place lyeth Bridgett the wife of Sampson Hele of this
city sister to Loveday Bellett etc, as satt forth in ye monument
adjoyning who also dyed of that most fatal distemper the small-pox ye
roth of June A.D. 1719.

This tablet has had upon it the arms of Hele, five fusils
in bend ermine, impaling BELLETT, but they are nearly
obliterated.

Both these tablets are now in St. Pancras church. The
Bellett Monument is believed to have been designed by
Grinling Gibbons, who visited Exeter in 1711.

The history of this church during the igth century is
a history of restorations. In the "fifties" the Revd. Charles
Worthy was Rector, and finding the church in a most
unsatisfactory condition he undertook the restoration of
the chancel roof.

It is said that when the old timbers were removed the
mummified remains of an unfortunate cat were found among
the beams.

A south-west door led into the church, and a small
graceful font stood at the west end under a gallery. This
west wall was a rebuilding, and having been completed in
1887, tne work was regarded as a Jubilee memorial, the
Royal arms were affixed above the font, and a brass plate
recorded :

" The west wall of this church was rebuilt and a new window
inserted to the glory of God and to mark the completion of the 5oth
year of the illustrious reign of her most gracious Majesty Queen
Victoria, 20th June, 1887."

The old pews were then removed and their panels made
into a dado round the walls, thus uncovering many floor
slabs that had long been hidden away.

One of these, commemorating Thomas Westlake, was
particularly conspicuous from its armorial bearings and the
Latin epitaph upon it :

Here lyeth the body of Thomas Westlake gent who departed
this life the 3 day of January Ano Dom 1665.

Zenas secundus noverint universi suum
Nactus quietus est lite et tumultu fori
Obdormit intus ulla non excitandus tuba
Ni judicis supremi quam exaudiet hilarii
Vixit maritus Genitor patronus dominus
Fidusq amicus conjugi natis clientibus
Seruis bonisq omnibus vix flendus satis abi
Nunc lector et dehinc causidicis magis fave.

ALL HALLOWS, GOLDSMITH STREET. n

Here also lyeth the body of Mary Westlake relict of Thomas
Westlake who died the 28th of August, 1669.

Here with her husband lies a Saint, wife, mother
The world can hardly boast of such another
Her knowledge ('bove her sexe) in Ihinges divine
Was not unfruitful but in grace did shine
One month to her birth, wedlocke, death did give
Now shee is gone in endlesse blisse to live.
Here lieth the body of Sarah Westlake ye daughter
of Thos. Westlake of this city gent deceased who
departed this life the 20 day of October

A.D. 1666.

Here lies the heiresse of her Father's face,
Sage, with grave carriage and diviner grace.
The Muses Votiry, whom kind cruell fate
Ravisht from us and did to Heav'n translate ;
Such plants God from earth's nurs'ry doth remove
Betimes to heav'nly paradise above.
(ARMS. Gules on a saltire 5 martlets: impaling, paly of six

ermine and gules.)

The epitaph is a good example of the "fashion"
frequently to be seen in epitaphs of the date, of putting
the man's commemoration in Latin, and his wife's in English.
The stone was used again in 1809 to , commemorate John
Mildrum and his wife. It is to be placed over his grave
in Polsloe Cemetery, whither the bodies taken from the
church have been removed.

The grave stone of Anne Salter has been placed there,
it is inscribed on a ledger line.

Anne Salter wife of Anthony Salter lyeth here who dyed the
the I4th of July, 1606.

Also tablets to record that

Underneath lyeth the body of Mr. Thomas Cornish, who departed
this life 4th of August 1759 aged 47.

Sacred to the memory of Thomas Brown native of Nottingham
who departed this life February 6th 1817 aged 70 years.

Sacred to the memory of the Revd. Matthew Vicars Rector of
Godmanston in the county of Dorset and for 21 years Rector of
this parish the church of which he opened after it had been closed
for 60 years. He departed this life May 25th 1853 aged 80. This
tablet was erected by his parishioners and friends who attended
and valued his zealous ministrations. Blessed are the dead which die
in the Lord yea saith the Spirit for they rest from their labours
and their works do follow them. Rev. xiv, xiii.

For many years longer the threat of demolition hung
over the church ; once again the Exeter Corporation Act

12 EXETER CHURCHES.

of 1900 empowered the city to remove All Hallows,
Goldsmith Street, and use the site for the purpose of street
improvements, and neither its record of a thousand years,
nor the dust of the dead within could save it. For a few
years, as if on sufferance, it occupied its ancient corner,
and the bell in the western gable tinkled for occasional
services. The last service was held on Dec. loth, 1905,
the text of the sermon being, " Little children, it is the
last time," and the congregation was in full sympathy with
the solemn occasion. In the spring of 1906 the work of
demolition commenced, and " Ecclesia omnium sanctorum in
Aurifabria" no longer exists.

The communion plate, now at St. Pancras, includes a i6th
century covered communion cup with the Tudor rose on the
lid, and a conventional design round the cup similar to other
cups of the same date and pattern found in Exeter churches.

The mazer bowl, itself ancient, was presented to the
church in 1843, by W. R. Sobey, goldsmith. There is a
pewter flagon of 1680, a pewter plate, and an alms bowl
of the same metal marked " All Hallows Exon 1862 G.M."
Besides these there is a silver chalice, two patens, and a
flagon of modern plate.

In 1883 the late Mr. R. Dymond contributed a long
and interesting account of this church to the Exeter and
Plymouth Gazette ; it has never been reprinted, and I am
much indebted to Mrs. Dymond for kindly lending me all
the newspaper cuttings in which it appeared, with other
extracts referring to it.

As with other such histories by Mr. Dymond, a paro-
chial and family history is included with the structural
account of the church, and also notes from the registers,
and wardens accounts, and all the monumental inscriptions.

These have been again included in a later account of
the church written by Mr. Harbottle Reed, for the Devon
Association, and published in the Transactions for 1903,
a last reminiscence of the building before its impending
demolition took place.

This also includes a list of the Rectors from 1309 : —
Philip de Essewauter — 1309
Sir Walter de Essewauter — 1312
Walter de Ryschforde — 1331

All Hallows on the Walls.

ALL HALLOWS ON THE WALLS. 13

Sir Thomas Spenser — 1336

Sir John Abraham — 1338

Sir Thomas Bolapythe — 1360

John Fraike — 1369

John Pruet — 1407

Hugo William — 1438

Robert Wylle — 1440

John Floxe — 1443

John Tregithrow —

Richard Haydon — 1527

Richard Widthorpe — 1531

(1622 Master Radford Maverick appears as curate at

the visitation 1630 William Shears M.A.)
Robert Spark — 1635 instituted on the presentation of

King Charles ist
William Shears — 1636
In 1668 we get the record " Wm Humphreys reads

prayers there "
John Lome — 1680
Edward Bradford— 1683
There is then no institution of a Rector until 1821,

when Matthew Vicars was instituted Dec. 5th, 1821
Theodore Coldridge — 1843
Charles Worthy— 1851
Sackville Usher Bolton Lee — 1861
William Heathman Parkhouse — 1867
John Gerard Davis — 1875
William John Wesley Webb— 1876
Revd. William Hope— 1882

Ell Ibailows on tbe Mails.

A study of any old map of the city of Exeter will
shew that the original position of this church was almost at
the foot of the present Fore Street ; a site it occupied
when the entrance to the city from the west was over the
ancient bridge, and then by a sharp turn, after the West
Gate was passed, before the Fore Street and High Street
were reached. Here on the city wall, or close against it,
the Saxons built their church of All Hallows, Exeter

14 EXETER CHURCHES.

preserving this old English term in the dedication rather
than the newer name of All Saints.

After the Commonwealth, the church stood on the wall,
roofless, and almost a ruin. The three bells were sold in
the 1 7th century, and the dilapidated building remained a
reminder of a mournful past, until 1770, when it was
removed at the time of the building the new Exe Bridge,
when by an alteration in the streets, the new Bridge Street and
Fore Street met and came down in a straight line to the river.

The parish however still existed, surviving like so many
Exeter parishes have done, all the vicissitudes of its church.
In 1843 it was resolved to build a new parish church on
a site considerably farther north than that of the original
building. The foundation stone was laid by Bishop
Phillpotts, April 4th, 1843, and the completed building was
consecrated September 22nd, 1845, the architect being Mr.
C. T. Hayward. The church is built of limestone, having an
embattled western tower of three stages, which until recently
was finished with pinnacles. These, like the other dress-
ings of the church were of Beer stone, and had become so
unsafe through weathering that they were removed in 1902.
The entrances are through a west door, or south porch.

There is little to note in the interior, which consists
only of nave and chancel, divided by a simple arch ; across
this is a light screen of wrought iron, surmounted by a cross.

The windows are poor, filled with coloured glass of about
the date of the erection of the church ; one of the worst
periods of coloured glass. The font is good, in the modern
Gothic style.

Round the sanctuary is painted : —

Quid enim mihi est in coelo ? et a te quid volui super terram ?

The parish register dates from 1694 5 Dut there are no
registers of marriage for more than a hundred years.

Of this church Freeman remarks, " The new All Hallows
on the Walls in its general outline is a decided success,
and has distinctly improved the general view of that part
of the city." And it is still near enough to the Wall to
claim the name given to its predecessor in Bishop Stapeldon's
Register for 1325, " Ecclesia Omnium Sanctorum juxta muros
Civitatis Exoniensis."

BEDFORD CHAPEL. 15

ifBefcforfc Cbapel.

This building is extra parochial, and has, as far as I
am aware, no dedication. The site it occupies was that
which in former days was covered by the Convent of Black
Friars, which was given, after the dissolution of the
monasteries, to Lord Russell and occupied by that family
for several hundred years as Bedford House. Here the
Royal flag floated to proclaim that Exeter had been relieved
by Lord Russell and Sir Peter Carew after its long siege
in 1549. Here Henrietta Maria took refuge during the
Rebellion, and here her daughter, the youngest child of
Charles I., afterwards Duchess of Orleans, was born.

Yet, in spite of all its ancient and historical associations,
Bedford House was demolished in the i8th century, and
two rows of houses, first known as Bedford Crescent, and
afterwards (when completed) as Bedford Circus, built on
the site.

On the western side part of the land was secured, and
Bedford Chapel erected by subscription in 1832, as a
proprietary chapel, the living being a perpetual curacy.

On the exterior, at the sides of the western window, the
date of the building, 1832, is inscribed. The building shews
a striking peculiarity when entered from the back, having
schoolrooms and parish rooms below, the church being
upstairs. This may be accounted for by remembering
that all the houses have underground kitchens. From
the front the floor is level with the street, and the front
has pillars on either side of the door, above which are a
pediment and a bell turret.

When we enter we find that the peculiarities of this
remarkable architectural effort are not exhausted; galleries
go round three sides, and a very small font is at the east
end, the altar due west. The whole appearance of the
building gives one an impression that the original designer
was not sure whether he was building a church or a theatre,
or having been asked to design both at the same time,
had got his plans mixed.

Yet a considerable amount of money has been spent
at various times in decorating, or trying to decorate the
place. The stone pulpit cost ^"450, and there is a handsome

16 EXETER CHURCHES.

brass eagle lectern. The roof is very lofty and arched,
decorated with gilded ornaments, and wreaths of gilded
laurel adorn the walls. Round the altar are painted the
Creed, Lord's Prayer and Commandments, and the Royal
arms appear above them all.

There are a few mural tablets, but none with any
armorial bearings upon them. Near the pulpit a brass has
following inscription : —

"To the glory of God, and in loving memory of

Emily Philips Drew

Who fell asleep July 3ist 1896

The alterations in the sanctuary were made

And new communion rails erected

By her sister Rosa."

The registers of this extra-parochial district are incor-
porated with those of St. Stephen's parish. Of the building
one can only say that it has but this merit, it preserves
a certain sacredness to a locality where for many centuries
the Dominican Convent of Black Friars never omitted
the sounds of prayer and praise through all the hours of
day and night.

St. 2>a\>ffc's,

Outside the city walls, on a piece of rising ground known
as St. David's Dune stood the little British church, or chapel
of St. David. When Athelstane drove the Celts out of Exeter
those who quitted the city by the northern road must have
passed it on their way, the last bit of the old home that they
left behind them, we can imagine their pausing there, lin-
gering, looking back, hoping perhaps that they might some
day return thither again. It is not impossible that S. David
himself may have stood here in yet earlier ages Like all the
British saints of the time he was a wandering missionary
before he became a Bishop, and there were perpetual comings
and goings between Wales as we now call it, and " West
Wales," the country of Devon and Cornwall.

Of the later church that stood here we have only Jenkin's
description to tell us anything about it. It was, he says,
" small and irregular, consisting of a nave and one aisle,
without a chancel, the communion table being situated in the

ST. DAVID'S. 17

eastern angle of the nave. The whole building is remarkably
low, as is the tower, which is square, containing four unmusical
bells. The present building cannot lay claim to any great
antiquity, as it was built in the I5th century."

From personal recollections, one cannot help thinking
that this small irregular building must have been quite as
satisfactory as the church that the parishioners of St. David's
produced, when in 1816, the church being in a very bad state
of repair, they proceeded to rebuild it. The plate that was
then fixed upon the foundation stone is now affixed inside one
of the western porches of the present church, inscribed : —

" This first stone of the new church was laid by John William
Williams Esqr, of Duryard Lodge in this parish, Mayor of Exeter, on
the 4th day of June 1816, the birthday of his Majesty George the Third,
and in the 56th year of his reign, undertaken at the end of a war
of twenty years, in which the armies of Great Britain and her Allies
were victorious, and by the ever memorable battle of Waterloo the
downfall of Buonaparte the ruler of France was accomplished and the
repose of Europe re-established."

At the end of the igth century the necessity for further
improvements led to the demolition of this unsatisfactory
church of 1816, and the erection of an entirely new building.

Mr. W. D. Caroe was the architect, and the design
was of no little difficulty, as the Chancellor of the Diocese
required the whole building to be within a certain bound-
ary line ; it was not to exceed the foundations of the second
church, so as to leave the graveyard undisturbed. This
made the erection of the north-eastern tower a matter of
no little skill, as it was puzzling to know how to find
space for the buttresses and supports. The difficulty was
overcome by distributing the greater part of the weight of
the tower upon an increased number of comparatively small
pillars; and the form of the upper part of the tower was
designed to meet the limited conditions of its support. As
soon as the heavy continuous masonry was carried high
enough to give adequate carriage to the bell frame, and
resist the vibration of the swinging bells, it was stopped
short suddenly by an internal balcony. The upper part
of the tower above this consists solely of buttresses bearing
directly upon supports within the church, the walling and
belfry windows between these buttresses forming merely
the lightest possible veil.

i8 EXETER CHURCHES.

I have quoted the above account at length from a short
history of the church published in the Diocesan Gazette,
for May, 1904, as it helps us to understand the rather
peculiar style of the tower. The bells belong to the church
of 1816, and have the name and date inscribed upon them
of T. Mears of London 1817 ; and on the last the names
of William Harding, Samuel Kingdon, Wardens. On the
corner stone at the N. E. angle of the new tower is
an inscription written by the late Bishop Stubbs as
follows : —

Ad majorem Dei gloriam.

This stone was laid by Mrs Thornton West of Streatham Hall in
this parish on the 28th of July 1897, in the 1300th year of the mission
of St Augustine the Apostle of the English, in honour of St David
who about that time was maintaining the light of the Gospel among
the Britons, and in the 6oth year of the reign of Queen Victoria, under
whom all nations of the Empire enjoy light and unity.

The tower is of three stages, with pierced belfry lights,
and a turret on the west side ; a plain parapet table, and
a dwarf conical roof. There are foliage carvings on the
string course, and one of the buttresses carries an image
niche, which one day it is to be hoped will hold a figure
of the patron saint.

The west end of the church is completed with a stone
screen, having flying buttresses and flanked with two small
turrets embattled and spired. The west doors have image
niches over them. There is a priest's door near the vestry,
and an entrance through the tower.

The interior consists of a nave and chancel, ambulatory
aisles, and a south transept ; on the north side the base
of the tower forms a separate chapel with a .second altar.

The nave is broad, the peculiarity of its construction
being due to the necessity of building an enlarged church
within a prescribed space. No one who knew the old church,
with its narrow passages, blocked on either side with high
pews, and darkened by galleries, would ever believe that
the present building occupies exactly the same site, so
much larger does it seem in its breadth of construction.
As there was no room for buttresses outside, they were
placed within, and pierced, thus making the ambulatory
aisle round the nave an unusual and somewhat striking
feature. The roof is supported by stone arches springing

ST. DAVID'S. 19

from these buttresses, widening into vaults, the spaces
between panelled with wood. On the wall plate are figures
of angels holding shields which shew the emblems of the
Passion. A boss on the chancel roof bears the date 1000,
the year of the consecration of this new church by Bishop
Bickersteth.

At the west end is a large square font of freestone
elaborately ornamented. It is supported at the corners
by four shafts, and underneath in the centre is the
remaining fragment of the ancient font, which was found
used as a trough below the pump at the Barnstaple Inn,
where it seems to have been taken on the erection of the
second church in 1816.

The relic is but a fragment, but extremely ancient, and
the rough porous stone of which it is made very much
resembles the stone of the font at Stoke Canon, which is
of indisputable antiquity. Also the shape is very like that
of the Stoke Canon font, and as the base is entirely lost
we cannot say whether it may not have had something of
the same kind of ornament when it was new. In any
case, this relic helps to connect the present church of St.
David with the building of that name mentioned by Bishop
Marshall, in 1194.

The painted glass in the west window represents the
Archangels, and it is hoped in course of time to fill the
small windows in the nave with lights, which will represent
the verses of the Te Deum. As members of " the noble
army of Martyrs," SS. George and Alban have been placed
there in memory of a parishioner who died in the South
African War.

It is to the east end of the church that we naturally
turn, and here no pains have been spared in finishing the
work to the greatest possible perfection. It is rich in
colour, elaborate in decoration, and what is perhaps best
of all, it represents the most careful thought in conception
of the work. Our ancient churches have the story of
centuries written on their stones, too often so much obscured
by lapse of time that the record is almost unreadable.
A new church, if planned with careful thought, may be
filled with church history written in painted glass and
detailed sculpture. Such buildings are very rare ; too often

20 EXETER CHURCHES.

the only thing considered in church building is " how many
seats," and how little can be paid for them.

Such is not the case with the new St. David's, Exeter ;
every feature in the church has been thoughtfully considered,
not only what it was going to be, but what it was going
to mean.

I must express my gratitude to the Vicar, the Revd.
C. J. V. French, for kindly taking me through the church
and pointing out the significance of intention throughout
the building. I have also availed myself of a little pamphlet
written by him in detailing the carvings that decorate the
chancel.

The pulpit is of carved stone, with figures of St. David
and St. Augustine upon it ; the former is represented with
his emblem, the dove, on his shoulder. Above the pulpit
is a carved wood sounding board, having upon it the
arms of the See and those of the family of Gibbs of
Tyntesfield, " Three battle axes in pale" commemorating the
generosity of the late Mr. William Gibbs, who was a most
munificent donor to this parish.

On either side of the chancel arch are niches with figures
in them of Abraham and Melchisedek; while below on
the screen at either side of the gates are the figures of
Our Lady and the Angel Gabriel ; and with this record
of the Annunciation to remind us of the Incarnation per-
petually commemorated at the Altar, we pass within the
chancel to examine the sculptured figures on the choir stalls.

These are especially intended to represent praise and
prayer in the Church. The singers of the Canticles are
shewn in the large figures on the bench ends. Our Lady,
Simeon, Miriam, Hannah, Moses and David, Isaiah and
St. John, with St. Ambrose and St. Augustine, the writers
of the Te Deum. In the niches on the south side are
the hymn writers, from Ephraim of Edessa, who wrote
hymns for the early church in Syria ; St. Gregory Nazianzus ;
and St. Ambrose ; to our own hymn writers, bishop Ken,
bishop Heber, bishop Walsham How, and bishop Bicker-
steth, who has a double right to be here, not only as a
hymn writer, but as bishop of Exeter.

On the north side those whose work has been to
arrange the liturgical services of the church begin with

ST. DAVID'S. 21

St. Osmund, who first used the Sarum Missal. Archbishop
Cranmer, the first reviser of the English prayer book, and
Bishop Cosin, of Durham, who in 1661 gave us the final
revision of the " sealed prayer " book of Charles II. ;
with Bishop Andrews, whose " Rationale of the Book of
Common Prayer " is too little known.

In the panels of the front bench ends are St. Augustine,
St. Gregory, St. Columbs, and St. David. On the north
and south sides in front of the choir stalls, the conversion
of the Heptarchy is represented by the six kings, and the
bishops to whom they and their people owed the introduction
of Christianity. Ethelbert and St. Augustine ; Edwin and
Paulinus ; Oswald and St. Aidan ; Oswy and St. Chad ;
Cynegils and St. Birinus ; Raedwald and St. Felix.

And, in conclusion, the kneeling figures in front of the
priests' stalls represent those four whose names are closely
associated with the organization of the church in England.
Wilfrith of the synod of Whitby ; Theodore, archbishop
of Canterbury, who in the jih century began to form the
separate parishes of the country ; St. Adhelm and Geraint
King of Devon and Cornwall, here given as represent-
atives of the rulers of the ancient British church.

The figures are the work of Mr. N. Hitch, and were
the gifts of Mrs. Thornton West. The reredos, bold and
plain in outline, is equally rich in carving, having upon it
Our Lord in Glory surrounded by apostles and bishops,
chosen as representatives of the apostolic succession.
Below it is the altar of modern mosaic, having angels upon
it holding shields with the emblems of the Passion.

There do not seem to have been many mural tablets
in the church of 1816 ; of the few memorial brasses that
have been placed in this new church, the most interesting
is that in memory of Bishop Tozer, first bishop of Zanzibar.
It is at the west end of the north wall, and inscribed: —

Juxta requiescat Gulielmus Georgius Tozer

Ang. Ecclesiae Kp. Africanum Gentium Doctor in fide

et veritate. Obiit. mdcccxcix.

In front of the chancel is a modern brass with an
angel, in memory of Mary Arabella Duckworth.

Below the chancel is a crypt, used as a choristers' room.
Here is preserved an ancient fragment of stone that looks

22 EXETER CHURCHES.

as if it might have been a stoup, though battered out of
all recognition. It is part of the old church — and of how
old a church, who can say? This relic has always been
preserved in St. David's through all successive changes
and rebuildings.

A silver mace belongs to the church and is carried in
the processions. It has the figure of St. David upon one
side of the top, and on the other the "stags head cabossed"
which is the cognizance of the Dean of Exeter ; but I
have failed to discover what is the connection between the
Deanery and this Parish. The church plate included an
ancient silver two handled chalice, or cup, inscribed "The
Parish of S. David, Devon, 1717." This is the work of
Elston, goldsmith, Exeter.

The church chest has had figures of the four evangelists
mounted upon panels round it. They were carvings from
a pulpit of the i8th century, such as were evidently a
fashion of the date, as there are several examples of such
pulpit in the county.*

The register dates from the year 1599, thus forming
another link between the new church and its predecessors ; and
helping to show us that there is more of antiquarian interest to
be found in St. David's Church than is credited by those who
pass it by as necessarily uninteresting because wholly new.

The few memorial tablets that were in this church
have been replaced on the walls of the new building ;
older ones which were in the church prior to the rebuild-
ing of 1816 have entirely disappeared. At one time under
one of the gallery staircases were preserved, as the late
James Davidson stated, the fragments of an old monument,
painted and gilded. On a slab, fixed against the north
side of the old church, was the following inscription : —

M.S. Viator tamen etsi properas, hoc te monumentum rogat, uti
ad se aspicias, deinde quod scriptum est legas propter hoc marmor

"The pulpit at St. James has the same style of figures upon it
restored. At West Teignmouth there was the same style of pulpit)
mentioned by Polwhele in the i8th century, now with the panels made,
like St. David's, into a church chest. At Off well the pulpit with
identical figures yet remains unaltered and in all the glory of its
sounding board complete.

ST. DAVID'S. 23

situsunt ossaThomae Jefferd equitis aurati hujis civitatis iterum prsetoris
decimum tertium lustrum claudere trepidantis. bonis bene multis triste
sui desiderium relinquentis. Kal. Jan. ano aeere Christianae CIDIDCCIII hoc
volebam ntscius ne esses, vale. S.T.T.L.

Arms : Sable, 3 lozenges in fesse erm., a label of 3 points, arg.
A knight's helmet.^

Some modern brass tablets have also been placed in
the church to commemorate the names of parishioners
lately deceased : —

In memory of Richard Blake died 9th August 1746 aged 54.
Hannah Blake his widow died I5th Aug. 1673 aged 68.

To the memory of Rowland Hunt Esqr, barrister at law of Lincolns
Inn son of the Revd Rowland Hunt D. D. late Rector of Stone-Doyle
co. Northampton, died at Exeter 6 August 1831 in the 65tfl year of his
age.

His only sister Mary Hunt died at Exeter 5 Dec. 1834 in tne 71
year of her age.

Arms : Per pale, argent and vert, a saltire counter-changed,
with a canton ermine.

He brought down my strength in my journey and shortened my
days.

This tablet is erected by Charles Bruton of this parish to the memory
of Mary Ann his affectionate and beloved wife, who departed this life
deeply lamented on the 23rd of March 1844 in tne 4Ist Year of her
age. The many virtues she possessed and the exemplary manners in
which by God's grace she discharged her religious, maternal, and other
duties in this transitory world secured for her general esteem and will
long be remembered by her bereaved husband and children.

The sun shall be no more thy light by day, neither for brightness
shall the moon give light unto thee, but the Lord shall be unto thee
an everlasting light, and thy God thy glory.

This tablet, together with the eastern window of this church is
sacred to the memory of Thomas Snow of Belmont in this parish,
Esqr, born February I5th 1749, died Dec. 28th 1852. Also to the
memory of his wife Margaretta, and daughters Juliana, Lavinia and
Marianne, all of whom are interred in an adjacent vault.

This inscription refers to the east window of the church
of 1816, the tablet, now on the north wall, is probably no
longer near any " adjacent vault."

Memorial brasses dating from the 2oth century.

In memory of William Shapley who died 15 February 1900.
Erected by members of St, David's Working Men's Club.

24 EXETER CHURCHES.

To the glory of God and in memory of William and Francis Danby
the east window of this chapel is dedicated by their children A.D. 1900.

(Arms : Three chevronels braced in the base point of the
escutcheon, in chief 3 mullets, impaling 5 mullets, 3 'and 2, crest a
Crab.)

This brass is on the north wall of the side chapel.

To the memory of Joseph Theophilus Toye who died on Christmas
Eve 1893, and in recognition of his faithful services to God as Vicar
of this parish for 31 years, this tablet is placed by past and present
parishioners.

In memory of William and Sarah Tucker of Holloway and of their
children Elizabeth, Mortimer, Edward, Maria, Abraham and Harriott
(Pearse) the first named died in America the others were buried (1777-
1821) in the churchyard (P.M. 1900.)

In loving memory of John Anderson late Colonel P.W. O.

Regt, and his affectionate wife Harriet (Mo) Anderson. This tablet is

raised by their remaining sorrowing children Thomas Anderson and
Ellie Tripp 1900.

To the loved memory of Robert Frederick Cumming Surgeon Scots
Guards ; eldest son of Robert Cumming of this parish, returned from
the Egyptian Campaign i6th July 1885, died at Richmond Barracks
Dublin i6th October 1885 aged 30. Buried at Little Tew Oxon.

In memory of Arthur Hoskin officer of the Inland Revenue and
sergeant 24 Devon and Imperial Yeomanry. Killed in action at Vlak-
fontein S. Africa May 29 1901 aged 23. This window was dedicated by
his brother officers of the Inland Revenue as a tribute of respect and
admiration.

(Placed below a southern window.)

Below window of south transept.

This window was inserted by many parishioners and friends in
memory of Richard Bowerman West D.L. and as an expression of
gratitude for his generous gifts to the building of this church. He died
8th August 1900.

On the floor near the pulpit, a brass decorated with
an angel holding this inscription : —

Giving thanks to God for Mary Isabella Duckworth widow of Sir
John Thomas Duckworth, and for Mary Georgiana their daughter
March and September mcmii.

(On a ledger line round the brass.)

The souls of the righteous are in the hands of God, their hope is
full of immortality, for God made trial of them and found them worthy
of himself.

Arms : Two lozenges. Argent, on a chevron azure between two
ducks proper in chief and a naval crown of the second in base a

St. Michael and All Angels.

ST. MICHAEL AND ALL ANGELS. 25

bomb fired betw. two estoiles or. on a chief wavy, also az. the words
St. Domingo within a branch of laurel, entwined with another of
oak, or. — DUCKWORTH, impaling, argent on a cross voided sable,
three eagles displayed of the Held. — BULLER. On the second
lozenge, Duckworth only.)

Saint fllMcbael ant) HU

The lofty spire of this church, standing on " Mount
Dinham," at the top of North Street, is one of the most
conspicuous features in any view of the city ; from base to
top it rises to a height of more than 230 feet. - It was
erected as a chapel of ease to St. David's in 1868, the archi-
tect being Mr. Rhode Hawkins, the entire cost defrayed
by Mr. William Gibbs, of Tyntesfield ; and it was consecrated
on the 3oth September, 1868.

The beautiful building, Gothic in style, is built of
limestone with freestone mouldings, the tower of three
stages, with an open parapet table, pinnacles, and completed
with the lofty spire. The belfry lights are pierced, and
the dripstones of every window are completed with
corbelled heads.

The west doorway is particularly fine, having nook
shafts of polished marble with sandstone capitals, the doors
are double, and above them in a circular medallion is a
carving of the seven archangels. In the front St. Gabriel
with the lily, St. Michael with his sword and scales, St.
Raphael with staff and scrip, and behind these the other
four having trumpets.

An ambulatory runs between the western entrance and
the nave, from which it is divided by a stone screen having
a figure of St. Michael on the top, with other angels round
him.

Another small figure of the Archangel surmounts the
alms box for church expenses.

The font is square, standing on marble shafts, and
carved with emblems of the four Evangelists.

The interior of the church consists of nave, north and
south transepts, ambulatory aisles, and chancel. There
are five bays down the nave with circular sandstone pillars,

26 EXETER CHURCHES.

the capitals carved with foliage. Where the mouldings of
the arches meet are brackets ornamented with flowers
and grotesques. Above is a clerestory, the inner shafts of
the windows completed with corbelled heads, and the
shafts that support the timbers of the waggon roof rest
on brackets carved with angels, six on each side, making
a band of angel figures down either side of the church.

The transeptal arches rest on brackets carved with
angels. The pulpit and choir stalls are of carved oak, and
there is a brass eagle lectern.

Of the lancet windows in the aisles, four are filled with
coloured glass as memorials, the names of those com-
memorated being on brasses below. One of these records
the name of Samuel Sebastian Wesley, born August 14,
1810, died April igth, 1876, who was well known as a
musician, and was organist at the Cathedral. The window '
in his memory has in it the figure of David, with the arms
of the see of Exeter.

The shafts on the chancel are marble, and the roof painted,
with angels holding shields of sacred emblems. The walls
are painted in opus sectile, with figures of the prophets,
four on either side,

Jacob, Abraham, David, Moses,

Ezekiel, Daniel, Elijah, Isaiah.

The coloured glass in the east window represents visions
of angels.

The reredos is of Bath stone and marble, decorated with
the figures of the twelve apostles, and in the centre a mosaic
of Our Lord in Glory.

On the south side of the sanctuary are sedilia, and on
the north the founder's tomb. This has a canopied arch,
below which is the recumbent figure carved in white
marble, with the inscription : —

William Gibbs, a merchant of London, but by parentage and affection
a man of Devon. In his life he did many good works for the love
of Christ, as elsewhere, so especially in the city of Exeter. One such
work in the erection of this church of SS. Michael and All Angels
for the use of the poor of the neighbourhood, is here recorded by his
widow and surviving children to the end that the remembrance of
his loving kindness and piety may not pass away.

St. Edmund's.

ST. EDMUND. 27

St. Michael's is undoubtedly the most beautiful modern
church in Exeter, it is impossible to enter it without being
impressed by the building and by the completeness with
which the angelic dedication is carried out in all the
decorations of the church ; here again we have the im-
pression that nothing was done without careful thought
as much to the meaning as to the artistic effect of the work
when completed.

St. JEfcrnunt).

The traveller who, in former days, approached Exeter
from the west would have passed St. Edmund's Church before
he entered the city ; for this was one of the parishes
outside the walls being built on land that was gradually
reclaimed from the river. Jenkins, in his History of Extter,
mentions that stakes and baulks of timber were being
constantly found under the soil, shewing that the river had
evidently been thrust back by piles.

In attributing the erection of the church to the Danes,
one is not sure but that Mr. Kerslake is carrying his
" ingenious inference " (to quote Freeman's term) too far.
He conjectures that the Danes might have dedicated a
church to St. Edmund in expiation of Sweyn's insult to
the saint's ghost. But if the old chroniclers are to be
believed St. Edmund's spirit avenged the insult in a very
practical manner by killing Sweyri ; and one imagines that
the Danes might feel their future safety lay in leaving St.
Edmund alone. It is far more probable that as the land
was reclaimed from the river banks a little chapel was
built by the Saxons dedicated to their particular patron
St. Edmund, as it was near the river side. The church
was here before the bridge was thought of, otherwise
one might have attributed the dedication to the building
of the bridge, as so many churches and chapels of St.
Edmund are placed by bridges, the reason being the
tradition that the Saint after the fatal battle of Hoxne took
refuge under a bridge.

The church is mentioned in the will of Peter de Palerna
in the i2th century. It was most likely a small chapel,
and did not attain to any importance until the i3th century,

28 EXETER CHURCHES.

when Walter Gervase, twice Mayor of Exeter, in 1231
and 1239, built his bridge over the ford of the river, close
to the site of St. Edmund's Church.

The bridge was very long, it had twelve arches, and
must have extended for some distance across the muddy
soil on the river banks. In all probability the old chapel
was taken down and the new church of " St. Edmund super
pontem " built almost upon the arches of the bridge. On the
opposite side, and actually on the bridge, was a chantry
chapel dedicated to the blessed Virgin ; and in this chapel
it is said that Walter Gervase was buried. When it was
removed in 1833, the bones of a very tall man were found
lying under the floor, and were reverently re-interred on
the same spot. The burial place of the old Mayor is
believed to be under one of the old bridge piers, in or
near the crypt of the present church, in which pillars that
were part of the old church are still standing. The first
Rector of St. Edmund super ponUm was instituted by Bishop
Bronescombe in 1259, he took his name from the bridge
as John de ponte, thus shewing his connection with the
newest improvement in the city.

A couple of centuries later Bishop Lacy was offering
indulgences to all who would contribute towards building
a new belfry for the church of St. Edmund on the bridge,
and further indulgences to those who would assist in the
pious work of keeping the bridge in order. The Rector
of St. Edmund's evidently had some tithes from the river,
for in the valuation of the living in 1536 it is stated that
owing to the destruction of a weir, " unius were vocati
Calleber weyre " (they were not quite certain about the
spelling of weir), the worth of the living was diminished
by ten mills, and the annual fishing.

When the Commonwealth reduced the churches of
Exeter to four, St. Edmund's was one that they condescended to
retain for the spiritual needs of the city. Mr. Thomas Downe
was the minister appointed to St. Edmunds, and it was
especially stipulated that he was to have another minister
to assist him every other Lord's Day at Edmund's in the
morning in case of absence or sickness.

The many alterations which took place in this part of
the city consequent on the building of the new Exe Bridge

ST. EDMUND. 29

in the i8th century, and the alterations in the curve of
the Fore Street must have made a great difference to St.
Edmund's Church. It no longer greeted the stranger on his
entrance to the City, but stood aside, as it were, apart from
the main traffic of the town. In 1800 the tower was struck
by lightning, and the whole building must have been very
much out of repair by 1833, when it was taken down and
the present church built. Dr. Oliver mentions the re-building
of the church of St. Edmund in his history of Exeter rather
as if some satisfactory change had been effected.

This third church of St. Edmund is no less St.
Edmund on the bridge ; below it is a crypt, part of which
is supported by what actually were arches of the old bridge.
On looking round the church one is at once struck by the
absence of all grave stones or memorial tablets such as fill
up nearly all the other churches in Exeter. But there never
were any interments in St. Edmund's, there could not be,
because it stood on the arches of the bridge. This is noted
by Jenkins in his account of the church.

The present building had the misfortune to be erected
in 1833, therefore, as a building, there is nothing more to be
said for it. The materials of the old church were utilized,
and the tower in some measure retained, the top repaired
with an ornamental parapet, and battlements completing the
edge of the south wall.

The entrance is through a south door in the tower, and
just inside hangs the board which holds the church notices,
ornamented with a picture of S. Edmund, king and martyr.
An ambulatory at the west end has the stairs leading up
to the gallery, and is divided from the rest of the church
by an oak screen, upon which the following inscription is
placed, on a brass: —

" To the greater Glory of God

This western screen was erected by

The Revd. Henry Vivian Panton, B.A.,

Rector of this parish.

Festival of S. Edmund, King and Martyr,

1895."

The church is rectangular with a west gallery. Jenkins
describes panelled galleries in the old church with figures
of angels and apostles painted upon them. What became of

30 EXETER CHURCHES.

these when pulled down ? Originally the galleries extended
down the sides of the church, as the construction of the
windows shews. Some of these have had good modern
glass put into them. On the north side one window has
two quarries of old glass with armorial bearings : — (i)
Ermine 3 lions rampant gules — CHUDLEIGH, impaling barry
gules and vairg — BEAUMONT. (2) CHUDLEIGH, impaling
argent 2 glaziers irons in saltire sable, between 4 pears pendant
or — KELLAWAY.

The connection between the Chudleigh family and St.
Edmund's seem quite unknown, the glass has been handed
on from the old church where its existence is noted by
Jenkins. In the upper lights of another window on this
side are some other quarries of old glass, also apparently
armorial bearings, some of which have been identified as the
Copplestone arms.

It is proposed to erect a new half window near the font,
in which all the pieces of old glass in the church will be
incorporated.

The font stands under the gallery at the north-west, it is
modern gothic, and good of its style. The old font has
disappeared, it was left in a stone mason's yard in the
parish. Has it found its way to the garden of Heavitree
House ?

The pulpit is made from panels of the old oak i5th
century pulpit which was in the former church, and the
altar is also of the same wood. A chancel has been formed
at the east end by oak screen work, and the reredos behind
the altar is very handsome. It is the gift of the Alleyne
family, patrons of the living, and has pictures painted on it,
the work being carried out by Messrs. Clayton and Bell. In
the centre are the Nativity and Resurrection of Our Lord,
at the sides the sacrifice of Abel, and Melchisedeck blessin
Abraham.

The organ, in a handsome oak case, stands at the nort
side, but it is rather too large, and owing to the construct!
of the church is rendered almost the most conspicuous objec
in the building. The centre of the church is seated wit
chairs, but at the sides are some old and rather uncomfortabl
looking open benches ; these were brought from the na
of the Cathedral at the time of the restoration.

ST. EDMUND. 31

The oldest piece of the Communion plate is a chalice with
cover dated 1659, there is a paten of 1684. The flagons have
the mark of Philip Elston, goldsmith, Exeter, and the date
1728 ; there is a silver alms bowl, a pierced spoon, and a
churchwarden's silver cross.

In the west gallery there is a small Communion table
belonging to the old church, and some quaint candlesticks
dating from the i8th century.

There are eight bells of very pleasant tone in the tower*
the older ones cast by Evans, of Chepstow, in the i8th
century.

The inscriptions on the eight (as given by Mr. Ellacombe),
are as follows : —

(i) Thomas Mears, of London, 1833.

(a) Glory to God in the Highest, W.E. 1721.

(3) And on earth peace, W.E. 1731.

(4) Good will towards men, W.E. 1731.

(5) W. and C. Pannell, founders, Cullompton, 1833.

(6) Peace and good neighbourhood, W.E. 1731.

(7) Let my sound move thee to God's glory, W.E. 1731.

(8) Thcniias Mears of London fecit 1833. Given by Samuel
Mortimer as a token of regard for his native parish Edmund super
pontem Exon, 1833.

It is evident that when the church was rebuilt the peal
of five was increased to eight, by the addition of three
new bells.

The registers, dating from 1571-1572, now remain as
the only things of any antiquity belonging to the parish.
They contain some quaint entries, and the book of Homi-
lies and Fox's Book of Martyrs, once chained in nearly
every church in the country, still survive.

On the west screen are placed the names of the Rectors,
from the i3th century.

1259— John de Ponte. 1536 — George Huett.

1265— Vivian. 1554 — John Willins.

1329— Henry Mol. 1567 — John Tilley.

1349— Walter Thieghlere. 1571 — Edward Payne.

Roger Scam. 1575 — John Gybbons.

1350— Robert Atte Wille. 1592— Edward Basill, B A.

John Hembery. 1604 — Henry Hartwell, B.A.

1413— Thomas de Placy. 1611— Edward Ellyott, M.A.

1441 — William Pounde. 1612 — John Dynham.

1456— William Montegu. 1623 — Thomas Spicer.
1504— Matthew Lewys, M.A. 1625— William Streate, M.A.

32 EXETER CHURCHES.

Thomas Downe (intruder.) 1801 — Richard Eastcott.

1666 — Richard Hall, M.A. 1822 — Thomas Atkinson, B.A.

1670— Hugh Jenkyns. 1841— Owen Owens, B.C.L.

1675— Thomas Shute. 1863— Arthur Osbourne Gibbs Alleyne,

1686— Josiah King, M.A. M.A.

1708— William Barter. 1886— William Woodhouse Secretan.

1762 — George Portbury, B.A. 1891 — Henry Paul Vivian Panton, B.A.

1763 — John Stabback.

1bea\>ittee: St. Aicbael.

The history of Heavitree Church is so much the history of
rebuilding that one is irresistibly reminded of Mike's knife
which had had three new handles and four new blades, " but
sure 'twas the very same knife his mother gave him when he
was a little boy."

The church existed in the i2th century, and is
thought to have received some alterations in the I4th. Like
most of our churches it underwent a great deal of rebuilding
in the I5th century, followed by entire restoration in 1541.

In the igih century it was found that this church was too
small, and with the exception of the tower, it was wholly
rebuilt in 1844-46. In its turn the old tower was taken down
and a new Jubilee tower erected in 1887, and after that the
chancel was enlarged in 1893. The structure, thus wholly
modernised and looking all the newer from the use of limestone
instead of the red sandstone of our older churches, represents
the ancient dedication to St. Michael on the top of this hill,
but has recently been somewhat unkindly described as "a
pretentious brand new church."

Under a yew tree which must have seen a good many oi
these alterations, are heaped together many fragments ol
carving and gargoyles that came off the old tower. The
most important bit is a cross-shaped relic which is thought
may have formed part of the vaulting of the roof, This, with
many of the other pieces, was built into the masonry of the
old tower.

The earliest record that we have is the grant of Heavitree
Church to Exeter Cathedral in 1152 ; it was appropriated to
the Dean and Chapter in 1291 ; in 1280 we find that John de
Christenstow was instituted as vicar by Bishop Bronescombe.

HEAVITREE: ST. MICHAEL. 33

His is the first incumbent's name we possess, not because
there were no earlier ones, but owing to the loss of the
Bishop's registers : before Bronescombe the names are only
rarely remembered.

Until the middle of the igth century the vicar of
Heavitree had under his charge all the suburbs of
Exeter on the north and east sides of the river, St.
Sidwell's and St. David's being in his care. In the
Ecclesiastical Survey of Bishop Veysey in 1536, Thomas
Valens is vicar of Heavitree, " cum capellis Sancte Sativole
et Sancti Davidis eidem Vicaria annexis."

From 1595 till 1820, with one exception, all the vicars
of Heavitree were members of the Chapter of the Cathedral,
their appointments proving that Heavitree was considered
the most important of the parishes outside the city. Besides
the churches of St. Sidwell and St. David, the hamlets of
East and South Wonford belong to the parish, with the little
chapel of St Eligius, or St. Eloyes, built as a domestic chapel
in the I4th century, having its own wardens and being most
probably used for divine service until the end of the i8th
century, when it was desecrated and allowed to fall into
the total ruin now remaining. The school chapel of St.
Loyes in South Wonford preserves in its name this ancient
dedication.

The new tower is very lofty, with buttresses set square,
ornamented with tabernacles on each set-off. The parapet
table is open, having gargoyles below the string course, and
eight crocketed pinnacles ; on the north side is a turret
rising above the parapet table and surmounted with a small
spire ornamented with crockets. At the base near the
west door is the inscription : —

To the

Glory of God
And in gratitude for
The completed years

1837 to 1887
of the reign of
Queen Victoria.

The walls of the church are embattled, the dripstones
of the windows completed with corbelled heads. On

D

34

EXETER CHURCHES.

the south side of the chancel wall another stone is in-
scribed : —

To the

Greater Glory of God

This chancel was

enlarged

A.D. 1893

Sackville Hamilton Berkeley, M.A., Vicar.
Horace Charles Lloyd )
John Sampson I Wardens.

Edward Hall Harbottle, F.R.I.B.A.,
Architect.

The principal entrance is through the south porch,
which has small lancet windows with the figures of
S. Michael and S. George.

The interior shows nave, north and south aisles, and
chancel. There are six bays to the nave, supported by
late perpendicular columns, the ancient arcading of the
1 5th century church. In some old pictures of the church
before its restoration in the "forties," these columns are
represented as circular; but we know Heavitree had no
Norman work in it, and I think the representation is a
caprice of the artist rather than to be regarded as an
accurate sketch of the church.

The capitals are particularly richly carved, and the
soffits of the arches decorated with Perpendicular ornament.
On each capital are four angels holding shields, and between
them sculptured faces or conventional designs. On the
south-west capital are two little figures that seem as if they
may have been intended for Adam and Eve; at the other
side of the same capital (visible from the gallery) is a
spirited little figure of a jester with a tambourine. But
the most striking carvings are the faces, of which there is
at least one on each capital, fashioned in so marked a
style that they almost suggest likenesses. North-west is
a lady's face with the winged head-dress of the i5th cen-
tury ; lower down on the south side another female face
is surrounded by the veil we see in portraits of Elizabeth
of York. The other faces are masculine ; some of them
undoubted grotesques, yet we may be sure they all meant
something to the original sculptors ; others may possibly
be intended for likenesses of priests or patrons. On the

HEAVITREE: ST. MICHAEL. 35

third arch of the south side (again we must go into the
gallery to see it), a shield with the Courtenay arms may
be found in the soffit. It bears the three torteaux with-
out the label, and may be assigned to a date before 1335,
when Hugh Courtenay, then lord of the manor of the
hundred of Wonford, was not yet Earl of Devon. This
fine 1 4th century shield with its mantling contrasts strongly
with the others that have been placed near it, bearing the
arms of the See of Exeter, impaling Phillpotts, those of
Atherley and Crabbe, with the date 1845, when the
rebuilding of the church was commenced. To Mr. Crabbe's
antiquarian tastes Heavitree Church owes the various
armorial bearings that are carved on the soffit of -this arch*
or painted on the roof with perhaps more zeal than
judgment.

The galleries that run down the sides of each aisle while
permitting us to easily view and examine the capitals, greatly
injure their appearance from below, taking away the clear
light that would exhibit them more perfectly. The ornament
in the soffits of the arches has been very much retouched and
restored.

The roof is waggon shaped, the timbers supported on
brackets decorated with angels bearing shields. On these are
painted armorial bearings belonging to families connected
with the parish or the church. There were formerly a great
many more of these painted when the church was rebuilt
in 1845. According to Mr. Worthy they have little to
recommend them either in point of antiquarian interest or
heraldic accuracy.*

The font is octagonal, large, handsome, in modern gothic
style, with figures of angels supporting the basin. In the
grounds of Heavitree House there are two old fonts doing
duty as vases for flowers ; but neither of these belong to the
church. The old font, removed at the restoration was taken
into a builder's yard in the parish where it still remains.
Some years ago there was a thought of taking it back into
the church, but it was discovered to be in such a condition
that any attempt to repair it was hopeless. Of the fonts in
the grounds of Heavitree House one is conjectured to have

*Worthy, Suburbs of Exeter, p. 48.

36 EXETER CHURCHES.

belonged to St. Edmund's ; was the other the ancient font of
St. Sidwell's mentioned by Jenkins ?

The pulpit of modern Gothic stone carving is of the same
date as the font ; and the carved oak eagle lectern was also
placed in the church at the same period ; it is extremely
handsome, the best ornament in the church.

The screen, or what remains of it, has suffered many
vicissitudes. In 1822 it was taken down and part of it
(the greater part) made into pews. When Dr. Oliver de-
scribed the church what remained stood across the north
aisle. In later times this was taken to the west end and
made into a tower screen ; this consisted of two bays with
four panels each at the base, and two extra panels, making ten
in all, the last two probably having been part of the doors-
They are distinctly wider than the others, and every student of
screen panels is aware that they are placed in groups of four.

The figures painted on the panels have been subjects of the
wildest conjectures by every writer on the church. When at
the west end they were so completely in the shadow that they
could only be seen with the help of a light, and that not well.

Quite recently the screen has again been moved, with
the intention of replacing it at the east end of the church,
where a new screen and parcloses are to be erected, and the
old screen work (very fittingly) incorporated with the new
work. Thanks to the kindness of Mr. Read, to whom the
work is entrusted, I have seen panels in broad daylight in
his studio, and by washing them over it was quite evident
that Mr. Keyser and Dom Bede Camm were correct in
attributing the figures to the Sybils. The costume of the
figures is of late Tudor type, and the whole work of
the screen is late in style. No doubt these ten paintings
are the last remains of a series of the twelve Sybils such as
appear on the screen at Bradninch. They are always
represented bearing the emblems of the birth and Crucifixion
of our Lord, in allusion to those prophecies in the Sybiline
books, wherein, as in the Old Testament to the Jewish
Church, to the heathen world was foretold the coming of the
Redeemer, with the end of the world and that day of terror
which should come when

Solvet saeclum in favilla ;
Teste David cum Sibilla.

HEAVITREE : ST. MICHAEL. 37

To the mediaeval mind the Sybils' prophecies were as
important as those of David, and the Sybils figure with
the Prophets on that splendid roof of Michael Angelo's in
the Sistine Chapel, in the pictures of Raphael, and also
were depicted by the humble monastic artists who wrought
the panels of our west country churches. I found the
emblems on those at Heavitree to be as follows: — (i) The
sponge and reed ; (2) the crown of thorns and a rose ;
(3) the pillar of scourging ; (4) three nails ; (5) cradle :
(6) a sword: this figure has at her head those puzzling
letters which look like N.C. regarded by Dr. Oliver as
standing for "nomine Catherina " ; (7) scourge and lighted
torch ; (8) cross ; (9) here the figure has her hands clasped
and no evident emblem ; (10) uncertain.

I sincerely hope that when the screen comes to be
restored these old panels will be put in some place of honour
where they can be plainly seen, as these fragments of the
screen are the last remaining portions of the ancient mediaeval
church of St. Michael, built here on the top of the hill. Some
other parts of it, carved work, were found not long ago
and formed into the altar now in the temporary iron
church at Polsloe Park.

The modernized chancel has a chancel arch, and at the
end of the aisles are arches forming additional chancel aisles.
Of these the south aisle has been fitted up with a second
altar for use as a chapel for weekday and early services.
On the north side the organ is placed on a gallery above
the aisle; here is preserved an old church chest, and the
names of the Vicars are placed on a tablet against the wall.

The chancel is very spacious, with carved oak fittings
the floor tiled, and divided by one arch at each side from
the side aisles. On the south side of the sanctuary are
sedilia and a piscina. On the north, under an ogee arch
is the tomb of the Revd. Arthur Atherley, Vicar from 1820
to 1857; the monument is of black marble with a brass
of the priest at the top, vested in surplice and stole, having
the emblems of the Evangelists at the corners of the
bordering, and on either side of his head a coat of arms.

In memory of the Revd Arthur Atherley. A,M. xxxvi years Vicar
of this parish, who died the xiv day of February A.D. mdccclvii in the
Ixiv year of his age. Erected by general subscription of the parishioners.

38 EXETER CHURCHES.

Arms : Or. on a lend azure 3 lozenges of the field ; ATHERLEY —
gules, a lion passant gardant between two mullets or ; on flaunches
of the last a lion rampant azure.

Dr. Oliver mentions three pre-reformation floor slabs,
one with an inscription to John Legh, Vicar of the parish;
these have either disappeared or are placed in some obscure
and out-of-the way position. Pitman Jones says that there
was a stone on the south side of the altar with the following
inscription : —

Thomas

Spyser y«

sone of M.

Spyser decd

yc 25 of June

1625

aetatis

suae

106

whose de-
sire was
to lye w*
his grand
Fathe' in
this place.

The oldest floor slabs are now at the east end of the
nave, just in front of the chancel steps. Of these the oldest,
with an oft-quoted epitaph, commemorates Thomas Gorges,
of Heavitree, Esqr., and Rose his wife. " Hee departed this
life iyth Oct., 1670, and Shee the i4th day of April, 1671."
The loving turtle having lost her mate
Begged shee might enter ere they shut the gate,
Their dust here lies whose soules to Heaven are gonne,
And waite till angels rowle away the stone.
Below is a coat of arms, rather singularly arranged.
Per fesse : in chief per chevron engrailed on three roundles
as many flew de lys — MALLOCK ; in base: lozengy a chevron —
GORGES; impaling: on a chevron between three talbots' heads
erased a crescent — ALEXANDER.

Of the mural monuments the oldest is on the south
side and inscribed : —

Near into this place lieth the body of

Sebastian Isacke of Polsloe Esqr, who

departed this life on the 8th November

1688.

HEAVITREE: ST. MICHAEL. 39

Arms : Sable a bend or, on a canton of the last a leopard's
face of the first, impaling Barry of six, or and gules.

The arms impaled are believed to be those of Berry*
and may be those of Mary Berry, only daughter of John
Berry, Vicar of Heavitree, who was deprived by the Puritans
of his living, one might say of his " livings," as he was
also Rector of Widworthy, and of St. Mary Major, besides
being both Canon and Prebendary of the Cathedral. Polsloe
Priory was leased in 1609 to Thomas Isacke for a thousand
years, Sebastian Isacke commemorated in the above inscrip-
tion was his grandson, and a Colonel in the Royalist army ;
his son, another Sebastian has the unenviable reputation
of being the destroyer of the last remains of the conventual
buildings, and the chapel at Polsloe Priory.*

Upon this same south wall are a group of interesting
tablets to the Rhodes Family, of Bellair, Heavitree.

Near this place are interred the bodies of Ambrose Rhodes Esqr,
of Bellair in this parish who died 1st of March 1777 aged 72. And
of Sarah his beloved wife sole daughter of Soloman Andrew Esqr (of
Lyme Regis in the county of Dorset deceased) who died the 22nd of
August 1785 aged 83. Also of Mary their daughter who died 17 Nov.
1760 aged 24. Also the mortal remains of Ambrose Andrew Rhodes
Esqr of Bellair son of the above Ambrose and Sarah, Gentle man of
the Privy Chamber to his Majesty George the third Who died un-
married on the 26 Nov. 1800 aged 71.

Arms : Argent a lion passant guardant gules between two
acorns azure, in bend cotized ermine — RHODES ; on an escutcheon
of pretence, sable, a saltire argent between 4 crosses crosslet or —
ANDREW.

Sacred to the memory of Maria Philippa Brereton, late of Bellair in
this parish, eldest daughter of the Revd. John Sleech Archdeacon of
Cornwall, and relict of the Revd. Richard Brereton of Wotton House in
the county of Gloucester ; she lived a bright example of every Christian
virtue, she now reposes among the blessed ever lamented by an affec-
tionate sister whose children she loved as her own, and by whom she is
still mourned as a second mother. She departed this life July the 9th
1807 aged 57.

Also to the memory of Thomas Baker Rhodes nephew of the above
and sixth son of the Revd. George Rhodes Vicar of Colyton in the county
of Devon, and of Elizabeth his wife. He departed this life on the I4th of
August 1804 aged 9 years.

•Worthy : History of the Suburbs of Exeter.

40 EXETER CHURCHES.

Arms ; Chequy or and gules a canton argent — SLEECH.

Sacred to the memory of Charles Sleech Rhodes Captain of the
Royal Engineers, who was killed at the storming of St. Sebastian, Aug.
xxxi mdcccxiii, in the xxviii year of his age.

Whilst leading the storming party to the attack his left arm was
shattered to pieces by a musket ball ; notwithstanding he mounted the
breach and fell covered with wounds. His mortal remains are deposited
near the place where he died. The deceased was the 4th son of the
Revd George Rhodes late Vicar of Colyton.

The chiefs example and the soldiers friend,
Pure was his life and glorious was its end,
Sons of Iberia scatter round his tomb
Such flowers are soonest fade and earliest bloom ;
Cull the first fragrance of the opening year
New plant they vine and nurse thy olive there ;
For in thy deadliest breach he foremost stood
And sealed thy country's freedom with his blood.
Yet had we hoped when hushed the voice of strife
To walk with him what yet remained of life ;
Just as we thought to greet him he was gone,
Father of Heaven and earth Thy will be done;

To the memory of a beloved mother, this stone is dedicated by her
lamenting children. Near this spot are deposited the mortal remains of
Elizabeth Rhodes, widow of the late Revd. George Rhodes formerly
Vicar of Colyton in this county, and daughter of the Revd. John Sleech
Archdeacon of Cornwall. She died on the first of August 1817
aged 62.

Also of the Revd. Ambrose William Rhodes third son of the
deceased, who died on the 16 Feb. 1818 aged 36.

Also those of Frances Bridget Rhodes, second daughter to the
above Elizabeth, who died June 27 1832 aged 52.

Arms : RHODES.

Near this place are deposited the remains of George Ambrose Rhodes.
Esqr, M.D., Fellow of Caius College Cambridge, of Bellair House in
this parish, who departed this life on Wednesday Sept. 21 1842 aged
67 years.

Arms : Quarterly, i and 4 RHODES ; 2 SLEECH ; 3
ANDREW.

Besides these the following tablets are in the south
aisle : —

Sacred to the memory of James Graham Turner, Major in H.M.
28th Regiment. He died in London on the nth day of January 1870
in the 39th year of his age, after serving in his Regiment for 21 years,
deeply regretted by all who knew him. This tablet is erected by his
brother officers as a token of their esteemed regard, May 1870.

HEAVITREE : ST. MICHAEL. 41

Sacred to the memory of Elizabeth the wife of William Hautteville
Esqr, late of Filey Gibbon Street in the city of Dublin, who closed a
brief existence adorned with every virtuous excellence in the flower of
her years. She departed this life the victim of a painful and linger-
ing disease borne with exemplary fortitude and patient submission, in the
will of her Creator, the 8th day of Jany. 1827 in the 35th year of her age.

To the memory of master James Boyd whom it pleased the
Almighty to take from this world before he attained his eighth year.
Interred in a vault in Heavitree church, near where this tablet is
placed by his sorrowing parents. (No date.)

Sacred to the memory of George Tuckett Esqr of Exeter solicitor,
who died at his father's residence in this parish on the 6th of October
1849 aged 28 ; and was interred in a vault in the churchyard. His
kindness of heart aud amiable disposition greatly endeared him to
his fond relatives, and for his sterling worth he was held in the
highest esteem by a numerous circle of friends, who deplored his
early death. This tablet is a tribute of affection from an uncle and
aunt by whom he was sincerely loved.

In the south aisle lie the remains of Elizabeth Wills Toms, who
died 24th April, 1844, also of Elizabeth Ann, her daughter, who died
I4th October, 1843. This tablet is erected by the sorrowing husband
and father as a tribute of unfeigned regard.

Tempus fugit.

The Lord in mercy gave but gave in trust,
The Lord resumes, resuming not unjust,
Giving, resuming, He is still the Lord,
Yet be the glory of His name adored.

Stephen Shute.

Thirteen years a member of the choir of this church. As a
working statuary singularly skilful, as a Foreman beloved by man
and master, as a Christian humble and sincere. Called away September
3rd, 1880, aged 42. This tablet was erected by one in whose service
he died, and who mourned him as a brother.

Sacred to the memory of Harriet, fifth daughter of the late John
Davie Esqr, of Orleigh, in this county, died December 2ist, 1815,
Erected by her sorrowing sisters as a token of their affection.

Sacred to the memory of Lieutenant General Sir William Paterson,
K.C.B., Captain of Carisbroke Castle, son of Lieut. General James
Paterson, who died at Brighton the 27th of September, 1819, aged
79 years. Also of Margaret, his wife, daughter of John Mair Esqr,
of Plantation, near Glasgow, who died at Heavitree on the 8th of
December, 1839, a§ed 67. Also of Janet, her sister, who died at
Heavitree, on the I7th of January, 1838, aged 62 years.

Opposite this place are deposited the remains of Martha, the
wife of Robert Ceilings, who died August i6th, 1814, aged 55 years.
Also in the same grave Robert Collings, late of Islington, in the
county of Middlesex Gentleman, who died April ist 1825 aged 69 years.

.42 EXETER CHURCHES.

In memory of Hugh Allen Mackey Captain of the Royal Regiment
of Artillery and Brigade Major to the Forces in Jamaica Born at
Heavitree Aug. 1st 1840, died at Bermuda Mount Jamiaca on the 2ist
October 1879.

In a vault within this church are deposited Jane the beloved wife
of Sir Henry Maturin Farington, Bart., who departed this life Oct. vii.
mdccxxviii aged xxxviii years, leaving a large family to mourn her
irreparable loss.

In the same vault are interred the remains of the above named
Sir Henry Maturin Farrington Bart, who died October 4th, 1834, aged
56, to the inexpressible grief of his surviving family.

Sacred to the memory of Major Thomas Edward formerly of his
Majestys sixth Regiment of Foot. After a long and faithful service of
thirty-four years in almost every part of the globe, he retired from
the army and settled at Hills Court in the vicinity of Exeter, where he
died Aug. 24, 1815, aged 82. His son in grateful respect to his father's
memory inscribed this tablet,

The remains of Hugh Somerville Esq. (of Hamilton near Glasgow),
are deposited within these sacred walls, who died at his son's residence
in this parish 6 July 1805, aged 82 years.

This to the memory of a beloved father.
The sweet remembrance of the Just
Shall flourish when he sleeps in dust.

In loving memory of Lieut. John Dennis Hickley of the Royal
Navy, first Lieut, of H.M.S. Phebe and a Companion of the Distin-
guished Service Order, eldest son of Admiral Henry Dennis Hickley,
died at Delagoa Bay, South Africa, Feb. 17, 1895, ag£d 33-

IN THE NORTH AISLE —

Sacred to the memory of Dudley, son of Henry and Frances
Wyatt of Brome in Suffolk whose remains are deposited near this place,
he died November I4th, 1814, aged 13 years.

Sacred to the memory of Edward Small Portbury Esqr., late
Secretary of the Marine Board, Calcutta, who departed this life
March ist, 1839, aged 71 years.

Also to the memory of Harriet, widow of the above who died
29th Deer. 1861, aged 80 years.

This tablet is erected in memory of Edmund Pusey Lyon of
Hoopern House near the city of Exeter, whose remains are interred
in a vault in this church. A sound lawyer, a vigilant and impartial
magistrate, he was distinguished for his able services as one of the
chairmen of the Court of Quarter Sessions for the County of Devon ;
•combining a strict adherence to fixed principles with conciliatory
manners. He gave a zealous support to works of benevolence and
public utility. A sincere Christian he possessed a most affectionate
heart, and having faithfully discharged the various duties of life, he
died on the 4th day of Feb. in the year of Our Lord 1831 aged 67.

HEAVITREE : ST. MICHAEL. 43

This tablet is erected to the memory of Charlotte Lewis Lyon, the
widow of Edmund Pusey Lyon of Hoopern House near the city of
Exeter Esqr. She departed this life on the 24th day of May 1841
aged 78. She was endued with all the graces of the Christian character,
and died in a joyful hope of the resurrection to Eternal life through
the merits of her Redeemer.

Also in memory of Edmund Pusey Lyon Esqr, their eldest son
who died beloved and lamented on the 25th day of March 1832 aged 29.

Sacred to the memory of George William Lyon Esqr Barrister at
Law, Late of Hoopern House near Exeter, and of Rolestone in this
parish. Who died on the 2ist of June A.D. 1854 aged 49. He was
the youngest son of Edmund Pusey and Charlotte Lewis Lyon.
In my Father's house are many mansions. — St. John 14 2.

Sacred to the memory of Mr. Rt. Rookes who departed this life
deservedly esteemed the xvith of July mdcccxxi, aged Iv. years. Also
to the memory of Mary relict of the above who departed this life in
the hope of a glorious resurrection on the ivth of July mdcccxxxii
aged Ixir years.

In memory of Joshua Loring Winslow Esqr, who died 22nd Nov.
1820 aged 54. And of Elizabeth his wife who died 2ist Sept. 1813
aged 49. Their remains are deposited near this place.

Sacred to the memory of Caroline youngest daughter of Colonel
Henry Vincent of the Bengal Establishment, who died at Heavitree March
22nd 1812 in the 24th year of her age.

This tablet placed here at the desire of his affectionate daughter
Charlotte, is sacred to the memory of Captain J. T. Blunt late of the Hon.
East India Company's Bengal Engineers, who died 2oth Oct 1834 m his
68th year. " I know that my Redeemer liveth." Jeb. 19. 28.

Arms ; Barry nebule of six or and sable — BLUNT. These
arms are also in south windows, placed in memory of Captain
Blunt, his wife and daughters. Crest : a bull's head sable, behind
the rays of the sun or.

In memory of Charlotte Cartwright, relict of John Cartwright gent.
of St. James' Westminster ; who after a faithful discharge of her duty as
wife and mother adorned the declining years of a long protracted life
with daily acts of hospitality and friendship and with a continual exercise
of piety and charity. She died at her house in Exeter April 10 1800 in
the 97th year of her age. Thankful for the good she had received, and
with hopes full of immortality. Her body was deposited at her request
in this church near the remains of her beloved daughter, Mary, wife of
George Moore Vicar of this parish.

Sacred to the memory of Charles Roper Saunders of the city of
Exeter banker, who departed this life the 5th day of November 1836 in
Ihe 65th year of his age.

Also that of Joseph Barnes Sanders his son who died the 2nd of
August 1846 in the 42nd year of his age.

44 EXETER CHURCHES.

Sacred to the memory of John Norman of Yatton and Iwood House
Congresbury Esq; one of His Majestys deputy Lieutenants for the county
of Somerset, who departed this life at Heavitree near Exeter June 4 1837
aged 60 years.

This monument is erected with affectionate remembrance by his wife
and children who deeply mourn the loss of husband and father, while his
generous upright, and honourable character will long live endeared in
the memory of his numerous friends. Whose remains are interred in a
vault near this monument.

Arms ; Argent 4 baryulets embattled counter embattled gules,
debmised with a bend sable charged with 3 escallops — NORMAN,
impaling or, 2 chevronels sable bet. 3 mullets in pale — PAXTON (?)
Crest : A dexter arm embowed armed, the arm grasping a dagger.)

This tablet is erected by E. C. Ford in memory of his dear
wife Annie Ford who died 27 Feb. 1872 at St. Petersburgh aged 33,
and is buried in the monastery of St Sergius near St Petersburgh in
Russia.

Also in loving remembrance of his father Richard Ford of Heavitree
House " Author of the Handbook on Spain," who died 31 August 1858
and is buried in the churchyard at Heavitree.

Arms : Quarterly, 1st and 4th azure 3 lions rampant or ;
2nd, per fess or and ermine, a lion rampant per fess azure and
gules ; 3rd, quarterly 1st and 4th argent, 3 boars' heads erased,
erect, sable, langued gules, 2nd and 3rd, sable a saltire engraikd
or. Crest : A demi lion ramp, crowned or.

To the memory of Ellen Anne beloved wife of Robert James
Mignon Esqr I.N. and dearly beloved and only child of William and
Annie Pitts. She was married in this church 26 Feb 1857, and entered
into rest Aug. 24th 1858 at Byculla Bombay, aged 25.

(Verses from St. Matth. xi. 28, and Ps. xv 17).

Also of Ellen Anne infant daughter of the above, born Dec. 28th
1857 died Jan. ist 1858.

The above Anne Pitts fell asleep Aug. I3th 1819. This tablet is
erected as a tribute of affectionate remembrance by her bereaved
mother.

(The end of the inscription being quite at the base of
the tablet, leaves room for the memorial to " Anne Pitts "
above it).

IN THE GALLERY.

In memory of John Raleigh Esqr diplomatist and for a period of
thirty-eight years and during six successive Governments chief secretary
to the Governor at Gibraltar, buried within a family vault in Kensing-
ton church Middlesex.

HEAVITREE: ST. MICHAEL. 45

And also Sarah his wife, and Dorothy Lipyeatt their daughter, and
of their four sons ;

Cornwallis Raleigh esquire.

Frederick Raleigh Esquire diplomatic service.

Francis Raleigh Major H.M. gth Regiment of foot, and town Major
of Gibraltar.

And Edward Raleigh senior Major of H.M. nth Regiment of foot,
educated (with his brother) at Harrow school. Served in the Peninsular
War, in the East Indies, and on the Staff, and died at Exeter on the
27th of Feb. 1849 a§ed 5° years, buried in a family vault -at Heavitree.

And also Esther Raleigh relict of Major Edward Raleigh, who died
at Brighton Sussex on the 5th of Dec., 1857 in the 73rd year of her age.

And also of two daughters of the above, Emily Raleigh and
Frances Raleigh who died in their youth.

And in sacred memory of Frederick Raleigh, second son of
Edward and Esther Raleigh a Major of the Bengal Army and for the
last fourteen years of his life commandant of the Calcutta Militia,
who died of cholera at Calcutta on the 25th of April 1856 in the 45th
year of his age, and in the 29th year of his military service.

And of his gallant eldest son Walter Keppel Raleigh Lieut of the
7th Regiment of the Bengal Light Cavalry who was killed at Lucknow
by the breaking out of the Indian Mutiny, at that station on the soth
of May 1857 at the early age of 17 years and three months.

And also in memory of Edward W. Walter Raleigh F.R.C.S. of
the Bengal Medical Staff, formerly surgeon to the Governor
General of India, in the Calcutta Hospital and Eye Infirmary, and
" Professor of surgery " at the Medical College of Calcutta, having
held the above distinguished appointments for seventeen years, he
retired at a comparatively early age from active service in 1845 and
died at London 22nd Jan. 1865.

Arms : Five lozenges in bend. Crest : Out of a ducal
coronet a mound supporting four feathers.

Of this crest Mr. James Dallas remarks, " It is, I think,
incorrectly described." (See " Heraldry of Heavitree Church,"
Notes and Gleanings, Vol. III.)

Besides the floor slab of Gorges, already described, there
are two others at the east end of the church that are of interest :

Here lyeth the body of Nicholas Duck of Mount Radford in the
county of Devon Esquire, who died the 25th day of August, An. Dom. 1667.

Also Martha his wife and relict of Sir Thomas Carew of Haccombe
in ye sd county of Devon Baron, who was buried 10 Jany 1673.
Here also lieth the body of Richard Duck of Mount Radford Esqr
son of ye said Nicholas Duck and Martha who died the 25th day of April
An. Dom. 1695 aged 39 years. Here also lyeth Martha ye daughter of
Arthur Duck, and neece to ye sd Richard Duck who died ye 7th day of
January 1706 in the I4th year of her age. Also Elizabeth relict of the said
Rich. Duck Esqr who died ye 14. Feb 1729 aged 72.

Arms ; On afess wavy 3 lozenges — DUCK.

46 EXETER CHURCHES.

Here lyeth the body of Thomas Wright Gent, late of this parish, a
great example of piety and justice, who departed this life Oct. loth
anno Dom 1678 in hopes of a blessed resurrection. Also Anne
wife of Thomas Wright Junr, died ye 9th day of March in ye 33rd
year of her age 1710.

O death where is thy sting, O grave where is thy victory ?
Thankes . . . (inscription not finished).

Here also lyeth ye body of Elizabeth wife of the above named
Thomas Wright who departed this life the i8th day of June 1686.

Arms : A fess pierced by a pile , impaling in chief a fess
between 2 chevvonels, 2nd chequy, a chief.

The other slabs on the floor have no inscriptions of
interest and many of them are much defaced and cut to
form the flooring of the church.

Below the chancel is a large crypt used as a choir
vestry; here is preserved a large church chest of unusual
style, it is of deal, ornamented with poker painting, the
design in bold patterns partly carved and burnt outside,
and all done in burnt wood-work within. On the front
the arms of England and France quarterly are represented
with the lion and wyvern, supporters of the Tudors, thus
dating the chest. Historical relics of a much later period
are also to be found in the church, they consist of a
number of constable's staves of William IV's reign, no
doubt used when the special constables were enrolled for
the parish at the time of the Reform Bill.

There were four bells in the old tower, one a mediaeval
bell with an imperfect inscription, the other three cast by
Pennington at the end of the i7th century. On the occasion
of the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria opportunity was
taken to get a peal of eight new bells in the new tower.
A brass in the tower gives a complete account of them.

To the Glory of God, and in thankful remembrance of sixty years
of the reign cf her most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria a new peal
of eight bells in the tower was given by loyal parishioners.

Sackville Hamilton Berkley, instituted 1886, died July 18. 1897.
Theophilus John Ponting, ins, 14 Dec. 1897.
Arthur Burch 1 ^
John Sampson } Church wardens A.D. 1897-8.

Edward Vaughan Lieut Col. Chairman \

Edward A. Saunders J.P. Hon. Treasurer I Bell Committee.

Alfred Brooking, Hon. Secretary J

John Taylor & Co. Bell Founders Loughborough.

LIVERY DOLE CHAPEL. 47

Inscriptions on the bells :
On each bell: "1837 Victoria R.I., 1897."
(i) Prepare ye the way of the Lord. (2) The Lord is at hand.
(3) Glory to God in the Highest. (4) On earth peace. (5) Good will
towards men. (6) Fear God, honour the Queen. R.M.G. Baker gave
me. 1897, (7) To the Glory of God and in loving memory of
Matilda E. C. Holmes given by her sisters Ellen and Anna M. Holmes
1897. (8) We praise thee, O God ! Given by E. A. and M. Sanders
1897.

The earlier Registers are lost, the present ones not
beginning till 1653. In the volume for this year is the
following Verse : —

The swaddling cloathes, the wedding and the winding sheet,
The cradle bed and grave within this book do meet. ,
This verse was most likely written by the then Vicar,
William Banker, who began the book, and who may also
have composed the crabbed illegible Latin lines of which
this is, as he notes, "the rendering in English."

The names of the Vicars are placed on a tablet below the
organ chamber in the north chancel aisles.
John de Christenstowe— 1280 John Roche— 1571

John de Burnham— 1283 John Chardon— 1571

Roger de Sydbury — 1309 Francis Godwin — 1595

Henry de Chippenham — 1348 William Helliar— 1602

Walter Bers — 1348 Francis Bradsell — 1619

Adam de Kellesye — 1348 John Bery — 1626

John Lisle William Banckes — 1645

Thomas Piymmeswode — 1396 John Snell — 1698

John Wydelonde — 1400 Charles Hawtry — 1728

Walter Twynye (or Twyncowe) — George Moore — 1770
1421 Ralph Barnes— 1807

Walter Boway — 1421 Arthur Atherley — 1820

Walter Pawlyn — Edward Harold Browne — 1857

John Warde— 1473 Henry Woollcombe— 1858

John Bourton— 1478 Reginald Henry Barnes — 1869

Richard Norton — 1504 Sackville Hamilton Berkeley — 1886

Thomas Valans (or Valence) — 1507 Theophilus John Ponting — 1897
John Legh —

£ix>ers Dole Cbapel.

S. CLARUS OR S. CLARA.

All accounts of Livery Dole are full of contradictions;
the dedication itself is a case where doctors disagree. Dr.
Oliver assigns it to Saint Clara, the foundress of the

48 EXETER CHURCHES.

Franciscan order of poor Clares; Mr. Worthy asserts that
the dedication is to a much less known monk Saint Clarus,
an English missionary murdered in Normandy, The name
too has puzzled antiquaries. " Livery Dole," the place
where the "dole" was delivered, but what dole? To
whom, and why? Was it an unendowed chapel supported
by the alms of those who gave offerings for the souls of
criminals here executed ? Or was the dole given to monks
for this purpose long before any chapel was built? The
earliest mention of the place by name is in a deed dated
August ist, 1279; this, like so many ancient deeds is one
of landed property, and " Lever-dole " is mentioned as a
boundary. The chapel does not seem to be mentioned
until 1439 when it is referred to as *' the Chapel of St.
Clarus without the south gate, in the parish of Hevetre."

When Henry VI. visited Exeter, the monastic com-
munities and the rural clergy met him outside the chapel
of St. Clarus, and attended him into the city.

For centuries Livery Dole had been the place of public
execution outside Exeter, but the locality was altered in
the 1 6th century, soon after Thomas Benet had been burnt
here for heresy in 1531-2. Sir Thomas Denys, High
Sheriff of the county, was present at the execution, and
treated the condemned man to some of those gratuitous
insults to "which the victims of justice were too often
subjected. It has been suggested that afterwards the
Denys family felt some compunction for the act, and that
this was the reason why in the next generation Sir Robert
Denys in his will, dated 1592, set aside a plot of ground
for the erection of an alms house and chapel for a certain
number of poor people. The work was completed by his
son Sir Thomas in 1594.

The charity came by inheritance to the Rolles of Bicton,
by whom the alms house was rebuilt in 1851. Over the
gateway on one side are the arms of Denys, and on the
other those of the Rolles with Denys and Trefusis.

The chapel, built of red stone, with a western bell turret,
stands at the east end of the almshouses ; the walls are
supported by strong buttresses, and the tracery of the east
window, which is a transition from Decorated to Perpendicular,
probably belongs to the original building. The side windows

Devon Notes and Queries:

a Quarterly Journal devoted to the
LOCAL HISTORY BIOGRAPHY and
ANTIQUITIES of the County of
Devon edited by JOHN S AMERY
and J BROOKING ROWE FSA

Volume IV— Part VIII— October 1907

CONTENTS.

PAGE

The Mohun Chronicle at Haccombe. . 249
Addresses from Devon to James II. . . 252

Proclamation of Liberty of Con-
science, 1867 . . . . 255 j

French Prisoners in Tiverton, from

1797101811 .. -.257

Knights' Effigies in Exeter Cathedral 260
Some Vicars or Ministers of Seaton . . 262
Chantrell, of Bampton .,' ... 264

Webber

North Devon Pottery

Att Yard or Yarde Family

The Label in the Courtenay Arms

Fragment of a Palimpsest Brass founc
at Luppit

Exeter Clerical Subsidies. .
Merle or De Merle, W.H.

Devonshire Place Names .. .. 264 j British Stone Circles

TITLE PAGE AND INDEX VOL. IV.

APPENDIX.
EXETER CHURCHES, pp. 49-80.

JAMES G COMMIN:

230 High Street
EXETER

265
265
268

269
271
280
280

NOTICE.

On the completion of the Fourth Volume of DEVON NOTES
AND QUERIES, the Editors have to again express their sincere
thanks to their Contributors for the great assistance rendered
during* its progress.

• So far as is consistent with its objects, the Editors have
done their best to make the contents of the Magazine as varied
and interesting as possible.

Many valuable contributions are awaiting publication, and
others are promised.

It is very desirable, in order that the usefulness of DEVON
NOTES AND QUERIES may be maintained and extended, that the
number of Subscribers should be much increased, and the
Editors appeal to their Readers to endeavour to obtain new
names. The cost (6s. 6d. per annum, payable in advance, post
free) is very small. The commencement of a New Volume is
a favourable opportunity to begin.

Subscriptions for 1907 are now due.

BINDING : The present part completes Vol. IV. Subscribers
who desire to have this volume bound to match the former
volumes should send their numbers to MR. JAMES G. COMMIN,
230, High Street, Exeter, who has arranged for binding them
as before in art linen.

CONTRIBUTIONS, BOOKS FOR REVIEW, and COMMUNICATIONS
should be sent to the EDITORS, J. BROOKING ROWE, Castle Bar-
bican, Plympton, or J. S. AMERY, Druid, Ashburton.

BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS should be sent to the PUBLISHER,
, HIGH STREET, EXETER.

Peter Fabyan Sparke Amery

PORTRREVE OF AsHBURTON.

Devon Notes and Queries. 249

in JHEmflrg of a gelobeft <Mlea0ue,
Peter Fabyan Sparke Amery,

Died 26th July, 1907.

138. THE MOHUN CHRONICLE AT HACCORJBE (IV.,
pp. 17-22). — The fragment described by Miss E. Lega-Weekes
proves to be part of a book which was known to several his-
torians and antiquaries of the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries, who made from it such extracts as were germane
to their respective enquiries.

The writer of the Prologue recently printed states that
the first members of the Mohun family in England were
called Moion, " com il est escrit en le livere des conquerours,"
and promises to tell his readers " combien de grandz
seignours William le Moion le veil avoit a sa retenance
adonqes et puis del decent des Mohuns jusque a cesti
jour." He also promises to give a list of the Archbishops
of Canterbury.

Turning to the Collectanea of John Leland, which
were formed between 1534 and 1543, we find an extract
about the invasion of England by William the Bastard and
others from Normandy, " entre quils vint ovesque luy
Monseir William de Moion le veil, le plus noble de tout
loste. Cest William de Moion avoit de sa retenaunce en
loste tous les grauntz seignors a pres nomez si come it
est escript en le livere des conquerors." Then follows a list
of fifty-seven persons, derived from Wace's Roman de Rou,
where we read that " le viel Willam de Moion out ovec li
maint compaignon," without any suggestion that they were
in his retinue. Leland furthermore gives some notes in
Latin about the burial-places of the early Mohuns, an
account in French of the battle of Brunanburg, and a list
of the Archbishops of Canterbury from Lanfranc to John

250 Devon Notes and Queries.

Stratford. * Although he does not specify the source from
which he took his extracts, their connexion with the infor-
mation promised in the Haccombe Prologue is obvious.

The next person to quote from the body of the work
was William Camden, who states that Pope Innocent is
said to have created Reginald de Mohun Earl of Este, or
Somerset, in the reign of Henry III., "as we read in a
book in French belonging to the family of the Mohuns,
knights." He also mentions a " story " that the last Lady
Mohun of Dunster obtained from her husband as much
ground for common for the inhabitants as she could go
round barefoot in one day.f

Thomas Fuller, who had carefully studied Camden's
Britannia, takes us a step further by giving in the original
French the whole story of Pope Innocent and Reginald de
Mohun, as obtained from " an ancient French manuscript
belonging to the family of the Mohuns." The opening words
of his quotation, ** Quant Sire Reinalda voit ceo fait," show
it to be merely an extract from a longer narrative. J

Sir William Dugdale, in his account of the Mohun
family, gives several references to an ancient manuscript
which had been in the possession of Sir William Mohun in
1583. Inasmuch, however, as he himself was not born until
1605, it seems clear that he must have worked from a
transcript. For the present purpose it is sufficient to observe
that he cites it in support of his statement that William de
Mohun, the companion of the Conqueror, had, "of his
retinue no less than forty-seven (sic) stout knights of name
and note."§

Thomas Gerard, writing in 1633, mentions "William
de Moion called ' Sapeil,' who (as an antient manuscript
book still remayninge with Sir Reginald Mohun of his
family tells) came into England with William, Duke of
Normandy." He gives a brief account of the family, in-
cluding the story of Pope Innocent and Reginald de Mohun,
"almost all out of the old booke." He also mentions
" Lady Joan Mohun, daughter of the warlike Sir Barthewe

* Collectanea, vol. i., pp. 202, 203.

f Britannia, Somerset.

} Church History, book iii., § 5.

§ Baronage of England (1675), vol. i., p. 497.

Devon Notes and Queries. 251

Burwash and mother of the three ladies, unto whom John
Osborne, her clerke, dedicated his booke, which I have
formerly quoted and yett make use of."*

Richard St. George carries us considerably further by
his extracts " ex antiquo libro manuscripto nunc in custodia
Reginaldi Mohun de Bocconock in comitatu Cornubiae
militis et mihi Ricardo St. George, Norroy, mutuato, 1610."
The first of these is a copy of the French list of the knights
who were supposed to have come over from Normandy in
the retinue of William de Mohun, the very list in fact
which Leland had copied some seventy years before. All
the other extracts are in Latin. One of them mentions
" inquisitiones coram escaetore Regis factas per breve Regis,
quod dicitur Diem clausit extremum, de morte Johannis de
Meriet, qui maneria de Mildenhall et Greywell predicta
tenuit ad vitam suam per legem terre, sicut continetur in
libro rubro Abbatis de Newenbam, et similiter in eodsm
libro continetur ad quorum man us predicta maneria de
Stoke, Ottery, Monketon et Galmeton jam devenerunt ;
qui quidem Abbas strenue et subtiliter composuit librum
predictum ad utilitatem et proficuum dominorum de Dunster,
et maxime ad laudem et magnincenciam nobilissime domine
sue, domine Johanne de Mohun, domine de Dunster, filie
clarissimi, strenui ac nobilissimi militis, domini Bartholomei
de Burghershe senioris, ad laudem cujus domine excellent-
issime et benignissime liber iste et tract [at] us, licet ruraliter,
per Johannem Osberne, clericum et servientem suum, com-
positus est anno regni Regis Edwardi tertii post conquestum
Anglie vicesimo quarto."!

From the foregoing it is clear that the fragment at
Haccombe was the Prologue to a volume known as the
Red Book of the Abbot of Newenham, compiled by Walter
de la Houe, Abbot of that house, during the archiepiscopate
of John Stratford, and dedicated to Lady Joan de Mohun
of Dunster. Mr. Salisbury's opinion that it was written
" about 1350" proves to be quite correct, the actual date
being between 1341 and 1348. To the ingenious but
uncritical Abbot must be ascribed the whole French section

* Particular Description of the County of Somersett (Somerset Record
Society), pp. 18, 20.

f MS. in the possession of the Earl of Egmont.

252 Devon Notes and Queries.

of the book, including the list of the supposed retinue of
William de Mohun, the story of Pope Innocent and Reginald
de Mohun, the list of the Archbishops of Canterbury, and
the account, copied by Leland, of Athelstan's victory over
the Danes at Brunanburg, which is here stated to have
been the ancient name of Axminster, close to the site of
Newenham Abbey.

On the other hand, Leland's notes on the burial-places
of the early Mohuns, and several erroneous statements in
Dugdale's Baronage, were taken from the Latin supplement
written in 1350 by John Osbern, of Streatley. The story
of Lady de Mohun's barefooted walk may come either
from the French section or from the Latin. It was not
transcribed by St. George. H. MAXWELL LYTE.

139. ADDRESSES FROM DEVON TO JAMES II. — On the
4th April, 1687, James II. issued a Memorable Declara-
tion of Indulgence in which he avowed it was his earnest
wish to see his people members of the Church to which
he belonged, but since that could not be, he announced
his intention to protect them in the free exercise of their
religion. He had long been convinced, he said, that con-
science was not to be forced, that persecution was unfavourable
to population and to trade, and that it never attained the ends
which the persecutors had in view. He proceeded to annul by
his own sole authority, a long series of statutes, and suspended
all penal laws against all classes of Nonconformists.

He authorised both Roman Catholics and Protestant
dissenters to perform their public worship publicly, he for-
bade anyone to molest any religious assemblies, and abrogated
all acts which imposed any religious test as a qualification
for any civil or military office.

A section of the Nonconformists hailed with delight the
indulgence, but the majority objected to the Declaration as
illegal, and declared themselves as adverse to the dispens-
ing power. Among these was the celebrated John Howe,
who had been ejected from Torrington.

As early as May, 1687, there appeared in the London
Gazette a copy of an address from Nonconformists of Exeter
and Devon thanking the King for the indulgence and
stating they had no hand in the rebellion of '85.

Devon Notes and Queries. 253

The address was as follows : —
The London Gazette. Published by Authority. From Thursday,

May 12, to Monday, May 17, 1687.
To the King's most Excellent Majesty.

The humble thanks of several of Your Subjects in Behalf of them-
selves and others in the City and County of Exon, and County of Devon.

Sheweth That we have long lived under many Troubles for our
Nonconformity, and for endeavouring to please God in the matters of
Christian Worship, which troubles have been very heavy here, and have
been continued to this last Easter Sessions '87, from all which God, by Your
Majesty, has now Freely, Graciously, and Wonderfully delivered us.

As for the Rebellion in '85, as we had no hand in it, so we heartily
hate that, and all Rebellion, upon any pretence whatsoever. Yet we
thankfully recollect and acknowledge Your favour for our share in Your
Majesty's Gracious pardon upon that occasion in March '85, by which
our Nonconformity before that time was remitted, and for Your late
Privy Seal to divers of us, not to be molested for our religion.

We also humbly and thankfully acknowledge Your great favour in
Your Majesties Generous and Noble Resolution declared in Council
the i8th of March '86 to give us liberty, and for confirming that liberty
to us by your Gracious Declaration of Indulgence the 4th of April '87.
And therein for Your further Free and Ample pardon of our Non-
conformity, which Freedoms in the Exercise of our Religion we can-
not sufficiently value, but thereby do hold ourselves obliged to a most
diligent Service of God, and to all due Obedience to Your Majesty.

That God may give Your Majesty His greatest Blessing shall be
the Prayer of, &c.

The Town Council of Totnes has recently become
possessed of an original copy of the London Gazette for
May 1688, which contains a copy of an address presented
to James II. by the Corporation of Totnes resolved on at
the General Sessions of the Peace held at Totnes, April 28th,
1688, which his Majesty received very graciously.

In November, 1687, James, by an order in Council had
removed Sir Edward Seymour, of Berry Castle, from being
Recorder of Totnes, and had required the Corporation to
elect Sir John Southcott, a Roman Catholic, without
administering any oath or oaths to him but the usual oath
of Recorder. This the Corporation refused to do by thirty-
three votes to four, two not voting. On the 23rd December
following by order in Council the King removed seventeen
members of the Corporation from office and a mandate was
delivered the Mayor by Sir John Southcott, requiring the
admission of seventeen others, including a number of leading
Nonconformists, one being Dr. Richard Burthogge, who

-254 Devon Notes and Queries.

was made a Magistrate and Alderman. On 22nd January,
1687-8, the King by order in Council removed the Mayor
and twelve other members of the Corporation and later he
granted a new Charter to the Borough by which Sir John
Southcott was named as Recorder and Christopher Farwell
as Mayor, and a number of others named made Aldermen,
Justices of the Peace and Assistants, including leading Roman
Catholics and Nonconformists. The new Corporation seems
to have been completed by April, 1688, and then passed the
following address to the King thanking him: —

The London Gazette. Published by Authority. From Monday,
May 14, to Thursday, May 17, 1688.

The following Address has been Presented to the King, which
His Majesty received very Graciously :

To the King's most Excellent Majesty.

The humble Address, of the Thanks, of the Mayor and Burgesses,
of Your Majesty's Corporation of Totness.
Great Sir,

As we have received the being of a Body Politick, by Your
Majesty's creative Power, so we do profess unto your Majesty, all the
devotion, that this Relation and Dependance can oblige us to Your
Majesty shall ever reign in our hearts, as well as over our Persons ;
and the greatest care of our whole lives, shall be the expression of
our gratitude in all the ways of Duty and Loyalty.

Particularly we will endeavour, what in us lies, to advance Your
Majesty's Glorious design, express'd in your most Gracious Declara-
tion of Indulgence, for the enfranchizing of Conscience, and the uniting
of all Your Subjects.

A design that does no less distinguish Your Majesty, above the
rest of Kings than Your Royal Character does above the rest of men.

And a design that we do certainly hope Almighty God will own,
and approve, as well by inclining the Hearts of Your Parliament
when You shall please to call one, to a concurrence with you therein ;
as by giving to your Majesty the utmost length of prosperous and
happy days ; and to Your Kingdoms the Blessing to see a Succession
of Kings, Branches of Your Royal Stem, to the last of time which
shall always be the prayer of

Your Majesty's most humble, most Loyal, and most Obedient
Subjects.

Borough of Totness at the Generall Sessions of the Peace held
there April 28, 1688.

In July, 1688, an address was presented to James II.
by the Clothiers of the Counties of Devon and Somerset
thanking him for his gracious hearing of their complaint
of the exportation of wool, and his speedy and effectual
redress thereof; in it is also a reference to his glorious

Devon Notes and Queries. 255

design of liberty of conscience. Many of those engaged in
the clothing trade were Nonconformists, hence the refer-
ence. The address was as follows : —

The London Gazette,. Published by Authority. From Monday,
July 16, to Thursday, July 19, 1688.

The following Address has been presented to the King. Which his
Majesty received very Graciously.

To the King's Most Excellent Majesty.

The humble Address of the Clothiers of the Counties of Devon
and Somerset.

May it please your Majesty,

We cannot but in a due sense of Your Majesty's great Goodness
to us, tender our most humble and hearty thanks for Your Gracious
hearing our miserable Complaint of the Exportation of Wool, and
Your Majesty's speedy, as well as effectual redress thereof, in the
issuing out Your Commission for that purpose ; by^ which Your
Majesty hath preserved and put a new Life to Trade, which, next
to great and Glorious Design of liberty of Conscience, is undoubt-
ably the best support of the Wealth and Grandeur of a Nation ; and
therefore we can now retnrn with joy to our respective Habitations.

And as it has pleased God, to our great joy, to bless Your Majesty
with a Royal Prince to sway the Scepter of these Kingdoms after
Your Majesty, so we heartily pray God there may never want of
Your Princely Posterity to sit on the Throne of Your Majesty, and
that he may in due time inherit Your Princely Virtues as well as
the just Dominion over all your Kingdoms.,

EDWARD WINDEATT.

140. PROCLAMATION OF LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE, 1867:
ADDRESSES TO JAMES II. FROM DEVONSHIRE NONCON-
FORMISTS.— The London Gazette of July 4th, 1687, publishes
loyal addresses from Kingsbridge and Bideford to His
Majesty James II. on his Majesty's Declaration for
Liberty of Conscience : —

To the King's most Excellent Majesty.

The Humble and most Thankful Address of Your Majesties most
Loyal Subjects in and about the Town of Kingsbridge in the
County of Devon, who are in the enjoyment of the highest
Favour and rich Privilege of Your Majesties late Gracious
Declaration for Liberty of Conscience.

May it please Your Majesty.

We your most faithful subjects are brought out of darkness of
Misery, to the light of Joy and Felicity, in that Your Majesty
hath set our Consciences at liberty, and Granted us Your Royal
and most Gracious Protection ^n the worship of our God; for

256 Devon Notes and Queries.

which we can never sufficiently Bless God and our King. And
we do hereby profess ourselves to be under the most sensible
Obligations to Honour and Serve Your Majesty to the utmost
of our Powers; not doubting that Your Majesty acting from
such high and Royal Principles,, as appear in Your most Gracious
Declaration, will please to continue to us the enjoyments and com-
fort hereof to the Glory of God and Your Majesties present and
everlasting Blessedness ; according to our daily Prayers, who are
from Inclination as well as Duty,

Your Majesties most Thankful and Obedient Subjects and Servants.

To the King's most Excellent Majesty.

The Humble Address of your Majesties Loyal Subjects of the
Congregational Persuasion and other Your Majesties Subjects,
dwelling in and about the Boroughs, Town and Manor of
Bideford in your Majesties County of Devon.

May it please your Majesty.

Your Royal Indulgence no sooner smiled on us, but we were
in an extasie of Joy to consider how Gracious Your Majesty is
toward us, and how happy and secure we and all Your People
are, in having so Wise, Just, and Merciful a Pyince to Protect
and Govern us. May we be exceedingly affected with that Series
of Providence, which hath so signally preserved and brought Your
Majesty to the Crown, and made you so transcendent a Blessing
to this Kingdom; and ever praise the Lord for inclining Your
Royal Heart to Grant us the free Exercise of our Religion, to
assure us the enjoyment of our Property, and in pity to our late
sufferings, to suspend those Penal Laws which rendered our and
Your other Dissenting Subjects Lives so very uneasie and un-
comfortable ; For all which Princely Care A ffection be pleased,
GREAT SIR, to accept our unfeigned Thanks, and to be persuaded
that Your Royal Person and Government is thereby so highly
endeared to us, that in defence thereof we shall at all times rejoyce
to obey Your Majesties Commands.

The Lord Protect our Gracious Prince, and His Royal Frmily,
and unite us and all Your Subjects to Love and Obedience to
Your most Excellent Government; and give us the Resolution to
our last breath to approve our selves

Dread Sovereign
Your Majesties most Loyal and Dutiful Subjects.

J. S. HURRELL.

Devon Notes and Queries. 257

141. FRENCH PRISONERS IN TIVERTON FROM 1797 TO
1811. — There have been previous records of the French
prisoners of these dates. Fullest in detail are those of the
late Mr. John Sharland, in his interesting little book, Free-
masonry Past and Present. But when one learns from the
Record Office that three hundred and twenty-nine prisoners
were received in Tiverton from the ist of October, 1797, to
the 30th of December, 1798, and between June, 1803, to June,
1811, no less than six hundred and seventy passed through
the formal charge of our mayors, we grasp what an important
place our little town was. The majority of the prisoners who
were drafted here came from Ashburton and Mill Prison,
Plymouth ; also Tavistock and London. A Mr. "Tucker is
often mentioned as an agent. I have heard there was a Mr.
Tucker, a silversmith in Fore street, who was famous for his
fluency in French, it may have been him or a forefather of
his. Tiverton had the distinction of receiving the better class
of prisoners who were on parole, and it is not surprising to
find some made their escape, particularly when the order
came for the curtailment of their freedom by the removal of
one hundred and eighty under military escort to Stapleton
Prison, Bristol, in December, 1797. An early escape in
November was of one Joe Richon, a servant. The journey
by road must have been full of exciting incidents. Captain
Daniel, Surgeon J. Bubec, Lieutenant Jean la Barbe, F. G.
Dumesnil, and Jean Elie, all made their escape early in
December, 1797.

On the 2oth of January, 1799, a large number of prisoners
were sent back to France by passport, among them Chef de
Brigade Jean Jacq les Seuillnac, Inspector of Transports Jean
Marchix, Surgeon Jacques Picquenard, and Ednie Louis
Luzean.

In 1803 m°re prisoners arrived, among the most important
was General Boyer, his stay was a very brief one. He was
captured on the Franchise man-of-war, and received on
parole at Tiverton ist July, 1803, and sent to Castleton on
the following i6th of October. In The Chronicles of Twyford
is a story of his correcting a mis-statement (posted in a
window) of the number of Turks killed at Jaffa by order of
Napoleon. The notice gave the number as two thousand and
he altered the figures to three thousand five hundred.

258 Devon Notes and Queries.

Among other arrivals that year were a Capt. Franc Wills,
also his wife and daughter captured from Dame Adelaide, a
merchant vessel; they were received on i2th of July, 1803,
and sent to Wincanton on parole on 22nd of October, 1805.

Death was also busy, for Passenger Maury came on the
1 8th of August and died September the 28th, 1803. The
sale of his effects realized £8 133, The money was sent to
London. Passenger Martel had the same fate, he arrived in
May and died in August. His effects realized £2. i6s. yd.
Dom Barbet also died in August, apparently a fatal month.
Midshipman Monbion Duportail died in 1807, P. Herriot in
1809, and Charles Desbastelle in 1810.

Admiral Dumanoir's name does not appear in the official
list, but there are records of his being here a prisoner on
parole in 1806. He lodged at the Angel Hotel. The landlady
offended him and he had sufficient command of our language
to compose the following lines :

"The house is high,

The walls are thin,
There's an ' Angel ' without,
But a devil within."

The date of Sir Sidney Smith's visit, according to papers in
the Record Office, was on the yth of January, 1806, but in the
Rev. E. Chalk's History of St. Peter's Church, page 104, the
dates of January the i2th and i3th are given for bell ringing
on the arrival of Admiral Smith. One can regard the visit
to Admiral Dumanoir as being not only a tribute of respect,
but also of sympathy, for Sir Sidney Smith had been a
prisoner of war in France for two years, and in less favourable
circumstances than those of Admiral Dumanoir.

A breach of parole occurred with a Marus Renand, cap-
tured from Le Rhin, a man-of-war. He arrived in August, 1806,
and was sent to confinement in Plymouth on the ist of June,
1808 ; and a purser, J. L. Jenney, captured from L'Espcigler in
1808, was permitted to return to Plymouth to embark for
France, but was detained, as he had in his possession the
effects of M. Mace, an escaped prisoner.

Among those who remained after peace was proclaimed
was said to be a family named De La Rue, they resided for
many years in St. Andrew Street, also a Madame Renard who
taught dancing — an aunt of mine was one of her pupils. But

Devon Notes and Queries. 259

the name that remains in most old memories is that of
Monsieur Alexander De la Motte (abbreviated to Lamotte).
When a prisoner he used his great gift as a linguist by
teaching French at Blundell's School, and after peace was
signed he became permanently foreign master at this school.
He acquired property in Tiverton, and among his purchases
was a field on the Exeter road called " Brickfield," where coal
is supposed to be. It was afterwards sold with a conditional
clause — that should a mine eventually be worked there the
De la Motte family were to have a share in the profits.

The prisoners being on parole, and many of them of good
social position, enjoyed many liberties and privileges, but
their patriotism must haye been sorely tried when^the bells of
St. Peter's Church rang all day for the various English
victories by land and sea, and even their slumbers were dis-
turbed by our triumphs, for in the History of St. Peter's Church
is the account of their being rung at n o'clock at night in
1808 when the official news came of the defeat of the French
at Lisbon.

The prisoners were not allowed more than one mile radius
from the town for a walk. The place for the roll call and
exercise was just beyond the limit. If was at the Prior's or
Friars' Walk at Bolham, a beautiful shady avenue. The
trees have been cut in my recollection and the path enclosed
near Hartnolls. And there war; a little irony in the Curfew
Bell being rung every night at St. George's Church for them
all to be within their temporary homes. The prisoners were
also required to sign their names once a week in a register
kept at the Town Clerk's Office. They were made acquainted
with these regulations on their arrival. As the public
records prove that between 1707 and 1811 about one thou-
sand prisoners passed through Tiverton, many of whom were
detained here some time, they must have found many resting
places. I can give only one definite home, the house (then
much larger) where Miss Mills now lives, in Barrington Street,
and from their ready help in St. Peter's Street during a
destructive fire some of them must have lodged near.

The prisoners made themselves useful and agreeable
during their stay, and employed their time in skilful workman-
ship— in carving and inlaid Sheraton work, some in the form of
small grandfathers clocks for the turnip watches then in vogue.

260 Devon Notes and Queries.

They instructed the inhabitants in the use of herbs, and
taught them French preparations of vegetables. But Tiverton
people were never reconciled to their habit of collecting and
cooking snails.

Many Tivertonians learned to speak French very well
from their constant intercourse with them. This year I had
the pleasure of meeting a lady who told me that when she and
her sister were young they used to complain of their father's
French accent, and his reply was " I am sure I am correct,
because I learned of the French prisoners."

About the time of their detention Dr. Jenner's innoculation
by vaccine was occupying much attention. They were very
opposed to any other vaccine than that from the cow ; and
regarded the passing of vaccine from one arm to another to
be weakening and possibly conveying disease.

From Mr. Sharland's account of Freemasonry we learn
they were allowed to form a separate Lodge, and their place
of meeting was in Castle Street. But they lost this privilege
when some of the prisoners made their escape, although the
transgressors were not Freemasons.

On the whole their stay in Tiverton left pleasant recollec-
tions in the memories of many who now, like them, have
passed from this world. EMILY SKINNER.

142. KNIGHTS' EFFIGIES IN EXETER CATHEDRAL (III.,
p. 105 ; par. 94). — In my notice of the above in III., p.
192 ; par. 144, I say if Richard de Chichester, the grand-
father of Sir John, assumed the " cheeky coat " as a pun
on his name, what coat was borne by Sir Thomas de
Cirencester, the great grandfather of Richard ? "
Jf- I find this question is answered in The Note Book of
Tristram Risdon, p. 248 : " Thomas de Cirencester, vicecomes
Somersetie, i3-22nd Henrici III., Argenf a chevron azure, a
label of three points gules." He is described as Thomas de
Cirencester, of St. Marychurch, Knight, p. 154, Sheriff of
Devon, tyme of King Henry III. Richard is said by
"Wotton" in his Baronetage to have been the first of the
family to take the name of Chichester, although in the
pedigree of Chichester of Youlston, in Burke, his son John,
who in 1433 married the heiress of Raleigh of Raleigh, is
called Sir John de Cirencester.

Devon Notes and Queries 261

There must, I think, be some mistake in the Shirley
Roll, in putting Richard Chichester, or Cirencester, as living
in the reign of Edward III. ; it should be Edward IV.,
in which reign he was Sheriff of Devon.

I find I am correct also in presuming that Hugh de
Raleigh of Raleigh derived the coat, Gules a bend lozengy argent,
from John le Marshall; in fact Ellis, in his Antiquities of
Heraldry, p. 203, considers he was his brother.

The Raleghs of Ralegh appear to have borne cheeky or
and gules, a chief vair till their extinction, when the arms
were borne by the Chichesters.

The following members of this branch were Sheriffs of
Devon : —

Hugh de Ralegh, 6 to 13 Henry II. ; William de
Ralegh, 10 and n Hy. III. (living 8 Ed. I.); Thomas
de Ralegh, 29 to 35 Ed. I. Gules, a bend vair between 6
cross crosslets or, was borne by Henry Ralegh of Strete
Ralegh, Kt., living 56 Henry III.; Henry Ralegh of Strete
Ralegh, Kt., living 8 Ed. I.; Henry Ralegh, of Beade-
port, Knight, living 33 Ed. I. ; John Ralegh, his son, of
Combe Ralegh and Beadport, Knight, living 3 Ed. III.;
John Ralegh, of Beaudport, Kt., Sheriff, 12 and 13 Ed. III.
Gules, 3 fusils conjoined in fess argent, borne by Gervais
Ralegh of Warklegh, Knight, living temp. Hy. III., died
23 Ed. I. ; John Ralegh of Warklegh, Knight, living 10
Ed. II. Argent, a cross moline gules between 3 crosses-crosslet
fitchy sable, borne by John Ralegh of Charles, or Charneys,
Sheriff, 14, 15 Ed. III. ; John Ralegh of Charles, or Charneys,
Sheriff, 41 and 42 Ed. III. ; Thomas Ralegh of Charnes,
sonne of John, Sheriff, 23 Ed. III. ; Edward Ralegh of
Chales, died 13 Henry VIII. ; George Ralegh of Charles,
Kt., dwelt in Warwickshire, Eliz. Gules, 5 fusils conjoined
in bend argent, a label of 3 points az. borne by Wymond
Ralegh of Smalerige, Knight, living 32 Hy. III. ; Hugh
Ralegh of Smalerige, Knight, living 2 and 8 Ed. I. ; Hugh
Ralegh of Smalerige, Knight, living i Ed. II. ; Peter
Ralegh of Smalerige, Knight, living 7 and 17 Ed. III.;
John Ralegh of Smalerige, Knight, 40 Ed. III. ; John
Ralegh of Smalerige and Fardell, Kt., i Ric. II. ; Walter
Ralegh of Colaton Ralegh, Knight Warden of the Stannary,
1584; Carew Ralegh, Knight, 1592, born at Fardell temp.

262 Devon Notes and Queries.

Eliz., which he hath sold ; Ralegh of Brounscomb, the
same arms : A label of 5 points az.

Note. — Risdon, p. 161, gives the following members of
the family, who, with 13 other knights, " were retorned
uppon a great assise betwixt the Lord of Axmister,
Henry th' Abbot of Newham, and the Abbot of St. Michael's
for suyte of the manner of Yartecomb unto the hundred
of Axmister, 8 Edward I.": William Ralegh of Ralegh,
neere Barstable, Knight ; Hugh Ralegh of Smaleridge,
Knight; Henry Rawlegh of Strete Ralegh, Knight.

Is there any pedigree that shows the connexion between
these various branches of the Ralegh family ?

G. T. WINDYER MORRIS.

143. SOME VICARS OR MINISTERS OF SEATON. — Through
the courtesy of the Rev. P. J. Richardson I have recently
searched the Seaton parish church registers. From
signatures and entries they contain I find there are three
Vicars of Seaton not mentioned in the list given in Pulman's
Book of the Axe. They come between John Paynter and Edward
Serle. Pulman is in error in giving the name of Paynter
as " John," as by the signatures and entries in the registers
his name is " Henry."

The following is a copy of the entries referred to :—
1612. The xxiiiith day of May being Satterday Thomas Phillips,

clarke and vicar of Seaton was buried, who died the Sunday

before which was the xviiith day of May Ano. Dni. 1612.
1612. Mr. Henry Paynter and Jane Starre were married the xxvth day

of Januarie.
1618. Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Paynter, clarke, vicar, baptized

xvii September.

1620. Mary, daughter of Henry Paynter, clarke, vicar, and of Jane
his wife baptized xx August.

1621. Sara, daughter of Henry Paynter, clarke, vicar, and of Jane
his wife, baptized xxiv March.

1624. John Paynter, sonne of Henry Paynter, clarke, vicar, and of
Jane his wife, baptized xxv of March.

1625. Samuell Paynter, sonne of Henry Paynter, clarke, vicar, and of
Jane his wife, baptized xix March.

1626. Mrs. Jane Paynter, wife of the Wor11 Henry Paynter, Bachelor
of Divinitie, was buried the ffourth day of July, Ano. Dni., 1626.

1629. Elizabeth Walton, daughter of Mr. William Walton, clarke, and
of Elizabeth his wife, was baptized the xxviith day of October.

1634. Jane Walton, daughter of Mr. Walton and Elizabeth his wife,
was baptized the xviiith day of ffebruarie.

Devon Notes and Queries. 263

1637. Mr. Hugh Gundri, clarke, and Edith his wife had a daughter

baptized the xxxth day of August named Elizabeth.
1639. Mary, daughter of Mr. Hugh Gundry, dark and minister of

this parish, and of Edith his wife, was baptized the xxvii day

of December.
1639. Elizabeth Gundry, daughter of Mr. Hugh Gundry, dark and

minister of this parish, and of Edith his wife, was buried the

ivth day of September.
1648. Master Hugh Gundry, darke and minister of God's Word, was

buryed the xxxi day of March.
1642. John Northeworthy, the sonne of Mr. John Northeworthy

dark, and of Elizabeth his wife, was baptized the vith of

January.
1650. Master John Norsworthy, minister of God's Word, had a sonne

baptized the ixth day of ffehruarie named Samuell in the year

of Our Lord 1650.
1644. Elizabeth Norsworthy, daughter of Mr. John Norsworthy,

preacher of God's Word, and of Elizabeth his wife, was buried

iv September.
1654. Stephen, sonne of Master John Northeworthy, borne xviii

ffebruarie and baptized the xxi day of ffebruarie.

Vivian's Marriage Licences of the Diocese of Exeter gives
the following : —

l6H- Jan< I2> Henry Paynter, of Seaton, and Mary Starre, of the
same.

Calamy's Nonconformist's Memorial has an account of a
Mr. Hugh Gundery, rector of Maperton, Dorset, " Ejected
in 1662. After his ejectment he preached mostly in Devon-
shire, often at Newton Chapel, a peculiar belonging to
Ailsbeere. He was one of the twelve in that county who
took the oath required by the five mile act, in 1665." So
that he cannot be the same as the Hugh Gundry buried
at Seaton in 1648.

Calamy gives a long account of Mr. John Nosworthy.
He states: — "Mr. John Norsworthy, M.A., Oxford, born
at Manaton, Nov. i5th, 1612, of religious parents. He
married Mr. Irish's daughter, of Dartmouth, by whom he
had 1 6 children. At first he preached in Northampton-
shire. From Northamptonshire he returned to Devon, and
preached at Seaton in 1655, where he met with great
respect from the neighbouring gentry. He departed this
life Nov. igth, 1677, aged 66." In 1659 he was settled in
the rectory of Manaton, which he quitted at the Restora-
tion.

264 Devon Notes and Queries.

Mrs. Jane Yonge, of Colyton, co. Devon, widow, in her will,
dated i5th Nov., 1654, proved 2nd July, 1655, and (57 Aylett,
P.P.C.), mentions Mr. John Northsworthy, vicar of Seaton.

Mrs. Jane Yonge was daughter of John Peryam, mayor
of Exeter 1587 and 1598, and widow of Walter Yonge,
M.P. for Honiton, author of The Diary. He was son of
John Yonge, of Colyton, where he was baptized in 1579
and buried in 1649. Mrs. Jane Yonge was buried I7th
April, 1655, at Colyton.

The Branscombe Parish Church Registers contain the follow-
ing entry : —

1658. Edward Northwherthy, minister of Branscombe, died the 29th
Aprill, and xvas buried 3rd day of May.

It is probable that John and Edward Northworthy were
connected, possibly brothers. A. J. P. SKINNER.

144. CHANTRELL, OF BAMPTON. — I should feel much
obliged if any of your readers could afford any information
respecting the ancient family of Chantrell, of Bampton,
whose arms (argent 3 hounds statant sable) are depicted,
quartered with De la Poyle, in early xvi. century stained
glass in the south transept window of East Coker Church,
Somerset. Was the Hon. Henry William Chantrell, the
late Auditor-General of Trinidad, a member of this family ?
The name does not occur in Westcote.

C. TROYTE-CHAFYN-GROVE, F.S.A.

145. DEVONSHIRE PLACE NAMES. — Can any reader help me
to locate some estates mentioned in early Feet of Fines, viz. : —

1. Blackmanshassoc, 10 acres in, belonging to the Church
of All Saints of Liv.

2. Halsour and Guliowill, held under the Dean and
Chapter of Exeter.

3. Also Lenercombe, Haffped, and Sibbridge Ford.

In the three last named I have no clue as to the locality.

OSWALD J. REICHEL.

146. WEBBER (IV., par. 105, p. 191). — The name is
mentioned several times in the Register of Bishop Stafford
(1395-1419) and three times in that of Bishop Brantyngham
(1370-94), and a Brother Thomas de Wybbebire was con-
firmed Abbot of Hartland in 1281 (temp. Bp. Quivil).

W. E. MUGFORD.

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Devon Notes and Queries.

147. NORTH DEVON POTTERY. — We are indebted to
Mr. T. Charbonnier, of Lynmonth, for the photograph from
which the illustration of pottery found in North Devon is
taken.

148. ATT YARD OR YARDE FAMILY. — The foregoing
pedigree and following notes on the " ancient family " of
" Atyard " or " Yarde " may be of interest to your readers.
They are taken from an old manuscript by a sealcutter in the
Strand, London, about 1689. I have omitted some of the
old forms of letters used, as they would be difficult to print,
but the spelling of words is as in the original document.

NOTES ON YARD FAMILY.

Richard Yard, High Sheriff of ye county of Devon, was born
at Bradley, the mansion house of this family at that time, in the
parish of Highwike near Newton Abbot, in this county of Devon
aforesaid. He descended ?] from a line of his ancestors [which ?]
was at a seat called Yard in ye parish of Marlborow 4 miles south-
west of Kingsbridg. There were heretofore and perhapps are so
still 4 places in this county known by ye name of Yard, as Yard in
Clist-Hidon ; and in Old Deeds de Virga, Yard-Coles in ye parish of
Rose-Ash or Esse, Ralph's near South Molton ; and Yard of or in
Marland, called for distinction Peters Marland ; and the house of
Yard and estate at Marlborogh in ye parish aforesaid of Yard,
now the seat of Doctor Dyer successor to his brother Rich. Dyer
Esqr. ; and from this family of Yard of Yard aforesaid and pursuant
to ye antiquitye and their have issued from that stock about nineteen
or twenty Generations in a dyrect Line : in many branches of the
familye to be seen at this day at Bradley, Treesbeer, Whiteway,
Exeter, etc., together with that Antient branch of Churston Court
whose matches all along hath been very honourable as by the fore-
going doth appear in the peddigree of Edward Yard Esqr. now
living at Churston Court and wherein you may find that " At- Yard "
had issue :

William Atyard who by Maud ye daughter of Henry Sloghill

had issue

Henry de la Yarde who by Jone yc daughter of Esse had issue
Bryan do. who by Lowe daughter of Phillip Monach alias

Monk had issue

William At-Yard who by Mary the daughter of Benson had issue
Roger At-Yard who by Elizabeth daughter of Gilbert de la Yeo

had issue
Roger At-Yard who by Elizonta cusen and heire of John Bussel

of Tingwike and Nuton Bussel had issue

Thomas At-Yard who by ? had issue

Richard Yard of Bradley, the person now in hand who by Joan

U

266 Devon Notes and Queries.

daughter and Coheir of William Ferrers of Churston Ferrers
in ye parish of Brixham (altho' a parish of itself) had issue

Gilbert Yard of Bradley who by Margaret daugr of Sir Will.
Wadham of Merefield K1 had issue

Roger Yard who by Joan daughter of Richard Halse of Kenedon
nr Kingsbridge had issue

John Yard, who died without issue and

Richard Yard who by Margaret daughter of William Bampfield
Esqr. of Poltimore had issue

Thomas and John of Tresbeer in ye parish of Honiton's Clist
and others

Thorn. Yard of Churston and Bradley had successively 2 wives
and had issue by both.

Thomas Yard's first wife was Elizabeth daughter of Will Levison
Serg4 at Law ; the second was Joan daughter of William
Hurst of Exeter upon whose issue male, the said Thomas
Yard settled Bradley (which prospereth in the Relicq of
Gilbert Yard Esqr who married Elizabeth ye daughter and
heir of Henry Blackler of Sharpham in the parish of
Ashprington,Esqr. That Thomas Yard aforesaid married Eliza-
beth the daughter of Sergeant Levison, it is confirmed from the
epitaph on ye Sergeant's Tomb in ye parish Church of
Sutton Colfield in Warwickshire, as may be seen in Dugdal's
Antiquatyes of that county of Warwick page ye 668, which
Elizabeth was daughter of Sergeant Levison and Amy his
wife the daughter of William Herman alias Vesey, sister
to ye famous Vesey Bishop of Exon who to raise the town
of his Nativity, Sutton Colfield afores ruined his see of
Exon. By her the said Thomas Yard had issue.

Edward Yard who by Agnes daughter of William Strode of
Newnham had issue

George Yard who by Christian daughter of John Giles of Bowden
in the parish of Totnes had issue

Edward Yard who by Elizabeth daughter of Walter Northcot
of Crediton Esqr. (she was afterwards married to Barrabas
Potter, Bishop of Carlile) had issue

Edward Yard who by the daughter of John Fowns of Plymouth
had issue

Edward Yard Esqr. (a Justice of the Peace and sometime a
Burgess in Parlym* for the town of Dartmouth) who by
Anne daughter of Thorn Warr in Summersetshire had issue

Edward Yard the present possessor Lately one of the Burgesses
in Parliment for ye town of Totnes in Devonshire, who
married the Relicq of that worthy and friendly gentleman
Henry Northlegh of Pamore near Exon, Esqr.

The Decent of this familye of Yard is very remarkable, which
few others can say, for it hath continued in a dyrect Line from
Father to son for many hundreds of years, in the same "quality"

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Devon Notes and Queries. 267

and condition. Now, Let us go on concerning Richard Yard Esqr.
He was the Grandson of Roger Yard of Yard by Elizonta his
wife the cousin and Heir of John Bussell of Newton Bussell as was
said before who brought with her a great Estate unto this Name
as Bradley, Tingwike and Newton Bussell which had continued in
the Bussells five decents ; and Robert de Englishville first granted
it unto Robert Bussell his kinsman (being his sister's son) and
foster child wh was Rattified by K. Henry 3d in y* 46 year of his
Raign, from which time it remained in ye Name of Bussel unto
the days of K Richd the 2nd about 40 years ; when by matches as
aforesaid, it came to be the Inheritance of Thomas, the father of
that Richard Yard of whom we are speaking ; He was in his time
a very Emminent Person and by the distinguishing -favour of K-
Heny vj in ye 2ist year of his Raign made High Sherriff of this
County ; when he Dyed or where Buried, I am not certain.

This familye hath yielded several other persons of Eminency ; such
was John Yard of Tresbeer near Exon Esqr., a younger Colonie which
long since issued out of this Ancient House ; who in ye " Time of the
Commotion " (as it was heretofore called) in ye Days of K. Edwd. vj,
when the Rebels were com to Clystbridge, 4 miles East of Exon and
opposed the King's forces under the Command of the Lord Russel,
their General, did very notable service ; for the Rebels being routed at
Viniton, rallied and retreated thither, where they so fortified them-
selves, that they could not easily be forced ; not wth standing ye
valiant assault made upon them by Sr William Francis of Combe
Flory in Somersetshire but originally of this county, who there winning
fame, lost his Life, nor could the King's army prevail, until at length,
by the advice of Mr. Yard a valiant Gentleman and a native near the
place, as is said, the River was found fordable ; where leading over
divers of them in person, he came upon the Enimie's back, and caused
them to remove thence to the lower end of Clist Heath ; where againe
they Intrenched themselves as their Last Refuge (so Speed tells us).
They brought into the Field, the Crucifix under a Canopy, wch instead
of an Altar, was set in a Cart acompaned wth Crosses Banners, Holy
Bread and Holy Water, both to drive away Devills and to Dul the
Enimie's Swords : wch it did not, nor could they Deliver themselves in
the Day of destruction, for after a bloody battle, they were Totally
routed, and all the Trinketts were cast in the Dirt ; This Gentleman
(J.Y.) married Joice ye daughter of Sir Edward Gray K* whose
posterity flourishes at Tresbeer to this day. And as a confirmation of
the continued loyalty of this familye, Edward Yard of Churston Esqr.,
paid dearly for it, several hundred pounds, by way of Composition ; in
" the late times " of Anarchy and Rebellion.

The most Antient Coat of this Familye alluding to their Name was
Gules, a Ckeveron between three Matyards Or, but upon the Match with
the Heiress of Bussel, they have since given his Armes.

T.G.S.

268 Devon Notes and Queries.

149. THE LABEL IN THE COURTENAY ARMS. — In any
doubt which may arise as to the correctness of the label
which sometimes appears in the arms of Courtenay, Earls
of Devon, the fact must be borne in mind that till 1740
there were two branches of the family, the French and
English, and of these the English was the junior.

The family was founded by Athon about the year
A.D. 1000, and rose to regal rank in France, the country of
its origin. This Athon had as his arms or, 3 torteaux gules,
which continued to be the arms of the family of Courtenay,
and were borne in their simplicity by the descendants who
came to England, and were Barons of Okehampton, in
Devonshire, and subsequently Earls of Devon. But when
the English representatives of the Courtenay family met,
during the wars in France, the French representatives, in
days when armour prevented any personal recognition,
and the outward and visible coat of arms were the only
means of identification, it was necessary and in accordance
with the laws of heraldry that a distinguishing mark should
shew both to friend and foe which Courtenay was present.
Therefore the junior or English branch imposed upon the
coat of arms, which they had inherited from their ancestor
Athon, the mark of cadency proper to the eldest cadet of a
family, namely, a label of 3 points.

The French branch bore the coat or, 3 torteaux gules.
The English branch bore or, 3 torteaux gules, with a label of
3 points azure (this label sometimes appears differenced with
annulets or mitres).

However, though for many years this difference held
between the two branches of the Courtenay family, and there
is no example of a coat representing the French branch with a
label, and no example of a coat representing the English
branch without a label till the time of Henry VIII. of
England, yet in that monarch's reign the English branch
rose to almost the same proximity to the throne of England
as their French relations had in the past to that of France,
and Henry Courtenay, Marquis of Exeter, and son of
Margaret, daughter of King Edward IV. of England, omitted
from his arms the mark of even the highest inferiority and
his coat of arms appears without the label, and, in spite of
the beheadal and attainder of his father Edward Courtenay,

Devon Notes and Queries. 269

restored as Earl of Devonshire by Queen Mary I. of England,
bore on his coat or, 3 tovieaux gules without a label, in spite also of
the fact that the French and senior branch of the Courtenay
family were still in existence. It was wrong both of Henry
Courtenay, Marquis of Exeter, and of Edward Courtenay, his
son, Earl of Devonshire, to reject the label, but its wrongful
rejection was continued by the senior English branch after the
death of Edward Courtenay at Padua, in the reign of Mary I.
of England.

But when about the middle of the i8th century the French
branch died out, this wrongful rejection became rjght. Until
that time in spite of high position the label should have
been borne by the English branch. When by the termi-
nation of the French branch the head of the English branch
became the senior representative of the Courtenay family, he
was right in bearing on his arms or, 3 torteaux gides and not
or, 3 torteaux gules with a label of 3 points azure.

Thus since the middle of the i8th century the correct
arms of the head of the English branch of the Courtenays
has been and are or, 3 torteaux gules.

N.B.— William Reginald, xi Earl of Devon, obiit 1888,
wrongly bore the label, but in so far as, and when the
arms he bore are represented, the label should appear.
So when a representation is made of the arms borne
by Henry Courtenay, Marquis of Exeter, or of his son
Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire, the label
should be omitted, though in the former its addition
and in the latter case its omission is wrong.

HENRY H. COURTENAY.

150. FRAGMENT OF A PALIMPSEST BRASS FOUND AT
LUPPIT (IV., par. no; pp. 193-4). — The palimpsest brass
found at Luppit and figured in the April number of
D. N. S3 Q., is one of exceptional interest. Unfortunately it
is but a fragment, measuring about 14 by n inches. The
obverse or later side, which is of excellent design and
workmanship, shows a portion of a lady in the costume
of a widow and may be dated to the second quarter of
the fifteenth century. Roughly, the figure extends from the
shoulders to the elbows and shows the ends of the veil
head-dress, the wimple, the gown with close sleeves edged
with fur, and the mantle also fur-lined and fastened by the

270 Devon Notes and Queries.

usual cord ; but the special point of interest is the use of
small shields, in the place of the usual studs or brooches,
to fasten the cord to the mantle. So far as the writer is
aware this is the only example on brasses of the use of
small shields for such a purpose. The shield on the right
shoulder bears the arms of Bonville (sa.)t six mullets 3, 2,
and i, (arg.)j pierced (gu.) The one on the left shoulder the
arms of Damarell per fess (gu.) and (az.), three crescents (arg.),
quartering Bonville. Sir William Bonville, who died in
1408, married Margaret, daughter and co-heiress of Sir
William Damarell, and to the issue of this match we must
look for the lady commemorated by the brass. In addition
to sons, Sir William left two daughters, Katherine, married
successively to Sir John Cobham and John Wyke, and Eliza-
beth, who became the wife of Thomas, Lord Carew, most
probably the lady to whose memory the brass was laid down.
The reverse or earlier side of the brass shows that the
figure has been cut out of a much larger effigy of another
lady, of date about 1400. This fragment, which is also
well engraved, shows the hands, the right shoulder and
the right arm of a lady, wearing a gown with tight sleeves,
having at the wrists small bands ornamented with quatre-
foils. The mantle has a narrow border correspondingly
ornamented, but is otherwise plain, whilst the front of the
gown bears a chevron charged with Jive fleur-de-lys, a coat
which may belong to the families of either Babthorpe,
Arton, or Peyver. The cord or band of the mantle is
arranged in a peculiar and unusual manner ; it passes
under the right out over the left wrist. Both sides of the
brass are of English workmanship, and the reverse may be
looked upon as a workshop waster, rejected for some
fault and turned over and re-used. The plate is of excel-
lent material and of unusual thickness. On the reverse
side it has been bevelled off at the top in order to make
a union for the head of the Bonville lady. The brass
appears to have been torn from its original slab with con-
siderable violence, for it is badly cracked and bent on its
lower edge. No casement now remains either in the church
or churchyard, so the fragment has recently been mounted
in a wooden frame to ensure its safe preservation.

MILL STEPHENSON.

Devon Notes and Queries. 271

151. EXETER CLERICAL SUBSIDIES. — The Clerical Sub-
sidy Rolls of the Diocese of Exeter, which are preserved in the
Public Record Office, London, are a source of much valu-
able local information.

The earliest (No. **) is of the time of Edward II, and
is calendared as "A list of benefices chargeable with a
Subsidy, within the Archdeaconry of Cornwall ; (one mem-
brane a fragment)."

No. ** is of 2 Ric. II, and is thus described :— " Letter of
Thomas, Bishop of Exeter, addressed to the Abbot of the
monastery of Tours, reciting a writ of th§ King's, con-
taining the manner & form in which the Subsidy lately
granted by the Clergy of the Province of Canterbury was
to be collected, and appointing the said Abbot to be the
Collector of the same ; (one membrane, Archdry of
Totnes)."

No. 2/, judged from its character to be of Richard II's
time, is headed : — " Particule Compoti Prioris de Laun-
ceston, Coll. subs. xvj(l. Regi a prelat' et Clero Cant'
Provinc', A° tertio concess' ; de singulis marcis quorum-
cunque bonorum et benefic' ecclesiastic' exempt' & non
exempt', privilegiat' & non privilegiat' necnon, capellar'
regiar' et aliar' liberarum capellarum & prioratuum alienigen',
ad x™" taxat, ac etiam bonor' & benefic' ecclesiastic' minime
taxat' juxta verum valorem eorundem, necnon subs' duorum
solid' de singulis presbiteris advocatis procuratoribz regis-
tratoribz et notar' publicis minime beneficiat', et ad xam non
solvent ; per literas T. Exon. Episc. ad idem subs' colligend'
deputat'. (A roll of three membranes written on both
sides). This gives the names of parishes in Cornwall and
the names of their incumbents. The next is also con-
cerned with Cornwall.

No. a* is the first that deals with the county of Devon.
It is a document of the most interesting type, not only
enumerating the livings with their valuations, but giving
the names of all the clergy, including even the Chantry-
Chaplains and Clerks.

I have made a complete transcript of this roll, which I
have the pleasure of offering to readers of D. N. <£> Q.

Others that contain personal names are |*b (Ric. II),
II (7 Hen. IV), f J (7 Hen. V), #« (27 Hen. VI), «8 (temp.

272 Devon Notes and Queries.

Hen. VI, Cornub), 22069 (temp. Hen. VII). From Henry VII's
time onwards they are very numerous.

No. //ga is of exceptional character. It is headed
thus: — "This Indenture made the fourth day of November
in the xxxvth yere of the Reygne of o'r sou'aygne lord kyng
Henry the VIIIth, Wytnesseth that in the p'sence of me,
John Blaxton, cofnissarye to the Byshope of exon, I, George
Haydon, undershyreff of Devon, have recevyde of the
churchwardens of such churches as her after folow, the
sumes of money underwryten by them gathered of the Devocyon
of the people, for Defence agenst the Turk, to be by me co'veyed
to th'andys of Syr Edmond Pechfn Knyght, Coferer of the
kyng's mate's Howshold. Jn wytnes whereof . . . (etc.)"
There ensues a list of Churchwarden's names, e.g. :

Nicholas Cleff the pysh of Chagford ... gs 2d ob.

Crystopher Whyte „ „ Throwlegh 3s 4d ob.

Willm Barnabyn „ „ Gydlegh ... 4s 4d etc.

No. ^ (32 Hen. VI) yields the following particulars
of the staff of Exeter Cathedral : —

" Decanatus de Donesford . . . De diversis benefic' ecclesiast'
non electivis subscr' . . .

De xls de huius med' X* de diu'sis b'nficiis subscr'is que sunt dig-
nitates eccl'ie cathedral' Exon' & que de xlu taxantr p' annu. Vid'l't —
xs de Cantar' Exon' que ad x11 ; xs de cancellar' fixon' que ad
x11 ; xxs de Thes' Exon' que ad xxu, pt'ic'larit" taxrntr p' annu' sic'
cont' in d'co Rot'lo taxat' ac p' concessionem supdc'm On'ant3 sup1
comp'm de Ixvij5 de xa p'dc'a de d'usis b'nficiis & p'bend subscri's
que ad Ixvij11 taxant' p' annu.' Vidl't — iiijs de p'bend' p'centor', que
ad iiij11 ; iiijs vjd de p'bend' Rad'i Germayn, que ad lxxs ; ijs de
p'bend' hugonis Splott, que ad xls ; iijs de p'bend' Ph'i Colbath,
que ad lxs ; iijs de p'bend' mag'ri Ric'i parre, que ad 1s ; iijs vid de
p'bend' Walt' Ivelc'str', que ad lxxs ; ijs vid de p'bend' Rob'ti
Scardeburgh, que ad 1s ; iijs vjd de p'bend' Rad'i le Boteler, que
ad lxxs ; iijs de prebend' magr' Will'o de Kilkenny, que ad lxs ;
ijs vjd de p'bend' magr' Robt'i de Roos, que ad 1s ; vjs viijd de
eccl'ia de morcestr* Ep'i, que ad vj11 xiijs iiijd ; xxs de eccl'ia de
peynton, que ad xx11 ; vs iiijd de vicar' eiusdem eccl'ia, que ad
cvjs ; p'ticularit' taxantr p' ann, sic' cont' in d'co Rot'lo taxat'."

Unfortunately most of the earlier numbers are only
single small membranes, giving an abstract account of the
receipts of the collectors. Some are letters to or from the
Bishop touching the nature and manner of collection, or
respecting the appointment of collectors, who appear

Devon Notes and Queries.

273

generally to be heads of religious houses, such as the Abbey
of Tavistock, the Abbey of Buckfastleigh, etc. — different
houses in different years. In some cases the collectors
petition to be exonerated from certain amounts. In ££K
(" Qu. 8 Ed. IV ") and in several later ones, we have
lists of benefices described as " paupeves" and on that
account exempted from the payment of tax.

Some of the accounts seem to refer exclusively to
Chaplains or Chantry-Priests (e.g., f J). No. l\ (8 Hen. VI)
is most explicit as to the rates of assessment of these,

"Viz.: — 6s 8d de quolibet capellano recipient' prcv salario suo
p' ann' ioos> vel equivalenter ; 13s 4d de quolibet capellano recipient'
pro salario suo p' ann. 9 marc' vel ultra, minus tamen xij marc' ;
2OS!?de quolibet capellano recipient' pro salario suo p' ann. xii marc',
yel ultra ; aos de quolibet presbitero Cantarien' recipient' pro salario
suo x marc', vel ultra, minus tamen x11 xiijs iijd."

TRANSCRIPT OF CLERICAL SUBSIDY ROLL EXON Dioc.

No. ^. Calendar says " (Ric. II) :— A fragment of a Roll con-
taining- a list of the Clergy and other religious persons and houses
within the diocese of Exeter chargeable to a subsidy. A roll of
thirteen membranes."

[This is apparently the earliest Clerical Subsidy Roll that con-
tains names of benefices and clergy in Exon diocese. The earliest
roll calendared is temp. Ed. II, but that is a list of benefices in the
Archdry of Cbrwwatf.-E.L-W.]

DECAN' DE MORTON'.

b'nficiati.

[Value]

[Tax]

De Dn'o Ricardo hollewille Rec' de morton' q' valet

p' ann'. x11

Vs

,, ,, Will'mo Durlyng „

maneton' ,, ,, cs

ys

,, ,, Johne lychefeld ,,

Northbouy ,, ,, viij11

ijs

,, ,, Joele Asseton ,,

lustelegh ,, ,, xxs

ijs

„ „ Dauid Balle

Iddeford ,, ,, iij marc'

ijs

„ „ ThomaWyche ,,

Teyngg(s?),, „ xld

ijs

,, ,, Will'o Trendelbeare vicar de Wydecombe ,, viij marc' ijs

,, ,, Rob'to langebroke ,,

Ilsty'ngton ,, ij marc'

ijs

„ ,, Rog'o Castelgos ,,

Teynton Reg' ,, iij11

ijs

,, ,, Joh'ne atte mille ,,

Bouyt'cy ,, xxs

us

,, ,, Thoma Wenlake ,,

Heanock ,, di marc

ijs

,, ,, Joh'ne Aysch'p'ton ,,

Aysch'p'ton ,, xij11

Vs

Capellani.

„

De D'no Ric'o Tylle capell' ijs

De D'noStep'ho s'ci laurenc

'

,, Will'mo Julian ,, ijs

de Aysch'pton

iijs

,, Will'mo Morton ,, ijs

,, Joh'ne Illeberd

ijs

,, Durlingo Abbot ,, ijs

,, Joh'ne Woluelegh'

i]s

,, Joh'ne Godeford

ijs

274

Devon Notes and Queries.

Clerici. [Tax]

De D'no Thorn' Rayllecomb

cl'ico iiijd

Tax]

Walt'o Bollebeare
Will'mo Beadecok

injc

De D'no Joh'ne Parleben
„ Joh'ne Dygon
,, Joh'ne Gaudere

Sma xlviij3

DECAN' DE IPPLEPEN'.
mo'sfium.

D. Joh'ne Berkaden Abb'te de Torre q' val'

p' ann
De ffr'e Georgio

Grymyston
Galfrido Baron

xxu

,, Joh'ne Byneley xxd

,, Thoma Burgeys xxd

Will'mo horsford xxd

ex marc' xxs

De fFre Joh'ne Tylly xxd

,, ,, Egidio Pelyng xxd

,, ,, Joh'ne Gryndel xxd

,, „ Ric'o Uphom xxd

,, Ric'o Sele xxd

Vrificiati.

De D'no luc' Codecote Rec. de Denebury q' val p' ann'

[Value] [Tax]

Rog'o Chest'feld ,, Ipplepen ,,
Edwardo vicar' de Peynton' ,,
Ric'o hollerugg ,, Bryxham ,,
R'g'l'o ,, Burypom'ay ,,

Joh'ne Wyndesore ,, Gobestoke ,,
Nich'o R'c. de Torbrian „

Joh'ne Hempston vie' de hempston ,,
Joh'ne cok' vie' de Carsewille Abbot , ,
Henrico ,, Stau'ton' ,,

Thoma ,, Sentemarichurch ,,

Nich'o R. de hemston pu'a

v mrs

0

xviij11
xiij11
xiij11
xls

Vs
Vs
Vs

v mrs.

ijs

v mrs.

ijs

v mrs.

ijs

xls

ijs

cs

ijs

xls

ijs

v mrcs.

ijs

Capellani.

De D'noJoh'neDalkyn capell' ijs

,, Rob'to Joon ,,

,, Nich'o Bryxham ,,
,, Ric'o de churcheton' ,,
„ Joh'ne de Kyngges-

were ,,
,, RadTo de Corswill ,,

Clerici.

D. Joh'ne de Ipplepen

cl'ico

,, Joh'ne compe ,,

,, Rob'to Yunge ,,

De D'no Will'o de

Coffynyswill capell'
,, Pet0 Duck ,,

„ Rad'l'o Cleuecomb ,,
,, Joh'ne Ulueston ,,
,, Will'mo Dauy ,,

D. Joh'ne Underhull
,, Joh'ne Semere
,, Ric'o Boterel
,, Joh'ne Kerry

Sma iiij11 xiiij5

ijs
ijs
ijs
ijs
ijs

Devon Notes and Queries.

275

DECAN' TOTTON'.

moasfium. [Value] T[ax]

D. Rob'to Abb'te Buckfeste q' val p' ann' lvh xvijs iiij xiiis

nija

D. ffr'e Will'mo morchard

D. ffr'e Joh'ne Pral

xijd

xijd

,, ,, lucano hollewill

xijd

„ ,, Joh'ne Blachewille xijd

,, ,, Joh'ne Toriton'

xijd

,, ,, Joh'ne Skyredon' xijd

,, ,, Simone Durcomb'

xijd

„ ,, Rob'to Coke xijd

,, ,, Edwardo Stylle

xijd

,, ,, Ra'd'lo Middelworth xijd

,, ,, Nich'o Bystowe

xijd

,, ,, Steph'o luscomb xijd

,, ,, henr' henre

xijd

,, ,, Thoma lucays xijd

Vrificiati.

De D'no Joh'ne Andrew Re' de Aysp'ngton' q' val' p' ann'

ix11 xiijs iiijd

>js

,, Walt'o Gatecomb' ,, Didysh'm ,, viij1'

ijs

,, Walt'o Colampton ,, Stokeflemyng ,, x11

Vs

,, Joh'ne folkyng-h'm ,, Blakemeton ,, viH xiijs iiijd

ijs

,, Rob'to fFallewille ,, Dupeford ,, vjli

Us

,, Pet'o Ou'ton „ Dertyngton „ vij11

ijs

,, Will'mo Rayschlegh vicar de Tonnstall ,, vii mrc

Us

„ Galfrido Jolyf ,, hurberton „ cs

Us

,, Joh'ne Thursway ,, holne ,, xls

ijs

,, Joh'ne Sabyn ,, Tottenes ,, xvis viijd

ijs

,, Joh'ne Hykedon ,, Rattru ,, xs

Us

,, B'n'dicto Ryche ,, Brente ,, xxxs

ijs

,, Will'mo Torre ,, Denne ,, xs

ijs

„ Joh'ne Brygge ,, Buckfestlegh „ xxs

Us

Capellani.

De D'no J oh'ne marke capell'o ijs

De D'no Ric'o cleue

ijs

,, Thoma Schepham ,, ijs

„ Rog'o Hulle

ijs

,, Thoma Berkalegh ,, ijs

,, Robt'o atte Wille

ijs

,, Ric'o hirys ,, ijs

,, Joh'ne Myngant

ijs

,, Rob'to Irland ,, ijs

,, Ricardo Rondel

ijs

„ Rog'o Piers ,, ijs

,, Gilberto Baker

ijs

,, Joh'ne Cabyn ,, ijs

,, Joh'ne muget

ijs

,, Rob'to hals ,, ijs

„ Walt'o Smygt

Us

,, Henr' Bruweny ,, ijs

,, math'o freyday

ijs

„ luc' Elys „ ijs

Clerici.

D. Joh'ne fox cl'ico iiijd

D. Henr' Wille cl'ico

iiijd

„ Walt'o fferlegh' „ iiijd

,, Joh'ne Lucas ,,

iiijd

,, Will'mo clerc ,, iiijd

,, Will'mo mossevenne,,

iiijd

,, Thoma Jolyf ,, iiijd

,, Joh'ne Poltimo' ,,

iiijd

,, Joh'ne hogg „ iiijd

,, Rob'to Wyse „

iiijd

,, Thoma fferour ,, iiijd

,, Pet' hogeman ,,

iiijd

„ Will'mo S(o?)legh „ iiijd

,, Rog' Gosselegh „

iiijd

,, Joh'ne lercomb ,, iiijd

„ Walt'o atte hoke „

iiijd

„ Joh'ne Thoker „ iiijd

276

Devon Notes and Queries.

Poraf. [Value] [Tax
D. Dompno John Bover p'ore Totton q' val' p' ann'

xxxiij1' xvs iiijd xs

montales.

D. Annima Heynton p'orissa Corneworth q' val' p' ann'. xviu vs

,, Sorore Soromonda collaton iiijd

,, ,, Alicia Corbyn iiijd

,, ,, fyna Tewscomb iiijd

,, Juliana p'ston' iiijd

„ Agneta p'ston' iiijd

,, Sorore Juliana lucy iiijd

Alicia som'ton
Agneta forteschu

Sma cxixs

V11JC

DECAN' DE WODELEGH'.
Vn'ficiati.
De D'no Thoma Rec. de Dodebroke q' val' p' an.

Henrico

Aluyngton

vi11 Xnjs rrij

Wil'mo Wysdomme Rec. de Alyngton q' val p' an.

vi11 xiiis iiijd

Rog'o Bacheler Rec. de Churchestowe ,, vis viiijd
Ric'o Coor Rc de Wodelegh q. val p' an. cs

Ric'o Canterbury Rc de Churleton ,, vi11 xiijs iiijd
Will'mo fferers ,, Ridmoa ,, cvrs viijd

Joh'ne lakyng ,, Portlemouth ,, cvis viijd

Willmo Pondestoke ,, Bykebury ,, x11

Rob'to Vaggyscomb Rc de Auaton Gyffard

q' val p' an. xu xiijs iiijd

Joh'ne Horncastelle ,, Lodyswille ,, x1'

Henrico Blakeborne ,, Stokynh'm
Will'mo Vicar' eiusdem eccf e
Will'mo Dobrygg R. de Pole
Walt'o custode de Slapton
Joh'ne Wytelegh Rc- de Thorleston

xlu xiiij3

vr" xiijs

cvrs

vi11 xiijs

•vis Yiiis

,, Joh'ne Southdon' ,, Morlegh

Capellani.

D. D'no Rog'o Blakehalle

capell' ijs

,, Joh'ne Shettecote ,, ijs

,, Dauid Hugh ,, ijs

,, Joh'ne Venne ,, ijs

,, Joh'ne Comb' ,, ijs

„ Joh'ne Colyn ,, ijs

,, Thoma Wy dy scomb ,, ijs

,, Warino Churd ,, ijs

xls

D. D'no Simone Cogan

capell'

,, Ricardo Bowring ,,
,, Nich'o Bron ,,

,, Barth'o Chernewych ,,
,, Steph'o Drew ,,

,, Joh'ne Wode
,, Joh'ne Gonys „

,, Joh'ne Bondon ,,

Vs

Devon Notes and Queries.

277

Clerici.

D. Joh'ne Halgwill

cl'ico

,, Will'mo yabbecombe ,,
,, Joh'ne leche ,,

,, Joh'ne Cok ,,

,, Will'mo Tottewill ,,
,, Joh'ne Ridere ,,

„ Will'o Myrie „

[Tax]

[TaxJ

D. Joh'ne Cronte cl'ico iiijd

,, Will'mo Gore ,, iiijd

,, Joh'ne Borlegh ,, iiijd

,, Joh'ne Coteler ,, iiijd

„ Pet° holdegh: „ iiijd

,, Robt'o Wytyng ,, iiijd

,, Pet0 Boys ,, iiijd

Sma iiij11 xivs
DECAN' DE PLYM'TON'.

monastium. [Value] [Tax]

D. p'oratu plymton' electone' pendent q' val' p. ann' ccxl mrcs xxxs
,, octodecim cano'ic' in dc'o loco q°r q'libet cano'icus '

soluit p1 se xxd & sic in toto extendit se ad xxxs

,, dompno Joh'ne michel p'ore p'oratus de moddebury

q' val' p' ann' xl mrs xs

,, D'no Will'mo Robyn Rec. de hywysch ,, xx mrs vs

,, Joh'ne Cheyney ,, Uggeburwe ,, Ixxx mrs xiijs iiijd

Henr'Blakeborne Rc deNywatonferers ,,

xl mrs

Xs

Will'mo fallewill p' mete R. de Ermyngton ,,

xx mrs

Vs

Joh'ne marys R. de Cornewodde ,,

xx mrs

Vs

Joh'ne Odmal „ horford ,,

v mrs

ijs

Joh'ne Hannan vie. de Plymmouth ,,

c marc

XXs

Will'mo Yuri ,, Yalmpton ,,

xxx mrcs

Vs

Will'mo ,, motebury ,,

xx mrcs

Vs

Will'mo luccomb ,, holbaton ,,

xx marc'

Vs

Joh'ne langgebrocke ,, Ermyngton ,,

xx marc'

Vs

Capellani.

De D'no Joh'ne Piers capell' ijs

„ Will"10 Ramyslond ,, ijs

,, Ric'o Haredon ,, ijs

,, Thoma S(m ?)an ,, ijs

,,1 Will'mo Rowe ,, ijs

,, Joh'ne Soreney ,, ijs

,, Joh'ne Russel ,, ijs

,, Joh'ne Schyere ,, ijs

,, Rob'to medwill ,, ijs

,, Rob'to mondecomb' ,, ijs

,, Rob'to Comb ,, ijs

,, Thoma luccombe ,, ijs

,, Will'mo Samford ,, ijs

,, Rob'to ffarford ,, ijs

,, Alano Bryton „ ijs

Clerici.

D. Ric'o fforedon cl'i'o iiijd
,, Rad'l'o cl'i'odeNywatoniiijd

,, Joh'ne Pyp'el cl'io iiijd

,, Joh'ne kock ,,

,, Rob'to kerne ,,

,, Tyderico de motbury ,,

mj

De D'no Johne Gonloc (or

Gonlot?) capell' ijs

, , Thoma Gregory ,, ijs

,, Joh'ne Stephen ,, ijs

,, Joh'ne Gornays ,, ijs

,, Rog'o Damarle ,, ijs

,, Rob'to fforisfeld „ ijs

,, Ric'o herre ,, ijs

,, Thoma Bakere ,, ijs

,, Will'mo milward ,, ijs

,, Joh'ne Toopyng ,, ijs

,, Joh'ne fount ,, ijs

,, Joh'ne Caulpol ,, ijs

,, Rob'to Plymstoke ,, ij«

,, Thoma Code ,, ijs

D. Joh'ne Wedelond cl'i'o iiijd

,, Joh'ne Stede ,, iiijd

,, Adam Hayne ,, iiijd

,, Joh'ne Hyndewill ,, iiijd

,, Will'mo Hayne ,, iiijd

Sm* x11 xijs

278

Devon Notes and Queries.

DECAN' DE TAM'TON.

B'nficiati.

[Value] [Taxi

D. D'no Henr' vie' de Wythechurch' q' val' p' ann' iiij mrcs

ijs

,, Ric'o monke Arch'p'ro de Byreferers ,, x mrs ijs

,, Ric'o R° de Mewy

,, vij mrs

ijs

,, Willmo Burton R° de stokedamarle „ vi mrs ijs

,, Joh'ne R° de Bykelegh

,, iiij mrs

ijs

„ Willmo R° de Tauy sci Pet

,, viij mrs

ijs

,, Joh'ne fangge vie. de Walkampton ,, xls ijs

,, Wal'to vicar' de Bokaland mo'chor" ,, v marc' ijs

,, Simone Nywnam vie' de Tam'ton ,, iiij mrs ijs

„ Will'mo ,, Ecbokaland ,, xls ijs

monasfium.

De ffr'e Thoma Abbte mo'st'ii de Bokaland q' val' p' an', xx mrs.

Vs

,, ,, Joh'ne Gras iiijd

De ffr'e Will'mo Dauy

iiijd

,, ,, Joh'ne Bryton iiiid

,, ,, Will'mo Semere

iiijd

„ ,, Walt'o Cryst-

,, ,, Ph'o Underdon

iiijd

church iiijd

,, ,, Ric'o Bokaland

iiijd

,, ,, Ric'o Orcherd iiijd

Capellani.

De D'no Rad'l'o Pratys

De D'no Joh'ne Redeclyue

capell'. ijs

capell'.

ijs

„ Ric'o Bryte „ ijs

,, Ric'o Bokelly ,,

ijs

,, Ric'o Nywaton ,, ijs

,, Ric'o Batterve ,,

ijs

,, Thorn' Lowenecote ,, ijs

Cl'icus.

D. Will'mo Abel cl'ico

iiijd

DECAN' TAUYSTOK'.

Monast'iu'.

De Steph'o Abb'te de Tauystoke

q' val" p' an-

xljh xixs xid xnjs

mjd

De f're Ric'o Bradeston' xiid^

De f re Ric'o Bonda

xiid

,, „ Thorn' Goof xiid

„ „ Walt'o Wyech

xiid

,, ,, Joh'ne Edward xiid

,, ,, Will'mo Morton

xiid

,, ,, Joh'ne maneton' xiid

,, ,, Ric'o Brounnys-

,, ,, Thoma Cullyng xiid

comb

xiid

,, ,, Joh'ne Sander

xiid

B'rfficiati.

D. D'no Waltero Hameney R° de

Brydistowe q' val' p' an' xiju

Vs

,, Rob'to Rondys ,, Lyston ,, xh

Vs

,, Rob'to Taphot „

ydeford ,, x mrs.

y»

,, Rob'to Cargyntel ,,

kelle ,, vj mrs.

ijs

,, Will'mo Burnard ,,

Bradiston 5, vj mrs.

y*

,, Adam Arpere ,,

Donntton ,, iiij mrs.

y*

,, Joh'ne haddecote ,,

Stowford ,, iiij mrs.

us

,, Ric'o Bowode ,,

Sydenh'm ,, iiij mrs.

ys

,, Galfrido Pach'ulle ,,

lut'nschard ,, lxijs

ijs

,, Rob'to „

Vryngestowe ,, xls

ys

Devon Notes and Queries.

279

[Value] [Tax}

D. D'no Rad'lo R° de Coriton q' val' p. an' xxvis viijd ijs

,, Baldewyno langedon' vie' de Tauystoke ,, vj mrs. ijs

,, Will'mo ,, lam'ton ,, vj mrs. ijs

,, Joh'ne Durant ,, milton ,, vj mrs. ijs

,, Joh'ne Reve ,, Broddewode ,, vj mrs. ijs

Capellani.

De D'no Joh'ne Mylleton

capell' ijs

„ Will'mo lychefeld „ ijs
,, Joh'ne Tommas ,, ijs
„ Rog'o Cole „ ijs

Clerici.

D. Walt'o Pypelton cl'i'o
,, David Arnel ,,

Sm. Ixxiiij5

DECAN' DE HALLYS WORTH'.
Vrificiati '.
D. D'no Will'moOdecumb' Rc de Hallysworth q' val' p'an' xxmrs.

De D'no Ricardo Bowmyl
capell'

,, Joh'ne Veys ,,

,, Joh'ne Trepe ,,

iiij*

„ Joh'ne flemyng ,, Pyworth
,, Nich'o ,, Tettecotte

,, Rog'o (Rome?) Rec' de Suttecombe
,, Ricardo howe ,, putteford

,, Walt'o Wollecomb' ',, milton Damarle
,, Rog'o lange ,, Bradeforde

,, Ricardo R° de Thornebury
,, Thoma ,, Blakatoriton

„ Thoma ,, Hallewill

,, Thoma Gary ,, Essewater
,, Joh'ne ,, loghyncote

„ Rob'to ,, hollecomb'

,, Will'mo Norton R° de Bradeworth
,, Nich'o vicar de Bryggernwel
Capellani.

De D'no Ric'o lylle capell' ijs
,, Rob'to Thornbury ,, ijs
,, Thoma deEssewat1 ,, ijs
„ Rogo [?]n'ay „ ijs

Clerici.
D. Will'mo de halle

cl'ico iiijd

,, Rob'to Cok' iiijd

,, Thoma cl'ico de Sutte-

comb iiijd

DECAN' DE OKAMPTON'.
V n'jicia ti.
D. D'no Will'o Baunton' R° de Sanford Cortenay

q' val p' an'
Ric'o Bolh'm ,, Bratton ,,

Vs

xij mrs.

iii

vij11
iiju
xij11

XXs

De D'no Joh'ne Naylmaker

capell' if

,, Joh'ne de Blakatoriton ,, ijs
,, Thoma kokebury ,, ijs

D. Thoma cl'ico de Milton iiijd
,, Joh'ne ,,

Walt'o

Bradeworth

Vs

Henr' Baudyn

Beworth

x mrs
iiij mrs

280

Devon Notes and Queries.

D. D'no Will'mo ffechet R° de Northlew q' val p' an'

,, Nich'o Bykel?ke

,, Will'mo ffoger

,, Gregorio

,, Ric'o hurste

,, Ric'o melton

,, Hugone Pesto*

,, Nich'o

,, Joh'ne fferant

„ Walt'o Byde

,, Ric'o Yestebroke v

,, Ric'o Snellard
Capellani.

D. D'no Henr' lege capell'
„ Rob'to page ,,

,, Ric'o Puerworth ,,
Clerici.

[Value]
vu

[Tax]

heghamton ,,

iiij mrs

Inwardlegh ,,

yj mrs

Stowa sci' Jacobi ,,

xls

Elysborne* ,,

iiij mrs

monakampton ,,

lxs

Brodwodkelle ,,

v mrs

Honychurch ,,

xld

Belston ,,

xls

Ayschbury ,,

xld

e Okampton ,,

vi mrs

Aderleghf

vi mrs

Us

D. D'no Joh'ne Bouy
,, Henr' Quente
„ Rob'to Giffard

D. Steph'o Goman
„ Joh'ne Helle
,, Joh'ne Vays

cl'io iiijd

> > "y
Sm tot1

D.

de

Rog'o cl'ico
Nortlew

Sma xlvjs

ETHEL LEGA-WEEKES.

152. MERLE OR DE MERLE, W.H. (IV., pp. 242-7. —
Mr. Frederic Boase, who has made a speciality of modern
English biography, tells me that my conjecture of Merle's
parentage is correct. He was the eldest son of William
Merle of Collier's Wood, who died in 1822.

The statement as to Merle's first wife needs revision. She
was the daughter and only child of John Norman by his first wife.
He married again and had more children. W. P. COURTNEY.

153. BRITISH STONE CIRCLES (IV., p. 233, par. 126) ERRATA.
— Page 233, second line from bottom, for " stone " read star.

Page 234, sixteenth line, for " 2f 2 x 3," read 2f 2 x 3.
Page 234, twentieth line, for "32 x 42 = 5%" read

32 + 42 = 52 -

Page 234, twenty-seventh line, for " i52 x 21%" read
I52 + 2i2; for " I52 x 20%" read i52 + 2o2 .

Page 234, thirtieth line, for " suppositions of," read
suppositions or.

Page 234, thirty-third line ; page 235, sixth line ; and
page 236, sixth line, for " II," read TT.

Page 236, ninth line, for " in title by 10 lines," read

in title x iO lines.

R. HANSFORD WORTH.

*Sic: For "1" read "k." t*>., Hatherleigh.

INDEX.

ABBOTSHAM CHURCH, Inscription
in, 23

A Borovv, John, 151

Acoustic Jars in Churches, 236

Adams, Mr , 55 ; John, 150, 151 ;
Nicholas. 68 ; Richard, 68

Adams, Maxwell, on Aveton
Giffard, i, 44, in

Addington, Henry, Visct, Sid-
mouth, 79

Adlam, Richard. 25

Addresses from Devon to James II.,
252

Aishforde — see Ashford

Alphington Ancient Font, Sym-
bolism of. 135

Alyngton — see East Allington

Ameredith, Edward, 211

Amery, Peter Fabyan Sparke, 249;
on Parish Apprentice Indenture,
152 ; Oak Carving at Ashburton,
219

Ancient Lamp, 97

Andrew, John, 206

Andrews, George, 145; Lawrence,
145 ; Philip, 145

Anstis Family ,95 ; and Colyton,i9i

Anstis, Ann, 15 ; Bernard, 15 ;
Elizabeth, 14, 15 ; George, 13,
14, 15, 191 ; Harry, 14, 15, 95 ;
John, 14, 15, 191 ; Katharine, 15;
Matthew, 15

Anthony, — , 58

Apologie, the, of Captain John
Were, 153

Armour in Aveton Giffard
Church, 2

Arms : — Anonymous, 5, 7, 192 ;
Anstis, 14 ; Ayshford, 180 ;
Bassett, 100, 102 ; Bonville, 193,
270 ; Chamberlain, 99 ; Chant-
rell, 264 ; Chapman, 198 ;
Chesildon, 99 ; Cirencester, 260 ;
Cottell, 242 ; Courtenay, 268,
269 ; Damarell, 270 ; Ferrers,
69 ; Godfrey de Totnes, 247 ;
Hales, etc., 88 ; Hendower, 99 ;
Holway. Hcleways, 193; Harris,
0; Haydon (?},45; Honychurch,
5, 45 ; Hutton, 46 ; Kelloway,
99, 100, ici. 102, 104, 189;

Knapman, 46 ; Long, 142 ;
Lorty, 99 ; Nevile, 99 ; North-
leigh, 45 ; Northmore, 46 ;
Oldham, 227 ; Penhellick. 69 ;
Pever, 99 ; Plantagenet, 99 ;
Plumlegh, 71 ; Pole. 14 ; Pop-
ham, 99 ; Raleigh, 261 ; Rash-
leigh, 215 ; Reade, 99 ; Roach,
69 ; Roope, 70 ; Rous, 72 ; St.
Martin, 99 ; Sampson, 142 ;
Savery, 7, 46 ; Stanter, 101 ;
Staplehill, 69 ; Tregarthick, 105 ;
Tregarthin, 99, 104 ; Trethurffe,
99, 103, 104 ; Trevilian, 82 ;
Wadham, 99 ; Walrond, 99, 198 ;
Yarde,267; Yonge, 144; Zouch,

99

Arnoll, John, 207
Arundell, Thomas, 127
Ashburton, Oak Carving at, 219
Ashford, Aishforde, Ayshford,
Baldwin, 180; Nicholas, 180, 182
Ashton Church, Votive Figures

in, 59

Atte Beare, Walwin, 205
At Will, Atwill, Nicholas, 58;

William, 58

Att Yard, or Yarde Family, 265
At Yoe, Thomas, 73 — »ec also Yeo
Aveton Giffard, 44, 73, in, 176 ;

Church of, I ; Heraldry at, 45
Avery, Samuel, 50
Ayshford — see Ashford

B., on Folk Lore, 124

B,, C. K., on William Bradridge,

192
Badcock, Henry, 214; Thomas,

215

Bailey. C. F., on Ancient Lamp, 97
Baker, Archdeacon, 96; John, 140

204 ; Thomas, 60 ; William, 146
Baker, C. E., on Baker and Smer-

don Families, 64
Ball, Ellen, 91

Ballard's Domesday Boroughs, 61
Baher, Apphia, no
Bair>pfici J, Bampfylde, Margaret.

266 ; Ursula, 32 ; William- 266
Bamptoii Churcii. Votive F;^

in, 59

282

Index.

Barbe, Jean de la, 257
Barbour, Richard, 204
Barnardiston, Thomas, 50
Barnefield, Abraham, 26
Barnes, Henry, 145
Barnet. Henry, 101 ; Joan, 101
Barnstaple, Bull-baiting at, 16 ;

Inscription in Church, 23 ; An-
cient Lamp found near, 97
Barnstaple Ware, 97
Barton, Henry, 13
Bartlet, Bartlett, Allen, 146;

Percy, 109
Bassett. William, 63
Bastard, B. J. P., 8 ; John, 211
Bax, Rev. A. N., 15
Beare, John, 211 ; Thomas, 118
Beer Ferrers Church, Votive

Figures in, 59
Beke, Thomas, 178
Bell Founders, Exeter Cathedral,

106
Belleyetere, Bellytorr, Belyetere,

John, 107 ; Robert le, 106 ;

Roger le, 106 ; Walter le, 106 ;

William le, 107
Belliter's Gate, Exeter, 107
Bennett, Henry, 15 ; Mary, 15 ;

Nicholas, 145
Berry, James, 109 ; John, 8, 10 ;

Thomas, 109
Besley, William, 109
Bewes, Thomas, 15
Biggs, Abraham, 145
Bird, Birde, Burde, George, 146 ;

Henry, 59 ; John, 143 ; Raphe,

146 ; Tom, 146
Birdewoode, John, 183
Bladder, Elizabeth, 266 ; Henry,

266

Blackley, — , 109
Blake, George, 88 ; Thomas, 88
Blakeford, Sir John de, 5
Blundell, Peter, 153
Blunden, William, 148
Bolitho, William, 123
Bondleigh, Tympanum at, 197,

228

Bonnett, Nicholas, 145
Bonville, Sir William, 270
Bouring, Bowring, Pyke, 125
Bovey Tracey, Tomb at, 49
Bowring, Haley, Halley, &c., 140
Bowring, Agnes, 125, 140 ; Alice,

125, 140, 150, 151 ; Rauff, 150 ;

Robert, 150 ; Thomas, 125 ;

Thomasyn, 150, 151
Bowring, Lewin, on Rauff Bow-
ring, 150

Boyse, John, junr., 23
Bradridge, William, 192
Braginton, Humfry, 29
Branscombe and the Heraldry of

Kelleway and other Monuments,

99, 189

Brantyngham, Bp. T. de, 98
Bray, Braye, John, 201, 202, 203,

211 ; Robert. 145 ; Thomas, 203.

2io — tee also Rashleigh
Braybroke, Sir Reginald, 66
Bret! and, Joseph, 109
Bridge and Caw, 94
British Stone Circles, 233, 280
Brogton. Thomas, 201
Broke, James, 151
Brookes, R., 104
Browne, Tobias, 146
Bruford |Down, Stone Row on,

Brushfield, T. N., M.D., Bull-
baiting at Barnstaple, 16 ; Was
Sir Walter Ralegh a Lawyer?
46; Henry Addington, Visct.
Sidmouth, 79 ; Rev. John Pike
Jones, 91 ; Westcote's View of
Devonshire, 95 ; Crediton Fires,
113 ; Sir Walter Ralegh and
" the Art of War by Sea," 237

Bubec, J., 257

Buckland, William, 28

Bucknam, William, 107

Buckworth, Sir John, 195

Bull-baiting at Barnstaple, 16

Burde — see Bird

Burghershe — see Burwash

Burgeys, Simon, 205

Burleston, William, 10

Burnard, William. 205

Burrowes, William, 146

Burthogge, Richard, 253

Burwash, Burghershe, Bartho-
lomew, Sir Barthewe de. 250,

251

Bussell, John, 267
Butler, Major, 153 ; Richard, 196 ;

Sir William, 186

C., J. G., Great Fire at Crediton

1743- 83

Cake, Samuel, 109
Calewai — see Kelloway
Call, Richard, 14
Cardinan. Andrew de, 4, 74 ;

Emma de, 73, 176 ; Isolda de.

4 ; Robert de, 4, 73, 176, 178
Carew, Carrew, Carye, John, Sir

John, 17, 67, 194 ; Thomas, 140,

211, 270

Index.

283

Carnsewe, Sir Richard, 146

Carrew — see Carew

Carswell, Carswille, Jane, 45;
Robert, 9

Carter, — , 109

Carye — see Carew

Cawthorne, Catharine, 195 ; Eliza-
beth, 195 ; Humfray, 195

Chagford Man's Wife Sold, 54

Chamborne, John, 178

Charapernowne, Francis, 32

Chanter, J. F., on Devonshire
Goldsmiths, 88 ; Eliot and Kille-
grew Families, 126 ; Thomas
Westcote in North Devon,
187

Chantrell, of Bampton. 264

Chantrell, Hon. Henry William,
264

Chaplain, David John, 20iw

Chapman, Dorothy, 199 ; Edward,
199; John, 199; Mary, 199;
Thomas, 140, 141

Chapman, Joseph, Monumental
Inscription in Colvton Church.
198

Chapman, Samuel C., on Thomas
Carewe, of Studley, 140

Chatterne, John, 247

Chechester — sec Chichester

Chichester, Wife Sold at, 55

Chichester, Chechester, Anna, 91;
Elizabeth, 89 ; John, 89, 90, 91,
212 ; Richard, 89, 90, 91, 260,
261 — see also Cirencester

Chichester, of Widvvorthy and of
Virginia, 89

Chick, Elijah, on Tudor Persecu-
tion in Exeter, 247

Chinn, Ann, 90 ; John, 90

Chinnery, George, 63

Chittlehampton Church, Inscrip-
tion in, 24

Chudleigh, James, 218

Church House, Thurlestone, 180

Churchwardens' Account, A, 60

Cirencester, Sir Thomas de, 260—
see also Chichester

Clare, Rohaise de, 230

Clarke, Kate M., on Symbolism of
Fonts at Stoke Canon, &c., 129 ;
on Tympanum at Bondleigh,
228

Cleverdon, Grace, 28 ; Henry, 29 ;
John, 28

Cliffton, William, 146

Clockmakers, 82

Clotworthy, Dorothy, 215;
Thomas, 201

Cobham. Sir John, 270
Cobley, John, 114 ; Mary, 114
Codyng, Thomas, 203
Coffin-shaped Gravestone at Colv-
ton, 141

Cogan, Philibert, 123
Coker, James, 61
Colcote, Johanna, 204
Colebeare, William, 205
Collings' Land Reform, 179
Collins, Phillis, 6
Colrigge. John, 177
Colyn, John, 2O3«.
Colyton, Rector of, 13; Inscription

in Church, 25 ; Coffin-shaped

Gravestone in, 141 ; Register

Entries, 216
Comer, Philip, 206. 207 ; Robert,

207

Cooke, W.. 102, 103
Cooze, Cowse, Gilbert, 78
Copleston, Copplestone, Gertrude,

6 ; John, 207, 242 ; Margaret,

242 ; Richard, 211
Coppard, W. I., 113
Coppin, Alice, 69
Cornish, Cornishe, Cornysshe,

Andrew, 185 ; Hugh, 145 ;

Robert, 182, 185 ; Thomas, 185 ;

William, 185
Corp, Elyenore, 65, 66, 67 ; John,

65, 66, 67

Coryndon, Ann, 52 ; John, 52
Costarde, Thomas, 150
Costen, Henry, 146
Cottell, W. H., on Cottell Family,

242

Cottell, John, 242 ; Thomas, 242
Cotterell, John, 178; Thomas,

178
Court, Edward. 89 ; Eleanor, 89 ;

Elizabeth, 89 ; John, 89
Court Barton, Aveton Giffard, 8,

44

Courtenay, Henry H., on Clock-
makers, 82 ; on the Label in

Courtenay Arms, 268
Courtenay Motto, the, 64, 95
Courtenay, Courtney, Edward,

268 ; Henry, 268 ; Hugh, 230 ;

Richard, 149 ; Robert, 230. 232 ;

William de, Sir William, 38, 40,

42, 64, 98, 151
Courteys, John, 177
Courtney, W. P., on an Exeter

Poem and its Author, 242 ; on

W. H. Merle, 280
Cowse, Cowze — see Cooze
Crediton, Fires at, 83, 113, 144

284

Index.

Cresswell, Beatrix F., on Frag-
ment of Monumental Brass
found at Luppit, 193

Crispin, Richard, 53

Croker, Crokker, Adam, 205 ;
William, 201

Cross on Rippon Tor, 10

Crowland, William, 58

Cudlip, Elizabeth, 14

Cudmore, Zachary, 215

Curlew and Day Bells, 127, 178

DAMARELL, Daumarle, Alice, 5 ;
Clarissa, 8 ; Elizabeth, 270 ;
Isabella, 10 ; Joan, 8 ; John, Sir
John, 8, 9, 10 ; Katharine, 270 ;
Margaret, 270 ; Sir William,
270

Daniel, Captain, 257 ; Augusta
Louisa, 7

Dart, Margaret, 89

Dartford, Godfrey of. 248

Dartmouth Churches, Monu-
mental Brasses in, 65

Daumarle — see Damarell

Davidson, James, 2

Davy," Katharine, 151 ; Thomas,

151

Dawele, Lewis, 209
Dawkyns, William, 21 1
Day and Curfew Bells, 127, 178
De la Motte, Alexander, 259
De la Rue Family, 258
De Lyntone Chantry in Aveton

Giffard Church, 4
feeble, Mr. Justice, 96
xJeghe, Nicholas, 203
Deth, John, 205 ; Peter, 205
Dever, John, 201
Devon and Lambeth Palace

Library, 192
Devonshire Bridge Builder, &c.,

242
Devonshire Churches, Inscriptions

in, 23

Devonshire Goldsmiths, 88, 149
Devonshire Matrimonial Market,

54

Devonshire Place-names, 264
Devonshire Tokens, 78
Dewyne, Jane, 200
Deyman, Agnes, 206 ; John, 206
Dodderidge, William, 96
Dolbeare, Elizabeth, 227 ; John,

224, 227 ; Richard, 226
Doling, Nicholas, 186
Domesday Boroughs, The, 61
Donnelond, John, ao.'i
Dottinge. Nicholas, 185

Dour, Richard, 201

Dowce, Johan, 150

Downe, Henry, 146

Drake, John, 200 ; Matthew, 200

Drake, T. Morris, on Votive

Figures in Stained Glass, 59
Dergens, Thomas, 186
Dumanoir, Admiral, 258
Dumesnil, F. G.. 257
Durnford, John, 8
Dynham. Joceus de. 74 ; Sir John

de, 177

EAST ALLINGTON, 4, 44, 73. HI,

176
East Anglian F. S. A., on Capt.

George Norman, 63
Edgcombe, Eggecombe, John, 60,

145 ; Peter, 202
Edgsbur, Jane, 68 ; John, 68
Editors on Courtenay Motto, 64 ;

on Literary Landmarks of

Torquay, 64 ; on Episcopal

Registers, 98
Edwarde, Walter, 216
Eggecombe — sec Edgcombe
Elie, Jean, 257

Eliot and Killegrew Families, 126
Eliot of Port Eliot, 152
Eliot, Sir John, 126 ; Richard, 126
Ellacott. John. 71
Elliot. Edmund A. S., on Aveton

Giffard, ill

Ellis, Ann, 52 ; John, 52
Elsdon, Nicholas, 57
Emerson, Thomas, 45
Episcopal Registers, 98, 2l6
Erme Stone Row, 11, 12
Esbrick, Richard, 211
Eston, John, 203
Evannys, John, 201
Evans, David Lewis, in
Evans, George Eyre, on Halletts

and Mint Meeting, 13; on Anstis

and Colyton, 15 ; on Exeter

Academy, 107
Eveleigh. — , 109
Exeter, Tudor Persecution in, 247
Exeter Academy, The. 107
Exeter Cathedral Bel! Founders,

106

Exeter Clerical Subsidies, 271
Exeter MS., an Old, 217
Exeter Poem and its Author, 242
Exeter Silversmiths, 55
Eyre, Stephen, 70

Falcon, T. A., on Stene Rows, 12
Farley, Samuel, 114

Index.

Farwell, Christopher, 254

Fennimore, James, 109

Ferrers, Alice, 232 ; Sir Fulk, 232 ;

Joan, 68, 265 ; William, Sir

William, 59, 68, 266
Finch, Frances, 38
Fisher, Arthur, on the Apologie of

Col. John Were, 153
Fitz Gilbert, Richard, 230
Flete House, 113
Foliford, Foleford, Foliforde, Sir

Clemen, &c., 9 ; Henry, 5, 10
Folklore, 124
Follett, Abraham, 109 ; John, 68 ;

Silphine, 68
Font in Aveton Giffard Church,

3

Forbes, James, 49 ; Maria, 49
Ford, Clement de la, 126;

Dorothy, 69; John, 225, 226;

Nicholas, 71
Ford House, 33
Fortescue, Henry. 211
Fort i bus, Isabella de, 230;

William de, 230
Foster, Dr. James, 108
Fowns, John, 266
Fox, Ann, 90
Fragment of Monumental Brass

found at Luppit, 193, 269
Frampton, Dorothy, 101
Freer, Henry, 207
Frenston, Robert, 206
Frost, Fred C., on a Devonshire

Bridge Builder, 242
Froude, Mary, 6 ; Phillis, 9 ;

Robert, 6, 9 ; Robert Hurrell, 8
Fulford Family, 31
Fulford, Jame's, Sir James, 150,

I5i

Futterell, Richard, 60

G., F., on Godfrey de Totnes,

G., H. F., on Aveton Giffard, 75
G.,S., on Acoustic Jars in Churches,

236

Gale, Amy. 68 ; Thomas, 68, 241
Gardyner, Maria, 49 ; Thomas, 49
Garode, Robert, 145
Gascoigne, George, 47
Gaverock. John, 39
Gay, Joan, 206, 209 ; Letitia, 206 ;

Margaret, 206 ; Richard, 206,

207, 209

Gayer. Humphrey, 145
Genealogical Puzzle : Halley, Pike

and Stewart, 86
Gibbs. George, 109

Gibbs, Roscoe. on Ford House, 33

Giffard, 113

Giffard, Gyffard. Jeffard, Col., 30 ;

Geffrey, 73 ; James, 113 ; John,

177; Jone, 73 ; Roger, 75;

Walter, 230 ; William, 8, 75
Gilbert, Gilbarde, Adrian, 32 ;

Nicholas, 186 ; Otho, 53 ;

Richard, 199 : Thomazine, 199
Giles, Christian, 266 ; John, 266
Gillayn, William, 177
Godfrey de Totnes, 247
Goldsmiths, Two Devonshire, 149
Goldsmyth, John, 204
Goodfellow, John, 1,78
Gordye. Digory, 146
Gorges, Sir Ferdinand, 32 ;

Mary, 32
Granite Cylinder in Trowles-

worthy, 10
Graves, George, 109 ; John, 109 ;

Thomas, 109

Great Fire at Crediton, 144
Great Torrington Market, Women

Sold in, 54
Green, James, 15, 109 ; John, 109 ;

Richard, 109
Grilleston, William, 205
Grose, S., on Episcopal Registers,

216

Grove, Henry, 198
Gundry, Gundri, Gundery, Edith,

263 ; Elizabeth, 263 ; Hugh,

263 ; Mary, 263
Gwatkin, Thomas. 109
Gye, John, 61
Gyffard— sec Giffard

H., C. H. Sp., on Krascomb, 82

Haccombe, Mohun Chronicle at,
7, 249

Hale, — , 109 ; Richard, 211

Haley, Lady. 140 — see also Halley

Halland. William, 211

Hallett, Joseph, 13, 108

Halletts and the Mint Meeting, 13

Hallesnoor, Peter, 146

Halley, Haley, Hawley, Ann, 195 ;
Edmund, 87, 88. 123, 194, 195,
196, 232 ; Francis, 195 ; Hum-
phrey, 88, 194, 195, 196, 232 ;
Joan, 125, 195 ; Katharine, 195,
196 ; Margaret, 195, 196 ; Sy-
bella, 196, 197 ; Thomas, 194 ;
William, 125, 140, 195 — see also
Hawley

Halley Arms and Pedigree, 194

Halley, Hawley, Pike, 87, 123,
232

286

Index.

Hals, Halse, Joan, 266 ; Richard,
150, 151, 266

Halwell Church Seat, 241

Hambley, Peter, 96

Hamett, Thomas, 29

Handy, William, 120

Hawkeford, Richard, 5, 10

Harris, John, 6, 185 ; Nicholas,
145 ; Richard, 200 ; Thomasin,
212

Harry, Richard, 206

Haselrigg, Sir Arthur, 154

Hassarde — see Hazzard

Hautkin, John, 199 ; Lore, 199

Havell, Ambrose, 58

Hawberk, Sir Nicholas, 66

Hawkings, Mark, 145

Hawley, Sir Francis, 125, 140 ;
Unton, 125, 140 — see also
Halley

Hawley, Lord, 140

Haydon, Agues, 206 ; Richard,
206

Hazzard, Hassarde, Frances, 144 ;
John, 144 ; Peter, 144 ; Robert,
144

Heath, George, 109

Hele, Elize, 145

Helion, Sir Alan. 232 ; Alice, 232 ;
Hervey de, 232 ; Margaret, 232

Heller, Thomas, 152

Hengescote, John, 202

Henley, Sir John, 69

Heraldry at Ottery, 192

Hereward, Thomas, 9

Hertescote, William, 204

Hewgoe, Mr., 28

Hext, Thomas, 206

Heyvvood, Morys, 150

Hicks, Ann, 14/95 ; John, 14, 95

Hicks, John George, on Anstis
Family. 95

Hill, Hyll, Abraham, 51 ; Agnes,
51 ; Alexander, 142 ; Andrew,
148 ; Elizabeth, 142 ; Hillary,
148 ; Honor, 29 ; John, 29, 52,
148, 207 : Mary, 143 ; Philip,
60; Richard, 49, 50, 51, 145,
148 ; Robert, 142, 143 ; Roger,
142, 143 ; Samuel, 51 ; Thomas,
49, 50, 51* 52, 145 5 William, 50,
142, 143, 148

Hill, R. H. Ernest, on Richard
Hill of Moreton, 49, 145 ; on
Hill and Norsworthy, 51

Hill and Norsworthy, 51

Hingeston-Randolph, F. C., on
Aveton Giffard, 73 ; Church
House, Thurlestone, 180

Hingeston - Randolph's Episcopal
Registers — Brantyngham, 98

Hirtzel, Clement, iii

Hobson, William, 50

Hogg, Apphia, no ; Frances, no ;
George Barker, no ; John, 108,
109 ; Joseph, no ; Mary, no

Hole, Gilbert de, 203/1

Holgrave Welthian, 68

Holman, Ann. 119, 120 ; Francis,
119, 120 ; Thomas, 204

Holman, Francis, Marine Painter,
II 8 ; Pedigree of, 122

Holman, H. Wilson, on Mungey
Family, 57 ; on Frances Hol-
man, 118

Hone, Walter de la. 251

Honetone, Sir Peres de, 9

Honychurch, Mr., 61 ; Anthony,
23 ; Arthur Germyn, 6 ; Eliza-
beth, 6 ; Henry, 6, 44 ; John. 5,
6 ; Mary, 6

Hooke, William, 200

Hooker, William, 109

Herman, Amy, 266 ; William, 266

Hors well. James, 150; Sir Stephen,
150

Howe, Thomas, 15

Hurrell, John, 6 ; Phillis. 6, 9 ;
Richard, 6, 9 ; Thomas, 6

Hurrell, J. S., Proclamation on
Liberty of Conscience, 255

Hurst, Joan, 266 ; William, 266

Hutchinson, J., 48

Hyll— see Hill

ILBERT, Rev. Peregrine A., 181
Incledon, R. N., 216
Inscriptions in Devon Churches,

23

Irvin, William, 109
Isaac, Elizabeth, 88
Ivie, Daniel, 123

Jacobbe, Richard, 207
Jeffard — see Giffard
Jeffery, Nathaniel, 109
Jelle, Richard, 10
Jellicoe, — , 109

Jennings, Abraham, 145 ; Am-
brose, 145

erman, William, 16

ervis, Thomas, 108, 109

ode. Sir William, 9

ones, David, 88 ; Rev. John Pike

Jope, John, 16

Juhelyete, Sir John, 10
uvenell, John, 202

Index.

287

Kaillewai — see Kellovvay

Katenkamp, George, 109

Keigwin, John, 146

Kellovvay, Calevvai, Kaillewai,
Kelvvay, Dorothy, 103 ; Elyas,
100 ; John, 99, 100, 102, 189, 190 ;
Martin, 101 ; Mary, 102, 103 ;
Robert, 101 ; Thomas, 101 ; Wal-
ter, 100 ; William. 101, 102, 103

Kempe, William, 68

Kent, William, 68

Kentisbury Church, Inscription in,

25

Kershaw, S. W., on Devon and
Lambeth Palace Library, 192

Kerver, Peter, 226

Kettell, John, 15

Kiilegrewand Eliot Families, 126

Killivorne, Jenkin, 68 ; Thoma-
zine, 68

Kingdon, Catherine, in ; George
C., in ; Joseph, in

King's Teignton Church, Inscrip-
tion in, 25

Knights' Effigies in Exeter Cathe-
dral, 260

Knowstone and Molland, 77

Kruscomb, 82

Kylkenny, William de, 9

LABEL ON THE COURTENAY

ARMS, 268

Lacche, John, 5, 10

Lackington, Elizabeth, 6 ; W., 241

Lamp, Ancient, 97

Lancefield, Arthur P., on Know-
stone and Molland. 77

Lane, John, on John Van Eyck,i88

Lang, William, 109

Langeman, Roger, 177

Langtree Church, Inscription in,26

Lawman, John, 211

Leache, John, 27

Ledeheade, John, 204

Lee, Legh, Leigh, Ley, Dorothy,
215; Thomas, 109, 114; Wil-
liam, 201

Lega-Weekes, Ethel, on Mohun
Chronicle at Haccombe, 17 ; on
Henry de Tilly, 80 ; on Exeter
Cathedral Bell Founders, 106 ;
on Giffard, 113; on I7th Cen-
tury Tinner's Inventory, 123 ;
on Tin Miners Foreigners, 126 ;
on Tympanum at Bondleigh,
197 ; on An Old Exeter MS.,
217 ; on Peter's Farthings, 248 ;
on Exeter Clerical Subsidies,
271

Legh, Leigh — see Lee

Lethaby, W. R., on St. Sidwell

and Exeter, 190
Leuedeston, Thomas, 5
Levison, Elizabeth, 266 ; William,

266

Ley— see Lee
Lidstone, Liddestone, Edward,

68 ; Susan, 68 ; Thomas, 186
Literary Landmarks of Torquay, 64
Loges, Simon de, 74, 176
Lollards, Proclamation against,

217

Long Stone Row on Erme, II, 12
Long, Elizabeth, 141, 143 ; Joseph,

141, 142, 143
Lucas, Roberr, 204 ; Sarah, 120 ;

William, 120
Ludre, Odo de, 177
Luger, John, 60
Luny, Thomas, 119
Luppit, Fragment of Monumental

Brass found at, 193, 269
Luscombe, Henry, 180
Luttley, John, 180
Lyte, Henry, 103
Lynetone. Henry de, 4, 5

MACEY, Samuel, 145

McPike, Eugene F., on a
Genealogical Puzzle, 86; on
Halley, Hawley, Pike, 87, 123,
232 ; on Bowring, etc., 125, 140 ;
on Halley Arms and Pedigree,
194

McPike, James, 86

Maddock and Mohun Families,

63

Malet, Joan, 32
Mallock, Samuel, 14
Mandeville, Geoffrey de, 231 ;

William de, 231
Manning, James. 109
Marks on Tin, 118
Marshall, Alexander, 214 ; Hugh,

215 ; John, 59, 151 ; Robert, 202
Marshall, James C., on Rashleigh

of Devon, 201
Martin, Martyn, — , 68, 241 ;

Dorothy, 68 ; Margaret, 71 ;

Nicholas, 71 ; Robert, 101
Martyn, the Carver, 228
Mar wood, Robert, 185
Mase, Robert, 145
Matrimonial Market, the, 54
Maynarde, John, 151
Mayne, John, 224, 225, 226, 227 ;

Patris, 150
Mayowe, John, 146

288

Index.

Meade, Thomas, 145

Memorial Brasses at Stoke Flem-
ing and Dartmouth, 65

Meriet, John de, 251

Merifield, Alexander, 206 ; Johan,
206 ; John, 206

Merivale, Anna W., on the
Exeter Academy, 107

Merivale, John, 109 ; Samuel, 108

Merle, Clarissa Eliza, 244 ;
William, 244, 280 ; William
Henry, 242

Merle, or De Merle, 280

Merymouth, Myry mouth, Johanna,
205 ; John. 204

Mewce. Katharine, 195, 232 ;
Thomas, 196

Michell, Mitchell, Ralph, 96;
Roger, 58

Mildmay, H. B., 113

Milward, Margery, 204

Mint Meeting, the, 13

Modbury, Churchwardens' Ac-
count, a, 60

Moeles — sec Mules

Mohun, Moion de, Lady Joan. 250,
251 ; John 17;*, 21, 251 ; Mar-
garet, 17 ; Reginald, ijn, 250,
251, 252 ; Warwick, 63 ; Wil-
liam, I7«, 22, 249, 250, 251, 252

Mohun Chronicle, The, at Hac-
combe, 17, 249

Mohun and Maddock Families,
63

Molland and Knowstone, 77

Mongey— see Mungey

Monumental Inscriptions, 23, 65 et
seq ; in Aveton Gifford Church,
5 ct seq ; in Shute Church, 14 ;
at George's Meeting, no

Moore, Tristram, 118

Morcestre, Richard de, 9

More, Elizabeth, 58

Moreman, John, 53

Morgan, Giegory, 151; Hum-
phrey, 78 ; Thomas, 15

Morrell, Gregory, 214

Morris, G. T. Windyer, on Knights
Effigies in Exeter Cathedral, 260

Morris, Morrice, Edmund, 96;
John, 143 ; Launcelot, 216 ;
Margaret, 143

Morsehead, John, 96

Mottoes, 46

Moyne, William, 58

Moyse, Michael, 211

Mugford, W. E., on Aveton Gif-
fard, 176 ; on Webber, 264

Mugg, Henry, 109

Mules, Moeles, Alice, 8, 9 ; Roger,

Sir Roger, 8, 232
Munday, Agnes, 208 ; Anthony,

146 ; Richard, 103 ; Thomas,

208

Mungey or Mongey Family, 57
Mungey, Christian, 58 ; Joan, 58,

59 ; Mathon, 57, 58 ; Richard,

58 ; Thomas, 57, 58
Murch, Jerom, 13, no
Myrymouth — see Merymouth

NASSYNGTONE, Thomas de, 9

Nelson's British Stone Circles,
233

Newman, John, 145 ; Thomas, 68

Nicholds, Bartholomew, 145

Norlegh, Richard, 201

Norman, Alfred Merle, 245 ; Ann,
245 ; Capt. George, 63 ; Harry
Bathurst, 245 ; Henry, 245 ;
John, 244, 280 ; Mary, 244

North Bovey Church Bell, 186

Northcot, Elizabeth, 266 ; Walter,
266

Northleigh, Henry, 266; Pasco,
45 ; Raymond, 45

Northmore, John, on Mottoes, 46 ;
on Day and Curfew Bells, 127

Norsworthy and Hill. 51

Norsworthy, Northworthy, Ed-
ward, 264 ; Elizabeth^ 266 ;
John. 52, 263, 264 ; Matthew,
52 ; Samuel, 263 ; Stephen, 263

Norwood, Oliver, 211

Nutbrowne, Elizabeth, 71 ; Wil-
liam, 71

OAK CARVING at Ashburton, 219
Offorde, John, 177
Oldryffe, Michael, 60
Olyver, Richard, 177
Orange, William Prince of, 41
Osborne, Osbern. John, 251, 252 ;

Philip, 60

Ottery, Heraldry at, 192
Oxenham, Amos, 152

P., C., on Preaux, Pruz, Prowse,

148

Paas, Andrew, 203
Page, — , 68
Palk. Sir Robert, 227
Palmar, John, 207
Parish Apprentice Indenture, 152
Parker, John, 211
Parlebene, John, 177
Parr, Bartholomew, 109
Parry, Catharine, 196 ; Sarah, 196

Index.

289

Parsons Family, 7
Parsons, Capt. William, 147
Pasmore, Passmore, Elizabeth, 23;

Mary, 14, 95 ; Richard, 23
Paynter, Elizabeth, 262 ; George,

145 ; Henry, 262, 263 ; Jane.

262 ; John, 262 ; Mary, 262 ;

Samuel, 262 ; Sara, 262
Pearce, Pearse, Perse, Elizabeth,

32 ; John, 32 ; Nicholas, 186 ;

Richard, 32
Pearde, Sir George, 24 ; Justynian,

145
Pedigrees of St. Maur and Zouche,

247
Penhellick, Cheston, 68; John,

68

Pennoyer, William, 50
Penrose, John, 64
Peper, Johanna, 204
Perkens, Perkins, John, 152
Perse — see Pearce
Perot, Robert, 207
Peryam, John, 264
Peter's Farthings. 268
Petty, Hon. Granville. 109
Philip, Roger, 207. 208
Phillips, Andrew, 185 ; John, 185 ;

Thomas, 262
Picton, John, 59
Pike, Pyke, Alice, 150; Dr. Clifford

L., 126 ; Edmund William, 126 ;

Henry, 88 ; Humphrey, 88 ;

John, 140; Richard, Sir Richard,

87, 125, 140 ; Robert, 125, 140 ;

Samuel, 109 ; William, 125, 140,

150, i5i
Pincombe. Pinekome, Pynecombe,

Ann, 214 ; John, 212 ; William,

214

Pinnett, John, 207
Pitford, Sir Charles, 58
Pitman, Catharine, 7 ; Catharine

Susanna. 7 ; James, 7 ; Thomas

Daniel, 7 ; |W. D., 7 ; William

Parr. 7
Plumleigh, Ann, 7 ; Barbara, 70,

71 ; Charles. 71 ; Elizabeth. 71 ;

George, 71 ; Jane, 71 ; John, 70,

71 ; Philip, 71 ; Richard, 71
Pole, Elizabeth, 14 ; John William

de la, 14

Pollard, Hugh, Sir Hugh, 30, 214
Ponnel, Philip, 96
Pope, John, 109
Porter, Jasper, 109
Portman, John, 151
Potter, Barabbas, 266
Powell, Laura Hirtzel, in

Pratellis, John de, 229 ; Ralph de,

231 — see also Prowse
Prato, Robert, 149, 230 ; Walter,
149, 230 — see also Pratellis and
Prowse
Preaux, Pruz, Prowse, 148, 229 —

see also Prowse
Pree, John, 203
Prest, Hugh, 59

Price, Catharine, 196 ; Henry, 195,
196

Prickman, J. D., on Day and
Curfew Bells, 178

Prideaux, Pridias, Prydeaux,
Elizabeth, 177, 178, 224 ; John,
177, 178, 223 ; Richard, 177, 224 ;
Robert, 220, 224, 228 ; Sir
Roger de, 177 ; Thomas, 220,
224, 225, 227, 228

Probus — see Prowse

Proclamation on Liberty of Con-
science, 1867, 255

Prowse, de Preaux, Probus, le
Prous, le Pruz, Alice, 8, 232 ;
Eudo, 232 ; Helion, 232 ;
Ingeram, 231 ; John, 229, 231 ;
Margaret, 231 ; Osbert, 229,
231, 232 ; Peter, 148, 149, 229,
231,232 ; Ralph de, 231; Walter,
229, 232 ; William, Sir William,
8, 9, 230, 231, 232— see also
Pratellis and Prato

Prowse, Arthur B., on Preaux, or
Pratellis, &c., 229

Pruz — see Prowse

Pulman, R., 150

Punchard, E. G., on Two Devon-
shire Goldsmiths, 149

Punchard, Richard, 88, 150;
Thomas. 149

Purnell, John, 241

Pyldyche, John, 185

Pyne. Thomas, 200

Pynecombe — see Pincombe

QUINCE, Ann, 120 ; John, 120 ;
Sarah, 120 ; William, 120

R., J. B., on a Modbury Church-
warden's Account, 60 ; on Will
of John Waddon, of Plympton,
96 ; on Halwell Church Seat, 241

R., J. H., on Anstis of Colyton,
191 ; on Henry Grove, 198 ; on
Pedigree of St. Maure and
Zouche, 247

Radford, Briget,-56

Radford, E. L., on an Old Exeter
MS., 217

2go

Index.

Raleigh, Ralegh, Rawley, Hugh
de, 261 ; Walter, 46, 48

Ralegh, Sir Walter, 79 ; Was he
a Lawyer ? 46 ; and " The Art
of War by Sea," 237

Raleghs, Sheriffs of Devon, 261,
262

Rashleigh, Rashley, Raysschleigh,
Agnes, 208 ; Alice, 202, 208. 211,
213; Anne, 214; Arthur, 214,
215 ; Cecilia, 206, 214 ; Chris-
topher, 214, 215 ; Dorothy, 214 ;
Elizabeth, 214 ; Ibota, 201, 202 ;
Joan, 2oi«, 203, 203« ; John,

20IW, 202, 203, 206, 207, 208,

209, 211, 213 ; Jonathan, 146 ;
Katharine, 215 ; Mary, 215 ;
Matilda, 201, 20iw ; Peter, 212 ;
Philip, 207, 210, 212, 215 ;
Robert, 201, 2oi«, 202, 209, 210,
2I2« ; Roger, 207 ; Susan, 214 ;
Temperance, 214 ; Thomas, 202,
203, 203«, 205, 206, 207, 208, 212,
215 ; Walter, 212 ; William, 212;
Wilmot, 208 — see also Bray

Rashleigh, of Devon, 201

Redvers, Rivers, Mary de, 149,
229; Wlliam de, 230

Reichel, O. J., on Songs of the
West, 56, 151 ; on the Domes-
day Boroughs, 61 ; on Bridge
and Caw, 94; on Collings' Land
Reform, 179; on Devon Place
Names, 264

Remmett, Robert, 109

Rescorla, George, 148

Reynell, Jane. 40 ; Lucy, 37, 40« ;
Richard, Sir Richard, 39, 40, 41

Richard, Edward, 201

Richards, John, 25 ; Richard, 25 ;
William, 25

Richardson, James, 120 ; Mary,

I2O

Rippon Tor, Cross on, 10 ; Stone

Row, 13

Rivers de — see Redvers
Roberts, Jane, 188 ; Mary, 188 ;

Richard, 188
Roberts' Literary Landmarks of

Torquay, 64
Robyns, — . 15
Rogers, Andrew, 185, 186; Robert,

185
Rogers, W. G., on Songs of the

West, 127
Rogers, W. H. Hamilton, no ;

on Monumental Brasses in

Stoke Fleming and Dartmouth

Churches, 65

Rogger, John, 182

Rolle, Alexander, 93, 94 ; Dennis,

93 ; George. 93, 94 ; John, 93, 94
Roope, Ambrose, 42^ ; Dorothy,

69, 72 ; Joan, 70 ; John, 69, 70,

72 ; Nicholas, 69, 71 ; Philip,

69 ; Richard, 69
Ropford, Agnes de, 107 ; Roger

de, 107 ; Walter de, 107
Rose, Thomas, 146
Rose-Troup, F., on the Western

Rebellion of 1549, 52
Rosier, John, 27
Rouge-et-noir, on Summons to

Arms 1644. 30
Rous, Arthur, 70, 72 ; Dorothy, 72;

Mary, 69 ; Richard, 69
Row, Rowe, John, 186, 198, 205 ;

William, 109, 145
Rowe, J. Hambly, on Coyte, Bell-
Founder, 200
Rowley, Thomas, 202
Russell, Giles, 91 ; Robert, 186

S., A. J. P., on Colyton Register
Entries, 216 ; on Theophilus
Gale, 241

S., H., on Songs of the West,
197

S., T. G., on Att Yard or Yarde
Family, 265

St. Aubin, Sir John, 15

St. Leger and Aggett, 149

St. Mary Church Font, Symbolism
of, 132

St. Mary's Chantry, Topsham, 58

St. Petrock's Church, Dartmouth,
Monumental Brasses in, 69

St. Sidwell and Exeter, 190

Salisbery, Salsburye, Walter, 206 ;
William, 211

Salopia, Ralph de. 127

Sampson, Elizabeth, 143 ; George,
142, 143 ; Joan, 143 ; John, 142,
143 ; Margaret, 143 ; Mary, 143 ;
Thomas, 143

Sancto Gorouo, Richard de, 9

Sanden, Thomas, 109

Saunders. Anthony, 24

Saundersj Helen, on Exeter Silver-
smiths, 55 ; on St. Leger and
Aggett, "149 ; on Eliot of Port
Eliot, 152

Savery, Christopher. 7 ; Chris-
topher West, 7 ; Mary, 7 ; Ser-
vington, 7 ; Stephen, 7 ; William
Edmund, 7

Seaton, Inscription in Church, 26 ;
Some Vicars of, 262

Index.

291

Senex, on Branseombe and

Heraldry of Kelleway and

other Monuments, 99
Serle, Edward, 262
Servington, Joan, 7 ; John, 7
Seventeenth Century Tanner's

Inventory, A, 123
Seymour, Sir Edward, 253
Shepperde, Shypperde, John, 185,

186

Shepster, Alicia, 204
Shere, William, 58, 59
Shore's Origin of the Anglo-Saxon

Race, 128
Short, Elizabeth, 29 ; John, 29,

109 ; Thomas, 28, 29
Shorto's Story of Exeter, 128
Shute Church, Inscription in, 14
Shypperde — see Shepperde
Sidbury Church, Inscription in,

26

Sintal, Humfrey. 200
Sketyn, Nicholas, 58
Skinner, A. J. P., on Rev. George

Anstis, 13 ; on Coffin-shaped

Gravestone at Colyton, 141 ; on

Joseph Chapman's Memorial

Inscription in Colyton Church,

198
Skinner, Emily, on the Courtenay

Motto. 95 ; on French Prisoners

at Tiverton, 257
Skyber, Bernard, 204
Stanninge, Mr., 241
Smerdon, Susan, 64
Smerdon and Baker Families, 64
Smith, Smythe, Hugh, 205 ; John,

109, 186 ; Ralph, 196 ; Sir

Sidney, 258 ; Thomas, 204 ;

William, Sir William, 57, 58, 96
Some Vicars or Ministers of

Seaton, 262
Somers, — , 70
Songs of the West, 56, 127, 151,

197

Sonter, John, 204
Soper, John, 224, 225, 226
South Molton, Summons to Arms,

30

Southcott, Sir John, 253, 254
Sowton, John, 201
Snowe, Nicholas, 187
Spark, Elford, 96
Speccott, Humphrey, 200 ; Ursula,

200

Spencer, William, 202
Spoore, Thomas, 148
Squier, Squere, Robert, 185 ;

William, 188

Stacy, William, 146

Stapeldon, Walter de, 8 ; William

de, 8
Staplehill, Agnes, 68 ; Aldred, 68 ;

Alexander, 68 ; Anastasia, 150 ;

Anne, 68 ; Arthur, 68 ; Gilbert,

65, 68, 69 ; Hugh, 68 ; John, 68 ;

Nicholas, 69; Walter, 68;

William, 68 ; Zabian, 68
Starre, Elizabeth, 26 ; Jane, 262 ;

John, 26 ; Mary, 263
Stapiscot, Alice," 203« ; Richard,

203 n
Stead, W. B. Vere, on Tomb at

Bovey Tracy, 49 '
Steed, Thomas, 23
Stephens, Stephyne, Stephene,

David, 182; Henry, 146; John,

201 ; Lewis, 15 ; Thomas, 186 ;

Walter, 201 ; William, 185
Stephenson, Mill, on Brass found

at Luppit, 269
Stoke Canon, Symbolism of

Ancient Font, 129
Stoke Fleming Church, Monu-
mental Brasses in, 65
Stone,' John, 26
Stone Circles, British, 233
Stone Row on Bruford Down, 12
Story of Exeter, the, 128
Strowbridge, Joan, 143 ; John,

143

Strode, Strowde, Agnes, 266 ;

Richard, 211 ; William, 266
Stumbels, — , 82
Sture, Elizabeth, 32 ; John, 186
Stykk, John, 204
Styry, John, 205
Summons to Arms, 1644, 30
Swete, John, 60
Swymbridge Church, Inscription

in, 27
Sydenham, Humphrey, 200;

Penelope, 200
Symes, Elizabeth, 91
Symond, John, 205
Symonds, H., on Devon Tokens,

78
Symsonne, Roger, 107

TABLE, John, 151

Tailor, Taillor— see Taylor

Take!!, — , 203

Talaton Church, Inscription in, 27

Talkay, John, 59

Tanner. George, 104

Tany, Margery, i26w ; Thomas,

I26«

Tapper, William, 186

Index.

Tauke, Henry, 59

Taylor, Tailor, Taillor, Peter, 59 ;
Philip, 109 ; William, 205

Temple, — , 109

Teppin, Oliver, 215

Thornton, W. H.. on Devonshire
Matrimonial Market, 54 ; on
North Bovey Church Bell, 186

Thorp, John de, 126 n ; Robert de,

Thurlestone Church House, 180

Tilly, Henry de, 80

Tin, Marks on, 118

Tin Miners Foreigners, 126

Tiverton, French Prisoners in, 257

Tomane, John, 185

Tomb at Bovey Tracey, 49

Tonker, John, 204, 205

Tonkin, John, 118

Topsham, St. Mary's Chantry,

58
Torquay, Literary Landmarks of,

64

Totnes, Day Bell at, 127
Totnes, Godfrey de, 247
Towgood, Matthew, no; Micai-

jah, 83, 108, no, 113, 114, 144 ;

Stephen, 108

Tozer, Abraham, 108 ; Maria, 25
Tracy, Thomas de, 4
Tregarthin, Joan, 99, 100, 103,

189 ; Margaret, 104 ; Thomas,

104

Trelawney, Robert, 145
Tremayn, Nicholas, 5, 10; Thomas

10

Trethewy, Robert de, 177
Trethurffe, Eliza, 103 ; Jane, 103 ;

Sir John, 103 ; Thomas, 103
Treverbyn, Andrew de, 177 ;

Hugh, Sir Hugh de, 73, 74, 176,

177 ; Odo, Otho de, 74, 176 :

Walter, 73, 176
Trevethan, William, 146
Trewella, Agnes, 49 ; Anna. 146 ;

Thomas, 50

Trobrygge, Richard, 201
Trowles worthy, Granite Cylinder

on, 10 ; Stone Row, 13
Troyte - Chafyn - Grove, CM on

Chantrell of Bampton, 264
Tubb, Eleanor, 212 ; George,

212 n
Tucker, Mr., 257 ; Francis, 6 ;

John, 123 ; Robert, 14
Tudor Persecution at Exeter. 247
Turner, John, 108
Turpin, Robert, 50
Tympanum at Bondleigh, 197, 228

Tyncombe, Ph., 145
Tyrrell, John, 244

VAGGESCOMBE, Sir Robert, 10

Van Eyck, John. 188

Vaughan, Benjamin Kerr, 7 ;

Edward, 7 ; Julia, 7
Venn, Charles, 23
Vernon, Mary de, 229, 232
Veysey, Bp. John, 182
Vicary, John, 109
Vincent, Dr., 96
Voose, Alicia, 212
Votive Figures in Stained Glass,

59

Vowell, Richard, 150
Voysey, Humphrey, 201
Vye, John, 143 ; Mary, 143
Vynhawe, John, 204
Vyvyan, John, 103

W., F.. on Aveton Gifford Herald-
ry, 45 ; on Yarde Family, 56 ;
on Mohun and Maddock Fami-
lies, 63 ; on Branscombe
Heraldry, 189 ; on Heraldry at
Ottery, 192

W., R. H., on Nelson's British
Stone Circles, 233

Waddon, John, 96 ; Richard, 96

Wadham, Dorothy. 105 ; John,
99 ; Margaret, 266 ; Nicholas,
105 ; Sir William, 266

Wainwright, Thomas, on Inscrip-
tions in Devon Churches, 23

Walewayn, Margery, 205

Waller, Margaret, 40 ; Sir Wil-
liam, 40, 154

Walshman, Ledewic, 204

Walrond, Henry, 200 ; William,
200

Walton, Elizabeth, 262 ; Jane,
262 ; William, 262

Warde, Joanna, 204 ; William
Knox, 15

Ware— see Were

Warre, Anne, 266 ; Francis, 125 ;
Sir John, 125, 140; Thomas,
266

Warrenne, Isabella de, 229

Watts, J. W.f 40

Wayt, John, 206 ; Laurencia, 206

Webber, 191, 264 ; Clement, 204 ;
Henry, 191

Webber, Richard, junior, on
Webber, 191

Webber-Incledon, L. C. J., on
Chichester of Widworthy, 89 ;
on Alexander Rolle, 93

Weekes, Richard, 123

Were, Weare, Ware, Mr., 125,
140 ; Edmund, 153 ; Elizabeth,
154 ; Humphrey, 153 ; John, 89,
153, ct seq. ; Margaret, 89 ;
Thomas, 89, 90

Were, Col. John, The Apologie of,

153

West Alvington, 44
Westcote, Westcott, Frances, 188 ;

John, 109 ; Philip, 188
Westcote, Thomas, in North

Devon, 187

Westcote's View of Devonshire,^
Western Rebellion of 1549, 52
Westerne, Mary, 213 ; Richard,2i3
Wever, John, 187
Whatlok— see Whitlok
Whiddon, William, 146
White, Whyte, James, 109 ; John,

201, 205 — see also Wyte
White Witch Powers, 124
Whitlok, Whatlok, Richard, 203,

205
Wilkins, Hester Richardson. 244 ;

John, 25
Willis

rillighby. Nicholas, 206

Wills, Franc, 258

Wilson, Samuel, 50

Windeatt, Edward, on Flete
House, 113 ; on Day Bell at
Totnes, 127 ; on Great Fire at
Crediton, 144 ; on Addresses
from Devon to James II., 252

Winser, William, 152

Wives, Sale of, 54

Wolborough Church, Inscription
in, 28

Index. 293

Wolleghe, Wolhay, John, 10 ;
William de, 9

Wood, Wode, John, 211 ; Richard,
202

Woodward, Thomas, 71

Woolfardisworthy Church, In-
scriptions in, 28

Woollcombe, Archdn., 8

Worthe, Richard, 180, 182

Worth, R. H., Cross on Rippon
Tor, 10 ; Long Stone Row on
Erme, n ; Stone Row on
Bruford Down, 12

Wrazall, Nathaniel, 109

Wybberie, Wybbery, Thomas de,
264 ; Sir Simon de, 9

Wyke, John, 270

Wymare, John, 217

Wyndeyate, George, 228

Wyse, John, 205

Wyte, Bellfounder. 200 ; William,
200

Wytloff, John, 10

YARDE FAMILY, 56, 265

Yarde, Yard, Yearde, Edward,

56 ; Francis, 56 ; Gilbert, 68 ;

Joan, 68 ; Richard 68, 180, 182 ;

Thomas, 180
Yeo, At Yoe, John, 205 ; Philip,

114; Thomas, 73
Yeomane, John, 182
Yonge, Younge, Alice, 143 ; Ann,

142, 143 ; Jane, 142, 143, 264 ;

John. 142, 143, 144, 264 ;

Richard, 195 ; Walter, 264
Youat, William, no

Arms of Dennis, Livery Dole.

WHIPTON : ALL SAINTS. 49

are Late Perpendicular in type, and were probably inserted
at the end of the i6th century when the almshouse was erected.

Within, the chapel is perfectly plain, simply consisting
of a nave and sanctuary with no division between them. On
either side hang china plaques, one bearing the arms and
quarterings of Denys, the other repeating the inscription
which is placed outside the almshouse over the gate.

These almshouses were
founded by Sir Robert Dennis

Knight in March 1591

and finished by Sir Thomas

Dennis his son in

1594

Arms : Quarterly of ten. (i) Ermine 3 battle axes gules —
DENNIS. (2) Argent a cross moline sable, on a chief sable 3 mullets
or — DABERNON. (3) Sable, 3 fusils in fess ermine — GIFFARD.
(4) Gules 2 bends wavy or — BREWER. (5) Sable, 2 bucks passant
argent, between 7 bezants — BOCHERELL. (6) Azure, a bend per
bend indented or and ermine, between two cotizes of the third —
CHRISTENSTOWE. (7) Sable, a fess compony or, and gules between
3 cross crosslets of the second — GOBODESLEY.* (8) Argent, on a
chevron between 3 eagles heads erased sable 3 acorns or — CHIDERS-
LEIGH. (9) Azure, between 6 cross crosslets or a unicorn salient
argent — DUNN. (10) Gules, a double headed eagle displayed
between 3 fleurs de lys argent.

The tinctures in the plaque in the chapel are not wholly
correct, in every case where the field should have been
sable it has been left plain white, perhaps on account
of some difficulty in the china painting.

From 1844 to 1846 the chapel was licensed for weddings
during the closing of Heavitree Church for restoration ; the
first marriage was on July 3ist, 1844, the last July 26th, 1846,
and there were altogether forty-five marriages celebrated here
during that period.

Mbipton: HU Saints.

A little more than a mile from Exeter is the village of
Whipton, included in Heavitree parish; in 1861 the little

*GOBODESLEY, not given either by Carevve or Holland ; Burke
spells it GOBOTESLEY ; Worth says " alias GOLDESLEY."

E

50 EXETER CHURCHES.

church was built as a chapel of ease on ground given by
Lord Poltimore.

It is of red stone, having a west gable surmounted
with a bell turret. The entrance is through a south porch,
with corbelled heads completing the dripstones of the mould-
ing of the arch.

Within, it consists of nave, chancel, and south transept,
this last separated by a very depressed arch supported on
carved brackets. The roof is open-timbered, the beams
supported on shafts resting upon brackets. There is a
simple octagonal font. The west window is fine, filling
nearly the whole of the west wall, and has very good
mullions. In the transept, the chancel* and on the north
and south side of the nave there are coloured windows,
that on the north being in memory of Mr. Edward A.
Sanders, who died in 1905. He presented the carved oak
reading desk and lectern to the church.

The reredos is of stone, and on the north wall of the
sanctuary a brass, ornamented with the figure of an angel,
commemorates the name of Anna Maria Everard, donor of
the east window. The organ was placed in the church in
November, 1903.

Many of us would be glad to have seen the church
of Holy Trinity as Jenkins describes it to us at the com-
mencement of the i gth century. It was so near the South
Gate as to seem part of it, and had a tower projecting
into the street, in which hung " four untunable bells."
Adjoining the tower was an arched building, formerly the
residence of the priest, then of the sexton. Within were
nave, chancel and aisles, and the historian further adds that it
was all kept in very good repair.

But nothing could check the all-devouring monster of
"street improvement," which has assimilated one old build-
ing in the city after another. The South Gate was demol-
ished, and Holy Trinity came down in its fall, that "project-
ing tower," we may be sure, met with swift condemnation.
And no sense of veneration for antiquity existed in the

HOLY TRINITY. 51

minds of the Commissioners for improvements. As a
matter of fact this never has existed in the minds of any
improvers, restorers, or reformers of any date, or tone of
thought or country. The whole history of building,
whether the architect be Michael Angelo, or "Mr Compo,"
is the story of the removal of some existing interest, to
put up something else which the present builder thinks
would be an " improvement."

It may be that in 1820 the builders thought the new
church of Holy Trinity an improvement. It exhibits all
the want of architectural features common to" the churches
of that time. The west front combines a classic pediment
with gothic crocketed pinnacles and above this is a bell turret;
only from the back can its remarkable elongated shape be
seen to full advantage. It seems not quite sure whether
it was intended for a tower or a chimney, and has stopped
at something half way between the two. As the church
stands back a good bit from the road other architectural
deformities in front retire behind railings, small trees, and
the shop fronts.

Within it is equally unpromising. The rectangular
" body " can hardly be called a nave. Down this are four
bays, with clustered columns, which seem not so much to
form aisles as to support the galleries on each side of the
church, also crossing the west end above a stone screen
that divides the entrance from the interior of the church.
This is a later addition.

The font is modern Perpendicular, octagonal, with quatre-
foils on the panels, and the arms of " Shield." Near it is
a brass plate inscribed : —

This font was presented to the church of Holy Trinity, Exeter, by
George Henry Shield M.A. Rector of the Parish, A.D. 1855.

Arms : Gules, on a lend engrailed or, three shields azure.

The church was " reseated and improved by Mr.
Ash worth, architect," in 1884; *° this date we can assign
the tiled flooring, open seats, and the west screen.

The pulpit is very lofty, and the sanctuary, for it can-
not be called a chancel, at the east end, shews nothing of
interest except a monument with armorial bearings to
Anne, wife of the Rev. George Henry Shield, and daughter
of Admiral Shield.

52 EXETER CHURCHES.

But on entering the vestry we shall find a most interest-
ing document preserved there which helps to connect the
present building with the earlier church of the I2th century.
It is a deed of 1442, when Bishop Lacy held the See,
referring to an enquiry made by him at the request of
Simon Chudleigh; then rector, relating to the consecration
of the church. It is evident from the statements in this
deed that the old church of Holy Trinity had become so
much dikipidated as to require putting into thorough repair.
Such restorations were very frequent in Bishop Lacy's time,
many of them receiving personal assistance from the Bishop
himself. During these restorations the church had been
closed, apparently for a very long period, and the services
so much interrupted that a doubt had arisen as to the date
of the feast of the dedication, and whether the church
had been consecrated at all. At the instance of the Bishop
a court of enquiry was held by the Archdeacon, where the
oldest inhabitants of the parish testified that though they
had no personal recollection of the dedication nor knew the
time of the founding of the church, " for that their memories
did not go so far back," yet they could certify to the
existence of the consecration crosses both within and
without the church ; and they were not aware of any
pollution or desecration taking place in the church, and
they could certify that the feast day of St. Jerome was kept
as the festival of the dedication, and moreover the Kalendar
of the breviary of the church contained the words,
" Dedicacio Ecclesie Sancte Trinitatis Exonie " written
against the feast day of St. Jerome the last day of September.

The deed records the names of four early rectors of the
church : — John de Susseter (or Circester) collated 5th Sep-
tember, 1349; Roger Harper; after whose death John
Govys (i8th November, 1402) was Rector. He was
probably succeeded by Simon Chudleigh, at whose instance
this enquiry was made.

In the time of John Govys (we learn from the deed)
the church was closed for repairs, the roof being old and
decayed was removed, the south and west walls rebuilt,
and the roof renewed. These restorations had been com-
pleted during the lifetime of John Govys, with the consent of
" the more honest of the parishioners." The old church is

I

HOLY TRINITY. 53

further described as having a soler (gallery) where the
people of the parish could hear the Divine Sacraments
administered ; a high altar, and three other altars, one in
honour of the Blessed Virgin, and one in honour of S.
Giles. Of this latter there was an image sculptured in
wood and set in a tabernacle. Also there was a tomb
near the font with an effigy of the corpse of Master John
Susseter, sometime Rector of this church.

It would almost seem from the careful descriptions
recalled by the memory of the old parishioners as if some
of these things had disappeared at the restoration of the
church, and had not found their way back again, the
effects of church restoration being the same in the I5th
century as at the present day.

This deed is a most beautiful specimen of i5th century
caligraphy, every word and letter clear and readable. At
the base is appended the Bishop's seal, inscribed " Sigillu
edmundi dei gracia exonienl epi." The parchment is framed,
so that everyone interested in so valuable a document can
see it. On the back is pasted an account of the deed,
with a digest of its contents, written by the late Mr. R.
Dymond, and published by him in the Exeter Flying Post of
May nth, 1881. From this paper the foregoing notes have
been taken.

The church plate is very beautiful. The oldest piece
is an Elizabethan communion cup with a cover, one of
the many cups wrought from the old chalice by John Johns,
of Exeter, and bearing his IONS mark, with the crowned X.
At the top of the cover, intended to be used as a paten,
is the characteristic Tudor rose, with the inscription, " The
Paryshe of Holy Trinity the year of our Lord 1575 " ; else-
where it is marked, " This cup of Trinity w. xxii ounces
less vid." A second simpler cup, also with a cover, is " The
gift of Katharine Matthew to the Parish of Holy Trinity
in Exon. Anno Dom. 1639."

One of the very large flagons was the gift of the
parishioners in 1683 ; another, dated 1703, presented by Mr.
Thomas Facey, "late of Parkers well." He left St.
Leonard's parish and came to reside in that of Holy
Trinity, where he was a generous donor to many charities.
On the large silver alms dish are the words " Sum Ecclesia.

54 EXETER CHURCHES.

S. S. Trinitatis Exon 6th May Anno. Dom. 1705." All
these pieces of plate were weighed in the eighteenth Century
and have their weight and the date 1780 upon them.
The registers begin in 1562.

The church of Holy Trinity has lost much ; it has been
almost the worst architectural sufferer in the city, but still
these links remain to preserve the continuity of its claim to be
recognized as one of the ancient churches of Exeter : a
church consecrated when, by whom, or in what year no
human memory can know, no mortal record remains to tell.
Of the mural tablets preserved in the church the older
ones have been placed on the vestry walls, of these the
earliest and most interesting records the name of a seventeenth
century rector.

M. S. Thomce Wight M.A. SS Trinitatas Exon Rector

nee non societatis militaris ibidem sacellani.

qui obijt 18 Februarii Anno Aetatis 40
Dom 1682

Fortis eras probus (et quod rarus est) fidus amico

Doctus item (sed quod rarus est) humilis.

There are nine memorial tablets altogether in the
vestry, but of these three are placed so high up on the
wall and have become so much obscured as to be quite
illegible from below. Another, which is in a dark corner, is
also scarcely readable, it is surmounted with a coat of arms,
" baron " much obliterated, impaling argent 3 chevronels.
The tablet is of John Wyse died Oct. gth, 1686. Jenkins
mentions this monument, which was on the north side
of the chancel, to the memory of John Wyse, merchant
of this city, who died 2gth October, 1686 ; and a plain
stone tablet to the memory of Mr. John Carter.

The other inscriptions are as follows : —

William Burn, born at North Berwick A.D. 1745, died at Exeter
II April 1814, a Major General in the Hon. East India Company's service.

Arms : Or, in chief 2 muskets, in base or, hunting horn stringed.

Samuel White Esq. of Colleton Crescent in this parish Adjutant
in the Royal First Devon Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry died 28th
Janry. 1832 aged 66. Mary his wife daughter of John Harris Esq.
died i Feb. 1824 aged 59. Erected by his 4 sorrowing daughters.
Elizabeth, eldest sister of the above named Samuel White died 24 Jan.
1828 aged 76.

Arms : A rgent on a bend wavy cotised sable 3 mullets
pierced or.

HOLY TRINITY. 55

Here lie the remains of Anne Wylde (wife of John Flawtrell Wylde
and daughter of Peter and Mary S. Gurley of the island of St. Vincent)
who departed this life the 2oth of May 1804 in the 23rd year of her age.

In memory of Anne Thomazine Hurnand daughter of Thomas Hur-
nand Esqr. Alderman of the city of Norwich who died in this parish the
29 day of December 1779 aged 36.

Whose behaviour through life endeared her to all who knew her,
and rendered her an example worthy of imitation.

Underneath lie the remains of Caroline Frances third daughter of
Colonel Parr inspecting Field Officer of the Exeter District, died Aug. 17
1801 aged 4 months. Also of Jane Elizabeth his second daughter died
Aug. 26 1807 aged 13 years.

Sacred to the memory of William Brabazon Wye Esqr. aged 37 Late
Commander of one of his Majestys Packets on the Falmouth Station. A
long and lingering illness contracted during 23 years service in climates
ill adapted to a European constitution deprived the service of an able ex-
perienced commander, society of a valuable member, his numerous friends
and relations of a warm friend, a dutiful son, an affectionate brother, his
disconsolate widow of a fond and indulgent husband to whose memory
this last tribute of her grief and affectionate remembrance is erected
on the 3rd of October 1812.

To the memory of the Revd. JohnVye Rector of Wotton in North-
amptonshire who died at Teignrrouth the 9th of June 1835 a&ed 69
years.

Near this place are deposited the remains of the Revd. George
Carwithen M.A. late Rector of Ashprington in this county, who died in
this parish the 2nd Oct. 1794 aged 64. Also Elizabeth his widow who
died 7th March 1818 aged 83.

Sacred to the memory of William Roberts Esq barrister at law, who
died xxv Dec. mdcccxvi aged Ixxi. Upright, humane, generous and
religious he cherished throughout life with an ardent sincerity the pure
and exalted principles of piety and charity. Blessed are the dead which
die in the Lord.

Sacred to the memory of Martha Hart widow, matron of the Devon
and Exeter female penitentiary, whose pious judicious and unwearied
exertions for a period of twenty years were blessed with the highest
success. She died 26 November 1844 aged 60. This tablet is erected in
testimony of her worth by the Governors of the institution.

In a vault near this spot lie the mortal remains of John Blackall M.D.
who after a long and distinguished career as a physician in this city
died on the loth of January 1850 in the 8oth year of his age.

Also of his widow Laura Blackall eldest daughter of the venerable
Kalph Barnes Archdeacon of Totnes, who died in her goth year on the
6th of January 1862. And of their third son the Revd. Henry Blackall
M.A. late student of Christ Church Oxford, incumbent of Littleton

56 EXETER CHURCHES.

Worcestershire, who died on the 24th day of October 1853 in the 44th
year of his age.

This tablet is erected by Thomas Blackall M.D. youngest and only
surviving son of the said John and Laura Blackall in token of his
affectionate remembrance of his parents and brother.

To the Glory of God, and in loving remembrance of Amelia the
beloved wife of George Henry Mugford who died Nov. I2th 1893
aged 57.

Near this spot are deposited the mortal remains of James Creswell
Esqr., late of this parish. Who departed this life on the gib day of April
1850 aged 76 years, esteemed and respected by a large circle of friends.
In the same vault are the mortal remains of Anne Creswell his beloved
wife, who died on the 3oth day of January 1813. Beside them are
interred their three infant children. In affectionate remembrance of
departed worth this tablet is erected by his surviving sister MariaC res well
The Lord delivereth the souls of his servants. Ps. 34, 22. Also sacred to
the memory of Maria Creswell who departed this life on the I4th day of
March 1867.

Be ye also ready. Matt. xxiv. 44.

Sacred to the memory of Charles Foster late churchwarden in this
parish, who departed this life on the 24th day of March 1866 aged 53
years.

The memory of the just is blessed.

Also of Sarah widow of the above who died at Mount Radford 2nd Sept.
1881 aged 67.

Her children shall rise up and call her blessed.

Near this spot lie the mortal remains of George Pedlar Esqr,
Commander in the Royal Navy, who departed this life Nov. 22nd 1849
aged 70.

Throughout the late war with France, and the United States of
America, he was actively employed in the service of his country, and
earned the reputation of a gallant and skilful officer. Uniform
integrity of conduct and kindness of disposition, blended with an
unpretending yet earnest and consistent piety marked his private
character. He died in the meek confidence of Christian Hope.
The memory of the just is blessed.

In the same vault are the remains of Emma Pedlar his beloved
relict, who departed this life in Christian Hope January 5th 1854, aged
70 years.

Waiting for the coming of Our Lord Jesus Christ.

On the north wall of the chancel : —

Sacred to the memory of Anne Shield the beloved wife of George
Henry Shield M.A. Rector of this parish, and only daughter of
Admiral Shield for many years the Commissioner of H.M. Dockyard at

HOLY TRINITY. 57

Devonport, and Jane his wife. She departed this life in Christian
hope on the 20th day of February 1875.

Blessed are the pure in heart for they shall see God.
Arms : On a bend three shields impaling a chevron charged with
3 flews de lys between three leopards' faces crowned. Burke gives
the first of these as SHIELD OF SCOTLAND. The arms are
also upon the font, which was presumably presented to
the church by the Rector, the Rev. G. H. Shield.

Sacred to the memory of Rear Admiral Francis Godolphin Bond,
who after twenty-five years of professional service exhibited through-
out the remainder of his life a bright example of private virtue, of
domestic affection, of religious principles, and of active benevolence,
to a generous disregard of self, an habitual cheerfulness, a constant
endeavour to promote the happiness of all around him, was joined
with the firm and humble faith of a Christian. His never failing
support in his last illness and in the hour of his death. Born 25 Jan.
1765, died Oct. 26 1859.

Sacred also to the memory of four sons and a daughter of the
above F. G. Bond and Sophia his wife.

Tucker Francis Lieut, in the Hon. E.I.C.S. born i8th June 1805
killed in the Burmese war near Rangoon 7th Oct. 1824.

George Hardy born loth Feb. 1819 died I7th June, 1826.

Margaret born 2 Dec. 1810 died 3rd Feb. 1831.

Henry Mate of H.M.S. Fair Rosamond born 2 Aug. 1812, died at
Ascension 3rd Jan. 1840.

Francis Godolphin Lieut R.N. commanding H.M. Brigg Forester
born 16 Dec. 1804 died on his passage from Sierra Leone to Ascension
16 July 1840.

Also to the memory of Sophia relict of the above Admiral Francis
Godolphin Bond who departed this life on the 2nd of Feb. aged 88 jrears.

To the memory of her beloved aunt Frances Bellew daughter of
John Bellew formerly of Stockleigh Court in this county Esqr. one
of the most amiable of women, who departed this life on the 22nd
of December 1846 aged 76 years, this marble was erected by Caroline
Bellew of Exeter.

Oft shall thy virtues still to memory dear
Oh sainted spirit claim a pious tear,
While on their bright example one shall dwell
Who strives to copy where she can't excel.

Sacred also to the memory of Phillippa Bellew sister to the said
Frances, who died Feb. 4th 1841 aged 66 years.

Their remains repose in the vaults beneath the church.

Arms: Quarterly of six. i and 6 sable fretty or (BELLEW).
2. Vair^e a chief chequy or and gules (FLEMMING). 3. Argent on
a bend sable 3 horse-shoes of the field (FERRARS). 4. Argent
a lion rampant gules debmshed with a fess sable charged with

58 EXETER CHURCHES.

3 crosses formees fitches or. 5. Quarterly argent and sable, a bend
gules charged with 3 mullets of the first (GALLEY OF CHYMNEY).
For these arms see Burke who gives " Colebroke of
Colebroke" as being quartered by Bellew, but the arms
on the monument are not those of Colebrooke as given
by Burke.

In the family vault near this place lie the remains of Adam Pierce
of this city Esqr, who died on the 5th August 1794 aged 73. Also
Elizabeth his wife daughter and co-heiress of Charles Kendall of
Landew in the county of Cornwall LL.D. who died the I7th of
April 1760 aged 35, and of their children Elizabeth Kendall Pierce
died June loth 1807 aged 58.

Charles Pierce died June 6th 1825 aged 70.

Mary Pierce died April I2th 1824 aged 67.

Samuel Pierce died Sept. 17 1827 aged 69.

This tablet is erected by the second and sole surviving daughter
Charlotte Pierce of Ipplepen in the county of Devon to perpetuate
the memory of her parents, brother and sisters.

This tablet is erected by his bereaved widow to the memory of
John Macdonald Lieutenant and Quartermaster of the ist Devon
Militia, in the church where the 1st (or Exeter and South Devon)
Battalion of Rifle Volunteers (organized by him as acting adjutant
1859) are wont to worship. The great and disinterested services he
rendered coupled with his uniform kindness and soldierly bearing
endeared him to the members of the battalion who felt acutely his
loss both as a friend and a military instructor. He died June 6th
1861.

Mark the upright man, for the end of that man is peace.

Also Anne Ellen relict of the above who died Dec. loth 1884,
aged 75 years.

Arms of the ist Batt. Rifle Volunteers.

Near this sacred spot lie the mortal remains of William Shield
Esqr, Admiral of the White Squadron, of H.M. Fleet. He served
his country with zeal and fidelity for Ixx years, and departed this
life with a lively faith in Christ on the xxv June, A.D. mdcccxlvi
aged Ixxx years.

My flesh shall rest in hope.

In the same vault are interred the remains of Jane the beloved
relict of Admiral Shield who departed this life in Christian Hope at
Dawlish on the xxii day of August, mdcccl aged Ixxxv years.
Waiting for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Arms : Shield. See above.

Sacred to the memory of Samuel Churchill Esqr (of this parish)
who died 9 April 1818 aged 71 years.

WYNARD'S CHAPEL : HOLY TRINITY. 59

In beloved remembrance of Samuel Moass builder of this parish
who died June 5th 1872 aged 71.

His end was peace.

Also Elizabeth widow of the above who died March 3oth 1891
aged 88 years.

Sacred to the memory of Charles Cheetham (late of Staley
Bridge in the county of Lancaster) who departed this life January
3oth 1817, aged 27 years.

To the memory of William Burn who was born at North Ber-
wick A.D. 1745 and died at Exeter the nth of April A.D. 1814. As
an officer brave and indefatigable he highly distinguished himself
during 40 years in the service of the Hon. East India Company, in
whose army he bore the rank of Major General. As a friend warm
and sincere the remembrance of his attachments will long excite the
purest feelings of regret and admiration.

Arms : In chief two mullets pierced, and a bugle horn stringed
in base.

In memory of Peter Radford Esqr of this city one of the sur-
geons of the Devon and Exeter Hospital who departed this life 17
of April 1815 aged 37 years. Also of his infant son Peter who died
the 8th of May following aged 7 months, -and was buried in the
same grave near this spot.

There are no floor slabs, as the church is paved with tiles.

's Cbapel: tools

Upon an ancient red wall in Magdalen Street may be
observed a shield and an inscription: —

Wynard's Hospital erected mccccxxx
restored mdccclvi.

The armorial bearings upon the shield are argent a
bend azure charged with three mullets of the field.

These are the arms of William Wynard, Recorder of
Exeter in 1404, who founded this " hospital " as a 'habitation
for a priest and twelve poor men.' And here after resigning
his office as Recorder the founder himself passed the end
of his life and was buried in his chapel.

In course of years this property with its endowment
passed into the possession of the Spekes, through the
marriage of Sir John Speke with Joan, daughter of John
Wynard. During the Rebellion the inmates were unpaid
and the chapel and house much injured. In 1654 George
Speke retained the rents, but refused to restore the charity.

6o EXETER CHURCHES.

The Mayor and Corporation sued him in Chancery, and
in 1692 a decree was obtained ordering the Spekes to
restore the land and rebuild the hospital. In the i8th
century the heiress of the Spekes married Lord North*
who sold the hospital and the property belonging to it to
William Kennaway, Esq. He and his successors proved
worthy guardians of the old Recorder's trust ; under their care
the houses were restored, the chapel rebuilt, with" a vault
made underneath it, in which Mr. William Kennaway and
many of his descendants are buried.

The chapel stands on the western side of the quadrangle
round which the almshouses are built. Above it is a turret
containing two bells, surmounted by a vane.

In the entrance to the chapel hangs an old plan of the
buildings as they were in the lyth century.

The interior consists of a nave and chancel. At the west
end of the nave is a stone screen divided by arcading, having
corbelled heads at the end of the mouldings ; within each arch
hangs a shield having an emblem of the Crucifixion on it. On
the north wall are tablets commemorating the Kennaway
family, and in the centre the mural monument of William
Wynard, with three shields of armorial bearings and a Latin
inscription.

On the south wall is a hatchment of the Kennaways. On
the south side of the nave, close to the chancel screen, is a
stoup, and near this the painted " Regalia stand " used for
the maces when the mayor of Exeter pays his annual state
visit to this ancient foundation.

On the memorial to William Wynard is this inscription :
Hsec nova structura retinens habitacula plura
Sit permansura per tempora longa futura
Debilibus simul ac senibus fuit sedificata,
Pauperibus non divitibus domus ista beata
Hanc qui fundavit, donavit perpetuavit
Crimina cum davit sua credimus omnia lavit,
Constructor cujus patriae edecus urbis et hujus
Atq'recordator Wynard, heu ! nomine Willus
Sit domus ista Dei aut base mea non reputetur
Sic baptizttur, sit domus ista Dei.
M. C. junge quater, sit opus hoc X numera ter,
Anno octavo regni regis Henrici sexti
Annoq' Dni 1430.

WYNARD

COURTENAY.

HUNGERFORD.

BEVILLE

SPEKE.

WALROND.

FORTESCUE.

Armorial Bearings, Wynard's Chapel.

WYNARD'S CHAPEL : HOLY TRINITY. 61

The armorial bearings are as follows: — i. Argent on
a bend azure 3 mullets of the field (WYNARD). 2. Argent a
lull passant gules, armed and langued or (BEVILLE). 3. Or,
3 torteaux and a label of three, azure charged with nine
plates (SiR PHILIP COURTENAY, of Powderham). 4. Sabk
two bars argent, in chief 3 plates (HUNGERFORD). 5. Argent
two bars azure, over all an eagle displayed gules (SPEKE). 6.
Argent 3 lulls' heads couped sablet armed and langued ppr.
(WALROND). 7. Azure a bend engrailed argent, cotized or

(FORTESCUE).

Joan Seville was the wife of William Wynard, she is
buried at Luppit beyond Honiton. Elizabeth Hungerford
married Sir Philip Courtenay.

The chancel is divided from the nave by a beautiful
stone screen with one broad arch of Late Perpendicular style,
having clustered shafts, and ornamented with scroll and leaf
carvings. On the west side the arms of the see and the
city of Exeter are painted in the spandrils. The roofs are
waggon shaped, in the chancel the bosses on the beams are
richly painted and gilded. Behind the altar the east wall
is decorated with fresco designs of grapes, corn, and a
pelican in her piety. A tiled dado lines the walls north
and south, into which are inserted tiles bearing the names
of the Kennaways. The windows are memorials to members
of that family. On the north side is the doorway leading
to the vault in which they are buried, a light, quiet
crypt, with little suggestion of those terrors usually imagined
in connection with such resting places of the dead, but
more like the chapel crypt of some Italian church where
rest the relics of a saint.

The most important modern monument is that of George
Glass Kennaway, placed upon the north side of the chancel
floor. It is a large brass upon which he is represented in
his master's gown holding a model of Wynard's chapel in
one hand and a plan of the estate in the other. At the
four corners are the emblems of the Evangelists, above his
head are two coats of arms, and one at his feet. It is
inscribed : —

Here lieth George Glass Kennaway, of Christchurch, Oxon.
Eldest son of Mark Kennaway of Hoopern Esqr., by Harriet Codrington
second daughter of George Daniel of this city. A cheerful restorer of

62 EXETER CHURCHES.

this ancient chapel and Gods House, a liberal benefactor to the pries
and the poor. He deceased Dec. xxxi mdccclxvii in the xlvi year of
his age.

Arms: i. A fess between two eagles displayed in chief t
in base through an annulet a slip of olive and another of palm in
saltire (KENNAWAY). 2. A pale lozengy (DANIEL). 3. Two
wolves.

Besides this there are six other tablets commemorating
members of the Kennaway family.

Sacred to filial duty and affection, here rests Frances Kennaway
between those parents whose lives she prolonged and made happy
perhaps at the expense of her own. She died February nth 1795
aged 39 years.

In the vault beneath are deposited the remains of William
Kennaway who became possessed of the lands and houses with which
this hospital is endowed in 1789. He died Jan. i8th 1793 aged 74
years and 6 months. His eldest son caused this marble to be placed
to the memory of his excellent father.

This tablet is surmounted with the arms of Kennaway,
much obliterated.

Argent a fess az\ bet: 2 eagles displayed in chief and an
annulet in base gules, through the last a slip of olive and' another
of palm in saltire proper.

To the memory of William Kennaway ; born the I9th of March
1789 died 30 April 1793. The sweetness of his disposition ard a
capacity superior to his age made him the delight and hope of his
family and peculiarly qualified him for that happiness to which he
was so early called.

Of such is the Kingdom of Heaven.

Underneath rest the mortal remains of William Kennaway Esqr
who was born the i6th of November 1751 and died the 26th December
1819.

From his earliest years to the close of a long life he cultivated
the high gifts of a rare understanding and a refined taste, whilst
active benevolence evinced the excellence of his heart and the
remembrance of his Creator and Redeemer from the days of his
youth blessed him in death with a Christian hope beyond the grave.

This marble is raised over all that was mortal of Harriet
Codrington wife of Mark Kennaway and second daughter of George
Daniel M.D. She departed the 28th August 1861.

At midnight there was a cry, behold the bridegroom cometh
go ye out to meet him.

A tribute of grateful hearts for sorrows dispelled and pleasures
enhanced, by the never ceasing affection and bright Christian example

ST. JAMES. 63

of her who in the relations of daughter wife and mother diffused
happiness and concentrated love.

This monument has on it a marble relief representing
the call of Christ to his servant, and it also bears the arms
of Kennaway impaling Daniel.

BRASS.

To the Glory of God, and in loving memory of Lawrence James
Kennaway for many years acting patron of this hospital, who departed
this life July 7th 1904 aged 70.

Blessed are the merciful for they shall obtain mercy.

With veneration for the piety of a fondly endeared husband
and parent this tablet is consecrated to the memory -of Thomas
Kennaway by his widow and surviving children. He died the 28th
December 1820 aged 57 years.

That is not lost which the Lord hath taken and which the Lord
at his coming shall restore.

To mingle (as she desired) her own with his cherished dust here
also rest the remains of his widow Anna Couch daughter and co-heiress
of Thomas Glass Esqr. The died 28 Feb. 1849 aged 85.

Arms : (KENNAWAY) impaling afleur de lys between 3 mullets.

In the tiled dado of the sanctuary are-memorial inscriptions
commemorating

Elizabeth Kennaway d. 1805 aged 6.
Thomas Mark Kennaway d. 1845 aged 15.
Richard Kennaway d. 1807 aged 17.
Thomas Kennaway d. 1811 aged 19.

They were the children of Mark Kennaway and his
wife Harriet.

" God's House," to give it the beautiful name bestowed
by its ancient founder, is in the Parish of Holy Trinity,
and is now served by the Rector of that church.

St. James.

In this parish we reach a new Exeter unknown to our
forefathers, which has sprung up in the nineteenth century far
beyond the limits of the old gates and walls.

The parish of St. James was formed into an ecclesiastical
parish from St. Sidwell's September 4th, 1838, the first
church having been built as a chapel of ease for St. Sidwell's
in 1836. It seems to have been an erection in the church-
warden gothic style of that time, and was removed and the

64 EXETER CHURCHES.

church wholly rebuilt in the " eighties," resulting in a hand-
some modern church built from designs by Mr. (now the
Revd.) R. Medley Fulford. The corner stone at the south
side of the porch is inscribed : —

All glory to God

The first stone

of this church in its enlarged form

was laid July 27th 1880
41 years after its original foundation.

The building is of local red stone with freestone dress-
ings. At the west end is a bell turret surmounted with a
small spire. A handsome triple west porch makes an effec-
tive entrance. Within are nave, north and south aisles,
chancel and side chapel, and a gallery across the west end.
There are four pointed arches down each side with polished
red granite columns, having simple freestone capitals. Above
these is a clerestory with stone carved brackets supporting
the very lofty roof, and angels holding shields along the
wall plate. The roof of the nave is waggon shaped, those
of the aisles lean-to, spanned by flying buttresses support-
ing the nave.

The font is octagonal modern gothic, with a carved oak
cover. There is a carved oak eagle lectern. The pulpit
attracts attention at once : it is so utterly unlike anything
one expects to find here. It was given by the Dean and
Chapter of the Cathedral to this church, which is in their
gift, as is the church of St. Sidwell, from which parish it
is formed.

It is a very beautiful piece of wood-carving, with figures
of the four evangelists on the panels, and wreaths of fruit
and flowers above them, in the style of Grinling Gibbons,
if indeed they be not his work. Jenkins describes the pulpit
that formerly stood in the nave of the Cathedral as of this
type, and says that it was entirely the work of Grinling
Gibbons. The figures of the evangelists, as I have said
elsewhere,^ resemble those on other pulpits in the diocese,
but the beautiful wreaths of foliage are only to be found
here. In one account of the pulpit it is said to have been
taken from a Spanish ship in Queen Elizabeth's reign — the
Armada has been made accountable for many unlikely

* See ante St. David's.

Pulpit in St. James' Church.

St. Anne's Chapel.

THE CHAPEL OF ST. ANNE. 65

pieces' of work in Devonshire churches, and we may be
sure that this pulpit never saw the light in the fifteenth
century.

A wrought iron screen crosses the chancel. The choir
stalls are carved work commemorating the jubilee of Queen
Victoria, with her crown and initials on one side, and on
the other indicating their dedication to the King of Kings.
The reredos is of carved wood, with a lofty canopied niche
above the cross and marble panel let in on either side
bearing carvings of saints and angels.

The organ stands on the north side of the chancel ; at
the south is a side chapel with a second altar. In the
window above this are figures of SS. George and Nicholas,
by Drake, of Exeter, and a brass commemorating
members of the Harding family. Another window, repre-
senting Our Lord blessing the children, is in memory of a
younger son of the Revd. F. R. Hodgson, formerly arch-
deacon of Zanzibar ; the other, shewing Our Lady and
Simeon, is a thankoffering from Mrs. E. A. Sanders, of
Stoke House, for the long and useful life of her late hus-
band. The lectern already alluded to was also her gift.

The original design of the church includes a handsome
tower and south-west porch, the present western entrance
being then modified into a baptistery. The present bell
turret was an after-thought when it was found that the
funds were not sufficient for the completion of the original
design.

Cbapei of St. Bnne.

IN ST. ANNE'S ALMSHOUSES.

This interesting little chapel has a card hanging within
it upon which is the following account of the almshouses
for eight poor women at the top of Sidwell Street : —

" The date of the original foundation of this religious house is
unknown ; but the present chapel was erected (" de novo con-
structo") in the year 1418.

"It was formerly a house for a hermit, but was made into an
almshouse for eight poor people by the brothers Oliver and George
Mainwaring in the year 1561. Later it received benefactions in the
years 1576 and 1617.

F

66 EXETER CHURCHES.

" The place was used as a fortified post during the siege of the
city by the Parliamentary forces under Fairfax in the year 1646 and
was much injured.

"St. Anne's Day, July 26th, has been observed here from time
immemorial.

" The chapel is served by the clergy of St. James, and the house
is in the gift of the Dean arid Chapter.

E. V. FREEMAN,

Rector of St. James."

The above notes sum up most of what is to be said
about this tiny chapel, which shows many traces of former
decorative care. The roof is cradle, ornamented with
bosses carved with heads ; on either side of the altar are
canopied niches for statues; upon the north wall is a
stone bracket, at the south side the piscina. The chapel
was formerly considerably longer, its west window appear-
ing in the wall of one of the present dwelling houses.

Plans have now been adopted for the restoration of
this chapel to its former dimensions, and for the re-
building of the almshouses.

St. Sobn.

In the absence of any authority for the dedication of
this church, it is, I believe, usually attributed to S. John
the Evangelist. It should, however, be remembered that
this is a rare ancient dedication, and that it is more pro-
bable that this church, which was founded at least in the
nth century, was more likely to have had the commoner
popular dedication to S. John the Baptist.

It is now the parish church of the " united parishes of
St. John and St. George," the latter church having been
pulled down during the last century. The two churches
have always shared a common history. In the middle
ages both were appropriated to Plympton Priory ; the
Priors' town residence being in South Street on the site
of the Black Lion Inn. After the Reformation the churches
were held together under the same incumbent, much in
the same way that the parishes are now united, only that
St. George's Church was the more important of the two.
In 1814 this was made a rectory, and continued to be one

ST. JOHN. 67

until its demolition in 1843. The excuse of "street im-
provements " has always been the reason assigned by the
city for the removal of her ancient buildings; and it was
for this purpose that the Commissioners of Improvement
approached the Revd. John Kingdon Cleeve with regard to
alterations of St. George's Church. He refused to allow
anything to be done unless the Commissioners would grant
him a foot of land behind the building for every foot
removed in front. These terms were rejected, and Dr. Cleeve
declared that as long as he lived the church should not be
touched. He died in 1842, and St. George's Church was
taken down in 1843. The site in South Street is pre-
served, neatly kept as a garden, with a board placed there
recording the name and history of the church and some
interesting parochial details. The grave stones that line
the path still preserve the names of the dead that lie beneath
them. Upon one is the following epitaph: —

Here lyeth the body of
Thomas Gist of this pa-
rish Fuller who departed
this life the 2oth January

1671.

T homas could not believe, but when he spyed
H is Saviour's wounds, My Lord and God he cry'd !
O h Faith wer't not for thee heavens endless joys
M ight be esteemed no more than childish toys,
A nd he whose body here in hope doth rest
S hould not in heaven be a welcome guest.

Like the church of St. Stephen, St. John's was originally
built over an arch, locally termed John's Bow, across the
side street, upon which stood the chancel. Street improve-
ments were again alleged as necessary here, the Bow was
inspected, declared to be unsafe, and the Rural Dean
asserted that any money spent upon repairs would be
wasted. It was then taken down, with the chancel upon
it, a wall was built across the east end of the church, and
a window placed in it. This alteration no doubt destroyed
whatever appearance of an ecclesiastical building the church
may have possessed. At present the only part of the
structure which suggests a church is the embattled tower,
with its turret rising above the battlements on the east
side. The entrance is through a door in the north wall,

68 EXETER CHURCHES.

the vestry and the tower door being level with the street,
the church itself upstairs.

Within, ecclesiastical features are conspicuous by their
absence. The building is rectangular, with a sanctuary at
the east end, galleries south and west ; the font octagonal,
modern gothic in style, buried among the pews. On the
south side of the sanctuary is the organ, on the north the
pulpit ; this has been considerably lowered of late years.
It used to be immensely high to enable the preacher to
observe his congregation in the galleries. These were built
in 1843 to accommodate the increased congregation due to
the demolishing of St. George's Church. They are now,
I am told, seldom occupied. The altar is a Jacobean oak
table, which has been enlarged for greater convenience,
fitted with an embroidered frontal, decorated with a brass
cross and flowers, showing that care is bestowed upon the
sanctuary of a church which in appearance must be the
despair of any incumbent.

Near the pulpit a door leads into the belfry ; there are
six bells, five of which were brought from St. George's.
The first belongs to St. John's, and is inscribed: —

T. Mears, of London. This bell was added to the peal of the
united parishes of St. John and St. George at the rebuilding of the
church in 1843. John Collins, Wm. Davey, Wardens.

The others came from St. George, and bear the
following inscriptions :—

(2) Glory be to God on high, 1740.

(3) Peace on earth. T.W. 1740.

(4) Good will towards men, 1740. T. Wroth cast us all.

(5) Fear God honnour the King. T.W. 1740.

(6) Revd. Thomas Billington minister. Richard Takill, Nath. Cross,
wardens. To means of grace to life I call, the news of death I bring
to all. W. Wroth fecit. 1740.

In April, 1740, a license was obtained from the Bishop
for casting the three old bells of St. George's into five,
the tenor being then broken. These bells are usually
chimed with a carillon, but they were all put into order,
and a peal rung upon them in October, 1906, the first
time that they had been rung for many years, on the
occasion of the Mayor of Exeter attending the church in state.

In the gallery are the Royal arms of Charles II.
brought from St. George. They suggest an interesting

Monument of Sir Benjamin Oliver, St. John's.

ST. JOHN. 69

memory of Exeter church history, for who can fail to
suppose that they were put into the church with a sense
of loyal gratitude for the Restoration, when the church
having been sold by the Commonwealth returned again to
its parochial dignities. The Royal arms that actually
belong to St. John's are placed at the top of the stairs as
one ascends into the church.

A great many boards with records of parochial chari-
ties are also placed against the gallery walls. Upon one
of these it is noted that Mr. Thomas Potter gave two
silver flagons to be used at the communion- table on
December 8th, 1694.

Of the many large and imposing lyth century monu-
ments that are placed against the church walls, several
came from St. George's Church. But the one that is re-
garded by the parishioners as of the greatest importance
and interest belongs to St. John. It is that of Sir
Benjamin Oliver, who was knighted by Charles II. in 1671.

On the occasion of my last visit to the church an
extremely pleasant small boy who came with the keys,
was not content until I had seen it, lamented greatly that
it was now hidden by the organ, and expressed his opinion
that if photographed and put on a picture post card every
one would want to buy it !

After all the organ does not obscure its interests very
much, though perhaps Sir Benjamin Oliver would share
the opinion of his twentieth century ad'mirer. It is one of
the large quasi-classical monuments of its date : —

In memory of

Sir Benjamin Oliver of this City

Who had the honnour of being knighted in

the year of his Maioralty by King Charles II

in his Majestys passage from London to Plymouth

June 23rd 1671

Who departed this life in the 7ist year of his
age. Nov. 2nd 1672.

Also of Jane his wife aged 66 who dyed July the 7th 1670 after
they had lived together in a sober profession of religion and dear
affection 44 years.

Also of Benjamin and Jane their grandchildren : ye later died
March 6th 1667 aged 3 years and 5 mo : the other died the 26th
cf December 1668 aged 6 years and halfe.

Arms: Ermine, on a chief argent 3 lions rampant azure.

yo EXETER CHURCHES.

This is the coat of Oliver, it is impaled on a large shield
at the top of the monument with a coat that is quite
obliterated ; and the two are repeated on either side ; both
very obscure.

On the west wall under the gallery is a tablet with the
names of Mr. William Chilcote, who was Rector of St.
George and the author of a small devotional treatise on
" Evil Thoughts." It was the publication of this book
which no doubt is referred to in the Greek inscription at
the end of the epitaph. The monument was first erected
to his daughter, and is surmounted by armorial bearings
which have become almost obliterated.

M.S.

Catharinse Filiae Gulielmi

Chilcot clerici ob xiv

Cal. aug. mdcxcv
Nee non

ipsius Gulielmi Chilcot A.M. hujus
Ecclesias post nullum memoranda
Rectoris qui post annos vitae
mortalis 48 revera caepit vi-
vere 300 die Maii A.D. 1711
'AiroQavwv In XoXetrai

In addition to the memorials already quoted are the
following : —

Sacred to the memory of Francis Gylett Esqr, late Major of the
2nd Somerset militia and Capt in H.M. 56th Regt, sharing its various
fortunes for 20 years, beginning with the ever memorable siege of
Gibraltar under Gen. Elliott. Ob 16 Dec 1835 act 76, and his remains
are deposited in this church. Also of Margaretta his beloved wife
Ob 8th April act 90. Her remains are deposited in St. Johns Paddington.

M.S. Chester Henrici Macmullen, scholae Exoniensis alumni,
Stephani Macmullen M.D. de Bridgewater in Comitatu Somerset filii
natu maximi moribus egregiis ingenioque praestantissimo juvenis
quern optimarum artium doctrinaeque appetentissimum abstulit mors
immatura die 18 Novembris 1824, ano set 15. Quis desiderio sit
pudor, aut modus tarn chari capitis ?

Sacred to the memory of John Powning of this city, born June
6th, 1765, died July i6th 1832.

Also of Ann wife of the above born Oct. 17 1770, died Sept 12 1839.

Sacred to the memory of William Newcombe Esqr of London
and Trerithick in the county of Cornwall. Born 10 October 1757
died 7 July 1829. Beloved in life, lamented in death.

ST. JOHN. 71

Beneath this tablet lie the remains of Elizabeth wife of Mr.
George Reeves of this parish, who departed this life April 2nd 1825
aged 57.

Near this stone lieth the body of Richard Vivian of this city of
Exeter merchant, who by his charity to the poor, and his affability
and benevolence towards all mankind justly gained the esteem of
everyone who knew him, and died universally lamented 20 March 1740
aged 64.

Near the same place lie also four of his sons Richard, Nathaniel,
William and John, who all died in one month (viz. the month of
Sept. 1729) and also two others of his sons called William and
Sydenham, who were both born and buried since in the same grave.

Arms : Or, a chevron sable charged with 3 annulets of the
field, between 3 lions heads erased of the second, impaling or, a
saltire sable charged with 5 crescents of the ist.

In memory of Thomas Baron Esqr, sometime Mayor of this city,
who was a lover of justice, charity and hospitality a promoter of trade,
and well affected to the church and state. He died Feb. 17 1708,
.»ged 80. Mary wife of the said Thomas Baron died January loth 1698.
Mr William Elston of this city married Iseat (sic) their daughter and
died Nov. i5th 1703, whose relict erected this monument.

This monument, which with that of Mr. Vivian came
from St. George's Church, is kept in good order, as a sum
of money was left to be appropriated to its repair. But it
is a great pity that the armorial bearings are not repainted,
as they are becoming almost indistinguishable. They show
on the top : Gules, fretty argent, on a chevron azure 3 garbs or.
The arms impaled with these are practically obliterated.
At the base have been the arms of ELSTON impaled with
BARON, of these the former have disappeared ; Burke gives
the arms of Elston as Gules, a saltire between four escallops
.argent.

Sacred to the revered memory of Joseph Ratcliffe a sincere
humble Christian, the most tender and affectionate father, who departed
this life February ix. mdcccxlv.

Also of Margeria Anne his beloved wife, who died May xxii.
mdcccxxii, aged xlvii years.
Sorrow not even as others that have no hope. I Thess iv 13, 14.

This last tablet, placed high above the tower door, is
one of the most interesting in the church, giving as it
does so much insight into the condition of church affairs in the
beginning of the nineteenth century, and commemorating
a man who was evidently most energetic in his endeavours

72 EXETER CHURCHES.

to increase the services, and also to add as much as possible
to the stipend of the incumbents of the church.

In memory of Samuel Gumming Collins Rector of this parish who
died Oct. 3rd 1822 aged 70, who lies buried adjoining this arch. He
obtained the presentation of this rectory from the Lord High Chancellor
Eldon in the month of August 1814. At the time, and beyond memory
of man this parish church had Divine service only in one part of the
day Sunday, but Divine service was restored in this church on both
parts of every Sunday immediately on the presentation of the Rev
Samuel C. Collins and who continued the same regularly, being the
first Rector since John Atkins in the reign of Charles the second when
the Right Reverend John Gauden was Bishop of Exeter in the year
1661. This church having been held ever since that time by seques-
tration under the Lord Bishop of this diocese. In the year 1817 Samuel
C. Collins obtained by his own exertions a Parliamentary grant of
^1200 the interest of which is for the augmentation of the stipend of the
Rector of this parish for ever. Also a grant of £200 from Mr.
Marshalls charity of Christ Church London for the augmentation of
small livings, and also a grant from Queen Anne's Bounty of £300 added
thereto for ever. And prior to this grant in the year 1805 ^600 was
granted from the governors of Queen Anne's Bounty to the minister of
this parish for ever, and with this money was purchased an estate
called New Garden or Smiths Land in the parish of Teignmouth in
the county of Devon, the rent of which is payable to the Rector of
this parish for ever.

Also to the memory of Rebecca widow of the above named Revd
S. C. Collins who died 16 December 1826 aged 74.

The property acquired by this energetic gentleman still
is held by the church.

The Communion plate, combining that of both churches,
is a fine collection, and I am much indebted to the Rector
and to Mr. Linscott, churchwarden, for the opportunity
afforded me for seeing it all thoroughly. The earliest
piece is what experience has led me to look for in Exeter
church plate, a sixteenth century " communion cup," with
a cover having the Tudor rose knob ; it is not an " IONS "
make, but bears a mark somewhat worn and obscure which
seems to be (RD), if so, this stands for Robert Daube
who worked about 1572, which is the approximate date
of all these cups.

A second cup with a cover (it must be remembered that
these covers were intended for use as patens) bears the in-
scription, " This belongs to the parish of St. Johns Above in
Excester, given by the parishioners 1643."

ST. JOHN. 73

The expression " St. Johns above " is curious ; it means
that the church sometimes went by the name " St. Johns
above the bow," and shews that the church always stood in
that peculiar position, " upstairs."

The two flagons are both inscribed " Donum Thomae
Potter paroch. St. Johannis Exon 8 Dec. 1694." The mark, a
crowned I.C. refers to James Chadwick, maker. These are
the flagons given by Thomas Potter mentioned on the board
in the gallery ; they are very large and heavy and quite
plain.

A beautiful alms dish is ornamented with an incised design,
and inscribed, " The gift of Margaret Stabick widow 1679 to
remaine in the parish of St. Johns for ever." Another
alms dish is inscribed, " Richard Gould and John Woosley
Wardens, Purchased by the parish 1810, St. Johns Exon."
There is also a silver gilt spoon for straining the dregs from
the wine inscribed, " St. John Exon 1730."

The cup and paten belonging to St. George both bear the
date 1684, " St. George the martyr in Exon, Richard Mew
Warden."

The flagon was evidently a later possession, as it is
inscribed: — "Exon Oct. xxi mdccxxiv. St. George the
Martyr. Thy Father which seeth in secret himself shall
reward thee openly. Matth. ch. vi. 34." It is of Exeter
make* marked with the castle.

The alms dish records the last rector, Dr. Cleeve, who
struggled so hard to preserve his church. In the centre
is a dove and the sacred monogram, and the inscription
runs : — " St. George the Martyr. J. K. Cleeve, D.D., Rector.
William Youlden, Thomas Hart, wardens, 1829." The
silver spoon is marked with the names of Wm. Pain,
Rt. Hodge, wardens, St. George, Exeter, 1833.

The church chest contains the documents of both
churches ; all these have been scheduled, but yet remain
to be read.

In the parchments of wardens' accounts for the reigns
of Philip and Mary and Elizabeth, there must be an
immense amount of interesting information awaiting the
coming of the leisured and enthusiastic antiquarian who
can devote time to deciphering these ancient documents.

74 EXETER CHURCHES.

Saint Xawrence.

Standing at the very top of the High Street, St. Lawrence's
was the last church within the city walls before the East Gate
was reached. The veneration for the saintly archdeacon of
Rome, who was martyred in the third century, began before
the fifth century and is universal throughout Christendom. At
least one hundred and fifty churches are dedicated to him in
England, and all the world knows the story of his sanctity
and terrible martyrdom.

When, in the reign of King John, Peter de Palerna left
his yearly pennies to the churches of Exeter, the chaplain of
St. Lawrence was made trustee (as we now should say) of the
fund. He was then only called the chaplain, as the
church of St. Lawrence had not then attained to the
dignity of being a parish church. In 1202 it was given
to the Convent of St. Mary de Valle in Normandy, and it
has been thought very possible that the Exeter churches
never got their pennies regularly, but that the money which
should have been paid them went to France. In the reign
of Henry III. the French house surrendered its property
to the Convent of Merton in Surrey, and Bishop Quivil
persuaded the new possessors to resign their right to the
patronage of St. Lawrence's church in favour of St. John's
Hospital in this city. The living, which is a rectory, is
now in the gift of the Bishop of Exeter.

Externally the little church is more ornamental than
many in Exeter. Its south wall is embattled, and at the
west end rises an embattled tower, with an ornamental
string course below the parapet table, and four angels at
the corners.

This tower has been considered out of proportion to the
size of the building ; Jenkins quotes what appears to have
been a local Exonian joke of a hundred years ago, of the
country lad paying his first visit to the city, and crying out,
" Zee, mother, what a girt chimbley that there little house
have got."

Close beside the tower is a south porch. This once formed
a conduit which stood at the top of the High Street, with the
date 1590, the arms of Exeter, and a figure of Queen Elizabeth

St. Lawrence's.

ST. LAWRENCE. 75

upon it. In 1694 the conduit was removed, and the materials
used for building this porch at St. Lawrence's, still orna-
mented with the figure of the Maiden Queen.

The external tracery of the windows shows good Perpen-
dicular mullions of old stone work ; within they have been
very much tampered with. The interior is very small,
consisting of a nave and sanctuary, rather than a regular
chancel ; and a recess, scarcely a transept, at the north side,
now holding the organ. The font is Perpendicular in style
and somewhat massive. A correspondent in the Ecclesiologist
for 1842 remarks, " at the west end of this ^church is a
large circular headed recess, serving during service as a
seat ; on a bracket above is deposited a jar, like those in
which dried leaves are kept, this thing, when there is a
Baptism is brought down, set in the recess before mentioned,
and serves as a font."

Such were the customs in our churches some sixty
years ago. A gallery crosses the west end. Below this
may be observed the gaily painted wrought-iron bracket work
used for resting the maces and sword of state on such occasions
when the Mayor attended service in state. The existence
of this regalia stand (they mostly date from the eighteenth
century) shews that an annual state service was probably
the custom, and the Mayor must have been in the habit
of thus attending a yearly service in many of the Exeter
churches. In nearly every case this has been discontinued.

The roof is cradle, with coloured and gilded bosses
carved with faces, knots and foliage. Although many of
these are original old work, they have been augmented of
later times with imitation bosses in gilt plaster. On either
side carved angels carrying shields ornament the wall plates.

Across the east end the nave and sanctuary are divided
by rich carved work of the I5th century, with stalls ; the
carving is very elaborate in design, with clusters of small
heads grouped round each pinnacle, evidently part of a
parclose screen, as the doors remain. It has been said that
this carving originally came from the Cathedral.

The east end is entirely wainscotted with panel in
Jacobean style ; some of the work good oak, some, it must be
confessed, imitation in deal. The date of the best part of
this work, and its evident origin from the Cathedral, is

76 EXETER CHURCHES.

fixed by the arms of Bishop Valentine Gary, which are
to be found on the left side, near the organ. They
shew, Argent, a bend sable charged with three roses of the
field, a mullet for difference." He held the see from 1621
to 1626.

The altar piece is very remarkable, not to say remark-
ably ugly. It is a marble sculpture by Mr. John Bacon, R.A.,
junr. (1777-1859), representing an angel holding a cross
rising from clouds towards a crown. The parishioners are
attached to it, for at the church restoration of some few
years ago they refused to have it placed on the north wall
and its place occupied by a more suitable reredos.

On the south wall, just behind the pulpit, is a small
mural tablet with arms, undated, but of Jacobean style,
commemorating Hugh Vaughan ; it has had four coats of
arms upon it, but these are almost obliterated by frequent
varnishings. The Latin epitaph may be read with patience
after some trouble : —

Optimi integerrimique viri Hugonis
Vaghan armigeri memoriae

Non situs in tumulo Vaghan prudensquae piusq'
Illius in busto portio parva sita est
Exuviae fragiles urna clauduntur in arcta
Pulvereum pulvis terrea terra capit
At fuscas fugiunt tenebras radiantia cceli
Religio et virtus introcere domes (sic)
Francisco Comitis qui dat Bedfordia clarum
Nomen perspecta est intemerata fides
Nee vixisses quater demos Russelia proles
Annos ter fidum dissimulare potest
Quin (?) et Vaghanem ventura fatebiter aetas
Vivere quern soboles tarn numerosa beat.
Arms: i. Gules 3 boars' heads in pile argent (VAUGHAN

OF DEVON). 2. Charge quite obliterated. 3 a lion

rampant. 4. A fess between 3 wyverns' heads erased.

These four coats are placed quarterly on the top of the
monument: i and 4 at each side, 3 is probably at the
base, but it is quite impossible to make it out.*

* Bishop Kestell Cornish, for whom I copied this inscription, tells
me that the will of Hugh Vaughan is dated Dec. 22, 1606, and was
proved the following March, the inference being that he died between
the two dates.

ST. LAWRENCE. 77

The little cemetery in which Hugh Vaughan was
buried behind the church was purchased and given to St.
Lawrence's by the parishioners.

There were three bells in the tower, but in 1780 the
parish had license from the Bishop to sell two of them to
defray the expenses of repairs to the church. The remain-
ing bell is a mediaeval one, cast by Robert Norton, the
Exeter bell founder, who is known to have flourished in
the reign of Henry VI. It bears an imperfect Latin in-
scription, " Mari — istud — sancta — ."

The register dates from 1604.

On the same wall as the tablet to Hugh Vaughan is
another of the i7th century with a Latin inscription: —

Memoriae.

Optimi viri et de re litteraria meritissimi Edward Bradford qui post-
quam per annos 28 Juventuluum Exoniensem in moribus et doctrina
mira, cum felicitata instituerat, quiete et placide terram caelo com-
mutavit July die 18 A.D. 1679 anno aetatis 70.

Putre cadaver habet tumulus quis enim hoc negat atqui

Nil tumulus praater putre cadaver habet

Prisca fides virtus et rare modestia morum

Ars et pietatis te super astra ferunt.

Qui docti fuerint fulgebunt quasi splendor firmament!
et qui ad justitiam erudiunt multos quai stellae in
perpetuas aeternitates. Dan. 12. 3.

There are three other tablets on the walls.

To the memory of Samuel Sprigg Jeffry of this city Esqr who died
iQth March 1782 aged 21. His natural abilities and acquired accom-
plishments and amiable disposition gained him the esteem of all, his
filial affection and duty endeared him to his parents who erected this
monument to testify their affection and soothe their sorrow by this
memorial to his virtues.

Arms: Argent 6 billets 3.2.1. on a chief of the second a
lion passant or armed and langued gules.

To the memory of William Thomas Tucker of this parish eldest
son of J. Tucker who died at Brussels 14 July 1881, aged 31. This
tablet is erected as a tribute of sincere affection by his father and mother.

In affectionate remembrance of Charlotte Lucy Tyssen Everitt
the beloved wife of the Revd William Everitt Rector of this parish,
who died the 3rd day of March 1886 aged 51. This tablet is erected
by parishioners and other friends as a mark of the high esteem in
which she was held by all who knew her, and in memory of her
unceasing energy in the service of her Master.

A servant of the church, a succourer of many.

78 EXETER CHURCHES.

FLOOR SLABS — CHANCEL.

Here lyeth the body of John the son of Mr. Thomas Facey of
this pish who died the i6th October 1684.

Here Iveth the body of Henry Gill of Pastock in Dorset, who
died Jany ye 30th 1676.

Deathe here thy bitter malice thou hast shown
To crop soe faire a flower ere fully blowne
He whose virtuous actions always penned
The perfect copie of a faithful friend
Till envious deathe hath found out such another
Here rests alone a friend a matchless brother.

Here lyeth the body of Elizabeth the wife of Nicholas Pidgeon
of this pish Gent and eldest daughter of Charles Vaughan of Ottery
St Mary in the county of Devon Esqr, who departed this life the
tenth day of June Anno Dom. 1669.

Here lieth the body of Nicholas Pigeon.

The rest of the inscription is covered by the altar step.

NAVE. — (On a lozenge shaped marble let into another
stone).

Underneath lie interred the remains of Frances Elizabeth (daughter
of the Revd. James Shallcross and Frances his wife) who departed
this life June 13 1819 aged one week.

Here are deposited the remains of Anne, the beloved wife of
Richard Grudge Campion of Bedford Circus Attorney at Law, youngest
daughter of Mr Robert Leigh of Bardon in the county of Somerset.

She was married in the i8th year of her age to Montague Bere
Baker Bere of Morebath Esqr, who died suddenly four days after, and
in Jany 1811 to John Burgen Kerslake Esqr of South Molton but within
six weeks she was again a widow.

There survived to deplore her loss with her affectionate husband
Elizabeth and Arthur their children and Mary B. Kerslake the child of
her second marriage She died in the 5ist year of her age after a long
and most painful illness January 25th 1837.

The above named Arthur Campion their only son died a bachelor
the igth of April 1854 and was buried in St. James cemetery at
Highgate Middlesex.

Here lyeth the body of Humphrey Facey of this pish who died ye
nth of May 1716.

Here lieth ye body of William Kelland of ye Close who dyed ye
4th day of June 1668

Also here lyeth ye body of Mr John Pope of this city minister who
died ye 9th day of July 1689.

Here lieth ye body of Wm. the son of the above said Mr John Pope
who dyed ye — day of December 1694.

ST. LEONARD'S. 79

Here lyeth the body of Robert son of Mr. Humphrey Evans of
this parish who deceased the 20 of Sept 1739 aged 8 years.

Here lyeth Mary the wife of Doctor Forrester died March i8th

1730 aged 87.

Here lyeth the body of Humphrey son of the above sd Mr.
Humphrey Evans who died May 17 1753.

Here also lieth the body of Mr Humphrey Evans senr who died
March 1763 aged 70.

Also here Hannah Evans his wife daughter of Forrester

Physician of Sherbourne Dorset. Died Oct loth 1776 (?) aged 76.

Elizabeth the wife of (Eze)kiel Steed who departed .this life the
II August 1679.

Mary his daughter died 2 1679.

Here lieth the body of Thomas Mitchell Merchant of Exeter who
May 13 17— aged 74.

Here lyeth the body of Daniell Harford of this city phisitian son
of Antlionie Harford Divine which said Daniell died the loth day of
March Ano Dom 1602. (?)

Here lyeth the body of William Walrond son of Edmond Walrond
Esqr who dyed — October 1683.

Here lieth the body of Deborath the wife of Robert Dawe of this
city pewterer who departed this life the 27 of May 1671. Also
Elizabeth his second wife who was formerly widow of John Herman
joyner of the pish of St. Stephens who died 10 August 1684.

Elizabeth daughter of Robert Dawe junior who died Aug. 5th 1689^
also the above said Robert Dawe the elder who departed this life
ye — of June 1694 aged 71.

Mary Bryant died 1719.

Elizabeth wife of Robert Dawe the younger died April 3oth

1731 aged 76.

Here lyeth the body of John Davey of this parish who died the
I3th day of July 1691.

Also Mary the relict of John Davy who departed this life March
30 16—

Here lyeth the body of Elizabeth the daughter of John Davy ye
3rd of January 1685, also John his son who died June 10 1709 aged
22 years 3 months.

Saint Xeonarfc's.

In the large suburban parish of St. Leonard's with its
many new streets and rows of modern houses, we look in
vain for any traces of that old suburb, almost a village to-

So EXETER CHURCHES.

itself, outside the city, which is described humorously
enough in the late Mr. R. Dymond's " History of the
suburban parish of St. Leonard, Exeter."

From the illustration of the old church given in this
book we can see that originally St. Leonard's Church was
one of the many small chapels which are scattered all over
the country, many restored, and some (like St. Eloy's at
Heavitree) in ruin.

We have one other dedication to the saint in Devon,
in Saint Leonard's at Newton Abbot, where the old tower
of the original church stands in the centre of the town,
and a new successor has been built a little farther up the
street. Here too it was not the dedication of a principal
church, for Saint Leonard's was a chapel of ease to
Wolborough. The saint chosen as patron of these small
chapels was the godson of Clovis, who quitted court life
for a hermitage in the forests near Limoges.

To find something of the beginnings of St. Leonard's
Church we must get back to the i2th century, when it
was a chapel of ease for the manor of Exminster, which
possessed this property on the eastern side of the Exe.
So completely had the village of St. Leonard's nothing to
do with Exeter, that to reach the mother church of
Exminster the river was crossed by a ford at Matford, a
name preserved in Matford House, which remains the oldest
residence in the parish.

On the top of the hill above the river was the little
chapel of St. Leonard, and at some distance from it, close
to the river, Baldwin de Redvers, Earl of Devon, founded
the Priory of St. James some time between 1138 and 1141.
In the deeds relating to this Priory mention is made of an
" Avis of St. Leonard's " who had land and a mill leat
near the river. The land was to belong to the Priory,
but Avis was to have the right of water for her mill with-
out hindrance. Later on " Stephen of St. Leonard's," a
son of Avis, gave the Priory further land in the same
place, " for the good of his soul and the souls of his
mother Avis, Christian his wife, his father Nigel, and
Adam, his son and heir."

In Bishop Brantyngham's Register for 1381 mention is
made of " Ecclesia Sancte Leonardi juxta Exoniam."

BA Devon & Cornwall notes &

°70 queries

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