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UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM
PUBLICATIONS OF THE BABYLONIAN SECTION

VOL. VII

BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE
HAMMURAPI PERIOD

BY

ARTHUR UNGNAD

PHILADELPHIA

PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM
1915

TO MY TEACHER

FRIEDRICH DELITZSCH

THIS VOLUME GRATEFULLY IS DEDICATED

CONTENTS

PAGE

PREFACE 7

INTRODUCTION 13

OFFICIAL LETTERS 14

PRIVATE LETTERS 23

A NEW INSCRIPTION OF HAMMURAPI 30

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES 34

NAMES OF PERSONS 34

NAMES OF CITIES, GATES, NATIONS, RIVERS, TEMPLES,
ETC 42

NAMES OF GODS 43

LIST OF TABLETS 46

NUMBERS OF THE CATALOGUE 50

CUNEIFORM TEXTS.

AUTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTIONS i

PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTIONS. . xcvii

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PREFACE

The cuneiform texts published in this volume were copied
and autographed during my stay in Philadelphia in the winter
of 1913-1914. Nearly all of them are letters belonging to
the time of the so-called first Babylonian or Hammurapi
dynasty (2225-1926 B. C.).

There are only two (or three) exceptions: the first is an
Assyrian abit sarrim (No. 132), addressed to a certain Ardi-
Gula. This man seems to be identical with Ardi-Gula of the
letter H ( = Harper, Assyrian letters), No. 117, mentioning
Asur-ban-apli and Samas-sum-ukin (I. 5), by which fact the
time of our letter is determined. The other exception is a cone
of King Hammurapi, about 17, 3 cm. high, having an in-
scription as well on the shaft as on the base. Both inscrip-
tions are (as far as they are preserved) identical, though it
may be possible, that the inscription on the base1 was not
quite as long as that on the shaft. This text of King Ham-
murapi, mentioning the building of the (or a) wall of Sippar,
is especially interesting by the fact that it is the only official
inscription before the time of the king's great victory over
Rim-Sin. For a transcription and translation see pp. 30 ff.
A third exception may be the letter No. 29, the writing of

'This seems to have been written in three columns, the third being totally destroyed; the
inscription on the shaft, however, is written in two columns.

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UNIVERSITY MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN SECTION

which might suggest some time at the end of the Hammurapi
dynasty; but as well the word {a-a-nu-um, hitherto never
found in texts of that period, as the mentioning of the city
of Lubdi1, are in favor for a later (Cassite) time. Unfor-
tunately the letter is too badly preserved to settle the ques-
tion definitely.

Most of the letters published in this volume have been
purchased by the Museum from dealers; only the first twenty-
nine texts were found during the excavations of the University
of Pennsylvania in Nippur. The publication of all these texts
had been assigned by the former editor of the Babylonian
Expedition, Dr. H. V. Hilprecht, to Dr. A. T. Clay. But the
latter very kindly ceded his rights to the present writer and
even gave him about twenty copies previously made by him
which could be utilized during the preparation of this work.
I beg to offer my sincerest thanks to Professor A. T. Clay for his
kindness. My thanks are also due to Dr. G. A. Barton, who
gave some old Babylonian letters over to me which had been
assigned to him. In this way practically the whole amount of
old Babylonian letters, preserved in the Museum, could be
included in the present volume2: only those not yet cleaned
and repaired and some assigned to Dr. A. Poebel which could
not be obtained for this collection were not made use of. I
even published those letters which were very badly damaged
as every little piece of information we can get from the classical

1 This city also occurs in the Cassite letter No. 99 (I. 6) of Radau's collection (BE, XVII, i)
who, however, read dluLu-ub-di-sbdki (p. 153) instead of dluLu-up-di Id ki-[ ].

2 Letter No. 37 published by H. Rankein BE, VI, I, No. 32, has been repeated here, especially
as the interesting seal inscription was omitted in the first publication.

"ARTHUR UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAPI PERIOD 9

time of the Babylonian language seems to be worth while
publishing.

The letters bought from dealers came from the same
source as the contracts published by Dr. H. Ranke and Dr.
A. Poebel in BE, VI, i and 2 (second part), i.e., Sippar in North
Babylonia. It is, of course, often very difficult to determine
the place of such a letter by internal evidence only, and it
may even be the case that one or the other of them was picked
up at another tell; but, on the other hand, these letters are
so similar to other letters found at Sippar and so different
from those found at Nippur that we may consider their origin
as fairly certain.

An attempt has been made to give the letters of the two
sections of this volume in historical order. As nearly always
internal evidence is the only guide, such an arrangement can-
not be considered as absolutely correct, though, on the other
hand, the character of the writing and the formulae of the
introduction give some evidence at least for the arrangement.
Quite unique are those few letters which mention the king's
name in the introductory formula, i.e., No. 75, 7f.:

su-lum-ka ma-bar ''"samas ''"marduk u be-li-ia am-mi-di-ta-na \
lu da-ri "may thy welfare be lasting before Samas, Marduk
and my lord Ammiditana,"

and No. 9o,,ol.=9i,9f.:

lti-lum-ka ma-bar ''"samas ''"marduk \ u be-li-ia am-mi-^a-du-ga
| lu da-ri

There are a few other letters the time of which is deter-
mined by a date, namely No. 37 (23d (?) year of Hammurapi)

10 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN SECTION

and No. 89 (i3th or iyth + a year of Ammisaduga). The latter
is especially interesting, because it is expressly called a copy
(mebir, 1. 42) of a letter which was sent by Ibni-Sin and the
judges of Sippar-Amnanum to the king.1 Another letter men-
tioning Hammurapi (No. 83,, 7) is only furnishing us with
a terminus post quern. The oldest letter in the collection is
probably No. i, a case-tablet with remarkable seal impressions.2

The writing of the letters found at Nippur might, at the
first glance, suggest that they are much older than they really
are. But when we compare for instance those four letters
addressed to the same person Luga (No. 5-8) we will find
young and old forms of signs even in the same letter which
fact clearly shows that the old forms are merely artificial ones.
As it is very probable that Agua or Aguia mentioned in No.
9n and io,13 is identical with Agua mentioned in contracts
found at Nippur and dated in the time of Rim-Sin3 and Sam-
suiluna? and that Nanna-salasir, the writer of No. 9 is iden-
tical with the witness in BE, VI, 2, No. 5i,13 (time of Samsui-
luna), it is at least probable that most of the letters found at
Nippur belong to the reigns of Rim-Sin or Hammurapi and
Samsuiluna. More exact dates are unfortunately not obtainable.

As 1 am going to give full transcriptions and translations of

1 There can be little doubt that belu means "king" in this letter. That this belu (belt, belni)
was the official address of the king is shown by quotations given in various letters written by the
kings themselves; cf. BB, 43 (1. 13, bili my \ord = Uammurapi); BB, 49 (I. 10, 14, beli = Hammu-
rapi); BB, 51 (1. 5, bill ' = IJammurapi) ; BB, 63(1. 10 ff. be'.ini ' = Samsuiluna) ; BB, 70(1 10,
belni = AbieluV); BB, 88 (1. 9, belni = Samsuditana) .

1 Cf . the photographic reproduction on pi. XCVII. The case could not be removed
without destroying it. Therefore, the letter was not opened.

3 BE, VI, 2, No. 6, 3.

4 BE, VI, 2, No. 29, 3.

ARTHUR UNGNAD BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAPI PERIOD I I

all these letters in the second part of my "Babylonische Briefe"1
I will only give a few interesting specimens in the introduc-
tion of this volume together with the translation of the remark-
able cone of King Hammurapi.

My thanks are due to the University of Pennsylvania and
especially to Provost Dr. Edgar F. Smith, who enabled me to
spend the winter in Philadelphia, and also to the Director
of the Museum, Dr. George B. Gordon, for his indefatigable
assistance during the preparation of this work.

ARTHUR UNGNAD.

ABBREVIATIONS

BA Beitrdge fur Assyriologie und vergl. sem. Sprachwissen-
scbaft.

BB A. Ungnad, Babyloniscbe Briefe aus der Zeit der Ham-
murapi-Dynastie, Leipzig, 1914.

BE Babylonian Expedition of the University of Pennsyl-
vania.

CT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the Brit-
ish Museum.
OLZ Orientalistische Liter atur^eitung.

1 A. Ungnad, Babylonische Briefe aus cer Zeit der rJammurapi-Dynastie (Vorderasiatische
Bibliothek), Leipzig, 1914. The second part is finished in manuscript.

<f

INTRODUCTION

The letters published in this volume may be divided into
official and private letters. Official letters are those which
are either written by or to a king or high official. There are
no letters in our collection written by any king of the Ham-
murapi dynasty, but there are several official letters which may
be considered as addressed to a king. As we mentioned in
the Preface,1 the usual address to the king is simply belu (ana
beliia); but from this fact we are not allowed to infer that
every letter having the formula ana beliia is addressed to a
king. When we consider letters like BB No. 235, which is
addressed ana beliia, we certainly do not get the impression
that the addressee is the king. There are furthermore a good
many letters written by women ana beliia: in this case it is
very probable that belu simply means the husband.2 In most
of the cases, it is therefore quite impossible to say whether
a letter addressed ana beliia is written to the king or another
high official. Only the contents may give some information
in one or the other direction.

'Cf. p. 10, n:te i.

'Cf. BB, No. 113, 114, 115.

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14 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM BABYLONIAN SECTION

OFFICIAL LETTERS

A good specimen of this class is No. 89 of our collection
dated in the time of King Ammisaduga.1 It is written by a
certain Ibni-[. . .] and the judges of Sippar-Amnanum. As
several of the letters of King Ammisaduga are addressed to a
certain Ibni-Sin, a high official of Sippar2, it is very probable
that the name broken in our letter has to be supplied as Ibni-
[Sin]. The letter is unfortunately damaged, but we can recognize
that it is concerned with a reproach of the king to the high
officials of Sippar for not having given certain taxes to a tax
collector3 of Babylon sent by the king. As we mentioned
before, the letter is no original but a copy that had been pre-
served in the archives of Sippar. It runs as follows.

. (i. No. 8g)4

O. a-na be- l[i- ni]

ki- bi- [ma]

um-ma ib- ni- '[lusin]

u daianu[meS si]pparkl am-na-nu-u[m-ma]
5. aS-sum sa be-el-ni is-pu-ra-an-ni-a-s[i-i]m
um-ma be-el-ni-ma

ki-ma a-na mi-ik-si ma-ka-si ta-ap-ri-ka-ma
a-di i-na-an-na mi-ik-su la [i]m-ma-ak-su
makis bab-iliki \d-[...}..
10. a-na mi-nim ta-[ap-ri-ka-m]a

1 Cf. Preface, p. 10.

1 BB, 83-85, 87.

1 ZAG.tfA = makisu: Thureau-Dangin, RA VII, p. 185.

4 Cf. the photographic reproduction on pi. C.

ARTHUR UNGNAD— BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAPI PERIOD IJ

mi-ik-su a-di i-na-an-na [la im-ma-ki-is]

[m]akis bab-iliki[

(about 20 lines missing)
R. im-ma- a[k-ka-as]

an-ni-tam nu-u&-[

35. ma-la i-na e-sag-ila ma-har ilumarduk [

'gi-mil- ilumarduk DUB.SAR.ZAG.GA1 sa a-na ib-[ni-

ilu ^ • v v * i i

sin is-sa]-ak-nu

a-na tup-sar-ru-tim u-te-ir-ma a-na E.DUB.BA i[-ru-u]b
ki-ma be-el-ni is-pu-ra-an-[ni-a-si-im]
makis bab-ilikl mi-ik-sa a-h[a..] i-n[a... J]«

40. uk- ti-in-nu . . . .[

a-na se-me-e be-li-ni ni-i[s-pu-ra-am]

me-hi-ir tup-pi s[d

§a as-sum makis. .[

U.E. warabtebetu u[m

45. mu am-mi-za-du-g[a lugal-e]
uruduki.lugal-g[ub }2 .

TRANSLATION

1 To [our] lord 2 speak: 3 thus (say) Ibni-[Sin] 4 and the
judges of Sippar-Amnanum : 6 as to what our lord wrote unto
us, 6our lord (saying) as follows: 9 The tax collector of
Babylon has [reported], 7 that ye have acted unlawfully with
regard to the paying of the taxes, so that, 8 up to the present
time, the taxes have not been paid! IOWhy have ye [acted
unlawfully, so] that nthe taxes, up to the present time, [have

not been paid]? 12The tax collector of Babylon [

(about 20 lines missing)

1 Cf. Thurjau Dangin, Lettres el Controls 152.

•Supply either [ni-maft-a] or [ib-dirig-ga]; in the first case it would be the I3th year, in the
latter a year after the i6th (v. A. Ungnad, BA VI 3, p. 14).

l6 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN SECTION

] 33 shall be paid. 34 This matter we have [ ].

35Whatever [has been delivered] in Esagila before the god Mar-
duk, 36 has Gimil-Marduk, the clerk, who had been appointed
to Ib[ni-Sin], " written down, and then he [has entered into the
archives. 38 According to what our lord has written unto
[us], 39 the tax collector of Babylon has [collected] the taxes

...[...]. 40 They have proved (it) ....[ ]. 41 In order

that our lord might hear it, we are writing (this letter).

42 Copy of a letter [ ] 43 which in regard to the

tax collector. . [ ]

44Tebetu, the [...th], 46 year in which [King] Ammi-
saduga 46 [set up] a kingly monument made of brass [ ]

Another letter sent by Ibni-Sin and the judges of Sippar
is No. 1 02 which is unfortunately badly preserved and care-
lessly written, many signs and even whole lines (26, 27) being
erased. This fact shows that this letter, too, is not the original
sent ana belini,1 but a rough draft from which the official letter
was copied. This draft was then preserved in the archives
of Sippar. The letter runs as follows.

(2. No. IO2)2

O. a-na be- li- ni

ki- bf- ma

um-ma ib-ni- sin
u daianume'-ma

5. i-nu-ma be-el-ni i-na sipparkl wa-as-bu
wa-ar-ka-tum ip-pa-ar-ra-as-ma
i-na sa-al-ma-ti be-el-ni at-ta tu-sa-si-a-an-ni-a-ti

1 There can be little doubt that here the belu is King stmmisaduga.
*Cf. the photographic reproduction on pi. C II.

ARTHUR UNGNAD BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAPI PERIOD 1 7

i-na-an-na it-ti puhadizun sa ekallim
puhadizun ni-na-ad-di-m
10. wa-ar-ka-tum ip-pa-ar-ra-as'-ma
i-na sa-al-ma-ti nu-us-si
is-tu i-na tup-pi sar-ri-im

'ilu-sd-ib-fni i-na sip]parimki

it-ti. .[

(about 10 lines missing)

R. um-ma [

26. ma-an-nu1 [

an2,

a-wa-at ni-ga-ab-bu-su-nu-si-im u-ul i-se-im-mu-u
sum-ma ag-ga-li u "daltum sa ni.. ad-da-ma

30. 3 *un ma . . . . ti-ni na-da-nim

ni-ga- bi- su- nu-si-im-ma
u-ul z[w-ta-ag]-ga-ru-ni-a-ti
'ilu-su-fib-ni. . . .] i..mu i-na pf-ha-at

a-na li-\a [ ]. . bi

3 5 . e-si-ka [ ] se

u is-[

a-na [

L.E. [ }-im u-sa-si u be-li at-ta ti-di

[i-n]a-an-na ab. .la-a si-it-ti to-tum

[....] £-si-ti ti-di ni-a-ti-im-ma . . . . ta-\a-a[k-k]u

TRANSLATION

1 To our lord 2 speak: 3 thus (say) Ibni-Sin 4 and the
judges : b When our lord stayed at Sippar 6 the matter used

1 an and nu are erased

2 All the signs after an are erased.

' The beginning of the line is erased.

l8 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN SECTION

to be inquired into, and 7 safely thou, our lord, hast delivered
us. 8 Now 9 we want to give lambs 8 together with the lambs
of the palace. 10 The matter will be inquired into and u safely
we shall be delivered. 12 After, by royal letter, 13 Ilusu-

ib[ni

(about 10 lines missing)

] 28 the word which we say to them they do not hear. . . .

(the rest is nearly quite unintelligible)

Several letters the envelop of which probably had the
address ana beliia have no introduction at all. One of the
most interesting texts of this kind is No. 119, bringing a law-
case of a certain Isme-Adad against his brother Muhaddum
before the king. The writer is not mentioned in the text:
probably he was a high official (sdpiru?) at the place where
the wronged man was living. The letter runs as follows.

(3. No. iiQ)1

O. ris-me- iluadad mar ig-mil-ilusin wa[rad-ka]
ki-a-am ik-bi-a-am um-ma su-[ma]
I rtsamtam libbi sa bit a-bi-ia
a-na-ku u ah-hu-ia

5. a-na kaspim a-na tamkarim ni-id-di-in-ma
[kas]ap-sa ni-il-ki-e
rtsamtam su-a-ti it-ti tamkarim
a-na-ku ap-tu-u[r-s]i-m[a]
ka-ni-ik-sa na-si-[a-ku]
10. is-tu sattim Xklaml

rfiiamtum si-i ma-ah-ri-ia [wa-ds-ba-at]
ah-hu-ia u-ul ib-ku-r[u-si]

1 Cf. the photographic reproduction on pi. CII.

ARTHUR UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAPI PERIOD IQ

i-na-an-na mu-ha-ad-du-um [a-hi]

'"amtam su-a-ti a-sar [sd-ni-im-ma]
15. il- te- [ki]
R. ki-a-am ik-bi-[a-am]

'is-me-'^adad [su-u]

a-na ma-har be-Ii-ia it-t[a-al-kam]

be-li sa-ap-ti-su I[i-is-me]
20. ka-ni-ka-ti-su li-m[u-ur]

i-na mu-uh-hi mu-ha-ad-d[u-um]

li-is -s[i- ma]

r"amtam li-te-ir-ru-n[i-is-sum]

'is-me- lluadad wara[d-ka]
25. ma-har llusamas a-na be-li-[i]a

li- ik -ru- ub

be-li at-ta i-na su-ul-mi u ba-la-ti

a-na bab-ilik' ir-ba-am-ma

bu-nu nam-ru-tum sa llumarduk ra-i-mi-ka
30. u lluadad ba-ni-ka li-im-hu-ru-ka

TRANSLATION

1 Isme-Adad, son of Igmil-Sin, [thy] servant, 2 has spoken
to me as follows: thus he (has said): 3 "One female slave
belonging to those of my father's house 4 I and my brothers
6 had given to a merchant for silver. 6 Silver for her we had
received. 7 That slave from the merchant 8 I myself had
released [and] 9a sealed document concerning her [I have]
taken. 10 For ten years n that slave [is living] at my house:
12 my brothers did not claim her. 13 Now, Muhaddum, [a
brother of mine], I5 has taken 14 that slave [at another] place
16 for himself."

16Thus he has spoken to me. 17 [That man] Isme-Adad

20 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN SECTION

18 is now coming into the presence of my lord. 19 My lord
may hear it from his own lips ; 20 his sealed documents he may
look at. 21 Against Muhaddum l2 he may give orders [that]
23 they shall give back the slave to him (i.e., Isme-Adad).

24 Isme-Adad, thy servant, 26 may pray 25 before Samas
for the sake of my lord! 2V My lord, in welfare and health
28 enter into the city of Babylon, and then 29 may the splen-
did revelation of Marduk who loves thee 30 and of Adad, who
has created thee, give their benedictions unto thee!

Other letters addressed ana beliia are Nos. 63, 78, 103,
104, and probably the mutilated texts Nos. 29, 30, 62, 72, 130.
Some others having no introduction (Nos. 82, 83, 84, 88, 123,
129) probably had the address ana beliia on the envelop.

Another kind of official letters are those addressed ana
sapiriia "to my governor." The position of such a sapiru
may best be understood from the text BB, 238 ( = CT, IV, i, 2).
In our collection only the badly preserved text No. 70 has the
address ana sapiriia.

Some of the letters addressed ana awelim may be classed
under the heading "official letters" (Nos. 66, 68, 69, 75, 76, 77(?),
90-96, 98-101, 1 1 1 (?)), though it is quite certain that awelu
simply is an honorific title like Sir, Esquire or German "Hoch-
wohlgeboren." As an example we may give No. 90.

(4. No. 9O)1

O. a-na a-we-lim

ki- bi- ma

um-ma llusin-na-di-i[n-a]h-hi-ma
ilusamas ti ilumarduk da-ri-is umimi

1 Cf. the photographic reproduction on pi. C.

ARTHUR UNGNAD BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAPI PERIOD 21

5. li-ba-al-li-tu-ka

lu sa-al-ma-ta lu ba-al-ta-ta
ilum na-si-ir-ka ri-es-ka a-na da-mi-ik-tim
li- ki- il

a-na su-ul-mi-ka as-pu-ra-am
10. su-Ium-ka ma-har llusamas llumarduk
u be-li-ia am-mi-za-du-ga
lu da- ri

as-sum di-ib-ba-at llusin-ri-me-ni
u ib-ni- '"'adad a-hi-su
15. sa i-na sipparkl ia-ah-ru-rum
a- mu- ru- ma

ka-ni-ik ri-ik-sa-tim u-se-zi-bu-su-nu-ti
ku-nu-uk sange llusamas sange llua-a
Lo.E. u ku-nu-uk- ka-ti-ku-nu

20. ta- ak- nu- ka
R. ka-ni-ik ri-ik-sa-ti si-na-ti

llusin-ri-me-ni su-u na-si
ki-ma llusin-ri-me-ni su-u
a-na si-im-ti-su il-li-ku
25. Tib-ni- lluadad a-hu-su

a-na bit llusin-ri-me-ni ur-ta-ag-gi
§a ku-nu-uk sange llusamas sange llua-a
u ku-nu-uk-ka-at-ku-nu ba-ak-ra
ku-nu-uk ma-an-ni-im-ma im-ma-ah-ha-ar
30. rib-ni- lluadad su-a-ti
li-ki-ir-ri-bu-ni-ik-kum
i-na mu-uh-hi-su si-si
ni-sa-am i-na sa-ap-ti-su li-is-sa-ki-ma1
a-na bit jlusin-ri-me-ni a-hi-su
la u- ra-ag-ga

'I.e., lirsakimma = li~s$akin-ma. The accusative is very remarkable.

.

if

22 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM— BABYLONIAN SECTION

TRANSLATION

1 To the noble one 2 speak: 3 thus (says) Sin-nadin-ahhi:
4 Samas and Marduk may, for the duration of time, 5 keep thee
healthy! 6 Mayest thou be well, mayest thou be healthy!
7 The god who guards thee, 8 may lift up 7 thy head to happi-
ness! 9I am sending now (to inquire) after thy welfare:

10 may thy welfare 12 be perpetual 10 before Samas, Marduk

11 and my lord Ammisaduga!

13 As to the case of Sin-rimeni 14 and Ibni-Adad, his
brother, 16 which 16 I have investigated 15 in Sippar-Jahrurum
and thereupon 17 had caused them to draw up a sealed docu-
ment of their treaty, 20 you had sealed (the document) I8 with
the seal of the priest of the god Samas, the priest of the goddess
Aya 19 and your seals. 21 The sealed document of that treaty
22 had that man Sin-rimeni received. 23 After that man Sin-
rimeni 24 had gone to his destiny (i.e., died), 25 Ibni-Adad, his
brother, 26 raised claims against the house of Sin-rimeni. 27 If
one is doubting the seal of the priest of Samas, the priest of
Aya 28 and your seals, 29 whose seal should be accepted! 31 Let
them bring before thee 30 that man Ibni-Adad: 32 give orders
against him! 33 An oath shall be put on his lips, that 35 he
will raise no claims 34 against the house of Sin-rimeni, his
brother.

ARTHUR UNGNAD BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAPI PERIOD 23

PRIVATE LETTERS

Like all old-Babylonian letters the letters referring to
private affairs are very important from the linguistic point of
view. Rare words and forms occur which can not be found
in any historical or religious texts. The Babylonian Grammar
especially benefits by the great number of verbal forms of the
second person of which those of the plural are the most inter-
esting ones. The rule, established by the present writer,1 that
the ending of the second person of the plural is a and not u,
even when it is masculine, is confirmed throughout these letters.
There is also a new example of a letter addressed to two women
giving a number of those exceedingly rare forms of the second
person of the feminine plural. As only one letter so far is
known,2 besides that in our collection (No. 51), we will give
this specimen here in transcription and, as far as it is possible,
in translation, too.

(5- No. 5.)3

O. a-na ka-ka-a u mi-ir-si-ia

ki- bi- ma
um-ma llusfn-ma-gir-ma
ilusamas li-ba-al-li-it-ki-na-ti

5. r\a-tu an-nu-um

sa warham Ikam.... ma-ma a-na SO.KAZKAL le-e

libbim
a-na su-ul-mi-ia la ta-as-pu-ra-nim

'OLZ. 1906, p. 585 ff.

1 Thureau-Dangin, Lettres el Centrals, No. 23; cf. BB, 129.

•Cf. the photographic reproduction on pi. XCVII1.

24 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM BABYLONIAN SECTION

a-nu-um-ma 1 llusamas-e-pi-ri

a-na si-ri-ki-na at-tar-dam
Lo.E. 3/30 kem se'im 1/30 kem ke

1 1 . su- bi- la- nim
R. sa si-bu-tim ma-ah-ri-ia

i-ba-as-si r"amtum a-na si-ri-ia

li-li-kam-ma lu-sa-bi-la-ki-im-ma
15. a-sa-ri-is id-na-a-ma

sa tu-sa-bi-la-nim

i-na is-ri-ki-na-a-ma

hu-ur-sa-ma si-ta-tum

ki-ma a-sa-pa-(ra)-ki-na-si-im
20. su- bi- la- nim

TRANSLATION

1 To Kaka and Mirsiya 2 speak: 3 thus (says) Sin-magir.
4 Samas may keep you healthy! & How is it possible,1 6 that
for a (whole) month 7 you have not sent 6 anybody to me because

of the provisions for the journey 7 and in order to inquire

after my welfare!

8 Now I am despatching Samas-epiri 9 to you: 10 i/io kur
of barley flour and 1/30 kur of bean flour n send to me! 12 It
is wanted for some purpose with me. 13 A female servant
14 may come to me, and then I shall send thee2 (silver).3 There-
upon 1S give (the flour) immediately and 16 what you will have
sent to me 18 take off n from your own tithe. 18 The rest 2D send
to me 19 according to what I shall write to you.

1 Very doubtful; there may have been, at this place, a form belonging to the root Ht3J.

1 Instead of "you"!

3 Omitted by the scribe?

ARTHUR UNGNAD BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAPI PERIOD 25

Among the letters referring to business transactions we
may select two dealing with the same affair, vi%., the famous
Lustamar-letters. Both of them (Nos. 46 and 47) were enclosed
in envelops which were opened, so that the letters could be
read. Their having being preserved together with the envelops
is an indication that they were copies kept in the archives.
Both envelops are sealed: No. 46 with the seal of a certain
Warad-Sin (though the writer is a certain Sin-nmeni), No. 47
with the seal of the writer Ilusu-bani, son of Jbi-Ilabrat, known
also from the Sippar-texts BE, VI, 2, No. 72, 1. 3 (2ist year of
Hammurapi) and BE, VI, i, No. 503: 19 and b: 19 (2d year of
Samsuiluna). The last text also mentions a brother of his
Sin-rimeni (50^19) who may be identical with the writer
of letter No. 46.

Both letters deal with transgressions of the niputu-right.
As we know from the code of Hammurapi (§§ i i4ff.), a man
who had certain claims against another was allowed to take
away a slave or even a free person from the household of his
debtor, in order to have this person work for him. Such a
person was called niputu (pi. nipatu). Evidently Lustamar
had taken such a niputu from the daughters of a certain Lasi-
ili, though his claims already had been satisfied. We read: -

(6. No. 46)1

Envelop: '[a-na l]u-us-ta-mar
(seal) Varad- ilusin
mar an-na-ili
warad lluamurrim
Letter: O. a-na lu-us-ta-mar
ki- bi- ma

'Cf. the photographic reproductions on pi. XCVIII.

26 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM BABYLONIAN SECTION

um-ma Illusin-ri-me-ni-ma
ni-pu-tum sa marat ia-si-li
5. a-di ma-ha-ar ra-bi-a-nim
nu- {u-ru a-na bi-tim
ia marat ia-si-li
la ta-sa -zi

TRANSLATION

Envelop: : [To] Lustamar.

(seal) 2 Warad-Sin, 3 son of Anna-ili, 4 servant of

the god Amurrum.

Letter: 1 To Lustamar 2 speak : 3 thus (says) Sin-rimeni :
4 The niputu of the daughter of {asili & to the presence of the

prefect 6 Against the house 7 of the daughter of ]asili

8 thou shall not make a claim.1

(7- No. 47)2
Envelop: :ana lu-ui-ta-mar

(seal) 2ilu-su-ba-ni dam-gar
dumu i-bi- lluilabrat
arad dingirnin-subura-g[e]
Letter: O. a-na lu-us-ta-mar
ki- bi- ma
um-ma ilu-su-ba-ni-ma
maratmes ia-si-ili

5. ki-a-am is-pur-ra-nim um-ma si-na-ma
se'a-am sa GI .PA.SlK. lS'un
ma- hi- ir
li-ib-ba-su ta-ab

1 Literally "call."

*Cf. the photographic reproductions on pi. XCIX.

ARTHUR UNGNAD BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAP1 PERIOD 2y

i-na-an-na ni-pa-ti-ni
10. it-ti-pi
R. ki-a-am is-pur-ra-nim

se'a-am ma-ah-ra-a-ta

H-ib-ba-ka ta-ab

a-li-a-am-ma maratmeS ia-si-ili
15. a- pu- ul

TRANSLATION

Envelop: 1 To Lustamar.

(seal) 2 Ilusu-bani, the merchant, 3 son of Ibi-
Ilabrat, 4 servant of the god Ilabrat ( = Nin-
subur).

Letter: l To Lustamar 2 speak: 3 thus (says) Ilusu-bani :
4 the daughters of lasi-ili 5 have written to me as follows:

'"Barley for 7 he (vi%., Lustamar) has received, 8 his

heart is satisfied. 9 Now 10 he has taken away 9 niputus belong-
ing to us." n After this fashion they have written to me.
12 The barley thou hast received, 13 thy heart is satisfied!
14 (the requests of) the daughters of jasi-ili 15 answer!

Among the letters found at Nippur we may, at least, select
one dealing with a very interesting law suit:

(8. No. 7).

O. a-na lu-ga-a
ki- bf- ma

um-ma llusfn-pu-ut-ra-am-ma
iluen-lil ti iluNIN.IB li-ba-li-tu-ka
5. 'lu-ga-tum alprun-3u a-na dimtimki

28 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM BABYLONIAN SECTION

a-na ekil samassammim e-pi-Si-im

iz-zu-ha-[am]-ma

'u-bar-lu-lu wa-ar-k[i-su] i-la-ak

alap-su i-mu-ut-ma
10. a-na si-ri-ja a-na di-ni-im il-li-k[u-n]im-ma

SA.GUDzun a-li-ik i-di-su a-sa-al-ma

ki-a-am ik-bu-nim um-ma su-nu-ma

alpum ip-du-ur-ma sa-am-mi i-ka-al

[im-k]u-ut-ma im-tu-ut
L.E. [um-m]a a-na-ku-u-ma
R. [a-na n]ippurimkl a-na a-al daidnime

a-al-ka-a-ma

di-nam li-di-nu-ku-nu-ti

i-na nippurimkl daianumes di-nam i-di-nu-su-nu-ti
20. a-na ba-a.b ''kirem a-na ni-is ilim

:u-bar-lu-lu i-di-nu

"'lu-ga-tum di-nam su-a-ti

u-ul l[i-k]i

wa-ar-ka-zu p[u-ru-u]§-[ma]

la ih-ha-ab-ba-al

TRANSLATION

1 To Luga 2 speak : 3 thus (says) Sin-putram : 4 Enlil and
NIN.IB may keep thee healthy! 5"7 Lugatum had fetched
his oxen to the town of Dimtu, in order to till a field of sesame.
Thereupon 8 Ubar-Lulu followed him: 9 one ox of his died;
therefore 10 they came into my presence for judgment. Then
11 the herdsmen, who had helped him, I asked and 12 they spoke
as follows: 13"The ox went aside in order to eat grass; 14 [he
fell] down and died."

ARTHUR UNGNAD BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAPI PERIOD 2Q

16 Thus I (replied) : 16 ["To] Nippur to the city of the
judges 17 ye must go; then 18 they will render you a judgment."

19 In Nippur the judges rendered a judgment to them:
20"21 they assigned Ubar-Lulu to the Garden Gate for an oath.
22-23 Lugatum has not accepted that judgment. 24 [Inquire]
into his matter, [in order that] 28 he may not suffer any
damage.

3O UNIVERSITY MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN SECTION

A NEW INSCRIPTION OF HAMMURAPI

The cone published here as an appendix (No. 133 = pi.
GUI f.) belongs to the oldest collections of the Museum. That
this inscription was written during Hammurapi's earlier reign,1
is shown by the fact that the king does not call himself lar
kibrat arba'im "king of the four quarters of the world."5 It
refers to the building of the wall of Sippar, certainly the same
operation which was celebrated by the naming of the king's
25th year: mu bad {imbirkl "year in which the wall of Sippar
(was finished)." This building operation probably was begun
in the king's 23d year: mu apin bad ^imbirkl "year in which
the foundation of the wall of Sippar (was laid)." Therefore
the whole work took about two years.

The walls of Sippar again collapsed during the last years
of the king's reign. He therefore had built them anew and
this operation is mentioned in the inscriptions of the British
Museum No. 12212 and I22i63 in which the king is called
far kibrat arba'im (1. 4). The same operation was celebrated
by naming the king's 43d year mu {imbirki "year of Sippar."

The inscription published in this volume runs as follows:

I

i-nu ''"samas sarrum sa ili5

be-lum ra-bi-um 5 ha-am-mu-ra-pi

sa4 sa-ma-i u ir-si-tim ru-ba-am mi-girG-su ia-ti

1 Cf. also Preface, p. 7.

2 Vi^., Sumer-Akkad, Elamtu, Amurru, Subartu; cf. BA, VI, 5, p. 18.

3 King, Letters and Inscriptions of Hammurabi, 1, 57 (pi. 97 ff.), 58 (pi. 102 ff.); Ill, p. 177 ff.

4 Original ta.

5 Orig.

ARTHUR UNGNAD BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAPI PERIOD 3!

7 in pa(-ni)'-su nam-ru-tim

ha- di- is

ip-pa-al- sa2- ni
10 sar-ru-tam da-ri-tam3

pala umimi ar-ku-tim

is- ru- kam

isid matim4

sa a-na be-li-im
15 i-ti- na- am

u- ki- in- nam5

ni-si6 sipparkl

u bab-:liki

su-ba-at ne-ih-ti
20 su- su- ba-am

in pi-su el-li-im

s"a la na-ka-ar ik-bi-u

dur sipparki

e-pi- sa- am
25 ri-si-su ul-la-a-am

ra-bi- is

46 s"a i§-tu Omum si-a-tim
Sar-ru in sarri"

lu-wa-ir-ra-an-ni

i-nu-umimi- su

ha-am-mu-ra- pi
30 sarrum da-num

sar bab-iliki

na-'i-du-um se-mu ''"samas

na-ra-am llua-a

mu-ti-ib li-bi7
35 ''"rnarduk be-li-su a-na-ku

in e-mu-ki-in

si-ra- tim

sa llusamas it8-ti-na9-am

in ti- bu-ut
40 um-ma-an ma-ti-ia

us-si dur sipparki

in e-pi- ri

ki-ma sadi10-im ra-bi-m

ri-si-SMu-nu lu u-ul-li
45 duram siram12 lu e-pu-u§

II

48 ma-na-ma la i-pu-su
a-na llusamas be-li-ia

1 Omitted by orig.

2 Sign sag = damku.
'dam.

*UN.

6 B: na-a(m}(?).

6 Sign iig.

7 B: ib-bi.
' Orig. da.

5 Omitted by B.

wS/t.TU.

" Orig. apparently ju.

13 Or badmahbam instead of duram ;lram.

UNIVERSITY MUSEUM BABYLONIAN SECTION

5O ra-bi-is lu e-pu-us-zum

durum su- u

in ki-bi-it llusamas

ha-am- mu-ra-pi

ma-hi-ri a ir-si
55 sum- su

in pale-ia dam-ki-im

v x ilu v v * i i \

sa samas ib-bu-u

sippar1"

alki [s]z-a-tim s[d ]

60 umman-su in . .[ ]

a-na llusamas lu [ ]

nar-su lu ah-[ri]

a-na ir-si-[ti-su]

me-e d[a- ru-tim]
65 lu as-ku- [un]

nu-uh-s[a-am u tu-uh-da-am]
lu u- [ki-in]
a-na ni-s[i si]pparkl
r[*-/]i-tam lu as-ku-u[n]

70 a-[....]-at-t-..[ ..... ]

..[.... ]-ka-ra-[ ..... ]

[sa] a-na /zWll'samasb[e-li-i]a

u llua-a be-el-ti-ia

ta-a-bu lu e-pu-us
75 su-mi dam-ga-am

umimi- sa-am

ki-ma ilim za-ka-ra-am

sa a-na da-ar

la im-ma-as-su-u
80 in pi-i[ «]z-5[z]

lu as- ku- un

TRANSLATION

1 When Samas, 2 the great lord 3 of heaven and earth,
4 the king of the gods, 8 had joyfully 9 looked upon 6 me,
6 Hammurapi, 6 the prince, his favorite, 7 with his shining face,
12 (when) he had presented to me 10 an everlasting kingdom,
11 a reign of long time, 16 (when) he has established 1 the
foundation of the land 14 which, in order to rule, 15 he had
given to me, 21 (when he), with his pure mouth, -- which cannot
be altered, had given orders 20 to let live 17 the people of
Sippar 18 and Babylon 19 in a peaceful habitation, " he truly
commanded me 26 in a great fashion 24 to make 23 the wall' of
Sippar 2S (and) to lift its head.

28 At that time have I, 29 Hammurapi, 30 the mighty king,
31 the king of Babylon, 32 the sublime, the obedient (worshipper)

ARTHUR UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAP1 PERIOD 33

of Samas, 33 the favorite of Aya, 34 who makes rejoice the heart
35 of Marduk, his lord, I, 36-" with the high strength 38 that
Samas gave to me, 39 by means of the rising 40 of the folk of
my land, 41 as to the foundations of the wall of Sippar, 42 in
clay 43 like a great mountain 44 I have lifted their head.
45 A great wall I built. 46 What since the oldest times 47 no
king among the kings 48 had made, 49 to Samas, my lord, 50 in
a great fashion I made for him.

51 That wall 55 has the name: 52 By the command of Samas
53 may Hammurapi M not have any adversaries!

56 During my splendid reign " which Samas had pro-
nounced, 5S Sippar, 69 the everlasting city..[ ], 60 its folk

in . . [ ] 61 to Samas truly [1 ] ; 62 its canal truly I dug.

63 For [its] country 64 everlasting] water 66 truly 1 procured.
66 Riches [and abundance] "truly 1 established. 68 For the
people of Sippar 69 the best position 1 truly established. 70 . .

[....] [ ]"..[."...] [ ]. 72 [That which]

74 was pleasant 72 for the heart of Samas, my lord, 73 and of
Aya, my mistress, 74 truly 1 did.

76 My splendid name 76 daily 77 like a god to be men-
tioned 78 who, for all times, 79 never will be forgotten, 80 in the
mouth of the people 8I truly I have established.

34

UNIVERSITY MUSEUM— BABYLONIAN SECTION

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES

ABBREVIATIONS

b. = brother; d. = daughter; f. = father; PN = personal name:
R = receiver; S = sender; s. = son; si.=sister.

Feminine names are indicated by °. i has been inserted
after z; k after k; s and 5 after s; t after t.

NAMES OF PERSONS

Aba^i: A-ba-^i

i. io6:[23(?)], 34
Abiiatum: A-bi-ia-tum

1. akil ispari: 32 : 5, 8

2. f. of Gimil-Gula: 33:6
Abum-kima-ilim: A-bu-um-ki-ma-

AN

i. 11:13
Adad-idinnam: 'l"IM-i-din-nam

i. 86:29
Adad-lu-sir: iluIM-lu-^ir

i. 88:3
/*di-i/i: A-di-AN

i. R: 52: i, [4], 7, ii
Aguia: A-gu-ia, *A-gu-u-a

1. R: 9: i

2. *io : 13
Ahu(m)-wakar: A-bu-um-wa-kar,

*A-hu-wa-kar

1. *i i : 19

2. S: *I2:3

3. R: *42:i

4- 43 : 7

Ai-abas-ili: A-ia-ba-ds-i-li
i. S: 70:3

°Aia-lamassi: >lua-a-la-ma[-^i]

i. 34:34
"Aia-ummi: >>ua-a-um-m[i]

i. 38:22

Akal-ana-Marduk: A-ga-al-a-na-
""AMAR.UD

I. S: 33:3
°Aliiatum: A-li-ia-tum

i. cousin (?) of Naramtani: 55:

'7

Al(i)-taUmi: A-li-ta-li-mi, *A-li-ta-
li-me, ^A-li-[t]a-[li-mi}(?),
**Al-ta-li-m(i\,

1. 1-19:24

2. s. of Bur-Adad: 37:3, **i4

(i.e. seal)

3. *94:7
Ammiditana: Am-mi-di-ta-na

i. (Jarro): 75:7
Ammisaduga: Am-mi-^a-du-ga

i . (sarru) : 89 : 45 | 90 : 1 1 | 91 :

10
Ana-ilia^-taklaku : A-na-[i-li-i a-

ta-ak-la-ku
i. 23 :6

ARTHUR UNGNAD BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAPI PERIOD 35

Ana-M arduk-takldku: A-na-

il"AMAR.UD-tdk-la-ku
i. 36:8
Ana-Sin-taklaku: A-na-iluEN . ZU-

tdk-la-ku
I. 127:27
Ana-. . .-taklaku: A-na-tdk-la-ku

(erroneous)

I. 3iiha.ru of Ibkatum: 43 : 14
Anna-ili: An-na-AN

i . f . of Warad-Sin: 46 A : 3

(i.e. seal)
Ansar(?)-balati: AN-$AR(?)-ba(?)-

la-ti

i. 25: 17
Anum(?)-babil (or Ili-bdbil): AN-

ba-bil
i. R: 56: i
Apil-ilisu: A-pil-i-li-su, *A-pil-i-

1. R: *3i : i

2. mu'irru: |82 : 7

3. S: 112:4
Apil-IUar: A-pil-IUar

i. R, f. of (?)Iltdm: 58: i
Apil-^aki: A-pil-^a-ki

1. 108: 13, 41

2. a/ /4.: 113:13
Aplatum: Ap-la-tum

i. S: 61 :2
[Ardi-Gula (assyr.) : ARAD-iluGu-la

i. 132:2;
Ardu(m): Ar-du-um, *Ar-du

1. S: *7,:3

2. 1O! : I I, 21

//i!i»z(?): A(?)-su-um

i. 53:8
AUgulul: A-si-gu-lu-ul

i. R: 19:1
Askudanum: As-ku-da-na-am (ace.)

i. 60: 17

Askudum: As-ku-du-um

i. S: 40:3
Assur-asu: tl"A . USAR-a-su

i . S : 49 : 2
°AtkaUi: At-kal-si

i. 94:33
AwAt-a'tSama!:K/1.tt*UD,*[K]/4(?)-

i . S : *2o : 4

2. rwant /^.: 45 :g

Aweliia: A-we-h-ia

1. f. of Awel-Istar: 100: 14
Awel-Iltar: A-we-il-Istar

,. S: 78:3

2. tamkaru, s. of Aweliia: 100:

'4

Awel-Sm: A-we-il-il"EN .ZU
i. S: 80:3

i. si. of Samas-garri: 5 : 5
Baginu: Ba-gi-nu

i. wam fi.: 103 : 5
Baltu-kasid: Ba-al-tu-ka-si-id

i. S: 56:3
Bassi: Ba-as-si

i. S: 63: 3

B/? . SA-Sarratum: BA . $A-ilusd-ra-
tum

i . 82 : 9, 12

i. 110:13
Beja: Be-e-ia-a

1. 14: 19

2. R, f . of / din-Amurrum: 61 : I
Belanu(m): Be-la-nu-um, *Be-la-nu

1. R: 39:.

2. kalamabbu Anunitum: *\o~/'.

16
Beliiatum: Be-li-ia-tum

\. s. of Damakum (?): 67. 13
2. 108-40

36

UNIVERSITY MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN SECTION

°Belissunu: Be-li-^u-nu
i . S : 60 : 3

I . f . of Iltani: 72 : 1 9
Belliti(?): Be-el-li-ti (doubtful if
proper name)

I. s. of £#(?): 83:21
Belsunu: Be-el-su-nu

i. R: 35:1
"Bitietum: Bi-it-le-tum

i. si. of Ilusu-bani: 100: 10
Bunene-gamil: tl"bu-ne-ne-ga-mil

i. R: 34: i
Bur-Adad: Bur-<luIM

i. f. of Al(i)-talimi: 37 : 15

(i.e. seal)

Damaknm(?) : Da-ma-ku-um (all
signs uncertain)

i. f. of Beliiatnm(?) : 67: 13
°Dumki-Istar: Du-nm-ki-Htar

i. 36: 14, 1 6, 19
Ea-muballit: E-a-mu-ba-li-it

i. S: 21 : 3, 20

Eli(?): E-li-i (uncertain if proper
name)

i. f. of Belliti(?): 83:21
Elmesum: El-me-sum

i. S: 110:3
Enlil-turam : llu En-lil-tu-r[a-a] m

I. R: 3:i

i. R: 26: i
Eribam: E-ri-ba-am

i . R : 42 : 2
°Eristum: E-ri-il-lum

i. 6:6

Etel-pi-Nabium: E-tel-KA-il"Na-bi-
um

i. S: 94:3

°Gemutum (uncertain, if feminine) :
Ge-mu-tu[m](?)

i. 17:19
Gimil-Gula: Gi-mil-tl"Gu-la

i. s. of Abiiatum: 33 : 5
Gimil-ili: SU-i-li

i. R: i :2
Gimillum: Gi-mil-lum

1. 32 : 14, 1 8

2. R: 33:1
Gimil-Marduk: Gi-mil-iluAMAR .

UD

i . tupsarru: 89 : 36
Habil-ahi: Ha-bil-a-bi

i. 95 : 12
Haburum: Ha-bu-rum

i. S: 42:5
Hafab-ili: Ha-ia-ab-AN

i. f. of Imdi-Istar: 49:7
Hammurapi: H a-am-mu-ra-pi,
*Ha-am-mu-r[a-pi], \\Ha-
am\-mu-ra-pi

i. ( = 2):83:*i, t?

[2. (=i): 133 A: 5, 29, 53]
Hulatnm: Hu-la-tum

i. R: 48: i .
Hunnum: Hu-un-nu-u[m]

i. 97:4
Hiqalum: Hu-^a-lum

1. S: 41 :3

2. R: 42:3

3. 94:7, 41

4. 130:31
Ibi-Enlil: I-bi-itu En-lil

1. sakinu: 17:16

2. 1 1-6: 18

/W- //a&rfl/: I-bi-ilttNIN .SUBUR
i . f . of Ilusu-bdni: 47 A : 3
(i.e. seal)

Ibi-ilum: I-bi-i-lum
i. S: i • i

ARTHUR UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAPI PERIOD 37

Ibik-ilisu: SlG-i-li-[su]

i . f. of Sumnm-libsi and Labis-
turn; his daughter men-
tioned : 117:11
Ibi-Saban: I-bi-'l"Sd-ba-an

i. S: 75:3
Ibkatum: Ib-ga-tum

1. R: 43: i

2. f. of Naramtzni: 55:3
Ibku-Anuriitum: Ib-kn-AN-nu-ni-

tum

i. S: 103 : 3
Ibku-Damu(?): Ib-ku-tluD[a-mu}(?)

i. 10 : 18
Ibku-Nabium: Ib-ku-'luNa-bi-um

i. 107 : 14, 27, 29
Ibku-[...}: Ib-ku-'l""-'* . . .]

i. 91 137
Ibni-Adad: Ib-ni-iluIM

1. NI.SAG(?): 88:2

2. b. of Sin-nmeni: 90:14,

25, 3°

3. R: 112: i

4. malabu: 122, 5
Ibni-Marduk: Ib-ni-iluAMAR . UD

1. R: 112:2

2. 123 : 18, 2i(?)

Ibni-Sin: Ib-ni-[ilu]EN .ZU, *Ib-ni-
'['"EN.ZU], \lb-ni-XXX

1. S: *89:3, 36 (supplied ac-

cording to BB 83-85)

2. fio2:3

3. S: 109:3
Ibni-Samal: Ib-ni-iluUD

i. S: 93 :3
Iddatum: Id-da-tum

i. S: 101 : 3
Idin-Amurrum: I-din-tluMAR.TU

\. s. of B«/<2: 6 1 : 5
Idin-Ea: I-din-iluE-a

i. 107 : 14, 21, 25

Idin-Ilabral: I-din-il"NIN . §UBUR
i. daiami: 117:19 (probably

erroneously instead of

Idin-Irra)
Idin-Irra: I-din-iluIr-ra

1. daiami: 117:11, 15 (1. 19

erroneously I-din-'luNIN .
SUBUR)

Idm-Sin: I-din-iluEN .ZU
1 . 94 : 2 1

2. 113:14, 20, 23, 26
Igmil-Sin(?).\ Ig-mil-iluEN.ZU (all

signs uncertain)
i . f . of llme-Adad and Mubad-
dum: 119:1

,
Ili-atpalam: I-li-at-pa-lam

i. R: 4: i

lli-bani: I-li-ba-ni-i

i. ii : 18
Ili(?)-darimum: AN-da-ri-mu-um

i. R: 21 : i
Ili-eribam: I-li-e-ri-ba-am

1. R: 2: i

2. 62 :23^
Ili-idinnam: I-li-i-din-nam

i. s. of Sin-bel-aplim: 1 18 : 14,

1 6, 21, 24
Ili-ikisam: l-li-i-ki-sd-am'

i . 84 : 9, ii
Ili-mu[. . .}: AN-mu-[. . .]

i . 10:17
°Iltani: Il-ta-ni

1. S, d. (?)of Apil-Istar: 58:3

2. d. of Bel-kali (?)-[...], <^i//i

Samas: 72 : 18, 21 (doubt-

ful)

/: I-lu-ni
i . samaM: 117:9
2. 130 :23, 29

UNIVERSITY MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN SECTION

Ilusu-abusu: AN-su-a-bu-su

i. R: 45 : i
Ilusu-bani: AN-su-ba-ni

1. S: 19:3

2. S, tamkaru, s. of Ibi-Ilabrat:

4yA : 2 (i.e. seal); B : 3

3- 99: '4

4. S, b. of Bit'etum: 100, 3

5. s. of Ilusu-ibni(?): 108:15, '7
Ilusu-ibni: AN-su-ib-[ni], *AN-s[u-

i]b-ni(?) (last signs uncer-
tain)

1. 102: 13, 33

2. f. of Ilusu-bani: *io8: 15
Imdi-Istar: lm-di-lllar

i. s. of Haiab-ili, b.(?) of
War ad-Sin: 49:5, 10, 15,

21

Imgur-Sin: Im-gur-'luEN .ZU

i. 35 :6

Ina-Esagila-tfr: I-na-E-sag-ila-
ZIR

i . 84 : 1 2
Ina-pi-$amas: I-na-pi-il"UD

i. 26 : 16

Innunatiia(?): ln-nu-na-ti-ia (first
three signs uncertain)

i. w<2ra< /.: 72 :8
Iskur-manse: dinei'IM-ma-an-se

1. S: 99:3

2. akil tamkari: 103:12
ISme-Adad: ls-me-il"IM

I. s. of Igmil-Sin(?), b. of
Mubaddum: 119:1, 17,24
°Istar-ekalli: ' Istar-E . GAL-li

i . S, wife(?) of Nabium-malik:
36:2

i. S: 38:3
I^irum: I-^i-rum
I. 95:28

lakburum: la-ak-bu-ri-im (gen.)

i. 127:23
lasi-ili, lasili: la-si-AN, *Ia-si-li

i . marat I: *^6 B : 4, 7 | 47

6:4, 14
°Kakd: Ka-ka-a

i. R: 51 : i
Ka\...}: Ka-(...}

i. R: 50 : i
Kubburum: Ku-ub-bu-rum

1. 81 : 7, ii

2. 82 : I, 20
Ku-Innanna: AZAG-dinsirIN-

NANNA

i . nuhalimmu: 15:4
°Kukuia: Ku-ku-ia

i. R: 36:1
°KuUuliu: Ku-ut-tu-ut-ta (ace.)

i . 1 20 : 6

Labistum: La-bi-is-tum, *La-b[i-i]l-
(?)-tum

1. gallabu: 100 : 19, 24

2. s. of Ibik-ilisu, b. of Sumum-

libsi: *i 17 : 13
°Lamassani: La-ma-^a-ni, *La-ma-

ia-na(?)
,. *83:7(?)
2. S: 105 :3 | [106:3]
°Lamassi: La-ma-si-i(-ma)

i. S: 57:3

Liser-Sippar: Li-se-ir-UD .KIB.
NUN.KI

i- 37:4

Lu-Asari(?): LU-dingirSIUG-LU-
[$j4R] (uncertain)

i . f . of Sin-idinnam: 97 : 1 5
Lu-Enlilla: LU-dineirEn-lil-[ld}

i. R: 15:1

: Lu-ga-a

i. R: 5: i 6: i | 7: i | 8: i

ARTHUR UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAPI PERIOD 39

Lugatum: Lu-ga-tum

i. 7:5, 22

Lu-Ningunanna(?): LU-[diniirNin-
gun-an]-na (uncertain)

i . S : 26 : 2
Lustamar: Lu-ul-ta-mar

1 . R : 46 A : i ; B : I 47 A : i ,

2. S: 48:3

3- 59: '5
Mallilum: Ma-al-li-i-li-im (gen.)

i. R: 23: i, 8
Marduk-lamassasu: il"AMAR . UD-

la-ma-^a-lu
i. S: 98:3

Marduk-muballii: iluAMAR . UD-
mu-ba-li-it

1. 69:8

2. 76: 14, 18

3. kalamahhu(?): 93 : 36

4. awelu, abi ummani: 108:28
Marduk-musallim: il"AMAR . UD-

mu-sd-lim
i. awelu: 130 : 18
Marduk-mu[ . . .}: il"AMAR . UD-

mu-[ . . . ]
i. 8:81:3
Marduk-nasir: iiuAMAR . UD-na-

si-ir

i. S: 32:3
Marduk-msu: tluAMAR . UD-ni-su

i. 36: 18
Mar-irsitim: TUR-KI

,. 48:5
Mar-Purattim: TUR-ndr KIB.NUN.

KI (erroneous)
i . 83 : 2
°Mirsiia: Mi-ir-si-ia

i. R: 51 : i

Mubaddum: Mu-ha-ad-du-um
i . s. of 1 gmil-Sin(?) , b. of .
i: 1 19 : 13, 21

Nabi-Ilabrat: Na-bi-il"NIN .SUBUR

i. langu Anumtum: 117 : 17,

22, 26
Nabi-ilisu: Na-bi-i-li-su

i. 78:4
Nabium-gamil: 'luna-bi-um-ga-mil

i. S: 35:3
Nabium-ibni: tluna-bi-um-ib-ni

i. 80 14
Nabium-malik: 'l"na-bi-um-ma-lik

i. husband(?) of Istar-ekalli:

36:5
Nabium-nisu: 'luna-bi-um-ni-su

i . R, b. of (?) Sin-rimeni: 44 : i
Nabium-seme(?): tluna-bi-um-s[e-]e-
me (not quite certain)

i. 94:35
Na'imu: Na-i-mu

i . 42 : 29

N anna-manse: «**$£$ . Kl-ma-
a[n-se]

i . awelu: 1 29 : 1 8

Nanna-Masir: di"gir$E$ . Kl-Va-la-
sir

i. S: 9:2
Naram-ilisu: N a-r[a-am]-i-li-su

i . b. of Sa(?)-Nana: 24 : 6
Naram-Sin: Na-ra-am-iluEN .ZU

i. S: 6:3
°Naramiani: N a-ra-am-ta-ni

i. S: d. of Ibkatum, cousin(?)
of Aliiatum: 55:3

1. 81:9, 12

Ninnua: Ni-in-nu-u-a
i. 22 : 1 6

Ni-si-i-ni -su,

1. R: "14: i(?)

2. S: 39:4

3. R: 40. i | 41 : i

UNIVERSITY MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN SECTION

Nur-Adad: Nu-ur-iluI(M]

i. 8:79:3
Nuratum: Nu-ra-tum

i. 55:9
Nur-Ilabrat: Nu-ur-iluNIN.$UBUR

i. 17: 18
Nur-Kabta: Nu-ur-Ka-ab-ta

.. R: 57:1
Numm-lisi: Nu-rum-li-si

i. 129:5, 14
Ris-Subula: Ri-is-ilu(S}u-bu-la

i. S: 52 : 2
°Sabitnm: Za-bi-tum

i. R: 97: i
Sag-Enlilla: Sag-dingir En-lil-ld

i. 17:5
Sagila-manse: Sag-ila-ma-an-se

i. R: 32: i
Sin-asarid: il"EN . ZU-a-sd-ri-id

1. 31 :y

2. S: 53:3 54:3
Sinaium: Si-na-fum

i. R: 53:1
Sin-bel-aplim: il"EN . ZU-be-el-ap-

lim
i. f. of Ili-idinnam: n8:[i4],

1 6, 21
Sin-bel-dumkiia: il"EN . ZU-be-el-

du-um-ki-ia
i. 66:28
Sin-bel-(.. .]: iluEN .ZU-be-e[l-. . .}

1 . 69 : 6

2. 81 :6

Sin-idinnam: tluEN . ZU-i-din-nam
,. 3:8

2. S: 95:3 | 96:3

3. s. of Lu-Asari(?}: 97:3, 13

(i.e. seal)

Sin-ikilam: il"EN . Z U-i-ki-sd-am
I . awelu, tupsarru: 112:5

Sin-imguranni: lluEN .ZU-im-gur-

an-ni
i . 69 : 3

2. awelu: 107:13, 18, 32(?)
Sin-isme anni ''"EN . ZU-is-me-a-ni

* X X X-is-me-a-ni •
i R: 13: i

2. rakbu: 88 : 7

3. 94:8

4. tuplarru(?): 98 : 17

5. *io8:4O

6. dtkA(?): 118: 18, 28
Sin-magir: tl"EN .ZU-ma-gir

i. S: 51 : 3

Sin-meni, read Sin-nmeni
Sin-nadm-aWi: ituEN . ZU-na-d[i-

i]n-ah-hi
i. S: 90 : 3
Sin-nadin-sumi: tluEN . ZU-na-di-

in-su-mi

i. S: 91 :3 | 92:3
Sin-putram: ''"EN . ZU-pu-ut-ra-am

i. S: 7:3

Sin-rimeni: ituEN .ZU-ri-me-ni,
*iluEN.ZU-me-ni (errone-
ous)

2. S: 43:3 | 45:3 | 46 8:3

3. S, b. of(?) Nabium-nisu: 44 : 3

4. R: 54: i

5- *75:9

6. b. of Ibni-Adad: 90 : 1 3, 22,

23, 26, 34
Sin-semi: iluEN . ZU-se-mi

i . 69 : 22
Sin-iappi-wedim(?) : il"EN . ZU-tap-

p[i-we-di-im] (uncertain)
.. S: i6:3(?)
Sin-uballissu(?): iluEN .ZU-u-ba-a -

li-is (-{u omitted)
i. 94:19

ARTHUR UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAPI PERIOD 4!

$arntm-imn[i . . .]: LUGAL-im-n[i-

5in-[. . .}-age: illtEN .ZU-[. . .\-a-gi-e

i. 131 13
Sin-[...]: iluEN.ZU-[...]

i. S: 17:3
Silliia: Si-il-li-ia

i. maral §: 125 : 18, 25
°Salurtum: Sd-hi-ur-[tum]

i. R: 15: 15
Salurum: Sd-lu-ru-um

i. S: 27:3

$amal-a!arid(?) : iluUD-a-(ld-r}i-(id\
(uncertain)

i. S: 73:3(?)
Samal-balati: \l*U}D-T[I . L]A-ti

I. R: b. of(?) Samas-kinam-

idi: 1 1 : i

Samas-bdni: il"UD-ba-n[i] (ni
doubtful)

i. R: 80: i

$amas-enlil-ili : UuLJD-UuE[n-lil-i-li\
(uncertain)

i. subdru: 35:19
Samas-epiri: iluUD-e-pi-ri

i. 51 :8
Samas-garri: tluUD-ga-ar-ri

i. S, b. of Babd: 5:3
Samas-kinam-idi: ''"UD-ki-nam-i-di

i.-S, b. of(?) $amas-ba ati:

ii :3

Samas-manni: ttuUD-ma-an-ni
(scarcely iluUD-ma-AN-ni
= Samasma-ihini)

i. S: 23:3
Samas-ndfir: ''"UD-na-sir

i. S: 31 :3
$amas-msu: >luUD-ni-lu

i. S: 4:3
Samsatum, read Utatum

.. R: 55:1
Mz««2(?): [
i . si. of Nardm-ilisu: 24 : 6

i. 10:15
Sa-Samas-damka: Sd-'l"UD-dam-ga

,.S:j4:^
Sep-Ea: Se-ip-E-a

i . nuhatimmu: 15:6
Subula-ndsir: >L"Su-bu-la-na-si-ir

I. 129, IO, 2O: 21

Sumum-libsi: Su-mu-um-li-ib-si

1. S: 108: 3

2. s. of Ibik-ilisu, b. of Labis-

tum(?): 117: 13
Sumuw-lisi: Su-mu-um-li-si

i. S:'68:^3
Sunuma-ili: Su-nu-ma-AN

i . S : 66 : 3 | 67 : 3
Tadin-Nunu: Ta-di-in-Nu-nu

i. R: 39:2
Taribatum: Ta-ri-ba-tum

i. S: 3:3, i3(?)

Tarib-Sin(?) : Ta-ri-i[b-iluEN . Z}U
(uncertain)

i. S: 111:3
Taribum: *Ta-ri-bu-um, Ta-ri-bu

1. S: *2:3

2. 88: i

3. tuplarru(?}: 91 : 36(?), 40

4. war T.: 91 : 38
Tutu-nds ir: llu Tu-tu-na-s i-ir

i. 1 13 : 10, 16, 26
Ubdr-Lulu: U-bar-Lu-lu

i. 7:8, 21
Ubdr-Nunu: U-bar-Nu-nu

i. 68:24
Ubdr-Samas: U-bar-iluUD

i. 45 : 4
Ugni-Antum(?) : Ug(?)-ni-An-tum

Ur-Sulpae: Ur-diniir$UL .PA.UD.

DU
i. S: 15:3, 17

42

UNIVERSITY MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN SECTION

i. S: 13:3
Us[...}: Us-(...}

i. 10 : 16

Utatum: U-ta-tum (scarcely Sam-
sd-tum)

i . S : 1 04 : 3
Warad-elselim: ARAD-AB.AB

i. 125:37

Warad-Marduk: ARAD-iluAMAR.
UD

i. 63:6, 7
Wamd-Sin: ARAD-iluEN .ZU

1 . s. of Anna-ill: 46 A : 2

(i.e. seal)

2. R: b. of(?) Imdi-Istar: 49:

I, 12

Warad-{...\. ARAD-ilu[. . .}

i. 125:39

[. . .]-amhut-sul(?) : [. . .}-am-hu-
ut-su-ul (every sign doubt-
ful)
i. S: 10:2

i. S: 8:4

]-Enlil: (. . .}-ilu En-lil
i. R: 8:2

i . kudimmu: 44 : 8
[...]-//?(.?).• [...-i]-li (doubtful)

i. tupsarru: 104 : 14
[ . . . ]mia: [. . . ]-mi-a

i. S: 17:3

[ . . . ]-muballit: [. . . }-m[u-b}a-l[i
(doubtful)

i. S: 76:3
[. ..]-nasir: [. . .-n}a-s[i-ir]

i. S: 24:3
[...]-Sin: [...]-''" EN. ZU

,. S: 65:3
[ . . . \-lalimi: [. . . \-ia-li-mi

I. 130:32
[. . .\-tum: [. . .]-tum

1. S: 14:3

2. R: i7:i(?)
[. . . .]um: [. . . .]-um

i. R: 6y.\

NAMES OF CITIES, GATES, NATIONS, RIVERS, TEMPLES, ETC.

Al-Apil-iaki: ERI-A-pil-^a-ki

113: 13
Al-Guenna: ERI-Gu-en-nakl

,6:7

Amnanum: v. Sippar
Bab-ili: KA-DINGIR.RAki

i6

6, 12

44

:6(?)

1 52

:8

1

61 :

,0 |

76:

1 1

77:29

81 :

14 1

89:9, 12,

39

95

>3l

IOO

29

108:

'9 1

I IO

: 10

1 1 1 1

26

114

:i9

119

128

1 '25

= 9.

22,

34 1

126:

9 1

Basu:

i3i:8|[i33A:i8,3i; B 18]

130:30

Dimtu: AN.ZA.KARki

7:5
Duru: BADki

4-7

Ebarra: E.UD.RA
97 : 1 5 (i.e. seal)
Elammu: auilNIM. MAmti

86: ii
Esagila: E.SAG.ILA

89 : 35; v. PN Sagila-manse,

Ina-Esagila-^er
Gagum: b'"ga-gi-a, *b""gd-ge-a, }gd-

ge-a, **gd-gi-a

72 : 3, 5, 20, 24, 28, 30 | *83 :
20 | 185:2 | **I25 :26

ARTHUR UNGNAD BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAPI PERIOD 43

Hiritum: Hi-ri-t[um . . .]

59 : 9

In-kibU-Samas-Hammurapi-mdhiri-
ai-irsi: In-ki-bi-it-ituUD-
Ha - am-mu-ra-pi-ma-hi - ri-
a-ir-si (wall of Sippar)

133:52 ff.
Isin: Ni-si-ink'

22 : io(?) | 32 :6
labrurum, v. Sippar
Kar-Samas: KAR-iluUD

72 : 1 1
Kaslu: sab Ka-ds-si-i

94: 10
Kibalmas(?): Ki-bal-md[s. . .}

83:3
Kis: KlS.KI

127: 13
Kutu: TIG.GAB.Aki

112:6
Lubdi: 6l"Lu-ub-di

29:7
Nippur: EN.LIL.KI

7- '6, 19

Nuktl(?): Nu-kilkl
101 : 1 1 ; cf. 77,

14:4 | 27:29

Purattu: v. PN Mar-Purattim
Sagila: v. Esagila

Sippar: UD. K IB. NUN. KI; v.
PN Liser-Sippar

1. 32:9 | 37: 12 | 49: ii 73:

6 | 75: 12 | 79: 10 | 83:25
| 84 :-j 102 : 5, 13 | 106:
16 | 108: 10 | 1 13 : 17 | 122:
14 | 125: 13, 22 | [133 A:
17, 23, 41, 58, 68; 8:17,

4']

2. Sippar- Amnanum (UD.

KIB.NUN .KI-Am-na-
nu-u[m\): 89 : 4

3. Sippar- Anunitum (UD.

KIB . NUN . KI-AN-nu-ni-
tum): loo : 15

4. Sippar-Iabrurum (UD.

KIB.NUN.KI-Ia-ah-ru-
rum): 90 : 1 5
Situllum: Si-tii-ul-lumkl

34:32
Zabalum saplu: Za-ba-lu[m] (?)

KI(?).TA
72 : 10

NAMES OF GODS

Adad: "UIM (cf. Iskur)

1. 61 14 | 1 19 : 30

2. PN: A dad-id innam, -lu-sir;

Bur-, Ibni-, lime-, Nur-
Adad
°Aia: ''"A-a

1. 90:18,27 [i33A:33, 73:8:33]

2. PN: °Aia-lamassi, °A{a-

ummi
Amurrum: il"MAR.TU

1. 46 A :4 (i.e. seal)

2. PN: I din- Amurrum

Ansar(?): AN .SAR(?)

i. PN: Ansar-baldti(?)

°Antum: An-tum

i. PN: Ugni-Antum(?)

Anum: AN

1. PN: Anum(?)-habil
°Anunitum: AN-nu-ni-tum, *''UA-

nu-ni-tum, \Anu-ni-'.um
(erroneously?)

1.71:1 | 101 : 18 | *IO7 : 16 |
117: 17, 22, f26

2. PN: Ibku- Anunitum

44

UNIVERSITY MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN SECTION

Asari: dingirSILIG .LU. SAR

i. PN: Lu- Asari
Al(l)ur: iiuA.USAR

1. 49:3

2. PN: Assur-asu
Belti-ili: iluBe-el-ti-i-li

i. 15:18
Bunene: iluBu-ne-ne

i . PN : Bunene-gamil
Damn: ''"Da-mu

1. 23:4

2. PN: Ibku-Damu(?)
Ea: E-a, *il"E-a (cf. Enki)

i. PN: Ea-muballit, *ldin-Ea,

$ep-Ea
Enki: di"eirEn-ki

i. 27:5, 22

Enlil:

'2

°Gula:

2:4 (6:4

4 I 16:4 | 18:4 1 26:3 i

27:5
PN : Enlil-turam, Enlil-[. . .],

Ibi-Enlil, Lu-Enlilla, Sag-

Enlilla, (...}-Enlil
il"Gu-la

1. 23:4

2. PN: [Ardi-Gula], Gimil-Gula
llabrat: il"NIN .$UBUR

1 . 47 A : 4 (i.e. seal)

2. PN: Ibi-, Idin-,Nabi-,Nur-

Ilabrat
°Innanna: din*irINNANNA

1. 17:34

2. PN: Ku-Innanna
Irra: ilulr-ra

i. PN: Idin-lrra
Iskur: dingi'IM (cf. Adad)

i . PN : Iskur-manse
°IUar: Istar

1 . 62 : 20

2. PN: °ntar-tkalli, °Istar-

[...}; Apil-,Awel-, °Dum-
ki-, Imdi-Istar

Kabta: Ka-ab-ta

i. PN: Ntir-Kabta
Lugal-duaiagga: Lugal-du(l)-aiag-ga

i. 4:4
Lulu: Lu-lu

i. PN: Ubar-Lulu
Marduk: il"AMAR.UD

1. 31 : 4 1 32:4 1 33:4 | 34:4

| 35 14 | 36:3 [40:4 | 41 :
4 | 42:6 | 49:3 | [50:4] I
54:4 | 56:5 I 57:4 I 61 : 3
1 66:4, 10 | 67:4, 9 | 68:

i , 4 1 69 : i , 4 | 70 : 4 1 73 :
4(?) | 75: i, 4, 7 | 76: -4],

9 I 77:1". 4l. U>|78:20(?)|
79:4 | 81 :4 1 84:1 1 85:
6 | 87:12 | 89:35 | 90:4,

10 | 91 : i, 4, 9 1 Q2 : i, 4 I
93 : ' • 4 N I 94 '• ' • 4. 6 |
95 : 4, 10 | 96:4, 10 | 98:
4, 9 | 99:4, 10 | 100:4, 9
| 101 :4, 9 | 107 :[i, 4], 10 |
108: i, 4, 9 | 109:4 | 1 10:

[4] I in : i, 4 | [113:9! I
H4:5(?) | 119:29 |i22: i|
[133 A:35; 8:35]

2. PN : Marduk-lamassasu,

-muballit, -mulallim, -mu-
[...], -nasir, -nisu; Ana-
Mar duk-taklaku, Akal-ana-
Marduk: Gimil-, Ibni-,
Warad-Marduk
Nabium: ''"Na-bi-um

i. PN: Nabium- gdmil, -ibni,
-malik,-msu,-seme(?); Etel-
p\-, Ibku-Nabium
°Nana: iluNa-na-a

i. °Sa(?)-Nana
Nanna(r): dinsirSE$.KI

i. PN: Nanna-manse, -salasir
Nergal: iluNE. UNU .GAL
i . 3:4! 11:5 I 65 : 4

ARTHUR UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAPI PERIOD 45

°Ningunanna: dtng"Nin-gun-an-na

i . PN : Lu-Ningunanna(?)
NIN.IB (nEflJN): ""NIN.IB,

[*iluBAR]

i. 2:4)7:4 | [8:5] | 12:4 | 16:
4 i8:[4] | 24:4 [ 26:3
27:5, 22 | ["132: n]
°Ninkarrand: ll"Nin-kar-ra-AG-

( = na)
i . 98 : 1 3
"Ninlil: iluNin-lil

. .17:34
Nin-PIS.BAR.BAR

i. [132: 10]
Nunu: Nu-nu

i. PN: Tadin-Nunu, Ubar-

Nunu
Silulu(?): dingirSt-lu-lu(?)

i. 28 : 4 (i.e. seal)
Sin: ""EN.ZU, *XXX

1. 53 :4 120 : 10, 12

2. PN: Sin-asarid, -bel-aplim,

-bel dumkiia, -bel-[. . .],
-idinnam, -ikisam, -imgur-
anni, -isme'anni *, -magir,
-nddin-ahbi, -nddin-sumi ,
-putram, -rlmeni, -semi,
-tappi-we-dim(?) , -uballissu
(?), -[...] age; Ana-Sin-
taklaku; Awel-, Ibni*-,
Jdin-, Igmil(?)-, Imgur-,
Nardm-, Tarib(?)-, Warad-
Sin, [. . . ]-Sin

Saban: >luSd-ba-an
i. PN: Ibi-Sahan

Samal: "UUD

i. 3:4 | 4:4 I 5:4 I 15:23 I
19:4 |2i :4| 24:4(?) | 31 :

4 | 32:4 | 33:4 | 34^4 I

35:4 | 36:3 40:4 | 41 :4
| 42 : 6 49 : 3 | 50 : 4 | 5 1 :

4 I [52:3] I 53:4 I 54:4 I
56:5 | 57:4 | 61 :3 | 66:
4: 10 | 67:4, 9 68:4 |
69:4 70:4 72:18 73:

4, 5 I 75 : 4, 7 I 76 : [4]. 9
[77:4, 10] | 78:20 | 79:4
| 81 : 4 | 85 : i, 6, 9,10, 16 j
90:4, 10, 18, 27 | 91 : 4, 9
| 92 : 4 | 93 : 4, 9 | 94 : 4, 6
95:4, 10196:4, 10 [98:4,
9 | 99:4, m | 100:4, 9
101 :4, 9 107: [4], 10 |
1 08 : 4, 9 | 1 09 : 4 110:4
| in :4 [113:9! I '14: 5
| 119:25 i 120:8 123: 15 |
[133 A:i, 32, 38,49, 52, 57,
61, 72; B:38]

2. PN: Samas-asarid(?) , -ba-
Idti, -bdni, -enlil-ili(?) ,
-epiri, -garri, -kinam-idi,
-manni, -nasir, -nlsu;
Aw at-, Ibni-, Ina-pi-,
Kar-Samas (city), Sa-
Samas-damka, Ubar-Samas
°Sarratum: ''"sd-ra-tum, *'l'sd-ra-
tim (gen.)

1. *82: 14

2. PN: BA.SA-Sarratum
Subula: tlu$u-bu-la

I . PN : Subula-nasir, Ris-Su-

bula
Sulpae: dinsi"Sul:pa-UD.DU

i. PN: Ur-Sulpae '
Sufianna: dt~ts" Su-^i-an-na

i . PN : Ur-^u^ianna
Tutu: il"Tu-tu

i. PN: Tutu-ndfir

UNIVERSITY MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN SECTION

LIST OF TABLETS

ABBREVIATIONS

N= (found at) Nippur; C.B.S = Catalogue of the Babylonian Sec-
tion; Kbl = first Khahaza Collection; Kb- = second Khabaza Collection;
J.D.P = j. D. Prince Collection; J.S= Joseph Shemtob Collection; H =
time of Hammurapi; Sz = time of Samsuiluna; Ae = t\me of Abi-esuh;
Ad = time of Ammiditana; As = time of Ammisaduga; /4b = time of Asur-
banipal; * = dated; f = photographed.

TBXT

tl

PLATE

2

I

3

H

4

111

5

IV

6

IV

7

V

8

VI

9

VI

10

VII

1 1

VIII

12

IX

'3

IX

H

X

'5

XI

.6

XII

'7

XIII

18

XIV

19

XIV

20

XV

21

XV

22

XVI

23

XVI

ADDRESSED TO

Gimil-ili

Ili-eribam
Enlil-luram
Ili-atpalam
Luga

Agu(a

Samas-balati(?)
ana abiia
Sin-ilme'anni
[Ntsi-i]nisu(?)
Lu-EnUl[la]

turn

Alignlul

Ili-darimum(?')

[ ]

Mallilum

SENT BY

Ibi-ilum

Taribum

Taribatum

Samal-nisu

Samal-garri

Naram-Sin

Sin-putram

Nanna-salasir
[ . . }amhut-sul(?)
Samas-kmam-idi
Ahu-wakar

[. . . . ]tum
Ur-Sulpae
Sin-tap[pi-wedim] (?)
[ . . . ]mia u Sin-[ .

( ]

Ilusu-bdni

Awat-Samas(?)

\Ea\-miiballit

Samas-manni

TIME COLLECTION C. B. S.

/ before \

1 V J

N

47"

U

N

4706

H

N

4709

H

N

4710

H

N

4726

H

N

47'7

H

N

4716

} H

N

4714

Si

N

T/ ™

47<>3

1 Si

' N

4708

H Si

N

4704

Si

N

3375

Si

N

4725

Si

N

4707

Si

N

3780

«](?) Si

N

4712

-[....] Si

N

47' 3

Si

N

3977

Si

N

4723

Si

N

4705

Si

N

4722

Si

N

47" 5

Si

N

4721

ARTHUR UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAI'I PERIOD

47

TEXT

PLATE

ADDRESSED TO

SENT BY

TIME

COLLECTION

C. B.S.

24

XVII

r i

[ . . . ]-72<2Sz[r]

Si

N

/172O

T^

Of j +\J

25

XVII

r i

I

Si

N

47 1Q

L • • J

It ly

26

XVIII

E[nlil- . . . .](?)

Lu-[Ningunan}na(?)

Si

N

4724

27

XIX

ana abiia

Salurum

Si

N

12527

28

XX

fl "H fj /770V/ im

Ae

N

A "7 "7 "7

U fit* U UUC 1 1 ifl

/1C

I V

4727

29

XX

{ana beliia}(?)

r i

?

N

4718

3O

XXI

[ana beliia](?)

[ 1 ('

Defon

*\K»

718

J

1 \

H

\

/

3"

XXI

Apil-ilisu

Samas-ndsir

H

Kb2

.387

32

XXII

Sagila-manse

Marduk-nasir

H

Kb2

1334

33

XXIII

Gimillum

Akal-ana-Marduk

H

Kb2

1366

34

XXIV

Bunene-gamil

Sa-Samas-damka

H

Kb1

463

35

XXIV

Belsunu

Nabium-gdmil

H

Kb1

662

36

XXV

Kukuia

Istar-ekalli

H

Kb2

1195

37

XXVI

Al(i)-talimi(?)

Liser-Sippar(?)

*H

J.S

87

38

XXVI

r . i

Istar-[ . .. .}

H

Kb2

1492

J

39

XXVII

Belanum

Tadin-Nunu

w

H

Kb1

T^J/

720

40

XXVIII

Nisi-inisu

Askudum

H

j.D.P

'795

4'

XXIX

11

Huialum

H

J.D.P

1809

42

XXX

Abu-wakar, Eribam u

Huialum

Haburum

H

Kb2

1390

43

XXXI

Ibkatum

Sin-nmeni

Si

Kb2

1280

44

XXXI

Nabium-msu

"

Si

Kb1

542

45

XXXII

Ilusu-abulu

"

Si

Kb2

'377

t46

XXXIII

Lustamar

"

Si

J.D.P

1805

t47

XXXIV

"

Ilusu-bdni

Si

J.D.P

1808

48

XXXV

Hulatum

Lustamar

Si

Kb1

417

49

XXXV

Warad-Sin

Assur-dsu

Si

Kb2

1326

50

XXXV

Ka\ 1

\ ]

Si

Kb2

4427

y

t5>

XXXVI

i t»i . . . . j
Kaka u Mirsiia

L • J

Sin-magir

Si

Kb1

^™ /

396

52

XXXVI

Adi-ili

Ris-Subula

Si

Kb2

'555

53

XXXVII

Sinatum

Sin-asarid

Si

Kb1

423

54

XXXVIII

Sin-nmeni

it

Si

J.S

169

55

XXXIX

Samsiia

Nardmtani

Si

Kb2

1371

56

XL

Anum-babil(?)

Baltu-kasid

Si

Kb2

1189

57

XL

Nur-Kabta

Lamassi

Si

Kb2

1 142

58

XLI

Apil-Istar

I Hani

St

Kb1

35"

59

XLI

\ 1

\ . . .]

Si

Kb2

1706

y ™

60

XLII

L • • • • 1

ana abiia

\ • • • 1

Belissunu

Si

J.D.P

1807

61

XLIII

Beia

Aplatum

Si

Kb2

1144

UNIVERSITY MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN SECTION

TEXT

PLATE

ADDRESSED TO

SENT BY

TIME

COLLECTION

C. B.S.

62

XLIV

[ana behia]{?)

f 1

Si

Kb2

1659

63

XLV

ana beliia

Bassi

Si

Kb1

J "

425

64

XLV

f j

[ ]

Si

Kb2

4429

*T

65

XLV

L ' • ' * J
]um

]-Sin

Si

KW

1 1 -/

4457

J

66

XLVJ

ana awelim

L • J +**"

$unfima-ili

Ae

KW

T^T^ J I

1249

67

XLVII

f 1

"

Ae

KW-

1319

/

68

XLVIII

L • • • • J

ana awelim

Sumum-lisi

Ae

KW

j y

1328

69

XLIX

n n

Sin-imguranni

Ae

Kb1

477

70

L

ana sapiriia

Ai-abal-ili

Ae

J.s

172

7'

L

ana abiia

Ardu

Ae

Kb2

4475

72

LI

[ana beltia[{?)

[ ••}

Ae

Kb2

1614

/
73

LII

I ]

1 J

Samas-asarid

Ae

J.S

139

/ .^

74

LII

[ 1

[ • •]

Ae

KV

J J

1495

/ ^

75

LII

L * ' * * J

ana awelim

L J

Ibi-Saban

*Ad

Kb1

36,

76

LIII

(i tt

[...]-muballii(?)

Ad

Kb2

'379

77

LIV

i" " ](?}

[ ]

Ad

KW-

1573

/ /

78

LV

L J \ /

ana beliia

Awel-lstar

Ad

Kb2

1247

79

LVI

ana abiia

Nur-Adad(?)

Ad

Kb2

1604

80

LVI

Samas-bani(?)

Awel-Sin

Ad

Kb2

1463

81

LVI I

[ ]

Marduk-mu[. . .[

Ad

Kb2

1722

82

LVI I

1 J

[ana beliia}(?)

Ad

Kb2

1436

83

LVI 1 1

[ana beliia}(?)

Ad

Kb2

1227

84

LIX

[ana beliia](?)

Ad

Kb2

1282

85

LIX

Ad

Kb2

'453

86

LX

[ ]

[ }

Ad

Kb2

1225

87

LXI

\ ]

[ • •]

Ad

Kb2

1690

*"!

88

LXI

[ana beliia](?)

L J

Ad

Kb1

y

409

t8g

LXII

ana belini

f Ibni-[Sin] u daianu
\Sippar-Amnanum

}> *As

Kb2

1710

t90

LXIII

ana awelim

Sin-nadin-abhi

*As

Kb2

1246

9"

LXIV

H ft

Sin-nadin-sumi

*As

Kb2

1602

92

LXIV

ft ft

tt

As

KK

422

93

LXV

(t ft

Ibni-Samas

As

Kb1

584

t94

LXVI

ft (t

Etel-pi-N abium

As

Kb2

"332

95

LXVII

ft ft

S n-idinnam

As

Kb1

380

96

LXVI 1 1

ft ft

11

As

Kb2

1725

97

LXVIII

Sab turn

tt

As

Kb1

387

98

LXIX

ana awelim

Mardnk-lamassasu

As

Kb2

•347

99

LXX

tt tt

Jskur-manse

As

Kb2

1383

100

LXXI

ft ft

Ilusu-bani

As

Kb2

1357

ARTHUR UNGNAD BABYLONIAN LETTERS OF THE HAMMURAPI PERIOD

49

TKXT
101
flO2
103
1O4

1O6
I07

108 <j

109
1 1O

I I 1

1 12

"3

114

"5
116
117
118

120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130

'31
132

ti33

PLATE

LXXII
LXXIII
LXXIV
LXXV
LXXVI
LXXVII
LXXVI 1 1
LXXIX
LXXX
LXXXI
LXXXII
LXXX1II
LXXXII1
LXXXIV
LXXXIV
LXXXV
LXXXV
LXXXVI
LXXXVI
LXXXVII
LXXXVIII
LXXXVIII
LXXXVIII
LXXXIX
LXXXIX
XC

XCI
XCI I
XCI I

xcin

XC1V
XCIV
XCV, XCVI

ADDRESSED TO

ana awelim
ana bdlini
ana belija

it H

ana abiia
(" " I

ft if

SENT BY

Iddatum
Ibni-Sin & daianu
Ibku-AnunUum
Uiatum
Lamassani

. .1

Sumum-libSi

" " Ibni-Sin
ana abatiia ElmVsum
(ana awelim](?) Tarlb-Sin(?)
Ibni-Adad A Ibni-Marduk Apil-ilisu
[ ] f 1

A ]

[ 1

( 1

r i

[ 1

r i

r i

(ana abiia](?)
[ana b$liia](?)

r l

[ana bttiia](?)
[ )

j j

[ana beltiia}(?)

r i

\ 1

, ]

(ana b$ltiia](?)
(ana b2liia](?)
[ana bUiia}(?)

-

f 1

Ardi-Gula
Building inscription

larrum
of IJammurapi

TIME COLLECTION C. B. S.

As

Kb*

1348

As

Kb1

1682

As

KV-

1709

As

KK

"433

As

KW

,358

As

Kb2

1364

As

Kb1

.578

As

Kb2

1264

As

Kb*

4363

As

Kb2

.587

As

Kb2

1 146

As

Kb*

1342

As

Kb*

1675

As

Kb*

"447

As

Kb*

1676

As

Kb*

1648

As

Kb*

1619

As

Kb*

1721

As

Kb1

576

As

Kb*

1281

As

Kb*

1466

As

Kb*

"454

As

Kb*

1458

As

Kb*

1226

As

Kb*

1713

As

Kb*

1683

As

Kb*

513

As

Kb1

427

As

Kb*

1430

As

Kb*

1540

As

Kb*

1637

Ab

Kb*

1471

V

J.S

1 1

UNIVERSITY MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN SECTION

NUMBERS OF THE CATALOGUE

C. B. S.

TEXT

C. B. S.

TEXT

C. B. S.

TEXT

C. B. S.

TBXT

C. B S.

TEXT

II

'33

I 146

I I 1

'379

76

1659

62

4703

9

8?

37

Il89

56

,383

99

1675

"3

4704

I I

'39

73

1195

36

,387

3'

l676

"5

4705

20

,69

54

1225

86

1390

42

1682

1 02

4706

2

172

70

1226

124

1430

129

1683

126

4707

'4

351

58

1227

83

'433

104

1690

87

4708

10

36.

75

1246

90

1436

82

I7O6

59

4709

3

380

95

1247

78

'447

"4

1709

103

4710

4

387

97

1249

66

'453

85

I7IO

89

47"

i

396

5'

1264

1 08

'454

122

1713

125

47'2

.6

409

88

1280

43

'458

'23

1721

118

47'3

'7

4'7

48

I28l

1 20

1463

80

1722

81

47'4

8

422

92

1282

84

1466

121

1725

96

47'5

22

423

53

1319

67

'47'

'32

"795

40

4716

7

425

63

1326

49

'492

38

1805

46

47'7

6

427

128

1328

68

'495

74

1807

60

47.8

29

463

34

1332

94

1540

130

1808

47

47'9

25

477

69

'334

32

'555

52

1809

4'

4720

24

513

127

1342

I 12

'573

77

3375

12

4721

23

542

44

'347

98

1578

107

378o

'5

4722

21

576

"9

1348

IOI

1587

I IO

3977

18

4723

'9

584

93

'357

IOO

1602

9'

4363

109

4724

26

662

35

1358

105

1604

79

4427

50

4725

'3

718

30

1364

106

1614

72

4429

64

4726

5

720

39

1366

33

1619

"7

4457

65

4727

28

1 142

57

'37'

55

1637

'3'

4475

7'

12527

27

"44

61

'377

45

1648

116

t'f

AUTOGRAPH PLATES

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE I

O.

1

CASE

O.

10

w

g*r tfr

REVERSE UNINSCRIBED

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE II

o.

10

R.

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE III

o.

U. E.

>

UJ

o

5
3

UJ

CO

3
5

m
a

CD

BfB\L. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE V

r

Lo. E.

" "

Ill
<

o

D
U
CO

5

z

00

m

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE VII

10

BABYL, PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE VIII

11

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

13

PLATE IX

F-i rr^

L. I.

DROBABLV ERASURE

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE X

14

o.

10

15

20

U.

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE XI

15

Lo. E.

U. E.

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE XII

16

o.

10

Lo. E.

R.

15

20

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

R.

20

rr

rr

T":<t

rf

17

V

r

rr m

•W-N

$

H>£-

25

ff

^g^y

U. E.

(30)

' L. E.

PLATE XIII

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE XIV

19

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE XV

20

21

X

h

_i
a.

o

5

UJ

m
3

Q.

(M
(M

,j_l_

fv"t
|'H&^

•A. A.^.

&£**

V^*T
3^^4

^__wW A J.

mli^^

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vvS^7^
%- >

Mv

*|>S

i-t

•

X

111

Q.

CO

>

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CD
D
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m

CM

M

6

hrtr^

if Iff

.f.iffi'iyg

h% ^
I s

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE XVIII

26

10

Lo.

R.

15

20

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE XIX

27

Tf

r?

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE XX

29

o.

(10)

REST DESTROYED

X
X

m

O

m

o

UJ
CO

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D

CD
3
0.

CD
CD

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE XXII

10

LO. e..

15

20

25

T ,£L>
fhfr

32

rwfr* TF

r

t-H

*• — I

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE XXIII

33

Lo. E.

R.

15

20

r

Tf

ff

X

X

UJ

O

5
3

LU
(O

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D

\-T*T L_ f.

tSr7 \ &
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*:

V

^

^

m

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE XXV

36

B.

(15)

(20)

U. E.

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE XXVI

38

20

O. E.

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. VII

PLATE XXVII

39

o.

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